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PLANTAE WILSONIANAE

I ^/

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM, No. 4

PLANTAE WILSONIANAE

AN ENUMERATION OF THE WOODY PLANTS

COLLECTED IN WESTERN CHINA FOR THE

ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD

UNIVERSITY DURING THE YEARS

1907, 1908, AND 1910

BY E. H. WILSON

EDITED BY

CHARLES SPRAGUE SARGENT
Volume II

CAMBRIDGE

THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

1916

Part I. (pp. 1-262) issued March 24, 1914.

Part II. (pp. 263-422) issued December 28, 1915.

Part III. (pp. 423-659) issued March 30, 1916.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Ginkgoaceae: Ginkgo 1

Taxaceae: Cephalotaxus, Torreya, Taxus, Podocarpus .... 3
Pinaceae: Pinus, Larix, Pseudolarix, Picea, Tsuga, Keteleeria,
Abies, Cunninghamia, Cryptomeria, Thuja, Cupressus,

Juniperus 10

Gramineae : Arundinaria, Phjdlostachys, Bambusa 63

Lauraceae: Cinnamomum, Alseodaphne, Phoebe, Machilus,

Sassafras, Aetinodaphne, Litsea, Neolitsea, Lindera .... 66
Leguminosae: Albizzia, Cercis, Bauhinia, Cassia, Gleditsia,
Gymnocladus, Pterolobium, Caesalpinia, Mezoneurum,
Ormosia, Sophora, Cladrastis, Maackia, Piptanthus,
Indigofera, Millettia, Wisteria, Caragana, Desmodium,
Uraria, Lespedeza, Campylotropis, Dalbergia, Dumasia,
Erythrina, Apios, Mucuna, Stizolobium, Pueraria, Rhyn-

chosia, Flemingia 87

Zygophyllaceae : Nitraria 120

Rutaceae: Zanthoxylum, Evodia, Orixa, Phellodendron, Tod-

dalia, Skimmia, Clausena, Citrus, Poncirus 121

SiMARUBACEAE : PicrasHia, Ailanthus 152

Burseraceae: Canarium 155

Meliaceae: Cedrela, Melia, Cipadessa 156

Polygalaceae : Poly gala 160

Buxaceae: Sarcocca, Pachysandra, Buxus 163

CoRiARiACEAE : Coriaria 170

Anacardiaceae : Spondias, Pistacia, Cotinus, Rhus 172

Staphyleaceae : Staphylea, Turpinia, Euscaphis, Tapiscia . . 185

Icacinaceae: Mappia, Plosiea 190

Sapindaceae: Sapindus, Koelreuteria, Euphoria 191

Sabiaceae: Sabia, Meliosma 195

Rhamnaceae: Paliurus, Zizyphus, Berchemia, Chaydaia, Rham-

nella, Sageretia, Rhamnus, Plovenia, Ventilago, Gouania . 209

Nyssaceae: Nyssa, Camptotheca, Davidia 254

Oleaceae: Fraxinus 258

V

86861

VI TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Rosaceae: Pyrus, Sorbus, Malus, Docynia, Chaenomeles,
Rhodotypus, Kerria, Potentilla, Rosa, Pygeum, Dichoto-

manthes, Prinsepia 263

Celastraceae : Celastrus, Gymnosporia, Perrottetia 346

Elaeocarpaceae: Elaeocarpus, Sloanea 360

Tiliaceae: Tilia, Grewia 363

Malvaceae : Abutilon, Urena, Hibiscus 373

Sterculiaceae : Reevesia, Sterculia, Firmiana 376

Dilleniaceae : Actinidia, Clematoclethra 378

Theaceae: Thea, Gordonia, Stewartia, Ternstroemia, Eurya . 390

Guttiferae: Hypericum 402

Tamaricaceae : Tamarix, Myricaria 406

Passifloraceae : Passiflora 408

Elaeagnaceae : Hippophae, Elaeagnus 409

Lythraceae: Lagerstroemia 418

Punicaceae: Punica 419

Myrtaceae: Eugenia 420

Melastomataceae : Melastoma, Osbeckia 421

Betulaceae: Ostryopsis, Ostrya, Carpinus, Corylus, Betula,

Alnus 423

Leguminosae: Wistaria 509

EuPHORBiACEAE : Andiachue, Sauropus, Glochidion, Phyllanthus,
Securinega, Fluggea, Bischofia, Daphniphyllum, Anti-
desma, Croton, Acalypha, Alchornea, Mallotus, Sapium,

Excoecaria, Aleurites 516

Thymelaeaceae : Wikstroemia, Daphne, Eriosolena, Edge-

worthia, Stellera 530

Alangiaceae: Alangium 552

Araliaceae: Schefflera, Hedera, Brassaiopsis, Nothopanax,

Acanthopanax, Kalopanax, Pentapanax, Aralia 555

Cornaceae: Torricellia, Helwingia, Aucuba, Cornus 569

Myrsinaceae : Myrsine, Ardisia, Maesa 580

Plumbaginaceae: Ceratostigma 586

Ebenaceae : Diospyros 587

Symplocaceae : Symplocos 593

Oleaceae : Ligustrum, Osmanthus, Chionanthus, Jasminum . . 600

Caprifoliaceae : Heptacodium 617

Corrections 621

Index 625

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM, No. 4

PLANTAE WILSONIANAE

AN ENUMERATION OF THE WOODY PLANTS

COLLECTED IN WESTERN CHINA FOR THE

ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD

UNIVERSITY DURING THE YEARS

1907, 1908, AND 1910

BY E. H. WILSON

EDITED BY

CHARLES SPRAGUE SARGENT

Part IV

Issued, March 24, 1914

CAMBRIDGE

THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

1914

PLANTAE WILSONIANAE, Part IV. Issued March 24, 1914

GiNKGOACEAE by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson page

Ginkgo 1

Taxaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Cephalotaxus, Torreya, Taxus, Podocarpus 3

PiNACEAE by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Pinus by George Russell Shaw 10

Larix, Pseudolarix, Pieea, Tsuga, Keteleeria, Abies, Cun-
ninghamia, Cryptomeria, Thuja, Cupressus, JiiniperuS . 18
Gramineae by A. B. Rendle

Arundinaria, Phyllostachys, Bambusa 63

Lauraceae by J. S. Gamble

Cinnamomum, Alseodaphne, Phoebe, Machilus, Sassafras,

Actinodaphne, Litsea, Neolitsea, Lindera 66

Legitminosae by W. G.Craib

Albizzia, C'crcis, Bauhinia, Cassia, Gleditsia, Gymnocladus,
Pterolobium, Caesalpinia, Mezoneurum, Ormosia, Bo-
phora, Piptanthus, Indigofera, V/isteria, Caragana, Des-
modium, Uraria, Dalbergia, Dumasia, Erj'thrina, Apios,
Mucuna, Stizolobium, Pueraria, Rhynchosia, Flemingia . 87

Cladrastis, Maackia by H. Takeda 97

MiUettia by S. T. Dunn 101

Lespedeza, Campylotropis by A. K. Schindler 105

Zygophyllaceae bv Alfred Rehder and E, H. Wilson

Nitraria . . ^ 120

Rutaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Zanthoxylum, Evodia, Orixa, Toddalia, Skimmia, Clausena 121

Phellodendron by C. S. Sargent 136

Citrus, Poncirus by Walter T. Swingle 141

Simarubaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Picrasma, Ailanthus . 152

Burseraceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Canarium 155

IVIeliaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Cedrela, ^ielia, Cipadessa 156

PoLYGALACEAE by Alfred Rehder and £. H. AVilson

Polygala . '. 160

Buxaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Sarcococca, Paehysandra, Buxus 163

Coriariaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Coriaria 170

Anacardiaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Spondias, Pistacia, ("otinus, Rhus 172

Staphyleaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Staphylea, Turpinia, Euseaphis, Tapiscia 185

Icacinaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Muppia. lb.^ie;i 190

( ii/i!iniir,S Oh i>iniK III of roixr

GINKGOACEAE.

Determined bj' Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

GINKGO L.

Ginkgo biloba Linnaeus, Mant. alt. 313 (1771). — Thunberg, Fl
Jap, 358 (1784). — Lamarck, Encycl Meth. II. 712 (1786). — Par-
latore in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 507 (1868). — Miquel in
Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. II. 73, t. 136 (1870). — Franchet &
Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 474 (1875). — Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn.
Bordeaux, XXX. 110 {Fl. Shangh. 58) (1875). — Masters in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XVIII. 500 (1881); XXVL 546 (1902). —Sargent in
Garden & Forest, VI. 473 (1893); Forest Fl. Jap. 75 (1894). — Pritzel
in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 213 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap.
I. 10, t. 8, fig. 1-14 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital.
n. ser. XVIII. 15 (1911).

Ginkgo Kaempfer, Amoen. 811, t. (1712).

Salishuria adiantifolia ^raxih. m Trans. Linn. Soc. 111. 330 (1797). — Biinge
in Mem. Acad. Sav. Etr. St. Petersbourg, II. 136 {Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 62)
(1833). — Siebold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. III. 233 {Fl.
Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 109) (1846).

Pterophyllus Salisburiensis Nelson, Pinaceae, 163 (1866).

Kiangsi: Ruling, Temple of Wang Lung, planted, July 1907
(No. 1743; tree 26 m. tall, 6 m. girth). Western Hupeh: Ichang,
planted around temples and houses, alt. 30-1000 m.. May and October
1907 (No. 2109; tree 20-30 m. tall, girth 3-6 m.).

The Ginkgo is common as a cultivated tree in central and western China up to
an altitude of 1500 m. We never met with a spontaneous specimen and in our
opinion the tree no longer exists in a wild state. Masters (in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 547 [1902]) states that Mrs. Bishop met with the Ginkgo in the forests
which surround the sources of the Great Gold River and the smaller Min, in west-
ern China; and also in the forests of central Hokkaido, Japan. This is an error.
We have traversed the regions in western China cited by Mrs. Bishop and no
Ginkgo grows there. Cercidi-phyllum ja-ponicum, var. sinense Rehder & Wilson ia
common in that region and is colloquially known as the Peh-k'o tree, the name
which is generally applied all over China to the Ginkgo. Wc suspect Mrs. Bishop
was misled or confused and that the tree she saw and mistook for the Ginkgo was
the Cercidiphyllum. It is now known that the tree in the forests of Japan, Mrs.
Bishop took for the Ginkgo was Cercidiphyllum, japonicwn Siebold & Zuccarini.

1

D. H. HILL LmRARr
North Carolina State College

2 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

The Chinese name " Peh-k'o " signifies white nut. The seeds after roa?ting
are eaten by the Chinese and much esteemed. In the late autumn the leaves of
the Ginkgo assume a beautiful yellow color and the trees are in consequence most
conspicuous objects at this season. Occasionally in old specimens large, ovoid
protuberances, covered with thick bark and a foot or more long, grow out and down-
wards from the larger branches. This phenomenon is, however, rare as far as our
observations go.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 51, 260, 335, 387, 388, 439 of the
collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China,
Nos. 229, 230, 231, 232.

TAXACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

CEPHALOTAXUS Sieb. & Zucc.

Cephalotaxus drupacea Siebold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Miinch.
IV. pt. III. 232 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 108) (1846). — Endlicher,
Syn. Conif. 239 (1847). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 169
(1867) ; Prol Fl. Jap. 333 (1867) ; in Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap.
II. 66, t. 130, 131 (1870). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI Jap.
I. 473 (1875).— Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 499 (1881) ; XXVI.
544 (1902); XXXVII. 413 (1906); in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIII.
228, fig. 94 (1903); in Jour. Bot. XLI. 269 (1903). — Sargent in
Garden & Forest, VI. 473 (1893); Forest Fl Jap. 75 (1894). — Pritzel
in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 214 (1900).— Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap.
I. 31, t. 14 (1900). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIX. 136 {Consp.
Fl. Kor.) (1901). — Pilger in Engler, Pfianzenr. IV.-5, 100, fig.
20 (Taxaceae) (1903). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci.
Tokyo, XXII. 400 (Enum. PI. Formos.) (1906). — Hemsley in Bot.
Mag. CXXXV. t. 8285 (1909). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII.
629 (1913).

Taxus baccata Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 275 (non Linnaeus) (1784).

Ta.vm coriaceaRoTt. ex Knight & Perry, ^Syn. Conif. 51 (quasi synon.) (1850?).

Cephalotaxus coriacea Hort. ex Knight & Perry, Syn. Conif. 51 (quasi

synon.) (1850?).
Podocarpus coriacea Hort. ex Knight & Perry, Syn. Conif. 51 (quasi synon.)

(1850?).
Cephalotaxus Fortunei foemina Hort. ex Carriere, Traiie Conif. 509 (quasi

synon.) (1855).
Cephalotaxus foemina Hort. ex Carriere, Traite Conif. 720 (quasi synon.) (1867)

Western Hupeh: without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5030, 7831.)
Korea: without locahty, W. R. Carles (No. 202).

Henry's specimens are male and apparently typical and are the only ones we
have seen from central China referable to the type species.

Cephalotaxus drupacea, var. sinensis Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

Differt a typo praecipue foliis lineari-lanceolatis apicem versus
plus minusve sensim attenuatis. — Frutex 2-4-metralis, ramosissimus.

3

4 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Folia lineari-lanceolata, acuminata v. acuta, basi subito contracta,
subsessila, supra obscure viridia, subtus glauca v. glaucescentia.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, woodlands, alt. 1000-1300 m.,
September 1908 (No. 1115, 9, type); Chiu-ting-shan, thickets, alt.
2000 m.. May 23, 1908 (No. 1115, S , type). Western Hupeh:
Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 600-1300 m., May and September
1907 (No. 167, $ and 9 ); same locality, alt. 1000-1300 m.. May and
August 1907 (Nos. 267, $ , 167^, 9 , in part) ; Fang Hsien, woodlands,
alt. 1000-1300 m., August and September 1907 (Nos. 167, 9, in part,
267, (?); without locality. May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2114, ^ and
9). Shensi:" Huo-kio-zaez," July 1897, G. Giraldi.

This is a common shrub in thickets and woodlands in western Hupeh and in
Szech'uan, more especially in rough, steep, limestone regions. The very narrowly
lanceolate leaves tapering to a sharp, acuminate point distinguish this variety
from the tj-'pe in which the leaves are linear and abruptly contracted to a mucronate
apex. Cephalotaxus Fortunei Hooker differs from this new variety in its much
longer leaves (5-9 cm.) very distinctly narrowed towards the base.

We have seen specimens from central China belonging to this new variety
identified as C. Fortunei, C. Griffithii and C. pedunculata, and Franchet, Pritzel and
Masters have recorded the latter species from Shensi and Hupeh. It is highly
probable that all these specimens are referable to this new variety. Of C. pedun-
culata Siebold & Zuccarini, the correct name for which is C. Harringtonia K. Koch,
we have seen only male, cultivated specimens. These are obviously distinct from
C. drupacea Siebold & Zuccarini and until more is known concerning the female
plant and the habitat of C. Harringtonia we prefer to keep it as a distinct species.

Cephalotaxus drupacea, var. sinensis, f. globosa Rehder & Wilson
n. forma.

A typo varietatis fructu globoso v. subgloboso recedit.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1000 m., August
1907 (No. 163, 9 ; bush 3 m. tall).

It is possible that this plant may prove identical with the C. pedunculata var.
sphaeralis Masters (in Gard. Chron. n. ser. XXI. 113, fig. 113, 1884). It is in cul-
tivation and we have separated it more in the hope of elucidating the orifn of
Masters' plant than on account of the shape of its fruit. It is exceedingly doubt-
ful if the shape or size of the fruit in Cephalotaxus is of taxonomic value.

Cephalotaxus Fortunei Hooker in Bot. Mag. LXXVI. t. 4499
(1850). — Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 503 (1868). —
Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VII. 102 (PI. David. I. 292)
(1884); in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 265 (1899). — Kanitz in Novcn. Gyiijit.
Szechenyi, II. 848 (PI. Enum. 63) (1891); in Wiss. Ergeb. Reise Sze-
chenyi, II. 738 (1898). — Beissner in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
IV. 186 (1897); in Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1901, 358. — Pritzel in Bot.

TAXACEAE. — CEPHAL0TAXU3 5

Jahrh. XXIX. 213 (1900). —Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI.
545 (1902); XXXVII. 413 (1906); in Jour. Bot. XLI. 269 (1903).—
Pilger in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-5, 103 (Taxaceae) (1903). — Diels in
Wiss. Ergeb. Exped. Filchner China Tibet, X. 247 (1908). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. Add. ser. X. 256 (Ft. Kwang-
tung & Hongkong) (1912). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 629
(1913).

Cephalotaxus filiformis Knight & Perry ex Gordon, Pinetum, 46 (quasi synon.)

(1858).
Cephalotaxus drupacea K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. II. 104 (non Siebold & Zuc-

carini) (1873), quoad synon. C. Fortunei.
Cephalotaxus Griffilhii Beissner in Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1901, 358 (non Hooker

f.). — Masters in Jour. Bot. XLI. 269 (1903); in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII.

414 (1906).
Cephalotaxus Mannii Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 545 (non Hooker f .)

(1902).

Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., August 1, 1907 (No.
1741% ? ). Western Hupeh : north and south of Ichang, woodlands,
alt. 600-1300 m., May and September 1907 (No. 1386, c? and 9 ,in part;
bush or tree 5-8 m. tall) ; Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300 m., August 1907
(No. 1386, ^ and 9 , in part; tree 6 m. tall) ; Hsing-shan Hsien, ravine,
alt. 300 m., rare, May 1907 (No. 2iio,9 ; bush 2 m. tall); without
locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 100, 9 and J ) ; without locality
A. Henry (No. 7186); "Monte Tien-pong-scian," alt. 1990 m., Sep-
tember 1907, C. ^SiZyesfn (No. 94, 9). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan
Hsien, .A. fl^ewry (No. 7018, 9). Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan,
roadside, alt. 1300 m., September 1908 (No. 1386,9, in part; tree 12
m. tall, girth 1.5 m., fruit purple); west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien,
alt. 1300-1600 m., October 1901 (No. 4054,9 ; small tree 5-8 m. tall);
Tachien-lu, Pnnce Henri d' Orleans. Yunnan: mountains north of
Mengtze, alt. 2300 m., A. Hennj (No. 9100,^). Chekiang: near
Ningpo, June 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 432, 9). Shensi : Tai-pei-shan,
1910, W. Purdom.

This handsome species is rather common as a small tree, 5-10 m. tall, in the
woods and thickets of western Hupeh and in Szech'uan, more especially in precip-
itous limestone regions. The trunk always divides a few feet above the ground
into 2-5 ascending stems. The lateral branches are very numerous, slender,
spreading and often somewhat pendulous at the extremities. The leaves in both
sexes are equally long, dark green above, glaucous below; the fruit varies somewhat
in size and shape and when ripe is purple on the surface.

This tree is the Lo-han-shu of the Chinese and is frequently associated with
wayside shrines, tombs and temples. The specimens identified as C. Griffithii by
Masters (in Jour. Bot. XLI. 269 [1903]) probably belong here.

b WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

/
A picture of this tree will be found under No. 369 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 162.

Cephalotaxus Fortune!, var. concolor Franchet in Jour, de Bot.
XIII. 265 (1899). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII.
231 (1910).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets alt. 1300 m., common, July 28, 1907
(No. 1741, 9; bush 1-2.5 m.). Eastern Szech'uan: Cheng-kou
Ting, P. Farges (type).

Cephalotaxus Oliveri Masters in Bull. Herb. Boissier, VI. 270
(1898); in Jour. Unn. Soc. XXVI. 545 (1902); XXXVII. 413 (1906);
in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIII. 227, fig. 93 (1903); in Jour. Bot. XLI.
269 (1903). — Pritzel m Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 214 (1900). — Pilger in
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-5. 104 (Taxaceae) (1903). — Patschke in Bot.
Jahrh. XLVIII. 629 (1913).

Cephalotaxus Griffithii Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XX. t. 1933 (non Hooker f.),
(1890), excludendis speciminibus a Griffith et Watt collectis.

Western Hupeh: vicinity of Ichang, ravines and glens, alt. 30-
600 m., April and October 1907 (No. 418, <? and 9 ; bush 2-3 m. tall) ;
Changyang Hsien, ravine, alt. 300 m., April 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 72, ?); without locality, A. Henry, (Nos. 7479, 9, 7832% %).

This very distinct species is well distinguished by the pectinate arrangement of
the leaves which are closely set on the branches; the leaf -base is truncate and the
apex abruptly acute.

This shrub is common in western Hupeh and in Szech'uan up to an altitude of
600 m., selecting rocky places.

Cephalotaxus argotaenia Pilger in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-5, 104
(Taxaceae) (1903). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 629 (1913).

Podocarpus argotaenia Hance in Jour. Bot. XXI. 357 (1883). — Masters in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 547 (1902); XXXVIII. 414 (1906); in Jour. Bot.
XLI. 269 (1903). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. Add.
ser. X. 256 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongkong) (1912).

Podocarpus insignis Hemsley in Jour. Bot. XXIII. 287, 312 (1885).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, cliffs of ravines, alt. 300 m.,
very rare. May 7, 1907 (No. 2107; bush 2 m. tall). Western Sze-
ch'uan: without precise locality, ravines, alt. 1100 m., rare, July
1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3005, 9).

This is a rare plant of which the ripe fruit is unknown to us.

TAXACEAE. — TORRE YA

TORREYA Arn.

Torreya grandis Fortune in Gard. Chron. 1857, 788; 1860, 170. —
Gordon, Pinetum, 326 (1858).— Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI.
pt. II. 505 (1868). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2,
VII. 102 (PL David. I. 292) (1884). — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 546 (1902). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees of Great Britain
and Ireland, VI. 1464 (1912).

Caryotaxus grandis Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 367 (1865).

Tumion grande Greene in Pittonia II. 194 (1891).

Torreya Fargesii Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 264 (1899). — Pritzel in
Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 214 (1900). — Pilger in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-5, 108
(Taxaceae) (1903). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII.
231 (1910). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 630 (1913).

Torreya nucifera Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 214 (non Siebold & Zuccarini)
(1900). — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 546 (1902); XXXVII. 414
(1906); in Jour. Bot. XLI. 269 (1903).

Torreya nucifera, var. grandis Pilger in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-5. 107 {Taxa-
ceae) (1903).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1600
m., rare, June and July 1907 (No. 2108, '^ and 9 , in part; tree 5-12 m.
tall, girth 0.6-1.5 m.); Fang Hsien, woodlands,^ alt. 1300 m., August
1907 (No. 2108, 9 , in part); same locality, ravine, alt. 1300 m. June
1910 (No. 4650, 9 ; bush 4 m. tall, fruit globose); without locality, A.
Henry (Nos. 6346, 6478, 9 ). Eastern Szech'uan : Wushan Hsien,
A. Henry (No. 7096) ; Cheng-kou Ting, P. Farges (No. 128, 9 , c? , type
of T. Fargesii Franchet).

This is a rather rare tree in western Hupeh and still more rare in western Sze-
ch'uan but is not uncommon in either region in bush form. The globose or sub-
globose seeds, the scarcely foetid leaves and the gray, yellowish green bark on
shoots two years old and upwards distinguish this plant from the Japanese T.
nucifera Siebold & Zuccarini, which has an ellipsoid seed, more foetid leaves and
reddish brown bark on shoots two years old and upwards. The difference in color
of the bark is constant and affords an easy means of distinguishing these two
species. In this connection it is worthy of note that the eastern American T.
taxifolia Arnott agrees with T. grandis Fortune, in having gray, yellowish green
bark, and that the western American T. calif ornica Torrey agrees with T. nucifera
Siebold & Zuccarini, in having reddish brown bark on shoots two years old and
upwards.

Torreya grandis Fortune, is occasionally met with in gardens under the erroneous
name of T. taxifolia. It is extremely doubtful if the true T. taxifolia Arnott,
which is a rare and local plant known only in a few stations in western Florida,
is now in cultivation. A picture of T. grandis Fortune, will be found under No.
280 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western
China, No. 488,

WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

TAXUS L.

Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt.
III. 232 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 108) (1846). — Endlicher, Syn. Conif.
243 (1847). — Miquelin Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 169 (1867); Prol.
Fl. Jap. 333 (1867); in Siebold, Fl. Jap.II. 61, t. 128 (1870). — Parla-
tore in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 502 (1868). — Franchet &
Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 472 (1875). — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XVIII. 499 (1881). — Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 473 (1893);
Forest Fl. Jap. 76 (1894). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 33, t.
15, fig. 1-18 (1900). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XX. 210 (Fl.
Mandsh.) (1901).

Cephalotaxtis umbraculifera Siebold apud Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 239 (1847) . —

Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. 1. 473 (1875).
Taxus baccata, subsp. 2. cuspidata Pilger in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-5, 112
{Taxaceae) (1903). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 630 (1913).

Japan.
Taxus cuspidata, var. chinensis Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Taxus baccata Franchet inNouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VII. 103. (PI. David.

I, 293) (non Linnaeus) (1884); in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 264 (1899). — Pritzel

in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 214 (1900). — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI.

546 (1902); in Jour. Bot. XLl. 269 (1903); in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII.

414 (1906).
Taxus baccata, subsp. 2. cuspidata, var. b. chinensis Pilger in Engler, Pflanzenr.

IV.-5, 112 (Taxaceae) (1903). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 630

(1913).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woodlands, alt.
600-1300 m., not common, June 1907 (No. 1265, in part; tree 5-12 m.
tall, 1-3 m. girth); without locality, A. Henry (No. 6913). East-
ern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, ravine. May 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 624); Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 7097, 7155, type of Pilger's
var. h. chinensis). Western Szech'uan : near Mt.Omei, alt. 600 m.,
September 1908 (No. 1265, in part; tree 16 m. tall, 5 m. girth);
near Yachou Fu, woodlands, alt. 600 m., October 1908 (No. 1265,
in part; tree 10-16 m. tall, 2.5-5 m. girth); west and near Wen-ch'uan
Hsien, alt. 2100 m., October 1910 (No. 4053, in part; tree 13 m. tall,
girth 4 m.); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, woods, alt. 1600-
2000 m., October 1910 (No. 4053, in part; tree 8-10 m. tall, girth
1.5-2 m.). Shensi: Tai-pei-shan, 1910, W. Purdom. Chekiang:
near Ningpo, June 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 433).

TAXACEAE. — PODOCARPUS 9

This variety is distinguished from the type by its broadly ovoid, smoother,
slightly compressed seeds which are slightly 2-anglcd (never 3 or 4-anglerl), and more
prominently apiculate at the summit, by its smaller winter-buds composed of
rounded scales without a keel on the back, and by its more falcate leaves, con-
vex above with the middrib very slightly raised. The specimens from Szcch'uan
differ from the Hupeh plant which represents the type, in their brighter green,
more falcate and somewhat larger leaves, generally 2-3 cm. long and 2.5-4 mm.
wide. The description of the seeds refers to the Szech'uan plant which is in
cultivation.

Taxus baccata Linnaeus is well distinguished from T. cuspidata Siebold & Zuc-
carini and its var. chinensis by its longer (6-7 mm.), ellipsoid seed. Both T. cus-
pidata and the var. chinensis fruit much more freely than T. baccata; branches
frequently producing fruit from every leaf-axil.

The Chinese Yew occurs scattered through western Hupeh and Szech'uan up to
2000 m. al'itude and more especially in regions where hard carboniferous limestone
prevails. It is nowhere common but here and there very fine specimens occur,
trees 15 m. and more tall with trunks more than 1 m. in diameter and massive,
wide-spreading branches. The bark on old trees is red-brown and the leaves are
always very dark green. When dry the leav^ assume a rich brown color on the
underside and the same is true of the type, T. cuspidata Siebold & Zuccarini. A
Chinese name for this tree is " Hung-tao-sha " (Red Bean Fir).

Pictures of this tree w'U be found under Nos. 374, 375, 376 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 483.

To complete the enumeration of the Taxaceae of central and western China, a
note on Podocarpus neriifolius which was not collected during the Arnold Arbore-
tum Expeditions may be added here.

h; ><>^A PODOCARPUS L'Herit.

Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don in Lambert, Descr. Pinus, II. 21 (pro parte)
(1824); ed. miffof 142 (1832). — Hooker in Bot. Mag. XXXVIII. t. 4655 (1852). —
Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 548 (1902); LXXVII. 414 (1906). — Pilger in
Engler, Pflanzmr. IV -5, 112 {Taxaceae) (1903).— Patschkein Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII.
629 (1913).

Podocarpus macrophylla Wallich, Tent. Fl. Nepal. 56, t. 43 (non D. Don)
(1824), excludendis synon.; Cat. No. 6052=' (1830). — Franchet in Jour,
de Bot. XIII. 265 (1899). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 213 (1900).—
Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 548 (1902). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb.
XLVIII. 629 (pro parte) (1913).

Podocarpus macrophylla, var. acuminatissima Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX.
213 (1900).

Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, alt. 1000m., planted, October 1903 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3007; tree 16 m. tall.)

This handsome tree is occasionally planted around temples in the warmer part
of Szech'uan and more especially on Mount Omei.

PINACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.^
Subfam. ABIETEAE Spach.

PINUS L.

Determined by George Russell Shaw, with notes by E. H. Wilson.

On the first pages of the first vo^me of this pubUcation the specimens of Pinus,
collected by Mr. Wilson, are tre^ed according to the conception of Franchet,
Beissner and Masters, but Pinus Thunbergii Parlatore and Pinus koraiensis
Siebold & Zuccarini, which are credited to China by these authors, were not
found by Mr. Wilson, and it is now my belief that Pinus densiflora Siebold
& Zuccarini also has not yet been collected in a wild state within the limits of
China proper.

The acquisition of more material from Kansu, Shansi and Chili, especially from
the neighborhood of Peking, the possession of authentic specimens of P. funcbris
Komarov and of P. leucosperma Maximowicz together with a longer acquaintance
with Mr. Wilson's admirable collections, have led me to believe that there are,
in the eighteen provinces of China, but two species of Hard Pine — one confined
to the subtropical levels of central southern and south-eastern China and the
other, a mountain species of the western ranges and of the colder northern lati-
tudes. The subtropical species has long been known under the name of P. Mas-
soniana Lambert, while the mountain species has appeared under various names,
some of them based on characters which appear distinct, but which prove, in the
Wilson collection, to be the ultimate developments of variations that are more
or less obvious in all the locaUties.

In all the mountain specimens from Yunnan t.o northern Chili the leaves
have the same leaf-section, in which the resin-ducts are commonly external,
but, in every locality, leaves with both external and medial ducts are not infre-
quent. The branchlet is yellow and slightly pruinose. The staminate flowers
are in short, capitate clusters. The conelet always has the same form and the
same mucronate scales. The cone is tenaciously persistent, subsymmetrical to
oblique and undergoes a change in color, for at first a rather pale yellow, it slowly
changes to a nut brown, quite different from the original color. This change
takes place not only on the tree but in the herbarium. It is a character new to me
and I do not wish to give it undue importance, but taken with other characters
common to these specimens, it seems to establish the proof of specific identity.
Moreover their variations, whether of dimensions or of form, are so associated
and lead by such easy gradations into one another, that the establishment of
specific limits among them appears, to me at least, impossible.

Pinus funebris Komarov represents the most northern form of this Pine, with

^ Pinus determined by G. R. Shaw.
10

PINACEAE. — PINUS 11

short leaves and small cones. Pinus leucosperma Maximowicz is founded on
specimens witli white seeds which appear also in other localities and represent
merely a variation in color not confined to Kansu, where the specimens on which
Maximowicz founded his species were collected, but is, in Kansu as elsewhere, an
occasional variation. Pinus tabulaeformis Carriere is apparently founded on For-
tune's manuscript name tabulijormis, for the Pine planted near Peking. Pinus
yunnanensis Franchet is the south-western form bearing the longest leaves and
the largest cones, presenting, however, great dimensional variations of fruit and
foliage in the localities where it is common. Mr. Wilson collected in Mupin the
typical P. yunnanensis on lower slopes, while above, on rocky ledges, he found a
tree (No. 1472) which, he admits, must be the same species but which has the
smallest cones and the shortest leaves of the collection. It is also noteworthy
that the leaves of the specimen (No. 1464) from the lower altitudes are more pre-
valently in fascicles of 3, while in the specimen from the ui:)per altitudes fascicles
of 2 predominate. That is to say, the diiTerence between these two trees is in
perfect correlation with their exposure. Pinus densata Masters and P. promiriens
Masters, present the extreme form of the oblique cone but. among these trees,
the subsymmetrical cone is also found and, with some numbers (Nos. 4073, 4074,
for instance) this character is intermediate. Pinus Henryi Masters and P. Wil-
sonii Shaw represent the form corresponding with Lambert's P. sinensis, which
is the proper name, it seems to me, for the Chinese mountain Pine.

This species differs from P. Massoniana in its usually shorter, always stouter,
leaves, more often in fascicles of 3 — a rare condition in P. Massoniana; in its
always shortly ovate cone, yellow at maturity, for the cone of P. Massoniana is
usually long-ovate and always brown when ripe; in its conspicuously mucronate
conelet — that of P. Massoniana is partly mutic, partly tuberculate or minutely
mucronate; and in its short-capitate staminate inflorescence which never attains
the long dense clusters common to both P. Massoniana and P. densiflora. These
distinctions partly appear in the plates of P. Massoniana and P. sinensis, in
the quarto edition of Lambert's Genus Pinus of 1832. Here the staminate inflores-
cence of both species are illustrated and clearly distinguished, while the cone of
P. sinensis corresponds with the usual shortly ovate form characteristic of the
mountain Pine. Moreover, Lambert's statement that P. sinensis resembles P.
laricio can apply only to the mountain Pine with its yellow cone and stout leaves
and not at all to P. Massoniana with its cone always brown and its leaf always
very slender. In employing the name sinensis which, after Massoniana, is the old-
est name for a Chinese Pine, there should be no chance for confusion.

Confusion of P. sinensis with P. Thunbergii Parlatore, is not possible, for the
white bud and the characteristic leaf-section of the Japanese Black Pine are not
found in China. Confusion with P. densiflora Siebold & Zuccarini is natural,
for the leaf-sections and the leaf-dimensions of the two are often similar. But
the cone of P. sinensis is tenaciously persistent, while that of P. densiflora is
deciduous or, when persistent, it has a weak hold on the branch. The color of the
P. densiflora cone is a dull testaceous yellow and remains so until changed to the
gray tones common to all long-exposed cones. The cone of P. sinensis changes
from a more or less lustrous yellow to a nut-brown before the ultimate change to
grey.

Pinus Massoniana resembles P. densiflora in its long male inflorescence and in
its leaf-section, but differs in the brown color of its cone. The best distinction,
however, is found in the form and armature of the conelet. In P. Massoniana
the scales of the conelet are mutic toward its base, and tuberculate or minutely
mucronate toward its apex, the tubercle or mucro lying against the scale below.
In P. densiflora the scales toward the apex of the conelet are conspicuously mu-
cronate, the mucro dorsal and patulous, and not touching an adjacent scale.

12 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Pinus Armandi Franchet ia remarkable for the variation in the position of the
resin-ducts of the leaves. The duct in the ventral angle of the leaf is medial but
the dorsal ducts may be external only, medial only or both external and medial, and
this variation may be seen in leaves growing on the same branchlet. Masters's
P. scipioniformis is founded on an immature cone of P. Armandi and a leaf with
external ducts. Therefore he classifies it with the section Strobus. Patschke, on
the other hand (Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 664), finds that the dorsal ducts are medial
and therefore classifies it with the section Cembra. This system of classification
breaks down with this species for no account is taken of dorsal ducts in both
positions in the same leaf and this character is frequent, in the Wilson collec-
tion, among the leaves that I have examined. Masters's P. mandschurica and
Patschke's P. excelsa, both from the same locality in Yunnan, are certainly this
species. P. Armandi and P. koraiensis need not be confused. The cone of P.
koraiensis shrinks, and exposes its seeds to view, but is inert under hygrometric
changes, while the cone of P. Armandi opens at maturity and closes when immersed
in water. The seed of P. koraiensis is unique among Pines, the nut being entirely
covered, except the black umbilical scar, with a brown membranous spermoderm,
while the spermoderm of P. Armandi is reduced to a marginal border produced
into a rudimentary wing, exactly as in P. flexilis James. The branchlet of P. ko-
raiensis is tomentose, that of P. Armandi glabrous.

In accordance with these considerations the Chinese specimens are rearranged
below. The four species collected by Mr. Wilson represent, so far as I can de-
termine, all the Pines that have been found within the limits of the eighteen
provinces of China proper.

Pinus Armandi Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s4r. 2, VII.
95, 1. 12 {PL David. I. 285) (1884) ; in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 254 (1899).—
Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 549 (1902); XXXVII. 415
(1906). — Beissner in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 184 (1897). —
Clinton-Baker, III. Conif. I. t. 6 (1909). — Stapf in Bot. Mag.
CXXXVI. t. 8347 (1910). — Mottet in Rev. Hort. 1910, 423, f. 177-
180. — Patschke in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 657 (1912).

Pinus koraiensis Beissner in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser., IV. 184 (non Sie-

bold & Zuccarini) (1897). — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 550 (1902);

XXXVII. 415 (1906); in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIII. 34, f. 18, 19

(1903).— Patschke in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 657 (1912).
Pinus sci-pioniformis Masters in Bull. Herb. Boissier, VI. 270 (1898); in Jour.

Linn. Soc. XXVI. 552 (1902); XXXVII. 415 (1906). — Patschke in Bot.

Jahrb. XLVIII. 657 (1912).
Pinus mandschurica Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 551 (non Ruprecht)

(1902); XXXVII. 416 (1906).
Pinus Mastersiana Hayata in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XLIII. 194 (1908).
Pinus Armandi, var. Mastersiana Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXV.

art. XIX. 215, f. 8 {Fl. Mont. Formosae) (1908).
Pinus levis Lemee & Leveille in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. VIII. 60 (1910).
Pinus excelsa, var. chinensis Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 657 (1912).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, around hamlet of Sze-kou-
tze, alt. 1500-2000 m., abundant on cliffs, December 1907 (No. 2505;
tree 15-20 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.5 m., bark smooth, pale gray); same

PINACEAE. — PINUS 13

locality, October 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 662) ; north-west of Hsing-
shan Hsien, alt. 2000 m., July and September 1907 (No. 2506, 251 1;
tree 15-20 m. tall); Patung Hsien, around hamlet of Ta-wan, alt.
1500 m., June and July 1907 (No. 2509; tree 15 -20 m. tall, cones very
large). Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien,
alt. 1500-2500 m., July and November 1908, October 1910 (Nos. 1151,
1151% 2510; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.3 m., cones often small);
Chingchi Hsien, Fei-yiieh-ling, alt. 2500-2800 m., August and October
1908 (No. 1387; tree 12.20 m. tall, cones of huge size); north of
Tachien-lu, alt. 3000-3300 m., November 1908 (No. 1470, in part;
tree 6-15 m. tall); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, cliffs, alt.
2500-2600 m., June 21, 1908 (No. 1470, in part; tree 15-25 m. tall;
girth 0.6-2 m.); Lungan Fu, cliffs, alt. 2000-3000 m., August 1910
(No. 1151''; tree 10-20 m. tall); without precise locality, October 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 3017). Yunnan: Mengtze, alt. 2300 m., A.
Henry (No. 10519); Mile district, A. Hennj (No. 9868). Shensi:
without locality, G. Giraldi.

This is the White Pine of China and the only member of this group known
from the eighteen provinces of China. It is widely distributed in the temperate
regions of that country and presents much variation in size of cone. It is every-
where a tree of medium size, shapely in habit with smooth, pale gray bark, and
cones borne on the ends of the branches which, normally, are straight and hori-
zontally wide-spreading. The wood is resinous, close grained, soft but durable.
It is esteemed for general building purposes and is commonly used tor torches.
The tree delights in a rocky country where precipitation is relatively great.

Colloquially this Pine is frequently called the " Peh Sung" (literally White
Pine) but this name more correctly belongs to P. Bxingeana Zuccarini.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 116, 266, 084, 093, 0283 of the
collection of my photographs and in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 357,
358. E. H. W.

Pinus Bungeana Zuccarini in Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 166 (1847). —
Fortune, Yedo and Peking, 377, 378, fig. (1863). — Naudin in Rev.
Hort. (1863) 372. — Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 87 (1873).—
Masters in Gard. Chron, ser. 2, XVIII. 8, fig. 1, 2 (1882); in Gartenzeit.
II. 399, fig. 79 (1883) ; in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 549 (1902) ; XXXVII.
415 (1906).— Beissner in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 185
(1897). — Clinton-Baker, III. Conif. I. t. 11 (1909). — Fatschke in
Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 657 (1912).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, on mud and sandstone shales,
alt. 1000-1250 m., indigenous but rare (No. 2512; tree 15-25 m, tall,
girth 1-2.5 m., wood brittle, bark milk white exfoliating in thin sheets
of irregular shape). Chili: Peking, temple grounds near Summer

14 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Palace, September 17, 1903, C. S. Sargent; near Peking, October 7,
1905, J. G. Jack; same locality, December 1905, F. N. Meyer (No.
327).

This Pine though frequently met with as a planted tree in temple grounds and
courtyards in north-eastern China is very rare in a wild state. It is only known
to me from two districts in western Hupeh where it occurs on escarpments of
mud-shales. It grows from 5 to 20 m. tall and commonly the trunk divides a few
feet above the ground into several stems. The habit is pyramidal, often somewhat
irregular and in old trees occasionally round-headed. On old trees the bark on
the trunk, on the main branches and exposed main roots is milk-white and ex-
foliates in flakes of irregular contour. The wood is brittle and of no value
except as fuel. With its white bark, massive trunk, stout, deep green leaves this
tree is highly ornamental and is so esteemed by the Chinese whose name for it
is " Peh Sung " (White Pine).

Pictures of this tree will be found in my collection of photographs under Nos.
15, 522, 526, 527, 683 and in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 359, 360, 361,
362, 363. E. H. W.

Pinus Massoniana Lambert, Descr. Pinus, I. 17, t. 12 (1803); ed.
2, I. 16, t. 8 (1828); ed. minor 20, t. 8 (1832). — Debeaux in Act. Soc.
Linn. Bordeaux, XXX. 109 {Fl. Shangh. 57) (1875). — Beissner in
Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 185 (1897). — Masters in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXVI. 551 (1902); XXXVII. 416 (1906). — Patschke in
Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 658 (1912).

Pinus canaliculata Miquel in Jour. Bot. Neerland. I. 86 (1861).
Pinus sinensis Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 337 (non Lambert) (1861).

Kiangsi: Kiukiang foot-hills, alt. 300 m., August 1907 (No. 1744;
tree 5-15 m. tall, bark reddish). Western Hupeh: Ichang and
vicinity, alt. 30-1300 m., abundant, April and December 1907 (Nos.
1480, 1481, 2503; tree 10-25 m. tall, girth 0.6-3 m., often planted as
a source of fuel); Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 1300-1500 m., July 1907 and
January 1909 (No. 1469; tree 15-20 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); Chang-
yang Hsien, alt. 1500 m., November 1907 (No. 1482; tree 15-20 m.
tall); " Kao-kien-scian," alt. 800 m., June 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 100).
Western Szech'uan: near Wa-shan, alt. 1100-1500 m., September
and November 1908 (Nos. 1378, 1476; tree 13-20 m. tall); Kiating Fu
and westward to Mupin, alt. 300-1000 m., May and November 1908
(No. 1468; tree 10-25 m. tall, girth 1-3 m., abundant on red-sand-
stone). Hongkong: Happy Valley, woods, alt. sea-level to 600 m.,
April 1909 (No. 1483; tree 15-25 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); same locality,
November 4, 1903, C. S. Sargent. Fokien : Fuchou, 1886, H. Maijr.

In all but the cold parts of China this is the common low-level Pine. Through-
out the Yangtsze Valley it is abundant and extends from the eea-coast to the

PINACEAE. — PINXJS 15

western limits of the Red Basin of Szech'uan, a distance of some eighteen hundred
miles; its altitudinal limit in this region is about 1300 m. In this region it is
everywhere abundant, but is not partial to limestone; it is commonly planted
as a source of fuel. As ordinarily met with it is a tree of no great beauty, but
when allowed to develop fully, it is- one of the handsomest members of the ge-
nus. At its best it is a tree from 25 to 30 m. tall with a clean trunk for two-
thirds of its height and a rounded oval or flattened head. In the upper, wind-
swept parts of the tree the bark is red and peels off in thin strips but near the
base of the trunk the bark is dark grey, persistent and fissured into thick, irreg-
ular oblong masses. At low levels the wood is loose-grained, brittle and useless
except for fuel; at 800 m. altitude and upwards the wood is close-grained and
durable, and is esteemed for general building purposes. At these altitudes the
trunks of the standing trees are often deeply gashed and after a lapse of time
felled and the wood used for torches.

This Pine and the other Hard Pines of China are known by the general name of
" Sung Shu " (literally Pine tree).

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 284, 303, 304, 383, 475, 476, 477,
478, 503, 587, 595, 638, 663, 664, 021, 0178 in the collection of my photographs
and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 366-380. E. H. W.

■~.w^-.^^, . V.'-', ,-■■■:.

Pinus sinensis Lambert, 'Descr. Pinus, ed. minor, I. 47, t. 29 (1832);
ed. 1, III. f. [2], t. (1837). — Loudon, Arh. Brit. IV. 2264, fig. 2169
(1838); Encycl. Trees and Shrubs, 999, fig. 1874 (1842). — Forbes,
Pinetum Wohurn. 39, fig. 12 (1839). — Antoine, Conif. 1, t. 1, fig. 1
(1840).— Mayr, Fremdl Wald- & Parkh. 349, fig. 113 (1906), ex-
cludendo synonymo.

Pinus tabulaeformis Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. 2, 510 (1867).

Pinus leucosperma Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XVI. 558

(1881); in Mel. Biol. XI. 347 (1881).
Pinus Thunhergii Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s^r. 2, VII. 95 {PI.

David. I. 2S5) (non Parlatore) (1884); in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 253 (1899).—

Beissner in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 185 (1897). — Masters in

Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 552 (1902); XXXVII. 417 (1906). — Patschke

in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 658 (1912).
Pinus densiflora Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 253 (non Siebold & Zuc-

carini) (1899). — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 549 (1902) ; XXXVII.

416 (1906). — Shaw in Sargent, PI. Wilson. I. 2 (1911). — Patschke in Bot.

Jahrb. XLVIII. 658 (1912).
Pinus funebris Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XX. 177 (1901).
Pinus densiflora, var. tabuliformis Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 549

(1902).
Pi7ius Henryi Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 550 (1902); XXXVII. 416

(1906). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 568 (1912).
Pinus Argyi Lemee & L6vei\\6, P. nana Faurie & Lem^e et P. Cavaleriei

Lemee & L6veill6 in Fedde Rep. Sp. Nov. VIII. 60 (1910), verisimiUter

hue ducenda.
Pinus Wilsonii Shaw in Sargent, PI. Wilson. I. 3. (1911).

Kiangsi: Ruling, alt. 1400-1500 m., July and August 1907 (Nos.
1745, 1747; tree 6-10 m. tall, sometimes scrub 1-1.5 m. tall). Western

16 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 1200-2600 m., May, July and De-
cember 1907, January 1908 and 1909, abundant (Nos. 1484, 1490,
1495, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1496, 1485, i486, 1487, 1492; tree 10-20 m.
tall, girth 0.6-2.5 m.); Fang Hsien, cliffs, alt. 1600-2500 m.. May
1907 (Nos. 1488, 1494, 4430; small tree 12-15 m. tall) ; same locality, alt.
2300 m., A. Henry (No. 6909); Patung Hsien, near hamlet of Ta-wan,
alt. 2200 m., May, July and December 1907 (No. 1489; tree 15-20 m.
tall, girth 1-2 m.). Western Szech'uan: Mupin and vicinity, alt.
1500-2300 m., November 1908 (Nos. 1097, 1472, 1390; tree 6-25 m.
tall, girth 1-2.5 m.) ; Yungtsen, 12 kilometers from Mupin, alt. 1300m.,
November 1908 (No. 1376; tree 10 m. tall, bark reddish) ; near Tachien-
lu, alt. 2300 m., August 1908 (No. 2501; tree 20-25 m. tall, girth 2-
2.5 m.) ; north-east of Tachien-lu, forests of Ta-p'ao-shan, alt. 3500 m.,
forming forests, July 1908 (No. 1491; tree 20-25 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.);
Wa-shan, alt. 1600-2000 m., common, September 1908 (Nos. 1471,
1477; tree 20-25m., girth 2-3 m.); west of Kuan Hsien, Niu-tou-shan,
alt. 2300 m., abundant, June 21, 1908 (No. 2500; tree 15-25 m. tall);
west of Kuan Hsien; ascent of Pan-lan-shan valley, abundant on cliffs;
October 1910 (Nos. 4073, 4074; tree 10-25 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.);
west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, alt. 1600-2300 m., common. May,
July and November 1908 (Nos. 1475, 1369, 1370; tree 15-25 m. tall,
girth 1-3 m.); near Mao-chou, alt. 1600-2300 m., forming forests,
October 1910 (No. 4056; tree 12-25 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); same local-
ity, September 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3001); near Mao-chou, alt.
1900 m. May 1908 (No. 1493, type of P. Wilsonii Shaw). Kansu:
Tow River valley, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 814). Shansi : Wutai-shan,

1909, W. Purdom (No. 813) ; same locality, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 22,680,
22,673). Chili: Peking, grounds of Temple of Heaven, May 16,

1910, (No. 2513; tree 8-10 m. tall, fiat-topped); Peking Plain, Sep-
tember 17, 1903, C. S. Sargent, vicinity of Peking, 1906, Butler; Ming
tombs, October 1905, J. G. Jack; Tung-ling, November 1908, F. N.
Meyer (No. 23913); Wei-chang, 1909, W. Purdom (No. 812).

As here understood this is the only hard Pine found in a wild state in northern
China and is also the common Pine on the mountains of central and western China.
In Szech'uan its western limit is about long. 104° E., but in the province of Kansu
it extends westward beyond this parallel. In habit and degree of persistence of
the cones it presents much variation. On the wind-swept plains of northern
China it is a low flat-headed tree with gnarled branches and stout leaves. On
the mountains of central China it is a shapely tree of medium size, rather thin
leaves, and cones variable in size, and persisting on the tree for four or five years.
In western Szech'uan it is a handsome tree 25 m. tall with stout leaves and cones
persisting for seven years or more. The bark is usually dark grey, fissured and

PINACEAE. — PINUS 17

persistent, but occasionally on the exposed upper parts of the tree the bark is red
and peels off in thin sheets as in P. Massoniana Lambert. The wood is close-
grained and resinous, very durable and is esteemed for general building purposes.
Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 81 (type tree of P. Wihonii Shaw),
114, 117, 168, 058, 059, 0123, 0141, 0330 of the collection of my photographs and
also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 352-356. E. H. W.

Pinus sinensis, var. yunnanensis Shaw, n. var.

Pinus yunnanensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 253 (1899). — Masters
in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 553 (1902); XXXVII. 415 (1906). — Shaw in
Sargent, PI. Wilson. I. 2 (1911). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 657
(1912).

This variety has the longest leaves and largest cones of the species.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, alt. 1300-2000 m., November
1908 (Nos. 1395, i399, 1464; tree 6-20 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Ching-
chi Hsien, Nitou, alt. 1500-1600 m., November 1908 (No. 1393; tree
3-20 m. tall, girth 0.6-3 m.); valley of Tung River, alt. 1300-1600 m.,
November 1908 (No. 1396; tree 6-15 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.); west of
Wa-shan, Malie, alt. 1600 m., November 1908 (No. 1394; tree 16 m.
tall, girth 3 m.); same locality, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3000).

This is the low-level Pine in the river- valleys of south-west Szech'uan and west
of the limits of the Red Basin. It extends southward into western Yunnan. It
is a tree of medium size usually with long, drooping, slender leaves in fascicles of
three on all the main shoots and relatively large, long persistent cones. On the
upper part of the trunk and main branches the bark is usually red and exfoHates
in thin sheets. On the lower part of the trunk the bark is persistent and deeply
fissured into irregular, oblong masses. The branches are rather short and the
habit usually pyramidal, though old trees are frequently flat-headed. The wood
is moderately close-grained and is used for fuel and also for general construction
purposes.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 273, 274, 275, 276 of the collec-
tion of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 381, 382,
383. E H. W.

Pinus sinensis, var. densata Shaw, n. var.

Pinus densata Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 416 (1906). — Shaw in
Sargent, PI. Wilson. I. 2 (1911). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 658
(1912).

Pinus prominews Masters in /our. Linn. <Soc. XXXVII. 417 (1906). — Patschke
in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 658 (1912).

This variety differs chiefly in its obUque cones with their posterior apophyses
tumid and prominent.

Western Szech'uan: west of Tachien-lu, descent to valley of
Yalung River, around hamlet of Orang-che, alt. 3000-4000 m., October
1908 (Nos. 1465, 1466, 1467, 1478, 1479; tree 20-30 m. tall, girth
1-4 m.); same locality, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3015, type of

18 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

P. densata Masters) ; valley of Tung River, around village of Moshi-
mien, alt. 1100 m., October 1908 (Nos. 1398, 2504; tree 10-15 m. tall,
girth 1-2 m.) ; 20 kilometers north of Tachien-lu, alt. 2800-3300 m.,
October 1908 (No. 1397, 2502; tree 6-20 m. tall); 16 kilometres west
of Tachien-Iu, around hamlet of Cheto, alt. 3300 m., July 1908 (No.
905; tree 8-25 m. tall, girth 0.6-2 m.); same locality, June 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 3016, type of P. prominens Masters); west of
Kuan Hsien, near Monkong Ting, valley of Hsao-chin Ho, alt. 2300-
2600 m., June 1908 (No. 1500; tree 15-25 m. tall) ; west and near W^n-
ch'uan Hsien, alt. 1600-2300 m., November 1908 (No. 1368; tree 12-
20 m. tall); near Sung-pan Ting, alt. 2600-3000 m., August 1910 (No.
4055; tree 15-20 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.).

This is the common Pine on the mountains of western Szech'uan west of the
Red Basin and its altitudinal range is higher than that of any other Chinese
Pine. The form on which Masters based his P. 'prominens has dark grey persistent
bark and short branches and is always a tree of medium size \nih. a close pyra-
midal habit. Pictures of this foi'm will be found under No. 231 of the collection
of my photographs and in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 364.

The form on which P. densata Masters is founded very strongly resembles
P. sylvestris Linnaeus in habit and general appearance, having a clean trunk, mas-
sive branches forming a rounded or flattened head and pale red bark on the branches
and upper part of the trunk, which peels off in thin flakes. West of Fuchien-lu at
altitudes of from 300Q-3500 m. in the descent to the Yalung River this tree forms
extensive forests.

In the two varieties the cones are long persistent, and the wood is close-grained,
very resinous and durable and is highly esteemed for general building purposes, —
it is also used for torches. E. H. W.

LARIX Mill.

Larix Potaninii Batalin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIII. 385 (1893).—
Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 558 (1902) ; XXXVII. 424. (1906);
in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIX. 178, fig. 68 (1906). — Bean in Kew
Bull. Misc. Inform. XXIII. 173, t. (1910). — Patschke in Bat. Jahrb.
XLVIII. 651, (1913).

Larix chinensis Beissner in Mitt. Deuisch. Dcndr. Ges. V. 68 (1896); in Nuov.

Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 183, t. 5, fig. 1 (1897). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb.

XXIX. 216 (1900). — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 558 (1902);

XXXVII. 424 (1906). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 651 (1913).
Larix thibetica Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 262 (1899). — Pritzel in Bot.

Jahrb. XXIX. 216 (1900). — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 558

(1902); XXXVII. 424 (1906).
Larix Griffithii Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 558 (non Hooker f. &

Thomson) (1902); XXXVII. 424 (1908).
Pinus sinensis Voss in PutUtz & Meyer, Landlexicon, IV. 769 (non Lambert)

(1913).

PINACEAE. — LARIX 19

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, forests to west and south-
west, alt. 3300-4000 m., July 20, 1908 (No. 910; tree 6-25 m. tall,
0.6-3 m. girth); same locality, alt. 2500-3800 m., June and September
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3009); north-east of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-
shan, forests, alt. 3300-4800 m., abundant, July 7, 1908 (No. 903;
tree 6-30 m. tall, 1-4 m. girth) ; vicinity of Tachien-lu, Prince Henri
d^ Orleans, type of L. thibetica Franchet; west and near Wen-ch'uan
Hsien, alt. 2300-3000 m., July 1908 (No. 906=*; tree 10-16 m. tall, 1-2
m. girth) ; west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, forests, alt. 2600-3500
m., October 1910 (No. 4071; tree 13-25 m. tall, 1-2.5 m. girth);
Mupm, forests, alt. 3000-3600 m., September 1910 (No. 4362; tree 6-
16 m. tall, 0.5-2 m. girth) ; northeast of Sungpan, Hsueh-pao-ting,
forests, alt. 2500-3600 m., common, August 1910, (No. 4729; tree 8-
25 m. tall, 1-3 m. girth). Kansu: Lotani, road to Siku Ting, alt.
3000-3300 m., 1911, W. Purdom (No. 760) ; Peling-shan, 1911, TT.
Purdom (No. 817). Shensi: Tsinling range, Tai-pei-shan, alt.
3000-3300 m., 1910, W. Purdom (No. 404; tree 6-10 m. tall).

This is the common Larch of western Szech'uan where it is found from 2500 m.
altitude to the Hmits of arborescent vegetation. At its lowest altitude it occurs
sparingly in moist woods and more especially by the sides of streams, in company
with other conifers and broad-leaved trees. As the altitude increases it becomes
more and more abundant until finally in the high alpine regions it forms forests.
In moist, rich woodlands this Larch grows from 25-30 m. tall; the trunk is mast-
like and covered with grey and grey-brown bark which is rough and fissured. The
branches are slender, relatively short and horizontally spreading; the branchlets
are pendulous, shining orange-brown or purplish brown becoming grey in the
second or third year. The symmetrical cones are very freely produced and vary
in length from 3-4.5 cm. and in color from reddish when young to violet-purple
at maturity, afterwards changing to grey-brown or grey. The bracts although
varying considerably in size and shape are always exserted, erect, and usually
long-acuminate. The seeds ripen the end of June or early in July. With its sym-
metrical habit, weeping branchlets and pale, often greyish, green foliage this
Larch is a decidedly handsome and striking tree. Colloquially it is known as the
" Hung-sha " (Red Fir), and the wood is esteemed the most valuable of all timber
in western Szech'uan for general construction work.

Purdom's No. 404, from the type locality of L. chinensis Beissner, removes all
doubt of the identity of that species with L. Potaninii. The species of Larch col-
lected in southern Shensi by David (Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s^r. 2,
VII. 97 {PI. David. 1. 287) (1884), must also be referred to L. Potaninii.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 177, 193, 195, 229, 232 of the col-
lection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos.
279-285.

Larix Mastersiana Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 10-20-metralis, trunco 0.3-0.75 m. diam., cortice cinereo-
brunneo, irregulariter fisso; rami primarii satis longi, horizontaliter

20 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

patentes; ramuli penduli, annotini obsCure pallide flavo-brunnei,
glabri; homotini initio sparse pubescentes; gemmae brachyblasticae
ovatae, obtusae, avellaneae, nitidulae, basi pilis pallidis circumdatae.
Folia fascieulata, 25-40 v. plura, laete viridia, linearia,. supra medium
paulo latiora, basim versus sensim angustata, apice acuta v. acutiuscula
leviter incrassata, margine leviter recurva, 1.2-3.5, plerumque 2-3
cm. longa, circiter quater latiora quam crassa, utrinque carinata,
subtus fasciebus 2 stomatiferis leviter glaucescentibus, epidermide
leviter papillosa, hypodermide supra contigua, subtus tantum sub
carina et marginem versus evoluta, endodermide ovali, fascicule
vasculari cellulis sclerenchymaticis instructo. Strobili numerosi,
breviter pedunculati, erecti, maturitate brunnei, 3-4 cm. longi; brac-
teae persistentes, triangulari-ovatae, squamis longiores, reflexae,
sensim in cuspidem attenuatae, rarius leviter contractae, 10-14 mm.
longi, 6-7 mm. lati; squamae numerosae, reniformi-orbiculares,
rotundatae v. leviter truncatae, integrae, 6-9 mm. longae et 9-12 mm.
latae; semina obovoidea, 2-2.5 mm. longa, alis obovatis rotundatis
V. obtusiusculis 6-8 mm. longis nitidulis brunneis.

Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, on the Niu-tou-shan,
alt. 2600-3300 m., June 21, 1908, seeds ripe (No. 906, in part, type);
west of Kuan Hsien, lower slopes of the Pan-lan-shan, sides of streams,
alt. 2000-3300 m., common, June and July 1908 (No. 906, in part);
west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 2500-3500 m.,
October 1910 (No. 4730).

This new Larch is closely related to L. Griffithii Hooker f . & Thomson, which is
distinguished chiefly by its very much larger cones 5-8 cm. long, with larger bracts
abruptly cuspidate at the apex, and by the leaves which have a smooth, not papil-
lose epidermis and a continuous hypoderm.

Larix Potaninii Batalin, the only other and much more common Larch found
in western Szech'uan can be distinguished at once by its shining orange-brown
or purple-brown branchlets and by the violet-purple color of its ripe cones with
shorter, erect bracts. The habit is also less spreading and more pendulous than that
of L. Mastersiana and in this respect L. Potaninii more closely resembles L. Grif-
fithii. These three species of Larch with the north-west American species L. occi-
dentalis Nuttall, and L. Lyallii Parlatore, form a well-marked section of the genus,
distinguished by the relatively large cones with exserted bracts. In L. Potaninii,
L. occidentalis and L. Lyallii, the exserted part of the bract is erect; in L. Grif-
fithii and L. Mastersiana it is strongly recurved.

Larix Mastersiana is apparently a very local species and is known to us only
from the petty tribal state of Wassu, situated immediately west of the Min river
north of Kuan Hsien. In this small territory this Larch is abundant, but in 1908
and 1910 it was being rapidly cut in the more accessible districts. The timber is
esteemed for house building and general construction work and commands a high
price at Kuan Hsien. Fortunately the region is extremely precipitous and diffi-
cult of access and there is very little possibility of this interesting tree being ex-

PINACEAE. — PSEUDOLARIX 21

terminated. It is now in cultivation at the Arnold Arboretum and is in other
collections.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 126 in Wilson's collection of
photographs and in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 281.

Here may be added a note on a variety of L. dahurica Turczaninow collected in
Shansi by W. Purdom and by F. N. Meyer.

Larix dahurica Turczaninow, var. Principis Rupprechtii Rehder & Wilson, n. var.
Larix Princiyis Ru'p'prcchtii Mayr, Fremdl. Wald- u. Parkb. 309, fig. 94
(1906). — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 424, (1906).

Shansi: Wutai village, around temples, 1909, W. Purdom (Nos. 161, 161%
lei''); Wutaishan, over the pass, alt. 2600-3000 m., 1909, W. Purdom; without'
precise locality, alt. 2000 m., 1910, W. Purdom; Wutai-shan, " Tshai-ling-tse "
temple, February 25, 1908, F. N. Meyer (No. 22674). Chili: Weichang, 1909,
W. Purdom (No. 21; tree 20-25 m. tall, girth 2 m.), Weichang north and west,
1909, W. Purdom (Nos. 204, 246).

The typical form of L. Principis Rupprechtii Mayr as represented by the spec-
imens from Wutai-shan looks quite distinct from typical L. dahurica, but the spec-
imens from Weichang, together with others from Manchuria, Amurland and
Korea form a series which gradually merge into typical L. dahurica. With L. si-
birica Ledebour with which it has been compared, it agrees only in the size of its
cones, but differs in their perfectly glabrous, more spreading and thinner scales not
incurved on the margin, truncate or (particularly in the Weichang specimens) even
emarginate at the apex, and in the more conspicuous bracts which are often,
particularly in the lower part of the cone, more than half as long as the scales;
in all these characters L. Principis Rupprechtii agrees with L. dahurica and it
seems therefore best to consider it a variety of this species, distinguished by the
more numerous scales. Purdom and also Meyer speak of this Larch as form-
ing forests on the northern slopes of Wutai-shan and in its neighbourhood where,
according to Meyer, the snow does not melt until well into May. In the Wei-
chang region Purdom remarks that this tree is now becoming very scarce.

We are not able to distinguish from typical L. dahurica the L. Cajanderi Majr
{Fremdl. Wald- u. Parkb. 297, fig. 88 (1906)).

PSEUDOLARIX Gord.

Pseudolarix Kaempferi Gordon, Pinetum, 292 (1858), excludendo
synonymo Pinus Kaempferi. — Masters in Gard. Chron. n. ser., XXI.
584, figs. 112, 113 (1884); in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXII. 208, fig. 32, t. 9,
10 (pro parte) (1887). — Patschke in Bat. Jahrb. XL VIII. 655 (1913).

Abies Kaempferi Lindley in Gard. Chron. 1854, 255, 455, fig., excludendo
synonymo, non Lindley in Penny Cycl. I. 34 (1833) ; in Gard. Chron. 1855,
644, fig. — Fortune in Gard. Chron. 1855, 242; 1860, 170; Residence among
Chinese, 274, fig. (1857). — Murray in Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. II. 643,
fig. 172-182 (1862); Pines and Firs Jap. 97, fig. (1863).

Larix Kaempferi Carriere in Fl. des Serr. XI. 97 (1856). — Franchet &
Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 466 (1875), quoad plantam chinensem. —
Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s4r. 2, VII. 96 {PI. David. I. 286)
(1884).

Larix amabilis Nelson, Pinac. 84 (1866).

22 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Pinus Kaempferi Parlatore in De CandoUe, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 412 (non Lam-
bert) (1868).

Pseudolarix Fortunei Mayr, Monog. Abiet. Jap. 99 (1890). — Masters in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXVI. 557 (1902); XXXVII. 424 (1906). — ^yilson in Gard.
Chron. ser. 3, XLII. 344 (1907). — Hemsley in Bot. Mag. CXXXIV. t.
8176 (1908).

Laricopsis Kaempferi Kent in Veitch's Man. Conif. 404, figs. 105, 106 (1900).

Kiangsi: Kuling, alt. 1300 m., not common, August 1, 1907 (No.
1742; tree 4-12 m. tall).

This remarkable tree reaches the western limits of its distribution on the
Lushan range in the Kiangsi province where it is rare and no large trees remain.
From this point it extends eastward to the neighbourhood of Ningpo where For-
tune discovered it. The first mention of the tree in western writings is found in
Barrow's Travels in China, 536 (1804) where, speaking of the country south of
the Poyang lake (Kiangsi province), he says " the mountains between which the
river was hemmed in were covered with forests of the larch fir." No true larch is
known from this region and Barrow's tree cannot be any other than the Pseu-
dolarix.

The Chinese name for this tree is " Kin-ye-sung " (Golden-leaved Pine) and
refers to the autumn color of the leaves. It is perfectly clear that Lindley, in de-
scribing this tree from Fortune's material as Abies Kaempferi, thought he was
dealing with the " Larix conifera " etc., of Kaempfer {Amoen. 883), a plant which
Endlicher {Synop. Conif. 130) in 1847 referred to Abies leptolepis Siebold &
Zuccarini. This mistake, however, cannot invalidate Gordon's specific name for
Fortune's tree, since there is no older name to replace it.

PICEA Link.

Sect. I. EupiCEA Willk.

I Picea asperata Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 419 (1906). —
Beissner, Handh. Nadelholzk. 256 (1909). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrh.
XLVIII. 633 (1913).

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, forests,
alt. 2000-3300 m., June 1908 and October 1910 (Nos. 2080, 4046,
4047; tree 15-25 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-
shan, forests, alt. 2600-3800 m., October 1910 (No. 4066; tree 15-
35 m. tall, girth 1.5-3 m.); Sungpan Ting, forests, alt. 2500-3500 m.,
abundant, August and October 1910 (Nos. 4731, 4061; tree 10-35 m.
tall, girth 1-3 m.); same locality, August 1903 (Veitch Exped. No.
3025, type).

This is the common quadrangular-leaved spruce of northwestern Szech'uan,
and is more especially abundant in the department of Sungpan Ting where exten-
sive forests of this species occur. In general appearance it closely resembles the

PINACEAE. — PICEA 23

Picea Abies Karsten. In mature trees the horizontally spreading branches are
slightly decurved but upturned at the ends. Old trees are very spire-Uke in ap-
pearance. The bark is greyish-chestnut and rough, and peels off in thin irregularly
shaped flakes. The young shoots are pale yellowish-grey, often slightly pruinose,
and change to brown and finally to grey. The degree of pubescence on the shoots
varies considerably and the peg-like petioles may be ascending-spreading, spread-
ing or recurved. The cones vary from 8-12 cm. in length, are fawn-grey when
ripe changing to shining chestnut-brown with age, and are retained on the tree
for six months or so after they are mature. The cone-scales exhibit considerable
variation in shape, being either rounded, or even slightly truncate, to rhombic at
the summit. The winter buds are the same in all the specimens, being conical,
and often much swollen at base. The bud-scales are thin, loosely imbricated,
free, inclined to be recurved at the summit. Although the variation in different
characters is considerable, yet with abundant material before us we cannot dis-
tinguish more than one species among the numbers cited. The timber resembles
that of the Picea Abies and is esteemed for general building purposes in the region
where the tree grows. Some of the trees are very glaucous in appearance, hence
the colloquial name " Yiin sha " (Cloudy Fir). Pictures of this tree will be
found under Nos. 0289, 0303, 0308, 0314, 0318, 0327 of the collection of Wil-
son's photographs.

Picea asperata, var. notabilis Rehder & Wilson, n. var,
A typo recedit foliis majoribiis 12-20 mm. longis, strobilis 9-12 cm.
longis, squamis praesertim inferioribus rhombico-ovatis, apicem versus
attenuatis et paullo productis apice interdum leviter emarginatis.

Western Szech'uan: v^^est of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, forests,
alt. 2600-3800 m., June 1908 and October 1910 (Nos. 206S, type;
4067; tree 15-35 m. tall, girth 1.5-3 m.); Chiu-ting-shan, east of
Mao-chou, open country, alt. 2000-2500 m., May and October 1908
(No. 973; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.).

This variety differs from the type chiefly in the shape of the scales which are
more or less rhombic-ovate in outline and gradually narrowed toward the apex,
or sometimes abruptly contracted at the apex, not rounded, except the upper
scales which are sometimes rounded. The scales resemble in shape somewhat
those of P. montigena Masters, but differ in color and texture. In No. 973 the
scales are less elongated and the cones somewhat larger.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 142 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and in his Vegetaiion of Wester7i China, No. 340.

Picea asperata, var. ponderosa Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit cortice crassiore brunneo-cinereo, ramulis glabris
v. fere glabris luteis, pulvinis tumidioribus apice supra petiolum
producto acuto, strobilis majoribus 12-14 cm. longis.

Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, forests,
alt. 3000-3300 m., October 1910 (No. 4068; tree 25-35 m. tall).

This handsome variety is remarkable for its large cones which in size rival
those of P. morinda Link.

24 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Picea heterolepis Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 6-25-metralis, trunco 0.3-0.6 m. diam.; rami horizontaliter
patentes; ramuli juniores fulvi v. fusco-brunnei, nitiduli, glabri,
vetustiores cinerascentes; pulvini rhombici v. lineares, apice saltern
in ramis robustioribus supra petiolum producti, obtusi et turgidi,
petiolis patentibus v. in ramis robustioribus reflexis 1-1.5 mm. longis,
cicatricibus quadrangularibus; gemmae elongato-ovatae, flavo-brun-
neae, resinosae, perulis laxe adpressis apice obtusis revolutis persisten-
tibus. Folia undique subaequaliter patentia, linearia, quadrangu-
laria, crassa, leviter falcata, saepe glaucescentia, subito spinoso-
acuminulata, 1-2 cm. longa, fasciebus stomatiferis 4 e seriebus stoma-
tum 3-5 compositis. Strobili oblongo-cylindrici, pallide fulvo-brunnei,
vix nitentes, 9-14 cm. longi et 3-4 cm. diam., decidui 6-8 menses
post maturitatem; bracteae oblongo-obovatae et apice triangulari-
acutae v. lineari-lanceolatae, 5-6 mm. longae; squamae rigidae,
cuneato-obovatae v. rhombico-obovatae, apicem versus sensim an-
gustatae et apice ipso profunde emarginata v. bifidae, tantum squamae
summae rotundatae et integrae, leviter striatae, sub maturitate erecto-
patentes; semina alis anguste oblongo-obovatis v. oblongo-obovatis,
circiter 15 mm. longis et 4.5-7 mm. latis apice rotundatis quam
squamae triente brevioribus pallide fulvo-brunneis, testa atrobrunnea
sparse puberula.

Western Szech'uan: Mao-chou, woodlands and open country,
alt. 1600-2500 m., October 1910 (No. 4064).

This new Spruce is characterized by its bright orange brown, glabrous shoots,
elongated buds with loosely imbricated reflexed bud-scales and by the bilobed nearly
rhombic-obovate cone-scales. It is most closely related to P. asperata Masters,
which grows in the same region and has pubescent, duller colored shoots, conical
winter-buds with much less loosely imbricated and scarcely reflexed bud-scales
and entire, rounded, obovate cone-scales. The bilobed cone-scales are very re-
markable and a constant character in the numerous specimens before us which
were collected from different trees.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 0336 in the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

, Picea gemmata Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 20-40-metralis, trunco 0.5-1 m. diam., cortice griseo v. griseo-
brunneo fisso et in lamellas satis tenues irregulares soluto; rami hori-
zontaliter patentes; ramuli pallide fulvi, dense hirtello-villosi, tomento
per plures annos persistente, vetustiores cinereo-brunnei v. grisei, ad
bases innovationum incrassati; pulvini tumidi, rhombici v. oblongi, in
ramis robustioribus apice supra petiolum erecto-patentem circiter

PINACEAE. PICEA 25

1 mm. longum hirtellum product! et acuti, cicatricibus quadrangulari-
bus; gemmae conicae, crassae, acutiusculae, pallide flavo-brunneae,
resinosae, perulis interioribus ovatis acutis v. obtusiusculis apice laxe
adpressis, infimis foliaceis crassis rigidis acuminatis dorso hirtellis.
Folia linearia, quadrangularia, erecto-patentia, 6-18, plerumque
8-15 mm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata, recta v. curvata, subito acuminata,
pungentia, ea ramulorum robustiorum fere lanceolata, subadpressa, ad
basim gemmorum sensim in perulas dorso hirtellas mutata, fasciebus
stomatiferis 4 e seriebus stomatum 4-6 compositis. Strobili oblongo-
cylindrici, apice attenuata, 8-12 cm. longi et 3.5 cm. diam., fulvo brun-
nei, nitidi; bracteae ovato-lanceolatae, acutae v. obtusae, denticulatae,
4-5 mm. longae; squamae adpressae, maturitate erecto-patentes,
firmae, coriaceae, rotundato-obovatae, apice rotundatae, obsolete
erosae, basi late cuneatae, circiter 1.8 cm. longae et latae; semina alis
oblongo-obovatis, 10-15 mm.longis pallide brunneis, testa atrobrunnea
puberula.

Western Szech'uan: northeast of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan,
forests, alt. 3300-3600 m., October 1908 (No. 2067).

This new Spruce is distinguished by its densely hairy shoots, relatively short,
very pungent leaves, and smooth, shining cones with broad, rounded scales.
The leaves subtending the winter-buds show a complete transition into bud-
Bcales and are remarkable in being distinctly hairy on the outer surface. This
new species is most closely related to P. asperata Masters, which differs chiefly
in its pale yellow-grey, often pruinose, much less hairy and often glabrescent
shoots, in its fawn-grey to chestnut-brown cones with less broad, usually rhombic
scales, and to a lesser degree in its bark which is greyish chestnut and peels off
in thin flakes. The scales of the winter-buds are also more loosely appressed and
often somewhat recurved at the apex of the bud.

Picea retroflexa Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 420
(1906). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 632 (1913).

Descriptioni originali adde: Arbor 10-45-metralis, cortice tenui
cinereo in lamellas tenues satis magnas soluto et corticem interiorem
pallide fulvum v. roseo-fulvum detegente; gemmae conicae, acuti-
usculae, perulis membranaceis laxe adpressis persistentibus. Folia
spiraliter disposita, patentia. linearia, quadrangularia, 1-2.5 cm. longa,
circiter 1 mm. diam., subito acuminata, pungentia, fasciebus stomati-
feris 4 e seriebus stomatum 5-7 compositis. Strobili bracteae lan-
ceolatae, acutae, 6 mm. longae; semina alis 1.5 cm. longis oblique
oblongo-obovatis pallide brunneis nitentibus, testa atrobrunnea
minute puberula.

Western Szech'uan: northeast of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan,

O. H. HILL LIBRARY

North Carolina State College

26 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

forests, alt. 3000-4000 m., June and July 1908 (Nos. 2074, 2065; tree
10-45 m. tall, girth 1-4 m.) ; west and southwest of Tachien-lu, woods
and forests, alt. 3000-3500 m., October 1910 (No. 4083; tree 20-30 m.
tall, girth 1.5-2.5 m.); same locality, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
3029^).

This is a very common Spruce in the neighborhood oT Tachien-lu and one of
the principal constituents of the upland forests in that region.^ In general appear-
ance it resembles the Picea Abies Karsten, but it is often very glaucous. The bark
of adult trees is grey and peels off in thin plates of irregular size and shape and
exposes a dun-coloured layer below. The shoots are glabrous or very rarely slightly
hairy, usually golden yellow, very seldom " fusco-aurantiaci " as described by
Masters, and change to grey the third or fourth year. The cone is symmetrical,
pale, shining brown becoming darker with age and is retained on the tree for nearly
a year after the seeds have dispersed. The cone-scales are rounded or rhombic
erect-spreading and always fetriated. It is unfortunate that Masters founded this
species mainly on cones which, as he himself suspected, were malformed through
an infestation of a common fungus, Pleosporopsis strobilorum. Masters cites No.
3030^, but in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum the number referable to his
P. reflexa is No. 3029^.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 169, 170, 171 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 342, 343.

Picea aurantiaca Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 420 (1906). —
Beissner, Handb. Nadelholzk. ed. 2. 257 (1909). — Patschke in Bot.
Jahrh. XLVIII. 632 (1913).

Western Szech'uan: neighborhood of Tachien-lu, Cheto-shan,
forests and open country, alt. 2600-3800 m., July and October 1908,
October 1910 (Nos. 2058, 2069, 4081; tree 10-25 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.);
same locality, a.t. 3000-4000 m. July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3029,
type).

This is a rather local species so far known only from the regions to the west
and southwest of Tachien-lu. Adult trees are very spire-like in appearance and
but sparingly branched. The bark is very distinct being pale grey, almost white,
in color, rough and exfoliating in relatively thin, irregularly oblong plates. The
young shoots vary from deep orange to dull orange, and are of ten slightly pruinose ;
they became greyish the fourth or fifth year. The ripe cones are from 11-12 cm.
long, very symmetrical, dull cinnamon-brown passing to shining chestnut-brown
with broad, rounded, sub-coriaceous slightly erose scales, and fall from the tree a
month or so after they have shed the seeds.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 230 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 348.

Picea Neoveitchii Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIII. 116, fig.
50, 51 (1903); in Jour. Bot. XLI. 270 (1903); in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXXVII. 421 (1906). — Beissner in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XII.
68 (1903); Handh. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 249 (1909). — Mayr, Fremdl.

PINACEAE. — PICEA 27

Wald- u. Parkh. 332 (1906). — Patschke in BoL Jahrh. XLVIII. 633
(1913).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 1800 m., very-
rare, June 1907 (No. 2054; tree 8-15 m. tall, 1-1.5 m. girth).

This very rare tree is only known to us from a few specimens of medium size
growing on steep cliffs in the northeastern part of the district of Hsing-shan. The
habit is pyramidal, the branches being rather short and ascending-spreading and
densely clothed with dark green pungent leaves. The dark 'grey bark is rather
rough and exfoliates in small, thin, irregular-shaped flakes.

Picea Watsoniana Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. ^iq-^-"^^-^^
(1906). — Beissner, Haridb. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 256 (1909). —Patschke
in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 632 (1913).

Picea Maximowiczii Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 554 (1902), quoad
specimen chinense, non Regel.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2300 m.,
May and June 1907 (No. 2051; tree 10-20 m. tall); Fang Hsien,
Qiountains, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2411, seed No. 1309);
same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 6763, 6823). Western Szech'uan:
Sungpan Ting, woods, alt. 2200-3300 m., August 1903 (Veitch Exped.
No. 3023, type). Shensi: Tai-pei-shan, south side, alt. 2600 m.,
rare, W. Purdom (No. 673).

This tree is fairly common on the mountains of northwestern Hupeh between
1600 and 2500 m. altitude and also in northwestern Szech'uan. It is a shapely
and rather small tree with slender horizontally disposed branches of more or less
equal length from the base to the top of the tree and densely clothed with very
narrow, pungent, dark green leaves. The cones are small and fall from the tree
soon after they are ripe. It is most closely related to P. Wilsonii Masters, which
grows in the same region in Hupeh but this species is an altogether much larger
tree, with stouter, shorter, more decidedly 4-angled leaves marked by broader
more conspicuous stomatiferous bands, and larger cones which are abundantly
produced and persist on the tree for a year after they are ripe.

A picture of P. Watsoniana Masters, will be found under Nos. OSO, 0134 of the
collection of Wilson's photographs.

Picea Wilsonii Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIII. 133, fig.
55, 56 (1903); in Jour. Bot. XLI. 270 (1903); in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXXVII. 421 (1906). — Beissner in Mitt. Deutsch. Dend. Ges. XII.
69 (1903); in Handb. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 248 (1909). — Mayr, Fremdl.
Wald.-u. Parkh. 339 (1906). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 632
(1913).

Picea M aster sii Mayr, Fremdl. Wald.- u. Parkh. 328, fig. 105, 106, 107 (1906). —
Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 421 (1906).

28 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, forests and open country, alt.
2000-2600 m., May, June and July" 1907 (Nos. 2053, 2087; tree 6-
25 m. tall, 1-2 m. girth); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, 2000-2500 m.,
June 1910 (No. 3817; tree 10-20 m. tall, 1-1.5 m. girth). Fang Hsien,
woodlands and steep country, alt. 2300-2600 m.. May and July 1901
(Veitch Exped. Nos. 1897, 1897''). Shansi: Wutai-shan, " Pei-san-
tse " temple, alt. 2000-2300 m., 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 22671); same
locality 1909, W. Purdom (No. 145).

This Spruce is fairly common on the higher ranges of northwestern Hupeh.
It forms a shapely pyramidal tree with short, dense horizontally spreading branches.
The shoots are very pale, quite glabrous and shining, becoming pale grey or almost
white the second year. The winter-buds are ovoid with poUshed dark brown
scales. The cones are very freely produced and remain on the tree for a year or
more after they are ripe. The specimens from Wutai-shan have slightly stouter
leaves than the type, but otherwise are identical. Judging from Mayr's remarks
it is probable that he had loose cones of P. Meyeri Rehder & Wilson as well as
shoots with cones attached of P. Wilsonii Masters when establishing his P.
Mastersii.

Pictures of this tree will be found under No. 097 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Here may be added two Chinese species of this section, not collected during
the Arnold Arboretum expeditions.

Arbor mediocris (ex Meyer) ; ramuli juniores fulvi v. cinnamomei, hirtello-villosi,
saepius dense, tomento per plures annos persistente, rarius glabrescentes, vetus-
tiores cinerei; pulvini trapezoidei v. lineares, tumidi, apice obtusi, vix supra
petiolum producti, petiolis hirtellis patentibus v. erecto-patentibus, 1-2 mm.
longis; gemmae ovoideae v. conicae, acutiusculae, resinosae, perulis avellaneis
adpressis nitidulis, infimis gemmarium robustiorum acutis et dorso breviter hir-
telhs. Folia quadrangularia, leviter compressa, in ramis lateralibus basi torta et
manifeste sursum curvata, subobtusa, 8-20 mm. longa, glauco-viridia, fasciebus
stomatiferis 4 e seriebus stomatum 5-8 compositis. Strobili oblongo-cylindrici,
acutiusculi, bnmnei, nitidi, 6-7 cm. longi, post maturitatem diu persistentes ;
bracteae spatulatae, apice triangulares et obtusae v. rotundatae, 5-6 mm. longae;
squamae sub maturitate patentes, obovato-cuneatae, 12-15 mm. longae et latae,
apice rotundatae v. truncatae; semina alls obovato-oblongis apice rotundatis,
10-11 mm. longis, testa atrobrunnea puberula.

Shansi: Wutai-shan, temple of "Tchai-ling-tse," Feb. 25, 1908, F. N. Meyer
(No. 22672, type); Wutai-shan, alt. 3000 m., 1910, W. Purdom (No. 144).
Kansu: Tao-chan Ting, 1911, W. Purdom (No. 790); Choni, 1911, W. Purdom
(No. 813).

This quadrangular-leaved Spruce is characterized by its hairy shoots, curved
non-pungent leaves, and medium-sized symmetrical cones with rounded or truncate
scales. It is most closely related to P. gemmata Rehder & Wilson, which has sim-
ilarly hairy shoots, more densely hairy buds, very pungent leaves and larger cones
with much broader scales. It is also related to P. asperata Masters, which has
paler, more yellow, less pubescent shoots, slightly pungent leaves, larger cones with

PINACEAE. — PICE A 29

rhombic scales paler in color and winter-buds with more loosely appressed and
more recurved scales. The shoots in P. Meyeri show great variat ion in degree of
pubescence, and this is not constant from year to year on the same branch. One
year a shoot may be densely pubescent and the next year the new shoot on the
same branch almost glabrous.

Picea Schrenkiana Fischer & Meyer in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, X. 253
(1842). — Kegel in Act. Hort. Petrop. VI. pt. 2, 485 (1880). — Clinton-Baker, III.
Conif. II. 48, t. (1909). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 766 (1913).

Picea orientalis, |3. longifolia Lebebour, Fl. Ross. Ill, 671 (1846-1851).

Pinus Schrenkiana Antoine, Conif. 97 (1847).

Abies Schrenkia?ia Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. V. 212
(1850). — Maximowicz in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 58 (1879).—
Kanitz in Novell. Gyiijit. Szechenyi, II. 848 (PI. Enum. 64) (1891).

Picea obovata Schrenkiana Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. 2, 338 (1867). — Mas-
ters mJour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 506 (1881); XXVI. 554 (1902). — Pritzel
in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 217 (1900).

Pinus obovata, /3. Schrenkiana Parlatore in De CandoUe, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2,
415 (1868).

Abies Smithiana Herder in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XLI. pt. 1. 423 {Enum.
PI. Semenov.) (non Forbes) (1868).

Picea tianschanica Ruprecht in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, s6t. 7, XIV.
No. IV. 72 {Sert. Tianschan.) (1869).

Pinus abies, f. schrenkiana Voss in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XVI. 93 (1907).

Northern Chili: Weichang west, south & northeast, alt. 1300 m., W. Purdom
(Nos. 202, 203, 100); south of Jehol, 1909, W. Purdom (No. 205). Kansu:
Choni, 1911, W. Purdom (No. 813); " Lotani," 1911, W. Purdom (No. 806); Tow
River, 1911, W. Purdom (No. 790).

Apparently common in these regions.

Sect. II. Casicta Mayr.

Picea purpurea Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 418 (1906) ;
in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. IV. 109 (1907). — Beissner, Handb. Nadel-
holzk. ed. 2, 288 (1909). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 632
(1913).

Western Szech'uan: Sungpan Ting, forests, alt. 3000-3600 m.,
August and October 1910. (Nos. 4062, 4059, 4063); same locality-
August 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3026, type). Kansu: Taochau
Ting, 1911, W. Purdom (No. 815).

This handsome and remarkable Spruce is abundant in the forests round Sung-
pan. Young trees are pyramidal in outhne, but old trees have wide-spreading,
thick, horizontally disposed branches and massive trunks. The small violet-
purple cones are very distinct with cone-scales abruptly contracted above the
middle and acute or merely rhombic, truncate or erose. The bark is dark grey and
fissured into rather thin, scaly flakes. The timber is brownish, close-grained,
resinous and much-esteemed for building purposes.

Pictures of this tree and of the cones will be found under Nos. 0294, 0301, 0315,
0316, 0323 of the collection of Wilson's photographs.

30 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Picea Balfouriana Rehder & Wilson, n, sp.

Arbor 15-40-metralis, trunco 0.3-1 m. diam. procero, cortice
cinereo, subtus pallide fulvo, profunde in lamellas crassas irregulares
fisso; rami satis breves, horizontaliter patentes; ramuli dense villosi
tomento ad tertium annum persistente, juniores flavidi v. pallide
flavo-cinerei, vetustiores cinerei; pulvini leviter turgidi, oblongi,
apice obtusi, petiolis plus minusve villosis circiter 1 mm. longis
patentibus v. erecto-patentibus, cicatricibus transverse rhombicis v.
fere triangularibus; gemmae late ovatae v. conicae, obtusae, leviter
resinosae, perulis arete adpressis castaneis v. avellaneis nitidulis
persistentibus. Folia spiraliter disposita, linearia, quadrangularia,
compressa, recta v. leviter curvata, utrinque carinata, subacuta v.
obtusa, rarissime pungentia, 8-15 mm. longa et 1.5 mm. lata, supra
utrinsecus stomatum seriebus 4-7, dorso utrinsecus stomatum seriebus
1-4. Strobili ovato- v. ovali-oblongi, violaceo-purpurei, squamis
extus ad apicem brunnescentibus, 5-9, plerumque 6-8 cm. longi,
decidui 6-8 menses post maturitatem, squamis infimis cum re-
dunculo in ramo remanentibus; bracteae ovatae, acutae, circiter 2.5
mm. longae; squamae flexiles striatae, erecto-patentes, rhombico-
ovatae, 2-2.5 cm. longae et 1.3-1.5 cm. latae, infra medium latissimae,'
saepe infra apicem contractae et productae, supra medium erosae et
plerumque plus minus laciniatae et undulatae, basi late cuneatae v.
subito contractae et interdum leviter auriculatae; semina alls obo-
vatis circiter 1 cm. longis vix dimidiam squamam aequantibus
nitidis brunneis purpureo-punctulatis, testa cinereo-brunnea minute
puberula.

Western Szech' u an: west of Tachien-lu, Orangche, forests,
alt. 3600^000 m., October 1910 (No. 4080, type); northeast of
Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan, forests, alt. 3300-4000 m., July 1908 (No.
2055, 2059); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, forests, alt. 3300-
3600 m., October 1910 (No. 4065).

This new Spruce is one of the tallest of the Chinese species. The trunk is mast-
like with short, spreading branches giving a spire-like appearance to the tree.
The species is characterized by its thick, deeply furrowed bark, densely villose
shoots, compressed leaves obscurely stomatiferous on the dorsal surface, violet-
purple cones with membranous, flexible cone-scales rhombic-ovate in shape,
elongated in the upper half where they are undulate, laciniate or erose, and
ascending-spreading in the open cone.

It is most closely related to P. purpurea Masters, which has a thicker and more
massive trunk, stouter more wide-spreading branches and becomes flat-headed
in old individuals; it has more flattened, shorter and straight leaves, and much
smaller cones with scales often abruptly elongated above the middle and acute.

PINACEAE. — PICE A

31

No. 2059 has abnormal looking conea probably due to having been frozen before
they were ripe. In No. 4065 the cones are rather small and the leaves longer
than usual and somewhat pungent. In general appearance this number suggests
P. purpurea Masters.

Picca Balfour iana has a very extensive altitudinal range and west of Tachicn-lu
is the most alpine of all the species. The wood is resinous close-grained, easily
worked and the timber is highly valued for general construction purposes.

Pictures of this tree will be found under No. 201 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 346.

This species is named for Mr. F. R. S. Balfour a lover and enthusiastic planter
of trees on his estate at Dawyck, Scotland, as a slight return for his substantial
assistance to the Arboretum in its second Wilson Expedition to China.

Picea likiangensis Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 217 (1900).—
Masters in Jowr. Linn. Soc.XX.Yl. 554 (1902); XXXVII .418 (1906).—
Beissner, Handb. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 249 (1909). — Patschke in Bot.
Jahrh. XLVIII. 632, fig. 1, 6 (1913).

Abies Wdangensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 257 (1899).
Picea Alcockiana Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 418 (non Carriere)
(1906).

Western Szech'uan: west of Tachien-lu, Cheto-shan, wood-
lands and open country, alt. 3600-4000 m., July and October 1908
(Nos. 2o6i, 2063; tree 8-25 m. tall, girth 0.6-3 m.); same locality,
alt. 3300-4600 m., June and October 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3028,
seed Nos. 1834, 1836). Yunnan: Likiang, alt. 2500., July 1884,
J. M. Delavay (No. 1031, type).

This Spruce is a common species west of Tachien-lu and is usually a medium-
sized tree, from 15 to 20 m. tall. In favorable localities it grows to 35 m. tall with
a rather slender mast-hke trunk. The branches are long, relatively slender and
spreading with the ends of the shoots ascending. The species is characterized by
its pale yellow-grey sparsely hairy young shoots, prominently keeled, somewhat
compressed leaves, and by its cones. with soft, flexible scales, somewhat undulate
and denticulate above the middle and horizontally spreading in the ripe cone.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 224 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 347.

Picea likiangensis, var. rubescens Rehder & Wilson, n. var. - . '
A typo differt ramulis fulvescentibus v. rubescentibus foliis bre-

vioribus et crassioribus strobili squamis tenuioribus magis purpur-

ascentibus, paullo longioribus et angustioribus.

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu and the neighborhood, forests

and open country, alt. 3000-4100 m., June and October 1908 (Nos.

2057, type, 2064) ; northeast of Tachien-lu, forests, alt. 3300-4000 m.,

July 1908 (No. 2066).

32 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This variety differs from the type in the shorter, stouter leaves, more elongate
and more purple cone-scales and in the somewhat darker more fulvous or pinkish
branchlets. In the texture and shape of the cone-scales it approaches somewhat
P. Balfouriana Rehder & Wilson, which has narrower scales, contracted above
the middle, wavy incised, and more purple in color; the leaves also are longer and
more slender. Picea montigena Masters, differs in its cinnamon colored cones with
very minutely erose or sometimes almost entire scales.

This variety is a common tree round Tachien-lu and in general appearance
and habit resemble the type. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 187
188, 191 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of
Western China, Nos. 344, 345.

^ Picea hirtella Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

— Arbor 8-16-metralis, trimco 0.3-0.6 m. diam.; rami elongati,
horizontaliter patentes; ramuli graciles, arniotini pallide flavi, dense
tomento hirtulo ad tertium annum persistente vestiti, vetustiores
cinerei; pulvini lineares, apice acuti, petiolis infra apicem divergen-
tibus erecto-patentibus v. patenti-ascendentibus rufescentibus, cica-
tricibus quadrangularibus v. fere orbicularibus; perulae gemmarum
basin innovationum cingentibus arete adpressis. Folia spiraliter
disposita, patentia, linearia, fere recta v. basi leviter curvata, com-
pressa, utrinque carinata, 1-2 cm. longa et 1-2 mm. lata, dorso ob-
scure viridia utrinsecus seriebus stomatum indistinctis et paucis
notata, ventre fasciebus 2 glaucescentibus stomatiferis ornatae e
seriebus stomatum 4-6 compositis. Strobili ovato-oblongi v. ovoideo-
cylindrici, 5.5-8 cm. longi, pallide flavo-brunnei, nitiduli, decidui
squamis basalibus in ramo remanentibus, squamis patenti-ascen-
dentibus; bracteae lanceolatae, 3-4 mm. longae; squamae flexiles,
late ovatae v. rhombico-ovatae, 12-20 mm. longae et 10-15 latae,
extus striatae, intus purpurascentes, apicem obtusum v. rotundatum
versus sensim angustatae et minute eroso-denticulatae et leviter un-
dulatae, basi late cuneatae; semina alls dimidiam squamam vix su-
perantibus.

Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, forests,
alt. 3600-4100 m., June 1908 (No. 2084, type) ; north-east of Tachien-
lu, Ta-p'ao-shan, forests, alt. 3000-3300 m., July 1908 (No. 2082).

This new species is most closely related to P. likiangensis Pritzel, from which
it is distinguished by its densely villose shoots, much less prominent petioles, more
compressed, longer and pungent leaves, rather different cones and larger, lanceo-
late bracts.

Picea hirtella is a rather rare tree with a relatively slender trunk, and short
thin branches forming a pyramidal head. The leaves are comparatively long and
the shining yellow-brown cones are particularly striking. In No. 2082 the cone-
Bcales are rather more attenuate at the summit than those of the type.

PINACEAE. — PICE A 33

The cone figured by Masters as that of his P. montigena appears to belong here.
A picture of this tree will be found under No. 167 of the collection of Wil-
son's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 341.

Picea montigena Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIX. 146,
fig. 56 (1906), descriptione et figura strobili maturi excludendis. —
Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 632 (1913).

Descriptio strobili maturi addenda: Strobili cylindrici, 7-10 cm.
longi, 3-4 cm. diam.,cinnamomei, nitiduli; squamae coriaceae, flexiles,
erectae, rhombico-ovatae, apice rotundatae, margine leviter erosae,
circiter 2 cm. longae et 1.5-1.7 cm. latae; semina alls squamam dimi-
diam aequantibus.

Western Szech'uan: west and south-west of Tachien-lu, alt.
3600-4000 m., rare, July and October 1908 (Nos. 2056, 2060, 2062,
4084; tree 16-30 m. tall, girth 2-4 m.); same locahty, alt. 3300 m.,
June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3027, type).

This fine Spruce is common in the neighbourhood of Tachien-lu. It has rela-
tively long, horizontally spreading branches upturned at the ends. Both primary
and lateral shoots are more or less setose, pale brown, becoming grey in their
second year. The winter-buds are ovoid, acutish and very resinous. The short,
stout leaves are scarcely if at all pungent, shining green and more or less glau-
cescent. The medium-sized, handsome, cinnamon-brown cones are very freely
produced and persist on the tree for fully a year after they are ripe.

A picture of this Spruce will be found under No. 233 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 349.

Owing to some confusion the mature cone figured by Masters (1. c.) does not
belong here, but apparently to P. hirtella Rehder & Wilson.

Sect. III. Omorica Mayr.

Picea brachytyla Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 216 (1900).—
Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 553 (1902). — Beissner, Handb.
Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 249 (1909). —Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII.
630 (1913).

Abies brachytyla Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 258 (1899), excludendo speci-

mine Delavayano.
Picea ajanensis Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 553 (non Fischer) (1902);

XXXVII. 418 (1906); in Jour. Bot. XLI. 269 (1903).
Picea Alcockiana Masters in Jour. Bot. XLI. 269 (non Carriere) (1903).
Picea pachyclada Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 630 (1913).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1600-2300
m., rare, May 1907, January 1909 (No. 2052; tree 12-20 m. tall,
2-3 m. girth) ; same locality, June 1900, October 1901 (Veitch Exped.

34 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

No. 1896, seed No. 1282); without locality, A. Henry (No. 6908).
Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 7074% 7157);
Cheng-kou Ting, P. Farges (No. 806, type).

Formerly this handsome, flat-leaved Spruce was very common in north-western
Hupeh between altitudes of 1600 and 2500 m., but it has been felled for lumber and
is now quite rare. It forms a medium-sized, open branched tree from 10 to 25 m.
tall, the principal branches are relatively long, horizontally spreading, but ascend-
ing at the extremities; the branchlets are pendulous. The bark is grey-brown,
becoming dark grey with age, rough and deeply fissured into thick, irregularly ob-
long plates. The pale dull brown colored cones are retained rarely a year after the
seeds are ripe. The species with which Masters confused this Spruce have
differently shaped cones with much thinner scales and do not occur in central or
western China. The specimen from Yunnan {Delavay No. 4129), referred by
Franchet to this species, probably belongs to P. complanata Masters.

A picture of this tree will be found under Nos. 608, 609, 701 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs and also in hi^ Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 338, 351.

Picea ascendens Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 632 (1913).

Western Szech'uan: in temple grounds, city, of Wen-chuan
Hsien, alt. 1300 m.. May 1908 (No. 2073; tree 13 m. tall, girth 2 m.);
same locality, and from same tree as the preceding number, August
21, 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3024,^ type) ; Pan-lan-shan, west of Kuan
Hsien, forests, alt. 2700-3200, June 1908 (Nos. 2071, 2072; trees 12-
26 m. tall, girth 1.20-4 m.); same locality, alt. 2500-3200 m., October
1910 (No. 4048=^; tree 18-25 m. tall); west and near Wen-ch'uan
Hsien, alt. 2500 m., October 1910 (No. 4050; tree 18-23 m. tall);
Tu-ti-Hang-shan, forests, alt. 2500-3000 m., October 1910 (No. 4050;
tree 10-30 m. tall, girth 1-3.25 m; colloquially "Me-tiao-sha")-

Picea ascendens is closely related to P . brachytyla Fritzel, but differs in its more
slender, sometimes hairy branchlets with less prominent pulvini, in its narrower
and longer leaves, and in the more slender cones with appressed scales slightly un-
dulate at the apex; from P. complanata Masters it is easily distinguished by its
rhombic cone-scales, truncate and usually emarginate at the apex.

In P. ascendens, the cone-scales are rhombic, rather pointed and erose. The
degree of pubescence on the shoots varies considerably in the material before us,
some of the specimens being almost glabrous, while others are densely setose.
This character is very inconstant but the stronger shoots are invariably the less
hairy. The ovoid, chestnut-brown winter-buds are very numerous and promi-
nent in this species, as they are in P. complanata Masters.

Picea ascendens is abundant on the mountains in the west of the Lungan pre-
fecture, and is the only member of the Omorika group found in that region. The
tree is pyramidal in habit with a mast-like trunk, horizontally-spreading branches
upturned at the ends, and clothed with long, whip-like, lateral pendant branchlets
which give it a distinct appearance. The wood is close-grained, almost white and

1 Patschke quotes No. 3034 (Herb. Kew) as the type of hie species, but in the
Arnold Arboretum Herbarium the number reads 3024.

PINACEAE. — PICE A 35

is esteemed for general building purposes and planking. The ripe cone is larger
than it is described by Patschke, being commonly from 10 to 15 cm. long.

A picture of this tree will be found under Nos. 119, 0302 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 339.

Picea complanata Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIX. 146, f
fig. 57 (1906). — Beissner, Handb. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 288 (1909).—
Bean in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1910, 174. — Patschke in Bot.
Jahrb. XLVIII. 632 (1913).

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, forests,
alt. 2300-3000 m., July and November 1908 (Nos. 2083, 2075; tree
20-26 m. tall, girth 2.5-3 m.); Mupin, forests, alt. 2000—2600 m.,
August and September 1908 (Nos. 2086, 2079; tree 10-20 m. tall,
girth 1-2.5 m.) ; near Wa-shan, woodlands and open country, alt. 2300
m., rare, September 1908 (No. 2081; tree 20 m. tall, girth 2 m.); same
locality, June 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3030, type in part, 3031);
south-east of Tachien-lu, open country and woodland, alt. 1600-
2300 m., July and October 1908 (Nos. 2077, 2076; tree 6-20 m. tall,
girth 1-2.5 m.) ; same locality, July and October 1903 (Veitch Exped.
No. 3032, type in part, seed No. 1530).

This is everywhere a rare species as far as our knowledge goes, although it occurs
scattered over a large area. The timber is highly valued and in consequence the
tree has been ruthlessly cut. In woods this Spruce is pyramidal and shapely in
habit, but in open country it is commonly round-headed. The weak, lateral shoots
are flagellate and pendent, but are comparatively short. As in P. ascendens
Patschke, and P. Sargentiana Rehder & Wilson, the shoots vary considerably in
the amount of their pubescence, and the stouter ones are frequently nearly or quite
glabrous. The cone-scales are broad and truncate or rounded at the summit and
this character best distinguishes this species from P. ascendens Patschke, which
has rhombic, subacute cone-scales. The bark of P. complanata is pale grey, firm
and comparatively smooth except on old trees on which it becomes dark grey and
breaks up into irregular patches which remain firmly attached to the trunk.

Like other Chinese species of the Omorika group this Spruce is colloquially
known as the " Me-tiao-sha." A picture of this tree will be found under Nos. 352,
353 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western
China, No. 350.

The specimen from Yunnan (" Ona-pen-K^su sur le Ma-eul-chan, 2500 m.")
collected by J. M. Delavay (No. 4129) on August 7, 1889, referred by Franchet
{Jour, de Bot. XIII. 258 (1899)) to his Ahies hrachtjtyla {Picea hrachytyla Pritzel)
of which we have seen a fragment, in all probability belongs to P. complanata.

Picea Sargentiana Rehder & Wilson, n. sp. __ p

Arbor 10-25-metralis, trunco 0.4-1 m. diam., cortice fusco-cinereo, ~
in lamellas tenues irregulares fisso; rami horizontaliter patentes,
leviter dependentes; ramuli hornotini brunneo-flavescentes, plus
minusve glandulis brevibus stipitatis vestiti praesertim in ramulis

36 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

tenuioribus, leviter pruinosi, annotini aurantiaci v. straminei; pulvini
leviter tumidi, rhombici, apice obtusi, infra apicem obtusum in petio-
lum brevem leviter recurvum producti; gemmae conspicuae, ovatae
V. ovato-conieae, acutiusculae, brunneae, perulis imbricatis persis-
tentibus basin ramulorum eingentibus. Folia spiraliter disposita,
sursum curvata, linearia, complanata, subacuta v. obtusa, 10-15 mm.
longa et 1.5-2 mm. lata, utrinque carinata, supra fasciebus 2 glaucis
latis stomatiferis, dorso nitida viridia. Strobili oblongo-cylindrici,
6-12 cm., plerumque 10 cm. longi, saepe parce resinosi et leviter
pruinosi, obscure cinnamomei, saepe persistentes per totum annum
post maturitatem; bracteae minutae, spathulatae apice rotundatae,
3 mm. longae; squamae lignosae, sub maturitate patentes, late cuneato-
obovatae, 2-2.3 cm. longae et 1.8-2 cm. latae, apice rotundatae v.
truncatae, rarissime medio paullo productae; semina alis obovatis
apice rotundatis 1.5-1.8 cm. longis nitidis pallide bruimeis, testa
brunnea puberula.

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, wood-
lands, alt. 2000-2500 m., October 1910, July 1908 (Nos. 4048, type,
2085) ; west of Kuan Hsien, Niu-tou-shan, forests, alt. 2600-3500 m.,
June 1908 (No. 2070); Mupin, forests, alt. 2600-3600 m., October
1908 (No. 2078).

The relatively short, broad leaves readily distinguish this Spruce from all other
Chinese species belonging to the Omorika group. It is most closely related to P.
complanata Masters, which has leaves up to 3 cm. long and 1 mm. wide, acute and
often pungent at the apex, rather longer petioles, long-acuminate bracts and a
more close, less fissured bark.

This new Spruce is locally quite common and, like its allied species, is collo-
quially known as " Me-tiao-sha." The wood is valued for planking and for general
construction purposes.

TSUGA Carr.

Tsuga yunnanensis Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 556 (1902). —
Beissner, Handb. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 83 (1909). — Patschke in Bot.
Jahrh. XLVIII. 639 (1913).

Abies dumosa, var. chinensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 258 (1899)

quoad specimina Delavayana.
Abies yunnanensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 258 (1899). — Bois in Bxdl.

Soc. Hort. France, s4r. 4, I. 231 (1900).

Western Szech'uan: west and near W^n-ch'uan Hsien, forests,
alt. 3000-3300 m., July 1908 (No. 2098, in part; tree 20-33 m. tall,

PINACEAE. — TSUGA 37

girth 2-6 m.); west of Kuan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 2600-3600 m., June
1908 (No. 2098, in part; tree 12-25 m. tall, girth 2-4 m.); south-east
of Tachien-lu, forests, alt. 2600-3300 m., common, July 1908 (No.
2098, in part; tree 20-50 m. tall, girth 2-4 m.); Wa-shan, forests, alt.
2600-3600 m., common, June and October 1908 (No. 2099; tree 10-
40 m. tall, girth 2-6 m.). Yunnan: near Mo-so-yu in woods at
Koutoni, January 1890, /. M. Delavay (No. 4618, type); in woods
at Peetsao-lo, alt. 2800, April 1886, J. M. Delavay.

This species is only known to us from Yunnan and western Szech'uan and is
much less widely distributed than T. chinensis Pritzel from which it is readily dis-
tinguished by its rufous-grey, more setulose shoots, narrower leaves rounded, not
emarginate at the apex and alwaj's very white on the underside, and by its smaller,
dull colored cones composed of fewer and thinner scales which are sUghtly re-
curved at the apex. The two species are very distinct. Tsuga yunnanensis is
closely related to the Himalayan T. dumosa Eichler, which has rather larger, more
pointed leaves, and slightly longer and more pointed cones.

Tsuga yunnanensis occurs on Mount Omei and is fairly common on Wa-shan and
south-east of Tachien-lu. It has usually more massive branches than T. chinensis
but is otherwise very similar. It bears the same colloquial name (Tieh-sha) and
the timber is used for the same purposes as that of T. chinensis.

A picture of T. yunnanensis will be found under No. 332 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs.

Tsuga chinensis Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 217 (1900).—
Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 556 (1902) ; XXXVII. 421 (1906).—
Beissner, Handh. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 82 (1909). — Patschke in Bot.
Jahrh. XLVIII. 639 (1913).

Abies thie-sha David, Jour, de Trois. Voy. I. 343 (nomen nudum) (1875).
Abies Tsuga Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s^r. 2. VII. 97 {PI. David.

I. 287) (non Siebold & Zuccarini) (1884).
Abies dumosa, var. chinensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 258 (1899), quoad

specimen Fargesianum.
Abies chinensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 259 (1899). — Bois in Bull.

Soc. Hort. France, s6r. 4, I. 230 (1900).
Tsuga dumosa, var. chinensis Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 217 (1900).
Tsuga Sieboldi Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 217 (non Carriere) (1900).—

Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 556 (1902); XXXVII. 421 (1906); in

Jour. Bot. XLI. 270 (1903).
Tsuga yunnanensis Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIX. 236, fig. 93 (pro

parte) (1906), non Masters in Jowr. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 556 (1902) i; XXXVII.

421 (1906). — Bean in Kew Bull. Misc. Injorm. 1910, 176.

^ The short description agrees fairly well with T. yunnanensis, but the specimens
quoted belong at least partly to T. chinensis; the cones figured apparently
represent those of the latter species, while the leaves probably are those of T.
yunnanensis.

38 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien; Sheng-neng-chia, forests, alt.
2600-3000 m., May 1907 (No. 2096, in part; tree 12-33 m. tall, girth
2-4 m.); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 2000-3000 m., July 1907 (No.
2096, in part; tree 15-20 m. tall, girth 2 m.); same locaHty, May
and October 1901 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 572, 1898, seed No. 952);
Changyang Hsien, on cliffs, alt. 2000-2300 m., November 1907 (No.
2096, in part; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); without locality, A.
Henry (No. 6907). Eastern Szech'uan: Taning Hsien, wood-
lands Jirne and October 1910 (No. 4453; tree 16-25 m. tall, girth
1.5-4 m.); Cheng-kou Ting, alt. 2500 m., P. Farges (Nos. 808, type,
29). Western Szech'uan: Ching-chi Hsien, near summit of Fei-
yiieh-ling, forests, alt. 2800 m., August 1908 (No. 2097; tree 12-33 m.
tall, girth 2-4 m.); north-east of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan, forests,
alt. 2300-3000 m., July 1908 (No. 2100, in part; tree 10-40 m. tall,
girth 1-5 m.); Wen-ch'uan Hsien, temple grounds, alt. 1300 m.. May
1908 (No. 2100, in part; tree 13 m. tall, girth 2 m.); west of Kuan
Hsien; ascent of Pan-lan-shan, forests, alt. 2600-3800 m., common,
June 1908 (No. 2100, in part; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); same
locality, October 1901 (No. 4072; tree 20^0 m. tall, girth 2-6 m.).
Shensi: southern slopes of the Tai-pai-shan, alt. 2300 m. 1910, W.
Purdom (No. 668; tree 5 m. tall).

This Hemlock which is very widely dispersed in central and western China is
everywhere partial to steep cliffs. In Hupeh it is usually met with in the form of
a rather small, densely pyramidal tree, large specimens being rare. In the ex-
tensively forested regions of western Szech'uan it is fairly abundant and trees of
very large size are common, and ta these the habit is loose and open. The species
is characterized by its pubescent yellow-grey shoots, relatively long and broad,
and always rounded and emarginate leaves which at maturity are nearly always
green on both surfaces, and by its polished cones with cone-scales usually slightly
infiexed at the summit. It is very closely related to T. diversifolia Maximowicz,
which is chiefly distinguished by its shorter leaves, more hairy shoots, and by its
slightly different cone.

The young leaves of T. chinensis often have two white, longitudinal bands on
the underside and are occasionally furnished with a few remote bristle-like teeth
which disappear with age. On the specimens before us the leaves vary from 10
to 28 mm. in length and from 1.5 to 3 mm. in width; and the cones from 15 to 30
mm. in length. The degree of pubescence on the shoots varies considerably but
on none can it be described as dense. The cones are pendulous as in all other
species, not erect as described by Franchet, and in appearance vary according to
age, but are usually shining.

This Hemlock is called the Tieh-sha (Iron Fir) by the Chinese and the timber
though soft is considered very durable. It is used in general construction work
and is largely made into shingles and used for roofing purposes.

Tsuga formosana Hayata (in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XLIII. 194 (1908) very prob-
ably belongs here.

Pictures of Tsuga chinensis will be found under Nos. 175, 176 of the collection
of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 489.

PTNACEAE. KETELEERIA 39

KETELEERIA Carr.

Keteleeria Davidiana Beissner, Handb. Nadelholzk. 424, fig. 117
(1891). — Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XXXVIII. 412
(1891).— Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 217 (1900). — Masters in Jour.
Ldnn. Soc. XXVI. 554 (1902); XXXVII. 421 (1906); in Gard. Chron.
ser. 3, XXXIII. 84, fig. 37, 38 (1903) ; in Jour. Bot. XLI. 270 (1903).—
Mottet in Rev. Hort. 1904, 130, fig. 53. — Patschke in Bot. Jahrh.
XLVIII. 649 (1913).

Pseudotsuga Davidiana Bertrand apud CarriSre in Rev. Hort. 1873, 37, fig.

3, 4, 5. — Bertrand in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 5, XX. 86 (1874).
Abies sacra David, Jour, de Trois. Voy. II. 29 (nomen nudum) (1875). —

Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6r. 2, VII. 100, t. 14 {PI. David. I.

290, t. 14) (1884).
Pinus {Pseudotsuga) Davidiana McNab in Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. ser. 2, II.

702 (1877).
Abies Davidiana Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s^r. 2, VII. 98 t. 13

{PI. David. I. 288, t. 13) (1884); in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 260 (1899). — Mas-
ters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, I. 481 (1887).
Keteleeria sacra Beissner, Handb. Nadelholzk. 426 (1891). — Van Tieghem in

Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XXXVIII. 412 (1891). — Mottet in Rev. HorL 1904,

130. — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 649 (1913).
Keteleeria Delavayi Van Tieghem in Bidl. Soc. Bot. France, XXXVIII. 412

(nomen seminudum) (1891).
Podocarpus sutchuenensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 265 (1899). —

Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 213 (1900). — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc.

XXVI. 548 (1902) ; XXXVII. 414 (1906).
Pinus sacra Voss in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XVI. 94 (1907).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, alt. 600-1300 m.,
August and November 1907 (Nos. 797^, 797, in part; tree 12-33 m.
tall, girth 1.5-6 m.); Changyang Hsien, mountain slopes, alt. 1000-
1300 m., April, May and November 1907 (No. 797, in part; tree
13-33 m. tall, girth 2-6 m., bark rough, dark grey) ; Patung Hsien,
woodlands, alt. 500-1000 m., April 1907 (No. 797, in part; tree 6-
25 m. tall, girth 1-5 m.) ; Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 1000 m., November
1907 (No. 797, in part; tree 13-33 m. tall, girth 2-6 m.); without
locality, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 420); without locality, A.
Henry (Nos. 3878, 7576). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A.
Henry No. 7098); Cheng-kou Ting, P. Farges (No. 1292, type of
Podocarpus sutchuenensis Franchet). Yunnan: Mengtze, moun-
tains, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11355); Szemao, mountains, alt.
1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12734, 12855).

This handsome tree is widely distributed in central, western and south-western
China between 300 and 1500 m. altitude and is more especially abundant in regions

40 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

where a relatively dry, hot climate obtains. Most commonly it is met with in
small groups, or as a solitary individual, shading tombs and wayside shrines, but
sometimes it forms extensive woods, usually with scrub oak as an undergrowth.
Young trees in habit and appearance closely resemble the Silver Firs, but with
age this resemblance disappears and the old trees with their massive branches
and irregularly shaped heads from a distance scarcely suggest a coniferous tree.
This Keteleeria grows from 25 to 40 m. tall and forms a trunk from 2 to 2.5 m. in
diameter, with large buttress-like roots spreading from the base of the bole. The
bark is rough, irregularly fissured and dark grey; the wood is resinous, close-
grained, easily worked and esteemed for building purposes and planking. The
branchlets are grey, glabrous or puberulous and are sometimes clothed with short,
ferruginous, villose tomentum. The leaves vary in length from 2 to 5 cm. and may
be rounded, emarginate, obtuse or acute at the apex. On young trees and on ad-
ventitious branches of old trees, the leaves are usually sharply acute and spinescent.
Usually the leaves are shining dark green on both surfaces but occasionally they
are shghtly glaucescent on the underside. The cones are quite erect, terminal on
short, lateral, spur-like, leafy branchlets from 1.5 to 3 cm. long, which serve as stout
peduncles. In length the cones vary from 5 to 20 cm., their average length being
from 10 to 15 cm. When quite young the cones are reddish but soon become
green and when ripe they are pale chestnut-brown. The bracts vary in shape
pomewhat according to age and size, and at maturity are usually more or less
laciniated at the apex, which may be erect or recurved. The cone-scales are per-
sistent and when the cone falls away the lower part with a few scales remains on
the tree. In dried specimens the leaves remain attached to the branches and in this
respect, and in the erect cones, Keteleeria resembles Abies, but in the persistent
character of the cone-scales it resembles Picea.

The variation in the leaves and cones of this tree has produced some confu-
sion. The figure of Abies sacra Franchet represents an old cone from which
the seeds have fallen. In the figure of A. Davidiana Franchet the cone is practi-
cally ripe and full of seeds. Podocarpus sutchuenensis Franchet is founded on a
branch with male flowers and is typical K. Davidiana. It is doubtful if K.
Evelyniana Masters (in Card. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIII. 194, fig. 82 [1903]), K. for-
mosana Hayata (in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XLIII. 194 [1908], K. Davidiana, var.
formosana Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXV. art. XIX. 221 (fl. Mont.
Formosae) [1908]) and K. Esquirolii L6veill6 (in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. VIII. 60
[1910]) are really distinct from K. Davidiana.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 502, 525, 528, 529, 530, 541, 554,
704, 035, 0144 in the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation
of Western China, Nos. 270-276.

Here may be added a note on K. Fortunei.

Keteleeria Fortunei Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1866, 449; 1887, 207, fig. 42-45; 1. c.
246; Traite Conif. ed. 2, 260 (1867). — Pirotta in Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ort. XII. 269
(1887). — Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, II. 440 (1887) ; in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI.
555 (1902). — Beissner, Handb. Nadelholzk. 421, fig. 116 (1891).

Abies Jezoensis Lindley in Lindley & Paxton, Fl. Gard. I. 42, fig. 26 (non
Siebold & Zuccarini) (1850); in Gard. Chron. 1850, 311, fig. — Planchon in
Fl. des Serres, IX. 7. x. (1853).
Pinus jezoensis Lemaire in Jard. Fleur. IV. Misc. 28, fig. (non Antoine)

(1854).
Abies (Picea) Fortuni Murray in Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1862, 421, fig. 82-97;

Pines & Firs of Japan, 49, fig. 82-97.
Pinus Fortunei Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 430 (1868).

PINACEAE. — ABIES 41

Pseudotsuga jezoensis Bertrand in Ann. Sci. Nat. s6r. 5, XX. 86 (1874).
Abies Fortunei Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 2, XXI. 348, fig. 64-67 (1884);

in XXV. 428, fig. 82-83 (1886).
Abietia Fortunei Kent, Veitch's Man. Conif. ed. 2, 485, fig. 123 (1900).
Kcteleeria sp. Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 556 (1902); XXXVII. 421
(1906).
Hongkong: St. John's Cathedral compound, cultivated, March 15, 1887, C.
Ford (No. 386, type of Masters's Kcteleeria sp.) : from same tree, ^ flower, March 15,
1887; immature cone, August 5, 1893 (ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong, No. 10210).
Fokien: Fuchou, April 2, 1904, W. Mackenzie (No. 165); same locality, 1886, H.
Mayr.

Through the courtesy of the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, we have seen
the type of Masters's Ketdceria sp.; the Superintendent of the Botanic Gardens,
Hongkong, has favoured us with more material from the same tree and we are able
to identify this obscure plant as K. Fortunei Carriere.

ABIES Juss.

Abies Delavayi Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 255 (1899). — Mas-
ters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 557 (1902); in Gard. Chron. ser. 3,
XXXIX. 212, fig. 82 (1906) ; in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 422
(1906). — Beissner, Handh. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 194 (1909). — Patschke
in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 642, fig. 3, 2 (1913).

Keteleeria Fabri Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 555 (1902); in Gard.
Chron. ser. 3, XXXIII. 194 (1903); in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 421
(1906). — Mottet in Rev. Hort. 1904, 130. — Beissner, Handb. Nadel-
holzk. ed. 2, 203 (1909). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 649 (1913).

Abies Fargesii Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIX. 213, fig. 83 (non
Franchet) (1906); in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 422 (1906).

Pinus Fabri Voss in Putlitz & Meyer, Landlexikon, IV. 773 (1913).

Western Szech'uan: south-east of Tachien-lu, forests, alt.
3000-4000 m., abundant, October 1910 (No. 4078; tree 25-40 m. tall,
girth 2-6 m.); west of Tachien-lu, Cheto-shan, alt. 3600-4000 m.,
October 1910 (No. 4082; tree 25-40 m. tall, girth 2-6 m.); Mt. Omei,
alt. 2000-3600 m., common, October 1910 (No. 4086; tree 15-35 m.
tall, girth 1-5 m.); Mupin, forming forests, alt. 2000-4000 m., June
1908 (No. 2093; tree 20-40 m. tall, girth 2.5-6 m.); Hungya Hsien,
Wa-wu-shan, on summit, alt. 3000 m., abundant, September 1908
(No. 2089, in part; tree 25-40 m. tall); Wa-shan, on summit, alt.
3000-3600 m., July and October 1908 (No. 2089; tree 20-40 m. tall,
girth 2.5-5 m.); same locahty, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3021,
3022, seed No. 1515) ; west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, forests, alt.
2600-3500 m., October 1910 (No. 4049; tree 20-35 m. tall, girth 2-4
m.). Yunnan: near TaH Fu, '' Tsang-chan," alt. 3500-4000 m.,
June 1884, J. M. Delavay (No. 1210, type).

42 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This is the common Silver Fir of western and especially of south-western Sze-
ch'uan and has a greater altitudinal and latitudinal range than any other Chinese
Fir-tree. One of the handsomest of the family, it grows to a large size and the old
trees have massive branches. It is characterized by its red-brown, usually glabrous
and shining shoots, its dark violet-black, oblong-ovoid to oblong-cylindric cones
which are larger than in any other Chinese species, and by its rather slender leaves
revolute on the margins with lateral sub-epidermal resin-ducts. In cross-section
the leaves are acute at the margins, where is found several layers of sclerotic cells;
the hypoderm consists of a single uniform layer of cells. In ripe cones the apex
of the bract is usually slightly exserted, and the caudate cuspis varies from 3 to 6
mm. in length and may be erect or recurved.

The cone is scarcely if at all resinous, very symmetrical, always slightly widest
at the base and but very httle narrowed upwards, from 7 to 11 cm. long, and from
3.5 to 5.5 cm. wide, the average being 8 or 9 cm. long and 4 cm. wide.

Our specimens agree very well with Franchet's description except that the
cones on the average are larger and the cuspis to the bract rather shorter. In
No. 4082, the weak lateral shoots are sparsely villose; in No. 4049 the cones are
relatively small (7 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide) and the weak lateral shoots sparsely
villose. In all the leaves we have examined the resin-ducts are lateral and sub-
epidermal and occasionally we find that they are wanting.

The cones figured by Masters under the names of A. Delavayi and A.
Fargesii are drawn as if they were widest above the middle, which is never the
case. The other slight difference shown in these figures can usually be found in
any one cone or branch.

Through the courtesy of the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, we are in
possession of a fragment of the type specimen of Keteleeria Fabri Masters, and
are able to identify it as Abies Delavayi. The channelled upper surface of the leaf
at once removes it from the genus Keteleeria in which the leaves of all the species
have the midrib slightly raised on the upper surface, never depressed. The revolute
margins and other details of the leaf, and Master's original description of young
cones agree exactly with A. Delavayi.

This Silver Fir is abundant on Mount Omei, the type locality of Keteleeria
Fabri Masters. We have searched this mountain in vain for a species of Kete-
leeria other than K. Davidiana Beissner, which occurs sparingly in one or two
places on the lower slopes and the fragment of the type shows that we were justi-
fied in doubting that any other Keteleeria existed in that region.

Abies Delavayi forms very extensive forests in the more inaccessible parts of
south-western Szech'uan. Colloquially it is known as the Lien-sha, this name
meaning Cold Fir, in allusion to the fact that the tree grows in cold regions.
The timber though soft and not very durable is valued on account of the large
size of the logs which it yields. These logs are rafted down the Ya River to
Kiating Fu in quantity every year. The wood is white and is used as planking
and for beams, etc., in house-building and general indoor work.

Pictures of this tree and of the cones will be found under Nos. 206, 207, 328,
329, 331, 333, 334, 0346, of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his
Vegetation of Western China, Nos, 94^100.

Abies Faxoniana Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 20-40-metralis, trunco 0.6-1.5 m. diam.; cortex arborum
vetustiorum obscure griseus, subtus fuscus, fissus; rami horizontales;
ramuli laterales aimotini plerumque satis dense et breviter ferrugineo-
hirto-villosi, terminales minus villosi, rarius glabrescentes; pulvini

i

PINACEAE. ABIES 43

lineares, cicatrice orbiculari leviter impressa albida; gemmae ovoideae,
obtusae v. acutae, fusco-purpureae, valde resinosae et inter folia
abscondita, perulis late ovatis obtusis persistentibus et bases ramu-
lorum arete cingentibus. Folia congesta, spiraliter disposita, torta et
irregulariter in unam planitiem disposita, ea faciei inferioris ramu-
lorum assurgentia, lineari-ligulata, margine leviter revoluta, subito
acuta, obtusa v. emarginata, basi leviter constricta, 10-25 mm. longa
et 1.5-2.5 mm. lata, supra nitida atroviridia, canaliculata, subtus
carinata et duobus fasciebus albis stomatiferis praedita; canales
resiniferi subepidermales v. in parenchymate siti. Strobili maturi,
intense violaceo-purpurei, ovoidei v. ovoideo-oblongi, basin versus
latiores, sessiles, apice applanati, saepe depressi 5-9 cm., plerumque
6-7 cm. longi, 3-4 cm. diam., plerumque valdi resinosi; bracteae
squamis subaequilongae, leviter v. manifeste exsertae, spatulato-
oblongae v. cuneato-oblongae, basin versus leviter angustatae, apice
undulatae, erosae, cuspidatae cuspide 3-5 mm. longo erecto v. recurvo;
squamae reniformia, 8-13 mm. longae et 12-20 mm. latae, apice
rotundatae incrassatae margine erecta, basi auriculatae v. truncatae
V. subito contractae, manifeste stipitatae; semina alis squamam vix
aequantibus nitidis brunneis v. atro-purpurascentibus apice truncatis.
Western Szech'uan: north-east of Sungpan Ting, forests, alt.
2600-3800 m., abundant, August and October 1910 (No. 4060, type) ;
west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, forests, alt. 3000-3600 m., July
1908 and October 1910 (Nos. 2092, 4052) ; west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-
lan-shan, forests, alt. 3000-3600 m., abundant, October 1910 (Nos.
4070, 4069, 4052 ».). //

This species is characterized by the short, broadly ovoid scales of its very resi-
nous winter-buds, its ferruginous, villose shoots, rather short, flat leaves, and by its
violet-purple, rather oblong, often densely resinous cones of medium size with
spatulate or cuneate-oblong bracts more or less exserted, the long acumen often
recurved. In transverse section the leaves are rounded at the margins and have
a single layer of hypoderm cells beneath the epidermis. In the type the resin-
ducts are nearly median, but they vary somewhat and in Nos. 2092 and 4052"
they are lateral and sub-epidermal. In the type specimen the cone is excessively
resinous and the exserted part of the bract is usually erect and of the same color
as the cone-scales. In No. 4070 the cone is only shghtly resinous and the exserted
part of the bract is more or less recurved and pale brownish in colour. The various
specimens before us show intermediate conditions and there can be little doubt
that all belong to one species.

This new Silver Fir is closely related to Abies Delavayi Franchet, which has
glabrous shoots, much larger, more barrel-shaped cones, and longer leaves rcvolute
at the margins; in cross-section these leaves are acute at the margins and have
lateral sub-epidermal resin-ducts.

44 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Abies Faxoniana is the common species in north-western Szech'uan where it
forms extensive forests. The wood is soft and of Uttle value.

Pictures of this tree and the cones will be found under Nos. 0287, 0304, 0313 of
the collection of Wilson's photographs.

It is named for Mr. Charles E. Faxon, the distinguished botanical artist of the
Arnold Arboretum.

Abies recurvata Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 423 (1906). —
Patschke in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 642, fig. 3, 3 (1913).

Western Szech'uan: valley of Min river, south of Sungpan
Ting, forests, alt. 2300-3000 m., August and October 1910 (No. 4057;
tree 15-40 m. tall, girth 1-5 m.); same locality, September 1903
(Veitch Exped. No. 3021, type); Kwa-tsze-ling, west of the Min
River valley, forests, alt. 2800-3300 m., abundant, October 1910
(No. 4057; tree 20-40 m. tall, girth 1-5 m.); west and near Wen-
ch'uan Hsien, forests, alt. 3000-3600 m., October 1910 (No. 4051;
tree 20-30 m. tall, girth 2-4 m.).

This remarkably distinct Silver Fir is abundant on the mountains near the
Min River between Mao-chou and Sungpan Ting, forming extensive forests.
The trees range from 20 to 40 m. or more in height, with a trunk girth of from
2 to 5 m. The habit is pyramidal, becoming fiat-headed in old trees and in those
exposed to strong winds. The bark on the trunk is rather rough and varies from
dark grey to reddish brown; the shoots are glabrous, shining and pale yellow-grey.
The winter-buds are ovoid, usually somewhat pointed, and very resinous. The
leaves are strongly recurved, either shining green on both surfaces or very glaucous
on the upper (ventral) side. On young trees and on adventitious shoots the leaves
are twice the normal length and very pungent. The cones which are produced in
clusters on the topmost branches are short-stalked, oblong-ovoid, from 5 to 9 cm.
long, and from 3 to 4 cm. wide; they abruptly taper to the peduncle, and are flat-
tened or somewhat pointed at the apex, smooth, with bracts completely hidden,
and are slightly resinous and intense violet-purple in color when growing, but
change after they are ripe and dry to grey-browTi. The wood, for a Silver Fir, is of
good quality, being fairly close-grained and durable and is valued for general build-
ing purposes. In all respects this species is one of the most desirable of the fam-
ily, and it was well worth a long journey to introduce it into cultivation.

For the original description fragments of some old cones only were available
and we have given here further details to supplement Master's description.

Pictures of this tree and the cones will be found under Nos. 0322, 0324, 0325,
0326 of the collection of Wilson's photographs.

Abies chensiensis Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XXXVIII.
413 (1891), descriptione valde incompleta. — Franchet in Jour, de
Bot. XIII. 256 (1899).

Abies sp. Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris. s6t. 2, VII. 100 (PI. David. I.

290) (1884).
Abies firma Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 557 (non Siebold & Zucca-

rini) (1902), quoad specimen e Shensi.

PINACEAE. — ABIES 45

Arbor 15-40-metralis, trunco 0.3-2 m. diam.; rami primarii validi,
patentes; ramuli juniores glabri, lucidi, luteo-cinerei, cicatricibus
suborbicularibus, pulvinis oblongo-rhombicis satis distinctis, ramuli
vetustiores obscure cinerei; gemmae flavido-brmmeae, ovoideae, acuti-
usculae, leviter resinosae, perulis persistentibus. Folia inaequalia,
horizontaliter patentia, subdisticha, lineari-ligulata, margine leviter
recurva, apice plerumque emarginata v. rotundata, rarius acutiuscula
et Integra, basi in petiolum perbrevem sed satis distinctum contracta,
1.5-4 cm. longa et 3-4 mm. lata, supra nitentia, atroviridia, canalicu-
lata, subtus cinereo-viridia, costa media elevata; canales resiniferi
2, laterales, sub epidermide, sed in foliis ramulorum fructiferorum in
parenchymate positi; hypodermis in facie ventrali contigua epider-
midem crassitie aequans, in facie dorsali tantum sub costa media et
secus marginem evoluta. Strobili subsessiles, initio virides, sub ma-
turitate cinnamomei, leviter resinosi, ovoideo-cylindrici, perfecte sym-
metric!, apice applanati, basi rotundati, 8-10 cm. longi et 4.5-5 cm.
lati; squamae late obovato-cuneatae, apice in utroque latere in alam
brevem margine tenui leviter laciniosam productae, basi subito un-
guiculatae, 2.5-3 cm. longae, apice 3.5-4 cm., medio 1.8-2.2 cm. latae,
apice extus tomentosulae; bracteae flavo-brunneae, suborbiculares
emarginatae et apiculatae, eroso-denticulatae, tertiam partem squamae
aequantes, circiter 8 mm. latae, in unguiculum latum contractae;
semina obovoidea, circiter 1 cm. longa et 5 mm. lata, alls pallide brun-
neis 2.5-3 m. longis et 1-1.2 cm. latis apice truncatis v. rotundatis
minute erosis.

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, forests, alt. 2300-3500 m., May
and October 1907 (No. 647). Shensi: Tsinling mountains 1872, A.
David (type).

Through the courtesy of the Director of the Herbarium of the Museum d'His-
toire Naturelle at Paris we have seen a fragment of the type of this obscure species
and are able to identify it. The anatomical character mentioned by Van Tieghem
when giving a name to David's specimen has no specific value since it applies
equally well to several Chinese species of Abies, and in his key, moreover, he
places it with the species which have always sub-epidermal resin-ducts, because
he had examined leaves from sterile branches only. The remarks of Franchet
(Jovr. de Bot. XIII. 256) also are of little service in identifying this species. We
have, therefore, drawn up a full description from our No. 647 with which the
leaves of a shoot of David's original specimen agree exactly in morphological and
anatomical characters.

Abies chensiensis Van Tieghem, is an exceedingly well-marked species and super-
ficially in the character of the branchlets, the colour and size of the leaves and in
the shape of the winter-buds strongly resembles Keteleeria Davidiana Beissner,
and this explains Franchet'e remark in PI. David. The channelled upper Bur-

46 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

face of the leaves, however, at once shows that it is not a Keteleeria. The species
is characterized by its' relatively long, shining green leaves, glabrous yellow-grey
branchlets, ovoid, acute, slightly resinous winter-buds and by its symmetrical ovoid-
cylindric, pale brown cones with small orbicular bracts and very large cone-scales
and seeds. It is most closely related to A. firma Siebold & Zuccarini, which
usually has four resin-ducts (two median and two lateral) in the leaf and sclero-
tic cells in the parenchjTna, dark grey, sometimes reddish, two-year old shoots,
more slender cones with narrowly cuneate bracts as long or nearly as long as the
cone-scale each furnished with a long, lanceolate, pungent cuspis which is promi-
nently exserted. The affinity of A. chensiensis Van Tieghem with A. Beissneriana
Rehder & Wilson, is pointed out under the latter species.

Abies chensiensis is a comparatively rare tree in north-western Hupeh. It
grows to a very large size but the timber is soft and of little value.

Abies Beissneriana Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Abies firma Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 422 (non Siebold & Zucca-
rini) (1906), quoad specimen Wilsonianum, No. 3020.

Arbor excelsa, ad 60 m. alta, triinco ad 6 m. diam. ; cortex obscure
griseus, subtus brunnescens, fissus; ramuli hornotini nitiduli, glabri,
rarissime primo juventute puberuli, flavidi, annotini albido-cinerei ;
pulvini prominentes, rhombici v. fere lineares; cicatrices orbiculares,
impressi, cinerei; gemmae ovatae, valde resinosae, inter folia abscon-
ditae, perulis brunneis ovatis acutiusculis v. obtuse acuminatis per-
sistentibus bases ramulorum cingentibus. Folia spiraliter disposita,
adscendentia v. erecto-patentia v. patentia, lineari-ligulata, acuta et
pungentia v. obtusa, rarius obsolete emarginata, supra basin leviter
constricta, 1-3 cm., plerumque 2 cm. longa et 1.5-2 mm. lata, supra
fere plana, rarius medio leviter impressa, subtus carinata, supra
atroviridia, subtus pallidiora v. glaucescentia, saepe utrinque stomati-
fera; canales resiniferi duo laterales sub epidermate positi; hypodermis
in facie ventrali contigua crassa, in facie dorsali tantum sub costa et
secus marginem evoluta. Strobili pedunculati, cylindrici, rarius
ovoideo-cylindrici, apice truncati, saepe leviter angu^ati, basi rotun-
dati, 5-8 cm. longi et 3-3.5 cm. diam., juventate violaceo-purpurei,
deinde griseo-virides, sub maturitate griseo-brunnei; bracteae squamis
dimidio breviores, obovatae, cuneatae, apice truncatae, emarginatae,
breviter cuspidatae, denticulatae; squamae cuneato-obovatae, apice
rotundatae, saepe leviter erosae, nee incrassatae, basin versus subito
angustatae, interdum auriculatae et unguiculatae ; pedunculi dense
bracteati, resinosi, circiter 1 cm. longi. Semina alls squamam fere
aequantibus rotundatis nitidis pallide brunneis.

Western Szech'uan: north-east of Tachien-lu Ta-p'ao-shan,
forests, alt. 2600-3800 m., abundant, July 1908 (Nos. 2090, type,

PINACEAE. — ABIES 47

2091) ; Ching-chi Hsien, summit of Fei-yiieh-ling, alt. 3000 m., October
1908 (No. 2095); same locality, August and October 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3020, seed No. 1570) ; Mupin, forests, alt. 3300 m., October
1908 (No. 2094).

This is the tallest of all the Chinese species of Abies. It is characterized by its
shining yellowish and later pale grey branchlets, its pedunculate cones which are
grey-brown when ripe and have very small obovate-cuncate bracts, and relatively
thin and large cone-scales, and by its ascending-spreading, usually pungent, fiat
leaves with midribs very rarely impressed above, commonly stomatiferous on both
surfaces and either pale green or glaucous on the underside. In transverse section
the resin-ducts are lateral and usually sub-epidermal; the epidermis is very thick-
walled and on the ventral side is subtended by a hypodermal layer and this
by a few scattered sclerotic cells. On the dorsal side the hypodermal layer is not
continuous, occurring beneath the midrib and at the margins only. The endo-
dermis is unusually well defined and is composed of large roundish-oval cells.

This new species is closely related to A. chensiensis Van Tieghem, which has
longer leaves twisted to form one plane, very unequal in length on the same shoot,
always green on both surfaces and rarely if ever pungent, and subsessile cones
with much larger, nearly orbicular bracts.

Masters refers our No. 3020 to A. firma Siebold & Zuccarini^ which is
easily distinguished by its winter-buds, which are prominent, acutish and scarcely
if at all resinous, by its dark grey, sometimes reddish, two- or three-year old
shoots, its very much longer cones with narrowly cimeate bracts furnished with
a long lanceolate cuspis which is exserted, and by its broader cone-scales and
much larger seeds. There are slight differences in the leaves and A. firma
usually has four resin-ducts, two median and two lateral, and sclerotic cells
scattered in the parenchyma. This herbarium specimens show; other differences
doubtless would appear, could living trees of the two species be examined growing
side by side.

In open country A . Beissneriana develops moderately wide-spreading branches
and forms a rather round or flat-headed tree of medium height. In the forests
the branches are short, slender and the tree has a very spire-like appearance
towering high above every other tree in the forest.

This Silver Fir is the P'ao-sha of the Chinese and the wood is soft and of very
little value. The vernacular name signifies " worthless Fir " and has reference
to the inferior quality of the wood. Occasionally it is spoken of as Lien-sha, a
name more properly applied to A. Delavayi Franchet, but these common names
are in some districts interchangeable and are often indiscriminately used.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 181, 182, 189, 267 of the collec-
tion of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos.
91-93.

We take pleasure in associating with this stately Silver Fir the name of Mr. L.
Beissner, author of the Handhuch der N adelholzkunde, and one of the first au-
thorities on cultivated Conifers.

1 It is highly improbable that this Japanese species occurs in China proper.
The specimens from Yunnan referred to this species by Kanitz (in Noven. Gyiijit.
Szechenyi, II. 848 {PI. Enum. 64) [1891]) probably belong to A. Delavayi Franchet.
Our No. 1895 referred to A. firma by Masters (in Jour. Bot. XLI. 270 [1903])
belongs to A. Fargesii Franchet. In the Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 557 (1902),
Masters reduces A. chensiensis Van Tieghem to A. firma.

48 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

jjif^^^ Abies Fargesii Franchet in Jour, de BoL XIII. 256 (1899).—
,t^^^ Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 218 (1900). — Masters in Jour. Linn.
^ Soc. XXVI. 557 (1902).— Beissner, Handb. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 194

(1909). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 642 (1913).

Western Hupeh : Fang Hsien, alt. 2300-3300 m., forming forests,
May 1907 (No. 2088; tree 10-40 m. tall, girth 1-5 m.); same locality,
June and October 1910 (No. 4451) ; same locality, June 1901 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1895); A. Henry (No. 6881). Eastern Szech'uan:
Chengkou Ting, P. Farges (type).

This is the common Silver Fir of north-western Hupeh where remnants of old
forests of it still occur. The species is characterized by its glabrous red-brown or
purplish branchlets, its slender short-stalked, scarcely resinous cones with exserted
spreading and recurved obovate-cuneate bracts, and by its horizontally spreading,
rather long leaves emarginate or bifid at the apex. The hypoderm consists of a
single, fairly uniform layer; the resin-ducts are lateral, either surrounded by par-
enchymatous cells or sub-epidermal, the latter position being common in young
plants. The trunk is of nearly uniform thickness for half its height, the branching
is relatively sparse and the branches though short are very massive. The wood
though soft and easily worked is fairly durable and is used for coffin-making,
indoor finishing and other purposes.

The No. 1895 has been referred by Masters (in Jour. Bot. XLI. 270 [1903]) to
the very different A.firma Siebold & Zuccarini, a Japanese species not authenti-
cally known from China proper. The specimens identified and figured by Masters
in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIX. 213 (1906) as A. Fargesii belong to A. Delavayi
Franchet.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 698, 0103, 0104, 0111, 0112 of the
collection of Wilson's photographs and in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 17.

Abies squamata Masters in Gard. Chron, ser. 3, XXXIX. 299, fig.
121 (1906); in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 423 (1906). — Patschke in
Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 643, fig. 3, 6 (1913).

Western Szech'uan: north and west of Tachien-lu, forests, alt.
3600-4600 m., October 1910 (No. 4079; tree 20-40 m. tall, girth 2-
5 m.); same locahty, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3019, type).

This remarkable Silver Fir is the most alpine of the species occurring in the
neighbourhood of Tachien-lu where it forms pure forests. The violet-coloured
cones are resinous and are slightly more elongate than shown in Masters's figure.
The shaggy purplish brown bark exfoHates in thin layers exactly in the same way
as that of the River Birch {Betula nigra L.). The leaves are short, relatively
broad, abruptly acute or obtuse, and vary considerably in degree of glaucescence.
The winter-buds are sub-globose, often flattened at the summit, reddish-brown and
very resinous.

Here may be added notes on two other Chinese Silver Firs not represented in
Wilson's collections.

Abies sutchuenensis Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.
Abies Fargesii, var. sutchuensis Franchet in Jour, de Bat. XIII. 256 (1899).
A

PINACEAE. — ABIES 49

Arbor; ramuli glabri, fusco-rubri v. brunnei, vetustiores cinereo-fusci; pulvini
lineares, cicatricibus impressis cincereo-albidis late ovalibus v. orbicularibus ;
gemmae ovoideae, resinosae, inter folia absconditae, pcrulis fuscis ovatis obtusis
carinatis erosis. Folia spiraliter disposita, curvata, assurgentia, lineari-ligulata,
acuta V. obtusa, rarius obsolete eraarginata, basi in petiolum distinctum flavescen-
tem contracta, 10-20 mm. longa et 2-2.5 mm. lata, supra canaliculata, nitida,
atroviridia, sulatus carinata duobus fascicbus alb is stomatiferis notata; canales
resiniferi 2 laterales, in medio parenchymatis positi. Strobili violacei-purpurei,
oblongo-ovoidei, apice rotundati, basi applanati, sessiles, 5.5-7 cm. longi et 3.2-
3.5 diam., sparse resinosi; bracteae squamis paullo breviores, cuneato-obovatae,
erosae, breviter cuspidatac; squamae late reniformes, 8-10 mm. longae et 15-18
mm. latae, margine incrassatae et sursum deflexae, basi auriculatae, manifeste
unguiculatae; semina alls quam squamae paullo brevioribus truncatis nitidis pallide
griseis leviter purpurascentibus.

Western Kansu : " Lotani," 1911, W. Purdom (No. 805); banks of Tow
River, 1911, W. Purdom (No. 823). Shensi : Tai-pei-shan, alt. 3000 m., 1910, W.
Purdom (No. 405). Eastern Szech'uan: Chengkou Ting, P. Farges (type).

This Silver Fir appears to us quite distinct from A. Fargcsii Franchet and in
raising it to a species we have drawn up a complete description based on Pur-
dom's No. 805, which as far as we can determine from a fragment and photograph
of the type received from Paris is identical with Franchet's variety. Unfortu-
nately we are without any precise information about this tree, which is char-
acterized by its shining red or purplish brown glabrous branchlets medium-
sized symmetrical, scarcely resinous, violet-black cones with shortly cuspidate,
obovate-cuneate bracts; and by its ascending, stout, relatively short and broad
leaves with a distinct petiole which is yellowish in color. It is most closely allied
to A. Faxoniana Rehder & Wilson which is distinguished by its villose branchlets
longer and thinner leaves, its exserted long-cuspidate spatulate or cuneate-oblong
bracts, and by its usually very resinous cones. In transverse section the leaves are
seen to be very broad, with median resin-ducts, and a single layer of hypoderm
cells on the ventral side but none on the dorsal side except immediately beneath
the midrib. The margins are rounded with several layers of sclerotic tissue.

Purdom's No. 405 possibly does not belong here. The specimens are without
leaves and the cones are immature with exserted bracts, and were probably gathered
from a dead branch. Young seedling plants bearing this number and raised from
seed collected by Purdom can scarcely be distinguished from A. Fargesii Franchet.
For geographical reasons we refer this No. 405 tentatively to A. sutchuenensis
Rehder & Wilson rather than to A. Fargesii Franchet, though it may belong to
the latter species.

The specimens referred by Beissner (in Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1901, 358) to A.
Mariesii and those referred in his Handb. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 192 (1906) to A.
Veitchii, which are doubtless the same as mentioned by Masters (in Jour. Linn.
Soc. XXVI. 557 [1902]), probably belong either to A. sutchuenensis or possibly to
A. Fargesii Franchet but without seeing the specimens it is impossible to decide.
It is now believed that the Chinese species of Pinaceae are confined to China and
it is highly improbable that either A. Mariesii Masters, or A. Veitchii Lindley or
any other Japanese Fir or Spruce occurs in China proper.

Abies sibirica Ledebour, var. nephrolepis Trautvetter in Maximowicz in Mim.
Sav. Str. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 260 {Pnm. Fl. Amur.) (1859). — Patschke
in Bot. Jahrb. XL VIII. 643, fig. 3, 12 (1913).

Abies nephrolepis Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pitersbourg, s6t.
3, X. 486 (1866); in Mel. Biol. VI. 22 (1866). — Komarov in Act. Horl.

50 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Peirop. XX. 200 {Fl. Mansh.) (1901). — Beissner, Handb. Nadelhohk.

ed. 2, 186 (1909).
Abies Veitchii Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 516 (non Lindley) (1881). —

Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 118 (1890).
Abies sibirica Korshinsky in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 424 (non Ledebour)

(1890).
Pvius nephrolepis Voss in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XVI. 94 (1907).

Shansi: Wutai-shan, 1909, TF. Fwrdom (No. 143). Manchuria: mountains,
12 hours east of Harbin by railway, rare, August 31, 1903, C. S. Sargent. Amur
region: May 27, 1891,5. Korshinsky.

Our specimens of this interesting addition to the known flora of China agree exactly
with Trautvetter's original description, and we believe that it can only be regarded
as a variety of A. sibirica Ledebour. It is in fact the eastern Asiatic form of that
species and its region of distribution is similar to that of Larix dahurica Turczani-
now. The slightly different shaped cone with larger bracts and rather different
shaped cone-scales and the more hairy branchlets serve to distinguish the variety
from the type species. Maximowicz in raising it to a distinct species com-
pared it with A. Veitchii Lindley to which species however it is only remotely
related, although superficially they do resemble one another somewhat. In ^4.
sibirica, var. nephrolepis Trautvetter, the resin-ducts are median as in A. sibirica
Ledebour, not lateral as in .A. Veitchii Lindley; in the leaves and characters of the
branchlets it is also well removed from the latter species.

Wutai-shan, where Purdom collected his specimens, is a particularly interesting
region from the point of view of geographical botany. It is the southernmost
locality in China for a number of Siberian and Manchurian trees and shrubs
and is the most western point reached by many Korean and Manchurian species.

Subfam. TAXODIEAE Pari.
CUNNINGHAMIA R. Br.

Cunninghamia lanceolata Hooker in Bot. Mag. LIV. t. 2743 (1827).

Pinus Abies Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 579 (non Linnaeus) (1790), synonymis
excludendis.

Pinus lanceolata Lambert, Descr. Pinus, 52, t. 34 (1803).

Abies lanceolata Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. VI. 523 (1804).

Belts jaculifolia Sahsbury in Trans. Linn. Soc. VIII. 315 (1807).

Cunninghamia sinensis Brown apud Richard, Conif. 80, t. 18, fig. 3 (1826). —
Link in Linnaea, XV. 540 (1841). — Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. II. 7, t.
103, 104 (1844); in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. III. 235 {Fl. Jap. Fam.
Nat. II. Ill) (1846).— Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 337 (1861). — Miquel in Ann.
Mus. Ludg.-Bat. III. 167 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 331 (1867). — Parlatore in
De CandoUe, Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 432 (1868). — Debeaux in Act. Soc.
Linn. Bordeaux, XXX. 109 {Fl. Shangh. 57) (1875).— Masters in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XVIII. 502 (1881); XXVI. 548 (1902) ; XXXVII. 415 (1906). —
Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VII. 101 {PI. David. I. 291)
(1884); in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 262 (1899). — Beissner in Nuov. Giorn.
Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 185 (1897). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 218
(1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 23, t. 9, fig. 1-24 (1900).—

PINACEAE. — CUNNINGHAMIA ' 51

Matsumura in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XV. 139 (1901). — Matsumura & Hayata

in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 399 {Enum. PI. Formos.) (1906).—

Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Hal. n. ser. XVII. 231 (1910) ; XVIII.

105 (1911). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser.

X. 256 {Fl. Kwangtung & Hongkong) (1912). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb.

XLVIII. 672 (1913).
Belis lanceolata Sweet, Hort. Brit. 475 (1830).
Raxopitys Cunninghamii Nelson, Pinaceae, 97 (1866).
Araucaria lanceolata Hort. ex Parlatore in De CandoUe, Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 433

(quasi synon. Cunninghamiae sinensis) (1868).

Kiangsi : near Kiukiang, foothills of the Lushan range, alt. 300 m.,
common, August 1, 1907 (No. 1740; trees all small). Western
Hupeh : north and south of Ichang, forming woods, alt. 30-1300 m.,
abundant, April and November 1907 (No. 794; tree 6-25 m. tall, 1-
3 m. girth); " Monte Triora," alt. 1950 m., September 1907, C. Sil-
vestri (No. 104). Western Szech'uan : south-east of Tachien-lu, alt.
1600 m., October 1908 (No. 794^; tree 40 m. tall, girth 6 m.); Kiating
Fu, alt. 350-1000 m., abundant, November 1908 (No. 794^; tree 6-
20 m. tall); west and near Kuan Hsien, alt. 1000 m., October 1910
(No. 4076; tree 13-20 m. tall, 1-1.5 girth); Shih-ch'uan Hsien, alt.
600-1600 m., August 1910 (No. 4651; tree 13-25 m. tall, 1-4 m. girth).
Yunnan: Mengtze, mountains, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 9148").
Central Fokien: without locality; Dunn's Exped., April-June
1905 (Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong, No. 3511). Formosa: Tamsui,
A. Henry.

This handsome tree is found all over the temperate parts of China from sea-
level up to 2000 m. alt. according to latitude, but does not occur where the winters
are severe. It is abundant in Fokien, Hunan and Hupeh and more especially so
in western Szech'uan where it is partial to red-sandstone and forms pure forests.
The trunk is mast-like; the branches numerous, slender, short and horizontally
spreading, giving a lax pyramidal appearance to the tree. The leaves, usually
dark green above, are frequently more or less glaucescent. After felling sprouts
spring from the old stumps and develop into new trees. This peculiarity explains
why this tree is still common in regions near densely populated areas.

Cunninghamia is the " Sha-shu " of the Chinese and is esteemed the most
useful of all their timber trees. The wood is fragrant, soft and easily worked and
is extensively employed in all branches of carpentry; in general construction work
for pillars and planking, and as masts for native boats. It is also the principal
coffin wood of central and western China, the fragrant properties being consid-
ered to act as a preservative. In parts of western Szech'uan, notably in the Chien-
ch'ang valley, and in the valley of the Tung river a few days' journey west of
Fulin, whole forests of this tree were engulfed by an earthquake two or three
centuries ago. The wood of these trees is to-day mined and furnishes the most
valuable of all coffin material. From these logs, kno-mi as " Hsiang-mu " (fra-
grant wood) or " Yin-chcu-mu " (long-buried-wood), planks of huge size can be
cut and a coffin made of them sells for a thousand to fifteen hundred oimces of

52 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

silver. This buried wood is pale bro-mi, close in texture, but easily worked, and
pleasantly fragrant. Trees of this conifer, equalling in size these buried giants,
cannot be found in China to-day except as rare and isolated specimens associated
with temples or shrines.

A good figure of a branch and a cone of this tree, collected by James Cunning-
ham, is found in Plukenet, Overa IV. t. 351, fig. 1 {Amalt. 1. fig. 1) (1705) under the
name of Abies major sinepsis, etc.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 76, 209, 210, 211, 212, 311, 312,
337, 340, 373, 549, 0183 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his
Vegetation oj Western China, Nos. 177-185.

CRYPTOMERIA D. Don.

Cryptomeria japonica D. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 166, t.
13, fig. 1 (1841). — Hooker, Icon. VII. t. 668 (1844). — Siebold &
Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. III. 234 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat.
II. 110) (1846). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Ludg.-Bat. III. 168 (1867);
Prol. Fl. Jap. 332 (1867) ; in Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. II. 43, t.
124, 124^ (1870). — Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. II.
438 (1868). — Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXX. 109 {Fl.
Shangh. 57) (1875). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI Jap. I. 469
(1875). — Masters in Jour. Unn. Soc. XVIII. 497 (1881); XXVI.
544 (1902); XXXVII. 413 (1906). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Paris, ser. 2, VII. 101 (PI. David. I. 291) (1884). — Sargent in Garden
& Forest, VI. 443, fig. 66 (1893); For. Fl. Jap. 74, t. 24 (1894).—
Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 218 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess.
For. Jap. I. 24, t. 9, fig. 25-42 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn.
Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 231 (1910); XVIII. 105 (1911). — Patschke
in Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 672 (1913).

Cupressus japonica Linnaeus f., Suppl. 'i21 (1781). — Thunberg, Fl. Jap.

265 (1784).
Taxodium japonicum Brongniart in Ann. Sci. Nat. XXX. 183 (1833) ex-

cludenda var. heterophylla.
Cryptomeria Fortunei Otto & Dietrich in Allg. Gartenz. 1853, 234.

Kiangsi: Ruling, temple of Wang-lung-shih, alt. 1300 m., July
28, 1907 (No. 1746; two trees 35-40 m. tall, 5-5.5 m. girth, said to
have been planted a thousand years ago). Hupeh : " Ou-tan-scian"
alt. 2050 m., August and September 1907, C. Silvestri (Nos. 105, 106).
Western Szech'uan: Kuan Hsien, cultivated in temple grounds,
alt. 900 m., October 1910 (No. 4077; tree 10-13 m. tall, 1-1.5 m.
girth); same locality, 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3008). Yunnan:
Mengtze, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9667, 9667*).

PINACEAE. — THUJA 53

All the trees of Cryptomeria we have seen in China were planted, yet it occurs
in such remote places in the far west of Szech'uan that one strongly suspects that
it is native of this region. For example: on the lower slopes of the Chiu-ting-
shan, two days' journey west of Mienchu Hsien, a town on the north-west corner
of the Chengtu Plain, Cryptomeria occurs in some quantity; it is also found on the
mountains to the west of Kuan Hsien. It would appear highly improbable that
these trees or their parents had been introduced to these remote, sparsely popu-
lated regions from Japan or eastern China.

This tree was first discovered by James Cunningham in the Chusan Islands,
and a specimen collected by him is figured in Plukenet, Opera IV. t. 386, fig. 3
{Amalt. 69) (1705) under the name of Cupressus cheusanensis, juniperinis arcuatis
foliis, etc.

It is the " Kung-ch'io Sung " (Peacock Pine) of the Chinese.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 690 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 174.

Subfam. CUPRESSEAE Lindl.

THUJA L.

Thuja orientalis Linnaeus, Spec. 1002 (1753). — Thunberg, Fl.
Jap. 226 (1784).— Abel, Narr. Jour. China, 145 (1818).— Wallich,
Cat. No. 6047 (1828). — Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
hour g, II. 137 {Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 63) (1833). — Siebold & Zuc-
carini, FL Jap. II. 31, t. 118 (1844); in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV.
pt. III. 234 {Fl Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 110) (1846). — Ledebour, Fl.
Ross. III. pt. II. 680 (1849-1851).— Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XVIII. 488 (1881); XXVI. 540 (1902); XXXVII. 412 (1906).—
Hooker L, Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 644 (1890). — Franchet in Jour, de Bot.
XIII. 106 (1899). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 219 (1900).—
Matsumura in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XV. 137 (1901). — Matsumura
& Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 401 (Enum. PI. Formos.)
(1906). — Diels in Wiss. Ergeb. Exped. Filchner China Tibet, X.
247 (1908). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII.
232 (1910); XVIII. 106 (1911). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII.
675, t. 8, fig. 5 (1913).

Thuja acuta Moench, Meth. 692 (1794).

Cupressus Thuia Targioni-Tozzetti, in Ann. Mus. Firenze, I. pt. II. 52

{Obs. Bot. dec. II. 52) (1808).
Platycladus stricta Spach, Hist. Veg. XI. 335 (1842).
Biota orientalis Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 47 (1847). — Miquel in Ann. Mus.

Ludg.-Bat. III. 167 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 329 (1867). — Parlatore in De

Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 461 (1868). — Franchet & Savatier, Emtm.

PI. Jap. I. 470 (1875). — Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXX.

110 {Fl. Shangh. 58) (1875). — Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XXIX.

54 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

12 (1882). — Kanitzin Noven. Gyiijit. Szechenyi, II. 847 (PI. Enum. 63)
(1891); Wiss. Ergeb. Reise Szechenyi, II. 737 (1908).— Beissner in Nuov.
Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 185 (1897). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop.
XIX. 137 {Consp. Fl. Koreae) (1901).

Western Hupeh : near Shasi, planted, alt. 30 m., February 10,
1908 (No. 2102; tree 8-12 m. tall, girth 1-1.5 m., branches pendu-
lous); "Monte Triora," alt. 1950 m., 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 107).
Western Szech'uan: Mupin, roadside, near a house, alt. 1100 m.,
November 1908 (No. 1272; tree 8 m. tall); Mt. Omei, temple
grounds, October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3011). Yunnan: Yuan-
chiang, planted by temple, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 13353).
Shensi: Yenan Fu, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 355). Chili: Peking,
temple of Confucius, September 15, 1903, C. S. Sargent; Peking,
Temple of Heaven, January 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 393); north
of Peking, Ming Tombs, October 6, 1905, J. G. Jack.

This tree is very rarely planted in central and western China and we never met
with a spontaneous specimen in our travels. It is probably a native of north-
eastern China, Manchuria and Korea.

CUPRESSUS L.

Cupressus torulosa D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 55 (1825). — Wallich
Cat. No. 6046 (1830). — Griffith, Icon. PI. Asiat. IV. t. 372 (1854). —
Dalzell & Gibson, Bombay Fl. suppl. 83 (1861). — Murray in
Ravenscroft, Pinet. Brit. II. 201, t. 35 (1867). — Parlatore in De
Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 469 (1868). — Brandis, For. Fl. Brit.
Ind. 534 (1874); Indian Trees, 694 (1906). — Gamble, Man. Ind.
Timbers, 410 (1881); new ed. 696 (1902). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind.
645 (1888). — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXI. 335 (1896).—
Collett, Fl. Siml. 483 (1902). — Cooke, Fl. Bombay, II. 666 (1908). —
Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 675, t. 8, fig. 17 (1913).

Juniperus nepalensis Loudon, Encycl. Trees and Shrubs, 1118 (1842).
Cupressus Corneyana Knight & Perry, Syn. Conif. 20 (nomen nudum)

(1850?.) — Carriere, Traite Conif. 128 (1855).
Cupressus majestica Knight & Perry, Syn. Conif. 20 (nomen nudum) (1850?).
Cupressus Tournefortii Tcnore, Ind. Sem. Hort. Neapol. 2 (non Audibert)

(1853); in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, XIX. 355 (1853).
Cupressus torulosa majestica Carriere, Traite Conif. 118 (1855).
Sahina Corneyana Antoine, Cupress. 54, t. 74, 78, fig. a-f, (1857).
Cupressus Tournefortiana Tenore, Ind. Sem. Hort. Neapol. 4 (1858).
Juniperus chinensis Corneyana Gordon, Pinetum, 117 (1858).
Cupressus torulosa Corneyana Carrifere, Traite Conif. 151 (1867).
Cupressus torulosa Tournefortii Carriere, Traiti Conif. 152 (1867).

PINACEAE. — CUPRESSUS 55

Western Szech'uan: Min valley, near Mao-chou, arid regions,
alt. 1800 m., rare, May 25, 1908 (No. 2105; tree 20 m. tall, girth 3 m.) ;
west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, lat. 1600 m., November 1908 (No.
798*; tree 13 m. tall, girth 2 m.) ; valley of Tung river, dry regions,
alt. 1300-2600 m., common, June, July and August 1908 (No. 2106;
tree 8-33 m. tall, girth 0.6-4 m.); same locality, alt. 1300 m., July
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3012).

This tree is common throughout the arid upper reaches of the Tung River be-
tween 1300 and 2500 m. altitude and at one time evidently formed extensive
forests in this region. In the valley of the Min River it is rare and we have no
knowledge of this tree east of this district.

The bark is reddish brown and the trunk usually mast-like. The branches
are very numerous, usually short, horizontally spreading and of no great thick-
ness, the outline of the tree then being symmetrical. Sometimes the branches are
erect-spreading and the habit is then close and fastigiate. Often the habit is
irregular with numerous large branches disposed in a manner to form a wide-
spreading, flat-topped head. Occasionally the branches are somewhat pendulous
and the branchlets are more frequently so. Usually the foliage is dark green but
sometimes it is pale and slightly glaucous.

The Chinese name "K'an-peh-sha" signifies that it is the Cypress that grows
in dry regions. The timber is very highly valued and this probably accounts for
the absence of large trees except near houses, temples and lamaseries.

It is highly probable that the C. sempervirens Franchet (in Jour, de Bot. XIII.
263 [1899]) belongs here, for it is not probable that Linnaeus' plant occurs in China
or, in the wild state, east of Afghanistan.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 84, 158, 256, 257, 259 of the col-
lection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos.
192-197.

Cupressus funebris Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 58 (1847). — Parlatore
in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 471 (1868). — Debeaux in Act.
Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXX. 110 (Fl Shangh. 58) (1875). — Masters
in Jour. Unn. Soc. XVIII. 496 (1881); XXVI. 540 (1902); XXXVII.
412 (1906); in Jour. Bot. XLI. 268 (1903). — Kanitz in Noven.
Gyiijit. Szechenyi, II. 847 {PI. Enum. 63) (1891) ; Wiss. Ergeb. Reise
Szechenyi, II. 738 (1898). — Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 263
(1899). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 219 (1900). — Pavolini in
Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 439 (1908). — Patschke in Bot.
Jahrh. XLVIII. 675, t. 8. fig. 6 (1913).

Cupressus pendula Abel in Staunton, Embassy to China, II. 255 (nomen nudum;

non Thunberg, nee L'H6ritier) (1797). — Lambert, Descr. Pinus, I. 97, t.

43 (1803).
Cupressus funebris gracilis CarriSre, Traite Conif. 162 (1867).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, forming woods,
alt. 30-1100 m., abundant, July and November 1907 (No. 798, in

56 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

part; tree 10-30 m. tall, girth 0.5-6 m.); Changyang Hsien, mountain
slopes and ravines, alt. 1100 m., November 1907 (No. 798 in part;
tree 20 m. tall, girth 2.5 m.).

This beautiful Cypress is widely distributed in the Yangtze Valley from the
sea coast to the extreme west of the country. It is particularly abundant in steep,
limest.me districts throughout western Hupeh and Szech'uan up to 1100 m. alti-
tude, but is much less common where red sandstone prevails. Often it is associated
with tombs and wayside shrines, and is commonly planted round temples. As
usually seen forming pure woods it is a slender tree with short, thin, more or less
pendulous branches. Old and isolated specimens develop a loose, wide-spreading
head made up of massive branches. The Chinese call it the " Peh-mu shu " (white-
wood tree) and esteem it one of the most useful of all their trees. The timber is
white, close-grained, heavy and exceedingly tough. It is largely employed in the
hulls and decks of native boats, for pillars in general construction work and for
all purposes where toughness and durability are the qualities desired.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 55, 98, 309, 382, 461, 486, 533, 534,
OS, 0226, 0228, of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation
of Western China, Nos. 186-191.

JUNIPERUS L.

Sect. OxYCEDRUs Spach.

Juniperus formosana Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXV. art.
XIX. 209, t. 38 (FZ. Mont. Formosae) (1908).

Juniperus taxifolia Parlatore in De Candolle Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 481 (non
Hooker & Arnott) (1868), quoad specimen Fortuneanum, No. 47. —
Pritzel in Bat. Jahrb. XXIX. 219 (1900). — Beissner in Bull. Sac. Bat.
Ital. 1901, 360. — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 543 (1902);
XXXVII. 413 (1906); in Jour. Bot. XLI. 268 (1903). — Matsumura
& Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 403 (Ejium. PI. Formos.)
(1906). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 678 (pro parte) (1913).

Juniperus rigida Beissner in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 186 (non Sie-
bold & Zuccarini) (1897). — Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 264 (1899).—
Masters in Jour. Bot. XLI. 268 (1903); in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 413
(1906). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 678 (pro parte) (1913).

Juniperus communis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 264 (non Linnaeus)
(1899).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang woodlands, alt.
600-1300 m., November 1907 (No. 696, in part; a thin tree 8-13 m.
tall, fruit orange-red) ; Changyang, mountain-sides, alt. 600-1600 m.,
May 1907 (No. 696, in part; tree 6-13 m., branchlets pendulous);
without locality, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 370) ; Patung Hsien,
without precise locahty, A. Henry (No. 2876); without locahty, A.
Henry (No. 5). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, thickets on

PINACEAE. — JUNIPERUS 67

mountain side, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 428); same locality, A.

Henry {No. 5653). Western Szech'uan : west and near Wen-
ch'uan Hsien, alt. 1300-2300 m., May and July 1908 (No. 696='; thin
tree 6-10 m. tall); Tachien-lu, /. A. Soulie (No. 564). Shensi:
Tai-pei-shan, 1910, W. Purdom. Fokien: without locality, Dunn's
Exped., April - June 1905 (Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong, Nos. 3808,
3809). Formosa: Mt. Morrison, alt. 4300 m., T. Kama Rami and

U. Mori, No. 2262 (fragment seen).

As Hayata points out, the /. taxifolia of Hooker & Arnott is an insular
species so far reported only from the Liu-kiu and Bonin archipelagos, and readily
distinguished by its obtuse leaves and longer male flowers. Our specimens agree
perfectly with Hayata's description of his J. formosana and we, therefore, take
up this name for the Juniper so long cultivated in gardens as J. taxifolia.

In western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan J. formosana is not uncommon in the
margins of moist woods and thickets between 500 and 1600 m. altitude. In western
Szech'uan it ascends to 2300 m. altitude but is rare. This Juniper forms a slender
tree from 8 to 15 m. tall, and the trunk usually divides a few feet above the ground
into three or more erect stems. The principal branches are erect and spreading
or ascending and spreading and the branchlets are pendulous. The bark is grey-
brown, fibrous, longitudinally fissured and peels off in thin, narrow strips. The
leaves are all very pungent and vary considerably in length, some before us being
3 cm. long. The 3-seeded fruit is sub-globose or broadly ovoid, orange or red-
brown and from 6 to 8 mm. long and broad.

Juniperus rigida Siebold & Zuccarini, which some authors have confused with
the species under notice, has blue-black fruit and rather differently shaped, nar-
rower leaves and does not occur in China except in the extreme north-east part,
although in Japan, Korea and Manchuria it is common.

Kent (Veitch's Man. Conif. 191 [1900]) states that J. taxifolia (J. formosana
Hayata) is cultivated in many gardens under the name of J. oblonga pendula Hort.,
but the Juniper grown in North America under this name is a variety of J.
communis Linnaeus with pendulous branches. There is, however, in the Arnold
Arboretum a plant received from M. L. de Vilmorin as Juniperus spec, from
China, which is doubtless J. formosana; it has proved hardy so far and is
growing well.

A colloquial name of J. formosana in Hupeh is " Tz'u-peh-shu." A picture of
this tree will be found under No. 542 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and
in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 266.

Sect. Sabina Spach. '

Juniperus squamata Lambert, Descr. Gen. Pinus, II. 17 (1824). —
D. Don, Prodr. Nepal. 55 (1825). — Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. s6t. 2,
XVI. 293 (1841). — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 18 (1847). — Brandis, For.
Fl. Brit. Ind. 537 (1874).

Juniperus religiosa Royle, III. I. 351 (nomen nudum) (1839).
Juniperus Lambertiana Wallich mss. ex Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 19 (1847),
quasi synon. /. squamatae.

58 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Juniperus rigidaW aWich. mss. exEndlicher, Syn. Conif. 19 (1847), quasi synon,

J. squamatae.
Sabina squamata Antoine, Cuipress. 66, t. 90 (pro parte) (1857).
Juniperus recurva, j3. squamata Parlatore in De CandoUe, Prodr. XVI. pt. II.

482 (1869). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 647 (1888). — Masters in Jour.

Linn. Soc. XXVI. 543 (1902); XXVII. 413 (1906); in Jour. Bot. XLI.

268 (1903). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 678 (1913).
Juniperis recurva Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VII. 102 {PI.

David. 1.292) (non Hamilton) (1884); in Jour.de Bot. XIII. 263 (1899).—

Beissner in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 186 (1907). — Pritzel in

Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 219 (1900). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 678

(pro parte) (1913).
Juniperus recurva, var. densa Hort. Kew, 1880 (vix Carri^re) (in Herb.

Arnold Arb.).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien; Ta-pa-shan, moorlands and open,
rocky country, alt. 3000-3600 m., May 16, 1907 (No. 985, in part;
gregarious shrub, 0.3-1.5 m. tall); same locality, alt. 2600 m., A.
Henry (Nos. 6896, 6935). Western Szech'uan: west and near
Wen-ch'uan Hsien, moorlands, alt. 3000-4300 m., September 1908
(No. 985; shrub 0.3-2.5 m. tall); neighbourhood of Tachien-lu, alpine
regions, alt. 3000-5000 m., July and September 1908 (No. 985, in
part; shrub 25 cm.-1.5 m. tall, branches spreading, ascending at
apices); same locality, J. A. Soulie (No. 293); west of Kuan Hsien,
Pan-lan-shan, alpine moorlands, alt. 4000-4600 m., October 1910
(No. 4085; scrub 15 cm.-1.5 m.). Shensi: Tai-pei-shan, 1910, W.
Purdom. India: east Himalaya, Griffith (No. 4986); Kishtwar, alt.
4000 m., T. Thomson; Chumbi, 1877, Neempen.

This Juniper is common on the tops of the higher mountains in western Hupeh
and eastern Szech'uan and in the alpine regions of the Chino-Thibetan border-
land it covers immense areas and ascends to a higher altitude than any other
woody plant except Ephedra Gerardiana, var. sikkimensis Stapf . Between 3000
and 4000 m. altitude it grows gregariously in association with a species of prickly
shrubby oak but above that altitude, and more especially where boulders of granitic
gneiss and sandstone occur, this Juniper forms a dense scrub, from 6 inches to
5 feet high. The stems are gnarled and twisted in all directions and it is almost
impossible to get through these thickets. In the more sheltered gullies round Ta-
chien-lu and in the forests to the north-east of that town this Juniper is frequently
met with in the form of a small or, much more rarely, a large tree (see variety).
In the vernacular of Tachien-lu this tree is spoken of as the " Hsiang-ching "
(fragrant green) or " Hsiang-sha " (Fragrant Fir) and the branches are used for
incense in the lamaseries and houses of Thibetans and related tribes.

Juniperus squamata closely resembles some of the dwarf forms of J. communis
Linnaeus but its one-seeded fruit readily distinguishes it. We cannot agree
with Parlatore and others in regarding this Juniper as a variety of J. recurva
Hamilton and to say the least it would be very anomalous for the alpine form to
have larger leaves than the arborescent type. The discovery in western Szech'uan
of a tree form of J. squamata with larger leaves and longer internodes but other-

PINACEAE. — JUNIPERUS 59

wise identical is fairly good proof that this plant is an alpine form of the Chinese tree.
Junipemsrecurva Hamilton differs in its subulate, closely appressed leaves, recurved
branches which singularly resemble those of Lycopodium, and in its much larger
(1 cm. long) fruit. That a dwarf form of Hamilton's plant also occurs is shown by
several specimens before us of which we may cite one collected by G. A. Gammie
in the Luchung valley, alt. 4000 m. August 1892, and described as a small shrub.
This specimen like the others we have seen is typical J. recurva Hamilton, except
that the branches are shorter, the leaves much reduced in size and the internodes
much shorter — differences naturally to be expected in an alpine form. Probably
this shrub is common at high altitudes in Sikkim and elsewhere, and may some-
where grow in association with J. squamata Lambert. This would account for the
confusion which has existed in the identity of the two species. Sikkim marks the
western limit of distribution of several Chinese plants, and the neighbourhood of
Tachien-lu the eastern limit of certain Himalayan plants.

Juniperus densa Gordon, is usually quoted as a synonym of J. squamata Lam-
bert, but Gordon {Pinetum, Suppl. 32, [1862]) describes his plant as having a 3-
seeded fruit and therefore it must be referred to some other species, probably to J
communis Linnaeus. There is however in gardens a Juniper known as J. recurva,
var. densa, which is the true J. squamata Lambert and, further, a specimen before
us from Gordon's herbarium and labelled J. densa, is unquestionably a form of
J. recurva Hamilton. Apparently two or three Junipers are in cultivation under
Gordon's name J. densa.

From the description we strongly suspect that /. morrisonicola Hayata (in
Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XLIII. 194 [1908]) is really J. squamata Lambert. Specimens
from Mt. Omei collected by Faber (Masters in Jour. Linn. Sac. XXVI. 543 note
[1902]) in all probability belong here also, as we have seen the plant growing abun-
dantly on the summit of that mountain.

Pictures of this shrub will be found under Nos. 226, 228 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs and in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 264, 265.

Juniperus squamata, var. Fargesii Rehder & Wilson, n. var.
Juniperus Fargesii Komarov in Herb. Paris.

Arbor 5-25-metralis, plerumque 5-12 m. alta, ramis erecto-patenti-
bus, ramulis pendentibus. Folia plerumque angustiora et longiora,
saepe plus minusve patula et minus congesta quam in typo, lanceo-
lata, 4-12 mm., plerumque 7-9 mm. longa, circiter 1 mm. lata, acumi-
nata, spinulosa, pallide v. coeruleo-viridia, supra saepe glauca. Fructus
ovoideus, apice obtusus, 5-6 mm. longus, obscure nigro-coeruleus.

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, wood-
lands, alt. 2000-2500 m., October 1908 (No. 1021); west of Kuan
Hsien, woodlands, alt. 2000 m., June 21, 1908 (No. 1021^); Wa-shan,
alt. 1600-2500 m., June 1908 (No. 2101). Eastern Szech'uan:
Chengkou Ting, P. Farges (No. 153, type of J. Fargesii Komarov).

This is the arborescent form of the type and is not uncommon in woodlands
throughout the Chino-Thibetan borderland. Usually it is a small tree from 5 to
12 m. tall, but occasionally larger trees are met with. We saw and photographed
one magnificent specimen 28 m. tall, with a trunk girth of 7 m., but we never met

60 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

with another tree approaching this one in size. The trunk in large trees usually
divides at about 3 m. above the ground into several erect stems; the bark is brown
or grey-brown, fairly smooth and peels off in thin, longitudinal strips. The lateral
branches are ascending and spreading, and the slender branchlets are pendulous.
The blue-black fruit is smaller and less lustrous in appearance than that of the
type.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 115 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 263.

Juniperus chinensis Linnaeus, Mant. 127 (1767). — Roxburgh, Fl.
Ind. ed. 2, III. 838 (1832). — Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci.
St. Petershourg, II. 137 {Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 63) (1833). — Sie-
bold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. III. 233 (Fl. Jap.
Fam. Nat. II. 109) (1846). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III.
167 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 331 (1867); in Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl.
Jap. II. 58, t. 126, 127, %. 1, 2, 4 (1870). — Parlatore in De Candolle,
Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 487 (1868), excludendis speciminibus indicis. —
Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. 1. 472 (1875). — Masters in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 497 (1881); XXVI. 541 (1902); XXXVII.
412 (1906); in Jour. Bot. XLI. 268 (1903). — Franchet in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Paris, s^r. 2, VII. 101 (PL David. I. 291) (1884). — Sar-
gent in Garden & Forest, VI. 493 (1893); For. Fl. Jap. 78 (1894).—
Beissner in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 186 (1897). — Pritzel in
Bot.Jahrh. XXIX. 220 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I.
29, t. 12, fig. 14-27 (1900). — Pahbin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIX.
137 (Consp. Fl Koreae) (1901). — Matsumura in Bot. Mag. Tokyo,
XV. 138 (1901). — Matsumura & Hayata m Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo,
XXII. 402 {Enum. PI. Formos.) (1906). — Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn.
Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 439 (1908). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot.
Ital. n. ser. XVII. 232 (1910); XVIII. 105 (1911). — Patschke in
Bot. Jahrh. XLVIII. 678 (1913).

Juniperus barbadensis Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 264 (non Linnaeus) (1784).
Juniperus virginica Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 264 (non Linnaeus) (1784).
Juniperus cernua Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 839 (1832).
Juniperus dimorpha Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 839 (1832).
Juniperus Thunbergii Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 271 (1838?).
Juniperus foetida, a. sabina Spach, Hist. Veg. XL 315 (1842) quoad synon.

J. chinensis Hort.
Juniperus flagelliformis Hort. apud Loudon, Encycl. Trees and Shrubs, 1090

(1842).
Juniperus nepalensis Hort. ex Endhcher, Syn. Conif. 21 (quasi synon.) (1847).
Cupressus nepalensis Hort. ex. Endhcher, Syn. Conif. 21 (quasi synon.) (1847).
Juniperus Reevesiana Hort. ex Endhcher, Syn. Conif. 31 (quasi synon. J.

cernuae) (1847).
Juniperus struthiaceaKm^i & Ferry, Syn. Conif. 13 (nomen nudum) (1850?).

PINACEAE. — JUNIPERUS 61

Juniperus sphaerica Lindley & Paxton in Paxton's Fl. Gard. I. 58, fig. 35

(1850-1851). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 214

(1910).
Juniperus Cabiancae Visiani in Mem. Istit. Venet. Sci. VI. 246, t. 1 **

(1856). —Gard. Chron. 1857, 548.
Sabi7ia sphaerica Antoine, Cupress. 52, t. 72 (pro parte) (1857).
Sabina chinensis Antoine, Cupress. 54, t. 75, 76, fig. a, t. 78, fig. 1, u (1857).
Sabina struthiacea Antoine, Cupress. 69 (1857).
Sabina dimorpha Antoine, Cupress. 70 (1857).

Juniperus FortuniiVa,n Houtte ex. Gordon, Pinetum, 119 (quasi synon.) (1858).
Juniperus chinensis, var. pendula Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser.

2, VII. 101 {PI. David. I. 291) (1884).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, alt. 1000-1300 m., May 24, 1907
(No. 2104, in part; tree 6-10 m. tall, branches horizontally spreading
and ascending, stiff) ; Changyang Hsien, alt. 600-1500 m., cultivated,
April 1907 (No. 2104, in part; tree 6-10 m. tall, dense, pyramidal in
habit); Hsing-shan Hsien, roadside, alt. 300-1000 m., July and No-
ember 1907 (No. 2103, in part; tree 10 m. tall, with a trunk 1 m. in
girth); without locality, A. Henry (No. 6576). Eastern Sze-
ch'uan: Wan Hsien, planted among tombs, alt. 100-300 m., April
ISO8, January 1909 (No, 2103, in part; tree 5-10 m. tall, densely
branched and pyramidal in habit). Shensi: base of the Tai-pei-
shan, 1910, W. Purdom; Tsinling mountains, January 1873, A.
David (type of /. chinensis, var. pendula Franchet).

This tree is a native of the north-eastern parts of China and is very rare in
western Hupeh and in Szech'uan where it is occasionally met with planted round
tombs and temples. In both fruit and foliage some of the specimens before us
agree exactly with the figure of J. sphaerica Lindley & Paxton and we can-
not consider this plant as a distinct species or even as a variety. Its identity with
/. chinensis Linnaeus was first suggested by Masters (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI.
543 [1902]). A colloquial name in Hupeh for this Juniper is " Ai-peh-shu." Pic-
tures will be found under Nos. 26, 462 of the collection of Wilson's photographs,
also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 485, 486.

Here may be added descriptions of two new Junipers of western China not
collected during the Arnold Arboretum expeditions.

Juniperus saltuaria Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 3-15-metralis, trunco 0.3-1 m. circuitu, habitu pyramidali, ramis strictis
erecto-patentibus v. ascendenti-patentibus in arboribus vetustis, cortice levi cin-
namomeo v. griseo-brunneo, in lamellas tenues soluto; ramuli tetragoni breves,
saepius leviter recurvi. Folia laete viridia, tertio anno marcescentia, diu per-
sistentia, heterotaxica, in ramuUs lateralibus quadrifaria, squamiformia, arete
adpressa, apice leviter incurva, triangulari-ovata, acuta v. obtusiuscula, dorso rotun-
data, inconspicue glanduhfera, 1-2 mm. longa, ea ramulorum terminalium terna,
angustius triangulari-ovata, acuta v. acuminata, 2-4 mm. longa. Flores monoeci;
mascuh terminales in ramuUs lateralibus brevibus, subglobosi, circiter 2 mm.
longi, staminibus 8-10 decussatis. Galbulus erectus v. patens, monospermus,
ovoideus v. subglobosus, 5-6 mm. longus, apice rotundatus, apicibus squamu-

62

WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

larum liberis plerumque rotundis vix prominulis notatus, ater, epruinosus, niti-
dulus; semen ovoideura, apicem versus compressum, obtusum, 4-5 mm. longum.

Kansu: Peling-shan, alt. 3300-3600 m., 1911, W. Purdom. North-western
Szech'uan: mountains to north of Sungpan Ting, alt. 3600-4000 m., September
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3013).

This new tree Juniper is very distinct in appearance and is easily recognized by
its clear, deep green, scale-like leaves and the very small, erect, shining black one-
seeded fruit. It is most closely related to J. pseudo-sabina Fischer & Meyer, which
is a shrub and is distinguished by its more pronounced dimorphic leaves, and by
its much larger, ovoid to oblong, recurved, smooth fruit. Juniperus Wallichiana
Hooker f. & Thomson apud Brandis, which is usually regarded to be the same as
J. pseudo-sabina Fischer & Meyer, agrees with our new species in habit and in
having the fruit erect, but is at once distinguished by the very large size of the fruit
which is from 2 to 3 times as large as that of J. saltuaria and quite smooth. The
leaves also differ, resembling more closely the typical plant of Fischer & Meyer
than the species here described. Possibly these three Junipers represent geograph-
ical varieties or forms of one polymorphic species, but until our knowledge con-
cerning them is more complete, it appears to us best to keep them as distinct.

Round Sungpan Ting /. saltuaria forms extensive woods and the wood, though
of no great size, is highly valued for construction purposes, and most of the houses
in the city of Sungpan are built of it. The habit of the tree is very shapely and
pyramidal and the branching is very dense, although in very old trees the habit
becomes more loose and irregular. There is no information with Purdom's speci-
mens, but from the abundance of material sent it is probably a common tree on
the Peling-shan. The Juniper collected on the mountains of the Kukunor region
and near the upper sources of the Hoang-Ho, by Przewalski, and referred (Bret-
schneider. Hist. Europ. Bot. Discoveries in China, 987) to J . pseudo-sabina, very
probably belongs to our new species. Our No. 3013 has been referred by Masters
{Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 412 [1906]) to the very different J. chinensis Linnaeus.

Juniperus convallium Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 5-10-metralis, ramis erecto-patentibus v. patentibus, cortice cinereo levi in
lamellas tenues irregulares soluto. Folia pallide viridia v. glaucescentia, tertio anno
marcescentia et brunnescentia, diu persistentia, squamiformia, quadrifaria, arete
adpressa et imbricato, ovata, acutiuscula v. obtusa, margine scariosa, circiter
1 ram. longa, dorso rotundata, glandula depressa notata, ea ramulorum termi-
nalium triangulari-ovata, acuta v. subacuminata, circiter 2 mm. longa. Galbulus
monospermus, recurvus, subglobosus v. ovoideus, 6-8 mm. longus, apicibus
squamularum minutis acutiusculis liberis basalibus plerumque majoribus notatus,
fuscus, epruinosus, nitidulus; semen globoso-ovoideum, utrinque apiculatus, 5-7
mm. longum.

Western Szech'uan: without precise locality, arid places, alt. 2500 m.,
August 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3010).

A well-marked species not closely related to any Asiatic Juniper, and readily dis-
tinguished by its shining, chestnut-brown, decurved one-seeded fruit. In habit
and appearance it somewhat resembles J. excelsa Bieberstein, but this has much
larger, glaucous-black, 2-5-seeded, erect fruit. It may also be compared with J.
saltuaria Rehder & Wilson which has more or less 4-sided branchlets, slightly
keeled leaves with inconspicuous dorsal gland and small, erect, jet-black fruit.
Juniperus convallium is apparently a rare tree and, as far as our knowledge goes,
is confined to the warm and more arid parts of the principal river valleys of the
Chino-Thibetan borderland. The tree is very Cypress-like in appearance and is
frequently very glaucous. Dr. Masters (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 412 [1906])
referred this number to the entirely different J, chinensis Linnaeus.

GRAMINEAE.

Tribus Bambuseae.
Determined by A, B. Rendle.

ARUNDINARIA Michx.

Amndinaria dumetosa Rendle, n. sp.

Frutex 0.6-2 m. altus ; culmi valde ramosi, teretes, glabri, in specimine
ad 4 mm, crassi; ramuli juveniles fasciculati; vaginae culmi internodia
subaequantes, chartaceae, glabrae, ramis floriferis arete circumvolutae;
ligula brevis truncata. Foliorum vaginae arete convolutae, glabrae;
ligula brevis truncata, glabra, ad 1.5 mm. longa; lamina in foliis juve-
nilibus lineari-oblonga, superne angustata, acuminata, 10-13 cm. longa,
1.5-2 cm. lata, basi subito in petiolum ad 5 mm. longum angustata, in
foliis adultis oblonga, interdum deorsum angustata, apice late acumi-
nata, ad 22 cm. longa, 6.5 cm. lata, in petiolum circiter 1 cm. longum
subito angustata, glabra, margine scabridula; venae secundariae
utrinque 10-11, interspatiis minute tesselatis. Inflorescentia panicu-
lata; paniculae in ramis floriferis terminales et axillares, erectae, ad
14 cm. longae et 10 cm. latae; rami ramulique rigidule patentes v.
ascendenti-patentes; pedicelli et rhachis dense cinereo-pubescentes;
spiculae sex-florae, 2.2 cm. longae; glumae steriles 2-3, inaequales,
breviter aristatae, margine ciliolatae, dorso puberulae; inferior ovata,
3-4 mm. longa, 3-nervis, nervo mediano superne in aristam brevem
product©; superior ovato-oblonga, 4.5-5 mm. longa, apice acuminata
in aristam 2-2.5 mm. longam producta, dorso carinata, 5-7-nervis;
interdum tertia huic similis sed major, 7-8 mm. longa; glumae florentes
membranaceae, approximatae (rhachillae articuli pilosuli), ovato-
oblongae, apice acuminata breviter aristatae, basi rhachillam amplec-
tantes et pilis brevibus e nodo ortis cinctae, super basin leviter cari-
natae, 7-nerves, sub apice et arista pilosulae, infima 8 mm. longa;
palea gluma brevior, 6 mm. longa, bicarinata, obtusa, 4-nervis, sub
apice sparse pilosulae; lodiculae 3, spathulatae, ciliolatae; stamina
non visa. Caryopsis oblonga, brunnea, glabra, 6-7 mm. longa.

Western Hupeh: Wen-tsao-shan, Hsing-shan-Hsien, forming
impenetrable thickets, alt. 1600-2500 m., June 1907 (No. 30).

A very distinct species perhaps nearest A. Fargesii Camus, but distinguished by
the differently branched inflorescence, the fewer-flowered spikelets, etc.

63

64 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Arundinaria szechuanensis Rendle, n. sp.

Frutex 2.5-3 m. altus; culmi teretes, glabri, in specimine florente
0.5 cm. crassi; ramuli florentes nodis nudis unilateraliter dense fascicu-
lati, saepe iterum similiter ramulosi; ramuli ultimi breves, basi vaginis
glumaceis circumdati; ramuli quidam superne bifoliati, folia lineari-
oblonga, apice graciliter acuminata, 8-11.5 cm. longa, 1-1.5 cm. lata,
basi in petiolum perbrevem (2-3 mm.) angustata, sicut vagina arete
convoluta internodium celans, glabra, margine scabridula, in facie
inferiore minute tesselata. Spiculae e nodis ramulorum florentium
orientes, 2 cm. longae, 4-florae, floribus 2 superioribus imperfectis, gla-
brae, basi bracteis 4-6 quam glumae steriles minoribus vaginatae;
glumae steriles 2, inaequales, rhachi convolutae, glabrae, ovatae, in-
ferior 5-6 mm. longa, apice obsolete mucronata, inconspicue 7-nervis,
superior internodio brevi (circiter 1 mm.) ab inferiore sejuncta,
circiter 8 mm. longa, acuta, 7-nervis; glumae florentes membrana-
ceae, articulis 3.5-2 mm. longis; rhachillae glabrae, sejunctae, ovatae,
acutae, 7-nerves, gluma infima 9 mm. longa, palea paullo brevior,
bicarinata; lodiculae 3, lanceolatae, superne ciliolatae, 3 mm. longae;
stamina 3, antherae 7 mm. longae, stylus paene ad basin bifidus.
Caryopsis ellipsoidea, brunnea, glabra, 8-9 mm. longa, pericarpio
1 mm. crasso, stigmatibus geminis marcidis coronata.

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, forming thickets, alt. 1700-
3000 m., June 1908 (No. 3408).

A very distinct species characterized by the densely clustered short flower-
branchlets springing laterally from the nodes from which the leaves have already
fallen.

The general appearance of the inflorescence suggests Phyllostachys rather than
Arundinaria but the culm is terete not with the one flattened side characteristic of
Phyllostachys. A remarkable character is the thick pericarp which, as Mr. J. S.
Gamble, who kindly confirms my determination, suggests, recalls the fruit of
Dendrocalameae rather than of Arundinarieae.

Arundinaria sp.

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, uplands, alt. 2000-3000 m., April
17, 1907 (No. 1462; 2-A m. tall, stems golden).

Without flowers.

This plant is in cultivation. It forms on the mountains of north-western Hupeh
dense thickets and with its clear golden slender stems is one of the most beautiful
of Chinese Bamboos. A picture will be found under No. 0111 of the collection
of my photographs. E. H. W.

GRAMINE AE . — B AMBUSA 65

PHYLLOSTACHYS Sieb. & Zucc.

Phyllostachys puberula Munro in Gard. Chron. n. ser. VI. 774
(1876). — Houzeau de Lehaie in Act. Congr. Intern. Bot. Bruxelles,
II. 220, t. 52-54 (1910). — Camus, Bambusees, 57.

Phyllostachys Henonis Mitford, Bamboo Gard. 149 (1896). — Stapf in Hooker's

Icon. XXVII. t. 2614 (1899).
Bamhusa puberula Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 285 (1866).
Phyllostachys nigra, var. Henonis Rendle in Jour. Linn. Sac. XXXVI. 443

(1904).

Western Hupeh: Chang-yang Hsien, alt. 900 m., June 1907
(No. 3409; 3-5 m. tall, culms black).

Phyllostachys nidularia Munro in Gard. Chron. n. ser. VI. 773, 774
(1876). — Rendle in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 442 (1904).

Phyllostachys nigra Pilger in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 227 (non Monro) (1900).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, ravines, alt. 1-900 m.. May
9, 1907 (No. 3406); Chang-yang Hsien, alt. 1-900 m., April 19, 1907
(No. 3407; 3-10 m. tall, culms thin, used for paper-making; native
name " Twei-chu")-

Abundant by the sides of streams up to 1000 m. altitude in western Hupeh.
A picture will be found under No. 490 of the collection of my photographs and
in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 337. E. H. W.

BAMBUSA Schreb.

Bambusa Beecheyana Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 108
(1868). — Rendle in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 445 (1904).

Bambusa verticillata Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 254 (non Willdenow)
(1836-1840).

Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, alt. 450 m,, April 11, 1908
(No. 3410).

Common bamboo 5-8 m. tall at low altitude in western Szech'uan. Pictures of
this Bamboo will be found under Nos. 52, 447 of the collection of my photographs
and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 128, 336. E. H. W.

Bambusa sp.

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, roadsides, alt. 450-1050 m.,
April 1907 (No. 3405; 1-2 m. tall).
Represented only by a few leaves.

LAURACEAE.

Determined by J. S. Gaaible.i

From river-level up to an altitude of 1000 metres plants of this family are
among the most important constituents of the arborescent flora of western China,
and the evergreen species are a dominant feature. Especially is this true of the
vegetation of the western limits of the Red Basin of Szech'uan, of the Chengtu
Plain and of the regions round the base of Wa-shan and Omei-shan. In these
regions, up to an altitude of 1000 metres, fully fifty per cent of the broad-leaved
trees belong to the Lauraceae. In the glens and gorges of western Hupeh and
eastern Szech'uan shrubby members of this family abound. Above an altitude of
1000 metres plants of this family quickly become a relatively unimportant part
of the forests, although, in western Hupeh, the Chinese Sassafras is a very com-
mon tree between altitudes of 1200 and 2000 metres. E. H. W.

CINNAMOMUM Blume.

Cinnamomum Wilsonii Gamble, n. sp.

Arbor 6-16 m. alta, 0.3-1 m. diam. trunci; ramuli teretes, sicci-
tate purpureo-fusci. Folia coriacea, alterna v. subopposita; ovata
V. ovato-oblonga, apice acuminata acumine obtuso, basi attenuata
in petiolum decurrentia, aliquando subrotunda; supra nitida, laevia,
glabra, subtus glauca, juventute conspicue albo-sericea, tandem glabra,
margine cartilagineo reflexo, 8-18 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata; costae
prominentes, 3 ex ima basi ortae, ad 5-20 mm. conjunctae et ibi non
semper eodem loco divergentes, additis aliquando 2 gracilibus juxta
margines, media in acumen ipsum extensa, 2 laterales curvatae etiam
in acumen extensae sed infra acumen plus minus arcuatae et cum
paucis (2-3) costae mediae nervis junctae; nervi costarum lateralium
extrorsum aliquando nulli, aliquando 3-10 curvati et cum costulis
marginalibus juncti; nervuli transversi multi, arcuati, tenues, infra
plus minus conspicui; petiolus 10-15 mm. longus, supra canaliculatus.
Flores albi, in umbellis 2-5-floris v. in racemis paucifloris longe pedun-
culatis solis v. interdum fasciculatis in axillis foliorum seu ex inter-
nodiis foliorum; pedunculus gracilis, subfiliformis, 1-6 cm. longus,
glaber v. parce puberulus; pedicelli filiformes clavati, 6-20 mm. longi,
minutissime puberuli; alabastra globosa; perianthii tubus brevis; lobi

» With notes by E. H. Wilson.
66

LAURACEAE. — CINNAMOMUM 67

6, ovati, 4-5 mm. longi, extus et intusparce sericeo-pubcruli; stamina
filamentis sericeis, ordinis I. et II. 2-3 mm. longa antheris obtusis,
ordinis III. 3 mm. longa, glandulis binis reniformibus prope medium
filamentorum munita, staminodia ordinis IV. cordata, acuta; ovarium
ovoideum, stylo incrassato, stigmate capitato. Drupa non visa;
cupula truncata, margine brevissime lobata.

Western Hupeh: without locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped.
Nos. 2003, 2098); Hsing-shan Hsien, open country, alt. 300-1000 m.,
May 30, 1907 (No. 2227). Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, May
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5183).

I consider that Ford's Nos. 153, 154 from Kwangtung Province identified by
Hemsley as Cinnamomum -pedimculatum C. G. Nees and A. Henry's No. 5497 from
Wushan Hsien, eastern Szech'uan, identified as Cinnamomum tamala Fr. Nees by
that same author belong to this species.

This new species is fairly common in open country up to an altitude of 1000
metres in western Hupeh and Szech'uan. It is a tree of medium size with a rounded,
dense, much branched head. Colloquially it is known as the "Kuei-p'i shu" and
is considered of much economic value. The twigs and bark are very fragrant
and pungent and are used medicinally as a condiment, tonic and stimulant, and
as a substitute for and adulterant of the true " Cassia-lignea " (C. Cassia
Blume). E. H. W.

Cinnamomum Wilsonii, var. multiflorum Gamble, n. var.

Arbuscula 2-3 m. alta. FoHa magis coriacea; costae e basi laminae
circa 5 mm. divergentes; costulae marginales magis evolutae e margine
forsan 4 mm. distantes. Flores flavescentes, in umbellis, racemis v.
paniculis paucifloris dense confertis ex axillis foHorum ultimorum et
peruhs conspicuis ovatis suffultis; filamenta subglabra.

Western Hupeh : neighborhood of Ichang, glens and rocky
places generally, alt. 30-300 m., abundant, April 1907 (No. 3712).

The twigs and bark of this common shrub are used in the same manner as those
of the typical form. E. H. W.

Cinnamomum argenteum Gamble, n. sp.

Arbor 6-16 m. alta, 0.3-0.8 m. diam. trunci; ramuli teretes, siccitate
purpureo-fusci, ultimi plus minus angulati; gemmae ovatae, albo-
sericeae. Folia coriacea, alterna v. subopposita, lanceolata, apice
acuminata acumine obtuso, basi attenuata; supra nitida, glabra,
subtus adpresse sericeo-velutina, juniora argenteo-sericea, 7-11 cm.
longa, 3-4 cm. lata; costae 3 supra vix prominentes, ex ima basi ortae
ad circa 5 mm. conjunctae et ibi non semper eodem loco divergentes,
additis aliquando costulis 2 e basi gracilibus juxta margines, media

68 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

in acumen ipsum porrecta, laterales 2 curvatae et sub acuminis basi
evanescentes; nervi e costa media vix 1-2 in acumen curvati, e costis
lateralibus extrorsum pauci perobscuri, ad costulas curvati; nervuli
transversi multi, arcuati, obscuri; petiolus 10-12 mm. longus, supra
canaliculatus. Flores in paniculis paucifloris (circa 8-12) ex inter-
nodiis foliorum juniorum, 6-9 cm. longis; pedunculus gracilis, sub-
filiformis, minute puberulus, 2-4 cm. longus; pedicelli filiformes
perianthium aequantes vix clavati puberuli; perianthii tubus brevis;
lobi 6 obovati, 4-5 mm. longi, intus praecipue albo-sericei ; stamina
filamentis subglabris, ordinis I. et II. 2 mm. longa antheris obtusis,
ordinis III. 2.5 mm. longa, glandulis 2 reniformibus filament! apicem
versus; staminodia ordinis IV. 1.5 mm. longa, cordata; ovarium
ovoideum, stylo incrassato, stigmate magno capitato. Drupa ellip-
soidea, 13 mm. longa, 7-8 mm. diam., glabra, pedicello vix incrassato
gracili et perianthii tubo hemispherico 4-5 mm. lato insidens.

Western Szech'uan: near Wa-shan, woodlands, alt. 1300 m,,
June and October 1908 (No. 3708).

This is a handsome tree with a relatively slender trunk, and is abundant in the
woods round the base of Movmt Wa. From the twigs and bark an inferior form
of " Cassia-lignea," is obtained. The tree is colloquially known as the " Kuei-p'i
shu." E. H. W.

Cinnamomum Camphora Fr. Nees von Esenbeck & Ebermaier,
Handh. Med. Pharm. BoL II. 430 (1831). — Bentley & Trimen, Med.
PI. III. t. 222 (1888). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 371
(1891).

Laurus Camphora, Linnaeus, Spec. 369 (1753).

Persea Camfora Sprengel, Syst. Veg. II. 268 (1825).

Camphora officinarum C. G. Nees von Esenbeck in Wallich, PI. As. Rar. II.

72 (1831); Syst. Laur. 88 (1836).
Camphora officinalis Steudel, Nomencl. BoL ed. 2, I. 271 (1840).

Kiangsi: Kiukiang, on plain, alt. 90 m., July 1907 (No. 1540).
Eastern Szech'uan: banks of the Yangtsze River, alt. 300 m.,
April 1908 (No. 3711; tree 20 m. tall, girth 2.5 m., flowers yellowish).

This is the true " Chang shu " (Camphor tree) of Chinese books and is a very
rare tree in western Hupeh and Szech'uan where no camphor is prepared. In
eastern Hupeh, I have been credibly informed, a small amount of camphor is
obtained but whether from this species or from C. hupehanum Gamble, I am un-
able to say. E. H. W.

Cinnamomum inunctum Meissner in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. I.
25 (1864).

LAURACEAE. — CINNAMOMUM 69

Camphora immcta C G. Nees von Esenbeck in Wallich, PI. As. Rar. III. 32

(1832); Syst. Laur. 89 (1836).
Western Szech'uan : Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5178).

Cinnamomum inunctum, var. longepaniculatum Gamble, n. var.

Arbor 6-20 m. alta, 0.3-1 m. trunci diam. Folia lanceolata, apice
longe acuminata, basi cuneata saepe inaequaliter, glabra; nervorum
par infimum oppositum v. suboppositum ; glandulae conspicuae;
petiolus ad 3 cm. longus. Paniculae 10-20 cm. longae, ramosae;
pedunculus 10 cm. longus, ut rami et pedicelli capillaris; rami ultimi
triflori, glabri.

Western Szech'uan: Yachou Fu, 600-1000 m. alt., June 1908

(No. 3710).

This is a common tree throughout the Red Basin of Szech'uan up to 1000 m.
altitude. A picture of it will be found under No. 451 of the collection of my
photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 164. E. H. W.

Cinnamomum inunctum var. albosericeum Gamble, n. var.

Arbor 16-25 m. alta, 0.6-1.5 m. trunci diam.; ramuli subcrassi,
angulati, ut gemmae albo-sericei. Folia subcoriacea, elliptica v.
elliptico-oblanceolata, apice breve-acuminata, basi cuneata; supra
parce puberula, infra praecipue ad nervos conspicue albo-sericea,
tandem glabrescentia, 10-15 cm, longa, 5-7 cm. lata; glandulae
inconspicuae; petioli 2-3 cm. longi. Panicula sericea, axillaris, ad
15 cm, longa, ramis divaricatis multifloris; pedunculus ad 6 cm.
longus; pedicelli vix 1-2 mm. longi; perianthii lobi glandulosi.

Western Szech'uan: near the city of Mien-chu Hsien, 600 m.
alt., May 19, 1908 (No. 3713).

Like the preceding variety this is a common tree throughout the Red Basin of
Szech'uan up to an altitude of 1000 metres, where both are colloquially styled
"Chang shu " (Camphor tree), and the fragrant wood is made into high class
furniture. The thick main roots furnish a beautifully marked wood known as
" Ying mu " which is highly valued in cabinet work.

This variety grows to a larger size than the variety longepaniculatum, or any
other Camphor tree known in western China. It is a strikingly handsome ever-
green tree with a thick trunk, smooth gray bark, and a more or less oval head com-
posed of massive wide-spreading branches. A picture of this tree will be found in
the collection of my photographs under No. 0229. E. H. W.

Cinnamomum hupehanum Gamble, n. sp.

Arbor 15-16 m. alta, 2-2.5 m. trunci diam.; ramuli teretes pur-
pureo-fusci, glabri, ultimi angulati; gemmae ovatae, perulis sparse
albo-sericeis. Folia alterna, chartacea, ovata v, elliptico-ovata, apice
breviter acuminata, basi rotundata, juniora acuta, supra juventute

70 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

minute pubemla, tandem glabra lucida, subtus glauca pubemla,
juniora appresse caesio-sericea, 8-17 cm. longa, 3-10 cm. lata; nervi
utrinque 4-6, alterni v. paribus 1-2 infimis suboppositis, irregulariter
ascendentes, supra vix prominentes; nervuli transversi obscuri sicut
reticulatio; glandulae in axillis nervorum parvae supra baud bulbosae;
petiolus 2-3 cm. longus. Paniculae axillares v. laterales e ramulis
junioribus, inflorescentiam conspicuam terminalem saepe simulantes,
foliis parvis admixtis, 10-15 cm. longae, ramosae, ramis di-trichotomis ;
pedunculus teres, glaber, 4-6 cm. longus; rami angulati; pedicelli
breves, filiformes, 2-4 mm. longi; perianthii tubus infundibularis,
glaber; lobi ovati, 1-2 mm. longi, intus albo-sericei, reflexi et cito
decidui; stamina minuta, ordinis I. et II. circa 1 mm. longa, antheris
subrotundis et filamentis subglabris, ordinis III. paullo longiora,
magis puberula, glandulis 2 magnis reniformibus prope basim fila-
mentorum, ordinis IV. staminodia cordata, subsessilia, circa 0.5 mm.
longa, sericea; ovarium subglobosum, stylo erecto, stigmate capitato.
Drupa globosa, 7-8 mm. diam., glabra, pedicello incrassato et peri-
anthii tubo reflexo insidens.

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woods and open
country, alt. 300-1000 m., common, June and August 1907 (No.
2226); Patung Hsien, woodlands, alt. 300-1000 m., August 1907 (No.
3709); without locality (Veitch Exped. Nos. 464, 836, 1944).

I also place with this A. Henry's No. 3936 collected at Nanto and on moun-
tains to northward, identified by Hemsley as C. parthenoxylon Meissner.

This is the common Camphor tree of western Hupeh where it is always spoken
of as the "Chang shu," though I never heard of any camphor being prepared from
its wood. It grows to a medium height and has a thick trunk clothed with smooth
grey bark, and an oval or flattened wide head. The wood is very fragrant, greenish-
white and brown and is largely used in making furniture. A picture of this tree
will be found under No. 494 of the collection of my photographs and also in my
Vegetation of Western China, No. 165. E. H. W.

Here may be added a note on a Cinnamomum not collected during the Arnold
Arboretum Expeditions.

Cinnamomum pedunculatum C. G. Nees, var. angustifolium Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXVI. 373 (1891).

Western Hupeh: without locahty, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 85).

ALSEODAPHNE Nees.

Alseodaphne omeiensis Gamble, n. sp.

Arbor ad 12 m. alta, ramulis teretibus pallidis conspicue lenticel-
latis. Folia alterna, coriacea, oblanceolata, apice abrupte acuminata,
basi longe attenuata; supra opaca, oUvacea, subtus glaucescentia,

LAURACEAE. — PHOEBE 71

marginibus recurvis, 10-18 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata; costa conspicua
crassa; nervi laterales utrinque 10-12, prominentes, nervulis irregu-
laribus sparsis inter se juncti; petiolus gracilis, 1-2 cm, longus. Flores
in paniculis gracilibus paucifloris axillaribus v. lateralibus ad 8 cm.
longis; pedunculus fere filiformis; ramuli 2-3-flori, bracteis parvis
linearibus; perianthii tubus brevis glaber; lobi ovati, exteriores paullo
breviores; stamina 9 minima, 1 mm. longa, ordinis I. et II. antheris
orbicularibus obtusis, ordinis III. antheris oblongis, ad basim filamen-
torum glandulis 2 parvis reniformibus munita, ordinis IV, staminodia
cordata, breviter stipitata; ovarium globosum, stylo gracili, stigmate
parvo capitato. Bacca globosa, glabra, 1 cm. diam,, supra perian-
thii tubum incrassatum lobis persistentibus insidens; pedicellus
fructifer incrassatus, 6 mm. longus.

Western Szech'uan: near Wa-wa-shan, Hung-ya Hsien, alt.
1000-1200 m., September 6, 1908 (No, 3702; bush 2-3 m. high); Mt.
Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped., No. 5185, type).

I have been much in doubt about the genus of this plant. It has the appearance
of a Phoebe near P. lanceolata Nees, but with distinctly oblanceolate leaves; the
very small flowers and the comparatively large fruit with enlarged pedicel, however,
point to Alseodaphne.

PHOEBE Nees.
Phoebe macrophylla Gamble, n. comb.

Machilus macrophylla Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Sac. XXVI. 375 (1891).

Western Szech'uan: Chengtu Plain, round temples and houses,
alt. 500-700 m.. May 11, 1908 (No. 3705; tree 16 m. tall, girth 2 m.).
Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No.
S without locality, May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 99^).

In western Hupeh and Szech'uan the name " Nanmu shu " is applied to this
and the other species of Phoebe and to the genera Machilus and Actinodaphne.
These trees are the source of " Nanmu " one of the most valuable of all Chinese
timbers. All the species are evergreen and singularly handsome trees. In
Szech'uan they are abundant up to an altitude of 1000 metres, often forming
extensive woods. They are largely planted round homesteads and temples and
are a prominent feature of the scenery of parts of the Chengtu Plain and of the
region round the base of Mount Omei. These trees grow to a great size and have
clean, straight trunks and wide, umbrageous heads. The wood is close-grained,
fragrant, greenish-white and brown in color, easily worked and very durable. It
is highly esteemed in furniture-making, and for pillars and beams in the temples
and in the houses of the wealthy. In the form of planks it is used for the bottoms
of boats. Phoebe macrophylla Gamble, is one of the commonest and most widely
spread species of " Nanmu " trees. A picture of it will be found under No. 67 of
the collection of my photographs and in my Vegetation of Western China, No.
301. E. H. W.

72 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Phoebe neurantha Gamble, n. comb.
Machilus neurantha Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 376 (1891).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, alt. 1000 m., August 1907 (No. i6i8;
bush 1.2-1,8 m. high). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets,
alt. 600-1000 m., October 1907 (No. 462; tree 10-13 m. tall, girth
1-2 m., fruit black); without locahty, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. Nos.
2006,2121). Western Szech'uan: Hungyah Hsien, around base
of Wa-wu-shan, alt. 1200 m., abundant, September 13, 1908 (No.
3703; tree 10 m. tall, fruit globose, black).

This very common and widely distributed species of Nanmu is usually a rela-
tively small and slender tree but occasionally very tall specimens are met with.
A picture of an unusually fine tree of this species will be found under No. 320 of
the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, No.
304. E. H. W.

Phoebe nanmu Gamble, n. comb.

Persea Nanmu Ohver in Hooker's Icon. XIV. 10, t. 1316 (1880).
Machilus Nanmu Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 376 (1891).

Western Szech'uan: Yachou Fu, woodlands, alt. 600-1000 m.,
October 1910 (No. 4591; tree 20-26 m. tall, girth 1,60-3 m.); Kuan
Hsien, open country, alt. 800-1000 m., October 1910 (No. 4590; tree
26 m. tall, girth 3 m.).

This is a common tree in western Szech'uan where specimens of large size are
often met with. A picture of a magnificent example of this species of " Nanmu "
will be found under No. 281 of the collection of my photographs and also in my
Vegetation of Western China, No. 302. E. H. W.

Phoebe Sheareri Gamble, n. comb.
Machilus Sheareri Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 377 (1891).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, thickets and woodlands, alt.
600-1200 m., common. May 1907 (No. 3696; tree 6-15 m. tall, girth
0,6-1,3 m,, flowers white); Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt, 300-
1000 m., abundant, June 1907 (No. 3697; tree 6-15 m. tall, girth 1-
2 m., flowers white); Kui Chou, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2007);
without locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No, 1163).

To this species I am also inclined to refer the following specimens
which have much less pubescence and narrower leaves more acumi-
nate both at apex and base, but which seem to differ little otherwise:
Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, side of streams, alt. 300-1000 m.,
abundant, June and September 1907 (No. 3698, tree 6-15 m. tall,

LAURACEAE. — MACHILXJS

73

girth 1-2 m., wood rather soft, yellowish) ; Chienshi Hsien, July 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 1329). Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, June
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5184^).

MACHILUS Nees.

Machilus Boumei Hemsley in Jour. Ldnn. Soc. XXVI. 373 (1891).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets in rocky places, alt.
300-1000 m., July 1907 (Nos. 3699, 3704; tree 6-15 m. tall, girth 1-
1.5 m., flowers white) ; without locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No.
2006). Western Szech'uan: Chengtu Plain, round houses and
temples, alt. 300-600 m., abundant. May 11, 1908 (No. 3701; tree
12-33 m. tall, girth 2-4 m., flowers yellowish) ; Kiating Fu, alt. 300-
1300 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4426); Mt. Omei, 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 5184).

This is the most common species of " Nanmu " in western Szech'uan and is
particularly abundant on the Chengtu Plain. It is a tall, stately, densely leafy
tree with ascending main branches and relatively short and thin, spreading sec-
ondary and tertiary branches. The leaves are comparatively small and narrow
and bright shining green on the upper surface. It is a tree of slow growth, but on
account of its beauty and its valuable timber it has been largely planted in the
temple grounds everywhere in western Szech'uan up to an altitude of 1000 metres.
Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 101, 290, 300, 0238, of the collection
of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 36, 303.

E. H. W.

Machilus Thunbergii Siebold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Milnch.

IV. pt. III. 202 {Fl Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 78) (1846).

Laurus indica Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 173 (non Linnaeus) (1784).
Machilus japonica Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. III. 202
{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 78) (1846).

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, thickets and woodlands,
alt. 300-1000 m., common. May 1907 (Nos. 3695, 3700; tree 6-15 m.
tall, girth 1-1.5 m., flowers whitish); Nanto, April 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 99); without locality, April and June 1901 (Veitch Exped. Nos.
119,366). Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 5184'').

This is a tree of medium size very common in western Hupeh where it is collo-
quially known as the " Hsao Nanmu " (Little Nanmu). E. H. W.

To this species also belongs, in my opinion, the following specimen from west-
ern Hupeh, although the leaves are longer and more narrowly oblanceolate:
Patung Hsien, May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1933).

Here may be added a note on another Chinese species not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expedition.

74 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Machilus microcarpa Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 376 (1891).
Western Hupeh: without locality, July and October 1901 (Veitch Exped.
Nos. 1826, 2783).

SASSAFRAS L.

Sassafras tzumu Hemsley in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1907, 55;

in Hooker's Icon. XXIX. t. 2833 (1907).

Lindera Tzumu Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 392 (1891).
Litsea laxiflora Hemsley, 1. c. 383, t. 8 (1891).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., not common, July 30,
1907 (No. 1714; small tree 5-8 m. tall). Western Hupeh : north
and south of Ichang, woods, alt. 1000-1850 m., abundant. May, June
1907 (No. 710, in part; tree 6-26 m. tall, girth 0.3-3 m.); Changyang
Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1800 m., common, April, May, September
1907 (No. 710, in part; tree 15-25 m. tall, girth 1-3 m., flowers yellow,
fruit blue-black, cupule orange-red); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt.
1000-1600 m., common, September 1907 (No. 710, in part; tree 15-
30 m. tall, girth 1-4 m.); Kui Chou, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 64,
in part); without locality, April 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 64, in part).
Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor.

The Chinese Sassafras is abundant in moist, rich woods on the mountains of
western Hupeh, but it has not yet been reported from western Szech'uan. It is a
handsome tree occasionally 35 metres tall, with a straight trunk 5 metres or more
in girth near the base; the branches are horizontally spreading and give a char-
acteristic appearance to the tree. On young trees the bark is smooth and yellow-
green; on old trees it is dark gray, longitudinally fissured and rugged. The yellow
flowers are produced in great quantity in early April before the leaves unfold and
when in flower the trees are very conspicuous. The flowers though apparently
hermaphrodite are functionally unisexual and my observations lead me to believe
that they are polygamo-dioecious. The fruit is black with a glaucous bloom and
the cupule is orange-red. In the late autumn the leaves assume beautiful tints
of orange and red. The wood is not valued, and its chief use is for fuel though it
is also employed for making packing cases. Pictures of this tree will be found
under Nos. 559, 681, 706, 066 of the collection of my photographs and also in my
Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 470, 471, 472. In Hupeh this tree is collo-
quially known as the " Tzumu shu." E. H. W.

ACTINODAPHNE Nees.
Actinodaphne confertifolia Gamble, n. comb.

Litsea confertifolia Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 379, t. 7 (1891).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000 m.,
September 1907 (No. 358, bush 2 m., fruit black); without locality,

LAURACEAE. — LITSEA 75

October 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 421"). Western Szech'uan : Mt.
Omei, thickets, alt. 1100 m., October 1908 (No. 1117; tree 6 m.
tall, fruit black); same locality, November 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
4425).

This is a tree of medium size common in western Hupeh and Szech'uan. With
other species of the genus it is colloquially known as " Nanmu shu." E. H. W.

Here may be added notes on two other Chinese species not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Actinodaphne cupularis Gamble, n. comb.
Litsea cupularis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 380 (1891).

Western Hupeh: without locality, September and November 1901 (Veitch
Exped. Nos. 2637% 421). Western Szech'uan : Mt. Omei, September 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 5179) ; without locality, A. E. Pratt (No. 799).

Actinodaphne reticulata Meissner in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. I. 212 (1864).

Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, October 1903, 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos.
4424, 5177).

LITSEA Lam.
Litsea citrata Blume, Bijdr. 565 (1825).

Tetranthera citrata C. G. Nees von Esenbeck, Sijst. Laur. 560 (1836).
Tetranthera polyantha Wallich, Cat. No. 2538 (nomen nudum) (1829). — C. G.
Nees von Esenbeck in Wallich, PI. As. Rar. II. 67 (1831).

Kiangsi : Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., abundant, July 1907 (No.
1625; bush 2-3 m.). Western Hupeh : neighborhood of Ichang,
ravines, alt. 300-600 m., March 20, July 1907 (No. 3689; bush 2-5 m.,
flowers yellow, fruit black) ; same locality, April and September 1901
(Veitch Exped. Nos. 1795, 2637). Western Szech'uan: west and
near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300 m., September 1908 (No.
821; bush 2,5 m., fruit black).

Litsea sericea Hooker f., Fl Brit. Ind. V. 156 (1886).

Tetranthera sericea Walhch apud C. G. Nees von Esenbeck in Wallich, PI. As.
Rar. II. 67 (1831). — C. G. Nees von Esenbeck, Syst. Laur. 565 (1836).

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, ravines and woodlands, alt.
300-1000 m., April 1907 (Nos. 3688, 3687, in part; bush or slender
tree 2-6 m. tall, flowers yellow); same locality, alt. 1350 m., April 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 424); near Ichang, thickets, alt. 300-500 m.,
common, April 1907 (No. 3687, in part; bush 2-3 m., flowers yellow).
Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, May 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 623). Western Szech'uan : Tung River valley, near Wa-shan,
thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., June 1908 (No. 3674; bush 4-6 m., flowers
yellow); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5176).

76 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Litsea pungens Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 384 (1891).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1300
m., May 10, August 1907 (No. 295; bush 3-6 m., flowers greenish-
yellow, fruit black); same locality, April 1901 (Veitch Exped. No.
1873); Changyang Hsien, ravines and woods, alt. 1000-1300 m.,
April, May 23, 1907 (No. 3683; bush 2-4 m., sparingly branched,
flowers yellow); near Ichang, ravines, alt. 300-600 m., March 1907
(No. 3682; bush 3 m., flowers yellow); Patung Hsien, April 1901
(Veitch Exped. No. 1770). Western Szech'uan: Malie, near Wa-
shan, thickets, alt. 1000-1500 m., September 16, 1908 (No. 867; bush
4-6 m., fruit black) ; near Monkong Ting, valley of Hsao-chin Ho, alt.
2300-2600 m., June 29, 1908 (No. 3676; bush 2-4 m., fruit blue-black).
Eastern Szech'uan : Wushan Hsien, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No.
594).

It is quite possible that investigation in the field will show that two species are
included here, but at present it is not possible to distinguish them.

This common and widely distributed shrub is colloquially known as " Mu-
chiangtzu " or " Shan-hu-chiao." The fruit which is very pungent is used as a
condiment. E. H. W.

Litsea Veitchiana Gamble, n. sp.

Frutex, circa 3 m. altus; ramuli subcrassi, cortice cinnamomeo
rugoso nitido; gemmae lanceolatae, perulis acuminatis parce pilosis.
Folia membranacea, obovata, apice acuta, basi attenuata, supra
glabra, siccitate oHvacea, subtus praecipue in juventute et secus
costam pilis longis aureo-sericeis munita; 4-8 cm. longa, 2.5-4 cm.
lata; nervi utrinque 7-9, irregulares, arcuati, saepe ramosi; nervuU
transversi conspicui, subparalleli ; reticulatio conspicue areolata;
petiolus circa 1 cm. longus, parce pilosus. Umbellulae S ignotae; 9
axillares v. solitarii ex internodiis foliorum; pedunculus crassus, 3-4
mm. longus, fructifer ad 1 cm. longus, lignosus; involucri bracteae
ovatae, acutae, ciliatae; flores in umbellulis ad 10; perianthii 9 tubus
brevis, villosus; lobi ovati v. suborbiculares, glandulosi, trinervii,
glabri, 1.5 mm. longi; staminodia 9 v. 12, aUquando 2-3 exteriora
petaloidea, ordinum I. et II. clavata obtusa, ordinis III. subulata
glanduHs 2 magnis obtusis ad basim munita; ovarium ovoideum,
stylo brevi, stigmate capitato. Bacca globosa, nigra, 4 mm. diam.
supra perianthii tubum pauUo incrassatum insidens; pedicelU fructi-
feri sursum incrassati, parce pilosi, 2 cm. longi; semen baccae con-
forme.

Western Szech'uan: without locality, alt. 2500 m., July 1903

LAXJRACEAE. — LITSEA 77

(Veitch Exped. No. 4426); Mupin, thickets, alt. 1000-1600 m., June
1908 (No. 3672).

Litsea ichangensis Gamble, n. sp.

Frutex erectus, 1-4 m. altus; ramuli graciles, teretes, nigro-brunnei;
gemmae lanceolatae, glabrae, perulis acuminatis. Folia chartacea,
obovata v. fere orbicularia, apice acuta, basi cuneata; supra glabra,
siccitate olivacea, subtus pallida, juniora praecipue in nervorum
axillis sericeo-hirsuta, tandem glabra; 2-5 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata;
nervi utrinsecus 4-6, tenues, pallidi; reticulatio areolata; petiolus
gracilis, 5-15 mm. longus, glaber. Florum umbellulae singulae v.
binae e basi innovationum; pedunculus subcrassus, ad 5 mm. longus;
bracteae involucrales citissimo deciduae, $ orbiculares, 9 ovato-
acuminatae, 5-7-nervae, glanduloso-punctatae ; flores in umbellulis
saepissime 9; pedicelli filiformes, albo-sericei, circa 5 mm. longi; perian-
thii tubus vix ullus; lobi in $ obovati v. fere orbiculares, glanduloso-
punctati, 2-3 mm. diam., fere glabri; in 9 similes, sed multo minores
vix 1 mm. diam.; stamina in J 9; ordinum I, et II. 1.5-2 mm. longa,
antheris subquadratis, filamentis glabris; ordinis III. similia, basi
glandulis 2 magnis vix stipitatis munita, omnia glanduloso-punctata;
staminodia in 9 9: ordinum I. et II. clavata, ordinis III. subulata et
glandulis ut in $ munita; omnia glanduloso-punctata; ovarium ovoi-
deum, stylo brevi, stigmate capitato. Bacca nigra, 5 mm. diam.,
supra perianthii tubum paullo incrassatum et obconicum insidens;
pedicelli graciles, 1-1.5 cm. longi; semen baccae conforme; testa
Crustacea; cotyledones hemisphericae.

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woodlands, alt. 300-
1500 m., abundant, May, July, August and September 1907 (Nos.
297, 298); same locahty, 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 34).

The flowers and fruit when boiled give out a pleasant scent of lemon.

Litsea populifolia Gamble, n. comb.

Lindera populifolia Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 390 (1891).

Western Szech'uan: around base of Wa-shan, thickets, alt.
1300-1600 m., June and July 1908 (No. 3693; bush 2.5-4 m. tall, fruit
black); Mt. Omei, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5182); without pre-
cise locality, A. E. Pratt (No. 806).

Litsea fruticosa Gamble, n. comb.
Lindera fruHcosa Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 388 (1891).

'-^..

78 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., common, July 1907 (Nos.
1636, 1659; bush 2-3 m.). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien,
thickets, alt. 1000 m., rare, May 22, 1907 (No. 3670; bush 1 m.);
without locality, May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1946). Eastern
Szech'uan: Taning Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m., June 1910
(No. 4587; bush 4 m.).

Litsea Wilsonii Gamble, n. sp.

Arbor ad 10 m. alta; ramuU subcrassi, brunnei, ultimi ferrugineo-
velutini. Folia chartacea, alterna obovata, apice abrupte breviter
acuminata, basi attenuata v. cuneata; supra glabra, olivacea, subtus
ferrugineo-velutina, 9-14 cm. longa, 4-6 cm. lata; costa conspicua,
subtus conspicue elevata; nervi utrinque 6-10 curvati et prope mar-
ginem arcuatim juncti, secundarii pauci breves; nervuU trans versi
paralleli, omnes subtus conspicui; petiolus 1-3.5 cm. longus, ferrugineo-
velutinus. Flores in umbellulis pedunculatis in racemis axillaribus
fulvo-velutinis brevibus (vix 1 cm. longis) 3-4-floris; pedunculi 1 cm.
longi; bracteae ovatae, deciduae ; bracteae involucrales 4-6, orbiculares,
reflexae, 5 mm. longae; flores in umbellulis <? 6, pedicellis brevibus
sericeo-villosis; perianthii $ tubus brevis; lobi obovati, 3 mm. longi,
glanduloso-punctati, extus villosi, intus glabri; 9 ignoti; stamina
normaliter 9, exserta (ahquando, praecipue in flore medio, plura);
ordinis I. et II. 6 mm. longa, antheris obovatis et filamentis gracilibus
parce hirsutis; ordinis III. breviora, 4-5 mm. longa, antheris oblongis
et filamentis ad basim glanduHs 2 stipitatis munitis; ovarium in flore
$ rudimentarium nullum, in flore 9 ignotum. Drupa ellipsoidea
glabra, 1 cm. longa et 7 mm. diam., basi perianthii tubo incrassato
irregulariter fisso 3 mm. longo suffulta; pedicellus fructifer incrassa-
tus, ad 5 mm. longus.

Western Szech'uan: without precise locality, ravines, alt. 1200
m., July and October 1903 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 4422, 4422^); Kiating
Fu, hill-side thickets, alt. 300-500 m., September 1908 (No. 3694).

This species is near L. elongata Hooker f., and L. Faberi Hemsley, but the
leaves are less prominently nerved and are distinctly obovate in shape.

Here may be added notes on two Chinese species not collected during the Arnold
Arboretum Expeditions.

Litsea elongata Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 165 (1886).
Daphnidium elongatum C. G. Nees von Esenbeck in Wallich, PL As. Rar. II.
63 (1831); Syst. Laur. 620 (1836).
Western Hupeh : without locality, April and September 1901 (Veitch Exped.
Nos. 1784, 2591).

LAUKACEAE. LINDERA 79

Litsea Faberi Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 381 (1891).
Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5175).

NEOLITSEA Merr.
Neolitsea lanuginosa Gamble, n. comb.

Tetradenia lanuginosa C. G. Nees von Esenbeck in Wallich, PI. As. Rar. II.

64, t. 576 (sphalmate Tetranthera) (1831).
Litsea lanuginosa C. G. Nees von Esenbeck, Syst. Laur. 634 (1836).

Neolitsea lanuginosa, var. chinensis Gamble, n. var.

Folia glabriora, oblanceolata, subtus magis glauca et costis nervis
et nervulis transversis magis prominentibus. Drupa globosa nigra.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, woodlands, alt. 900-1200 m.,
October 1908 (No. 3707; small tree 9 m. tall). Western Hupeh:
Patung Hsien, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2266).

Here may be added a note on another Chinese species not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Neolitsea umbrosa Gamble, n. comb.

Tetradenia umbrosa C. G. Nees von Esenbeck in Wallich, PI. As. Rar. II. 64

(1831), excludenda var. /3.
Tetradenia consimilis C. G. Nees von Esenbeck, 1. c. (1831).
Litsea umbrosa C. G. Nees von Esenbeck, Syst. Laur. 623 (1836).
Litsea consimilis C. G. Nees von Esenbeck, 1. c. 628 (1836), excludendo

synonymo Laurus involucrata Roxburgh.

Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, September 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5180).

LINDERA Thumb.

Lindera communis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 387 (1891).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, ravines, alt. 300-
1000 m., common, May and September 1907 (No. 296, in part; bush
2-5 m., flowers yellow, fruit dark red); Hsing-shan Hsien, ravines,
alt. 600 m.. May 10, 1907 (No. 296, in part; bush 5 m., flowers yellow);
Changlo Hsien, cliffs, alt. 300-800 m.. May 1907 (No. 296, in part;
bush 3-4 m., flowers yellow); without locality, April and May 1900
(Veitch Exped. Nos. 246, 600). Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu,
thickets, alt. 300-600 m.. May 1908 (No. 3726; bush 3 m.).

This and other evergreen shrubby species of Lindera abound on the cliffs of
the glens and gorges of western Hupeh and Szech'uan. These shrubs are cut
down and tied into bundles and thoroughly dried in the sun. The branches
and leaves are then pounded into powder in a stamping mill driven by water
power: the powder is treated with glutinous rice-water to make it adhesive and is

80 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

made into incense sticks. These sticks, by foreigners termed " joss-sticks " are
used by the Chinese in enormous quantities at all religious ceremonies. When
burning they emit a pleasant fragrance. E. H. W.

Lindera glauca Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 325 (1850).

Benzoin glaucum Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. III. 205
{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 81) (1846).

Kiangsi : Kuling, thickets, alt. 1200 m., July 1907 (No. 1620; bush
2.3 m.). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets,
alt. 300-1300 m., abundant, April and October 1907 (No. 563; bush
2-4 m. tall, flowers yellow, fruit black) ; Changyang Hsien, April 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 49) ; without locahty, June 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 1788). Eastern Szech'uan: banks of Yangtsze River, alt.
300 m., April 1908 (No. 3677; bush 2 m.).

This is an exceedingly common deciduous shrub in western Hupeh and the
leaves assume very fine colors in the autumn. In late summer the plants are cut
down and converted into incense in the same way and by the same process as that
of the evergreen species. E. H. W.

Lindera megaphylla Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 389 (1891).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woods and open
country, alt. 300-1000 m., common, October 1902 (No. 302, in part;
tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 1-3 m., fruit shining black); in a ravine 50
kilometres south of Ichang, alt. 300 m., March 15, 1907 (No. 302, S,
in part; tree 16 m. tall, girth 2 m., flowers yellow) ; 30 kilometres south
of Ichang, alt. 300 m., March 20, 1907 (No. 302, <?, in part; tree 10 m.
tall, girth 1.5 m., flowers yellow); Changlo Hsien, open country, alt.
300-1000 m., April, May 1907 (No. 302, in part, 9 ; tree 6-15 m. tall,
girth 1-2 m., flowers yellow); Changyang Hsien, roadsides, alt. 600
m., July and November 1907 (No. 302, in part; tree 12-16 m. tall,
girth 1.5-2 m.); Hsing-shan Hsien, roadside, alt. 800 m., October
1907 (No. 302, in part; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1 m.); without precise
locality, alt. 300-750 m., April and October 1900 (Veitch Exped. No.
59). Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, alt. 300-1300 m., common,
June 1908 (No. 3706, in part; tree 13-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-3 m.) ; Wen-
ch'uan Hsien, valley of Min River, alt. 600-1300 m., October 1908,
(No. 3706, in part; tree 12-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-3 m., fruit black).

This handsome umbrageous tree is one of the most common evergreens in west-
ern Hupeh and Szech'uan up to an altitude of 1200 metres. The branches are
thick, erect-spreading and form a more or less broadly oval crown. The trunk is
massive and the bark is gray and rather rough. This species is dioecious, and the
stalked clusters of flower-buds are formed and are prominent in late autumn but

LAUEACEAE. — LINDERA 81

do not commence to open until early spring. The ovoid plum-like fruit is shining
black and is produced in enormous quantity. Colloquially this tree is known as
" Nanmu shu " and the wood is valued for furniture making and in general car-
pentry.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 73, 347, 493 of the collection of
my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 290, 291, 292.

E. H. W.

Lindera umbellata Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 145, t. 21 (1784).

Benzoin Thunbergii Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. III.
204 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 80) (1846).

Kiangsi : Kuling, thickets, alt. 1200 m., July 1907 (No. 1634; bush
1.5-2 m., tall). Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, thickets, alt.
600-1300 m., July 1907 (No. 3684; bush 2.5-3 m. tall, fruit black);
Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-2000 m., August 1907 (No. 3680;
bush 3-4 m., fruit black); without locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 34, in part). Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan
Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., September 1908 (No. 3673; bush
3 m. tall, fruit black); northeast of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2600-
3000 m., July 4, 1908 (No. 3675; bush 5-6 m. tall); without precise
locaUty, alt. 3000 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4427).

No. 3675 seems a little doubtful.

Here may be added the description of a new variety not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Lindera umbellata, var. latifolia Gamble, n. var.

Folia ovata, acuminata, ad 11 cm. longa, 6 cm. lata. Pedicelli fructiferi crassiores.
Western Hupeh: without locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 610**).
I consider that Shearer's specimen from Kiukiang and Faber's No. 42 from
Ningpo Mts. in Herb. Kew, also belong to this variety.

Lindera membranacea Maximo wicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Peter s-
hourg, XII. 72 (1867); in Mel. Biol. VI. 175 (1867).

Benzoin membranaceum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. I. 569 (1891).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, ravines, alt. 600-1000 m.,
September 1907 (No. 3671; bush 2-4 m.); near Ichang, thickets, alt.
300-1000 m., May 1907 (No. 3681; bush 3 m., flowers yellow); Hsing-
shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-1300 m., common. May and July 1907
(No. 3678, in part; bush 2-4 m., flowers yellow, fruit black); Chang-
yang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 600-1100 m., common, April 1907 (No.
3678, in part; bush 2-6 m. tall, flowers yellow); Kui Chou, July 1901
(Veitch Exped. No. 2784); without locality, September 1901 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1795^).

82 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

In Hupeh this shrub is commonly known as " Mu-chiangtzu " and the pungent
fruit is used as a spice. E. H. W.

Lindera refiexa Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 391 (1891).
Kiangsi : Ruling, thickets, alt. 1200 m., common, July and August
1907 (Nos. 1621, 1632, 1639; bush 3 m. tall).

I make this identification with some doubt because Ford's specimen from which
Hemsley described the species is rather poor.

Lindera setchuenensis Gamble, n. sp.

Arbor ad 18 m. alta, ramulis brunneis conspicue lenticellatis
gracilibus. Folia chartacea, Hneari-oblonga, apice et basi acuminata,
supra glabra olivacea, subtus grisea, praesertim ad nervos et nervulos
minute pubescentia, 15-17 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata; costa supra
gracilis, subimpressa, subtus conspicue elevata; nervi laterales utrinque
circa 17, secundariis brevibus alternantibus multis; nervulis transversi
conspicui, ramosi; reticulatio areolata; petiolus gracilis 7 mm. longus.
Umbellulae $ nondum visae, 9 solitariae v. binae ex axillis foliorum;
pedunculus brevis; bracteae involucrales orbiculares, fere glabrae, 3
mm. longae; flores in umbellulis 5; perianthii lobi oblongi, tenues, vix
1 mm. longi; staminodia 9, ordinum I. et II. clavata, 0.75 mm. longa,
basi villosa, ordinis III. paullo breviora, obtusa, glanduUs 2 magnis
capitatis stipitatis ad basim; ovarium ovoideum, stylo curvato, stig-
mate capitato. Bacca ovoidea, 1 cm. longa, perianthii tubo incrassato
cupuliformi staminodiis persistentibus suffulta; pedicellus fructifer
incrassatus, 5 mm. longus.

Western Szech'uan: Yachou Fu, open country, alt. 900 m.,
October 1910 (No. 4586).

Lindera strychnifolia Villar in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3, Nov. App,
182(1880). rs.;...v..c..^^)K^.v.:)

Benzoin strychnifolium^Kunize, Rev. Gen. PI. I. 569 (1891).
Daphnidium stnjchnifolium Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV.
pt. III. 207 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 83) (1846).

Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1200 m., July 1907 (No. 1635; a
dense bush 1-2 m. tall). Western Szech'uan: Wen-ch'uan Hsien,
thickets, alt. 1200-1500 m., October 1910 (No. 4593; bush 3 m. tall,
fruit black).

Lindera strychnifolia, var. Hemsleyana Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX.
352 (1900).

Lindera strychnifolia, var.? Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 392 (1891).

LAURACEAE. — LINDERA 83

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, ravines, alt. 300-
600 m., March and June 1907 (No. 3721; bush 3 m. tall); Patung
Hsien, ravines, alt. 300-1000 m., April 1907 (No. 3722; bush 2-3 m.
tall, flowers yellow); Hsing-shan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 600-1000 m.. May

1907 (No. 3725; bush 4-6 m.tall, flowers yellow) ; without locality, April
1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1787). Western Szech'uan : base of Wa-
shan, thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., October 1908 (No. 3716; bush 3-6
m. tall, fruit black); same locality, alt. 1800 m., October 1903 (Veitch
Exped. No. 4439); Yachou Fu, thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., August

1908 (No. 3717; bush 3-6 m. tall, fruit black); west and near Wen-
ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1600 m., common, July and Sep-
tember 1908 (Nos. 3719% 3718; bush 2^ m. tall, fruit black); near
Mao-chou, Chiu-ting-shan, thickets, alt. 1300 m.. May 22, 1908 (No.
3719; bush 2.5-3 m. tall); Mt. Omei, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
5181).

To this variety which has lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, pubescent or glabres-
cent leaves belong all the specimens collected by Henry and Faber enumerated by
Hemsley under his var ?.

Lindera fragrans OUver in Hooker's Icon. XVIII. t. 1788 (1888).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 388 (1891).^

Western Hupeh: neighborhood of Ichang, cliffs of glens and
gorges, alt. 30-300 m., abundant, March 23, July 1907 (Nos. 3723,
3724; bush 1-2 m. tall, flowers yellow, fruit black); Hsing-shan Hsien,
rocky places, alt. 300-1000 m., July 1907 (No. 3720; bush 2-3 m. tall,
fruit black); Kui Chou, April 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1807); with-
out iocahty, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 41, 289).

Lindera Prattii Gamble, n. sp.

Arbor ad 10 m. alta; ramuh crassi teretes, brunnei, molliter puberuli,
innovationes dense ferrugineo-velutinae; gemmae ovatae, velutinae,
perulis imbricatis obtusis. Folia coriacea, alterna, elliptico-ovata v.
interdum elliptico-obovata, apice abrupte cuspidato-acuminata, basi
rotundata v. subcordata; supra glabra oHvacea, infra glauca et prae-
cipue ad nervos puberula, 10-20 cm. longa, 5-10 cm. lata; costae 3 ex
imo basi oriendae additis interdum 2 tenuibus secus margines, mediana

' We refer as a synonym to this species L. ? Rosthornii Diels (in Bot. Jahrh.
XXIX. 350 [1900]) of which we have seen fragments and a photograph of the
type. We are unable to find any marked difference between the two species,
though the specimens of typical L. fragrans have the leaves generally more dis-
tinctly 3-nerved and more glaucous on their under surface, but these characters are
not quite constant. A. R. and E. H. W.

84 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

in acumen porrecta, laterales curvatae et cum nervis arcuatim junctae;
nervi e costa mediana utrinque circa 2-4 marginem versus curvati; e
lateralibus versus marginem circa 7-10 breves; nervuli transversi
multi conspicui arcuati; omnes, costae nervi et nervuli infra promi-
nentes; petiolus crassus, 2-3 cm. longus rugosus. Flores e glomerulis
axillaribus v. lateralibus multifloris; umbellulae sessiles, bracteis in-
volucrantibus ovatis obtusis ferrugineo-villosis suffultae; pedicelli
villosi 5 mm. longi; perianthii tubus brevis; lobi 6 ovati, integri v. ad
apicem paullo dentati, 3 mm. longi, in 9 angustiores quam in $ , extus
sericeo- villosi, intus glabri; stamina in flore $ 9, antherarum thecis 2
oblongis, ordinis I. et II. filamentis gracilibus glabris et connectivo
umbonato, ordinis III. similes, glandulis 2 magnis prope basim fila-
mentorum munitae, omnia conspicue pellucido-punctata; staminodia
in flore 9 9, ordinis I. et II. clavata, 2-2.5 mm. longa, ordinis III.
subulata, glandulis 2 permagnis ad basim. Ovarium in $ rudimenta-
rium, stylo gracili et stigmate peltato; in 9 ovoideum, stylo brevi
curvato et stigmate peltato. Fructus niger, ovoideus, circa 8-10 mm.
longus, pericarpio lucido et cotyledonibus hemisphaericis; pedicellus
fructifer pubescens, 8-10 mm. longus.

Western Szech'uan: without precise locality, 1890, A. E. Pratt
(No. 809) ; Yachou Fu, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m., June and August
1908 (No. 3714); Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1300 m., June and September
1908 (No. 3715); without precise locaHty, alt. 1200-1800 m., June
1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4428).

To this also belongs, I think, the specimen collected by F. S. A. Bourne at
Chungking and referred to L. strychnifolia, Vill. var.? by Hemsley. The tree
is undoubtedly near L. strychnifolia but has much larger leaves and is I think
specifically distinct.

Lindera rubronervia Gamble, n. sp.

Frutex 2-3 m. altus; ramuli patentes, teretes, nigrescentes. Folia
membranacea, ovato-lanceolata, apice acuminata mucronata, basi
cuneata, supra siccitate olivacea, subtus glauca, glabra, 5-9 cm. longa,
2.5-3.5 cm. lata; costae 3, circa 3-^ mm. supra basim ortae, subtus
prominentes et rufescentes, media in mucronem producta, laterales
paullo supra folii dimidium nervis arcuatim conjunctae; nervi e costa
media utrinque 3-4, rufescentes, curvati et prope marginem arcuatim
juncti; reticulatio areolata, supra conspicua; petiolus rufescens, gracilis,
3-4 mm. longus. Umbellulae solitariae, e basi ramulorum novorum,
fructiferae solum notae; pedunculus subcrassus, 3-4 mm. longus.
Bacca globosa, siccitate nigra, 3-5 mm. diam., supra perianthii tubum

LAUEACEAE. — LINDERA 85

pauUo incrassatum insidens; pedicellus sursum incrassatus, 1 cm.
longus.

Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1200 m., common, July 1907 (No.
1624, 1637).

Lindera cercidifolia Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 387 (1891).

Kiangsi : Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July 1907 (No. 1642; bush
2.5-4 m. tall). Western Hupeh : Changyang Hsien, woods, alt.
1300-2000 m., common. May and September 1907 (No. 299; bush
3-8 m. tall, flowers yellow, fruit dark red) ; Patung Hsien, woods, alt.
1300 m., common, May 1907 (No. 3669; bush 5 m, tall). Eastern
Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, mountains. May 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 610). Western Szech'uan: south-east of Tachien-lu, woods,
alt. 1600-2600 m., common, June and September 1908 (No. 987; bush
3-6 m. tall, fruit dark red).

Lindera obtusiloba Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 325 (1850).

Lindera mollis Oliver in Jour. Linn. Soc. IX. 168 (1867).
Benzoin ohtusilobum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. I. 569 (1891).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
common, May and August (Nos. 3690, in part; 300; large bush or
thin tree 6-10 m. tall, fruit red, young leaves bronzy-red); same
locality, August 1907 (No. 301; thin tree 8-10 m. tall, fruit black);
Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m., common. May 14, August
1907 (No. 3690, in part; 3691; large bush or thin tree 6-10 m. tall,
flowers yellow, fruit dark red); without locality. May 1901 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1856). Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-
ch'uan Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2300 m., September 1908 (No. 3692;
thin tree 6 m. tall, fruit black).

The specimens seem to be more or less intermediate between L. obtusiloba
Blume and L. triloba Blume, but to approach more nearly to the former.

This handsome shrub or small tree is very common in the woods of western
Hupeh and in spring is very conspicuous on account of the briUiant color of the
young leaves. As here interpreted the distinction between this species and Lindera
cercidifolia Hemsley, is obscure. E. H. W.

A note on a species closely related to L. seichu£nensis Gamble, not collected
during the Arnold Arboretum Expedition may be added here :

Lindera pulcherrima Bentham in Bentham & Hooker, Gen. III. 163 (1880).
Daphnidium pulcherrimum C. G. Nees von Esenbeck in Wallich, PI. As. Ear.

II. 63 (1831); Syst. Laur. 610 (1836).
Benzoin pulcherrimum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. I. 569 (1891).

Western Hupeh : Patung Hsien, cliffs, alt. 1700 m., April 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 478; bush 2 m. tall).

86 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

On the Himalayas thds is a large tree, but it is quite possible that on cliffs in
China it may flower as a shrub.

In addition to the species mentioned, the following numbers probably represent
two species, but there are no leaves except very young ones, and I think it best
not to attempt to describe them.

Lindera sp.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1600
m., May 1907 (No. 3685; bush 3-4 m., male flowers yellow).

Lindera sp.

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-2000
m., April 1907 (Nos. 3679, 3686; bush 2-6 m. tall, male flowers yellow).
Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1600 m., April 1907 (No. 3678; bush
2-6 m., male flowers yellow); without locality, April 1901 (Veitch
Exped. No. 424% i).

LEGUMINOSAE.

Determined by W. G. Craib.*
ALBIZZIA Durazz.

Albizzia julibrissin Durazzini in Mag. Tosc. III. pt. IV. 11 (1792).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 1000 m., July 1907
(No. 2032; tree 7-16 m. tall, girth 0.3-1.20 m., flowers white, stamens
pink) .2

In western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan this tree grows in moist woods up to
1300 m. altitude, but is rare. Occasionally it is planted in temple grounds. The
bark is smooth, pale grey and the trunk relatively slender. The branches are
moderately stout, short and spreading. The flowers are small, white with pink
stamens and are fragrant; they close at night and in consequence the tree is col-
loquially known as the " Yeh-ho shu." E. H. W.

CERCIS L.

Cercis chinensis Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Peter s-
bourg, II. 95 (Enum. PL Chin. Bor. 21) (1833).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, clearings, etc.
October 1907 (No. 501, in part; tree 7-13 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.5 m.);
Changlo Hsien, woodlands, alt. 600-1000 m.. May 1907 (No. 501, in
part; tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 1.2-1.5 m., flowers rosy pink); Chang-
yang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1200 m., July 1907 (No. 501, in
part; tree 7-13 m. tall, girth 1-1.5 m.); same locality, December
1907 (No. 761); Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 600-1000 m.,
May 1907 (No. 501, in part; tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 1.2-1.5 m.);
Patung Hsien, alt. 1000 m., July 1907 (No. 501, in part; tree 7-10 m.
tall, girth 1-1.20 m.); Nanto, mountain sides, April 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 411; tree 3-8 m. tall, flowers peach color).

^ Cladrastis and Maackia by H. Takeda, Milletia and Wisteria by S. T. Dunn,
Lespedeza and Campylotropis by A. K. Schindler. Occasional notes by Alfred
Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

* To the same species we refer specimens from Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-
1500 m., July and October 1907 (No. 792; tree 10-14 m. tall, girth 1.2-1 ..5 m.)
and Veitch Exped. No. 1315. A. R. and E. H. W.

87

00 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

In western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan this beautiful flowering tree is very
common but we never met with it wild west of the Red Basin of Szech'uan. It
occurs in open country, and in thickets and the margins of woods up to 1200 m.
ahitude. Conspicuous when in flower, it is much more so when laden with its
immature reddish crimson fruits. This tree grows from 6 to 15 m. tall and has a
moderately thick trunk clean of branches for'half its height and a flattened round
head. The bark is dark grey and smooth but becomes rough and broken into
small plates with age. The flowers vary from pale pink to red pink and are pro-
duced in great numbers on all parts of the tree including the old branches and main
trunk. The wood is close grained, heavy and very durable. Its colloquial name
" Lo-chiang shu " signifies that the flowers resemble an open basket. To western
minds the significance is not obvious for the flowers more closely resemble a cradle
or an open boat with a hooded stem.

It is doubtful if Cercis glabra Pampanini (in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV,
is anything more than a mere form of this tree. E. H. W.

Cercis racemosa Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XIX. t. 1894 (1889).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woods, side of streams, alt. 1300-
1800 m., May 15, August and September 1907 (No. 314; tree 5-10 m.
tall, girth 0.3-1.2 m., flowers rosy pink); without precise locality,
May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 607).

This remarkable tree is fairly common in the moist woods of central Fang
Hsien between 1200-1800 m. alt., but is extremely rare elsewhere in western
Hupeh and has not been reported from any other province. It is a low-growing
tree, seldom, if ever, more than 12 m. tafl, with a single trunk from 1 to 2 m. in
girth near the ground, and a wide-spreading head from 4 to 10 m. through of
relatively thin branches. The bark is green and smooth but with age becomes
pale gray and splits into thin, irregularly oblong flakes which are partially ex-
foUated in old trees. The silvery-rose colored flowers are produced in great pro-
fusion in pendulous racemes 4 cm. to 10 cm. long. When not in flower the species
is easily recognized by its habit and by the leaves which are hairy on the under-
side. Apparently it rarely fruits and its introduction to cultivation was only ac-
complished on our third expedition. It is essentially a cool temperate tree and
in western Hupeh always at higher altitudes than C. chinensis Bunge.

E. H. W.

BAUHINIA.

The species of Bauhinia here enumerated are common in the warm, arid valleys
of western Szech'uan where they form an important part of the vegetation. In
western Hupeh they are much less common and are found only at low altitudes
growing on the cliffs and in glens and ravines. E. H. W.

Bauhinia densiflora Franchet, PI. Delavay. 191 (1890).
Western Szech'uan: Tung Valley, arid places, alt. 1000-1300
m., June 1908 (No. 3377, in part, flowers only; scandent bush, 2-3 m.).

Bauhinia Faberi Oliver m Hooker's Icon, XVIII. t. 1790 (1888).
Western Szech'uan: Tung Valley, arid places, alt. 1000-1300
m., September 1908 (No. 3377, in part, fruits only; scandent bush,

LEGUMINOSAE. — BAUHINIA 89

2-3 m.)- Western Hupeh : Kui chou, August 1901 (Veitch Exped.
No. 2000); without precise locality, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No.
2618).

Bauhinia Faberi var. microphylla Oliver in herb.

A typo foliis manifeste minoribus facile distinguenda.

Western Hupeh: without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 7179).
Western Szech'uan: Min Valley, around Mao-chou, arid regions,
alt. 1200-2000 m.. May 25 and September 1908 (No. 3374; bush 0.3-
2 m. tall, flowers white).

This variety is easily distinguished by its very small leaves, only 6-12 mm. long
and by its smaller flowers.

Bauhinia yunnanensis Franchet, PI. Delavay. 190 (1890).

Western Szech'uan: near Mt. Wa, thickets, alt. 1200-2000 m.,
July 1908 (No. 3378; scandent bush, 2-4 m., flowers pink); without
precise locality, alt. 1000 m., June 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3378;
climber, flowers rosy pink).

Bauhinia hupehana Craib, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, ad 7-metralis; ramuli primo rufo-puberuli, mox
glabri, fusco-corticati. Folia ad 6 cm. longa et 7.2 cm. lata, apice ad
partem quartam biloba, lobis apice rotundatis basi ad 3.5 cm. latis,
basi alte v. late baud altius cordata, chartacea, e basi 7-nervia, nervis
supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus, pagina superiore arete reti-
culata, supra pilis pallidis adpressis inconspicuis hie illic instructa,
subtus breviter parce adpresse rufo-pubescentia, petiolo ad 4 cm.
longo gracili suffulta. Racemi ad 7 cm. longi; bracteae deciduae;
pedicelli ad 2 cm. longi, ut rhachis rufo-puberuli; bracteolae binae,
alternae, pedicelli medium circiter positae, filiformes, ad 5 mm. longae;
calycis tubus 1.3-1.6 cm, longus, sulcatus, rufo-puberulus; lobi 7 mm.
longi, 1.75 mm. lati; petala 5, rosea, obovata v. fere elliptica, ad 42
mm. longa et 8.5 mm. lata, basi in unguem 2-3 mm. longum attenuata;
stamina perfecta 4, filamentis glabris 1.8 cm. longis; ovarium glabrum,
stipite 5 mm. longo suffultum.

Affinis B. tenuiflorae Watt a qua calycis tubo breviore recedit.

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, ravines, alt. 300-600 m., May
1907 (No. 3373, type; scandent bush, 7 m. tall; flowers pink); Chan-
yang Hsien, ravines, alt. 300-600 m., June 6 and September 1907
(No. 107, in part; large climber, 7 m. or more, flowers rose pink;
north and south of Ichang, ravines, alt. 30-600 m., June and July

90 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

1907 (No. 107, in part; large climber, 7 m., flowers rose-pink); same
locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3551, 3551% 2938, 2938^); Patung Hsien,

A. Henry (No. 706); Nanto, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 834).
Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, Jmie 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
4828) ; without precise locality, alt. 800 m., June 1903 (Veitch Exped.
No. 3400; climber, flowers white, fragrant).

Bauhinia ienuiflora Watt, B. glauca Wallich, and the species above described
are very closely related. Of the three B. ienuiflora which is found in Upper Assam,
Upper Burma and Yunnan has by far the longest calyx tube (2.5-3 cm.), that of

B. glauca being 1-1.2 cm. and of the present species 1.3-1.6 cm. long. In B. glauca
whose distribution so far as I am aware is in Amherst, IVIergui, Perak and Java
the cal>Tc-tube is glabrous except at the apex, the buds are glabrous or nearly so
and the leaves are lobed to the middle.

Bauhinia hupehana, var. grandis Craib, n. var.

A typo foliis basi plerumque latius minus altius cordatis, floribus
paulo majoribus recedit.

Western Szech'uan: Tu^g Valley, near Mt. Wa, alt. 500-1000

m., June and October 1908 (No. 3372; climber 3-5 m. tall, flowers

pmk).

This rambling shrub is common at low altitudes growing on limestone cliffs
and in the glens and ravines of western Hupeh. The flowers are fragrant, usually
rose-pink or more rarely white in color. E. H. W.

CASSIA L.

Cassia Leschenaultiana De Candolle m Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve,
II. 132 (1824).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, alt. 30-300 m., June and August 1907
(No. 2197; roadside weed, flowers yellow).

GLEDITSIA L.

Gleditsia macracantha Desfontaines, Hist. Arh. II. 147 (1809).

Western Hupeh: common around Ichang, alt. 30-600 m., April
24, May 3, and October 1907 (No. 799; tree 10-30 m., girth 2-4 m.,
flowers greenish); Changyang Hsien, alt. 30-600 m., June 1907 (No.
2444; tree 12-20 m., girth 1.6-3 m.); 20 miles southwest of Ichang,
road-side, alt. 300 m., November 1907 (No. 2445; tree 7 m., very
spuiy); without precise locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 232).

At low altitudes this is one of the most common trees in western Hupeh and
Szech'uan where it is partial to the sides of streams and open country generally.
It is also commonly found in close vicinity to houses and in temple grounds. It

LEGUMINOSAE. — GYMNOCLADUS 91

grows to a very large size and has buttressed roots, a massive bole clean of branches
for from 3 to 10 m. from the ground, and a wide-spreading head of thick branches.
The bark is quite smooth and pale grey in color. In degree of spinescence the trees
vary very considerably and some are quite thornless. The flowers are polygamo-
dioecious and the trees have a marked tendency toward dioecism and some in-
dividuals appear to be always sterile. The wood is nearly white and of little
value but the bloomy-black, flattened pods are rich in saponin and are valued as
a substitute for soap and are also used in the process of tanning hides.

This is one of the most important of the Chinese " soap trees " and its collo-
quial name is " Tsao-k'o shu." Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 6,
7, 9, 467, 593, 597, 629, 631, 714, 717, 718, 0241, 0251, in the collection of my
photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 233-243.

E. H. W.

Gleditsia officinalis Hemsley in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1892, 82.

Western Szech'uan: Yachou Fu, alt. 1000 m., October 1910
(No. 4615; tree 16-20 m., girth 2-2.30 m.); without precise locahty
(No. 2446, pods of unknown origin, purchased in town of Mupin).

This rather rare tree in habit and general appearance resembles G. macracantha
Desfontaines. The small, flattened and curved, black or brownish-black pods, known
as " Ya-tsao " are used for medicinal purposes only. These pods are sliced and
boiled with other drugs and the infusion is considered a cure for colds and coughs.
This tree is also found very sparingly in western Hupeh and is said to occur in
the province of Shensi. The fully ripe pods of No. 2446 are dark chestnut-brown
and lustrous, linear oblong, 11-12 cm. long, 1.5-1.6 cm. broad and about 6 or 7
mm. thick. E. H. W.

Gleditsia sinensis Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. II. 465 (1786).

Western Szech'uan: Mao-chou, dry valleys, alt. 1000-1600 m..
May 24 and October 1908 (No. 1214; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1.3-
3 m.); Min Valley, near Wen-chuan Hsien, alt. 1000-1300 m., No-
vember 1908 (No. 1363; tree 10-20 m., girth 1.3-2.6 m.).

This tree in size, habit and general appearance does not differ from G. macra-
cantha Desfontaines. The vernacular name is the same and the pods have similar
uses.

Pictures will be found under Nos. 0240, 0248, in the collection of my photographs.

E. H. W.

GYMNOCLADUS Lam.

Gymnocladus chinensis Baillon in Compt. Rend. Assoc. Frang.
Avanc. Sci. III. 418, t. 4 (1875).

Kiangsi : foothills around Kiukiang, common, alt. 300 m., August
2, 1907 (No. 1598; tree 10-16 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.6 m., bark smooth,
grey). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, alt. 1200 m., May, July,
September and December 1907 (No. 760, in part; tree 10-20 m. tall,
girth 0.6-1.6 m., bark smooth, light gray, flowers lilac-purple); Hsing-

92 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

shan Hsien, alt. 1000-1200 m., May 6 and December 1907 (No. 760,
in part; tree 13-16 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.6 m., flowers lilac-purple,
young foliage silvery).

On the Kiukiang plain thds is a common tree but it is rare in western Hupeh
and has not been reported from Szech'uan. In the neighborhood of Kiukiang it
is a large but not a tall tree with a wide-spreading oval or flattened head but in
Hupeh the trees are smaller with rather short, spreading branches. The bark is
quite smooth and light grey in color. The lilac-purple flowers are greyish pubes-
cent on the outside and appear before the leaves. The leaves are silvery when
quite young and when fully grown they are pea green and often 60 cm. across.
The flattened pods are brown from 7 to 10 cm. long and from 3.5 to 4 cm. wide
and are highly esteemed for their saponaceous qualities. An account of the uses
of these pods is found in my A Naturalist in Western China, II. 72 (1913).

The colloquial name for this tree is " Yu-tsao-chio," and pictures will be found
under Nos. 510, 513, 687, 688, 052 in the collection of my photographs and in my
Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 246-249. E. H. W.

PTEROLOBIUM R. Br.

Pterolobium pimctatum Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 207
(1887).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, ravines, alt. 600 m., July and
October 1907 (No. 3225; scandent bush, 7 m., flowers yellowish-
white); without precise locality, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2435).

This thorny, rambling shrub is common at low altitudes on the limestone cliffs
of the glens, gorges and ravines throughout western Hupeh. It grows to a large
size and is colloquially known as " Chio-pu-t'a." E. H. W.

CAESALPINIA.

Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 360 (1824).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, alt. 30-300 m., April and July 1907
(No. 106; semiscandent bush 1-7 m., flowers yellow, abundant); Kui-
chou, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 19). Western Szech'uan:
Mt. Omei, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4831).

At low altitudes this subscandent, thorny shrub is abundant everywhere in
western Hupeh and Szech'uan. In spring it bears a profusion of erect, thyrsoid
racemes of bright yellow, fragrant flowers and is most conspicuous and beautiful.
Colloquially known as the " Yeh-tsao-chio," it is the " Shui tsao-chio " of Chinese
Uterature. E. H. W.

Caesalpinia szechuenensis Craib, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, 3-metralis; ramuli primo puberuli, mox glabri.
Folia bipmnata, ad 18 cm. longa, petiolo 3.8-5 cm. longo ut rhachis
puberulo et infra spinis recurvis hie illic instructo suffulta; stipulae

LEGUMINOSAE. — ORMOSIA 93

deciduae; pinnae 4-jugae, ad 7 cm. longae, petiolulo ad 15 mm. longo
suffultae, petiolulo rhachillaque interdum infra spinis minoribus sparse
instructis; foliola opposita, 4-5-juga, ex oblonga ad ovato-lanceolata
V. terminalia oblanceolata, apice rotundata v. obtusa, basi cuneata
V. latere altero cuneata, altero rotundata, 2-2.8 cm. longa, 9-11 mm.
lata, supra nitida, glabra, subtus pallidiora, sparse puberula, rigida,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-8 intra marginem anastomosantibus,
pagina utraque cum nervulis pulchre reticulatis prominulis; petioluli
2 mm. longi, puberuli. Panicula terminalis, e racemis alternis ad 9
cm. longis racemosim dispositis constituta, ad 15 cm. longa; pedicelli
graciles, 7 mm. longi; calycis tubus 2 mm. longus; segmenta oblonga,
5.5-7 mm. longa; petala oblonga, 5.5 mm. longa, aurea, ungui 0.5
mm. longo; filamenta inferne piloso-barbata; ovarium 1.75 mm.
altum, breviter stipitatum, parce pilosum, stylo glabro. Legumen
ambitu subrotundatum, 2 cm. longum, circiter 1 cm. crassum, valvis
reticulatis brunneis.

Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, thickets, alt. 300-500 m.,
May 1908 (No. 3255)-

The nearest ally of this plant is, in my opinion, undoubtedly Mezoneuron
sinense, Hemsley, to which, in habit, it has a striking similarity. Mezoneuron
sinense, although the fruit has a slight wing, is not a typical Mezoneuron and yet
the only tangible difference between the two genera is apparently the winged and
unwinged fruits.

MEZONEURUM Desf.

Mezoneurum sinense Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 204
(1887). — Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XX. t. 1960 (1891).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, glens, alt. 30-300 m., May 9, 1907

(No. 3256; scandent bush, 1.5-2 m. tall, flowers golden); Nanto, glens,

May 1900 (VeitchExped. No. 248; climber). Szech'uan: Yangtsze

River cliffs, April 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3450; subscandent shrub,

flowers bright yellow).

The colloquial name for this rather rare shrub is " Ch'ien-hsuch-fei."

E. H. W.

ORMOSIA Jack.

Ormosia Henryi Prain in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LXIX. 180
(1900). — Hemsley & Wilson in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1906, 156.

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt. 600 m., June,
July and September 1907 (No. 2373; small tree 5-8 m. tall, flowers
yellowish white); Patung (Veitch Exped. No. 2587).

94 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This small and very ornamental tree is rare in western Hupeh and has not been
reported from Szech'uan. The undescribed flowers are yellowish white and are
borne in axillary or terminal panicles or rarely in axillary racemes; rhachis, pedi-
cels and the calyx outside and inside densely fulvous tomentose; calyx turbinate,
about 1 cm. long and divided to the middle into triangular-ovate acutish lobes,
petals about 2 cm. long, standard suborbicular unguiculate, wings and the petals
of the keel obliquely obovate; ovary pilose along the sutures, with an involute
style. R. A. and E. H. W.

Ormosia Hosiei Hemsley & Wilson in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform.
1906, 156.

Western Szech'uan: Chengtu Plain, temple compound, alt.
650 m., May 18, 1908 (No. 2372, in part; tree 20 "m. tall, girth 3 m.);
Chengtu, September 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3407, type); near Sui
Fu, alt. 209-300 m., April 1908 (No. 2372, in part; tree 16-26 m. tall,
flowers pink). Western Hupeh : Nanto, May 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 808; tree 13 m., flowers white); Changyang (Veitch Exped. No.
1994).

This is one of the most beautiful of all Chinese trees and its red-colored wood,
which is heavier than water, is esteemed above all other Chinese woods for
high-grade cabinet work. Formerly the tree was common in Szech'uan but it is
now rare except in the more remote north-central parts of the province. It grows
to a large size and has a massive bole, spreading branches and smooth green
bark which becomes grey and fissured on old trees. The inflorescence is panicu-
late, and the undescribed flowers are fragrant, and vary from nearly white to
rose-pink; calyx turbinate, 0.8-1 cm. long with short triangular-ovate lobes
densely tomentose inside and outside; petals about 2 cm. long; standard broadly
obovate, unguiculate; wings and the petals of the keel oblong-obovate, unguicu-
late; ovary glabrous, with an involute style.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 61, 289, 385, 386 of the collection
of Wilson's photographs and in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 320-322.
Colloquially it is known as the " Hung-tou shu " (Red-bean tree).

A. R. and E. H. W.

SOPHORA L.

Sophora Wilsonii Craib, n. sp.

Frutex 1-2-metralis; ramuli primo densius adpresse pubescentes,
mox glabri, cortice reticulato-striato obtecti. Folia imparipinnata
6.5-15 cm. longa, breviter petiolata, petiolo rhachideque supra canali-
culatis ut ramuli pubescentibus; stipulae vix 3 mm. longae, deciduae;
foliola altema, 8-10-juga, lanceolata, ovato-lanceolata, oblongo-
lanceolata v. terminalia oblanceolata, parum inaequilatera, apice
obtusa, basi cuneata ad rotundata, 0.5-4.8 cm. longa, 0.5-1.9 cm.
lata, chartacea, supra costa excepta demum glabra, subtus adpresse
ferrugineo-pubescentia, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 8 intra

LEGUMINOSAE. — SOPHORA 95

marginem anastomosantibus pagina utraque prominulis, margine
recurvo, petiolulis 1 mm. longis suffulta. Racemi ad 7 cm. longi,
pedunculo communi circiter 2 cm. longo ut rhachis ramulique
pubescente; bracteae 5 mm, longae, deciduae; pedicelli sub anthesin
5 mm., mox 8 mm. longi; calyx ad 8.5 mm. longus, ore oblique trun-
catus; vexillum 1.6 cm. longum, fere 6 mm. latum, cuneatum, apice
emarginatum, inferne puberulum, dorso carinatum; alae 6 mm.
longae, 3.5 mm. latae, stipite 6.5 mm. longo; carina alls subaequi-
longa; filamenta inferne pilosa; ovarium adpresse pilosum. Legumen
2-3 cm. longum, stipite 1 cm. longo dense adpresse pubescente sufful-
tum, valvis reticulatis parce adpresse pubescentibus; semina brunnea
V. fusco-maculata, 1.1-1.2 cm. longa.

Affinis S. Franchetianae Dunn et S. Wightii Baker, ab ilia calyce
multo longiore, ab hac foliolis minoribus baud longe acuminatis, semi-
nibus majoribus baud rubris distinguenda.

Western Szech'uan: Kuan Hsien, thickets, river valleys, alt.
300-1000 m., October 1908 (No. 1067, in part) ; near Wa-shan, thickets,
alt. 1000 m., June 2, 1908 (No. 1067, in part) ; without precise locality,
cUffs, alt. 600 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3390; shrub 1-2 m.,
flowers pale yellow).

This sparsely branched shrub is not uncommon in moist thickets in the river-
valleys of western Szech'uan. E. H. W.

Sophora viciifolia Hance in Jour. Bot. XIX. 209 (non Salisbury)
(1881). — Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. CXXIX. t. 7883 (1903).

Sophora Moorcroftiana Bentham, var. Davidii Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus.

Paris, s6r. 2, V. 253, t. 14 (PI. David. 101) (1883).
Sophora Moorcroftiana Kanitz in Math. Naturwiss. Ber. Ungarn, III. 7

(non Bentham) (1885).
Sophora Davidii Komarov apud Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.

XV. 412 (1908).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, stony places, side of streams, alt. 300-
600 m., April and June 1907 (No. 2560; bush 30-2 m. tall, flowers bluish
white); without precise locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 81).
Western Szech'uan: valley of the Min River, Mao-chou, arid
regions, alt. 1300-1600 m.. May 25 and August 1908 (No. 841''; shrub
30-2 m. tall, flowers violet) ; near Tachien-lu, dry rocky regions, alt.
1300-2000 m., May and August 1908 (No. 841; shrub 30-1.60 m. tall;
flowers dark violet-blue); between Batang and Tachien-lu, 1911, John
R. Muir; without precise locality, dry arid places, June 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3388).

96 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This is a common shrub in western Hupeh up to 1000 m. altitude, especially in
rock}' places, but it is even more abundant in the arid river-valleys of western
Szech'uan where it is found up to 2500 m. altitude. The western form, which is
dwarfer and excessively spiny, has smaller leaves and a dark violet-blue colored
calyx. Colloquially this shrub is known as the " Tieh-ma-hu-tsao." E. H. W.

Sophora flavescens Alton, Hort. Kew. II. 43 (1789).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, side of streams, etc., alt.
300-1000 m., June and October 1907 (No. 2561; shrub 2 m,, flowers
white). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, July 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1371; bush 2 m., flowers white).

Very common in sandy places and colloquially known as " K'u-shen." The seeds
and roots are used as medicine in veterinary practice. E. H. W.

Sophora japonica Linnaeus, Mant. I. 68 (1767).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, common, alt. 30-
1000 m., July, August and November 1907 (No. 651, in part; tree 7-
14 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.6 m., flowers white); Patung Hsien, roadsides,
alt. 30-1000 m., July, August and October 1907 (No. 651, in part;
tree 7-10 m. tall, flowers white); same locality, July 1901 (Veitch
Exped. No. 2485; tree 16 m. tall); Changlo Hsien, alt. 600-1000 m.,
June 1907 (No. 651, in part; tree 10 m. tall); Fang Hsien, roadsides,
alt. 1200 m., August 1907 (No. 2558; tree 8 m. tall, girth 1 m., flowers
white); Hsmg-shan Hsien, open country, alt. 300-1000 m., October
1907 (No. 651, in part; tree 7-20 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.6 m.); without
precise locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2312). Western
Szech'uan: Chengtu Plain, alt. 300-600 m., July 1908 (No. 2557;
tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1.6-3 m., flowers white); same locality, August
1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3393); Yachou Fu, roadside, alt. 300-1000
m., August 1908 (No. 2559; tree 8-16 m. tall, girth 1-2 m., flowers
white); without precise locality, August 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
3393-).

This tree, which is native of China and cultivated only in Japan, is common in
western Hupeh and Szech'uan and is an important feature of the vegetation in
the arid valleys of western Szech'uan. In the park which surrounds the Temple
of Heaven at Peking there is a fine avenue of this tree and very large individuals
are scattered through the city. In western China it grows to a large size and the
degree of pubescence on the leaves varies considerably. The wood is white or
nearly so, tough, Ught and strong and is used in general carpentry. The flowers
are employed as a yellow dye for cotton cloth and silk fabrics. The colloquial
name for this tree is " Huai shu." Pictures will be found under Nos. 68, 642,
0169, 0237, 0239 in the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation
of Western China, Nos. 474, 475. E. H. W.

LEGUMINOSAE. — CLADRASTIS 97

CLADRASTIS Raf.

Determined by H. Takeda.
Sect. EUCLADRASTIS Takeda.^

Cladrastis sinensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIX. 304 (1892).

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, woods and clearings, alt. 1300-
2500 m., June, July and October 1908 (No. 1102^; tree 5-20 m. tall,
girth 0.6-3 m., flowers white); same locality, October 1901 (No. 4388;
tree 10-25 m. tall, girth 0.6-4 m., flowers white and pink); Mt. Omei,
July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4832); without precise locality, alt.
1800 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3392-^), alt. 2300 m., July
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3392; flowers blush). Western Hupeh:
without precise locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2398).
Yunnan: Mengtze, A. Henry (No. 10784).

This handsome flowering tree is common in the moist woods of western Sze-
ch'uan between 1300 and 2500 m. altitude. Usually it is a tree of medium size
but specimens of large size are not infrequent. The bark is quite smooth and
greenish-grey, and the branches are wide-spreading and form an oval or rounded
head. The much branched panicles are erect and are often 30 cm. high and 20
cm. wide or occasionally 40 cm. high, and stand well above the foliage. The
flowers are very freely produced and vary in color from white to rosy-pink.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 269, 360, in the collection of my
photographs and also in my Vegetation oj Western China, No. 168. E. H. W.

Cladrastis Wilsonii Takeda, n. sp.

Arbor 4-16-metralis, trunco 0.3-1.3 circuitu, cortice cinereo v.
flavo-cinereo levi lenticellato. Folia breviter petiolata, petiolo basi
gemmam albo-sericeam includente, 9-11-foliolata, rhachi petiolulis-
que primo albo-lanatis mox glabris, foliolis basalibus minoribus
ovatis, apicalibus sensim majoribus ovato-ellipticis v. ellipticis sub-
cuspidatis obtusis papyraceis in sicco opacis subtus subglaucis,
juvenilibus secus costam mediam pubescentibus, mox glabris. Pan-
icula laxa, multiflora, pedunculis pedicellisque brunneo-pubescenti-
bus; flores ad 25 mm. longi, albi; calyx cylindrico-campanulatus, basi
stipitiformiter attenuatus, pedicello paulo longior, 5-lobatus lobis
triangularibus obtusis; petala subaequilonga; vexillum rotundatum,
unguiculatum, cum ungui 18 mm. longum, 12 mm. latum, vix emar-
ginatum; alae oblique hastatae; carinae petala semisagittata; stamina
libera, antheris atropurpureis; ovarium lineare, utrinque attenuatum,

1 See Takeda in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, XXXVII. (ined.).

95 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

breviter stipitatum, dense pubescens, stylo longo incurvo, stigmate
punctiformi. Legumen maturum compressum, brevissime stipitatum,
hirsutum, 4.5 cm. longum, 12 mm. latum.

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1500-1600 m.,
July and September 1907 (No. 1102, in part); Changyang Hsien,
woods, alt. 1600-2000 m., July 1907 (No. 1102, in part); Fang Hsien,
woodlands, alt. 2000 m.. May 19, 1907 (No. 1102, in part); Changlo
Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2000 m., July 1907 (No. 1102, in part).
Kiangsi; Ruling, not common, thickets, alt. 1200 m., August 1, 1907
(No. 1535; bush 3-5 m. tall). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan
Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2000 m., October 1907 (No. 1102, in part).

Cladrastis Wilsonii is closely related to C. shikokiana Makino, from which it
differs in the very shortly stalked, broader and hirsute pod. The leaves of the
two species are similar; the indumentum, however, of the young leaves of
C. Wilsonii is white or very pale yellow, and that of C. shikokiana is brown.

This tree is fairly common in the moist woods of western Hupeh but rare in
Kiangsi and not reported west of the eastern limits of the Red Basin of Szech'uan,
where it is replaced by C. sinensis Hemsley. This is easily distinguished from
C. Wilso7iii by the glabrous ovary and narrower, more numerous leaflets generally
oblong and rounded or nearly rounded at the base and more or less villose along
the midrib; the flowers, too, are somewhat smaller and the panicles larger, occa-
sionally attaining 30 or 40 cm. in length. A. R. and E. H. W.

MAACKIA Rupr. & Maxim.'
Determined by H. Takeda.

Maackia hupehensis Takeda, n. sp.

Arbor 5-23-metralis trunco 0.6-2.5 m. circuitu. Folia imparipinnata,
5-6-juga, foliolis inferioribus 2-3 cm. longis 12-15 mm. latis ovatis,
mediis ovato-ellipticis, superioribus 4-6 cm. longis 15-20 mm. latis,
ellipticis obtusis chartaceis in sicco opacis subtus pallidioribus, ju-
venilibus dense velutinis, adultis subtus dense et adpresse hirsutis,
petiolo pubescenti. Racemi basi ramosi, densiflori, rhachi pedicel-
lisque tomentellis. Flores pro genere magni, albi, ad 10 mm. longi,
bracteati, bracteis subulatis 2-3 mm. longis; calyx campanulatus,
4 mm. longus, tomentellus, inaequaliter 4-lobatus; petala subaequi-
longa: vexillum orbiculatum, emarginatum, unguiculatum; alae
oblique hastatae; carinae petala semisagittata, dorso arete imbricata;
stamina basi brevissime connata; ovarium dense hirsutum, subsessile,
6-ovulatum, stylo inflexo, stigmate punctiformi. Legumen desideratur.

1 For a detailed account of this genus see Takeda in Not. Bat. Gard. Edinburgh,
XXXVII. (ined.).

LEGUMINOSAE. — INDIGOFERA 99

Western Hupeh: north of Ichang, open country, fairly common,
alt. 1000-1300 m.. May and August 1907 (No. 709, in part); Hsing-
shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600-2300 m., August 1907 (No. 709, in
part); Fang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1600-2300 m., June and August
1907 (No. 709, in part); Nanto, July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1516).
Kiangsi : Ruling, thickets, common, alt. 1300 m., July 29, 1907 (No.
1716; tree 3-5 m.). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, August
1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1582).

Maackia hupehensis is to be placed between M. armirensis Ruprecht et Max-
imowicz and M. Fauriei Takeda, and is more intimately related to the latter,
from which it differs, however, in its shghtly larger flowers, longer bracts and
densely hirsute leaves. The fruit which might affords a good distinguishing char-
acter is unfortunately unknown.

In moist, rich, open country small trees of this new species are common in
western Hupeh, but large specimens are rare, and the tree has not been reported
from farther west. The bark is pale greenish-gray and the spreading branches
form a flattish crown. In spring the bud-scales are bluish with yeUow margins
and the young, unfolding leaves are silvery gray and in this stage the tree is par-
ticularly striking. The flowers are dirty white and very freely produced but are
not attractive. A picture of this new tree will be found under No. 081 of the col-
lection of my photographs. E. H. W.

PIPTANTHUS D. Don.

Piptanthus nepalensis D. Don in Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gard. III. t.
264 (1827-29).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 3000-3300 m., August
1908 (No. 885, in part; bush 1-1.6 m. tall); Tachien-lu, thickets, alt.
2300-3500 m., July and September 1900 (No. 885, in part; bush 1-1.6
m. tall); without precise locality, alt. 3600 m., June 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3403).

INDIGOFERA L.

Indigofera amblyantha Craib in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, XXXVI.
47 (1913).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 1300-1600 m., June
1907 (No. 3077, type; bush 2 m. tall, flowers pink); same locality,
thickets, alt. 1000-1200 m., May 25, 1907 (No. 3078, 3078''; bush
1-2 m. tall, flowers carmine-red) ; Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1800 m.,
July 1907 (No. 3079; bush 1.2-1.6 m. tall, flowers pink); Ichang, alt.
300-1000 m., December 1907 (No. 786, fruiting specimen); without
precise locality, 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2017).

100 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

The erect, racemose inflorescence of this pleasing shrub continues to grow and
bear flowers from mid-July until late autumn. The flowers vary from pale rose
to red-pink and are very freely produced. The shrub is common in western Hupeh
but has not been recorded from Szech'uan. E. H. W.

Indigofera dichroa Craib, 1. c. 50 (1913).

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 2000 m., June
1908 (No. 3084; bush 1.6 m. tall, flowers pale pink).

Indigofera ichangensis Craib, 1. c. 55 (1913).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2034);
without precise locality, April 1908 (Veitch Exped. No. 466).

Indigofera ichangensis, f. calvescens Craib, 1. c. 75 (1913).
Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan roadsides, alt. 1000-1300 m.. May
5, 1907 (No. 3082; bush 0.6-2 m. tall, flowers blush-pink).

Indigofera ichangensis, f. leptantha Craib, 1. c. 75 (1913).
Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1300 m.,
May 1907 (No. 3081; bush 1.3-1.6 m. tall, flowers purple).

Indigofera ichangensis, f. rigida Craib, 1. c. 75 (1913).
Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-800 m., May
and June 1907 (No. 3083; bush 0.6-2 m. tall, flowers pink).

Indigofera Monbeigii, Craib, 1. c. 57 (1913).

Western Szech'uan: near Mao-chou, roadsides, alt. 1000-1600
m., May 23, 1908 (No. 3075; bush 1 m. tall, flowers red); Monkong
Ting, dry places, alt. 1600-2300 m., June 1908 (No. 3080; bush 0.6-
1 m. tall, flowers crimson).

Indigofera pseudotinctoria Matsumura in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XVI.
62 (1902). — Craib in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, XXXVI. 69 (1913).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, ravines, alt. 300-1000 m.. May 1907
(No. 786, flowering specimens only; bush 1-2 m. tall, flowers red);
Patung Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1000-1300 m., May 1907 (No.
3076; bush 1.3-1.6 m. tall, flowers white); Fang Hsien, thickets, alt.
1000-1300 m., August 197 (No. 3489; bush 2-2.6 m. tall, flowers rosy-
pink); same locality, alt. 2000 m., July 1907 (No. 3490; bush 1.3 m.
tall, flowers pink) ; without precise locality, 1900 (Veitch Exped.. Nos.
408, 2711).

A colloquial name for this very common shrub is " Yeh-lan-chih-tzu."

E. H. W.

LEGUMINOSAE. — MILLETTIA 101

Indigofera szechuensis Craib in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh,
XXXVI. 62 (1913).

Western Szech'uan: Mao-chou, Min Valley, alt. 1600 m., May
1908 (No. 3075^; bush 1 m. tall, flowers red).

Indigofera Wilsonii Craib, 1. c. 63 (1913).

Western Szech'uan: Min Valley, alt. 1300-16 m., May 26,
1908 (No. 3074; prostrate shrub, flowers crimson).

Indigofera is a feature of the vegetation of the warm arid river-valleys of west-
ern Szech'uan. E. H. W.

Here may be added some species not collected during the Arnold Arboretum
Expeditions.

Indigofera chalara Craib in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, XXXVI. 49 (1913).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan, cliffs, May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1230, in
part); without precise locahty, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1230, in part).

Indigofera lenticeUata Craib, 1. c. 56 (1913).

Western Szech'uan : Min Valley, alt. 1500 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No.
3386; bush 0.3-0.6 m. tall, flowers red).

Indigofera myosurus Craib, 1. c. 58 (1913).

Western Szech'uan : without precise locality, alt. 1000 m.. May 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3382; 0.6 m. tall, flowers hght pink).

Indigofera scabrida Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXV. 487 (1903). — Craib in
Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, XXXVI. 64 (1913).

Western Hupeh: without precise locality (Veitch Exped. No. 3385).

MILLETTIA Wight & Am.
Determined by S. T. Dunn.

Millettia Dielsiana Harms in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 412 (1900).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-600 m.,
July 1907 (No. 3278; climber, 3 m., flowers dark red); Changlo Hsien,
cliffs, alt. 500 m., June 1907 (No. 3279; climber, 3 m., flowers dark
red); north and south of Ichang, rocky places, common, alt. 300-
1000 m., June 1907 (Nos. 3280, 3281; climber, 2-4 m., flowers dark
red); Patung Hsien, ravines, roadside thickets, alt. 600-1000 m.,
July and October 1907 (No. 506; climber, 3-5 m., flowers dark red);
Nanto, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 824); without precise locality,
June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1089). North-central Szech'uan:
Pa-chou, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m., July 1910 (No. 4603; climber,
2-3 m., flowers reddish). Western Szech'uan : Mt. Omei, June
and July 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 4834, 4835); without precise
locality, June and September 1903 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3412, 3412'*).

A colloquial name for this common climber is " Yeh-wan-ton." E. H. W.

102 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Millettia pachycarpa Bentham in Miquel, PL Jungh. 1.250 (1852). —
Hemsley in Hooker's Icon. XXVIII. t. 2738 (1902).

Western Szech'uan: Ya-chou Fu, thickets, alt. 600 m., Novem-
ber 1910 (No. 4608; large climber, 7 m. or more).

Millettia reticulata Bentham in Miquel, PL Jungh. I. 249 (1852).

Kiangsi: Kiukiang, plains, alt. 100 m., July 27, 1907 (No. 1648;
climber 3-5 m., flowers dark red). Western Hupeh: grassy hills
around Ichang, alt. 30-300 m., July 1907 (No. 3282; climber 2-3 m.,
flowers red); without precise locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No.
1017).

A colloquial name for this common climbing shrub is " Ch'ai-chiao-t'^ng."

E. H. W.

WISTERIA Nutt.

Wisteria chinensis De Candolle, Prodr. II. 390 (1825).

Western Hupeh: fairly common on cliffs and trees around
Ichang, alt. 300-500 m., April 1907 (No. 2360; climber, flowers pale
purple).

Everywhere common from river-level to 1000 m. altitude in western Hupeh
and Szech'uan where it is known by the colloquial name of " Chiao-t'eng."
A picture of a large specimen will be found under No. 62 of the collection of
my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 497.

E. H. W.

CARAGANA Lam.

Caragana bicolor Komarov in Act. Hart. Petrop. XXIX. 299, t.
9^ (Gen. Carag. Monog.) (1909).

Western Szech'uan: Valley of Hsao-chin Ho, near Monkong
Tmg, alt. 3000-3600 m., June and October 1908 (No. 2200; bush 1-
2 m. tall, flowers yellow and bronze).

Caragana Boisii Schneider, IlL Handh. Lauhholzh. II. 96. (1907). —
Komarov m AcL HorL Petrop. XXIX. 341, t. 15, fig. B (Gen. Carag.
Monog.) (1909).

Western Szech'uan: heath? around Tachien-lu, alt. 2600-3300
m., September 1908 (No. 2199; bush 1-2 m. tall, flowers bronzy).

Caragana chamlagu Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. I. 616 (1783). —
Komarov m AcL HorL Petrop. XXIX. 200, t. 5, fig. B (Gen. Carag.
Monog.) (1909).

LEGUMINOSAE. DESMODIUM 103

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, cultivated, alt.

600-1300 m., May, 1907 (No. 2203; 1-1.6 m. tall, flowers yellow);

PatungHsien, April 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1).

This shrub is frequently cultivated and the flowers, cooked with eggs, are eaten.

E. H. W.

Caragana jubata Poiret, Encycl. Meth. Suppl. II. 89 (1811).—
Komarov m Act. Hort. Petrop, XXIX. 287, fig. 1 (Gen. Carag. Monog.)
(1909).

Western Szech'uan: Pan-lan-shan, west of Kuan Hsien, heaths,
alt. 3600-4600 m., June 1908 and October 1910 (Nos. 2201, 4374;
bush 0.6-1.6 m. tall, flowers primrose-yellow); west of Tachien-lu,
heath, alt. 3600^600 m., June and September 1908, October 1910
(Nos. 2202, 4376; bush 0.3-2 m., flowers rosy-pink); without precise
locality, alt. 3600-4600 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3396).

Caragana Maximowicziana Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIX.
269, t. 11, fig. B (Gen. Carag. Monog.) (1909).

Western Szech'uan: heaths around Tachien-lu, alt. 3000-4300
m., June and September 1908, October 1910 (Nos. 1280, 4176; bush
0.6-2 m. tall, flowers bronzy-yellow) ; without precise locality, Sep-
tember 1903, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3395, 3398).

DESMODIUM Deso.

Desmodium floribundum G. Don, Gen. Syst. II. 97 (1832).

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-800 m.,
June and October 1907 (No. 401; bush 0.6-1.3 m. tall, flowers purple);
Changlo Hsien, grassy mountains, alt. 1300-1600 m., June and Sep-
tember 1907 (No. 1079''; bush 1.6 m. tall, flowers rosy-purple).

A vernacular name for this shrub is " Yeh-huang-tou." E. H. W.

Desmodium laburnifolium De Candolle, Prodr. II. 337 (1825).

Western Szech'uan: Hungyah Hsien, roadside thickets, alt.
300-800 m., September 4, 1908 (No. 2939; 0.4-0.6 m. tall, flowers
white).

Desmodium laxiflorum De Candolle in Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 100
(1825); Prodr. II. 335 (1825).

Western Szech'uan: Hungyah Hsien, side of ditches etc., alt.
300-800 m., September 5, 1908 (No. 2929; 0.3-0.6 m. tall, flowers
purple).

104 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Desmodium podocarpum De Candolle, var. szechuenense Craib, n.
var.

A typo recedit foliolis multo angustioribus.

Western Szech'uan: Ya-chou Fu, grassy places, alt. 300-1000
m., September 1908 (No. 2933; bush 0.6-1 m. tall, flowers purple);
without precise locality, 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4830); Mt. Omei,
A. Henry (No. 167).

Desmodium serriferum Wallich, Cat. No. 5708^ (nomen nudum)
(1831).

Desmodium oxyphyllum De Candolle, var. serriferum Baker in Hooker f.,
Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 167 (1879).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., No-
vember 1908 (No. 1236; bush 1-1.3 m. tall, flowers red-purple); near
Tachien-lu, roadside thickets, alt. 2300-2500 m., October 1908 (No.
1236^; bush 1-1.6 m. tall); Kiatmg Fu, thickets, alt. 300-600 m.,
September 1908 (No. 2927; bush 0.6-1 m. tall, flowers rose-purple);
same locality, alt. 300-1000 m., September 1908 (No. 2928; bush
0.6-1 m. tall, flowers violet-purple).

Desmodium sinuatum Blume apud Baker in Hooker f., Fl. Brit.
Ind. 11. 166 (1879).

Desmodium strangulatum, var. sinuatum Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 255 (1855).

Western Szech'uan: Tung Valley, thickets, alt. 600-1200 m.,
1908 (No. 2941; shrub 1-1.2 m. tall, flowers purple).

Desmodium tiliaefolium G. Don, Gen. Syst. II. 297 (1832).

Western Szech'uan: south-east of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt.
1300-1600 m., June 1908 (No. 2936; bush 1.3-2 m. tall, flowers
crimson); Hongkong Ting, descent Hsao-chin Ho, alt. 2300-2600 m.,
June 1908 (No. 2937; bush 0.6-2 m. tall, flowers deep yellow); Mupin,
thickets, alt. 1000-1600 m., June 1908 (No. 2940; bush 1-1.2 m. tall,
flowers purple).

URARIA Desv.

Uraria hamosa Wallich, var. sinensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXIII. 177 (1887).

Western Szech'uan : Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m.,
September 1908 (No. 2935; bush 1-1.3 m. tall, flowers violet-purple).

LEGUMINOSAE. — LESPEDEZA 105

LESPEDEZA Michx.

Determined by A. K. Schindler.

Lespedeza floribunda Bunge, Plant. Mongh.-Chin. 13 (1835). —
Maximowicz in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, IX. 470
(Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859); in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 360 (1873).—
Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 78 (1871). — Franchet in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 248 (PI. David. I. 96) (1883). — Hem-
sley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 181 (1887). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb.
XXIX. 415 (1900), excluso specimine citato Giraldi No. 1593.

Lespedeza medicaginoides Hemsley in Jour. lAnJi. Soc. XXIII. 182 (pro parte,

non Bunge) (1887).
Lespedeza floribunda, var. alopecuroides Franchet, PI. Delavay., 169 (1889).
Lespedeza fasciculiflora Franchet, 1. c. (1889).
Lespedeza bicolor Prain in Jour. As. Soc. Bengal. LXVI. 377 (non Turcza-

ninow) (1897).

Western Hupeh: grassy places around Ichang, alt. 30-600 m.,
July 1907 (No. 3491; shrub, 0.30-1 m. high, flowers purple).
Chihli : Hills near Nankow, October 5, 1905, J. G. Jack.

Lespedeza floribunda, var. alopecuroides Franchet is identical with the t3^pe of
Bunge showing only a denser fohage and shorter racemes. Lespedeza fasciculiflora
Franchet, based on No. 1976 of Delavay, is a small prostrate plant with leaflets a
little shorter and broader, and with narrower bracteoles, but in calyx and corolla and
in the nerves of the leaflets identical with L. floribunda. There being no fruit it
seems impossible on such unimportant differences to separate as a species or even
as a variety, these specimens from L. floribunda. Lespedeza fasciculiflora seems
to me only a depauperate prostrate form of L. floribunda.

Lespedeza sericea Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 49 (1867);
Prol. Fl. Jap. 237 (1867). — Baker in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II.
142 (1879). — Prain in Jour. As. Soc. Bengal. LXVI. 374 (1897).

Hedysarum sericeum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 287 (err. tjT). 289) (1784).
Anthyllis cuneata Dumont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, VI. 100 (1811).
Aspalathus cuneata D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 246 (1824).
Lespedeza juncea De Candolle, Prodr. II. 348 (pro parte) (1825). — Turc-

zaninow, Fl. Baical.-Dahur. I. 340 (1842-45). — Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. I.

230 (non Persoon) (1855).
Lespedeza eriocarpa Walhch, Cat. No. 5743 C?, Df, E (nomen nudum) (1831). —

G. Don, Gen. Syst. II. 307 (non De Candolle) (1832).
Lespedeza cuneata G. Don, Gen. Syst. II. 307 (1832). — Bentham in Hooker,

Jour. Bot. & Kew. Card. Misc. IV. 47 (1852); Fl. Hongk. 85 (1861); Fl.

Austral. II. 240 (1864).
Hedysarum junceum Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 362 (non Linnaeus f.)

(1832).

106 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Indigofera chinensis Vogel in Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol. XIX. Suppl. 14

(1843). — Walpers, Rep. I. 669 (1842). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.

XXIII. 156 (1887).
Lespedeza argyrea Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Muench. IV. pt. II. 120

{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 12) (1845).
Lespedezia juncea Miquel in Jour. Bot. Neerl. I. 123 (1861).
Lespedeza juncea, var. sericea Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 371

(1873). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 181 (1887). — Collett &

Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVIII. 45 (1890). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb.

XXIX. 415 (1900), excluso specimine citato, Giraldi No. 1595.
Lespedeza juncea Persoon, var. kanaoriensis Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop.

II. 371 (pro parte) (1873).
Lespedeza juncea var. a. juncea Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 181 (pro

parte, non Maximowicz) (1887).
Lespedeza juncea Persoon, vars. a. glabrescens, j8. sericea, y. hispida Franchet,

PI. Delavay. 169, 170 (1889).

Western Szech'uan: Kiating-Fu, grassy places, alt. 30D-500
m., September 1908 (No. 2931; shrub, 0.30-1 m. high, flowers white).
Western Hupeh: September 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1710).
Kiangsu: Chinkiang, September 1890, W. R. Carles (No. 470).
Chekiang: Vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor. Formosa:
"incollibusPachiran," June 1903, U. Faurie (No. 150). Corea: "in
herbidis Quelpaert," October 1906, U. Faurie (No. 413); same
locality, September 1907, Taquet (No. 79).

Lespedeza Buerger! Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 47 (1867);
Prol. Fl. Jap. 235 (1867). — Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II.
353 (1873), excluso specimine citato Wilford. — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXIII. 179 (1887). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 415
(1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Gior. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 398
(1910), XVIII. 123 (1911).

Lespedeza Sieboldii Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 47 (1867), quoad

specimen citatum: Oldham No. 333, ceteris exclusis; Prol. Fl. Jap. 235

(1867).
Lespedeza Oldhami Miquel 1. c. 48; 236 (1867).
Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miquel, 1. c. 48, 236 (1867), quoad specimen citatum

Oldham a. nom. L. virgataef, ceteris exclusis.
Lespedeza Buergeri Miquel, var. Oldhami Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop.

II. 354 (1873)
Lespedeza bicolor Turczaninow, |8. intermedia Maximowicz, 1. c. 356 (1873),

quoad specimen citatum Oldham No. 335, ceteris exclusis.
Lespedeza Buergeri Miquel, forma angustifolia Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag.

XX. 41 (1906).

Szech'uan: A. y. i^os^/iorn (No. 1652). Western Hupeh : Hsing-
shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July 1907 (No. 3494; bush 2.5 m.,

LEGXJMINOSAE. — LESPEDEZA 107

high, flowers pale purple); same locality, alt. 1300-1600 m., June and
November 1907 (No. 644; bush, 2 m. high, flowers greenish white,
spotted purple); Fang Hsien, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2145);
Pao-kang (Veitch Exped. No. 1222). Kiangsi: Kuling, side of
streams, alt. 1200 m., July 28, 1907 (No. 1631; shrub, 1-2 m. high,
flowers yellow to purple).

On the sheets of the type specimens of Miquel's Lespedeza Sieboldii and Les-
pedeza cyrtobotrya and of Maximowicz's Lespedeza bicolor var. intermedia are also
specimens of Miquel's Lespedeza Buergeri.

Lespedeza Davidii Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2. V.
246, t. 13 {PI David. I. 94, t. 13) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn.
Soc. XXIII. 180 (1887).

Kiangsi: a common constituent of the jungle round Kuling, alt.
1200-1600 m., July 31, 1907 (No. 1616; bush, 1.5-2 m. high, flowers
reddish-purple) .

I have not seen this species in this locality at a higher altitude than 1400 m.

Lespedeza formosa Koehne, Deutsche Dendrol. 343 (1893).

Desmodium formosum Vogel in Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. -Carol. XIX. Suppl. 29

(1842). — Walpers, Rep. I. 740 (1843). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.

XXIII. 172 (1887).
Desmodium racemosum Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt.

II. 121 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 13) (pro parte, non De CandoUe) (1845).
Lespedeza viatorum Champion in Hooker, Jour. Bot. & Kew. Gard. Misc. IV.

47 (1852). — Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 374 (1852-57). — Bentham, Fl.

Hongk. 86 (1861). — Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 355 (err. typ.

viatrum) (1873). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 183 (1887).
Lespedeza racemosa Siebold in herb, ex Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III.

47 (quasi synon., pro parte) (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 235 (1867). — Dippel,

Handb. Laubholzk. III. 720 (1893).
Lespedeza Sieboldi Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 47 (1867), excluso

specimine citato Oldham No. 333); Prol. Fl. Jap. 235 (1867).
Lespedeza bicolor Turczaninow, forma microphylla Miquel, 1. c. 47 (pro parte)

(1867).
Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 48 (pro parte)

(1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 236 (1887).
Lespedeza elliptica Bentham in Cat. Griffith distr. a Kew, No. 1745 (nomen

nudum). — Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 351 (1873). — Baker

in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 143 (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.

XXIII. 180 (1887). — Franchet, PI. Delavay. 168 (1889). — Diels in Bot.

Jahrb. XXIX. 415 (1900).
Lespedeza bicolor Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 356 (1873), quoad var.

a. typica (pro parte) et var. 7. Sieboldii, ceteris exclusis, non Turczani-
now).— Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 179 (pro parte) (1887). —

Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 415 (pro parte) (1900).
Desmodium penduliflorum Oudemans in Neerl. Plantentuin, II. t. 2 (1886).

108 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Kiangsi : Ruling, roadside, alt. 750 m., August 1, 1907 (No. 1643),
thickets, alt. 1200 m., July 30, 1907 (No. 1617; shrub 2 m. high, flow-
ers purple). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thick-
ets, alt. 300-1000 m., June 1907 (No. 2924; shrub, 1 m. high,
flowers rosy-purple); Fang Hsien, uplands, alt. 1300-2000 m., July
and November 1907 (No. 575; bush 1-1.60 m. high, flowers red-
purple); Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1600 m., July and December
1907 (No. 774; bush, 1-2 m. high, flowers red-purple); Chang-lo Hsien,
thickets, alt. 1300 m., August 1907 (No. 3493; bush, 1.5 m. high,
flowers purple) ; Changyang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1500 m., August
1907 (No. 438; bush, 1-2 m. high); same locality, thickets, alt. 1300-
1600 m., July and December 1907 (No. 787; bush, 2 m. high, flowers
rosy-purple); Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1600 m., August
and November 1907 (No. 643; bush, 1.5-2 m. high, flowers red-purple);
Hsing-shan Hsien, July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1238); without
precise locality, (Veitch Exped. Nos. 1304, 1581) ; August 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1630); August 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1573). East-
ern Szech'uan: Wushan, July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1391).
Western Szech'uan : west and near Wen-chuan Hsien, thickets, alt.
1000-1600 m., July 1908 (No. 2925; bush, 2 m. high, flowers purplish).
Hongkong: October 11, 1893, Ch. Ford; November 5, 1903, C. S.
Sargent. Shantung: Tsingtau, 1901, Zimmermann (Nos. 243, 276).
Korea: Ping- Yang, September 18, 1905, J. G. Jack; "in herbidis
Quelpaert," October 1906, U. Faurie (No. 416); same locality,
September 1907, Taquet (No. 82); " Quelpaert in sepibus Hongno,"
September 30, 1908, Taquet (No. 693).

Here may be added notes and descriptions based on material in the Herbarium
of the Arnold Arboretum, but referring to species not collected during the Arnold
Arboretum Expeditions.

Lespedeza inschanica Schindler, n. comb.
Lespedeza juncea Persoon, var. inschanica Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop.

II. 371, in nota (1873). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 181 (1887).
Lespedeza medicaginoides Hemsley, 1. c. 182 (1889), cum dubio (pro parte,

quoad specimina citata Skatschkoff et Webster, ceteris exclusis) .
Lespedeza floribunda Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 415 (non Bunge) (1900),

quoad specimina citata Giraldi No. 1593, ceteris exclusis.
Lespedeza juncea Persoon, var. 7. sericea Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 415 (non

Maximowicz) (1900), quoad specimina citata Giraldi, No. 1595, ceteris

exclusis.
? Lespedeza juncea Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 370 (1873) (pro parte,

quoad specimina citata Bunge, ceteris exclusis.
Lespedeza juncea, var. a. juncea Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 181 (non

Maximowicz) (1887), quoad specimina citata Tatarinow et Debeaux,

ceteris exclusis.

LEGUMINOSAE. — LESPEDEZA 109

f Lespedeza juncea Persoon, var. latifolia Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop.

II. 369, 371 (1873). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 181 (1887).

? Lespedeza juncea Persoon, var. subsessilis Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat.

III. 49 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 237 (1867).

f Lespedeza Caraganae Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 372 (pro parte,
non Bunge) (1873), quoad specimen citatum Kirilow, ceteris exclusis.

Korea: " in herbidis Chinnampo," August 1906, U. Faurie (No. 414).

Lespedeza juncea Persoon, Syn. II. 318 (1807). — De Candolle, Prodr. II.
348 (1825), exclusis synonymis citatis: Dumont de Courset et Thunberg. — G.
Don, Gen. Syst. II. 307 (1832). — Bunge, PI. Mongh.-Chin. 10 (1835). — Lede-
bour, Fl. Ross. I. 714 (1842). — Turczaninow, Fl. Baic.-Dahur. I. 340 (1842-45)
excluso synonymo citato Thunberg. — Maximowicz in M6m. Sav. Etr. Acad.
Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 86, 471 {Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859); in Act. Hort. Petrop.
II. 370, 371 (1873), quoad var. a. partim, specimina citata: " Peking, Bunge,
Shantung, Debeaux." — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6r. 2, V. 248
{PI. David. I. 96) (1883).

Hedysarum junceum Linnaeus f., Dec. I. 7, t. 4 (1762). — Linnaeus, Spec.

ed. II. 1053 (1763). — Hill, Veg. Syst. XXI. 38 f. 2 (1772). — Willdenow,

Spec. ed. III. 1194 (pro maxima parte) (1803). — Poiret, Encycl. Meth.

Suppl. III. 3 (1804).
Trifolium hedysaroides Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. III. Anh. 751, t. Dd, fig.

3 (1772-73). — De Candolle, Prodr. II. 204 (1825).
Trifolium cytisoides Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. III. 266 (Anh. 124, t. Dd.

fig. 2), error pro Trifolium hedysaroides.
Hallia juncea Poiret, Encycl. Meth. Suppl. III. 3 (1813).
Lespedezia juncea Hornemann, Hort. Reg. Bot. II. 699 (1815). — Sprengel,

Sxjst. Veg. ed. 16, III. 202 (1826).
Lespedeza juncea Baker in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 142 (non Persoon)

(1876), quoad synonyma citata: Linnaeus, Persoon, De Candolle.
Lespedeza juncea Persoon, var. a. juncea Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.

181 (non Maximowicz) (1887), quoad specimina citata Staunton et David

No. 2137, partim, et loc. Siberia et Mandshuria.^

Manchuria: province of Mukden on the bank of the Yalu River, September
1896, V. Komarov (No. 963). Siberia: "Amur med.", July 1891, S. Korshinsky.

Lespedeza trichocarpa Persoon, Syn. II. 318 (1807). — De Candolle, Prodr.
II. 349 (1825). — G. Don, Gen. Syst. II. 307 (1832). — Bunge, PI. Mongh.-Chin.
10 (1835). — Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. X. pt. VII. 151 {Enum. PI.
Chin. Bor.No. 59) (1837); Fl. Baic.-Dahur. I. 341 (1842-45). — Ledebour, Fl.
Ross. I. 714 (1842). — Maximowicz in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,
IX. 471, 481 {Prim. Fl. Arnur.) (1859); in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 375 (1873).—
Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXXI. 142 {Fl. Tche-Fou, 47) (1876). —

* To this species belong also the following Prelirmean names:

Cytisus saxatilis, Meliloti folio ad caulem adpresso, floribus in foliorum aliSf
pluribu^ confertim, exiguis albidis. Messerschmidt, Hodeg. 1724 (ex Am-
man).

Hedysarum triphyllum flosculis albis, polyanthos, silicula laevi. Amman, Stirp.
Rar. Ruth. 116 (1749).

Hedysarum foliis ternatis, oblongis acuminatis, floribus sparsis. J. G. GmeUn,
Fl. Sibir. IV. 31 (1769).

110 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6r. 2, V. 249 {PI. David. I. 97) (1883) ; in
Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, XXIV. 211 (1884). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXIII. 183 (1887). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 415 (1900).

Trifolium dauricum Laxmann in Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop. XV. 560, t. 30,

fig. 5 (1771). — Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. III. 321 (1772-73).
Hedijsarum trichocarpum Stephen in Willdenow, Spec. III. 1194 (1803).
Hedysarum hirtum Poiret, Encycl. Meth. VI. 409 (pro parte, non Linnaeus)

(1804), sjTionymis excludendis.
Hallia trichocarpa Poiret, Encycl. Meth. Suppl. III. 3 (1813).
Hallia hirta Poiret, 1. c. (pro parte) (1813).

Lespedeza Pallasii G. Don, Gen. Sijst. II. 307 (verisimiliter) (1832).
Lespedeza medicaginoides Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,

II. 93 {Enum. PI. Chin. bor. 19) (1833). — Maximowicz in Act. Hort.

Petrop. II. 375 (1873). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6r. 2. V.

248 {PI. David. I. 96) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 183

(1887), quoad specimina citata: Staunton et Williams.
Lespedeza juncea Persoon, var. inschanica Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop.

II. 371 (pro parte, fide herb. Acad. Petrop.) (1873).
Lespedeza juncea Persoon, var. a. juncea Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.

181 (pro parte, non Maximowicz ) (1887), quoad specimen citatvun Bushell.
Lespedeza Gerardiana Franchet, PI. Delavay. 169 (non Graham) (1890).
Lespedeza Fauriei Leveille in Fedde, Rep. Nov. Sp. VII. 230 (1909).
Lespedeza Feddeana Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. X. 405 (1912).

Korea: " in herbidis Chinnampo," August 1906, U. Faurie (No. 415).

Lespedeza virgata De Candolle, Prodr. II. 350 (1825). — G. Don, Gen. Syst. II.
308 (1832). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 49 (1867), excludendo syn-
onymo citato Siebold & Zuccarini; Prol. Fl. Jap. 237 (1867). — Maximowicz in
Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 362 (1873). — So-mokou-zoussets. XIV. 23 (1874). — Fran-
chet in Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, XXIV. 212 (1884). — Hemsley in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 183 (1887). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 415 (1900). —
Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVIII. 124 (1911).

Hedysarum virgatum Thunberg, Fl Jap. 288 (err. typ. 290) (1784). — Willde-
now, Spec. III. 1201 (1803).

Lespedeza virgata Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Milnch. IV. pt. II. 121
{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 13) (pro parte, non De CandoUe) (1843), quoad syn-
onyma citata: De Candolle et Thunberg, descriptione et planta excludendis.

Lespedeza Swinhoei Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 5, V. 210, t. 5. (1866).

Western Hupeh: July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1417). Kiangsu: Chin-
kiang, August 1890, W. R. Carles (No. 473). Chekiang: Vicinity of Ningpo,
1908, D. Macgregor.

Lespedeza tomentosa Siebold apud Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 376
(1873). — Debeaux in Ann. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXXI. 141 {Fl. Tche-Fou, 46)
(1876). — Baker in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 143 (1876). — Franchet in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 249 {PI. David. I. 97) (1883); in Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat.
Cherbourg, XXIV. 212 (1884). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 415 (1900).

Hedysarum tomentosum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 286 (1784). — Willdenow, Spec.

III. 1181 (1803).
Hedysarum villosum Willdenow, 1. c. 1195 (1803).
Hedysarum coriaceum Poiret in Encycl. Meth. VI. 418 (1804).

LEGUMINOSAE. — LESPEDEZA 111

Lespedeza villosa Persoon, Syn. II. 318 (1807). — De Candolle, Prodr. II.

349 (1825) excludendo synonymo citato Linnaeus et Hornemann. — G.

Don, Gen. Syst. II. 308 (pro parte) (1832). — Oliver in Jour. Linn. Soc.

IX. 166 (1865). — So-mokou-zoussets, XIV. 20 (1874). — Hemsley in Jour.

Linn. Soc. XXIII. 183 (1887).
Lespedezia glomerata Hornemann, Hart. Hafn. Suppl. 87 (1819). — De Can-
dolle, Prodr. II. 350 (1825). — G. Don, Gen. Syst. II. 308 (1832).
Desmodium obtusum De Candolle, Prodr. II. 329 (pro parte) (1825).
Desmodium tomentosum De Candolle, 1. c. 337 (1825).
Lespedeza macrophylla Bunge, PI. Mongh.-Chin. 10 (1835). — Turczani-

now in Bull. Soc. Mosc. X. i^t. VII. 151 (Enum. PI. Chin. Bor.) (1837). —

Maximowicz in Mim. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 470 {Prim.

Fl. Amur.) (1859).
Lespedeza hirta Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I. 368 (pro parte, non Elliot)

(1838). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 49 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap.

237 (1867).
Lespedeza hirta, polystachya, villosa, hort. bot. olim.

Western Hupeh: Changyang (Veitch Exped. No. 1694). Yunnan:
Mengtze, alt. 1380 m., A. Henry (No. 9815). Chekiang: Vicinity of Ningpo,
1908, D. Macgregor. Korea: "in herbidis Chinnampo," August 30, 1906, U.
Faurie (No. 419).

Lespedeza Friebeana Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. IX. 514 (1911).

Lespedeza Buergeri Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 353 (pro parte, non

Miquel) (1873), quoad specimen citatum: " Port Chusan, Wilford."
Lespedeza bicolor Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 179 (pro parte, non

Turczaninow) (1887), quoad specimina citata Carles, Wilford, Oldham

(No. 339).

Korea : " in collibus Ouen-san," August 1901, U. Faurie (No. 51); same local-
ity, July 1906, U. Faurie (No. 411); Seoul, September 21, 1905, J. G. Jack; Seoul,
Nam-san, September 11, 1906, U. Faurie (No. 412).

Lespedeza Dunnii Schindler, n. sp.

Frutex erectus, ramosus, caule ramisque leviter lineatis, novellis subvilloso-
tomentosis. Folia stipulis obscuris e basi latiore subulatis ad 5 mm. longis et
petiolo tomentoso ad 1 cm. longo et rhachide ad 6 mm. longa praedita, foliola
elliptica v. ovali-elliptica, basi plerumque bene rotundata, apice obtusa v. retusa
V. emarginata, mucronata, supra brevissLme molliter subvelutino-sericea, subtus
densius longiusque adpresse sericea, nervis secundariis supra impressis, subtus
crasse prominentibus, foliolum terminale ad 3.5 cm. longum et ad 1.6 cm. latum,
lateralia leviter minora. Racemi axillares, singuli, sublonge pedunculati, tomen-
tosi, elongati, laxiflori, cum pedunculo ad 6 cm. longi, folia superantes; bracteae
lanceolatae, circiter 2 mm. longae; pedicelli dense pilosi, circiter 1.5 mm. longi;
bracteae secundariae pedicello saepe paullo adnatae; bracteolae lineares, circiter
2 mm. longae, calycis tubum superantes; calyx profuude ultra dimidium 4-fidus,
circiter 6 mm. longus, corollae dimidium excedens, longe denseque adpresse sericeus,
tubo 1-1.25 mm. longo, laciniis linearibus 4.5-4.75 mm. longis, postica breviter
(1.5 mm.) bifida; corolla ex sicco purpurea v. violacea, vexillo carinaque acqui-
longis alas superantibus, vexillo obovato apice retuso 8.5-9 mm. longo ct 6-6.5
mm. lato breviter unguiculato et appendiculato, alis anguste ovalibus breviter
. (1.5 mm.) unguiculatis circiter 7.5 mm. longis et 2.5 mm. latis, carina obtusa
breviter (2 mm.) unguiculata 8.5-9 mm. longa et circiter 3 mm. lata; ovarium
apicem versus ciliatum, ceterum glabrum. Legumen ignotum.

112 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Central Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Herb. Bot. Gard.
Hongkong, No. 2560).

Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 47 (1867), exclu-
dendis synonymis citatis et planta " Desmodium racemosum var. albiflorum Sie-
bold", partim et specimen citatum Oldhamii sub nom. "L. virgatae?"; Prol.
Fl. Jap. 236 (1867). — Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 357 (1873).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 180 (err. typ. " cyclobotrya ") (1887).

Lespedeza virgata Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt. II. 121

{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 1. 13) (pro parte, non De Candolle) (1845), excludendo

S3aionymo citato Thunberg.
Campylotropis virgata Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 230 (1855). — Maximowicz in

Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 352 (1873).
Lespedeza bicolor Turczaninow, forma microphylla Miquel in Ann. Mus.

Lugd.-Bat. III. 47 (pro parte, fide herb.) (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 236 (1867).
Lespedeza bicolor Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 355 (pro parte, non

Turczaninow) (1873), quoad synonymum citatum Siebold partim. — Diels

in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 415 (pro parte) non Turczaninow) (1900), quoad

specimina citata Giraldi (Nos. 1557, 1559).
Lespedeza bicolor, var. a. typica Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. II. 356

(pro parte, fide herb.) (1873).
Lespedeza bicolor, var. /3. intermedia Maximowicz, 1. c, quoad specimen

citatum Tschonoski.

Korea: Seoul, September 21, 1905, J. G. Jack.

Lespedeza bicolor Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. 69 (1840). —
Ledcbour, Fl. Ross. I. 715 (1842). — Maximowicz in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St.
Petersbourg, IX. 86, 470 {Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859); in Act. Hort. Petrop. I. 355
(1873), quoad var. a. typica, partim, et var. j8. intermedia, partim, nempe specimen
citatum Tatarinow. — Regel in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 7, IV. No.
IV. 51 {Tent. Fl. Ussur.) (1861). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 47 (pro
parte) (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 236 (1867). — Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux
XXXI. 140 {Fl. Tche-Fou, 45) (1876). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris,
ser. 2, V. 247 {PI. David. I. 95) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.
179 (1887), quoad specimina citata Skatschkoff, Tatarinow, Bretschneider, Main-
gay.

Lespedeza bicolor Turczaninow, forma microphylla Miquel in Ann. Mus.
Lugd.-Bat. III. 47 (pro parte) (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 236 (1867).

Lespedeza bicolori affinis Maximowicz in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
bourg, IX. 470 {Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859).

Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, So-mokou-zoussets, XIV. 19 (non Miquel) (1874).

Lespedeza japonica Schindler in Bot. Jahrb. XLVI. Beibl. CVI. 54, 55 (nomen)
(1912).

Eastern Siberia: Vladiwostok, August 18, 1903, C. S. Sargent. Korea:
" in petrosis Hallaisan," August 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1690); " in petrosis Quel-
paert," July 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1689); "in herbidis Hallaisan," September
1907, Taquet (No. 77); Quelpaert " in sepibus Letchimeri," July 1908, Taquet (No.
695); Quelpaert "in sepibus Hallaisan," alt. 1500 m., August 13, 1908, Taquet
(No. 696).

LEGUMINOSAE. — CAMPYLOTROPIS 113

CAMPYLOTROPIS Bunge.

Determined by A. K. Schindler.

Campylotropis chinensis Bunge, PL Mongh.-Chin. 7 (1835). —
Walpers, Rep. V. 527 (1845^6). — Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov.
XI. 340 (1912).!

Lespedeza macrocarpa Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Pelershourg, II. 92 {Enum.

PI. Chin. Bor. 18) (1835).
Lespedeza ciliata Bentham in Hooker, Jour. Bot. & Kew. Gard. Misc. IV. 48

in nota (1835).
Lespedeza ichangensis Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. IX. 515 (1911).
Lespedeza Rosthornii Schindler 1. c. 516 (1911).
Lespedeza Muehleana Schindler, 1. c. 517, quoad specimen citatum Wilson,

No. 1168.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1600
m., July and November 1907 (No. 576; bush, 1-2 m. high, flowers
pale purple) ; north and south of Ichang, thickets, alt. 1000-2000 m.,
July and December 1907 (No. 766; bush, 1-2 m. high, flowers purple);
without precise locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1168).
Western Szech'uan: Min Valley, roadsides, near Mao-chow, alt.
1500-1800 m., August 1910 (No. 4597; bush 1-2 m. high, flowers
rosy-purple); near Wa-shan, grassy places, alt. 600-1300 m., August
1908 (No. 2926; 1-1.2 m. tall, flowers purple); A. v. Rosthorn
(No. 1627). Chili : Pagoda Hill near Summer Palace, Peking, Sep-
tember 17, 1903, C. S. Sargent; Hills near Great WaU, Peking-Kalgan
road, October 5, 1905, J. G. Jack. Chekiang: Vicinity of Nmgpo,
1908, D. Macgregor.

Campylotropis Sargentiana Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. XI.
341 (1912).

1 Lespedeza macrocarpa was published two years earlier than Campylotropis
chinensis, for Bunge's Enumeratio plantarum appeared in 1833, not in 1835 as
quoted by Dr. Schindler. This is shown by the fact that Bunge's work was re-
viewed by De Candolle as early as January 1834 in the Bibliotheque universelle de
Genhve (p. 107), and that in his Plantarum mongholico-chinensium decas prima
Bunge himself quotes Lespedeza macrocarpa as a synonym of his new Campylotropis
chinensis. This necessitates therefore the following combination:

Campylotropis macrocarpa Rehder, n. comb.
Lespedeza macrocarpa Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. P4tershourg, II. 92 {Enum.

PL Chin. Bor. 18) (1833).
Campylotropis chinensis Bunge, PI. Mongh.-Chin. 7 (1835).

A. R.

114 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Szech'uan: north of Tachien-lu, dry arid regions west
of Romi-chango, alt. 1800-2400 m., July 2, 1908 (No. 3492).

This species is closely related to C. polyantha Schindler, but differs from it in
the thicker, more densely sericeous leaflets, in the smaller earlier caducous stipels
and the shorter appressed pilose pedicels.

Campylotropis Wilsonii Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. XI. 343
(1912).

Western Szech'uan: Min Valley, alt. 1500-2100 m., dry arid
rock, August and September 1903, E. H. Wilson (Veitch Exped. Nos.
3387, 3387^) ; Valley above Lungan-Fu, dry places, alt. 1200 m.,
August 1910 (No. 4618; bush, 1-1.5 m. high, flowers rosy-red).

Campylotropis trigonoclada Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. XI.
430 (1912).

Lespedeza trigonoclada Franchet, PI. Delavay. 167, t. 42 (1889).

Lespedeza trigonoclada Franchet, var. angustifolia Pampanini in Nuov. Gior.

Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 24 (1910).
Lespedeza trigonoclada Franchet, f. intermedia Pampanini, 1. c.
Lespedeza angulicaulis (Harms) Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. IX. 522

(1911).

Western Szech'uan: Tung Valley, grassy places, alt. 800 m.,
October 1908 (No. 2938; bush, 60-1 m. high, flowers creamy-yellow),
(Veitch Exped. No. 3377). Yunnan: Mengtze, alt. 1500 m., A.
Henry (Nos. 9135, 9622), Mile district, A. Henry (No. 9135»).

Tliis species is very variable in the shape of the leaflets, but as all the different
forms of leaflets are found on the same plant it is impossible to distinguish
varieties.

Here may be added the determination of some specimens of the Arnold Arbo-
retum Herbarium, not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions. As
the names with full synonymy have been published already in Fedde's Reper-
iorium, the synonyms are not repeated here.

Campylotropis yunnanensis (Franchet) Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov.
XI. 338 (1912).

Yunnan: Mengtze, alt. 1380 m., A. Henry (No. 9134); Mengtze, woods, alt.
1400 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9702, 9702'*).

Campylotropis Muehleana Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. XI. 339 (1912).
Western China: (prob. Szech'uan), alt. 900 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped.
No. 3383).

Campylotropis polyantha (Franchet) Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. XI.
340 (1912).

Western Szech'uan: without precise locality, May 1904 (Veitch Exped.
No. 3378). Yunnan: Mengtze, grass mountains, alt. 1350-1500 m., A. Henry
(Nos. 9626% 9626'^).

LEGUMINOSAE. — DALBERGIA 115

Campylotropis Prainii (Collett & Hemsley) Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov.
XI. 341 (1912).

Yunnan: Mengtze, woods, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No3. 9803, gSOS*^).

Campylotropis diversifolia (Hemsley) Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. XI.
342 (1912).

Yunnan: Mengtze, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9243^ 9243^^).

Campylotropis parviflora (Kurz) Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. XI. 342
(1912) (sphalmate C. parvifolia).

Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 12712).

Campyloytropis hirtella (Franchet) Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. XI.
428 (1912).

Yunnan: Mengtze, alt. 1500m., A. Henry (No.

Campylotropis latifolia (Dunn) Schindler in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. XI. 428
(1912).

Yunnan: Mile district, A. Henry (No.

DALBERGIA L. f.

Dalbergia Dyeriana Prain in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LXX. 44 (1901).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, thickets, alt. 300-600 m., June and
October 1907 (No. 2903 ; climber 7 m. tall) ; same locality, May 1907
(No. 2909; large semi-scandent shrub, 7 m. or more, flowers pale
yellow); Nanto, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 782; tree, 5 m. tall,
flowers dirty white). Western Szech'uan : near Wa-shan, thickets,
alt. 300-800 m., June and October 1908 (No. 2908; climber, 7 m. or
more, flowers pale yellow) ; Mt. Omei, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
4833).

A large growing climber, common at low altitudes in western Hupeh and Sze-
ch'uan. E. H. W.

Dalbergia hupeana Hance in Jour. Bot. XX. 5 (1882).

JK.ingsi : Kiukiang, foot-hills, alt. 300 m., August 2, 1907 (No.
1567; tree, 7-14 m. tall). Western Hupeh : Ichang, alt. 300-1000
m., June and October 1907 (No. 494; tree 7-20 m. tall, girth 0.3-1.3
m., flowers buff-yellow); same locality, June 1907 (No. 2094; tree, 7-
10 m. tall, flowers whitish) ; Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 600 m., July and
October 1907 (Nos. 494% 2906; tree, 7-14 m., girth 0.3-0.6 m., flowers
yellowish; valuable timber). Changyang Hsien, alt. 1000 m., July
and December 1907 (No. 768; tree, 7-12 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.6 m.,
flowers yellowish); Patung Hsien, alt. 600-1000 m., August 1907 (No.
2907; tree, 7-10 m. tall, flowers buff-yellow) ; without precise locality,
June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 864).

116 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This species, wMch is one of the most valuable of the Chinese timber trees, is
everywhere common up to 1000 m. altitude. It is a medium-sized tree with a
relatively slender trunk and gray, roughish bark which exfoliates in thin, irregularly
oblong sheets. The branches are small and ascending and form a narrow head.
The wood is white or nearly so, heavy and very tough. It is largely used in turn-
ing and for making pulley-blocks, tool handles and for any and every purpose
where strength is needed. Colloquially this tree is known as the " Tian shu,"
and the wood as " Tian mu." Pictures of this tree wUl be found under Nos. 63,
473, 626, 719, 0247 of the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation
of Western China, Nos. 198-200. E. H. W.

Dalbergia stenophylla Prain in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LXX. 56 (1901).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, cliffs, alt. 300-600 m., June 8 and
October 1907 (No. 632, in part; scandent bush, 3-7 m., flowers creamy-
white) ; without precise locality, July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1350).
Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-chuan Hsien, alt. 1000
m., July 1908 (No. 632 m part; scandent bush, 3-7 m. tall).

Dalbergia spec.

Western Szech'uan: Chen-tu plain, alt. 300-600 m., October
1908 (No. 2905; tree, 8-13 m. tall).

DUMASIA DC.

Dumasia hirsuta Craib, sp. n.

Caules volubiles, pilis brunneis rigidiusculis satis longis divaricatis
tecti, straminei. Folia trifoliolata, petiolo ad 12 cm. longo pilis lis
cauUum similibus sed parcius instructo stramineo sulcato suffulta;
stipulae lanceolatae v. lineari-lanceolatae, acutae, 7 mm. longae,
nervosae, pauci-ciliatae; foliola subovata, apice obtusissima, parum
retusa, mucronulata, basi terminaha latissime cuneata, lateralia
truncata, 3.5-9 cm. longa, 3-7.1 cm. lata, membranacea, supra glabra
V. ut infra pilis brunneis rigidis adpressis sparsissime instructa, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 4-6 pagina utraque conspicuis, petiolulis 2-4
mm. longis pilis ut caulibus instructis suffulta, foliolo terminali a
lateralibus 2-4.7 cm. distante; stipellae filiformes, ad 6 mm. longae.
Calyx ad 7.5 mm. longus, ore oblique truncatus. Vexillum 11 mm. Ion-
gum, 9 mm. latum, ungui 6 mm. longo; alae 5.5 mm. longae, basi
truncatae, ungui 11 mm. longo; carina basi truncata, 5.5 mm. longa,
3.5 mm. lata, ungui vix 11 mm. longo suffulta.

A Dumasia leiocarpa Bentham, cui afl&nis, caulibus pilis longius-
eulis brunneis divaricatis instructis, petiolis longioribus, foliolis
majoribus, lateralibus basi fere truncatis distinguenda.

LEGUMINOSAE. — STIZOLOBIUM 117

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m.,
July 1907 (No. 3483; climber, 2 m., flowers yellowish) ; same locality,
A. Henry (No. 6115); Chiensi, 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1330).

ERYTHRINA L.

Erythrma arborescens Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. 53 (nomen nudum)
(1814); Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 256 (1832).

Western Szech'uan: near Luting-chiao, alt. 1300 m., October
1910 (No. 4565; tree, 7 m. tall, girth 0.45-0.6 m.).

The specimen is in fruit only and its determination rests doubtful.
This tree is found round dwellings in the warm arid river-valleys of western
Szech'uan but is rare. E. H. W.

APIOS Moench.

Apios Fortune! Maximowicz m Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,
XVIII. 396 (1873); in Mel. Biol. IX. 67 (1873).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m.,
June and September 1907 (No. 3488; climber, 1-3 m., flowers yellow).
Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, not common, alt. 1300 m., July 30,
1907 (No. 1641; climber, 3 m., flowers pale yellow).

MUCUNA Adans.

Mucuna sempervirens Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 190
(1887).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, glens, alt. 30-300 m., April 24, 1907
(No. 3271; huge climber; flowers maroon-purple, foetid). Sze-
ch'uan: Yangtze cliffs, April 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3411).

This climber grows to a huge size and is very common on the cliffs of glens
and gorges and elsewhere at low altitudes in western Hupeh and in Szech'uan. It
is very floriferous and its large, waxy, evil-smelling flowers are very rich in honey
and attract a large variety of insects. The flowers are produced mainly on the
old wood and are hidden from view by an overhanging mantle of dark green
leaves. The flat, broad bean-like pods are a yard or more long and are densely
covered on the outside with tawny, appressed barbed hairs. In the neighborhood
of Ichang this climber is known as the " Mien-ma-t'eng " or " Niu-ma-t'eng."

E. H. W.

STIZOLOBIUM Pers.

Stizolobium hassjoo Piper & Tracy in Bull. U. S. Bur. PI. Indust.
CLXXIX. 17 (1910).

118 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, cliffs in ravines, alt. 300-
600 m., October 1907 (No. 3758; climber, 3 m.). Western Sze-
ch'uan: Tung-ch'uan Fu, cultivated, alt. 300-600 m., July 1910
(No. 3767; climber, 2-3 m., seeds white).

This plant is frequently cultivated on the Chengtu Plain and elsewhere in
Szech'uan for its white seeds which are an article of food. It is known as the
" Mao-huang-tou " (Hairy Soy-bean). E. H. W.

PUERARIA DC.

Pueraria hirsuta Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 114, fig. 72

(1907).

Dolichos hirsuta Thunberg in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. 339 (1794).

Pachyrhizus Thunbergianus Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Milnch. IV.

pt. III. 237 {Fl Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 113) (1846).
Pueraria Thunbergiana Bentham in Jour. Linn. Soc. IX. 122 (1867).

Kiangsi : Ruling, thickets, abundant, alt. 1300 m., August 1, 1907
(No. 1661; climber, 7 m. or more, flowers dark red). Western
Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, abundant, alt. 300-1200 m.,
August and September 1907 (No. 3226, in part; huge climber, 7-10
m., flowers dark red); without precise locality, July 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1406). Western Szech'uan: Wen-ch'uan Hsien, alt.
300-1300 m., July 1908 (No. 3226, in part; large climber, 5-8 m.,
flowers dark red).

Abundant at low altitudes everywhere in Hupeh and Szech'uan where it is
known as the " ko t'eng." The fibre from the shoots is made into a coarse cord
and is employed as a slow-burning fuse to explode the native gingals and match-
locks. This fibre is also more elaborately perpared and made into a textile cloth
known as " ko-pu." From the thickened rootstock starch is prepared as a food.
This starch (ko-feu) is, however, but little valued and is only used in times of
scarcity and by the poorer peasants. E. H. W.

RHYNCHOSIA Lour.

Rhynchosia Dielsii Harms m Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 418 (1900).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets, alt. 30-
600 m., June 1907 (No. 3485; climber, 2 m., flowers yellow); Hsmg-
shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 60-1000 m., June 6, 1907 (No. 3484; climber
2 m., flowers yellow).

Rhynchosia Craibiana Rehder, n. sp.

Rhynchosia himalensis Franchet, PL Delavay. 185 (non Bentham) (1890).
Rhynchosia striata Franchet in herb, (non G. Don).

LEGUMINOSAE. — FLEMINGIA 119

Suffrutex scandens, 1-2-metralis; ramuli teretes, tomento patent!
villoso flavescente glandulis stipitatis intermixtis vestiti, ut petioli et
petioluli pedunculique; stipulae lanceolatae, circiter 4 mm. longae,
reflexae. Folia longe petiolata petiolo 3-5 cm. longo; foliola mem-
branacea, laete viridia, siibtus paullo pallidiora, utrinque breviter
molliter villosa, estipellata, terminale orbiculari-ovatum, basi trun-
catum V. rotundatum, subito breviter acuminatum, 2.5-4.5 cm.
longum et latum, petiolulo 1.5-2 cm. longo suffultum, lateralia similia,
sed obliqua, paullo minora et paullo longiora quam lata, petiolulo
2-3 mm. longo. Racemi pedunculati, laxi, 3-5-flori, 6-9 cm. longi;
pedicelli 3-5 mm. longi, basi bractea ovata acuta 3-4 mm. longa
suffulti; calyx dense pubescens et parce glandulosus, circiter ad
medium fissus, dentibus triangulari ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, in-
fimo e basi lanceolata in acumen longum subulatum producto quam
ceteri duplo longiore, cum dente infimo 8-10 mm. longus; corolla lutea,
circiter 1.5 cm. longa; vexillum glabrum, conspicue venosum, sub-
orbiculare, circiter 13 mm. diam., basi callosum, manifeste auricula-
tum; alae oblongae, auriculatae, quam carina paullo breviores. Legu-
men immaturum, dense pubescens, 2-spermum, acutum.

Western Szech'uan: Monkong Ting, descent of Hsao-chin Ho,
alt. 2300-2600 m., June 30, 1908 (No. 2934; 1-2 m., flowers yellow).

This species seems closely related to R. himalensis Bentham which is easily
distinguished, however, by the larger leaflets longer than broad, the much longer,
many-flowered racemes and by the lowest calyx-tooth being as long as the corolla.
It was determined by Mr. Craib as R. striata Franchet, l)ut as this is an unpub-
lished name, and is, moreover, preoccupied by the South African R. striata G. Don,
it is necessary to give this plant a new name. A. R.

Rhynchosia volubilis Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 460 (1790).
Western Hupeh : thickets around Ichang, alt. 300-600 m.,
August 1907 (No. 3487; twining sub-shrub).

FLEMINGIA Roxb.

Flemingia fluminalis Clarke apud Prain in Jour. As. Soc. Beng.
LXVI. pt. II. 438 (1897).

Szech'uan: Wan Hsien, banks of Yangtze River, alt. 300 m.,
April 1908 (No. 2930; 0.6 m. tall, flowers white).

Flemingia congesta Roxburgh, var. viridis Prain in Jour. As. Soc.
Beng. LXVI. pt. II. 440 (1897).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, alt. 600-1000 m., October 1908
(No. 2932; shrub 0.6-1.3 m. tall, flowers purple).

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

NITRARIA L.

Nitraria Schoberi Linnaeus, Spec. ed. 2, 638 (1762). — Pallas, Fl.
Ross. I. pt. I. 79, t. 50 (1784). — Gaertner, Fruct. I. t. 58 (1788). —
De Candolle, Prodr. III. 456 (1828). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XXI.
296 (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 97 (1886).—
Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 214 (PL David I. 62)
(1883). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIX. 154 (1908).

Western Szech'uan: near Monkong Ting, valley of Hsao-chin
Ho, alt. 2300 m., rare, June 27, 1908 (No. 2459; bush 1-2 m., flowers
white, branches dense, decumbent).

This is a rare plant in western Szech'uan and only known to us from the above
locaUty where, however, it is plentiful. It had also been collected in western
Szech'uan by Potanin in two localities according to Komarov, and in Kansu by
Przewalski.

120

RUTACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.^
ZANTHOXYLUM L.

Sect. 1. EUZANTHOXYLUM Endl.

Zanthoxylum Bungei Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. s6t. 3, XIX. 82
(1853). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XIII. 131 (1875); XX. 3 (1882).—
Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 218 {PI. David. I.
66) (1883); VIII. 210 (PI. David. II. 28) (1886). — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXIII. 105 (1886). — Maximowicz in Act. Hart. Petrop.
XI. pt. 1, 93 (1890). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 421 (1900).—
Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 407 (1910).

Zanthoxylum nitidum Bunge in Mem. Sav. £tr. Acad. Sci. St. PMersbourg, II.

87 (Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 13) (non De Candolle) (1833).
Zanthoxylum simulans Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. b6t. 5, V. 208 (1866).
Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,

s6t. 3, XVI. 212 (1871); in Mel. Biol. VIII. 2 (1871).
Zanthoxylum fraxinoides Hemsley in Ann. Bot. IX. 148 (1895).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, wild and cultivated, alt. 30-1000 m.,
July 1907 (Nos. 2692, 2694; bush 1-2 m. tall); Fang Hsien, alt. 1300
m., August 1907 (No. 2695; bush 1-2 m. tall); without locality, A.
Henry (Nos. 3956, 6653, 6903, type of Zanthoxylum fraxinoides Hems-
ley). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, cultivated, A. Henry
(No. 5781). Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets by roadside,
alt. 1000-1500 m., September 1908 (No. 961; bush 2-4 m. tall); south-
east of Tachien-lu, wayside thickets and cultivated, alt. 1600-2300
m., Jime and September 1908, October 1910 (Nos. 1189, 4622; bush
2-3 m. tall) ; valley of Min River, Mao-chou to Sungpan Ting, com-
monly cultivated, August 1910 (Nos. 4621, 4623; bush 1.5-3 m. tall);
without precise locality, ravines, alt. 3100 m., June 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3308). Shensi: " Lao-y-san," September 1897, G.

1 Phellodendron determined by C. S. Sargent and Citrus and Poncirus by
Walter T. Swingle.

121

122 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Giraldi. Chili: near Peking, in hedges, September 16, 1903, C. S.
Sargent; same locality, Skatchkov.

This shrub, the " Hwa-chiao " (Chinese pepper or spice bush), is commonly
cultivated through central and western China, especially in the dry, hot river-
valleys. It also occurs on the cliffs and by the waj'sides and is probably indigenous.
In degree of armature, and size and shape of the leaves there is considerable varia-
tion. Commonly the plant is everywhere glabrous but the larger leaflets have
usually beneath a tuft of villose hairs on each side of the base of the midrib; occa-
sionally the pedicels and very rarely the young shoots are sparsely pubescent. Zan-
thoxylum fraxinoides Hemsley, is founded on a broad-leaved, sparsely spinose
form, but specimens before us show every gradation and we are quite unable to
separate them even as a variety.

This species is the only one we have seen cultivated by the Chinese and its
fruits are their most prized condiment. A picture of this shrub will be found
under No. 0145 of the collection of Wilson photographs.

Here may be added a new variety not collected during the Arnold Arboretum
Expeditions.

Zanthoxylum Bungei, var. Zimmennannii Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis majoribus cum petiolo ad 28 cm. longis, foliolis oVato-
ellipticis v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis 4-9 cm. longis, inflorescentia laxiore et
longiorc 6-10 cm. longa et 9-13 cm. lata.

Shantung: Tsingtau, Zimmermann, 1901 (No. 460, type). Korea: Quel-
paert, U. Faurie, October 1906 and July 1907 (Nos. 463, 1628); Taquet, May 20,
1908 and May 1909 (Nos. 621, 2709).

This variety is chiefly distinguished by its much larger and looser inflorescence,
from the type, the inflorescence of which usually measures only 3-4 cm. in diam.
and is rather compact; the leaflets of the type are obtusish or acutish and very
rarely exceed 4 or 5 cm. in length. In the specimens from Shantung the leaflets
measure 5.5-9 cm., while in the specimens from Quelpaert they are smaller and
sometimes not more than 3 cm. long, but the inflorecsence is the same as that of
the Shantung specimen.

Zanthoxylum Piasezkii Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 93

(1889).

Zanthoxylum piperitum Maximowicz apud Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.
107 (non De Candolle) (1886), quoad plantam Piasezkii.

Western Szech'uan: Mao-chou, arid regions throughout Min
valley, alt. 1000-2000 m., May and August 1908 (No. 1174; bush 1-
2 m., fruit red); Wen-ch'uan Hsien, arid places, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
October 1910 (No. 4390; bush 1.5-3 m.); same locahty, alt. 1600 m.,
July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3309); without locahty. May 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 3310).

This shrub is common in the dry hot river valleys of western Szech'uan and
has smaller leaves than any other Chinese species known to us. Our specimens
agree with Maximowicz's description except that the sepals are rather larger
and none of the leaflets are quite as small as the lowest measurements given by
Maximowicz.

RUTACEAE. — ZANTHOXYLTJM 123

Zanthoxylum pilosulum Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex 1-2-metralis ramis divaricatis; ramuli hornotini puberuli
V. breviter dense pilosuli, purpureo-rufescentes, aculeis stipularibus
compressis et basi valde dilatatis muniti, annotini fusco-grisei, gla-
brescentes. Folia decidua, 3-5-, plerumque 4-juga cum petiolo 5-8
mm. longo 4,5-8 cm. longa; foliola brevissime petiolulata v. fere
sessilia, ovato-elliptica v. oblongo-lanceolata, breviter acuminata v.
acutiuscula, apice plerumque emarginata, basi late cuneata, margine
irregulariter et remote crenulata, sinubus glanduliferis, 1-3 cm. longa
et 0.6-1 cm. lata, glabra, supra obscure luteo-viridia, subtus palli-
diora, et saepe in costa media aculeis 1-2 gracilibus instructa; petioli
et rhaches glabra, supra canaliculata et angustissime alata, aculeis
paucis gracilibus rectis instructa. Inflorescentia terminalis corym-
bosa, sessilis, pilostila, 3.5-4 cm. longa et 4-5 cm. lata; pedicelli
graciles, 7-12 mm. longi; carpella fertilia plerumque 2, immatura.
Flores ignoti.

Western Szech'uan: Monkong Ting, descent of Hsaochin Ho,
alt. 2300-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 2687).

This new species is apparently most closely related to F. setosum Hemsley,
which differs chiefly in the pubescent leaves and in the paniculate inflorescence with
short pedicels; it is also related to F. Bungei Planchon and F. Piasezkii Maximo-
wicz, which both are easily distinguished by their glabrous branchlets and glabrous
inflorescence, the shorter pedicels and the less dilated prickles.

Zanthoxylum pteracanthum Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex 2-3-metralis ramis divaricatis; ramuli glabri, dense aculeis
setaceis fuscis per plures annos persistentibus obtecti et aculeis stipu-
laribus valde compressis longe decurrentibus et alas formantibus
instructi, ala quavis plerumque per duo internodia decurrente et
aculeas duas conjungente, ideoque ramuli fere undique 3-alati ; ramuli
vetustiores cinerei. Folia cum petiolo 1.5-2.5 cm. longo 10-15 cm.
longa, 3-6-juga; foliola breviter petiolulata opposita v. subopposita,
oblonga v. ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, apice obtusa v. emarginata,
basi obliqua late cuneata v. fere rotundata, minute crenulata sinubus
glanduliferis, 2-3.5 cm. longa et 0.8-1.5 cm. lata, glabra, supra sa-
turate viridia, subtus pallidiora; petioli rhachesque glabra canalicu-
lata, marginata, aculeis paucis compressis rectis instructa. Inflores-
centia terminalis, corymbosa, 5-6 cm. diam., sessilis, minutissime
pilosula et ad basin sparse breviter setosa; pedicelli 5-8 mm. longi,
graciles; flores non visi. Carpella matura 1-3, pubescentia, circiter 5

124 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

mm. longa, leviter rugulosa; semina ovalia, solitaria, 3-3.5 mm. longa,
nigra, nitentia.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1100 m., June
and October 1907 (No. 386).

This ia a very remarkable plant with a dense covering of bristles on the stems
and with wing-like prickles extending the full length of the internodes similar to
those of Rosa sericea, var. pteracantha. We have seen specimens with ripe and
immature fruit only and the flowers are unknown to us. From lack of material
we cannot be sure to which section of the genus it belongs, but suspect it to belong
to Euzanthoxylum, as it seems nearly related to Z. Bungei Planchon; it is, how-
ever, apparently still closer to our new Z. pilosulum of which the flowers are also
unknown and may possibly turn out to be a variety of that species with the stipular
prickles strongly developed and the hairs of the branchlets changed into prickles.

Zanthoxylum setosum Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 107
(1886).

Fagara setosa Engler in Engler & Prantl. Nat. Pfianzenfam. III. Abt. IV. 118
(1896).

Kiangsi : Kiukiang plain, thickets and hedgerows, alt. 100-200 m.,
July 27, 1907 (No. 1566; bush 1.5 m.). Western Hupeh: Ichang,
thickets and rocky places, alt. 30-1500 m., April 1907 (Nos. 2688,
2691; bush 1-2.5 m. tall) ; without locality, A. Henry (No. 1504, 1571).
Western Szech'uan : west of Kuan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 2300-2600 m.,
June 1908 (No. 2690; bush 2.5 m., flowers yellow). Chekiang:
vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor.

This shrub is common on the cliifs and in thickets throughout Hupeh and
Szech'uan where it is colloquially known as Yeh-hua-chiao (wild Pepper). The
specimens before us vary considerably in amount of hairiness especially on the
leaves and some of them resemble Zanthoxylum Bungei Planchon, which is most
closely related to this species. By Engler this species had been referred to the
genus Fagara, but our material shows that it is a true Zanthoxylum with a perianth
consisting of one whorl only.

Zanthoxylum imdulatifolium Hemsley in Ann. Bot. IX. 148
(1895). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 421 (1900).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, cliffs, side of streams, alt.
600-1000 m., May 1907 (No. 2689; bush 2.5 m., flowers reddish);
without locality, A. Henry (No. 3938, type). Eastern Szech'uan:
Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5646). Shensi: " Km-san," 1897,
G. Giraldi.

This species is comparatively rare and is well characterized by its pubescence
and by the undulate margins of the leaves. The young shoots are often sUghtly
pruinose and the degree of pubescence on the leaves varies considerably. The

RUTACEAE. — ZANTHOXYLUM 125

affinity of this species is with Z. Bungd Planchon, and Z. setosum Hemsley, from
both of which it is easily distinguished by its undulate leaves.

Zanthoxylum alatum Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. III. 768 (1832). — Hooker
f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 493 (1875).

Yunnan: Mengtze, rocky places, alt. 1.500-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9366,
93660, 9366 «i, 11413); Szemao, alt. 1500-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11908, 12249).

Henry's No. 12249 has leaves 1- to S-jugate on the same shoot.

Zanthoxylum alatum, var. planispmum Rehder & Wilson, n. var. - "2_

Zanthoxylum planispinum Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch., IV. pt.

II. 138 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 30) (1846). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch.

Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 219 {PI. David. I. 67) (1883). — Maximowicz in Bull.

Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXXI. 21 (1886) ; in Mel. Biol. XII. 428 (1886) ;

in Act. Hart. Pelrop. XI. 95 (1889) . — Pritzel in Bat. Jahrb. XXIX. 421

(1900).
Zanthoxylum Bungei Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. s6r. 5, V. 209 (non Planchon)

(1866).
Zanthoxylum alatum Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII, 105 (non Roxburgh)

(1886). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 421 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov.

Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVI. 407 (1910).

"Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, ravines, alt. 300-1000 m..
May 7 and September 1907 (No. 138; bush 2-2.5 m. tall); Ichang,
side of stream, alt. 30-600 m.. May 1907 (No. 2693, in part; bush
2.3 m. tall) ; Changlo Hsien, thickets, sides of streams, alt. 300-1300
m., April 1907 (No. 2693, in part; bush 2-3 m. tall) ; without locality,
A. Henry (No. 7687). Shensi: " Hu-kia-scien," Hugh Scallan.
Yunnan: Mengtze, woods, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9366%
9366^ 9366'). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor.
Kiangsu: without locality, hills, E. Faber. Formosa: without
precise locahty, thickets. May 1903, U. Faurie (No. 22). Korea:
Fusan, May 1906, U. Faurie (No. 465); Quelpaert, thickets, June
1907, U. Faurie (No. 1627); same locality, June 1908, September
1909, Taquet (No. 620, 2707, 2708).

In extreme forms this variety looks very distinct from the type, yet in the spines,
in the shape of the leaflets and in the width of the wings on the petioles we cannot
find any constant character by which to distinguish it specifically from the Indian
plant. The only difference appears to be in the number of the leaflets which is
from 3 to 5 in the variety and 5 and more in the type. In the specimen from
Yunnan, however, this character too is not constant.

This shrub is abundant throughout the warmer parts of central and western
China, more especially in rocky places and by the side of streams. A colloquial
name for it is " Kou-hua-chiao."

Zanthoxylum alatimi, var. planispinum, f. ferrugineum, Rehder &
Wilson, n. forma.

126 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

A typo varietatis recedit ramulis junioribus, petiolis, rhachibus
inflorescentiae fermgineo-pubescentibus.

Western Szech'uan : west and near Wen-eh'uan Hsien, thickets,
alt. 1300 m., July 1908 (No. 2693, type; bush 2.5 m. tall); Mt. Omei,
May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4769).

This form is easily distinguished by the short, ferruginous pubescence covering
the shoots, petioles and the rhachis of the inflorescence.

Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum Hemsley in Ann. Bot. IX. 150
(1895).

Fagara dimorphophylla Engler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III.
Abt. IV. 118 (1896). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 422 (1900).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, thickets, alt. 30-600 m., common,
May and July 1907 (No. 113 ; bush 2.5 m. tall, flowers yellow) ; Changlo
Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., September 1907 (No. 149; bush 3
m. tall); without locality, May and July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No.
601); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5512, 7003). Western
Szech'uan: Lungan Fu, valleys, alt. 1600-2300 m., August 1910
(No. 4624; bush 2^ m. tall); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped.
No. 4770^); without locality, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3311).

This is a very common shrub, abundant in the wayside thickets and on the
cliffs. This plant was originally described as very spiny, but this is an error, since it
is remarkably free of prickles for a species of Zanthoxylum. It had been referred
by Engler to the genus Fagara, though it is stated in Hemsley's original descrip-
tion that it has a simple perianth, which is correct according to the material
before us.

Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum, var. spinifoliimi Rehder & Wilson,
n. var.

A typo recedit ramulis et saepe petiolis aculeatis, foliis 3- v. in-
terdum 5-foliolatis, foliolis margine in sinubus crenarum aculeis
gracilibus et interdum supra rarissime infra aculeis rectis instructis.

Western Szech'uan: Chiu-ting-shan, thickets, alt. 1300 m.. May
22, 1908 (No. 2696, type). Eastern Szech'uan: without locality,
A. Henry (No. 5494).

Easily distinguished from the type by the long setose spines on the margins of
the leaflets; the petioles and branches are also very spiny and the leaves are 3-
or occasionally 5-folioIate.

KUTACEAE. — ZANTHOXYLUM 127

Sect. 2. Fagara G. Don.

Zanthoxylum stenophyllum Hemsley in Ann. Bot. IX. 147 (1895).

Fagara stenophylla Engler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abt.
IV. 118 (1896). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX, 422 (1900).

Western Szech'uan : Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1300 m., September
1908 (No. 964; bush 2-3 m. tall); south-east of Tachien-lu, thickets,
alt. 1600-2000 m., October 1908, 1910 (Nos. 1245, 4148); Mupin,
dry rocky places, alt. 1300-1600 m., October 1910 (No. 4213); Chiu-
ting-shan, thickets, alt. 1000-1200 m., May 21, 1908 (No. 2685,
2686); without locality, alt. 1300 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
3415); Mt. Omei, October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3312). East-
ern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5560). West-
ern Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 6555, 6466, type).

This is a very common subscandent shrub at low altitudes through western
China, especially in rocky places. The numerous specimens before us exhibit
considerable variation in size of the leaflets but all agree in having a terminal
inflorescence, shortly beaked fruit, and shoots slightly pruinose the first year.
The specimen from Mount Omei is the most extreme and may possibly constitute
a well-marked variety. Henry's No. 9874 from Yunnan possibly belongs here but
the inflorescence is very compact and the pedicels are stout and more or less 4-
sided.

Zanthoxylum stenophyllum Hemsley, is closely related to Z. oxyphyllum Edge-
worth, which has larger leaves and flowers and axillary and terminal corymbs.

Zanthoxylum micranthum Hemsley in Ann. Bot. IX. 147 (1895).

Fagara micrantha Engler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abt.

IV. 118 (1896). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 422 (1900).
Fagara Biondii Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 406 (1910).

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, thickets and margins of
woods, alt. 600-1300 m., June and September 1907 (No. 3578; tree
10-12 m. tall, girth 0.6-1 m.); Patung Hsien, woodlands, alt. 600-
800 m., common, July and August 1907 (Nos. 2697, 2698; tree 6-13
m. tall, girth 0.3-1 m.); Changlo Hsien, woodlands, alt. 600-1000 m.,
July 1907 (No. 2697^; tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 1 m.); without locality,
July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2211); Ichang and immediate neigh-
bourhood, A. Henry (No. 4127); without locality, A. Henry (No.
4127% 2690, 2095, type).

This species is common in the thickets and margins of woods through western
Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan. The trunk is slender and covered with smooth,
dark grey bark which is sparsely studded with short stout prickles much thick-

128 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

ened and dilated at their base. All parts of the tree emit a very pungent odour
when bruised. The branchlets are much less spiny and more slender but much
more woody than those of the allied Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Siebold & Zucca-
rini. In that Japanese species the inflorescence differs in its much longer peduncle.
The characters by which Pampanini distinguishes his Fagara Biondii do not
hold good in the material before us and we are unable to separate it from the
typical form of Zanthoxylum micranthum Hemsley. The inflorescence on our
specimens varies in diameter from 10 to 30 cm. and although the leaves ex-
hibit slight variations the species is extremely well-marked. Colloquially it is
known as the Tz'u-chin-shu. It is the only species of Zanthoxylum in central
and western China known to us which becomes a tree.

Zanthoxylum echinocarpum Hemsley in Ann. Bot. IX. 149 (1895).

Fagara echinocarpa Engler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abt.
IV. 118 (1896). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 422 (1900).

North-central Szech'uan: Pa Chou, cliffs in sandstone ravines,
alt. 600-1000 m., July 1910 (No. 4620; scandent bush 1-2 m. tall).
Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, October 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
4773). Yunnan: Mengtze, mountains, south-west, alt. 1600 m., A.
Henry (No. 10932). Western Hupeh: Ichang and immediate
neighbourhood, A. Henry (No. 3416'', type).

This is a remarkable species with a terminal and axillary racemose inflorescence
and one-seeded carpels densely clothed with long flattened, sparsely hairy spines.
It is not common and is confined to the warm temperate regions.

Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 106
(1886).

Fagara dissita Engler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abt. IV.
118 (1896). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 422 (1900). — Pampanini in
Num. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVIII. 125 (1911).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, glens, alt. 30-300 m., common, March
and September 1907 (Nos. 321, 2684; scandent shrub 2-4: m.); same
locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 148); same locahty, A. Henry
(Nos. 3121, 3325, 3713). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A.
Henry (No. 7 1Z7). Yunnan: Mengtze, mountains to the south-
east, alt. 1600-2000 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10429, 11437); Yuan-chiang,
alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (Nos. 13326, 13326'^).

This handsome species is common at low altitudes through western Hupeh and
eastern Szech'uan, especially in glens and gorges. It forms a large subscandent
bush and has persistent shining-green leaves. The number of leaflets is usually
from 2 to 4 pairs but varies from 1 to 5 pairs; the leaf-rhachis is usually armed
with hooked prickles. The seeds are very large and jet black. In the Yunnan
specimens the panicles are rather longer than in the northern form. A colloquial
name in Hupeh for this shrub is " San-peh-pang."

RUTACEAE. — EVODIA 129

Here may be added a note on a Chinese species not collected during the Arnold
Arboretum Expeditions.

Zanthoxylum multijugum Franchet, PI. Delavay. 124 (1889).
Zanthoxtjlum inultifoliolatum Hemsley in Hooker's Icon. XXVI. t. 2595
(1899).
Yunnan: Mengtze, woods and clififs, alt. 1500-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9998,
9998% 9998*^, 9998" ; large cHmber).

In describing this plant as a new species Hemsley apparently overlooked Fran-
chet's earlier description. With its long, narrow multifoliolate leaves this is a
most distinct species.

EVODIA Forst.

Sect. 1. Tetradium Engl.

Evodia glauca Miquel in Ann. Miis. Lugd.-Bat. III. 23 (18G7);
Prol Fl. Jap. 211 (1867). — Dode in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 703
(1908).

Evodia meliifolia Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 423 (non Bentham) (1900).
Evodia meliaefoUa Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 34, fig. 1-9 (non

Bentham) (1908). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII.

405 (1910). — Matsumura, hid. Fl. Jap. II. 290 (1912).
Evodia Fargesii Dode in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 704 (1908).

Kiangsi: Kiukiang, foot-hills, alt. 300 m., August 1, 1907 (Nos.
1583 (?, 1584 9; tree 6-10 m. tall, flowers white); Ruling, thickets,
alt. 1300 m., common, July 29, 1907 (No. 1585; bush 2.5-4 m. tall).
Western Hupeh : Changyang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1600
m., common, July and September 1907 (Nos. 253, 3579 9, fruit; tree
6-16 m. tall, girth 0.6-2 m.); Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1300
m., August and September 1907 (Nos. 247, fruit, 3579^ 9); Hsing-
shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1300 m., October 1907 (No. 381,
fruit; tree 5-12 m. tall); without precise locality, July and September
1901 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 1930 ^, 1930^^9, 2210 S, 2210% fruit); with-
out locality, A. Henry (No. 4577); " Ou-tan-scian," alt. 2090 m.,
August 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1218, fruit).

This is one of the commonest trees in the moist woodlands of western Hupeh.
It is of medium size with smooth bark, moderately thick spreading branches and
brittle wood. The much-branched corymbose inflorescence is somewhat rounded;
the main branches are usually subtended by leafy bracts. The species is very
closely allied to Evodia meliaefoUa Bentham, which is a subtropical tree with
loaves less glaucous on the underside, smaller flowers and glabrous pistillodes.
Dode states that his E. Fargesii differs from E. glauca Miquel, and E. meliaefoUa
Bentham, in its glabrous pistillodes, but we do not find this to be the case. We
have several of the specimens cited by Dode and in all the pistillodes are pilose
as they are in the typical E. glauca Miquel from Japan.

130 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

A colloquial name for E. glauca in Hupeh is " Ch'ou-la-shu " (stinking Ash
tree). It is hardy in England and promises to succeed in the Arnold Arboretum.

From the description we strongly suspect that E. sutchuenensis Dode also
belongs here.

Evodia officinalis Dode in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 703 (1908).

Evodia rutaecarpa Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVIII. 169
(non Jussieu) (1911).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets and
margins of woods, alt. 600-1100 m., July and October 1907 (No. 366;
bush 2-4 m. tall, flowers greenish-yellow) ; Changyang Hsien, thickets,
alt. 600-1100 m., July 1907 (No. 366^; bush 2-4 m. tall); Patung
Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m., September 1907 (No. 251; bush
3-5 m. tall); Changlo Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000 m., July 1905 (No.
3577; small bushy tree, 5 m., flowers greenish-white); without locality,
June and October 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1309) ; Ichang and imme-
diate neighbourhood, A. Henry (No. 1676); without locality, A.
Henry (Nos. 6199, 6569, 6136% 6199% 2077); "Monti di Fan-sien,"
alt. 300 m., August 1906, C. Silvestri (No. 3339). Western Sze-
ch'uan: Mt. Omei, E. Faher (No. 26).

In western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan this is a very common shrub in thickets
and along the margins of woods. The long narrow leaves with numerous remote
pairs of leaflets and the much more slender branches distinguish this species from
E. rutaecarpa Bentham.

Dode quotes from Pere Farges the name " houang pei chou " for this shrub.
This name signifies " yellow bark tree " and is very generally applied in central
and western China to Phellodendron chinense Schneider, and P. sachalinense Sargent,
the bark of which is greatly valued in Chinese medicine. We never heard in
China of the bark of Evodia officinalis Dode, having any officinal value, but the
fruit is used as a drug and the shrub is known as the Chu-yii, Wu-chu-yii and
La-tzu-shu.

Evodia Bodinieri Dode in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, s^r. 4, LV. 703
(1908).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, side of stream, alt. 600-
1000 m., December 1907 (No. 791, fruit; bush 2.5). Western
Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, roadside thickets, alt. 300-1000 m., Sep-
tember and November 1908, November 1910 (Nos. 3572, 9, fruit,
3573 > ^} 4568, fruit; bush 1-3 m. tall, flowers white, fragrant, fruit
reddish); Hungyah Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-1000 m., September 5,
1908 (No. 3573, S, bush 1-2 m. tall, flowers white).

In western Szech'uan this is a very common low-level shrub but in Hupeh it
is comparatively rare. Our specimens agree very well with Dode's short descrip-
tion which is based on a specimen from Kueichou province.

RUTACEAE. — EVODIA 131

Evodia Baberi Rehdcr & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 5-16-metralis, trunco 0.3-0.6 m. diam,, cortice laevi fusco-
cinereo lenticellis parvis oblongis horizontalibus notato; ramuli an-
notini glabri, purpureo-fusci, vetustiores fusci; gemmae nudae rufo-
pubescentes. Folia 1-4-juga, cum petiolo 15-35 cm. longa; foliola
breviter petiolulata petiolulo 2-5 mm. longo, eo folii terminalis 1-3
cm. longo, membranacea, oblongo-ovata v. oblongo-lanceolata, rarius
ovata V. elliptica, acuminata v. subito acuminata, basi rotundata
obliqua v. vix obliqua, terminale late cuneatum, integra v. minute
crenulata, 7-16 cm. longa et 3.5-7 cm. lata, supra glabra costa media
villosula excepta, saturate viridia, subtus pallide viridia, in planta
mascula glabra nervis sparsissime pilosis saepe fere glabris exceptis,
in planta feminea ad costam et nervos laterales pilosis et in facie
crebre punctata, nervis utrinsecus 10-15; petioli et rhaches sparse
breviter pilosa, purpurascentia, 3-8 cm. longa. Flores masculi albi,
pentameri, in paniculis pyramidalibus 9-12 cm. longis et 10-20 cm.
latis dispositi; rhachis et pedicelli breviter et satis dense fulvo-pilosula;
sepala patentia, ovata, acutiuscula, vix 1 mm. longa, ciliata; petala
erecta, oblonga, subacuta, leviter inflexa, 3-4 mm. longa, extus glabra,
intus villosa; stamina petalis fere duplo longiora, filamentis subulatis
infra medium pilosis, antheris ovalib'us, circiter 1 mm. longis; ovarium
abortivum apice dense villosum; flores feminei non visi. Fructus
rubescens, stellatus, 5 mm. altus et 10 mm. diam., tuberculatus ;
carpellis fertilibus plerumque 3-5 rarius 1-2 monospermis apice ob-
tusis; semina ovalia, 3-5 mm. longa, ventre applanata, nigr^, nitentia,
hilo albido.

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, woodlands, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
July and October 1908 (Nos. 1164, S, and fruit, type, 3570); Monkong
Ting, roadside thickets, alt. 2000-2600 m., June 19, 1908 (No. 3569,
^); Mt. Omei, September 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4772, fruit).

This is a very distinct species characterized by its large leaflets, pyramidal in-
florescence, pentamerous flowers, reddish, tuberculate, non-beaked fruit and 1-
seeded carpels. It is apparently most closely allied to E. sutchuenensis Dode,
which according to his description differs in the leaflets which are pale glaucous on
the underside with tufts of villose hairs in the axils of the principal veins, and in
the inflorescence which is furnished with small leafy bracts.

This new species is named for the late E. Colborne Baber, of the British Con-
sular Service in China, the first foreigner to make the ascent of Mount Wa and
Mount Omei, to whom science and literature are both indebted for a most graphic
and accurate description of these mountains and the adjacent regions.

Here may be added a note on three other Chinese species of this section, not
collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

132 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 59 (1861). — Miquel in Ann. Mus.
Lugd.-Bat. III. 22 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 210 (1867). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn.
Soc. XXIII. 104 (1886). — Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. Ill (1893). — Dode
in Bull. Soc. Bat. France, LV. 702 (1908). — Matsumura, Ind. Fl. Jap. II. 290
(1912).

Boymia rutaecarpa A. L. de Jussieu in Mem. Hist. Nat. Paris, XII. 507, t. 25,
fig. 39 (Mem. Rut. 124) (1825). — Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 50, t. 21
(1839).

Western Hupeh: without locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1972);
without locaHty, A. Henry (No. 1676).

As far as we know this is a very rare shrub in central China. We have omitted
all references to the Indian plant which has been referred to this plant, as we are
doubtful if it is really the same as E. rutaecarpa Bentham.

Evodia trichotoma Pierre, Fl. For. Cochin. IV. t. 287 (1891).
Tetradium trichotomum Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 91 (1790).
Ampacus trichotoma Kuntze, Rev. Gen. I. 98 (1891).
Evodia viridans Drake in Jour, de Bot. VI. 273 (1892). — Dode in Bidl. Soc.

Bot. France, ser. 4, LV. 706 (1908). — Guillaumin in Lecomte, Fl. Gen.

Indo-Chine, I. 634 (1911).

Yunnan : Mengtze, mountains south-west, alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 10951);
Szemao and vicinity, alt. 1300-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12137, 12137% 12237,
12237% 12237^).

Henry describes this plant as a bush or small tree from 2 to 6 m. tall, with
yellow flowers and reddish fruit. The leaves on all the specimens are densely
punctate on the under side.

Evodia rugosa Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 6-metralis (ex Henry); ramuli hornotini purpurascentes, dense breviter
ferrugineo-villosi, vetustiores fusci, glabri, lenticellati; gemmae nudae, dense ferru-
gineo-pubescentes. Folia 2-3-juga, cum petiolo 13-17 cm. longa; foliola brevis-
sime petiolulata, chartacea, ovato-oblonga v. oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, basi
late cuneata v. rotundata, obhqua, margine Integra, leviter revoluta, 4-9 cm.
longa et 2-3 cm. lata, supra saturate viridia, subnitentia, sparse pilis adpressis
obsita, leviter rugulosa et interdum leviter bullata, subtus pallidiora, ad costam
conspicue villosa et ad nervos laterales sparse villosula, ceterum glabra, obscure
punctulata, nervis utrinsecus 10-15 supra saepe impressis subtus elevatis; petioli
ut rhachis supra plani et dense villosuli, subtus glabrescentes. Flores non visi.
Fructus ruber, stellatus, 5-6 mm. altus et 8-10 mm. diam. in corymbis 2.5 cm. altis
et 4.5 cm. latis; rhachis et pedicelli dense breviter pilosula; carpella glabra, 3-5,
verruculosa et rugosa, apice rotundata, monosperma; semina ovalia, 4-5 mm.
longa, ventre applanata, atra, hilo albido notata.

Yunnan: Mengtze, forests to the north, alt. 2600 m., A. Henry (No. 10245).

A very distinct species not closely related to any species knowTi to us but per-
haps nearest to E. Baberi Rehder & Wilson. It is well distinguished by its rela-
tively small leaves, with narrow, more or less rugose subcoriaceous leaflets, its
small, crowded corymbs, and by its woody, non-beaked, glabrous fruit which is
strongly keeled near the base. Our material is somewhat meagre and in vigorous
specimens the dimensions of the leaves and inflorescence may very possibly ex-
ceed those given here.

RUTACEAE. — EVODIA 133

Sect. 2. OxYACTis Rehder & Wilson.

Zanthoxylum, sect. Oxyactis Bennett in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, X. 201 (1862).
Evodia, sect. Evodioceras Dode in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 706 (1908).

Evodia hupehensis Dode in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 707 (1908).

Evodia Daniellii Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 423 (pro parte, non Hemsley)
(1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVIII. 125 (1911).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1500
m., July, August and September 1907 (No. 387^, $ and fruit, 3574, $ ;
tree 6-12 m. tall, girth 0.3-1 m., flowers white) ; Changlo Hsien, woods,
alt. 1000-1500 m., June and July 1907 (Nos. 387^, $, 3576, in part, $ ;
tree 6-13 m. tall); Patung Hsien, moist woods, alt. 1000-1300 m.,
July 1907 (No. 3576, in part, $ ; tree 6-13 m. tall) ; Fang Hsien, woods,
alt. 1000-1600 m., July 1907 (No. 3576, in part, i ; tree 6-12 m. tall,
flowers white); Changyang Hsien, margins of woods, alt. 1300 m.,
June 1907 (No. 3575; tree 20 m. tall, girth 2 m., bark smooth, gray);
same locality, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2693, <?); Paokang Hsien,
woodlands, October 1901 (No. 2693% fruit); without locality, June
1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2415, $); without locality, A. Henry (No.
4482, fruit). Szech'uan: Nan-ch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1884).
Shensi: without locality, 1897, G. Giraldi; " Kusan," Hugh Scallan
(No. 75). " Mt. Miao-uan-san," 1899, Hugh Scallan.

This is a very common tree in the woodlands of western Hupeh where it grows
to a larger size than any other species. Like its allies it has smooth gray bark,
spreading branches and brittle wood, and is known colloquially as the Ch'ou-la-
shu (Stinking Ash tree). It is also called P'ao-la-tzu, a name signifying that its
fruit is worthless as a drug in contradistinction to that of E. officinalis Dode.

Dode describes the leaves as " subtus albido-glauca," but on our specimens they
are merely pale green or pallid on the under surface. Otherwise our material agrees
fairly with the short description. The leaflets are sometimes narrowed at the base
and have usually spreading hairs on the underside of the midrib and secondary
veins. The large flat or slightly rounded corymbs, the smaller flowers and the
axillary tufts of hair between the veins on the underside of the leaflets readily
distinguish this species from the closely allied E. Henryi Dode.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 583 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 216.

Evodia Henryi Dode in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 706 (1908).

Evodia Daniellii Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 423 (pro parte, non Hemsley)
(1900).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m., June
and September 1907 (No. 324, 9, fruit; small tree 5-6 m. tall, flowers

134 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

nearly white) ; same locality, June 1910 (No. 4628 9 ) ; without locahty,
June 1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 2183, $ , 2183% <?) ; without locality, A.
Henry (No. 6712, fruit). Shensi: " Houan-ton-san," Hugh Scallan;
Tai-pei-shan, 1910, W. Purdom.

This species is fairly common in north-western Hupeh as a small tree in moist
woods and thickets. It is easily recognized by its relatively small pyramidal
inflorescence, rather large male flowers, and by the aristate beak to the fruit.

Evodia Henryi, var. villicarpa Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliolis subtus punctulatis, inflorescentia ampliore,
fructifera ad 9 cm. longa et ad 12 cm. lata, fructibus villosis.

Western Szech'uan: west of Romi-chango, woods, alt. 2300-
3100 m., July 3, 1908 (No. 357i; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.).

This variety may be distinguished from the type by its densely punctulate
leaflets, larger inflorescence and more villose carpels. Possibly it is a distinct
species but our material which consists of branches with unripe fruit is too in-
complete. This variety is a tall and handsome tree and is quite common in the
region where it was found.

Evodia velutina Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 12-15-metralis, cortice laevi purpureo-fusco; ramuli horno-
tini dense fulvo-velutini, aimotini glabrescentes, fusci, lenticellis
parvis sparsis notati; gemmae nudae, dense fulvo-villosae. Folia 3-
5-juga, cum petiolo 16-26 cm. longa; fohola breviter petiolulata
petiolulo 2-3 mm. longo, oblongo-lanceolata, infima saepius minora,
ovato-oblonga, acuminata apice obtuse, basi plerumque rotundata
obhqua, terminale plerumque late cuneatum, minute crenulata, 6-10
cm. longa et 2.5-4 cm. lata, supra obscure luteo-viridia, subtus palli-
diora, supra sparsius, subtus in tota facie dense molliter villosa, supra
saepe demum fere glabra, nervis utrinque 9-12; petioli 4-7 cm. longi
ut rhachis dense velutini. Flores non visi. Inflorescentia fructifera
late paniculata, pedunculata, cum pedunculo circiter 2 cm. longo 9-
13 cm. longa et 9-18 cm. lata, undique dense velutina; fructus pur-
pureo-brunneus, villosus, 5 mm. altus et 6 mm. diam., carpellis 3-5,
erecto-patentibus oblique obovatis, apice truncatis et intus breviter
apiculata acumine circiter 0.5 mm. longo, leviter reticulatis minute
punctulatis villosis; semina in quovis loculo duo, inaequalia, super-
posita, ovalia, 2-2.5 mm. longa, atra, nitentia, hilo albo notata.

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-chuan Hsien, woods,
alt. 1600 m., October 1908 (No. 994).

This is a very distinct species remarkable for the soft velvety pubescence on
ths leaves and young branches and for the minute beak to the ripe capsule. It is

RUTACEAE. — ORIXA 135

perhaps most closely related to E. Henryi Dode, and more especially to the
variety villicarpa Rehder & Wilson. This variety has turbinate fruit but the
beak is long and rostrate, the leaflets are glabrous above and nearly glabrous below;
the branches are also nearly glabrous; the inflorescence is pyramidate.

Evodia velutina is apparently very local and is only known to us from one dis-
trict. It is in cultivation.

Here may be added notes on another species of this section and on a species of
the section Lepta, not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Evodia Daniellii Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXII. 104 (1886). — Dode in
Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 706 (1908).

Zanthoxylum Daniellii Bennett in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, X. 201, fig. 5 (1862).
Zanthoxylum Bretschneideri Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,
s6r. 3, XXIX. 73 (1884); in Mel. Biol. XI. 655 (1884). — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXIII. 105 (1886).

Shantung: Lau-shan, August 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 278); without locality,
September 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 262). Chili: mountains, Peking, E. Brel-
schneider. Korea: Ping-yang, September 18, 1905, J. G. Jack; Seoul, September
24, 1905, J. G. Jack; Seoul, cultivated in Mission grounds, September 1906,
U. Faurie (No. 468).

The specimens before us agree very well with Bennett's description and figure,
particularly the specimens from Seoul; the specimen from Ping-yang has some-
what broader and shorter leaflets sparingly hairy on both surfaces; that from
Shantung has only 5 rather large leaflets, while all the others have from 5 to 9
leaflets.

There can be no doubt that Z. Bretschneideri Maximowicz belongs here; we
have before us a specimen collected by Bretschneider on the mountains near
Peking, consisting of two branches. One of the branches has all the leaves 5-
foliolate and agrees in every respect even in the dull seeds which are immature
with Maximowicz's description; the other branch has 3-7-foUolate leaves and thus
approaches the typical E. Daniellii. The carpels contain one fully grown and
one abortive seed. Sometimes, however, in E. Daniellii both ovules develop into
seeds and this explains the differences emphasized by Maximowicz in his original
description. In 1890 (in Act. Hort. Petrop.XI.pt.I. 93) Maximowicz points out
again the differences between the two species, but makes no mention of the differ-
ence in the number of seeds; the specimen from Kansuhe refers there to Z. Daniellii,
which belongs probably to either Evodia hupehensis Dode or E. Henryi Dode,
both of which occur in Shensi.

Sect. 3. Lepta Engl.

Evodia simplicifolia Ridley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVIII. 306 (1908). —
Guillaumin in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine, I. 633, t. 24, fig. a. (1911).
Yunnan: Szemao, woods, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 12092^).

ORIXA Thunb.

Orixa japonica Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 61 (1784). — Pritzel in Bot.
Jahrb. XXIX. 423 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t.
34, fig. 18-25 (1908). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
XVIII. 170 (1911).

136 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Othera orixa Lamarck, Tab. Encycl. Meth. I. 310 (1791).

Ilex Orixa Sprengel, Syst. Veg. I. 496 (1825).

Celastrus Orixa Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Milnch. IV. pt. II. 150

{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 42) (1846).
Euodia ramiflora Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. n. ser. VI. 383 (1858-1859).
Celastrus japonica K. Koch, Dendr. I. 625 (1869).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 1000-1300 m.,
May 25 and November 1907 (No. 641; spreading bush 2.3 m. tall,
flowers yellow); without locaUty, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 102);
without locahty, A. Henry (Nos. 7773, 1985, 5247, 6475, 3887).
Korea: Quelpaert, thickets, 1908, 1909, Taquet (Nos. 618, 3112,
4149, 4616); same locality, October 1906, U. Faurie (No. 459).

This shrub is not uncommon on cliffs, in thickets, and on the margins of
thin woods in western Hupeh.

PHELLODENDRON Rupr.

Determined by C. S. Sakgent.

Phellodendron sachalinense Sargent, Trees and Shrubs, I. 199, t.
94 (1905).

Phellodendron amurense, var. sachalinense Ft. Schmidt in Mem. Acad. Sci.

St. Petersbourg, s6r. 7, XII. 120 {Fl. Saghalin.) (1868). — Pahbin in Act.

Hart. Petrop. XVII. 51 (Conspect. Fl. Koreae) (1899).
? Phellodendron amurense Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 73 (1875).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, alt. 1200 m., October 9 and 10,
1908 (No. 1286; tree 7-10 m. tall, 0.5-1 m. in diam.); same locality,
in open country, alt. 2000 m., October 1910 (No. 4217; small tree,
7-10 m. tall, 0.5-1 m. diam.).

Except in their slightly thicker leaflets and rather stouter branches of the
panicles of fruit, I am unable to distinguish these specimens from those of P.
sachalinense from central Hokkaido. The discovery of this tree in western China
is interesting, for previously it has been known only from Saghalin and northern
Japan.

Phellodendron chinense Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 126,
fig. 79 c-d (1907).

? Phellodendron japonicum Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 424 (non Maximo-
wicz) (1901).

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, alt. 1300-1700 m., October
1, 1907 (No. 161; tree 7 m. tall, 1 m. diam.).

RUTACEAE. — TODDALIA 137

This species resembles P. japonicum Maximowicz in the pale pubescence which
covers the lower surface of the leaflets, but is distinguishable from it by its larger
fruit on shorter and much stouter pedicels in narrow very compact panicles. The
type is Wilson's No. 1972 of the Veitch Expedition which I have not seen.

Phellodendron chinense, var. glabriusculum Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. II. 126 (1907).

Phellodendron sinense Dode in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, IN. 649 (1908).
Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1700
m., July 1897 (No. 3227 $, tree 3-10 m. tall, 3 dm.-l m. diam.);
Changyang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1300-1700 m., July 1907 (Nos.
3566, 3567 S; tree 10 m. tall, 1.3 m. diam.); without precise locahty,
A. Henry (No. 4603 9, in Herb. Gray). Western Szech'uan:
Wa-shan, alt. 1700 m. (No. 3228, $; tree 8 m. tall, 6 dm. diam.).

This variety of which Wilson collected only specimens of the staminate tree,
is distinguished by the less pubescent under surface of the leaflets which are often
nearly glabrous except along the midribs and veins.

The bark of P. chinense is used by the Chinese in medicine under the name of
huang-peh. A picture of a tree of the variety glabriusculum (No. 3228) will be
found under No. 350 of Wilson's collection of photographs and also in his Vegeta-
tion of Western China, No. 333.

A Phellodendron raised in Veitch's Nursery as Evodia sp. from seeds collected
by Wilson (No. 876, Veitch Exped.) at Changyang Hsien in western Hupeh, at
altitudes between 1500 and 2300 metres, and now growing in the Arnold Arbore-
tum, is probably an undescribed species, although the cultivated tree has not
yet flowered. I have not seen a Chinese specimen. The young branches are light
orange-brown and lustrous; the leaves are 9-11-foliolate, without hairs on the
margins, and are villose below along the midribs and veins with rather long white
hairs, the unusually slender veins being largely within the parenchyma.

TODDALIA Juss.
Toddalia asiatica Lamarck, Tab. Encycl Meth. 11. 116 (1793).

Paullinia asiatica Linnaeus, Spec. 365 (1753). — Osbeck, Dagbok Ostind.
Resa 248 (1757) ; Reise Ostind. 323 (1765) ; Voy. China East Ind. II. 9 (1771).

Toddalia nitida Lamarck, Tab. Encycl. Meth. II. 116, t. 139, fig. 1 (1793).

Toddalia aculeata Persoon, Syn. PI. I. 249 (1805). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk.
59 (1861). — Hemslev in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 108 (1886). — Franchet,
PI. Delavay. 125 (1889). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 424 (1900).—
Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 56 (Fl. Kwang-
tung & Hongkong) (1912).

Zanthoxylum nitidum Wallich, Cat. No. 1207 e China (nomen nudum) (non
De CandoUe) (1828).

Toddalia floribunda Wallich, PI. As. Rar. III. 17 (1832).

Xanthoxylon floribundum WaUich, PL As. Rar. III. t. 232 (1832).

138 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Limonia oligandra Dalzell in Hooker's Keto. Jour. Bot. II. 258 (1850).
Crantzia asiatica Kuntze, Rev. Gen. I. 99 (1891).
Crantzia nitida Kuntze, Rev. Gen. I. 99 (1891).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, glens, alt. 30-300 m., common, April
and July 1907 (No. 2683; semiscandent shrub, 2-6 m. tall); without
locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3496, 1306). Szech'uan: " Shan-tzu-
ping," A. von Rosthorn (No. 278). Yunnan : Mi-le district, A. Henry
(No. 9928); Szemao, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 9928*^); Mengtze,
alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 13650). Formosa: South Cape, A.
Henry. Hainan: without locality, C. Ford. Fokien: " Sin-kai-
kau," alt. 500 m., Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Herb. Bot. Gard.
Hongkong, No. 2433).

This thorny semiscandent shrub is common in the glens and gorges near Ichang
and also at low altitudes through Szech'uan. A colloquial name is " Pa-ta-
wang."

SKIMMIA Thunb.
Skimmia melanocarpa Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Limonia laureola Griffith, Posth. Pap. II. {Itin. Notes) 156, No. 783 (non De

Candolle) (1848).
Skimmia laureola Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s4r. 2, VIII. 211 (PI.

David. II. 29) (non Siebold & Zuccarini) (1886).
Skimmia japonica Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 424 (non Thunberg) (1900),

quoad specimen Mupinense.
Skimmia Fortunei Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 424 (non Masters) (1900).

Frutex 0.3-1 m. altus, ramosus (planta yunnanensis interdum ad
5 m. altus secundum cl. Henry); ramuli glabri, crassi, juniores pallida
flavo-virentes, vetustiores cinerei. Folia persistentia coriacea, sub-
verticillata, in apicibus ramulorum congesta, oblanceolata v. oblan-
ceolato-oblonga v. lanceolata, rarius anguste elliptica, acuminata v.
rarius acuta, basi cuneata, margine leviter recurva, 3.5-9 cm. longa
et 1.5-3 cm. lata, interdum ad 15 cm. longa et 4 cm. lata, glabra
costa media supra interdum minute villosula excepta, supra saturate
luteo-viridia, nitentia, subtus pallidiora, costa media supra leviter
subtus magis elevata, nervis obsoletis; petioli crassi, supra plani,
anguste alati, 5-7 mm. longi. Flores albidi, dioeci; panicula ter-
minalis sessilis, 2.5-3.5 cm. longa, minute puberula, ramulis in-
feriorioribus paucifloris, superioribus unifloris, bracteis bracteolisque
ovatis acutiusculis minute ciliolatis circiter 1 mm. longis instructa;
pedicelli crassiusculi, 3-8 mm. longi; sepala semiorbicularia v. late
ovata, obtusa, ciliolata; petala florum masculorum patentia, oblanceo-

RUTACEAE. — SKIMMIA 139

lato-oblonga, 5 mm. longa et circiter 2 mm. lata, ea florum femineorum
angustiora, magis erecta; stamina plerumque petalis subaequilonga,
filamentis subulatis glabris, antheris ovoidcis, in floribus femineis
sterilia, multo minora, ovarium subaequantia; ovarium globosum,
1.5-2 mm. longum; stylus glaber, circiter 1 mm. longus, stigmate
capitato; in floribus masculis pistillum abortivum, claviforme v.
subulatum, 2 mm. longum. Fructus purpureo-niger, globosus,
circiter 10 mm. diam. ; semina albida, subtrigona, 7 mm. longa.

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, woods, alt. 1600-2600 m., June
and October 1908 (No. 1054, type); Mupin, woods, alt. 2300-2600 m.,
June 1908 (No. 2597); south-east of Tachien-lu, forests, alt. 2600-
3000 m., September 1910 (No. 4129); west and near Wen-ch'uan
Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2300 m., June and October (No. 2595);
without locality, woods, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4064).
Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5608).
Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, on rocks beneath Silver Fir, alt.
2000-3000 m.. May 18, 1907 (No. 2596); without locality, A. Henry
(No. 6888). Yunnan: Yuanch'ang, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No.
13328); Mengtze, mountains south and east, forests, alt. 1600-2000
m., A. Henry (Nos. 10469, 11069); Feng-chen-lin, forests, alt. 2300
m., A. Henry (No. 11200). India: Sikkim, alt. 2300-3300 m., J.
D. Hooker (in Herb. Gray).

This species is a very common undershrub in the forests of western China,
more especially in rocky places where it thrives in dense shade. The black fruit
distinguishes it from all other species. As known to us this Skimmia is everywhere
a small shrub, rarely one metre tall, but Henry describes it in Yunnan as a bush
or small tree up to five metres tall. This statement agrees with that respecting
the Sikkim plant. The leaves of the Yunnan plant are larger than those of the
Szech'uan plant. In Nos. 4064, 2595, the leaves are narrow, long acuminate and
much narrowed to the base, and in No. 2595 the flowers are unusually large.

The existence in Sikkim of a Skimmia with black fruit has been known since
Griffith's time and that region would appear to constitute the western limit of
the range of this species.

Here may be added a note on another Chinese species not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Skimmia Fortunei Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, V. 520, fig. 9 (1889).
Skimmia japo?iica Lindley in Lindley & Paxton, Fl. Gard. II. 56, fig. 163
(non Thunberg) (1851-1852); in Gard. Chron. 1852, 183. — Fortune in
Gard. Chron. 1852, 739, 789. — Hooker in Bot. Mag. LXXIX. t. 719 (1853),
excludendis synon5'mis. — Englcr in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
III. Abt. 4, 181 (pro parte) (1897). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 424
(1900).

Western Szech'uan: Mount Omei, June and October 1904 (Veitch Exped.
No. 4956) ; same locality, Hugh Scallan.

140 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Although this plant is fairly common on Mt. Omei, we have not observed it
elsewhere in western China, but Rosthorn collected it near Nan-ch'uan. The one
flowering specimen before us has polygamo-dioecious flowers but in its general
appearance, pentamerous flowers and red fruit it agrees with the S. Fortunei
Masters, and we are disposed to doubt that the hermaphrodite character as
described for the type is constant in the species.

CLAUSENA Burm.

Clausena suffniticosa Wight & Arnott, Prodr.FZ. Ind. I. 96 (1834). —
Wallich, Cat. No. 8514 (1847).— Oliver in Jour. Linn. Soc. V.
Suppl 11. 33 (1861). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 506 (1875).—
Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 424 (1900).

Amyris suffruticosa Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 250 (1832).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-1000 m., June
and December 1907 (No. 755; bush 2-3 m., flowers greenish-yellow,
fruit black); Ichang and immediate neighbourhood, A. Henry (Nos.
3127, 4122).

This is a rather rare shrub found in glens and ravines at low altitudes. The
fruit is orange-yellow before fully ripe and is edible.

Here may be added a note on another Chinese species not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Clausena punctata Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Cookia 'punctata Sonnerat, Voy. Ind. Or. II. 231, t. 130 (1782); ed. 2, III.
258, t. 130 (1806). — Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. VIII. (1808).—
De CandoUe, Prodr. I. 537 (1824). — Regel in Gartenfl. IX. t. 290 (1860).

Quinaria lansium Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 272 (1790).

Cookia Wampi Blanco, Fl. Filip. 358 (1837).

Clausena Wampi Oliver in Jour. Linn. Soc. V. Suppl. II. 34 (1861). — Ben-
tham, Fl. Hongk. 50 (1861). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 565 (1875).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 110 (1886). — Dunn & Tutcher in
Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 56 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongkong). —
Guillaumin in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-chin. I. 664, fig. 70 (1912).

WesternSzech'uan: Lu Chou, cultivated near the Yangtsze River, May 1903
(Veitch Exped. No. 3374; small tree 4 m. tall). Formosa: Bankinsing, A.
Henry (No. 42). Kwangtung: Hainan, C. Ford.

This plant is sparingly cultivated as a fruit tree in the neighbourhood of the
Yangtsze River in the department of Lu Chou.

RUTACEAE. — CITRUS 141

CITRUS L.

Determined by Walter T. Swingle.

Citrus Medica Linnaeus, Spec. 782 (1753). — Risso in Nouv.
Duhamel, VII. 67, t. 22 (1816). — Risso & Poiteau, Hist. Nat.
Orang. t. 96-100 (1818-1822) .^

Citrus Tuberosa Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768).

C. Odorata Roussel, Fl. Calvados, 194 (1796).

C. Fragrans Salisbury, Prodr. 378 (1796).

C. cedra Link, Handh. Erkenn. Nutzb. Gew. II. 346 (1831).

C. Cedratum Herquet in Verh. Ver. Beford. Gartenb. VIII. 36 (1831).

C. cedratus Rafinesque, Sijlva Tell. HI (1838).

C. crassa Hasskarl, Cat. Hort. Bogor. 217 (1844).

Szech'uan: Sui Fu (Siichow Fu), cultivated, December 1908
(No. 4741, fruit in spirits with rough furrowed peel); same locality,
December 1908 (No. 4742, large, nearly spherical, smooth fruit in
spirits); Lu Chou, sparingly cultivated, December 1908 (No. 4738,
fruit in spirits).

Citrus Medica Linnaeus is the type of the genus Citrus and is the only species
that was known to the classical Greek and Latin writers. There can be no possi-
ble doubt that the citron is the Citrus Medica of Linnaeus.

The Chinese citrons are of several rather diverse sorts. All three of the num-
bers collected by Wilson are sparingly cultivated in western China. The dried
peel is used in Chinese medicine. The fruits of No. 4738 are elongate-obovate,
with an apical papilla, 9-10 X 4-4.5 cm., shghtly furrowed near the base. In the
absence of leaves it is difficult to be sure whether this specimen should be placed
under this species or not. It is just possible that this is the ancestral form from
which the following variety originated.

Citrus Medica, var. sarcodactylis Swingle, n. comb.

Citrus sarcodactylis Nooten, Fleurs Fruits Feuill. Java, No. 1, t. 3 (1863).
Citrus medica, subsp. genuina, var. Chhangura Bonavia apud Engler in Engler
& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abt. IV. 200 (1895). 2

^ The following Prelinnean names are referable to this species :

Malum citreum vidgare Ferrari, Hesperides, t. 59, 61, 63 (1646).
Cedro Volkamer, Nurnb. Hesperid. t. 114, 116", 120% 120'' (1708); Con-
tinuation der Nilrnb. Hesperid. t. 50, 57 (1714).
Citria mains Blackwell, Herb, emend. III. t. 361 (1760).

2 The following vernacular names belong to this variety: " Kou yiian," (Giles,
Chin. Diet. ed. 2, No. 6140) " Hsiang yiian " (Giles, 1. c, No. 4256) or " Fo shou
kan" (Giles, 1. c, No. 3589). — Wu Ch'i-chiin, Chih wu ming shih t'u k'ao, Bk.
31, fol. 24, 2 pi., also supplement Chang pien, Bk. 16, fol. 26-28 (1848). — Li Shih-
chen, Pen ts'ao kang mu, 1596 (see Bretschneider, Bat. Sin. I. 54), Bk. 30, fol. 13,

142 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Szech'uan: Sui Fu (Siichow Fu), cultivated, December
(No. 4739, " closed Buddha's hand ") ; same locality, December
1908 (No. 4740, "open Buddha's hand"). Yunnan: Mengtze,
Pan-ya-huan, March 21, A. Henry (No. 10445*; shrub 1 m. tall,
flowers dark pink on outside ; photograph and fragments of a specimen
from the National Herbarium, Washington, D. C).

The varietal names cheirocarpa and digitata are often credited to Loureiro {Fl.
Cochin. I. 465) but he used them merely incidentally in translating a native name
and not as specific or varietal names; they consequently have no standing in
nomenclature.

The fingered citron, or Buddha's hand is, according to Mr. Wilson's notes, cul-
tivated on a small scale in Szech'uan. The fruits are valued because of their
delicious odor and are also used in medicine. They are well known all over China
and Japan. Two forms, the one open the other closed, very similar if not iden-
tical with those collected by Mr. Wilson are figured by Bonavia under the name
Chhangura (six fingers). Possibly this variety originated in India and was carried
to China by the Buddhist monks. At any rate it seems to have been unknown
to the ancient Chinese, as Bretschneider states {Study and value of Chinese botanical
works, in Chinese Recorder, III. 178 [1870]) that it is not mentioned in Ki Han,
Nan-fang-t'sao-mu-chuang (or Flora of the Southern Regions), the earliest Chinese
work of a purely botanical character published about 300 A. D., although the Hsiang
ytian or common citron is described.

Henry's specimen (No. 10445^) shows that the ovary even before the flower
opens is broken up into fingers much as is the mature fruit.

Citrus nobilis Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. I. 266 (1790). — Hume in Bull.
Florida Agric. Exp. Sta. LXVI. 582, t. 1 (1903) ; Taylor in Yearb.
U. S. Dept. Agric. 1907, 311-313, t. 34 (1908).

Western Szech'uan: Lu Chou, December 1908 (No. 4734,
fruit in spirits).

This orange, which is depressed globose in shape and has a rough skin, is culti-
vated in the same regions as the Mandarin orange but not to the same extent.
The rind (Chi en-pi) and pithy fibre (Chu-lo) surrounding the carpels are used in
Chinese medicine according to Mr. Wilson's notes.

A careful study of Loureiro's descriptions of the species of Citrus found by him
during nearly half a century of residence in south-eastern Asia convinces me that
his Citrus nobilis must be the orange known in Florida and California as the ''King,"
which was imported into this country from Saigon, Cochinchina, in 1880. No
other known form of the so-called Mandarin group of oranges agrees even re-
motely with Loureiro's description. Even Loureiro's statement that the peel is
edible, " cortice crasso, succoso, dulci, eduli, tuberculoso-inaequali," so impossi-

figure in Atlas under leafy trees (Kuan mu), cited from 1655 ed. — T'u shu tsi
ch'eng, 1728 (see Bretschneider, 1. c, 71), Sect. 4. Science, Div. 20, Botany (Ts'ao
mu), Bk. 286, 1 pi., 10 pp., cited from large reprint. — Sasaki in Jour. Soc. Hort.
Jap. No. 151, December, p. 1-15, fig. 1-10 (1 plate) (1904).

" Chh&,ngura " or " Chdngurd," Bonavia, Cult. Orang. Lemons India, 66-71
Atlas, t. 139, 140 (1888).

RUTACEAE. — CITRUS 143

ble to reconcile with the ordinary Mandarin oranges, is supported by Mr. Taylor's
statement, " rind . . . possessing a distinctive aroma and flavor, agreeable to
most persons." Loureiro reported this orange as occurring abundantly in Cochin-
china and also in China, though he did not sec it in Canton. Mr. Wilson's excel-
lent alcoholic specimens are so like the King orange as to be indistinguishable from
this variety. This material is of great interest as it extends the range of this little-
known species well into western Szech'uan.

Citrus nobilis, var. deliciosa Swingle, n. comb.^

Citrus nobilis Andrews in Bot. Repos. IX. t. 608 (non Loureiro) (1809).

Citrus nobilis, a. major Ker in Bot. Reg. III. t. 211 (1817).

Citrus reticulata Blanco, Fl. Filip. 610 (1837).

Citrus deliciosa Tenore in Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. Neapol. [9] (1840).

Citrus madurensis Du Breuil in Risso & Poiteau, Hist. Cult. Orang. ed. 2, 49,

t. 29 bis (non Loureiro) (1872).
Citrus nobilis, subsp. genuina Tanaka in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XXVI. (204)

(1912).2

Western Hupeh: Ichang, cultivated alt. 40-300 m., May 1909
(No. 2228; tree 3-8 m., flowers white, fragrant); Western Szech'-
uan : Kiang-tsin Hsien, between Chungking and Lu Chou, December
1908 (No. 4732; fruit in spirits). Korea : Quelpaert Island, November
1906, U. Faurie (Nos. 479, 481, 482); February 15, 1911, Taquet
(No. 4531).

The so-called Mandarin orange said to have been introduced from China into
England in 1805 by Mr. Barrow and now grown in all the warmer parts of the
globe is undoubtedly a native Chinese species though probably improved by
selection through centuries of cultivation. Andrews mistakenly identified this
plant as the typical Citrus nobilis of Loureiro in spite of the fact that the plants
introduced by Mr. Barrow came from Canton where Loureiro did not find the
C. nobilis already familiar to him in Cochinchina. Tenore noting the wide
divergence of this plant from Loureiro's description considered it to be a distinct
species and named it C. deliciosa. It is probable that Blanco's C. reticulata is the
same thing but the application of this name is uncertain since Blanco's type speci-
men is lost.

It is still a matter of doubt whether the mandarin orange is merely a variety of
Citrus nobilis Lour, or a distinct species, as there are a number of other rather
diverse varieties such as the "tachibana," a wild, sour form from the Liukiu Islands,
and the Tangerine, a red-fruited, large-leaved form probably of Chinese origin,
now widely grown in warm cUmates. For the present it seems best to consider all

^ The following prelinnean name belongs heie:
Aurantium sinense Rumphius, Herb. Amb. II. 113, t. 34 (1741).

» Vernacular name: "Kan" (Giles, Chin. Diet. ed. 2, No. 5833). — Wu
Ch'i-chiin Chih wu ming shih t'u k'ao, Bk. 31, fol. 7 (1848). — T'u shi tsi ch'eng,
1728 (see Bretschneider, Bot. Sin. I. 71) Sect. 4, Science, Div. 20, Botany (Ts'ao
mu), Bk. 226, 50 pp. with 1 plate, cited from large reprint. — Li Shih-chcn, P^n
ts'ao kang mu, 1596 (see Bretschneider, 1. c, 54), Bk. 30, fol. 11-12, figure in Atlas
under leafy trees (Kuan mu), cited from 1655 ed.

144 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

of these as well as some at least of the Suntara, Keonla and Jambhiri oranges of
India (Bonavia, Cult. Orang. Lemons India, 44-62, Atlas, t. 114-138) as consti-
tuting subspecies or varieties of one very variable species. Better knowledge of
this complex group may resolve it into several closely allied species connected by
hybrid forms that have appeared in cultivation. Many, in fact most botanists
have considered this plant to be the typical Citrus nobilis Loureiro, but an atten-
tive reading of Loureiro's description will show that he had a quite different plant
in mind, doubtless some orange of the King type.

A picture of this tree will be found under Nos. 456 and 457 in the collection
of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 167.

Citrus grandis Osbeck, Dagbok Ostind. Resa, 98 (1757).^

Citrus Aurantium, y. grandis Linnaeus, S-pec. 783 (1753).

Citrus Aurantium, 7. decumana Linnaeus, Spec. ed. 2, 1101 (1763).

Citrus decumanus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, II. 508 (1767).

Aurantium decumana Miller, Card. Diet. ed. 8 (1768).

Citrus decumana Linnaeus, Syst. Veg. ed. 14, 697 (1784). — Poiteau, Pomol.
Frang. II. t. 344 (1846). — Nooten, Fleurs Fruits Feuill. Java, No. 4, t. 3
(1863). — Rissoin Nouv. Duhamel, VII. 107, t. 38, 42 (1816).

Citrus Pamplemos Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Merid. I. 412 (1826). — Risso
& Poiteau, Hist. Nat. Orang. t. 62, 63 (1818-1822) .2

Western Hupeh: Ichang, cultivated, alt. 40-300 m., May 1907
(No. 2229; tree 3-7 m. tall, fruit very bitter and dry); same locality,
December 1908 (No. 4743, fruit). Formosa: without locality,
cultivated, A. Henry (No. 318; glaucous form analogous to grape-
fruit of West Indies and America).

The oldest name for this species seems to be that published by Osbeck in 1757.
There are several well-marked varieties that may upon study be found to merit
subspecific rank. Osbeck based his species on a round-fruited form with a spongy
skin a finger thick from Java. He found both a round form (lo yao) and a long
form (hon yao) at Canton, both of which he referred to Citrus grandis.

Citrus ichangensis Swingle in Jour. Agric. Research, I. 1, fig. 1-7,
t. 1 (1913).

1 Prelinnean names of this species are:
Malus arantia, fructu rotunda maximo pallescente humanum caput excedente

Sloane, Voy. Jam., 41, t. 12, fig. 2, 3, 4 (1707).
Pompelmus Volkamer, Nilrnb. Hesperid. t. 190* (1708).

Limo decumanus sive Pompelmoes Rumphius, Herb. Amb. II. 96, t. 24, fig.
2 (1741).
» Vernacular name: "Yu," (Giles, Chin. Diet. ed. 2, No. 13408), Li Shih-chen,
Pen ts'ao kang mu, 1596: (see Bretschneider, Bot. Sin. I. 54), Bk. 30, fol. 12-13,
figure in Atlas under leafy trees (Kuan mu) (crude, leaves without petioles), cited
from 1655 ed. — Wu Ch'i-chtin, Chih wu ming shih t'u k'ao, Bk. 32, fol. 6-7, with
1 plate, also supplement Chang pien, Bk. 15, fol. 28-29 (1848). — T'u shu tsi
ch'eng, 1728) (see Bretschneider, Bot. Sin. I. 71), Sect. 4, Science, Div. 20, Botany
(Ts'ao mu), Bk. 230, 1 pi., 3 pp., cited from large reprint.

RUTACEAE. — CITRUS 145

Frutex v. arbor 1-10-metralis, plerumque 1-5-metralis; rami
juniores angulati, saepe spinosissimi, 2-4 mm. diam. Folia angusta,
6-13.5 cm. longa et 1.5-3.3 cm. lata, plerumque 8-11.5 cm. longa et
1-3 cm. lata; petioli late alati, laminam saepe aequantes v. superantes,
obovato-elliptici v. oblohgo-spathulati, ad basin abrupte attenuati,
apice regulariter rotundati v. truncati v. subcordati; laminae ovato-
acuminatae, plus minusve caudatae, apice leviter emarginatae, ad
basin regulariter rotundatae v. obtuso-cuneatae. Flores grandes, 20-
35 mm. diam., 5-meri, solitarii, axillares; pedicelli 3-5 mm. longi;
sepala crassa, subtriangularia, 3 mm. longa et lata, margine minute
ciliata; petala oblonga, 1.5-2 cm. longa et 0.5-0.8 cm. lata; stamina
20, polyadelphia, initio usque ad apicem cohaerentia, deinde in fas-
ciculos 3-5 discedentia, 0.8-1 cm. longa; stylus 3-4 mm. longus et
1.5 mm. crassus, stigmate 2-2.5 mm. longo et 3 mm. crasso; ovarium
3 mm. longum ac crassum. Fructus grandis, ovalis, 7-10 cm. longus
et 9-10 cm. diam., ad basin tuberculato-sulcatus, apice papilla magna
vix prominente sulco circulari plus minusve 25 mm. diam. circum-
data coronatus; cortex crassus, 7-9 mm. diam.; segmenta 8-11;
pulpavesicularis,acida; semina 40-70 inquoquefructu,pro genere gran-
dia, 15-20 mm. longa et 10-14 lata et 7-11 crassa, ovato-acuta, poly-
embryonica.

Western Hupeh: Pingshan-pa, in Ichang gorge, 10 kilometers
north-west of Ichang, cultivated, November 1907 (No. 4736, 4737,
fruit; Nanto, April 25, 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 202, flowers);
San-yu-tung glen, 10 li from entrance, cultivated, July 1907 (No.
2230^, fruit; bushy tree 5 m. tall, Liang-shan-kou, about 17
kilometers south-east of city of Hsing-shan, alt. 500-700 m., ravine,
May 7, 1907 (No. 2230, twig with flowers, type; bush 1-2 m. tall,
flowers white); Li-er-kou, 14 kilometers north-north-west of city of
Hsing-shan, alt. 1400 m., escaped from cultivation, roadside, May 15,
1907 (No. 2230*; bush or tree 1-5 m. tall, flowers white). Eastern
Szech'uan: Kweichou Fu, Feng-hsiang gorge, spontaneous, May
1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3307; 1 m. tall, flowers). Photographs
of 18 additional paratypic specimens in other herbaria are filed in the
herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum. These represent 9 collections
from 8 localities, 2 in Hupeh, 5 in Szech'uan and 1 in Kweichou
province.^

* They are listed in detail in the original description of the species, except the
following: eastern Szech'uan, Kweichou Fu, before December, 1887, Ernst Faber
(No. 316) in Herb. Kew.

146 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This very remarkable new species of which Mr. Wilson secured excellent mate-
rial is not closely related to any other member of the genus Citrus and is undoubt-
edly native in central and south-west China in the provinces of Hupeh, Szech'uan,
Kweichou and probably also in Yunnan. It grows farther north and at higher
altitudes than any other known species of Citrus.^

It is cultivated on a small scale around Ichang and yields a fruit which looks
somewhat like a large coarse lemon, with a thick skin and many large seeds, but
has an acid juice of good flavor. It is known to European residents of China as
the Ichang lemon and is shipped as far as Hankow, as Mr. Wilson informs me.
The type locality of this species is shown in Wilson's collection of photographs,
Nos. 025 and 032.

A variety of the species. Citrus ichangensis latipes Swingle (in Jour. Agric.
Research. I. 12 [1913]), occm-s wild in the Kiasi hills in Assam.

There may be added some notes on Chinese Citrus chiefly from eastern China,
not collected by Wilson.

Citrus Limonia Osbeck, Reise Ostind. China 250 (1765) .^

Citrus Medica, /3. Limon Linnaeus, Spec. 782 (1753).

Limon vulgaris Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768).

Citrus Limon Burmann, Fl. Ind. 173 (1768).

Citrus medica Plenck, Icon. 54, t. 579 (non Linnaeus) (1794). — Hayne, Getr.

Darst. Arzneik. Gew. XL 27, t. (1830). — Guimpel & Schlechtendal, Abbild.

Beschreib. Pharm. Boruss. Gew. I, t. 70 (1830).
Citrus Lima Aitchison, Encycl. Perthensis II. (before 1806); New and Comp.

Amer. Encycl. From the Encycl. Perthensis with improvements, New York

II. 578 (1806).
Citrus limonum Risso in Ann. Mus. Paris, XX. 201 (1813). — Berg & Schmidt,

Darst. Beschreib. Off. Gew. III. 31, t. (1861). — Bentley and Trimen, Med.

PI. I. 54, t. (1880).
Citrus limon Lunan, Hort. Jam. I. 451 (1814).
Citrus Limonium Risso in Nouv. Duhamel, VII. 77, t. 28 (1816).
Citrus Limonum sylvaticum Risso & Poiteau, Hist. Nat. Orang. 148, t. 70

(1819).
Citrus fusiformis Rafinesque, Sijlva Tell. 142 (1838).
Citrus granulata Rafinesque, Sylva Tell. 142 (1838).
Citrus communis Poiteau, Pomol. Frang. II. t. 274 (1846).
Citrus medica, var. Limonum Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 515 (1875).'

Yunnan: Mengtze, mountains, alt. 1445 m. [March 21], A. Henry, (No.
10445; shrub 1 m., cult.?)

The lemon, though closely related to the citron, differs from it in having the
blade of the leaf articulated with the linear margined or narrowly winged petiole
and a thin-rinded papillate fruit with a dehiscent style. The leaves of the lemon

^ Except Citrus trifoliata Linnaeus which is here considered to belong to a
distinct genus, Poncirus.

* The following PreUnnean names belong here:

Limon vulgaris Ferrari, Hesperides, 189, 193, t. (1646).
Limon vulgare, Volkamer, Numb. Hesperid. 154, t. (1708).

3 Vernacular name: "?Fo t'ao" (Giles, Chin. Diet. ed. 2, Nos. 3589, 10807,
Buddha's peach). — Wu Ch'i-chiin, Chi wu ming shih t'u k'ao, Bk. 31, fol. 55, t
(1848).

RUTACEAE. — CITRUS 147

are more pointed and less serrate than those of the citron, the twigs are more
slender, the flowers are smaller and in a number of other characters small but
clearly marked differences are found between the two plants.

The oldest available name for the lemon seems to be Citrus Umonia Osbeck,
dating from 1765. The original Swedish edition of Osbeck's travels, published in
1757 did not give this plant a Latin name (Dagbok ofiver en Ostindisk Resa, 192).
This Osbeck added to the German translation published 8 years later. The ap-
plication of the name is rendered obscure by faulty translation of the description
in the German, and still more in the English edition of 1774, but the Latin diag-
nostic phrase published in the original Swedish edition applies very well to the
lemon. The Cantonese name given as " na-m§,ng " in Swedish is incorrectly given
as " Na-mang " in German, which has a very different sound. Dr. Hing Kwei
Fung, a Cantonese graduate of the Agricultural School of Cornell University,
recognized the name given in Swedish as being the colloquial pronunciation of
the words " ning mong " in Cantonese meaning a lemon, which is still commonly
grown and sold in pots as in Osbeck's day. Osbeck evidently intended to include
in this species the common lemons such as he saw growing in Spain, though he did
not find them in China. According to Bretschneider (in Chinese Recorder, III. 179
[1870]) the book name of the lemon is " Hsiang t'ao," fragrant peach, the name
" ning meng " (Giles, Chin. Diet. ed. 2, Nos. 8332 and 7767, the same as "ning
mong" in Cantonese) not being found in the books.

Citrus Aurantiiun Linnaeus, Spec. 782 (1753). ^

Aurantium acre Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8, errata, (1768).

Citrus fusca Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. II. 467 (1790).

Citrus Medica Roussel, Fl. Calvados, 174 (non Linnaeus) (1796).

Citrus Florida Salisbury, Prodr. 378 (1796).

Citrus vulgaris Risso in Ann. Mus. Paris, XX. 190 (1813). — Berg & Schmidt,

Darst. Beschreib. Off. Gew. III. 31, t. (1861). — Bentley &Trimen, Med.

PI. I. 50, t. (1880).
Citrus Bigarradia Risso in Nouv. Duhamel, VII. 99 (1816).
Citrus Bigaradia Risso & Poiteau, Hist. Nat. Orang. 72, t. 30 (1818-22).
Citrus daidai Siebold in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. XII. 59 (Syn. PI. Oec. Jap.)

(nomen nudum) (1830).
Citrus amara Link, Handb. Erkenn. Nutzb. Gew. II. 346 (1831).
Citrus Aurantium, var. amara Kosteletzsky, Allgem,. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 2000

(1836).
Citrus Kama Rafinesque, Sylva Tell. 142 (1838).
Citrus communis Le Mout & Decaisne, Traite Gen. Bot. 318 (1868).
Citrus Aurantium, var. Bigaradia Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 515 (1875) .^

^ The following Prelinnean names are referable to this species:

Aurantium olysiponense Ferrari, Hesperid. t. 427, (1646).
Aranzo SilveslreYolksimeT, Niirnb. Hesperid. t. 188 (1708).
Aurantium Acidum Rumphius, Herb. Amb. II. Ill, t. 33 (1741).

» Vernacular names: ";Ch'eng " (Giles Chin. Diet. ed. 2, No. 774), Wu Chi-chun,
Chih wu ming shih t'u k'ao, Bk. 31, fol. 8, with 1 plate, also Chang pien, Bk. 17,
fol. 45 (1848). — Li Shih-chen, Pin ts'ao kang mu, 1596 {see Bretschneider, Bot.
Sin. I. 54), Bk. 30, fol. 12, figure in Atlas under leafy trees (Kuan mu), cited from
1655 ed. — Tu shutsich'eng, 1728 {see Bretschneider, 1. c, 71), Sect. 4, Science,
Div. 20, Botany (Ts'ao mu), Bk. 230, 15 fol., with 1 plate, cited from large reprint.

148 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Yunnan : Szemao Mts., alt. 1400 m., A. Henry (No. 11605; shrub 10 ft., white,
cult.?). Korea: Quelpaert Island, November 1910, Taquet (No. 4459; "fruit
aplati, decree rugeuse, mangeable, fruit tres acide ")•

The sour or Seville orange has a very close superficial resemblance to the sweet
or common orange, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, but is in reality a very distinct species
as noted in the discussion under the latter species.

Linnaeus named the sour orange Citrus Aurantium and distinguished the sweet
orange as Citrus Aurantium, /3. sinensis. Much confusion was brought about by
Loureiro, Risso and other botanists who followed them by calling the sweet orange
Citrus Aurantium and giving some other name to the sour orange. Hooker even
called the sour orange a variety of the sweet, thus exactly reversing the usage of
Linnaeus. Loureiro is apparently the first writer to misapply Citrus Aurantium
to the sweet orange. His Citrus fusca seems to have been intended for the sour
orange, though very few botanists have been able to grasp his meaning, to judge
from the variety of unrelated species that they have classed under this name.

There is much confusion as to the apphcation of the three principal Chinese
names of oranges — Ch'eng, Chii and Kan. Fortunately, we have the direct and
competent testimony of Osbeck {Dagbok Ostind. Resa, 192) that the sour orange
is called Chang (Tjang in Swedish) in Canton, although he says the common tight-
skinned sweet orange is sometimes called by the same name. This name is with-
out any doubt the Ch'eng of Mandarin Chinese. Kan refers to the loose-skinned
or mandarin type of oranges, so by a process of exclusion the name Chii should
apply to the tight-skinned sweet orange. This would give three Chinese names,
each written as a single ancient character, for the three species of oranges culti-
vated in China.

Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Dagbok Ostind. Resa, 41 (nomen nudum) (1775);
Reise Ostind. China, 250 (1765) .^

Citrus Aurantium, /3. sinensis Linnaeus, Spec. 782 (1753).
Aurantium sinense Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768).
Citrus Aurantium Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. II. 466 (non Linnaeus) (1790).
Citrus Aurantium vulgare Risso & Poiteau, Hist. Nat. Orang. 33, t. 3 (1818-22).
Citrus Aurantium dulce Hayne, Getr. Darst. Beschreib. Arzneyk. Gew. XL t.
28 (1830) .2

Formosa: Bankinsing, A. Henry (No. 150; truly wild in the mountains).
Korea: Quelpaert Island, November 1906,1/. Faurie (No. 480); October 1910,
Taquet (No. 4458; " fruit gros, allong6, ecorce epaisse, tres rugeuse, pulpe acide ").

The common sweet orange, often confounded with the sour or Seville orange,
is in fact quite distinct from the latter. The fruits of the sweet orange have a
sohd core, never becoming hollow like that of the sour orange; the petioles are

^ To this species belongs the following Prelinnean name:
Aramo dolce Volkamer, Niirnb. Hesperid, t.l88 b (1708).

2 Vernacular names: " Chii " (Giles, Chin. Diet. ed. 2, No. 3026). — Wu Ch'i-
chiin, Chih wu ming shih t'u k'ao, Bk. 32, fol. 5, with 1 plate; also Chang p'ien, Bk.
15, fol. 18-21 (1848). — Li Shih-chen, Pen ts'ao kang mu, 1596 (see Bretschneider,
Bot. Sin. I. 54), Bk. 30, fol. 9-11, figure in Atlas under leafy trees (Kuan mu) cited
from 1655 ed. — T'u shu tsi ch'eng, 1728 (see Bretschneider, 1. c, 71), Sect. 4, Sci-
ence, Div. 20, Botany (Ts'ao mu), Bk. 228, 3 pp. with 1 plate cited from large
reprint.

? " Ch'eng," see entries under Citrus Aurantium.

RUTACEAE. — PONCIRUS 149

narrowly winged in the sweet and broadly winged in the sour orange; the leaves
and flowers of the two species have a very distinct odor. The two species show
decided differences in their soil requirements and in their susceptibility to the at-
tacks of fungous diseases. Many other minute but constant divergences are shown
between these two oranges in all their organs. These two plants, then, super-
ficially so similar are in reality very unlike and should by no means be united as
varieties of one species.

The earliest available name for the sweet orange as a species distinct from the
sour orange is Citrus sinensis Osbeck. Osbeck in the German edition of his Voyage
applies the name to both the mandarin orange and the tight-skinned or common
orange, but expressly excludes the sour orange. He had previously in the Swedish
edition of his work called the sweet orange seen in Spain Citrus sinensis and the sour
orange Citrus Aurantiitm, but in an incidental way, probably not establishing the
name though referring to it clearly enough to make it plain that of the two forms
included in Citrus sinensis in 1765 the type must be held to be the common orange
grown in Spain and China both, and not the mandarin orange. There is no war-
rant for using Citrus Aurantiutn Linnsieus for the sweet orange, as Loureiro, Risso,
Hooker and many other authors have done.

All of the commonly cultivated species of Citrus, with the exception of the lime
(Citrus aurantifolia (Christman) Swingle, see Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. III.
463-465 [1913]), seem to be native in China and many are found nowhere else.
In addition to the species listed above, there are a number of puzzling forms col-
lected by Wilson and others which do not seem to fit into any of the species of
Citrus known as yet. Some of the specimens may represent hybrids but until
more complete material is at hand it will be impossible to place them with any
degree of certainty.

PONCIRUS Raf.
Determined by Walter T. Swingle.

Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque, Sylva Tell. 143 (1838).^

Citrus trifoliata liinnaena, Spec. ed. 2, 1101 (1763). — • Hooker f. in Bat. Mag.

CVI. t. 6513 (1880). — Engler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III.

Abt. IV. 196, fig. 114 (1896).
Citrus trifolia Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 294 (1784).
Aegle (?) sepiaria De CandoUe, Prodr. I. 538 (1824). — Penzig in Ann. di

Agricoltura (2), No. 116, p. 132-149, t. 11, 13, 14 (Studii Bot. Agrumi)

(1887). — Nicholson in Card. Chron. ser. 3, XXVII. 269 (1900); in Flora &

Sylva, III. 65 (1905).
Pseudaegle sepiaria Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 83 (1845).
Citrus triptera Carrifere in Rev. Hort. 1869, 15, fig. 2 (non Desfontaines). — Du

Breuil in Risso & Poiteau, Hist. Nat. Orang. ed. 2, 145, t. 195 bis (1872).
Limonia trichocarpa Hance in Jour. Bot. XV. 258 (1882) .^

^ The following Prelinnean name belongs here :

Ssi, vulgo Karatats hanna, aliis Gees, Kaempfer, Amoen. 801, t. (1712).

2 Vernacular name: " Kou chii " (Giles, Chin. Diet. ed. 2, No. 6140), Li Shih-
chen, Pen ts'ao kang mu, 1596 (see Bretschneidcr, Bot. Sin. I. 54), Bk. 36, fol.
5-7, figure in Atlas under leafy trees (Kuan mu), very crude, cited from 1655 ed.
— Wang Ch'i, San ts'ao Vu hui, 1607 (see Bretschneidcr, 1, c, 183), Bk. 84, fol. 4,

150 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Hupeh: Ichang, hedgerows, alt. 1-300 m., May 1907
(No. 2231; tree, 6 m. tall). Shensi: Tai-pei-shan, 1910, W. Purdom.
Korea: Quelpaert Island, October 1906, U. Faurie (No. 483); April
16, 1908, Taquet (No. 4617); April 1909, Taquet (No. 2715).

This tree is undoubtedly indigenous in northern China and occurs wild or culti-
vated over a large part of the Empire. The fruits are used in medicine, and the
tree as a stock upon which to graft forms of Citrus. It is called Kou chii.

In Japan the Chinese character pronounced Chih (Giles, Chin. Diet. ed. 2, No.
1864), in China is applied to this species and pronounced " Karatachi." This
character, rarely used alone in Chinese, is usually in combination, as Chih shih
(Chih fruit) and Chih K'o (Chih peel), two common drugs. It is, however, by
no means certain that these drugs are yielded by Poncirus trijoliata. Further
study will be needed to determine the application of these names in China. It
is possible that the Chih fruit and Chih peel are produced by two or more differ-
ent species of citrous fruits, among them perhaps Poncirus trijoliata.'^ This species
was introduced into Japan many centuries ago but is not native there.

This tree which is commonly called Citrus trijoliata (less often Aegle sepiaria)
differs from Citrus in so many and such important characters that it seems prefer-
able to consider it as belonging to a distinct genus. The deciduous leaves are tri-
foliate, the flower buds form in early summer and being protected by bud scales
pass the winter in a dormant condition. The flowers open in early spring, being
almost sessile and borne on old wood. The corolla opens nearly flat and the petals
are narrowed to a claw at the base; the stamens are entirely free; the ovary is 6-8
(usually 7) celled; the fruits are densely and finely pubescent; the pulp vesicles
have hairlike appendages with expanded tips bearing enlarged pitted thick-walled
cells, which secrete a viscous fluid. The pith has transverse plates of thick-walled
cells. The stomata of the green twigs are located at the bottom of deep narrow
pits. The seedlings have a number of small, linear spirally arranged cataphylls
which gradually merge into normal leaves.^

fig. (crude), cited from Japanese ed. Osaka, 1713. — T'u shu tsi ch'eng, 1728
(see Bretschneider, 1. c, 71) Sect. 4, Science, Div. 20, Botany (Ts'ao mu), Bk. 302,
3 pp. with 1 plate, cited from large reprint. — Wu Ch'i-chtin, Chih wu tning shih
t'u k'ao (see Bretschneider, 1. c, 72), Bk. 35, fol. 61, plate, good fig., also supplements,
Ch'ang Pien, Bk. 22, fol. 57 (1848).

^ There is a sterile specimen from which the blades of all the leaves have fallen
leaving the rather widely winged petioles attached, that is labeled, apparently in
Henry's handwriting:

" Weucheo (Chi-K'o). Fruit used by Chinese medicinally (only)."
This specimen though too defective to determine is certainly not Poncirus tri-
foliata but a true Citrus. Wilson's No. 4733, small, thick, rough-skinned fruits in
spirits collected at Hokiang Hsien in Szech'uan still have a few leaves attached
which show elongate obovate petioles 17 X 8.5 mm., and may possibly belong
here. It is impossible to decide without better material.

2 These differences were noted by Penzig in his Studii botanici sugli Agrumi,
but as he erroneously considered the tree to belong to Aegle he did not deem it
necessary to justify its separation from Citrus. See also Swingle, The Limitation
of the Satsuma Orange to Trifoliate-Orange Stock (in Circular Bur. PI. Indust.
U. S. Dept. Agric. XLVI. 10, fig. 1-6, t. 1 [1909]), and Variation in First Genera-
tion Hybrids, etc., in Comptes rendus et rapports. 4 conference international de
G6netique d Paris, 1911, p. 382 (1913).

RUTACEAE. ^ PONCIRUS 151

In view of these numerous and, from a taxonomic point of view, important
points of difference, there can be no doubt but that the trifoHate orange must be
removed from the genus Citrus. The oldest name for it seems to be the Poncirus
of Rafinesque.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 0360 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

SIMARUBACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.
PICRASMA Blume.

Picrasma quassioides Bennett, PL Jav. Rar. 198 (1844). — Plan-
chon in Lond. Jour. Bot. V. 573 (1846).— Wallich, Cat. No. 8506
(1847). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 61 (1861). — A. W. Bennett in Hooker
f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 520 (1875). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.
112 (1886). — Franchet, PL Delavay. 125 (1889). — Sargent in Gar-
den & Forest, VI. 112 (1893). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. ItaL
n. ser. XVII. 407 (1910).— Dunn & Tutcher in Kew BulL Misc.
Inform, add. ser. X. 57 {Fl. Kwangtung & Hongkong) (1912).

Simaba quassioides D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 248 (1825).

Nima quassioides Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 248 (quasi synon.)

(1825).
Rhus ailanthoides Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Ac2d. Sci. St. Petersbourg, II. 89

{Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 15) (1833).
Picrasma ailanthoides Planchon in Lond. Jour. Bot. V. 573 (1846). — Shira-

sawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 90, t. 53 (1900). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX.

425 (1900). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 129, fig. 82 f-m.,

83a (1907).
Picrasma japonica Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. n. ser. VI. 383 (1858-59). —

Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. s6r. 5, V. 210 (1866).
Picrasma quassioides, var. glabrescens Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. ItaL

n. ser. XVIII. 171 (1911).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July 30, 1907 (No. 1671;
bush 2-2.5 m.). Western Hupeh : north and south of Ichang,
thickets and margins of woods, alt. 300-1000 m.. May and July 1907
(No. 3223 ; slender tree 3-6 m. tall) ; Patung Hsien, woodlands, June
1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 903); without locahty, April 1901, May
1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 1823, 1965); without locahty, A. Henry
(Nos. 7570, 7570"^); "Monte Triora," July 1907, C. Silvestri (No.
1239). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, June 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1062); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5534, 5534% 5649).
Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1300 m., May and
September 1908 (No. 3223; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1 m., jBowers yellow,

152

SIMARUBACEAE. — AILANTHUS 153

fruit black); wathout precise locality, in a ravine, alt. 1000 m.. May
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3361); " Chin-li-wan," A. von Rosthorn
(No. 454). Shensi: " Kin-qua-san " and " Lao-y-san," July and
September 1897, G. Giraldi; northwest of Han-chang Hsien, Mou-
tan-shan, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 362) ; Tai-pei-shan, 1910, W. Purdom.
North central China: " Fou-sian-fu," Hugh Scallan. Shan-
tung: Lau-shan, August 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 312); Tsingtau,
1901, Zmmerman (No. 361). Korea: Quelpaert, thickets, August
1910, Taquet (No. 4090); same locaHty, June 1907, U. Faurie (No.
1608).

This small tree is common all through central and western China up to an alti-
tude of 1300 m. It is colloquially known as the " Ku-lien-shu " and the bark is
highly esteemed as a drug. This tree has a very extensive geographical range,
and although it varies slightly in degree of pubescence it is otherwise remarkably
constant in its characters.

AILANTHUS, Desf.

Ailanthus cacodendron, Schinz & Thellung apud Thellung in Mem.
Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, XXXVIH. 637, 679 (Fl. Adv. Montpellier)
(1912).

Rhus cacodendron Ehrhart in Hannov. Mag. 1783, 227; in Beitr. Naturk. II.

lll;iIII. 20 (1788).
Ailanthus glandulosa Desfontaines in Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1786, 265, t. 8. —

L'Heritier, Stirp. Nov. 179, t. 84 (1791). — Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad.

Sci. St. Petersbourg, II. 89 {Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 15) (1833). — Debeaux

in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXXIII. 38 {Fl. Tien-tsin, 15) (1879).—

Baker & Moore in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVII. 380 (1880). — Franchet in Nouv.

Arch. Mus. Paris, s6r. 2, V. 220 {PI. David. I. 68) (1883). — Hemsley in

Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIII. 112 (1886).
Ailanthus procera Salisbury, Prodr. 171 (1796).
Pongelion glandulosum Pierre, Fl. For. Cochin. IV. in textu ad t. 294 (1891).

Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor. Fokien:
without precise locality, Dunn's Exped., April to June, 1905 {Herb.
Bot. Gard. Hongkong, No. 2460). Shantung: Tsingtau, 1901, Zi7n-
merman (No. 374).

The type which has relatively small fruit is apparently confined to northern
and eastern China where it is often planted.

Ailanthus cacodendron, var. sutchuenensis Rehder & Wilson, n.
comb.

1 This is an exact reprint of the original publication in Hannov. Mag.

154 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Ailanthus glandulosa Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 425 (non Desfontaines)

(1900).
Ailanthus sutchuenensis Dode in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1907, 192, fig. a;

in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. VI. 8 (1909).
Ailanthus glandulosa, var. sutchuenensis Rehder in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges.

XXI. 187 (1912).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, common up to 800 m. alt., June and
September 1907 (No. 2034; tree 13-25 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); same
locality, May and October 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 663); without
locality, A. Henry (No. 3886).

The more shining and glabrous shoots and larger fruit distinguish this variety
from the type; the leaves, too, are less ciHate on the margins, but this character
varies. This tree is common in the neighborhood of Ichang where it is known as
the " Ch'ao ch'un shu " (stinking Cedrela tree).

Ailanthus Vilmoriniana Dode in Rev. Hort. 1904, 444, fig. 184; in
Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1907, 190, fig. c.

Ailanthus glandulosa, var. spinosa VHmorin & Bois, Frut. Vilmorin. 31, fig. (1904)

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, roadsides, alt. 1000-1100 m.,
May, July and September 1907 (No. 388; tree 6-16 m. tall).

This tree is common in the dry, warm river-valleys of Szech'uan and less so in
western Hupeh. Usually it is a tree of moderate size, but specimens forty metres
tall occur occasionally. The spiny shoots and petioles is a juvenile character and
disappears when the trees attain maturity. The pubescent leaves and larger fruit
distinguish this species from A. cacodendron, Schinz & TheUung. In Fang Hsien
this tree is sometimes planted and the leaves employed for feeding the Hawk-moth
{Attacus cynthia) which produces a kind of silk.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 048 and 0128 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs.

BURSERACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

CANARIUM, L.

Canarium album Raeuschel, Norn. Bot. ed. 3, 287 (1797). — De
Candolle, Prodr. II. 80 (1825). — Hance in Jour. Bot. IX. 39 (1871).
— Bretschneider, Early Res. 95 (1881). — Engler in De Candolle,
Monog. Phaner. IV. 149 (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.
113 (1886). —Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser.
X. 57 {Fl. Kwangtung& Hongkong) (1912).

Pimela alba Loureiro, Fl Cochin. 408 (1790).

Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, cultivated, alt. 350 m., June
1908 (No. 3816; tree 16 m. tall, girth 2 m., cultivated, but not com-
mon) ; near Lu Chou, banks of Yangtsze River, cultivated in orchards,
June 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3375). Fokien : Ku-shan, cultivated,
Dunn's Exped., April to June [1905 (Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong,
No. 2461).

This Chinese fruit tree is sparingly cultivated in the warmer parts of western
Szech'uan. The largest orchards we have seen are in the department of Lu Chou.

The smooth, oval fruit of this tree singularly resembles a large olive, hence the
name " Chinese olive " applied to it by foreigners. The fruit is gathered when
full grown but still green and is kept in shallow vessels of salted or "fresh water
until required. It is esteemed as a relish before meals and as an aid to digestion
afterwards. It is also employed medicinally. The fruit is also dried and salted
or candied, and is also preserved in syrup and used as a sweetmeat.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 437 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 144.

156

MELIACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

CEDRELA L.

Cedrela sinensis A. L. de Jussieu in Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris,
XIX. 255, 294 (1830).— Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 114
(1886). — Andr^ in Rev. Hort. 1891, 573, %. 150, 151, 152.—
Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 35, fig. 1-13 (1908). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 58 {Fl. Kwangtung and
Hongkong) (1912).

Toona sinensis Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. I. 139 (1846). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb.

XXIX. 425 (1900). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 131 fig. 83 b,

84 1-q (1907).
Ailanthus flavescens CarriSre in Rev. Hort. 1865, 366.
Cedrela chinensis Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s^r. 2, V. 220 {PI.

David. I. 68) (1883).
Toona sinensis, var. grandis Pampanini in Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII.

171 (1911).

Kiangsi: Kiukiang Plain, often cultivated, alt. 100 m., August
2, 1907 (No. 1543; tree 13 m. tall, bark grey, fissured; young shoots
eaten). Western Hupeh: north and south of lehang, wild and
cultivated, alt. 30-1500 m., June and September 1907 (No. 585; tree
6-20 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.5 m., flowers white; shoots eaten); without
locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. 2708); without locality, A. Henry
(No. 3657). Western Szech'uan: near Monkong Ting, roadside,
alt. 2300 m., June 29, 1908 (No. 585''; tree 15 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.,
flowers white in long pendulous panicles). Yunnan: Mengtze, alt.
1800 m., A. Henry (No. 11131). Hongkong: without precise local-
ity, C. Ford. Korea: around Chinnampo, September 1, 1906, U.
Faurie (No. 469).

This is a very common tree in central and western China, especially in
western Hupeh, up to 1500 m. alt. It is often eultivated and the young shoots are
esteemed as a vegetable. To facilitate the gathering of the shoots the trees are
kept dwarf and stunted. In the woods it is a tree from 20 to 25 m. tall, with a
straight trunk clean of branches for two-thirds its height, and with relatively

156

MELIACEAE. — MELIA 157

slender branches forming a narrow head. The bark is grey and fissured into thin,
narrow and irregular, longitudinal plates. The leaves and inflorescence are some-
times nearly a metre long but the size varies greatly as does also that of the leaflets
and the degree of pubescence on the shoots, branches of the inflorescence, and on
the pedicels. The characters on which Pampanini (1. c.) founded his \anety grandis
are inconstant as specimens before us show.

This Cedrela is one of the most valuable timber trees in China. The wood is
beautifully marked with rich red bands on a yellowish brown ground; it is easily
worked and very durable and takes a good polish. It is used for window frames,
door joists, furniture making and in high grade carpentry generally. By foreigners
resident in China it is called "Chinese Mahogany," on account of its color and
durability. Colloquially the tree is known as the " Ch'uen-tien shu."

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 536, 628, 679, 689, 013 and 076 of
the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China,
Nos. 152-155.

Cedrela microcarpa A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 745 (1878). —
Brandis, Ind. Trees, 146 (1906).

Western Hupeh: southwest of Ichang, in a ravine, alt. 300 m.,
rare, June and November 1907 (No. 626, in part; tree 6-10 m. tall,
girth 1-2 m.)' Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt. 600 m., June 1907 (No.
626, in part; tree 13 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.).

This interesting addition to the Chinese flora is a very rare tree, as far as our
knowledge goes, occurring in sheltered ravines up to 800 m. alt. It does not grow
very tall and has thick wide-spreading branches; the bark is dark grey, fissured
and very firm. The largest leaflets on our specimens are 21 cm. long and 10 cm. wide;
the capsule is from 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long and covered with large lenticels. When
young the shoots, rhachis of the inflorescence and the leaf-rhachis are clothed
with a very short velvety pubescence.

The young shoots of this tree are not eaten by the Chinese and it is too rare to
be of value as a timber tree.

A picture of this tree will be found under Nos. 489 and 0119 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 151.

MELIA L.

Melia Azedarach Linnaeus, Spec. I. 384 (1753). — Thunberg, Fl
Jap. 180 (1784).— Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. I. 269 (1790). — Sims in
Bot. Mag. XXVII. t. 1066 (1808). — Hiern in Hooker f., Fl. Brit.
Ind. I. 544 (1875). — Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXX.
74 {Fl. Shangh. 22) (1875). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Paris, s6t. 2, V. 220 (PI. David. I. 68) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXIII. 113 (1886). — Diels in Bot. Johrh. XXIX. 426
(1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 125
(1911). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X.
58 {Fl. Kwangtung& Hongkong) (1912).

158 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Melia Azedarach, /3. sempervirens Linnaeus, Spec. I. 385 (1783).

Melia sempervirens Swartz, Nov. Gen. Sp. Prodr. 67 (1788). — Ker in Bot.

Reg. VIII. 643 (1822).
Melia florida Salisbury, Prodr. 317 (1796).
Melia samhucina Blume, Bijdr. 162 (1825).
Melia australis Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 85 (1830).
Melia japonica G. Don, Gen. Syst. I. 680 (1831). — Maximowicz in Act. Hort.

Petrop. XI. 96 (1890). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 35, fig. 14-

26 (1908).
Melia biikaijun Royle, III. Bot. Himal. 144 (1839).
Melia Commelinii Medicus ex Steudel, Nomencl. Bot. II. 118 (quasi synon.)

(1841).
Melia cochinchinensis Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 95 (1846).
Melia orientalis Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 95 (1846).
Melia Toosendan Siebold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. III. 159

(Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 51) (1846).
Melia composita Bentham, Fl. Austral. I. 380 (non De CandoUe) (1863).
Melia chinensis Siebold ex Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 23 (quasi

synon.) (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 211 (1867).
Melia Azedarach, var. subtripinnata Miquel in Ann. MtLS. Lugd.-Bat. III. 24

(1867); ProZ. FZ. Jap. 212 (1867).
Azedarach sempervirens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. I. 109 (1891).
Melia japonica, var. semperflorens Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVIII. 67

(1904).

Western Hupeh: Ichang and neighborhood, alt. 30-300 m.,
April, May and October 1907 (No. 3267; tree 3-12 m. tall, girth 0.6-
2 m., bark grey, fissured, flowers lilac, fruit white); without precise
locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3882, 7620). Szech'uan: without precise
locality, E. Fdber (No. 572). Yunnan: Chu-yuan, A. Henry (No.
10864); Szemao, forests, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 12,889).
Shensi: Han-chung Hsien, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 321). North-
central China: " Lao-y-san," Hugh Scallan. Formosa: South
Cape, A. Henry (Nos. 690, 1281); Avithout locality, G. M. Playfair
(No. 297). Korea: Quelpaert, June 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1607);
same locality, May 1908, October 1909, Taquet (Nos. 598, 2700).

This tree, now so widely spread in the warm-temperate and sub-tropical parts
of the world is without doubt indigenous to central and western China where it is
very common up to 800 m. altitude. A colloquial name for it in Hupeh and Sze-
ch'uan is " Lien shu " or " Ch'uan-lien shu," and the fruit is occasionally em-
ployed as a drug.

The different specimens before us exhibit the characters on which various
authors have founded species but we find every intermediate condition and are
quite unable to distinguish even a marked variety. The dentation of the leaves,
and the size of the inflorescence and fruit varies exceedingly. Melia Toosendan
Siebold & Zuccarini represents a form with very large nearly globose fruit, but
some specimens before us completely connect this with forms having small fruit.
Material from trees cultivated and naturahzed in America exhibit a wider range
of variation than do all the Old World specimens we have seen.

MELIACEAE. — CIPADESSA 159

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 394, 395, 632 and 0220 of the
collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Westcr7i China,
Nos. 309 and 310.

Here may be added a note on a new variety of Cipadessa.

CIPADESSA Blume.
Cipadessa baccifera Miquel in Ann. Mus. Ludg.-Bai. IV. 6 (1868).

Ekebergia indica Roxburgh, Hort. Cat. Beng. 33 (nomen nudum) (1814); Fl'

Ind. II. 392 (1832). — WaUich Cat. No. 1256 (nomen nudum) (1828).
Melia baccifera Roth, Nov. PI. Ind. Or. 215 (1821). — De Candolle, Prodr. I.

622 (1824).
Cipadessa fruticosa Blume, Bijdr. 162 (1825). — Hiern in Hooker f., Fl. Brit.

Ind. I. 545 (1875). — Pellegrin in Le Comte, Fl. Gen. Ind.-Chine, I. 782,

fig. 85 (1911).
Ekebergia ? integerrima WaUich, Cat. No. 1257 (nomen nudum) (1828).
Mallea Rothii A. L. de Jussieu in Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris, XIX. 222, t. 13,

fig. 6 (1830).
Mallea integerrima Wallich apud Voigt, Hort. Svh. Calcutt. 134 (1845).
Mallea subscandens Teysmann & Binnendijk in Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. XXV.

422 (1863).
Cipadessa ? subscandens Miquel in Ann. Mus. Ludg.-Bat. IV. 7 (1868).

The Chinese plant differs considerably from that of India and Malaya and is
best considered a variety.

Cipadessa baccifera, var. sinensis Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit ramulis, petiolis fohis utrinque dense moUiter pubescentibus,
foliolis plerumque majoribus 5-10 cm. longis.

Western Szech'uan: near Sui Fu, banks of Yangtsze River, June 1903
(Veitch Exped. No. 3366, type); same locality, October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No.
3366'='); Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4774); without locality, E.
Faber (No. 669). Yunnan: Mengtze, A. Henry (No. 9461, in part); south of
Red River from Manmei, A. Henry (No. 9461, in part); Manpan, Red River, A.
Henry (No. 9461''); Szemao, mountains west, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 9461*=).

The dense velvety pubescence everywhere on the leaves, leaf-rhachis, inflores-
cence and young shoots and the usually larger leaves readily distinguish this
variety from the type. In the warmer part of western Szech'uan this plant is
not uncommon in thickets. The specimen from Mt. Omei is labelled " Tree
50 ft." ; this is a mistake it should read " bush 5 ft." Henry describes his specimen
as a bush or small tree from 6 to 20 feet tall.

POLYGALACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

POLYGALA L.

Polygala arillata Hamilton apud D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 199
(1824). — Wallich, PI. As. Rar. I. t. 100 (1830). —Wight, Icon. III.
t. 946 (1843-50).— Bennett in Hooker f., FL Brit. Ind. I. 200
(1872). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VIII. 203 (PL
David. II. 21) (1886); PI. Delavay. 77 (1889). — Chodat in Mem.
Soc. Phys. Geneve, Suppl. No. VIII. 94, t. 17, fig. 12-14 {Monog.
Polygal.) (1891). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 426 (1900).

Chamaehuxus arillata Hasskarl in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 153 (1863-64).
Chamaebuxus paniculata Hasskarl in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 154 (1863-64).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 1000 m., June
and July 1907 (Nos. 3198, 3200; bush 1-2 m., flowers yellow); Fang
Hsien, alt. 1300 m., June 1907 (No. 3^99; bush 1-2 m., flowers yellow);
Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m., June 1907 (No. 3197; bush
1-1.5 m., flowers yellow); without locality. May 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 1274); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5783, 5783^^). West-
ern Szech'uan: Chin-ting-shan, alt. 600-1000 m.. May 25, 1908
(No. 3196; bush 1-1.5 m., flowers golden-yellow) ; Tachien-lu, thickets,
alt. 1600-2000 m., June 1908 (No. 3201; sub-shrub 45-60 cm., flowers
golden-yellow); without precise locality, alt. 1300 m., May 1904
(Veitch Exped., Nos. 3236, 3226^); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 4741); neighborhood of Tachien-lu, A. E. Pratt (No.
108). Yunnan: Mengtze, mountains, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (Nos.
9999, 9999'); Szemao, mountains, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12621,
12621^). Hongkong : C. Wright (No. 22).

This is a very common shrub in thickets and on cliffs in western Hupeh and in
Szech'uan and very variable in size of leaf, in length of raceme and in the number
of flowers on the raceme. In No. 3201 the shoots terminate in from 1 to 3 racemes
but in all the other Chinese specimens before us the raceme is solitary. We have
not seen Polygala fallax Hemsley (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 59 [1886]) nor P.

160

POLYGALACEAB. — POLYGALA 161

aureocauda Dunn (in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1911, 188), but from the descrip-
tions we strongly suspect that they should be referred to P. arillata.

Polygala Wattersii Hance in Jour. Bot. XIX. 209 (1881). — Hems-
ley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 63 (1886), quoad specimen Ichangense.

Polygala Mariesii Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 61, t. 2, fig. b. 7-13
(1886). — Chodat in Mem. Soc. Phys. Genbve, Suppl. No. VII. 102, t. 17,
f. 15-28 (Monog. Polygal.) (1891). — Franchet, PL Delavay. 77 (18S9).—
Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 426 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot.
Ital. n. ser. XVII. 408, 1910; XVIII. 125 (1911).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, in gorges and glens on cliffs, alt. 30-
1000 m., abundant, March 24, June 1907 (No. 29; bush 0.6-1 m.,
flowers yellow); same locahty, C. Morris] same locahty, T. Walters,
April 1880 (type, drawings of the type specimen seen); Wushan
Hsien, April 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 162); A. Henry (Nos. 2912,
1104, 1973); " Ou-pan-shan," alt. 600 m., March 1910, C. Silvestri
(No. 3073). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, April 1901
(Veitch Exped. No. 162). Western Szech'uan: Mupin, cliffs, alt.
1000-1300 m., June 1908 (No. ig"; bush 1 m., flowers yellow) ; without
precise locality, cliffs, alt. 1600 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
3237); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4742). Yunnan:
Mengtsze, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 9395).

Here may be added the description of a new species and a note on another
species of Polygala which were not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Ex-
peditions.

Polygala caudata Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Polygala Wattersii Hance in Jour. Bot. XX. 3 (1882), non Hance in Jour. Bot.
XIX. 209 (1881). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 63 (1886), quoad
specimen e Kwangtung. — Chodat in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve, XXXI.
No. II, 103, t. 17, fig. 29-30 {Monog. Polygal.) (non Hance, 1881) (1893).

Frutex 1-2-metralis, ramosus; ramuli juniores pilis crispulis brevibus ad-
pressis flavescentibus vestiti. Folia subcoriacea, plerumque versus apicem ramu-
lorum congesta, oblonga v. oblanceolata, rarius obovato-oblonga, caudato-
acuminata et apiculata, basi attenuata, margine leviter revoluta et plerumque
undulata, 3-12, plerumque 7-10 cm. longa et 1-3 cm. lata, glabra, supra
obscure flavo-viridia, subtus pallidiora, nervis utrinque 8-12 sub angulo fere
recto divergentibus leviter elevatis; petioli 5-10 mm. longi. Flores rosei (ex
Henry) circiter 5 mm. longi, in racemis tcrminalibus pluribus fere umbellatim
^congestis subsessilibus muUifloris 2.5-5 cm. longis dispositi; pedicelli 1-1.5 mm.
longi, bracteis minutis caducis sufTulti; sepala 3 exteriora ovata, apice rotundata,
ciliolata, 1.5 mm. longa, interiora 2 potaloidea, obovata, obtusa, basi attenuata,
venosa, carina breviora; petala 2 latcralia carinae ultra medium adnata, 3.5-4 mm.
longa; carina 5 mm. longa, crista peltata biloba lobis subacutis; ovarium com-
pressum, late obovoideum; stigma bilobum. Capsula oblongo-obovoidea basim

162 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

versus attenuata 8 mm. longa et 4 mm. lata, apice emarginata, angustissime alata;
semina ovalia, 2 mm. longa, pilis longis villosis vestitis comam 3-4 mm. longam
formantibus.

Yunnan: Mengtze, cliffs, alt. 1600-1800 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10901, type,
10901% 10901''). Western Hupeh: without locality, A. Henry (No. 7714).
Kwang-tung: Lien-chau River, March 1881, B. C. Henry (fragments seen).

This new species in habit and foliage is similar to P. Wattersii Hance, which,
however, is readily distinguished by its yellow flowers which are from 12 to 20 mm.
long and larger in all their parts. It is apparently the same as the plant referred
to P. Wattersii by Hance in 1882, though it is obviously distinct from his species
described in 1881. The Hupeh specimen which has sHghtly larger and thinner
leaves, shghtly less abruptly acimiinate than those of the type, was received from
Kew under the name P. Wattersii. Hemsley when founding his P. Mariesii {Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXIII. 61 [1886]) had not seen Hance's type of P. Wattersii, but only
the specimen from Kwangtung collected by B. C. Henry, and it is evident that
Hance's mistaken identification of this latter plant misled Hemsley. Chodat in
his monograph mistook A. Henry's No. 7114 from western Hupeh for B. C. Henry's
plant from Lien-chau, Kwangtung, and believing the latter to represent Hance's
species, described and figured it as P. Wattersii. To add to the confusion, the
two specimens referred by Hance to his P. Wattersii are mounted on the same
sheet of Hance's herbarium, now in the British Museum, and their labels seem to
have been transposed, for the detailed information sent us by Dr. A. B. Rendle
and supplemented by sketches and fragments show that the large-flowered speci-
men (the true P. Wattersii) is labelled " Lien-chau, B. C. Henry " while the
small flowered (our P. caudata) is labeled " Ichang, T. Watters." According to
Hance's description it is perfectly clear that he had the large-flowered specimen
before him when he described the plant collected by Watters near Ichang, the only
one he had seen in 1880, when he pubHshed his description, for the small-
flowered plant was not collected until the following year,

Polygala congesta Rehder & Wilson, n. nom.

Polygala floribunda Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXV. 485 (1903), non Ben-
tham PI. Hartweg. 58 (1840), nee Boissier et Huet in Boissier, Diag. s6r. 2,
V. 50 (1856).

Yunnan : Mengtze, grassy mountains, alt. 1600-2000 m., A. Henry
(Nos. 10511, 10511% 9364, 13519, 11472, 11079, 11416); Szemao,
forests, alt. 1500-2000 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12272, 12272^, 12272'').

BUXACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehdee and E. H. Wilson.

SARCOCOCCA Lindl.

Sarcococca ruscifolia Stapf in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1910,
394.— Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. ltd. n. ser. XVIII. 172 (1911).

Sarcococca pruniformis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 418 (non Lind-
ley) (1894), quoad plantam sinensem. — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 431
(1900).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, cliffs in glens and ravines, alt. 300-
1200 m., March 20, December 1907 (Nos. 68i, 2592; bush 1-1.5 m.,
flowers white, fruit dark scarlet); Patung Hsien, cHffs, alt. 600 m.,
April 1907 (No. 2591; bush 1-2 m.); Ichang, San-yu-tung glen,
March and November 16, 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 127, seed No.
927); Nanto and mountains to northward, A. Henry (Nos. 2993,
2588, 3287, 3077*); Ichang and immediate neighborhood, A. Henry
(Nos. 2589, 3832, 3077); " Ou-tan-scian," alt. 2000 m., August 1909,
C. Silvestri (No. 3348); " Ou-pan-chan," alt. 600 m., March 1910,
C. Silvestri (^o.ZZid). Western Szech'uan: Chin-ting-shan, on
rocks by the roadside, alt. 1300 m., May 22, 1908 (No. 2590; bush
0.6-1 m.).

A very common plant in the limestone region of western Hupeh but rather
rare in western Szech'uan. The Nos. 2.591, 3077'' represent a form with narrow
leaves.

Sarcococca ruscifolia, var. chinensis Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.
Sarcococca saligna, var. chinensis Franchet, PI. Delavay. 135 (1889).

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, woodlands, alt. 1300 m., No-
vember 1908 (No. 1336; bush 1.5-2 m., fruit reddish). Yunnan:
Mengtze, cliffs, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 9859'^).

This variety seems to differ from the type only in its narrower leaves more
attenuate at the base.

163

164 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Sarcococca Hookeriana Baillon, Monog. Buxac. 53 (1859). —
Mueller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 13 (1869).

Tricera nepalensis Wallich, Cat. No. 7979 a (pro parte; nomen nudum) (1832).
Sarcococca pruniformis, var. Hookeriana, Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 266

(1887).

The Chinese specimens we have seen belong to the following varieties:

Sarcococca Hookeriana, var. digyna Franchet, PL Delavay. 135
(1889).

Western Szech'uan: near Wa-shan, cliffs, alt. 1000-2000 m.,
September 18, 1908 (No. 1130; bush 1 m., fruit black).

Here may be added the description of a new variety not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum expeditions.

Sarcococca Hookeriana, var. humilis Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

Frutex humilis, 0.3-1.5 m. altus; folia alterna v. apicem ramulorum versus
subopposita, lanceolata v. oblongo-lanceolata, acuta v. acuminata et apiculata,
basi attenuata, 3-6 cm. longa et 6-15 mm. lata, supra lucida, subtus pallidiora;
petioli 5-8 mm. longi. Styli 2-3.

Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7065, type); same
locality, November 1900 (Veitch Exped. seed No. 900). Western Hupeh:
without locality, A. Henry {No. 7 SSi). Yunnan: Mengtze, mountains to the
north, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 9859); Mile district, A. Henry (No. 9859^).

This variety is easily recognized by its small, narrow shining leaves and low
habit. It is a rather rare plant and is now in cultivation.

PACHYSANDRA Michx.

Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch.
IV. pt. II. 142 {Fl Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 34) (1843). — Baillon, Monog.
Buxac. 57 (1859). — Mueller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 21
(1869). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 419 (1894). — Diels
in Bot.Jahrb. XXIX. 431, (1900).— Hayatain Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo,
XX. art. III. 81, t. 6, fig. F (1904).

Western Hupeh : Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2600 m., common,
May and September 1907 (No. 303; subshrub, 15-30 cm. high, flowers
white, fruit white).

This is a very common plant growing on rocks in the moist woods of western
Hupeh and Szech'uan.

Here may be added a note on another species not collected during the Arnold
Arboretum expeditions.

Pachysandra axillaris Franchet PI. Delavay. 135, t. 26 (1889). — Hemsley in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 419 (1894). — Diels in Bat. Jahrb. XXIX. 431 (1900).
Yunnan: Lungan, A. Henry (No. 9959^).

BUXACEAE. BUXUS 165

BUXUS L.

Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Miinch. IV.
pt. II. 142 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 34) (1843). — Baillon, Mojiog.
Buxac. 64 (1859).

Buxus sempervirens, |3. microphijlla Blume ex Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat.
III. 128 (quasi synon.) (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 292 (1867). — Hayata in Jour.
Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XX. art. III. 83, t. 6, fig. C (1904). — Matsumura, Ind.
Fl. Jap. II. 311 (1912).

Buxus japonica, /3. microphyllaMueller Arg. apud Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-
Bat. III. 128 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 292 (1867). — Mueller Arg. in De Can-
dolle, Prodr. XVI. 20 (1869). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I.
428 (1875).

Buxus sempervirens, a. angustifolia Siebold & Zuccarini ex Hayata in Jour.
Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XX. art. III. 84 (quasi synon.) (1904).

The type of the species does not occur in China.

Buxus microphylla, var. sinica Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

Frutex 1-3-metralis ramulis et perulis gemmarum inferioribus
plus minusve pubescentibus. Folia orbicularia, obovata, elliptico-
ovata V. elliptico-lanceolata, apice rotundata, plerumque emarginata,
8-35 mm. longa et 5-18 mm. lata, luteo-viridia, supra lucida et in
sicco manifeste venulosa, subtus obsolete venulosa; petioli et costa
media supra in parte inferiore plerumque pubescentia. Flores ut in
typo.

Buxus sempervirens Franchet, PI. Delavay. ISQ (non Linnaeus) (1889). —
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 418 (pro parte) (1894). — Diels in
Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 431 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital.
n. ser. XVIII. 126 (1911).

Western Hupeh : Changyang Hsien, woods, rocky places, alt.
1000-1600 m., conmaon, May and October 1907 (Nos. 3397, type,
3396); Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, cliffs, alt. 1300-2400 m., com-
mon, May 14, July 1907 (Nos. 3398, 3396''); Hsing-shan Hsien,
summit of Wan-tiao-shan, alt. 2600 m., June 5, 1907 (No. 3398*);
without locality, May and July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 433^); wth-
out locality, A. Henry (Nos. 7159, 6886). Yunnan: Mengtsze,
forests, alt. 2800 m., A. Henry (No. 11157). Shensi: Tai-pci-shan,
1910, W. Purdom. Kiangs^: Nanking, E. Faber (No. 902).
Shantung: without locality, Zimmerman (No. 529). Hong-
kong: without locality, C. Wright (No. 422). Formosa: Takow,

166 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Ape's Hill, A. Henry (No. 1177). Korea: Seoul, cultivated, Sep-
tember 24, J. G. Jack.

This Box is found in many parts of China and is common in rocky places in
the woods and thickets of western Hupeh and in Szech'uan. It is also a favorite
garden shrub with the Chinese. This variety is really the typical Buxus of east-
ern continental Asia and the variation in foliage, habit, etc. is similar to what
occurs in the European B. sempervirens Linnaeus, which is distinguished by the
minute gynophore to the rudimentary ovary in the male flower. From B. micro-
phylla Siebold & Zuccarini, which under the rules of priority must be kept as the
type of the species, this Chinese variety is well distinguished by the pubescent
branches and larger leaves. It is nearest to B. microphylla, var. japonica Reh-
der & Wilson, which is easily recognized by its glabrous shoots. In western
Hupeh this plant is colloquially known as " Huang-yang."

We have seen one cultivated specimen from an American nursery labelled B.
Fortunei, which is undoubtedly the Chinese variety but the true B. Fortunei
Carriere (in Rev. Hort. 1871, 519) is a very different plant with long and narrow
subcuneate leaves and is of doubtful origin and but incompletely described. It
is possible that Carriere' s plant is a form of the tjTpical B. microphylla Siebold &
Zuccarini, but it is much more probable that it is a variety of the European B.
sempervirens Linnaeus.

The plant referred to B. sempervirens by Hayata (in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo,
XXV. art. XIX. 193 {Fl. Mont. Formosae) [1908] probably ^belongs to B. micro-
phylla, var. sinica Rehder & Wilson.

Buxus Harlandii Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 123 (1873).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 139, fig. 89 w, 90 d-e (1907).

Buxus sempervirens Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 315 (non Linnaeus) (1861). —
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 418 (pro parte) (1894). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 233 (Fl. Kwangtung and
Hongkong) (1912).

Buxus microphylla Franchet, PI. Delavay. 136 (non Siebold & Zuccarini)
(1889), excludendo synonymo B. stenophylla.

Western Hupeh : Ichang gorge, on rocks, alt. 30-300 m., March
24, 1908 (No. 3399; fluviatile shrub, 15-30 cm. tall); same locality, A.
Henry (No. 3313). Fokien: without locality, Dunn's Exped., April
to June 1905 (Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong, No. 3515). Hong-
kong: Herb. Hance (No. 322, type).

This curious species is abundant in the gorges and ravines near Ichang growing
in rock-crevices and among stones in the bed and banks of streams where during
summer floods it is submerged. It is found only at low altitudes where the winters
are very mild and would not be hardy in northern temperate regions. The plant
we have seen in cultivation as B. Harlandii is B. microphylla, var. japoniZa Rehder
& Wilson.

From the habitat given it is very probable that B. cephalantha L6veill6 & Vaniot
(in Fedde Rep. sp. Nov. III. 21 (1906)) belongs here.

As the determination of the Chinese material made necessary a study of most
of the species of the subgenus Eubuxus, we have improved this opportunity by
compiling a short synopsis of all the species of this subgenus.

BUXACEAE. — BUXUS 167

CONSPECTUS SPECIERUM SUBGENERIS EUBUXI.

Flores masculi pedicellati, rudimento ovarii sepalis 4-plo breviore. Folia 2.5-7
cm. longa.
Folia apice rotundata v. emarginata, ovato-oblonga v. oblonga, 3-4 cm. longa

et 1.2-2 cm. lata. Styli erecti 1. B. balearica.

Folia apice acutiuscula v. obtusa.
Folia 7-12 mm. lata et 2.5-4 cm. longa, lanceolata v. lineari-elliptica.

2. B. longifoUa.

Folia 15-25 mm. lata et 5-7 cm. longa, ovato-lanceolata v. lanceolata;

etyli patentes, stigmatibus recurvis, ovarium plus quam duplo superantes,

exserti; bracteae basales inflorescentiae dorso cinereo-villosuli. Ramuli

subteretes S. B. Henryi.

Flores masculi sessiles (in No. 4 non visi).

Folia subtus papillosa, glaucescentia, anguste lanceolata, 3-6 cm. longa.

4. B. papillosa.
Folia epapillosa, viridia v. luteo-viridia.
Rudimentum ovarii in floribus masculis vix dimidia sepala aequans.
Folia 3-6 cm. longa.

Folia lanceolata v. lineari-lanceolata, 0.6-1.5 cm. lata, margine plana;

ramuli pilosuli 5. B. Wallichiana.

Folia ovato-oblonga, v. fere ovata, 1.5-2.5 cm. lata, margine undulata;

ramuli glabrescentes 6. B. liukiuensis.

Folia 1-3 cm. longa, rarius pauUo longiora 8. J5. sempervirens.

Rudimentum ovarii in floribus masculis sepala aequans v. fere aequans;
folia plerumque parva, 0.8-3, rarius ad 5 cm. longa.
Folia suborbicularia v. angusta lanceolata, basi plerumque subito angus-
tata. Styli dimidium ovarium aequantes.
Folia 4-18 mm. lata. Rudimentum ovarii apice valde dilatatum;
stamina sepalis duplo longiora.
Ramuli glabri.

Inflorescentiae plerumque omnes terminales. Folia oblongo-obo-
vata V. oblanceolata, 4-8 mm. lata. ... 8. B. microphylla.
Inflorescentiae axillares et terminales.

Folia plerumque obovata v. ovalia, 8-18 mm. lata.

var. japonica.
Ramuli plus minusve pubescentes.

Folia obovata v. ovato-oblonga, apice rotundata v. emarginata,
1-3 cm. longa. Ramuli plus minusve pilosuli. . . var. sinica.
Folia oblongo-lanceolata v. oblonga, obtusa v. acutixiscula, 2.5-5
cm. longa. Ramuli leviter pubescentes v. fere glabri.

var. aemulans.
Folia 3-4 mm. lata, oblongo-lanceolata. Rudimentum ovarii apice
vix dilatatum; stamina sepalis circiter dimidio longiora.

9. B. stenophijlla.
Folia oblanceolata v. obovato-oblonga, basim versus sensim angustata,

1.2-2 cm. longa et 4-6 mm. lata. Styli ovarium aequantes.

10. B. Harlandii.

168 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM SUBGENERIS EUBUXI.

1. Buxus balearica Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. I. 511 (1783). — Willdenow, Spec.
IV. 337 (1805). — Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1341, fig. 1220, 1221 (1838). — Baillon,
Monog. Buxac. 62 (1859). — Mueller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 18 (1869).

Buxus sempervirens, var. gigantea Nouv. Duhamel, I. 82, t. 23, fig. I. (1801).

Balearic Islands, Spain, Sardinia.

2. Buxus longifolia Boissier, Diagn. PI. Or. I. 107 (1853); Fl. Or. IV. 1144
(1879). — Baillon, Monog. Buxac. 63 (1859). — Mueller Arg. in De Candolle,
Prodr. XVI. 18 (1869).

3. Buxus Henryi Mayr, Fremdl. Wald- u. Parkh. 451 (1906). — Diimmer in
Gard. Chron. ser. 3, LII. 423, fig. 182 (1912).

Western Hupeh: Ichang and immediate neighborhood, .4 . Henr?/ (No. 3387).

4. Buxus papillosa Schneider III. Handb. Laubholzk. 11. 139, fig. 89 v, 90 k-1
(1907).

Northwestern Himalaya.

5. Buxus Wallichiana Baillon, Monog. Buxac. 63 (1859). — Mueller Arg. in
De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 18 (1869). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 139,
fig. 90 h-i (1907).

Buxus longifolia Jacquemont ex Baillon, Monog. Buxac. 63 (quasi synon.) (non

Boissier) (1869).
Buxus sempervirens Brandis, For. Fl. Brit. Ind. 447 (non Linnaeus) (1874). —

Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 267 (1887).

Himalayas: Kiunaon to Bhotan.

6. Buxus liukiuensis Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVI. 179 (1902). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 140 (1907).

Buxus sempervirens, var. liukiuensis Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 279

(1895); XV. 169 (1910).
Buxus Wallichiana Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XX. art. III. 84, t. 6,

fig. E (non Baillon) (1904). — Matsumura, Ind. Fl. Jap. II. 311 (1912).

Liu-kiu Islands: C. Wright (No. 284, in Herb. Gray).

7. Buxus sempervirens Linnaeus, Spec. 983 (1753). — Reichenbach, Icon. Fl.
German. V. t. 153, fig. 4808 (1841). — Baillon, Monog. Buxac. 59, t. 1, t. 2, fig.
1-12 (1859). — Mueller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 19 (1869). — Boissier,
Fl. Or. IV. 1144 (1879).

Buxus arborescens Miller, Diet. ed. 8, (1768).

Central and southern Europe to the Caucasus.

8. Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zuccarini. See p. 165.

Buxus microphylla, var. japonica Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Buxus japonica Mueller Arg. apud Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 128

(1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 292 (1867). — Mueller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr.

XVI. 20 (1869). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 428

(1875).— Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 139, fig. 89 v-x. (1907).

BUXACEAE. — BUXUS 169

Buxus sempervirensThunhovg, Fl. Jap. 77 (sphalmate wrens) (non Linnaeus)
(1784). — Matsumura, Ind. Fl. Jap. II. 310 (1912).

Buxus semper vir ens, var. japonica Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 281
(1895); XV. 169 (1901). — Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XX. art.
III. 82, t. 6, fig. c (1904).

This is a very hardy variety of Box with larger and broader leaves than the
type. The leaves are yellowish-green and this same color obtains in the Chinese
variety also.

Buxus microphylla, var. sinica Rehder & Wilson. See p. 165.

Buxus microphylla, var. aemulans Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

Frutex 1-2-metralis, ramulis patentibus subteretibus sparse pubescentibus.
Folia oblongo-lanceolata v. oblonga v. oblongo-obovata, obtusa v. acutiuscula,
2.5-5 cm. longa et 7-15 mm. lata, supra in sicco distincte venulosa, subtus minus
venulosa. Florum fascicuh parvi. Ceterum ut in var. sinica.

Western Hupeh : without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 7807, type, 3293'') ; Chang-
yang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1800 m., April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 433).

In foliage and general appearance tliis strongly resembles B. Wallichiana
Baillon, but the short anthers and the long gynophore to the rudimentary ovary
in the male flowers show that it belongs to B. microphylla Siebold & Zuccarini.
This new variety is a distinct looking plant and is not uncommon in the woods of
western Hupeh.

9. Buxus stenophylla Hance in Jour. Bot. VI. 331 (1868); in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XIII. 124 (1873). — Mueller Arg. in De CandoUe, Prodr. XVI. 20 (1869).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 139, fig. 90 v (1907).

Buxus sempervirens Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 418 (non Linnaeus)
(1894), quoad synonymum B. stenophyllam.

Fokien: " An-koe," C. deGrijs (No. 6683; fragments seen).

Probably not specifically distinct from B. microphylla Siebold & Zuccarini.

10. Buxus Harlandii Hance. See p. 166.

CORIARIACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

CORIARIA L.

Coriaria sinica Maximowicz in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg,
ser. 7, XXIX. No. III. 9, fig. (1881); in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 112
(1889). — Schneider, III. Handh. Lauhholzk. II. 143, fig. 94i-l (1907).

Coriaria nepalensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 149 (non Wallich)
(1886). — Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XXXIII. 451 (1886).—
Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 431 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot.
Ital. n. ser. XVII. 415 (1910); XVIII. 126 (1911).

Western Hupeh : Ichang and neighborhood, 30-1000 m., abund-
ant, March 15, May 1907 (No. 12; bush 1-6 m., anthers red, fruit
black); same locality, March 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 150); without
locality, A. Henry (No. 1289); " Kao-kien-scian," alt. 800 m., 1907,
C. Silvestri (No .1316). WesternSzech'uan: southeast of Tachien-
lu, roadsides, alt. 1300 m., June 1908 (No. 12'*; bush 1-6 m.).

The relationship of this species with C. nepalensis WalUch is very close and
ultimately it may prove to be only a variety of the Indian plant but our material
of the latter is not sufficient to settle this point. The difference in the length of
the filaments does not hold good, but the other differences pointed out by Maximo-
wicz seem to be constant. The style in C. sinica is more slender, the rudimentary
pistil and petals in the male flowers are much more minute (almost wanting) and
the ripe carpels are smaller than in C. nepalensis Wallich.

Coriaria sinica is one of the commonest shrubs on the grassy hills and in the
river valleys of western Hupeh up to 1000 m. altitude and in western Szech'uan
up to 1500 m. altitude and even higher in the more stony and arid regions. In
Hupeh it is colloquially known as the "Ma-sang" and the shoots are said to be
poisonous to cattle.

Coriaria terminalis -Hemsley in Hooker's Icon. XXIII. t. 2220
(1892); in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXIII. 110 (pro parte) (1898).—
Schneider, III. Handh. Lauhholzk. II. 144, fig. 94 h (1907).

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets,
alt. 2300 m., June and August 1908 (No. 2304, in part; sub-shrub
0.6-1 m. tall, flowers pinkish, fruit black) ; south-east of Tachien-lu,

170

CORIARIACEAE. — CORIARIA 171

thickets, alt. 2000-2500 m., June and August 1908 (No. 2304, in part;
sub-shrub 0.6-1 m. tall, fruit black); same locality, alt. 2800 m., July
1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3306).

This plant has a woody root-stock and herbaceous annual shoots; the fruit is
black. It is common in thickets and margins of woods between 2000 and 2600 m.
alt. in western Szech'uan.

Hemsley (1. c.) refers certain Indian specimens to this species, but apparently
there are two forms, one with black fruit and one found in Sikkim with yellow
fruit. A specimen before us, collected by Hooker f. in Sikkim at alt. 5000-7000
ft. apparently has black fruit ; another Sikkim specimen (Gammie No. 353) collected
at Lachung, at alt. 9000 ft. has yellow fruit. This Lachung specimen agrees with
the plant figured in the Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. VI. 62 (1897) by St. Paul as
Coriaria nepalensis. As Hemsley in the Gard. Chron. (1. c.) points out, this plant
has nothing to do with C. nepalensis Wallich. In the absence of information on
the color of the fruit in his Chinese type Hemsley expresses the opinion that the
plant figured is the same as his C. terminalis. We now know that the Chinese
plant has black fruit, and the yellow-fruited Indian plant would appear to consti-
tute at least a well marked variety of C. terminalis Hemsley.

Coriaria terminalis, var. xanthocarpa Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

Coriaria terminalis St. Paul in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. VI. 62, t. (non Hems-
ley) (1897). — Bean in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIV. 282, fig. 119 (1903). —
Mottet in Rev. Hort. 1907, p. 160, t. — Sprague in Bot. Mag. CXXXIX. t.
8525 (1913).

ANACARDIACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

SPONDIAS L.

Spondias axillaris Poxburgh, Cat. Hort. Bengal. 34 (nomen nudum)
(1814); Fl. Ind. II. 453 (1832). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 42
(1876). — King & Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, IX. pt. I. 18, t.
25 (1901).— Brandis, Ind. Trees, 201 (1906).

Spondias acuminata Gamble, Trees and Shrubs of Darjeeling, ed. 2, 25 (non
Roxburgh) (1896).

Poupartia Fordii Hemsley in Hooker's Icon. XXVI. t. 2557 (1898). — Dunn
& Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 69 (Fl. Kwangtung &
Hongkong) (1912).

Poupartia axillaris Prain Mss. apud King & Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Cal-
cutta, IX. pt. I. 18 (1901).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, margins of woods, alt. 600-
1100 m., local, May 1907 (No. 453^; tree 6-10 m. tall, girth 1-1.5 m.);
Changyang Hsien, roadsides, alt. 600 m., November 1907 (No. 480;
tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m., fruit edible); Nanto, woodlands,
April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 172). Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt.
1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11690). Hongkong: Happy Valley, No-
vember 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent; same locality, April 17, 1896, C. Ford
(ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong, No. 612) ; without locality, C. Wright
(Nos. 107, 473).

This is a rather common tree at low altitudes in western Hupeh and in Szech'uan
and is chiefly confined to the valleys. It grows from 15 to 25 m. tall and the trunk
is often a metre in diameter near the base. The branches are massive and form
an oval or rounded head; the bark is grey, deeply fissured and persistent; the
leaves are deciduous. The flowers are polygamo-dioecious; the male and female
flowers are borne in many-flowered panicles which spring from the axils of scales
and also from the axils of the lower leaves. The hermaphrodite flowers are
much larger than the unisexual flowers and are borne in short racemes which
are commonly one-flowered by abortion and never more than 3- or 4-flowered.
The leafy shoots bearing panicles of unisexual flowers look very much Uke branches
of Rhus succedanea Linnaeus.

Brandis (1. c.) describes S. axillaris Roxburgh as an evergreen tree with brown
or reddish bark which peels off in long flakes. We think this must be a mistake,

172

ANACARDIACEAE. — PISTACIA 173

otherwise the Chinese tree will have to be referred to another species, although
the herbarium material before us from the two countries is identical.

The fruit of S. axillaris is yellow, oval, from 2.5-3 cm. long, rounded on the
summit; it is eaten by the Chinese. The vernacular name of this tree is " Hsuan
Tsao."

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 377 and 441 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 477 and
478.

Spondias axillaris, var. pubinervis Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliolis subtus ad costam nervosque nee non petiolo
et rhachi et ramulis junioribus dense breviter villosis.

Eastern Szech'uan: Taning Hsien, roadside, alt. 160-100 m.,
June 28, 1910 (No. 4631, type; tree 20-25 m. tall, girth 3 m.); Wushan
Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5535). Western Szech'uan: Hungya
Hsien, roadside, alt. 600 m., September 5, 1908 (No. 480'*; tree 6-25
m. tall, fruit yellow, edible); Yachou Fu, ravines, alt. 600-1200 m.,
May and July 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3368, 3373, 3363).

This variety is well distinguished by its pubescence; in other particulars it is
identical with the type of the species. This tree is common everywhere in Sze-
ch'uan up to 1000 m. altitude.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 94 and 0161 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 476.

PISTACIA L.

Pistacia chinensis Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad.Sci.St. Petersbourg,
II. 89 (Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 15) (1833). — Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XIII. 77 (1873). — Engler in De CandoUe, Monog. Phaner. IV. 291
(1883). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s^r. 2, V. 231 (PI.
David. I. 79) (1883); PI. Delavay. 149 (1889). — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXIII. 148 (1886). — Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop.
XL 110 (1889). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 431 (1900).— Bean
in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1910, 393, fig. — Pampanini in Nuou.
Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 416 (1910); XVIII. 173 (1911).—
Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bidl. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 69 {Fl.
Kwangtung & Hongkong) (1912). — Rehder in Moller's Deutsch.
Gdrtn.-Zeit. XXVII. 25, fig. (1912).

Pistacia for mosana Matsumura in Tokijo Bot. Mag. XV. 40 (1901). — Matsu-
mura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 99, t. 9 (Enum. PI. Formos.)
(1906).

Pistacia philippinensis Merrill & Rolfe in Philipp. Jour. Sci. III. No. 3, 107
(1908). — Merrill & Merritt in Philipp. Jour. Sci. V. No. 4, 357 (1910).

174 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Hupeh: neighborhood of Ichang, valleys, alt. 30-1000
m., March 26 and September 1907 (No. 380; tree 15-26 m. tall, girth
1.5-4 m., fruit blue); without locality, April 1900, September 1901
(Veitch Exped. Nos. 407, 1965) ; Ichang and immediate neighborhood,
A. Henry (Nos. 1500, 7702) " Monte Triora," alt. 1950 m., October
1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1318). Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu,
alt. 300-1000 m., common, October 1908 (No. 380^; tree 15-26 m.
tall, girth 2-4 m.); without precise locality, and river valleys, Sep-
tember 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3363). Yunnan: Mengtze, woods,
alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10254, 10254^). Shensi : Tai-pei-shan,
1910, W. Purdom. North-central China: " Mt. Lean-san,"
Hugh Scallan. Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor;
without locality, E. Faber. Kiangsu: hills, E. Faher. Shantung:
Lan-shan, August 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 315). Chili: near Pe-
king, October 1905, F. N. Meyer (No. 181); same locality, 1831,
A. Bunge {tyipe). Formosa: Bankinsing, A. Henry (No. 488).
Philippine Islands: Luzon, Bagnio, in province of Benguet (dis-
tributed by A. D. E. Elmer, No. 8779).

This Pistacia is one of the noblest, most widely distributed and useful of Chinese
trees. It is very common in the valleys of western Hupeh and Szech'uan up to
1000 m. alt. and extends up to 1600 m. alt. in favorable localities. The trunk is
very thick, buttressed at the base with gray, fissured persistent bark; the branches
are massive, wide-spreading and form a rounded or flattened head. The young
leafy shoots are often red in color and are eaten as a vegetable in the same manner as
those of Cedrela sinensis A. L. de Jussieu. In the autumn the leaves assume wonder-
ful orange and crimson tints. The wood is heavy, close-grained, tough but easily
worked and is employed in boat-building, for general construction purposes and
in household carpentry. Stout poles of this tree having a natural fork are consid-
ered to make the best and most durable rudder-posts for large boats.

Colloquially this tree is known as the " Huang-lien shu " or " Huang-ni-ya
shu."

Pictures of this tree wiU be found under Nos. 14, 25, 262, 443 and 0225 of the
collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China,
Nos. 384r-387.

Hayata's excellent figure shows that Matsumura's P. formosana is identical
with the Chinese species and we can find no character by which to distinguish P.
philippinensis Merrill & Rolfe. In this connection we may observe that Mer-
rill and Merritt suspected the identity of the Philippine species with that of
Formosa.

Pistacia integerrima Stewart (in Brandis, For. Fl. Brit. Ind. 122, t. 22 (1874)) is
very closely related to P. chinensis and perhaps, is not specifically distinct.,

Here may be added a note on a species not collected during the Arnold Arbore-
tum Expeditions.

Pistacia weinmannifolia J. Poisson apud Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France,
XXXIII, 467 (1886). — Franchet, PL Delavay. 149, t. 36 (1889).

Pistacia coccinea CoUett & Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVIII. 36 (1890).

ANACARDIACEAE. — COTINUS 175

Western Szech'uan: Chien-chi Hsien, arid valleys, alt. 1000 m., July 1903
(Veitch Exped. No. 3367). Yunnan: Mengtze, plains, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry
(Nos. 9600, 9600''); Lunan, A. Henry (No. 9000**); Szemao, mountains west, alt.
1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11913).

This is a very rare tree in Szech'uan where it is confined to the arid river-valleys
in the southwestern part of the province. In Yunnan it is common and is one of
the handsomest trees found there. It grows from 15-20 m. tall, with a straight
trunk and medium sized branches which form a shapely oval or flattened head.
The leaves are coriaceous, shining and dark green; and the fruit is red and about the
size of an ordinary pea. In adult trees the shoots are commonly quite glabrous,
and specimens before us agree exactly with Collett & Hemsley's description of
P. coccinea and they themselves suspected it might prove identical with P. wein-
manniJoUa.

COTINUS Adans.

Cotinus coggygria Scopoli, Fl. Cam. ed. 2, I. 220 (1772).—
Engler in De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. IV. 350 (1883). — Diels in
Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 432 (1900). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk.

II. 146, fig. 97 a-g (1907).

Rh^is Cotinus Linnaeus, Spec. 267 (1753). — De Candolle, Prodr. II. 67
(1825). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 9 (1876). — Franchet in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Paris, s^r. 2, V. 230 {PI. David. I. 78) (1883). — Hemsley
in Jour. Ldnn. Soc. XXII. 146 (1886). — Pavolini in Nu^v. Giorn. Bot.
Ital. n. ser. XV. 409 (1908).

Rhus simplicifolia Salisbury, Prodr. 170 (1796).

Rhus obovatifolia Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. II. 159 (1812).

Rhus laevis WalUch apud G. Don, Gen. Syst. II. 69 (1832).

Cotinus Coccygea K. Koch, Dendr. I. 582 (1869).

Cotinus coggygria, a. laevis Engler in De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. IV. 350
(1883). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 416 (1910).

We have seen no Chinese specimens referable to the typical glabrous C. cog-
gygria Scopoli, and Pampanini's specimen probably belongs to the following form
which is fairly common all over the temperate parts of China.

Cotinus coggygria, var. pubescens Engler in Bot. Jahrb. I. 403
(1881); in De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. IV. 351 (1883). — Schneider,

III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 146 (1907).

Rhus Cotinus Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 110 (non Linnaeus)
(1890).

Western Hupeh: Ichang and the neighborhood, alt. 30-1300 m.,
common, April 1907 (No. 87; bush 1-2 m.); same locality, April 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 221); without locality, A. Henry (No. 1627).
Szech'uan: without locality, E. Faber (No. 114). Shensi: north-
west of Hanchung Fu 1010, W. Purdom (No. 364); " Huo-kia-zaez,"

176 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

July 16, 1897, G, Giraldi. Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D.
Macgregor.

Our specimens exliibit considerable variation in degree of pubescence; some
are very slightly hairy; others as No. 87 are densely so and approach the variety
velutina Engler. A colloquial name at Ichang for this shrub is " Lu-mu."

Here may be added a note on another Chinese variety not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Cotinus coggygria, var. cinerea Engler in Bot. Jahrb. I. 403 (1881); in De Can-
doUe, Monog. Phaner. IV. 351 (1883).

Shantung: Tsingtau, September 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 255). Chili: near
Peking, August 1865, S. W. Williams (Herb. Hance, No. 12008).

RHUS L.

Sect. I. SUMAC DC.

Rhus punjabensis Stewart in Brandis, For. Fl. Brit. Ind. 120
(1874). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 10 (1876). — Engler in De
CandoUe, Monog. Phaner. IV. 378 (1883). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 197
(1907).

The typical form has not yet been found in China.

Rhus punjabensis, var. sinica Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

Rhus sinica Dials in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 432 (1900).

Rhus punjabensis Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 485 (non Stewart)
(1911).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woodlands, alt.
1000-1600 m., July and September 1907 (No. 275; small tree 5-8 m.
tall, flowers whitish, fruit crimson); Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-
2000 m., June and July 1907 (Nos. 275*^, 3320; tree 6-10 m. tall,
flowers whitish); Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
July and December 1907 (No. 275*); tree 6-12 m. tall, girth 0.6-1 m.,
fruit crimson); without locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1177,
flowers only); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3157, 5529^).
Western Szech'uan : Washan, woods, alt. 1000-1600 m., July
1908 (No. 3317; tree 10 m. tall, girth 0.75 m., flowers white); south-
east of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m., June 1908 (No. 3318;
bush 2-4 m. tall); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4813);
without exact locality, alt. 600 m.. May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
3369); Nan-ch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (Nos. 1971, 1969).

This variety differs from the type chiefly in the slightly winged upper part of
the rhachis of the leaf, and in the usually fewer and more sessile leaflets. The

ANACAKDIACEAE. — RHUS 177

fruits agree exactly with those of R. punjabensis. In cultivated plants from four
to six years old the wing on the rhachis is very pronounced and continues down
its whole length. The differences, however, are not always obvious, but until
more is known of the distribution of these plants it is convenient to keep the Chinese
as a distinct variety.

This Sumach is abundant in the thickets and margins of woods in western
Hupeh and Szech'uan as a small tree with a short, relatively thick trunk covered
with dark grey, moderately smooth bark. The numerous branches are spreading
and form a flattened round head. In autmnn when laden with pendulous panicles
of dark red or crimson fruit this tree is very attractive.

Colloquially this tree is known as the " Hung-fu-yang " and the galls which
are produced on the leaves and at the ends of the young shoots are sometimes
distinguished as " Tu-pei-tzu," but more usually are called " Wu-pei-tzu," though
this name strictly speaking belongs to the galls produced on the leaves of Rhus
javanica Linnaeus.

A picture of Rhtis punjabensis, var. sinica will be found under Nos. 562 and
596 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western
China, Nos. 447, 449.

Rhus Potaninii Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 110 (1889).
— Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 432 (1900); XXXVI. Beibl. No.
LXXXII. 71 (1905). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
XVII. 416 (1910).

Rhus Henryi Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 432 (1900).

Rhus sinica Koehne in Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XIX. 102, fig. 5 (non
Diels) (1910). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 1022, fig. 603 (1912).

Western Szech'uan: west of Romi-chango, woods, alt. 2500-
3000 m., July 4, 1908 (No. 3319; tree 8 m. tall, flowers whitish);
Sintu Hsien, roadsides, alt. 600 m., May 18, 1908 (No. 3318=^; small
tree 3-6 m. tall) ; west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, woods, alt. 2000-
2600 m., July 1908 (No. 3317"*; tree 6 m. tall); Tsa-ku-lao, August,
A. von Rosthorn (No. 2554). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien,
A. Henry (No. 5529^). Western Hupeh: without locality, August
1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1177, fruit only) ; without locality, A. Henry
(Nos. 5529", 5903). Shensi : Tai-pei-shan, 1910, W. Purdom; " Thui-
kio-tsuen," September 25, 1897, G. Giraldi; " Monte Qua-in-san,"
July 16, 1897, G. Giraldi; "Monte kin-qua-san," July 10, 1897,
G. Giraldi.

This is a critical species very closely allied to R. punjabensis Stewart, from
which it is not easy to distinguish it in herbaria. Nevertheless from the behavior
of the living trees it is apparent that they are distinct species. In herbaria R.
Potaninii may be distinguished from R. punjabensis by its glabrous shoots, its
slightly larger flowers, its fewer and more glabrous leaflets which are distinctly
petiolulate and usually oblique at the base and by its unwinged leaf-rhachis.

In the woods of western Hupeh R. Potaninii is usually a tree of moderate size,

178 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

but occasionally specimens from 20-25 m. tall are met with. The bark is gray,
fissured and rather rough and the tree contains little or no poisonous sap. The
branches are moderately thick and form an oval or rounded head. Colloquially
this Sumach is known as the " Ching-fu-yang," while the galls which are often
produced on the leaf are called " Ch'i-pei-tzu " and are used as a medicine. A
picture of this tree will be found under No. 346 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 448.

The Sumach in cultivation as R. sinica is this species. On young plants the
leaflets are deeply toothed but on adult trees they are quite entire.

Rhus javanica Linnaeus, Spec. 265 (1753); ed. 2, 380 (1762).—
Osbeck, Daghok Ostind. Resa, 232 (1757); Reise Ostind. 302 (1765);
Voy. China East Ind. 1. 375 (1771).— Thunberg, Fl Jap. 121 (1784).
— Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 183 (1790).

Rhus chinense Osbeck, Daghok Ostind. Resa. 232 (1757); Reise Ostind. 302
(1765); Voy. China East Ind. I. 375 (1771). — Miller, Did. ed. 8 (1768).

Rhus semialata Murray in Comm. Soc. Goetting. VI. 27, t. 3 (1784). — Miquel
in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 84 (1866); Prol. Fl. Jap. 16 (1866). — Hemsley
in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 146 (1886). — Sargent in Garden & Forest,
VI. 163 (1893); For. Fl. Jap. 33 (1894). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 433
(1900). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 69
(FI. Kwangtung & Hongkong) (1912).

Rhus semialata, /3. Osbeckii De Candolle, Prodr. II. 67 (1825). — Franchet in
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 230 {PI. David. I. 78) (1883). — Engler
in De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. IV. 380 (1883). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For.
Jap. I. 96, t. 58, fig. 18-34 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital.
n. ser. XVII. 416 (1910); XVIII. 126 (1911).

Rhus Osbeckii Decaisne ex Steudel, Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, II. 452 (quasi
synon.) (1841). —Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 156, fig. 102 d
(1907).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., abundant, July 30, 1907
(No. 1694; bush 2-4 m.). Western Hupeh: north and south of
Ichang, thickets and cliffs, alt. 30-1000 m., abundant, August, Sep-
tember and December 1907 (No. 3321; small tree, 5-8 m. tall, flowers
white, fruit reddish-brown); Changyang Hsien, margins of woods,
alt. 600-1200 m., August 1907 (No. 3321 ='; small tree 5 m. tall, flowers
white); without locality, September 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1710);
Patung Hsien, A. Henry (No. 4890); " Monte Triora," alt. 1990 m.,
July 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1321); "Monte Tien-pong-scian," alt.
1990 m., October 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1323). North-central
China: Miao-wang-san, July 1899, Hugh Scallan. Western Sze-
ch'uan: Kiating Fu, thickets, alt. 300-1000 m., September 1908
(No. 3321''; small tree 3-8 m. tall, flowers white); Mt. Omei, August
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4812). Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains,
alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11034). Chekiang: vicinity of Ning-

ANACARDIACEAE. RHUS 179

po, 1908, D. Macgregor. Korea: Fusan, temple grounds, September
6, 1903, C. S. Sargent; Seoul, in gardens, September 1906, U. Faurie
(Nos. 486, 487); Quelpaert, September 1908, 1909, Taquet (Nos.
666, 2759).

This Sumach is abundant up to 1200 metres altitude everwhere in Hupeh
and Szcch'uan either in the form of a bush from 1-5 m. tall or as a small fiat-
topped tree from 6-8 m. high. The specimens from Mt. Omei and Yunnan have
the leaf-rhachis very narrowly winged and very closely approach the Indian
variety. Rhus javanica is the " Fu-yang shu " or Chinese Nut-gall tree. The
galls which develop on the leaves are a valued article of commerce and collo-
quially are known as " Wu-pei-tzu."

A picture of these galls will be found under No. 0349 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Here may be added a note on the Himalayan form of this species which has
been found in Formosa, though not in China proper.

Rhus javanica, var. Roxburghii, Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Rhus Buchi-amelam Roxburgh, Hort. Cat. Beng. 22 (nomen nudum) (1814).

Rhus amela D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 248 (1825).

Rhus semialata, y. Roxburgii De Candolle, Prodr. II. 67 (1825).

Rhus affinis WaUich, Cat. No. 995 (1828).

Rhus Roxburghii Decaisne ex Steudel, Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, II. 452 (quasi

synon.) (1841).
Rhus semialata Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 119 (1874); Ind. Trees, 197

(1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 10 (1876).
Rhus semialata, f. exalata Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XXXIII. 466

(nomen nudum) (1886); PI. Delavay. 148 (1889).

Formosa: Tamsui, 1864, R. Oldham (No. 87); Takow, common, A. Henry
(No. 348, in part); Bankinsing, A. Henry (No. 348, in part).

This plant also yields gall-nuts but they are more hairy than those of the species.
This variety differs from the t3rpe in having the upper part of the rhachis of the
leaf only very slightly or not at all winged. Most of the Indian specimens we
have seen are best referred to this variety though a few are like those from Yunnan
and Mt. Omei and quite intermediate in character. The size of the wing on the
rhachis of the leaf seems dependent on climate and latitude; the wings being more
strongly developed on trees growing farthest north.

Sect. II. TOXICODENDRON DC.
Rhus orientalis Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 151 (1907).

Rhus Toxicodendron, var. hispida Engler in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 433 (1900).
Toxicodendron orientate Greene, Leafi. Bot. Observ. I. 127 (1905).
Rhus intermedia Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sd. Tokyo, XXV. art. XIX. 73 {Fl.
Mont. Formosae) (1908).

Western Hupeh : Fang Hsien, rocky places and tree trunks, alt.
1300-2300 m., conmion, June and September 1907 (No. 284; climber
6 m. and more or when growing on rocks a bush 1-2 m. tall) ; without

180 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1128); without locality, A.
Henry (No. 6448). Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, on rocks, alt.
1600-2000 m., October 1908 (No. 284^; bush 1-2 m., fruit yellowish) ;
Mupin, rocky places, alt. 1600-2300 m., October 1910 (No. 4647;
bush 2 m.).

This plant is very common in rocky places throughout western Hupeh and
Szech'uan. The fruit is usually densely setose but this character varies some-
what; the leaves are dull green, not shining like those of the North American R.
Toxicodendron Linnaeus.

Rhus trichocarpa Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 84 (1866);
Prol. Fl. Jap. 16 (1866). — Engler in De Candolle, Monog. Phaner.
IV. 379 (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 148 (1886). —
Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 163 (1893); X. 384, fig. 49 (1897);
For. Fl. Jap. 34 (1894).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., common, July 31, 1907
(No. 1691; bush 2-4 m. tall). Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien,
woods, alt. 1000-1500 m., June 1907 (No. 3316; thin tree, 6 m. tall);
without locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 194). Fokien:
without precise locality, April to June 1905, Dunn's Exped. (Herb.
Bot. Gard. Hongkong, No. 2825). Korea: Fusan, May 1906, U.
Faurie (No. 484).

This ornamental species is common on the Lushan range in Kiangsi, but is
very rare in western Hupeh which is the western hmit of its distribution. It occurs
in the thickets and margins of woods usually as a large bush and less commonly
as a slender tree from 6 to 8 m. tall. The leaves are reddish when young and as-
sume brilUant tints in autumn.

Engler (in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 433) states that he regards R. trichocarpa Miquel
as a hairy-fruited variety of R. vernicifera De Candolle. But the dehiscent drupe
and the absence of poisonous, varnish yielding sap, as well as other characters,
make it abundantly distinct from De CandoUe's species.

Rhus sylvestris Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt.
III. 140 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 32) (1846). — Miquel in Ann. Mus.
Lugd.-Bat. II. 84 (1866); Prol. Fl. 16 (1866). —Engler in De Can-
dolle, Monog. Phaner. IV. 396 (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXIII. 147 (1886).— Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 433 (1900).—
Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 97, t. 58, fig. 1-17 (1900).

Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1000 m., common, August 1, 1907
(No. 1687; bush 1.5-2.5 m.). Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien,
woodlands, alt. 1000-1300 m., May and September 1907 (No. 160;
slender tree 6-10 m. tall, flowers white); Patung Hsien, woodlands,

ANACARDIACEAE. — RHUS 181

alt. 1000 m., May 1907 (No. i6o^; thin tree 6-10 m. tall); without
locaHty, A. Henry (No. 6349). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo,
1908, D. Macgregor; " Tang-si," June 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 443).
Fokien: without precise locality, April to June 1905, Dunn's
Exped. (Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong, Nos. 2525, 2528). Korea:
Fusan, temple grounds, September 6, 1903, C. S. Sargent; Quel-
paert, October 1906, U. Faurie (No. 485); same locality. May
1908, June 1909, 1910, Taquet (Nos. 667, 3120, 4173); Korean archi-
pelago, 1863, R. Oldham (No. 187) ; Tsu-sima Island, 1859, C. Wilford.

This Sumach is common on the Lushan mountains in Kiangsi, but is rare in
western Hupeh where the western limit of the range of the species is found.
Usually it is a large bush but it often forms a slender tree; the number of leaflets
which have very prominent veins varies from 3 to 13. This species does not yield
varnish and has no economic value as far as we know.

Rhus vemiciflua Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. II. 164 (1812) .^

Rhus Vernix Linnaeus, Spec. 265 (1753), quoad specimina japonica. —
Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 121 (1784).

Rhus vernicifera De Candolle, Prodr. II. 68 (1825), excludendis specimini-
bus nepalensibus. — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 84 (1866); Prol.
Fl. Jap. 16 (1866). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XX. 259 (1882). — Engler in
De Candolle, MoTiogf. Phaner. IV. 398 (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn.
Soc. XXIII. 148 (1886). — Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 110
(1889). — Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 162 (1893); For. Fl. Jap. 33
(1894). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 94, t. 57, fig. 17-30 (1900). —
Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 433 (1900). — De Wildeman, Icon. Hort.
Thenens. VI. 1, t. 201 (1906).

Rhus Kaempferi Sweet, Hort. Brit. 97 (1827).

Rhus succedanea, var. himalaica Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 12 (1876).

Rhus vernicifera, var. Silvestrii Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
XVII. 416 (1910); XVIII. 173 (1911).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, mountain slopes
and valleys, wild and cultivated, alt. 1000-2500 m., June and Sep-
tember 1907 (No. 123, in part; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 0.6-2 m.) ; Hsing-
shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-2500 m., abundant, June 4 and
September 1907 (No. 123, in part; tree 6-15 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.,
flowers greenish-white); Changyang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-
2500 m., abundant, June 1907 (No. 123, in part; tree 10-16 m., girth
1-2 m.); Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2500 m., June 1907 (No.
123, in part; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Patung Hsien, wood-

1 First mentioned by Kaempfer {Amoen. Exot. 791, t. 792 [1712]) as "Sitz"
or " UrilB."

182 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

lands, alt. 1300-2500 m., July 1907 (No. 3314; tree 8 m. tall, girth
1 m.) ; Fang Hsien; woodlands, alt. 1600-2000 m., May 23, September
1907 (No. 259; tree 10-15 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); without locality,
June and September (Veitch Exped. No. 994); without locality, A.
Henry (Nos. 5899, 5899% 6035% 314); " Ma-pan-scian " alt. 1000 m..
May 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 3353). Western Szech'uan: west of
'Kuan Hsien, valley of Pan-lan-shan, wild and cultivated, alt. 2300-
2600 m., June 19, 1908 (No. 3315, in part; tree 5-10 m. tall, girth
0.6-1.5 m., flowers white); west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, alt.
2300-2600 m., July 1908 (No. 3315, in part; tree 6-15 m., girth
1-2 m.); Nan-ch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2283). Shensi : Tai-pei-
shan, 1910, W. Purdom.

India : temperate Himalaya, alt. 1000-2000 m., Serahan to Tranda,
September 1874, T. Thomson (in Herb. Gray).

This is the Chinese Lacquer-varnish tree and it is one of the most common
trees on the mountains of western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan, being abundant
in the woods and thickets; it is also generally planted round the margins of fields.
In western Szech'uan it is much less abundant. The trees are from 15-20 m. tall,
with a trunk girth of from 1 to 2 m.; the bark is pale gray and smooth on
young trees, becoming dark gray, rough and irregularly fissured with age. The
habit is loosely pyramidal and the branches are more or less whorled. The sap-wood
is white and the heart-wood yellow; the wood has no value except for fuel. The
leaves vary from 25-75 cm. in length and may be denselj^ pubescent on the un-
der side or virtually glabrous. The rhachis is equally variable in degree of pubes-
cence. The fruit is indehiscent, shining straw-yellow, from 5 to 8 mm. long and
broad; it is rich in fatty oil which is expressed and used by the peasants for
making candles and for adulterating Tung-oil, the product of the seeds of Aleurites
Fordii Hemsley.^

The Indian specimens are identical with the Chinese and it is curious that they
should have been considered as a variety of R. succedanea Linnaeus. The char-
acters on which Pampanini bases his variety are not constant and do not hold
good even on one of the specimens he cites.

The vernacular name for this tree is " Che shu," the varnish is " Che " or
" Ch'i," and the oil from the fruit " Che-yu."

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 372, 505, 572 and 070 of the col-
lection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos.
450, 451 and 452.

Rhus succedanea Linnaeus, Mant. 221 (1771).2 — Thunberg, Fl
Jap. 122 (1784). — De Candolle, Prodr. II. 68 (1825). — Wight,
Icon. II. t. 560 (1843). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 69 (1861). — Hooker

1 For an account of the tapping of the trees for varnish see Wilson, A naturalist
in Western China, II. 68 (1913).

2 First described and figured by Kaempfer as " Fasi no ki " {Amoen. Exot. 794, t.
[1712]).

ANACARDIACEAE. RHUS 183

f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 12 (1876). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Paris, s^r. 2, V. 231 {PI. David. I. 79) (1883). — Hemsley in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 147 (1886). — Franchet, PI. Delavay. 148
(1889). — Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 163 (1893); For. Fl. Jap.
34 (1894). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 433 (1900). — Shirasawa,
Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 95, t. 57, fig. 1-16 (1900). — Brandis, Ind.
Trees, 199 (1906).

Rhus fraxinifolium Salisbury, Prodr. 169 (1796).
Rhus pubigera Blume, Bijdr. 1165 (1825).

Connarus? juglandifolius Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 179 (1833).
Rhus succedanea, a. japonica Engler in De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. IV.
399 (1883).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, roadside, alt. 800 m., October
1910 (No. 4425; tree 12 m. tall, girth 1 m.); Hsing-shan Hsien, wood-
lands, alt. 1000-1200 m., local, October 1907 (No. 453 ; tree 10 m. tall,
girth 1.5 m.); without locahty, A. Henry (No. 7578). Western
Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4811).
Yunnan: Szemao, mountains, alt. 1500-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos.
11690% 11955, 11955^^). Hongkong: Happy Valley woods, No-
vember 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent. Formosa: Bankinsing, mountains,
A. Henry (No. 62); " Okaseki " mountains, June 1903, U. Faurie
(No. 33).

This is a rare tree in western Hupeh and Szech'uan where it grows only at low
altitudes. It yields no varnish and in western China the fatty oil is not extracted
from the fruit as it is in Japan. The bark is gray, rather thin and irregularly
fissured. The tree is shapely in habit and its glossy, rather coriaceous leaves in
autumn assume a very fine color.

From the description, native name and distribution it is highly probable that
Augia sinensis Loureiro {Fl. Cochin. 337 [1790]) belongs here. Rhus succedanea
has been mistaken by some of the older authors for the true Varnish tree, R. ver-
nicifiua Stokes.

Rhus Delavayi Franchet in Bidl. Soc. Bot. France, XXXIII. 466
(1886); PI. Delavay. 148 (1889); Schneider, III. Handh. Lauhholzk.
II. 153, fig. 100 c (1907).

Western Szech'uan: Tung-chuan Fu, roadside, alt. 600 m.,
July 1910 (No. 4648; bush 1 m.). Yunnan: Mengtze, grassy hills,
alt. 1600 m.,A. Henry (No. 10283).

This is a rather variable species; our specimen agrees very well with Franchet's
description except that the inflorescence is rather longer. In Henry's specimen
the leaves are larger than Franchet's measurements and the panicle also is much
longer.

184 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Rhus Delavayi, var. quinquejuga, Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis 2-5-jugis, rarius pluri-jugis cum petiolo 12-18
cm. longis, foliolis basi manifests obliquis 2-7 cm. longis initio utrin-
que sparse adpresse pilosulis mox glabris.

Western Szech'uan: south-east of Tachien-lu, woodlands, alt.
1600 m., October 1908 (No. 1260, type; small tree 6 m. tall); valley
of Tung river, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3372).

This variety is rather local and is well distinguished from the type in the char-
acters mentioned above. The relationship between this plant and R. succedanea
Linnaeus is evidently very close but the latter has rather different flowers, larger
panicles and larger, more coriaceous leaves. The rather large petals with promi-
nent dark pinnate veins and the nearly white sepals are characteristic of R. De-
lavayi Franchet, and its variety.

Here may be added a note on a species not collected during the Arnold Arbore-
tum Expeditions.

Rhus paniculata Wallich, Cat. No. 993 (nomen nudum) (1828). — Hooker f.,
Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 10 (1876). — Engler in De Candolle Monog. Phaner. V. 421
(1883).

Yunnan : Shih Ping, ravine, alt. 1150 m., A. Henry (No. 11578; tree 5 m. tall);
Yuan-chiang, alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 11578^; bush 2 m.).

In China this plant has been previously recorded only from the extreme south-
western corner of Yunnan.

s/

STAPHYLEACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

STAPHYLEA L.

Staphylea Bumalda De Candolle, Frodr. II. 2 (1825). — Siebold &
Zuccarini, Fl. Ja-p. I. 180, t. 95 (1835). — Miquel in Ann. Mus.
Lugd.-Bat. III. 93 (1867); Prol Fl. Jap. 257 (1867). — Franchet &
Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 90 (1875). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX.
447 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. 112, t. 40, fig.
14-27 (1908).— Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 421
(1910).

Bumalda trifoUata Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. Bot. I. 514 (1783).
Bumalda trijolia Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 114 (1784).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1000-
1300 m., May 6, September 1907 (No. 290; bush 1-2.5 m., flowers
white, fragrant); Changyang Hsien, May and August 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 326); without locaHty, A. Henry (Nos. 1241, 5948,
5948''); " Ma-pan-scian " alt. 1000 m.. May 1907, C. Silvestri (No.
1368). Chekiang: Ningpo, mountains, 1888, E. Faber (No. 92).
Korea: "in monte des diamants," June 1906, U. Faurie (No. 478);
Quelpaert, woods, July 1908, June 1909, May 1910, Taquet (Nos.
1514, 2934, 4351).

In western Hupeh this shrub is not uncommon in thickets along streams and
does not differ from the plant which occurs in Japan.

Staphylea holocarpa Hemsley in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1895,
15. — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 447 (1900). — Schneider, ///.
Handb. Laubholzk. II. 189, fig. 120 c (1907). — Bean in Kew Bull.
Misc. Inform. 1910, 175.

Staphylea Emodi Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI. Beibl. No. LXXXII. 73 (non
Wallich) (1905).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m..
May and September 1907 (Nos. iii, 122"; bush 2.5-8 m., flowers

185

186 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

white) ; Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600-2300 m., common, May
and October 1907 (No. 122^; small tree, 8 m. tall, flowers white,
fragrant); same locality, woodlands, alt. 1600-2500 m., common. May
11, 1907 (No. 185''; bush or small tree, 3-6 m. tall, flowers blush-
pink); Changyang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1600-2000 m., May 1907
(No. 122*'; bush or small tree 3-6 m., flowers pale pink); without
locality, April and September 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 14); without
locality, A. Henry (Nos. 4536, 5468, 7651^ 5751% 7651). Eastern
Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 5751, 5683). Shensi:
north-west of Hanchung Hsien, 1901, W. Purdom (Nos. 3161, 316);
north-west of Hanchung Hsien, Moutan-shan, alt. 1500 m., 1910,
W. Purdom (No. 365); Tai-pai-shan, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 446);
" Lao-y-san," June 4, 1897, G. Giraldi; " Qua-in-san," July 16, 1897,
G. Giraldi; " M. Kin-tou-san," July 14, 1897, G. Giraldi.

Very common on the margins of woods and thickets in western Hupeh and
eastern Szech'uan and the most beautiful species of the genus. Though usually
a large bush it very often forms a shapely tree from 8 to 10 m. tall, with a slender
trunk clothed with smooth, grayish bark. The flowers are pure white or pale pink,
relatively large and are borne in pendulous cymose clusters from the leaf axils of
the naked shoots of the previous season and usually open before the leaves unfold.
Occasionally the cymes are subtended by 1 or 2 pairs of leaves and sometimes the
leaves unfold almost simultaneously with the opening of the flowers. The in-
florescence varies in length from 4-10 cm.; the leaflets also are somewhat variable
in size and shape. The capsule is usually pyriform and abruptly acuminate when
perfectly ripe, but the shape varies and is dependent upon the degree of coherence
of the styles which often differs in the same inflorescence. The upper part of the
ovary and the basal part of the style are villose.

This species is closely related to S. Emodi Wallich, which has larger, more
membranous leaves, longer petioles, an inflorescence terminal on the leafy shoot of
the season, developing with and after the leaves as in S. pinnata Linnaeus, a
glabrous pistil, and yellow-brown seeds which are twice the size of the grayish-
brown seeds of S. holocarpa.

Staphylea holocarpa, var. rosea Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliolis subtus initio tomento albido villoso obtectis
demum secus basin costae tantum albido-villosis, foliis rarissime
bijugis, floribus roseis 1-1.5 cm. longis.

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, margins of woods, alt. 1600-
2500 m., May 20, September 1907 (No. 185, type; tree 6 m. tall,
flowers rosy-pink); Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600-2500 m.,
August 1907 (No. 185^; bush or small tree 3-6 m.); same locality, alt.
2600 m.. May and September 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1860); Chang-
yang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1600-2300 m., September 1907 (No.
122; bush or small tree, 3-8 m. tall). Western Szech'uan: Wa-

STAPHYLEACEAE. — EUSCAPHIS 187

shan, rare, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3358; tree 10 m. tall).
Yunnan: Mengtze forests, alt. 2300 m., A. Henry (No. 10220").

This handsome plant is common in western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan but
is rare in western Szech'uan. It is easily distinguished from the type by the char-
acters given above. Occasionally the leaves are pinnately 5-foliolate. The speci-
men from Yunnan is less hairy and perhaps should be referred to the type of the
species. The Wa-shan form has exceptionally large flowers and seeds.

TURPINIA Vent.

Turpinia nepalensis Wallich, Cat. No. 4277 (nomen nudum)
(1830), excludendo synonymo. — Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind.
156 (1834). — Wight, Icon. III. t. 972 (1843-50). —Bentham, Fl.
Hongk. 48 (1861). — Beddome, Fl. Sylv. S. Ind. I. t. 159 (1869).

Turpinia microcarpa Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. 156 (1834).

Turpinia pomifera, /3. {T. nepalensis) Hiern in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 699

(1875).
Turpinia pomifera Hemsley in Jour. lAnn. Sac. XXIII. 143 (non De Candolle)

(1886). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 40, fig. 1-13 (1908).—

Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 67 (Fl. Kwang-

tung & Hongkong) (1912).

Western Szech'uan: Hungya Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000 m.,
September 8, 1908 (No. 2351; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.); Mt. Omei,
alt. 800 m., October 1903, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3359, 4803).
Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1300-2000 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11612,
11612% 11612b, 11612^ 11612", 11612', 11612', 11612^ 11612*,
12039, 12039^ 12039'); Feng-^hen-lin, mountains, alt. 2000 m., A.
Henry (No. 10694). Hongkong : April 24, 1893, C. Ford; C. Wright
(No. 90); Champion (No. 74). Liu-kiu Islands: C. Wright.

This tree which is of medium size and has tough wood occurs sparingly on Mt.
Omei and in its neighborhood. In Yunnan it is apparently common. It seems
to differ from T. pomifera De Candolle only in its much smaller fruits and ciliolate
petals and is possibly onlj^ a variety of that species.

EUSCAPHIS Sieb. & Zucc.

Euscaphis japonica Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 480, fig. 229
(1892). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 448 (1910). — Pampanini in
Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 421 (1910).

Sambucus japonica Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 125 (1784).

Euscaphis staphyleoides Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 124, t. 67 (1835).—
Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 92 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 256 (1867). —
Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 91 (1875). — Hance in Jour.

188 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Bot. XVIII. 260 (1880); XX, 4 (1882). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Paris, s4r. 2, V. 230 {PI. David. I. 78) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn.
Soc. XXIII. 148 (1886). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 112, t. 70
(1900).— Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 187, fig. 121 c-e, 122 d
(1907).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July 29, 1907 (No. I577;
bush 1-2 m., fruit scarlet). Western Hupeh: north and south of
Ichang, thickets, alt. 300-1000 m., abundant, June 4, August and
September 1907 (No. 114, in part; bush 2-3 m., flowers greenish-
white, fruit reddish, seed black); Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000 m.,
June 1907 (No. 114, in part; bush 2-4 m., flowers greenish-white);
same locality, June and August 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 453) ; Nanto
and mountains to northward, A. Henry (No. 1912); without locality,
A. Henry (No. 844, 5767"). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien,
A. Henry (No. 5767). Western Szech'uan : Mt. Omei, June 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 4804) ; without precise locality, alt. 1300-2300 m..
May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.- 3357). Chekiang : vicinity of Ning-
po, 1908, D. Macgregor. Fokien: without locality, Dunn's Exped.,
April and June 1905 (Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong, No. 2773).
Korea: Fusan, temple grounds, September 6, 1903, C. S. Sargent;
Quelpaert, October 1906, June 1907, U. Faurie (Nos. 447, 1604);
same locality, May 1908, July 1909, June 1910, Taquet (Nos. 664,
2932, 4172).

A very common shrub in western Hupeh and Szech'uan where it is colloquially
known as the " Hung-liang " and where the fruit is used as a drug.

TAPISCIA Oliv.

Tapiscia sinensis Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XX. t. 1928 (1890). —
Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 448 (1900). — Bean in Kew Bull. Misc.
Inform. 1909, 356, fig. — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 1026,
fig. 607 (1912).

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 600-1150 m.,
July and September 1907 (No. 108, in part; tree 8-13 m. tall, girth
0.6-1.5 m., flowers yellow, fragrant, fruit black); Hsing-shan Hsien,
woods, alt. 1000 m., July 1907 (No. 108, in part; tree 6-13 m. tall,
flowers yellow); Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1000 m., August 1907
(No. 108, in part; tree 8-13 m. tall, fruit black) ; without locality, July
1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2194). Western Szech'uan: Mupin,
woodlands, alt. 1000-1300 m., June and September 1908 (No. 108'';

STAPHYLEACEAE. — TAPISCIA 189

\

tree 16-30 m. tall, girth 2.5-4 m., flowers yellow). Mt. Omei-, alt.
500-1600 m., common, Jmie 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3362); \vithout
locality, A. Henry (No. 8990). Yunnan: Szemao, alt. 1600 m., A.
Henry (No. 13151).

This monotypic genus is rather rare in western Hupeh where it occurs in moist
woods and is seldom more than from 12 to 15 m. tall. In western Szech'uan and
especially round Mt. Omei, it is common and large trees occur. Under the most
favorable conditions it grows from 25 to 30 m. tall with a trunk from 0.6-1 m. in
diameter and bare of branches for a considerable height; the branches are stout,
spreading and form a flattened head of moderate size; the bark is light gray,
slightly fissured and fairly smooth; the wood is white, soft and useless. The
flowers are minute, yellow, with a pleasant honey-like fragrance and are borne in
fairly large axillary panicles. The ripe fruit is black, subglobose and when young
is often attacked by gall-insects. The pinnate leaves turn yellow in the autumn.
In herbaria the specimens of this tree suggest a pinnate-leaved species of Am-
pelopsis.

In Hupeh a colloquial name for this tree is " Yin-ch'iao shu " sometimes abbre-
viated to " Yin-chi shu." A picture of this tree will be found under No. 325 of
the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China,
No. 482.

ICACINACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

MAPPIA Jacq.

Mappia pittosporoides Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XVIII. t. 1762
(1888). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 447 (1900).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 600-1000 m.,
May 9, July 1907 (No. 3296, in part; bush 1.5-2 m., flowers yellow,
with unpleasant odor); Changlo Hsien, cliffs, alt. 600-1000 m., May
and July 1907 (No. 3296, in part; bush 1.5-2 m., flowers yellow, fruit
dark red); Ichang and immediate neighborhood, A. Henry (Nos.
3536, 4118, 3537»). Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt.
1500, June 1908 (No. 3295, in part; bush 0.6-2 m., flowers yellowish);
Mupin, thickets, alt. 1300 m., June 1908 (No. 3295, in part; bush 1-
3 m., flowers yellow); without precise locality, thickets, alt. 500-
1000 m., June 1903, May and June 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3234,
4440, 4945).

A common shrub in western Hupeh and Szech'uan in thickets and rocky places.

HOSIEA Hemsl. & Wils.

Hosiea sinensis Hemsley & Wilson in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform.
1906, 154.

Natsiatum sinense Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XIX. t. 1900 (1889). — Diels in
Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 447 (1900).

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, on rocks, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
May and September 1908 (No. 960; climber 2-3 m., flowers whitish,
fruit orange). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry
(Nos. 5598, 5598'). Western Hupeh : Fang Hsien, rocks, alt. 600-
1300 m., May 19, 1907 (No. 960^); without locality, A. Henry (No.
5598b).

This plant is not uncommon in rocky places through western Hupeh and
Szech'uan; the flattened and oval, orange-colored fruit is attractive.

190

SAPINDACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

SAPINDUS L.

Sapindus mukorossi Gaertner, FrucL I. 342, t. 70 (1788). — De
Candolle, Prodr. I. 609 (1824). — Bretschneider, Early Res. 144
(1881). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 139 (1886). — Shira-
sawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 114, t. 71, fig. 1-15 (1900). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 66 {Fl. Kwangtung
& Hongkong) (1912).

Sapindus dbruptus Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 233 (1790).

Western Hupeh : neighborhood of Ichang, roadsides, alt. 30-
1000 m., May, June and December 1907 (No. 759; tree 10-25 m.
tall, girth 1-5 m., flowers white, bark gray); same locality, A. Henry
(Nos. 1032, 1652, 6367). Formosa: Takow, A. Henry, Bankin-
sing, A. Henry (No. 552); '' Mamyama," June 1903, U. Faurie (No.
32). Hainan: without locality, A. Henry (No. 7958). Korea:
Quelpaert, July 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1606) ; same locality, June 1909,
August 1908 and September 1907, Taquet (Nos. 2746, 660, 4).

This is one of the noblest of Chinese trees and is common in the warmer parts
of the Yangtsze Valley. It grows to a large size and has a wide-spreading head of
massive branches, a smooth, gray bark and bright green leaves. The colloquial
name is " Hon-erh-tsao " but in Chinese books it is usually referred to as the
" Wu-liuan-tzu." The saponaceous fruit is used as soap and the seeds are made
into rosaries and beads. The pale yellowish white wood is used for making combs
and for other purposes. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 72, 403,
596, 0165 and 0232 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vege-
tation of Wester?i China, Nos. 465 and 466.

KOELREUTERIA Laxm.
Koelreuteria apiculata Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Koelreuteria paniculata Dials & Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 450 (non Lax-
mann) (1900).

Arbor 3-12-metralis, trunco 0.3-1 m. circuitu, coma densa lata
applanata, cortice obscure griseo irregulariter fisso scabro; ramuli

191

192 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

leviter striati, initio puberuli, mox glabrescentes, lenticellis puncti-
formibus conspersi; gemmae subglobosae, perulis 2 valvatis fuscis
extus glabris intus dense tomentosis obtectae. Folia bipinnata, 5-
8-juga, cum petiolo 18-35 cm. longa; pinnae plerumque suboppositae
infimis et sununis exceptispinnatae, 1-4-jugae, foliolis ovatis v. ovato-
oblongis sessilibus v. fere sessilibus, acutis v. breviter acuminatis
basi truncatis v. late cmieatis irregulariter duplo inciso-serratis 1.5-
3 cm. longis, supra glabris venis pilosulis exceptis, subtus pallidioribus
ad venas tantum sparse villosis, foliolis terminalibus pinnarum
multo majoribus acuminatis basin versus pinnatisectis, pinnae in-
fimae et summae plerumque indivisae inaequaliter et dupliciter inciso-
serratae et basin versus plerumque inciso-lobatae, acuminatae, basi
saepe subcordatae; petioli 3.5-5 cm. longi, ut rhachis fere cylindrici
supra canaliculati et puberuli, basi dilatati. Flores polygamo-dioeci,
aurei, in paniculis terminalibus erectis multifloris 15-25 cm. longis
V. ultra et 12-20 cm. latis dispositi; rhachis striata et ramuli basi
glabrescentia apicem versus villosula; bracteae lanceolatae, acutae,
pubescentes, 2-3 nun. longae, deciduae; pedicelli 3-6 nun. longi,
villosuli, apice glabrescentes; sepala 5, paullo inaequalia, concava,
orbicularia v. ovalia, 2-2.5 mm. longa, eroso-ciliata v. lacera; petala
sursum curvata, anguste oblonga, obtusa, 8-9 mm. longa et 2-3 mm.
lata, auriculata, supra unguiculum dense villosum 2 mm. longum;
stamina 8, in floribus masculis 8-9 mm. longa, in femineis 4-5 mm.
longa, filamentis curvatis subulatis v. filiformibus, pilosis, antheris
ovalibus apice truncatis margine sparse villosis; pistillum circiter 6
mm. longum, sparse pubescens in stylum curvatum attenuatum,
stigmate simplice v. obsolete bifido. Capsula ovato-oblonga, basi
rotundata v. subcordata, apice obtusa v. rotundata, apiculata, 5-6
cm. longa et 3-3.5 cm. lata; semina globoso-obovoidea, punctulata,
nitida, atrobrunnea, circiter 7 mm. longa.

Western Szech'uan: northeast of Tachien-lu, dry valleys near
Romi-chango, alt. 2300-2600 m., June 28 and September 1908 (No.
2370, type) ; without locality, July and September 1904 (Veitch Exped.
No. 3364); Wei-kuan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2523).

This new species is most closely allied to K. paniculata Laxmann which is
readily distinguished by its often simply pinnate leaves, much broader less coarsely
incised leaflets with less acute teeth, by its ovate or oblong-ovate, acute sepals,
its smaller petals and chiefly by its sharply pointed fruit with acute or acuminate
valves.

Koelreuteria apiculata Rehder & Wilson is common in the hot, dry, ahnost
desert-like river valleys of western Szech'uan. It ia a rather low tree with wide-

SAPINDACEAE. — EUPHORIA 193

spreading head and a relatively thick trunk. The flowers are sometimes used as
a yellow dye in the same way as those of Sophora japonica Linnaeus. Colloquially
both trees are spoken of as the " Huai shu." Pictures of this Koelreuteria will be
found under Nos. 151 and 261 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also
in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 277 and 278.

Here may be added a note on another Chinese species not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Koelreuteria bipinnata Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XXXIII. 463
(1886); PI. Delavay. 143, t. 29, 30 (1889). — Diels & Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX.
450 (1900).

Western Hup eh: without locality, August and November 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1609); without locality, A. Henry (No. 7591). Yunnan: Mengtze,
mountains, alt. 1800-2300 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9103, 9099).

This tree is rare in Hupeh and Szech'uan where it is confined to low altitudes
in the dry river valleys. It is a rather tall tree with a slender trunk and rather
thin wide-spreading branches. It is common on the plateaux of Yunnan where it
grows to a considerable size.

Here may be added an account of Euphoria longana Lamarck of which a photo-
graph was taken during the Arnold Arboretum Expedition, but no specimens
collected.

EUPHORIA Comm.

Euphoria longana Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. III. 574 (1789). — DeCandolle,
Prodr. I. 611 (1824). — Radlkofer in Act. Congr. Intern. Bot. Amsterdam, 75
(Sapind. Holl. Ind. 6) (1878); Sitzher. Math. Phys. CI. Bayer. Akad. Wiss.
1878, p. 308; in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abt. V. 329 (1895).

Dimocarpus Longan Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 233 (1790).

Dimocarpus longus Dietrich ex Steudel, Nomencl. Bot. 328 (quasi synon.)

(1821).
Dimocarpus Longan in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. II. 400, t. 28 (1822).
Dimocarpus pupilla Moore, Cat. PI. Ceylon. 31 (nomen nudum) (1824).
Nephelium longana Cambessedes in Mem. Mus. Hist. Paris, XVIII. 30 (1829) . —

Hiern in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 688 (1875). — Hemsley in Jorir. Linn.

Soc. XXIII. 139 (1886). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 192 (1906). — Dunn &

Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 66 (Fl. Kwangtung &

Hongkong (1912).
Nephelium Bengalense G. Don, Gen. Syst. I. 670 (1831).
Nephelium longanum G. Don, Gen. Syst. I. 670 (1831).
Scytalia Bengalensis Roxburgh ex G. Don, Geii. Sijst. I. 670 (quasi synon.)

(1831).
Scytalia Longan Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, II. 270 (1832).
Euphoria Longan Wallich, Cat. No. 8049 (1832). — Lindley in Bot. Reg. XX.

t. 1729 (1835).
Euphoria undulata Heyne ex WaUich, Cat. sub. No. 8049 (quasi synon.)

(1832).
Sapijidus monogyna, Hejme ex Wallich, Cat. sub. No. 8049 (quasi synon.)

(1832).
" Cupania canescensf " Wallich Cat., No. 8067* (nomen nudum) (1832).
Sapindus Benghalensis Roxburgh ex Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. 113

(quasi synon.) (1834).

194 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Dimocarpus undulatus Wight ex Wight & Amott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. 113 (quasi

synon.) (1834).
Nephelium pupillum Wight, III. I. 141 (1840).
Euphoria pupillum Steudel, Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, II. 192 (1841).
Nephelium longan Hooker in Bot. Mag. LXX. t. 4096 (1844).
Nephelium Mora Gardner ex Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeyl. 58 (quasi synon.)

(1864).
Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz in Jour. As. Sac. Beng. XL. 50 (1871).

Western Szech'uan:Lu Chou, vicinity of Yangtsze River, cultivated, May
1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3360; tree 5-8 m. tall). Kwangtung: Hainan, A.
Henry (No. 7960). Formosa: Takow, common, wild on the cliffs, A. Henry;
cultivated, June 30, 1903, U. Faurie (No. 28).

This fruit tree is sparingly cultivated in the warmer parts of Szech'uan west of
Chungking Fu. A picture of this tree will be found under Nos. 46 and 661 of the
collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China,
Nos. 317 and 318.

SABIACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.
SABIA Colebr.

Sabia Ritchieae Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, 2-metralis; ramuli annotini glabri v. initio
sparse puberuli, hornotini luteo-virides, fuscescentes, vetustiores
obscure fusci; gemmae perulis ovatis acuminatis glabris minute
ciliolatis. Folia decidua (nondum plane evoluta), elliptico-ovata v.
oblongo-elliptica, acuminata, basi late cuneata, margine scariosa
initio minute ciliolata, supra initio ad costam sparse puberula, cete-
rum glabra. Flores subpraecoces, axillares, solitarii, obscure pur-
purei, penduli; pedicelli 1.2-1.5 cm. longi, puberuli; sepala minuta,
vix 1 mm. longa,semiorbicularia, glabra; petala erecta, caduca, obovata,
apice rotundata, circiter 7 mm. longa; stamina petalis paullo breviora
filamentis complanatis glabris, antheris ovoideis introrsis; discus
annularis, glaber; pistillum petala aequans, glabrum, stigmate simplice.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, mountain-sides and grass-
clad places, alt. 1000-1200 m.. May 1907 (No. 2533).

This new species is closely related to S. leptandra Hooker f . & Thomson which
has purplish green flowers with exserted stamens and beautifully reticulated leaves.
It must also be closely related to S. Cavaleriei Leveill^, which we have not seen
but which is described with oblong leaves, tomentulose peduncles and yellow
petals.

Henry's No. 6780 from Hupeh probably belongs here. The specimen is in ripe
fruit and has sub-coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, abruptly acuminate leaves
broadly cuneate at the base, glabrous and dark green above, pale below, 5-8
cm. long and 2.3-4 cm. broad, the primary and secondary veins and the veinlets
prominent on the under surface.

Sabia Ritchieae is named for the wife of Mr. W. W. Ritchie, Postal commis-
sioner at Chengtu in 1910, in appreciation of kindly services to me during the
autumn of that year. E. H. W.

Sabia latifolia Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, 2-3-metralis; ramuli hornotini sparse villosi,
annotini glabri, luteo-virides, rarius purpurascentes, vetustiores lenti-

195

196 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

cellati, fusci v. grisei; gemmae parvae, aciitae, perulis late triangu-
laribus acutis extus puberulis ciliolatis, persistentibus. Folia mem-
branacea, elliptico-oblonga v.elliptica,rarms elliptico-obovata, breviter
acuminata, basi cuneata, rarius rotundata, margine leviter scariosa
et interdum minute undulato-erosa, 5-14 cm, longa et 2-7 cm. lata,
supra obscure luteo-viridia, glabra, subtus pallide v. cinereo-viridia,
reticulata, ad venas sparse pilosa, nervis utrinsecus 5-6, sub angulo
acuto divergentibus; petioli sparse villosi, 6-15 mm. longi. Flores
fusco-virides, in cymis axillaribus plerumque 3-floris, rarius 4-5-
floris; pedunculi 1.5-2 cm. longi, sparsissime villosuli; pedicelli 4-8
mm. longi, apicem versus incrassati, sparse villosuli; bracteae minutae,
caducae; sepala semiorbicularia, rarius late ovata et acutiuscula,
margine scariosa; petala suberecta, anguste ovalia v. obovata, apice
rotundata, rarissime acutiuscula, plerumque minute ciliolata, circiter
6 mm. longa; stamina petalis paullo breviora, filamentis basi dilatatis,
antheris ovalibus introrsis; discus leviter tumidus, glaber; pistillum
staminibus paullo longius, sparse villosulum, stigmate minuto sim-
plice. Mericarpia coerulea, compressa, subreniformia, reticulato-
rugosa, 6-8 mm. longa et lata.

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1600-2000 m.,
June and August 1908 (No. SiS, type); same locality, alt, 1300 m.,
June 1908 (No. 2530); southeast of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2500
m., June 1908 (No. 2531).

A very distinct plant not closely related to any described species and readily
distinguished by the spreading villose hairs on the veins of the under surface of
the comparatively broad leaves, on the shoots, peduncles and pedicels, and by its
few-flowered cymes on peduncles much shorter than the leaves. It is perhaps
nearest to »S. purpurea Hooker f. & Thomson wliich has glabrous, oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminate leaves, the shoots glabrous except when very young, glabrous
peduncles, and ovate-lanceolate 5-veined petals.

Sabia emarginata Lecomte in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LIV. 673
(1907).

Western Hupeh: without locality, A. Henry (No. 5314).
Kiangsi : Ruling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., common, July 30, 1907 (No.
1728; climber 2 m., fruit blue).

The Ruling specimen is in fruit and is somewhat doubtfully referred to this
species of which we have only seen material with very young and partly grown
leaves. -

Sabia Schumanniana Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 451 (1900).
Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1300-2000 m., July

SABIACEAE. — SABIA 197

and September 1908 (No. 860; climber 2 m., flowers greenish, fruit
blue).

Our specimens agree with Diel's description except that the sepals are oval
or ovate and obtuse instead of triangular and the leaves are slightly broader.
The flowers which were not described by Diels are borne in from 3-6-flowered co-
rymbs, the petals are oval and obtuse, greenish and about 5 mm. long; the stamens
about as long as the petals.

Sabia Schumanniana, var. pluriflora Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit praecipue cymis 6-20-floris. Sepala triangulari-
ovata, acuta; petala interdum acutiuscula; stamina plerumque
petalis paullo longiora.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1300 m.,
May 6 and July 1907 (No. 2534, type; scandent bush, 1-2 m., flowers
brownish-chocolate) ; without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5421, 6114).
Eastern Szech'uan: without locality, A. Henry (No. 542P).

This variety resembles in its many-flowered cymes S. parviflora Wallich and
S. lanceolata Colebrooke, but is easily distinguished from these species by the larger
flowers with oval, obtuse or obtusish petals and by the veins of the leaves diverging
at acute angles.

Sabia Schumanniana, var. longipes Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foHis majoribus ad 14 cm. longis oblongo-lanceolatis
basi cuneatis, inflorescentia cum pedunculo 6-9 cm. longo 9-18 cm.
longa, floribus purpurascentibus.

Western Szech'uan: Chin-ting-shan, thickets, alt. 1300 m.,
May 22, 1908 (No. 2529; climber, 3 m., flowers greenish-purple).

This variety differs from the type chiefly in its larger leaves and much
elongated peduncles.

Sabia puberula Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, 0.5-2 m. altus; ramuli hornotini glabri, aimotini
pallide olivacei ; gemmae ovoideae, acutae, perulis acuminatis ciliolatis.
Folia decidua, oblongo-lanceolata v. ovato-oblonga v. elliptico-
oblonga, acuminata, basi late cuneata v. rotundata, margine scariosa,
minute eroso-undulata, 6-9 cm. longa et 2-4 cm. lata, utrinque
glabra, supra obscure viridia, subtus pallidiora, reticulata, nervis
utrinsecus 5-6 sub angulo acuto divergentibus ; petioli initio plerumque
puberuH, demum glabri, supra canaliculati, 0.6-1 cm. longi. Flores
fusci, in cymis axillaribus 3-8-floris, simul cum foliis bene evolutis;
pedunculi graciles, sparse villosuli, 1-2.5 cm. longi; pedicelli 5-8 mm.
longi, puberuli; bracteae minutae, caducae; sepala semi-orbicularia,

198 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

rarius late triangularia et acutiuscula, interdum minute ciliolata,
circiter 1 mm. longa; petala ovali-elliptica, concava, obtusa, 3-4 mm.
longa; stamdna petalis paullo longiora, glabra, filamentis basi dilatatis,
antheris ovalibus 0.5 imn. longis; discus glaber, tumidus; pistillum
stamina aequans minute pubescens. Mericarpia orbiculari-obovoidea,
compressa, reticulata, rugosa, 7-8 mm. longa.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1300 m.,
May and September 1907 (No. 2534'', t3^pe); Fang Hsien, thickets,
alt. 1100 m., August 1907 (No. 2534*^); Patung Hsien, A. Henry (No.
4045) ; without locality, A. Henry (No. 6022). Eastern Szech'uan :
without locality, A. Henry (No. 7240).

This new species is distinguished by its small flowers with obtuse petals and
exserted stamens and by its pubescent peduncles, pedicels and pistils. It is most
closely related to S. Schumanniana Diels which is perfectly glabrous and has
longer peduncles.

Sabia gracilis Hemsley in Hooker's Icon. XXIX, t. 2831 (1907). —
Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. V. 339 (1908).

Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, roadside thickets,
alt. 1000 m., rare, June 17, 1908 (No. 2532; bush 0.6 m. tall, flowers
yellow); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4806, type).

Here may be added the description of a new Chinese species collected by Mr.
Dunn.

Sabia coriacea Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex ramuhs teretibus glabris. Folia coriacea persistentia, oblonga v. ob-
longo-lanceolata, acuta v. brevissime acuminata, basi late cuneata v. fere rotun-
data, margine leviter revoluta, 3.5-6.5 cm. longa et 1-2.5 cm. lata, glabra, supra
obscvu-e viridia, subtus pallidiora, nervis utrinsecus 5-7 subtus leviter elevatis,
venulis obsoletis; petioli glabri, circiter 1 cm. longi. Flores parvi, in cymis ax-
illaribus in parte inferiore ramulorum 6-10-floris glabris; pedunculi 1-1.5 cm.
longi; pedicelli 3-4 mm. longi; sepala late ovata, 1 mm. longa, obtusa, sparse
ciliolata, persistentia, petala erecto-patentia, oblonga v. ovato-lanceolata, obtusa,
recurva, apice inflexa, 5-nervia, 3.5 mm. longa; stamina inaequalia, petalis dimidio
breviora, filamentis carnosis complanatis, antheris introrsis apice truncatis et
emarginatis; discus annularis, leviter tumidus; pistillum staminibus brevius,
glabrum, stigmate simplice. Fructus desideratur.

Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong,
No. 2534, type).

A well marked species related to S. parvifolia Wallich, which has much thinner
leaves with prominent venation and smaller flowers with ovate, acute sepals, acu-
minate petals strongly inflexed at the apex, a disk with 5 acuminate teeth, smaller
anthers and a rather differently shaped pistil.

SABIACEAE. — MELIOSMA 199

MELIOSMA Bl.

Sect. 1. SiMPLicES Warb.

Meliosma cuneifolia Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2,
VIII. 211 {PI. David. II. 29) (1886). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn.
Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVIII. 127 (1911). — Hutchinson in Bot. Mag.
CXXXVII. t. 8357 (1911). — Schneider, III. Handh. Lauhholzk. II.
1029, fig. 608 (1912).

Meliosma myrianthum Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 451 (non Siebold & Zuc-
carini) (1900).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1100 m.,
September 1907 (No. 326; bush 3 m. tall, fruit black); north and
south of Ichang, thickets and margins of woods, alt. 1000-1500 m.,
common, July 1907 (No. 3034, in part; bush 3 m. tall, flowers white,
fragrant); Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1300 m., July 1907
(No. 3034, in part; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers white, fragrant); Patung
Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., July 1907 (No. 3035, in part; bush
or small tree 3-6 m. tall, flowers white, fragrant) ; Hsing-shan Hsien,
thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., July 1907 (No. 3035, in part; bush or
small tree, 3-6 m. tall, flowers white, fragrant); Fang Hsien, wood-
lands, alt. 1300 m., July 1907 (No. 3035, in part); Changyang
Hsien, woodlands, July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1458); without
locality, June and July 1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 959, 1458% 1458*^);
without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5849, 5849=*). Western Sze-
ch'uan: near Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 600-1300 m., July 1908 (No.
3032; thin tree 6 m. tall, flowers white); south-east of Tachien-lu,
thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m., June 1908 (No. 3033, in part; bush 2.5-
5 m. tall, flowers white); same locality, June 1908 (No. 3033, in part;
thin tree 6 m. tall, flowers white, fragrant); Mt. Omei, August 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 4814; tree 6 m.); same locahty, E. Faber. Hu-
nan: without locality, A. Henry (No. 7550). Shensi: Hu-shien,
Cho-toe-miao, Hugh Scallan.

This species both as a small tree or as a large shrub is exceedingly common
through western Hupeh and Szech'uan, occuring in thickets and in the margins
of woods between 1000-1500 m. alt. The fruit is black, globose, and about the
size of a small garden pea. The tufts of hairs in the axils of the primary and
secondary veins on the underside of the leaf afford an easy means of distinguish-
ing this species from the closely related M. myriantha Siebold & Zuccarini. That
species has red fruit and leaves which are usually large and much less narrowly
cuneate at the base than those of M. cuneifolia Franchet.

200 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Meliosma pendens Rehcler & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex 3-5-metralis, ramis gracilibus; ramuli hornotini initio laxe
villosi, mox glabrescentes; amiotini purpureo-fusci, lenticellis parvis
sparsis notati, vetustiores griseo-brimnei ; gemmae nudae, parvae,
ferrugineo-strigoso-tomentosae. Folia membranacea, obovato-ellip-
tica V. obovato-oblonga, subito acuminata, basi in petiolum gracilem
attenuata, fere ad basin serrata dentibus plerumque ad mucronem
ereeto-patentem reductis, 6-12 cm. longa et 3-5.5 cm. lata, supra
obscure viridia, sparse, ad costam mediam densius breviter strigoso-
pilosa, subtus pallide viridia, ad costam venasque patenti-pilosa,
rarius ad costam subaccumbenti-pilosa, saepius etiam ad venulas et
in facie sparse pilosa, ebarbata, nervis utrinsecus 12-18 rectis in dentes
excurrentibus subtus elevatis, venulis vix elevatis; petioli 1-1.5 cm.
longi, graciles, breviter villosi v. glabrescentes. Panicula terminalis,
elongato-pyramidalis, pendens, cum pedunculo 2-3 cm. longo 12-
18 cm. longa et 9-15 cm. diam., ramulis patentibus et plus minusve
refractis, breviter villosa, pedunculo plerumque glabrescente; bracteae
minutae, caducae; pedicelli 1.5-3 mm. longi, villosuli, interdum
minute bracteolati; flores albi, 4-5 mm. diam.; sepala 5, inaequalia,
rotundato-ovata, minute ciliolata; petala exteriora suborbicularia
2.5-3 mm. longa et paulo latiora, rarius angustiora quam longa, con-
cava, interiora vix dimidium filamentum aequantia, biloba, lobis
patentibus acutiusculis, ciliolata; filamenta sterilia irregulariter bicu-
cullata, incurva, fertilia 2 nun. longa, filamentis compressis apice
cupularibus antheras subglobosas amplectentibus; discus mem-
branaceus dimidium ovarium amplectens, breviter et irregulariter
5-dentatus; pistillum glabrum, petalis brevius, ovario subgloboso
subito in stylum brevem vix 1 mm. longum contract©. Fructus
desideratur.

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000 m., July
1907 (No. 326% in part, type) ; north and south of Ichang, woodlands,
alt. 600-1300 m., July 1907 (No. 326% in part); without locahty, A.
Henry (Nos. 5849^ 6000). Kiangsi : Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300 m.,
July 29, 1907 (No. 1647).

This species is rather common in western Hupeh and seems most closely related
to M. cuneifolia Franchet, which is easily distinguished, however, by the loosely
appressed pubescence which covers the lower surface of the leaves and by their
conspicuous axillary tufts of hairs; the panicles are upright and broader with
spreading or ascending, not reflexed branchlets. In its inflorescence it resembles
M. flexuosa Pampanini, but that species has, according to the description, glabrous
branchlets and glabrous leaves which are entire toward the base.

SABIACEAE. — MELIOSMA 201

Meliosma subverticillaris Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 6-metralis, trunco tenui, ramis erecto-patentibus; ramuli •=: Jr . /vt-A^,
hornotini dense tomento initio ferrugineo demum cinerasccnte et per
secundum annum persistente vestiti; gemmae tomentosae. Folia
pcrsistentia, subcoriacea, 3 v. 4 subverticillata, rarius alterna, oblongo-
oblanceolata v. oblanceolata, subito longe acuminata, basi sensim
attenuata, basi excepta remote et breviter spinuloso-serrata, 12-20
cm. longa et 4-5 cm. lata, supra initio dense sericeo-strigosa, demum
glabra, levia, subtus tomento fulvo-cinereo dense obtecta et reticulata,
nervis utrinsecus 15-20 subtus elevatis curvatis infimis exceptis in
dentes excurrentibus; petioli graciles, tomentosi, 1.5-2 cm. longi.
Paniculae (nondum florentes) terminates et axillares, pyramidales,
10-15 cm. longae, totae bracteis alabastrisque inclusis dense tomento
brevi strigoso-villoso obtectae; florum alabastra subsessilia; sepala 5,
ovato-lanceolata, acutiuscula, pubescentia. Flores evoluti et fructus
desiderantur.

Eastern Szech'uan: Taning Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000 m., June
29, 1910 (No. 4600).

The subverticillate leaves readily distinguish this species which is perhaps
most closely related to M. rigida Siebold & Zuccarini. That species has alternate,
less coriaceous leaves which are glabrous above even when very young and much
larger terminal panicles. M. pilosa Lecomte has leaves pilose on the under side
as in our new species, but differs from it in the membranous, deciduous leaves,
terminal panicles and pedicellate flowers, and is obviously more closely related to
M. cuneifolia Franchet than to M. subverticillaris.

Meliosma parviflora Lecomte in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LIV. 676
(1907).

Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, thickets, alt. 300-600 m.,
August 1908 (No. 3036; small tree, 5-8 m. tall, flowers white); same
locahty, July and October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3314, type; thin
tree 8 m., flowers white, fruit red).

This small tree is rather common in thickets and by the sides of streams in the
neighborhood of Kiating Fu and throughout the Chengtu plain up to an altitude
of 800 m. The slender trunk is covered with smooth, firm, dark gray bark, which
peels off in large roundish, rather thick flakes which leave brown scars on the
trunk. The wood is very hard and heavy. The large lax panicles of small white
flowers and the bright red fruits make this tree very conspicuous in late July and
September.

Here may be added the description of four new Chinese species of the section
Simplices, not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Meliosma platypoda Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex v. arbor parva, 3-6-metralis; ramuli annotini initio strigoso-pilosi,

202 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

demiim glabrescentes, annotini griseo-brunnei, glabri, lenticellati ; gemmae dense
fulvo-pilosae, post anthesin subglobosae, basi petioli dilatati involutae, apice tan-
tum exsertae. Folia decidua, chartacea, obovata, apice rotundata et breviter
cuspidata, basi cuneata, ima basi excepta serrata dentibus praesertim apicem
versus late triangularibus mucronatis, 10-18 cm. longa et 5.5-9.5 cm. lata, supra
glabra et leviter rugulosa, obscure luteo-viridia, subtus pallide viridia, ad costam
mediam et ad nervos laterales pilis longis fulvis laxe adpressis vestita, ceterum
glabra, nervis utrinsecus 10-15 rectis omnibus excurrentibus, supra ut costa media
impressis, subtus elevatis et trabeculis leviter elevatis conjunctis; petioli 6-8 mm.
longi, pilosi, supra sulcati, basi dilatati et leviter auriculati, gemmam axillarem
amplectentes. Panicula terminalis, late pyramidalis, 18-24 cm. longa et 12-14
cm. diam., ramis erecto-patentibus, puberula; flores albi, pedicellati pedicellis
1.5-3 mm. longis puberulis; sepala 4, persistentia, ovata, concava, 1.5-2 mm. longa,
obtusa V. obtusiuscula, sparse ciliolata; petala exteriora orbiculari-reniformia,
concava, apice rotundata et leviter inflexa, 2.5-3 mm. longa et 3-4 mm. lata, duo
interiora bifida dentibus acutis; stamina duo fertilia petalis exterioribus subae-
quilonga, petalis interioribus adnata, filamentis complanatis incurvis, connective
peltato ciliolato, antheris ovoideis rimis parvis apicalibus dehiscentibus, stamina
sterilia irregularia, incurva, petalis exterioribus adnata et earum trientem aequan-
tia; discus cupularis, membranaceus, dimidium ovarium aequans, trilobatus lobis
plerumque bifidis; ovarium subglobosum, glabrum; stylus filiformis, petalis
exterioribus subaequilongus, stigmate simplice. Fructus desideratur.

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000 m., June 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1126).

A well-marked species distinguished at a glance by the petioles flattened at the
base and enclosing the bud. It is most closely related to M. cujieifolia Franchet
which differs in its membranous, gradually acuminate leaves with axillary tufts
of hairs on the lower surface in the slender petioles which do not enclose the buds
and in the shorter bifid style.

Meliosma velutina Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 6-metrahs; ramuli hornotini dense breviter strigoso-villosi, fulvi, anno-
tini glabrescentes lenticellati, griseo-fusci. FoUa membranacea, oblanceolata,
acuta V. breviter acuminata, basi sensim attenuata, Integra, 9-15 cm. longa et
2.5-4 cm. lata, supra obscure viridia, in sicco leviter reticulata, ad costam et venas
densius in facie sparse breviter pubescentia, subtus pallidiora, velutino-pubes-
centia, reticulata, nervis utrinsecus 10-15 ante marginem sursum curvatis supra
leviter impressis subtus elevatis; petioli 1.5 cm. longi dense villosi. Panicula ter-
minalis ampla, basi foliosa, 20-25 cm. longa et 15-20 cm. diam., dense breviter
fulvo-strigoso-villosa, ramulis gracilibus erecto-patentibus; bracteae subulatae,
2-3 mm. longae, pubescentes; flores albi, parvi, breviter pedicellati, in axibus
secundi ad quarti ordinis racemose dispositi; sepala 5, ovata, acuta, circiter 1 mm.
longa, extus pubescentia, ciliolata; petala exteriora orbicularia, concava, 1.5-2 mm.
diam., interiora duo minuta, biloba, acuta; stamina fertilia filamentis brevissimis,
connectivo cupulari, antheris globosis rima apicali deliiscentibus, steriha valde
inflexa petalis exterioribus adnata et eorum trientem aequantia; discus minutus,
cupularis, acute dentatus; pistillum petalis exterioribus multo brevius, glabrum,
ovario ovoideo compresso, stylo subulato, stigmate simplice. Fructus desideratur.

Yunnan: Szemao, mountains southwards, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 12114).

A well marked species recognized by its pubescence, entire leaves, laxly branched
panicles, and small pedicillate flowers. It is most closely related to M. sirtiplici-
folia Roxburgh which is easily distinguished by its nearly glabrous leaves and
branchlets and by its sessile flowers.

SABIACEAE. — MELIOSMA 203

Meliosma Fischeriana Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 10-metralis; ramuli annotini gracilcs, flavo-cinerei, glabrescentes, lenti-
cellati; gemmae nudae, parvae, villosae. Folia coriacea, persistentia, oblongo-
lanceolata v. lanceolata, acuminata, basi sensim attenuata, apicem versus utrinque
dentibus 3-1 spinulosis parvis instructa v. Integra, 7-12 cm. longa et 1.5-3.5 cm.
lata, maturitate utrinque glabra costa media supra villosula excepta, supra sa-
turate viridia, nitentia, subtus pallida viridia, nervis utrinsecus 5-8 curvatis,
plurimis ante marginem anastomosantibus, paucis superioribus tantum in dentes
excurrentibus ; petioli 1-2 cm. longi, pubescentes, demum glabrescentes. Pani-
culae omnes axillares, basi aphyllae, cum pedunculo 1-3 cm. longo 10-15 cm. longae,
laxe villosulae, basi 3-7 cm. diam., ramulis sub angulo fere recto divergentibus;
flores albi, subsessiles v. breviter pedicellati, in axibus secundi et tertii ordinis;
pedicelli villosuli; bracteae ovato-oblongae, acutiusculae, extus pubescentes, 1.5-
2 mm. longae; sepala 4-5, imbricata, ovata, minute ciliolata, petalis dimidio
breviora; petala exteriora orbicularia v. orbiculari-ovata, concava, carnosa, apice
incurva, 2-2.5 mm. longa, interiora duo minuta, profunda biloba, lobis acutis;
stamina incurva, fertilia duo petalis interioribus adnata, filamentis minutis, con-
nectivo peltato, antheris globosis rima apicali transversali dehiscentibus, stcrilia
petalis exterioribus adnata; discus brevis, membranaceus, cupuliformis, minute
5-dentatus; pistillum petalis pauUo brevius, glabrum, ovario ovoideo, stylo
subulato, stigmate simplice. Fructus desideratur.

Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, woodlands, alt. 1000-1300 m., September
1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 4817).

A rare tree most closely related to M. pungens Wallich which is distinguished
by its pubescent branches, stouter petioles, terminal and axillary much larger
panicles, more numerous flowers and membranous petals. It is less closely re-
lated to M. Henry i Diels, which is distinguished by its red-purple, prominently
lenticellate branchlets, less coriaceous, more oblong, leaves and smaller flowers
on much longer pedicels.

Meliosma Fischeriana is named for Herr Fischer, in 1910, German Acting
Consul General in Chengtu, as a mark of appreciation of his kind services to me.

E. H. W.

Meliosma glomerulata Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 8-metralis; ramuli dense tomento strigoso-villoso initio fulvo v. griseo-
fulvo ad tertium annum persistente obtecti; gemmae nudae, dense fulvo-villosae.
Folia decidua (v. chartacea et persistentia), oblongo-lanceolata, longe acuminata,
basi sensim attenuata, basi excepta remote serrata dentibus parvis saepe fere
ad mucronem reductis, 15-25 cm. longa et circitcr 4 cm. lata, supra obscure
viridia, glabra costa media villosula excepta, subtus densius ad venas, sparsius in
facie laxe villosa et spatiose reticulata, nervis utrinsecus 10-12 sub angulo acuto
divergentibus, mediis fere rectis et in dentes excurrentibus, infimis et summis
anastomosantibus; petioli graciles, dense villosi, 2-4 cm. longi. Panicula termi-
nalis, late pyramidalis, ad 30 cm. longa et ad 18 cm. diam., dense fulvo- villosa;
flores albi, subsessiles, in glomerulis parvis sessilibus in parte inferiore panicula
et ramulorum secus axes tertii ordinis, in parte superiore secus axes secundi et
primi ordinis dispositis aggregati ; sepala 5, inaequalia, ovata v. ovato-oblonga,
acuta V. obtusa, concava, 1.5-2 mm. longa, exteriora villosa, interiora glabra,
ciliolata; petala exteriora carnosa, erecto-patentia, orbicularia, 2.5-3 mm. diam.,
3-5-nervia, interiora minuta, biloba, acuta; stamina fertilia duo, filamentis
brevibus compressis incurvis, cormectivo cupulari et peltato, antheris globosis
rimis apicalibus minutis dehiscentibus; stamina sterilia petaHs exterioribus adnata
et earum trientem aequantia, inflexa; pistillum glabrum, petalis exterioribus

204 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

brevius, ovario ovoideo compresso, stylo filiformi, stigmate simplice. Fructus
desideratur.

Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11737, type); same
locality, A. Henry (Nos. 11737% 11737'').

This species is apparently most closely related to M. lancifolia Hooker f., which
we have not seen, but according to the description that species differs in its larger,
broader, entire leaves, longer, more dense pubescence and in its coriaceous inner
sepals. This new species is also related to M. rigida Siebold & Zuccarini, which
has chartaceous, oblanceolate to obovate-cuneate abruptly acuminate leaves,
more ferruginous tomentum and thyrsoid panicles. Nos. 11737% 11737*^, differ
from the type in their smaller and more densely villose panicles with shorter
lateral branches and in their chartaceous persistent leaves, while the type specimen
has only young membranous leaves.

Sect. 2. PiNNATAE Warb.

Meliosma Veitchiorum Hemsley in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. XIX.
155 (1906). — Bean in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1910, 173, t.

Meliosma longicalyz Lecomte in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, s6r. 4, VII. 675
(1907).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
May 20, June 3 and September 1907 (No. 322, in part; tree 5-15 m.
tall, 0.3-2 m. girth, flowers yellow, fragrant, in large drooping panicles;
fruit black); Fang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1600-1800 m., not common,
June and September 1907 (No. 322, in part; tree 5-16 m. tall, girth
0.3-2 m., flowers yellow, fragrant, fruit black); same locality, alt.
1600-2300 m., October 1910 (No. 4457; tree 10-16 m. tall, 1.5-2.5 m.
girth, fruit black) ; Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1500 m., very rare,
June 1907 (No. 322, in part; tree 5-13 m. tall, flowers greenish
yellow). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, woodlands, 1500-
2000 m., June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1046, type).

This remarkable tree is abundant in moist woods throughout Hsing-shan Hsien
and Fang Hsien between 1300-2300 m. altitude, but is rare in other parts of Hupeh
and is not recorded from western Szech'uan. It is a tree of medium height with
a relatively thick trunk and ascending and very slightly spreading branches forming
a loose pyramidal head. The bark is gray, slightly fissured and with age exfohates
in small irregularly-shaped flakes. The large leaves are deciduous, crowded to-
gether at the ends of the branches and in falling leave very prominent scars. The
honey-scented flowers are greenish yellow, with incurved ferruginous stamens.
The loose panicles, produced at the same time as the leaves, are pendulous, much
branched, often 60 cm. or more long and wide, with the basal lateral branches ex-
ceeding in length the main rhachis. The corky lenticels on the inflorescence are
most conspicuous. The undescribed fruit is black, globose, and from 10 to 12 mm.
long and wide.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 581 and 053 of the collection
Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 313. of

SABIACEAE. — MELIOSMA 205

Meliosma Beaniana Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 12-25-metralis, valde ramosa ramis crassis erecto-patentibus
V. in arboribus vetustioribus patentibus; truncus 0.2-2 m. circuitu,
cortice cinereo, satis levi demum leviter rimoso, et in arboribus vetusti-
oribus magis rimoso fuscescente ; ramuli hornotini tenuiter f errugineo-
tomentosi, annotini glabri v. glabrescentes, lenticellati, cicatricibus
foliorum ovalibus magnis instructi, flavido-cinerei ; gemmae nudae,
ferrugineo-tomentosae. Folia decidua, imparipinnata, 2-6-juga, cum
petiolo 4-7 cm. longo 15-35 cm. longa; foliola subopposita v. opposita,
breviter petiolulata, ovata v. elliptico-lanceolata, acuminata, basi
late cuneata, saepe obliqua, rarius rotundata, remote serrulata
dentibus minutis appressis mucronulatis, rarius subintegra, apicem
versus accrescentia, par infimum 3-6 cm. longum et 1.5-3 cm. latum,
par summum 7.5-15 cm. longum et 3-5 cm. latum, foliolum terminate
10-15 cm. longum, interdum obovatum v. obovato-oblongum, supra
obscure viridia, initio pilis sparsis minutis subaccumbentibus con-
spersa praesertim ad venas, demum glabra v. fere glabra, subtus
pallidiora, sparse pilis minutis subaccumbentibus conspersa, in
axillis nervorum fulvo-barbata, nervis utrinsecus 8-10 sub angulo
35-40° divergentibus curvatis anastomosantibus subtus elevatis,
reticulo venularum leviter elevato; petioli glabrescentes, basi incras-
sati. Flores praecoces, albi, in paniculis axillaribus in apice ramorum
et ramulorum lateralium brevium; paniculae patentes v. pendentes,
dense ferrugineo-villosae, cum pedunculo basi nudo 2-5 cm. longo
12-20 cm. longae et 6-12 cm. diam.; bracteae caducae; flores in
axibus secundi et tertii, interdum quarti ordinis racemosi, pedicellati
pedicellis 2-4 mm. longis laxe villosulis; sepala 4, erecto-patentia,
ovata, acuta v. obtusa, 1.5-2 mm. longa, saepe leviter irregulariter
dentata, minute ciliolata; petala exteriora late reniformia, emargi-
nata, concava, circiter 2 mm. longa et ad 4 mm. lata, interiora minuta,
bifida lobis acutis ciliolatis; stamina sterilia irregulariter dentata,
apice incurva, petalis exterioribus adnata, fertilia filamentis compressis
2 mm. longis leviter incurvis, connectivo peltato, antheris ovoideis
transverse dehiscentibus; discus cupularis, membranaceus, ovarium
subaequans, 3-dentatus dentibus duobus bifidis; pistillum petala
paullo superans, glabrum, ovario subgloboso, stylo subulato, stig-
mate simplice. Fructus globosus, niger, 6-7 mm. diam.; semen
irregulariter depresso-subglobosum, imo latere leviter et obtuse cos-
tatum, basi applanatum, hilo fere triangulari albido notatum, griseo-
brunneum, leve.

206 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, open country, alt.
1000-1300 m., May and September 1907 (No. 258, in part, type);
Hsing-shan Hsien, mountain-sides, alt. 1300 m., rare. May 21 and
September 1907 (No. 258, in part); Patung Hsien, woodlands, alt.
1300 m., June and September 1907 (No. 154); Hsing-shan Hsien,
open country, June 15, 1910 (No. 258''). Eastern Szech'uan:
Wushan, without locality, April 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 627).
Western Szech'uan: Shih-ch'uan Hsien, near Pien-kou, open
country, August 14, 1910 (No. 4606); village near Lungan Fu, in
temple grounds, alt. 1400 m., August 19, 1910 (No. 4607).

A remarkable and well-marked species distinguishable at once from all other
members of the genus by its precocious flowers borne in axillary panicles, while in
all other pinnate-leaved species the inflorescence is terminal. This new species
may be compared with M. Oldhamii Miquel which has a similar branching habit
but which differs in its large, terminal, erect, much-branched panicles produced
after the leaves are nearly fully grown. M. Beaniana is one of the handsomest
and most striking of Chinese trees. It is nowhere common but occurs scattered
throughout western Hupeh and Szech'uan at altitudes of between 1000 m. and
1500 m., and very commonly it is associated with temples and wayside shrines.
The creamy white flowers are relatively large for the genus. The spreading and
pendulous panicles are smaller than in other pinnate-leaved species, but they are
so numerous and so clustered together that the tree in May, when it is covered
with a mass of creamy-white flowers, is a strikingly conspicuous object in the
landscape. In Hupeh this tree is colloquially known as the " Ku-ku-lan-shu." It
is now in cultivation.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 079, 0258 and 0268 of the collec-
tion of Wilson's photographs.

Meliosma Beaniana is named for my friend Wilham J. Bean, Assistant- Curator
of the Royal Gardens, Kew, in appreciation of the interest he has always taken in
Chinese plants and of his untiring efforts to secure them for cultivation.

E. H. W.

Meliosma Oldhamii Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 94 (1867);
Prol. Fl. Jap. 258 (1867). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St.
Petershourg, ser. 3, XII. 63 (1868); in Mel. Biol. VI. 263 (1868).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 145 (1886). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb.
XXIX. 452 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
XVIII. 173 (1911).

Meliosma Wallichii Hemsley in Jour. lAnn. Soc. XXIII. 146 (non Planchon)
(1886).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., common, July 30, 1907
(No. 1650; small tree 2-3 m. tall). Western Hupeh: Patung
Hsien, woods, alt. 1200 m., June 1907 (No. 3038, in part; tree 10-12
m. tall, 2 m. girth, flowers white); Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-

SABIACEAE. — MELIOSMA 207

1500 m., June 1907 (No. 3038, in part; tree 6-13 m. tall, 0.6-2 m.
girth, flowers white); Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1500 m.,
June 1907 (No. 3038 in part; tree 6-13 m. tall, flowers white); Fang
Hsien, open country, alt. 1300 m., June 21, 1910 (No. 4602; tree 20
m. tall, 2.5 m. girth, flowers white); without locality. May and Sep-
tember 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 463); without locaHty, A. Henry
(No. 5863); "Ma pan-scian," alt. 1000 m., May 1907, C. Silvestri (No.
3355). Korea: Quelpaert, June 1910, Taquet (Nos. 4344, 4345);
same locality, August 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1867); Port Chusan,
1859, C. Wilford; Korean Archipelago, 1863, R. Oldham (No. 183).

This fine tree occurs in moist woods and thickets in western Hupeh between
altitudes of 1000 and 1500 metres, but is not really common. On young trees the
branches are erect and spreading but in old specimens the branches are wide-
spreading and form a symmetrical head. The pure white flowers are borne in
terminal, erect, much-branched pyramidal panicles from 15 to 30 cm. long and
broad, and are produced after the leaves are nearly full grown. Hooker f. (Fl.
Brit. Ind. II. 6 [1876]) states that Wilford's specimen from Korea seems identical
with M. Wallichii Planchon, and Hemsley has referred the specimen to this
species. With both Indian and Korean material before us the species appear ob-
viously distinct. In M. Oldhaniii Miquel the leaves are nearly glabrous below, and
the primary and lateral branches of the panicle are quite glabrous; the flowers are
relatively large and the pedicels relatively long. In M. Wallichii Planchon the under
surface of the leaves and the branches of the panicles are densely clothed with a
short, ferruginous pubescence; the small flowers are shortly pedicellate. There
are other important differences but these amply distinguish the two species.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 508 and 0115 of the collection of
"Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 311.

Meliosma Kirkii Hemsley & Wilson in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform.
XIX. 154 (1906).

Western Szech'uan: Omei Hsien, woodlands, alt. 600-1200 m.,
July 1908 (No. 3037; tree 10 m. tall, 1 m. girth, flowers white); same
locality, alt. 900 m., June 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 2371, type);
Hung-ya Hsien, open country, base of Wa-wu-shan, alt. 1200 m.,
September 12, 1908 (No. 3037% tree 20 m. tall; 2.5 m. girth).

The under surface of the leaves in this species is often quite glaucous; the bark
on old trees is gray, fairly smooth and persistent; the branches are ascending and
spreading and form a narrow head.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 339 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 312.

Here may be added a note on a species from Yunnan collected by A. Henry and
remarks on M. rhoifolia and M. pinnata.

Meliosma Wallichii Planchon in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 6 (1876).
Yunnan: Mengtze, woods, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10835, 13692);
Szemao mountains, eastern forests, A. Henry (Nos. 12016, 12016^^ 12016'').

208

WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

In working up our material of Meliosma we have had an opportunity of
examining in the Gray Herbarium Oldham's Nos. 85, 86, on which Maximowicz
founded his M. rhoifolia and which Hooker f., in Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 6 (1876) sug-
gests is the same as M. pinnata Maximowicz (Millingtonia pinnata Roxburgh).
This examination has satisfied us that these species are without doubt quite distinct.
In M. rhoifolia Maximowicz the leaflets are shining green above, the medium sized
panicles are nearly as broad as long (25 cm. long, 20 cm. broad) with dark colored
compressed, somewhat angular, glabrous primary branches; the ovary is villose.
In M. pinnata Maximowicz the leaves are dull green above; the panicles are very
large, much longer than broad (from 35 to 45 cm. long and from 25 to 30 cm. broad),
the primary branches of the panicle are nearly round, gray, woody and sparsely
pubescent; the ovary is glabrous.

The specimens look very different and we consider M. rhoifolia Maximowicz
to be much more closely related to M. Oldhamii Miquel than it is to M. pinnata
Maximowicz.

RHAMNACEAE.

Determined by Camillo Schneider.^

PALIURUS Mill.

Paliurus orientalis Hemsley in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1894, 387
(pro parte maxima). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 457 (1900). —
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 260, fig. 182 c (1909). — Pam-
panini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 425 (1910).

? Paliurus lucidus Camera in Rev. Hort. 1866, 380 (nomen nudum).
? Paliurus australis, var. orientalis Franchet, PI. Delavay. 132 (1889).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, open comitry, alt.
600-1100 m., common, June and September 1907 (No. 105; slender
tree 3-6 m. tall); Fang Hsien, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. without
number, in Herb. Hofmuseum, Vienna); without locality, May 1901
(Veitch Exped. No. 2103); without locality, A. Henry (No. 6379).
Eastern Szech'uan: Taning Hsien, roadsides, alt. 160-600 m.,
common June 1910 (No. 4630; slender tree 6-12 m. tall, girth 0.3-
0.6 m., immature fruit white); Wushan Hsien, mountains, June 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 634); same locality, A. Henry (No. 7205); Cheng-
kou Ting, P. Farges. Shensi : " Tciuz Sien," 1893, G. Giraldi.^

The type of Franchet's var. orientalis is Delavay's No. 239 from Yunnan in
woods near Tali, which I have not yet seen. Hemsley says: Folia cum petiolo
usque ad 5 poll, longa et 3 poll, lata, sed in speciminibus Delavayanis minora. He
cites Henry's No. 7205 from Szech'uan, Wushan Hsien, and Ford's No. 325 from
Kwangtung. Unfortunately I could not compare Wilson's specimens with Fran-
chet's type, but they agree exactly with Hemsley's description. I think, there-
fore, that Franchet's var. orientalis may belong to P. sinicus Schneider, as all the
specimens I have seen from Yunnan have short petioles.

Wilson's No. 634 is a poor specimen with very young leaves, which like the

^ Owing to Mr. Schneider's departure for south-western China he has been un-
able to settle some questions in regard to a few doubtful specimens, and has left
their determination to us. We have added a few notes to his manuscript.

Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

2 The specimen collected in southern Shensi by David, and by Franchet referred
{Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6r. 2, V. 223 {PI. David. I. 71) [1883]) to P. australis
doubtless belongs here. A. R. and E. H. W.

209

210 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

young branchlets are somewhat pubescent and resemble those of P. sinicus, but
this specimen bears some old fruits, which in no way diiJer from those of P. orien-
talis, as represented by No. 2103, and as, moreover, the petioles are from 5 to 6
mm. long, I think No. 634 certainly belongs to this species.

This species is fairly common in open country up to 1000 m. altitude through
western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan. It is a tree from 10 to 15 m. tall, with a
slender trunk covered with smooth gray bark and usually armed with numerous
stout spines; the branches are spiny, short, slender and spreading. The fruit is
pure white, changing to brown at maturity, and the trees when laden with imma-
ture fruit are very conspicuous from a distance. The wood is hard and tough. A
picture of this tree will be found under No. 0160 of the collection of my photo-
graphs. E. H. W.

Paliurus ramosissimus Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. Suppl.
IV. 262 (1816).— Hemsley in Jour, Linn. Soc. XXIII. 126 (1886). —
Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 457 (1900). — Matsumura & Hayata
in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, xxii. 86 (Enum. PI. Formos.). — Pitard
in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine, I. 915 (1912). — Schneider, III.
Handh. Lauhholzk. II. 1030 (1912).

Aubletia ramosissima Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 283 (1790).

Paliurus Aubletia Schultes in Roemer and Schultes, Syst. Veg. V. 343 (1819).

Paliurus Aubletii Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 66 (1861).

Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, roadsides, alt. 300-1000 m.,
July 1908 (No. 3224; thorny shrub 3-5 m. tall, used as a hedge plant);
banks of Yangtsze River, common, June 1903 (Veitch Exped. No.
3340); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4778). Formosa:
Tamsui, A. Henry (No. 1382). Korea: Quelpaert, rare, July 1909,
Taquet (No. 3116).

This thorny shrub is abundant at low levels through Szech'uan, but it is less
common in Hupeh. It is commonly used as a hedge-plant near Kiating Fu and
elsewhere and is colloquially known as the " Teh-li-pe Kuotzu." E. H. W.

CLAVIS SPECIERUM.

Folia apice distincte breviter acuminata, acumine product© foHorum bene evolu-
torum plus quam 6 mm. longo.
Folia permagna, mediocra 6-12 cm. longa; petioli 8-15 mm. longi.

Planta glabra v. subglabra 1. P. orientalis.

Planta ramuhs, foliis inflorescentiisque pubescentibus (confer etiam No. 5).

2. P. hirsutus.

Foha minora v. petioli tantum 5 mm. longi 3. P. sinicus.

Folia apice obtusa v. fere rotundata v. tantum breviter acuta.
Fructus ala distincta circulari cinctus, glaber.

Folia plerumque hand plus quam 5 cm. longa, apice saepissime obtusa; alae
fructuum satis tenues, 6-10 mm. latae 4. P. Spina-Christi.

RHAMNACEAE. — PALIURUS 211

Folifi plerumque 5-10 cm. longa, apice siibito in acumen 3-5 mm. longum
producta; alae fructuum ut videtur satis crassae, vix 5 mm. latae.

5. P. tonkinensis.
Fructus ala angusta plerumque trilobata cinctus, tomentosus.

6. F. ramosissimus.

ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM.

1. Paliurus orientalis Hemsley. See p. 209.

2. Paliurus hirsutus Hemsley in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1894, 388.
Kwangtung: C Ford (No. 280, type).

According to the descriptions of Hemsley and Pitard this species may be closely
related to P. tonkinensis, but without having seen ripe fruits of P. hirsutus I can-
not decide if the two species are the same.

3. Paliurus sinicus Schneider, n. sp.

Arbor spinosa, ad 5-metralis; ramuli hornotini pubescentes, deinde nigricantes,
glabri v. tantum supra gemmas puberuli; spinae in speciminibus visis rarae, parvae,
vix 5 mm. longae. Folia membranacea, ovata, interdum ovato-oblonga, basi
obtusa V. rotunda, sed semper subito brevissime in petiolum producta, obliqua,
apice in acumen 5-12 mm. longum attenuata, margine crenato-dentata, supra
viridia, glabra v. tantum initio ad nervos primarios tres parce pilosa, subtus
paullo pallidiora, tota facie puberula v. fere glabra, nervis primariis et secundariis
satis prominentibus, 2.5-7 cm. longa, 1.5-4 cm. lata; petioli breves, tantum 2-4
mm. longi, pubescentes. Inflorescentia axillaris, cymoso-paniculata, vix ad
1 cm. longa, pilosa; flores flavescentes, circiter 5 mm. diam.; pedicelli fructiferi
10-12 mm. longi; sepala triangularia, acuta, petalis pro genere normalibus subae-
quilonga. Fructus maturus rubro-brunneus, glaber, supra planus, ala 6-8 mm. lata
inclusa 1.5-2.3 cm. latus, sine ala ad 5 mm.altus et 9 mm.latus; semina levia, oliva-
ceo-brunnea, fere orbicularia, 2-2.5 mm. lata, ventre applanata, dorso leviter
convexa.

Yunnan: Mengtze, alt. 1800 m., woods, A. Henry (No. 9427, type; shrub 1.25
or tree 4.75 m. tall, yellow flowers; No. 9427^; trees 2.5-5 m. tall, greenish-yellow
flowers) .

Possibly this species is the true P. australis, var. orientalis Franchet (see P.
orientalis) . It is well distinguished from the allied species by its very short petioles.
The fruits are smaller than those of P. orientalis Hemsley or of P. Spina^Christi
Miller.

4. Paliurus Spina-Christi Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768). — Hemsley, Kew
Bull. Misc. Inform. 1894, 388, in textu. — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II.
260, fig. 181 a-f, 182 a-b (1909).

Rhamnus Paliurus Linnaeus, Spec. 194 (1753).

Paliurus australis Gaertner, Fruct. I. 203 (1788).

Paliurus aculeatus Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. IV. 697 (1796). — Brongniart in

Ann. Sci. Nat. X. 354, t. 12, i. (Me^n. Fam. Rhamn.) (1826).
Paliurus virgatus D. Don in Bot. Mag. LII. t. 2535 (1825) ; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 189
(1825).
Western Asia, southern Europe.

Franchet, PI. David. 71 (1884), cites a specimen collected by David in southern
Schcnsi under this name. I have not yet seen it, but I do not believe that the
true P. Spina-Christi occurs in China.

5. Paliurus tonkinensis Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine, I. 916, fig. 115
(5-9) (1912).

212 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

As already indicated this species may be closely related to P. hirsutus Hemsley.
The figure given by the author shows a fruit which is only 14 mm. broad, but ac-
cording to the description the fruit with the wing is 25 mm. broad. The fruit is
described as black and the leaves as: " attenuees au sommet en une pointe mousse
et longue de 3-5 mm."

6. Paliurus ramosissimus Poiret. See p. 210.

ZIZYPHUS Jussieu.

Zizyphus sativa Gaertner, Fruct I. 202 (1788). — Schneider, III.
Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 261, fig. 181 g-k, 182 d-f (1909).

Rhamnus Zizyphus Linnaeus, Spec. 94 (1753).

Zizyphus vulgaris Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. III. 316 (1789). — Brongniart in
Ann. Sci. Nat. X. t. 12, ii. (Mem. Fam. Rhamn.) (1826). — Maximowicz in
Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, Ser. 7, IV. No. XL 3 (Rhamn. Or.-As.)
(1866). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 126 (1886).

Zizyphus sinensis Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. III. 316 (1789).

Zizyphus sativa, var. inermis Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II.
261 (1909).

Zizyphus vulgaris, var. inermis Bunge in Mem. Sav. t}tr. Acad. Sci. St. Piters-
bourg, II. 88 (Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 14) (1833).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, wild and sparingly
cultivated, alt. 30-1000 m., May and September 1907 (No. 2700;
tree 3-8 m. tall) ; same locality, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 848) ;
same locality, A. Henry (No. 2021). Korea : Ping-yang, in thickets,
July 1906, U. Faurie (No. 508); " Ouen-san," cultivated, July 1906,
U. Faurie (No. 509).

This is a very common bush or small tree especially in the dry river-valleys of
western Szech'uan. It is not much cultivated and the oval fruit is relatively
small and of poor quality. As elsewhere in China it is known in the western part
of the country as the " Tsao-tzu shu." E. H. W.

Here may be added the description of a new species from Yunnan, collected by
A. Henry.

Zizyphus yunnanensis Schneider, n. sp.

Arbor 3.75-5 m. alta, spinosa; spinas visae breves, curvatae; ramuli initio
breviter hirti, annotini glabrescentes, nigrescentes, lenticellis multis parvis ob-
longis albescentibus obtecti. Folia alterna, crasse membranacea, obliqua, ovata,
basi rotunda sed in petiolum subito breviter producta, 3- v. fere 5-nervia, apice
breviter acuminata, 5.5-10 cm. longa, 3-4.8 cm. lata, margine calloso-crenata,
supra ad nervos vix impresses pilosa, intense viridia, satis obscura, subtus pallide
viridia, ad nervos prominentes v. initio etiam tota facie sparse pilosa; petioli 5-
10 cm. longi, breviter hirti. Inflorescentia cymosa, axillaris, ut rami hirta, pedun-
culo nudo 1-1.8 cm. longo suffulta, circiter 30-flora; flores pro genere normales,
flavo-virides(?), 4-5 mm. diam.j sepala deltoidea, acuta, extus hirta, petalis cucul-

RHAMNACEAE. — BERCHEMIA 213

latis staminibusque subaequilonga; ovaria bilocularia, apice hirta, stj^lis 2 coro-
nata. Fructusgloboso-ellipticus, circiter 12 mm. longus et 9mm. latus, glaber, rubro-
brunneu3(?); semina 2, nigro-olivacea, laevia, nitida; pedicelli fructiferi 5-9 mm.
longi.

Yunnan: Szemao, W. Mts., alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 12086% type; thorny
tree, 3.75 m. tall), forests, alt. 1600 m. (No. 12086''; tree 5 m. tall).

I cannot identify these specimens with any species hitherto described, but
the Asiatic species of this genus need a thorough revision.

Zizyphus spec.

Yunnan: Szemao, alt. 1800 m., forest, A. Henry (No. 11726; large climbing
shrub, white flowers).

Although rather resembling Z. yunnanensis this specimen may represent an-
other new species, differing from the last in its thorny branchlets which bear a
rather thick rufous pubescence as do the petioles and the inflorescence. In
shape and pubescence the young and thin leaves hardly differ from those of
Z. yunnanensis, but their margin is more serrulate. The inflorescence shows no
marked difference, but I have not seen the petals.

BERCHEMIA Neck.

Berchemia floribunda Brongniart in Ann. Sci. Nat. X. 357, t. 13, i.
{Mem. Fam. Rhamn. 50) (1826). — Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit.
Ind. I. 637 (1875).

Zizyphus floribunda Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 368 (1824).

Nepal to Khasia.

Berchemia floribunda, var. megalophylla, Schneider, n. var.

A typo praecipue differt foliis majoribus 8-13 cm. longis 5-7.5 cm.
latis apice in acumen paullo brevius productis, pedicellis florum ex-
pansorum paullo brevioribus.

Kiangsi : near Ruling, alt. 1120 m., thickets, August 1909 (No.
1514; semiscandent shrub, 1.5-5 m. tall, flowers white). Yunnan:
Szemao, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 11747^; large climber on trees,
flowers white).

At first sight the large leaves seem to distinguish the Chinese forms from those
of the Himalaya and Khasia, but after having examined ample material of B.
floribunda I cannot find other differences sufficient to make it possible to con-
sider var. megalophylla a species.

Berchemia Giraldiana Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 263,-
fig. 182 m-n, 183 k (1909).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, among rocks, alt. 300-1000
m.. May 1907 (No. 3387; spreading shrub 1-3 m.); north and south
of Ichang, thickets, alt. 600-1300 m., common, July and August 1907

214 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

(No. 3390; in part; scandent shrub 2-6 m. tall, flowers white, fruit
red and black); Changyang Hsien, alt. 600-1300 m., July 1907 (No.
3390, in part; scandent shrub 4 m. tall, flowers white). Yunnan:
Mengtze, in woods, alt. 2200 m., A. Henry, No. 10803). Shensi:
G. Giraldi (No. 944-949, type, 1796, 4924^26, 4928).

This species which seems to be widely distributed may be at once distinguished
by its papillose leaves and obtuse flower-buds. The cylindric obtuse fruits of
Henry's 10803 are up to 11 mm. long and about 4-5 mm. thick, while Wilson's
numbers bear rather smaller fruits. It needs further observation to decide if
these are two distinct but closely related species. Wilson's No. 2230, June 1901
(Veitch Exped.), a rather meagre flowering branch, agrees in the flowers with B.
Giraldiana, but the rather large leaves (10.5 cm.) have only 8 pairs of nerves and
no distinct papillae. In Henry's number some leaves are very broadly ovate and
measure up to 8.6 cm. and with its larger fruits it may possibly represent a dis-
tinct variety. The inflorescence of this species is not always quite glabrous.

Berchemia hypochrysa Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex scandens ad 7.5 m. altus; ramuli glaberrimi, hornotini
rotundi, flavescentes v. brunnescentes, interdum leviter pruinosi,
annotini ut videtur fuscescentes; gemmae normales, 3-5 mm. longae.
Foha papyracea, ovata v. elliptica, basi rotunda v. subcordata, apice
satis obtusa brevissime apiculata, supra viridia, glabra, subtus in
sicco flava, nervis utrinque 12-14 distinctissimis, glabra, sub lente
papillosa, 6-11 cm. longa, 3.5-5.2 cm. lata; petioli glabri, 1.3-2 cm.
longi. Inflorescentia in apice ramulorum lateralium 3-14 cm. longo-
rum foliosorum anguste paniculata, 6-10 cm. longa, glaberrima, axibus
inferioribus vix ad 3 cm. longis; flores viridi-flavescentes (sec. cl.
Wilson), circiter 1.5 mm. longi, pedicelli 1.5-2.5 mm. longi; sepala
obtusiuscula; petala sepalis paullo breviora, intensius colorata, late
obovata, staminibus aequilonga; antherae albescentes; ovaria parva,
stigmatibus fere sessilibus instructa, disco aequilongo circumcincta.
Fructus ignotus.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 1600-2000 m., June
1908 (No. 3383, type); near Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2000-2500 m.,
July 1908 (No. 3383^); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
4776); without precise locality, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3338).
Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m.,
June 1907 (No. 3382); without locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped.
No. 2041).

The dried leaves of this species are golden on the under surface. It seems most
nearly related to B. Giraldiana Schneider, but differs in its longer leaves and much
Bmaller inflorescence.

RHAMNACEAE. — BERCHEMIA 215

Berchemia sinica Schneider, n. sp. - ^ ruic^v.^w^^

Frutex scandens, 4-6-metralis; ramuli rotundi, glabri, flavescentes
V. leviter brunnescentes ; gemmae stipulaeque normales. Folia papyra-
cea, ovata v. minora ovato-rotunda, basi rotundata v. subcordata, apice
plerumque obtusa, interdum subrotunda, raro subacuta,nervisutrinque
8-10, supra viridia, an opaca?, subtus satis pallida, nervis in sicco flaves-
centibus, pruinosa v. indistincte papillosa, minora 1.6-2.5 cm. longa
et 1.3-2,2 cm. lata, majora 3-5 cm. longa et 2-3 cm. lata; petioli 0.9-
2 cm. longi, glabri. Inflorescentia terminalis, anguste paniculata v.
racemoso-paniculata, glabra, 8-12 cm. longa; floras ad 3-8 fascicu-
lati, flavescentes, fragrantes, circiter 2-2.5 cm. longi; alabastra
globosa obtusa, pedicellis sublongiora; sepala oblongo-ovata, apice
obtusa; petala sepalis breviora, obovata, basi breviter unguiculata,
staminibus aequilonga; ovaria discum paullo superantia. Fructus
cylindricus, niger, 5-6 mm. longus, 2.5 mm. crassus.

Western Hupeh : Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-1200 m.,
June 1907 (No. 3386, type). Western Szech'uan: west and near
Wen-ch'uan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1600-2000 m., June and July
1908 (No. 3380); without locality, alt. 3150 m., June 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3337). Eastern Kansu : 1885, G. N. Potanin (a rather
meagre fruiting specimen in Herb. Bot. Gard. St. Petersbourg, deter-
mined as B. lineata).

I am not quite convinced that Potanin's specimen really belongs to B. sinica.
According to the shape of the non-papillose leaves, their long petioles and the
rather obtuse flower-buds Wilson's No. 700 1 from western Hupeh, July 1900
(specimen in Herb. Hofmuseum, Vienna) might be referred to this species, although
the inflorescence much resembles that of B. yunnanensis Schneider.

Berchemia pycnantha Schneider, n. sp. ^ IS . ruuL^..^^^,^^

Frutex diffusus v. scandens 2.5-5 m. altus; ramuli hornotini glabri,
rotundi, viridi-olivacei, vetustiores flavido-brunnescentes; gemmae
stipulaeque ut videtur normales. Folia papyracea, ovato-elliptica
V. oblongo-elhptica v. ovata, basi obtusa v. rotunda, apice distincte
acuta, mucronulata, supra obscure viridia, glabra, subtus pallide
viridia v. pallida, satis distincte papillosa, nervis utrinsecus plerumque
10-13, minora circiter 3-4 cm. longa et 1.6-2.5 cm. lata, majora 3-
6.5 cm. longa et 1.5-2.7 cm. lata; petioli 1-1.5 cm. longi, glabri. In-
florescentia racemoso-paniculata, densiflora, terminalis, in apice

^ The specimen of this number from Patung Hsien in the Ilcrbarium of the
Arnold Arboretum certainly belongs to B. sinica. A. R. and E. H. W.

/

216 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

ramorum lateralium brevium 1-5 cm. longorum, glaberrima, an
nutans?; flores flavescentes, 3-8 conferti; alabastra apiculata; pedi-
celli floribus sublongiores; sepala patula, apice breviter acuminata,
petalis obovalibus longiora; ovaria discum duplo superantia. Fructus
cylindricus, 8-9 mm. longus, 4-4.5 mm. crassus, basi disco 1 mm.
longo circumdatus, apice stylo 1 mm. longo coronatus, pedicello 2-
2.5 mm. longo.

Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Nin-tou-shan,
alt. 2300-2600 m., June 1908 (No. 3381, type); north of Tachien-lu,
thickets, alt. 1300-2000 m., June 1908 (No. 3379)-

The dense-flowered rather short inflorescence, terminating very short branchlets
which commonly bear only 2 or 3 leaves, distinguish this species at once. It seems
most nearly related to B. kulingensis Schneider, which differs in its scarcely papil-
lose leaves, its more acute flower-buds and in its minute ciliate sepals. A specimen
collected by E. Maire, Yunnan, alt. 400 m., June 1910, with rather young flowers
of which the sepals are more obtuse, much resembles this number. The leaves,
however, arc more ovate, otherwise I can detect no difference.

Berchemia kulingensis Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, ad 3 m. altus; ramuli hornotini flavescentes,
glabri, rotundi, deinde brunnescentes; gemmae stipulaeque normales.
Folia papyracea, ovata v. ad basim inflorescentiae late lanceolata, apice
acuta, mucronulata, basi rotunda v. subcordata, 2.5-5 cm. longa, et
1.2-2.5 cm. lata, supra viridia, glabra, subtus palhda, glabra, vix
papillosa, nervis utrinque 8-9; petioh 0.6-0.9 cm. longi, glabri. In-
florescentia satis anguste paniculata, in apice ramulorum lateralium
3-18 cm. longorum terminalis, infra foliata, glabra, 3 ad 8 cm. longa;
flores viridescentes, 2-3 conferti; alabastri globosi, sed distincte
subito acuminati, petiolo floribus sub-breviore; sepala acuminata,
minutissime ciliata, petalis obovalibus longiora; ovaria discum duplo
superantia. Fructus ignotus.

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, alt. 1600 m., abundant, July 28, 1907
(No. 1513).

According to the leaves and flowers a specimen collected by C. Ford at Hongkong
may belong to this species, but the inflorescence of the Hongkong plant looks
rather different, terminating shorter branches or being sometimes quite axillary.
The petioles measure up to 11 mm.

erchemia 3ainnanensis Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, ser. 2,
VIII. (XXXIII.) 456 (1886).

Descriptio emendanda: Frutex scandens, 3-5 m. altus; ramuli ab
initio glabri, rotundi, olivacei v. fuscescentes; gemmae stipulaeque

RHAMNACEAE. — BERCHEMIA 217

normales. Folia papyracea, plerumque elliptica v. ovata v. interdum
ovato-rotunda, basi rotunda v. subcordata, apice plerumque obtusa
V. rotunda, distincte mucronulata, supra viridia, glabra, subtus
pallida, distincte papillosa, nervis utrinque (6-)8-10 instructa, mi-
nora et latiora 2-2.5 cm. longa et 1.3-2 cm. lata, cetera 2-4.5 cm. longa
et 1-2.7 cm. lata; petioli 2-5 mm. longi, supra pilosi. Inflorescentia
pseudo-racemosa, in apice ramulorum lateralium 1-18 cm. longorum
terminalis, glabra; flores 2-5 conferti, flavescentes, glabri; alabastra
triangularia, acuta; pedicelli floribus aequilongi v. paullo longiores;
sepala late lanceolata, sensim acuminata, petalis obovato-oblongis
paullo longiora; ovaria stylo satis longo coronata. Fructus ignotus.

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-1150 m., July
1907 (No. 3384; scandent bush 3-4 m., flowers yellowish); Changlo
Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-1000 m., June 1907 (No. 3385; scandent
shrub, 2-5 m., flowers greenish- white) ; Nanto, glens, June 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 1179). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien,
A. Henry (No. 5283). Yunnan: Szemao, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry
(No. 10376^).

The numbers quoted above seem to agree very well with each other, but I am
not quite convinced that they truly represent Franchet's species, which I know
only from the rather imperfect description and without having seen the tyije speci-
men my interpretation remains somewhat doubtful. The type was found by
Delavay in Yunnan " in silvis ad Hee-chan-men supra Lankong; Fl. 25 maj. 1888 "
and Franchet says: " Espece assez bien characterisee par sa grappe courte et
cylindrique."

Here may be added the description of a new variety not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Berchemia yunnanensis, var. trichoclada Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit ramulis rhachibusque inflorescentiae et petiohs supra breviter
dense villosis.

Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4777; shrub
2 m. tall).

This variety is well characterized by the pubescent branchlets, otherwise it
agrees with the specimens referred to B. yunnanensis by Schneider, who did not
see this number. The leaves of this new variety are rather small, 1.5-2.5 cm.
long; the flowering branchlets are short and straight usually 4-6, occasionally to
9 cm. long including the inflorescence the leafless part of which is rather dense-
flowered and from 2 to 4 cm. long. In its pubescent branchlets this variety agrees
with B. lineata De CandoUe, but that species has much smaller, very short-petioled
leaves, and the flowers are in axillary few-flowered cymes at the end of the branches,
not in elongated spikes. A. R. and E. H. W.

It seems rather difficult to limit the different species of this genus without hav-
ing seen both flowering and fruiting branches of the same shrub. I have, however,
made an attempt to make a key to the species.

218 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

CLAVIS SPECIERUM ASIATICARUiM.i

Inflorescentia maxima, late paniculata axibus inferioribus lateralibus saopissime
ramosis et pleruxaque plus quam 5 cm. longis (inflorescentia anguste paniculata
in No. 5, sed foliis valde discoloribus).

Alabastra ovato-globosa, sed apice subito et distincte acuminata; folia subtus

pruinosa v. subpapillosa, sed papillis globosis confertis sub lente non

distinctis.

Folia maxima ramulorum floriferorum vix plus quam 7 cm. longa, apice sub-

obtusa in acumen brevissimum subito producta, nervis utrinque 6-8-10;

fructus versus apicem leviter incrassatus 1. B. racemosa.

Folia maxima ramulorum floriferorum fere semper distincte longiora, versus
apicem subito attenuata, breviter acuminata, nervis utrinque 10-16.

2. B. floribunda.

Alabastra ovato-globosa, sed apice obtusa v. vix acuta; folia subtus sub lente

distincte papillosa.

Inflorescentia late paniculata ad 20 cm. longa, ramis inferioribus lateralibus

ad 9 cm. longis; folia maxima vix plus quam 8 cm. longa, subtus in sicco

pallida 3. B. Giraldiana.

Inflorescentia anguste paniculata, vix 12 cm. longa, ramis inferioribus laterali-
bus vix ad 3 cm. longis; folia maxima ad 11 cm. longa, subtus in sicco dis-
tincte flava 4. B. hypochrysa.

Inflorescentia semper anguste paniculata v. plerumque racemoso-paniculata, in-
terdum subracemosa; ^ folia maxima ramulorum floriferorum vix plus quam 6
cm. longa plerumque minora v. interdum parvula.

Petioli foliorum ramulorum floriferorum satis elongati, saepissime plus quam
6 V. 10 mm. longi; alabastra plerumque ovato-globosa, vix longiora quam
crassa.
Folia majora plus quam 6 cm. longa nervis utrinque 12-17 instructa; in-
florescentia racemoso-paniculata, satis brevis, 3-6 cm. longa.

5. B. flavescens.
Folia etiam maxima minora, baud plus quam 5.5-6 cm. longa, nervis utrinque
tantiun 6-12 instructa; inflorescentia variabilis.
Alabastra distincte obtusa; sepala obtusa; folia fere omnia apice obtusa, sub-
rotunda V. rotunda, minutissime mucronulata 6. B. sinica.

Alabastra distincte apiculata; sepala acuta v. acuminata; folia apice acuta
V. subito in acumen breve producta.
Folia late ovata, 4-6.5 cm. longa et 2-4 cm. lata . . 7. B. cinerascens.
Folia anguste ovata v. elliptica v. minora 8. B. annamensis.

^ Species sequentes: B. affinis Hasskarl, Cat. Hort. Bogor. 117 (nomen nudum)
(1844); Koorders, Excursionsfl. Java, II. 553 (1912); B. Edgeworthii Lawson in
Hooker f., Flor. Brit. Ind. I. 638 (1875); B. pubiflora Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. I.
pt. 1, 645 (1855); B. sessiliflora Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 68 (1861) mihi tantum ex
descriptione cognitae ad Berchemiam versimiliter non pertinent. B. trichantha
Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. I. 331 (1860) cujus specimen originale in Herbario
Mus. Palat. Vindob. vidi, est Smythea trichantha Schneider, n. comb. Berchemia
alnifolia L^veille, in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. X. 433 (1912) ad genus Corylopsin
pertinet. Vide C. alnifolia Schneider in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. XII. 379 (1913).

* Hie vcrisimiliter B. pauciflora Maximowicz in Bidl. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,
XXXII. 484 (1888) e Japonia inserenda est, sed mihi incognita.

RHAMNACEAE. — BERCHEMIA 219

Folia utrinque ncrvis 8-12 instructa; sepala apice satis acuminata.
Inflorescentia densiflora, pseudo-racemosa; sepala glaberrima.

9. B. pycnantha.
Inflorescentia satis laxiflora, elongata, angustc paniculata; sepala

minutissime ciliata 10. B. kuUngensis.

Folia utrinque tantum nervis 6-8 instructa; sepala apice subito sed

distincte breviter acuta 11. JS. formosana.

Petioli foliorum ramulorum floriferorum breves, vix plus quam 5 mm. longi;
alabastra triangulari-ovata, acuta v. elongata.
Ramuli glabri; folia nervis utrinque 6-10 instructa.

Folia subtus distincte papillosa 12. B. yunnanensis.

Folia subtus epapillosa 13. B. Elmeri.

Ramuli puberuli v. tomentosi. (Confer etiam B. yunnanensis, var. trichoclada) .
Folia subtus glabra.

Petala lanceolata 14. B. lineata.

Petala orbicularia 15. B. pohjphylla.

Folia " subtus ochraceo-cinerea puberula " .... 16. B. philippinensis.

ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM ASIATIC ARUM.

1. Berchemia racemosa Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. II.
147 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 1. 39) (184-5). — Maximowicz in Mem. Acad. Sci. St.
Petersbourg, ser. 7, IV. No. XI. 3 {Rhamn. Or.-As.) (1866). — Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. II. 262, fig. 182 h, 183 f-g (1909).

Japan: Kiushiu, Hondo.

2. Berchemia floribunda Brongniart. See p.213.

3. Berchemia Giraldiana Schneider. See p. 213.

4. Berchemia hypochrysa Schneider. See p. 214.

5. Berchemia flavescens Brongniart in Ann. Sci. Nat. X. 357 (M4m. Fam.
Rhamn. 50) (1826). — Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 637 (1875).

Zizyphus flavescens Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 367 (1824).

Himalaya: Nepal, Sikkim.

To this species may possibly belong Faber's No. 199 from Szech'uan, Mt.
Omei. Wallich's description agrees very well with Faber's plant, but I have
seen only a rather scanty flowering specimen of the type. Hooker says: " Young
branches with black spreading deciduous hairs," what I think is an error, the
" hairs " upon the twigs of the plant before me being the product of a fungus.
Our Chinese form needs further study.

6. Berchemia sinica Schneider. See p. 215.

7. Berchemia cinerascens Blume in Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 1, 644 (1855). —
Koorders, Excursionsfl. Java, II. 553 (1912).

Rhamnusl cinerascens Blume, Bijdr. 1141 (1826).

Western Java.

Of this species I have seen one specimen with a few very young flowers. Koord-
ers reproduces only the very short description of Blume. This species is probably
correctly referred to Berchemia and may be closely related to the following
species.

220 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

8. Berchemia annamensis Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine, I. 925 (1912).

Annam.

Judging from the description this species may bear some relations to B. cine-
rascens Blume. Both species have rather broad leaves. The flowers of B. anna-
mensis are unknown; the fruit has been described as obovate, " haut de 10-12 mm.
large au sommet de 4-5 mm. k sa base de 2 mm."
9. Berchemia pycnantha Schneider. See p. 215.

10. Berchemia kuUngensis Schneider. See p. 216.

11. Berchemia formosana Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex scandens; ramuli ab initio glabri, violacei v. fuscescentes, rotundi;
gemmae stipulaeque normales. Foha papyracea, ovata v. late ovata, glabra, basi
rotunda, apice plus minusve acuta, 2-3.5 cm. longa et 1-2 cm. lata, supra in sicco
nigrescentia, subtus albescentia pruinosa, nervis utrinque 6-8; petioli 7-9 mm.
longi, glabri. Inflorescentia pseudo-racemosa, in apice ramulorum lateralium 4-
8 cm. longorum terminalis, 2-4 cm. longa; flores 2-3 conferti, glabri; alabastra
globosa, breviter apiculata; pedicelli floribus subbreviores; sepala satis juveniUa
ovata, apice subito in acumen breve contracta; petala obovaha^ sepalis breviora;
ovaria discum distincte superantia. Fructus nondum maturus, circiter 7 mm.
longus, 2.5 mm. crassus, versus apicem attenuatus, basi disco brevissimo cinctus,
pedicellis 2 mm. longis.

Formosa: Tamsui, R. Oldham (No. 70).

I cannot unite tliis form with any other species; it may be distinguished by the
characters given in the key.

12. Berchemia yimnanensis Franchet. See p. 216.

13. Berchemia Elmeri Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex; ramuU glabri, rotundi, in sicco omnino nigricantes; gemmae stipulaeque
ut videtur normales. FoUa elUptica v. ovato-elliptica, utrinque rotunda v. apice
obtusa, mucronulata, nervis utrinque 8-10, supra viridia, subtus pallida, pruinosa
V. vix papillosa, 1.5-3 cm. longa, 0.7-1.8 cm. lata; petioU 6 mm. longi, glabri.
Inflorescentia in apice ramulorum lateralium terminalis, pseudo-racemosa v. anguste
paniculata, valde juvenilis tantum visa floribus nondum satis evolutis.

Philippine Islands: Island of Mindanao, Todaya (Mt. Apo), district of
Davao, August 1909, A. D. E. Elmer (No. 11317), sub nomme B. philippinensis
Vidal distributa.

The specimen is rather imperfect, but Vidal's description of B. philippinensis
differs in: " ramis tomentosis . . . ., foliis .... subtus puberulis." Vidal
does not describe the flowers. The very young flower-buds of B. Elmeri are globose
and rather obtuse; in the smafl, short petioled leaves it resembles B. lineata De
Candolle.

14. Berchemia lineata De Candolle, Prodr. II. 23 (1825). — Hooker & Arnott,
Bot. Voy. Beechey, 177, t. 37 (1833). — Maximowicz in M4m. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
hourg, ser. 7, IV. No. XI. 6 {Rhamn. Or.-As.) (1866). — Pitard in Lecomte, Fl.
Gen. Indo-Chine, 1. 923, fig. 116 (4-6) (1912).

Rhamnus lineatus Linnaeus, Cent. PI. II. 11 (1756); Amoen. IV. 308 (1759) —
Osbeck, Dagbok Ostind. Resa, 219, t. 7 (1757); Reise Ostind. 286, t. 7 (1765).

Southern China, Tonkin, Formosa, Liu-kiu Archipel.

The pubescence of the branchlets, petioles and inflorescence and also the shape
and size of the leaves of this species seem to vary greatly. Probably such speci-
men as Oldham's No. 69 from Formosa (anno 1864) represent a very small leaved

KHAMNACEAE. — CHAYDAIA 221

variety. The species is well distinguished by its few-flowered inflorescence, its
narrow flower-buds and by its narrow sepals and petals.

15. Berchemia polyphylla Wallich apud Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I.
638 (1872).

Birma.

I know this species only from Lawson's very short description. He says: closely
related to B. flavescens Brongniart. But according to Lawson's description it
must be rather different. The leaves are described as from 2.5 to 3.75 cm. long
with petioles only 6 mm. long. Possibly it may be related to those forms which I
have referred to B. yunnanensis.

16. Berchemia philippinensis Vidal, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. 91 (1886).
Philippine Islands: La Trinidad.

According to the description this species seems to be most nearly related to B.
lineata DeCandolle, but the leaves have 10 pairs of nerves and are puberulous
beneath. The flowers have not yet been described.

CHAYDAIA Pitard.

Chaydaia Wilsonii Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, 3-6 metralis; ramuli glabri, rotundi, novelli,
olivacei, fuscescentes, lentieellis satis numerosis et distinctis, deinde ut
videtur brunnei, leviter rimosi, vetustiores cinerei; gemmae nondum
satis evolutae; stipulae breves (an apice deciduae ut in Berchemia ?),
triangulares, dorso connatae, gemmam obtegentes. FoHa alterna,
decidua, papyracea, elliptica, basi asymmetrica, rotunda, apice obtusa
sed in acumen breve subito producta, mucronulata, 7-10 cm. longa
et 3-5 cm. lata, supra viridia, ut videtur opaca, glabra, subtus pallida,
epapillosa, tantum axillis nervorum lateralium utrinque 8-9 minute
barbulata; petioli breves, 4-5 mm. longi, glabri, supra canaliculati.
Inflorescentia terminalis, pseudo-racemosa, glabra, parte efoliata 3.5
cm. longa; flores virescentes, ad 5-fasciculati, fasciculis infimis in
axillis foliorum inter se satis distantibus; alabastra globosa, 1.5 mm.
crassa; pedicelli floribus breviores; structura florum fere ut in Ber-
chemia, sed sepalis intus in medio rostellatis; petala late obovata,
apice satis emarginata, basi breviter unguiculata, sepalis triangulari-
ovatis vix acutis subaequilonga; ovaria stylo brevi bifido coronata,
basi (tamen in floribus juvenilibus) disco satis distincto circumcincta.
Fructus ignotus.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July
1907 (No. 3388).

This species seems to be most closely related to C. tonkinensis Pitard in Lecomte
Fl. Gem,. Indo-Chine, I. 925, fig. 117 (1-3) (1912), of which I have not seen a specimen:
Pitard describes the leaves as shining above and quite glabrous. He also says:

222 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

" disque peu 4pais," and his figure shows a disk like that of Rhamnus, but in our
specimen I find the disk well developed and not very different from that of Ber-
chemia.

Chaydaia is certainly closely related both to Berchemia and to Rhamnella.
They may be distinguished as follows :

Folia integerrima, nervi utrinsecus 6-15, paralleli, a costa ad marginem dis-

tincte percurrentes et in margine ipso evanescentes; inflorescentia racemoso-

V. paniculato-cymosa.

Petioli in comparatione laminae satis longi; folia symmetrica; sepala tantum

apice intus incrassata; petala oblonga v. lanceolata, apice Integra; fructus

bilocularis. Berchemia.

Petioli satis breves, folia paullo asymmetrica; sepala intus apice incrassata et

etiam medio rostellata; petala obovalia, apice saepe undulata v. lobulata;

fructus unilocularis. Chaydaia.

Folia fere semper distincte anguste serrulata, nervi utrinsecus 5-10, paralleli

V. subparalleli, a costa versus marginem currentes sed paullo ante marginem

inflectentes diluentes; petioli satis breves v. brevissimi; inflorescentia fasci-

culato-cymosa, axillaris; sepala ut in Chaydaia; petala obovalia, basi breviter

unguiculata, apice integra v. distincte emarginata; fructus uni- v. bilocularis.

Rhamnella.

RHAMNELLA Miq.

Microrhammis Maximowicz, non A. Gray.
This genus, which has hitherto been considered monotypic, shows a rather rich
development in central China. A short description of the genus with regard to
the allied genera is given above. The sepals of all the new species and also of
R. franguloides Weberbauer are distinctly beaked in the middle, as in Chaydaia.
The ovaries seem to be always distinctly bUocular, but the fruits are often, but
not always, unilocular.

Rhamnella Wilsonii Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex 2-6 m. altus; ramuli hornotmi tenuissimi, viridescentes,
glabri v. ex parte minutissime pilosi, vetustiores brmmescentes;
gemmae parvae, obtusae; stipulae colore ramulorum, parte decidua
4 mm. longa subulata. Folia papyracea, pro genere perparva, ovata
V. anguste ovata, basi rotunda v. obtusa, apice acuta v. breviter
acuminata, margine infra medium plerumque integra, versus apicem
indistincte crenato-serrulata, dentibus satis distantibus, ea ramulorum
floriferorum 1-3.5 cm. longa et 0.6-1.6 cm. lata, a basi ramu-
lorum ad apicem accrescentia, ea ramulorum fructiferorum ad 4.2
cm. longa et 2.8 cm. lata, supra obscure viridia, glabra, subtus paullo
pallidiora, glabra v. ad costam paucissime pilosa, nervis utrinque
plerumque 5; petioh 2-4 mm. longi, parce pilosi. Ijiflorescentia
axillaris, pseudo-umbellata, sessilis v. pedunculo nudo brevissimo
suffulta, 2-3-flora, glabra; flores viridi-flavescentes, glabri, normales,
sepalis quam stamina petalaque longioribus ovatis acutis. Fructus

RHAMNACEAE. — RHAMNELLA 223

ad 7: 3.5 mm. magnus, bilocularis, flavo-brimneus (an maturus?),
pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis.

Western Szech'uan: near Monkong Ting, valley of Hsao-chin
Ho, alt. 2300-3000 m., June 29, 1908 (No. 3337).

This is a very distinct species, distinguished from all others by its very small,
sparingly dentate leaves.

Rhamnella Julianae Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex 3-5 m. altus, saepe subscandens; ramuli hornotini tomen-
telli, flavo-virides, vetustiores glabrescentes, nigrescentes, lenticellis
paucis vix visibilibus obtecti; gemmae nondum visae; stipulae ut
videtur brevissimae, basi nigrescente. Folia decidua, papyracea,
ovato-oblonga v. fere elliptica, basi rotunda v. subcordata, apice
satis subito breviter v. longiuscule acuminata, margine crenato-
serrulata dentibus accumbentibus calloso-mucronulatis, versus basim
ramulorum minora, 4-6.5 cm. longa et 2-3.5 cm. lata v. ad 10:4 cm.
magna, supra intense viridia, plerumque tantum ad costam incisam
pilosa, subtus grisea, tomentella, nervis utrinque 5-7 distincte ele-
vatis; petioli breves, tomentelli, 3-5 mm. longi. Inflorescentia
axillaris, pedunculis nudis ad 5 mm. longis, subumbellata, 2-4-flora,
tomentella; fiores virides; sepala glabrescentia v. glabra, sed ciliata,
late ovata, acuta, petalis late obovatis apice emarginatis stamini-
bus vix longiores. Fructus immaturus, 6:3 mm. v. maturius ad 7:4
mm. magnus, aurantiacus, ut videtur 2-locularis.

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, alt.
1000-1600 m., July and September 1908 (No. 3338, type); same
locality, alt. 1600 m., November 1910 (No. 4192).

This seems to be a distinct species although closely related to R. franguloides
Weberbauer, from which it differs in the characters indicated in the key. No.
4192 has a rather shorter or thinner pubescence and the leaves are somewhat more
ovate-lanceolate.

This species is named in compliment to my wife.

Rhamnella obovalis Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, 4-6 m. altus; ramuli juniores puberuli, grisei,
deinde fere glabrescentes, lenticellis numerosis obtecti; gemmae
parvae, puberulae; stipulae iis R. franguloidis similhmae, albescentes.
Folia decidua, papyracea, obovata v. obovato-oblonga, basi rotunda,
fere subcordata, obtusa v. fere subacuta, apice rotunda, sed in acumen
breve 5-8 mm. longum subito contracta, margine angustissime
tenuiter calloso-serrata dentibus accumbentibus, versus basim ramu-

224 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

loriim minora, 2.5-6 cm. longa et 6-3.2 cm, lata, v. ad 7.3 longa et
ad 3.5 cm. lata, supra viridia, fere glaberrima, subtus vix pallidiora,
breviter hirtella praesertim ad costam et nervos prominentes, nervis
utrinque 7-9 satis arcuatis; petioli tantum 1-2 mm. longi, puberuli.
Inflorescentia axillaris, pauciflora, puberula, pedunculo nudo brevis-
simo suffulta; flores nondum visi. Fructus ad 9 :4 mm. magnus, rubro-
nigrescens, unilocularis.

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1600 m., July
1907 (No. 3389, type). Kiangsi: Kiukiang, 50 m., abundant on
plain, July 27, 1907 (No. 1515; bush 1.5-5 m. tall, fruit orange).

The Kiukiang specimen differs in its obovate-oblong leaves, which measure
up to 9:3.4 cm. The older branchlets are brownish. The fruits contain only one
seed. Certainly this species is very closely related to R. franguloides Weber-
bauer, but differs in the size and shape of the leaves. I have only seen fruiting
specimens, and further investigation is needed to determine the real value of this
species. It has the same light colored bases of the stipules as R. franguloides.
The type of that species seems to be entirely absent from China, while it is abund-
ant in southern Korea. A specimen before me collected by Jelinek during the
Novara expedition near Shanghai probably belongs to R. obovalis.

CLAVIS SPECIERUM OMNIUM.

Folia parva, ovata, vix ultra 4.5 cm. longa, tantum versus apicem satis indistincte

dentata, nervis utrinsecus 4-5-(6), glaberrima 1. R. Wilsonii.

Folia majora, circumcirca distincte serrulata.
Ramuli novelli floresque glaberrimi ; folia ovato- v. oblongo-lanceolata v. ovata
V. elliptica, apice sensim acuminata v. acuta.
Folia ovato- v. oblongo-lanceolata, a medio ad apicem sensim in acumen
distinctum satis longum attenuata; inflorescentia 2-5-flora.

2. R. Martinii.
Folia ovata v. elliptica, apice satis subito acuta v. breviter acuminata; in-
florescentia 5-15-flora 3. E. Mairei.

Ramuli novelli floresque tomentelli v. plus minusve pilosi, v. subglabri et folia
obovata v. obovato-oblonga, apice subito caudato-acuminata.
Ramuli tomentelli; folia etiam matura subtus tota facie plus minusve pubes-
centia, ovata v. ovato-oblonga, versus apicem sensim acuminata.

4. R. JuUanae.

Ramuli sparse pubescentes v. subglabri; folia fere semper subtus tantum ad

nervos pubescentia v. obovalia, apice subito caudato-acuminata.

Folia elliptica v. eUiptico-oblonga, basi rotunda v. obtusa, subtus glabra

v. parce ad nervos pubescentia; inflorescentia 5-10-flora; fructus niger.

5. R. franguloides.
Folia obovalia v. obovato-oblonga, basi rotunda v. acuta, subtus ad nervos
distincte pubescentia et saepe etiam inter nervos sparse pilosa; inflores-
centia pauciflora; fructus aurantiacus (an deinde nigrescens?) .

6. R. obovalis.

RHAMNACEAE. — RHAMNELLA 225

ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM.

1. Rhamnella Wilsonii Schneider. See p. 222.

2. Rhamnella Martinii Schneider, n. comb.

Rhamnus Martini LsSveilliS in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. X. 473 (1912).

Frutex 1-1.5 m. altus; ramuli tenues, hornotini flavo-virides v. fuscescentes
(an tantum in sicco?), vetustiores nigrescentes, ex parte lenticellis flavis obtecti,
gemmae nondum visae; stipulae basi persistente nigrescente et apice subulate
deciduo 3 mm. longo instructae. Folia alterna, decidua, membranacea, oblongo-
elliptica, basi rotundata v. obtusa, apice sensim acuminata, acutissima, circum-
circa crenato-serrulata, dentibus accumbentibus calloso mucronulatis, 4-11 cm.
longa, 1.5-3.9 cm. lata, supra viridia, glabra, nervis vix v. satis incisis, subtus vix
pallidiora, tantum ad costam nervosque parce pilosa, nervis utrinque 6-8 promi-
nentibus, angulo satis acuto a costa versus marginem decurrentibus ; petioli breves,
supra sulcati, pilosi, 3-4 mm. longi. Inflorescentia axillaris, paniculato-cymosa,
sessilis v. pedunculo nudo 1-5 mm. longo suffulta, 2-5-flora, glabra; floras minutis-
simi, flavo-virides, iis R. franguloidis simillimi sepalis paullo acutioribus petalis
basi obovatis apice emarginatis exceptis. Fructus oblongus, ad 8 mm. longus et
3-3.5 mm. diam., rubro-nigrescens, pedicellis ad 4 mm. longis.

Western Hupeh: April 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1990). Kweichou: "En-
virons de Gan-pin, rochers au dessus de Ta-tong," May 23, 1898, L. Martin (Herb.
Bodinier, No. 2299, type). Yunnan : Mengtze, mountains, alt. 2800 m., A. Henry
(No. 10929).

This species seems most closely related to R. franguloides Weberbauer, but
differs from it in the more gradually acuminate leaves with more ascending and
somewhat closer nerves, in the black persistent bases of the stipules and in the
glabrous few-flowered inflorescence.

Wilson's No. 1990 which consists of flowering and fruiting branches agrees as
well with the type as Henry's No. 10929.

3. Rhamnella Mairei Schneider, sp. nov.

Frutex omnino glaberrimus; ramuli hornotini olivacei, vetustiores rubro-
brunnei, lenticellis sparsis obtecti; stipulae brunneae, apice setaceo deciduo.
Folia papyracea, ovata v. elliptica, basi rotunda v. obtusa, apice sensim acuta v.
breviter acuminata, supra viridia, nervis vix impressis utrinsecus 5-7, sub angulo
satis acuto divergentibus subtus prominentibus, margine satis angustae breviter
serrulata, 3.8-8 cm. longa, 1.7-3.5 cm. lata; petioli supra sulcati, 4-8 mm. longi.
Inflorescentia 5-15-flora, brevissime pedunculata, fasciculato-cymosa; flores
ut in R. Martinii, flavi. Fructus nondum visus.

Yunnan: " rochers de Ma-hong, juin 1910," alt. 3000 m., E. E. Maire.

This species is certainly closely related to R. Martinii Schneider, but can be easily
distinguished by the characters indicated in the key.

4. Rhamnella Julianae Schneider. See p. 223.

5. Rhamnella franguloides Weberbauer in Engler & Prantl, Nat. PJlanzcnfam.
III. Abt. V. 406 (1895). — Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 263, fig. 183 h-i,
186 h (1909).

Microrhamnus franguloides Maximowicz in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,
ser. 7, IV. No. XI. 4, t. fig. 15-23 (Rhamn. Or.-As.) (1866).

Rhamnella japonica Miqucl in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 30 (1867); Prol. Ft.
Jap. 218 (1867).

226 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Southern Japan, southern Korea.

To this species belong the following specimens from Korea, collected by U.
Faurie, Quelpaert: " in montibus," October 1908 (No. 504; tree 8-10 m. tall),
" circa Hongno," August 1907 (No. 1623), " in Hongno," August 22, 1908 (No.
640), June 28, 1908 (No. 639), and also Taquet, " in sylvis Hongno," August 1909
(No. 3214).

6. Rhamnella obovalis Schneider. See p. 223.

SAGERETIA Brongn.

Sageretia perpusilla Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex spinosus 0.75 m. altus; ramuli oppositi, juveniles vetus-
tioresque tenuiter cano-tomentelli, rotundi, cinerascentes. Folia
perparva, opposita v. subopposita ovata v. ovato-elliptica, basi in-
aequalia, rotunda v. fere subcordata, apice rotunda v. obtusa, 5-8
mm. longa, 3-4.5 mm. lata, glabra, tantum initio utrinque sparse
pilosa, utraque facie tenuiter reticulata, nervis lateralibus 3-4 vix
distinctis prominentibus, subtus vix pallidiora, margine crenato-
serrulata dentibus utrinque circiter 8-12 apice callosis; petioli 1-2
mm. longi, pilosiusculi, stipulis setaceis sublongioribus basi ornati.
Inflorescentia ut videtur apice ramulorum pseudospicam infra saepe
paniculatam terminalem formans, tomentella, ad 4 cm. longa;
flores verisimiliter pro genere normales, sessiles, subglabri. Fructus
circiter 4 mm. diam., nigro-ruber(?); semina flavida.

Western S25ecli'uan: Min valley, Mao-chou, alt. 1600-2400 m.,
May 24, 1908 (No. 3340; bush 0.75 m. tall).

This is a rather scanty specimen with a few old flowers and fruits. The leaves
are apparently young, but they are much smaller than even those of the follow-
ing species, to which S. perpusilla may be most closely related, if it does not repre-
sent a mere form of it.

Sageretia pycnophylla Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex spinosus, scandens, 2 m. altus; ramuli oppositi, juveniles
vetustioresque tomentelli, cinerascentes v. nigrescentes. Folia parva,
opposita V. subopposita, subcoriacea, glabra, elliptica v. obovato-
elliptica, utrinque rotunda v. obtusa, 9-18 mm. longa, 5-9 mm. lata
V. minima subrotunda, tantum 5 mm. longa et 4 mm. lata, supra
viridia, satis laevia, subtus in sicco flavo-viridia, distinctius reticu-
lata, nervis primariis 3-4 paullo prominentibus, margine crenulato-
serrata, dentibus utrinque 10-15 apice callosis; petioH 1-2 mm. longi,
pilosi, stipuMs setaceis deciduis subaequilongi. Inflorescentiae pseudo-
spicatae, graciles, in apice ramulorum terminales et axillares, 1-3.5

RHAMNACEAE. — SAGERETIA 227

cm. longae, glabrae v. minutissime puberulae; flores sessiles, albi,
minimi, glabri, normales; sepala receptaculo longiora, ovato-acuta;
petala sepalis breviora, alba, glabra, spathulata, emarginata, con-
voluta, staminibus sublongiora; antherae albae. Fructus ignotus.

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, arid
places, alt. 1000-1600 m., July 1908 (No. 3339).

This species seems very nearly related to S. theezans Brongniart, of which some
forms much resemble S. pycnophylla. But these forms of S. theezans have dis-
tinctly larger leaves and pubescent flowers or the leaves are of a rather different
shape. See note to *S. theezans below.

Sageretia rugosa Hance in Jour. Bot. XVI. 9 (1878).

Sageretia ferruginea Oliver in Hooker's Icon. VIII. pi. 1710 (1887).
Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m.,
August 1907 (No. 2588, scandent bush 4 m.).

This number agrees very well with the drawing and description given by Oliver
of Henry's No. 2701 from Ichang, which I have not seen. Oliver seems to have
overlooked S. rugosa Hance, the type of which came from the province of Kwang-
tung. Hance's description of S. rugosa agrees with that of Oliver. The plate
shows that the petals are pubescent on the outside, but neither Oliver nor Hance
say anything about this important character in their descriptions. Unfortunately
the flowers of Wilson's specimen are far too young to show this character. The
permanent pubescence of the underside of the leaves affords the best character to
distinguish this and S. omeiensis from other species of the genus.

Sageretia theezans Brongniart in Ann. Sci. Nat. X. 360 (Mem.
Fam. Rhamn. 53) (1826). — Maximowicz in Mem. Acad. Sci. St.
Petershourg, s6t. 7, IV. No. XI. 20 {Rhamn. Or. -As.) (1866). — Law-
son in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 641 (1875). — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXIII. 131 (1886).

Rhamnus Thea Osbeck, Dagbok Ostind. Resa, 232 (nomen nudum) (1157);

Reise Ostind. China, 302 (nomen nudum) (1765). — Linnaeus, Mant. Alt. 207

(quasi synon.) (1771).
Rhamnus theezans Linnaeus, Mant. Alt. 207 (1771).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, cliffs of Yangtsze River, alt.
30-300 m., March 1908 (No. 3341 ; spreading bush 1-2 m.). Chekiang:
vicinity of Ningpo, D. Macgregor, 1908.

Wilson's specimen differs somewhat from the type, as understood by me, in
its rather round leaves. Very similar forms occur in Formosa {A. Henry, No. 227)
and also in Korea {Taquet, Quelpaert, October 29, 1908, No. 641; R. Oldham,
Korean Arch., 1863, No. 1661). It is, however, difficult to decide, if they represent a
distinct variety without having made further investigations. The tjiae is some-
what uncertain, but Linnaeus describes the leaves as ovate, and I have seen some

228 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

specimens from the neighbourhood of Canton, where Osbeck collected the type,
which might represent it.

Here may be added the description of a new variety from Korea:

Sageretia theezans, var. tomentosa Schneider, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis subtus distinctius tomentosis tomento ut videtur tarda
deciduo.

Korea: Quelpaert, " in sepibus, raro," October 28, 1908, Taquet (No. 643).

Another very glabrous variety or even a distinct species may be represented in
Sageretia Chanetii Schneider, comb. nov. (Berchemia Chaneti Leveille in Fedde, Rep.
Sp. Nov. X. 433 (1912) from ChihU " montagnes de Ping-Chan, 15 juin 1908," L.
Chanet (No. 232). I have seen a small piece of the type specimen with oblong-
elliptic leaves, which measure 2.5-4.5 cm. in length and 1-2.2 cm. in width.

Sageretia subcaudata Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex ad 1.5 m. altus; ramuli annotini plus minusve puberuli,
olivaceo-brunnescentes, vetustiores cinerascentes, vix v. valde glabres-
centes; folia tenuiter coriacea, opposita v. subopposita, ovata v.
ovato-elliptica, basi leviter cordata, apice subito in acumen 1 cm.
longum producta, 5-9 cm. longa, 2.5-4.5 cm. lata v. minora elliptico-
rotunda, 2-3.5 cm. longa et 2-2.5 cm. lata, supra viridia, sublucida,
glabra, nervis incisis, subtus vix pallidiora, nitidula, distincte reticu-
lata, tantum ad nervos utrinsecus 6-9 prominentes parce pilosa (an
juvenilia distincte pubescentia?), margine calloso-crenulata; petioli
3-7 mm. longi, supra sulcati, distincte puberuli; stipulae filiformes,
puberulae, ad 6 mm. longae. Inflorescentia tantum deflorata visa,
ad 7 cm. longa, subspinosa, tomentella, parce ramosa; flores?. Fructus
niger; semina late obovata, plana, flava, normalia.

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, ravines, alt. 200-400 m.,
rare, April 3, 1907 (No. 3343, type); without precise locahty, banks
of Yangtsze River; March 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 42).

Sageretia Cavaleriei Schneider, n. comb.

Berchemia Cavaleriei Leveille in Fedde Rep. Sp. Nov. X. 433 (1912).

Frutex ad 2.5 m. altus v. scandens, vix spinosus; ramuli annotini
glabri, striati, cinerascentes, deinde nigrescentes. Folia subopposita,
tenuiter coriacea, lanceolata v. late lanceolata, basi acuta v. obtusa,
apice longe acuminata, tantum ea in basi ramulorum ovalia et utrin-
que obtusiora, supra intense viridia, sublucida, glabra, tantum costa
distincte incisa, subtus pallide viridia, glabra, costa nervisque utrinque
5-8 elevatis, utraque facie tenuissime reticulata, margine breviter
crenato-serrata dentibus callosis incumbentibus, longiora (lanceolata
et acuminata) 8-12 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata, minora 5-9 cm. longa,

RHAMNACEAE. — SAGERETIA 229

1.5-3.6 cm. lata; petioli 4-10 mm. longi, glabri v. in sulco minute
puberuli. Inflorescentiae graciles, axillares terminalesque, glabrae,
folia paullo superantes v. iis breviores; flores pedicellati pedicellis 0.5-3
mm. longis, glabri, pro genera normales, albescentes, aperti; sepala
obtusa V. subsessilia, petalis spathulatis emarginatis longiora; an-
therae obtusissimae. Fructus ut videtur subglobosus, ruber.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 600-1000 m.,
August 1907 (No. 2589; scandent bush 2-4: m., flowers white).
Western Szech'uan: near Wa-shan, valley of Tung River, alt.
600-1300 m., October 1908 (No. 3342; bush 5 m., flowers white) ; same
locahty, September 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3336) ; without locality,
August 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4807); A. Henry (No. 7118).
Yunnan : Mengtze, wooded cliffs, alt. 2200 m., A. Henry (No. 11240).
Kweichou: " Keou-Tchoang, Kouy-Tin," November 23, 1902, J.
Cavalerie (No. 725, type).

After I had finished these studies I received the type of L6veill6's species, which
agrees exactly with Wilson's Nos. 4807, 3336, 2589). No. 3342 and Henry's
Nos. 7118, 11240 differ in the branchlets and petioles being minutely pubescent.

CLAVIS SPECIERUM ASIATICARUM.

Flores sessiles v. subsessiles.

Folia parva, vix ad 2 cm. longa.

Folia minima tantum 0.5-0.8 mm. longa 1. *S. perpusilla.

Folia majora, maxima ad 2 cm. longa.

Inflorescentia fere glabra; flores glaberrimi 2. S. pycnophylla.

Inflorescentia distincte pilosa v. villosa. (Confer etiam No. 7).

3. S. Brandrethiana.
Folia mediocra v. magna, saepissime plus quam 2.5 cm. longa.

Folia matura subtus tomento permanente haud facile detergibili obtecta,
distincte reticulata.
Folia plerumque 4.5-7 cm. longa, petiolis 2-6 mm. longis. Petala extus

pilosa 4. (S. rugosa.

FoHa 7.5-11 cm. longa; petioli 8-15 mm. longi. Petala glaberrima.

5. S. omeiensis.

Folia initio subtus tomento mox deciduo et facile detergibili obtecta, glabra

V. subglabra, matura semper valde glabrescentia v. glabra.

Nervi primarii laterales a costa ad marginem percurrentes 5-10, subtus

distincte elevati, supra fere semper incisi; folia apice saepissime

acuminata.

Folia permagna, 10-15 cm. longa, v. glabra, tantum subtus in axillis

leviter barbulata, nervis utrinque 8-10; petioli glabri v. supra pilis

paucis sparsis instructi Q. S. hamosa.

Folia minora; petioli supra v. tota facie pilosi.

Folia supra opaca, membranacea, subtus plerumque tarde glabrescentia,
subito acuminata, nervis utrinque 6-9; inflorescentia tomentosa.

7. S. subcaudata.

230 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Folia supra nitentia, chartacea, mox glabra, sensim acuminata, nervia
utriuque 5-7.
Petioli tota facie ut ramuli inflorescentiaque villosi v. tomentelli;

antherae apice obtusissimae 8. S. filiformis.

Petioli tantum supra ut ramuli inflorescentiaeque pilosi. Antherae

apice brevissime apiculatae 9. S. apiculata.

Nervi primarii laterales a costa ad marginem percurrentes tantum 2-5,
subtus satis pauUo prominentes, supra vix v. baud incisi; folia apice
rotunda, obtusa v. acuta, sed non acuminata.
Nervi primarii utrinque tantum 2-3, perobliqui . , 10. S. paudcostata.

Nervi primarii fere semper 4-5, normales 11. *S. theezans.

Floras plus minusve distincte pedicellati 12. S. Cavaleriei .

CONSPECTUS SPECIERUM ASIATICARUM.

1. Sageretia perpusilla Schneider. See p. 226.

2. Sageretia pycnophylla Schneider. See p. 226.

3. Sageretia Brandrethiana Aitchison in Jour. Linn. Soc. VIII. 62 (1865). —
Boissier, Fl. Orient. II. 22 (1872). — Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 642 (1875).

Northwestern India: Afghanistan, according to Lawson westward to
Persia and Arabia.

Of the type specimens I have only seen Griffith's No. 2020 from Afghanistan
which fully agrees with Aitchison's description, the leaves having a dense woolly
whitish covering on their under surface.

Sageretia Brandrethiana, var. Bornmuelleri Schneider, var. nov.
A typo recedit foliis subtus valde glabrescentibus subintegerrimis.
Southeastern Persia: Prov. of Kerman, Rahbur, "in reg. calida, raro,"
alt. 2700 m., July 29, 1892, F. Bornmuller (No. 3430).

4. Sageretia rugosa Hance. See p. 227.

5. Sageretia omeiensis Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex subscandens; ramuli ut petioli inflorescentiaque cano-tomentulosi,
rotundi, striati. Folia crasse membranacea, ovato-oblonga, basi rotunda, leviter
inaequalia, apice acuminata, 7.5-10 cm. longa, 3.5-4.5 cm. lata, supra viridia,
glabra v. subglabra, subtus albescentia v. leviter brunnescentia, tomentosa, nervia
utrinque 7-9, supra incisis, subtus valde prominentibus glabrescentibus, margine
calloso-serrulata, petioli 8-15 mm. longi, sulcati. Inflorescentia terminaUs, pani-
culata, infra fohacea, ad 16 cm. longa; flores sessiles, pro genere normales, extus
basi V. tota facie pubescentes ; petala sepalis breviora, glabra. Fructus desideratur.

Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, September 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4816).

This species is very closely related to S. rugosa Hance, but it may be at once
distinguished from that species by its longer leaves with longer petioles. The
petals are quite glabrous.

6. Sageretia hamosa Brongniart in Ann. Sci. Nat. X. 360 (Mem. Fam. Rhamn.
53) (1826). — Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 641 (1875).

Zizyphus hamosa WalUch in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 369 (1824).
? Rhamnus affinis Blume, Bijdr. 1140 (1826).

Rhamnus costaia Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bot. I. pt. 1, 645 (1855). — Trimen, Handb.
Fl Ceylon, 1. 284 (1893).

Nepal, Peninsular India, Ceylon, Java, ? Formosa.

RHAMNACEAE. — SAGERETIA 231

Of this species I have only seen a specimen from Ceylon collected by Thwaites,
No. 2477. Trimen, 1. c, cites this number under S. costata, but he says: "This
may perhaps not be distinct from S. hamosa." In fact Wallich's description agrees
with that of Miquel and our specimen agrees with it. Wallich's statement " leaves

from four to sixteen inches long " is certainly a misprint. Trimen and

Lawson say 3 (or 2)-5 in., but the leaves of No. 2477 exactly measure up to 6 in.
(15.5 cm.).

7. Sageretia subcaudata, Schneider. See p. 228.

8. Sageretia filiformis G. Don, Gen. Syst. II. 29 (1832).

? Rhamnus filiformis Roth in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. V. 293 (1819) ; Nov.

PI. Spec. 153 (1821).
Rhamnus parviflora Klein in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. V. 295 (1819).
Zizyphus oppositifolia Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 370 (1824).
Rhamnus trigynus D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 190 (1825).
Sageretia oppositifolia Brongniart in Ann. Sci. Nat. X. 360, t. 13, ii. (MSm.

Fam. Rhamn. 53) (1826). — Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 641

(1875).
? Sageretia parviflora G. Don, Gen. Syst. II. 29 (1832).

Northwestern and subtropical Himalaya, western Peninsula,
? Java.

Wallich himself says (1. c. p. 371) that Heyne's specimen, which represents the
tj^je of Roth's filiformis, " comes very near to my plant and may perhaps be one and
the same species."

9. Sageretia apiculata Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex alte scandens, spinosus; ramuli juniores breviter villosi, striati, vetus-
tiores rotundi, cinerascentes. Folia opposita, crasse membranacea, ovata v.
ovato-oblonga, basi leviter inaequalia rotunda, apice acuminata v. minora tantum
acuta (v. minima obtusa), majora 5-7.5 cm. longa et 2.5-3 cm. lata, versus basim
ramulorum pauUo minora et fere latiora, in inflorescentiis minima, obtusiora,
margine satis anguste calloso-serrulata, vix crenata, supra viridia, sublucida, subtus
pallidiora, utraque facie mox glaberrima, nervis utrinque 4-7, supra incisis, subtus
elevatis; petioli 3-6 mm. longi, supra sulcati et puberuU. Inflorescentia apice
ramulorum terminalis, paniculata, infra foliata, plus quam 20 cm. longa, minute
pilosa; flores albescentes, sessiles, glabri, aperti, pro genere normales; sepala re-
ceptaculo longiora, acuta; petala sepalis breviora; antherae apice brevissime
apiculatae. Fructus ruber, globoso-obovalis, circiter 5-6 mm. longus et 4.5-5
mm. crassus; semina flavescentia, lenticularia.

Yunnan: Mengtze, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 10144, type); alt. 2200 m.,
woods, A. Henry (No. 10144^). This seems to be a good species, which is most
nearly related to S. filiformis. I have never seen apiculated anthers in any other
species of this genus.

10. Sageretia paucicostata Maximowicz in Act. Hart. Petrop. XI. 101 (1890).
Kansu: " valle fl. Peishui infra Kang-tin," June 21, 1885, Potanin.
According to the description this species seems very closely related to the next.

The author says: " S. parviflorae Don affinior quam aliis, sed foliorum forma, re-
ticulo utrinque prominulo et pube differt." Without having seen the type specimen
I cannot judge the value of this species.

11. Sageretia theezans Brongniart. See p. 227.

12. Sageretia Cavaleriei Schneider. See p. 228.

232 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

RHAMNUS L.

Rhamnus crenatus Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad Munch. IV,
pt. II. 146 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 38) (1845). — Maximowicz in Mem.
Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, s6t. 7, IV. No. XI. 18 (Rhamn. Or.-As.)
(1866). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 269, fig. 186 p-q,
185 f-gi (1909).

Kiangsi: alt. 1600 m., abundant, July 28, 1907 (No. 1684; bush
0.25-1.25 m., flowers white). Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien,
thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., July and September 1907 (No. 137; bush
1.5-2.5 m., flowers whitish, fruit black); Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt.
600-1300 m., June and July 1907 (Nos. 3327, 3329^; bush 3-5 m.,
flowers greenish, fruit black); Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1300
m., June and July 1907 (No. 3329; bush 3 m., flowers greenish-white,
fruit black); Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., June and
July 1907 (No. 3330; bush 1.5-3 m., flowers greenish, fruit black);
Changyang Hsien, June and July 1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 1135,
1135=*); without locality, A. Henry (No. 6058). Eastern Sze-
ch'uan : Wushan Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1000-1300 m., June and
September 1907 (No. 3328; bush 1-2 m., flowers greenish, fruit black).
Chekiang : vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor. Fokien : with-
out precise locality, Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Herb. Bot.
Gard. Hongkong, Nos. 2488, 2495).

R. crenatus, the type of which is Japanese, seems to be a widely spread and
rather variable species and I cannot find any real differences between the Japanese
specimens and those from central China. The shape of the leaves and the amount
of pubescence are very variable and it would require a special study to decide
whether all these forms belong to one species or not.

Rhamnus heterophyllus Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XVIII. t. 1759
(1888). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 459 (1900).

Rhamnus Cavaleriei L6veille in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. IX. 326 (1910).

Western Szech'uan : thickets in rocky places, alt. 1000-1300 m.,
July, October and November 1908 (Nos. 1013, 1242; bush 1-1.5 m.,
branches usually decumbent, fruit black); Kuan Hsien, thickets, alt.
1300-1600 m., October 1910 (No. 4186; bush 1.5-2 m., fruit black).
Kweichou: near Pin-ne, August 1, 1905, J. Cavalerie (No. 2477,
type of R. Cavaleriei; shrub 1.9 m. tall).

I cannot find any marked difference between any of the numbers cited above.
Unfortunately neither Oliver nor L^veille lay stress upon the persistent, sub-
spinose stipules, which, I think, are a rather important character. R. heterophyllus

RHAMNACEAE. — RHAMNUS 233

Oliver and R. procumbens Edgeworth, may represent a peculiar group of the genus,
if not a subgenus.

Rhamnus Esquirolii Leveille in Fedde Rep. Sp. Nov. X. 473 (1912).

Descriptio nova emendata: Frutex 1.5-3 m. altus, espinosus;
ramuli initio puberuli, olivacei, deinde brunnescentes, lenticellis parvis
obtecti, glabrescentes v. glabri; gemmae satis evolutae nondum visae,
ut videtur subnudae. Folia alterna, decidua, papyracea, majora
elliptico-lanceolata v. late lanceolata, basi rotunda v. obtusa, apice
sensim v. satis subito acuminata, 7-14.5 em. longa, 1.5-5 cm. lata,
minora saepissime ovata v. ovato-elliptica, 2-7 cm. longa, 1.2-3 cm.
lata, apice obtusiora, supra satis viridia, opaca?, glabra v. costa im-
pressa pilis paucis conspersa, subtus vix pallidiora, ut videtur nitida,
tenue pilosa v. glabra, nervis a costa versus marginem currentibus
utrinque 5-8 satis curvatis campylotropis, rete nervorum satis con-
spicuo, margine denticulata, dentibus brevibus distantibus callosis;
petioli pilosi, 5-10 cm. longi; stipulae ut bracteae setaceae, breves,
persistentes, flavo-brunnescentes, pungentes. Inflorescentia axillaris,
plerumque elongata, racemoso-fasciculata, ad 2.5 cm. longa, v. fas-
ciculum sessilem formans, pilosa; flores pentameri, pilosi, an dioeci?,
fere sessiles v. pedicellis ad 3 mm. longis pilosis; sepala triangularia,
acuta, receptaculo subaequilonga; petala sepalis paullo breviora,
obovata, basi breve unguiculata, in sicco nigrescentia, staminibus
subaequilonga; antherae flavo-albae (baud nigrescentes ut a cl. Le-
veille descriptae); ovaria satis parva, stylis 2-3 contiguis instructa.
Fructus ignotus.

Western Szech'uan: Yachou Fu, thickets, alt. 1300 m., June
1908 (No. 3334; bush 1.5-2.3 m., flowers greenish); Mt. Omei, June
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4800; shrub 2.5 m. tall). Kweichou:
'' Pin Fa," woods, June 15, 1906; J. Esquirol (No. 392, type).

Wilson's specimens differ from L^veille's type only in the more glabrous leaves
and branchlets. In the persistent rather pungent stipules, which Leveill6 does
not mention, this species resembles R. heterophyllus Oliver from which it is other-
wise totally different. It may be related to the following group of species, espe-
cially to R. nipalensis Wallich, but none of these species with an elongated inflores-
cence bears persistent and prickly stipules.

Rhamnus paniculiflorus Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex 1.5-3 m. altus saepe scandens, inermis; ramuli initio et
annotini puberuli, olivaceo-brunnei, lenticellis numerosissimis brun-
neis verrucosi. Folia alterna, decidua (an semper?), subcoriacea,
ovato-eUiptica, elliptica v. elliptico-oblonga, basi rotunda v. obtusa,

234 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

apice satis subito acuminata acumine 1-1.5 cm. longo, satis indis-
tincte breviter dentata, basim versus integra, toto circuitu angustis-
sime cartilagineo-marginata, supra viridia, sublucida, glabra, subtus
vix pallidiora, etiam sublucida, juvenilia ad nervos sparse pilosa,
matura tantum in axillis nervorum utrinsecus 4-7 campylotroporum
leviter barbulata, 6-13 cm. longa et 4-5 cm. lata v. in inflorescentiis
angustiora, lanceolata; petioli glabri, supra anguste sulcati, 10-18
mm. longi. Inflorescentia axillaris, fere semper distincte late cymoso-
paniculata axi centrali ad 11 cm. longa, ramis infimis ad 4 cm. longis,
puberula; flores virides(?), glabri v. sparse puberuli, pentameri,
dioeci, feminei nondum visi, 2-8 fasciculati; pedicelli fructiferi 2-4
mm. longi, glabri v. tenuissime pilosi; sepala late-lanceolata, sensim
acuminata, receptaculo subduplo longiora; petala sepalis 1.5 breviora,
obovato-oblonga, apice obtusa, basi breve unguiculata, in sicco
nigrescentia, staminibus sublongiora; antherae albo-flavidae, apice
levissime apiculatae; ovaria perparva, stylis 3 contiguis coronata.
Fructus saturate ruber, obovato-globosus, circiter 6-7 mm. crassus;
semina immatura 2-3, obovato-oblonga, dorso distincte sulcata.

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, cliffs, alt. 300-600 m., July and
October (No. 422, type) ; Changyang Hsien, side of streams, alt. 300-
600 m., June 1907 (No. 3270); without locality, August 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1614). Yunnan: Szemao, mountains to west and east,
forests, alt. 1800-2000 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12040, 12040").

Dr. Henry's specimens differ only in their somewhat more distinctly crenately
serrate leaves and smaller fruits. This is a very remarkable new species with its
large paniculate inflorescence and its extremely verrucose branches. By these
characters it is easily distinguished from the related B. nipalensis Wallich and R.
tonkinensis Pitard.

Rhamnus Hemsleyanus Schneider in Notizhl. Bot. Gart. Berlin,
1908, 78; III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 270, figs. 197 o-p, 199 m-n (1909).

Ad descriptionem addenda: gemmae perparvae, obtusissimae.
Fructus maturus ut videtur niger, obovato-rotundus, ad 5 mm. longus,
4 mm. crassus; semina 3, purpurascentia, obovata, dorso impressa,
tantum ima basi sulco brevi vix aperto instructa, ventre carinata.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, woodlands, alt. 2000-3000 m.,
June 1908 (No. 3324; bush 2-6 m., flowers greenish); Mt. Omei, June
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4780) ; without precise locahty, alt. 1800 m.,
May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3342). Eastern Szech'uan: Wu-
shan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5677, type). Western Hupeh: with-
out locahty, A. Henry (No. 7462).

EHAMNACEAE. — RHAMNUS 235

At the first glance this species looks very much like R. Bodinieri L6veill6, f.
silvicola Schneider, but R. Hemsleyanics may be distinguished at once by its acu-
minate leaves, short petioles and tetramerous flowers.

Rhamnus Sargentianus Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex 2-6 m. altus, inermis; ramuli alterni, ab initio glabri v. par-
cissime pilosi, annotini purpurascentes, leviter nitentes, vetustiores
cinerascentes; gemmae parvae, obovatae, circiter 4 mm. longae,
squamis paucis ciliatis obtectae; stipulae lineares, mox caducae,
circiter 10 mm. longae. Folia alterna, decidua, matura crasse mem-
branacea, oblongo-elliptica v. fere late lanceolata, basi cmieata, apice
subito acuta v. plerumque breviter acuminata, toto margine tenuiter
sed distincte crenato-serrata dentibus callosis, minora circiter 4.3 cm.
longa et 2 cm. lata, majora circiter 12 cm. longa et 4.3 lata v. 15 cm.
longa et 12 cm, lata, supra viridia, tantum juniora ad nervos pilosa
V. etiam matura tota pagina sparse pilosa, subtus paullo pallidiora,
tantum ad nervos v. tota pagina sparse pilosa, nervis utrinque 12-18
parallelis; petioli brevissimi, 2-5 mm. longi, supra pilosi. Pseudo-
umbella axillaris, 4-5-flora; flores masculi perparvi, virides, tetra-
meri, apetali; pedicelli floriferi 2-3 mm. longi, minute pilosi, fructi-
f eri ad 5 mm. longi ; sepala late ovata, apice subito breviter acuminata,
1-1.5 mm. longa, plerumque glabra; stamina sepalis triplo breviora.
Fructus ut videtur purpureo-niger,obovato-rotundus, ad 5 mm. longus;
semina 3, brunnescentia, obovata, basim versus angustata, 3-3.5 mm.
longa, dorso impressa, tantum ima basi sulco brevi aperto instructa,
ventre carinata.

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan and vicinity, woodlands, alt.
2300-3000 m., common, June and September 15, 1908 (No. 862,
type); Mupin, thickets, alt. 2300-2800 m., June 1908 (No. 862^);
Wa-shan, June 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3339"^); without precise
locality, alt. 2800 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3339).

At the first glance this species recalls R. costatus Maximowicz by its multi-
costate leaves, but the Japanese species may be readily distinguished by the dif-
ferent shape of its broader leaves, the long winter-buds and by the very long pedicels
of its larger flowers and fruits. Nevertheless these two species are closely related
and may represent a subdivision of the special group formed by all the species
with similar multicostate leaves, namely R. alpinus Linnaeus, R. fallaz Boissier,
R. imeretinus Booth, R. purpureus Edgeworth and others. The arrangement of
the different groups of the genus, especially of the subgenus Eurhamnus, as adopted
by Weberbauer and other authors must probably be changed, but a really nat-
ural classification of the species can only be reached by a careful examination of all
the species now known.

236 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Rhamnus hupehensis Schneider, sp. n.

Frutex 1.5-2 m. altus, an inermis?; ramuli hornotini glabri, flavo-
brunnei, in sicco striati, vetustiores cinerascentes; gemmae elongatae,
acutae, leviter curvatae, 4-6 mm. longae, squamis paucis laxis acutis
apice flavescentibus basi nigrescentibus ciliatis obtectae. Folia dis-
tincte alterna, decidua, crasse membranacea, ovata v. obovata, raro
lanceolata, basi acuta, apice subito breviter acuminata, supra viridia,
glabra, subtus pallidiora, nervis utrinsecus 5-8 satis parallelis,
sparse hirtella, margine praesertim versus apicem crasse crenato-
dentata, 5.5-10 cm. longa, 2.8-5 cm. lata; petioli glabri, supra sulcati,
10-12 mm. longi. Flores non visi. Fructus 1-2, axillares, ut videtur
globosi, nigri, circiter 7 mm. crassi; pedicelli 7 mm. longi, glabri;
pyrenae 2 dehiscentes; semina oblonga, laevia, olivacea, circiter 7 mm.
longa, dorso plus minusve distincte sulcata, sulco aperto2-5mm. longo.

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 2000-2300 m.,
November 1907 (No. 612).

I am not quite convinced, that this species really belongs in the same group with
the foregoing species, and that it is not more nearly related to R. Wilsonii Schneider,
and to its related species. The nervation is somewhat intermediate between these
two groups and I cannot decide if the branchlets become distinctly thorny.

Rhamnus Rosthornii Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 459 (1900). —
Schneider, III. Handh. Lauhholzk. II. 283, fig. 195 g-g^, 196 i (1909).

Western Szech'uan: near Mao-chou, arid places, alt. 1300-
2000 m.. May 24 and July 1908 (Nos. 872, in part, 3323, in part; bush
1-1.50 m. tall, flowers greenish-yellow); Mupin, thickets, alt. 1300-
2000 m.. May and August 1908 (No. 872, in part; bush 1-1.50 m.
tall); Mt. Wa, thickets, alt. 1300-1700 m., September 1908 (No.
872"; bush 1-1.5 m. tall); near Mongkong Ting, desert of Hsao-chin
Ho, alt. 2300-3700 m., June 1908 (No. 3322; bush 1-3 m. tall); west
and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, alt. 1600 m., September 1908 (No.
3323, in part; bush 1-1.5 m. tall); Manch'uan, Hung-chia-p'ing, A.
von Rosthorn (No. 512, type; small tree).

Rhamnus leptacanthus Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex valde spinosus, prostratus v. fere prostratus, ramis 1-2 m
longis; ramuli hornotini tenuissimi, minutissime pilosi, olivacei,
spinosi, vetustiores glabrescentes v. deinde glabri, cortice laevi colore
cerasi obtecti, etiam spinosisimi, rectangulares, suboppositi. Folia
decidua, alterna v. subopposita, plerumque in apice ramulorum abbre-
viatorum conferta, membranacea, pro genere minima, oblanceolata

RHAMNACEAE. — RHAMNUS 237

V. obovato-lanceolata, basim versus in petiolum gracillimum 1-2.5
mm. longum decurrentia, apice obtusa v. emarginata, margine a medio
ad apicem crenato-dentata, minima 6-10 mm. longa et 2-3 mm. lata,
maxima ad 15 mm. longa et ad 6 mm. lata, supra cinereo-viridia,
subtus pallidiora, nervis utrinsecus 2-3 vix visibilibus, utrinque
versus basim et ad petiolum minute pilosa; stipulae setaceae, petiolis
plerumque duplo breviores. Flores masculi axillares, 2-5 conferti,
viridi-flavescentes, glabri 2.5 mm. longi; sepala ovato-lanceolata,
acuminata, staminibus et petalis angustissimis fere duplo longiora;
pedicelli 2.5-4 mm. longi, glabri. Flores femineos fructusque nondum
vidi.

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, cliffs, alt. 1000-1300 m.. May 24,
1907 (No. 739)-

This neat species is closely related to R. Rosthornii Pritzel, of which I have seen
the rather imperfect type specimen with fruits. These two species seem very near
to R. Leveilleanus Fedde and R. dunietorum Schneider.

Rhamnus Leveilleanus Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. X. 272 (1911).

Rhamnus Cavaleriei Leveille in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. X. 148 (1911), nee
L6veill6, 1. 0. IX. 326 (1910).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1000-2600
m.. May 19, 1907 (No. 738; bush 1.5-2 m. tall, flowers greenish-yellow).
Kweichou:"Lo Fou " April 1907, J. Cavalerie (No. 3348, type).

Through the kindness of M. Leveille I have had an opportunity to examine the
type specimen of this species, and find that the original description needs a few
corrections. The leaves are not quite glabrous, but distinctly pilose on the nerves
beneath, and the petals are always present.

Rhamnus Leveilleanus seems to be most closely related to R. Rosthornii Pritzel,
which differs chiefiy in the generally smaller and narrower leaves which are quite
glabrous with the exception of the minute tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins
beneath. It is also closely related to R. dunietorum Schneider which differs in the
under surface of the leaves being pubescent all over and in the puberulous branchlets.

Rhamnus dumetorum Schneider, n. sp. rr /? i-A^-i-^y^t,

Frutex 0.75-2 m. altus, spinosus; ramuli oppositi v. suboppositi,
initio olivacei, tenuissime pilosi, annotini biennesque purpurascentes,
aequo modo pilosi v. glabri, vetustiores cinereo-brunnci ; gemmae
parvae, ovatae. Folia plerumque opposita, chartacea, versus apicem
ramulorum elongatorum obovato-lanceolata v. rhomboideo-lanceo-
lata, utrinque acuta, 2-3.5 cm. longa, 1-1.4 cm. lata, basi ramulorum
minora, eUiptica, ovata, obovata v. obovato-rotunda, 0.7-2 cm. longa
et 0.4-1.1 cm. lata, in apice ramulorum brevissimorum formis omnibus

238 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

promiscue apparentia, supra viridia, tota facie plus minusve pilosa,
subtus pallidiora, saepe tantum ad nervos utrinque 3-4 pilosa et bar-
bellata, margine crenato-denticulata, basi ex parte Integra; petioll
3-6 mm. longi, pilosi; stipulae setaceae, quam petioli plerumque
breviores. Flores axillares, 2-12 conferti, virides, dioeci, foeminei
2-2.5 mm. longi, sparse pilosi; sepala anguste triangulari-lanceolata,
acuta, quam receptacula pauUo longiora; petala nulla; staminodia
minima filiformia; styli satis bifidi; pedicelli 4-6 mm. pilosi, masculi
ignoti. Fructus obovato-globosus, inaequalis, 6 mm. crassus, niger;
semina nigrescentia, nitidula, obovalia, ventre plana v. leviter concava,
5.5 mm. longa et 3 mm. crassa, sulco basi tantum aperto instructa.

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2400-3200 m.,
October 1910 (Nos. 41 13, type).

Rhamnus dumetorum appears to be closely related to R. Leveilleanus Schneider
and R. globosus Bunge and the difference between these species is not very obvious.
From R. Leveilleanus our new species differs in the minute pubescence of the branch-
lets, of which the bark, like that of R. leptacanthus Schneider, resembles that of a
cherry-tree, in the more dentate, not distinctly crenate leaves, with somewhat
longer petioles and shorter stipules, in the pubescent flowers and the differently col-
ored seed with a very short furrow. From R. globosus it may be distinguished by
the finer and shorter pubescence of branchlets and leaves, the latter being of a
different shape, but with the same serration.^

Rhamnus rugulosus Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 129
(1886). — Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 276, fig. 196 k-1,
198 a-d (1909).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets and woodlands,
alt. 300-1300 m., common, May 4, June 5, 1907 (No. 3326; bush 1-2
m., flowers yellow); Ichang and the immediate neighbourhood, April

1 To this species we refer as a variety No. 4096 which Mr. Schneider considered
a possible new species closely related to R. hypochrysus Schneider and R. lepto-
phyllus Schneider.

Rhamnus dumetorum, var. crenoserratus Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis 4-7 cm. longis et 2.5-3.5 cm. latis manifestius crenato-
serratis plerumque 5-nerviis, ramulis minutius pilosulis.

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2700-3300 m., October 1910
(No. 4096; bush 1.5-3 m. tall, fruit black).

This variety agrees with the type specimen in all its characters except in the
size of the leaves and in its somewhat slighter pubescence. Young plants raised
at the Arnold Arboretum from seeds of the two numbers are still more alike,
the difference in the size of the leaves being less marked, as the leaves of the variety
do not exceed 4 cm. in length, while the leaves of the typical form are up to 2.5 cm.
in length. In size and shape of the leaves the variety resembles R. leptophyllus
Schneider, but this species is easily distinguished by its glabrous leaves.

A. R. and E. H. W.

RHAMNACEAE. — RHAMNUS 239

1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 497, 497^); same locality, A. Henry (Nos.
1689, 3611, 3611% 3609, 4560, 3593^^). Szech'uan: Nan-ch'uan, A.
von Rosthorn (Nos. 2293, 2300).

The type was sent by A. Henry from Hupeh, but unfortunately Hemsley cites
no number. The branchlets and leaves are alternate on all the specimens I have
seen. This species is apparently related to R. hypochrysus Schneider, from which
it can be at once distinguished by its longer petioles and the different serration
of the leaves.

Rhamnus leptophyllus Schneider in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, 1908,
77; III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 285, fig. 196 v-w, 198 e-h (1909).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets, alt. 300-
1300 m., abundant. May 6, October 1907 (No. 421, bush 0.6-2 m. tall;
flowers yellowish, fruit black); same locality, April and September
1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 356) ; Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-
2000 m., common. May 5, October 1907 (Nos. 410, 433; bush 2-2.5
m., flowers yellow, fruit black); Changyang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-
2000 m.. May and November 1907 (No. 475, in part; bush 1-2.5 m.,
flowers yellowish, fruit black); Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-
2000 m., November 1907 (No. 475, in part; bush 1-2.5 m., fruit black) ;
Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 2000-2300 m., November 1907 (No. 618;
bush 2 m., fruit black); Ichang and neighbourhood, A. Henry (Nos.
3407% 3407, 1493, type). Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, June
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4779).

Wilson's specimens differ a little from the type in their glabrous female flowers,
but otherwise the differences between them are not very obvious. The species
is certainly rather nearly related to R. parvifolms Bunge. The type was col-
lected in Hupeh by Dr. Henry (No. 1493). The female flowers have narrow
and acute sepals, no petals and only very reduced staminodes. The seeds which
are flatter or even concave on the inner surface are broader than the seeds I have
seen of R. parvifolius Bunge, which are obovate-oblong.

Rhamnus iteinophyllus Schneider in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin,
1908, 76; HI. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 281, fig. 198 i-k, 196 n (1909).

Ad descriptionem addenda: folia ramulorum sterilium lanceolata,
apice in acumen longum extensa, ad 8 cm. longa et ad 2 cm. lata,
ramulorum abbreviatorum vetustiorum variabilia, minora ovato-
elliptica v. obovato-elliptica, 3.5-5 cm. longa et 2-2.5 cm. lata, majora
oblanceolata, basi acuta v. acuminata, apice acuta, ad 8 cm. longa
et ad 2.5 cm. lata, utraque facie distinctius quam in typo pubescentia;
petioli foliorum ramulorum abbreviatorum longiores, ad 17 mm.
longi. Fructus maturus nigro-violaceus; semina obovato-oblonga,
6 mm. longa, olivacea, dorso sulco angusto aperto instructa.

240 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600 m., June
1907 and October 1907 (No. 3325; bush 1.5 m., fruit black); without
locality, A. Henry (No. 5915°, type).

The branch with very young fruits of Wilson's number differs from the type
only in its more pilose leaves. The branch with ripe fruits shows the differences
described above. The species may be most nearly related to R. virgatus Rox-
burgh.

Rhamnus utilis Decaisne in CompL Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, XLIV.
1141 (1857). — Rondot, Vert de Chine, 141, t. 1 (1857). — Koehne,
Deutsche Dendr. 394 (1893). — Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II.
289, fig. 197 t-w, 199 1 (1909).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, roadsides, alt. 30-
1300 m., abundant, April and October 1907 (No. 3333 ^ bush 0.6-2 m.
tall, fruit black, leaves used in making a green dye); Fang Hsien,
ravines, alt. 1000-1600 m., May 24, June and September 1907 (Nos.
623, in part, 3331; bush 1-2.5 m. tall, fruit black); Changyang Hsien,
thickets, alt. 1000-1600 m., May 1907 (No. 3332; bush 1-2.5 m.,
flowers greenish-yellow); Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-1300
m., abundant, May, November 1907 (Nos. 3333, 623, in part; bush
0.6-1.5 m. tall, flowers greenish, fruit black); same locality, October
1907 (No. 432; folia ad 15:6 cm. magna); Nanto, April 28, 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 394); Ichang and neighbourhood, A. Henry (No.
3606, 6018; without precise locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No.
217^), Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor.

The original description of Decaisne is too short to make it possible to recognize
the species meant by the author, and I have not yet seen the plate given in Rondot's
book, but after all I think that the interpretation given by Koehne, Deutsche
Dendr. 394 (1893), and by me, 1. c, may be correct. ^ Hemsley unites the species
with R. davuricus Pallas to which it is certainly nearly related, but the large
leaves with short petioles, which become yellow-green in drying, distinguish it at
once from R. davuricus Pallas, R. catharticus Linnaeus and R. japonicus Maximo-
wicz. The rather large yellow flowers and the fruits are very numerous and densely
crowded at the base of the short branchlets. I have not yet seen a fully ripe seed,
but they seem to have a distinct but closed furrow.

There are some forms, which I cannot yet determine with sufficient certainty,
viz. Wilson's Veitch Exped. No. 649 from Eastern Szech'uan, Wushan Hsien,
May 1900, shrub 1 m. tall. Some of the young leaves resemble those of R.
Wilsonii Schneider, but I think the No. 649 may belong to R. utilis.

Rhamnus Wilsonii Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex ad 1.5 m. altus, ut videtur paullo spinosus; ramuli alterni,

^ We have compared Rondot's plate with the specimens referred by Schnei-
der to R. utilis and believe that his determination is correct.

A. R. and E. H. W.

KHAMNACEAE. — RHAMNUS 241

annotini glabri, claro-brunnei, in sicco striati, vetustiores cinereo-
brunnei v. deinde cinerascentes, leviter rimosi; gemmae breviter
ovatae, petiolis aequilongae, squamis paucis basi nigrescentibus apice
brunneis margine ciliatis obtectae. Folia opposita v. subopposita,
chartacea, ovato-lanceolata, basi acuta, apice distincte acuminata,
supra viridia, glabra, costa basim versus incisa, subtus flavo-viridia,
glabra v. ad nervos utrinsecus 4-5 elevatos ascendentes inter se baud
parallelos sparse pilosa, margine distincte serrato-dentata dentibus
satis distinctis apice leviter incumbentibus callosis, majora 6-11 cm.
longa, 2-4 cm, lata, versus basim ramulorum minora, 2-4 cm. longa et
1-2 cm. lata, lanceolata, acuta; petioli tantum 2-4 mm. longi, supra
late sulcati, vix pilosi. Flores ignoti. Fructus fasciculati, basi ramu-
lorum conferti, obovato-globosi, circiter ad 9 mm. longi et 6-7 mm.
crassi; pedicelli glabri, 5-6 mm. longi; pyrenae 2-3, dehiscentes? ;
semina obovato-oblonga, nigro-olivacea, circiter 6.5 mm. longa et 3
mm. crassa, dorso convexa, sulcata sulco a basi ad medium aperto
cartilagineo-marginato, ventre leviter concava.

Kiangsi: Ruling, near a temple, alt. 1600 m., July 29, 1907 (No.
i68o).

This is in every respect a well marked species, which may be related to R.
utilis Decaisne or possibly to R. hupehensis Schneider.

There is a flowering specimen from Szech'uan, collected by Dr. A. Henry in
1885-88, No. 5601, the leaves of which resemble those of R. Wilsonii. They have
the same shape and serration and the same short petioles. The male flowers,
however, have longer pedicels (up to 12 mm.) and closely resemble those of R.
utilis. Wilson's Nos. 217 and 649 have the same leaf characters and pistillate
flowers with shorter pedicels (5-7 mm.).

CLAVIS SPECIERUM ORIENTALI-ASIATICARUM
HIMALAYENSIUMQUE.

Flores hermaphroditi, pentameri, styli indivisi; semina dorso hand sulcata. Folia
semper alterna. (Subgenus Frangula.)
Folia adulta subtus tota facie tomento cano obtecta, margine fere Integra,

nervis utrinque 8-12 1. R. Henryi.

Folia nunquam subtus tota facie tomentella sed sparse pubescentia et plerumque
tantum ad nervos puberula, fere toto margine distincte crenata, nervis utrin-
que 5-9 2. R. crenatus.

Flores (an semper?) dioeci, pentameri v. plerumque tetrameri; styli 2-3-fidi;

semina dorso sulcata (sulco interdum clauso v. tantum ima basi aperto).

Folia alterna subopposita v. opposita. (Subgenus Eurhamnus, sensu latissimo.)

Flores pentameri. (Confer etiam No. 16, foliis magnis, membranaceis, nervia

numerosis inter se parallelis distinctum).

Stipulae gracillimae, sed plus minusve persistentes et pungentes.

Folia parva v. perparva, diversiformia, vix ad 4 cm. longa. Flores in
axillis ad 1-2 3. R. heterophyllus.

242 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Folia satis magna, majora 7-14 cm. longa. Inflorescentia cymosa, ad 2.5

cm. longa 4. R. Esquirolii.

Stipulae nunquam pungentes, saepissime mox deciduae.

Inflorescentia elongata, cymoso-paniculata, pseudo-racemosa, saepe foliis
quam cetera folia distincte minoribus instructa; flores petaliferi.
Inflorescentia distincte late cymoso-paniculata. Ramuli lenticellis
multis prominentibus obtecti, eximie verruculosi. 5. R. paniculiflorus.

6. R. tonkinensis.
Inflorescentia baud late paniculata (v. ramuli laeves, non verrucosi), sed
plus minus cymoso-racemosa.
Folia etiam juvenilia subtus tantum ad nervos puberula v. glabra.
Flores in inflorescentia satis gracili, cymoso-racemosa v. subpanicu-

lata 7. R. nipalensis.

Flores fasciculati in axillis foliorum secundum ramos laterales plus
minus elongatos ex axillis foliorum magnorum nascentes, pseudo-

racemos foliatos formantes 8. /2. Wightii.

9. R. formosanus.
Folia semper subtus tota facie tomentella. Inflorescentia ut in specie

praecedente 10. i?. triqucler.

Inflorescentia nunquam elongata sed flores tantum in axillis foliorum nor-
malium magnorum fasciculati; flores (an semper?) apetali. Folia apice

satis obtusa 11. i2. Bodinieri.

Flores saepissime tetrameri.
Folia coriacea, sempervirentia.

Folia, majora 8-16 cm. longa; petioli breves, vix plus quam 7 mm. longi.

12. R. Hemsleyanus.
Folia majora 4.5-7.5 cm. longa; petioli 4-10 mm. longi.

13. R. Arnottianus.
Folia chartacea v. membranacea, ut videtur semper decidua.

Folia brevissime petiolata (petioli 2-5 mm. longi), utrinque nervis ultra 10
(saepissime 12-20) distincte parallelis instructa.
Folia oblongo-elliptica v. fere late lanceolata, nervis utrinque 12-18.
Gemmae parvae, obovatae. Pedicelli tantum ad 5 mm. longi.

14. R. Sargentianus.
Folia late elliptica, nervis utrinque circiter 20 v. ultra. Gemmae fusi-

formes. Pedicelli ad 3.5 cm. longi 15. R. costatus.

Folia longius petiolata v. nervis utrinque paucioribus baud semper inter
se distincte paralleHs iastructa.
Folia ramulique distincte alterna, nervis lateralibus inter se satis paralle-
lis utrinque 5-11. Frutices (an semper?) inermes.
Folia ovato-elliptica, nervis utrinque 8-11 instructa, 7-13 cm. longa.

Flores pentameri, apetali 16. jB. purpureus.

Folia ovata v. obovata, nervis utrinque 5-8 instructa, 6-10 cm. longa.

17. R. hupehensis.
Folia ramulique plerumque opposita v. subopposita, raro distincte
alterna, nervis primariis vix inter se distincte paralleli sed saepis-
sime versus apicem semper approximati, fere campylotropi. Frutices
plerumque spinosi.
Folia perparva v. parva, plerumque inter 1-3 cm., etiam maxima vix
ultra 4 cm. longa, nervis utrinque 2-5 (confer etiam sub " folia
majora "), v. folia lineari-lanceolata, longiora.

Folia lineari-lanceolata 18. J?, erythroxylon.

Folia nunquam lineari-lanceolata.

RHAMNACEAE. — RHAMNUS 243

Folia spathulata v. oblanceolata v. obovato-lanceolata, apice
obtusa, tantum basim versum et petioli tenuissime pilosa.
Ramuli vetustiores cortice colore cerasi obtecti.

19. R. Rosthornii.

20. R. leptacanthiis.

Folia obovata, rotunda, obovato-rhomboidea v. obovato-oblonga,

apice saepissime acuta v. distinctius pilosa.

Folia saepissime rotundata, vix duplo longiora quam lata,

superne v. utrinque tota facie pilosa. Semina subglobosa,

paullo longiora quam crassa, tantum basim versus sulco

aperto brevi instructa 21. R. globosus.

22. R. Taquetii.

23. R. Meyeri.

Folia fere semper obovato-oblonga v. oblongo-rhomboidea,

2-3-plo longiora quam lata. Semina oblonga, sulco dorsali

elongato aperto instructa 24. R. Leveilleanus.

25. R. dumetorum.
Folia (certe magna) majora, nervis utrinque saepe 5 v. ultra.

Folia etiam matura utrinque pilosa v. pubescentia, ovata, obovata

V. ovato-rotunda. Flores pedicellique fructiferi pilosi. Stipulae

petiolis satis longis plus quam duplo breviores. (Confer etiam

R. hypochrysus et R. leptophyllus, var. milensis).

Folia plerumque ovato-rotunda, fere toto margine satis distincte

crenata v. crenato-serrata 26. 72. koraiensis.

Folia plerumque ovata v. obovata, saepissime tantum supra
medium versus apicem satis breve denticulata.

27. R. rugulosus.
Folia matura glabra v. forma diversa v. flores glabri v. petioli stipulis
vix V. paullo longiores.
Folia fere toto margine argute et angustissime serrata dentibus.

acuminatis 28. R. argutus.

Folia nunquam hoc modo serrata.

Petioli foliorum ramulorum elongatorum et brevium satis
elongati, saepissime 1/4-3/5 laminae aequantes.
Ramuli vetustiores cortice colore cerasi obtecti, laeves. Folia
ovato-rhomboidea, supra breviter pilosa. Flores glabri;

pedicelli 1 cm. longi 29. R. Schneideri.

Ramuli vetustiores fere semper cinerascentes, vix laeves, v.

planta ceteris signis diversa.

Folia ramulorum elongatorum (baud semper etiam brevium)

satis late obovata, obovato-elliptioa v. oblongo-obovata,

V. rhomboidea et rhomboideo-oblonga, vix 2-2i^-plo

longiora quam lata 30. R. parvifolius.

31. R. leptophyllus.

Folia ramulorum elongatorum oblonga, oblongo-elliptica,

elliptica v. obovato-lanceolata, 2.5-4-plo longiora

quam lata.

Ramuli initio pubescentes v. puberuli. Semina dorse

sulco elongato distincte aperto instructa.

32. R. virgatus.

33. R. hirsidu^.
Hamuli ab initio glabri v. glaberrimi. Semina dorse

sulco (an semper?) clause instructa.

244 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Folia semper basim versus sensim in petiolum atte-

nuata 34. R. japonicus.

Folia longiora plerumque basi obtusa v. subcordata,
tantum leviter in petiolum subito producta.

35. R. davuricus.
Petioli foliorum ramulorum elongatorum satis breves, tantum
1/6-1/10 laminae aequantes.
Folia lanceolata, saliciformia v. persiciformia, 4.5-11 cm.

longa et 1-2.8 cm. lata 36. i2. iteinophyllus.

37. R. hamatidens.
Folia baud distincte lanceolata, latiora.

Folia subtus glabra v. tantum ad nervos sparse pilosa et
barbulata. Ramuli ab initio glabri.
FoUa ovata v. obovata, 2-2M-plo longiora quam lata.

38. R. laviprophyllus.
Folia ovato-lanceolata v. elliptico-oblonga, 2.5-4-plo
longiora quam lata.
Folia elliptico-oblonga, apice acuta, petioli 5-12 mm.

longi 39. -R. utilis.

Folia ovato-lanceolata, apice acuminata, petioli 2-4

mm. longi 40. ^. Wilsonii.

Folia subtus v. utrinque distincte pubescentia, ramuli
puberuli v. pubescentes Al. R. hypochrysus.

ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM ORIENTALI-ASIATICARUM
HIMALAYENSIUMQUE.

1. Rhanmus Henryi, Schneider, n. sp.

Arbor ad 3.75 m. alta; ramuli initio sparse v. vLx pilosi, in sicco fusci, deinde
glabri, ut videtur nigrescentes; gemmae nudae, hirsutae. Folia altema, chartacea
(v. subcoriacea?), ovata v. ovato-oblonga, basi obtusa v. acuta, apice sensim acumi-
nata, margine indistincte crenato-dentata, dentibus brevibus distantibus callosis,
supra viridia, ad nervos puberula, costa incisa, subtus tota facie tomentulosa,
nervis utrinque 8-12 prominulis, costa elevata pauUo glabrescenti, majora 11-
13.5 cm. longa, 4—5 cm. lata, minora (ramulorum floriferorum) 5.5-8.5 cm. longa,
1.7-3 cm. lata; petioli pilosi, superne sulcati, 9-18 mm. longi. Flores non vidi.
Fructus fasciculati in axillis foliorum minorum secundum ramos laterales plus
minusve elongatos qui ex axillis foliorum magnorum nascunt, pseudo-racemos
foliatos formantes v. in apice pedunculi nudi cymosi, rubri, obovales, circ. ad 7 mm.
crassi; pedicelli pilosi, circiter 5-6 mm. longi; semina 2-3, obovalia, laevia, olivacea,
basi paullo excisa, dorso leviter convexa, ventre fere plana, circiter 5 mm. longa.

Yunnan: Mengtze, S. E. Mts., alt. 2800 m., A. Henry (No. 9185; tree 3.75 m.
tall; red fruit).

Judging by the naked buds and by the seeds this species belongs to the subgenus
Frangula. As the material is rather scanty it is difficult to describe the inflores-
cence accurately but it certainly represents a very well marked species.

2. Rhamnus crenatus Siebold et Zuccarini. See also page 232.

There are three species, which may be very closely related to R. crenatus or
represent only varieties of it, namely R. oreigenes Hance in Jour. Bot. VII. 114
(1869); VIII. 312 (1870); R. pseudofrangula Leveill^ in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. X.
473 (1912) and R. cambodianus Pierre apud Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. G6n. Indo-
Chine, I. 926 (1912). Of the last I have not yet seen a specimen, but from the

RHAMNACEAE. — RHAMNUS , 245

description I can find no sufficient difference. Of the two other species I have had
the type specimens before me. The leaves of Hance's specimen (Herb. Hance,
No. 14113), which unfortunately is not a very good one, have a rather truncate
apex with a short suddenly produced acumen. The same shape I find in Faurie's
No. 513 (July 1906) from Korea, which in every respect resembles the type of R.
oreigenes. But some of the leaves of No. 513 with a more prominent acumen are
much like the leaves of R. pseudofrangula L6veille, the type of which was collected
in Kweichou (" environs de Kong- Yang, mont du college, le long de I'aqueduc;
Ye Mou, Yang-tse, 10 juin 1897 ") by Em. Bodinier (No. 1620). These flowering
branches with rather young leaves seem to me insufficient to make it possible to
decide, if Leveille's species may be identical with R. oreigenes or represent a variety
of it or even a good species. Without having seen better and more copious material
of both species and without having been able to compare all these forms with those
of R. crenatus in every detail I cannot form an opinion of this group of forms.
Because L6veill6 has given a very short and bad description, comparing it only
with R. Frangula Linnaeus, which widely differs, a new description of the type
specimen of R. -pseudofrangula may be added here:

Frutex magnus; ramuli initio ferrugineo-hirsuti, annotini pauUo glabrescentes,
in sicco fuscescentes, vetustiores cinerascentes, subglabri, lenticellis numerosis
sed paullo visibilibus obtecti; gemmae nudae, hirsutae. Folia alterna, juvenilia
crasse membranacea, obovato-elliptica, basi obtusa v. subrotunda, apice obtusa
sed subito in acumen distinctum 2-5 mm. longum producta, margine crenulato-
serrata dentibus satis angustis callosis, supra ad nervos pilosa, subtus praesertim
nervis utrinque 7-9 prominentibus, distinctius pubescentia v. hirsuta, 3-5 cm.
longa, 1.5-2.5 cm. lata; petioli ad 6 mm. longi, hirsuti. Inflorescentia axillaris,
in apice pedunculi nudi hirsuti 1-10 mm. longi cymosa, fasciculis 6-10-floris; pedi-
celli 2-3 mm. longi, pilosi; flores 5-meri, hermaphroditi, ab illis R. crenatae vix
diversi, extus pilosi; sepala late-triangularia, receptaculis vix v. paullo longiora;
petala sepalis fere duplo breviora, late obovalia, apice satis emarginata, basi breve
unguiculata, staminibus sublongiora; fructus non visus.

3. Rhamnus heterophyllus Oliver. See also p. 232.

This species may be most closely related to R. procumbens Edgeworth in Trans.
Linn. Soc. XX. 43 (1846). — Lawson in Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 640 (1875), of
which I have failed to see a specimen. The author clearly says: stipulae persis-
tentes . . ., and the whole description agrees with the specimens of R. heterophyllus
which I have had before me. R. procumbens inhabits the northwestern Himalaya.

4. Rhamnus Esquirolii L6veill6. See p. 233.

5. Rhamnus paniciUiflorus Schneider. See p. 233.

6. Rhamnus tonkinensis Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. G6n. Indo-Chine, 928, fig. 117
(4) (1912).

Tonkin.

According to the description this species may be closely related to R. paniculi-
florus by its inflorescence, of which the author says: " fleurs groupies par fasci-
cules de 2-8, 8ur des axes feuillds tres allonges et ramifies, atteignant 10-25 cm."
It seems to differ from our new species by its not distinctly vcrrucose branchlets,
its more obtuse leaves and its not apiculated anthers.

7. Rhamnus nipalensis Wallich apud Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I.
640 (1875).

Ceanothus napalensis WaUich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. IL 375 (1824).

246 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Nepal to Khasia (and eastern Bengal).

Unfortunately I have not yet been able to see a type specimen of this species,
which seems often misunderstood by different authors. Wallich's description of
the inflorescences is as follows: "Flowers small, green, pubescent, fascicled, short-
peduncled, disposed in slender, terminal racemes on the naked branches, inter-
spersed with a number of small, lanceolate floral leaflets, the whole forming a
branchy panicle, which as the fruits enlarge changes to numerous axillary racemes."
The branches are described as " round, dotted and scabrous." The two specimens
before me, which were determined and distributed by J. D. Hooker and J.
Thomson in 1859 as R. nipalensis came from Sikkim and Khasia. The Sikkim
specimen bears female flowers and fruits, both arranged in axUlary pseudo-racemes;
the branchlets are smooth. The second specimen from Khasia bears young fruits
in subpaniculate racemes and the branchlet is provided with many small lenti-
cels, which are not distinctly elevated.

Other specimens from east Bengal (Herb. Griffith, No. 2032), Assam (Dr.
Prain's Collector No. 508, 1896) and Upper Burma (Sheik Mokim, in 1897) bear
young fruits in a distinct paniculate inflorescence, but the branchlets are almost
smooth. These three specimens might possibly better belong to R. tonkinensis
Pitard than to R. nipalensis, unless these two species really represent only varie-
ties of one. It is possible, that R.javanicus Miquel {Fl. Ind. Bot. I. pt. 1, 646 [1855])
from Java also belongs to R. nipalensis, as indicated by Koorders {Excursionsfl.
Java, II. 554 (1912), but of this species I have not yet seen sufficient material.

8. Rhanmus Wightii Wight & Amott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. I. 164 (1834). — Lawson
in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1. 639 (1875). — Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon, I. 283
(1893).

East India: western peninsula, Ceylon.

In this species the fascicles of flowers are borne in the axils of smaller leaves
along rather short branchlets which appear in the axils of the normal large leaves.
These early flowering branchlets are different from the inflorescence in the fore-
going three species.

9. Rhanmus formosanus Matsumura in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XII. 23
Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 88, t. 8 {Enum. PL
Formos.) (1906).

Formosa.

This species seems to me closely related to R. Wightii, but I have not yet seen
any specimens.

10. Rhamnus triqueter Wallich apud Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I.
639 (1875).

Ceanothus triquetra Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 376 (1824).

Western Himalaya.

The description of Wallich is short and insufficient. I have had before me one
of his specimens numbered 4265*^ from Shringapur, with which fully agree other
specimens from the northwestern Himalaya, namely Thomson, in 1859, 2-5000
ft.; G. King, in 1869, near Mussoorie. The dried leaves are rather yellow. The
petals of the female flowers are broadly obovate and emarginate, as Hooker de-
scribes them, and the seeds have the same broad dorsal furrow as those of the
allied species Nos. 4-9, which, I think, form a special group within the genus.

11. Rhanmus Bodinieri L4veill6 in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. X. 473 (1912).
Descriptio emendata: Frutex 0.75-1.5 m. altus; ramuli juniores hirsuto-

tomentosi, striato-angulati, vetustiores nigrescentes, vix glabreacentes, rotundi,

RHAMNACEAE. — RHAMNUS 247

rugulosi; stipulae 3-4 mm. longae, hirsutae, deciduae. Folia altema, sempervi-
rentia, coriacea, oblonga, elliptica v. elliptico-lanceolata, basi obtusa v. acuta,
apice acuta, brevissime mucronulata, margine (in sicco ex parte revoluto) circum-
circa dentata, dentibus brevissimis calloso-mucronulatis distantibus, minima
1-3.5 cm. longa, 0.7-1.5 cm. lata, maxima 5-10 cm. longa et 1.2-4.5 cm. lata,
supra intense viridia, tantum ad costam valde impressam pilosa, subtus (in sicco)
pallidiora, flavescentia, glabra v. in axillis nervorum ad costam paullo barbata,
nervis primariis utrinque 5-6, plus minusve elevatis; petioli 3-10 mm. longi,
pilosi. Pseudo-umbella axillaris, sessilis, 3-7-flora; flores virides, parvi, 2-3 mm.
longi; pedicelli satis graciles, pilosi, 2-5 mm. longi; sepala triangulari-lanceolata,
satis acuta, basi pilosa, margine ciliata; petala ut videtur deficientia; stamina
ovariaque sepalis dimidio breviora; ovaria apice stigmatibus distinctis elongatis
coronata, basi disco distincto circumcincta. Fructus maturus niger, vix 5 mm.
crassus; semina oblonga, dorso sulco distincto aperto instructa.

Yunnan: Mengtze, rocky mountains, alt. 2600-2800 m., A. Henry (No.
10814; spreading shrub 0.75 m. tall, flowers green; No. 10814'"'; shrub 1 m. tall,
fruits black when ripe);. Kweichou : " Environs du Tsin Gay, rochers au bord
de la riviere a Che-Tiou-Tchay," June 27, 1899, Emile Bodlnier (No. 2697, type;
small shrub). ? East Himalaya: Herb. Griffith No. 2029).

After having described the above numbers of Henry's collection as a new
species, I have recieved through the kindness of the author the tj^pe specimens of
R. Bodinieri. At the first glance I saw that this species resembled Henry's numbers
10814 and 10814'' and a detailed comparison convinced me, that there are only
very slight differences between them in the pubescence of the branchlets and in the
size of the leaves. But the leaves are larger as indicated by L6veill6 and measure
Up to 4 cm. in length and 1.5 cm. in width.

Rhamnus Bodinieri Leveill6, f. silvicola Schneider, n. forma.

A typo recedit foliis majoribus, planioribus, ad 10 cm. longis et 4.5 cm. latis
pedicellis longioribus, ad 10 mm. longis.

Yunnan: Mengtze, woods, alt. 2200 m. (No. 10464*; shrub 1.25 m. tall, fruits
black); No. 10464''; shrub 1 m. tall, flowers green).

At first sight Henry's numbers 10464 and 10464'' look very different from the
type, but they seem to represent only a form of shadier places with larger and
flatter leaves.

This species and No. 13 and 14 seem to form another separate group within the
genus characterized by its leathery leaves, sessile flower-fascicules and apetalous
flowers.

12. Rhamnus Hemsleyanus Schneider. See p. 234.

13. Rhamnus Arnottianus Gardener in Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeylan. 74 (1858).
— Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind., I. 638 (1875).

Ceylon.

In the leaves this species resembles a good deal R. Wightii, but it is well dis-
tinguished by the character given in the key.

14. Rhamnus Sargentianus Schneider. See p. 235.

15. Rhamnus costatus Maximowicz in Mim. Acad. Sci. St. PUersbourg, s^r.
7, IV. No. XI. 17, t. fig. 1-14 {Rhamn. Or.-As.) (1866). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. II. 276, fig. 191 m (1909).

Japan.

See the note under R. Sargentianus, p. 235.

248 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

16. Rhamnus purpureus Edgeworth in Trans. Ldnn. Soc. XX. 44 (1846). —
Walpers, Ann. I. 193 (1848). — Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 639
(1875). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. III. 271 (1909).

Western Himalaya.

This species does not belong to the Subgenus Frangula as indicated by the
author. It represents a member of the group suggested by me under R. Sar-
gentianus from which it differs in the shape of the leaves and in the pentamerous
flowers.

17. Rhamnus hupehensis Schneider. See p. 236.

18. Rhamnus erythroxylon Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. III. App. 722 (1776).
— Maximowicz in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 7, IV. No. XI. 7 {Rhamn.
Or.-As.) (1866). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 278 (1909).

Eastern Sibiria, northern Mongolia.

I have not yet seen any Chinese specimens of this species.

19. Rhamnus Rosthornii Pritzel, See p. 236.

20. Rhamnus leptacanthus Schneider. See p. 236.

21. Rhamnus globosus Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, II.
88 iEnu7n. PI. Chin. Bar. 14) (1833). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II.
284, fig. 195 f-f3, 196 q-r (1909).

Rhamnus virgatv^, var. apricus Maximowicz in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
bourg, s6r. 7, IV. No. XI. 13 {Rhamn. Or.-As.) (ex parte) (1866).

Rhamnus tinctorius Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 129 (ex parte, hand
Waldstein & Kitaibel) (1886).

Chili, Shensi, Chekiang.

In my Handbook I have attempted to interpret this species correctly, but this
is difficult as I have not seen the type specimen of Bunge. I cannot agree, how-
ever, with Maximowicz, who unites Bunge's species with R. virgatus Roxburgh,
and also with R. polymorphus Turczaninow. According to Bunge's description
I refer to R. globosus the distinctly pubescent forms, as does Hemsley under the
name of R. tinctorius, which is certainly a different species. See also the note
under R. parvifolius, p. 250. Whether R. chlorophorus Decaisne (in Compt. Rend.
Acad. Sci. Paris, XLIV. 1140 [1857]) also belongs to R. globosus, as indicated by
Hemsley, I cannot decide, as the description of Decaisne is incomplete and I have
not yet seen the figure of this species in Rondot, Vert de Chine, t. 2.^

22. Rhamnus Taquetii L6veill6, Mss. in Herb. Mus. Palat. Vindob.

Prunus Taqueti L6veill6 in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. VII. 197 (1909) *

Frutex spinosus, valde ramosus, ad 1-metralis; ramuli initio tenuiter pilosi,
deinde glabri, vetustiores crassi, cortice laevi olivaceo v. fere colore corticis cerasi
obtecti; gemmae parvae, ovatae. Folia decidua, membranacea, plus minusve alterna,
plerumque apice ramulorum brevissimorum conferta, perparva, ovata, obovata,
obovato-oblonga v. fere rotundata, basi plerumque acuta, sed interdum distincte
rotunda, apice rotunda v. obtusa v. saepe subito in acumen breve producta, superne
plus minusve distincte pilosa, subtus saepissime glabra, tantum in axillis nervorum
utrinsecus 1-4 satis adscendentium barbata, margine distincte et anguste crenato-

1 After comparing the specimens of R. globosus in the Herbarium of the Arnold
Arboretum with the plate in Rondot's work, we believe that R. chlorophorus must
be referred to R. globosus as a sjmonym. A. R. and E. H. W.

2 See also Koehne in Sargent, PL Wilson. I. 276 (1912).

RHAMNACEAE. RHAMNUS 249

serrata dentibus incumbentibus callosis, 1-2.2 cm. longa, 0.6-1.5 cm. lata;
petioli graciles, superne sulcati, pilosi, 3-6 mm. longi; stipulae pilosae, petiolis
Bubaequilongae v. paullo breviores, plus minusve persistcntes. Flores axillares,
singuli V. bini, tetrameri, glabri, dioeci, tan turn masculos vidi; sepala lanceolata,
triangularia, sensim acuminata, receptaculo fere duplo longiora; petala lanceolata,
sepalis fere duplo breviora, staminibus sublongiora; ovaria perparva, reducta.
Fructus obovato-globosus, circiter 5 mm. crassus; pedicelli glabri, 4-7 mm. longi;
semina 2, obovata, laevia, dorso sulco tantum basi aperto instructa.

Korea: Hallaisan, alt. 1800 m., July 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1890, type; bush
1 m. tall); Quelpaert, "in sylvis Yeng sil" (?). alt. 1000 m., August 17, 1908,
Taquet (No. 1210); "in sylvis Hallaisan," June 1909, Taquet (No. 3081).

This seems to be a dwarf, very branched, alpine species, which may be closely
related to R. globosus Bunge as interpreted above.

23. Rhamnus Meyeri Schneider, n. sp.

Frutex, ut videtur valde ramosus, spinosus; ramuli suboppositi, homotini
graciles, tenuiter puberuli, flavo-cinerei v. leviter brunnescentes, vetustiores
cinerascentes ; gemmae parvae, ovato-globosae, squamis paucis rotundatis ciliatis
obtectae. Folia opposita, crasse papyracea, decidua, ovata v. ovato-rotunda v.
orbicularia, raro ovato-oblonga, basi rotunda v. fere subcordata v. obtusa, rare
acuta, apice acuta v. subito breviter-acuminata, supra viridia, opaca, tenuissime
sparse pUosa, subtus paullo pallidiora, praesertim ad nervos utrinsecus 2-3 paullo
prominulos pilosa et barbata, margine satis distincte crenato-dentata, latiora
1.5-3 cm. longa, 1-2.5 cm. lata, angustiora ad 3 cm. longa et 1.3 cm. lata; petioli
graciles, 3-8 mm. longi, supra sulcati, pilosi. Flores non vidi. Fructus solitarius,
globosus, circiter 6:5 mm. crassus, ? niger; semen obovato-oblongum, olivaceum,
dorso sulco lato elongato distincte aperto instructum.

Shantung: near Lung-Tung, September 28, 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 249).

To this species may possibly belong a specimen of the same collector from
Shansi, Tsin-tse,May 5, 1907, (No. 406) with the same thin minutely pubescent spiny
branchlets, very young puberulous leaves and male flowers, which may be de-
scribed as follows: flores masculi, tetrameri, axillares, 1-4-fasciculati, tenuissime
puberuli; pedicelli vix ad 3 mm. longi; sepala late ovata, acuta, receptaculo vix
longiora; petala lanceolata, acuta, sepalis duplo breviora, staminibus aequilonga;
ovaria valde reducta. Folia valde juvenilia ut videtur lanceolata.

It seems somewhat doubtful, however, if these two specimens really belong to
the same species, certainly No. 249 represents a good species, which may be nearly
related to R. globosus Bunge, though the seeds with their broad furrows are rather
different.

24. Rhamnus Leveilleanus Fedde. See p. 237.

25. Rhamnus dumetorum Schneider. See p. 237.

26. Rhamnus koraiensis Schneider in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, 1908, 77;
III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 284, fig. 198 n-o (1909).

Korea: "Syon ouen," 1901, U. Faurie (No. 233, type), " Ouen to" (No. 235),
"Ouen san," 1901 (No. 236), 1906 (No. 502); without precise locality, "in
dmnosis," June 1906, U. Faurie (No. 512); Pingyang, September 18, 1908, J. G. 6"/
Jack (bush 0.25-0.5 m. tall). /

This species seems to be closely related to R. globosus Bunge, see above, and
also to R. parvifolius Bunge, see p. 250.
The leaves are alternate or subopposite.

27. Rhamnus rugulosus Hemsley. See p. 238.

250 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

28. Rhamnus argutus Maximowicz in Mem. Acad. Sd. St. Petershourg, s^r. 7,
IV. No. XI. 6 {Rhamn. Or.-As.) (1866); Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II.
289, fig. 197 1-n, 199 h-h^ (1909).

Northern China: Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 32; bush 1-1.25 m.
tall).

This differs from all other known Chinese species in the very small and slender
teeth of its orbicular-ovate leaves.

29. Rhamnus Schneideri L6veille et Vaniot in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. VI. 265
(1908).

Korea: Nai-Piang, July 1901, U. Faurie (No. 234).

In my III. Handh. Laudholzk. II. 286 (1909) I mentioned this number of
Faurie as probably a new species. To this species may belong also No. 501 of the
same collector from the " Mont des diamants," June 22, 1906, but the leaves are
somewhat pubescent. From R. koraiensis it may be distinguished by the more
elongate leaves with a different serration and the longer and glabrous pedicels.

30. Rhamnus parvifolius Bunge in Mem. Sav. fltr. Acad. Sd. St. Petershourg,
II. 88 (Enum. PI. Chin. Bot. 14) (1833). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.
129 (1886). — Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 285, fig. 192 i-1, 196 x-y^
(1909).

Rhamnus polymorphus Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV. 713

(1842).
Rhamnus virgatus, var. sylvestris Maximowicz in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
hourg, s6t. 7, IV. No. XI. 13 {Rhamn. Or.-As.) (1866).
Chili: Weichang, 1910, Wm. Purdom (Nos. 298, 299).

The young flowering branches collected by Purdom probably belong to this
species, which I have interpreted differently from Komarov (in Act. Hort. Petrop.
XXV. 11 {Fl. Mansh. III.) [1907]). According to a specimen from northern Korea
(May 18, 1897) collected and distributed by Komarov under the name of R. glo-
bosus, this author takes the glabrous forms for that species. But otherwise Ko-
marov unites R. polymorphus Turczaninow with R. parvifolius. Unfortunately
I cannot read his remarks in Russian on these two species and so I cannot under-
stand his true meaning.

These two and the allied species need further investigation, because it is very
difficult to decide whether the characters on which they are based are constant.
The shape of the leaves may often be an unreliable character, but I do not know
if characters taken from the^flowers, seeds and branchlets are more stable.

31. Rhamnus leptophyllus Schneider. See p. 239.
Rhamnus leptophyllus, var. milensis Schneider, n. var.

Arbor ad 3.5 m. alta, spinosus; ramuli hornotini oHvacei v. brunnescentes,
puberuH v. fere glaberrimi, satis elongati nondum visi, vetustiores cortice laevi colore
corticis cerasi obtecti v. cinerascentes, glabri: ramuli abbreviati laterales distincti.
Folia ramulorum abbreviatorum obovato-oblonga, basim versus sensim in petiolum
10-20 mm. longum attenuata, apice plus minus subito breviter-acuminata, supra
viridia, etiam matura sparse pilosa, subtus pallidiora, pilis sparsis praesertim ad
nervos utrinsecus 2-3 elevatos arcuatos obtecta v. glabra et tantum barbulata,
margine plus minus distincte crenato-serrata, versus basim Integra, majora 4-8
cm. longa, 2-3.5 cm. lata; petioli supra sulcati, pilosi. Flores masculi apice ramu-
lorum fasciculati, virides, glabri, tetrameri, circiter 5 mm. longi; pedicelli 5-8
mm. longi, glabri; sepala lanceolata, satis acuminata, receptaculo distincte lon-
giora; petala ovato-lanceolata, sepalis duplo breviora, staminibus aequilonga, in
sicco brunnescentia; ovaria perparva, valde reducta. Fructus niger, subglobosus,

RHAMNACEAE. — RHAMNUS 251

circiter 6 mm. crassus; pyrenae 2, an dehiscentes?; semina 5-6 mm. longa, olivacea,
laevia, nitida, obovato-oblonga, dorso convexa, lateraHter sulco angusto fere ad
apicem extenso aperto v. clauso, cartilagineo-marginato instructa.

Yunnan: Mi-le, mountain forest, A. Henry (No. 10021, type); Mengtze,
mountain forests, alt. 2200 m., A. Henry (No. 1002P).

This variety may represent a good species. But I have not yet seen shoots
with fully developed leaves, which may have a different shape. The type has
rather broadly ovate leaves on such shoots, and its seeds show a broader furrow.
No. 10021^ is much more glabrous than the type of the variety but agrees otherwise
exactly with it.

There is another specimen collected by Henry near Szemao, W. mountains,
2000 m. (No. 11890; shrub 2.5 m., yellow flowers). It bears young leaves and
pistillate flowers, which have rather narrow and acute sepals, small lanceolate
petals and reduced stamens. The ovaries show a deeply two-cleft style.

Another of Wilson's specimens from western Hupeh, May and October 1907
(No. 410) resembles var. milensis. It consists of flowering and fruiting branches.
The male flowers agree well with those of Henry's No. 10021, but the fruits have
a shorter furrow, opened only at the very base. All these forms need further
study.

32. Rhamnus virgatus Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 351 (1824). — D. Don, Prodr.
Fl. Nepal. 190 (1825). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 285, fig. f-h (1909).

Rhamnus dahuricus, Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 639 (1875), ex-
cludendis synonym et varietate.

British India: western Himalaya and the western peninsula.
This seems to me a good species, which may be nearer related to R. iteinophyllus
Schneider than to any other Chinese species.

33. Rhamnus hirsutus Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. I. 165 (1834).

Rhamnus dahuricus, var. hirsutus Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 639

(1875).

British India: western peninsula.

This species is certainly most closely allied to R. virgatus Roxburgh, and may
possibly represent only a variety of it. It differs in its more hirsute pubescence,
but the name is somewhat misleading, because the pubescence seems to be slight
and soon disappears. I have not seen a type specimen.

34. Rhamnus japonicus Maximowicz in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, s6t.
7, IV. No. XI. 11, fig. 52-64 (Rhamn. Or.-As.) (1866). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. II. 285, fig. 196, t-uS 197 e-k (1909).

Rhamnus Yoshinoi Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVIII. 97 (1904).

Japan: Hondo, " basi Ontake, in fruticetis," July 1905, U. Faurie (No.
6873).

Of R. Yoshinoi I have not yet seen a specimen, but according to the descrip-
tion it may be the same as R. japonicus, which Makino does not mention. The
seeds have a closed groove. This is not the case in R. Buergeri Miquel (in Ann.
Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 31 [1867]) which I only know from the description.

35. Rhamnus davuricus Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. III. append. 721 (1776). —
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 11. 287, fig. 192 m-p (1909).

Rhamnus catharlicus, y. davuricus Maximowicz in M6m. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
bourg, s6r. 7, IV. No. XI. 9 {Rhamn. Or.-As.) (1866).

252 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Chili: Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 29; bush 1.5-2.5 m. tall). Korea:
"in monte des diamants," June 22, 1906, U. Faurie (No. 500); " in dumosis,"
Seoul, June 1906, U. Faurie (No. 503).

This species is most nearly related to the European R. catharticus Linnaeus,
but there are some forms from eastern Siberia which are difficult to determine.
They may represent varieties of both these species.

Whether R. dahuricus, var. nipponicus Makino in Tokyo Bat. Mag. XVIII. 98
(1904) from middle and northern Japan, where it is said to be common, represents
a good variety or even a different species, I cannot decide.

36. Rhamnus iteinophyllus Schneider. See p. 239.

37. Rhamnus hamatidens L^veille in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. X. 473 (1912).
Kweichou: Pin Fa, April 15, 1903, J. Cavalerie (No. 992).

The type specimen, which I have seen, consists only of young shoots with female
flowers. The leaves very much resemble those of a peach or a willow. They are
very smooth and only a little pilose on the midrib above and on the short 3-4 mm.
long petioles. They measure up to 11 cm. in length and 2.7 cm. in width and have
a somewhat irregular serration with appressed rather distant teeth. The base is
acute and the apex runs into a long and slender acumen. The glabrous shoots are
round and quite smooth. The stamens of the pistillate flowers are very much
reduced to filiform staminodes; the petals are wanting. It may be a very distinct
species, the relationship of which cannot be indicated before the mature leaves
and fruits are known.

38. Rhamnus lamprophyllus Schneider in Notizhl. Bat. Gart. Berlin, 1908,
78; III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 289, fig. 198 1-m, 199 g (1909).

Hupeh: A. Henry (No. 6504).

I have not yet seen any other specimen which I could surely refer to this species.

39. Rhamnus utilis Decaisne. See p. 240.

40. Rhamnus Wilsonii Schneider. See p. 240.

41. Rhamnus hypochrysus Schneider in Notizhl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, 1908, 76;
III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 290, fig. 198 p-q, 199 o-q (1909).

Szech'uan: A. von Rosthorn (No. 1585). Northern Shensi: G. Giraldi
(Nos. 931, 932, 940).

HOVENIA Thunb.

Hovenia dtilcis Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 101 (1784). — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXIII. 131 (1886), excludendo synonymo. — Schneider,
III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 291, fig. 200, 201'* (1909). — Pampanini in
Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 425 (1910).

Western Hupeh: neighbourhood of Ichang, alt. 300-1000 m.,
common, June 1907 (No. 2429; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.,
flowers white); Patung Hsien, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No.
1191, in part). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, July 1901
(Veitch Exped. No. 1191, in part). Western Szech'uan: Mon-
kong Ting, alt. 1600 m., June 30, 1908 (No. 2429"; tree 8-20 m. tall,
girth 1-2.5 m.); without locahty, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1898).

EHAMNACEAE. — HOVENIA 253

Yunnan: south of Red River from Manmei, A. Henry (No. 9465);
Szemao, mountains, east, alt. 1600-2000 m,, A. Henry (Nos. 12034,
12034^). Shantung: " Lau-shan," August 1907, F. N. Meyer
(No. 280).

This is a common tree in western Hupeh and in Szech'uan up to 1000 m. altitude.
It is usually from 20 to 25 m. tall, but occasional specimens occur from 30 to 35
m. tall. The trunk is free of branches for from 5 to 10 m. and has a girth of from
2 to 4 m.; the bark is grey, longitudinally fissured and persistent. The branches
are stout, spreading and ascending-spreading. In the length of the petiole, the
degree of dentation of the leaves and of the pubescence on the leaves and branches,
this tree shows considerable variation.

A colloquial name for this tree is " Kuai-tsao " and the thickened pedicels of
the fruits are used medicinally by the Chinese to offset the effects of over-indul-
gence in wine.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 100, 498, 078, 0194 of my collec-
tion of photographs and in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 551, 552.

E. H. W.

Here may be added some notes on two Chinese genera of Rhamnaceae not
collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

VENTILAGO Gaertn.

VentUago calyculata Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. s6r. 4, VIII. 124 (1857). —
Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 631 (1875).

Yunnan: Manhan, red River bank, A. Henry (No. 10889; large climber,
brownish flowers).

This specimen agrees very well with Wallich's No. 4268 cited by Tulasne.
Ventilago calyculata of Pitard (in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine, I. 912, fig. 115
(1-4) (1912)) and also of Pierre {Fl. For. Cochin, pi. 313 C [1894]) may represent
V. sulphurea Tulasne, 1. c. 125, as indicated on Pierre's plate. This species
is at once distinguished by its obtuse not apiculate anthers.

GOUANIA L.

Gouania javanica Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. I. pt. 1, 649 (1855). — Pitard in Lecomte,
Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine, I. 932 (1912).

Yunnan: Feng Chen Lin, mountain, alt. 2800 m., A. Henry (No. 11188; tree
2.5 m. tall, yellowish flowers).

G. javanica appears to be distributed from Java through the Malayan ArchipeL
to Cochinchina. But there is some doubt, if the Yunnan form belongs to that
species or to G. napalensis Walhch (in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 417 [1824]), or represents
a new species. All the Asiatic species of Gouania need further study.

NYSSACEAE.

Determined by E. H. Wilson.

NYSSA L.

Nyssa sinensis Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XX. t. 1964 (1891).

Kiangsi : Ruling, thickets, side of water-courses, alt. 1300 m., com-
mon, July 31, 1907 (No. 1557; wide spreading bush 2.5-6 m. tall,
fruit blue); same locality, July 29, 1907 (No. i557*; small tree, 5-6 m.
tall).

This is a very common bush or small tree along watercourses on the Lushan
mountain in Kiangsi; it is rare in Hupeh and has not been recorded from western
Szech'uan. The undescribed fruit is indigo-blue, oval, from 12 to 15 mm. long,
about 7 mm. wide, obtuse at the ends, and produced 2 or 3 together on short
pedicels at the end of a pedimcle from 2 to 5 cm. or more long. The young leaves
and shoots are clothed with pale gray silky hairs which soon fall away. In autumn
the leaves turn to a brilliant reddish color.

CAMPTOTHECA Decne.

Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XX.
157 (1873). — Baillon, Hist. PI. VI. 282 (1877). — Franchet in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VIII. 241, t. 9 (PL David. II. 59) (1886). —
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 346 (1888). — Diels in Bot.
7ahrh. XXIX. 504 (1900). — Dode in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV.650,
fig. b (1908).

Camptotheca yunnanensis Dode in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 651, fig. c
(1908).

Kiangsi: near Kiuking, around base of foot hills, alt. 160 m.,
August 2, 1907 (No. 1544; tree 13-20 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.3 m., flower
white, bark grey). Western Hupeh : without locality, August 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 1681); without locality, A. Henry (No. 760^).
Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, October 1910 (No. 4405, seeds
only); same locality, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4949); without
precise locality, alt. 300-600 m., October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No.
3700). Yunnan: Szemao, alt. 1600-2000 m., A. Henry (Nos.
13091, 13433).

254

NYSSACEAE. — D AVIDIA 255

This 13 a handsome quick growing tree widely distributed through the warmer
parts of central, western and southwestern China and particularly abundant by
the streams in the northern parts of the Chengtu Plain, where it ascends to an
altitude of 750 metres. It is also common round the base of Mt. Omei but is rare
in Hupeh and Kiangsi. It grows from 20 to 25 m. tall, with a girth of 2 m. and
the trunk is usually without branches for 10 m. above the ground, the bark is
smooth and pale gray; the branches are only moderately thick and spreading. The
wood is white, soft and of little value except as fuel. The capitate heads of flowers,
with long exserted white stamens, are freely produced in July and early August
and may be terminal or axillary, solitary or in racemes of from 3 to 6 or more.
The ripe samaras are shining brown, from 2 to 3 cm. long.

The characters on which C. yunnanensis Dode is founded are too slight to be
of even varietal value and were probably taken from immature fruiting material.
Our No. 1681 from Hupeh, has fruit exactly the size (1.5 cm.) of that of Dode's
species, but it is not fully grown.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 66, 0245, 0252 in the collection of
my photographs and in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 143.

DAVIDIA Baill.

Davidia involucrata Baillon in Adansonia, X. 115 (1871). — Fran-
chet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VIII. 242, t. 10 (PI. David. II.
60) (1886). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 505 (pro parte) (1900). —
Wangerin in Bot. Jahrb. XXXVIII. Beibl. LXXXVI. 75 (1906). —
Dode in Rev. Hort. 1908, 405. — Hemsley in Gard. Chron. ser.
3, XLV. 321 (1909). — Home in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, VII. 303,
t. 31, 32, 33 (1909).

Davidia tibetana David in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sir. 2, XV. 161 (nomen
nudum) (1882).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, woods, alt. 1600-2500 ra., June
and October (No. 510, in part; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.5 m.,
bracts pure white, fruit russet-brown); same locality, October 1910
(No. 4393; tree 10-16 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Wa-shan, woodlands, alt.
1800-2300 m., Sept. 1908 (No. 510, in part); Tu-ti-hang mountains,
Lungan Fu, woodlands, alt. 2300-2600 m., common, August 1910
(No. 4393^); west of Tien-ch'uan chou, woods, alt. 2000 m., July and
October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3702). Hupeh: Changyang
Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m., rare, June and October 1907 (No.
510, in part; tree 10-15 m. tall).

This remarkable tree is fairly common in moist woods throughout western
Szech'uan between altitudes of IGOO and 2500 m. In western Hupeh it occurs in
the districts of Changyang and Patung but is very rare. The tree grows to the
height of 20 m. with a girth of trunk of 2 m.; the branches are ascending-si)read-
ing and the tree is of a loose pyramidal habit similar to that of the common
wild Pear. On old trees the lower branches are wide-spreading. The bark is

256 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

dark gray, rough, with corky lenticels and exfoliates in thin, small flat irregu-
larly oblong flakes. The wood is white, tough and heavy. The flowers are pen-
dulous, produced on short, lateral, spur-like branches; the bracts are always flimsy
in texture, boat-shaped, coarsely toothed or entire, small and rather greenish
at first, attaining full size and snowy whiteness when the anthers are mature;
afterwards they turn first creamy-white, then brownish, and fall away. When in
full flower the tree is more conspicuous on dull days and in the early morning
and evening than when the sun is shining. Andre (in Rev. Hort. 1902, 378) states,
on the authority of Pere Farges, that the fruit is edible when bletted. This is an
error. The mesocarp is very thin and " gritty; " the endocarp is very sclerotic
and remains so even after exposure to the weather or after having been buried for
two or three years. A sharp axe or saw is necessary to cut through the endocarp,
and the seeds are too small to be of any edible value.

The tree was discovered in Mupin, western Szech'uan, by Abbe David in 1869,
and was first introduced to cultivation through seeds which I collected and sent
to Messrs. Veitch in November 1903 and again in 1904. Several hundreds of seed-
lings were raised in the nursery of Coombe Wood and every one had glabrous
leaves and continued to produce such for the first three or four years. The shoots
were dark red and this character alone distinguished them from seedUngs of the
variety Vilmoriniana. The 5-year old plants had leaves very sparsely pubescent
below; a specimen before me, taken from one of these plants in June 1911, has
the underside of the leaves clothed with a short gray pubescence and the veins
with long, appressed hairs. In fact, the densely silkily hairy undersurface of the
leaves is a character belonging to the adult tree and is not developed on seedling
trees until they are several years old. The red color of the shoots is a juvenile
character only; on adult trees the color is grayish the first year, dull purple after-
wards and, curiously enough, this is the color of the shoots in juvenile as well as
adult plants of the variety Vilmoriniana.

Davidia involucrata, var. Vilmoriniana Hemsley in Bot. Mag.
CXXXVIII. t. 8432 (1912).

Davidia involucrata Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XX. t. 1961 (non Baillon) (1891).
— Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 505 (1900), speciminibus Fargesianis et
Henryanis excludendis. — Andre in Rev. Hort. 1902, 377, fig. 158. —
Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIII. 236, fig. 98 (1903); XXXIX.
346, fig. 138 (1906). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.iXXXY. 556, t. 19
(1903); in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. (1907), 301. — Veitch in Jour. Roy.
Hort. Soc. XXVIII. 57, fig. 11, 12 (1903). — Vilmorin & Bois, Frut. Vil-
morin. 145, fig. (1904). — Mottet in Rev. Hort. 1906, 297, fig. 124, 125,
126; 1907, 321. fig. 105. — M. de Vilmorin in Rev. Hort. Beige, XXXIV.
230, fig. (1908).

Davidia Vilmoriniana Dode in Rev. Hort. 1908, 406. — M. de Vilmorin in
Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 640 (1908).

Davidia laeta Dode in Rev. Hort. 1908, 407.

Western Hupeh : north and south of Ichang, woodlands, alt.
1500-2500 m., June 1907 (No. 2920; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1-1.5 m.) ;
Hsing-shan Hsien, moist woods, alt. 2000-2500 m., common, May
29, 1907 (No. 2920, in part; tree 12-20 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); same
locaUty, alt. 1800 m., June 3, 1907 (No. 2920, in part; tree 16 m. tall,

NYSSACEAE. — DAVIDIA 257

girth 1.5 m.); same locality, alt. 1600-2300 m., June 1907 (No. 2919;
tree 10-16 m. tall, girth 1-1.5 m.); Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-
2000 m., June 1907 (No. 2920, in part; tree 10-16 m. tall, girth 1-2
m.); Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2300 m., common, July and Sep-
tember 1907 (No. 2920, in part); south of Ichang, woods, alt. 1500-
2000 m., May and November 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 642).
Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, base of cliff, alt. 1950 m., one
tree only. May 17, 1888, A. Henry (Nos. 5577, 5577''); "District de
Tchen-keou-Tin" (Chengkou Ting), P. Farges.

This tree is common in moist woods through north-western Hupeh between
altitudes of 1600 and 2300 m. It is less common in the south-west of this province
and in eastern Szech'uan. In western Szech'uan it occurs sparingly on Mt. Omei
and in the wild region to the south-southwest of this mountain and elsewhere,
but is everywhere rare. Formerly I was inclined to believe that this tree might rep-
resent a second species but subsequent observation has convinced me that it is
nothing more than a glabrous leaved variety of the type. In the adult trees there
is no other difference between the type and the variety; in the juvenile stage even
this disappears and the only distinguishing character is the color of the young
shoots which is dull gray or slightly purplish in the variety and dark red in the
type. Specimens agreeing in every detail with D. laeta Dode may be obtained
from the branches growing in dense shade on any tree of the var. Vilmoriniana.
On the juvenile plants, more especially if they grow closely together or in dense
shade, the leaves are thin in texture and pale green below. Leaves having teeth
with both long and short setae may be found on any one branch and commonly
this difference may be detected on the same leaf.

D. involucrata, var. Vilmoriniana Hemsley was first discovered in Wushan Hsien,
eastern Szech'uan, by A. Henry in 1888, one tree only being met with during a
journey of six months' duration. It was subsequently discovered in northeastern
Szech'uan by Pcre Farges who sent seeds to Monsieur Maurice de Vilmorin who
received them in 1897. From these seeds one plant was raised (Andr6 in Rev.
Hort. 1902, 378). From this plant cuttings have been raised and one of them
is now growing at the Arnold Arboretum. To secure this Davidia was the prin-
cipal object of my first expedition to China for Messrs. Veitch (1899-1901).

I succeeded in introducing a quantity of fruit which produced some thirteen
thousand plants. All the seedling Davidia trees of the variety Vilmoriniana in
cultivation except the solitary example raised by M. Maurice L. de Vilmorin,
resulted from this expedition.

The Davidia has several colloquial names, each very local in application. In
north-western Hupeh it is known as the " Shan-peh-k'o " tree, in south-eastern
Szech'uan it is the " Kung-t'ung " tree.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 557 and 687 of the collection of
my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 201, 202.

OLEACEAE.

FRAXINUS L.

Determined by Alexander Lingelsheim.

Sect. ORNUS DC.

Subsect. EuoRNUS Koehne & Lingelsh.

Fraxinus Griffithii Clarke in Hooker f., Fl Brit. Ind. III. 605
(1882).— Lingelsheim in Bot. Jahrh. XL. 212 (1907). — Koorders,
Excursionsfl. Java, III. 48 (1912).

Fraxinus floribunda, var. integerrima Wenzig in Bot. Jahrh. IV. 173 (1883).
Fraxinus bracteata Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 84 (1889). — • Diels in

Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 530 (1900). — Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 818

(1912).
Fraxinus Eedenii Boerlage & Koorders in Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. LVI.

185, t. 1, 2 (1896). — Koorders & Valeton in Mededel. Lands Plantent. LIX.

229 (Bijdr. Boomsort. Java, VIII.) (1902). — Koorders in Natuurk. Tijdschr.

Ned. Ind. LXII. 224 (1902).
Fraxinus philippinensis Merrill in Bureau Gov. Labor. Philipp. Isl. No.

XXXV. 57 (1905).

Western Hupeh: without precise locality, June and October
1901 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 1926, 2143); Fang-Hsien, woodlands, 1200
m., July 1907 (No. 2774; tree 5-8 m. tall, girth 1 m., flowers white);
north and south Ichang, thickets, alt. 300-1200 m., June and October
1907 (No. 2775; tree 8 m. tall, girth 1 m., flowers white).

A sterile branch of No. 2775 with toothed leaves perhaps belongs to another
species.

Fraxinus retusa Champion in Hooker's Jour. Bot. V. 330 (1852). —
Lingelsheim in Bot. Jahrh. XL. 213 (1907).

The type does not seem to occur in central and western China.

Fraxinus retusa, var. Henryana Oliver in Hooker's Icon. X. t. 1930
(1890). -Lingelsheim in Bot. Jahrb. XL. 213 (1907). —Schneider,
III. Handh. Lauhholzk. II. 818 (1912).

Fraxinus retusa Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 530 (non Champion) (1901).
258

OLEACEAE. — FRAXINUS

259

Western Hupeh: north of Ichang, roadside, rare, alt. 300 m.,
May 3, 1907 (No. 2783; tree 10 m. tall, girth 0.6 m., flowers pure
white), same locahty, thickets, not common, alt. 600-1000 m., May
7, 1907 (No. 2784; bush or small tree 2-7 m. tall); same locality,
rare, alt. 500-800 m.. May 4, 1907 (No. 2788; small tree 5 m. tall,
flowers white) ; Hsing-shan Hsien, side of streams, alt. 600-1000 m..
May 1907 (No. 2785; slender tree 8 m. tall, flowers white); Fang
Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600 m., July 1907 (No. 2786; bush 8 ft.); same
locality, ravine, rare, alt. 1200 m.. May 26, 1907; No! 2787; tree
10 m. tall, girth 1.3 m., flowers white); Changlo Hsien, woods, alt.
1000-1600 m.. May 1907 (No. 2789, in part; tree 8 m. tall, girth
1 m., flowers white); Patung Hsien, alt. 1500 m.. May 1907 (No.
2789, in part; tree 8-11 m. tall, flowers white); without precise
locality. May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1824). Western Szech'uan :
Niu-tou-shan, west of Kuan Hsien, alt. 2600 m., June 21, 1908
(No. 2781; small tree, 8 m. tall).

Here may be added a reference to another variety not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Fraxinus retusa, var. Integra Lingelsheim in Bot. Jahrb. XL. 213 (1907). —
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 818 (1912).

Western Hupeh: without precise locality, May, June and August 1901 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1950).

Fraxinus Paxiana Lingelsheim in Bot. Jahrh. XL. 213 (1907). —
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 818 (1911).

Fraxinus densiflora Lingelsheim in Bot. Jahrb. XL. 215 (1907). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 816 (1911).

Western Hupeh: without precise locality, April 1900 and May
and October 1901 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 77, 2126, 2126^) ; Fang Hsien,
woods, alt. 2000-2500 m.. May and November 1907 (No. 708; tree
14 m. tall, girth 1 m.); same locality, woodlands, alt. 1800-2300
m., June and October 1910 (No. 4423; tree 22 m. tall, girth 2.6 m.);
same locality, woods, Sheng Teng Chia, alt. 2600 m., June 1910 (No.
4610; tree 10 m. tall, flowers white). Western Szech'uan : Pan-
lan-shan, west of Kuan Hsien, alt. 2300-2600 m., June 1908 (No.
2778; tree 5-14 m. tall); foot of Wa-shan, alt. 2600 m., September
1908 (No. 2780; tree 12 m. tall, girth 2.3 m.); without precise locality,
July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4085).

260 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

With the rich material of the Wilson collection before me, I have no doubt that
the imperfectly known Fraxinus densiflora Lingelsheim is the same as Fraxinus
Paxiana. This tree is cultivated in the Arnold Arboretum. The cultivated as
well as the wild plants show great variabihty in form and consistence of the leaves.
In some cases the basis of the rhachis is dilatated as is that of Fraxinus Spae-
thiana Lingelsheim known from cultivated plants only, or of Fraxinus platypoda
Oliver from Hupeh, which resembles this species in the shape of the leaves, but
differs in having a papillose epidermis.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 358 and 083 of the collection
of Wilson's photographs and in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 228.

Fraxinus Mariesii Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. XXXIV. t. 6678 (1883).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 86 (1889). — Dippel, Handb.
Lauhhohk. I. 67 (1889). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 508 (1893).—
Schneider, III. Handh. Lauhhohk. II. 818 (1912).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, side of streams, rare, alt. 1300 m.,
July 1907 (Nos. 1590, 1591; bush 2-3 m. tall); same locality,
thickets, rare, alt. 1200 m., August 1907 (No. 1592; bush 2 m. tall,
with wild white wax).

Mr. Wilson has discovered the interesting fact that white wax is also produced
on Fraxinus Mariesii as well as on Fraxinus chinensis Roxburgh, the genuine
white wax tree, " pe-la-shu " of the Chinese.

Subsect. Ornaster Koehne & Lingelsh.

Fraxinus chinensis Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. I. 150 (1820). — G. Don,
Gen. Syst. IV. 55 (1838). — Loudon, Arh. Brit. II. 1240 (1838). — De
Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 277 (1844). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 85 (1889). — Wesmael in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXXI. 104
(1892). — Lingelsheim in Bot. Jahrb. XV. 216 (1907).

Fraxinus chinensis, var. typica Lingelsheim in Bot. Jahrh. XL. 216
(1907).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, margins of cultivated areas, alt. 300-
1000 m., May, June 1907 (No. 1337 in part; tree 8-10 m. tall);
Ichang, planted, but no white wax raised, alt. 300-1000 m., October
1907 (No. 1337, in part) ; Ichang Fu, alt. 300-1000 m., June 10,
1907 (No. 1337, in part); without precise locahty, April 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 77). Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, culti-
vated for white wax, alt. 300-500 m., September 4, 1908 (No.
1337, in part; tree 3-7 m. tall); without precise locality, cultivated
for white wax, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4085).

OLEACEAE. — FRAXINUS 261

Fraxinus chinensis, var. rhynchophylla Hemsley in Jour. Ldnn.
Soc. XXVI. 86 (1889).

Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance in Jour. Bot. 164 (1869). — Sargent in Gard.

and Forest, VI. 484, fig. 70 (1893). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk.

II. 820 (1912).
Fraxinus obovata Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 813 (1911).
Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Wenzig in Bot. Jahrb. IV. 187 (ex parte) (1883).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, rare, alt. 1300 m., July 1907 (Nos.
1594, 1595, 1595% bush 2-3 m.). Western Hupeh: Hsin-shan
Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1300 m.. May 1907 (No. 2790; bush 2-3
m. tall). Western Szech'uan: Lungan-Tu, Tu-ti-liang Mt., alt.
2300-3000 m., August 1910 (No. 4609; tree 10-14 m. tall); without
precise locality, alt. 2200-2300 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No.
4082; tree 5-12 m. tall).

Fraxinus chinensis is one of the most polymorphous species of the genus. In
Bot. Jahrb. XL. 216 (1902) I have enumerated five varieties, to which I add now
var. rhynchophylla Hemsley after having studied the abundant material of the
Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum.

Fraxinus obovata Blume in Mus.-Ludg. Bot. I. 311 (1849-51) with scabrid
pubescence on both sides of the leaflets is said to have been introduced from
China to Japan. The flowers of this species are unknown and the original plant
is not found in any collection and has never been seen since Blume described it.

Pictures of F. chinensis will be found under Nos. 306 and 310 of the collec-
tion of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos.
226, 227.

Here may be added a reference to another variety not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Fraxinus chinensis, var. acuminata Lingclsheim in Bot. Jahrb. XL. 216 (1907).

Western China: Yalung Valley, alt. 3000-3300 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped.
No. 4088; tree 7-14 m. tall).

Fraxinus Sargentiana Lingelsheim, n. sp.

Arbor circiter 8-metralis; gemmae griseo-brunneae, puberulae; ra-
muli juveniles flavido-grisei, pubescentes. Folia circiter 20 cm.
longa, mediocriter petiolata, saepissime 4-juga, rhachide dense velu-
tino-pubescente instructa; foliola subcoriacea, ambitu oblonga, e
, basi lata, saepius quasi rotundata apicem versus sensim caudato-
attenuata, insigniter asymmetrica, 5-12 cm. longa, 2-3.5 cm. lata,
supra glaberrima, subtus dense velutino-pubescentia, margine, basi
excepta, regulariter adpresse subcrenato-serrata, distincte petiolulata,
petiolulo pubescente 0.5-0.8 cm. longo suffulta. Panicula plus
minusve laxa, densa, pedunculis et samaris exceptis pubescens;
calyx permagnus, cupuliformis, irregulariter dentatus; flores ignoti.

262 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Fructus e basi latiore subspathulato-lanceolatus, apice acutus v.
raro obtusus, 2-3.5 cm, longus, 0.3-0.4 cm. latus.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, side of streams, alt. 1600 m.,
August 1908 (No. 2777; tree 8 m. tall).

This new species, certainly a member of the Ornaster group, is related to Frax-
inus chinensis, var. acuminata, but differs from that tree in the number of the
leaflets and in the velvety pubescence of the vegetative parts.

Sect. FRAXINASTER DC.
Subsect. Melioides Endl.

Fraxinus platypoda Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XX. t. 1929 (1890). —
Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 531 (1900). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Lauhholzk. II. 822 (1912).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, rare, alt. 2300 m., May 1907 (No.
2776; tree 20 m., girth 2 m.).

This Ash resembles in the form of the leaves Fraxinus Paxiana Lingelsheim,
especially in the dilatated base of the rhachis, but can easily be distinguished by
the papillose epidermis of the leaves.

Fraxinus inopinata Lingelsheim, n. sp.

Arbor circiter 20-metralis; gemmae griseo-tomentosae; ramuli
cinerei, velutino-pubescentes. Folia satis petiolata, 15-30 cm. longa,
3-4-juga, rhachide dense pubescente instructa; foliola sessiHa, sub-
coriacea, ambitu oblongo-elliptica, apicem versus sensim acuminata,
7-12 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata, supra glaberrima simulque impresso-
reticulata, laete viridia, subtus secus nervos primarios et ad basin
pubescentia, papillis densissime obsitis albicantia, margine crenato-
serrata. Panicula lateralis circiter 15 cm. longa, velutino-pubescens;
flores ignoti. Fructus " periptera " (ala ad basin decurrente) ellipti-
cus, planus, 4-5 cm. longus, 1 cm. latus, apice obtusus v. emarginatus,
stigma persistente saepius coronatus, calyce pubescente irregulariter
fisso praeditus.

Western Szech'uan: north-east of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan,

forests, alt. 2500-3200 m., June 1908 (No. 2779; tree 10-20 m. tall,

girth 1-3 m., bark gray).

The discovery of a second Ash of the Melioides group in China furnishes an-
other proof of the close relationship of the eastern North American and the Chinese
floras. The sterile plant might be confounded from a superficial examination
with some forms of Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, but the papillose structure
of the epidermis of the leaflets resembles more closely that of Fraxinus americana
Linnaeus. The leaves of this new Ash are similar to those of Fraxinus platypoda
Oliver, but differ from them in the absence of the dilatation of the rhachis.

ConUnwd from pnge 11 of cover

Sapindackae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson paor

Sapindus, Koelreuteria, Euphoria 191

Sabiaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Sabia, Meliosma 195

Hhamnaceae by Camillo Schneider

Pahurus, Zizyphus, Berchemia, Chaydaia, Rhamnella,
Sageretia, Rhamnus, Hovenia, Ventilago, (xouania . . . 209
Nyssaceae by E. H. Wilson

Nyssa, Camptoth(>ca, Davidia 254

Oleaceae

Fruxinus by Alexander Lirgclsheim 258

PLANTAE WILSONIANAE

In this work it is proposed to give an enumeration of the dried
plants collected by Mr. E. H. Wilson during his expeditions to west-
ern China in behalf of the Arnold Arboretum, with descriptions of new
species and the elaborations of certain genera as represented in the
Chinese flora.

It is expected that the work will be finished in six parts, making
two volumes.

The price of each part is S2.50; they can be obtained at the Arnold
Aii>oretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.

COLLECTION OF
WILSON'S PHOTOGRAPHS

The photographs mentioned in this work may be obtained from the
Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. These pictures, taken by
Wilson with a full knowledge of his subjects and their scientific import-
ance, give for the first time an accurate idea of trees and different
types of vegetation found in western China.

Series 1. 500 photographs (each 8-^-x6^ inches) taken 1907-1909,
with type-written index, price $250.00.

Series 2. 350 photographs (size as above, luirabered 01-0350) taken
1910, with type-written index, price ipl75.0O.

^ublicatiorai o{ t|)e Shmal)) ^riioretnm of ^arbarb WnOxteitp

No. 3.

THE

Bradley Bibliography

A GUIDE TO

THE LITERATURE OF WOODY PLANTS, INCLUDING BOOKS AND

ARTICLES IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES

AND IN SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR JOURNALS,

PUBLISHED IN ALL LANGUAGES TO THE

END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Prepared at tlie Arnold Arboretum by Alfred Rkhdkr, under the
D'lrecthn of Charles Sprague Sahge.vt

THIS work will consist of five volumes and will extend to between 4000
and 5000 quarto two-column pages. The work is printed at the
Riverside Press, Cambridge ; and only 500 copies will be issued.

All students of trees and shrubs and all librarians have long felt the
necessity of such a work, and with the growth in the interest and practice
of forestry the demand for it is increasing. There is no bibliography of
publications on dendrology, forests and forestry or on arboriculture in any
language, and the published botanical bibliographies do not contain ref-
erences to articles in the Proceedings of learned Societies and in Journals.

The work is divided into five volumes:

Volume L Dkn'drology, General.

Volume IL Dendrology. Taxononiic Arrangement.

Volume HI. Economjc Products and Uses of Woody Plants.

Arboriculture.
Volume IV. Forestry.
Volume V. Index of Aitthors and Titles,

The first volume appeared in July 1911, the second in October l.')T<J.
Volume IV appears in March 1914. \ oluuie III is in the hund.s of tlie
printer and Volume \' is in preparation.

The price of the entire work is $100, and the volumes will not be sold
separately. All communications in regard to the Bradley Bibhograpiiy
should be addressed to the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachu-
chusetts, U. S. A., where subscription blanks and sample pages can be
obtained.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM, No. 4

PLANTAE WILSONIANAE

AN ENUMERATION OF THE WOODY PLANTS

COLLECTED IN WESTERN CHINA FOR THE

ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD

UNIVERSITY DURING THE YEARS

1907, 1908, AND 1910

BY E. H. WILSON

EDITED BY

CHARLES SPRAGUE SARGENT
Volume II — Pakt II

Issued December 28, 1915

CAMBRIDGE
THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

1915

PLANTAE WILSONIANAE, Part V. (Volume II. Part II)

Rosace AE, Subfam. Pomoideae by Alfred Rehder page

Pyrus, Sorbus, Malus, Docynia, Chaenomeles 263

Rosaceae, Subfam. Rosoideae by Alfred Rehder and E. H.
Wilson
Rhodotypus, Kerria, Potentilla, Rosa 300

Rosaceae, Subfam. Prunoideae by Alfred Rehder

Pygeum, Dichotomanthes, Prinsepia 344

Celastraceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Celastrus, Gymnosporia, Perrottetia 346

Elaeocarpaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Elaeocarpus, Sloanea . 360

TiLiACEAE by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Tilia, Grewia 363

Malvaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Abutilon, Urena, Hibiscus 373

Sterculiaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Reevesia, Sterculia, Firmiana 376

DiLLENiACEAE by Alfred Rehder

Actinidia, Clematoclethra 378

Theaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Thea, Gordonia, Stewartia, Ternstroemia, Eurya 390

Guttiferae by Alfred Rehder

Hypericum 402

Tamaricaceae b}^ Alfred Rehder

Tamarix, Myricaria 406

Passifloraceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Passiflora 408

Elaeagnaceae by Alfred Rehder

Hippophae, Elaeagnus 409

Lythraceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Lagerstroemia 418

Punic ace AE by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Punica 419

Myrtaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Eugenia ' 420

Melastomataceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Melastoma, Osbeckia 421

ROSACEAE.

Subfam. POMOIDEAE.
Determined by Alfred Rehder.

PYRUS L.

Pynis serotina Rehder in Proc. Am. Acad. L. 231 (1915).

Westerir Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1300-2000
m., May and December 1907 (No. 479% type); same locality, May
and October 1907 (No. 2977); Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1600
m.. May 1907 (No. 556^) ; north and south of Ichang, thickets, alt.
600-1300 m., April 1907 (No. 479^); same locality, October 1907 (No.
415); Changlo Hsien, thickets. May 1907 (No. 556'=); without precise
locality, A. Henry (No. 5299). Eastern Szech'uan: without pre-
cise locality, A. Henry (No. 5875). Western Szech'uan :Tachien-lu,
alt. 2000-2600 m., October 1908 (No. 1293).

This is one of the Chinese Pears formerly referred to P. sinensis Lindley (not
Poiret). It differs from that species for which 1 have proposed the name P. Lindleyi
(in Proc. Amer. Acad. L. 230) chiefly on account of its brown fruit with deciduous
calyx and of its sharply and setosely serrate, not denticulate or dentate leaves. In
the form which I consider the type of P. serotina the leaves are generally oblong-
ovate, rounded at the base, and the brown fruit is subglobose and measures about
3 cm. in diameter.

Wilson's No. 2977, of which the fruit is not known, differs from the type in its
broader ovate or broadly ovate leaves with more appressed teeth and may repre-
sent a distinct variety or even another species. Henry's No. 5875 has the fruit
pjTiform and may belong to P. serotina, var. Stapfiana Rehder. Henry's No.
5299 is in flower only and agrees with this species in its glabrous styles; both of
Henry's specimens may be from cultivated plants.

Pyrus serotina is common in Szech'uan and Hupeh and is cultivated in sev-
eral improved forms as it is in Japan. The plant known in horticultural htera-
ture as P. sinensis belongs mostly to this species. Also P. sinensis Diels (in Bot.
Jahrb. XXIX. 387) is probably referable to P. serotina, if it does not belong to
the following species.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 0148 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Pyrus semilata Rehder in Proc. Am. Acad. L. 234 (1915).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m.,
May and December 1907 (No. 779, type) ; north and south of Ichang,
alt. 600-1300 m., October 1907 (No. 479).

263

264 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This species seems to be most closely related to P. serotina Rehder, but differs
chiefly in its serrulate, not setosely serrate, generally broader leaves and in the
smaller flowers with usually 3 or 4 styles and shorter sepals and in the smaller
fruit.

Pyrus Calleryana Decaisne, Jard. Fruit. I. in textu ad t. 8 (1872). —
Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, XIX. 172 (1873); in
Mel. Biol. IX. 169 (1873); in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. pt. 1, 18
(1879). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XXI. 298 (1883). — Franchet in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 272 (1883).— Schneider, III. Handb. Lauh-
holzk. I. 666, fig. 363 p (1906). — Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo,
XXXIV. art. 2, 55 (1913). — Rehder in Proc. Am. Acad. L. 237 (1915).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, not common, alt.
1000-1300 m., May 14, 1907 (No. 2775); Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt.
1000-1500 m., December 1907 (No. 556); Patung Hsien, alt. 1000-
1700 m., December 1907 (No. 556^); around Ichang, common, alt.
1000-1300, March and July 1907 (No. 2976); mountains north and
south of Ichang, alt. 600-1500 m., April 1907 (No. 415^). Kiangsi:
Kuling, side of streams, common, alt. 1300 m., July 29, 1907 (No. 1662).
Chekiang: Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor. Kwangtung : without
precise locality, C. Ford (No. 68); Botanic Garden, Hongkong, Nov.
4, 1903, C. S. Sargent.

Pyrus Calleryana is a widely distributed species, and according to Wilson it is
common in western Hupeh from river-level up to 1500 m. alt. It is easily recogniz-
able by its comparatively small crenate leaves glabrous or nearlj^ glabrous like the
inflorescence and by its small flowers with 2, rarely 3 styles. When unfolding most
specimens show a loose and thin tomentum on the underside of the leaves which
usually soon disappears, but in No. 1662 from Kuling even the fully grown leaves
are loosely rusty tomentose on the midrib beneath. In No. 415=* the leaves are
longer, generally ovate-oblong, the pedicels are very long and slender, about 3-4 cm.
long, and the sepals are mostly long-acuminate. The fruits of No. 556-'' are rather
large, about 1-1.4 cm. in diameter, but a fruit examined proved to be 2-celled.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 669 in the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 424.

Pyrus pashia Hamilton apud D.Don, Prodr.Fl. Nepal. 236 (1825). —
G. Don, Gen. Syst. II. 622 (1832). — Decaisne, Jard. Fruit. I. 328,
t. 7 (1872). — Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 48 (1874). — Brandis,
Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 204 (1874) ; Ind. Trees, 291 (1906). — Kurz, Forest
Fl. Brit. Burma, I. 441 (1877). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 374
(1879). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 169, fig. 47 (1902). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. I. 664, fig. 363 h, 364 e-g (1906). — Diels in Not. Bot.
Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 24 (1912). — Rehder in Proc. Am. Acad. L. 238
(1915).

ROSACEAE. — PYRUS 265

Pyrus variolosa Wallich, Cat. No. 680 (nomen nudum) (1828). — G. Don,

Gert. Syst. II. 622 (1832).
Pyrus verruculosa Bertoloni in Mem. Accad. Set. Bologna, ser. 2, IV. 312

(Piante As. II.) (1864).
Pyrus hetercphylla Hort. ex Decaisne, Jard. Fruit. I. 328, sub. t. 7 (pro

synon.) (1872).
Pyrus nepalcnsis Herb. Hamilt. et Hort. ex Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II, 374

(pro synon.) (1879).

Western Szech'uan: Ching-chi Hsien, alt. 1500 m., October
1908 (No. 1335); same locality, open country, alt. 2600 m., October
1910 (No. 4132). Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1400-1500 m., A. Henry
(Nos. 10035, 10035*=). Himalaya: Kashmir to Bhutan. Assam:
Khasia mountains, Ava (ex Hooker f.).

This species is not mentioned by Hemsley in his Index Florae Sinensis, though
Hooker f. in 1879 includes Yunnan in the range of the species. Wilson's No.
1335 which is in ripe fruit agrees well with typical P. pashia and the young plants
raised at the Arnold Arboretum from seeds of that number show exactly the kind
of finely and sharply serrate mostly deeply lobed leaves, figured by Decaisne as
the form occurring on suckers. No. 4132 differs in its much shorter and tomentose
pedicels, only about 1.5 cm. long, and in the generally broader leaves mostly sub-
cordate at the base; some of the fruits show a persistent calyx. Whether this is a
variety of this species or a distinct species may be decided when the plants in cul-
tivation flower and fruit.

Here may be added a note on a variety of this species collected by A. Henry
in Yunnan.

Pyras pashia, var. kumaoni Stapf in Bot. Mag. CXXXV. t. 8256 (1909).—
Rehder in Proc. Am. Acad. L. 239 (1915).

Pyrus Kumaoni Decaisne, Jard. Fruit. I. 328, sub. t. 7 (1872). — Hooker f.,
Fl. Brit. Ind. 11. 374 (1879). — Schneider, 7«. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 665
(1906).
Pyrus Wilhebnii Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 665, fig. 363 n (1906);
in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 120 (1907).

Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountain woods, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10035^,
type of P. Wilhelmii); same locaUty, alt. 1400 m., A. Henry (No. 10035*^).
Himalaya: Kashmir to Kumaon (ex Hooker f.).

This variety differs from the type in its glabrous or nearly glabrous inflorescence
and leaves and in the ovate, broader and often obtuse calyx-lobes. 1 am unable to
separate P. Wilhelmii specifically from this variety. Broadly ovate leaves occur
also in P. pashia, and the statement that P. Wilhelmii has only 3 styles is not borne
out by the specimen in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, which represents
Henry's No. 10035=*, on which P. Wilhelmii is based, as the number of styles varies
in that specimen from 3 to 5.

Pampanini describes (in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 291 [1910]) P.
hupehensis as a new species allied to P. pashia and very similar in general appear-
ance to P. communis, but as he states that the three styles are connate at the base,
and villose-tomentose, this plant cannot belong to the genus Pyrus, if his statement
is correct.

For an enumeration of all the Chinese species of Pyrus and a key see my
Synopsis of the Chinese Species of Pyrus in Proc. Am. Acad. L. 225-240 (1915).

266 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This includes besides those enumerated above the following species: P. ussu-
riensis Maximowicz, P. ovoidea Rehder, P. Lindleyi Rehder, P. Bretschneideri
Rehder, P. phaeocarpa Rehder, P. betulifolia Bunge, P. kolupana Schneider and
P. Koehnei Schneider.

SORBUS L}

Sorbus pallescens Rehder, n. sp.

Arbor tenuis 7-metralis; ramuli fusco-purpurei, sparse lenticellati,
initio ut videtur lanuginosi, autumno glabri; gemmae pauci-perulatae,
oblongo-ovatae, acuminatae, apice villosulo except© glabrae. Folia
decidua, elliptico-ovata v. elliptica, rarius elliptico-obovata, basi ro-
tundata v. late cuneata, acuta v. breviter acuminata, 4-10 cm. longa
et 2-5 cm. lata, irregulariter v. dupliciter denticulato-serrata, denti-
culis saepe ad glandulam reductis, maturitate supra glabra, subtus to-
mento lanuginoso adpresso albido-cinereo nervis'flavescentibus leviter
tantum villosis exceptis dense obtecta, nervis utrinsecus 10-12 fere
rectis in dentes exeuntibus subtus colore flavescente conspicuis; petioli
0.5-1.2 cm. longi, flavescentes, maturitate sparse lanuginosi v. fere
glabri. Inflorescentia fructifera parva, tota fructibus inclusis circiter
1.5 cm. alta, sessilis, sparse lanuginosa v. fere glabra, fructibus 1-4;
pedicelli breves, 2-3 mm. longi; fructus subglobosus, circiter 6 mm.
diam., albidus partim rubro suffusus, basi et apice sparse lanuginosus,
calyce persistente sepalis recurvis triangularibus acutiusculis intus
glabris extus pubescentibus coronatus, bilocularis; styli duo, basi lanu-
ginosi, infra saltem connati (pars inferior persistens tantum visa);
semina orbiculari-obovoidea, compressa, circiter 4 mm. longa, castanea.

Western Szech'uan: west of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 3000 m.,
October 1908 (No. 1255).

This species is most closely related to S. cuspidata Hedlund, which is easily dis-
tinguished by the larger leaves white-tomentose beneath, by the larger inflorescence
and by the larger lenticellate 3-5-celled fruit. It may also be compared with
Sorbus Aria Crantz, which differs in the broader distinctly lobulate leaves more
densely white-tomentose beneath including the veins and petioles, in the much
larger many-flowered inflorescence, longer sepals, and in the larger fruit with the
persistent sepals incurved.

Sorbus megalocarpa Rehder, n. spec.

Frutex robustus 5-8-metralis, interdum epiphyticus in variis arbori-
bus veteribus; ramuli crassi, initio, ut videtur, sparse lanuginosi, de-
mum fusco-purpurei, glabri, nitiduli, lenticellis albidis plerumque oblon-

1 For subgen. Aucuparia, see vol. I. 457-483.

ROSACEAE. — SORBUS 267

gis notati, vetustiores purpureo-fusci v. atrofusci; gemmae ovatae,
floriferae 1-2 cm. longae, crassae, perulis exterioribus 7-12, orbiculari-
ovatis V. late ovatis mucronulatis glabris superioribus plus minusve
viscidis olivaceis deciduis. Folia decidua, chartacea, elliptico-obo-
vata, V. obovato-oblonga, acuminata, interdum subito acuminata v.
tantum acuta, basi cuneata v. rarius e basi attenuata subito contracta
et rotundata, dense crenulato-serrulata, in foliis majoribus interdum
fere sublobulata, 11-16, interdum ad 25 cm. longa et 5-8, interdum ad
13 cm. lata, utrinque glabra v. subtus in axillis nervorum lanuginoso-
barbata supra intense luteo-viridia, subtus pauUo pallidiora, nervis
utrinsecus 14-20 fere rectis in dentes exeuntibus, supra ut costa im-
pressis, subtus elevatis flavescentibus, venulis leviter elevatis v. inter-
dum fere obsoletis eis secundi ordinis exceptis; petioli validi, 1-1.5 cm.
longi, interdum ob laminam decurrentem breviores. Inflorescentia
fructifera corymbosa, 6-8 cm. alta et 10-15 cm. diam., in apice innova-
tionum brevissimorum v. brevium sessilis, foliis pluribus congestis sus-
tenta; rhachis tomentosa v. saepius glabra lenticellata; pedicellia,0.5-l
cm. longi, glabri v. sparse lanuginosi; sepali late triangularia, acutius-
cula, circiter 2 mm. longa et paullo latiore, intus glabra, extus lanugi-
nosa, in fructu persistentia et plerumque recurva; petala non visa;
stamina circiter 20, glabra, ad 3.5 mm. longa; discus cuplaris, sulca-
tus, glaber; styli plerumque 3 v. 4, ad medium connati, glabri, circiter 4
mm. longi, in fructu basi incrassati et cupula circiter 3 mm. alta a
disco et calycis tubo formata circumdati; carpella tota infera; pomum
ovoideum, basi et apice rotundatum v. leviter attenuatum 2-3.5 cm.
longum, rarius minus, brunneum et verruculosum, basi tantum in-
terdum purpureo-fuscum, carnosum carne glomicellis moUibus rubris
farcta, endocarpio crustaceo fragili; semina obovoidea, compressa,
4-6 mm. longa castanea.

Western Szech'uan : Mupin, woodlands, alt. 2200-2600 m.,
October 1910 (No. 956, in part) ; Hung-ya Hsien, epiphytic on various
trees, alt. 1200 m., September 12, 1908 (No. 956, in part); near Mon-
kong Ting, cliffs, alt. 2000 m., June 19, 1908 (No. 956, in part).

This species does not seem to be closely related to anj- other Sorbus. In the
inferior ovary and in the 3-4 styles connate below the middle, it agrees with S.
Hedlundii Schneider, but differs from it in the much larger russet-colored fruit
and the glabrous leaves which resemble certain species of the section Micromelcs,
as S. aronioides Rehder and S. meliosmifolia Rehder.

Sorbus megalocarpa, var. cuneata Rehder, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis in petiolum vix 1 cm. longum v. breviorem sen-

268 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

sim decurrentibus 11-14 cm. longis, et praecipue fructibus minoribus
ovoideis circiter 1.5 cm. longis et 1 cm. diam. brunneo-viridibus moUi-
oribus et magis succulentis.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, woodlands, alt. 2400-2700 m., Octo-
ber 1910 (No. 4215; tree 5-8 m. tall, fruit russet-green).

This variety differs from the type chiefly in its smaller softer fruit and in the more
cuneate short-stalked leaves; in all other characters it agrees with the ty])e, par-
ticularly in the peculiar conical thickening of the base of the connate styles, as it
appears on the fruit.

Sorbus aronioides Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex v. arbor, 4-12-metralis; ramuli ab initio fere glabri, annotini
fusco-grisei v. purpureo-fusci, sparse lenticellis parvis instructi; gem-
mae ovatae, acutiusculae, glabrae, pauci-perulatae. Folia decidua,
matura chartacea, breviter petiolata, elliptica v. elliptico-obovata v.
elliptico-oblonga, acuminata, basi sensim attenuata v. interdum satis
late cuneata, inaequaliter minute serrata, 6-12 cm. longa et 2.5-5 cm.
lata, supra glabra, ad costam plerumque glandulis sparsis obsita, luteo-
viridia, subtus paullo pallidiora, initio ad costam nervosque densius,
in facie sparsissime araneoso-lanuginosa, mox glabra, nervis utrinsecus
7-10 leviter curvatis ante marginem in venulas dissolutis; petioli 0.5-1
cm. longi, lamina decurrente plus minusve marginati, glabri. Corymbi
multiflori, satis densi, 3.5-5 cm. diam., glabri; pedicelli 2-5 mm. longi
ut calyx extus glaberrimi; sepala orbiculari-ovata, rotundata, margine
villoso-ciliata, ceterum glabra; petala irregulariter ovalia, circiter 4
mm. longa, breviter unguiculata, alba; stamina circiter 20, inaequalia,
longiora petalis subaequilonga, antheris late ovalibus fuscis; discus
cupuliformis : ovarium totum inferum, carpellis undique connatis;
styli 2-3, rarius 4, ad medium usque connati, glabri, staminibus mani-
feste breviores, circiter 3.5 mm. longi. Fructus ovoideus, 9-11 mm.
longus, 8-9 mm. diam., apice cicatrice calycis decidui medio umbilicata
notatus, in sicco ruber, laevis; semina immatura obovoidea, compressa,
castanea.

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 2300-3000 m.,
June 1908 (No. 2993, type); southeast of Sungpan, thickets, alt.
2300-2600 m., August 1910 (No. 4632); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 4867).

This species is most closely related to S. Keissleri Rehder, which differs chiefly
in the villose inflorescence, the subglobose fruits, the stouter and shorter petioles,
and in the broader, more obovate and more coarsely crenate-serrate leaves.

ROSACEAE. — SORBUS 269

Sorbus Keissleri Rehder, n. comb.

Micromeles Decaisneana Schneider in Bull. Herb. Boissier, s^r. 2, VI. (1906);

III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 701, fig. 385 g-gS 386 i-k (1906).
Micromeles Keissleri Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 701, fig. 388 c,

389 d (1906).
Micromeles Decaisneana, var. Keissleri Schneider in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov.

111. 151 (1906).
Pirus Keissleri Leveill^, Fl. Kouy-TcMou, 351 (1915).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m., June
1907 (No. 470=*; tree 7-13 m. tall, 0.6-1 m. girth, flowers white);
Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1800 m., June 1907 (No. 470*^, tree 7-13 m.
tall, girth 0.6-1 m., flowers white) ; without precise locality. May 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 593, type of M. Decaisneana), A. Hennj (Nos.
5715,5715''). Eastern Szech'uan: without precise locality, prob-
ably Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7166, type of M. Keissleri).

According to Schneider his Micromeles Decaisneana, var. Keissleri differs from
the type in the flowers having only 2 styles, but flowers with 2 styles and with 3
styles occur in the same inflorescence. Wilson's No. 470'' differs from the t>T3e in
the dense floccosetomentum of the young inflorescence and the young branchlets and
of the under surface of the unfolding leaves at least on the midrib; this tomentum,
however, soon disappears.

The specific name " Decaisneana " cannot be used in the genus Sorbus for this
species, as there is an older S. Decaisneana Zabel in Beissner, Schelle & Zabel,
Handb. Laubholz-Ben. 199 (1903).

Sorbus caloneura Rehder, n. comb.

Micromeles caloneura Stapf in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1910, 192; in Bot.

Mag. CXXXVI. t. 8335 (1910).
Pyrus caloneura Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 279 (1914).

Western Szech'uan: woods southeast of Tachien-lu, alt. 1800-
2400 m.. May and September 1908 (No. 997; bush or thin tree, 3-7 m.
tall); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4864); without precise
locality, alt. 2500 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3496). Eastern
Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7027). Western
Hupeh : Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-1500 m.. May 1907 (No.
348; tree 7 m. tall, girth 0.6 m., flowers white, fruits greenish russet);
Patung Hsien, alt. 1300-1800 m., November 1907 (No. 470; tree 7-12
m. tall, girth 0.6-1 m., fruits russet green); north and south of Ichang,
alt. 1200-1800 m., September 1907 (No. 2992; thin tree, 8-10 m. tall);
without precise locality. May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 301).

This seems to be a rather variable species. Wilson's Nos. 470 and 348 have
much larger more obovate leaves up to 13 cm. long and to 8 cm. broad. In the
specimens from western Szech'uan the leaves when unfolding are covered beneath

270 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

with a caducous cobwebby tomentum, while in No. 348 from Hsing-shan Hsien
the leaves are glabrous when they unfold except a few hairs in the axils of the veins.
No. 2992 has very small fruits measuring only about 6 mm. in diameter. The
number of styles varies from 3 to 5.

Sorbus meliosmifolia Rehder, n. sp.

Arbor parva, 4-1 0-metr alls; ramuli juniores purpureo-fusci, lenti-
cellis parvis instruct!, glabri; gemmae ovatae, pauci-perulatae, glabrae,
fuscae V. fusco-olivaceae. Folia decidua, breviter petiolata, ovata v.
elliptico-ovata v. elliptico-oblonga, acuminata, basi late cuneata, du-
pliciter v. lobulato-serrata dentibus latissime triangularibus serrulatis,
12-16 cm. longa et 5-8 cm. lata, supra laete viridia, glabra, subtus
pallide viridia, sub maturitate in facie tenuissime et sparse araneoso-
lanuginosa v. glabrescentia, in costa nervisque glabra, nervis utrin-
secus 18-24 rectis in dentes exeuntibus supra impressis subtus elevatis;
petioli glabri, supra canaliculati, 4-7 mm. longi, crassiusculi. Corym-
bus fructifer glaber, 5-9 cm. diam.; pedicelli graciles, circiter 1 cm.
longi; fructus subglobosus v. plus minusve turbinatus, 1-1.2 cm.
longus, fuscus, lenticellis parvis satis dense notatus et apice cicatrice
calycis decidui instructus, 3-locularis; semina late ovalia v. obovata,
valde compressa, basi apiculata, apice saepe rotundata, 4-4.5 mm.
longa et 3.5 lata, brunnea.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, woodland, alt. 2600 m., October

1910 (No. 4221).

This species seems to be most closely related to S. Schwerinii Rehder and S.
caloneura Rehder. The former differs chiefly in the more pubescent leaves with only
13-16 pairs of veins, in the longer petioles and in the much smaller fruit, while the
latter is easily distinguished by its narrower more oblong leaves mostly broadest
about or above the middle and gradually narrowed at the base, with fewer veins and
longer petioles.

Sorbus abiifolia K. Koch in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 249 (1864). —
Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, XIX. 175 (1873) ; in
Mel. Biol. IX. 173 (1873). — Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 58 (1874) ;
in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin, II. 294 (1883).

Crataegus alnifolia Siebold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt. II. 130

{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 1. 22) (1845). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III.

40 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 228 (1867). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI.

Jap. I. 141 (1875).!
Aria alnifolia Decaisne in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, X. 166 (Mem. Fam. Pom.)

(1874).
Aria tiliaefolia Decaisne, I. c. 167 (1874).

* Crataegus alnifolia Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. I. 125 (1871) does not belong
here, but is a synonym of Malus Sieboldii Rehder.

ROSACEAE. — SORBUS 271

Pyrus alnifolia Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL Jap. II. 350 (non Lindley)
(1879). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 387 (1900). — Hooker f. in Bot.
Mag. CXXVII. t. 7773 (1901).

Micromeles alnifolia Koehne, Gatt. Pom. 21 (1890) ; in Gartenfl. XLI. 282, fig.
61-62 (1892); Deutsche Dendr. 252 (1893). — Dippel, Handh. Laubholzk.
III. 381 (1893). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XVII. 75 {Consp. Fl. Kor.)
(1899). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 479 {Fl. Mansh.) (1904). —
Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. I. 703, fig. 386 d-e, 387 i-k (1906).—
Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXVI. art. I. 183 (Fl. Kor.) (1909).—
Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. II. 68 (Consp. Rosac. Jap.)
(1913).

Micromeles tiliaefolia Koehne, Gatt. Pomac. 21 (1890).

Pyrus Miyabei Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 214 (1893); VII. 84, fig. 19
(1894). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. 1. 84, t. 49, fig. 14-26 (1900).

Sorbus Myabei [sic] Mayr, Fremdl. Wold. u. Parkbdume, 491 (1906).

Micromeles alnifolia, var. tiliaefolia Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 703,
fig. 386 e, 387 1 (1906); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 152 (1906).

Micromeles alnifolia, a serrata Koidz. /3 tiliaefolia Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci.
Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 69 (Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woods, alt. 1200-
1800 m., June 5, 1907 (No. 2992%- thin tree 8-10 m. tall); Changyang
Hsien, alt. 1200-1800 m., November 1907 (No. 553); without precise
locality, A. Henry (No. 6791). Also in Mandshuria, Korea and Japan.

It does not seem possible to separate Decaisne's Aria tiliaefolia from the type
of this species, not even as a variety, though there is apparently a slight difference in
the shape of the leaves of the specimens from Hokkaido and of those from Hondo.
Of the Chinese specimens Wilson's No. 2992* agrees with those from Hondo, while
Henry's No. 6791 agrees with those from Hokkaido. Wilson's No. 553 is without
leaves, but in its other characters seems to agree perfectly with S. alnifolia K. Koch.

Sorbus Folgneri Rehder, n. comb.

Micromeles Folgneri Schneider in Bull. Herb. Boissier, s^r. 2, VI. 318 (1906);

III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 704, fig. 386 q, 387 n-ni (1906); in Fedde, Rep.

Spec. Nov. III. 152 (1906). — Bean in Kew Bidl. Misc. Inform. 1910, 175.—

Rehder in Moller's Deutsch. Gartn.-Zeit. XXVII. 136, fig. (1912).
Pyrus Folgneri L6veill6 apud Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 283 (1914).

— L^veill^, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 349 (1915).

Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, common, alt. 1200 m., July 29, 1907
(No. 1677; small tree, 5 m. tall). Western Hupeh: Changyang
Hsien, woods, alt. 1200-1800 m.. May 1907 (No. 2997; thin tree,
5-8 m. tall, flowers white) ; without precise locality. May, June and
October 1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 352 and 951); without precise
locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5273 and 5804). Eastern Szech'uan:
Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7075).

A picture of this handsome tree will be found under No. 0150 of the collection
of Wilson's photographs.

272 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

CONSPECTUS SPECIERUM ASIAE ORlENTALIS.i

Fructus calyce persistente.
Folia subtus tomentosa v. demum fere glabra, dupliciter serrata.
Fructus subglobosus. Folia subtus tomento persistente obtecta.
Corymbus pauciflorus, vix 2 cm. altus.

Fructus punctulatus, ruber; styli 3, fere ad basin liberi. Folia 8-12 cm.

longa 1. *S. xanthoneura.

Fructus levis, pallidus: etyli 2 infra coaliti. Folia 4-8 cm. longa.

2. S. pallescens.
Corymbus multiflorus, 4-5 cm. altus: styli 2, ad apicem coaliti. Folia 5-9

cm. longa, basi cuneata 3. »S. Dunnii.

Fructus oblongo-ovoideus. Folia subtus tomento floccoso demum fere eva-

nescente instructa 4. 5. Zahlbruckneri.

Folia subtus glabra, crenato-serrata. Styli 3-4, ad medium coaliti. Fructus ad

3.5 cm. longus 5. S. megalocarpa.

Fructus calyce deciduo, apice cicatrice circulari notatus.

Folia nervis utrinsecus 7-10, leviter curvatis ante marginem subaequaliter serra-
tum in venulas dissolutis. Fructus subglobosus.
Petioli graciles, 1.5-2 cm. longi; folia ob longa, longe acuminata.

Fructus lenticellatus, circiter 1 cm. diam 6. /S. granulosa.

Fructus levis, circiter 0.5 cm. diam 7. S. polycarpa.

Petioli breves, 0.5-1 cm. longi. Fructus levis.

Inflorescentia glabra. Petioli plerumque 1 cm. longi; folia plerumque

obovato-oblonga v. anguste elliptica 8. *S. aronioides.

Inflorescentia villosa. Petioli plerumque 0.5 cm. longa; folia plerumque

obovata 9. <S. Keissleri.

Folia nervis utrinsecus 10-20 rectis in dentes majores marginis dupliciter v.
lobulato-serrati exeuntes.
Folia matura subtus viridia, glabra v. plus minus ve pubescentia.

Fructus subglobosus, lenticellatus. Petioli 0.5-1 cm., rarius ad 1.5 cm. longi.
Folia subtus fere glabri, nervis utrinsecus 10-18 ... 10. S. caloneura.
Folia subtus plus minusve lanuginosa.

Folia nervis utrinsecus 16-24. Fructus 1 cm. diam. 11. S. meliosmifolia.

Folia nervis utrinsecus 13-16. Fructus 0.5 cm. diam. 12. S. Henryi.

Fructus ovoideus v. ellipsoideus, levis v. sparse lenticellatus. Petioli graciles,

1-2 cm. longi. Folia orbiculari-ovata v. elliptica. . . 13. S. alnifolia.

Folia matura subtus albo- v. cinereo-tomentosa.

Folia serrato-lobulata, elliptica v. ovata. Fructus ovoideus.

14. S. japonica.
Folia vix v. non lobulata, ovato-oblonga v. elliptico-oblonga.

Fructus subglobosus, lenticellatus. Folia nervis utrinsecus 12-14 demum

glabris 15. S. Hemsleyi.

Fructus ovoideus, levis. Folia nervis utrinsecus 8-10 tomentosis.

16. S. Folgneri.
1. Sorbus xanthoneura Rehder, n. sp.

Arbor, verisimiliter; ramuli juniores purpureo-fusci, glabri, sparse lenticellati,
vetustiores fusco-cinerei v. cinerei, fructiferi cicatricibus perularum et foliorum
approximatis conspicue notati; gemmae pauciperulatae ovatae, acuminatae, viridi-

1 For a key to the Chinese species of the subgen. Aucuparia see vol. I.
476-480.

ROSACEAE. — SORBUS 273

flavescentes v. nibescentes, omnino glabrae. Folia decidua, oblonga v. obovato-
oblonga, acuminata, basi rotundata v. late cuneata, margine dupliciter dcnticulato-
serrata dentibus parvis glanduliferis margine revolutis, 8-13 cm. longa et 3.5-5.5,
rarius ad 6 cm. lata, supra luteo-viridia, glabra, subtus dense tomento albido
arete adpresso lanuginoso costa et nervis flavidis glabris exceptis obtecta, nervis
utrinsecus rectis in dentes exeuntibus 12-14; petioli glabri, flavidi, 8-15 mm. longi.
Inflorescentia fructifera parva, fructibus inclusis circiter 2 cm. alta, sparse lanugi-
nosa V. fere glabra, fructibus 1-3 ; pedicelli breves, 2-4 mm. longi; fructus subglobo-
sus, circiter 8 mm. diam., ut videtur ruber, sparse lenticellis pallidis notatus, calyce
persistente sepalis recurvis anguste triangularibus acutis intus basi excepta lanu-
ginosis partim deciduis coronatus, basi et apice sparsissime lanuginosus, trilocu-
laris, loculis in fructibus dissectis sterilibus; styli 3, fere ad basin divisi, basi ut
videtur, lanuginosi.

Hupeh: without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 6830).

This species is very closely related to S. pallescens Rehder, but is easily distin-
guished by its larger lenticellate fruit and by the glabrous petioles and the glabrous
underside of the midrib and lateral veins. It is apparently still closer related to
S. cuspidata Schneider, on account of its larger lenticellate 3-celled fruit.

2. Sorbus pallescens Rehder. See p. 266.

3. Sorbus Dunnii Rehder, n. sp.

Arbor, verisimihter; ramuli hornotini initio fulvo-lanuginosi, mox glabri, demum
fusco-purpurei, vetustiores fusci v. fusco-cinerei ; gemmae non visae. Folia decidua,
elliptico-oblonga v. oblonga, acuta v. breviter acuminata, basi late cuneata, inae-
qualiter serrulata dentibus minutis glanduliferis margine revolutis, 6-8 cm. longa
et 2.5-4 cm. lata, supra glabra, subtus dense tomento lanuginoso albido in costa
venisque fulvescente et detergibili vestita, nervis utrinsecus circiter 10 angulo
valde acuto divergentibus rectis in dentes excurrentibus; petioli 1-1.5 cm. longi,
tomento fulvo detergibili obtecti. Inflorescentia multiflora, circiter 5 cm. diam. et
4-5 cm. alta, tomento fulvescente lanuginoso obtecta, rachi glabrescente lenticel-
lata; pedicelli 2-5 mm. longi ut receptaculum turbinatum dense tomentosi; sepala
triangulari-ovata, acutiuscula, 1.5 mm. longa, extus tomentosa, intus glabra;
petalalate ovalia, 4 mm. longa, basi truncata, brevissime unguiculata, alba, glabra;
stamina 20, longiora circiter 4 mm. longa, stylos superantia; discus cupularis,
glaber ; styli duo, fere ad apicem connati, glabri; carpella duo tota connata, infera.
Fructus desideratur.

Fokien: without precise locality, Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Herb.
Bot. Gard. Hongkong, No. 2597).

This species seems to be most closely allied to Sorbus Hedlundii Schneider and S.
Aria Crantz; the former is easily distinguished by the larger leaves with 12-17
pairs of veins, by the 3-5 styles connate only for half their length and woolly at the
base and by the lanceolate sepals pubescent on both sides. S. Aria differs chiefly
in the more lobulate leaves more or less rounded at the apex and white-pubescent
on the midrib and the petiole, in the partly superior ovary, in the pubescence at
the base of the style and in the longer and narrower sepals.

The plant described by Pampanini (in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Hal. n. ser. XVII. 72
[1910]) as Pyrus Aria, var. Silvcstrii of which I have seen no specimen may rcj)re-
sent a distinct new species; it seems near S. Dunnii, but differs in the styles which
are densely tomentose at the base and connate to above the middle.

The plant described by Ldveille (in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 341 [1914])
as Sorbus Aria, var. Mairci with subscssile leaves green below is certainly no S.
Aria.

274 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

4. Sorbus Zahlbruckneri Schneider in Bull. Herb. Boissier, s4r. 2, VI. 318 (1906);
III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 685, fig. 3790 (1906).

Eastern Szech'uan: without precise locahty, A. Henry (No. 7021). West-
ern Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, August 1901 Veitch Exped. No. 1980, Seed
No. 628).

5. Sorbus megalocarpa Rehder. See p. 266.

6. Sorbus granulosa Rehder, n. comb.

Pyrus granulosa Bertoloni in Mem. Accad. Sci. Bologna, ser. 2, IV. 312, t. 3

(Piant. Nov. As. II.) (1864). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, I. 442

(1877). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 378 (1879). — Prain in Joxir. As. Soc.

Bengal, LXXIII. 204 (1904). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 292 (1906).

Pyrus Karensium, Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, II. 306 (1872), III. 232 (1873).

Sorbus sikkimensis Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 58 (1874), quoad specimina

citata " Griffith No. 2077 " et " Pyrus (c) e Khasia."
Micromeles castaneaefolia Decaisne in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, X. 169 (Mem.

Fam. Pom.) (1874).
Micromeles khasiana Decaisne, 1. c. (1874), excludendo specimine " Griffith

No. 2078."
Micromeles granulosa Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 700 (1906); in
Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 151 (1906).
Yunnan: Mengtsze, southeastern mts., A. Henry (No. 10136; tree 5 m. tall).
Khasia: "alt. 4-6000 ped.," J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson (Pyrus (c), type of
Pyrus granulosa).

This species which is closely related to S. polycarpa Rehder and S. sikkimensis
Wenzig is easily distinguished from these species by its larger spotted fruit.

The original description of this species is somewhat confusing, as the quotations
of the specimens under Pyrus verruculosa and P. granulosa are interchanged;
" Pyrus (c) " quoted under P. verruculosa belongs to P. granulosa, and "P. vario-
losa Trell. [sic] var." quoted under P. granulosa belongs to P. verruculosa, as a
comparison of the description and the plates with the specimens quoted shows.

7. Sorbus polycarpa Rehder, n. comb.

Pyrus polycarpa Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 378 (1879). — Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 700 (1906). — Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX.
483 (1911).

Yunnan: A. Henry (No. 11296, ex Dunn).

8. Sorbus aronioides Rehder. See p. 268.

9. Sorbus Keissleri Rehder. See p. 269.

10. Sorbus caloneura Rehder. See p. 269.

11. Sorbus meliosmifolia Rehder. See p. 270.

12. Sorbus Henryi Rehder, n. nom.

Micromeles Schwerinii Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 702, fig. 388 b,
389 a-ai (1906); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 15 (1906).

Western Szech'uan : A. Henry (No. 8957, ex Schneider). Shensi : G. Giraldi
(No. 986, ex Schneider).

As there is already a Sorbus Schwerinii Schneider (in Bull. Herb. Boissier, s6r.
2, VI. 315), the original specific name cannot be retained and the plant may be
named after A. Henry, whose specimens served as the type of this species.

ROSACEAE. — SORBUS 275

13. Sorbus alnifolia K. Koch. See p. 270.

Sorbus alnifolia, var. lobulata Rehder, n. comb.
Micromeles alnifolia, /3 lobulata Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV.
art. 2, 69 (Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).
Korea: Chinnampo, September 17, 1905, J. G. Jack; same locality, June 1901
and August 1906, U. Faurie (Nos. 82 and 305); Seoul, September 1906, U. Faurie
(No. 306). Korean Archipelago: Quelpaert, U. Faurie (Nos. 1552, 1554)
Taquet (Nos. 748, 758, 2824, 2825).

Though the most extreme form of this variety as represented by Jack's speci-
mens which have orbicular-ovate leaves up to 9.5 cm. long and to 9 cm. broad
looks very distinct, the specimens from Quelpaert and from Seoul are intermediate
between the variety and the typical form. 1 suspect that these intermediate forms
represent, at least partly, Koidzumi's var. tiliaefolia.

Sorbus alnifolia, var. submoUis Rehder, n. var.
A typo recedit foliis subtus tota facie villosa indumento plus minusve persistente
et corymbis receptaculis sepalis extus laxe lanuginosis. Folia ovata, basi plerum-
que rotundata, 4-5 cm. longa et 2.5-3.5 cm. lata.

Hondo: north of Yum.oto, oak woods, alt. 1500 m., June 22-24, 1914, E. H.
Wilson (No. 6874, type; tree 10-14 m. tall, 0.60-1.25 m. girth, flowers white);
Mt. Mitsumine, October 1898, H. Shirasawa. Hokkaido: prov. Tokachi,
August 17, 1907, without indication of collector.

This variety, which has comparatively small leaves and differs from the type
chiefly in the rather dense villose pubescence of their underside, seems to have been
sometimes confused with S.japonica Hedlund, which is easily distinguished by the
floccose white or whitish tomentum, the lobed, usually more or less rhombic leaves
and by the larger fruit.

14. Sorbus japonica Hedlund in Kongl. Svensk. Akad. Handl. XXXV. No. I.
90 (July 1901).!

Sorbus japonica Siebold in Verh. Bat. Genoot. XII. pt. 1, 67 {Syn. PI. Oec. Jap.)

(nomen nudum) (1830).
Pyrus lanata Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 40 (non D. Don) (1867);
Prol. Ft. Jap. 228 (1867). — Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 213 (1893);
For. Fl. Jap. 39 (1893).
Sorbus Aria, var. kumaonensis Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,
XIX. 175 (1873); in Mel. Biol. IX. 173 (1873). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess.
For. Jap. I. 83, t. 48 (1900).
Aria japonica Decaisne in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, X. 164 {Mem. Fam.

Pomac.) (1874).
Micromeles japonica Koehne, Gatt. Pomac. 21 (1890); Deutsche Dendr. 252
(1893). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 703, fig. 386 g-h, 387 m-m'
(1906). — Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. II. 69 {Consp.
Rosac. Jap.) (1913).

* In the same year the combination Sorbus japonica based on »S. Aucuparia,
var. japonica Maximowicz was published by Koehne, but S. japonica Hedlund has
the priority by nearly one month, since his publication left the printing press on
July 6, 1901, as I was kindly informed by Dr. J. A. Bergstedt, librarian of the
Swedish Academy, while the number of Gartenflora in which Kochne's S. japonica
was published did not appear until August 1, 1901. This also gives priority to
Hedlund's S. commixta over S. japonica Koehne, which both refer to the same
species.

276 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Sorbus Koehnei Zabel in Beissner, Schelle & Zabel, Handb. Laubholz-Ben. 200
(1903).
Central and southern Japan.

Sorbus japonica, var. calocarpa Rehder, n. var.

A typo recedit praecipue fnictu aurantiaco- v. aureo-luteo levi pj-riformi v.
ovoideo 1.5 cm. longo et foliis subtus dense tomento niveo adpresso persistenti
vestitis ad 10 cm. longis et ad 8 cm. latis.

Hondo: around Lake Yumoto, common in woods, Oct. 15-19, 1914, E. H.
Wilson (No. 7643, type; tree 12-20 m. tall, 1.75-3.25 girth, fruit golden-yellow);
same locality, June 22-24, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6842); same locaUty, in Hem-
lock forest, September 6, 1892, C. *S'. Sargent.

This is a very striking and handsome variety with its large bright yellow fruits
and the large leaves silvery white on their under surface; in the type the fruits are
red and marked with white dots wanting in the variety, and the leaves have a
looser more floccose tomentum which sometimes partly wears off towards autumn,

15. Sorbus Hemsleyi Rehder, n. comb.

Micromeles Hemsleyi Schneider, III. Handb. Lanbholzk. I. 704, fig. 388'', 389°
(1906); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. HI. 152 (1906).
Western Hupeh: A. Henry (No. 6830% type, 6269, ex Schneider).

16. Sorbus Folgneri Rehder. See p. 271.

In the preceding account of the Chinese species of Sorbus (excl. sect. Aucuparia)
I have followed Hedlund and Schneider in the limitation of the genus except that
I include Micromeles, which is considered a distinct genus by these authors. De-
caisne, who founded the genus Micromeles, distinguishes it from his Aria chiefly by
the smaller flowers, the epigynous disk and the deciduous calyx. The difference
in the size of the flowers is not very marked and has hardly any significance as a
generic character. In typical Aria as represented by Sorbus Aria which Decaisne
figures, the disk is certainly perigynous, but in such species as S. cuspidala Hed-
lund {Aria lanata Decaisne), S. Hedlundii Schneider (Aria crenata Decaisne), S.
japonica Hedlund and S. alnifolia K. Koch enumerated by Decaisne under Aria, the
disk is as distinctly epigynous as in the species referred by him to Micromeles. The
deciduous calyx is not a distinguishing generic character with Decaisne, as he in-
cludes S. japonica and S. alnifolia, which both have a deciduous calyx, in Aria.
This leaves no clear distinction between the two genera. Koehne tried to correct
this inconsistent characterization of Micromeles and made the deciduous calyx the
chief generic character, referring the species with deciduous calyx, as S. japonica
and S. alnifolia which Decaisne had placed under Aria, to Micromeles. Consider-
ing, however, the fact that in allied genera like Pyrus and Mains species with a
deciduous and with a persistent calyx exist, and that if these species are generically
separated by this character alone very artificial genera would be created, it is hardly
possible that in Sorbus the behavior of the calyx should be a sufficient character
for generic distinction. That the generic affinity of all the species with deciduous
calyx is not very obvious, may be inferred from the fact that Decaisne included
only one part of these species in his Micromeles and left the other in Aria. These
two groups of species show indeed in all other characters, aside from the behavior
of the calyx, a less close relation to each other than each of them has to certain
species of Sorbus. We have here the same case in Malus where the classification
according to leaf-characters gives an entirely different and apparently more natural
arrangement than that based on the behavior of the calyx. In Micromeles
Koehne we have two distinct groups : one which has simply, more or less crenately
serrate leaves with fewer and curving veins, and subglobose usually lenticellate

ROSACEAE. — SORBUS 277

fruit with firm granulate flesh; here belong S. granulom, S. verrucosa, S. aronioides
and most other species. To the second groui) which has doul)!}' serrate leaves with
usually numerous straight veins and ovoid smooth fruits with soft flesh, belong
S. japonica, S. alnifolia, S. Hemsleyi and S. Folgneri. An intermediate group
is formed by S. meliosviifolia and S. caloneura which have the leaves of the second
and the fruit of the first group. The species of the first group are very unlike the
true Arias in the venation of their leaves which resemble more those of S. mega-
locarpa and those of the section Aronia, while the leaves of the second group are
much like those of S. Aria with wliich they were placed by Decaisne. In Sorbus
as distinguished from Micromelcs two other species have been placed, which show
that the behavior of the calyx is of minor taxonomic value; one of them is S.
Zahlbruckncri, which is in every respect like a form of aS'. Hemsleyi or of S. Folgneri
with glabrescent leaves, but with a persistent calyx, though the fruit is in all other
characters like that of S. Folgneri; the other species is S. subfusca Boissier, which
is in foliage and in fruit very much like S. Aria and approaches it even in the
structure of the flowers which have, according to Schneider's figure, a slightly
perigynous disk, but its fruit has a deciduous calyx. All this shows that the species
of Sorbus with deciduous calyx do not form a natural group and that the behavior
of the calyx is apparently a phylogcnetically recent character and therefore of
secondary importance.

Besides the species enumerated above the following Himalayan species now
enumerated either under Micromelcs or under Pyrus must be transferred to Sorbus.
Sorbus ferruginea Rehder, n. comb.
Sorbus sikkimensis Wenzig, 8 ferruginea Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 60

(1874).
Pyrus ferruginea Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 379 (1879). — Brandis, Ind.

Trees, 292 (1906).
Micromeles ferruginea, Koehne, Gait. Pomac. 21 (sphalmate " ferruginosa ")
(1890). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 700 (1906).
Bhot an : Griflfith (No. 2074, ex Wenzig).
Sorbus Thomsonii Rehder, n. comb.

Pyrus Thomsoni King mss. apud Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 379 (1879). —
Brandis, Ind. Trees, 292 (1906).
Sikkim: T. Thomson (fruits); "8000 ped.," /. D. Hooker (flowers).
This species seems near S. Kcissleri Rehder with which it agrees in the venation
and in the short petioles. Hooker states that young flowering specimens of this
species were distributed as " Photinia arguta Wall, var." and were quoted by
Decaisne under his Micromeles verrticosa, but a specimen under that name in the
Gray Herbarium collected by Hooker & Thomson consists of a fruiting branch and
of a branch with mature leaves only; these both belong to S. verrucosa; and
possibly Decaisne had a similar specimen and not the flowering branches of S.
Thomsonii, referred to by Hooker.
Sorbus Griffithii Rehder, n. comb.
Sorbus sikkimensis, y microcarpa Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 59 (1874).
Sorbus (Pirus) crenata Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 60 (non D. Don)

(1874), quoad specimen " Grifiith No. 2076."
Pyrus Griffithii Hooker f., Fl. Brit. hid. II. 377 (1879). — Prain in Jour. As.
Soc. Bengal. LXXIII. 204 (1904). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 291 (1906).
Sikkim: "East Himalaya" Griffith (No. 2076, type); "alt. 7-9000 ped."
J. D. Hooker ("Pyrus," fruiting branch); Senadale, May 1879, J. L. Lister;
Tanglo forest, October 1901, Dr. Brain's collector (No. 61, as P. rhamnoides).

278 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Koehne {Gatt. Pom. 21) refers Wenzig's Sorbus sikkimensis, y microcarpa to S.
rhamnoidcs; the specimen quoted by Wenzig consists of 2 branches on the same
sheet, a flowering branch which belongs to *S. rhamnoidcs and a fruiting branch
which belongs to S. Griffithii. As Wenzig describes the fruiting branch, his name
belongs as a synonym to S. Griffithii.

Sorbus kohimensis Rehder, n. comb.

Pyrus kohimensis Watt mss. apud Brandis, Ind. Trees, 292 (1906).
Assam : Naga Hills, Kohima (ex Brandis).

This species is described by Brandis as similar to S. Griffithii, but different in
tufts of hairs inside the petals and in the ovoid ridged fruit yi in. long.

Sorbus rhamnoides Rehder, n. comb.
Sorbus sikkimensis, ^ oblongifolia Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 59 (1874).
Micromeles rhamnoides Decaisne in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, X. 169 {Mem.

Fam. Pom.) (1874). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 701, fig. 385 e-f,

386 b (1906).
Pyrus rhaynnoides Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 377 (1879). — Brandis, Ind.

Trees, 292 (1906).
Photinia polyneura King in herb. Calcutta ex Hooker f ., 1. c. (pro synon.) (1879).

Sikkim: " alt. 7-9000 ped.," J. D. Hooker {" Pyrus," flowers, type); Singale-
lah, June 1887, King's collector; above Sureil, June 16, 1902, Prain's collector.

Sorbus khasiana Rehder, n. comb.
Micromeles khasiana Decaisne in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, X. 169 {Mem.
Fam. Pom.) (1874), excludendo specimine citato " Pyrus (c) " quod ad S.
granulosam pertinet.
Pyrus khasiana Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 378 (1879). — Prain in Jour. As.
Soc. Bengal, LXXIII. 204 (1904). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 292 (1906).

Khasia: Nungbree wood, Griffith (No. 2078, ex Decaisne et ex Hooker f.);
Konoma, alt. 1660 m., April 1896, King's collector (No. 244).

This species is based on Pyrus khasiana Hooker f., and not on Micromeles khasi-
ana Decaisne, which is partly S. granulosa, and this name becomes a synonym of S.
granulosa, if we consider " Pyrus (c) " upon which Decaisne seems to have based
his description as the type of Micromeles khasiana. I have not seen the type of
Hooker's Pyrus khasiana, but the specimen from Konoma agrees exactly with
Hooker's description and 1 have no doubt that it belongs here.

Sorbus verrucosa Rehder, n. comb.
Pyrus cuspidata Bertoloni in Mem. Accad. Sci. Bologna, ser. 2, IV. 312, t. 1
{Piante As. II.) (1864). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 11. 378 (1879). — Bran-
dis, Ind. Trees, 292 (1906).
Sorbus sikkimensis Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 59 (1874), quoad specimen

citatum " Khasia, 5000' alt., Pyrus (a)."
Micromeles verrucosa Decaisne in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, X. 169 {Man. Fam.
Pom.) (1874).
Khasia : " 5000 ped.," J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson, (Pyrus (a), type of Pyrus
cuspidata Bertoloni and Micromeles verrucosa Decaisne); "alt. 3-5000 ped.,"
J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson (as "Photinia arguta Wall, var.); "environs of Tsera-
piindzi till near Mairong," October 1855, Schlagintweit (No. 258); Cherrapoonji,
alt. 1300 m., January 1897, Dr. King's collector (without No.).

This species is very similar in foliage to S. granulosa Rehder, but is easily dis-

ROSACEAE. — MALUS 279

tinguished by its much smaller unspotted fruit and by the lighter colored warty
branchlets and the warty inflorescence.

The oldest specific name for this species "cuspidaia" cannot be used on account
of Sorbus cuspidata Hedlund. Neither can the name S. sikkimensis Wenzig be
applied to this species, as that name must be considered, if restricted to the typical
form, a synonym of *S. granulosa; the description of the fruit shows clearly that
S. sikkirnensis belongs to that species, and, moreover, at least two of the four
specimens quoted under the typical form belong to S. granulosa. The three varieties
enumerated by Wenzig under *S. sikkimensis all represent distinct species.

MALUS Mill.

Malus prunifolia Borkhausen, var. rinki Rehder, n. comb.
Pyrus Malus Siebold in Verh. Bataav. Genoot. XII. 1, 66 (Syn. PI. Oecon. No.

350) (non Linnaeus) (1830). — Bunge in Metn. Sav. Elr. Acad. Sci. St.

Petersbourg, II. 101 {Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 27) (1835). — Siebold & Zuc-

carini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. 2, 131 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 23) (1845).

— Gray in Narr. Exp. Perry, II. 311 (1856); in Mem. Am. Acad. n. ser.

VI. 388 {Bot. Jap.) (1859). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 40

(1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 228 (1867). — Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux,

XXXIII. 43 {Fl. Tien-tsin, 20) (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.

XXIII. 257 (1886).
Malus ringo Siebold, Cat. Rais. 5 (nomen nudum) (1856). — Carriere in Rev.

Hort. 1874, 170, pro parte. — Koehne, Deutsch. Dendr. 260 (1893). — Schnei-
der, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 716 (1906). — 'Koxdznnn m Coll. Sci. Jour.

Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 92 {Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).
Pyrus praecox Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 40 (non Pallas) (1867);

Prol. Fl. Jap. 228 (1867). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. 1. 138

(1875).
Pyrus Malus, /3 tomentosa Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,

XIX. 170 (non W. D. Koch) (1873); in Mel. Biol. IX. 165 (1873).—

Franchet & Savatier, Enu7n. PI. Jap. II. 349 (1879). — Franchet in Mem.

Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, XXIV. 217 {Cat. PI. Tche-foH) (1882).
fPyrus Malus, C sinensis Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 34 (1874), exclud.

synon.
Pyrus Ringo Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 37 (1874). — Bailey, Cycl. Am.

Hort. III. 1473, fig. 2027, 2028 (1901). — Stapf in Bot. Mag. CXXXV. t.

8265 (1909). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 292 (1914).
f Pyrus prunifolia Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXXI. 155 {Fl. Tche-

foU 60) (non Willdenow) (1876).
Malus microcarpa Ringo Carriere, Etude Pomm. Microcarp. 98 (pro parte)

(1883).
Pyrus spec. Tanaka, Useful PI. Jap. 150, t. fig. 635 (1895).
Malus Matsumurae Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIII. 172 (1909); in Jour.

Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 87 {Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).
Malus prunifolia Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIII. 173 (pro parte) (1909);

in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 91 {Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (pro parte,

non Borkhausen) (1909). — Matsumura, Lnd. PI. Jap. II. 2, 205 (1912).
Malus comynunis Lamk. var. typica Matsumura, lnd. PL Jap II. 2, 204 (non

Beck) (1912).
Malus pumila, var. Rinki Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV.

art. 2, 87 {Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).
Malus yezoensis Koidzumi, I. c. 89 (1913).

280 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1300-1600
m., May 1907 (No. 2978, tree 8 m. tall, flowers blush); Patung Hsien,
April 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 418, tree 5 m. tall); around Ichang,
cultivated, July 1907 (No. 60, seeds only; tree 3-5 m. tall, fruit small,
greenish); same locality, 1901 (Veitch Exped. Seed No. 357). Western
Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, cultivated, alt. 2300-2600 m., August 1908
(No. 975; tree 5 m. tall, fruit red). Japan: Hondo, Lake Towada,
alt. 300 m., cultivated under the name of " Rinki," October 5, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 7619; tree 4-5 m., fruit shining red); Hachinohe,
prov. Mutsu, T. Makino.

There is apparently no character to distinguish M. -prunifolia and M. ringo
except the lesser or greater amount of pubescence and a slight difference in the
color of the flowers, and these can hardly be considered specific characters. Will-
denow described M. 'prunifolia in his Berlinische Baurnzucht as having the leaves
sparingly pubescent on the veins below and the calyx-tube pubescent outside,
while De Candolle and manj^ later authors described the leaves and the calj'^x-tube
as glabrous, which made the two plants appear more distinct than they really are.
In the specimens and living plants I have seen of M. prunifolia, the veins on the
under surface of the leaves have been always at least slightly pubescent, the
calyx-tube more or less tomentose, rarely glabrous, and the petals either white or
slightly pinkish outside.

Before M. prunifolia, var. rinki was discovered by Wilson in central China in
a wild state, it was known only from plants cultivated in Japan and by most
botanists was considered a very doubtful plant. Except by recent Japanese
botanists it was either ignored or believed to be of hybrid origin, and M. spectabilis
and M. pumila have been suggested as possible parents. It is, however, difBcuIt
to see how this could be its parentage, as M. spectabilis is scarcely known in Japan
and M. pumila has not been cultivated there until recently, the first European
Apple trees having been introduced about 1870. The plant taken by most authors
for M. pumila is nothing but M. prunifolia, var. rinki which is cultivated in dif-
ferent forms in Japan, some of which have been recently separated as distinct species
by Koidzumi. The vernacular name also shows that this Apple is of Chinese origin.
According to notes kindly sent by Professor Matsumura the name " ringo " is
derived from the Chinese " hnkun " which changes to " hnko," " hnko " changes
to " rinko " and finally becomes " ringo." There is an older name for this Apple,
" riugo," which is also derived from the Chinese. The name "toringo" means
" Chinese Apple."

Malus prunifolia, var. rinki varies in the shape of the leaves and in the amount
of pubescence and considerably in the size, shape and in the color of the fruit which
ranges from greenish yellow or pure yellow to shining red. Malus prunifolia, var.
rinki forms a wide-spreading tree usually not exceeding 5 m. in height; its fruit
ripens in the neighborhood of Ichang and elsewhere in the warm river valleys
in early July, while at greater altitudes it does not ripen until August or Sep-
tember; in Japan it ripens in September.

Some of the synonyms quoted above are somewhat doubtful, particularly those
not accompanied by descriptions or notes. It is, however, fairly safe to assume
that the Apples of China and Japan considered identical with the common European
Apple are either the typical M. prunifolia or its variety rinki and usually the latter,
since M. prunifolia is not known with certainty from China proper and from Japan.

ROSACEAE. — MALUS 281

Malus prunifolia, var. rinki is closely related to M. pnmila, but can be distinguished
by its more sharply serrate and usually less tomentose leaves, the longer pedicels
and chiefly by the smaller fruit not impressed at the apex, but with a raised calyx
thickened and fleshy at the base.

This Apple grows spontaneously on the margins of woods and on the banks of
mountain torrents inHsing-shanHsien and in the contiguous district of PatungHsien
at an altitude of from 1300 to 1600 m., but it is rare. The region is very mountainous
and sparsely inhabited, and the chance of these trees being escapes from cultiva-
tion is very slight. In size, habit and general appearance the tress much resemble
those of the common European Apple. The flowers look the same, but the fruit-
stalk is much longer and more slender in the Chinese Apple. On the wild tree the
fruit is greenish yellow and sometimes slightly tinged with red on one side.

In western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan the Apple, colloquially known as
Lin-chien, is sparingly cultivated from river-level to altitudes of 1500 m., but in
the warm valleys of western Szech'uan its cultivation extends up to 3300 m. alti-
tude. The fruit is small, seldom more than IJ^ inches in diameter and slightly
longer than broad, of a pleasant bitter-sweet flavor and varies in color from
greenish to greenish yellow and is rosy on one side; occasionally it is nearly all red.
The apples grown in the cold regions near Tachien-lu and Sungpan Ting are better
than those grown in the warmer regions contiguous to the Yangtsze River in
Hupeh and Szech'uan.

Formerly this Chinese Apple was cultivated in Japan for its fruit, but since the
introduction of varieties of the European Apple its cultivation as a fruit tree has
been discontinued. It has, however, been largely used as a stock on which to
graft the imported varieties of the European Apple. E. H. W.

Malus Prattii Schneider, IlL Handb. Lauhholzk. I. 719, fig. 397 p-pS
398 k-m (1906); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 178 (1906).

Pyrus Prattii Hemsley in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1895, 16.

Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, woodlands, alt.
2600-3200 m., June and October 1908 (No. 1252; tree 5-10 m. tall,
0.30-1 m. girth, fruit yellow) ; Tachien-lu, woodlands, alt. 2600-3000
m., October 1910 (No. 4112; tree 5-8 m. tall); same locality, A. E.
Pratt (No. 93 and 824); Wa-shan, woodlands, alt. 2600 m., June and
October 1908 (No. 1107; tree 7 m. tall, flowers white, fruit yellow);
Mupin, woodlands, alt. 2300-2800 m., June and October 1908 (No.
1107"; tree 5-7 m. tall, flowers white, fruit red); without precise
locality, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3498).

This is a very distinct species and is apparently related to M. sikkiinaisis Koehne
with which it shares the peculiarity of having the fruits marked by white dots. It
is, however, easily distinguished from the Himalaj-an species by the jiersistent
calyx and the glabrous or nearly glabrous leaves of a peculiar Ught yellowish green
color.

Malus baccata Desfontaines, var. mandshurica Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. I. 721, fig. 397 n (1906). — INIatsumura, Ind. PI.

282 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Jav. II. 2, 203 (1912). — Koidzumi in Jour. Coll Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV.
art. 2, 83 (Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).

Malus cerasifera Spach, Hist. Veg. II. 152, t. 10, fig. 0-T (1834).

Pyrus baccata, /3 mandshurica Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. P4lersbourg,

XIX. 170 (1873); in Mel. Biol. IX. 166 (1873). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch.

Mus. Paris, b6t. 2, V. 272 (PI. David. I. 120) (1883). — Komarov in Act.

Hort. Petrop. XXII. 494 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1904).
Pyrtis spectabilis A. Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. n. ser. VI. 388 (Bot. Jap.) (non

Aiton) (1857).
Pyr^ls prunifolia Maximowicz in Mem. Sav. £tr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,

IX. 471 (Prim. Fl. Amur.) (non Willdenow) (1859).
Pyrus baccata Watson, Dendr. Brit. II. t. 51 (non Linnaeus) (1825). — Fr.

Schmidt in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, s6t. 7, XII. 2, 129 (Fl. Sac-

chalin.) (1868). — Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. C. t. 6112 (1874), quoad plantam

depictam.
Malus baccata, var. mandshurica, f. latifolia Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt.

2, 202 (1912).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1500-2200 m.,
May 20 and September 1907 (Nos. 261, 2979; bushy tree, 4-8 m. tall,
flowers white, fragrant) . EasternSiberia: Amur, L. Schrenk, Maxi-
mowicz; "ad fl. Li-Fudin," 1860, and " Bay Gu^rin sinus Victoriae,"
Maximowicz; Vladivostock, cultivated, August 20, 1903, C. S. Sar-
gent. Saghalien: ''in dumosis," October 1907, U. Faurie (No. 14);
Korsakof, July 1908, U. Faurie (No. 555); Sakaihama, sea-shore,
1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7369; bush 1-2 m.). Korea: "in horto
missionis Seoul," May 1909, Taquet (No. 2525). Hokkaido: Ku-
shiro, sea-level, open country, August 1, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7375;
tree 7-12 m. tall, 0.6-1.6 m. girth, much-branched); Sapporo, June
1880, June 12 and 15, 1885 (Herb. Coll. Agric. Sapporo); Shiraoi,
August 24, 1905, J. G. /ac/c. Hondo: foot of Hayachine-san, alt.
600-900 m., September 29, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7596; tree 14-20
m. tall, girth 1.6-2.3 m., fruit red); Mt. Yatsugadake, thickets, com-
mon, alt. 1200-1500 m., September 17, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7534;
bush 2-4 m., fruit subglobose).

The range of this variety of M. baccata extends from the Amur region to central
China and through Korea to central Japan where it is fairly common in Hondo
from the Shinano province northward; in Hokkaido it is abundant and it is
frequent in southern Saghahen. The western hmits of this range appear to be
northwest Hupeh where it is rare and occurs on the edge of woods. In Hondo it
also grows on the margin of woods and by the side of streams, but in Hokkaido it
is usually found in open fields and in thin woods of Alder, more especially near the
seashore. In woodlands the trees are tall and have wide-spreading and somewhat
sparse branches, but in open country the trees are low growing and very densely
branched. The white flowers are very fragrant. Pictures of this tree will be found
under No. x 417 of the collection of my Japanese photographs. E. H. W.

ROSACEAE. — MALUS 283

Malus theifera Rehder, n. sp.

Mains baccata Hemsley in Jo2ir. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 255 (non Dosfontaines)

(1886), quoad plantam e Chekiang. — ? Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 387

(1900).
Pyrus speclabilis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 258 (non Aiton) (1886),

quoad plantam e Kiangsi et Hupeh. — ? Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 387

(1900).
Malus baccata, var. himalaica Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 722, fig.

397 8 (1906), quoad plantam chinensem et descriptionem.'

Frutex v. arbor 1-8-metralis; ramuli juniores initio plus minusve pu-
bescentes, demum glabri v. fere glabri, fuscescentes, annotini fusci v.
fusco-cinerei; gemmae conico-ovoideae, circiter 5 mm. longae, fuscae,
pauci-perulatae perulis margine tenuiter ciliatis ceterum glabris.
Folia decidua, chartacea, vernatione convoluta, ovata v. ovato-
oblonga v. elliptico-ovata, acuminata, basi rotundata v. late cuneata,
dense et argute serrulata dentibus glanduloso-acuminulatis 4-10,
plerumque 6-8 cm. longa et 2.5-6 cm. lata, erumpentia purpurascentia,
demum intense viridia, supra initio laxe et longe villosa, mox glabre-
scentia, demum glaberrima, nitidula, subtus paullo pallidiora, ad cos-
tam nervosque pubescentia v. demum glabra, nervis utrinsecus 4-6
curvatis supra leviter impressis, subtus elevatis, venulis subtus leviter v.
vix elevatis, costa supra impressa subtus elevata; petioli supra canali-
culati, 1-3 cm. longi, pubescentes v. demum glabri. Flores albi v. eru-
bescentes, fragrantes, 3.5-4 cm. diam., graciliter pedicellati pedicello
glabrov.interdum laxe lanuginoso 2-3 cm. longo, in fasciculis 3-7-floris;
calycis lobi triangulari-ovati, acuti v. acuminulati, circiter 4 mm. longi
et basi 3 mm. lati, tubum subaequantes v. paullo breviores, intus villosi
extus ut tubus glabri et purpurascentes v. interdum laxe lanuginosi;
petala ovalia, obtusa, breviter unguiculata, 15-18 mm, longa et 13-15
mm. lata, intus sparse lanuginosa; stamina circiter 20, petalis triente
breviora; styli 3, raro 4, stamina aequantes, infra medium connati et
ima basi excepta lanuginosi. Fructus globosus, basi rotundatus, apice
leviter impressus, cicatrice calycis decidui notatus, 8-12 mm. diam.,
pallide flavo-viridis v. ruber, plerumque 3-locularis; semina triangulari-
obovoidea, circiter 5 mm. longa et 3 mm, lata, pallide flavo-brunnea,
nitentia.

' Pyrus baccata, y himalaica Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. P^tersbourg,
XIX. 171 (1873) is based on specimens from Gurhwal, which are near typical M.
baccata. They are different from the plants of the Khasia Hills, which belong to
M. theifera; to the same species probably belong the specimens from Sikkim and
other parts of the eastern Himalaya.

284 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Chekiang: without precise locality, E.Faber (No. 1714). Kiangsi:
Ruling, thickets, not common, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907 (No. i668;
bush 2-3 m. tall). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang,
alt. 1000-1600 m., May 27 and November 1907 (No. 451, type; bush
1-4 m. tall, flowers white, tinged pink) ; Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt.
1300-2000 m.. May 1907 (No. 2982; bush 3 m. tall, flowers white);
Fang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1300-2000 m., May 11, 1907 (No.
2983; bush, not much branched, 2-3 m. tall, flowers like Apple
blossoms) ; Changyang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m.. May 1907
(No. 2981, bush 3 m. tall, flowers white); Patung Hsien, October
1900 (Veitch Exped. Seed Nos. 766% 839); without precise locality,
May and September 1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 749, 749^); without
precise locality, A. Henry (No. 6509). Western Szech'uan: Wa-
shan, woodlands, alt. 1600-2000 m., October 1908 (No. 1129; bush
7 m. tall, fruit red). Shensi : Yenan Fu, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 329);
"Po-uo-li," July 25-30, 1897, G. Giraldi. Assam: Khasia, alt.
6000 ft., Hooker f. & Thomson; Khasia Hills, April 4, 1894, G. A.
Gammie (Herb. Hort. Bot. Calcutt. No. 312).

This handsome species is closely related to M. baccata Desfontaines which differs
chic-fly in the thinner less closely and less sharply serrate leaves, green when un-
folding, in the pure white flowers with 5 styles and lanceolate acuminate calyx-lobes
exceeding the tube. It is apparently still nearer to M. Halliana Koehne which is
distinguished by smaller and narrower more coriaceous crenately serrulate leaves
on shorter petioles, by the slenderer pedicels, often obtusish calyx-lobes, flowers
with usually 4 styles and by the smaller fruits about 6-8 mm. in diameter and
abruptly contracted at the base into the thickened pedicel. In drying the leaves
and particularlj' the younger leaves assume a rather dark color like those of M.
Halliana, while those of M. baccata usually keep their bright green color.

Malus iheifera is very widely distributed in the mountainous regions of Cliina
at elevations of from 1000-2000 m. It ranges from Chekiang through Kiangsi and
Hupeh, where it is abundant, into Shensi and western Szech'uan and through
Yunnan south to the Khasia Hills, Assam. It varies considerably in the shape
and size of the leaves, in the pubescence of the calj^x which is either glabrous or
more or less woolly as in Wilson's No. 2981 and in the Veitch Exped. No. 749, but
in their essential characters the specimens all agree.

In the Arnold Arboretum this species has proved quite hardy; it forms a small
tree with stiff spreading branches, and is very beautiful in spring when covered
with light pink flowers, and resembles at this time a flo^vering Cherry rather than
an Apple tree; the effect of the flowers is heightened by the purple calyx and the
purplish tints of the unfolding leaves. The fruits of the cultivated tree are light
greenish yellow partly with a slightly reddish cheek and do not ripen until the end
of October shortly before those of M. Halliana.

Malus theifera, f. rosea Rehder, n. f.
A typo floribus roseis recedit.

ROSACEAE. — MALUS 285

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-2000 m., May
14 and November 1907 (No. 2980, type; bush 2-5 m. tall, flowers rosy
pink, very beautiful); Patung Hsien, October 1900 (Veitch Exped.
Seed No. 766).

This is a very beautiful form resembling in the color of its flowers M. Halliana,
but with a greater profusion of flowers.

In the mountains of western Hupeh this form and the type are exceedingly
common in open country, in wayside thickets and on the margin of woods; they are
also occasionally cultivated. The leaves of both are collected and dried and are
used locally in preparing a beverage which is drunk as a substitute for Tea.

E. H. W.

Malus Halliana Koehne, Gatt. Pomac. 27 (1890); Deutsche Dendr.
261 (1893). — Dippel, Handb. Lauhhohk. III. 406 (1893). — Rehder
in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs, I. 35, 1. 18 (1902). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. I. 719, fig. 397 o, 398 e-f (1906). — Koidzumi in Jour. Coll.
Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 85 {Consj). Rosac. Jap.) (1913).

Malus Halliana in Gard. XXII. 162 (nomen nudum) (1SS2).

Pyrus Malus Parkmanii Temple in Gardn. Monthly, XXIX. 35 (1887).

Pyrus Parkmani Hort. ex Sargent in Garden & Forest I. 152 (pro synon.)

(1888).
Pyrus Halliana Hort. ex Sargent, 1. c. (pro sjTion.) (1888).
Pyrus Halliana Voss, Vilmoriti's Blumengdrt. I. 277 (1896). — Ascherfson &

Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. VI. abt. 2, 71 (1906). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs

Brit. Isl. II. 284 (1914).
Pyrus spectabilis Tanaka, Useful PI. Jap. 156, t. fig. 634 (non Aiton) (1895). —

Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XX. 80 (1906), excludendis synon. omnibus.
Pyrus floribunda Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXV. 75 (non Siebold) (1911),

excludendis synon. omnibus " P. spectabilis Makino " excepto; in Jour.

Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 82 {Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913), excludendis

synon. et var. Scheideckeri et var. pendula. — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II.

pt. 2, 204 (1912), quoad nomen Jap. " Kaido " et synon. " P. spectabilis

Makino."
Malus floribunda, var. Parkmanni Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXV. 76

(1911); in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. 2, 83 (Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (pro

forma) (1913).

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2000-2500 m.,
October 1910 (No. 4172; bush 3-6 m. tall, fruit globose, red) ; same lo-
cality, 1904 (Veitch Exped. Seed No. 1720). Japan (cultivated):
Tokyo, April 1, 1914, E. H. Wilso7i (No. 6360, cultivated and known
as Kaido) ; same locality, April 19, 1882, K. Miyabe (as Pijrus spec-
tabilis); Subashira, in garden, alt. 600 m., May 8, 1914, E. H. Wilsoji
(No. 6664); "Hirosaki, in hortis," May 1914, U. Faurie (No. 6051,
as Pyrus spectabilis); Tokyo, Sakurai's garden, April 21, 1905, K.
Sakurai (as M. floribunda).

286 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

The discovery of Malus Halliana in western China adds another plant to the
number of those first knovvTi to the west from Japanese gardens and long supposed
to be Japanese, but later found to be of Chinese origin. Schneider (1. c.) has already
stated that Fortune's No. 9 from China referred by Hemsley to M. spectabilis
is probably M. Halliana. This is the " Kaido " of the Japanese and by Japanese
botanists it has been confused with M. spectabilis Aiton and M. florihunda Siebold.
A plant raised from seed sent by Wilson from Szech'uan is growing in the Arnold
Arboretum and agrees perfectly with the Japanese plant.

The double-flowered form which is the form generally cultivated in this country
and in Europe may be distinguished as M. Halliana, f . Parkmanii Rehder, n. comb.
(Pyrus Maluf Parkmanii Temple). Temple's description, though not technical, is
the first good description of the double-flowered form of this tree and of tliis species
in general.

Malus transitoria Schneider, var. toringoides Rehder, n. var.

A typo recedit foHis majoribus ad 5.5 cm. longis minus profunda
lobatis, interdum indivisis elHptico-oblongis crenato-serratis v. lobu-
latis, fructu majore 8-12 mm. longo.

Western Szech'uan: west of Tachien-lu, alt. 3300-3600 m.,
October 1908 (No. 1285, type; tree 5-8 m. tall, fruit scarlet and yellow) ;
near Tongolo, west of Tachien-lu, alt. 3000-3600 m., June and October,
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3494 and Seed No. 1730).

This plant looks quite distinct from typical M. transitoria with its larger, partly
entire leaves and larger fruit, and may turn out to be a distinct species, but as long
as we do not know the mature fruits of the type and the flowers of this variety,
we must rely on the difference in the leaves which are not sufficient for specific
separation, as intergradations seem to exist, for No. 3494 shows in its smaller and
more deeply divided leaves a transition toward the type. The fruits, too, seem to
be somewhat smaller than those of No. 1285.

Malus kansuensis Schneider in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 178

(1906).

Pyrus kansuensis Batalin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIII. 94 (1893).
Eriolobus kansuensis Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 726, fig. 403 d-d*,
404 d-e (1906).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 2300 m.. May and
September 1907 (No. 264; bush or thin tree, 3-8 m. tall, flowers white,
fruit red); without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 6754). Western
Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, woodlands, alt. 2600-3300 m., June 1908
(No. 2996; bush 3-5 m. tall, flowers white); same locality, thickets,
alt. 3000-3600 m., October 1910 (No. 4115, in part; bush 7 m. tall,
fruit scarlet, ovoid) ; Pan-lan-shan, west of Kuan Hsien, alt. 3300 m.,
October 10 (No. 4115, in part; bush 5 m. tall, fruit scarlet); same
locality, alt. 2300-2600 m., June 1908 (No. 2995; bush 6 m. tall,
flowers white); without precise locality, alt. 3000 m.. May 1904

ROSACEAE. — MALUS 287

(Veitch Exped. No. 3495). Western Kansu: Tibetan country,
south of Tow River, 1910, W. Purdom.

This is a very distinct species, and is easily distinguished from all others by
its usually broadly ovate, 3- or sometimes 5-lobed and sharply serrate, glabrous or
glabrescent leaves 3-nerved at the base, and by the red ovoid fruit with a decid-
uous calyx.

Malus yunnanensis Schneider in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 179
(1906). — Rehder in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XXIII. 258 (1914).

Pyrus yunnanensis Franchet, PL Delavay. 228 (1889). — Bean in Bot. Mag.

CXLI. t. 8629 (1915).
Eriolobus yunnanensis Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 727, fig. 403 e-g,

404 b-c (1906).
Cormus yunnanensis Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 75

{Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).
Pyrus Veitchii Hort. in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, LII. 288 (nomen) (1912). — Veitch,

Cat. New Hardy PI. China, Autumn 1913, 12.

Western Hupeh : Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2300 m., May 19,

1907 (No. 2994; thin tree, 3-7 m. tall, flowers white); without precise
locality, September 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 670). Eastern Sze-
ch'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. i/ewr?/ (No. 5638). Western Szech'uan:
Ching-chi Hsien, mountain sides, alt. 2300 m., August and September

1908 (No. 1000; tree 8-13 m. tall, girth 0.3-1 m., fruit reddish);
Mao-chou, thickets, alt. 2000 m., October 1908 (No. 1000^; bushy tree,
7 m. tall, fruit red); without precise locality, alt. 2000 m., July 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 3491). Yunnan: Lichiang valley, alt. 2500-
2700 m., May 1906, G. Forrest (No. 2111).

This species much resembles in its leaves M. Tschonoskii Schneider, but is easily
distinguished by its smaller flowers in many-flowered corymbs, by the much smaller
red fruits with reflexed calyx-lobes and by the more distinctly lobed, sharply and
closely serrulate leaves.

CLAVIS SPECIERUM ASIAE ORIENTALIS.

Discus cupuliformis.

Folia semper indivisa, vernatione convoluta.
Calyx persistens.
Styh basi villosi; fructus laevis. Folia simpliciter serrata v. crenato-serrata.
Calycis lobi tubo longiores, acuminati. Foha membranacea, supra opaca.

Pomum basi impressum 1. M. prunifolia.

Calycis lobi tubo breviores v. aequilongi, acuti. Folia chart acea, eupra
nitida.
Pomum basi in pedicellum apice manifeste incrassatum contractum.
Folia basi late cuneata v. fere rotundata; petioh 1.5-2.5 cm. logi.

2. M. spectabilis.

Pomum basi impressum, calyce interdum deciduo. Folia basi sensim

attenuata; petioli graciles, 2-3.5 cm. longi . . 3. M. micromalus.

288 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Styli glabri : fructus punctatus. Folia argute et plerumque dupliciter serrata.

4. M. Prattii.
Calyx deciduus.

Calycis lobi tubo longiores, anguste lanceolati; flores albi, stylis 5, rarius 4.

5. M. baccata.
Calycis lobi tubo breviores v. aequilongi, triangulari-ovati.

Styli 3, rarius 4; calycis lobi acuti v. acuminulati ; flores albi v. rosei.

6. M. theifcra.
Styli 5 V. 4; calycis lobi obtusiusculi : flores rosei ... 7. M. Halliana.

Folia, ea ramorum luxuriantium saltern, saepe lobata, vernatione conduplicata.
Calyx deciduus.

Fructus subglobosus; styli basi villosi.

Petala basi cuneata, obovata v. oblonga, saepe rubescentes.

Folia nunquam lobata, serrata v. inciso-serrata. Styli plerumque 4,
rarius 3, rarissime 5, ad medium connati : alabastra intense purpurea.

8. M. floribunda.
' Folia rarissime lobata. Styli 4-5, rarissime 3, basi connata; sepala

tubo longiora, anguste lanccolata 9. M. zumi.

Folia saepe lobata. Styli 3-4, basi connata; sepala triangulari- ovata v.

lanccolata, tubum subaequantia 10. M. Sieboldii.

Petala basi subito in unguem contracta, suborbicularia, alba. Folia saepe

lobata. Frutex humilis 11. M. Sargentii.

Fructus ovoideus.

Styli basi glabri. Folia plerumque prof unde lobata lobis acutis obtusiuscule

serratis 12. M. transitoria.

Styli basi villosi. Folia 3-5-lobata lobis latis acuminatis argute serratis,

basi 3-nervia, plerumque glabra 13. M. kansuensis.

Calyx persistens.

Pomum parvum, 1-1.5 cm. diam. calyce reflexo. Inflorescentia multiflora.

14. M. yunnanensis.
Pomum 2.5-3 cm. diam. calyce erecto v. suberecto. Inflorescentia 2-5-flora.

15. M. Tschonoskii.
Discus tubularis, basin stylorum arete circumcingens. Folia oblonga, serrata.

Pomum subglobosum, calyce coronatum 16. M.formosana.

1. Malus prunifolia Borkhausen, Handh. Forstbot. II. 1278 (1803). — Spach,
Hist. Veg. II. 151, t. 9 s-x (1834). — Dccaisne in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris,
X. 155 (Mem. Fam. Pom.) (1874). — Kochne, Deutsch. Dendr. 260 (1893).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Laiibholzk. I. 717, fig. 397 i-k, 398 b (1906). — Koidzumi
in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIII. 173 (pro parte) (1899); in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo,
XXXIV. art. 2, 91 (pro parte) {Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).
Pyrus Malus, ^ Alton, Hort. Kew. II. 175 (1789).

Pyrus prunifolia Willdenow, Phytogr. 8 (1794); Berl. Baumz. 164 (1796);
Spec. II. 2, 1018 (1799). — Alton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, III. 208 (1811).—
De Candolle, Prodr. II. 635 (1825). — Ledebour, Fl. Ross. II. 97 (1844). —
Regel in Gartenfl. XI. 203, t. 364, fig. 7-11 (1862). — K. Koch, Dendr. I.
207 (1869). — Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 47 (1874). — Hooker f. in
Bot. Mag. CI. t. 6158 (1875). — Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. III. 1472 (1901). —
Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitleleur. Fl. VI. abt. 2, 80 (1906).
Malus hybrida Loiseleur in Nouv. Duhamel, VI. 140, t. 42, fig. 1 (non Des-
fontaines) (1815).

Siberia (ex Willdenow), Dahuria and Baikal region (ex Regel), northern China
(ex K. Koch).

ROSACEAE. — MALUS 289

Of this tree I have seen only cultivated plants and specimens from cultivated
plants from various gardens in this country and in Europe. They show some vari-
ation in the degree of pubescence; most of them have the pedicels and calyx more
or less tomentose as described by Willdenow, while in the plant growing in the
Arnold Arboretum they are glabrous, as described bj' De Candolle. The leaves
resemble those of M. baccata Desfontaines; they are slightly pubescent on the
veins below and glabrous at maturity; the flowers are white and the fruits vary
from yellow to red and from globose to ovoid in shape.

Malus prunifolia has been supposed, like its variety rinki, to be of hybrid origin,
but the discovery of the native habitat of var. rinki shows that this theory cannot be
accepted; there are, moreover, no two species of Malus in eastern Asia which could
produce by hybridizing a plant with the characters of M. prunifolia or its variety.
The native country of M. prunifolia will probably be discovered some time in the
near future and it is very likely that it will turn out to be Siberia whence the
plant is supposed to have been introduced. There is little doubt that M. prunifolia
and M. ringo are forms of one species, the first being the northern glabrescent, the
second the southern pubescent form, a parallel case to t^hat of M. baccata and its
variety mandshurica. Besides in the greater amount of pubescence the variety
rinki differs only in the usually somewhat shorter petioles and the more or less
pink or pinkish flowers.

Malus prunifolia, var. rinki Rehder. See p. 279.
2. Malus spectabilis Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. II. 1279 (1803). — Des-
fontaines, Hist. Arb. II. 141 (1809). — Spach, Hist. Veg. II. 134 (1834).—
Decaisne in Nouv. Arch.Mus. Paris, X. 155 (Mem. Favi. Pom.) (1874). — Schneider,
m. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 719, fig. 397 g-gS 398 c-d (1906). — Koidzumi in Jour.
Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 88 (Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913), exclud. synon.
"P. spectabilis var. Kaido" et " P. Ringo var. Kaido."

Pyrus spectabilis Aiton, Hort. Kew. II. 175 (1789). — Schneevoogt, Icon. PI.
Rar. t. 15 (1793). — Curtis in Bot. Mag. VIII. t. 267 (1794). — Willdenow,
Bcrl. Baumz. 263 (1796); Spec. 11. 2, 1018 (1799). — Watson, Dcndr.
Brit. I. t. 50 (1825). — De Candolle, Prodr. II. 635 (1825). — Bunge in
Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, II. 101 {Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 27)
(1835). — Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. 2, 131 (Fl. Jap.
Fam. Nat. I. 23) (1846). — Miquel, in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 40 (1867);
Prol. Fl. Jap. 228 (1867). — K. Koch, Dendr. I. 209 (1869). — Maximo-
wicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XIX. 170 (1873); in Mel. Biol. IX.
166 (1873), exclud. synonymo "Malus floribunda." — Wenzig in Linnaea
XXXVIII. 42 (1874). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL Jap. 1. 138
(1875); II. 349 (1879). — Franchet in Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg,
XXIV. 217 (Cat. PI. Tchefou) (1882); in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser.
2, V. 271 (PI. David. I. 119) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.
258 (1887), exclud. synon. " Malus floribunda," " Pyrus floribunda," "Malus
microcarpa " et plantas e Kiangsi et Hupeh. — Pahbin in Act. Hort. Petrop.
XVII. 75 (Cojisp. Fl. Kor. 1) (1898). — Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. III. 1473,
fig. 2026 (1901). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 478 (Fl. Mansh. II.)
(1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXVI. art. 1, 180 (FL Kor.) (1909).
Malus sinensis Dumont de Coursct, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, V. 429 (1811).
Pyrus spectabilis, var. Riversii Booth apud Kirchner in Petzold & Kirchner,

Arb. Muse. 326 (1865). — Bailey, Cycl. Am. HorL III. 1473 (1901).
Malus microcarpa spectabilis Cariiere, Etude Pomm. Microcarp. 114 (1883).
Pyrus sinensis Dumont do Courset ex Jackson, Ind. Kew. 11. 669 (pro synon.)
(1895).

290 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Chili: Imperial gardens, Peking, September 17, 1903, C. S. Sargent.

The specimen cited above is the only one I have seen from eastern Asia. The
species has not yet been collected in a wild state; it is apparentlj^ unknown even
as a cultivated plant in Japan and very imperfectly understood by Japanese bot-
anists. The plant called M. spedabilis in Japan is either M. Halliana or M.
micromalus.

In Europe it is well known in gardens. It was first cultivated by John Fothergill
about 1780 in its double-flowered form, which was figured by Schneevoogt in 1793
and by Curtis in the following year; the single-flowered form with fruits was figured
in 1825 by Watson.

3. Malus micromalus Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXII. 69 (1908). — Koid-
zumi in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 89 {Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).

Malus spectabilis, var. Kaido Siebold, Cat. Rais. 5 (nomen nudum) (1856). —

Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1872, 210, t. fig. 8 (sine descriptione).
Pyrus spectabilis, 3 Kaido Kirchner in Petzold & Kirchner, Arb. Muse. 326
(nomen nudum) (1865). — Nicholson, Diet. Card. III. 261 (1887). — Voss,
Vilmorin's Blumengdrt. 276 (pro forma) (1894).
Malus microcarpa Kaido Carriere, Etude Pomm. Microcarp. 70 (1883).
Pyrus Kaido Mouillefert, Trait. Arb. I. 524 (1893). — Bailey, Cycl. Am.

Hort. III. 1473, fig. 2029, 2030 (non Malus Kaido Dippel) (1902).
Malus Kaido Parde, Arb. Nat. Barres, 189 (non Dippel) (1906).
Malus spectabilis, var. micromalus Koidzumi in sched. ex Koidzumi in Jour.
Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 89 (pro synon.) {Consp. Rosac. Jap.)
(1913).
Japan: Hondo, prov. Shinano, Kurosawa, cultivated, alt. 750 m., October 31,
1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7738; tree 8 m. tall, 0.6 girth, branches ascending-
spreading) .

This plant is known only in a cultivated state and is apparently a hybrid of M.
spectabilis Borkhausen probably with M. baccata Desfontaines or M. floribunda
Siebold. It is chiefly distinguished from M. spectabilis by the narrower leaves
gradually narrowed at the base into a slender petiole, by the tomentose pedicels
and calyx and by the subglobose fruit impressed at the base and at the apex with
the calyx persistent or deciduous on the same plant; the latter character shows
the influence of a species with deciduous calyx. Both Makino and Koidzumi
describe the calyx as persistent, but on specimens collected by Wilson from trees
which Koidzumi considered typical, the calyx is sometimes deciduous and some-
times persistent. These specimens agree very well with the plants cultivated in
the Arnold Arboretum and with the descriptions cited above. An entirely different
plant, however, is Malus Kaido Dippel,' which as described has oval to broadly
oblong leaves tomentose below, and on vigorous branches often subcordate; it is
supposed to be a hybrid between M. spectabilis and M. Ringo.

According to Makino M. micromalus was introduced from China into Japan
where according to Makino it was formerly called Kaido, a name now generally
applied to M. Halliana and probably also to M. floribunda.

4. Malus Prattii Schneider. See p. 281.

» Malus Kaido Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. III. 400 (1893). — Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 717 (1906).

Pyrus Ringo, /3 Kaido Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 37 (1874).

Pyrus spectabilis x Ringo Wenzig in Monatsschr. Ver. Beford. Gartenh. XVII.

534 (1874).
Malus Ringo x spectabilis Koehne, Deutsch. Dendr. 259 (1893).

ROSACEAE. — MALUS 291

5. Malus baccata Borkhausen, Handh. Forstbot. II. 12S0 (1803). — Desfontaines,
Hist. Arb. II. 141 (1809). — Spach, Hist. Veg. II. 153 (1834). — Decaisne in
Nouv. Arch. Mas. Paris, X. 155 (Mem. Fam. Pom.) (1874). — Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. I. 720, fig. 397 1-m, 398 g-i (1906).

Pyrus baccata Linnaeus, Mant. 75 (1767). — Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. 23, t. 10
(1784). — Willdenow, Spec. II. 1018 (1799). — Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed.2, III.
209 (1811). — De Candolle, Prodr. II. 635 (1825). — Maximowicz in Mem.
Sav. £!tr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 102 {Pri7n. Fl. Amur.) (1859). —
Regel in Gartenfl. XI. 202, t. 364, fig. 1-5 (1862). — Maximowicz in Bull.
Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XIX. 170 (1873); in Mel. Biol. IX. 166 (1873). —
Hooker f. in Bat. Mag. C. t. 6112 (1874). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XIII.
132 (1875). — Baker & Moore in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVII. 382 (1879).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 255 (1887).
Pyrus baccata, var. leiostyla Ruprecht & Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St.

Petersbourg, XV. 132 (1857).
Pyrus baccata, a sibirica Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XIX.
170 (1873); in Mel. Biol. IX. 166 (1873). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Paris, 86r. 2, V. 272 (PI. David. I. 120) (1883).
Malus microcarpa baccata Carriere, Etude Pomm. Microcarp. 68 (1883).
Malus baccata, a sibirica Schneider, HI. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 720 (1906).
Eastern Siberia: Amur, 1859, Maximowicz; "Amur medius," 1891 and
"Amur super." 1891, »S. ZorsMws/cy/Blagoviestchensk, May and August 1905, Karo;
Srychensk, August 13, 1903, Harbin, August 16, 1903, and Khabarovsk, August 23,
1903, C. S. Sargent; Mukden, May 29, 1906, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 81, 104). Chili:
near Shi-feng-ko, June 3, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 998); Hsaio Wu-tai-shan,
August 21, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 17). Mongolia: Jehol, A. David (No.
1728). Shensi: Yenan Fu, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 329).

The typical form of M. baccata seems to be a more northern form than the var.
mandshurica; it ranges from Mandshuria and Chili through Mongolia and Siberia
to Shensi; farther south it is replaced by var. mandshurica and in the western
Himalaya by var. himalaica Schneider of which I have seen Falconer's No. 393
from Gurhwal, which differs from the type in its more coarsely serrate leaves.

Malus baccata, f. Jackii Rehder, n. f.

A typo recedit foliis majoribus ellipticis ad 12 cm. longis et ad 6.5 latis, floribus
majoribus circiter 3.5 cm. diam., fructibus intense rubris circiter 1 cm. diam.

Korea: Seoul, September 22, 1905, J.G. Jack. Cultivated at the Arnold Ar-
boretum.

This is a very handsome form with large pure white flowers, large dark green
leaves and large dark red fruits. The leaves are quite glabrous on their underside,
but on their upper surface they are coated, when unfolding, with a thin floccose
tomentum which quickly disappears; at maturity they are of firm texture and
glaucescent below. In general appearance this form resembles var. mandshurica,
but it is quite glabrous.

Malus baccata, var. mandshurica Schneider. See p. 281.

6. Malus theifera Rehder. See p. 283.

7. Malus Halliana Koehne. See p. 285.

8. Malus fioribunda Siebold, Cat. Rais. 5 (nomen nudum) (1856). — Van Houtte
in Fl. des Serr. XV. 161, t. 1585-89 (sine descriptione) (1864). — Neubert in
Deutsch. Mag. Cart. Blum. 1865, 193, t. — Dcsportcs in Rev. Hort. 1866, 312, t. —
CuTri^reinRev. Hort. 1870-71, 591, t. — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 261 (1893).—

292 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Schneider, III. Handb. Laubhohk. I. 721 (1906). — Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci.
Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 82 (pro parte) {Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913), exclud. de-
scriptione, s>ti. " Malus Kaido," varietatibus.

Mains Toringo De Vriese in Tuinhouw-Fl. Nederl. 111. 368, t. (sine descrip-

tione; pro parte) (18.56), quoad flores.
Pyrus florihunda Kirchner in Petzold & Kirchner, Arb. Muse. 319 (non Lind-
ley) (1864); in Gartenfl. XV. 50 (1866). — Nicholson, Did. Gard. III. 259,
fig. 335 (1887). — Voss, Vilmorin's Blumengart. ed. 3,1. 277 (1894).—
Bailey, Cyd. Am. Hort. III. 472 (1901).
(P. spedahilis Ait. X Ringo v. Sieb.) X P. baccata L. Wenzig in Monatsschr.

Ver. Bcford. Gartenb. Preiiss. XVll. 535 (1874).
Pyrus Ringo, y floribunda Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIIl. 38 (1874).
Malus microcarpa floribunda Carriere, Etwle Pomm. Microcarp. 64, fig. 12 (1883).
Pirus pulcherrima Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. VI. abt. 2, 71
(1906).
I have seen no Japanese specimens of M. floribunda, nor has Mr. Wilson col-
lected it or seen it in Japan. The Japanese botanists apparently do not know it;
the plant they enumerate under the name M. floribunda is M. Halliana, as part
of their synonymy, their descriptions and specimens named by Japanese botanists
show. All we know of this plant is the fact that it was introduced by Siebold from
Japan. It may possibly be a hybrid of M. baccata and M. Sieboldii, as Zabel sug-
gests; according to Wenzig it represents P. kaido x baccata and Schneider men-
tions as possible parentage M. prunifolia x M. toringo.

9. Malus zumi Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs, I. 191, t. 91 (1905).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubhohk. I. 721 (1906). — Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci.
Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 92 {Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).

f Pyrus Toringo, y integrifolia Franehet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 139

(1875); II. 3.50 (1879).
f Malus Toringo, a integrifolia Zabel apud Dippel, Handb. Laubhohk. III. 406
(1893). — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. 2, 205 (1912). — Koidzumi in
Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 82 iCo7isp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).
Pirus (Malus) Zumi Matsumura in ToIctjo Bot. Mag. XIII. 1 (1899).
Malus baccata, var. mandshurica, f. Zumi Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt.
2, 204 (1912).

Hondo: Gotemba, roadside thickets, alt. 600-300 m.. May 7, 1914, E. H.
Wilson (No. 6660; bush 1.3-2 m., branches spreading, flowers white); same locahty,
alt. 600-1000 m., May 7, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6659; tree 8 m. tall, branches
erect, flowers white); Lake Chuzenji, margin of woods, alt. 1200-1500 m., June 3,
1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6797; tree 3-12 m. tall, 0.3-0.6 m. girth, branches erect-
spreading, flowers white) ; same locahty, August 10, 1905, J. G. Jack; Nikko, prov.
Shimotsuke, 1879 and May 1889 (ex Herb. Tokyo, co-type), same locahty, June
1899, H. Shirasawa, September 1903, T. Makino.

The specimens from Lake Chuzenji and Wilson's No. 6659 from Gotemba and
Shirasawa's and Makino's specimens from Nikko differ from the type speci-
men in their broader sharply serrate leaves, but apparently they cannot be referred
to any other species but M. zumi. They resemble in general appearance M. baccata,
var. mandshurica, but differ in the conduplicate vernation of the leaves and in the
number of styles which is usually 4, but sometimes 5 and less often 3 — among
15 flowers of No. 6797 I found 8 with four styles, 4 with five styles and 3 with 3
styles — while in M. baccata, var. mandshurica the number of styles is 5. From
M. Sieboldii to which M. zumi is also closely related, it is distinguished by the

ROSACEAE. — MALUS 293

larger white flowers with sometimes 5 styles and with longer narrowly lanceo-
late sepals and by the slightly lobed leaves appearing only occasionally and sparingly
at the end of vigorous shoots.

This is a common plant on the lower slopes of Fuji-san and in the Nikko region
more especially round Lake Chuzenji. It has not yet been authentically reported
from other parts of Japan and is very probably peculiar to a limited area in central
Hondo. It is usually a low much branched tree 4 to G m. tall, with a rounded and
oval crown, twiggy branchlets and fragrant white flowers; more rarely it is a tree
from 10 to 12 m. tall with ascending-spreading branches. A picture of this tree
will be found under No. x 309 of the collection of my Japanese photographs.

E. H. W.
10. Malus Sieboldii Rehder, n. comb.
Malus Toringo Siebold, Cat. Rais. 4 (nomen nudum) (1856). — De Vriese in
Tuinhouw-jl. III. 368, t. 17 (sine descriptione) (1857), quoad ramum fruc-
tiferum depictum. — Koehne, Deutsch. Dendr. 261 (1893). — Schneider, III.
Handb. Lauhholzk. I. 723, fig. 399 c, 400 g-hi (1906). — Koidzumi in Jour.
Coll. Set. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 80 {Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).
Pyrus ? rivularis Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. n. ser. VI. 388 (non Nutt.) (1857). ^
Pyrus Sieboldii Regel in hid. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1858, 51; in Gartenfl.
"VIII. 82 (1859). — Kirchner in Petzold & Kirchner, Arb. Muse. 325 (1864).
Sorbus Toringo K. Koch in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 249 (1864).
Pyrus Toringo Siebold apud Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 41 (1867);
Prol. Fl. Jap. 229 (1867). — K. Koch, Dendr. I. 212 (1869). — Franchet
& Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 139 (1875); II. 350 (1879).
Pyrus Mengo Siebold ex K. Koch, Dendr. I. 213 (pro synon.) (1869).
Malus Torringo Carriere in Rev. Hart. 1870-71, 451, fig. 63, t.
Pyrus rivularis, /3 Toringo Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 39 (1874). — Voss,

Vilmorin's Blumengart. ed. 3, I. 277 (1894).
Pyrus Toringo, ^ incisa Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL Jap. I. 139 (1875);

II. 350 (1879).
Malus microcarpa Torringo Carriere, Stude Pomm. Microcarp.61 , fig. 11 (1883).
Malus baccata, subsp. Toringo Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXV. 76 (1911).

Hondo: Mt. Yatsuga-dake, moorland thickets, common, alt. 1200-1500 m.,
September 17, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7540; bush 1.5-4 m., fruit globose); I\It.
Tsubakura-dake, thickets, alt. 900-1200 m., Sept. 15, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No.
7463; bush 2-3.3 m. tall); " Jizogatake," July 1903, U. Faurie.

The specimens quoted above agree very well with the cultivated form originally
introduced by Siebold into European gardens; they have the same deeply lobed,
pubescent leaves, small apparently yellow fruits and shrubby habit. This is the no-
menclatorial type of the species, though phylogenetically the following much more
widely distributed variety is probably to be considered the typical form of which
the shrubby plant with deeply divided foliage is probably only a seminal variation.

The Japanese name for this species is " Zumi," a name applied also to the other
small fruited indigenous crabs, as M. baccata, var. mandshurica and M. zumi. The
name " Toringo," so long employed as a specific name for this plant, signifies
" Chinese Apple " and in Japan is applied solely to Malus prunifolia, var. rinki

* In the Gray Herbarium there are mounted on one sheet and labeled Pyrus spec-
tabilis two different specimens collected by Wright near Hakodate. One is M. baccata,
var. mandshurica Schneider and the other is M. Sieboldii; the first is apparently
the plant called by Gray P. spectabilis, while the second he doubtfully referred to
P. rivularis Nuttall.

i

294 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Rehder. Its application to M. Sieholdii Rehder was a mistake which probably
originated with Siebold when he first received the plant from Japan.

Malus Sieboldii, var. arborescens Rehder, n. var.

? Pyrus baccata Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 207 (1784). — Siebold in Verh. Bataav.

Gemot. XII. 1, 66 {Syn. PI. Oec. Jap.) (1830).
Crataegus alnifolia Regel, in Act. Hort. Petrop. I. 125 {Rev. Crat.) (1871).
Pyrus Toringo, y typica Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. II. 350 (1879).
Mains Toringo, f. typica Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. 2, 205 (1912). — Koid-

zumi in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 81 (Consp. Rosac. Jap.)

(1913).

Hokkaido : Nopporo, open country, alt. 300 m., August 10, 1914, E. H. Wilson
(No. 7411; bush 2-3 m. tall); Hakodate, June 6, 1855, C. Wright (Gray Herb.);
" Junsainuma," August 21, 1903, U. Faurie (No. 5380). Hondo: slopes of Fuji-
san, common, alt. 500-900 m.. May 8, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6658; bush 1.5-
3 m. tall, flowers white, pinkish in bud) ; Lake Chuzenji, woods, alt. 1200-1600 m.,
June 3, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6799; tree 6-8 m. tall, 0.3-0.5 m. girth, branches
spreading, flowers white) ; same locality, alt. 1200-1500 m., June 1, 1914 (No. 6774;
tree 5-10 m. tall, 0.3-7.5 m. girth, branches erect-spreading, flowers white, tinged
rose); same locality, alt. 1500 m., June 3, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6800; bush or
small tree 3-6 m. tall, branches spreading, flowers rosy in bud) ; near Yumoto,
thickets and woods, common, alt. 1500-2100 m., October 18, 1914, E. H. Wilson
(No. 7655; tree 7-10 m. tall, 0.5-1 m. girth, head very bushy, fruit red); Karui-
zawa, tliickets, alt. 900-1300 m., August 31, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7428; bush
or small tree 2-8 m. tall); Miyanoshito, Hakone Mts., August 25, 1892, C. S.
Sargent; woods near Nikko, September 6, 1892, C. S. Sargent; Mt. Mitsumine,
October 1898, H. Shirasawa; Mt. Yerdono, prov. Uzen, July 15, 1909, K. Sakurai;
Mt. Asama, July 14, 1904, U. Faurie (No. 6044). Korea: Quelpaert, Hallaisan,
June 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1555); same locality, alt. 900 m., October 1909, Taquet
(No. 2828); Quelpaert, alt. 800-1000 m., May and August 1910, Taquet (Nos.
4219, 4220).

This variety is widely distributed in Japan and differs from the type in its more
arborescent habit, less pubescent, somewhat larger and usually less deeply divided
leaves, often lobed only at the end of vigorous shoots and usually nearly glabrous
at maturity; the flowers are often nearly white and the fruits yellow or red on
different plants. A picture of this tree will be found under No. x 528 of the collec-
tion of Wilson's Japanese photographs.

Malus Sieboldii, var. calocarpa Rehder, n. var.

A typo recedit habitu arborescente, foliis minus profunde lobatis crenato-
eerrulatis, floribus majoribus, fructu majore, 1-1.2 cm. diam. intense rubro.

Cultivated at the Arnold Arboretum, where it was raised from seed introduced
in 1890 by Dr. William Sturgis Bigelow from Japan.

This form differs from the preceding variety in its large handsome bright red
fruit; the flowers are rather large about 3 cm. across; the leaves of the fruiting
branches are generally ovate-oblong, crenate-serrulate and 5-7 cm. long, those of
the vigorous shoots are mostly 3-lobed with short and broad lateral lobes. It has
some resemblance to M. zumi Rehder, but is easily distinguished by the 3-4 styles
of its flowers and by the mostly lobed leaves of the shoots.

11. Malus Sargentii Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs, I. 71, t. 37 (1903). —
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 722 (1900).

Pyrus Sargentii Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 293 (1914).

ROSACEAE. — MALUS 295

Hokkaido: brackish marsh near Mororan, September 25, 1892, C. S. Sargent.

This species is closely related to M. Sieboldii, but differs in its stiff spreading
habit, the nearly orbicular pure white petals and the dark red fruit covered by a
slight bloom. In the living state, as growing at the Arnold Arboretum, it is verj'
distinct, though in the herbarium it might be confused with M. Sieboldii, particu-
larly if only fruiting specimens are seen. The distribution of this plant appears
to be very local.

12. Malus transitoria Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. 1. 726 (1906); in Fedde,
Rep. Spec. Nov. 111. 178 (1906).

Pyrus transitoria BataUn in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIII. 95 (1893).

Western Kansu: Tibetan country southwest of Choni, 1911, W. Purdom;
from south of the Peling Mountains, " brought in by Tibetans," W. Purdom.

Purdom's specimens agree very well with Batalin's description. This species
seems to be most closelj^ related to M. fusca Schneider (M. rividaris Roemer) with
which it agrees in the glabrous styles and in the eUipsoid shape of its fruit. Plants
raised from seed sent by Purdom are growing in the Arnold Arboretum.

Malus transitoria, var. toringoides Rehder. See p. 286.

13. Malus kansuensis Schneider. See p. 286.

14. Malus yunnanensis Schneider. See p. 287.

15. Malus Tschonoskii Schneider in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 179 (1906).

Pyrus Tschonoskii Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XIX. 169

(1873); in Mel. Biol. IX. 165 (1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Enurn. PL

Jap. II. 349 (1879). — Sargent in Garden & Forest, VII. 45, fig. 9 (1894);

Forest Fl. Jap. 40, t. 14 (1894). — Bean in Bot. Mag. CXXXIV. t. 8179

(1908); Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 298 (1914).
Pyrus Tschonoskii, var. Hoggii Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. II. 349

(1879).
Eriolobus Tschonoskii Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs, I. 73, t. 37 (1903). —

Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 727, fig. 403 h-i, 404 f (1906).
Cormus Tschonoskii Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIII. 171 (1909); in

Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 74 {Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913). —

Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. 2, 198 (1912).

Hondo: Temple Hill near Nagatsugawa on the Nagasendo, October 22, 1892,
C. S. Sargent (red scaly bark) ; woods near Nikko, September 3, 1892, C. S. Sar-
gent (tree 10-12 m. tall, bark white); Tokose, prov. Musashi, May 11, 1909,
K. Sakurai; Fuji-san, May 1900, H. Shirasaiva; Mt. Hakone near Tonosawa, May
1901, Y. Yabe; foot of Mt. Ontake, alt. 600 m., October 31, 1914, E. H. Wilson
(No. 7753; tree 16 m. tall, 2 m. girth; branches spreading, fruit green).

16. Malus formosana Kawakami in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXV. 145, t. 4 (1911).

Pir^ls formosana Kawakami & Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXX. art.
1, 100 (Mat. Fl. Formosa) (1911).

Formosa (ex Kawakami).

This is a very distinct species, differing from all other Malus by the tubular con-
Btricted disk enclosing the connate base of the five styles. The large globose fruit
with its impressed persistent calyx and short stalk resembles that of the common
Apple.

296 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

DOCYNIA Decne.

Docynia Delavayi Schneider in Fedde, liejp. Spec. Nov. III. 180

(1906).

Pyrus Delavayi Franchet, PL Delavay. 227, t. 46 (1889).
Eriolobus Delavayi Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 727 (1906).

Western Szech'uan: Ching-chi Hsien, mountain sides, rare, alt.
1300 m., August 1908 (No. 2998; tree 8 m. tall, girth 2-3 m.) ; without
precise locality, alt. 1800 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3493; fruit
edible). Yunnan : Mengtsze, mountains west, alt. 1800-2000 m., A.
Henry (Nos. 10036, 10036**); Szemao, mountains east, forests, alt.
1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11603).

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 271 in the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 208.

CHAENOMELES Lindl.

Chaenomeles lagenaria Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIII. 173
(1909) ; in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 94 (Consp. Rosac.
Jap.) (1913).

Pyrus japonica Sims in Bot. Mag. XVIII. t. 692 (non Thunberg) (1803). —
Jacquin, Fragm. Bot. 85, t. 136 (1809). — Kurz in Jour. Bot. XI. 193
(1873). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXllI. 257 (1887).

Malus japonica Andrews, Bot. Repos. VII. t. 462 (1806).

Cydonia lagenaria Loiseleur in Nouv. Duhamel, VI. 255, t. 76 (1813?).

Cydonia japonica Loiseleur, Herb. Amat. II. t. 73 (non Persoon) (1817). —
De Candolle, Prodr. II. 638 (pro parte) (1825). — Siebold & Zuccarini in
Abh. Akad. Milnch. IV. pt. II. 131 {Fam. Nat. Fl. Jap. I. 23) (1845). —
Wenzig in Linnaea, XXXVIII. 10 (1874). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop.
XVII. 74 (Consp. Fl. Kor.) (1898).

Cydonia speciosa, Guimpel, Otto & Hayne, Abb. Fremd. Holzgew. 88, t. 70
(1825).

Chaenomeles japonica Spach, Hist. Veg. II. 159 (pro parte) (1834), exclud.
synon. Lindley, Thunberg, Persoon. — Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci.
St. Petersbourg, II. 101 {Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 27) (1835). — Decaisne in
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, X. 129 {Mem. Fam. Pom.) (pro parte) (1874). —
Koehne,Gatt. Pomac. 28 (1890). — Dielsin Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 388 (1900). —
Schneider, HI. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 730, fig. 405 h-o', 406 b (1906).

Chaenomeles japonica, a genuina Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
bourg, XIX. 168 (1873); in Mel. Biol. IX. 163 (1873). — Franchet in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 271 (PI. David. 1. 119) (1883).

Cydonia japonica, var. genuina Ito in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XIV. 117 {PI. Sin.
Yoshi, 1. 20) (1900).

Cydonia japonica, var. lagenaria Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXII. 64 (1908).

ROSACEAE. — CHAENOMELES 297

Western Hupeh: cultivated around Ichang, alt. 600-1200 m.,
April 1907 (No. 2990; bush 1-2 m. tall, flowers red); without precise
locality, cultivated, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 129); without
precise locality, A. Henry (No. 5249). Hondo : Tokyo, Botanic Gar-
dens, cultivated, April 5, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6365, bush 0.6-1 m.
tall, flowers white, tinged pink without; No. 6366, flowers scarlet;
No, 6367, bush, flowers white, suffused pink); Tokyo, cultivated,
March 29, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6340, bush 1-2 m. tall, flowers
salmon; No. 6341, bush 1-2 tall, flowers white); Lake Chuzenji,
Lakeside Hotel, cultivated, alt. 15 m., June 3, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No.
6803, bush 1 m. tall, flowers bright red). Kyushu : Island of Yaku-
shima, cultivated, February 26, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6099, bush
1-2 m., flowers white, suffused pink); Island of Tanegashima, Febru-
ary 27, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6136, bush 1-2 m., flowers soft red).

Of the typical form of C. lagenaria I have seen only specimens from cultivated
plants, though it probably occurs in central China in a wild state; it is much
cultivated all over China and in Japan and was introduced into England prob-
ably from China by C. F. Greville about 1800. It has always been confused
with C. japonica, first described by Thunberg as Pyrus japonica, which differs in
its smaller crenate and obtuse quite glabrous leaves and in the smaller brick red
flowers with glabrous styles. In C. lagenaria, which is a taller plant, the styles
are either glabrous or pubescent and the color of the flower varies from white
to deep scarlet, the leaves are sharply serrate and are either quite glabrous or
brownish pubescent on the midrib below while young.

Chaenomeles angusiifolia Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 97
(1913j is probably only a form of this species with narrow leaves and white flowers.
Also C. eugenioides Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mng. XXIX. 160 (1915) with pink
flowers and globose fruits is probably only a garden form of C. lagenaria.

Chaenomeles lagenaria, var. cathayensis Rehder, n. var.

Pyrus cathayensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 256 (1887), quoad

plantam hupehensem.
Cydonia cathayensis Hemsley in Hooker's Icon. XXVII. t. 2657-58 (1900). —

Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. 1. (1914).
Chaenomeles cathayensis Schneider, III. Ilandb. Laubholzk. I. 730, fig. 405

p-p>, 406 ^f (1906).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, wild and cultivated,
alt. 300-1200 m., March 20, 1907 (No. 2991, bush 1-3 m. tall, flowers
bluish-pink) ; Changyang Hsien, commonly cultivated as a hedge-
plant, alt. 300-1200 m., September 1907 (No. 377, fruits only; bush
1-2 m. tall, fruit yellow); Nanto, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 410).

This variety differs from the type in its narrower more closely and sharply
seiTulate leaves more or less brownish pubescent on their underside, at least on the
midrib. The style seems to be always villous at the base. This is the common

298 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

wild form in central China and is probably the phylogenetic type of this species.
The Cliinese call it mu-kua and value the fruits for their fragrance and keep them
as an ornament in their houses.

Chaenomeles lagenaria, var. Wilsonii Rehder, n, var.

Cydonia Mallardii in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, LVIII. 158 (nomen nudum) (1915),
non Chaenomeles japonica Mallardi Carri^re.

A typo recedit foliis subtus tomento lanuginoso fulvo denso sed
detergibili obtectis.

Western Szech'uan: Mo-hsi-mien, village southeast of Tachien-
lu, alt. 1800 m., October 1910 (No. 4120, type; bush 4-6 m. tall, fruit
golden and red) ; same locality, cultivated, November 1908 (No. 1362,
fruits only; bush 2-3 m. tall).

At the first glan ce this Quince looks very distinct from C. lagenaria, var. cathayensis
on account of the dense fulvous tomentum of the underside of its leaves, but as the
young seedlings raised from seed of the type plant are quite glabrous, the constancy
of tliis character seems doubtful. A plant very close to this variety seems to have
been introduced before, as the leaves of a specimen collected in October 1881 at
Kew, where it was cultivated at that time as Cydonia sinensis, show a similar, though
much slighter tomentum.

Chaenomeles japonica Lindley * apud Spach, Hist. VSg. II. 159 (pro parte)
(1834), quoad synon. " Pyrus japonica Thunberg." — Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag.
XXII. 63 (1908). — Koidzumi in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXIV. art. 2, 95
{Consp. Rosac. Jap.) (1913).

Pyrus japonica Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 207 (1784). — Willdenow, Spec. II. 1020

(1803). — K. Koch in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 248 (1864). — Miquel in

Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 40 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 228 (1867). — Franchet

& Savatier, Emim. PI. Jap. I. 138 (1875).
Cydonia japonica Persoon, Syn. II. 40 (1807). -De Candolle, Prodr. II. 638

(pro parte) (1825).
Chaenomeles japonica, ^ alpina Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-

bourg, XIX. 168 (1873); in Mel. Biol. IX. 163 (1873).
Chaenomeles japonica, y pygmaea Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. P4ters-

bourg, XIX. (1873); in Mel. Biol. IX. 163 (1873).
Pyrus Maulei Masters in Gard. Chron. n. ser. I. 756, fig. 159 (1874); II. 740,

fig. 144 (1874). — Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. CX. t. 6780 (1884).
Pyrus japonica, /3 alpina Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 139 (1875).
Cydonia Maidei Moore in Flor. & Pomol. 1875, 49, t. ; Nicholson, Diet. Gard.

I. 419 (1884).
Chaenomeles japonica, var. Maulei Lavall^, Arb. Segrez, 110 (1877).
Chaenomeles alpina Koehne, Gatt. Pomac. 28, t. 2, fig. 23 a-c (1890). — Dippel,

Handb. Laubholzk. III. 408 (1893).

1 Usually Lindley in Trans. Linn. Sac. XIII. 97 (1822) is quoted for this com-
bination, but in this place Lindley gives a generic description of Chaenomeles and
quotes Pyru^ japonica Thunberg as the type of his new genus without proposing a
specific name.

ROSACEAE. — CHAENOMELES 299

Cydonia Sargenti Lemoine, Cat. 144, 25 (1900).

Cydonia Maidei, var. alpina Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. 1. 427 (1900).

Chaenonicles Maulei Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 731, fig. 405 g-a,

406 c-d (1906).
Chaenomeles Maulei, var. alpina Schneider, 1. c.

Hondo: slopes of Fuji-san, pastures, alt. 500-900 m.. May 8, 1914, E. H.
Wilson (No. 6656; 0.15-0.60 m., flowers scarlet) ; Kamakura, grassy places. May 2,
1914, E. H. Wilso7i (No. 6616; 0.15-0.30 m., flowers rich red) ; Tamagawa, Koganei,
grassy places, abundant, April 9, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6387; 0.15-0.30 m.,
flowers salmon red); near Kusakabe village, Kai prov., side of torrent, March 28,
1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6332; 0.45-0.60 m.) ; Mt. Yatsuga-dake, Kai prov., wood-
lands, abundant, alt. 900-1500 m., September 17, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7527;
shrub 0.30-0.60 m., fruit yellow, globose); Nikko, September 2, 1892, C. S. Sargent;
near Tokyo, April 17, 1910, K. Sakurai.

This species, which occurs only in central Japan, varies somewhat in its habit and
in the size of the leaves and their serration, but it can always be easily distinguished
from the preceding species by its lower habit, rarely exceeding 0.5 m. in height, by
the young branchlets being scabrous the first year, becoming verruculose the sec-
ond, by the smaller obovate, obtuse and more or less crenately serrate leaves, by
the smaller brick- or salmon-red flowers with the styles always glabrous and by the
small and usually globose fruit.

Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, Gait. Pomac. (sphalmate "chinensis") (1896). —
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 730, fig. 405 a-g, 406 a (1906).

Cydonia sinensis Thouin in Ann. Mus. Paris, XIX. 145, t. 8, 9 (1812). —
Loiseleur, Herb. Amat. II. t. 99 (1817). — De Candolle, Prodr. II. 638
(1825). — Lindley in Bot. Reg. XI. t. 905 (1825). — Siebold & Zuccarini in
Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. II. 131 {Faryi. Nat. Fl. Jap. I. 23) (1845). —
Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XIX. (1873) ; in Mel. Biol.
IX. 164 (1873). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 289
(1910). — Andre, in Rev. Hort. 1889, 228, t.

Pyrus sinensis Poiret, Encycl. Meth. Suppl. IV. 452 (1816). — K. Koch in
Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 248 (1864). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat.
III. 40 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 228 (1867).

Pyrus chinensis Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, II. 27
{Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 101) (1835).

Pyrus cathayensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 256 (pro parte) (1887),
e.xclud. specimine Henryano.

Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneider in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 181 (1906).

Cydonia vulgaris Pavohni in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 415 (non
Persoon) (1908).

Northern Hupeh: " Ma-pan-scian," alt. 1000 m., May 1907, C. Silvestri (No.
908). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgrcgor. Hondo: Temple
grounds, Nara, cultivated, April 22, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6572; tree 10-12 m.
tall, 0.6-1 m. girth, bark peeling off in flakes, flowers rose-jnnk).

This is a very distinct species and even without flowers it is easily distinguished
from C. lagenaria Koidzumi by the stipitate-glandular stipules and petioles and by
the broader ciUately serrulate leaves.

300 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

SPECIES VARIETATESQUE POMOIDEARUM IMPERFECTE NOTAE
ASIAE ORIENTALIS.

Of the following recently described species and varieties of Pyrus and Sorbus,
I have seen no specimens, and as their descriptions are not sufficient for definite
determination they could not be referred to their proper position.

Pyrus Aria, var. Silvestrii Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII.
290 (1910).

Pyriis Bodinieri L6veill6, Fl. Kouy-TcMou, 350 (1915).

Pyrus brunnea Leveille in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 377 (1912).

Pyrus Cavaleriei Leveille, 1. c. XI. 67 (1912).

Pyrus Esquirolii L6veill6, 1. c. XII. 189 (1913).

Pyrus Feddei Leveille, 1. c. XII. 189 (1913).

Pyrus ferruginea Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 158 (not Hooker f.)
(1915).
This is probably only a cultivated form or possibly hybrid of P. serotina
Rehder escaped and naturalized, though Koidzumi compares it with P. ovoidea
Rehder. Neither the flowers nor the mature fruits were knovra to the author.

Pyrus hupehensis Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 291 (1910).

According to the description this species would seem near to or identical with

P. serrulata Rehder, but Pampanini describes the styles as connate and villose-

tomentose at the base, which removes the species from the genus Pyrus altogether.

Pyrus Koehnei Leveille in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 378 (non Schneider) (1912) .

Pyrus Mairei Leveille, 1. c. XII. 189 (1913).

Pyrus mokpoensis Leveille, 1. c. VII. 200 (1909).

Pyru^ sinensis, var. Maxiynowicziana Leveille, 1. c. X. 377 (1912).

Pyrus spectabilis, var. albescens Leveille, 1. c. X. 377 (1912).

Pyrus Taquetii Leveille, 1. c. VII. 199 (1909).

Pyrus Vaniotii Leveille, 1. c. VII. 200 (1909).

Sorbus Aria, var. Mairei L^veill6, 1. c. XIII. 341 (1914).

Subfam. ROSOIDEAE.
Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

RRODOTYPUS Sieb. & Zucc. .

Rhodotjrpus kerrioides Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 185, t. 99,
fig. I (1841). — Kegel in Gartenfl. XV. 130, t. 505 (1866). — Hooker
f. in Bot. Mag. XCV. t. 5805 (1869). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XVI.
10 (1878).— Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. VI. 244 (1879).—
Lavallee, Icon. Arb. Segrez. 45, t. 14 (1881). — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXIII. 229 (1887).

Keria tetrapetala Siebold in Verh. Bataav. Genoot. XII. 69 {Syn. PL Oec. Jap.)

(nomen nudum) (1830).
Rhodotypus tetrapetala Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVII. 13 (1903).—

Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 501, fig. 304 (1905).

ROSACEAE. — POTENTILLA 301

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, open country, not common,
alt. 600-1200 m.. May 7, June 8 and October 1907 (No. 3345; bush
1-1.25 m. tall, flowers white, fruits black).

KERRIA DC.

Kerria japonica De Candolle in Trans. Linn. Soc. XII. 157 (1817);
Prodr. II. 541 (1825). — Lindley in Bot. Reg. XXII. t. 1873 (1836). —
Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 183, t. 98, 99, fig. 11, iii (1841). — Maxi-
mowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. VI. 242 (1879). — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXIII. 229 (1887). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 390
(1900). — Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. I. 501, fig. 305 (1905). —
Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 413 (1908). — Pampanini
in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 290 (1910).

Rubus japonicus Linnaeus, Mant. I. 145 (1767).

Corchorus japonicus Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 227 (1784). — Andrews, Bot. Rep.

IX. t. 587 (1809). — Sims, Bot. Mag. XXXII. t. 1296 (1810).
Spiraea japonica Desvaux in Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, I. 25 (non Linnaeus f.)

(1822). — Cambassedes in Ann. Set. Nat. I. 389 (1824).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, common, alt. 300-1000 m., April and
July 1907 (No. 112, in part; shrub 1-1.25 m., the double form culti-
vated). " Kao-kien-scian," alt. 800 m., May-June 1907, C. Silvestri
(No. 928). Western Szech'uan: Ching-chi Hsien, alt. 900-1200
m.. May 1908 (No. 112, in part; bush 1-1.5 m., flowers golden).
Northern Shensi: "Lao-y-san, presso Zu-lu," May 4 and Septem-
ber 6, 1897, G. Giraldi.

POTENTILLA L.

Potentilla fruticosa Linnaeus, Spec. 495 (1753). — Nestler, Monog.
Potent. 30 (1816). — Lehmann, Monog. Potent. 31 (1820). — Bret-
schneider, Earhj Eur. Research. Fl. Chin. 149 (1881). — Franchet in
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 262 {PI. David. 1. 110) (1883);
PI. Delavay. 210 (1890). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 243
(1887). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 402 (1900). — Wolf in Bibl.
Bot. XVI. 54 {Monog. Potent.) (1908). — Tornblom in Svensk. Bot.
Tidskr. V. 91, figs. 1-8 (1911). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh,
VII. 120 {PI. Chin. Forrest.) (1912).

Potentilla damirica Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 79 (non Nestler) (1873).
Dasiphora fruticosa Rydberg in Mem. Bot. Columb. Univ. II. ISS (1898).

302 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets and rocky places, alt.
2600-4000 m., June, July and October 1908, October 1910 (Nos. 1213,
3175, 4629; shrub 1-1.5 m., flowers yellow); Tachien-lu, upland thick-
ets, alt. 3300-4000 m., July and November 1908 (No. ills'*; shrub 1
m. tall, flowers yellow) ; northeast of Tachien-lu, Tap'ao-shan, moor-
lands, alt. 4000-4600 m., July 7, 1908 (No. 3174; shrub 0.6-1 m. tall,
flowers golden) ; Wa-shan, cliffs, alt. 3500 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped.
No. 3466; bush 0.6-1 m. tall, flowers yellow) ; without precise locality,
A. Henry (No. 8955). Chili : Weichang, 1909, W. Purdom (No. 127).
Yunnan : Lichiang range, alt. 3300-3600 m., August 1906, G. Forrest
(No. 2723).

This is a common shrub on exposed rocky mountain slopes, above 2500 m. alti-
tude, in western Szech'uan; in Hupeh it is rather rare. In size of leaves and flowers
and in degrees of hairiness this plant is extremely variable. The Chinese speci-
mens quoted above differ from the typical form in the broader usually elliptic and
mucronate outer sepals shorter than the inner sepals, approaching in this respect
var. davurica Lehmann.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. albicans Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis supra laxe adpresse villosis subtus sericeo-
tomentosis albicantibus, sepalis exterioribus ellipticis quam interiores
subaequilongis mucronatis.

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, alt. 3300-4000 m., November
1908 (No. 1213", in part; seeds only). Cultivated at Highland Park,
Rochester, N. Y.: Highland Park, September 14, 1915. E. H. Costich
(raised from seed of Wilson's No. 1213"), type.

This variety is apparently near P. fruticosa, var. vulgaris Willdenow, from which
it differs chiefly in the white-tomentose under surface of the leaflets. The leaves
are 5-foliolate with generally elliptic-oblong leaflets, rounded and mucronate at the
apex, pubescent and dull grayish green above, white-tomentose beneath; the
flowers are bright yellow and about 2 cm. wide with eUiptic outer sepals about as
long as the inner ones. In fohage it much resembles P. fruticosa, var. Vilmoriniana
Bean, but that variety has creamy white flowers.

The plants in cultivation were raised from seed collected under No. 1213", but
all the herbarium specimens of that number have glabrescent leaves.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. rigida Wolf in Bihl. Bot. XVI. 57 (Monog.
Potent.) (1908).

Potentilla rigida WaUich, Cat. No. 1009 (nomen nudum) (1828). — Lehmann,
Nov. Stirp. Pugil. III. 3 (1831); in Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol. XXIII.
Suppl. 19, t. 1 {Revis. Potent.) (1856).

Western Szech'uan: near Monkong Ting, alt. 2300-3000 m.,
June 1908 (No. 3173; shrub 0.6 m., flowers yellow).

ROSACEAE. — POTENTILLA 303

Not common. Our plant differs from the ty]3e of this variety in being sparsely
hairy on the underside of the leaves; it also differs slightly in general aspect.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. tangutica Wolf in Bihl. Bot. XVI. 57 {Mo-
nog. Potent.) (1908).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, alt. 2700-3300 m., October 1910
(No. 4629; shrub 1-1.25 m. tall, flowers yellow?).

Our specimen differs from the original description of var. tangutica in the rather
large outer sepals which are nearly as long as the inner sepals. The specimen is
similar to King's No. 4178 from Patang-lu, Sikkim, which has still larger outer
sepals.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. mandshurica Maximowicz in Bull. Acad.
Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 3, XIX. 164 (1874).

Potentilla davurica, var. mandshurica Wolf in Bibl. Bot. XVI. 61 (Monog.

Potent.) (1908).
Potentilla fruticosa, var. leucantha Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIV. 32

(1910).

Western Szech'uan: Monkong Ting, valley of Hsao-chin Ho,
alt. 2300-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 3172; shrub 0.6 m., flowers white).
Western Hupeh: without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 6967).

This variety is not uncommon in the semi-arid valleys of western Szech'uan.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. Veitchii Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl.

II. 223, fig. (1914).

Potentilla Veitchii Wilson in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, L. 102 (1911).

Potentilla davurica, var. Veitchii Jesson in Bot. Mag. CXLI. t. 8637 (1915).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, rocky places, 2500-3000 m., July
and October 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2187, Seed No. 1087, type of
P. Veitchii Wilson, shrub 1-1.5 m., flowers white). Western Sze-
ch'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, rocky places, alt. 2300-
3600 m., July 1908 (No. 3176; bush 0.6-1 m. tall, flowers white); near
Sungpan Ting, uplands, alt. 3000-4000 m., August 1910 (No. 4627;
shrub 1 m. tall, flowers white); Tachien-lu, on rocks, alt. 4100 m.,
July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3468; shrub 0.6-1 m. tall, flowers white).
Shensi: Tai-pai-shan, mountain slopes up to alt. 3300 m., July 1,
1910, W. Purdom (Nos. 396, 396% 396^^% shrub 0.6-1 m. tall, flowers
white). Kansu: valley of Tow River, alt. 3000-3300 m., 1911, W.
Pwrdom (No. 819). Chili: Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, alt. 3000 m., August
1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 108, 1176, shrubby, flowers white).

This variety is a prominent feature in the scrub wliich covers large areas above
the treeline on the mountains of western Szech'uan. In Hupeh it is rare. It

304 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

shows as much variation in size of leaves and degree of pubescence as the typical
P. fruticosa L., but is readily distinguished by its pure white flowers. From the
other white-flowered variety, var. dahurica Lehmann, it difTers in the more or less
pubescent leaves and in the absence of the conspicuous tuft of hairs at the apex of
the stipules, while in the shape of the sepals there is little or no difference.

Here may be added a note on a variety not collected during the Arnold Arbore-
tum expeditions.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. parvlfolia Wolf in Bibl. Bot. XVI. 58 {Monog. Potent.)
(1908).

Potentilla parvlfolia Fischer apud Lehmann, Nov. Stirp. Pugil. III. 6 (1831);

in Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol. XXllI. Suppl. 20, t. 3, fig. 1 {Revis. Potent.)

(1856).
Potentilla fnUicosa, var. ochreata Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 347 (non

Lehmann) (1878).

Western Szech'uan: Sungpan Ting, grasslands, alt. 3300 m., August 1903
(Veitch Exped. No. 3467; shrub 0.6 m. tall, flowers white or yellow), west of
Tachien-lu, moorlands, alt. 4000 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3468''; shrub
0.6 m. tall, flowers yellow). Kansu : Min-chou and Choni, alt. 3000-3300 m., 1911,
W. Purdom (Nos. 821, 821^"^, flowers yellow).

Common on the scrub-clad uplands in northwest Szech'uan. The flowers vary
much in color. The specimens differ from typical var. parvifolia in their generally
5-foliolate leaves, but the leaflets are narrow and do not exceed 1 cm. in length;
only No. 3468" has broader elliptic leaflets, but they are very small, measuring only
0.3-0.5 cm. in length.

ROSA L.

Rosa multiflora Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 214 (1784). — Lindley, Ros.
Monog. 119 (1820). — Seringe in De Candolle, Prodr. II. 598 (1825). —
Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XIII. 250 {Prim. Monog. Ros. 257)
(1874); XVIII. 277 {Prim. Monog. Ros. 523) (1879). — Franchet &
Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 134 (1874); II. 343 (1876). — Hooker f.
in Bot. Mag. CXVI. t. 7119 (1890). — Sargent in Garden & Forest,
III. 405, fig. 51 (1890). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 23, t. (1910).

The type of this species which has not yet been recorded from China proper
occurs in Japan and Korea.

Rosa multiflora, var. cathayensis Rehder & Wilson, n. var.
A typo recedit inflorescentia magis corymbosa, pauci- v. pluriflora
et floribus roseis majoribus.

Rosa multiflora Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 253 (non Thunberg)
(1887) quoad specimina chinensia. — Franchet, PI. Delavay. 218 (1890). —
Crepin in Btdl. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1897, 230. — Vilmorin & Bois, Frut.
Vilmorin. 83, fig. (1904). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
XVII. 295 (1910). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add.
ser. X. 96 {Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912).

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 305

Rosa viultifiora, var. adenophora Focke in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 405 (non Fran-
chet & Savatier) (1900). — L6veill^, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 354 (1915).

Rosa damascena, f . florihus simplicihus Focke in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V.
66 (1911).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, rocky places, alt. 300-1000
m., May 5, June and December 1907 (Nos. 6i6, type, 3608; bush
0.3-2.5 m. tall, often prostrate, flowers rosy-pink, fruit dull red); Pa-
tung Hsien, side of streams, alt. 600-1300 m., June 1907 (No. 3609;
bush 0.6-1.5 m. tall, flowers pink); Fang Hsien, side of streams, alt.
1000-1600 m.. May 24, 1907 (No. 3606; bush 0.6-2 m. tall, flowers
pink); north and south of Ichang, side of streams, alt. 300-1300 m.
(No. 3607; bush 0.6-1.3 m. tall, flowers pink) ; Nanto, banks of Yang-
tsze River, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 178); Chienshi Hsien, alt.
1000 m., July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1298; bush 2 m. tall, flowers
pink); without locality. A, Henry (Nos. 5289, 5786, 7183, 3129,
7639) . Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, banks of Min River, April
1904 (No. 3541; bush 1 m. tall, flowers pink); Mt. Omei, May 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 4881); without locality, alt. 1000 m., May 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 3542; bush 2 m. tall, flowers pink). Kansu:
without precise locality, 1911, W. Purdom (No. 536). Fokien:
without locality, Dunn's Exped. 1905 (Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong,
No. 2643).

This is a very common Rose growing in sandy and rocky places beside streams
everywhere in western Hupeh, and in Szech'uan from river-level to 1300 m.
altitude. The flowers are always pink and larger than those of the type, and Uke
the tyi^e it is a very variable plant. The stems may be prostrate or erect ; the leaves
vary extremely in size, and the leaflets vary from narrow-lanceolate to suborbicular
and are nearly glabrous or very pubescent ; the stipules vary in size and in degree
of lacination, and the pedicels are smooth or densely stipitate-glandular. These
characters are all inconstant and in this plant have no taxonomic significance.

The typical R. multiflora Thunberg is a native of Japan and has pure white
smaller and usually more numerous flowers in the clusters. Rosa multiflora, var.
cathayensis is the wild parent of the double pink forms enumerated below
and introduced into England from China in 1804 and in 1816, while the Japanese
R. multiflora was not introduced until sometime about 1860. The first mention
of this variety is found in Plukenet (Amalth. 185 [1705]) under the name " Rosa
sylveslris cheusanica, foliis stcbtus incanis, florihus purpureis parvis."

A picture of this Rose will be found under Nos. 014, 019 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs.

Rosa multiflora, var. camea Thory in Redouts, Roses, II. 67, t.
(1821).

Rosa multiflora Sims in Bot. Mag. XXVI. t. 1059 (non Thunberg) (1807). —
Alton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2. III. 265 (1811). — Lindley in Bot. Reg. V. t. 425
(1819); Ros. Monog. 119 (1820). — Andrews, Roses, II. t. 83 (1828).

306 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Rosa diffusa Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. 92 (nomen nudum) (1814); Fl. Ind. ed. 2,

II. 515 (1832).
Rosaflorida Poiret, Encycl. Mefh. Suppl. IV. 715 (1816).
Rosa Grevillii Sweet, Hort. Brit. 138 (1827).

Rosa Roxburghii Sweet, Hort. Brit. 138 (non Trattinnick) (1827).
Rosa rubeoidcs Andrews, Roses, II. t. 84 (1828).
.Rosa multijlora, (8 -plena Regel, Tent. Ros. Monog. 84 (1877); in Act. Hort.

Peirop. V. 368 (1878).
Rosa centifolia Focke in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinbiirgh, V. 66 (non Linnaeus)

(1911).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, commonly culti-
vated, alt. 300-1300 m., May 1907 (No. 3607'^; rambling bush 1-2.5
m. tall, flowers rose-pink). Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, culti-
vated. May 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 4881% 4881^) ; side of Yangtsze
River, probably an escape, April 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3530; bush
2 m. tall). Yunnan: near the city of Tah, alt. 2000 m., June-July
1906, G. Forrest (No. 4449, in part).

Commonly cultivated and variable in size of flowers and leaves. A picture of
this Rose will be found under No. 0121 of the collection of Wilson's photographs.

Rosa multiflora, var. camea, f. platyphylla Rehder & Wilson, n.
comb.

Rosa midtiflora, var. platyphylla Thory in Redouts, Roses, II. 69, t. (1821). —
Lindley in Bot. Reg. XVI. t. 1372 (1830). — WiUmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 29
(1910).

Rosa Thoryi Trattinnick, Ros. Monog. I. 85 (1823).

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, culti-
vated, alt. 1800 m., July 1908 (No. 3610; bush 3 m. tall, flowers rose-
pink).

Rosa diffusa Roxburgh, R. Grevillii Sweet, R. Roxburghii Sweet, and R. rubeoides
Andrews are probably synonyms of this Rose, but the evidence is rather obscure
and vague.

This is the Rose long cultivated in western gardens under the name of Seven
Sisters Rose and sent from China to England about 1816. The well-known Rose
Crimson Rambler seems to us to be obviously a form of the " Seven Sisters " with
intense red and more numerous flowers. Miss Willmott (Gen. Rosa, I. 31 [1910])
considers R. multiflora x R. chinensis as the parentage of the "Crimson Rambler,"
but we cannot discover the slightest influence of R. chinensis in this Rose any more
than we can in the " Seven Sisters." Both these Roses have long been cultivated
in China, and Wilson has often seen them both in gardens in Hupeh and Szech'uan.
Like many other ornamental garden plants the Rose Crimson Rambler was doubtless
introduced from China to Japan.

Rosa Brunonii Lindley, Ros. Monog. 120, t. 14 (1820). — Hooker in
Bot. Mag. LXIX. t. 4030 (1843).

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 307

Rosa Brownii Trattinnick, Ros. Monog. II. 96 (1823).

Rosa moschata, var. nepnlensis Lindley in Bot. Reg. X. t. 829 (1824). — Will-

mott, Gen. Rosa, I. 37, t. (1910).
Rosa Brunonis Wallich, Cat. No. 689 (1828).
Rosa pubescens Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, II. 514 (1832).
Rosa moschata Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 201 (non Miller) (1874). — Hooker

f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 367 (1879). — Cr6pin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XVIIl.

287 (1879).

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
June and October 1908 (No. 1125); vicinity of Tachien-lu, A. E. Pratt
(No. 278).

Rosa Brunonii is fairly common in the valley of the Tung River, where it forma
tangled masses 6 m. and more high and as much in diameter. The Chinese plant
differs slightly from the type of the species as described and figured by Lindley in
its glabrous shoots and in the glabrous or nearly glabrous upper surfaces of the
leaflets, but most of the Indian specimens before us also show glabrous shoots, so
that it does not seem possible to separate the Chinese and the Himalayan plants.

We have restored this Rose to specific rank only after careful consideration.
The discovery of several species of Musk Roses in China has caused us to consider
Rosa moschata Miller as the centre of a group of these plants. For these species
introduced into gardens in Europe and North America have come true from seed,
maintained their distinguishing characters, and are so distinct that no horti-
culturist confuses them with the Musk Roses previously in cultivation. To us
there appears to be a number of geograpliical segregates which agree with the
Musk Rose beloved of our ancestors, in having white flowers with a musk-hke
fragrance, a protruded club-shaped pistil, reflexed calyx-lobes and adnate stipules,
but differing from each other in so many other particulars that they are easily
recognized as distinct species and varieties.

The original Rosa moschata Miller {Gard. Diet. ed. 8, II. 950 [1768]) is an obscure
plant in spite of the fact that it had been in cultivation in England fully a
century and a half before Miller described it as '' Rose with prickly climbing stem,
leaves with 7 smooth lobes, glabrous when old and flowers in umbels," a descrip-
tion which does not help us much. Miller cites Rosa Moschata major J. Bauhin.
Id Bauhin's Hist. PI. II. 45, fig. (1650) there are figures of three forms of R. moschata.
Bauhin states he found the R. moschata major in Burgundy and transferred it to
his garden at Montbeliard, where it was not very hardy. Similar figures to those
of Bauhin's appear in Lobel's PI. Stirp. Icon. II. 207 (1581). The R. moschata
Millei has been known in European gardens since early times. The first mention
we can find is by C Gesner as Rosa muscata in his Horti Germaniae (in V. Cordus,
Annot. 276 [1561]); it is also mentioned by Turner in his Herbal, II. 116 (1568),
and in a rather vague way by Mattioli in his Commentarii, where in later editions
it is identified with the " Nesrim " of the Liber Serapionis. Parkinson {Paradisus,
419, fig. 6 [1629]) figures it under the name of Rosa moschata hispanica simplex.

Modern writers agree that the Musk Rose of our ancestors was native somewhere
in the Mediterranean region. A specimen before us from M. Gandoger's Herbarium
(No. 550), named Rosa ruscinonensis Grenier, and collected at Pcrpignan in the
Pyrenees, agrees remarkably well with Bauhin's and Lobel's figures of R. moschata
mxijor, and Miller's description fits it more closely than it docs any other Musk
Rose we have seen. A specimen in the Gray Herbarium collected by G. Schwein-
furth (No. 1741) on March 10, 1889, along the upper Wadi Nahemi above

308 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Attara at 1800 m. altitude, and named Rosa abyssinica R. BrowTi, f. glandvlosa,^
differs from R. ruscinonensis Grenier only in being more prickly and more glandular,
and in the leaflets being less membranous and pale on the underside. These two
specimens we regard as representing the two extreme geographical forms of the
Musk Rose of our ancestors, the R. moschaia Miller.

The Musk Roses of China and India and that of the high mountains of Persia,
R. moschata, var. nasturana Christ {R. Pissarti Carridre), distinguished at a glance
by their larger leaves, much more numerous flowers in large rounded or paniculate
corymbs, were unknown to botanists and to western gardens in Miller's time. In
the latter half of the 19th century Cr^pin and other botanists believed that the
range of Miller's R. moschata extended through Persia and northern India to the
extreme east coast of Cliina. Most of them admitted that the new forms discovered
differed, however, from their conception of the original Musk Rose, and gave them
varietal names. Our study, however, of this perplexing subject has convinced us
of two things: — (1) That the Musk Rose of Miller is little if at all different from
Rosa ruscinonensis Grenier and Deseglise apud Deseglise (in Billotia, I. 33 [1864]),
and from Rosa abyssinica R. Brown, and their intermediate forms: (2) that the
Musk Roses of India and China are distinct from those knowTi to Miller and his
predecessors and that they are best considered geographical segregates under
separate names since they display constant characters sufficient to distinguish
them as species.

The Chinese Musk Roses referred by various botanists to R. moschata belong
to several of the undermentioned species, but without seeing the specimens it is
impossible to place them where they actually belong.

The Rose figured by Miss Willmott (Gen. Rosa, 1. 33, t. [1910]) as R. moschata
Miller is a form of R. Brunonii Lindley. Since this last named Rose is superior
as a garden plant to the old Musk Rose, it has verj' generally supplanted it and it
is doubtful if R. moschcUa Miller is now in general cultivation.

Rosa Rubus Leveille & Vaniot in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 55
(1908). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 507, t. (1914). — Leveille, Fl.
Kouy-Tcheou, 354 (1915).

Rosa moschata, var. hupehensis Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
XVII. 295 (1910).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1300 m., No-
vember 1907 (No. 431"; scandent bush 2.5-4 m. tall, fruit dull red);
Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1300 m., December 1907 (No. 666^;
bush 3-5 m. tall, fruit dark scarlet); without locality, A. Henry (Nos.
5550, 7007). Western Szech'uan: Chien-chi Hsien, roadside, alt.
1800 m., October 1910 (No. 4174; scandent bush 3-6 m. tall, fruit red) ;
Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4880; bush 6 m. tall); with-
out precise locality, banks of Yangtsze River, May 1903 (Veitch Exped.
No. 3536; large bush, flowers fragrant). Kweichau : " route de Pin-
yang. May 12, 1899, L. Martin (No. 2603, type).

1 This is apparently a manuscript name, as this specimen is enumerated by
Schweinfurth in Bull. Herb. Boissier, IV. app. 2, 205 (1896) under R. abyssinica
without any varietal designation.

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 309

This is ca common species everywhere in western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan
from river-level to 1300 m. The densely hairy shoots and leaves readily distinguish
it from its near relatives. The leaflets are often large and coarsely toothed and the
leaves though variable in shape resemble those of certain species of Rubus. The
fruit is globose, and the pedicels are relatively long and stout.

Henry's No. 7007 agrees exactly with Pampanini's description of his var.
hupehensis except that the teeth are occasionally obscurely biserrate.

A picture of this plant will be found under No. 038 of tlxe collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Rosa glomerata Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex sarmentosus, 3-6-metralis v. ultra; rami glabri, rubro-
brunnei v. flavo-cinerei, aculeis sparsis brevibus reflexo-falcatis basi
dilatatis flavo-brunneis muniti. Folia papyracea, 3-9-, plerumque
5-7-foliolata, petiolo incluso 12-20 cm. longa; foliola breviter petio-
lulata, basin versus decipientia, par infimum quam supremum circiter
dimidio minus, oblonga v. oblongo-ovata, breviter acuminata, basi
rotundata v. subcordata et plerumque leviter obliqua, serrulata denti-
bus parvis glandula terminatis, interdum remote v. obsolete serrulata,
saepe leviter revoluta, 3-10 cm. longa et 1.5-4.5 cm. lata, supra obscure
luteo-viridia, glabra costa media sparse villosa excepta, rugosa, subtus
sparse, in costa et nervis densius villosa, reticulata, utrinsecus nervis
6-10 ut costa supra impressis subtus elevatis, reticulo venularum supra
impresso subtus elevato; petioli 2.5-5 cm. longi ut rhachis supra canali-
culati, subtus tomentulosi et aciculis curvatis sparsis muniti, sed
petioli pars inferioris glabra et purpurascens; petioluli 1-3 mm. longi,
dense villosi; stipulae adnatae, angustae, 2-3 cm. longae, purpuras-
centes, glabrae, auriculis triangularibus acutis plerumque sparse
villosis sparse glandulosis. Flores'fragrantes, albi, 2-3 cm. diam., nu-
merosi in corymbo terminali congesto circiter 4-6 cm. alto et 7-10 cm.
diam.; rhachis sparse villosa v. glabrescens; axes secundi ordinis
1-2 cm. longi et pedicelli subaequilongi dense cinereo-villosa; brac-
teae bracteolaeque parvae, membranaceae, fugaces; receptaculum
ovoideum, villosum, sparse glandulosum; alabastrum ovoideum;
sepala ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, 1.2-1.5 cm. longa, extus villosa et
glandulosa, intus villosa; petala obovata, 1.2-1.5 cm. longa, rotun-
data V. emarginata v. truncata, extus sericeo-villosa; styli coaliti,
exserti, villosi. Fructus subglobosus, interdum ovoideus, rubro-auran-
tiacus, 0.8-1.2 cm. longus et 0.7-1 cm. diam., sepalis deciduis, stylis
saepe persistentibus.

Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 1800-
2300 m., June and October 1908 (No. 1306, type); same locality,

310 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

valley of Tung River, alt. 1300-2000 m., October 1910 (No. 4175);
Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1600 m., November 1908 (No. 1334").

This is a very distinct species readily distinguished by its large leaflets with
strong reticulate venation and villose pubescence on the underside, by its large
membranous stipules, by its short-peduncled dense corymbs, by the villose to-
mentum on the pedicels and calyx and by its orange-colored fruit. It is related to
Rosa longicuspis Bertoloni, which is nearly glabrous everywhere and has shining
green leaves with much less prominent venation, flowers on longer pedicels, and a
very much larger red or scarlet fruit. This new species has a rather local distribu-
tion but is fairly common in the regions mentioned.

Rosa Helenae Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Rosa fiorihunda Rolfe in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, LVIll. 210 (pro parte, non Steven,
nee Baker) (1915), quoad descriptionem.

Frutex diffusus sarmentosus; rami crassi, glabri, annotini purpureo-
brunnei, aculeis plerumque numerosis conformibus, validis falcatis basi
dilatatis flavo-griseis muniti. Folia decidua, 3-9-, plerumque 7-9-foli-
olata, petiolo incluso 5-12, plerumque 10-12 cm. longa; foliola brevis-
sime petiolulata, oblongo-ovata v. ovato-lanceolata, rarius elliptica,
interdum elliptico-obovata, 2-4.5 cm. longa et 1-2.5 cm. lata, plerumque
breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. rarius late cuneata, argute ser-
rulata, supra glabra et intense viridia, subtus cinerei et costa nervisque
pilosis exceptis glabra v. fere glabra, utrinsecus nervis 4-7 supra im-
pressis subtus elevatis; petioli 2-3.5 cm. longi, ut rhachis supra canali-
culati dense pubescentes et subtus aculeis parvis falcatis sparse muniti;
petioluli 1-2 mm. longi; stipulae adnatae, 1.5-2.5 longae, satis an-
gustae, auriculis suberectis 4-8 mm. longis anguste semi-ovatis v.
triangularibus glanduloso-denticulatis, glabrescentes, margine inter-
dum sparse stipitato-glandulosae. Flores albi, fragrantes, 3-4 cm.
diam., in corymbis terminalibus multifloris 6-15 cm. diam.; bracteae
membranaceae, anguste lanceolatae, caducae; pedicelli graciles, 2-2.5
cm. longi, dense stipitato-glandulosi; receptaculum obovoideum v.
ellipsoideum, stipitato-glandulosum; sepala lanceolata, acuminata,
reflexa, 8-12 mm. longa et 3-4 mm. lata, sparse lobata, extus stipitato-
glandulosa et sparse villosa, intus dense villosa; petala obovoidea,
circiter 1.5 cm. longa, plerumque emarginata, glabra; styli in columnam
coaliti, exserti, dense pilosi. Fructus ovoideus v. ellipsoideo-obovoi-
deus, intense aurantiaco-ruber v. scarlatinus, 1-1.5 cm. longus et 8-10
mm. diam., stylis et sepalis caducis.

Western Hupeh : Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1300 m., June
1907 (No. 431, type, 431^, seeds only); Ichang, glens, June 1900

ROSACE AE. — ROSA 311

(Veitch Exped. No. 945); without locality, A. Henry (No. 5973).
Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1.500
m., December 1907 (No. 666); same locality, A. Henry (No. 7100).

This species is well distinguished from all its allies bj' its large ovoid to obovoid
ellipsoid fruit, in No. 666 sometimes even exceeding 1.5 cm. in length. It is
perhaps most closely allied to R. Brunonii Lindley, which has a paniculate corjTnb
and smaller globose fruit. R. Gentiliana L(5veill6 & Vaniot differs in its glabrous,
5-foliolate leaves, which are glaucescent below and have larger more coarsely
toothed leaflets, and in its gray stems and globose fruit.

Rosa Helenae is very abundant in rockj- places from river-level to 1500 m.
everywhere in western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan, but has not yet been re-
ported from farther west. It forms in wayside thickets and by the banks of streams
tangled masses often 6 m. tall and as much through, and in the margins of woods
it rambles over small trees. When covered with masses of its white fragrant
flowers this Rose is very beautiful. It has proved quite hardy and flowered pro-
fusely at the Arnold Arboretum. Under the original Seed No. 431 seeds of R.
Helenae and of R. Rubus have been distributed; the plant cultivated at Kew
under No. 431 belongs to R. Rubus according to specimens received from there.

This new species is named for my Wife. (E. H. W.)

Rosa filipes Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex sarmentosus, 3-6-metralis ; rami glabri, pallidi, aculeis con-
formibus sparsis reflexo-falcatis basi dilatatis fuscis muniti. Folia
papyracea 3-9-, plerumque 5-7-foliolata, petiolo incluso 10-20 cm.
longa; foliola brevissime petiolulata, oblongo-ovata v. lanceolata,
acuminata, basi rotundata v. late cuneata, plerumque obliqua, serrata
V. interdum minute biserrata dentibus glandulis terminatis, 4-7.5 cm.
longa et 1.5-3.5 cm. lata, supra intense viridia, glabra, subtus pallida,
glabra v. fere glabra, glandulis stipitatis minutis fuscis conspersa,
utrinsecus nervis 6-10 subtus elevatis; petioli 3-4.5 cm. longi, ut rha-
chis supra canaliculati, sparse pubescentes, subtus glabri, glandulis
stipitatis minutis sparsis et aculeis falcatis parvis paucis muniti;
petioluli 1-1.5 mm. longi, sparse glandulosi; stipulae adnatae, 1.5-1.8
cm. longae, angustae, margine glandulis stipitatis paucis instructae,
auriculis patentibus anguste lanceolatis. Flores albi, fragrantes, 2-2.5
cm. diam., numerosi in corymbis terminalibus laxis paniculiformibus
15-25 cm. longis et fere aeque lata, axibus primariis bracteis foliaceis
suffultis, rhachi pedunculisque glabris inermibusque v. rhachi tantum
aculeis paucis instructa; pedicelli filiformes 2.5-4 cm. longi breviter
stipitato-glandulosi, bracteolis fugacibus; receptaculum ovoideum,
basin versus sparse glandulosum, ceterum glabrum; alabastrum ova-
tum, subito contractum; sepala ovata v. oblongo-ovata in acumen
longum foliaceum contracta, petalis longiora, lobis paucis instructa,
extus sparse pubescentia et glandulosa, intus villosa, reflexa; petala

312 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

obovata, circiter 12 mm. longa, 10-12 mm. lata, apice rotundata,
emarginata; styli coaliti, 4-5 mm, exserti, pilosi. Fructus globosus,
8-12 mm. diam., intense scarlatinus, sepalis deciduis, stylis saepe
partim persistentibus.

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets,
alt. 1300-2300 m., July and November 1908 (No. 1228, type); same
locality, alt. 1600-2000 m., November 1910 (No. 4200).

This species is very distinct from the other members of this group and is well
characterized by its glabrous shoots and leaflets which are gland-dotted on the under-
side, by its very large paniculate inflorescence of moderately large flowers on
filiform pedicels and by its small globose fruit covered with bloom. It may be
compared with R. Brunonii Lindley, which, however, is a pubescent plant, with
narrower leaflets, larger flowers in much smaller and shorter paniculate corymbs.
Rosa filipes has a rather local distribution, but it is not uncommon in the rather
dry regions mentioned.

Rosa Gentiliana Leveille & Vaniot in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV.
55 (1908). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 513, t. (1914).

Rosa adenodada Leveille, in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 431 (1912); Fl. Kouy-

Tcheou, 353 (1915). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 517, t. (1914).
Rosa floribunda Baker in Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 513 (non Steven) (1914). —

Rolfe in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, LVIII. 210, fig. 70 (1915), descript. excludenda.
Rosa cerasocarpa Rolfe in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1915, 89, specimine Henry-

ano No. 7007 excepto quod ad R. Rubum pertinet.
Rosa moschata maculata Hort. ex Rolfe in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, LVIII. 210 (pro

synon.) (1915).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, alt. 600-1300 m.,
May, November and December 1907 (Nos. 3599, 3601, spreading scan-
dent bush 2-6 m. tall; Ichang, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 2722*);
same locality, A. Henry; Patung Hsien, margin of woods, alt. 1000-
1400 m.. May 1907 (No. 3598; scandent bush 3-5 m. tall, flowers white,
fragrant); Hsing-shan Hsien, ravines and beside streams, alt. 600-1300
m.. May 8, 1907 (No. 3600; wide scandent bush 1-3 m. tall, flowers
sulphur-yellow passing to white, fragrant); same locality, alt. 1000-
1300 m., June and November 1907 (No. 609''; scandent bush 2-4 m.
tall, flowers white, fragrant, fruit dull red) ; Fang Hsien, woodlands,
alt. 1000-1600 m., November 1907 (No. 609; bush 3-5 m. tall, fruit
dark red). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No.
5773). Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Herb. Bot.
Gard. Hongkong, No. 2647). Kiangsu: without locality, D'Argy
(type). Kweichou: " Grotte de Gai-ko," alt. 1200 m.. May 3,
1910, J. Esquirol (No. 2100, type of R. adenodada Leveille).

EOSACEAE. — ROSA 313

This species is well distinguished by its glabrous shoots which become pale gray
with age, by its glabrous 3-5-foliolate leaves which are shining green above, glau-
cescent and very pallid on the underside, with relatively broad, coarsely serrate
long acuminate leaflets occasionally abruptly rounded with a short acumen. The
flowers are very numerous in flattened or rounded corymbs; the fruit is small
and globose.

Rosa Geniiliana is abundant in the mountainous region of western Hupeh and
eastern Szech'uan which would appear to mark its western limits of distribution.
It is partial to rocky places from river-level to 1400 m. altitude, forming tangled
masses 6 m. and more tall. The flowers are large, very fragrant, and their beauty
is increased by the golden-yellow anthers. Leveillc describes the styles as "free"
in his Rosa adenodada, but this is incorrect. Miss Willmott states that R. adenoclada
Leveille is near R. Iucidissi7na Ldveille, but we consider the last named to be only
a state of the very different R. chinensis, f . spontanea Rehder & Wilson. It is prob-
able that Rosa moschata, var. densa M. de Vilmorin (in Jour. Hart. Sac. Lond.
XXVII. 482, fig. 134 [1902]) should be referred to R. Geniiliana Leveille, although
it is not stated whether the shoots and leaves are glabrous or pubescent.

A picture of this plant will be found under No. 060 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Rosa longicuspis A. Bertoloni in Mem. Accad. Sci. Bologna, XI. 201,
t. 13 (1861); Misc. Bot. XXI. 15, t. 3 (1861). — Crepin in Bull. Soc.
Bot. Bclg. XIII.255 (Prim. Res. Monog.262) (1874); XVIII. 295 {Prim.
Ros. Monog. 541) (1879). — Hooker f., Fl Brit. Ind. II. 367 (1878). —
Brandis, Ind. Trees, 288 (1906).

Rosa sempervirens J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson, Herb. Ind. Orient, ex Hooker f .,
Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 367 (pro synon.) (non Linnaeus) (1879).

Rosa moschata, var. yunnanensis Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXV. pt. 2,
8 (1886). — Franchet, PI. Delavay. 218 (1890).

Rosa Sinowilsoni Hemsley in Kew Bidl. Misc. Injorm. XIX. 158 (1906). —
Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 73 (1910).

Rosa Willmottiana Leveille in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XI. 299 (1912). — Will-
mott, Gen. Rosa, II. 521 (1914).

Rosa Soulieana Focke in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 70 (non Crepin) (1911).

Rosa lucens Paul & Sons, Rose-Cat. 1915-16, 15 (1915).

Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, thickets, alt. 1000-1600 m.,
June and October 1908 (No. 1098; scandent bush 3-6 m. tall, flowers
white, fruit dark scarlet); Wa-shan, alt. 2000 m., November 1908
(No. 1098^; scandent bush 3 m. tall, fruit dark scarlet); southeast of
Tachien-lu, alt. 1600-2100 m., October 1908 (No. 1334; scandent bush
6 m, and more tall, fruit dark scarlet) ; Yachou Fu, thickets, alt. 1000
m., November 1910 (No. 4127; bush 6 m. tall, fruit orange-red); valley
of Tung River, alt. 800 m.. May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3537); Mt.
Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4876; bush 4 m. tall, flowers
white). Yunnan: Mengtsze, rocky places, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry
(No. 9236'*); Tali valley, alt. 2000 m., July-August 1906, G. Forrest

314 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

(No. 4454); " Brousses et haies a Long-ky, 700 m., Juin 1911," E. E.
Maire (type of R. Willmottiana L^veille). India : east Bengal, Griffith
(No. 2140) ; Khasia, alt. 600-1600 m., J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson;
Khasia, " environs of Tserapiindzi till near Mdirong," alt. 900-1500
m., October 1855, Schlagintweit (No. 209).

This species, heretofore known only from a few specimens, has been variously
considered a good species or a geographical form of the European R. sempervirens
Linnaeus. It is really a very distinct species related to Rosa Brunonii Lindley,
but readily distinguished from that species by its glabrous reddish brown shoots,
more coriaceous, shining green leaves and especially by its much larger fruit and
by the hairy back of its petals.

This Rose is common in thickets round the base of Mt. Omei and in other warm
parts of southwest Szech'uan and apparently also in Yunnan extending westward
to Khasia and possibly beyond. It is a large rambhng shrub and is very beautiful
when in flower or in fruit. The leaves persist late into the winter and in the most
favorable locations it may be evergreen. No. 4876 from Mt. Omei has leaves and
leaf-rhachis rather more pubescent than is usual ; otherwise the specimens are re-
markably uniform in character. Forrest's No. 4454 determined by Focke as R.
Soulieana doubtless belongs to this species, though at the first glance it looks rather
different with its small elUptic, not acuminate leaflets, but the pubescent petals
at once remove it from R. Soulieana Crepin.

Rosa Soulieana Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXXV. Compt.-Rend.
21 (1896). — Vilmorin & Bois, Frut. Vilmorin. 85, fig. (1904). — Hems-
ley in Bot. Mag. CXXXIII. t. 8158 (1907). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I.
57, t. (1910).

Rosa moschata, var. yunnanensis Focke in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 69
(non Crdpin) (1911).

Western Szech'uan: near Monkong Ting, valley of Hsao-chin
Ho, alt. 2300-3300 m., June 1908 (No. 3613; bush 2-6 m. tall, flowers
sulphur-yellow changing to white); between Mao-chou and Sungpan
Ting, valley of Min River, alt. 2000-2600 m., August 1910 (No. 4164;
bush 2-4 m. tall); west of Tachien-lu, valley of Yalung River, alt.
2800 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3532; bush 2 m., flowers yel-
lowish). Yunnan: Machi-chiang valley, alt. 3000 m., June 1906, G.
Forrest (2370).

Wilson's specimens from western Szech'uan have perfectly glabrous receptacles
and leaves, while in Forrest's specimen the receptacles and pedicels are covered
with a short glandular pubescence and the leaves are pubescent on the midrib
beneath.

Common in the warm dry river-valleys of the Chino-Thibetan borderland up to
3000 m. altitude. A picture of this Rose will be found under No. 145 in the col-
lection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 454.

Rosa microcarpa Lindley, Ros. Monog. 130, t. 18 (1820). — Walpers,
Rep. II. 12 (1843). — Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XIII. 244 {Prim.

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 315

Ros. Monog. 251) (1874). — Franchet, PL Delavay. 218 (1890).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 251 (1887). — Willmott, Gen.
Rosa, I. 113 (1911). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform.
add. ser. X. 96 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1914).

Rosa indica Linnaeus, Spec. I. 492 (1753), quoad synon. Petiveri.

Rosa cymosa Trattinniok, Ros. Monog. 1. 87 (1823).

Rosa fragariaeflora Seringe in De Candolle, Prodr. II. 601 (1825).

Rosa amoyensis Hance in Jour. Bot. VI. 297 (1868).

Rosa Banksiac, ^ microcarpa Kegel, Tent. Ros. Monog. 92 (1877); in Act.

Hort. Petrop. V. 376 (1878).
Rosa sorhiflora Focke in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXVII. 227, fig. 96 (1905). —

Leveill(5, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 354 (1915).
Rosa sorbifolia in Rev. Hort. 1905, 234.

Rosa Chaff anjoni L^veille & Vaniot in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 56 (1908).
Rosa Bodinicri L6veill6 & Vaniot in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 56 (1908). —

Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 485, t. (1914). — L6veill6, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 353

(1915).
Rosa Esquirolii L6veill6 & Vaniot in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 56 (1908). —

Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 485, t. (1914). — L^veill^, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 353

(1915).
Rosa Cavaleriei L6veill6 in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. VIII. 61 (1910).

Kiangsi : Kiukiang, thickets up to 300 m. alt., August 1, 1907 (No.
1678; scandent bush 5 m. tall, common). Western Hupeh: neigh-
borhood of Ichang, alt. 30-800 m., April and December 1907 (No.
3603; scandent bush 1.5-2 m. tall, flowers white, fruit dull red);
Nanto, banks of Yangtsze River, May and October 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 828; bush 2 m., cotype of R. sorhiflora Focke); Ichang
and immediate neighborhood, A. Henry (Nos. 3106, 3597, 7589).
Western Szech'uan : Yachou Fu, thickets, alt. 500-1300 m., Octo-
ber 1908 (No. 3604; scandent bush 2-4 m. tall, fruit dull red); Mt.
Omei, May and November 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 4877, 3539");
banks of Yangtsze River, May 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3539).
Kweichau: Kweiyang " mont du college, haies, pres les villages,"
June 2, 1S9S, J. Chaffanjon (No. 2292; type of R.Chaffanjoni L^veille &
Vaniot); " monts de Lau-tsong-koan, cc. dans la montagne," May 31,
1897, Emile Bodinier (No. 1604; type of R. Bodinieri L^veill^ &
Vaniot); " murs de T-chen-lin," June 1904, J. Cavalerie (No. 117;
type of R. Esquirolii L^veill^ & Vaniot); " Montagues Hoang-Tsao-
Pa," June 1909, /. Esquirol (No. 1517; type of R. Cavaleriei L6veill6).
Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor. Fokien:
" Yuen Fu valley, bamboo plantations," Dunn's Exped., April to
June (Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong, Nos. 435, 2637); Amoy, A.
Henry.

316 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This is the most widely distributed of all Chinese Roses, being found in all the
warmer parts of China from the sea-coast to the extreme western part of Szech'uan.
It is particularly abundant in the neighborhood of Ichang in grassy and stony places
fully exposed to the sun. It varies considerably, often on the same branch, in degree
of hairiness and in the size of leaves and corymbs. Several specimens from Hupeh
have very villose young shoots and leaf-rhachis, while those from Chekiang and
western Szech'uan are often quite glabrous; the number and form of the spinuliform
appendages to the calyx-lobes is also variable. Nevertheless it is an exceptionally
well-marked species agreeing with R. Banksiac Aiton, in its free, linear, and rarely
deciduous stipules, but differing from that species in its cymose-corymbose inflores-
cence and exserted styles which, however, are not connate into a column, as in
the Synstylae, where Crepin places this species. This Rose is first mentioned by
Petiver in \\is Gazophylacium Naturae et Artis, 56, t. 35, fig. 11 (1704), under the
name of " Rosa Chusan. glabra, Juniperi fructu," and his figure of a fruiting branch
is excellent. Linnaeus (Spec. I. 492 [1753]) cites Petiver's plant under liis R. indica,
but certainly the greater part at any rate of the description belongs to another
plant. The Rose figured by Ker (Icon. Pict. Indo.-As. PI. Dam. Cattley [1818];
Icon. PI. Chin, e bibl. Braamiana [1821]), and considered by Hemsley (in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXIII. 248 [1SS7]) to be the wild form of R. Banksiae Aiton, is the R.
microcarpa Lindley, as the cymose inflorescence proves, and was so interpreted by
Walpers (Rep. 11. 12) and others. Hemsley (1. c. 252) considers that Rosa intermedia
or R. dubia Carriere (in Rev. Hort. 1868, 270, figs. 29, 30) " is apparently the same
as, or closely allied to, R. microcarpa Lindley." Miss Willmott (Gen. Rosa, 1. 113)
cites these names as synonyms of Lindley's plant. The shape of the stipules and
the leaves and inflorescence show that the Rose Carriere described as R. dubia and
figured as R. intermedia is R. multifiora Thunberg. Leveille (1. c.) states that his
R. Chaffanjoni has the styles glabrous; but in the specimens he has sent us they
are decidedly villose. We can find no characters by which we can separate the
various forms of this Rose which Leveille has described as species. We suspect,
too, that Rosa Collettii Crepin (in Bidl. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXVIII. Compt. Rend. 49
[1889]) is only a geographical variant of R. microcarpa Lindley, but Collett &
Hemsley's figure (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVIII. 56, t. 10 [1891]) represents a form
which is rather different in aspect from any we have seen.

Rosa Banksiae Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, III. 258 (1811). — Sims in
Bot. Mag. XLV. t. 1954 (1818). — Lindley, Ros. Monog. 131 (1820). —
Tliory in Redoute, Roses, II. 43, t. (1821).

Rosa Banksiae, var. albo-plena Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. IV. 1552

(1902).
Rosa Banksiae, f. subinermis, fl. pleno v. semipleno alho Focke in Not. Bot.

Gard. Edinburgh, V. 65 (1911).

The original Rosa Banksiae Aiton is known only as a cultivated plant; it has
double-white flowers and was first sent to England in 1807 by William Kerr from
gardens in or near Canton. To this typical form belong Henry's No. 10508,
described on his label as a large climber with white flowers from mountains north
of Mengtsze, Yunnan, and Forrest's No. 2048 from western Yunnan. This form
and the double-yellow flowered R. Banksiae lutea Lindley, are commonly cultivated
in gardens of central and southern Japan, having, according to Professor M. Shirai
(A Chronological Table of Natural History in Japan [1908]), been introduced from
China in 1733.

HOSACEAE. — ROSA 317

Rosa Banksiae, var. normalis Kegel, Tent. Ros. Monog. 91 (1877);
in Act. Hort. Petrop. V. 376 (1878).

Rosa Banksiae Cr^pin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XIV. 162 (non Aiton) (1875). —
Franchetin Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 267 {PL David. 1. 11.5) (1883);
PI. Delavay. 219 (1890). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 248
(1887), quoad specimina Henryana. — Focke in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 405
(1900). — Henry inGard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXI. 438, figs. 171, 172 (1902). —
Leveille, Fl. Komj-Tcheou, 353 (1915).

Rosa Banksiae, f. subinermis fl. simpl. Focke in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V.
65 (nomen nudum) (1911).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, ravines and rocky
places generally, alt. 40-1000 m., April and May 6, and October 1907
(Nos. 619, 619'=; scandent bush 6 m. and more tall and as much in di-
ameter, flowers pure white, fragrant, fruit dull red, abundant) ; same
locality, April and September 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 183; large
climber, flowers white, fragrant, common) ; Hsing-shan Hsien, side of
stream, alt. 1000 m., June 7, 1907 (No. 619'^); Vvdthout locality, A.
Henry (No. 3198). Eastern Szech'uan: south Wushan Hsien, A.
Henry (No. 5552). Western Szech'uan: Wen-ch'uan Hsien, val-
ley of Min River, alt. 600-1600 m., November 1908 (No. 619*'; scan-
dent bush 3-6 m. tall, fruit dull red); without locality, alt. 300-1600
m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3538; large bush, abundant).

This Rose is very abundant in western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan from
river-level to 1000 m. alt. and is fairly common in western Szech'uan in the valley's
of the Tung and Min rivers and neighboring regions up to 1500 m. alt. It delights
in glens, ravines and rocky places generally, where it forms tangled masses 6 m.
and more high and as much in diameter; commonly it rambles over trees, and
Wilson has seen trees 15 m. and more tall comjiletely festooned with this Rose.
The flowers are always pure white, and we have never observed any tendency
towards double flowers in the wild plant ; nor did Wilson see it or any of its forms
cultivated in gardens in central or western China. The umbellate inflorescence
well distinguishes this species from its nearest relation Rosa microcarpa Lindley.
The root-bark is used locally for strengthening and dyeing fishing nets brown.

This variety appears to be confined to central and western China, and we have
Been no specimens of the wild plant from regions east of the 112th parallel of longi-
tude. Regel (1. c.) distinctly says that Kirilow's specimens were from plants culti-
vated in gardens round Peking.

Pictures of this Rose will be found under Nos. 684, 043 and 0205 of the collec-
tion of Wilson's photographs.

Rosa Banksiae, f. lutescens Voss, Vilmorin's Blumengdrt. 1. 49 (1896).
Rosa Banksiae Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. CXVIl. t. 7171 (non Aiton) (1891).

Western Hupeh : Hsing-shan Hsien, planted on a tomb, alt. 1150
m., May 5, 1907 (No. 619''; scandent shrub 2.5 m. tall, flowers sulphur-
yellow).

318 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

In his travels in China Wilson met with only one bush of this form of R.
Banksiae, and it had evidently been planted.

Rosa laevigata Michaux, Fl Bor. Am. I. 295 (1803). — Lindley, Ros.
Monog. 125 (1820). — Crepin in Bull Soc. Bot. Belg. XIV. 155 {Prim.
Monog. Ros. 359) (1875). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 250
(1887); in Gard. LXII. 167 (1902). — Focke in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX.
406 (1900). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, L 117, t. (1911). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 96 (Fl. Kwangtung
& Hongk.) (1912).

Rosa sinica Aiton, Hort. Kew. II. 203 (non Linnaeus) (1789); ed. 2, III. 261

(1814). — Lindley, Ros. Monog. 126, t. 16 (1820); in Bot. Reg. XXIII. t.

1922 (1837). — Hooker in Bot. Mag. LV. t. 2847 (1828). — Bentham, Fl.

Hongk. 106 (1861).
Rosa ternata Poiret, Encycl. Meth. VI. 284 (1804).
Rosa nivea De Candolle, Cat. Hort. Monsp. 137 (1813). — Seringe in De Can-

dolle, Prodr. II. 599 (1825).
Rosa Cherokeensis Donn, Hort. Cant. ed. 8, 170 (1815).
Rosa hystrix Lindley, Ros. Monog. 129, t. 17 (1820). — Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat.

ser. 5, V. 211 (1866).
Rosa triphylla Roxburgh apud Lindley, Ros. Monog. 138 (1820). — Roxburgh,

Fl. Ind. ed. 2, II. 515 (1832).
Rosa cucumerina Trattinnick, Ros. Monog. II. 181 (1823).
Rosa trifoliata Bosc ex Jackson, Ind. Kew. IV. 739 (pro synon.) (1895).^
Rosa Amygdalifolia Seringe in De Candolle, Prodr. II. 601 (1825).
Rosa sinica, a typica Regel, Tent. Ros. Monog. 43 (1877); in Act. Hort.

Petrop. V. 327 (1878).
Rosa Camellia Hort. ex Andr6 in Rev. Hort. 1889, 246 (pro synon.).
Rosa camelliaefolia Hort. ex Kew Hand-list Trees & Shrubs, pt. 1, 171 (pro

synon.) (1892).
Rosa levigata, var. kaiscianensis Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.

XVII. 294 (1910).

Kiangsi: Kiukiang, foothills, alt. 300 m., August 1, 1907 (No.
1692). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, alt. 30-1000
m., April and December (No. 3614; scandent bush 2-4 m. tall, flowers
white, fruit orange-red); Nanto, banks of Yangtsze River, April 16,
1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 75); without locality, A. Henry (No. 1143).
Fokien: Amoy, A. Henry. Formosa: " Mt. Kushaku," June 6,
1903, U. Faune (No. 129).

This Rose is very common in rocky places at low altitudes throughout western
Hupeh. The leaves are variable in size and shape. On the growing shoots the
leaves are lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, whereas on the flowering branchlets the
leaves are elliptic to ovate or even suborbicular as described by Pampanini under
his var. kaiscianensis, and we can find no characters by which to separate this va-

1 In the place cited in Index Kewensis the combination R. trifoliata does not
appear, only " Rosier trifolie."

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 319

riety from the typical wild plant. Rosa laevigata is cultivated in Japan, but is not
wild there, although it has been enumerated as a Japanese plant by certain bot-
anists. It was brought to North America early in the 17th century and soon
becoming widelj^ naturalized was first described as an American plant.

The first mention of Rosa laevigata Michaux in western literature is to be found
in Plukenet, Amalth. 185 (1705) under the name " Rosa alba cheusanensis foliorum
marginibus et rhachi medio spinosis"; his specimen is preserved in the British
Museum. The Rosa sinica, /3 Braajniana Regel {Tent. Ros. Monog. 43 [1877]},
based on Braam's figure which Miss Willmott (Gen. Rosa, I. 118 [1911]) says is
" doubtless a hybrid," is Rosa bracteata Wendland, a species which is common in
the coast provinces of China south of the Yangtsze River.

Rosa Argyi L6veill6 (in Bull. Sac. Bat. France, LV. 56 [1908]) from Kiangsu, of
which we have seen no specimens, is considered by the author to be a hybrid
between this and the following species. Judging from the description, however,
it does not appear to be specifically different from R. laevigata.

Rosa Roxburghii Trattinnick, Ros. Monog. II. 233 (1823).

Rosa microphylla Roxburgh apud Lindley, Ros. Monog. 9, 146 (non Desfon-
taines) (1820). — Lindley in Bot. Reg. XI. t. 919 (1825). — Roxburgh, Fl.
Ind. ed. 2, II. 515 (1832). — Hooker in Bot. Mag. XXIII. t. 3490 (1836). —
Baillon in Adansonia, X. 72 (1871-73). — Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.
XIV. 146 (1875). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 364 (1878). — Hance in
Jour. Bot. XX. 5 (1882). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 252
(1887). — Franchet, PI. Delavay. 220 (1890). — Focke in Bot. Jahrb.
XXIX. 406 (1900). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, 1. 135, 1. 1. (1911). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 96 {Fl. Kwangtung &
II angle.) (1912).

Rosa microphylla, a glabra Regel, Tent. Ros. Monog. 38 (1877) ; in Act. Hort.
Petrop. V. 321 (1878).

This species was originally described from plants cultivated in the Botanic
Garden at Calcutta and was said to have been introduced from China. It is
probable that Rosa centifolia Loureiro {Fl. Cochin. 323 [1790]) belongs here.

Rosa Roxburghii, f. normalis Rehder & Wilson, n. f.
A typo recedit floribus simplicibus. Foliola glabra, obovata v.
elliptica, apice rotundata v. acuta.

Rosa microphylla Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 295 (non

Desfontaines, nee Roxburgh) (1910).
Rosa Forrestii Focke in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 67, t. 62 {PI. Chin.

Forrest.) (1911).

Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, roadsides, alt. 300-1300 m.,
June and September 1908 (No. 3612; shrub 0.5-1 m. tall, flowers rosy-
red, fruit yellowish); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4874;
bush 0.5-1.3 m. tall); without locality, alt. 300-1300 m., June 1903
(Veitch Exped. No. 3529; bush 0.5-1 m. tall, flowers pink). Hupeh:
" Ou-tan-scian," alt. 2090 m., July 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 986).
Yunnan: TaU range, alt. 2100-2400 m., June 1906, G. Forrest
(No. 4450).

320 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This bush Rose is abundant by waysides and in semi-arid river-valleys through-
out the warmer parts of western Szech'uan. In the neighborhood of Kiating Fu
and on the Chengtu Plain it is commonly used as a hedge-plant. Focke's R.
Forrestii is based on specimens having small leaves; our No. 3529 Veitch Exped.
is a similar plant, and this character is inconstant. Its obovate rounded to nar-
rowly ovate, acute or abruptly acuminate leaflets and less sharply acute serratures
and the absence of pubescence distinguish it from the Japanese R. Roxburghii,
var. hirtula Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. {R. microphylla, /3 hirtula Regel). It is
this Japanese variety with single flowers which is in cultivation and which is figured
by Hooker f. as R. microphylla in the Bot. Mag. CVII. t. 6548 (1881). This var.
hirtula is spontaneous in central Hondo, and Wilson has collected it at 1000 m.
alt. on the northern slopes of Fuji-san, Japan.

Rosa chinensis Jacquin, 06s. Bot. III. 7, t. 55 (1768). — K. Koch,
Dendr. I. 272 (1869). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 79, t. (1911).

Rosa sinica Linnaeus, Syst. Veg. ed. 13, 394 (forma calyce monstroso) (1774).

Rosa indica Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 323 (non Linnaeus) (1790). — Aiton, Hort.
Kew. ed. 2, HI. 266 (1811). — Lindley, Ros. Monog. 106 (1820). — Crepin in
Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XL 23 (Prim. Ros. Moiiog. 139) (1872), XIV. 168
{Prim. Ros. Monog. 372) (1875). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 364
(1878). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIIl. 249 (1887). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 96 (Fl. Kwangtung &
Hongk.) (1914).

Rosa nankinensis, Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 323 (1790).

Rosa semper flor ens, ^ Lawrence, Roses, t. 26 (1799).

Rosa bengalensis, ^ chinensis Persoon, Syn. PI. II. 50 (1807).

Rosa Indica vulgaris Thory in Redoute, Roses, I. 51, t. (1817). — Lindley, Ros.
Monog. 106 (1820). — Regel, Tent. Ros. Monog. 74 (1877); in Act. Hort.
Petrop. V. 358 (1878).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, cultivated, June 1907 (No.
361 1 ; rambling bush 2 m. tall, flowers red). Yunnan: Mengtsze,
mountains southeast, alt. 1600 m., cultivated, A. Henry (No. 11272).

This Rose is commonly cultivated in the eastern and southeastern provinces of
China, but is rarely cultivated in the central and western provinces.

Rosa chinensis, f. spontanea Rehder & Wilson, n. f.
A typo floribus simplicibus recedit. Est forma spontanea et typum
phylogeneticum speciei constituit.

Rosa indica Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 249 (non Linnaeus, nee
Loureiro) (1887), quoad specimen Henryi. — Focke in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX.
405 (1900). — Henry in Card. Chron. ser. 3, XXXI. 438, fig. 170 (1902).

North-central Szech'uan: Pa-chou, sandstone ravines, alt.
1000 m., July 1910 (No. 4649; bush 1-2 m. tall, spontaneous).
Northwestern Szech'uan: Shih-ch'uan Hsien, roadside thickets,
alt. 800-1000 m., August 1910 (No. 4649=*; bush 1.5-2 m. tall, spon-
taneous). Western Hupeh: near Ichang, San-yu-tung glen, A.
Henry (No. 1151).

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 321

This Rose is common in wayside thickets and on the banks of rivers in Shih-
ch'uan Hsien, but is rare elsewhere so far as known.

Our specimens are in fruit only, but they agree exactly with Henry's; and we
think that Henry is right in considering this plant to be the wild type of Rosa chi-
nensis Jacquin. The Rosa lucidissima Leveille (in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. IX. 444
[1911]; Fl. Kouy-Tchcou, 254 [1914]) appears to us to be nothing but a state of
this forma spontanea distinguished only by its leaves being pale green on the under-
side and not glaucescent and by the calyx-tube being densely covered with stipitate
glands.

Rosa rugosa Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 213 (1784). — Lindley, Ros. Monog.
5, t. 19 (1820). — C. A. IVIeyer in Mhn. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser.
6 (Sci. Nat.), VI. 32 (Ueher Zimmtros.) (1847). — Franchet in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 2G8 (PL David. I. 116) (1883). — Hemsley
in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 253 (1887). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn.
Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 295 (1910).

Rosaferox Alton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, HI. 262 (1811). — Lindley in Bot. Reg.

V. t. 420 (1819).
Rosa kamtchatica Thory in Redouts, Roses, I. 47, t. (non Ventenat) (1817).
Rosa Regeliana Linden & Andr6, in III. Hort. XVIII. 11, t. 47 (1871).
Rosa rugosa, f. amurensis Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXXI. 152

(Fl. Tche-foa, 57) (1876).
The type of this species does not seem to occur in China.

Rosa rugosa, var. Chamissoniana C. A. JVIeyer in Mem. Acad.
Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 6 (Sci. Nat.), VI. 34 {Ucber Zimmtros.) (1847).

Rosa rugosa, /3 kamtschatica Regel, Tent. Ros. Monog. 26 (1877); in Act.

Hort. Petrop. V. 310 (1878).
Rosa pubescens Baker in Willmott, Gen. Ros. II. 499 (non Roxburgh, nee

Schleicher, nee L^man) (1914).

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, cultivated, alt. 600 ra., IVIay
1907 (No. 4728; bush 1-2 m., flowers red); Hsing-shan Hsien, June
1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1294; bush 1 m., flowers red, an escape).

This Rose is occasionally seen in Chinese gardens, but not very often. Our
specimens have rather small red semi-double flowers and agree with Meyer's var.
Chamissoniana in the almost entire absence of bristles on the branches and in
the smaller and narrower, less rugose leaflets; the form enumerated by Pampanini
is probably identical.

Rosa caudata Baker in Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 495 (1914).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1800 m., September
1907 (No. 306; bush 1-2 m., fruit coral-red); same locality, alt. 2000
m., October 1910 (No. 4418; bush 3-4 m. tall, fruit orange-red).

This is a rare and very distinct species with erect shoots sparingly clad with
stout, straight prickles dilated at the base, prominent winter-buds, large leaves
and stipules and a large slightly convex corymb and handsome fruit. It is only
known to us from the high mountains of northwestern Hupeh.

322 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

A specimen collected on " Gua-in-san " in Shensi by G. Giraldi on July 16,
1897, possibly belongs to this species, but the material is too poor for definite
determination. The calyx is very setose.

Rosa banksiopsis Baker in Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 503 (1914).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
June 1907 (No. 3591 ; bush 1-2 m. tall, flowers rose-red) ; Hsing-shan
Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600-2000 m., June, July and September 1907
(Nos. 3592, 287^; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers pink to red); Fang Hsien,
upland thickets, alt. 1600-2300 m., July and September 1907 (No. 287;
bush 1-2 m. tall, flowers pink, fruit coral-red) ; same locality, June and
October 1910 (No. 4418^; bush 3 m. tall, flowers rose-red); Patung
Hsien, thickets, October 1900 (Veitch Exped. Seed No. 512); without
locality, A. Henry (No. 6071=*). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan
Hsien, thickets, 1300-1600 m., September 1907 (No. 204; bush
3 m. tall, fruit orange-red) ; same locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 1045; bush 1.5 m.); same locality, A. Henry (No. 5746).

This is a very common species in western Hupeh in thickets of low-growing shrubs
on mountain slopes. The stems are upright, and the more or less reddish-purple shoots
and branches are remarkably free of prickles. A specimen collected on "Mt. Kin-
tou-san " in Shensi on July 14, 1897 by G. Giraldi may belong to this species, but
the material is so poor that it is not possible to discuss it intelhgently. A specimen
collected by W. Purdom near Minchou, western Kansu, probably belongs here,
though it differs in its perfectly glabrous leaflets.

Rosa Davidii Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XIII. 253 {Prim. Ros.
Monog. 260) (1874). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2,
V. 270 {PI. David. I. 118) (1883).

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1600-2600 m., July
1908 (Nos. 3585; bush 1.5-5 m. tall, flowers rose-pink, fruit orange-
red to scarlet); same locality, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3545,
Seed No. 1440; bush 2.5 m. tafl, flowers pink); same locahty, A. E.
Pratt in A. Henry (No. 8944); Mupin, thickets, alt. 2000-2600 m.,
November 1908 and 1910 (Nos. 1238, 4223; bush 1-3 m. tafl, fruit
orange-red to scarlet) ; west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt.
2000-3000 m., September 1908 (Nos. 1060, 1063; bush 2.5-5 m. tall,
fruit orange).

Crcpin's description supplemented by a photograph of the original specimen
in the herbarium of the Museum at Paris leaves little doubt that the specimens
enumerated above can be referred only to Rosa Davidii. It is a common Rose on
the mountains of western Szech'uan, in Mupin, where David collected it. It is
the species in China nearest to R. macrophylla Lindleyi of the western Himalaya.

1 The different botanists who have dealt with the Roses of the interior of China
have referred many specimens to Rosa macrophylla Lindley, but in nearly every case
have made them varieties or forms, or have remarked that the specimens diflfer

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 323

Lindley's plant differs in its more acute leaflets with more acute serratures, which
are more hairy on the under side and in its shorter styles. In R. Davidii the
anther cells are markedly divergent at the base, which is not the case in the Hima-
layan specimens of R. macrophylla we have seen.

Our No. 1060 has a very large much-branched inflorescence, and the venation
on the under side of the leaflets is very prominent; in No. 1063 the leaflets are more
eilkily pubescent on the under side than is usual in the species.

Rosa Davidii, var. elongata Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis majoribus, ad 7 cm. longis subtus glabris v.
pubescentibus, corymbis 3-7-floris, fructu elongate oblongo utrinque
plus minusve attenuate 2-2.5 cm. longo et circiter 1 cm. diam.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 2000-2600 m., No-
vember 1908 (No. 1 126, type; bush 3 m.) ; Wa-shan thickets, alt. 1600-
3000 m., June and October 1908 (Nos. 1099, 11 14, 1178; bush 3-5 m.,
flowers rose-pink, fruit scarlet to orange-red).

This variety is distinguished from the type by its fewer flowers, its larger
more elongated fruit and by its usually larger leaflets, which vary from nearly
glabrous to silkily pubescent on the under side. In No. 1114 the leaves are pubes-
cent on both surfaces, but seedling plants raised from this number are normal
in their pubescence.

Rosa corymbulosa Rolfe in Bot. Mag. CXL. t. 8566 (1914).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, 1300-2000 m. alt.,
November 1907 (Nos. 630, 630% seeds only, 625; bush 1.3-2 m. tall, - ■'" - •^^?' ^'
fruit coral-red to scarlet); Patung Hsien, mountains, 1600 m. alt.,
July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1438; bush 2 m. tall, flowers pink);
without precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 6491, 6714).

This Rose is fairly common in thickets on the mountains of western Hupeh.
It is easily recognized by its smooth shoots, and by its very membranous leaflets
which are gray and puberulous on the under side and turn a deep vinous-purple in
the autumn. The wild plants have usually much smaller corj^mbs than that
figured by Rolfe, indeed the flowers are often solitary.

Rosa setipoda Hemsley & Wilson in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1906,
158. — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 173, fig. 55 (1911). — Rolfe in Bot.
Mag. CXL. t. 8569 (1914).

in aspect from Lindley's type. Whether or not the real R. macrophylla Lindley
occurs in China is problematical, but certainly its nearest ally is the Rose we refer to
R. Davidii Cr^pin. Several of the Chinese Roses considered by botanists to be R.
macrophylla Lindley are probably distinct species, but without having seen the
specimens it is impossible to refer them to their proper species. To us it is obvious
that in the mountainous parts of China there is a group of Roses of which the
Himalayan R. macrophylla liindley may be said to represent one extreme form.
The members of this group possess certain distinctive characters by which they may
be recognized. In the present imperfect state of our knowledge it appears to us
best to regard them as distinct species.

324 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Rosa macropkylla, var. crasseaculeata M. de Vilmorin in Jour. Hort. Soc,
Land. XXVil. 487, figs. 135, 136 (1902-03).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, upland thickets, alt. 2000-2600 m.,
July and September 1907 (No. 272; bush 1-3 m. tall, flowers pink,
fruit coral-red;) same locality July and October 1901 (Veitch Exped.
Nos. 2409% type, 2109, Seed No. 1047).

This well-marked species -nnth its shoots thickly clad with short, stout, flattened
prickles is local in its distribution, and is known to us only from the northwest
corner of Hupeh and the adjacent region in Szech'uan. The inflorescence varies
considerably in size, being largely dependent upon vigor of growth.

Rosa saturata Baker in Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 503 (1914).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600-2300 m., July
and September 1907 (No. 316; bush 1-2.5 m. tall, flowers rose-red,
fruit coral-red); same locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2086,
flowers pink, rare); without locality, A. Henry (No. 6747). North-
central Szech'uan : Pa-chou, thickets, alt. 1000 m., July 1910 (No.
4646; bush 1-2 m., flowers dark red).

This species is closely related to Rosa banksiopsis Baker, which has smaller leaves
and smaller usually clustered flowers. It is rather rare and is apparently restricted
to northwestern Hupeh and the more northern parts of the Red Basin of Szech'uan.

Rosa Sweginzowii Koehne in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. VIII. 22 (1910) ;
in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XIX. 95, fig. 2 (1910) ; m Fedde, Rep.
Spec. Nov. XI. 531, fig. 3 (1913).

Western Szech'uan : Ta-p'ao-shan, northeast of Tachien-lu,
thickets, alt. 3000-3300 m., July 4, 1908 (No. 3584; bush 2-4 m. tall,
flowers deep rose); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, thickets, alt.
2300-3600 m., June 1908 (No. 3588; bush 3-5 m., flowers deep rose);
neighborhood of Sungpan Ting, alt. 3000 m., August 27, 1910 (No.
4028); same locality, alt. 2500-2600 m., September 1903 (Veitch
Exped. Seed No. 1447; bush 1-2 m. tall). Kansu: Mm-chou, alt.
3000 m., 1911, W. Purdom.

This Rose is closely related to R. setipoda Hemsley & Wilson, and is perhaps
nothing but a geographical form of that species distinguished by its more hairj- leaves,
smaller inflorescence, and by its rounder flowers with shorter calyx-lobes. No.
4028, from Sungpan, differs from the type in the absence of bristles on the fruit and
pedicels and in the unarmed branches, but the plants raised from seed collected in
1903 in the same locality have setose pedicels and receptacles and the branches are
armed with broad prickles. No. 3584 from the Ta-p'ao-shan differs in the slenderer
prickles and the small broader, sometimes nearly orbicular leaflets. In all speci-
mens except Purdom's the leaflets are simply or nearly simply serrate, but the young
plants raised from seed have doubly serrate leaflets.

ROSACEAE. — RCSA 325

Rosa Moyesii Hemsley & Wilson in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1906,
159. —Garden, LXXII. 313, fig. (1908). — Hemsley in Bot. Mag.
CXXXVI. t. 8338 (1910). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 229, t. fig. 74
(1911). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 435, fig. (1914).

Rosa macrophylla, f. parce glandulosa Focke in Not. Bot. Card. Edinburgh, V.

69 (1911).
Rosa macrophylla, f. gracilis Focke, 1. c. (pro parte) (1911), quoad No. 4442.

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2600-3300 m.,
June and October 1908, October 1910 (Nos. 1289, 41 11, 4098; bush
2-4 m. tall, flowers dark red, fruit orange-scarlet) ; same locality, July
1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3543, type) ; northeast of Tachien-lu, thick-
ets, alt. 2300-3600 m., July 9 and September 1908 (No. 1056; bush
2-6 m., flowers deep rose, fruit orange-scarlet) ; west of Kuan Hsien,
Pan-lan-shan, thickets, alt. 2300-3300 m., October 1910 (Nos. 41 11,
4309; bush 2.5-5 m., fruit orange-red); same locality, Niu-tou-shan,
alt. 2300 m., June 21, 1908 (No. 3587; bush 1-2.5 m., flowers deep rose).
Yunnan: Lichiang range, alt. 3000-3300 m., June 1906, G. Forrest
(No. 2402); TaU range, alt. 2000-2400 m., June 1906, G. Forrest
(No. 4442).

This is a very common species in the mountain thickets of extreme western Sze-
ch'uan between 2000 and 4000 m. altitude. The flowers vary considerably in color,
and the pedicels and calyx-tube are smooth or densely stipitate-glandular. The
typical form, which has dark red flowers, is abundant in the upland thickets round
Tachien-lu and is one of the most beautiful of Roses. This species is closely related
to a Rose found in the Sikkim Himalaya at 3300 m. alt. and which we think may
be R. Hoffmeisteri Klotzsch. However, until the flora of the regions between
western Szech'uan and Sikkim is known it appears to us best to consider
them distinct species. M. de Vilmorin's Rosa macrophylla, var. ruhrostaminea
(in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. XXVII. 490, fig. 139 [1902-03]) is doubtless referable to
one of the numerous color forms of Rosa Moyesii, or to the following variety.

Rosa Moyesii, f. rosea Rehder & Wilson, n. f.

A typo recedit floribus pallide roseis. Foliola ovato-elliptica, subtus
ad costam adpresse pilosa, 2-5 cm. longa.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 2000-3000 m., June,
July and October 1908 (Nos. 1123, type, 1123^, 359©; bush 1.5-5 m.,
flowers pink to rose, fruit scarlet) ; Wa-shan, woodlands, alt. 2300-3000
m., October 1908 (No. 1104; bush 2.3 m., fruit orange-red); same lo-
cality, alt. 3150 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. 3544; bush 1-2.5 m.,
flowers pink) ; Hung-ya Hsien, Ta-p'ao-shan, thickets, alt. 3000-3300
m., September 15, 1908 (No. 931; bush 1-1.5 m., fruit scarlet); west
of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, thickets, alt. 2000-2600 m., June and

326 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

October 1908 (Nos. 3589, 3586; bush 2.5-5 m.; flowers pale rose color,
fruit scarlet); west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 2000-
2600 m., June, July and September 1908, October 1910 (Nos. 1062,
4028X; bush 4 m., flowers pale pink, fruit scarlet).

This handsome Rose is abundant in the thickets and on the margin of woods
in the regions east of Tachien-lu, where the type is common. With its large pale
pink flowers and large leaves this form looks very distinct from the type.

Rosa Murielae Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex 1.5-3 m. altus; rami satis graciles, erecti v. patentes, glabri,
rubescentes, saepe cinerascentes et dense setosi, aculeis sparsis gracili-
bus rectis basi leviter dilatatis 3-6 mm. longis muniti v. interdum
inermes. Foha 9-15-foliolata, petiolo incluso 4-15 cm., plerumque
8-10 cm. longa; foliola membranacea, breviter petiolulata, elliptica
V. elliptico-oblonga, rarius ovata v. ovalia, acuta v. obtusiuscula, ple-
r7imque apiculata, basi late cuneata v. rotundata, simpliciter serrata
et plerumque margine leviter revoluta, dentibus leviter incurvis v.
porrectis manifeste glanduloso-mucronatis v. fere aristatis, 1-4 cm.,
plerumque 1.5-2 cm. longa et 0.5-1.5, plerumque 0.8-1 cm. lata, supra
glabra, saturate viridia, subtus pallidiora, glabra costa media adpresse
pilosa excepta, utrinsecus nervis 4-7 subtus leviter elevatis v. fere
obsoletis, venulis obsoletis; petioh 0.8-2 cm., plerumque 1-1.2 cm.
longi ut rhachis villosi et sparse aciculati, interdum sparse stipitato-
glandulosi; stipulae adnatae, membranaceae, 0.6-1 cm. longae, in
foHis inferioribus latae, in superioribus satis angustae, auriculis triangu-
laribus patentibus acutis v. acuminatis, glabrae, margine sparse glan-
duloso-ciliatae v. fere nudae. Flores albi, 2-3 cm. diam., in corymbis
umbelliformibus, 3-7-floris, breviter pedunculatis; bracteae et bracte-
olae lanceolatae v. ovato-lanceolatae, acuminatae, 8-10 mm. longae,
mox deciduae; pedicelli filiformes, 1.5-4.5 cm., plerumque 3 cm. longi,
breviter villosuli v. fere glabri, saepe stipitato-glandulosi; receptacu-
lum ellipsoideum, glabrum v. apice villosulum; sepala ovata, circiter
5 mm. longa, subito in acumen foliaceum 6-10 mm. longum contracta,
integra, extus dense villosula v. fere glabra; petala orbiculari-obovata,
rotundata v, emarginata, circiter 1 cm. longa; stamina numerosa, an-
theris basi leviter divergentibus; styli 8-10, leviter exserti, staminibus
multo breviores, dense villosi. Fructus ellipsoideus, apice in coUum
constrictus, 1.2-1,8 cm. longus et 0.6-1 cm. diam., aurantiaco-ruber,
sepalis erectis persistentibus coronatus.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 2300-2800 m., June

EOSACEAE. — KOSA 327

and October 1908 (No. 1134, type); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-
shan, thickets, alt. 2300-3800 m., June 1908, October 1910 (Nos. 3582,
4312); west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 2300-2600 m.,
July 1908 (No. 3580); Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2800 m., July 1903,
July and October 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3535% 3535, Seed No.
1841).

This pretty and distinct species is perhaps most closely related to R. persdosa
Rolfe, which is a much more vigorous plant with very densely setose stems, larger
leaves of fewer differently shaped leaflets, much branched, many-flowered corymbs
of pink flowers and globose fruit. It may also be compared with R. sertata Rolfe,
which has pink flowers on shorter pedicels, large bracts and bractlets, leaves
composed of fewer, differently shaped leaflets, stems slightly and rarely setose and
globose fruit. This new species is not uncommon in the upland thickets of the
Chino-Thibetan borderland, and it is the only Rose in this group we have met with
which has white flowers. No. 4312 has smaller and more oval leaflets and smaller
fruits and may possibly represent a distinct variety. No. 3580 resembles No.
4312 in the shape of the leaflets, and the flowers are described as pink.

It is named for my daughter Muriel. (E. H. W.)

Rosa sertata Rolfe in Bot. Mag. CXXXIX. t. 8473 (1913). — Os-
borne in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, LIV. 166, fig. 63 (1913). — Willmott, Gen.
Rosa, II. 493 (1914). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 443
(1914).

Rosa Webbiana Vilmorin & Bois, Frut. Vilmorin. 93 (non Wallich) (1904).
Rosa macrophylla, f. gracilis Focke in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 69
(1911), No. 4442 excluso.

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
June 1910 (No. 3593; bush 1-1.5 m. tall, flowers rose-red) ; Fang Hsien,
thickets, alt. 1600-2300 m., June and October 1910 (Nos. 4417, 4643,
4645; bush 1-2.5 m. tall, flowers pink, fruit orange-red) ; same locality,
July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2325; bush 2 m. tall, flowers pink);
without locality, A. Henry (No. 6997). Eastern Szech'uan:
Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5679). Western Szech'uan: with-
out precise locality, alt. 300-1300 m., October 1904 (Veitch Exped.
Seed No. 1492; bush 0.6-2 m. tall, flowers pink). Kansu : Min-chou,
alt. 2600-3000 m., 1911, W. Purdom. Yunnan : Tali valley, alt. 2000
m., June 1906, G. Forrest (Nos. 4445, 4447) ; eastern flank of the Tali
range, alt. 2100-2400 m., June 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4453).

This pretty Rose with its small flowers is common on the mountain slopes of
western Hupeh, but is rare in western Szech'uan. None of our specimens have
flowers as large as those figured in the Botanical Magazine. A specimen collected on
" Thae-pei-san," in Shen.si by G. Giraldi, in September 1897, may belong here.

328 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Rosa multibracteata Hemsley & Wilson in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform.
1906, 157. — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 209 (1911).

Rosa reducta Baker in Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 489, fig. 158 (1914).

Western Szech'uan: south of Sungpan Ting, valley of Min
River, alt. 2300-2600 m., August and September 1910 (Nos. 4642,
4026; bush 1-2 m., flowers pink, fruit orange-red) ; Wen-ch'uan Hsien,
valley of Min River, alt. 1600-2000 m., September 1908 (No. 1053,
Seed No. 1055; bush 2 m. tall, fruit orange-red); west and near
Wen-ch'uan Hsien, alt. 2600-3000 m., October 1910 (No. 4197; bush
2-3 m. tall, fruit orange-red); without locality, May 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3542"^; bush 2 m. tall, flowers pink).

This Rose is very common in the valley of the Min River from Wen-ch'uan
Hsien to Sungpan Ting, but is rare elsewhere. The typical form with its paniculate
corymbs and crowded bracts is very distinct, but depauperate forms with the
inflorescence reduced to a solitary flower are difficult to distinguish from R.
Wilhnoltiae Hemsley; the calyx and fruit, however, are always stipitately glan-
dular, the calyx is persistent, and the styles are more or less exserted. Baker
founded his R. reducta on plants raised from our No. 1053, which is one of these
depauperate forms. Solitary to many-flowered inflorescences can be found on the
same plant, and their size appears to depend largely upon the vigor of the branch.

Rosa Giraldii Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1897, 232. — Pampanini
in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 294 (1910).

Shensi : " Monte Kan-y-san ad ouest del Lao-y-san," June 11-12,
1897, G. Giraldi.

Rosa Giraldii, f. glabriuscula Rehder & Wilson, n. f.

A typo recedit foliis glabris pilis sparsis subtus ad costam exceptis.

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600-2300 m., June
1910 (No. 4644, type); same locality, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No.
2325^).

This is a shrub from 1.5-2 m. tall with small rosy-pink flowers and is distinguished
from the type by its leaflets, which are glabrous except for a few straight appressed
hairs on the lower surface of the midrib.

Rosa Giraldii, var. venulosa Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliolis subtus manifeste reticulato-venosis supra
interdum glabris v. fere glabris.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m.,
June and November 1907 (No. 628, type); Paokang Hsien, thickets,
June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1953). Western Szech'uan: with-
out precise locality, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3533).

HOSACEAE. — ROSA 329

This variety is distinguished from the type by its leaflets, which are very markedly
reticulate on the under side. In the No. 3533 the leaflets are glabrous or nearly
so on the upper surface. This new variety is a bush 1.5-2.5 m. tall, with pink
flowers and ovoid, scarlet, subsessile fruit.

Rosa Prattii Hemsley in Jour. Ldnn. Soc. XXIX. 307, fig. 30
(1892). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 161 (1911).

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2600-3000 m.,
June and October 1908, October 1910, Nos. 1254, 1244, 4093; bush
1.5-2.5 m. tall, flowers pink, fruit orange-red to scarlet; same locality,
October 1903 (Veitch Exped. Seed Nos. 1563, 1727; bush 1 m. tall);
same locality, A. E. Pratt (No. 116, type); northeast of Tachien-lu,
Ta-p'ao-shan, thickets, alt. 2300-3000 m., July 3, 1908 (No. 3581;
bush 2-2.5 m. tall, flowers deep rose-pink); Wa-shan, thickets, alt.
2600-3300 m., July and October 1908 (No. 1150; bush 2 m., flowers
pink, fruit scarlet).

This pretty little Rose is common in thickets near Tachien-lu. It may be recog-
nized by its umbellate-cymose inflorescence of 3 to several small flowers and by its
small leaves of 5-7 pairs of small lanceolate to oval or rarely obovate leaflets.
The prickles are straight, aciculate, somewhat dilated at the base, and straw-col-
ored; the shoots are reddish, smooth or strongly setose. The No. 1150 has very
small leaves, composed of oval to suborbicular leaflets, and may possibly represent
a distinct variety.

Rosa Willmottiae Hemsley in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1907, 317;
in Bot. Mag. CXXXIV. t. 8186 (1908). —Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I.
195, t. (1911).

Western Szech'uan: near Monkong Ting, valley of Hsao-chin
Ho, alt. 2300-3060 m., June 1908 (No. 3602; bush 2-2.5 m. tall, flowers
rose-pink); neighborhood of Sungpan Ting, side of streams, alt.
2600-3150 m., August 28, 1910 (Nos. 4009, 4026^; bush 1.5-3 m. tall,
flowers rose-pink, fruit orange-red); west of Tachien-lu, banks of
Yalung River, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 35341 bush 1-2.5 m.
tall).

This Rose is fairly common in the more arid river-valleys of western Szech'uan
and is very abundant in the neighborhood of the city of Sungpan Ting. The
flowers are solitary, or very rarely two together; the fruit is smooth, ovoid,
orange-red with a thin pericarp and large achenes; the calyx is deciduous
from the ripe fruit. The stems are ascending and spreading and much-branched
and glaucescent, and the prickles are reddish when young, occasionally flattened,
somewhat decurrent, and straw-colored when mature. Both in flower and fruit
this is a very pleasing plant. The closely related R. Wcbhiana Wallich has an
elongate, sparsely glandular fruit crowned by a persistent calyx in which the lobes
are very long.

A picture of tliis Rose will be found under No. 0309 in the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

330 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Rosa graciliflora Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex 2-4-metralis, gracilis; rami graciles, annotini fusco-purpurei
V. purpurascentes, aculeis gracilibus sparsis saepe infraaxillaribus ad
1 cm. longis mimiti, interdum fere inermes. Folia membranacea,
9-1 1-, rarius 7-foliolata, 4-10 cm. longa petiolo incluso; foliola breviter
petiolulata, ovalia v. elliptica, apice rotundata, lateralia basi rotun-
data, raro late cuneata, terminale late cuneatum, argute dupliciter v.
partim simpliciter serrata dentibus acuminatis apice glandulosis, 0.6-2
cm. longa et 0.4-1.3 cm. lata, supra laete viridia, glabra, subtus palli-
diora, ad costam mediam sparse adpresse pilosa ceterum glabra, nervis
vix elevatis obsoletis; petioli 1-2 cm. longi, ut rhachis glabri, sparse
V. sparsissime stipitato-glandulosi et aciculis paucis rectis gracilibus ad
3 mm. longis muniti; stipulae 1-1.5 cm. longae, latae, margine glan-
duloso-ciliatae ceterum glabrae, auriculis triangularibus acuminulatis
patentibus. Flores rosei v. pallide rosei, 3.5-4 cm. lati, in apice ramu-
lorum lateralium solitarii; pedicelli graciles, 1.5-3 cm. longi, glandu-
loso-setosi, apicem versus glabrescentes, basi ebracteati; receptaculum
ovoideum v. oblongo-ovoideum, glabrum; sepala ovato-lanceolata, in-
tegra, sensim in acumen longum apice foJiaceum et glanduloso-serrula-
tum producta, tota 1.5-2.5 cm. longa, post florationem patentia; petala
orbiculari-obovata, rotundata v. leviter emarginata, sepalis subaequi-
longa; stamina numerosa, antheris ochraceis ovalibus; capitulum
stigmatum sessile v. fere sessile; styli pilosi. Fructus desideratur.

Western Szech'uan: northeast of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan,
woodlands, alt. 3300-4500 m., July 4, 7, 1908 (No. 3583, type) ; west of
Tachien-lu, Cheto-shan, alt. 3800 m., July 25, 1908 (No. 3583^); same
locality, 1911, John R. Muir.

This Rose has no close relationship with any other Chinese Rose. It somewhat
resembles R. Sweginzowii Koehne, but differs in the slenderer pedicels, in the entire
sepals and chiefly in the absence of the bracts at the base of the pedicel. By the
latter character the species is removed from the group of Cinnamomeae and must
be referred to the Pimpinellifoliae. From R. spinosissima Linnaeus it differs
chiefly in the doubly serrate leaflets and in the elongated receptacle. The fruit is
unknown.

Rosa Hugonis Hemsley in Bot. Mag. CXXXI. t. 8004 (1905). —
Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 186 (1906). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa,
II. 279, t. (1911). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 429, fig.
(1914).

Rosa xanthina Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1897, 233 (non Lindley), exclud.
synon.

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 331

Western Szech'uan: near Mao-chou, valley of Min River, alt.
1300-1600 m., May 25, 1908 (No. 3605; bush 1-2.5 m. tall, flowers pale
to bright yellow).

This is the only species of Rose with yellow flowers known from western China.
Though very local it is abundant in the region mentioned above, where a relatively
warm and dry climate prevails. It commences to flower very early in May and by
the end of the month the flowers have gone; the fruit ripens in July and August
and falls at once. The fruits are dark scarlet, glabrous, strongly depressed-globose,
on slightly reddish pedicels 0.5-1.5 cm. long and crowned with the persistent
calyx-lobes. The prickles vary remarkably in number; some shoots have no prickles
and only a few setae, others have abundant setae and a few prickles only slightly
dilated at base; while others are densely covered with connate, decurrent, thin,
translucent crimson prickles 1.5-2 cm. long with numerous setae between. All
forms can be found on the same bush.

Crepin enumerates specimens collected by Pere Hugh Scallan under bis R.
xanthina Lindley, but his remarks leave no doubt that the Rose is R. Hugonis
which was raised at Kew from seed sent to the British Museum by Father
Hugh. It was also raised from seed sent by Purdom under No. 534 either from
Shensi or Kansu to the Arnold Arboretum.

Rosa omeiensis Rolfe in Bot. Mag. CXXXVIII. t. 8471 (1912). —
Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 438 (1914).

Rosa sericca Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XIV. 151 (non Lindley) (1875),

quoad specimina Przewalskii; XXV. Compt. Rend. 9 (1886); in Bull. Soc.

Bot. Ital. 1897, 234. — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 238 {PI.

Chin. Forrest.) (1912).
Rosa sericea, f. glabrescens Franchet, PI. Dclavay. 220 (1890).
Rosa sericea, f. intermedia Franchet, 1. c. (1890).
Rosa sericea, f. denudata Franchet, 1. c. (1890).
Rosa sericea, f. inermis eglandulosa Focke in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V.

69 {PI. Chin. Forrest.) (1911).
Rosa sericca, f. aculeata eglandulosa Focke, 1. c. 70 (1911).
Rosa Sorbus L6veille in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 338 (1914).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, upland thickets, alt. 2000-3000
m., May 31, August 1907 (No. 179; bush 2-4 m. tall, flowers white,
fruit red); same locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 2094; bush
2 m. tall); without locality, A. Hejiry (No. 6782). Western Sze-
ch'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Niu-tou-shan, woodlands, alt. 2600-
3600 m., June 20, September 1908 (No. 959; bush 3-5 m., flowers
white, fruit scarlet) ; Mupin, thickets, alt. 2300-3300 m., June 1908 (No.
959"; bush 2-5 m. tall, flowers white); Wa-shan, woodlands, alt. 2000-
3600 m., June, July and September 1908 (Nos. 3596, 959''; bush 2-5 m.
tall, flowers white, fruit red); same locality, A. E. Pratt, ex A. Henry
(Nos. 8947, 8961); Tachien-lu, alt. 3000-3600 m., October 1910 (No.
4163; bush 3-6 m. tall); west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, alt. 1600-

332 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

2600 m., July 1908 (No. 3595; bush 2-4 m. tall, flowers white);
Sungpan Ting, alt. 2600-3300 m., August 27, 1910 (No, 4012; bush
1-1.5 m. tall, fruit scarlet with orange-red fleshy peduncle); Mt. Omei,
June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4879); same locality, alt. 3500 m., E.
Faher (No. 528); without locality, alt. 1300-4000 m., July and Sep-
tember 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3546). Yunnan: Sung-kwei, Ho-
ching-cho and Lichiang Fu valleys, alt. 2100-3000 m., April 1906, G.
Forrest (No. 2022); Lichiang range, alt. 2800-3300 m., June 1906, G.
Forrest (No. 2256) ; side valleys on the eastern flank of the Tali valley,
alt. 2400-2700 m., June-July 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4448) ; easternflank
of the Tali range, alt. 2100-2400 m., G. Forrest (No. 4451). Kansu :
Min-chou, alt. 2600-3000 m., 1911, W. Purdom. Shensi: " Kian-
san," August 4, 1897, G. Giraldi; " Kin-tou-san," July 11, 1897, G.
Giraldi.

This Rose is abundant in upland thickets, on the margins of woods and in forest
glades everywhere on the higher mountain ranges of western Hupeh and Szech'uan.
In certain characters it is extremely variable. The shoots are smooth or densely
setose; the prickles are fairly numerous or wanting, and are only shghtly dilated
at the base or are strongly decurrent and extend the full length of the internode.
The leaves sometimes have up to eight pairs of leaflets and thus exceed in num-
ber of leaflets those of any other Rose; the leaflets are nearly glabrous or silkily
pubescent on the under surface. In a general way it may be said that the more
exposed the situation in which the plant is growing the smaller the leaves, the larger
the prickles and the more abundant the setae. The flowers are always white and
soUtary with four or very rarely with five petals, and the foot-stalk of the fruit
is always thickened, fleshy and brightly colored. It is this last character together
with the greater number of leaflets that at once distinguishes this species from
Rosa sericea Lindley, which has not yet been found in China. The specimens from
Yunnan have fewer and broader generally only 3 to 5 pairs of leaflets and resemble
in this character the Himalayan R. sericea, but the stalks of the fruit are apparently
fleshy. In Lindley's plant the foot-stalk of the fruit is slender and not thickened or
fleshy, and the leaves never have more than five pairs of leaflets. It is a native of
the western Himalaya, and the eastern limits of its range are not yet clearly de-
fined. We should not be surprised to learn of Rosa omeiensis Rolfe being found as
far west as Sikkim.

Rosa omeiensis, f. pteracantha Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Rosa sericea Cr^pin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXV. Compt. Rend. 9 (non Lind-
ley) (1886), quoad specimen No. 861. — M. de Vilmorin in Jour. Hart.
Soc. Lond. XXVII. 490, fig. 140 (1902-03).

Rosa sericea, f. pteracantha Franchet, PI. Delavay. 220 (1890). — Focke in
Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 70 (PI. Chin. Forrest.) (1911).

Rosa sericea friictu rubra aculeis decurrentibus Vilmorin & Bois, Frut. Vilmorin.
99, fig. (1904).

Rosa sericea, var. pteracantha in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXVIII. 260, figs. 98,
99 (1905). — Bean inGarden, LXIX. 294, t. (1906); Trees & Shrubs Brit.
Isl. 11. 442 (1914). — Hutchinson in Bot. Mag. CXXXIV. t. 8218 (1908).

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 333

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, woodlands, alt. 3000-3600 m.,
October 1910 (Nos. 4095, 4118; bush 1-2 m. tall, fruit scarlet); Chien-
chi Hsien, Ta-hsiang-ling, open country, alt. 2000-2800 m., May 1908
(No. 3597; bush 1.5 m. tall, flowers white); west of Romi-chango,
thickets, alt. 2300-3300 m., July 3, 1908 (No. 3594) bush 1-3 m. tall,
fruit red).

This form is very common on the windswept mountain-sides of western Szech'uan,
especially near the village of Nitou in Chien-chi Hsien at the extreme western
limit of the Red Basin of Szech'uan. The leaflets have usually a more prominent
venation, and the fruit has usually a shorter foot-stalk than in the type, but these
characters vary. Decurrent prickles are an inherent character in the species and
may occur on any vigorous shoot; moreover, a parent plant may be almost without
prickles, and seedhngs raised from it may have large decurrent prickles. Such a vari-
able and unstable character, though very striking, has no real taxonomic value.

CONSPECTUS SECTIONUM ET SPECIERUM SINENSIUM.

ClAVIS SECTIONUM.

Styli connati in columnam exsertam plerumque stamina aequantem.

Sect. 1. SYNSTYLAE.
Styli liberi, vix v. interdum breviter exserti.
Stipulae basi tantum v. interdum fere ad medium petiolo adnatae, saepe
lacinatae.
Ramuh glabri. Folia 3-5-foIiolata; stipulae integrae, deciduae.

Receptaculum nudum; flores umbellati. Stipulae subulatae, integrae; folia

3-5-foUolata Sect. 2. BANKSIANAE.

Receptaculum setosum : flores solitarii. Stipulae denticulatae; folia 3-folio-

lata Sect. 3. LAEVIGATAE.

RamuU et receptaculum tomentosa. Foha 7-9-foholata; stipulae pectinatae,
interdum ad medium adnatae. Flores sohtarii v. pauci.

Sect. 4. BRACTEATAE.
Stipulae totae auriculis liberis exceptis petiolo adnatae, non laciniatae.
Flores corymbosi, si solitarii, pedunculis basi bractea v. bracteis suffultis.
Receptaculum aculeatum, depresso-globosum. Stipulae angustae auriculis
subulatis. Sepala exteriora pinnata. . Sect. 5. MICROPHYLLAE.
Receptaculum nudum v. hispidum. Stipulae plerumque latae. Sepala ple-
rumque Integra.
Styli exserti, liberi, plerumque dimidia stamina aequantes. Foha 3-7-folio-

lata, persistentia v. subpersistentia Sect. 6. INDICAE.

Styli non v. raro paullo exserti. Foha 5-15-foliolata.

Sect. 7. CINNAMOMEAE.
Flores solitarii, pedicello basi ebracteato.
Petala 5.

FoUola 5-7 in ramuUs floriferis. Rami aculeis plerumque recurvis validis
muniti, setis destitutis. Sepala plerumque pinnata; petala lutea.

Sect. 8. LUTEAE.

Foliola plerumque 9 in ramulis floriferis. Rami aculeis rectis gracilibus

setis intermixtis muniti. Sepala Integra; petala, alba, rosea v. lutea.

Sect. 9. PIMPINELLIFOLIAE.
Petala 4, alba; sepala Integra; styli leviter exserti. Fohola 5-17.

Sect. 10. SERICEAE.

334 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Sect. 1. SYNSTYLAE DC.

Clavis specierum.

Stipulae pectinatae v. irregulariter dentatae.
Foliola 7-9.

Styli glabri. Foliola acuta v. acuminata, 2-4 cm. longa, rarius minora et

obtusa; stipulae pectinatae 1. R. multiflora.

Styli pilosi. Foliola obtusa, 1-2.5 cm. longa; stipulae irregulariter dentatae.

2. R. Wichuraiana.
Foliola plerumque 3, lanceolata; stipulae irregulariter dentatae.

3. R. anemoniflora.
Stipulae integrae, saepe glanduloso-ciliatae.

Folia 5-9-foliolata.

Foliola acuta v. acuminata, 3-10 cm. longa. Frutices saepe sarmentosi.
Foliola subtus saltern pubescentia.

Fructus subglobosus, circiter 1 cm. longus. Folia subtus tota facie
pubescentia.
Foliola utrinque fere laevia.

Foliola plerumque 7, supra pubescentia. Hamuli saepe puberuli.

4. R. Brunonii.
Foliola plerumque 5, supra glabra, argute grosse-serrata. Ramuli

glabri 5. R. Ruhus.

Foliola subtus reticulata, supra rugosa, ad 10 cm. longa. Corymbus

compactus, multiflorus Q. R. glomerata.

Fructus ovoideus, circiter 1.5 cm. longus. Foliola subtus praecipue ad
costam et venas pubescentia. Corymbus multiflorus . 7. R. Helenae.
Foliola glabra v. fere glabra.

Foliola subtus glaucescentia v. pallida. Fructus subglobosus, circiter 1

cm. longus.

Pedicelli graciles, 2-3 cm. longi. Folia subtus glandulosa 8. R. filipes.

Pedicelli 1.5-2 cm. longi. Folia subtus eglandulosa . 9. R. Geniiliana.

Foliola subtus viridia, subcoriacea, plus minusve reticulata. Fructus

ovoideus, 1.5-2 cm. longus \0. R. longicuspis.

Foliola obtusa v. acutiuscula, 1-2.5 cm. longa, glabra, glaucescentia. Frutex

erecto-patens 11. R. Soulieana.

Folia 3-5-foliolata, glabra, obtusa v. obtusiuscula: inflorescentia umbelliformis.

12. R. irridens.
Enumeratio specierum.
1. Rosa multiflora Thunberg. See p. 304.

Rosa multiflora, var. cathayensis Rehder & Wilson. See p. 304.

Rosa multiflora, var. camea Thory. See p. 305.

Rosa multiflora, var. camea, f. platyphylla Rehder & Wilson. See p. 306.

Rosa multiflora, var. brachyacantha Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Rosa damascena, f . floribus semiplenis Focke in Not. \Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V.

67 (1911).
Rosa damascena, f. brachyacantha Focke, 1. c. (1911).

Yunnan : open situations around the city of Tali, G. Forrest (No. 4444); shady
situations around the city of Tah, alt. 2000 m., June, July 1906, G. Forrest (No.
4449, in part).

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 335

The specimens quoted above cannot be referred to R. damascena Linnaeus; the
pectinate stipules and the exserted styles connate into a glabrous column show their
close relationship to R. multiflora. They are apparently nearest to R. multiflora,
var. cathaycnsis, but differ in the underside of the leaflets being covered with a
soft villose pubescence, in their more crenate serration and in the color of the
flowers being sometimes white.

Rosa multiflora, var. quelpaertensis Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

Rosamokanensis Lfiveilld in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. VII. 340 (1909). — Will-

mott, Gen. Rosa, II. 511, t. (1914).
Rosa quelpaertensis L6veille in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 378 (1912).
Rosa mokanensis, var. quelpaertensis Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 512, t. (1914).

Korea: Fusan, May 17, 1906, C/. i^aurie (No. 325). Korean Archipelago:
Quelpaert, Mokan, June 8, 1908, Taquct (Nos. 770, in part, 778 (ex Leveill^), type
of R. mokanensis) ; Quelpaert, Hogno, May and June 1909, Taquet (Nos. 2870,
type of R. quelpaertensis, 2871).

This variety differs from the type chiefly in its much smaller, usually obovate
leaflets rounded at the apex and in its smaller flowers. In its general appearance it
resembles the following species, but is easily distinguished by the pectinate stipules,
the thinner, lighter green leaflets not lustrous above and by the pubescent styles.
Taquet's No. 770 consists partly of R. Wichuraiana and partly of this variety,
and his No. 772 consists of R. Wichuraiana and a form intermediate between var.
quelpaertensis and typical R. multiflora.

2. Rosa Wichuraiana Cr^pin in Bull. Sac. Bot. Belg. XXV. 189 (1886).'— Sargent
in Garden & Forest, IV. 570, fig. 89 (1891). — Mottet in Rev. Hort. 1898, 104, fig.
45-46. — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 540, fig. 319 h-h^ 320 c (1905). —
Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 59, t. (1910).

Rosa sempervirens Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Milnch. IV. pt. 2, 20

{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 128) (non Linnaeus) (1845). — Miquel in Ann. Mus.

Lugd.-Bat. III. 39 (1867) ; Prol. Fl. Jap. 227.
Rosa moschataBenthsim, Fl. Hongk. 106 (1861), quoad plantamhongkongensem.
Rusa Luciae Franchet & Rochebrune apud Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. X.

323 (pro parte) (1871). — Franchet & Savatier, Eniim. PI. Jap. I. 135 (pro

parte) (1872); II. 344 (pro parte) (1879). — Crepin in Biill. Soc. Bot. Belg.

XIII. 251 {Prim. Monog. Ros. 258) (pro parte) (1874); XVIII. 285 {Prim.

Monog. Ros. 531) (pro parte) (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.

251 (1887). — Hooker f., in Bot. Mag. CXXl. t. 7421 (1895). — Nakai in

Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXVI. art. 1, 208 {Fl. Kor.) (1909).
Rosa Wichuraiana, )3 fimbriata Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. II. 344

(1879).
Rosa Wichuraiana, y poteriifolia Franchet & Savatier, 1. c. (1879).
Rosa Wichuraiana, 8 adenophora Franchet & Savatier, 1. c. 345 (pro parte)

(1879).
Rosa Wichuraiana, t crataegicarpa Franchet & Savatier, 1. c. (1879).
Rosa Wichuraiana, C yokoscensis Franchet & Savatier, I. c. (1879).

Shantung: Chifu, H. Wawra (ex Crepin). Kwangtung: //. F. Hance (ex
Hemsley). Hongkong: W. A. Harland {ex Hemsley). K\va,ngsi: G. M. Play-
fair (ex Hemsley). Formosa: R. Oldham (No. 97). Korean Archipelago:
Quelpaert, U. Faurie (Nos. 1566, 1568), Taquet (Nos. 770, in part, 772, in part,
2864, 2865, 2866, 2867).

336 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

We have seen no specimens of this Rose from China, but it is safe to assume that
the Chinese plant belongs to R. Wichuraiana and not to R. Luciae Franchet &
Rochebrune which seems to be confined to central Japan, as Cr^pin identifies the
plant from Chifu with R. Luciae, var. poteriifolia Franchet & Savatier, which be-
longs to R. Wichuraiana.

3. Rosa anemoneflora Fortune apud Lindley in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. II. 316
(1847). — Herincq in Rev. Hort. ser. 3, III. 281 (1849). — Walpers, Ann. III. 845
(1853). — Crcpin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXll. pt. 2, 46 (1883). — Hemsley in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIIl. 247 (1887). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 67, t. (1910).

Rosa sempervirens, ^ anemoniflora Regel, Te7it. Ros. Monog. 83 (1877) ; in Act.
Hort. Petrop. V. 2, 367 (1878).

Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongk. Herb. Nos. 2638, 2639).

Dunn's specimens have single flowers, while the form originally described by
Lindley has the stamens converted into narrow petals quite distinct from the outer
whorl of normal petals.

4. Rosa Brunonii Lindley. See p. 306.

5. Rosa Rubus L6veille. See p. 308.

6. Rosa glomerata Rehder & Wilson. See p. 309.

7. Rosa Helenae Rehder & Wilson. See p. 310.

8. Rosa filipes Rehder & Wilson. See p. 311.

9. Rosa Gentiliana L6veill6. See p. 312.

Rosa Gentiliana, var. australis Rehder & Wilson, n. var.
A typo recedit foliis angustioribus plerumque oblongo-lanceolatis sensim acu-
minatis plus minusve falcatis, 2.5-6 cm. longis, corymbis pauci- v. plurifloris.
Rosa Brunonis Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 115 (non Walhch) (1873).
Rosa moschala Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 96
{Ft. Kwanglung & Hongk.) (non Miller) (1912).

Fokien : without locahty, Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Herb. Bot. Gard.
Hongk. No. 2641).

The narrower and smaller more or less curved leaflets and fewer-flowered corymbs
serve to distinguish this variety. Had we more material other differences might
be apparent. It is possible that the Rosa alba Loureiro (Fl. Cochin. 323 [1790])
belongs here.

10. Rosa longicuspis Bertoloni. See p. 313.

Miss Willmott (Gen. Rosa, 1. 52 [1910]) says that Rosa LeschenauUiana Wight &
Arnott has been found in Yunnan by Henry, and Dunn (Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX.
486 [1911]) cites Henry No. 10693 as belonging to that species. In this herbarium
this number of Henry's from " Feng-chen-lin, mountain forests, south of Red River,
7000 ft., climber, white flowers," in our opinion does not belong to Rosa Leschenaul-
tiana Wight & Arnott, and is distinguished by its straight prickles, its long thread-
like petiolules and by its even serration with glandular-ciliolate teeth. It is
probably an undescribed species most closely allied to Rosa longicuspis Bertoloni,
but the material is too incomplete to determine this. Some of the flowers have
more than five petals and suggest a garden escape, but this, considering the remote
region in Yunnan where the specimen was collected, is unlikely. That a species
of Rose native of the Nilghiri and Pulney mountains of southern India should occur
in any part of China seems highly improbable.

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 337

11. Rosa Soulieana Cr^pin. See p. 314.

12. Rosa irridens Focke apud Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 237 (PL
Chin. Forrest.) (1912).

/. R. Banksiae verosimile hybrida. R. irridens, form, nov., on R. Banksiae x
Soulieana Focke in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 66 (PI. Chin. Forrest.)
(1911).

Yunnan: Tali range, G. Forrest (No. 4443, pro parte; ex Focke).
We have seen no specimens of this Rose, as Forrest's No. 4443 in the herbarium
of the Arnold Arboretum consists of branchlets of R. Banksiae, var. normalis only.

To the section Synslylae probably belongs R. macrophylla, var. hypoleuca Leveille,
Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 354 (nomen nudum) (1915), which according to the key has
exserted styles connate into a column, few-flowered corymbs and leaves glaucous
below.

Sect. 2. BANKSIANAE.
Clavis specierum.

Inflorescentia corymbosa; sepala exteriora pinnata 13. 72. microcarpa.

Inflorescentia umbellata; sepala integra 14. i2. Banksiae.

Enumeratio specierum.

13. Rosa microcarpa Lindley. See p. 314.

14. Rosa Banksiae Aiton. See p. 316.

Rosa Banksiae, f. normalis Regel. See p. 317.
Rosa Banksiae, f. lutescens Voss. See p. 317.

Sect. 3. LAEVIGATAE Thory.

15. Rosa laevigata Michaux. See p. 318.

Sect. 4. BRACTEATAE Thory.

16. Rosa bracteata Wendland, Obs. 50 (1798) ; Hort. Herrenh. IV. 7, t. 23
(1801). — Ventenat, Jard. Cels. t. 28 (1800). — Jacquin, Fragm. 30, t. 34, fig. 2
(1809). — Sims in Bot. Mag. XXXIV. t. 1377 (1811). — Thory in Redouts, Roses,

I. 35, t. (1817). — Lindley, Monog. 10 (1820). — Seringe in De Candolle, Prodr.

II. 602 (1825). — Cr6pin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XIV. 2, 137 (Prim. Monog. Ros.
341) (1875). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 249 (1887). — Schneider,

III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 586, fig. 330 1, 331 o-p^ (1906). — Willmott, Gen.
Rosa, I. 125, t. (1911).

Rosa lucida Lawrence, Roses, t. 84 (non Ehrhart) (1799).
Rosa Macartnea Dumont de Courset, Bot. Cult. V. 460 (1805).
Rosa sinica, jS Braamiana Regel, Tent. Ros. Monog. 43 (1877); in Act. Hort.
Petrop. V. 327 (1878).

Fokien: Dunn's expedition to central Fokien, April to June 1905 (Hongkong
Herb. No. 2636). Chekiang: G. Staunton, R. Oldham (ex llemsley).

Sect. 5. MICROPHYLLAE Cr6p.

17. Rosa Roxburghii Trattinnick. See p. 319.

Rosa Roxburghii, f. normalis Rchder & Wilson. See p. 319.

338 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Sect. 6. INDICAE Thory.
Clavis specierum.

Flores rubri v. rosei, vix v. leviter fragrantes; sepala plerumque pinnata. Fructua
ovoideus v. pyriformis. Stipulae glanduloso-ciliatae . . . . IS. R. chinensis.

Flores albi, v. pallida rosei v. flavescentes, f ragrantissimi ; sepala integra v. interdum
sparse pinnata. Fructus depresso-globosus. Stipulae eglandulosae v. auriculis
sparse gland uloso-ciliatis 19. R. odorata.

Enumeratio specierum.

18. Rosa chinensis Jacquin. See p. 320.

Rosa chinensis, f. spontanea Rehder & Wilson. See p. 320.

19. Rosa odorata Sweet, Hort. Suburb. Lond. 119 (1818).
Rosa mdica odorata Andrews, Roses, II. t. 77 (1810-18?).

Rosa indica fragrans Thory in Redoute, Roses, I. 61, t. 19 (1817).

Rosa indica, /S odoratissima Lindley, Ros. Monog. 106 (1820); in Bot. Reg. X.

t. 804 (1824). — Regel, Tent. Ros. Monog. 94 (1877); in Act. Hort. Petrop.

V. 358 (1878).
Rosa odoratissima Sweet ex Lindley, Ros. Monog. 106 (pro synon.) (1820).
Rosa Thea Savi, Fl. Hal. II. t. 47 (1822).

Rosa indica, var. ochroleuca Lindley in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. VI. 286 (1826).
Rosa indica sulphurea Andrews, Roses, II. t. 86 (1826-28?).
Rosa fragrans Thory in Redouts, Roses, ed. 3, III. groupe 25, t. [19] (in tab.

tantum) (1835). — K. Koch, Dendr. I. 273 (1869).
Rosa chinensis, a indica Koehne, Deutsch. Dendr. 281 (pro parte) (1893).
Rosa chinensis, var. fragrans Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. IV. 1551 (1902).
Rosa gechouitangensis Leveille in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XI. 299 (1912).
Rosa oulengensis [sic] L6veill6, 1. c. (1912). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 523,

t. (1914).
Rosa tongtchouanensis L6veill6 in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XI. 300 (1912). —

Willmott, Gen. Rosa, II. 523, t. (1914).

Yunnan: " Ge-choui-tang, alt. 2450 m., April 1911," E. E. Maire (type of
R. gechouitangensis Leveill6); "Ou-long, alt. 2500 m., April 1911," E. E. Maire
(type of R. oulengensis Leveill^); " Haies de Tong-tchouan et de La-kou, alt.
2400-2500 m., March and April 1911," E. E. Maire (type of R. tongtchouanensis
Leveill6); Mengtsze, cultivated?, A. Henry (No. 10828; climber, pink flowers).

This Rose in various forms is commonly cultivated in western Yunnan and
doubtless from there has been introduced to other parts of China, notably to the
sea-board; from there it was first taken to Europe and to other parts of the world.
Forms are semi-double or very double and in color are white, yellow, buff or pale
rose-pink or combinations of these colors. The leaves have 5-7 leaflets.

The differences on which Leveille relies for the establishment of his species here
quoted do not hold good in the specimens before us; indeed, so nearly identical
are they that they might have been collected from the same bush.

Rosa odorata, var. gigantea Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

Rosa gigantea CoUett apud Crdpin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXVIl. 148 (1888) ;
in XXVIII. Compt. Rend. 11 (1889); in Gard.Chron. ser. 3, VI. 12, fig. 4
(1889). — CoUett & Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVIII. 55, t. 9 (1890). —
Hemsley in Bot. Mag. CXXX. t. 7972 (1904). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 99,
t. (1911). — Raffill in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, LI. 314, fig. 156 (1912).

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 339

Rosa macrocarpa Watt apud Cr<5pin in Bull. Soc. Bof. Belg. XXVIII. Compt.

Rend. 13 (non M(5rat, nee Nuttall, nee Boissier) (1888). — Hemslcy in Bot.

Mag. CXXX. t. 7972 (pro synon.) (1904). — Willmott, Gen. Rosa, 1. 100

(pro synon.) (1911).
Rosa xanthocarpa Watt apud Willmott, Gen. Rosa, I. 100 (1911).
Rosa Duclouxii L6veill6 in Herb. Arnold Arb. (ex Herb. Acad. Intern.

Geog. Bot.).

Yunnan: Lu-tung-po, between Mengtsze and Szemao, alt. 2600 m., October
1899 (Vcitch Exped. Seed No. 219); Mengtsze, ravines and grassy hills, alt.
1500-1600 m., A. Henry (No. 9098"; large climber); Szemao, alt. 1600 m., A.
Henry (No. 9098"^; large climber, flowers white, fragrant, yellowish in bud); with-
out precise locality, Fr. Ducloux.

This variety is the wild form of the Tea Rose; it is widely dispersed in
southern Yunnan and has been reported from Mengtsze in the east to the fron-
tiers of the Shan States in the extreme southwest. The flowers vary from
white to yellow or pale buff or to pale pink and are delightfully fragrant. In tall
thickets and margins of woods it is a tall and rampant climber, but on the open
plateaus it forms a bush with arching stems and is often not more than 2 m. tall.

Watt states that R. xanthocarpa is a distinct species chiefly distinguished by its
very large yellow fruit.

Rosa odorata, var. gigantea, f. erubescens Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Rosa gigantea, f. erubescens Focke in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 68 (1911).

Yunnan : Lichiang valley, alt. 2500 m.. May 1906, G. Forrest (No. 2049); Tali
valley, alt. 2000-2400 m.. May 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4452).

This form differs from the preceding variety in its pale pink often somewhat
smaller flowers.

Sect. 7. CINNAMOMEAE DC.

Clavis specierum.

Rami tomentosi aeuleis tomentosis et acicuHs muniti. FoUola rugosa, 2-5 cm. longa.

20. R. rugosa.
Rami glabri.

Stipulae, eae turionum saltern, conniventia v. convoluta: aculei curvati.

21. R. davurica.
Stipulae planae.

Foliola 1.5-7 cm. longa, plerumque acuta. Corymbi saepe multiflori.
Corymbi multiflori.

Rami aeuleis tantum muniti v. fere inermes.
Styh non v. vix exserti.

Flores 3.5-5 cm. diam.; pedicelli setosi. Foliola subtus glabra.

22. R. caudata.
Flores 2-3 cm. diam.; pedicelli graciles nudi. Foliola plerumque

subtus pubescentia 23. ^. banksiopsis.

Styli plus minusve exserti, liberi. Foliola subtus pubescentia.

Fohola7-ll, simpliciter serrata. Inflorescentia corymbosa; pedicelli

1.5-3. cm. longi 24. R. Davidii.

Foliola 5-7, plus minusve dupliciter serrata. Inflorescentia subum-
bellata; pedicelh graciles, 2-4 em. longi . . .25. R. corymbulosa.
Rami aeuleis aciculis setosis intermixtis muniti.

t'olia dupliciter, raro simpliciter serrata. Flores circiter 5 cm. diam.;
pedicelli et saepe receptacula glauduloso-setosi . . . 26. R. setipoda.

340 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Folia simpliciter serrata. Flores 2-3 cm. diam. : pedicelli et receptacula

nuda 21. R. persctosa.

Corymbi pauciflori v. flores solitarii in apice ramulorum plerunlque brevium
subaequalium secus ramos annotinos.
Folia subtus glabra. Sepala integra.

Foliola 3-6 cm. longa. Pedicelli solitarii, 1.5-3 cm. longi, saepe glabri.

28. R. saturata.
Foliola 1.5-2.5 cm. longa. Pedicelli 1-3, rarius plures, circiter 1 cm.

longi, setosi 29. i2. hella.

Folia subtus ad costam saltem pubescentia.

Sepala exteriora pinnata v. setoso-ciliata; flores rosei v. rubri.

Rami aculeis robustis et aciculis setosis muniti. Foliola saepe dupli-
citer serrata, ovalia. Pedicelli breves et receptacula glanduloso-

setosa 30. i2. Sweginzowii.

Rami aculeis tantum muniti, turiones in parte inferiore tantum setoso-
aciculati. Foliola simpliciter serrata, ovata v. ovato-oblonga, ple-

rumque acuta. Pedicelli saepe nudi 31. jB. Motjesii.

Sepala integra: flores albi, 2.5-3 cm. diam., plerumque 3, graciliter

pedicellati. Foliola 1-4 cm. longa 32. R. Murielae.

Foliola 1.5 cm. longa v. breviora, obtusa v. acutiuscula (cf. etiam Nos. 29 et
32). Aculei graciles, recti. Flores solitarii v. pauci (saepe multi in No. 35).
Pedicelli graciles, nudi. Folia obtusa, glabra.

Flores rosei. Foliola ovalia v. ovata. Rami aculeis et aciculis muniti.

33. R. sertata.

Flores albi. Foliola orbicularia 34:. R. orbicularis.

Pedicelli breves.
Styli valde exserti stamina aequantes: flores plures, interdum in corymbo

paniculato. Foliola obtusa 35. R. multibracteata.

Styli vix V. paullo exserti.

Rami non pruinosi. Flores plerumque plures. Folia saepe acutiuscula.
Foliola plerumque 7. Rami aculeis uniformibus muniti.

36. R.Giraldii.
Foliola plerumque 1 1 . Rami aculeis et aciculis setosis muniti . Sepala

demum decidua 37. R. Prattii.

Rami juniores pruinosi. Flores plerumque solitarii: sepala demum de-
cidua. Foliola saepe dupliciter serrata, obtusa . 38. R. Willmottiae.

Enumeratio specierum.

20. Rosa rugosa Thunberg. See p. 321.

Rosa rugosa, var. Chamissoniana C. A. Meyer. See p. 321.

21. Rosa davurica Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. pt. 2, 61 (1788). — Lindley, Ros. Monog.
32 (1820). — Cr6pin in Bull. Soc. Bat. Belg. XIV. 33 {Prim. Ros. Monog. 327)
(1875). — Baker & Moore in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVII. 382 (1879). — Franchet in
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s^r. 2, V. 268 (PI. David. I. 116) (1883). — Hemsley in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 249 (1887). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 578,
fig. 327 c, 328 b-ci (1905).

Rosa Willdejiovii Sprengel, Syst. II. 547 (1825).

Rosa dnnamomea, C daurica Meyer in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. PHersbourg, s^r.

6 (Sci. Nat.), VI. 27 {Uber Zimmtros.) (1847).
Rosa dnnamomea, dahuHca Regel, Tent. Ros. Monog. 41 (1877) ; in Act. Hort.

Petrop. V. 325 (1878).

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 341

Chili : west of Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 107, Seed No. 49); near "San-
tun-ying," stony places, May 31, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 973); " Hsaio Wu-tai-
shan," August 20, 1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 105, 1240).

22. Rosa caudata Baker. See p. 321.

23. Rosa banksiopsis Baker. See p. 322.

24. Rosa Davidii Crepin. See p. 322.

Rosa Davidiana, var. elongata Rehder & Wilson. See p. 323.

25. Rosa corymbulosa Rolfe. See p. 323.

26. Rosa setipoda Hemsley & Wilson. See p. 323.

27. Rosa persetosa Rolfe in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1913, 263.

Rosa macrophylla ? forma gracilis Vilmorin & Bois, Frut. Vilmorin. 94 (nomen

nudum) (1904).
Rosa macrophylla, var. acicularis M. de Vilmorin in Jour. Hort. Soc. Land.
XXVII. 487, figs. 137, 138 (1902-03).
Of this Rose we have seen no wild specimens, and we know it only from cultivated
plants sent to the Arnold Arboretum by M. Maurice de Vilmorin, who raised it from
seed received from China.

28. Rosa saturata Baker. See p. 324.

29. Rosa bella Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex erecto-patens, 1-3-metralis ; rami satis graciles, saepe purpurascentes,
aculeis sparsis et infrastipularibus rectis acicularibus basi leviter tantum dilatatis
4-8 mm. longis muniti, rarius fere inermes, turiones basin versus aciculati. Folia
membranacea, 7-9-foliolata, raro 5-foUolata, petiolo incluso 4-9 cm. longa; foliola
breviter petiolulata, elliptica v. ovata, acutiuscula, rarius obtusiuscula, basi rotun-
data, 1-2 cm. longa et 0.6-1.2 cm. lata, simpliciter serrata dentibus mucronulatis
porrectis V. leviter incurvis, supra laete viridia, glabra, subtus glaucescentia, glabra v.
ad costam sparse minute stipitato-glandulosa, utrinsecus nervis 5-6 curvatis subtus
leviter elevatis v. fere obsoletis; petioU 1-2 cm. longi, ut rhachis sparse stipitato-
glandulosi et aciculati; stipulae adnatae, 1-1.5 cm. longae, in ramulis floriferis
latae, in turionibus satis angustae, glabrae margine dense ciliato-glandulosa excepta,
auriculis triangularibus acuminatis v. acuminulatis patentibus. Floras rosei, 4-5 cm.
diam., fragrantes, solitarii v. 2-3 in apice ramulorum brevium terminales; pedicelli
0.5-1 cm. longi basi bracteati bracteis ovatis v. ovato-lanccolatis acuminatis 1-1.5
cm. longis glanduloso-ciliatis, ut receptaculum elUpsoideum v. oblongum stipitato-
glandulosi; sepala ovato-lanceolata in acumen foliaceum attcnuata, integra,
circiter 2 cm. longa, petahs breviora, extus stipitato-glandulosa, intus villosa, post
florationem reflexa, in fructu erecta; alabastra anguste ovata sensim attenuata;
petala late obovata, emarginata, 2-2.5 cm. longa; stamina numerosa, antheris
ovalibus luteis; capitulum stigmaticum sessile. Fructus elliptico-ovatus, satis
sensim in coUum attenuatus, basi plus minusve attenuatus, aurantiaco-scarlatinus,
calyce persistente coronatus, sine calj^ce 1.5-2 cm. longus, glanduloso-setosus.

Shansi : mountains in northwest, April 1910, W. Purdom (No. 314, seeds only).
Cultivated at the Arnold Arboretum; plants raised from Purdom's No. 314: June
17 and Aug. 26, 1914, June 1915 (type).

This pretty Rose seems most closely related to R. Moycsii Hemsley & Wilson,
which is a much more vigorous plant with stout prickles, larger usuallj' more acute
leaflets pubescent beneath, at least on the midrib, globose-ovoid flower-buds
abruptly contracted at the apex, larger flowers and pinnate sepals. It may also
be compared with R. Sweginzowii Koehne, which differs chiefly in its stouter much

342 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

flattened prickles, the usually doubly serrate leaflets more or less pubescent be-
neath, in the globose-ovoid flower-buds and in the pinnate sepals.

Rosa bella, f. pallens Rehder & Wilson, f. n.

A typo recedit floribus pallide roseis.

Shansi : mountains in northwest, April 1910, W. Purdom (No. 314, seeds only,
in part). Cultivated at the Arnold Arboretum; plants raised from Purdom's No.
314, together with those of the type; June 1915, type.

Though this form differs from the type in the pale color of the flowers only, it
seems desirable to distinguish it for horticultural purposes, as both forms are in
cultivation.

30. Rosa Sweginzowii Koehne. See p. 324.

31. Rosa Moyesii Hemsley & Wilson. See p. 325.

Rosa Moyesii, f. rosea Rehder & Wilson. See p. 325.

32. Rosa Murielae Rehder & Wilson. See p. 326.

33. Rosa sertata Rolfe. See p. 327.

34. Rosa orbicularis Baker in Wilhnott, Gen. Rosa, II. 493 (1914).
Yunnan: without precise locahty, Th. Monbeig (ex Baker).

35. Rosa multibracteata Hemsley & Wilson. See p. 328.

36. Rosa Giraldii Cr6pin. See p. 328.

Rosa Giraldii, f. glabriuscula Rehder & Wilson. See p. 328.
Rosa Giraldii, var. venulosa Rehder & Wilson. See p. 328.

37. Rosa Prattii Hemsley. See p. 329.

38. Rosa Willmottiae Hemsley. See p. 329.

Sect. 8. LUTEAE Cr^p.

39. Rosa xanthina Lindley, Ros. Monog. 132 (1820).

Shantung: Shushan, F. N. Meyer, August 23, 1907 (No. 21620, seeds only).
Cultivated at the Arnold Arboretum, raised from seed of Meyer's No. 21620,
with the single-flowered form.

This species was based by Lindley on a Chinese drawing of a double flowered
yellow Rose. This double Rose seems to have remained practically unknown
until it was sent to Washington from Peking by Frank N. Meyer in 1907. At the
Arnold Arboretum it flowered for the first time in 1915.

Rosa xanthina, f. normalis Rehder & Wilson, n. f.
A typo differt floribus simplicibus.

Rosa pimpinellifolia Bunge in Mem. Sav. £tr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, II.

100 {Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 26) (non Linnaeus) (1833). — Hemsley in Jour.

Linn. Soc. XXIII. 253 (1887).
Rosa xanthina Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sdr. 2, V. 269, t. 15, fig. 2

(PL David. I. 117) (non Lindley) (1883).

Shansi: " near Tsin-tse," May 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 414).

We think Franchet is right in considering this the wild form of Rosa xanthina
Lindley. According to Bunge (1. c.) and Bretschneider {Hist. Europ. Bot. Disc.
Chin. 861 [1908]) this Rose is commonly cultivated in Peking gardens. At any rate,

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 343

of the two yellow-flowered Roses found in China this is the one which agrees with
Lindley's brief description. On our specimen the leaflets are obtusely and often
doubly serrate and reticulate on the upper side, with few shining gland dots on the
under side; the prickles are straight, flattened-subulate, 1.5 cm. long, very slightly
dilated at base and very woolly. The nature of its prickles, the absence of setae,
the large flowers and more prominent stipules distinguish this Rose from R. Hugonis
Hemsley.

Rosa Ecae Aitchison (in Jour. Linn. Sac. XVIII. 54 [1880]; in XIX. 161, t. 8
[1882]), which is figured as R. xantUna by Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. CXXV. t. 7666
(1899) and by Miss Willmott {Gen. Rosa, 277, t. [1911]), we consider a distinct spe-
cies. It agrees with our R. xanthina, f . normalis in the absence of setae, but has much
smaller prickles much more dilated at the base and long-pedunculate flowers.
We have seen specimens from the Kew plant which was raised from seed collected
by Aitchison and have specimens from Samarkand (mountains near Kulikalan,
alt. 3000 m., July 10, 1910 [No. 555], and near Pasronte, alt. 2000 m., July 11,
1910 [No. 556]), collected by F. N. Meyer.

From his description we do not think R. platyacantha Schrenk in Bull. Acad.
Sci. St. Petersbourg, X. 254 (1842), collected by him in Songaria, has any relation to
R. Ecae Aitchison or the wild form of Lindley's R. xanthina. In the setae on the
shoots it is near R. Hugonis Hemsley, but the leaflets differ in shape and serrature;
Schrenk does not mention the color of the flowers, and very probably his plant is
only a geographical variant of R. spinosissima Linnaeus.

Sect. 9. PIMPINELLIFOLIAE DC.
Clavis specierum.

Flores rosei, graciliter pedicellati. Foliola duphciter serrata, breviter sed manifeste
petiolulata. Aculei graciles 40. R. graciliflora.

Flores lutei, breviter pedicellati. FoUola simphciter serrata, subsessilia. Aculei
basi valde dilatati 41. iJ. Hugonis.

Enumeratio specierum.

40. R. graciliflora Rehder & Wilson. See p. 330.

41. R. Hugonis Hemsley. See p. 330.

Sect. 10. SERICEAE Cr4p.
Clavis specierum.

Foliola supra glabra, subtus sericea v. glabra, plerumque ovalia v. oblonga, 5-17.

Receptaculumglabrum. Fructus pedicello carnoso aurantiaco. 42. R. omeiensis.
Foliola utrinque sericeo-lanuginosa, plerumque obovata, 5-7. Receptaculum

sericeum 43. /2. Mairei.

Enumeratio specierum.

42. Rosa omeiensis Rolfe. See p. 331.

Rosa omeiensis, var. pteracantha Rehder & Wilson. See p. 332.

43. Rosa Mairei L6veill6 in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XI. 299 (1912). — Willmott,
Gen. Rosa, II. 521 (1914).

344 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Rosa sericea Hemslej' in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 254 (non Lindley) (1887),
quoad specimen Andersonii.

Yunnan : " CoUines arides autour de Tong-chouan," alt. 2600 m., April 1911,
E. E. Maire (type).

This is probably nothing more than a very hairy and small leaved variety of
Rosa omeiensis Rolfe, but in the absence of fruiting specimens and first-hand
knowledge we hesitate to reduce it to varietal rank. The specimens collected in
Manipur by Watt and referred to in the Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXVIII. 261 (1905)
and in the Bot. Mag. CXXXIV. sub. t. 8218 (1908) in all probability belong here.
In the Gray Herbarium are two specimens from the Herb. Griffith (Nos. 2138,
2139) collected on the eastern Himalaya which apparently belong here also.
It is unfortunate that none of the specimens are in fruit.

Subfam. PRUNOIDEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder.

The genera Maddenia and Prunus having been dealt with by E. Koehne on pp.
56-75 and 196-282 of volume I., it remains only to add here three Chinese genera
not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

PYGEUM Gartn.

Pygeum Henryi Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXV. 493 (1903). — Koehne in Bot.
Jahrb. LI. 185 (1913).

Yunnan: Szemao, alt. 1300-1500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12313, 12313% 12313'',

12708).

Pygeum latifolium Miquel is recorded by Hemsley (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.
223) from Hongkong and by Leveille {Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 352) from Kwei-chou, but
Koehne in his synopsis of the genus (Bot. Jahrb. LI. 195) cites only Javanese speci-
mens under P. latifolium and enumerates P. Henryi as the only Chinese species.

DICHOTOMANTHES Kurz.

Dichotomanthes tristaniaecarpa Kurz in Jour. Bot. XI. 195, t. 133, fig. 2
(1873). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 307 (1887); in Hooker's Icon.
XXVII. t. 2653 (1900).

Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1500-1700 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9367% 10255, 10255»).

Dichotomanthes tristaniaecarpa, var. glabrata Rehder, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis initio subtus floccoso-tomentosis mox glabrescentibus, ma-
turitate costa media excepta glabris interdum basi rotundatis apice obtusiuscuUs
mucronulatis.

Yunnan: Szemao, alt. 130O-1500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11959", type, tree 7 m.
tall, fruit red; 11959, shrub 1 m. tall, white flowers).

Except in the glabrescent leaves and a slight difference in their shape this variety
agrees in all its other characters with the type.

PRINSEPIA Royle.
Sect. 1. EUPRINSEPIA Rehder, n. sect.

Prinsepia Royle, HI. 206, t. 38, f. 1 (1839).
Flores racemosi; stamina numerosa, pluriserialia. Frutex ramis viridibus spinis
validis saepe foUosis munitis.

ROSACEAE. — ROSA 345

1. Prinsepia utilis Royle, III. Bot. Himal. 206, t. 38, fig. 1 (1839). — Brandis,
Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 196 (1874); Ind. Trees, 281 (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit.
Ind. II. 323 (1879). — Franchet, PI. Dclavay. 198 (1890). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 156
(1902). — Schneider, III. Handb. Lmibholzk. I. 651 (1906). — Hayata in Jour.
Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXX. art. 1, 105 (Mat. Fl. Formosa) (1911); Icon. Fl. Formos.
I. 219 (1911). — Diels in Not. Bot. Card. Edinburgh, VII. 15, 286 (1912).

Yunnan: Mengtsze, A. Henry (Nos. 9281, 11343); Tali valley, alt. 2000-2400
m., G. Forrest (Nos. 146. 4974). Formosa (ex Hayata). East Himalaya.
The Formosan plant is possibly a distinct variety or species.

Sect. 2. PLAGIOSPERMUM Rehder, n. sect.

Plagiospermum Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XVI. t. 1526 (1886).
Flores fasciculati; stamina 10, bi-serialia. Frutices ramis cinereis spinis vix 1 cm.
excedentibus aphyllis munitis.

2. Prinsepia sinensis Oliver ms. apud Bean in Keto Bull. Misc. Inform. 1909,
354. — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 223, fig. (1914).

Plagiospermum sinense Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XVI. t. 1526 (1886). — A.
Purpus in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XII. 1, t. (1903). — Komarov in Act.
Hort. Petrop. XXII. 554, t. 12 (Fl. Mansh.) (1904). — De Wildeman,
Icon. Hort. Then. V. 89, t. 182 (1905).

Mandshuria (ex Oliver et ex Komarov).

1 know this species only from cultivated plants. It has been growing at the
Arnold Arboretum since 1903 and flowers profusely every year, but fruits verj'
rarely and sparingly. The fruits, which ripen in August, are ovoid, about 1.5 cm.
long and deep red when fully ripe.

3. Prinsepia uniflora BataUn in yld. Hort. Petrop. XII. 167 (1892); in Gartenfl.
XLII. 331 (1892).

Northern Shensi: Yenan Fu, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 324; bush 1-1.25 m.).

As the flowers of this species have not yet been described, their description from
the specimens collected by Purdom and from living plants cultivated at the Arnold
Arboretum may follow here: Flowers white, 1.5 cm. in diam., 1-3 together with
fascicled leaves from axillary buds on last year's branches; pedicels glabrous, 3-5
mm. long, calyx-tube broadly turbinate, sepals semiorbicular, reflexed, ciliate, 1.5
mm. long; petals obovate, broadly cuneate at the base, scarcely clawed, 5-6 mm.
long; stamens 10, with very short compressed filaments finally incurved, about
0.75 mm. long,sHghtly longer than the orbicular-ovate yellow anthers; style lateral,
curved, not exceeding the calyx-tube, with a large oblique capitate stigma. On
vigorous shoots of young plants the leaves attain 6 cm. in length, but do not
exceed 7 or 8 mm. in width; the margins are distinctly serrate, but the upper third
of the leaves is usually quite entire; they are of firm, chartaceous texture, and dark
green and somewhat lustrous above, and lighter below. Prinsepia uniflora Batahn
is closely related to P. sinensis Oliver, but is easily distinguished by the much nar-
rower subchartaceous sometimes serrulate leaves and by the short-atalked white
flowers.

The plant was raised in the Arnold Arboretum in 1911 from seeds collected by
Purdom in Shensi and flowered for the first time in 1914; in 1915 it produced
fruits.

CELASTRACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

CELASTRUS L.

Celastrus angulata Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg,
s6t. 3, XXVII. 455 (1881); in Mel. Biol. XI. 199 (1881). — Loesener
in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 446 (1900), XXX. 470 (1902). — Pampanini in
Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 106 (1910).

Celastrus latifoUus Hemslev in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 123 (1886). — Oliver
in Hooker's Icon. XXIII. t. 2206 (1892).

Western Hupeh: north and south of lehang, thickets, alt. 600-
1300 m., June and October 1907 (No. 364; climber 3-6 m.); same lo-
cality, April and August 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 467) ; Changyang
Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300 m., June and November 1907 (No. 753*;
climber 6 m., flowers greenish-white, fruit yellow, seed vermilion) ;
Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300 m., November 1907 (Nos. 364% 753;
scandent shrub 6 m., fruit yellow) ; Nanto and mountains to northward,
A. Henry (No. 3883); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5925% 2084,
3405); " Ma-pan-scian," alt. 1000 m., May 1907, C. Silvestn (No.
1336). Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien,
alt. 600-1300 m., June 1908 (No. 364^; scandent shrub 6 m.); Nan-
ch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 790).

This scandent shrub with large and handsome leaves makes a tangled mass 6 m.
or more high and as much through ; it is very abundant in western Hupeh and Sze-
ch'uan.

A picture of this plant will be found under No. 0139 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Celastrus hjrpoleuca Warburg apud Loesener in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX.
445 (1900). — Loesener in Bot. Jahrh. XXX. 467 (1902).

Erylhros-permum hypoleucum OHver in Hooker's Icon. XIX. t. 1899 (1889).
Celastrus hypoglaucus Hemsley in Ann. Bot. IX. 150 (1895). — L6veill6, Fl.

Kouy-Tcheou, 69 (1914).
Celastrus hypoleucus, forma a genuina Loesener in Bot. Jahrh. XXX. 445 (1902).
Celastrus hypoleiwus, forma /3 argutior Loesener, 1. c. (1902).
346

CELASTRACEAE. — CELASTRUS 347

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 2000 m., September
and November 1907 (No. 362; climber 3-5 m., fruit orange-yellow);
north and south of Ichang, mountains, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No.
1063); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 2837, 6811). Eastern
Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5887). Shensi:
" Qua-in-san," "Thae-pei-san," "Kin-qua-san," July 1897, G. Giraldi.

This species is common on the mountains of northwest Hupeh, and in the autumn
its long terminal pendant cymose racemes of long-stalked orange-yellow fruits are
strikingly beautiful. The leaves vary much in the degree of glaucesccnce of their
under surface and in degree of serration, but these characters are inconstant and we
do not consider that they have taxonomic value. The leaves are deciduous, not
persistent as stated by Loesener. Henry's No. 2837 was distributed from Kew under
the manuscript name of " C. latifolius, var. glaucescens."

Celastnis glaucophylla Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, 3-6-metralis, glaber; ramuli hornotini glabri, initio
pallidebrunnei, mox fusco-purpurei, sparse lenticellati; gemmae parvae,
ovoideae, obtusae v. acutiusculae, fusco-brunneae. Folia decidua,
subcoriacea, ovato-elliptica v. obovata, rarius elliptica, subito breviter
acuminata, basi rotundata v. late cuneata, crenato-serrulata, interdum
remote et obsolete serrulata dentibus incurvis glanduloso-mucronu-
latis, 4-13, plerumque 6-10 cm. longa et 2.5-6.5 cm. lata, supra laete
viridia v. glaucescentia, subtus glauca, nervis utrinsecus 4-6 curvatis,
subtus ut venulae leviter elevatis; petioli supra canaliculati, 8-12 mm.
longi. Flores virescentes in cymis paucifloris breviter pedunculatis
V. subsessilibus axillaribus v. rarius racemos terminales 3-6 cm. longos
formantibus; bracteae et bracteolae fuscae, subulatae, 1-2 mm. longae;
pedicelli medio articulati, 3-4 mm. longi; sepala ovata, rotundata,
glanduloso-ciliolata; petala oblonga, apice rotundata, leviter erosa,
5 mm. longa et 1-1.5 nmi.lata; disci glandulae parvae, ovatae, obtusae;
stamina petala subaequantia, filamentis subulatis glabris ; floris feminei
sepala acutiora; stamina sterilia sepalis breviora; stylus crassus, 2.5
mm. longus; stigma leviter lobatum, lobis patentibus. Capsula lutea,
ovoidea, 8-11 mm. longa, 6-8 mm. diam., apiculata, 3-locularis, loculis
2-spermis; arillus scarlatinus; pedicelli crassi 6-10 mm. longi, supra
articulationem incrassati; semina ellipsoidea, utrinque attenuata,
minute punctulata, 4 mm. longa.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m., June
and October 1908 (No. 952, type); Wa-shan, alt. 1600-2500 m., Sep-
tember 1908 (No. 952''); near Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2000-2500 m.,
October 1910 (No. 4122); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-sban, thickets,

348 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

alt. 2000-2500 m., October 1910 (No. 4317); Mt. Omei, May 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 4782).

This species is characterized by its relatively thick and glaucous leaves, by its
axillary clustered and short racemose inflorescence and by its short stout pedicels.
It is nearly related to C. hypoleuca Warburg, which has thinner and smaller and
much less glaucous leaves, a usually terminal racemose inflorescence which in
fruit measures 6 to 15 cm., and shghtly smaller fruit on slender pedicels 1.5-4 cm.
long.

Leveilld (Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 69) includes C. slylosa Wallich in the Kwei-chou flora
and describes it with leaves glaucous on both sides. This may possibly be identical
with our C. glaucophylla.

Celastnis spiciformis Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, 6-metralis; ramuli hornotini glabri,pallide brunnei,
teretes v. leviter compressi, annotini purpureo-fusci, lenticellati; gem-
mae parvae, globosae. Folia membranacea, elliptiea v. elliptico-
ovata, subito breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. interdmn subito
attenuata, crenato-serrulata dentibus incurvis glanduloso-mucronula-
tis, 6-11.5 cm. longa et 3.5-7.5 lata, supra glabra, intense viridia,
subtus paullo pallidiora, costa nervisque puberulis exceptis glabra,
nervis utrinsecus 5-6 arcuatis subtus elevatis; petioli supra leviter
canaliculati, 1-1.7 cm. longi, glabri, Flores polygamo-dioeci, flavo-
albidi, in cymis paucifloris brevissime pedunculatis, partim axillaribus,
partim racemum terminalem pendentem 5-12 cm. longum formanti-
bus; bracteae bracteolaeque membranaceae, subulatae, 1-5 mm.
longae, deciduae; pedunculi 1-5 nmi. longae; pedicelli filiformes,
3-10 nun. longi; fios femineus: sepala ovata, rotundata, glanduloso-
ciliolata; petala patentia v. recurva, oblonga v. spathulata, apice
rotundata, erosa, 2-2.5 mm. longa et 0.5-1 mm. lata; discus leviter
lobatus; stamina calycem aequantia, antheris parvis sterilibus (?);
pistillum 3 mm. longum, stylo crasso, stigmatibus leviter lobatis; flos
mas differt petalis 3 mm. longis, staminibus petala aequantibus,
pistillo abortivo. Fructus non visus.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 2000 m., June
1907 (No. 2312, type); Fang Hsien, margin of wood, alt. 1600-2000
m., June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2215); without locality, A. Henry
(No. 5935). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, side of stream,
alt. 1300 m., July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1383). Western Sze-
ch'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, thickets, alt. 2300-3000
m., June 1908 (No. 2306).

This is a puzzling plant somewhat intermediate in character between C. angu-
lata Maximowicz and C. hypoleuca Warburg. The former differs in its markedly

CELASTRACEAE. — CELASTRUS 349

angular browner and more uniformly densely lenticcllate branches, its much larger
quite glabrous leaves and especially in its erect, much branched pyramidal in-
florescence. C. hypoleuca differs in its smaller, thicker leaves, glaucous on the under
side, longer pedicels, and in its rather longer flowers with more acute calyx-lobes and
petals. In general appearance this new species differs conspicuously from C. hypo-
leuca and more closely resembles C. anqulata, so much so in fact that Henry's
No. 5935 was distributed from Kew as C. laiifolia Hemsley which is synonymous
with Maximowicz's species. Cclastrus spiciformis is not uncommon in thickets
and margin of woods throughout northwest Hupeh and Szech'uan.

Specimens collected at " Lao-y-san, pr. Zulu " in northern Shensi by Giraldi
may belong here.

Celastms spiciformis, var. laevis Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis subtus glaberrimis leviter glaucescentibus.

Capsula subglobosa stylo coronata, 6-7 mm. longa, luteo-aurantiaca,
valvis 3, 2-spermis; semina ovoidea, 3.5 mm. longa, late reticulata et
minute punctulata, intense fusco-brunneo, lucidula.

Western Szech'uan : Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1600-2000 m., June
and October 1908 (No. 1176, type). Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains
north, alt. 2300 m., A. Henry (No. 11006).

This variety is distinguished from the type by the perfectly glabrous under side
of the leaves. On the fruiting branch of No. 1176 the leaves are elliptic-lanceolate
and slightly glaucescent on the under side. In this shghtly glaucescent character
this variety shows a further approach to C. hypoleuca Warburg, but in this species
the pedicel of the fruit is two to three times the length of that of our new variety
and the fruit of C. hypoleuca is also much larger.

Celastms rugosa Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, 3-6-metralis; ramuli glabri, striati v. angulares,
lenticellis parvis notati, annotini pallide griseo-brunnei, vetustiores
fusci; gemmae parvae, subglobosae v. ovoideae, brunneae, perulis ad
basin ramulorum persistentibus. Folia decidua, membranacea, ovato-
elliptica v. elliptica v. elliptico-oblonga, rarius obovata, breviter
acuminata, basi rotundata v. late cuneata, rarius attenuata, crenato-
serrata v. serrato-dentata dentibus incurvis glanduloso-mucronulatis,
5-13 cm. longa et 3-8 cm. lata, supra laete viridia, glabra, plus minusve
buUata, subtus paullo pallidiora, glabra v. ad nervos nervulosque pu-
berula, nervis utrinque 5-6 curvatis ut venulae prominentibus, ma-
turitate reticulata; petioli supra canaliculati, glabri, 1-1.5 cm. longi.
Flores virescentes solitarii v. in cymis 3-floris partim axillaribus par-
tim racemum terminalem 3-4.5 cm. longum formantibus; bracteae et
bracteolae subulatae, 1.5-4 cm. longae; rhachis racemi apicem versus
puberula; pedicelli 3-5 mm. longi; sepala late ovata, 2 mm. longa,
rotundata, glanduloso-ciliolata; petala oblonga, 5 mm. longa, 1.5 mm.

350 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

lata, apice rotundata leviter erosa; disci glandulae 5, triangulares
acutae, 0.5 mm, longae; stamina 4 mm. longa, filamentis subulatis
glabris; flores feminei non visi. Capsulae in cymis axillaribus v. in
racemis terminalibus 5-7 cm. longis, luteo-aurantiacae, globosae, 8-10
mm. longae, apiculatae, valvis 3, 2-spermis transverse striatis; pedicelli
5-8 mm. longi, striati, purpurascentes, lenticellati, apice incrassati;
semina oblonga, late reticulata, circiter 5 imn. longa, fusco-brunnea,
nitidula.

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets,
alt. 1600-2000 m., June and October 1908 (No. iio6, type); Mupin,
woodlands, alt. 1600-2100 m., June and October 1908 (Nos. 2310,
1148) ; same locality, alt. 2500 m.. May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3325) ;
Tachien-lu, alt. 2300-2600 m., October 1910 (No. 4117) ; near Sungpan
Ting, thickets, alt. 2300-2800 m., October 1910 (No. 4157). Western
Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 2000 m., September 1907 (No.
357)-

A well-marked species characterized by its buUate, coarsely toothed leaves
very prominently veined on the under side and by its axillary cj^mes and terminal
cymose panicles. It is allied to C. articulata Thunberg, which has shining smooth
leaves in which the principal veins are not raised and the fruits are in axillary cymes.

This handsome species is common in western Szech'uan, but is rare in Hupeh.

Celastrus articulata Thunberg, var. cuneata Rehder & Wilson,
n. var.

A typo recedit petiolis multo brevioribus 2-5 mm. longis, foliis mi-
noribus obovatis v. late obovatis basi manifeste cuneatis apice trun-
catis V. emarginatis v. brevissime cuspidatis 2-4.5 cm. longis et 1.6-4
cm. latis, petiolis 2-5 nmfi. longis.

Western Hupeh: Ichang, roadsides and thickets, alt. 30-600 m.,

April and November 1907 (No. 2308, type); same locality, April 1900

(Veitch Exped. No. 181).

This variety is well distinguished by its rather small, short-petioled obovate
leaves which are rounded and truncate, usually short cuspidate but often emarginate
at the apex and cuneate at the base. This plant is very abundant at low altitudes
round Ichang and on the river-banks westward to Szech'uan. The specimen from
Kiukiang alluded to in a note by Hemsley (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 122)
probably belongs here.

Celastrus Loeseneri Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Celnstrus ariiculatus Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 122 (pro parte) (non
Thunberg) (1886). — Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 446 (pro parte) (1900).
Celastrus orbiculata Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. 468 (pro parte) (non Thun-
berg) (1902).

CELASTRACEAE. — CELASTRUS 351

Frutex scandens, 3-6-metralis, glaber; ramuli teretes v. leviter
striati, fusco- v. griseo-brunnei, lenticellis parvis notati; gemmae par-
vae, late ovatae, obtusae v. subacutae. Folia decidua, chartacea,
elliptica v. elliptico-lanceolata, rarius ovato-elliptica, acuminata v.
subito breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. late cuneata, crenato-
serrata v. serrata dentibus incurvis glanduloso-mucronulatis, 4.5-11
cm. longa et 3-6.5 cm. lata, supra viridia, opaca, subtus vix pallidiora,
nervis utrinsecus 4-6 curvatis, supra, in sicco saltem, et subtus leviter
elevatis, venulis obsoletis; petioli supra leviter canaliculati, 5-12 nam.
longi. Flores albo-virides, in ramis lateralibus paucifoliatis v. rarius
aphyllis racemos terminales 3-4 cm. longos et cymas axillares pauci-
floras subsessiles formantes; bracteae subulatae, membranaceae, 1-2
mm. longae; pedicelli filiformes, 5-7 mm. longi; sepala rotundata,
glanduloso-ciliata, tubum calycis subaequentia; petala oblonga v,
spathulata, 3.5-4 mm. longa et 1-1.5 mm. lata, leviter concava, erecto-
patentia, leviter erosa; glandulae disci 5 parvae, latae; stamina petalis
paullo breviora, filamentis subulatis glabris; flores pistillati non visi.
Capsula 3-valvata et 3-locularis, subglobosa apiculata, lutea, 1 cm.
longa et 8 mm. diam., valvis transverse striatis; pedicellus lenticella-
tus, infra capsulam subito incrassatus; semina in quoque loculo bina,
obtuse trigono-oblonga v. fere ellipsoidea, 4.5 mm. longa, dorso late
reticulata, atrobrunnea.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
May and November 1907 (Nos. 357^^, type, 2309, 560) ; Patung Hsien,
thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., October 1907 (No. 503) ; Changyang Hsien,
thickets, alt. 1500 m., November 1907 (No. 688); without precise
locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5986, 5986% 5909). Eastern Szech'uan:
Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5640, 5734).

This species has been confused with the Japanese C. articulata Thunberg,
yet it is really very distinct and when seen growing side by side no one would con-
fuse them. In herbaria the differences are not so obvious, although the leaves
and character of the inflorescence differ markedly. The Japanese plant has thinner,
more or less orbiculai leaves, usually cuneate at the base but occasionally truncate,
the upper surface is rather lustrous green and the venation is distinctly reticulate;
the flowers are larger and always borne in stalked axillary cymose clusters.
Celastrus arliculata, var. punctata Makino approaches C. Loesencri in the shape
of its lea^JlpiPr but differs in other particulars, as does the type species.

C'etos/rMS Loesencri is very common in western Hupeh, and the leaves which are
rather fleshy are apt to fall off in drying.

Celastrus Rosthorniana Loesener in Engler, Bot. Jahrh. XXIX.
445 (1900), XXX. 468 (1902). — Leveill^, Fl Koiiy-Tcheou, 69
(1914).

352 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Szech'uan: Chiu-ting-shan, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m.,
May 22, 1908 (No. 2311; scandent shrub 4-6 m., flowers greenish-
white) ; west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600-2300 m.,
October 1908, 1910 (Nos. 1147, seeds only, 1175, 4195; scandent shrub
3-6 m., fruit orange-yellow); southeast of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt.
2000 m., October 1910 (No. 4187; scandent shrub 4-5 m. tall); Mt.
Omei, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4781). Western Hupeh:
without locality, A. Henry (No. 3115).

Fairly common in western Szech'uan and easily recognized by its rather small,
thick and shining leaves which are deciduous, not persistent as stated by Loesener.
The ripe capsule is orange-yellow. The winter-buds are ovoid, more or less acute,
and on the older branches the bark splits and becomes loose and fibrous.

Celastrus gemmata Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. 468 (1902).

Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907 (No. 1519;
climber 5 m.). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, Octo-
ber 1907 (Nos. 502, 363; climber 3-5 m., fruit golden); Fang Hsien,
margin of woods, June and October 1901 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 919, 972,
2215**); without locality, A. /fmr?/ (No. 7614). Western Szech'uan:
west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 2000 m., July 1908
(No. 2305; climber 3-5 m., flowers greenish); near Monkong Ting,
thickets, alt. 2000-2300 m., June 19, 1908 (No. 2305%- climber 3-5 m.,
flowers greenish); southeast of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 1600-2300 m.,
June and October 1908 (No. 1302; climber 3-6 m., flowers greenish,
fruit orange-yellow). Yunnan: Mengtsze forests, alt. 1800-2000
m., A.Henry (Nos. 9782% 10531, 11471); south of the Red River from
Manmei, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 9679'*).

This handsome species is common and widely distributed in central and western
China and is easily recognized by its large pointed winter-buds. The leaves are
very variable in shape, subcoriaceous in texture and with well-marked reticulate
venation. Occasionally the principal veins on the under side of the leaf are slightly
puberulous or are coated with scalj^ excrescences. The fruit is very large and golden-
yellow, and the shoots are angular when young and densely lenticellate. Henry !s
No. 7614 was distributed from Kew as C. articulata. Loesener refers Henry's No.
9679^ to C. stylosa Wallich, but the winter-buds in that species are rounded or very
obtuse.

Celastrus Hookeri Prain in Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, LXXII. pt. 2,
197 (1904); Novit. Ind. 418 (1905).

Celastrus stylosa Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 618 (pro parte, non
WaUich) (1875).

Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, without locality, A. Henry
(No. 5559). Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 2000 m.,

CELASTRACEAE. — CELASTRUS 353

October 1908 (No. 1184; scandent bush 5 m., fruit orange-yellow).
Yunnan: Mengtsze, forests, alt. 1600-2000 m., A. Henry (Nos.
10522, 11267). Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hong-
kong Herb., Nos. 2479, 2479'', 3420). India : " Khasia, alt. 4-5000
ped.," Hooker & Thomson; Sikkim, *' Singalala forests, alt. 7000 ft.,"
January 1900, C. G. Rogers.

In our specimens the filaments of the stamens are glabrous; the capsules are
orange-yellow, and the leaves on the fruiting branches dry green; on the flowering
branches they dry brownish. They all agree well with Rogers' Sikkim specimen.
The shoots, peduncles and pedicels on the specimens enumerated are more or less
rufo-pubevulous, a peculiarity unknown to us among other species except C.
Kusanoi Hayata from Formosa. We suspect the specimens referred to C. stylosa
by Franchet (PL Delavay. 131 [1889]) belong here. Loesener (in Bot. Jahrb. XXX.
469 [1902]) refers Henry's No. 11267 to C. articulata. The specimens from Fokien
seem to differ somewhat from typical C. Hookeri, but the material consisting of
immature fruit only is too imperfect for definite determination.

Celastrus Hindsii Bentham, var. Henryi Loesener, in Bot. Jahrb.
XXIX. 444 (1900); XXX. 467 (1902).

Western Hupeh: ChangloHsien, thickets, alt. 1150m., May 1907
(No, 561='; scandent bush 1-2 m.); Ichang, ravines, alt. 300-1000 m.,
July and October, 1907 (No. 561; scandent bush 1-2 m., fruit orange);
Patung Hsien, thickets, 1000 m., October 1901 (Veitch Exped. No.
450); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3495, 3495^ 3856). Western
Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, alt. 1000 m., September 1908 (No. 2307;
scandent bush 3 m.); Kiating Fu, roadside thickets, alt. 600 m., May
1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3324, 3324^).

This is a common evergreen slu-ub at low altitudes in western Hupeh and
Szech'uan. In addition to the characters given by Loesener it differs from the type
species in having subsessile and very shortly peduncled cymes.

CLAVIS SPECIERUM SINENSIUM JAPONICARUMQUE GENERIS
CELASTRI.

Capsula 3-locularis, 3-6-sperma. FoUa decidua.

Inflorescentia semper terminalis, paniculata, pedunculata, gemmis destituta.
Ramuli teretes.

Folia plerumque oblonga; petioli 0.5-1 cm. longi .... 1. C. dependeno.
Folia plerumque obovata v. late elliptica; petioh 1 cm. longi v. ultra.

2. C. paniculata.
Ramuli angulares. Folia plerumque late ovala, ad 12 cm. lata; petioli 2 cm.

longi v. ultra 3. C. angulata.

Inflorescentiae cymosae, axillares et insuper saepe in spicam v. racemum termi-
nalem gemmiferum collectae.
Foha subtus et interdum supra glauca. Flores partim racemos terminales
formantes.

354 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Racemi terminales ad 15 cm. longi, pedicellis gracilibus 2-3 cm. longis. Folia

membranacea 4. C. hypoleuca.

Racemi terminales ad 6 cm. longi, pedicellis brevibus \dx 1 cm. longis. Folia

subcoriacea 5. C. glaucophylla .

Folia subtus viridia.

Stipulae molles, demum deciduae.
Ramuli glabri.

Flores partim axillares, partim in racemirai v. spicam terminalem collecti.
Folia anguste lanceolata, tenuiter denticulata, glabra.

6. C. Franchetiana.
Folia latiora nervis subtus saepe puberulis.

Folia subtus non reticulata nervis secundariis leviter tantum ele-
vatis. Racemi ad 12 cm. longi, pendentes . 7. C. spiciformis.
Folia subtus reticulata. Racemi ad 6 cm. longi. . . 8. C rugosa.
Flores fere omnes axillares, saepe in parte inferiore aphylla ramulorum
V. in ramulis aphyllis, rarius in racemum terminalem brevem col-
lecti (confer etiam No. 8).
Gemmae parvae.

Cymae pedunculatae pedunculis pedicellis subaequilongis. Folia

plerum que obovata V. late ovalia 9. C . articulata.

Cymae subsessiles v. breviter pedunculatae. Folia plerumque ellip-
tica V. oblonga; petioli 0.5-1.2 cm. longi.
Folia crenato-serrulata, membranacea, supra opaca, subtus

leviter reticulata 10. C Loeseneri.

Folia minute serrulata, subcoriacea, supra lucida, subtus nervulis

obsoletis 11. C Rosthorniana.

Gemmae ovato-conicae, 7-10 mm. longae. Folia plerumque elliptica;

petioli 1-1.5 cm. longi 12. C gemmata.

Ramuli puberuli v. fusco-pilosuli.

Folia glabra v. subtus ad nervos tantum pilosula.

Folia elliptica v. elliptico-oblonga, subtus glabra . . 13. C. Hookeri.
Folia suborbicularia, subtus ad nervos pilosula. . 14. C. Kusanoi.

Folia brevissime pilosa, ovato-lanceolata 15. C Esquiroliana.

Stipulae induratae, spinescentes : folia minute cilioso-serrulata.

16. C. flagellaris.
Capsula l-locularis, monosperma. Folia persistentia.

Flores in cyrnis 3-floris v. solitarii, breviter pedicellati, plerumque axillares. Folia

satis dense reticulata 17. C. Hindsii.

Flores in cymis saepe plurifloris manifeste pedunculatis, saepe paniculam ter-
minalem formantibus.
Folia elliptica v. oblonga, basi plerumque cuneata.

Folia venulis obsoletis, serrulata, 6-12 cm. longa. . . 18. C. monosperma.
Folia utrinque reticulata, parce spinuloso-denticulata, 4-6 cm. longa.

19. C. cantoniensis.
Folia ovalia v. late elliptica, ad 7 cm. lata, basi rotundata, non reticulata.

20. C. Benthamii.

ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM.

Series 1. PANICULATAE Rehder & Wilson, n. ser.

Flores omnes in paniculis terminalibus plerumque pedunculatis. Folia decidua.
Capsula 3-locularis.

To this series belongs also the American C. scandens Linnaeus.

CELASTRACEAB. — CELASTRUS 355

1. Celastrus dependens Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. I. 389 (1824); Cat. No.
4302 (1829).

Celastrus multiflorus Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. I. 389 (non Lamarck) (1824); ed. 2,

I. 622 (1832). — Prain in Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, LXXIIl. pt. 2, 196

(1904); Novit. Ind. 417 (1905).
Celastrus alnifoUa D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 190 (1825). — De Candolle,

Prodr. II. 6 (1825).
Celastrus paniculata Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 617 (pro parte, non

Willdenow) (1875). — Loosener in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. 470 (1902), quoad

specimen Henryanum No. 12122*.

Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1500-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos, 12122, 12122^
12122^). — Also on the Himalaya and in Assam and upper Burma.

2. Celastrus paniculata Willdenow, Spec. I. 1125 (1797). — Roxburgh, Fl.
Ind. II. 388 (1824). — De Candolle, Prodr. II. 6 (1825). — Wallich, Cat. No. 4310
(1829). — Wight, III. 176, t. 72 (1840); Icon. 1. 1. 158 (1840). — Thwaites, Enum.
PI. Zeylan. 72 (1864). — Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 617 (pro parte)
(1875). — Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. 470 (1902), exclud. specimine Henryano
No. 12122*. — Prain in Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, LXXIIL pt. 2, 195 (1904);
Novit. Ind. 416 (1905). — Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chin. I. 890 (1912).

Celastrus Rothiana Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. V. 423 (1819).

Ceanothus paniculatus Roth, Nov. Sp. 154 (1821).

Celastrus nutans Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 390 (1824). — Prain in Jour. Asiat.

Soc. Bengal, LXXIIL pt. 2, No. 5, 196 (1904); Novit. Ind. 417 (1905).
Scutiaf paniculata G. Don, Gen. Syst. II. 34 (1832).
Celastrus Mctziana Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXI. 447 (1858).

Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1500-1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11993, 12572,
12572^). — Also in India and Burma.

3. Celastrus angulata Maximowicz. See p. 346.

Series 2. AXILLARES, Rehder & Wilson, n. ser.

Flores axillares, solitarii v. in cymis paucifloris interdum in superiore parte
aphylla ramulorum pseudo-paniculam formantes. Folia decidua. Capsula 3-locu-
laris.

Though the flowers are mostly axillary, in some species they are partly
crowded at the end of the branchlets into a more or less elongated false panicle
leafy at the base, which differs from the true panicle of the preceding section in
the absence of a peduncle, in the presence of axillary flowers below the terminal
inflorescence, and in the presence of winter-buds in the axils of the flower-bearing
bracts at least in the lower part of the inflorescence; these winter-buds are entirely
absent in the usually more compound panicle of the preceding section. We con-
eider C. articulata Thunberg the type of this series.

4. Celastrus hypoleuca Warburg. See p. 346.

5. Celastrus glaucophylla Rehder & Wilson. See p. 347.

6. Celastrus Franchetiana Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. 470 (1902).
Celastrus raccmulosa Franchet in Bidl. Soc. Bot. France, XXXIII. 455 (non

Hasskarl) (1886); PL Delavay. 132 (1889).

Yunnan: " Mo-so-yn," Delavay (ex Franchet).

356 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

7. Celastrus spicifonnis Rehder & Wilson. See p. 348.
Celastrus spiciformis, var. laevis Rehder & Wilson. See p. 349.

8. Celastrus rugosa Rehder & Wilson. See p. 349.

9. Celastrus articulata Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 97 (1784). — De Candolle, Prodr. II.
7 (1825). — Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, II. 88 {Enum. PI.
Chin. Bor. 14) (1835). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 3,
XXVII. 456 (1881); in Mel. Biol. XI. 200 (1881). — Franchet in Noiiv. Arch. Mus.
Paris, ser. 2, V. 222 (PI. David. I. 70) (1883). — Hemsley in Jowr. Linn. Soc. XXIII.
122 (pro parte) (1886). — Sargent in Garden & Forest, III. 551, fig. 73 (1890). —
Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. CCXXIV. t. 7599 (1898). — Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX,
446 (pro parte) (1900).

Celastrus orbicidatus Thunberg, Fl. Jap. p. xlii (nomen nudum) (1784). —

Poiret, Eiicycl. Meth. Suppl. II. 144 (1811). — Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXX.

468 (pro parte) (1902). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII.

106 (1910).
Celastrus Tatarinowii Ruprecht in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 2, XV.

357 (1857).
Celastrus n. sp. Maximowicz, in Mem. Sav. Str. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX.

470 (Prim. Fl. Amtir.) (nomen nudum) (1859).
Celastrus crispula Regel in Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 51 (1861). — Maximowicz

in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, s6r. 3, XXVII. 457 (1881); in Mel. Biol.

XI. 202 (1881). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 123 (1886).—

Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. 470 (1902).

Chili: Peking-Kalgan road, hills near Great Wall, October 5, 1905, J. G. Jack.
Mandshuria: Jehol, A. David (No. 1783, in Herb. Gray). Korea: "Port
Chusan," 1859, C. Wilford (in Herb. Gray); Ping-yang, September 18, 1905,
J. G. Jack; Quelpaert, May 1908, 1909, Taquet (Nos. 633, 2722).

Celastrus articulata, var. punctata Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXI. 138
(1907). — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 319 (1912).
Celastrus punctatus Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 97 (1784).
Celastrus striatus Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 210 (non Thunberg)

(1865-66); in Prol. Fl. Jap. 142 (1867).
Celastrus kiusianus Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. II. 314 (1879).
Celastrus articulatus, var. jS Maximowicz in Bidl. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,

86r. 2, XXVII. 456 (1881); in Mel. Biol. XI. 201 (1881).
Celastrus orbiculatus, var. punctatus Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. I.

267 (1900).
Celastrus articulatus, var. humilis Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 319
(1912).

Fokien: " Kushan, alt. 200 ft.," Dunn's Exped., April 26, 1905 (No. 2483,
Hongkong Herb.). Korea: Port Hamilton, 1859, C. Wilford (in Herb. Gray).
Celastrus articulata, var. cuneata Rehder & Wilson. See p. 350.

10. Celastrus Loeseneri Rehder & Wilson. See p. 350.

11. Celastrus Rosthomiana Loesener. See p. 351.

12. Celastrus gemmata Loesener. See p. 352.

13. Celastrus Hookeri Prain. See p. 352.

14. Celastrus Kusanoi Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXX. art. 1, 60 (1911).
Formosa: Takow, Ape's Hill, A. Henry (No. 1893).

CELASTRACEAE. — CELASTRUS 357

In this specimen the leaves are 4.5 to 7 cm. long and 5 to 7 cm. broad, and the
principal veins on the underside near the base have few or manj- short, straight
spreading hairs, otherwise it agrees with Hayata's description.

15. Celastrus Esquiroliana L6veill6, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 69 (1914).
Kwei-chou: " Tong-chcou," J. Esquirol, No. 3618 (ex L6veill6).
We have not seen a specimen of this species.

16. Celastrus flagellaris Ruprecht in Bull. Acad. Set. St. Petershourg, s6r. 2,
XV. 357 (1857); Decas PI. Amur. t. 4 (1859). — Maack, nymem. A.ui/p. 72 t.
[29] (1859). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, s6r. 3, XXVII. 457
(1881); in Mel. Biol. XI. 302 (1881). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris,
86r. 3, V. 223 (PI. David. I. 71) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 123
(1886). — Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. 470 (1902). — Matsumura, Ind. Fl.
Jap. II. pt. 2, 319 (1912).

Celastrus ciliidens Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 85 (1865-66).
Celastrus clcmacanthus Leveille in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. VIII. 284 (1910).

This species is confined to northeastern Asia and is common in Korea, but much
less so in Mandshuria and Japan.

Series 3. SEMPERVIRENTES Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg,
ser. 3, XXVII. 455 (1881); in Mel. Biol. XI. 198 (1881).

17. Celastrus Hindsii Bentham in Hooker's Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. III.
334 (1851). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, s6r. 3, XXVII. 455
(1881); in Mel. Biol. XL 199 (1881). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 123
(1886). — Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. 466 (1902). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew
Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 61 {Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). — Pitard
in Lecomte, Fl. Jndo-Chin. I. 892 (1912).

Catha monosperma Bentham in Lond. Jour. Bot. I. 483 (1842).

Celastrus monospermus Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 63 (non Roxburgh) (1861).

Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains, alt. 2300 m., A. Henry (No. 10559).

Celastrus Hindsii, var. Henryi Loesener. See p. 353.

18. Celastrus monosperma Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. 18 (nomen nudum) (1814);
Fl. hid. II. 394 (1824); ed. 2, I. 625 (1832). — WaUich, Cat. Nos. 4311, 7009
(1829-30). — Lawson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 618 (1875) excludendis
synon. — Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. 467 (1902). — L6veill6, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou,
69 (1914).

Yunnan: Mengtsze, forests to southeast, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10446,
11399); Szemao, mountains west, alt. 1500-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11972,
11972^; large climber, flowers white, fruit yellow). — Also on the Himalayas and in
Assam and Bengal.

The thinner leaves, more or less narrowed to the base, distinguishes this from
the closely related C. Benthamii Rehder & Wilson, which is apparently confined to
Hongkong and the neighborhood.

19. Celastrus cantonensis Hance in Jour. Bot. XXIII. 323 (1885). — Hemsley
in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 122 (1886). — Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. 467
(1902). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 62 (Fl.
Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912).

South China: Kwangtung (ex Hance).

358 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

20. Celastrus Benthamii Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Catha Benthamii Gardner & Champion in Hooker's Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard.

Misc. I. 310 (1849).
Celastrus Championii Bentham in Hooker's Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc.

III. 334 (1851); Fl. Hongk. 64 (1861). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Set.

St. Petersbourg, s^r. 3, XXVII. 455 (1881); in Mel. Biol. XI. 198 (1881). —

Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 122 (1886). — Loesener in Bot. Jahrb.

XXX. 467 (1902). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add.

ser. X. 61 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912).

The specimens we have seen are all from Hongkong, but Dunn & Tutcher report
it from the neighboring island of Lantao and from the mainland opposite Hong-
kong. It is very closely related to the Indian C. monosperma Roxburgh, but may be
distinguished in herbaria by its more coriaceous leaves which are always rounded
at the base.

SPECIES EXCLUDENDAE.

Celastrus alatus Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 98 (1784) = Evonymu^ alata Regel.

Celastrus Bodinieri L^veille in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 263 (1914) = Ilex
purpurea, var. Oldhamii Loesener secundum Loesener in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges.
XXXII. 541 (1914).

Celastrus Cavaleriei Leveill^, 1. c. 262 (1914) = MjTsinacea, verisimihter Rapa-
nea spec, secundum Loesener, 1. c.

Celastrus diversifolia Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 123 (1886) = Gymno-
sporia diversifolia Maximowicz.

Celastrus emarginata Roth, Nov. Spec. 155 (1821) = Gymnosporia emarginata
Lawson.

Celastrus Esquirolii L^veille in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. XIII. 262 (1914) = Sabia
parviflora WalUch v. spec, affinis, secundum Loesener, 1. c.

Celastrus euonymoidea L6veille, Fl. Kouy-TcMou, 419 (pro syn.) (1915) = Grevna
parviflora, var. glabrescens Rehder & Wilson.

Celastrus Feddei L^veille, 1. c. 263 (1914) = Grewia spec, secundum Loesener,
1. c. 543.

Celastrus Kouytchensis L^veill6, 1. c. 263 (1914) = Euphorbiacea ad Phyllanthoi-
deas ducenda, secundum Loesener, 1. c. 543.

Celastrus Lyi Leveille, 1. c. 264 (1914) = Rhamnacea, verisimihter Sageretia spec,
secundum Loesener, 1. c.

Celastrus Mairei L6veill6, 1. c. 264 (1914) = Sabia yunnanensis, secundum
Loesener, 1. c. 543.

Celastrus salicifolia L^veilM. 1. c. 263 (1914) = Rex macrocarpa, var. genuina
Loesener, secundum Loesener, 1. c. 543.

Celastrus Seguinii L6veille, 1. c. 262 (1914) = Myrsinacea, verisimihter Rapanea
Bpec, secundum Loesener, 1. c. 541.

Celastrus striatus Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 98 (1784) = Evonymus alata Regel.

Celastrus suaveolens L(5veill6 in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 263 (1914) = Ilex
suaveolens Loesener, secundum Loesener, 1. c. 541.

Celastrus tristis L6veill6, 1. c. 263 (1914) = Euphorbiacea, verisimihter Bridelia
spec, secundum Loesener, 1. c. 543.

Celastrus variabilis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 124 (1886) = Gymno-
sporia variabilis Loesener.

Celastrus Wallichiana Hance in Jour. Bot. XVI. 226 (non Wight & Amott)
(1878) = Gymnosporia diversifolia Maximowicz.

CELASTRACEAE. — PERROTTETIA 359

GYMNOSPORIA Wight & Am.

Gymnosporia variabilis Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 446 (1900);
XXX. 472 (1902).

Celastrus variabilis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 124 (1886).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, cliffs and river banks, alt. 30-300 m.,
April and December 1907 (No. 775; thorny shrub 0.3-1 m., flowers
white, fruit orange-brown); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 130, 449",
3056).

This is a very common shrub at low altitudes in the vicinity of the Yangtsze
River throughout western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan.

Judging from some detached leaves kindly sent by Mgr. Leveille of Berberis
Cavaleriei Leveille (in Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 48 [1914]), this supposed Barberry is a
Gymnosporia, either a form of G. variabilis or an allied species.

PERROTTETIA H. B. K.

Perrottetia racemosa Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXIV. 201 (1893);
XXIX. 447 (1900); XXX. 474 (1902).

Ilex racemosa OUver in Hooker's Icon. XIX. t. 1863 (1889).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, side of streams, alt. 800 m.,
June 1907 (No. 939*; bush 2.5-3 m., flowers white); Ichang, ravines,
alt. 300-600 m., May 7, 1907 (No. 3731; bush 2 m., flowers greenish);
same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3527, 7189). Western Szech'uan:
Hung-ya Hsien, cliffs, near Wa-wu-shan, September 13, 1908 (No. 939;
bush 3 m., fruit red); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos.
4802, 4802'*).

ELAEOCARPACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

ELAEOCARPUS L.

Elaeocarpus japonicus Siebold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Miinch.
IV. pt. 2, 165 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 57) (1845), non Siebold in Verh.
Bataav. Genoot. XII. No. 1, 63 (Sijn. PL Oecon.) (nomen nudum)
(1830). — Maximowicz in Bot. Jahrb. VI. 61 (1885). — Hemsley in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 95 (1886). — Ito & Matsumura in Jour.
Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XII. 349 {Tent. Fl. Lutchu. 82) (1899). — Matsumura
& Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 66 {Enum. PI. Formos.)
(1906). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 49, figs. 1-14 (1908).

Western Szech'uan: Ya-chou Fu, thickets, alt. 1000 m., June
1908 (No. 3553; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1.2 m., flowers whitish); Mt.
Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4753; tree 13 m. tall); same lo-
cality, E. Faber (No. 57).

This small tree with pale, fairly smooth bark is very rare in western Szech'uan.
Our specimens are male and Faber's consist only of leafy shoots, but so far as
the material goes we can find no difference between them and specimens from
Japan, where the tree is confined to the warm, southern districts.

Here may be added another species not collected during the Arnold Arboretum
expeditions.

Elaeocarpus omeiensis Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 6-metralis; ramuh hornotini initio puberuli, mox glabrescentes, annotini
et vetustiores fusco-rubri, sparse lenticellati. Folia membranacea, elliptico-obo-
vata V. oblongo-obovata, obtusa v. breviter obtusa, acuminata, basi cuneata,
crenata, triente inferiore plerumque Integra, 7-10 cm. longa et 3-4.5 cm. lata, supra
glabra v. puberula praesertim basin versus ad costam mediam, luteo-viridia, subtus
glabra, in axillis nervorum hinc inde glandulis perforatis instructa, nervis utrin-
secus 5-7 curvatis et anastomosantibus supra leviter subtus magis elevatis, venulis
Batis conspicuis; petioh 0.5-1.5, lamina decurrente anguste alati, supra puberuli.
Floras hermaphroditi, albi, in racemis axillaribus 4-6 cm. longis; pedunculus 0.5-1
cm. longus ut rhachis angulatus et sparse minuteque pubescens; pedicelli graciles,
recti V. curvati, 3-5 mm. longi, puberuli; bracteae minutae, caducae; sepala 5,
rubescentia, lanceolata, 4 mm. longa et circiter 1 mm. lata, acuta, leviter incurva,
ciliolata, extus puberula, intus sparse pubescentia, leviter carinata; petala, sepalis
longiora, fimbriata, usque ad medium incisa, basin versus angustata et inferne
ciliolata, intus puberula; discus lobatus, puberulus; stamina 14, filamentis vix
1 mm. longis glabris, antheris oblongis 2 mm. longis minute setulosis; ovarium

360

ELAEOCARPACEAE. — SLOANEA 361

subglobosum, pallide eericeo-pubescens; stylus subulatus, 4 mm. longus, basi
excepta glaber, stigmate simplice.

Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5135).

An interesting species apparently most closely related to E. serratus Linnaeus,
which has rather differently shaped leaves much less attenuate at the base, larger
flowers, longer, acuminate, reddish sepals, prominently bearded anthers and a more
abundant villose tomentum on the ovary. Elaeacarpus lanceaefoliiis Roxburgh,
which grows in Hongkong, differs in its much more coriaceous, differently shaped,
more serrate leaves, and longer racemes.

Henry's No. 7703 from western Hupeh very probably belongs here. Our speci-
men, which is in ripe fruit, has oblong-lanceolate leaves 15-18 cm. long amd an
ellipsoid fruit 2 cm. long, with an unusually soft pulpy mesocarp. If we are correct
in assuming that this specimen belongs to E. omeiensis, then the difference in size of
its fruits and those of E. serratus and E. lanceaefolius constitute another important
distinguishing character. Our new species is a rare plant, as far as our knowledge
goes, and occurs as a large bush or low tree.

SLOANEA L.
Sloanea Hemsleyana Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Echinocarpus sinensis Hemsley in Ann. Bot. IX. 147 (non Hance) (1895). —

Dials in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 467 (1900).
Echinocarpus Hemsleyanus Ito in Jour. Sci. Coll. Tokyo, XII. 349 (Tent. Fl.

Luich. 82) (1899). ,

Sloanea Hanceana Hemsley in Hooker's Icon. XX3^. sub t. 2628 (1900). — ^33-"

Gagnepain in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chin. I. 563, fig. 59 (1910).

Western Hupeh : Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 800 m., August 1907
(No. 917^; tree 11 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.); same locality, ravines, No-
vember 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2687; tree 6 m. tall). Western
Szech'uan: Yachou Fu, side of stream, alt. 600-1150 m., August 9
and October 1908 (No. 917; tree 13-20 m. tall, 1.5-3 m. girth, flowers
white, aril orange-scarlet) ; Hung-ya Hsien, side of stream, alt. 600-
1000 m., September 1908 (No. 917^; tree 16-20 m. tall, 1-3 m. girth).

This beautiful tree is rare in Hupeh, but is not uncommon in western Szech'uan
by the sides of streams in the wooded country southwest of Mt. Omei and in the
adjacent district of Yachou Fu. It is a tall tree with stout spreading branches,
dense foliage, and corymbose masses of pure white fragrant flowers terminating
the shoots. The rather thin leaves are deciduous, shining green and 12 to 25 cm.
or even more long. As the fruit nears maturity the long, straight bristles change
from yellowish to brownish purple. The ripe fruit opens and displays its shining
black seeds each with a large and conspicuous orange-scarlet aril. Both in flower
and fruit this tree is strikingly handsome.

The plant named Echinocarpus sinensis by Hance (in Jour. Bot. XXII. 108
[1884]) is possibly not specifically distinct from the Hupeh and Szech'uan species.
It differs in the leaves being cuneate at the base and toothed only above the middle.
We are indebted to Mr. Edmund Baker of the British Museum for a sketch of a leaf
of Hance's type, but unfortunately the evidence is insufficient to settle the question.

A picture of Sloanea Hemsleyana will be found under No. 372 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 209.

362 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Here may be added three species collected in Yunnan by A. Henry and to our
knowledge not yet recorded from China.

Sloanea assamica Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.
Echinocarpus assamicus Bentham in Jour. Linn. Soc. V. suppl. 2, 72 (1861). —
Masters in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 399 (1874). — Brandis, Ind. Trees,

101 (1906).

Yunnan: south of Red River, A. Henry (No. 13654; tree 16 m. tall, flowers
white).

In the absence of fruit the identity of Henry's specimen is somewhat doubtful.

Sloanea sterculiacea Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.
Elaeocarpea Griffith, Posth. Pap. II. 168 {Itin. Not. 866) (1848).
Echinocarpus sterculiaceus Bentham in Jour. Ldnn. Soc. V. suppl. 2, 72
(1861). — Masters in Hooker f., Fl. BHt. Ind. I. 400 (1874) . — Brandis,
Ind. Trees, 101 (1906).

Yunnan: Mengtsze, wooded cliffs, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 11501; tree
3 m. tall).

Sloanea tomentosa Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.
Echinocarpus tomentosv^ Bentham in Jour. Linn. Soc. V. suppl. 2, 73 (1861). —
Masters in Hooker f., Fl. BHt. Ind. I. 400 (1874). — Brandis, Ind. Trees,

102 (1906). — Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 444 (1911).

Yunnan: Szemao, forests to south, alt. 1300-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11745,
11745^ 12110; tree 6 m. tall, flowers yellow, white).

TILIACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

TILIA L.

Tilia paucicostata Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. XL 82 (1890). —
Schneider, III. Handh. Lauhholzk. II. 371, fig. 250 n-o (1909).—
V. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 87 (1909).

Tilia Miqueliana, var. chinensis Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI. Beibl. LXXXII.
75 (non Szyszylowicz) (1905).

Tilia paucicostata, var. a finna V. Engler apud Schneider, III. Handh. Lauh-
holzk. II. 371 (1909). — V. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 88 (1909).

Tilia paucicostata, var. fi tenuis V. Engler apud Schneider, III. Handh. Lauh-
holzk. II. 371 (1909).— V. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 88 (1909).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2000 m.,
July and November 1907 (No. 594; tree 8-13 m. tall, 1-2 m. girth);
Fang Hsien, mountains, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2422; tree
10 m. tall); mountains north of Nanto, July 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 1532; tree 13 m. tall).

This is a small and not common tree which grows scattered through the woods
and forests of northwestern Hupeh. The branches are slender and glabrous, and
the winter-buds are relatively large, ovoid, acutish, glabrous and purple. The
leaves are membranous and vary somewhat in shape with a base which is cordate,
truncate or abruptly broad-cuneate. On flowering specimens before us the leaves
vary in length from 4 to 7 cm. and in width from 3 to 6 cm. on the same
branch: the petiole varies in length from 1.5-4 cm. The fruit on one specimen is
somewhat malformed.

We have not seen Maximowicz's type, and our material differs slightly from his
description, especially No. 594, which has longer petioles, rather narrow leaves
of firmer texture, often more or less triangular in outline and somewhat reticulate
beneath. Nevertheless, similar small differences occur in many other species of
Tilia.

We have specimens of T. dictyoneura V. Engler, but in the absence of authentic
material of T. paucicostata Maximowicz, we cannot say whether Engler's plant
represents a distinct species or is merely an extreme state of the one described
by Maximowicz.

Tilia nobilis Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 8-12-metralis, trunco 1-1.5 cm. in circuitu metiente; ramuli
glabri, in autumno saepe glaucescentes; gemmae late ovoideae,
obtusae, 0.5-1 cm. longae, glabrae v. apice leviter puberulae, saepe

363

364 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

pruinosae. Folia orbiculari-ovata, subito acuminata, basi oblique
cordata v. truncata, argute serrata dentibus porrectis aristato-acu-
minatis, 15-20 cm. longa et 11-15 cm. lata, supra saturate viridia,
glabra, subtus fere glabra v. sparse stellato-pubescentia, in axillis
nervorum et nervulorum conspicue barbulata, nervis utrinsecus 7-9,
subtus ut trabeculae satis approximatae manifeste elevatis, venulis
ceteris minus elevatis; petioli crassiusculi, 4-6 cm. longi, glabri,
Cymae 2-5-florae; pedunculi et pedicelli angulares, sparse stellato-
pilosi; bracteae anguste oblongae, apice rotundatae, basi abrupte con-
tractae, fere sessiles, subtus sparse, supra sparsissime stellato-pilosae,
infra medium pedunculo adnatae; sepala anguste triangulari-ovata,
acuta, 6 mm. longa et 3-4 mm. lata, extus satis dense breviter stellato-
pilosa, intus apice et basi villosa; petala concava, ovato-lanceolata,
apice truncata v. leviter erosa, basi cuneata, 7-8 mm. longa et circiter
3 mm. lata; staminodia 5, petaloidea, spathulata, petalis aequilonga;
stamina glabra, petalis dimidio breviora; pistillum 7 mm. longum,
ovario subgloboso obtuse angulata tomentoso, stylo crasso glabro 3.5
mm. longo, stigmate simplice v. fere simplice. Fructus ovoideus v.
leviter obovoideus, 10-12 mm. longus et 7-9 mm. diam., 5-angulatus
angulis saepe acutis, apiculatus, dense adpresse tomentosus.

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, woods, alt. 2600 m., July and
October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3285, type); same locality, alt.
2300-2600 m., October 1908 (No. 2326); Hung-ya Hsien, Wa-wu-shan,
woods, alt. 2300 m., September 14, 1908 (No. 2327).

This very distinct species has the largest leaves of any of the Chinese Lindens
and is apparently most closely related to T. chinensis Maximowicz, which has
smaller leaves clothed on the under side with a pale gray felt, very much smaller,
densely pubescent bracts, and smaller and more globose fruit. This new species
has a very local distribution and is not common.

Tilia chinensis Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 83 (1890).

Tilia Baroniana Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 468 (1900); XXXVI. Beibl.
LXXXII. 75 (1905). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 387, fig. 259 h
(1909).— V. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 132 (1909).

Western Szech'uan: southeast of Sung-pan, valley of Honton
River, alt. 2600-3000 m., August and October 1910 (No. 4295; tree
10-15 m. tall); same locality, alt. 2800 m., August 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3286); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, woods, alt.
2300-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 2323; tree 6-13 m. tall, girth 1-1.5 m.).
Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien woods, alt. 2500-3000 m., June and
October 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2333; tree 10 m. tall, very rare).

TILIACEAE. TILIA 365

This is a tree of moderate size with numerous spreading branches. It is
common in northwest Szech'uan, where the bark is used by the peasants for
making sandals; it is rare elsewhere in Szech'uan and in Hupeh. The shoots are
glabrous, the winter-buds large, glabrous or with few long and straight hairs, and
the 5-ribbed fruit varies from ovoid to obovoid, and is 9 to 12 mm. long and 6 to
8 mm. wide. In the Hupeh specimen the shoot of the flowering branch is pruinose.

There is no question that Maximowicz's and Diels' species are the same, but to
explain the confusion we can only suggest that Diels overlooked Maximowicz's
original description and assinned that the very different plant named T. Mique-
liana, var. chinensis by Szyszylowicz was identical with Maximowicz's species.

Tilia intonsa Wilson in Herb. Kew., n. sp. ~ "TT s-^-^wCj ^

Tilia tonsura Veitch, New Hardy PI. W. China, 1913, 15 (nomen nudum).

Arbor 6-20-metralis, trunco 1-3 m. in circuitu metiente, cortice
fusco-griseo, longitudinaliter leviter fisso lenticellis magnis ovalibus v.
rarius oblongis notato; ramuli hornotini dense pilis longis flavidis v.
pallidis vestiti, annotini glabri; gemmae ovoideae, obtusae, glabrae
V. fere glabrae, purpurascentes. Folia membranacea, late ovata v.
orbiculari-ovata, subito breviter acuminata, basi oblique cordata v.
truncata, argute serrata dentibus porrectis parvis mucronatis, 7-14,
plerumque 9-12 cm. longa et 6-12, plerumque 7-10 cm. lata, supra laete
luteo-viridia, glabra costa venisque sparse stellato-pilosis exceptis, sub-
tus pallidiora, cinereo-viridia, laxe tomento stellato-villoso obtecta et
in axillis venarum et venularum plus minusve fulvo-barbulata, rarius
fere ebarbulata, nervis utrinsecus 7-9 subtus ut trabeculae elevatis;
petioli 4-7 cm. longi, pilosi v. partim glabrescentes. Cymae 1-3-florae;
pedunculi et pedicelli crassiusculi, stellato-pilosuli; bracteae anguste
oblongae, obtusae, breviter stipitatae v. fere sessiles, utrinque stellato-
pilosae, densius in facie dorsali, infra medium pedunculo adnatae;
sepala ovato-lanceolata, acutiuscula, 6-8 mm. longa, extus dense
breviter stellato-pubescentia, intus villosa; petala, oblongo-lanceolata,
obtusa, 8 mm. longa et 2-2.5 mm. lata; staminodia 5, petaloidea,
ligulata, petal is aequilonga; stamina glabra, petalis dimidio breviora;
pistillum 9-10 mm. longum, ovario subgloboso 5-angulato stellato-
tomentoso, stylo crasso glabro, stigmate bifido. Fructus ovoideus v.
leviter obovoideus, 5-angulatus, 9-11 mm. longus et 6-7 mm. diam.,
apiculatus, tomento adpresso flavido v. pallido vestitus.

Western Szech'uan : east of Luting-chiao, Ma-ngan-shan, woods,
alt. 2600 m., July and October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3287, type) ;
same locality, October 1903 (Veitch Exped. Seed No. 1569) ; northeast
of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan, thickets, alt. 3000-3300 m., July 9, 1908
(No. 2324); Mupin woods, alt. 1600-2600 m., July and October 1908,

366 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

October 1910 (Nos. 2330, 4379); Ching-chi Hsien, Fei-yiieh-ling,
woods, alt. 2800 m., August and September 1908 (No. 2329) ; Wa-shan,
woods, alt. 2000-2500 m., July and October 1908 (No. 2328); west of
Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, woodlands, alt. 2300-3000 m., June 1908,
October 1910 (Nos. 2325, 4331, 4333).

This species is apparently most closely related to T. chinensis Maximowicz, but
well distinguished from it and from all other Chinese species of Tilia by its hairy
shoots. Occasionally the shoots and more especially the stronger ones are more
or less glabrescent, and perhaps it may ultimately turn out to be an extreme variety
of Maximowicz's species. This new Linden is a common inhabitant of the woods
and forests of western Szech'uan. It was named in 1909 by Wilson in the Kew
Herbarium, but no description was pubhshed.

Tilia Oliveri Szyszylowicz in Hooker's Icon. XX. sub t. 1927
(1890). — Schneider, III Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 387, %. 259 a-b
(1909). — V. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 114 (1909). — Bean in Kew Bull.
Misc. Inform. 1914, 53; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 593 (1914).

Tilia mandshurica Szyszylowicz in Hooker's Icon. XX. sub t. 1927 (non Ru-
precht & Maximowicz) (1890). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 468 (1900).

Tilia pendula V. Engler apud Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 387, fig.
259 c (1909). — V. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 113 (1909).

Western Hupeh : Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m., July
1907 (No. 2336; tree 6-10 m. tall, 1-1.5 m. girth); Changyang Hsien,
woods, alt. 1800 m., October 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 705) ; Hsing-shan
Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-2000 m., June, July and November 1907 (Nos.
591, 711, plants only, 2333, 2332, 2335; tree 6-25 m. tall, girth 1-4
m.); Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2300 m., July 1907, October and
November 1910 (Nos. 615, 634, 2337, 4410, 441 1, 4445; tree 5-25 m.
tall, girth 1-3 m.); Paokang Hsien, woods, June 1901 (Veitch
Exped. No. 2274); Fang Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7452^, in Herb. Gray,
type No. of T. pendula V. Engler). Eastern Szech'uan : Wushan
Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7089, in Herb. Gray, type No. of T. Oliveri).

This species is very abundant in the moist woods of northwestern Hupeh, but
rare elsewhere in that province and not yet reported from western Szech'uan.
As usually seen it is a tree of moderate size with spreading, rather down-sweeping
branches, but occasionally large trees are met with. It is easily recognized by its
polished young branches, glabrous shoots, prominent winter-buds, by its leaves
with white, very dense and close tomentum, by its divaricate many-flowered
inflorescence and by its globose to obovoid, very slightly ribbed tuberculate fruit
crowned by the short apiculate remains of the style. On the flowering and fruiting
specimens before us the leaves vary in length from 3 to 12 cm. and in width from
3 to 10 cm. and the petioles are 2 to 7.5 cm. long. Usually the leaves are very dis-
tinctly toothed, but frequently the teeth are reduced almost to a mucro with scarcely
a trace of a sinus between them. In the color and texture of the tomentum on

TILIACEAE. — TILIA 367

the under surface of its leaves this species resembles the European T. tomentosa
Moench.

Both Szyszylowicz and V. Engler worked with little material, otherwise
they would not have attempted to make two species out of such a homogeneous
and clearly defined species as T. Oliveri.

In No. 634 the shoots and winter-buds are sUghtly pubescent and the fruit is
less tuberculate than is usual in the species.

Tilia Oliveri, var. cinerascens Rehder & Wilson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis subtus tomento cinereo nee albido minus dense
vestitis majoribus ad 14 cm. longis.

Western Hupeh : Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2300 m., May 19,
July and November 1907 (No. 2338, type, 597"; tree 6 m. tall).

This variety is distinguished by the gray not white under surface of its leaves
and the pubescence is more loosely tomentose; the leaves are distinctly serrate
with broad, short teeth. In No. 597*=, which consists of a shoot with partly grown
leaves, the branchlets are pendulous and the under side of the leaves very sparsely
pubescent.

Tilia Henryana Szyszylowicz in Hooker's Icon.XX. t. 1927 (1890). —
Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 388, fig. 259 d-e (1909).—
V. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 125 (1909). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn.
Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 431 (1910). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl.
II. 591 (1914).

Tilia Henryana, var. afulva V. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 125 (1909).

Tilia Henryana, var. /3 siibglabra V. Engler, 1. c. 125 (1909).

Tilia Henryana, var. 13 subglabra, f. polyantha V. Engler, 1. c. 125 (1909).

Kiangsi: Ruling, one tree near a temple, alt. 1300 m., July 29,
1907 (No. 1561; tree 10 m. tall). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien,
woods, alt. 1600-2000 m., August 1907 (No. 597^ tree 15 m. tall, 1.5
m. girth); Hsing-shan Hsien, roadside, alt. 1300 m.. May 7, June,
October and November (Nos. 414, 597; tree 16-26 m. tall, girth 2-9
m.); same locality, May and July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1392);
same locality, A. Henry (No. 7452", type No.); Ichang Fu, Nanto,
mountains, July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1503); " Monte T'ien-pang-
scian, a 30 km a N. E. di Chang-kin," alt. 1990 m., 1907, C. Silvestri
(Nos. 1452, 1451).

This very distinct species is not common, but it grows to a greater size than any
of the other species from central or western China. In habit it resembles the
European T. tomentosa Moench, and the bark is light gray, firm and fissured. As
the leaves unfold in the spring they are covered with a nearly white, loose to-
mentum and the trees in this stage are conspicuous from a distance As the leaves
develop this tomentum more or less completely disappears from both surfaces and
what remains becomes darker in color and on dried specimens fulvous-gray. The
young shoots in early spring have a similar tomentum to that of the leaves, but in

368 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

the autumn they are often pale and more or less densely puberulous and yellowish-
brown and nearly glabrous. The prominent ovoid winter-buds are sUghtly villous
or glabrous.

On our specimens the leaves vary in length from 5-13 cm. and in width from 4-14
cm. and the petioles are from 2.5-5 cm. long. Often the teeth of the leaves are
well developed, but usually they are represented almost entirely by the characteristic
long aristate point which readily distinguishes this species from all other Chinese
Lindens. The ellipsoid to obovoid fruit is from 8-10 mm. long and from 4-6 mm.
wide, prominently 5-angled, slightly verrucose and tipped with the very short
remains of the style.

With the material before us it is obvious that the varieties and form founded by
V. Engler (1. c.) cannot be maintained.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 705 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 487.

Tilia tuan Szyszylowicz in Hooker's Icon. XX. t. 1926 (1890).—
Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 468 (1900). — Schneider, III Handb.
Lauhholzk. II. 389, fig. 259 f-g (1909).

Tilia Tuan, var. Cavaleriei, V. Engler and Leveill6 in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov.

VI. 266 (1909). — V. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 124 (1909). — Leveille, Ft.

Kouy-Tcheou, 420 (1915).
Tilia Tuan, var. a Cavaleriei, f. divaricataY. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 124 (1909).
Tilia Tuan, var. /3 pruinosa V. Engler, 1. c. 124 (1909).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets and woods, alt.
1300-2000 m., July 1907 (No. 2334; slender tree 5-8 m. tall, 0.3-0.6 m.
girth); Fang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1600-2600 m., October 1910 (Nos.
4409, 4449; tree 10-16 m. tall, 1.5-2.3 m. girth) ; Patung Hsien, woods,
June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2316; tree 10 m. tall). Eastern
Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7452). Southeast
Szech'uan: Nan-ch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 842).

In the woods of western Hupeh this is a common tree of medium size with spread-
ing branches, glabrous shoots and glabrescent winter-buds. The bark on the
trunk of young trees is quite smooth and pale, but on old trees it is fissured and
rough. The leaves may be virtually entire with the teeth reduced to very short
mucro or they may be decidedly toothed. The bracts are remarkably long, often
exceeding the leaves.

In Hupeh the colloquial name of this and all other species of TiUa is " T'uan,"
and the bark is used by peasants for making coarse sandals.

In specimens before us we can find no difference between Rosthom's No. 842
distinguished as var. pruinosa, and Henry's No. 7452, whereas Wilson's No. 1242,
considered by V. Engler the same as Rosthorn's No. 842, has tomentose shoots and
villose winter-buds and belongs to our var. chinensis.

A plant in the Arnold Arboretum received from Messrs. Chenault, Orleans, as
" Tilia sp. from China " belongs here, although a fruiting specimen of this plant
collected in Messrs. Chenault's nursery on August 30, 1911, looks less like typical
T. tuan than does our cultivated plant. The fact is that Tilia tuan Szyszylowicz
is the most variable of the Chinese species of Tilia. As an extreme form possibly
belongs here Rosthorn's No. 335^ from Nanch'uan with narrow leaves thinly
stellate-pubescent below.

TILIACEAE. — TILIA 369

Tilia tuan, var. chinensis Rehder & Wilson, n, comb.

Tilia Miqxicliana, var. chinensis Szyszylowicz in Hooker's Icon. XX. sub t.

1927 (1890).
Tilia chinensis Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 384, fig. 257 1-m (non

Maximowicz) (1909). — V. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 130 (1909).

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
July and October 1907 (Nos. 486, 2331 ; tree 6-16 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.) ;
Ichang Fu, mountains north of Nanto, June and October 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1242, tree 16 m. tall) ; Patung Hsien, woods, October 1900
(Veitch Exped. Seed No. 926); Hsing-shan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 6474
in Herb. Gray).

This variety is as common in western Hupeh as the type from which it is dis-
tinguished by its gray tomentose shoots and its densely pubescent winter-buds.
The degree of pubescence on the under side of the leaves varies considerably. In
No. 2331, which is from a young tree, their under side is nearly glabrous; and in No.
486 it is covered with a rather loose gray felt. Henry's No. 6474 is intermediate
between these extremes. On young plants of this variety growing in the Arbore-
tum and also of the type the leaves are practically glabrous. In the flower and
fruit there are no differences between the type and the variety, and the dentation
of the leaves exhibits the same variability in both.

Tilia sp.

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907 (No. 1562;
bush or small tree 1-5 m. tall, common).

It is quite possible that this is nothing but a state of the variable T. tuan
Szyszylowicz, but our material is limited to leafy shoots. The leaves are strongly
veined, sharply serrate and nearly glabrous. As a shrubby plant this Linden is
common round Ruling, but Wilson failed to discover any flowers.

Here may be added notes on several species not collected during the Arnold
Arboretum expeditions.

Tilia mongolica Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXVI. 433
(1880); in Mel. Biol. X. 585 (1880); Enutn. PI. Mongol. 118 t. 11 (1889). —
Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 212 {PI. David. I. 60) (1883).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 94 (1886). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop.
XIV. 112 (1895). — Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs, I. 121, t. 61 (1903).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 369, fig. 249 g-h, 250 c-d (1909). — V.
Engler, Monog. Tilia, 85 (1909).

Chili: Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (Nos. 86, 864); "Calceenwong," 1910,
W. Purdom (No. 67); Hsao Wu-tai-shan, mountain slopes, alt. 1300-2300 m.,
August 21, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1258).

Barbulae may be present or absent in this species.

Tilia laetevirens Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor; ramuH glabri, satis graciles, hornotini flavescentes, annotini sordide
aurantiaci, vetustiores fusco-cinerei; gemmae ovoidcae, obtusae, glabrescente8,
fulvo-brunneae. Folia membranacea, late ovata v. orbiculari-ovata, interdum
leviter lobata, subito leviter acuminata, basi oblique truncata v. subcordata, rare
latissime cuneata, serrulata dentibus parvis fere ad mucronem reducta, v. dcntato-

370 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

eerrata dentibus latissime ovato-triangularibus mucronatis, 5.5-10.5 cm. longa et
4-9 cm. lata, supra laete viridia, glabra, subtiis pallidiora, pilis stellatis brevibus
albidis laxe conspersa, nervis utrinsecus 6-9, ut trabeculae satis distantes subtus
elevatis; petioli graciles, glabri, 4-7 cm. longi. Flores non visi; pedunculi et
pedicelli subteretes, laxe breviter stellato-pilosi ; bracteae anguste oblongae, obtusae,
basi plerumque attenuatae, 5-7 cm. longae et 1-1.5 cm. latae, utrinque stellato-
pubescentes, subsessiles v. breviter stipitatae, infra medium pedunculo adnatae.
Fructus 1-3, ovoideus v. obovoideus, 8-10 mm. longus et 6-7 mm. latus, obscure
5-costatu8, styli basi brevissimo coronatus, dense tomento stellate brevissimo
cinereo-albido vestitus.

Kansu: Lotani, south of Min-chou on road to Siku, alt. 2600-2800 m.,
August 13, 1911, W. Purdom, type; Min-chou, alt. 2600 m., 1911, W. Purdom.

We are without any precise information on this interesting Linden which in ap-
pearance is markedly different from all other Chinese species. It is apparently
most closely related to T. chinensis Maximowicz, which is a much more hairy
plant with thicker, more strongly veined leaves covered with a thin gray tomentum
on the under side and very sharply angled fruit. In a general way it has some re-
semblance to T. paucicostata Maximowicz, but this more glabrous plant with small
leaves, relatively large quite glabrous bracts and numerous small flowers and non-
costate fruit belongs to an entirely different section of the genus.

Tilia mandshuria Ruprecht & Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,
XV. 124 (1856); in Mel. Biol. II. 413 (1857). — Maximowicz in Mem. Sav. Etr.
Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 62 {Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859); in Bull. Acad. Sci.
St. Petersbourg, XXVI. 434 (1880); in Mel. Biol. X. 586 (1880). — Bayer in Verh.
Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XII. Abh. 48 (Monog. Tilia) (1862). — Baker & Moore
in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVII. 380 (1879). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser.
2, V. 212 {PI. David. I. 60) (1883). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXV. 28
(1907). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 384, fig. 257 i-k (1909). — V.
Engler, Monog. Tilia, 114 (1909).

Tilia argentea Hort. Paris apud Regel in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV.

216 (non De Candolle) (1857); in Mel. Biol. II. 482 (1857).
Tilia argentea, /3 mandshuria Regel in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 7,

IV. No. 4, 30 {Tent. Fl. Ussur.) (1861).
Tilia pekinensis Ruprecht apud Maximowicz in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci.

St. Petersbourg, IX. 469 {Prim. Fl. Amur.) (nomen nudum) (1859). — Bayer

in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XII. Abh. 49, t. 9, fig. 3 {Monog. Tilia)

(1862).
Tilia mandschuria, var. pekinensis V. Engler apud Schneider, III. Handb.

Laubholzk. II. 384 (1909). —V. Engler, Monog. Tilia, 115 (1909).

Chili: Weichang, 1909, W. Purdom (Nos. 53, 53=); near San-tun-ying,
mountain slopes, June 2, 1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 129, 991); Hsiao Wu-tai-shan,
alt. 1600-2300 m., August 20, 1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 130, 1245). Mand-
shuria : Shengking, Tsien-shan mountains, June 9, 1906, F. N. Meyer (No. 123);
Mukden, east Tomb, May 29, 1906, F. N. Meyer (No. 100); east of Harbin,
mountains, August 31, 1903, C. S. Sargent. Korea: Chinnampo, September 17,
1905, J. G. Jack; Diamond Mountain, June 24, 1906, U. Faurie (No. 490).

On young trees and on very vigorous shoots or adventitious branches the
leaves are often more or less three-lobed.

TILIACEAE. — GREWIA 371

GREWIA L.

Grewia parviflora Bunge in Mem. Sav. J^tr. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg,
II. 83 (Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 9) (1833). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XX. 3
(1882). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6t. 2, V. 211 (PL
David. I. 59) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 93
(1886). — Gagnepain in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 124 (1909). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 51 {Fl. Kwangtung
& Hongk.) (1912).

Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 600 m., August 1, 1907 (No. 1597;
shrub 1-1.5 m., flowers yellowish). Chili : near " Ying-tan Ko," rocky
places, September 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 81); Peking, Pagoda Hill,
near Summer Palace, September 17, 1903, C. S. Sargent; Nankow,
October 6, 1905, J. G. Jack; near Peking, A. Bunge. Shantung:
Tsingtau, 1901, Zimmermann (No. 223); " Pa-shan," September 1907,
F. N. Meyer (No. 265).

This northern shrub is rare in the Yangtsze valley, where it is represented by the
following variety.

Grewia parviflora, var. glabrescens Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Grewia glabrescens Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 42 (1861). — Hemsley in Jo?/r. Linn.

Soc. XXIIl. 92 (1886). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add.

ser. X. 51 {Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). — Leveill6, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou,

419 (1915).
Grewia -parviflora Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 468 (non Bunge) (1900). —

Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 407 (1908). — Pampanini in

Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 431 (1910).
Grewia Esquirolii L6veille, Fl. Kouy-TchSou, 419 (pro synon.) (1915).
Celasirus eiionymoidea L^veille, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1915).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, open places, alt. 300-1000 m.,
June and October 1907 (No. 407; shrub 1 m., flowers whitish, fruit
orange); Ichang, roadsides, alt. 300-600 m., June 1907 (No. 2437;
shrub 0.6-1 m. tall); Hsing-shan Hsien, roadsides, alt. 600-1100 m.,
June 7, September 1907 (No. 109; shrub 0.6-2 m., flowers white, fruit
orange); Ichang, glens and open country, June 1900, 1901 (Veitch
Exped. Nos. 1016, 1265% 1984); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 1555,
3629, 7601); Nanto and mountains to northward, A. Henry (Nos.
1929, 2695) ; " Ou-tan-scian," alt. 2090 m., July 1907, C. Silvestri (No.
1449). Western Szech'uan: Monkong Ting, valley of Hsao-chin
Ho, alt. 2000-3000 m., June 29, 1908 (No. I09^ shrub 0.6-2 m. tall).
Northern Shensi: " Thui-kio-tsuen," September 1897, G. Giraldi;

372 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

without precise locality, 1897, G.Giraldi. Formosa: Bankinsing, A.
Henry (No. 87G). Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905
(Hongkong Herb. No. 2419). Hongkong: August 1893, C. Ford.

In rocky places and by the roadside this shrub is abundant in western Hupeh and
in Szech'uan. The size and shape of leaves vary very considerably. No. 109»
and Giraldi's specimens from northern Shensi before us are intermediate in
degree of pubescence between this variety and the type.

MALVACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

ABUTILON Gartn.

Abutilon sinense Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XVIII. t. 1750 (1888). —
Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 33, 291 (PI. Chin. Forrest.)
(1912). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 272 (1914).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, cliffs of Wushan Gorge, alt.
30-100 m., March 26, 1908 (No. 2023; shrub 1-3 m. tall, flowers
golden); same locality, March 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1757); near
Ichang, A. Henry (No. 3822). Yunnan: Yung-ping Hsien valley,
April 1906, G. Forrest. (No. 5026).

This very ornamental species with deep yellow flowers is not common. A pic-
ture of this shrub will be found under No. 16 of the collection of Wilson's photo-
graphs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 101.

URENA L.

Urena lobata Linnaeus, Spec. 692 (1753). — Loureiro, Fl. Cochin.
416 (1790). — Hooker in Bot. Mag. LVIII. t. 3043 (1831). — Bentham,
Fl. Hongk. 34 (1861). — Masters in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 329
(1874). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 86 (1886). — Giirke
& Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 469 (1900). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew
Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 48 {Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.)
(1912). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 223 {PI. Chin.
Forrest.) (1912). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 275 (1914).

Urena carta Wallich, Cat. No. 1930 (nomen nudum) (1828).

Urena diversifolia Schumacher & Thonning, in Afh. Danske Vidensk. Selsk.

ser. 4, IV. 29 {Beskr. Guin. PI. 308) (1829). — Walpers in Nov. Act. Acad.

Leop.-Carol. XIX. Supp. 1, 304 (1843); Rep. V. 89 (1845).

Western Szech'uan: valley of Tung River, roadsides, alt. 800
m., August 1908 (No. 2354; subshrub 0.6 m. tall, flowers pink); base
of Mt. Omei, sunny places, August 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4754);
without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 7180*^).

373

374 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

HIBISCUS L.

Hibiscus Manihot Linnaeus, S-pec. 696 (1753). — Cavanilles,
Monadelph. Diss. III. 172, t. 63, fig. 2 (1787). — Sims in Bot. Mag.
XLI. t. 1702 (1815). — De Candolle, Prodr. I. 448 (1824). — Hoolcer
in Bot. Mag. LIX. t. 3152 (var. /5) (1832). — Masters in Hooker f.,
Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 341 (1874). — Hochreutiner in Ann. Cons. Jard.
Bot. Geneve, IV. 153 (1900). — Giirlce & Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX.
469 (1900). — Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. CXXVII. t. 7752 (1901).—
Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 455 (1911). — Diels in Not. Bot.
Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 223 (PL Chin. Forrest.) (1912).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, thickets, alt. 30-1000 m., August 1907
(No. 2416; 1-2 m. tall, flowers yellow); same locality, A. Henry (No.
4183). Western Szech'uan: near Wa-shan, valley of Tung River,
alt. 800 m., August 1908 (No. 2417; 1.5-2 m. tall, flowers yellow).
Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 9263).

This is a common plant in the warm parts of Hupeh, Szech'uan and Yunnan.
A mucilage obtained from the rootstock is used by Chinese in the manufacture of
paper.

We have not considered it necessary to enumerate the numerous synonyms of
this variable species; for an enumeration of them we refer to Hochreutiner's
Revision dii genre Hibiscus, p. 131 (in Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve, IV. 153), where
36 synonyms are cited.

Hibiscus syriacus Linnaeus, Spec. 695 (1753). — Loureiro, Fl. Co-
chin. 420 (1790). — De Candolle, Prodr. I. 448 (1824). — Masters in
Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 344 (1874). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXIII. 88 (1886). — Giirke & Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 469
(1900). — Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 407
(1908). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 432
(1910). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 34, 223 (PI.
Chin. Forrest.) (1912). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 274 (1914).

Altheafrutex Hort. ex Miller, Gard. Did. I. 46, 520 (1768).
HihiscTxs rhombifolius Cavanilles, Monadelph. Dissert. I. t. 69, fig. 3 (1790).
Hibiscus syriacus, var. chinensis Lindley in Jour. Hort. Soc. Land. VIII. 58
(1853).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, cultivated, alt. 30-300 m., July 1907
(No. 2430; bush 2 m.); Nanto, A. Henry (No. 2126=*). Szech'uan:
Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2415). Shensi: without locality,
1897, G. Giraldi. Formosa: Takow, Ape's Hill, alt. 3700 m., A. Henry

MALVACEAE. — HIBISCUS 375

(No. 1092). Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong
Herb. 2412). Korea: Quelpaert, September 1908, Taquet (No. 595).

Many forms of this Hibiscus are cultivated in gardens in Hupeh and Szech'uan.

In the Index Kewensis H. chinensis De CandoUe (Prodr. I. 455 [1824]) is given
as a synonym of H. syriacus Linnaeus. De Candolle cites Braam, Icon. PI. Chin.
t. 24 (1821). In the two editions of this work in the Ubrary of the Arnold Arboretum
the Hibiscus figured is certainly not H. syriacus Linnaeus.

STERCULIACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

REEVESIA Lindl.

Reevesia pubescens Masters in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 364
(1874). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 92 (1906).

Western Szech'uan: Monkong Ting, descent of Pan-lan-shan,
side of stream, alt. 2300 m., October 1910 (No. 4395; tree 20 m. tall,
girth 1.5 m., one only seen). Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1800 m., A.
Henry (No. 11510; tree 10 m. tall).

Only one tree is known to us, and this grows in a remote district where it is
known as the " Soh-lou " tree. The bark is gray, rough and firm, the branches
rather slender and spreading. Our specimens are in ripe fruit and the flowers are
unknown to us. The woody fruit is pubescent and verrucose in the upper part,
top-shaped or obconical, 4-5 cm. high and about 2.5 cm. wide at the summit,
which is flattened and depressed. The leaves are fairly coriaceous, and vary from
subcordate and truncate to rounded at the top; /the primary and secondary veins
are impressed above and prominent on the lower surface. In Henry's specimen,
which Dunn (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 484 [1911]) identifies with R. Wallichn
R. Brown, the leaves are very long, and the base in some of them is inclined to
be slightly narrowed.

It is not without some hesitation that we identify our specimens with this
species of Masters, but allowing for difference in texture of leaves on flowering and
fruiting specimens they agree very well with Griffith No. 548 in Herb. Gray.

The brief description of R. Cavaleriei L^veille & Vaniot (in Fedde, Rep. Spec.
Nov. IV. 330 [1907]) may apply to our plant, but it is too incomplete for definite
identification.

STERCULIA L.

Sterculia lanceaefolia Roxburgh, Hort. Bengal. 50 (nomen nudum)
(1814); Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 150 (1832).

Sterculia ovalifolia WaUich, Cat. No. 1132 (nomen nudum) (1828).

Sterculia Roxburghii WaUich, PI. As. Rar. III. t. 262 (1832). — Brown in

Bennett, PI. Jav. Rar. 229 (1844). — Masters in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind.

I. 356 (1874). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 406 (1915).

Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, cultivated in a garden, alt.
340 m., December 1908 (No. 2458; tree 15 m. tall, girth 2.5 m., seeds
shining black).

376

STERCULIACEAE. — FIRMIANA 377

Wilson has seen only one cultivated specimen of this tree, the origin of which
is unknown to him. The Chinese called it the " Peng-kou " tree. A picture of
this tree will be found under No. 440 of the collection of Wilson's photographs
and in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 479.

FIRMIANA Marsili.

Firmiana simplex F. N. Meyer in U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. PI. Indust.
CCIV. 56 {Agric. Explor. Orchards China) (1911).

Hibiscus simplex Linnaeus, Spec. ed. 2, II. 977 (1763).

Sterculia platanifolia Linnaeus f., Suppl. 423 (1781). — De CandoUe,

Prodr. 1. 483 (1824). — Ben tham, Fl. Hongk. 36 (1861). — Kurz in Jour.

Bat. XI. 193 (1873). — Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXX. 73

(Fl. Shanghai, 21) (1875), XXXIII. 36 (Fl. Tientsin, 13) (1879).—

Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 90 (1886). — Shirasawa, Ico7i. Ess.

For. Jap. II. t. 51, figs. 10-34 (1908). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull.

Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 49 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). —

Leveill6, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 406 (1915).
Sterculia tomentosa Thunberg, Icon. PI. Jap. IV. t. 8 (1802).
Firmiana chinensis Medicus ex Steudel, Nomencl. 814 (pro synon.) (1821).
Firmiana platanifolia Schott & Endlicher, Meletem. Bot. 33 (1832). — Diels

in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 470 (1900).
Sterculia pyriformis Bunge in Mem. Sav. £tr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, II.

83 (Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 9) (1835).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, roadsides, alt. 800 m., July and
December 1907 (No. 667; tree 16 m. tall, 2 m. girth, flowers yellowish,
fruit straw-yellow); Ichang, alt. 30-1000 m., June 1907 (No. 2587;
tree 5-16 m., girth 0.3-1 m.) ; same locality, July 1900 (Veitch Exped,
No. 1254). Formosa: Tamsui, A. Henry (No. 1387). Shantung:
Tsingtau, 1900, Zimmermann (No. 463).

This is a slender tree with smooth gray-green bark and whorled branches and
is very common at low altitudes in Hupeh and Szech'uan. The leaves may be
glabrous or more or less densely covered with pale tomentum on the under side.
Colloquially it is known as Wu-tung, and the fibrous bark is used for making coarse
cordage.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 519 and 0263 of the collection
of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 480.

DILLENIACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder.

ACTINIDIA Lindl.

Actinidia melanandra Franchet in Jour, de Bot. VIII. 278 (1894). —
Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 470 (1900). — Finet & Gagnepain in
Bidl. Soc. Bot. France, LII. M^m. IV. 21 (1905); Contrib. Fl. As. Or.
II. 21 (1907). — Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 402 (1911).

Actinidia rufa, var. 4 parvifolia Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 403 (1911).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1800 m., October
1910 (No. 4459; climber 5-7 m., fruit smooth, ovoid); without precise
locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 1068, 1068'*); without precise
locality, A. Henry (No. 5938^, type of A. rufa, var. parvifolia Dunn).

This species is easily distinguished from all related species by the glaucous under
side of the leaves, which are perfectly glabrous with the exception of tufts of hairs
in the axils of the veins. The pistillate flowers are usually solitary, while the
staminate are borne in 3-5-flowered cymes. Wilson's No. 1068 differs somewhat
in its narrow, oblong to oblong-oblanceolate leaves, broadly cuneate at the base
and 8-9 cm. long and 2.5-3 cm. broad; Henry's No. 5838" has the leaves also
broadly cuneate at the base, but more elliptic in outline and up to 4 cm. broad.
Wilson's No. 3269, referred by Dunn to this species, belongs to the following
species.

Actinidia purpurea Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex alte scandens, 3-7-metralis; ramuli glabri v. initio puberuli,
rarius tomentosi, annotini brunneo-grisei, lenticellis destituti, medulla
albida lamellosa. Folia decidua, papyracea, elliptica v. elliptico-ovata
V. elliptico-oblonga, subito acuminata, basi rotundata, rarius late cu-
neata, serrata dentibus parvis acuminatis accumbentibus, 8-12 cm.
longa et 4.5-6 cm. lata, supra luteo-viridia, opaca, glabra, subtus fere
concoloria, axillis barbatis exceptis glabra v. rarius ad costam tomen-
tosa, nervis utrinsecus 5-6, subtus elevatis et trabeculis satis elevatis
conjunctis; petioli 3-5 cm. longi, glabri v. rarius tomentulosi. Flores
polygami, albi, in cymis axillaribus laxe puberulis, petiolo brevioribus;
cymae masculae pluri- v. multiflorae, fertiles plerumque 3-florae; in

378

DILLENIACEAE. — ACTINIDIA 379

floribus masculis sepala ovata, obtusa, 4-5 mm. longa, ciliolata, dorso
glabra v. rarius laxe puberula; petala ovalia v. oblongo-obovata, 7-7.5
mm. longe et 4-5 mm. lata, margine integra v. eroso-denticulata; sta-
mina dimidia petala aequantia, antheris oblongis 2 mm. longis loculis
basi divergentibus nigrescentibus; rudimentum pistilli staminibus plus-
quam duplo brevius, cylindricum, basi subito in discum dilatatum, apice
irregulariter laceratum; in floribus fertilibus sepala ovata, obtusa v,
acutiuscula, inaequalia, 5-7 cm. longa, fere glabra; petala late ovata v.
ovalia, concava, valde inaequalia, 8-12 mm. longa et 4.5-7 nmi. lata;
stamina ovario breviora; ovarium conico-eylindricum, apice attenua-
tum, glabrum, circiter 6 mm. longum, stylis radiatis circiter 15, stig-
mate subcapitato. Bacca ovoidea v. oblonga, glabra, apice rostrata,
2-2.5 cm. longa, purpurea, sapore grato; semina late ovoidea, 2-2.5
mm. longa, foveolata, flavo-brunnea.

Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt.
1800-2000 m., June and October 1908 (No. 13 14; staminate flowers
and fruits, type); Mupin, thickets, alt. 1500-1800 m., June 1908 (No.
1314'*, fertile flowers); Yung-ching Hsien, Wa-wu-shan, alt. 1800-2250
m., September 14, 1908 (No. 893; fruits); without precise locality,
July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3269; staminate flowers). Yunnan:
Mengtsze, alt. 2100 m., A. Henry (No. 1108). Western Hupeh:
without precise locality, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1165; staminate
flowers); without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 5622). Kiangsi:
Kuling, thickets, abundant, July 31, 1907 (No. 1512).

This species is closely related to A. arguta Miquel ' which is chiefly distinguished
by the broader leaves lustrous above and more strongly serrate with spreading
teeth, by the larger flowers and by the greenish yellow subglobose fruit. Actinidia
purpurea Rehder is also closely related to A. melanandra Franchet which differs
in the glaucous under side of the leaves, in the short petioles, in the few-flowered
inflorescence and in the globose-ovoid darker fruit.

Wilson's Nos. 893 and 1165 and Henry's No. 5622 differ from the type in having
the petioles and the veins or at least the midrib on the under side of the leaves more
or less tomentose, and Henry's specimen, moreover, has smaller and broader
leaves partly subcordate at the base while the specimen from Kiangsi which con-
sists only of leafy branches has the petioles and the midrib setose beneath. Henry's

1 According to the International Rules A . arguta Miquel is the correct name of
the species, while Dunn follows Komarov and Finet & Gagnepain in using A . rufa,
because Trochosligmn rufa i)recedes T. arguta in the original enumeration.
The International Rules, however, do not recognize the so-called priority of posi-
tion, but rule that, if the names of the groups to be united are of the same date,
the author chooses and his choice cannot be modified (art. 46). In this case
Maximowicz in 1886 was the first to unite the two species, and he took up the name
A. arguta for the aggregate and consequently this name must be used for the species.

380 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

11008 from Yunnan belongs apparently to this species and not to A. arguta, where
Dunn placed it.

Actinidia polygama Maximowicz in Mem. Sav. JEtr. Acad. Sci. St.
Petersbourg, IX. 64 (Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859); in Bull. Acad. Sci. St.
Peiersbourg, XXXI. 19 (1886); in Mel. Biol. XII. 425 (1886). — Miquel
in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 15 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 203 (1867). —
Ito & Kaku, Fig. Descr. PI. Koishik. Bot. Gard. II. t. 20 (1883).—
Rehcler in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XII. 123 (1903). — Gilg &
Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXXIV. Beibl. LXXV. 52 (1904). — Komarov
in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXV. 39 (Fl. Mansh.) (1905). — Finet & Gagne-
pain in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LII. Mem. IV. 20 (1905) ; Contr. Fl.
As. Or. II. 20 (1907). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 327,
fig. 216 f-g, 217 a-f (1909). — Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 403
(1911).

Trochostigma polygatna Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. III. 727, t.

2, fig. 2 (1843).
Trochostigma volubilis Siebold & Zuccarini, 1. c. (1843).
Actinidia volubilis Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 15 (1867); Prol. Fl.

Jap. 203 (1867).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1200-1800 m.,
July 1907 (No. 2013, in part; climber 7 m. tall, flowers white); Fang
Hsien, thickets, alt. 1200-1800 m., July 1907 (No. 2013, in part);
without precise locality, August 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1363'*); with-
out precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5922, 5922% 5922^ 6644, 767).
Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, July 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 1363); same locality, A. //"enry (No.5764). Western Szech'uan:
Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1500-1800 m., June, July and September 18,
1908 (Nos. 934, 2010; climber 5-7 m. tall, flowers white, fruit golden,
ovoid % in. long, of good flavor); Mupin, alt. 2100 m., October 1908
(No. 934"; climber 5 m. tall, fruit ovoid, smooth, orange yellow).

Actinidia polygama has been much confused with A. kolomikta Maximowicz,
though it is easily distinguished, even without leaves, b}'' the large solid white pith
of its branches, while A. kolomikta has lamellate brown pith, a character which
had passed entirely unnoticed until Professor E. Koehne in a letter dated March 24,
1899, drew my attention to this remarkable difference in the pith of the two
species; this observation I subsequently published in 1903 in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr.
Ges. as quoted above.

Actinidia kolomikta Maximowicz in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St.
Petersbourg, IX. 63 {Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859); in Bull. Acad. Sci. St.
Petersbourg, XXXI. 19 (1886); in Mel. Biol. XII. 425 (1886). — Hems-
ley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 78 (1886). — Andr^ in Rev. Hort. 1898,

DILLENIACEAE. — ACTINIDIA 381

36 t. — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 470 (1900). — Diels in Bot.
Jahrh. XXXVI. Beibl. LXXXII. 76 (1905). — Finet & Gagnepain in
Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LII. Mem. IV. 20 (1905) ; Contrib. Fl. As. Or.
II. 20 (1907). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 327, 216 d-e
(1909). — Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 404 (1911).

Prunus ? Kolomikta Maximowicz & Ruprecht in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-

bourg. XV. 129 (1856).
Kalo7mkta mandshurica Regel in Bidl. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 219

(1857).
Trochostigma Kolomikta Ruprecht in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV.

262 (1857).
Actinidia platyphylla A. Gray apud Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 15

(1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 203 (1867).

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, alt. 1800-2400 m., June and Sep-
tember 1908 (No. 854''; climber 3-7 m., flowers white, fruit smooth,
green, ovoid); near and west of Wen-ch'uan Hsien, alt. 1500-2700 m.,
June and October 1908 (Nos. 1058, 1058''; climber 5-7 m., flowers
white, fruit solitary, smooth, russet) ; southeast of Tachien-lu, thickets,
alt. 1800-2400 m., June 1908 (No. 2005; climber 7 m. or more, flowers
white, fragrant); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, thickets, alt.
2100-2700 m., June and September 1908 (Nos. 2008, 2009; climber
4-7 m., flowers white); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4761);
without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 8806).

The plant of western China does not show any obvious differences from the
Japanese plant except that the leaves are generally larger and broader. The color
of the fruit of this species is greenish or yellowish, though it is given in all descrip-
tions as bluish black. This error was probably caused by the statement of Maxi-
mowicz, that he was told by the natives that the fruit is bluish black and edible,
and by the fact that the dried fruit becomes a very dark color.

Actinidia tetramera Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 35
(1889). — Finet & Gagnepain, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LII. Mem.
IV. 21 (1905); Contrib. Fl. As. Or. 21 (1907). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. II. 327 (1909). — Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 404
(1911).

Clematoclethra Giraldii Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 472 (1900).

Western Szech'uan: northeast of Sungpan, thickets, alt. 2100-
2400 m., August 1910 (No. 4557; 7 m. tall); Mupin, thickets, alt.
1800-2100 m., June 1908 (No. SpC*; climber 5-7 m., flowers white,
tinged pink); Pan-lan-shan, west of Kuan Hsien, thickets, alt. 2100-
2700 m., June 1908 (No. 2006; climber 4-7 m., flowers white, fragrant) ;
same locality, alt. 2400 m., October 1910 (No. 4322; 7 m. tall, fruit

382 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

golden, smooth, oval); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4764;
pistillate plant); without precise locality, alt. 1100 m., May 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 3271; flowers rosy pink). Western Hupeh:
Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1500 m., July 1907 (No. 201 1 ; 4-5 m., flowers
white); same locality, woodlands, alt. 1800-2400 m., June 16 and
October 1910 (No. 4322; bush 7 m. or more, flowers white, fragrant,
fruit oval); Hsing-shan Hsien, June 1907 (Veitch Exped. No. 2096);
without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 6821). Northern Shensi:
"monte Kan-y-san ad ovest del Lao-y-san," June 11-12, 1897, G.
Giraldi (distributed as A. kolomiUa).

This species is closely related to A. kolomikta Maximowicz, but is readily dis-
tinguished by its narrower and smaller leaves, bearded in the axils of the veins
beneath but otherwise glabrous or rarely setose on the midrib, and by the tetra-
merous flowers, though tetramerous flowers occur also occasionally in A. kolomikta.
Nos. 3271 and 4764 differ from the other specimens in the longer, long-acuminate
leaves which are bearded in the axils beneath and have more spreading teeth, and
in the dark purplish brown branches; No. 3271 differs further in its very pink
flowers and No. 4764 which is a pistillate plant in its pentamerous flowers. Dunn
refers these specimens to his A. rubricaulis, but from that species they differ con-
siderably in the lamellate pith, in the thin membranous closely and finely serrulate
leaves rounded at the base, and in the very slender-stalked tetramerous staminate
flowers.

A picture of this plant will be found under No. 098 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Actinidia callosa Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot. ed. 2, 439 (1836). — Dyer in
Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 286 (1874). — Hemsley in Jour. Unn. Soc.
XXIII. 78 (1886). — Finet & Gagnepain in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LII.
Mem. IV. 19 (1905); Contrih. Fl. As. Or. 11. 19 (1907). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 324, fig. 216 1 (1909). — Dunn in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 19 (1911). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 413
(1915).

Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10824, white flowers);
Bouth of Red River from Manpan, alt. 2100 m. (No. 10050^; yellow flowers).

Actinidia callosa, var. Henryi Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop.
XL 36 (1890). — Finet & Gagnepain in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LII.
Mem. IV. 19 (1905); Contrih. Fl. As. Or. II. 19 (1907). — Leveille, Fl
Kouy-Tcheou, 413 (1915).

Actinidia callosa Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 470 (non Lindley) (1900).

Actinidia curvidens Dunn in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1906, 1.

Actinidia callosa, forma C. Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 406 (1911).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, common, alt. 1200-
1500 m.. May and October 1907 (No. 512; climber 5-7 m., flowers

DILLENIACEAE. — ACTINIDIA 383

white, fruit greenish, ovoid to elongate); same locaUty, April 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 348); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3494, 3564,
3955, 4377") ; Fang Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1200-1500 m.. May 19,
1907 (No. 2012; climber 3-G m., flowers white, fragrant) ; without pre-
cise locality, A. Hennj (Nos. 5797, 6010, 7243). Western Szech'uan :
Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1500-2200 m., June 1908 (No. 2016; 3-7 m.,
flowers white); Mt. Omei, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4762);
Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1824); without precise locality, alt.
1100 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3273).

Actinidia venosa Rehder, n. sp.
Actinidia callosa, forma D. Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 406 (1911).

Frutex scandens, 3-8-metralis; ramuli medulla ampla alba lamel-
lata, juniores puberuli v. tomentosi, mox glabrescentes et fuscescentes,
interdum setacei, annotini purpureo-brunnei lenticellis oblongis albidis
notati. Folia membranacea, ovata ad ovato-oblonga, ovalia v. elliptica
ad elliptico-oblonga, acuminata v. longe acuminata, basi plerumque
rotundata, interdum subcordata, rarius late cuneata, denticulato-
serrulata v. setaceo-serrulata, 5-15 cm. longa et 3-6, rarius ad 7.5 cm.
lata, supra laete viridia, glabra v. initio sparse setosa, subtus vix palli-
diora, initio ad nervos et venulas plus minusve tomentosa v. interdum
fere glabra, demum glabra v. fere glabra, utrinque nervis 7-11 subtus
manifeste elevatis ante marginem anastomasantibus et trabeculis
numerosis parallelis manifeste elevatis conjunctis; petioli graciles,
1.5-4 cm. longi, initio puberuli v. fere glabri, demum glabri. Flores
flavi, 1.5-2 cm. diam., in cymis petiolo brevioribus; mascuU in cymis
satis densis, 3-7-floris; peduncuU 0.5-1 cm. longi, ut pedicelli sub-
aequilongi fulvo-tomentosi; sepala ovato-oblonga, 5 mm. longa,
utrinque fulvo-tomentosa; petala elliptico-oblonga, Integra v. rarius
eroso-denticulata, circiter 10 mm. longa et 5-6 mm. lata; stamina
petalis triente breviora, antheris 3 mm. longis basi emarginatis; rudi-
mentum pistilli subglobosum, parvum, tomentosum; flores herma-
phroditi in cymis 1-5-floris, petiolo brevioribus; sepala ut in floribus
masculis; petala ovaha, circiter 8 mm. longa et 5 mm. lata; stamina
dimidia petala aequantia; ovarium subglobosum, dense villosum;
styli circiter 15, patentes, apice incrassati et leviter curvati. Fructus
solitarii v. plures, ovoidei v. subglobosi, circiter 1.5 cm. longi, brunnei,
maculis albidis satis dense conspersi, pedunculis 1.5-2 cm. longis;
semina ovoidea, vix compressa, minute foveolata, purpureo-brunnea,
vix 2 mm. longa.

384 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, alt.
1800-2400 m., June and October 1908 (No. 1029, in part, t^q^e; flowers
buff-yellow, fruit russet); same locality, alt. 1200-2100 m., June 1908
(No. 888, in part; flowers buff -yellow) ; Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1800-
2400 m., July 1908 (No. 1029, in part) ; same locality, alt. 1500-1800 m.,
June 1908 (Nos. 888, in part, 891, in part); Wa-wu-shan, Yung-ching
Hsien, alt. 1200-2100 m., September 14, 1908 (No. 888, in part; fruit
glaucescent, ovoid); same locality, September 14, 1908 (No. 891, in
part; fruit ovoid to globose, russet, clustered) ; southeast of Tachien-lu,
alt. 2000 m., July and October 1908 (No. 1029=^; flowers buff-yellow,
fruit russet); Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4765); without
precise locality (Veitch Exped. No. 3275).

This species is closely related to A. callosa Lindley, which is easily distinguished,
however, by the more elliptic or oblong leaves usually broadly cuneate at
the base, with fewer usually 5-7 pairs of lateral veins and with less prominent
veinlets on the under surface, by the glabrous sepals and inflorescence, the white
flowers and by the smaller brown pith of the branches. The flowering specimens
of No. 888 differ somewhat from the other specimens in their narrower and longer,
oblong-ovate, long-acuminate and distinctly setosely serrulate leaves. The fruit of
No. 888 is described by Wilson as glaucescent, while the fruits of the other specimens
are described as russet. Henry's No. 10780 referred by Dunn to his A. callosa i.
D. does not seem to belong here according to the specimens in the herbarium of
the Arnold Arboretum, and represents probably an undescribed species related to
A. chinensis Planchon and A. rudis Dunn.

Here may be added a note on a closely related species not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Actinidia trichogyna Franchet in Jour, de Bat. VIII. 278 (1894).
Actinidia callosa, var. trichogyna Finet & Gagnepain in Bull. Soc. Bot. France,
LII. 20 (1905); Contrih. Fl. As. Or. II. 20 (1907). — Dunn in Jour. Linn.
Soc. XXXIX. 406 (1909).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, rare, June 1901 (Veitch Exped.
No. 2204). Eastern Szech'uan: without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 7135).

Finet & Gagnepain as well as Dunn consider this a variety of A. callosa Lindley,
but it is easily distinguished from that species by the distinctly ovate shape of the
leaves rounded or subcordate at the base and glaucous below, and by the short-
stalked usually solitary staminate flowers with tomentulose sepals. It has the
appearance of a perfectly distinct species. Actinidia sabiaefolia Dunn is very
near, but differs in the smaller crenate-serrate leaves acute or obtusish at the apex
and in the glabrous sepals.

Actinidia coriacea Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 405 (1911).

Actinidia callosa, var. coriacea Finet & Gagnepain in Bull. Soc. Bot. France,
LII. Mem. IV. 20 (1905); Cojitrih. Fl. As. Or. 11. 20 (1907).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 900-1200 m., June
1908 (No. 932, in part; 7 m. tall, flowers reddish); Hung-ya Hsien,

DILLENIACEAE. — ACTINIDIA 385

woodlands, alt. 600-900 m., September 6, 1908 (No. 932, in part; 7 m.
tall) ; Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4760) ; without precise
locality, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3272, 3272'').

This is a very distinct species chiefly characterized by the coriaceous, remotely
mucronate-serrulate leaves and red flowers borne on separate leafless branches or
along the leafless base of the shoots. Seed of this species has been distributed by
the Arnold Arboretum erroneously as A. Henryi.

Actinidia chinensis Planchon in Lond. Jour. Bot. VI. 303 (1847). —
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 78 (1886). — Oliver in Hooker's
Icon. XVI. 1. 1593 (1887).— Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 470 (1900). —
J. H. Veitch in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. XXVIII. 59, t. 15 (1903). —
Finet & Gagnepain in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LII. Mem. IV. 18 (1905);
Contrib. Fl. As. Or. II. 18 (1907). — Schneider, III. Ilandh. Lauhholzk.
II. 323, fig. 216° (1909). — Woodall in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XLVI. 79,
t. (1909). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 431
(1910). — Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXIX. 408 (1911). — Sprague
in Bot. Mag. CXL. t. 8538 (1914).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets, common,
alt. 1200-1800 m., June 1907 (No. 347, in part; climber 7-8 m.,
flowers white changing to buff -yellow) ; Changyang Hsien, June 1901
(Veitch Exped. No. 993) ; without precise locality, April 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 185); without precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 2076,
5574, 5834, 5834-); " Lan-tau," alt. 900 m., June 3-18, 1906, C.
Silvestri (No. 1467). Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-
ch'uan Hsien, alt. 1500-2400 m., June 1908 (No. 347, in part; climber
5-8 m., flowers white, quickly changing to buff-yellow, fragrant);
Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1997). Chekiang: Ningpo, D.
Macgregor, 1908.

Pictures of this plant will be found under Nos. 107, 108, 347, 407, 0129 of the
collections of Wilson's photographs and also in his VegctatioJi of Westerri China,
Nos. Ill, 112, 113. An account of the ornamental and economic value of this
Actinidia appears in Wilson's A Naturalist in Western China, II. 32 (1913).

Actinidia spec.

Western Szech'uan; Ching-chi Hsien, alt. 1800 m., August 1908
(No. 854; climber 5-6 m., fruit oval, red-purple, 18 mm. long).

This specimen seems to represent a distinct species, but the material is so
incomplete that it is impossible to be sure. In its oval-oblong purple fruit it
resembles A. -purpurea Rehder, but the fruit is not rostrate at the apex; the
leaves are generally ovate, usually subcordate at the base, sparingly setose above,
bright green beneath and glabrous or sparingly villous on the midrib, minutely

386 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

mucronate and serrulate with somewhat spreading teeth. The peduncles of the
fruits are soUtary and about 2 cm. long.

CLEMATOCLETHRA Maxim.

Clematoclethra integrifolia Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI.
38 (1890). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIX. 90 (1908).

Western Szech'uan: northeast of Sungpan, alt. 1800-2200 m.,
August 1910 (No. 4027; climber 5-7 m., fruit black); northeast of
Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan, alt. 2500-3000 m., July 9, 1908 (No. 2007;
climber 4-6 m., flowers white, fragrant). Western Kansu: Min-
chou district, alt. 2700 m., W. Purdom.

Clematoclethra actinidioides Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI.
38 (1890). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIX. 91 (1908).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 1800-2100 m., Sep-
tember 1908 (No. 890; climber 5-7 m., fruit black); Pan-lan-shan,
west of Kuan Hsien, alt. 2100-2400 m., October 1910 (No. 4290;
climber 6-7 m., leaves variable in size, fruit black) ; northeast of Sung-
pan, alt. 1800-2100 m., August 1910 (No. 4027%- climber 3-7 m., fruit
black).

Clematoclethra lasioclada Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI.
38 (1890). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 471 (1900). — Komarov
in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIX. 95 (1908).

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien,
thickets, alt. 1500-2700 m., July 1908 (No. 886"; climber 4-7 m.,
flowers white, fragrant); same locality, alt. 1800 m., October 1910
(No. 4545; climber 5-7 m., fruit black); Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1800-
2200 m., July and September 1908 (No. 886=^; climber 4-6 m., flowers
white, fruit black); Yung-ching Hsien, Wa-wu-shan, thickets, alt.
2100-2700 m., July and September 15, 1908 (No. 886''; clunber 3-7 m.,
flowers white, fruit black).

According to Komarov C. lasioclada is glabrous on the under side of the leaves.
No. 886", however, is pubescent on the veins beneath, but does not appear to
differ otherwise.

Clematoclethra lasioclada, var. grandis Rehder, n. comb.

Clematoclethra grandis Hemsley in Hooker's Icon. XXIX, in textu ad t. 2808

(1906).
Clematoclethra Prattii Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIX. 95 (1908).

DILLENIACEAE. — CLEMATOCLETHRA 387

Western Szech'uan : southeast of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2100-
2400 m., October 1910 (No. 4168; cHmber 7 m., fruit black); west of
Kuan Hsien, alt. 2100-2700 m., June and September 1908 (No. 1030;
climber 7 m., flowers white, fruit black); west and near Wen-ch'uan
Hsien, alt. 1800-2400 m., October 1910 (No. 4193; climber 7 m., fruit
black); same locahty, alt. 1500-2700 m., July 1908 (No. 886; climber
4-7 m., fruit black).

This variety appears to differ from the type only in its larger leaves; the pubes-
cence on the veins beneath, considered a distinctive character by Komarov, can be
found also on specimens of the small-leaved forms.

Clematoclethra Faberi Franchet in Jour, de Bot. VIII. 280 (1894). —
Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIX. 93 (1908).

Clethra (§ Clematoclethra, Franch.) sp. ? Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Sac. XXVI.

34 (1889).
Clematoclethra Hemsleyi Baillon in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, II. 873 (1890),

quoad cit. "Hemsley & Forbes."
Clematoclethra Hemsleyana Baillon ex Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIX.

93 (pro synon.) (1908).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 2100 m., October 1910
(No. 4292; climber 5-7 m., fruit black); Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 4766).

Clematoclethra scandens Maximowicz in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 38
(1890). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 471 (1900). — Komarov in
Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIX. 92 (1908).

Clethra scandens Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6t. 2, X. 53, t. 10 {PI.

David. II. 91, t. 10) (1887).
Clematoclethra Maximovnczii Baillon in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, II. 873 (1890).

Western Szech'uan: Pan-lan-shan, west of Kuan Hsien , alt.
2100-2700 m., June 19, 1908 (No. 895, in part; climber 5-8 m., flowers
white) ; Yung-ching Hsien, Wa-wu-shan, alt. 1500-2100 m., September
17, 1908 (No. 895, in part; fruit scarlet); Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1500-
2100 m., June 1908 (No. 895, in part; climber 5-8 m., flowers white);
Mupin, thickets, alt. 1200-1800 m., September 1908 (No. 895, in part,
895*; climber 3-5 m., fruit red); same locality, June 1908 (No. 895^;
climber 3-7 m., flowers white); same locality, alt. 1500-2200 m.,
October 1910 (No. 4206; climber 3-7 m., fruit red); Mt. Omei, June
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4763).

This species varies much in its pubescence and in the shape of its leaves. No.
895 from Mupin differs in its broader leaves from the tjTiical form, which is repre-
sented by the specimens from Yung-ching Hsien, Pan-lan-shan and Wa-shan.

388 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Nos. 895", 895^, 4206 and 4763 are less strigose; they agree with Maximowicz's
description and have been distinguished by Baillon as C. Maximowiczii. No. 4206
is entirely destitute of bristles on the tomentulose branchlets, very sparingly
bristly on the petioles and bristly only on the underside of the midrib of the
leaves. These are comparatively broad, while in No. 895*' they are rather narrow
and cuneate at the base and only shghtly vUlose on the under side.

Clematoclethra Franchetii Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIX. 94
(1908).

Western Szech'uan : Yung-ching Hsien, Wa-wu-shan, alt. 2100-
2700 m., September 12, 1908 (No. 944, climber 3-7 m., fruit dark red).

Clematoclethra lanosa Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex scandens, 3-5-metralis; ramuli hornotini initio dense fulvo-
lanuginosi, demum glabrescentes, annotini glabri, griseo-brunnei,
lenticellis pallidis plerumque satis dense conspersi ; gemmae castaneae,
glabrae. Folia ovata v. ovato-oblonga, acuminata, basi rotundata v.
subcordata, margine dense ciliato-denticulata, 5-9 cm. longa et 3-6.5
cm. lata, supra obscure viridia, glabra costa et venis rufo-villosulis
exceptis, subtus tomento lanuginoso ad costam venasque rufo in facie
griseo v. albido vestita, nervis utrinsecus circiter 8 subtus elevatis;
petioli 2-3.5 cm. longi, dense fulvo-villosi. Cymae plerumquae tri-
florae, dimidium petiolum subaequantes v. paullo superantes; pedun-
culi 1-1.5 cm. longi, ut pedicelli breves 0.3-0.5 cm. longi dense rufo-
lanosi; sepala orbiculari-ovata, extus dense rufo-lanosa, intus puberula;
petala alba, ovalia v. oblongo-ovalia, circiter 7 mm. longa, sepala duplo
superantia; stamina petalis dimidio breviora; stylus gracilis, petala
paullo superantia. Fructus desideratur.

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt. 1200-1800 m.,
June 1907 (No. 2014, in part, type) ; Changyang Hsien, thickets, alt.
1200-1500 m., June 1907 (No. 2014, in part); Fang Hsien, June 1901
(Veitch Exped. No. 2181).

This species seems most closely related to C. cordifolia Franchet, which differs
according to the description in its smaller and broader cordate leaves, sparingly
setose on the midrib beneath, in its short nearly glabrous petioles and in the gla-
brous or puberulous sepals. It may also be compared with C. Faberi Franchet
and C. Franchetii Komarov, but these differ in their less dense and less woolly
pubescence and in the glabrous or minutely puberulous sepals. The first of these
species differs also in the glaucous under side of the leaves and the second in its
much larger leaves. In the pubescence of the leaves and of the inflorescence C.
lanosa resembles C. Hemsleyi Baillon, which is easily distinguished by the long-
stalked Jmany-flowered inflorescence and by the longer pedicels, and our species
might be considered a depauperated form of it, if the color of the fruits proves to
be red.

Wilson's No. 2181 I refer only provisorily to this species; it differs in the spar-

DILLENIACEAE. — CLEMATOCLETHRA 389

ingly hairy upper surface of the leaves, the hairs being tuberculate at the base, in
the presence of long setulose hairs on the midrib beneath and on the petiole, in the
dark browTi color of the older branchlets and in the less shaggy tomentum of the
young branchlets and the petioles. The inflorescence and its tomentum agree
with the type.

Clematoclethra Hemsleyi Baillon in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 11. 873
(1890), excl. cit. "Forbes & Hemsley." — Hemsley in Hooker's Icon.
XXIX. t. 2808 (1906).

Clematoclethra tomentella Franchet in Jour, de Bot. VIII. 280 (1894).—
Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 471 (1900). — Komarov in Act. Hart. Petrop.
XXIX. 94 (1908).

Clematoclethra Henryi Franchet ex Komarov in Act. Hart. Petrop. XXIX. 94
(pro synon.) (1908).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1500-1800 m., July
1907 (No. 2015; climber 3-5 m., flowers white); same locality, Octo-
ber 1910 (No. 4455; climber 7 m., fruit red); without precise locality,
A. Henry (Nos. 6818, 6885).

Here may be added a species related to C actinidioides Maximowicz, not col-
lected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Clematoclethra tiliacea Komarov in Act. Hart. Petrop. XXIX. 91 (1908).
Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3274;
flowers white).

THEACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehdeb and E. H. Wilson.

THEA L.

Sect. EuTHEA Szyszyl.
Thea frateraa O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. I. 65 (1891).

Camellia fraterna Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. s^r. 4, XVIII. 218 (1862). —
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 81 (1886).

Western Hupeh : Ichang, glens, alt. 30-300 m., March 1907 (No.
2207; bush 1-2 m., flowers white); same locality, March 16, 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 8); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3374, 3374'').
Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor.

The Ningpo specimen was compared in the Kew herbarium and found to be

identical with our specimens. The Hupeh specimens have less hairy sepals. Kocha

, ., (in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. XXVII. 586 [1900]) reduces this plant to Thea euryoides

(t^>;~.<OBooth, but Lindley's original figure (in Bot. Reg. XII. t. 983 [1826]) shows a plant

■^ with a longer peduncle, much smaller bracts and sepals and much smaller flowers.

In this herbarium there is a specimen from Formosa collected by A. Henry (No.

90) which agrees exactly with Lindley's figure and is obviously distinct from T.

fraterna.

We suspect that Thea rosaefiora, var. pilosa Kochs (in Bot. Jahrb. XXVII. 585
[1900]) belongs here.

Thea cuspidata Kochs in Bot. Jahrh. XXVII. 586 (1900). — Pam-
panini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 432 (1910).

Thea rosaefiora, var. glabra Kochs in Bot. Jahrb. XXVII. 585 (1900). —

Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 472 (1900).
Camellia cuspidata mGard. Chron.ser. 3, LI. 262, fig. 123 (1912).— J. H. Veitch

in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. XXXVIII. LXII, fig. 38 (1912). — Bean, Trees &

Shrubs Brit. Isl. 1. 284, fig. (1914).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 600-1000 m.,
May 1907 (No. 2208; bush 2 m., flowers white); Changyang Hsien,
October 1900 (Veitch Exped. Seed No. 1099) ; Nanto and mountains
to northward, A. Henry (No. 3024); without locality, A. Henry (Nos.
3216, 7864, 7917, 7442, 6323,5165, 5151, 5360). Eastern Szech'uan:
Wushan Hsien, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 596); same locality,
A. Henry (No. 7026).

390

THEACEAE. — THEA 391

This is a common shrub in thickets and thin woods to the north and south of
Ichang. The flowers are white, and no species of Thea with colored flowers has
so far been reported from western Hupeh or the neighboring part of Szech'uan.
The flowers vary somewhat in size.

Thea sinensis Linnaeus, /Spec. 515 (1753). — Kochs in Bot. Jahrh.
XXVII. 587 (1900). — Matsumura, Ind. PL Jap. 11. 2, 363 (1912).

Thea bohea Linnaeus, Spec. ed. 2, 734 (1762). — Hayne, Arzn. Gew. VII. t.

28 (1855).
Thea viridis Linnaeus, Spec. ed. 2, 735 (1762). — Hayne, Arzn. Gew. VII.

t. 29 (1855).
Thea cochinchinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 338 (1790).
Thea cantoniensis Loureiro, 1. c. 339 (1790).
Thea oleosa Loureiro, 1. c. 339 (1790), quoad descriptionem.
Thea chinensis, var. ^ Bohea Sims in Bot. Mag. XXV. t. 998 (1807). -De

Candolle, Prodr. I. 530 (1824).
Camellia Thea Link, Enum. PI. Hort. Bot. Berol. II. 73 (1822). — Hemsley

in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIIl. 82 (1886). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc.

Inform, add. ser. X. 45 {Fl. Kwangtung &Hongk.) (1912). — L6veill6, Fl.

Kouy-Tcheou, 414 (1915).
Camellia viridis Link, Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. II. 73 (1822).
Thea chinensis De Candolle, Prodr. I. 530 (1824). — Seemann in Trans.

Linn. Soc. XXII. 349, t. 61 (1869).
Thea chinensis, var. viridis De Candolle, Prodr. I. 530 (1824).
Camellia? Scottiana Walhch, Cat. No. 3668 (nomen nudum) (1829). — Dyer

in Joiir. Linn. Soc. XIII. 328 (pro synon.) (1873).
Theaphyla laxa Rafinesque in Sylva Tellur. 139 (1838).
Theaphyla lanceolata Rafinesque, 1. c. (1838).
Theaphyla viridis Rafinesque, 1. c. (1838).
Theaphjjla cantoniensis Rafinesque, 1. c. (1838).
Theaphyla oleifera Rafinesque, 1. c. (1838).

Thea assamica Masters in Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, IV. 48, t. 2 (1844).
Camellia theifera Griffith, Icon. PI. Asiat. IV. t. 601, fig. 1, 3; et t. 603, fig.

1, 2 (1854). — Dyer in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 292 (1874). — Franchet

in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, V. 210 (PI. David. I. 58) (1883).
Camellia Bohea Grifiith, Icon. PI. Asiat. IV. t. 602, fig. 1 (1854).
Thea stncta Hayne, Arzn. Gew. VII. t. 27 (1855).

North-central Szech'uan: Pa-chou, red sandstone ravine, alt.
600-1000 m., July 1910 (No. 4723; bush 2.5-5 m. tall, apparently spon-
taneous). Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, cultivated, September
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4757). Yunnan: Mengtsze forests, alt.
1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10377; tree 6 m., flowers white); Fang-chen-
lin Mountain, forests, alt. 2300 m., A. Henry (No. 10377"; shrub 3 m.);
south of Red River from Manmei, virgin forests, alt. 2300 m., A. Henry
(No. 9722; shrub 2 m.); Ibang, cultivated, A. Henry (No. 13183;
shrub 2 m., source of tea known as Puerh Tea). Western Hupeh:
Nanto and mountains to northward, cultivated, A. Henry (No. 2214);

392 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

without locality, A. i/ewry (Nos. 2499, 7822). Chekiang: vicinity
of Ningpo, 1908, B. Macgregor.

Although many forms of this long cultivated shrub occur, all are undoubtedly
referable to one species. The size of the leaves depends on good cultivation; on
neglected plants the leaves are large, coarse and of comparatively little value,
and if the soil is fairly good and the plants grow freely the leaves assume the size
and shape of those of the so-called Assam Tea plant. Close picking of the young
shoots and leaves dwarfs the plants and reduces the size of the leaves. Henry's
Nos. 10377, 10377'', have large leaves, but his No. 9722 " from a virgin forest "
has leaves in size and substance identical with those of several cultivated speci-
mens before us. The specimens are from wild plants (see Henry in Kew Bull.
Misc. Inform. 1897, 100), and doubtless the plant occurs wild from various parts
of southeastern Yunnan to Assam.

Our No. 4723 has leaves 8-11 cm. long and 4-6.5 cm. wide, and though it is
perhaps safer to regard it as from a naturalized plant it might well be considered
spontaneous. The region is remote and there were many large bushes growing
in a thicket in a sandstone ravine. However this may be, we are of the opinion
that the Tea plant is a native of China and that formerly it was common in the
rain-forest belt throughout the warm-temperate part of western and southwestern
China. To-day these forests have almost entirely disappeared to make way for
agriculture.

The Tea plant is but sparingly cultivated in western Hupeh and in eastern
Szech'uan where the products of this industry are of local importance only, but in
western Szech'uan the industry is a very important one and supplies the whole
of Tibet. The methods employed are pecuUar, and the product is different from that
of other parts of China. A full account of this industry is contained in Wilson's
A Naturalist in Western China, II. 89 (1913). A picture of a Tea plantation
will be found under No. 0172 of the collection of Wilson's photographs. Kaempfer
(Amoen. Exot. 606 [1712]) gives a fine figure of this plant accompanied by a very
full description, but he does not make the combination " Theajaponica " attributed
to him by Seemann (in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. 349, t. 61) and others.

Here may be added the description of a species of the section Euthea not
collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Thea elongata Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex 2-6-metraUs, ramosus; rami graciles, cinerei, glabri; gemmae acutae,
leviter pilosae. Folia chartacea, oblongo-lanceolata v. lanceolata v. oblanceolata,
caudato-acuminata, mucronulata, basi attenuata, supra medium remote leviter
serrulata, 3.5-6 cm. longa et 1-2 cm. lata, supra laete viridia, nitentia, subtus vix
pallidiora, utrinque glaberrima, costa media supra impressa subtus elevata, nervis
venulisque obsoletis; petioh 2-3 mm. longi, glabri. Flores solitarii v. bini, axillares
v. plerumque in ramulis lateralibus pseudo-terminales, albi; pedicelli curvati,
0.4-1 cm. longi, bracteis 5-7 parvis ovatis ciliatis instructi; sepala 5, late ovata v.
subrotundata, acutiuscula, 2 mm. longa, margine scariosa, ciliolosa; petala 5,
epathulato-oblonga, 1.5-2.5 cm. longa et 7-9 mm. lata, rotundata; stamina nume-
rosa, petalis paullo breviora; filamenta quarta parte superiore excepta connata, ad
partem liberam sparse pilosa; pistillum glabrum, 1.8 cm. longum, stylo filiformi
fere ad apicem connato, stigmatibus 3 simplicibus. Fructus desideratur.

Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, October 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4755,
type); same locality, alt. 1300-1600 m., October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3266).

This is a very distinct and graceful species characterized by its narrow elongated
leaves and petals and by its very long pedicels and stamens. It is most closely re-

THEACEAE. — THEA 393

lated to T. cuspidata Kochs, which has stouter branches, large elliptic-lanceolate
leaves, broad flowers on very short pedicels, paleaceous much larger sepals, ovate
petals and shorter stamens.

This new species is common at low altitudes round the base and on the lower
elopes of Mt. Omei.

Sect. Camellia Szyszyl.
Thea oleifera Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Thea oleosa Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 339 (1790), quoad nom. chinensia et notam.
Camellia oleifera Abel, Narr. Jour. China, 363, t. p. 174 (1818). — Lindley

in Bot. Reg. XI. t. 942 (1825). — Loddiges, Bot. Cab. XI. t. 1065 (1825). —

Booth in Trans. Hort. Sac. Lond. VII. 524 (1830). — Seemann in Bonplandia,

VI. 278 (1858); in Trans. Linn. Sac. XXII. 344 (pro synon.) (1859).—

L^veiUe, Fl. Kourj-Tcheou, 414 (1915).
Camellia sasanqua Staunton, Embas. to China, II. 466 t. (non Thunberg)

(1797). — Ker in Bot. Reg. I. t. 12 (1815). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XVII.

9 (1879). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s^r. 2, V. 210 {PI. David.

I. 58) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 82 (1886). — Dunn

& Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 46 (Fl. Kwangtung &

Hongk.) (1912).
Sasanqua oleifera Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 140 (1838).
Thea sasanqua, var. oleosa Pierre, Fl. For. Cochin. II. t. 116, figs, b', b*

(1887). — Kochs in Bot. Jahrb. XXVII. 594 (1900).
Camellia Sasanqua, var. oleifera Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. 1. 225 (1900).
Camellia Sasa7iqua, var. oleosa Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. II. 641

(1914).

Kiangsi: Kiukiang, foothills, alt. 300 m., August 1, 1907 (No.
1532; bush 2-3 m.); Kuling, side of stream, alt. 1300 m., July 31,
1907 (No, 1527; bush 2 m.). Western Szech'uan: An Hsien, cul-
tivated, alt. 600 m., August 1910 (No. 4554; bush 2-6 m.); Hung-ya
Hsien, Wa-wu-shan, thickets, alt. 800 m., September 1908 (No. 2205;
bush 2-2.5 m.); Kiating Fu, banks of Min River, June 1903 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3265); Mt. Omei, October 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4756).
Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong Herb. Nos.
2457, 2452).

This shrub is abundant on the foothills of the Lushan mountains near Kiukiang
and is much cultivated in the warm eastern parts of China for the sake of its seeds,
which, when crushed, yield a sweet oil much esteemed in cooking. In parts of
western Szech'uan it is not uncommon and is also occasionally cultivated.

In China Wilson paid considerable attention to this plant and when in Japan in
1914 to Thea Sasanqua Noisette, and he cannot agree that these plants are specifically
identical. In herbaria they look very similar, it is true, but the Japanese plant may
be distinguished by its thinner leaves with more crcnate serration and by its buds
which are glabrescent or clothed with short, very close appressed gray pubescence
exactly like those of Thea japonica Noisette, whereas in the Chinese T. oleifera the
buds are covered with pale, loose, shaggy villose hairs. There are differences in
the degree of hairiness of the branches and in degree of union of the stamen-filaments,
but these are perhaps not constant. The Uving plants are markedly different in

394 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

general appearance. Thea Sasanqua is exceedingly common throughout the
warmer parts of Japan, forming a large wide-spreading bush and in the extreme
south a small tree. The branches are very slender and wide-spreading and in the
wild plant the flowers are always white. It is a popular garden shrub and under
cultivation forms with pink and rose-colored flowers are common. Doubtless
the pink-flowered plant Kaempfer {Amoen. Exot. 853 [1712]) was familiar with was
cultivated. The Japanese plant is valued chiefly as an ornamental garden shrub,
though the seeds do contain an inferior sort of oil formerly and possibly still used by
women for dressing their hair. But the oil chiefly used in Japan and most highly
valued foi this purpose is that expressed from the seeds of Thea japonica. Oil from
the seed of the Tea plant {Thea sinensis Linnaeus) is also used for the same purpose.
Very probably the oils in the seeds of T. Sasanqua and T. oleifera diiTer in their
chemical composition, as their uses in the two countries are so different.

In regard to Loureiro's Thea oleosa, the native names given belong to T. oleifera
and the substance of his note applies to this plant, but the description obviously
applies to the common Tea plant {T. sinensis Linnaeus). Seemann (1. c), although
he interprets the facts differently, says " what is preserved in the Parisian Museum
as the original specimen of Thea oleosa Loureiro is Thea chinensis, var. Bohea."
We can appreciate the diflSculties under which Loureiro worked, and it is easy to
understand the possibihty of his describing one plant in the firm belief that it
was another of quite different economic value.

A picture of Thea oleifera will be found under No. 0253 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs.

Thea Grijsii Kochs in Bot. Jahrb. XXVII. 591 (1900). — Pritzel in
Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 473 (1900).

Camellia Grijsii Hance in Jour. Bot. XVII. 9 (1879). — Hemsley in Jour.

Linn. Soc. XXIII. 81 (1886).
Thea Grijsii O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. I. 65 (1891). — Szyszylowicz in Engler,

Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abteil. 6, 183 (1893).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, glens, alt. 30-100 m., January 1909
(No. 22o6; bush 2-3 m., flowers white); same locality, A. Henry
(No. 3335); without locality, A. Henry (No. 7921). Western
Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, thickets, alt. 1100 m., October 1908 (No.
2204; bush 2-2.5 m.).

This shrub is fairly common at low altitudes in Hupeh and Szech'uan, where it
flowers at midwinter. The petioles and the lower part of the midrib on both
sides and the upper part of the shoots are often more or less hairy.

Though closely related to T. oleifera, Grijs's plant may be distinguished in the
herbarium by its much more prominently veined and more sharply serrate leaves,
by the short, dense, closely appressed pubescence on the winter-buds, by its very
deeply cleft petals, more united filaments and by its shorter style. The fruit is
also larger and less distinctly globose in shape.

GORDONIA Ell.

Gordonia axillaris Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen-
fam. III. Abteil. 6, 185 (1893).

THEACEAE. — STEWARTIA 395

Camellia axillaris Ker in Bot. Reg. IV. t. 349 (1818). — Sims in Bot. Mag.

XLVI. t. 2047 (1819).
Gordonia anomala Sprengel, Syst. III. 126 (1826). — Champion in Trans.

Linn. Soc. XXI. 114 (1845). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 29 (1861). — Hemsley

in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 80 (1886). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull.

Misc. Inform, add. set. X. 45 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). — Diels

in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 77 (1912).
Polyspora axillaris Sweet, Hort. Brit. 61 (1827). — Hooker in Bot. Mag.

LXIX. t. 4019 (1843). — Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 367 (1852-57).
Gordonia axillaris, var. acuminata Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 473 (1900).

Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, low hills, alt. 300-600 m.,
September 1908 (No. 2448; tree 6-8 m. tall, 0.3-0.6 m. girth, flowers
white); same locality, November 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3204); Mt.
Omei, October 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4758) ; Nanch'uan, Ta-ho-kou,
A. von Rosthorn (No. 147). Yunnan: Mengtsze, forests, alt. 1800-
2800 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10398, 11162). Hongkong: C. Wright
(No. 58 in Herb. Gray) ; same locality, November 1903, C. S. Sargent.
Formosa: South Cape, A. Henry (No. 215); Kelung, May and
June 1903, U. Faurie (No. 4).

This is a common small evergreen tree in the neighborhood of Kiating Fu and
Mt. Omei and is in flower during the latter part of the summer and the autumn.

A picture of this tree will be found under Nos. 390, 391 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 245. The
trivial differences on which Pritzel bases his var. acuminata are inconstant.

Gordonia sinensis Hemsley & Wilson in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform.
1906, 153.

Western Szech'uan: Omei Hsien, woods, alt. 600-1000 m., Au-
gust and November 1908 (No. 2447; tree 13 m. tall, 2 m. girth, flowers
white); Mt. Omei, August 1904, Veitch Exped. (No. 4805).

The bark of this rare tree is gray, firm and moderately smooth with shallow
longitudinal fissures.

STEWARTIA L.

Stewartia sinensis Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Frutex v. arbor parva, 2-10-metralis, ramis erecto-patentibus ; ra-
muU hornotini glabri v. fere glabri v. patentira pilosi, annotini cinerei,
vetustiores cortice fusco-purpureo in laminas tenues solubili vestiti;
gemmae acutae, sericeo-pubescentes. Folia membranacea, oblongo-
elliptica v. obovato-elliptica, acuminata, basi attenuata v. rarius fere
rotundata, remote serrata v. crenato-serrulata, dentibus mucronatis
porrectis V. leviter incurvis, 6-10 cm. longa et 2-4 cm. lata, supra glabra,
luteo-viridia, subtus paullo pallidora v. flavescentia, glabra costa media

396 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

adpresse pilosa excepta v. per totam faciem pilis longis adpressis ad
nervos densius conspersa, nervis utrinsecus 7-10 curvatis subtus ut
costa media elevatis, reticulo venularum subtus leviter elevato, costa
media supra impressa; petioli 5-8 mm. longi, marginati, glabri v.
pilosi. Flores axillares, solitarii, cupulares, albi; pedicelli erecti, 4-8
mm. longi, plus minusve pilosi, apice bracteis 2 foliaceis ovatis v.
ovato-oblongis acutis 2-2.5 cm. longis et 1-1.2 cm. latis serrulatis v.
integris ciliatis extus fere glabris v. plus minusve pilosis instructi;
sepala 5, basi connata, foliacea, duobus exterioribus longioribus, ovata
V. oblongo-ovata, acuta v. obtusiuscula, mucronulata, integra v.
sparse leviter serrulata, 1-2.5 cm. longa et 0.5-1 cm. lata, sparse ciliata,
extus fere glabra v. basin versus pilosa; petala inaequalia, late obo-
vata, apice rotundata, basi cuneata, 2.5-3 cm. longa et 1.5-2 cm. lata,
extus sericeo-pubescentia; stamina in triente inferiore connata, in-
aequalia, 1.5-1.8 cm. longa, filamentis ad basin partis liberae intus ex-
tusque sed intus densius pilosis; ovarium ovoideum, dense pilosum, 6
mm, longum; stylus simplex, glaber, 1 cm. longus, stigmatibus 5
parvis patentibus. Capsula pentagona, subglobosa, apice rostrata, cir-
citer 2 cm. diam., glabrescens v. pilosa, basi sepalis bracteis accrescen-
tibus circumdata; semina oblique ovalia, circiter 1 cm. longa, com-
pressa, alata, brunnea.

Western Hupeh: Paokang Hsien, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No.
2148, type); Fang Hsien, woods, October 1901 (Veitch Exped. Seed
No. 1285); without locality, A. Henry (No. 6166). Eastern
Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A . Henry (Nos. 7392, 7392=^). K i a n g s i :
Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July 31, 1907 (No. 1722).

This interesting addition to the Chinese flora is perhaps most closelj' related
to the Uttle known S. serrata Maximowicz. This Japanese species has similar
but smaller leaves with axillary tufts of hairs between the principal veins below,
a short pedicel and foliaceous but smaller bracts and sepals. The stamens are
free, the ovary is glabrous and the stigmas are more minute. Part of No. 1722
and Henry's No. 7392" differ from the type in the presence of a more copious
pubescence on all parts of the plant. Henry's specimens received from Kew are
labeled S. monadelpha, var., and this plant is referred to by Bean {Trees & Shrubs
Brit. Isl. II. 553 [1914]) as S. monadelpha Siebold & Zuccarini. The Chinese
plant is certainly closely allied to this Japanese species, as both have monadelphous
stamens, a united style and short pedicels, the capsule, however, of S. sinensis is
the largest in the genus, while that of S. jnonadelpha is the smallest.

Last year Wilson became well acquainted with S. monadelpha, which on the
island of Yakushima in particular and in other parts of southern Japan is a very
common tree growing from 16-25 m. tall, ■ft-ith a perfectly smooth, pale brown
trunk from 1.5-3 m. in girth, spreading branches, pubescent leaves, small ovoid,
very slightly and obtusely angled capsules from 8-12 mm. high, 8-9 mm. wide,
and clothed with yellowish appressed villous hairs.

THE ACE AE. — TERNSTROEMIA 397

The Chinese Stewarlia is very common in bush form on the deforested Lushan
range around KuUng. It is a small and rare tree in the forests of western Hui)eh
and has not been reported from western Szech'uan. Stewartia sinensis is now in
cultivation, having been raised from seeds Wilson sent to England in the late
autumn of 1901.

TERNSTROEMIA Mutis.

Ternstroemia japonica Thunberg in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. 335
(1794). — Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1. 148, t. 80 (1840-41).—
Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 27 (1861). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.
75 (1886). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser.
X. 43 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912).

Cleyera japonica Thunberg, Nov. Gen. PI. 69 (1783); Fl. Jap. 224 (1784).

Cleyerafragrans Champion in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXI. 115 (1855).

Cleyera dubia Champion in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXI. 115 (1855).

Ternstroemia fragrans Choisy in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve, XIV. 109 (1855).

Ternstroemia dubia Choisy, 1. c. (1855).

Ternstroemia japonica, f. parvifolia Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd,-Bat. III.

14 (1867).
Ternstroemia japonica, var. parvifolia Dyer in Hooker f ., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 281

(1874).
Taonabo japonica Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. III.

Abteil. 6, 188 (1895). — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. 2, 360 (1912).—

Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 42 (1912).

Kiangsi: Ruling, side of streams, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907
(No. 1537; bush 2-2.5 m.). Korea: Quelpaert, woods, July 1910,
October 1909, Taquet (Nos. 4235, 2931).

This plant is very rare in Kiangsi and apparently does not reach western Hupeh.
The leaves on the Kiangsi specimen are acute or even short acuminate and agree
closely with others from Hongkong. In size they show some approach to the var.
Wightii Dyer.

Ternstroemia japonica, var. Wightii Dyer in Hooker L,Fl. Brit. Ind.
I. 281 (1874).

Cleyera gymnanthera Wight & Arnott, Prodr. 87 (1834). — Wight, Icon. t. 47
(1840). — Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeylan. 40 (1864). — Beddome, Fl. Sylv.
S. Ind. I. t. 91 (1869).

Cleyera Wightii Choisy in Mem. Soc. Phys. Genhve, XIV. 109 (1855).

Ternstroemia aneura Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. I. 477 (1860).

Western Hupeh : Patung Hsien, cliffs, alt. 1000 m., August 1907
(No. 2219; bush 3 m., flowers white); without locality, May and
October 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1921"*); Ichang and immediate
neighborhood, A. Hennj (Nos. 3301, 5987). Yunnan: Szemao,
woods, alt. 1500-1800 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12108^ 12108°, 12108^

t^'

398 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

12108«, 121080. Kwangtung: " Li-kan-ten/' April 22, 1913, W. J.
Tutcher (Ex Herb. Hongkong, No. 10218).

This plant with its broad leaves looks very different from the type and it ap-
pears best to maintain it as a distinct variety. It is apparently common in Yunnan,
but in Hupeh it is rare. The leaves are occasionally slightly serrate.

EURYA Thunb.

Eurya japonica Thunberg, Fl Jap. 191, t. 25 (1784). — De Candolle,
Prodr. I. 525 (1824). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 28 (1861). — Dyer in
Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 284 (1874). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXIII. 77 (1886). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 53, fig.
1-17 (1908). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 415 (1915).

Eurya microphylla Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. 2, 163

{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 55) (nomen nudum) (1845).
Eurya uniflora Siebold & Zuccarini, 1. c. (nomen nudum) (1845).
Eurya montana Siebold & Zuccarini, 1. c. (nomen nudum) (1845).

The specimens we have from the mainland of China belong to the following
varieties.

Eurya japonica, var. nitida Dyer in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 284
(1874). — Pierre, Fl. For. Cochinch. II. t. 126 (1887). — Pitard in Le-
comte, Fl. Ind.-Chin. I. 338 (1910).

Eurya Roxburghii Wallich, Cat. No. 1465 (pro parte) (1828).

Eurya Wightiana WalUch, 1. c. No. 3662 (nomen nudum) (1829).

Eurya fasciculata Wallich, 1. c. No. 4399 (nomen nudum) (1830).

Eurya nitida Korthals, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 115, t. 7 (1839-42).

Eurya systyla Miquel ex Dyer in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 284 (pro synon.)
(1874).

Eurya japonica Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 474 (pro parte) (non Thun-
berg) (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 121
(1910).

Kiangsi : Kuling, side of streams, alt. 1300 m., July 29, 1907 (Nos.
I579> 1572; bush 1-2 m.). Western Hupeh: Ichang, hillsides, alt.
30-600 m., October 1907 (No. 3544; bush 1-3 m., flowers white); same
locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1751); same locality, A. Henry
(Nos. 1907, 2344, 7946); Nanto and mountains to northward, A.
Henry (No. 3187). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, Novem-
ber 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 22; fruit only); same locaHty, A. Henry
(No. 7099). Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, 1904 (Veitch Exped.
Nos. 3280, 3280=*). Yunnan: Mengtsze, woods, alt. 1600-2000 m.,
A. Henry (Nos. 9039, 9039^). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908,

THE ACE AE. — EUKYA 399

D. Macgregor. Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hong-
kong Herb. No. 2396).

This is a common low level shrub in the Yangtsze valley and is easily dis-
tinguished from the type by its finely serrate leaves. In No. 1572 the shoots are
almost terete and puberulous and the styles are deeply divided.

Eurya japonica, var. aurescens Rehder & Wilson, n. var. ^ ,5«^(

Eurya japonica Pritzel in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 474 (non Thunberg)
(1900).

A typo recedit ramulis crassioribus, foliis crassius coriaceis, subito
breviter acuminatis, basi subito contractis interdum rotundatis, ellip-
ticis V. elliptico-oblongis 5-9 cm. longis, densius serrulatis, subtus, in
sicco saltern, aureis v. flavescentibus, costa media supra valde impressa,
stylis distinctis.

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 600-1300 m.,
April and September 1907 (No. 3545, type; shrub 2-6 m. tall, flowers
white or pink, fruit black) ; same locality, April 1900 (No. 22 ; flowers
only); Patung Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 5167, 3673, 5162); without pre-
cise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5170, 7830, 6693). Eastern Szech'uan :
Wushan Hsien, A. i/enr?/ (No. 5616). Szech'uan: Nanch'uan, A.
von Rosthorn (No. 2165).

This variety is well distinguished by the characters described above from the
tjT3e, which has smaller, less coriaceous and much more coarsely toothed leaves
usually green on the under side when dry, and united styles. Very possibly it should
rank as a distinct species, but the species of this genus are very variable and good
distinguishing characters are very few. Most botanists in dealing with this genus
have attached importance to the styles being free or united, but it appears to us
very doubtful if this character has any real significance. We find the degree of
union very variable on the same branch, but we have failed to discover them
entirely free and also connate in the same flower-cluster or on the same flow-
ering branch. Dyer (in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 284) includes the Japanese
type under var. Thunbergii Thwaites, and says the styles are free. But Thwaites
(Enum. Fl. Zeylan. 41 [1864]) describes the branchlets as terete and says nothing
about the styles. In the Japanese type the branchlets are angled and the styles
connate to well above the middle. The Ceylon plant with which Thwaites was
familiar probably belongs to a distinct species.

This new variety is a common shrub in the woods on the mountains of western
Hupeh. It grows to a large size and with its shining, dark green leaves is decidedly
handsome.

Eurya ochnacea Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
III. Abteil. 3, 189 (1893). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 53,
fig. 18-31 (1908). — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 359 (1912).

Cleyera japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 153, t. 81 (non Thun-
berg) (1835).

400 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Cleyera ochnacea De Candolle in Mem. Soc. Phys. Genhve, I. 413 (Mem. Fam.

Ternstr. 21) (1822); Prodr. I. 525 (1824). — Dyer in Hooker f., Fl. Brit.

Ind. I. 283 (1874). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 76 (1886).
Ternstroemia Lushia Hamilton apud D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 225 (1825).
Cleyera ochnoides Wallich apud G. Don, Gen. Syst. Bat. 1. 566 (1831).
Cleyera Wallichiana Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 154 (1841).
Cleyera Mertensiana Siebold & Zuccarini, 1. c. 154 (1841).

Kiangsi : Ruling, side of stream, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907 (No.
1546; bush 1-2 m.). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, Octo-
ber 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 2688). Korea: Quelpaert, October
1906, U. Faurie (No. 495); same locality, July 1908, 1909, 1910 and
October 1909, Taquet (Nos. 591, 2692, 4136, 2693).

This is a common shrub in the neighborhood of Kuling but rare farther west.
In the warmer parts of Japan it forms a small tree and is very abundant.

Here may be added notes on two species not collected during the Arnold
Arboretum Expeditions.

Eurya chinensis R. Brown in Abel, Narr. Jour. China, 379, t. (1818). — De
Candolle, Prodr. I. 525 (1824). — Champion in Hooker's Jour. Bot. & Kew Card.
Misc. III. 307 (1851); in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXI. 113 (1855). — Seemann, Bot.
Voy. Herald, 366 (1856). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 76 (1886). — Prit-
zel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 474 (1900). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. In-
form, add. ser. X. 44 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912).

Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, hillsides, June 1903 (Veitch Exped. No.
3280'^); Hongkong: Mt. Parker, December 18, 1903, W. J. Tutcher (Ex Herb.
Hongkong, No. 987, in part); " Sha-Tin Gap," 1909, M. L. Gibbs (Ex Herb.
Hongkong, No. 7447); without exact locality, H. F. Hance (No. 497, in part,
Herb. Gray). Kwangtung: Whampoa, December 1865 (Herb. Hance, 497, in
part); without locality, J. Potts (in Herb. Gray). Formosa: South Cape, A.
Henry (No. 375); " Taitan," May 1903, U. Faurie (No. 49).

This critical species is perhaps only an extreme form of E. japonica Thunberg,
yet it is easily recognized by its smaller leaves of thin texture. The pubescence on
the shoots varies considerably in degree and in the specimen from western Szech'uan
the shoots are puberulous only. But whatever its relationship to E. japonica may be
it is most certainly distinct from another Japanese species with which it was united
by Blume (Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 108 [1862]) and whose conclusions have been
accepted by all botanists who have since dealt with this plant. The Japanese
species E. emarginata Makino (in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVIII. 19 [1904]), which was
named Hex emarginata by Thunberg (Fl. Jap. 78 [1784]), is a littoral shrub with
thick, coriaceous, obovate-cuneate, emarginate leaves and relatively thick shoots
which are densely clothed with a short rufous-brown, villous tomentum. It is very
common on and near the seashore in southern Japan and especially on the island
of Yakushima. We have also seen specimens from Quelpaert {U. Faurie, No.
493, and Taquet, Nos. 2691, 2690) off the southern end of Korea, but none from
Formosa or China; and probably it does not grow there.

Eurya acuminata De Candolle, in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve, I. 418 (Mem. Fam.
Ternstr. 26) (1822); Prodr. I. 525 (1824). — WalUch, Cat. No. 1464 (1828).—
Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 117 (1854).

THEACEAE. — EUEYA 401

Diospyros serrata Hamilton apud D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 145 (1825).
Ternstroemia hifaria Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 145

(pro synon.) (1825).
Eurya lucida Wallich, Cat. No. 1462 (nomen nudum) (1828).
Eurya hifaria Wallich, 1. c. No. 3721 (nomen nudum) (1829).
Eurya membranacea Gardner in Calcutta Jour. Nat. Hist. VII. 444 (1847).
Eurya Wallichiana Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 118 (non Steudol) (1862).
Eurya japonica, 0 acuminata Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeylan. 41 (1864).
Eurya acuminata, var. Wallichiana Dyer in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 285

(1874). — Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chin. I. 339 (1910).

Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu mountains, alt. 600-1600 m., October
1903 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3279, 3279-^); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
4767). Yunnan: Mengtsze, forests, alt. 1600-2300 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9039^,
11171, lUU^). Formosa: Bankinsing, A. Henry (Nos. 196, 535).

This plant is common as a shrub from 2-6 m. tall and wide on hills in the neighbor-
hood of the city of Kiating and on the lower slopes of Mt. Omei. The sepals are
usually slightly hairy on the outside as described by Don (1. c). Two specimens
in the Herb. Gray collected by Hooker f. and Thomson and by them distributed
as Eurya chinensis belong here. Dyer (1. c.) has referred specimens so named to
is E. acuminata, var. euprista.

Eurya acuminata, var. multiflora Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 117 (1854).
Eurya multiflora De Candolle in Mem. Soc. Phys. Genbve, I. 417 {Mem. Fam.

Ternstr. 25) (1822); Prodr. I. 525 (1824).
Geeria serrata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 124 (1825).

Eurya acuminata Royle, III. Bot. Himal. 127, t. 24 (non De Candolle) (1839).
Eurya euprista Korthals, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 113 (1839-42).
Eurya serrata Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 115 (1862).
Eurya salicifolia Blume, 1. c. 118 (1862).
Eurya acuminata, var. euprista Dyer in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 285 (1874).

— Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chin. I. 339 (1910).
Eurya angustifolia Wallich ex Dyer in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 285 (pro

synon.) (1874).

Western Szech'uan: hills around Kiating City, October 1903 (Veitch Exped.
No. 3278; bush 1-2 m.); Mt. Omei, April 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4768; bush
6 m.). Yunnan: Mengtsze, A. Henry (No. 9021); Szemao, mountains, alt.
1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10914^).

In our specimens of this variable plant the bracts and sepals are sparsely hairy
without and the styles though virtually free are united at the very base. In one
specimen they are entirely free. In Henry's No. 10914*^ the ovary is sparsely
strigose. This plant is very common at the base of Mt. Omei.

GUTTIFERAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder.

HYPERICUM L.

Hypericum Ascyron Linnaeus, Spec. 783 (1753). — Choisy, Prodr.
Monog. Hyperic. 41 (1821); in De Candolle, Prodr. I. 545 (1824). —
Hance in Jour. Bot. XVIII. 259 (1880). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad.
Set. St. Petershourg, XXVII. 430 (1881); in Mel. Biol. XI. 162
(1881). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, V. 207 {PI. David.

I. 55) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 72 (1886).—
Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 476 (1900). — Keller in Bot. Jahrb.
XXXIII. 550 (1904). — Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
XV. 406 (1908). — Sprague in Bot. Mag. CXL. t. 8557 (1914).

Hypericum pyramidatum Alton, Hort. Kew. III. 103 (1789). — Ventenat,

Jard. Malmaison, II. t. 118 (1804).
Ascyron sibiricum Lamarck, Enc. Meth. IV. 147, t. 642, fig. 3 (pro synon.)

(1797).
Hypericum aviplexicaule Lamarck, 1. c. (1797).
Hypericum ascyroides Willdenow, Spec. III. 1443 (1800).
Hypericum macrocarpum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 82 (1803).
Roscyna Gmelini Spach, Hist. Veg. V. 430 (1836).
Roscyna americana Spach, 1. c. 431 (1836).
Roscyna japonica Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 21 (1852).
Hypericum Ascyron, var. hupehense Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.

ser. XVII. 432 (1910), XVIII. 129 (1911).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, uplands, 1907 (No. 582; herb 1
m. tall, flowers yellow).

Hypencum. patulum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 295 (1784); Icon. PI. Jap.

II. t. [7] (1800). — Choisy, Prodr. Monog. Hyperic. 41 (1821); in De
Candolle, Prodr. I. 545 (1824). — Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. XCIV. t.
5693 (1868). — Dyer in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 254 (1875). — Hance
in Jour. Bot. XVI. 104 (1878). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St.
Petershourg, XXVII. 429 (1881); in Mel. Biol. XI. 161 (1881).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 73 (1886). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh.
XXIX. 476 (1900). — Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV.
406 (1908).

Norysca patula Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 23 (1852).

402

GUTTIFERAE. — HYPERICUM 403

Western Szech'uan: Yangtsze cliffs, June 1903 (Veitch Exped.
Nos. 3261, 3263).

Hypericum patulum, var. Henryi Veitch in Gard. Chron. ser, 3,
XXXVI. 229 (sine descriptione) (1904). — Bean in Gard. Chron. ser.
3, XXXVIII. 179 (1905); Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 639 (1914). —
Rehder in Bailey, Standard Cycl. Hort. III. 1631 (1915).

A typo recedit praecipue sepalis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis acutis v.
acuminatis, stylis saepe ovario longioribus. Cymae 3-7-florae, inter-
dum ad 15-florae; flores 4-5 cm. diam.

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, alt. 1200-1500 m., July 1907
(No. 2419; shrub 0.75-1 m., flowers yellow); without precise locality,
June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 2216); without precise locality, A.
Henry (No. Q099). Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-
chuan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1200-1800 m., July 1908 (No. 2418; bush
about 1 m. (No. 2418); same locality, A. von Rosthorn (No. 3112);
Tachien-lu, abundant in thickets, alt. 1500-2400 m., July and Novem-
ber 1908 (No. 1355; shrub 0.75-1 m. tall, flowers golden). Yunnan:
Mengtsze, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 9986).

This variety is easily distinguished from the type by its narrower acute sepals,
which are broad and rounded in the type. The cymes are several- to many-flowered,
the flowers larger and the leaves, too, are usually larger and of thicker texture. At
the Arnold Arboretum it has proved of more vigorous growth and hardier than the
type. This variety seems to be a parallel case with H. H ookerianum, var. Les-
chenaultii Dyer, which also differs in its acute sepals from the type.

Hypericum Hookerianum Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. 99
(1834). — Dyer in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 254 (1875). — Schneider,
ni. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 335, fig. 223 e (1909).

Hypericum oblongifolium Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. LXXXII. t. 4949 (nonChoisy)

(1856).
Hypericum patulum Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 129, 224 (non

Thunberg) (1912).

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 1500-2400 m.,
July 1908 (No. 1355''; bush 1 m. tall, flowers golden); same locality,
alt. 2100-2500 m., October 1910 (No. 4338; bush 1 m. tall); same lo-
cality, A. E. Pratt (No. 292). Yunnan: Lichiang valley, alt. 2500
m., June 1906, G. Forrest (No. 2425); Tali range, alt. 2100-3300 m.,
June-September 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4300).

This species is very near //. patulum Thunberg and possibly is only a variety
of it.

404 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Hypericum chinense Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1184 (1759). —
Choisy in Prodr. Monog. Hyperic. 40 (1821); in De Candolle, Prodr.

I. 545 (1824). — Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg,

II. 84 (Eyium. PI. Chin. Bor. 10) (1833). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XVII.
8 (1879). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, XXVII.
428 (1881); in Mel. Biol. XI. 162 (1881). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn.
Soc. XXIII. 72 (1886). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 475 (1900). —
Keller in Bot. Jahrh. XXXII. 548 (1904). — Schneider, III. Handh.
Lauhholzk. II. 337, fig. 224^ (1909).

Hypericum monogynum Linnaeus, Spec. ed. 2, 1107 (1763). — Thunberg, Fl.

Jap. 29 (1784).
Hypericum aureum Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 472 (1790).
Norysca chinensis Spach, Hist. Veg. V. 427 (1836).
Norysca aurea Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 23 (1852).
Norysca punctata Blume, 1. c. (1852).

Kiangsi : Kuling, thickets, alt. 1200 m., July 28, 1907 (No. i6o6;
bush 1 m. tall, flowers golden). Western Hupeh: Ichang, cliffs,
glens, gorges, alt. 300-500 m.. May and July 1907 (No. 2422, 2421;
bush about 1 m. tall, flowers yellow); same locality, A. Henry (Nos.
3233, 3234). Szech'uan: cliffs of the Yangtsze, June 1903 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3262).

Hypericum Prattii Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIX. 303
(1892). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 475 (1900).

Kiangsi: Kuling, common, alt. 1200 m., July 27, 1907 (No. 1604;
bush 0.75-1 m. tall, flowers golden). Western Hupeh: Ichang, glens,
alt. 300 m.. May 1907 (No. 2421*; bush 0.75-1 m. tall, flowers golden
yellow). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, alt. 600-1000 m.,
September 1907j(No. 2420; bush 0.75 m. tall, flowers golden yellow).
Western Szech'uan : without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 8808).

This species is perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. Wilson's Nos.
1604 and 2420 are distinctly intermediate, the inflorescence and the upper leaves
are those of typical H. Prattii, but the lower leaves do not differ from those of H.
chinense Linnaeus.

Hypericum longistylimi Oliver in Hooker^s Icon. XVI. t. 1534
(1886). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 476 (1900). — Pampanini m
Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 670, fig. 15 (1910).

Hypericum Giraldii Keller in Bot. Jahrh. XXXIII. 548 (1904). — Pavolini in

Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 406 (1908).
Hypericum longistylum Oliv. var. Giraldii Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot.

Ital. n. ser. XVII. 670, fig. 15 c (1910).
Hypericum longistylum Oliv. var. Silvestrii Pampanini, 1. c. fig. 15 b (1910).

GUTTIFERAE. — HYPERICUM 405

Western Hupeh: Ichang, cliffs, alt. 300 m., April 1907 (No. 2424;
bush about 1 m. tall, flowers yellow); same locality, A. Henry (Nos.
718, 1999); Hsing-shan Hsien, dry banks and cliffs, alt. 600-1200 m.,
June 8, 1907 (No. 2423; bush 0.75-1 m. tall, flowers yellow); without
precise locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 473).

I have not seen the type of H. Giraldii, but Pampanini's statements leave Httle
doubt that it is only a variety of H. longistylum, closely connected with the type by
the intermediate H. longistylum, var. Silvestrii Pampanini,

TAMARICACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder.

TAMARIX L.

Tamarix chinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. I. 228 (1790). — Willdenow
in Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1812-13, 79 (1816). — De Candolle, Prodr.
III. 96 (1828). — Bunge in Mem. Sav. Mr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,
II. 102 {Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 28) (1833); Tent. Gen. Tamar. 46
(1852). — Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 186 (1841). — Debeaux
in Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXXIII. 44 {Fl. Tien-tsin, 21) (1879). —
Franchet in Mem. Soc. Sd. Nat. Cherbourg, XXIV. 220 (1882). —
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 346 (1888). — Niedenzu, Gen.
Tamar. 9 (1895). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 342, fig.
228 e-i (1909).

Tamarix gallica, ^ chinensis Ehrenberg in Linnaea, II. 267 (1827).

Tamarix indica Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, II. 102
(Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 28) (non Willdenow) (1833). — Maximowicz in
Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 471 (Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, cultivated, alt. 600-900 m.,
July 1907 (No. 2350; bush 3 m. tall, flowers blush); same locality,
river-side, June 1906 (Veitch Exped. No. 2197; bush 1.25 m. tall).
Chili: near Tien-tsin, October 4, 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 399).
Fokien: Amoy, 1845, R. Fortune (No. 103).

In western Hupeh this species seems to be only cultivated or occasionally to
have escaped from cultivation; Wilson's No. 2197 collected on the river-side being
probably an escape according to Wilson himself.

The two following species not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expedi-
tion are only occasionally cultivated in central and western China.

Tamarix parvifiora De Candolle, Prodr. III. 97 (1828). — Bunge, Tent. Gen.
Tamar. 28 (1852). — Planchon in Fl. des Serres, IX. 105, t. 898 (1853). — Boissier,
Fl. Or. I. 769 (1867). — Niedenzu, Gen. Tamar. 6 (1895). — Halacsy, Consp. Fl.
Graec. 1. 564 (1901). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 344, fig. 229 i-m
(1909).

Tamarix tetrandra Grisebach, Spicil. Fl. Rumel. I. 299 (non Pallas) (1843). —
Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1855, 401, t.

406

TAMAKICACEAE. — MYRICAKIA 407

Western Hupeh: Ichang, cultivated, April 1901 (Veitoh Exped. No. 1900).
This species is j)robably only rarely cultivated in China. Wilson found it in the
garden of a Mr. Wong, who had introduced plants from European nurseries.

Tamarix juniperina Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. PUershourg, II.
102 {Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 28) (1833). — Bunge, Tent. Gen. Tamar. 45 (1852).—
Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 343, fig. 229 e-i (1909).

Tamarix chinensis Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 132, t. 71 (non Loureiro)
(1840). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 91 (1912).

Yunnan: Lichiang valley, cultivated, May 1906, G. Forrest (No. 2039).

MYRICARIA Desv.

Myricaria bracteata Royle, III. Bot. Himal. 214, t. 44 (1839). —
Boissier, Fl. Or. I. 763 (1867).

Myricaria Hoffineisteri Klotzsch, Bot. Ergeb. Reise Prim Waldem. 120, t.
25 (1862).

Myricaria germanica Dyer in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 250 (non Desvaux)
(1875). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 347 (1888), synon. " Myri-
caria alopecuroides " excluso.

Western Szech'uan: beds of streams, common, October 1910,
alt. 900-2400 m. (No. 4344; bush 1-3 m. tall, flowers pink); beds of
streams, alt. 300-2700 m., September 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3191);
Min River, sandy and stony places, June 1903 (Veitch Exped. No.
3192). Western Hupeh: Ichang, A. Henry (Nos. 22, 843).

This species is most closely related to M. germanica Desvaux, but differs from it
chiefly in its shorter acuminate bracts, broader sepals with a broad membranous
usually pink margin and petals nearly twice as long as the sepals.

Myricaria dahurica Ehrenberg in Linnaea, II. 278 (1827). — De
Candolle, Prodr. III. 98 (1828).

Tamarix dahurica Willdenow in Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1812-13, 85 (1816).

Western Szech'uan : Tachien-lu, beds of streams, alt. 1500-4000
m., July 7, 1908 (No. 3268; shrub 3-4 m. tall, flowers pink); without
precise locality, alt. 2400 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3193).
Western Kansu: Minchow, Tow River, alt. 2100-2700 m., W.
Purdom.

PASSIFLORACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

PASSIFLORA L.

Passiflora cupiformis Masters in Hooker's Icon. XVIII. t. 1768

(1888).

Passiflora Franchetiana Hemsley in Hooker's Icon. XXVII. sub t. 2623 (1899).

Eastern Szech'uan: Kai Hsien, ravine, alt. 1000 m., July 1910
(No. 4626; climber 5 m. taU, fruit globose). Yunnan: Mengtsze,
woods, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 11192, type of P. Franchetiana
Hemsley).

This plant has been seen by Wilson on only one occasion. Hemsley in describing
his P. Franchetiana must have overlooked Masters's description and figure.

Hemsley (in Hooker, Icon. PI. XXVIl. t. 2622 [1899]) cites Henry No. 10282 as
the type of his P. Henryi. In the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum the number
is No. 10252.

408

ELAEAGNACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder.

HIPPOPHAE L.

Hippophae rhamnoides Linnaeus, S-pec. 1023 (1753). — Schlecht-
endal in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 607 (1857). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit.
Ind. V. 203 (1890). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6t. 2,
VII. 71 {PI. David. I. 261) (1884). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 405 (1894). — Servettaz in Bot. Centralb. Beih. XXV. 2, 5
(1909). — Schneider, III. Handh. Lauhholzk. II. 407, fig. 277 a-i,
278 a-d (1909).

Osyris rhamnoides Scopoli, Fl. Cam. ed. 2, II. 261 (1772).

Rhamnoides hippophae Moench, Meth. 343 (1794).

Hippophae littoralis Salisbury, Prodr. 71 (1796).

Hippophae rhamnoides B. H. r. sibirica Hort. Belv. apud Steudel, Nomencl.

410 (nomen nudum) (1821).
Hippophae sibirica Hort. ex Steudel, Nomencl. II. 770 (pro synom.) (1841).
Hippophaes rhamnoideum St. Lager ^ ex Jackson, Ind. Kew. I. 1164 (pro

synon.) (1895).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, river bottoms, woodlands, alt. 2100
m., August 1908 (No. 928"). Shensi: Wu-tai-shan, W. Purdom
(No. 189). Chili: Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, alt. 1500 m., August 23,
1913, F. W. Meyer (No. 1323).

Hippophae rhamnoides, var. procera Rehder in Bailey, Standard
Cycl. Hort. III. 1495 (sine descriptione latina) (1915).

A typo recedit praecipue ramulis junioribus praeter squamas pilis
fasciculatis longis vestitis ideoque praesertim apicem versus dense
villoso-tomentosis, foliis supra initio pilis stellatis laxe vestitis demum
glabris. Frutex v. arbor ad 18 m. alta, trunco ad 4.5 m. in circuitu
metiente, ramis spinosis paucis vix rigidis munita v. fere inermis;
ramuli juniores praesertim apicem versus villoso-tomentosi. Folia
oblongo-lanceolata v. lanceolata, acuta v. acutiuscula, basi ple-
rumque late cuneata, 3-6 cm. longa et 0.7-1.5 cm. lata, supra initio

» In the place cited by Jackson (Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, VII. 88 [1880]) St. Lager
does not make the combination attributed to him, but says merely that Hippo-
phaes is neuter.

409

410 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

stellato-pilosa, mox glabra, subtus dense argenteo-lepidota, saepe
squamis fuscescentibus intermixtis, costa media plerumque fuscescente
et basin versus pilis stellatis conspersa; petioli 1-3 mm, longi, saepe
fasciculato-pilosi. Fructus subglobosus, 5-6 mm. longus, aurantiacus;
putamen 4 mm. longum.

Western Szech'uan : Tachien-lu, woodlands, etc., alt. 2400-3900
m., October 1908 (No. 928, type); same locality, alt. 2800-3300 m.,
July 1902 (Veitch Exped. No. 4421''); Mupin, woodlands, river-
bottoms, alt. 2100-3800 m., October 1908 (No. 928, in part); Min
valley, alt. 1500-3000 m., August 1902 (Veitch Exped. No. 4421;
1-6 m. tall).

This variety differs from the typical H. rhamnoides in the villous young branch-
lets and in the stellate tomentum of the upper surface of the leaves; the villous
pubescence being particularly conspicuous on the tips of the growing shoots. In
the shape of the leaves and in the stellate pubescence of their upper surface it
resembles H. salicifolia D. Don, but is easily distinguished from that species by
the lepidote, not tomentose under surface of the leaves. Wilson's No. 4421 forms a
transition toward typical H. rhamnoides; the leaves are scaly and sparingly pilose
above while young and become glabrous or nearly so with age. Hippophae rham-
noides, var. procera seems to grow taller than any other form of the genus. Servettaz
gives 9 m. as the maximum height of the species.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 172 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 250.

ELAEAGNUS L.

Elaeagnus umbellata Thunberg, Fl Jap. 66, t. 14 (1784). — D. Don,
Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 68 (1825). — Schlechtendal in De Candolle, Prodr.
XIV. 614 (1857). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg,
s6t. 3, XV. 378 (1870); in Mel Biol. VII. 560 (1871). — Hooker f.,
Fl Bnl Ind. V. 201 (1870). — S. Moore in Jour. BoL XVI. 138
(1878). — Hance in Jour. Bol XX. 38 (1882). — Franchet in Mem.
Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, XXIV. 250 (1882). — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXVI. 404 (1894). — Diels in Bol Jahrh. XXXVI.
Beibl. LXXXII. 79 (1905); in Nol Bol Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 104,
268, 285 (1912). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 54 (1908). —
Servettaz in Bull Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, VIII. 382 (1908); in Bol
Centralb. Beih. XXV. 2, 49, fig. 9 (1909). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn.
Bol Ital n. ser. XVII. 675 (1910).

Elaeagnus parvifolia Wallich, Cat. No. 4026 (nomen nudum) (1829). —
Royle, III. Bot. Himal. 323, t. 81, fig. 1 (1839). — Lindley in Bot. Reg.
XXIX. t. 51 (1843). — Schlechtendal in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 612
(1857).

ELAEAGNACEAE. — ELAEAGNUS 411

Elaeagnus umheUata, ssp. parvifolia Servettaz in Bull. Herb. Boissier, s6r. 2,
VIII. 383 (1908); in Bot. Centralb. Beih. XX. 2, 55 (1909).

Elaeagnus umheUata, var. parvifolia Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II.
411, fig. 280 d-e (1909).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, side of streams, abundant, alt.
600-1200 m., May 21, 1907 (No. 3561; bush 1-3 m., flowers white);
" Kao-kien-scian," alt. 800 m., May-June 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1548).
Western Szech'uan: Hung-ya Hsien, Wa-wu-shan, thickets, alt.
1500 m., June and September 12, 1908 (No. 835, in part; bush 2-3 ra.,
flowers white, fruit bright red); Niu-tou-shan, west of Kuan Hsien,
alt. 1200-1800 m., June 26, 1908 (No. 835, in part; bush 2-3 m. tall,
flowers white, becoming yellow with age) ; Min valley, around Mao-
chou, alt. 1200-2000 m., May 23-24 and August 1908 (No. 835, in
part; bush 1-2 m. tall, flowers creamy-white, fruit scarlet); Wa-shan,
thickets, alt. 1500 m., June and August 1908 (No. 835, in part; bush
1.25-2 m. tall, flowers white, fruit scarlet); Tung valley, east of
Tachien-lu, side of streams. May 1908 (No. 3556; bush 1-2 m. tall);
without precise locality, roadside, alt. 2000 m., July 1903 (Veitch
Exped. No. 4419). Western Kansu : Choni district, 1912, Wm.
Purdom. Shensi: "Monte Kan-y-san ad O. del Lao-y-san," June
11-12, 1897, G. Giraldi; Yenan Fu, 1910, W. Purdom. Shan-si:
Ching-pin, May 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 413). Shantung: Tsingtau,
1901, Zimmermann (No. 370).

The Szech'uan plant seems to be most closely related to the Himalayan var.
parvifolia Schneider, as it has the winter-buds and branchlets covered with silvery
scales, the inner surface of the lobes of the perianth stellate-pilose and the anthers,
at least partly, apiculate, but the pubescence of the style is scaly, hke that of
typical E. umheUata, not stellate as in var. parvifolia. The specimens, however,
from Shensi and Shantung, and Silvestri's specimen from Hupeh, are nearer to
the typical Japanese form. This shows that while the Szech'uan plant approaches
the Himalayan form, the plant of the northern and northeastern provinces is
almost identical with the Japanese plant.

Elaeagnus magna Rehder, n. sp.

Elaeagnus umbcllata, ssp. magna Servettaz in Bull. Herb. Boissier, s^r. 2,
VIII. 383 (1908); in Bot. Centralb. Beih. XXV. 2, 58 (1909).

Frutex 1-3-metralis; rami elongati, inermes v. spinis brevibus nudis
V. longioribus foliatis muniti, juniores squamis albidis v. flavido-albidis
interdum fulvis intermixtis obtecti, vetustiores cinereo-fusci; gemmae
ferrugineae v. fulvae. Folia deciduav.partim per hiemem persistentia,
membranacea v. chartacea, ea ramulorum floriferorum plerumque
obovata v. elliptica v. obovato-oblonga, basi late cuneata v. rarius

412 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

fere rotundata, apice rotundata v. breviter obtuse acuminata, 2.5-5
cm. longa et 1.5-2.3 cm. lata, rarius majora, ea turionum plerumque
oblongo-obovata v. elliptico-oblonga, basi cuneata, apice acuminata
V. rarius obtusiuscula, 5-10 cm. longa et 2.5 -3.8 cm. lata, omnia subtus
dense argenteo-lepidota, nitida, interdum praesertim basalia et minora
squamis flavis v. ferrugineis paucis conspersa, supra squamis argenteis
laxe V. initio interdum dense conspersa v. fere glabra, luteo-viridia,
opaca; petioli canaliculati, squamis albidis ferrugineis v. flavis inter-
mixtis obtecti, 3-6 mm. longi. Flores 1-3, axillares, in ramulis abbrevi-
atis congesti, albidi, extus dense argenteo-lepidoti, cernui, breviter
pedicellati pedicello 3-5 mm. longa; perigonii tubus tubuloso-campanu-
latus, plus minusve quadrangularis, basi subito contractus, 7-8 mm.
longus; lobi rotundato-ovati, acuminulati, intus glabri, 5-6 mm. longi,
tubum dimidium aequantes v. superantes; antherae subsessiles, nudae,
obtusae, 4 mm. longae; stylus glaber, apice leviter incurvatus; ova-
rium anguste ellipsoideum, argenteo-lepidotum 3 mm. longum. Fructus
ellipsoideo-oblongus, 12-15 mm. longus, succulentus, ut videtur ruber,
argenteo-lepidotus, styli basi persistente coronatus, nutans, pedicello
4-6 mm. longo; putamen manifeste 8-costatum, anguste ellipsoideum,
utrinque attenuatum, circiter 12 mm. longum et 4.5 mm. diam.

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, rocky places, com-
mon, alt. 300-900 m., May 6 and June 1907 (No. 50; bush 1.25-2.75 m.
tall, flowers white, fruit red; same locality, A. Henry (No. 1637, type;
quoted by Servettaz as 1437) ; Changyang Hsien, ravines, alt. 300-750
m., April and June 1907 (No. 50^; bush 1.25-3.25 m. tall, flowers
yellow); same locality, roadsides, alt. 300-750 m.. May 1907 (No,
3568; bush 1.75-2.75 m. tall); Fang Hsien, side of streams, alt. 600-
1200 m., May 21, 1907 (No. 3561''); Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt.
600-1200 m.. May 1907 (No. 3559; bush 1.75-2 m. tall, flowers yel-
low); without precise locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 106);
without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 7775).

Servettaz, who had seen only fruiting specimens, referred this plant as a large-
fruited subspecies to E. umbcllata Thunberg, but Wilson's specimens which un-
doubtedly belong to the same form show that the flowers are tubular-campanulate
with a rather short broad tube distinctly constricted at the base, not tubular and
gradually narrowed toward the base as in E. umbellata. Wilson's Nos. 50* and
3568 agree in fruit and leaf very well with Henry's No. 1637 except that the texture
of the leaves is slightly firmer; the other specimens have somewhat smaller, more
obtuse and more chartaceous leaves.

Elaeagnus multiflora Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 66 (1784). — Schlechtendal
in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 614 (1857). — Hooker f. in Bot.

ELAEAGNACEAE. — ELAEAGNUS 413

Mag. CXX. t. 7341 (1894). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI.
404 (1894). — Servettaz in Bull. Herb. Boissier, s6r. 2, VIII. 383
(1908); in Bot. Centralh. Beih. XXV. 2, 58 (1909). — Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. II. 411, fig. 279 n-w, 280 k-n (1909).

Elaeagnus longipes A. Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. Sci. n. ser. VI. 405 (1859). —

Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, s6r. 3, XV. 378 (1870) ;

in M6l. Biol. VII. 560 (1871). — Masters in Gard. Chron. 1873, 1015, fig.

206. — Lavall^e, Icon. Arb. Segrez. 9, t. 4 (1880). — Sargent in Garden &

Forest, I. 499, fig. 78 (1888).
Elaeagnus rotundifolia Gagnaire in Rev. Hort. 1870, 540.
Elaeagnus edulis Siebold apud May in Rev. Hort. 1876, 18.

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, common, alt. 1200 m., July 28, 1907
(No. 1578; bush 2-3 m.); Kiukiang, E. Faber (No. 999). Western
Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m.. May 1907 (No.
3560; bush 1-2 m., flowers yellow).

Wilson's and Faber's specimens agree well with Japanese plants of this species;
the upper surface of the young leaves is loosely covered with stellate hairs which
soon disappear; the pedicels of the flowers are only 1-1.5 cm. long. The sterile
specimen from Ruling approaches in its broadly oval leaves E. multiflora, f.
rotundifolia Servettaz.

Elaeagnus multiflora, f. angustata Rehder, n. forma.

A typo recedit foliis lanceolatis v. oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis,
3-9 cm. longis et 1-1.6 cm. v. ad 2 cm. latis, basi rotundatis v. cuneatis.

Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 1200-
1800 m., September 1908 (No. 1076, type; bush 2 m. tall, fruit red);
same locality, alt. 1800 m., October 1910 (No. 4162; bush 2-3 m. tall,
fruit red). Western Hupeh : Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1000
m., May and October 1907 (No. 3558; bush 1.5 m. tall, fruit red) ; with-
out precise locality, A. Henry (No. 5484 '').

The specimens from Tachien-lu represent the type of this form. They look very
distinct on account of their long and narrow leaves rather light yellowish green
and glabrous or nearly so at maturity on their upper surface; the pedicels of the
fruits are very slender and 2-2.5 cm. long. The specimens from Hupeh differ in
their somewhat broader leaves scaly not stellate-pilose above; the pedicels of
their fruits are 2.5-4 cm. long.

Elaeagnus lanceolata Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 483 (1900). —
Servettaz in Bot. Centralb. Beih. XXV. 2, 86, fig. 4, 27 (1909).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 414, fig. 282 e-f, 283 e-h (1909).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, common, alt. 900-
1500 m., July 1907 (No. 3562; bush 1.25-3 m.); same locality, alt.
300-1200 m., May 27, 1907 (No. 3564; bush 2-4 m. tall, fruit salmon-

414 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

red, edible); Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 900-1500 m., September
1907 (No. 3563; semi-scandent shrub, 1.25-3 m., flowers white);
without precise locahty, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 2786); without
precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5483, 6652, 7424). Szech'uan:
" Ke t'ou p'ing," October, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1104).

Servettaz divides this species into 3 subspecies; to his subsp. grandifoUa belongs
Rosthorn's No. 1104 and to his subsp. stricta belong Henry's 6652, and 7424 and
Wilson's No. 3564. The difference between the type and this subspecies seems to
be very slight; subsp. grandifoUa is more distinct.

Elaeagnus Henryi Warburg in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 483 (1900). —
Servettaz in BoL Centralb. Beih. XXV. 77, fig. 4, 17-20 (1909).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 414, fig. 283 a-b (1909).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, ravines, alt. 300-750 m.,
June 1907 (No. 3565; scandent shrub, 3-5 m., fruit salmon-red); with-
out precise locality. May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 2785); Ichang, A.
Henry (Nos. 3307, 3307% type). Szech'uan: Nanch'uan, A. von
i^osi/iom, August (No. 291). Yunnan: Mengtsze, A. Henry (Nos.
10425, 11392, 11449).

The specimens from Yunnan differ from tj^ical E. Henryi in their longer
pedicels, measuring 0.5-1 cm. in length.

Elaeagnus viridis Servettaz in Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, VIII.
388 (1908); in Bot. Centralb. Beih. XXV. 2, 88, fig. 28-30 (1909).

Western Hupeh: Yangtsze banks around Ichang, alt. 30-900 m.,
December 1907 (No. 3557; bush 1.25-2 m.); same locality, A. Henry
(Nos. 1105, 2953).

Elaeagnus cuprea Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex divaricatus v. sarmentosus, 2-3-metralis, inermis; rami sub
angulo 50 v. 75° divergentes, annotini et biennes dense squamis ferru-
gineis obtecti, vetustiores fusci v. fusco-grisei. Folia persistentia,
chartacea, elliptico-oblonga v. elliptico-lanceolata, subito acuminata,
basi rotundata v. late cuneata, 6-12 cm. longa et 2-5 cm. lata, supra
initio sparse lepidota, mox glabra, subtus fusco-viridia, squamis ferru-
gineis satis dense conspersa, costa media supra prominula, nervis
utrinsecus 7-9 supra vix conspicuis subtus leviter elevatis; petioli
supra canaliculati, dense ferrugineo-lepidoti, 1-1.5 cm. longi. Flores
vernales, flavescentes, ferrugineo-lepidoti, nutantes, 1-4 in ramulis
brevissimis ex axillis foliorum orientes; pedicelli 1-3 mm. longi,
ut ovarium ovoideum 2 mm. longum dense ferrugineo-lepidotum;
tubus perigonii cylindricus v. cylindrico-campanulatus, basi subito

ELAEAGNACEAE. — ELAEAGNUS 415

constrictus, apicem versus paullo latiore, circiter 5 mm. longus,
squamis ferrugineis v. pallidioribus ferrugineis intermixtis obtectus;
lobi late triangulari-ovati, apiculati, 2.5 mm. longi, intus stellato-
pilosi; antherae ellipsoideo-oblongae, 1.75 mm. longae, fuscae, 2/3
loborum aequantes, filamentis dimidios lobos aequantibus; stylus
leviter flexuosus, glaber, medios lobos pauUulo superans. Fructus
oblongus, salmoneo- v. aurantiaco-ruber; putamen ellipsoideo-oblon-
gum, utrinque attenuatum, 8-costatum, 14 mm. longum et 6 mm.
diam.

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, ravines, alt. 600 m., April
1907 (No. 3565, type; spreading bush, 1-3 m. tall, flowers yellowish);
Hsing-shan Hsien, ravines, alt. 300-750 m., May 10, 1907 (No. 3565^
scandent shrub, 3-5 m., fruit salmon-red); same locality, June 1907
(No. 59; bush 1.25-4 m., fruit orange-red); without precise locality,
A. Henry (Nos. 5154, 5473).

This species seems to be most closely related to E. difficilis Servettaz, which
differs according to the description and figures in its much narrower leaves slightly
undulate on the margins, in the somewhat shorter flowers with subsessile anthers
nearly enclosed in the mouth of the perianth and in the style exceeding the anthers.
In foliage it resembles E. glabra Thunberg to which I refer Henry's No. 3193 from
Hupeh, but that species is easily distinguished by the slenderer less ferrugineous
flowers gradually narrowed toward the base and not constricted above the ovary.
The other allied species, as E. Henriji Warburg, E. lanceolata Warburg, E. viridis
Servettaz and E. Bockii Diels, differ in the under surface of the leaves being densely
covered with silvery white or yellowish scales.

Here may be added notes on several species not collected during the Arnold
Arboretum Expeditions.

Elaeagnus stellipila Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex metralis v. ultra, inermis, ramis angulo circiter 60° divergentibus; ramuli
hornotini dense tomento stellato albido-fulvescente obtecti, tertio anno glabre-
ecentesetbrunnei, nitiduh; gemmae fulvae, stellato-tomentosae. Folia papyracea,
partim per hiemem persistentia, ovalia v. ovata, obtusiuscula v. brevissime et
obtuse acuminato, basi subcordata v. rotundata, 1.5-3.5 cm. longa et 0.9-2 cm.
lata, supra initio laxa stellato-pilosa, demum glabia, obscure viridia, subtus dense
tomento stellato albido v. flavescente obtecta, utrinque nervis 4-5 supra ut costa
media impressis, subtus leviter elevatis; petioli circiter 2 mm. longi, dense stellato-
tomentosi. Flores 1-3 vcre in axillis foliorum novellorum et annotinorum nascentes,
fere sessiles, albidi, extus dense stellato-tomentosi tomento perigonii albido, ovarii
fulvido, tubo perigonii cylindrico, leviter quadrangulato, circiter 7 mm. longo,
basi subito contracto intus glabro faiice piloso excepto, lobis ovatis acuminatis
circiter 4 mm. longis intus etellato-pilosis; antherae filamentis brevibus, obtusae
V. apiculatae, 2 mm. longae, fere medium loborum attingentes; stylus glaber,
antheras non siiperans; ovarium ovoideum, 2 mm. longum; discus tenuis, cupularis.
Fructus desideratur.

Western Szech'uan: banks of Yangtsze River, May 1903 (Veitch Exped.
No. 4418).

416 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This species seems to be most nearly related to E. Grijsii Hance, which differs
according to the description chiefly in its long pedicellate stellate hairs, in the
presence of spines, in the ferruginous tomentum of the branchlets and of the
flowers, in the campanulate tube of the perigon attenuate toward the base, and in
the sparingly lepidote style being shorter than the anthers. To E. mollis Diela
and E. yunnanensis Servettaz, which also have stellate tomentum, the new species
seems to be less closely related.

Elaeagnus Bocku Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 482 (1900). — Servettaz in BoL
Centralb. Beih. XXV. pt. 2, 89 (1909).

Western Szecn'uan: hills around Kiating, October 1903 (Veitch Exped.
No. 4420; shrub 2 m. tall); " Ch'ung fan p'u," A. von Rosthorn (No. 3144, type).

Wilson's specimen is in full flower and agrees very well with Rosthorn's No.
3144, except that the leaves are somewhat broader and attain a length of 10 cm.
and a width of 3.5 cm. and that it shows no spines.

Elaeagnus Loureirii Champion in Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. V. 196
(1853). — Schlechtendal in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 613 (1857); in Linnaea
XXX. 373 (I860). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 298 (1861). — Maximowicz in Bull.
Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 3, XV. 378 (1870); in Mel. Biol. VII. 559 (1871). —
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 403 (1894). — Servettaz in Bot. Centralb.
Beih. XXV. pt. 2, 68, fig. 3, 12-15 (1909).

Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1500m., A. Henry (Nos. 9857, 9858, 11457); Talang,
alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 11574); Szemao, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12787,
12787% 12787''). Kwangtung: Hongkong, Wilford, C. Wright (No. 397) and
Mrs. Gibbs, Nov. 1909 (Ex Herb. Hongkong, No. 8170).

This species apparently has not been recorded before from Yunnan. Henry's
specimens agree in their somewhat thinner, narrower and long-acuminate leaves
very well with Mrs. Gibbs's specimen, while Wilford's and Wright's specimens have
the leaves broader, less acuminate and of firmer texture. The Yunnan specimens
differ further in the style exceeding the anthers and in No. 11457 even the lobes of
the perigon, and in the less uniformly ferruginous color of the flowers of some of
the specimens, as Nos. 9857, 11457, 11574 and 12787, on which there is an admix-
ture of paler scales. The Yunnan form might possibly be distinguished as a variety
from the typical Hongkong form, but for specific separation the differences seem
too slight.

Elaeagnus macrantha Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex 1.25 m. altus, ramis ferrugineis satis rigidis; gemmae ferrugineae. Folia
chartacea, persistentia, elliptica v. elliptico-oblonga, apice breviter obtuseque
acuminata, basi late cuneata v. fere rotundata, 9-13 cm. longa et 4.2-5 cm. lata,
supra maturitate glabra, luteo-viridia, subtus dense albido-lepidota squamis fer-
rugineis admixtis, costa media et nervis secundariis ferrugineis, nervis utrinsecus
5-7 supra ut costa media impressis, subtus elevatis; petioli canaliculati, 7-10 mm.
longi, ferruginei. Flores 1-5 suberecti in ramulis brevissimis aphyllis petiolo
brevioribus ex axillis foliorum orientibus; pedicelli 3-7 mm. longi, argenteo-lepidoti,
tubus perigonii late campanulatus, in sicco leviter 8-costatus, 8-9 mm. longus,
extus ut lobi et ovarium dense argenteo-lepidotus, infra lobos non v. vix constrictus,
basi rotundatus et supra ovarium ovoideum 2-3 mm. longum manifeste constrictus,
intus glaber, lobi ovati, acuminati, 6-7 mm. longi, intus stellato-pilosi; filamenta
3 mm. longa, antheris oblongis longiora; stylus rectus, apice recurvatus, antheras
superans lobis paullo brevior, sparsissime lepidota; discus vix distinctus. Fructus
desideratur.

Yunnan: Szemao, east 50 miles, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 12818; erect
shrub 1.25 m., spiny, flowers white).

ELAEAGNACEAE. — ELAEAGNUS 417

This species is well characterized by its large silvery white flowers and is most
closely related to E. Loureirii Champion, which is easily distinguished by its ferrugi-
nous flowers with the lobes lepidote inside, not stellate-pilose and by the larger
leaves.

Elaeagnus conferta Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. I. 460 (1820). — D. Don, Prodr. Fl.
Nepal. 67 (1825). — Schlechtendal in De CandoUe, Prodr. XIV. 612 (1857); in
Linnaea, XXX. 367 (1860). — Servettaz in Bot. Cenlralb. Beih. XXXV. 2, 89,
fig. 5, 1-6, fig. 12 (1909).

Elaeagnus latifoUa Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 202 (pro parte) (1890).

Yunnan: Szemao, forests south, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 12680; cUmbing
shrub).

This species apparently has not been reported from China before.

Elaeagnus sarmentosa Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex alte scandens, inermis, ramis flexiUbus tenuibus, annotinis ferrugineis,
vetustioribus flavido-griseis; gemmae ferrugineae. Folia persistentia, chartacea,
elUptico-oblonga, breviter acuminata, basi late cuneata v. fere rotundata, 8-13
cm. longa et 3.2-5.5 cm. lata, supra luteo-viridia, maturitate glabra, rete vascular!
in sicco prominente, subtus argentea et satis dense squamis ferrugineis conspersa,
nitida, costa media densissime ferrugineo-lepidota, nervis utrinsecus 7-8 supra in
sicco prominulis subtus elevatis, costa media supra vix impressa basin versus
lepidota; petioli late canaliculati canaliculo medio elevato, 12-18 mm. longi,
ferruginei. Flores 1-3 in ramulis brevissimis aphyllis petiolo multoties brevioribus
axillaribus, graciliter pedicellati, nutantes; ovarium ovoideum, 3 mm. longum,
ferrugineo-lepidotum; tubus perigonii cylindricus, basin versus leviter angustatus et
supra ovarium distincte constrictus, 8-9 mm. longus, ut lobi squamis ferrugineis
paucioribus minoribusque pallidioribus mixtis obtectus; lobi late ovati basi con-
stricti, breviter, sed manifesto acuminati, 5 mm. longi, intus dense stellato-tomentosi;
antherae oblongae, obtusae, 2.25 mm. longae: filamenta antheris plus quam duplo
breviora, basi linea incrassata tubum glabrum et lobos stellato-tomentosos dis-
tinct issime separante conjuncta; stylus antheras superans, glaber. Fructus
desideratur.

Yunnan: Mengtsze, forest, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 11439; large climber).

This species seems most nearly related to E. Henryi Warburg, which is easily
distinguished by its thick coriaceous leaves, lustrous and without reticulation above,
by the smaller, slenderer and paler flowers gradually narrowed toward the base,
the triangular not acuminate lobes and by the shorter style. Henry's Nos. 11309
and 11332 from Mengtsze and No. 12684 from Szemao appear closely related to
E. sarmentosa, but they differ in the silvery under surface of the leaves destitute of
brown dots or in No. 11332 only sHghtly dotted, in their shorter deeply and nar-
rowly grooved petioles and in the paler and smaller flowers with shorter and less
acuminate lobes. From E. Henryi Warburg, these specimens differ in their
chartaceous not coriaceous leaves reticulate above, and in their wider flowers
scarcely narrowed toward the base and distinctly contracted above the ovary.
They may belong to a distinct species, but all three differ slightly from each other.

LYTHRACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

LAGERSTROEMIA L.

Lagerstroemia indica Linnaeus, Syec. ed. 2, 734 (1762). — Loureiro,
Fl. Cochin. 340 (1790). — Curtis in Bot. Mag. XII. t. 405 (1798).—
De Candolle, Prodr. III. 93 (1828). — Wight, III. Ind. Bot. I. t. 86
(1840). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 112 (1861). — Debeaux in Act. Soc.
Linn. Bordeaux, XXX. 83 {Fl. Shangh. 31) (1875). — Hance in Jour.
Bot. XVII. 11 (1879). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 575
(1879). — Koehne in Bot. Jahrh. IV. 19 (1883). — Franchet in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 3, VI. 13 (PI. David. I. 133) (1883). — Hemsley
in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 306 (1887). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX.
484 (1900). — Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 416
(1906). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X.
109 (1912).

Velaga globosa Gaertner, Fruct. II. 246, t. 133 (1791).
Lagerstroemia elegans Paxton, Mag. Bot. XIV. 269 t. (1848).
Lagerstroemia indica, var. pallida Bentham in Hooker, Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard.
Misc. IV. 81 (1852).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, alt. 30-600 m.,
July 1907 (No. 3531; bush 1-3 m. or slender tree 5-6 m. tall, flowers
pink to rose-red, wild and cultivated); same locality, A. Henry (No.
2507). Szech'uan: without locality, A. von Rosthorn (No. 152).
Northwest Szech'uan: Lungan Fu, cultivated, alt. 800 m., August
18, 1910 (No. 4594; tree 8 m. tall, 0.8 m. girth, flowers carmine-red).
Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong Herb. No.
2729). Shantung: Tsintau, 1901, Zimmermann (Nos. 261, 271).
Korea: Quelpaert, August 1908, 1909, Taquet (Nos. 823, 2896).

In open grassy places and on cliffs at low altitudes round Ichang and westward
into Szech'uan this plant is wild and common. It occurs always in form of a bush
with leaves variable in size and shape and flowers of varying shades of red. It is
also commonly cultivated in gardens and temple grounds where forms with
white and pink to carmine colored flowers are common. In Hupeh its colloquial
name is Tzu-ching-shu. A picture will be found under No. 0266 of the collection
of WUson's photographs.

418

PUNICACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

PUNICA L.

Punica Granatum Linnaeus, Spec. 472 (1753). — Loureiro, Fl.
Cochin. 313 (1790). — Bunge in ilf ew. Acad. Sav. Str. St. Petershourg,
II. 102 (Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 28) (1835). — Wight, III. Ind. Bot. II.
t. 97 (1850). — Bretschneider, Study Chin. Bot. Works, 16 (1870).—
Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXX. 82 (Fl. Shangh. 30) (1875);
in XXXIII. 44 (Fl. Tientsin, 21) (1879). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl.
Brit. Ind. II. 581 (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 306
(1887). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 484 (1900). — Pavolini in
Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 416 (1908).

Punica nana Linnaeus, Spec. ed. 2, 676 (1762). — Sims in Bot. Mag. XVII. t.

634 (1803).
Punica spinosa Lamarck, Fl. Frang., III. 483 (1778).
Punica Florida Salisbury, Prodr. 354 (1796).
Punica grandiflora Hort. ex Steudel, Nomencl. 669 (pro synon.) (1821).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, cultivated, alt. 1000 m., June
7, 1907 (No. 3218; bush 3 m., flowers brick red); " Lungo il fiume
Hang-Kiang," alt. 700 m., June 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1564). Shensi :
without locality, 1897, G. Giraldi; without locality, 1898, Hugh
Scallan.

The Pomegranate is a favorite garden shrub and much cultivated by the Chinese,
especially in Peking. It is naturalized and cultivated in Yunnan and other warmer
parts of China where an inferior fruit is produced.

419

MYRTACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

EUGENIA L.

Eugenia microphylla Abel, Narr. Jour. China, 181, 364 (1818). —
Forbes in Jour. Bat. XXII. 124 (1884).

Syzygium? huxifolium Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 187 (1841). —
Walpers, Rep. II. 180 (1843). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 118 (1861).

Syllysium huxifolium Meyer & Schauer in Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol. XIX.
suppl. I. 334 (1843).

Eugenia Grijsii Hance in Jour. Bot. IX. 5 (1871), XVII. 10 (1879).

Eugenia pyxophylla Hance in Jour. Bot. IX. 6 (1871).

Eugenia sp. Moore in Jour. Bot. XIII. 227 (1875).

Eugenia sinensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 298 (1887). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 105 (Ft. Kwangtung &
Hongk.) (1912). — L6veill6, Fl. Kouy-TcUou, 289 (1914).

Kiangsi : near Kuling, cliffs, alt. 300 m., August 1, 1907 (No. 1576;
bush 1-1.5 m., flowers white). Chekiang : vicinity of Ningpo, 1908,
Z>. Macgregor. Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hong-
kong Herb. No. 2703). Hongkong: without locality, November 5,
1903, C. S. Sargent.

Our Kiangsi specimen has leaves not exceeding 1.5 cm. in length and agrees per-
fectly with Abel's description. Though the size of the leaves varies considerably,
they are invariably cuneate at the base.

420

MELASTOMATACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehdee and E. H. Wilson.

MELASTOMA

Melastoma nonnale D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal 220 (1825). —
De Candolle, Prodr. III. 145 (1828). — Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat.
ser. 3, XIII. 289 (1849). — C. B. Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind.
II. 524 (1879). — Cogniaux in De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. VII. 352
(1891). — Guillaumin in Le Comte, Not. Syst. II. 319, fig. 7, 6
(1913). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 277 (1914).

Melastoma napalensis Loddiges, Bot. Cab. VIII. t. 707 (1823).
Melastoma Wallichii De Candolle, Prodr. III. 146 (1828).
Melastoma pelagicum Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat. s6r. 3, XIII. 279 (1849).
Melastoma longiflorum Naudin, 1. c. 290 (1849).

Melastoma Cavaleriei L^veill^ in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 21 (1906).
Melastoma Esquirolii L6veill6, 1. c. VIII. 61 (1910).

Melastoma malabathricum Dunn in Jour. Linn. Sac. XXXIX. 467 (non Lin-
naeus, nee Desrousseaux, Sims, Ker, Jack, Blanco) (1911).

Szech'uan: banks of Yangtsze River, May 1903 (Veitch Exped.No
3648). Western Szech'uan: Omei Hsien, roadside thickets, alt.
300-800 m., July and October 1908 (No. 3259; bush 1-2 m., flowers
rose to rose-purple) ; Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4907) ;
same general locality, A. Henry (No. 8976); E. Faber (No. 495).
Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10954).

This is a common shrub on the red sandstone hills in the neighborhood of the
city of Kiating Fu and in Omei Hsien from river-level up to 800 m. altitude.

OSBECKIA L.

Osbeckia crinita Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 517 (non
Naudin) (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 299 (1887). —
Cogniaux in De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. VII. 323 (1891). — Pritzel
in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 484 (1900). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull.
Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 106 {Fl. Kwangtung & Hojigk.) (1912).—
Guillaumin in Lecomte, Not. Syst. II. 308 (1913).

421

422 MELASTOMATACEAE. — OSBECKIA

Osheckia stellata, ^ De CandoUe, Prodr. III. 142 (1828).

Osbeckia crinita Bentham apud Wallich, Cat. No. 4066 (nomen nudum) (1829).

Osheckia stellata Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, XIV. 72 (non D. Don)

(1850). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XVI. 107 (1878).
Osbeckia crinita, ^ yunnanensis Cogniaux in De Candolle, Monog. Phaner.

VII. 324 (1891). — Guillemin in Lecomte, Not. Syst. II. 308 (1913).—

L6veille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 277 (1914).
Osbeckia yunnanensis Franchet in herb, ex Cogniaux in De Candolle, Monog.

Phaner. VII. 324 (pro synon.) (1891).
Melastoma Mairei Leveille in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XI. 300 (1912).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, grassy mountains, alt. 600-
1000 m., August 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2558). Western Szech'uan:
Kiating Fu, grassy hills, alt. 300 m., October 1908 (No. 3260; shrub
0.6-1 m. tall, flowers red). Yunnan : Szemao, hills, alt. 1500 m., A.
Henry (No. 12458). Kwangtung: Lienehou River, August 13, 1887,
C. Ford (Hongkong Herb. No. 1782).

A small shrub rare in Hupeh but common in the neighborhood of Kiating Fu
and in Yunnan in open grass-clad places. We have followed Hemsley in the
determination of this plant.

Wilson's No. 3260 agrees well with specimens from Khasia except that the
trabecular veinlets are somewhat more numerous and closer, while No. 2558 differs
in the shorter ovate leaves only sparingly setulose beneath and with fewer and less
distinct trabecular veinlets. Guillaumin refers all the Chinese plants to 0. crinita,
var. yunnanensis Cogniaux.

PLANTAE WILSONIANAE

In this work it is proposed to give an enumeration
of the dried plants collected by Mr. E. H. Wilson
during his expeditions to western China in behalf
of the Arnold Arboretum, with descriptions of new
species and the elaborations of certain genera as rep-
resented in the Chinese flora.

It is expected that the work will be finished in eight
or nine parts, making three volumes.

The price of each part is $2.50; they can be ob-
tained at the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University,
Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.

COLLECTION OF
WILSON'S PHOTOGRAPHS

The photographs mentioned in this work may be
obtained from the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard Uni-
versity. The pictures, taken by Wilson in China with
a full knowledge of his subjects and their scientific
importance, give for the first time an accurate idea of
trees and different types of vegetation found in western
China. The pictures taken in Japan form an important
contribution to the knowledge of the vegetation of
that country.

CHINESE PHOTOGRAPHS

Series 1. 500 photographs (each 8| X 6i inches)
taken 1907-1909, with type-written index, price $250.00.

Series 2. 350 photographs (size as above, numbered
01-0350) taken 1910, with type-written index, price
$175.00.

JAPANESE PHOTOGRAPHS

A series of 600 photographs (size as above, numbered
xl-x600) taken 1914, with type-written index, price
$300.00.

5uWitatum8 of ti)t arnott artontum of J^arbart tHnitietsitp

No. 3.

THE

Bradley Bibliography

A GUIDE TO

THE LITERATURE OF WOODY PLANTS, INCLUDING BOOKS AND

ARTICLES IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES

AND IN SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR JOURNALS,

PUBLISHED IN ALL LANGUAGES TO THE

END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Prepared at the Arnold Arboretum by Alfred Rehder, undtr the
Direction of Charles Sprague Sargent

THIS work will consist of five volumes and will extend to 4000 quarto
two-column pages. The work ia printed at the Riverside Press^
Cambridge, and only 500 copies will be issued.

All students of trees and shrubs and all librarians have long felt the
necessity of such a work, and with the growth in the interest and practice
of forestry the demand for it is increasing.' There is no bibUography of
publications on dendrology, forests and forestry or on arboriculture in any
language, and the published botanical bibliographies do not contain ref-
erences to articles in the Proceedings of learned Societies and in Journals.

The work is divided into five volumes:

Volume L Dendrology. General.

Volume IL Dendrology. Taxonomic Arrangement.

Volume IIL Arboriculture. Economic Properties of Woody

Plants.
Volume IV. Forestry.
Volume V. Index of Authors and Titles.

The first volume appeared in July, 1911, the second in October, 1.Q12,
Volume IV. in May, 1914, and Volume III. in November, 1915. Volume
V. is in the hands of the printer.

The price of the entire work is $100, and the volumes will not be sold
separately. AH communications in regard to the Bradley Bibliography
should be addressed to the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachu-
setts, U. S. A., where subscription blanks and sample pages can be
obtained.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM, No. 4

PLANTAE WILSONIANAE

AN ENUMERATION OF THE WOODY PLAXl^S

COLLECTED IN WESTERN CHINA FOR THE

ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD

UNIVERSITY DURING THE YEARS

1907, 1908, AND 1910

BY E. H. WILSON

EDITED P.r

CHARLES SPRAGUE SARGENT
Volume II — Part III

Issued March 30, 1916

CAMBRIDGE
THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

1916

PLANTAE WILSONIANAE, Part VI. {Yolvmk IL Part III)

Betulaceae by Camillo Schneider page

Ostryopsis, Ostrya, Carpinus, Corylus, Betula, Alnus . . . 423
Leguminosae

Wistaria by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson 509

Euphorbiaceae by J. Hutchinson

Andrachne, Sauropus, Glochidion, Phyllanthus, Securinega,

Fluggea, Bischofia, Daphniphyllum, Antidesma, Croton,

Acalypha, Alchornea, Mallotus, Sapium, Excoecaria, Aleurites 516
Thtmelaeaceae by Alfred Rehder

Wikstroemia, Daphne, Eriosolena, Edgeworthia, Stellera . 530
Alangiaceae by Alfred Rehder

Alangium 552

Araliaceae by H. Harms and Alfred Rehder

Schefflera, Hedera, Brassaiopsis, Nothopanax, Aeantho-

panax, Kalopanax, Pentapanax, Aralia 555

Cornaceae by Alfred Rehder

Torricellia, Helwingia, Aucuba, Cornus 5G9

Myrsinaceae by Alfred Rehder

Myrsine, Ardisia, Maesa 580

Plumbaginaceae by E. H. Wilson

Ceratostigma . 586

Ebenaceae by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson

Diospyros 587

Symplocaceae by Alfred Rehder

Symplocos . 593

Oleaceae by Alfred Rehder

Ligustrum, Osmanthus, Chionanthus, Jasminum 600

Caprifoliaceae by Alfred Rehder

Heptacodium 617

Corrections 621

Index 625

BETULACEAE.

Determined by Camillo Schneider.

OSTRYOPSIS Decne.

1. Ostryopsis Davidiana Decaisne in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XX. 155
(1873). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XIII. 137 (1875). — Lavallee, Arh.
Segrez. 5, t. 3 (1880). — Maximo wicz in Mel. Biol. XI. 316 (1881); in
Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXVII. 535 (1882). — Dippel, Handb.
Laubhohk. II. 136, fig. 65 (1892). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIV.
140 (1895). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 502 (1899).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 143, fig. 75 f-n, 76 s (1904). —
Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 20, fig. 5 (1904). — Bean, Trees
& Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 116 (1914).

Corylus Davidiana Baillon, Hist. PI. VI. 224, fig. 174 (1877). — Franchct in
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6r. 2, VII. 88 {PI. David. I. 278) (1884).

Western Szech'uan: Mao-chou, cliffs and dry places, Min River
valley, alt. 1800-2300 m., August 28, 1910 (No. 4470; bush 1.2-3 m.
tall; fruits). Chili : Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, alt. 1600 m., August 8, 1913,
F. N. Meyer (No. 1125; fruits); Cal-ceen-wong, 1910, W. Purdom (No.
69; fruits); Jehol, A. David (No. 1694; type, ex Decaisne).

Here may be added notes on two Ostryopsis of which I have not seen specimens :

Ostryopsis Davidiana, var. cinerascens Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France,
XXXII. 27 (1885). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 503 (1899).

Yunnan: "in coUibus calcareis ad Mosoyn prope Lankong," June 1, 1884,
A. Delavay (No. 37, type, ex Franchet; No. 830, ex Burkill).

This variety is said to differ from the type in its broader ovate-rotundate leaves,
which are more thickly covered beneath with a shining silky pubescence. The
branchlets also are more pilose and glandular. It is said to be a very small bush,
0.6 m. high. Winkler (in Engler, Pflanzenr. 1V.-61. 20 [1904]) does not mention
this variety, but cites under the type a specimen from Yunnan, A. Delavay (No.
lOGG), without any special locahty.

2. Ostryopsis nobilis Balfour & Smith in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VIII. 194
(1914).

Yunnan : in open thickets on the mountains to the northeast of the Yangtsze
Bend, lat. 27° 45' N., alt. 3100-3400 m., June 1913, G. Forrest (No. 10343, type;
shrub 2-4 m.; fruits).

Tliis interesting species according to the authors differs from 0. Davidiana De-
caisne by its much larger leaves (6-12 cm. long, 5-10 cm. broad), which are covered

423

424 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

underneath with a thick brownish toraentum, and by the more loosely arranged
fruits, which do not form dense headlike catkins as in O. Davidiana Decaisne.

OSTRYA Scop.

Ostrya japonica Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 383, fig. 58 (1893);
For. Fl. Jap. 66, t. 22 (1894). — Shirasawa in Bull. Agric. Coll. II. 265,
t. 13, fig. 15-16 {Jap. Lauhh. Wint. t. 9, fig. 15-16) (1895); Icon. Ess.
For. Jap. I. 49, t. 25, fig. 1-14 (1900). — Henry in Elwes & Henry,
Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. III. 544, t. 201, fig. 10 (1908).— Nakai in Tokyo
Bot. Mag. XXIX. 37 (1915).

Ostrya virginica Maximowicz in Mel. Biol. XI. 317 (non Willdenow) (1881); in

Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petcrsbourg XXVII. 537 (1882).
Ostrya virginica, var. japonica Maximowicz ex Sargent, Garden & Forest, VI.

383 (pro synon.) (1893); For. Fl. Jap. 66 (pro synon.) (1894). — Burkill in

Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 503 (1899).
Ostrya carpinifolia Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 204 (non ScopoU) (1899).
Ostrya ostrya, var. japonica Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 142, fig. 76 r

(1904).
Ostrya ilalica, subspec. virginiana Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 22

(1904), quoad plantam e Japonia et China.
Ostrya italica, var. virginiana Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 22 (1912).

Western Szech'uan : northeast of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan,
woods, alt. 2200-2800 m., July 3, 1908 (No. 2215; tree 10-17 m. tall,
girth 0.9-1.8 m., bark rough and scaly; fruiting branchlets). Western
Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woods, not common, alt. 2300-2500 m., Sep-
tember 1907 (No. 2220; tree 8 m. tall; fruiting branchlets); same
locality, A. Henry (No. 6581; fruiting branchlets).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quaelpaert, forests, alt. 1700 m., Taquet
(No. 4439; ripe fruits).

JAPAN. Hokkaido : prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, September 1885, and October 1,
1910, K. Miyabe (sterile); same locaHty, October 1891, Y. Tokubuchi (fruits);
same locality, hills, moist soil with Quercus, Aralia, Acanthopanax, September 18,
1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 13-27 m. tall, girth 5.4 m.; sterile); same locality, August

23, 1905, J. G. Jack (ripe fruits); same locality, July 26, 1904 (ex Herb. Sakurai;
fruiting branchlets). Hondo: prov. Musashi, Takao-san, April 25, 1907 (ex
Herb. Sakurai; flowers); prov. Shinano, Kisogawa, rare, April? and August 1907
(ex Herb. Sakurai; flowers and fruits); prov. Shimotsuke, Lake Chuzenji, August

24, 1904, A''. Mochizuki (fruiting branchlet); prov. Kii, Koya-san, ascent of moun-
tain, only one seen, October 2, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7846; small tree, 5 m. tall;
sterile) .

This species is closely related to the species of eastern America and of Europe, and
it needs further investigation to decide whether these three trees are to be treated
as subspecies or as distinct species. So far as I can see without having carefully
studied all the specimens from America and Europe, the Asiatic species seems to be
somewhat intermediate between them.

BETULACEAE. — CARPINUS 425

CARPINUS L.

Carpinus cordata Blume, var. chinensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot.
XIII. 202 (1899). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 501 (1899). —
Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 279 (1900). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr.
IV.-61, 27 (1904). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. &
Irel. III. 530 (1908). — Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhhohk. II. 892,
fig. 558 f (1912). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 295 (1914).
Carpinus cordata Winkler in Bot. Jahrb. L. 489 (pro parte) (1914).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woods, alt. 1300-
2200 m., July and November 1907 (No. 508; tree 8-17 m. tall, girth
0.3-0.9 m.; fruits); same locality, June 1907 (No. 508^; young fruits);
same locality, May 31, 1907 (No. SoS*^; tree 8-17 m. tall, girth 0.3-1.5
m.; young fruits); same locality, September and October 1907 (No.
508-=; fruits); same locality. May 31, 1907 (No. 508^; flowers);
same locality. May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 587; flowers); same
locality. May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 420; fruits); Fang Hsien,
woods, rare, alt. 1900-2400 m., September 1907 (No. 2209; tree 3-12
m. tall, girth 0.3-0.9 m.; fruits; branchlets and peduncles more
glabrous!); Changyang Hsien, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 527, in
part; tree 8-14 m. tall; flowers) ; Chienshi Hsien, mountains, May 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 527, in part; tree 7 m. tall; flowers and young
fruits). Eastern Szech'uan : Wushan Hsien, yl. i/ewr?/ (Nos. 5886,
5886"; fruits); Tchen-keou-tin, alt. 1400 m., P. Farges (No. 14; type
of var. chinensis; fruits).

Winkler (1914) unites this variety with the type, but I cannot agree with him
in this. The flora of the geographical area where the type is growing in northern
Cliina and Mandshuria is rather different from that of central China. If there were
not such forms as Wilson's No. 2209 the branchlets and peduncles of which are
more glabrous, 1 should feel inclined to raise this variety to the rank of a species.
It represents certainly a form of higher taxonomic value than the other varieties
of C. cordata or the varieties of C. japonica described by Winkler. It differs dis-
tinctly in its densely hirsute-villose pubescence mixed with silky hairs of the
branchlets, young petioles and peduncles, which are sparsely hirsute or glabrous
in the typical C. cordata.

Carpinus laxiflora Blume, var. macrostachya Oliver in Hooker's
Icon. PI. XX. t. 1989 (1891). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI
501 (1899). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 280 (1900). — Winkler in
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 33 (1904); in Bot. Jahrb. L. 496 (1912).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 894, fig. 559 o-p (1912).—
Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hart. II. 673 (1914).

426 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Carpimis Fargesii Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 202 (1899). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 894, fig. 558 d, 559 q (1912).

Carpimis laxijlora, var. Fargesii Bnrkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 501
(1899). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 280 (1900). — Winkler in Engler,
Pfianzenr. IV.-Gl, 33 (1904); in Bot. Jahrb. L. 496 (1914).

Carptnus laxijlora Henry in Elwes & Plenry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. HI. 530
(1908), quoad plantam chinensem.

Western Hupeh: mountains north and south of Ichang, woods,
alt. 1200-1800 m., May 1907 (No. 2217; tree 7-18 m. tall; flowers);
mountains south of Ichang, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 40, 295;
tree 7-8 m. tall; flowers and young leaves); same locality, June 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 948, in part; tree 7-13 m. tall; young fruits);
same locality, August 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 948 in part; ripe
fruits); Patung Hsien, alt. 1600 m., April 25, 1900 (Veitch Exped. No.
477; tree 12 m. tall; flowers); same locahty, A. He7iry (No. 7013, type
of var. macrostachya; fruiting branchlets); Hsing-shan Hsien, Ma-
huang-po, alt. 500 m., 1900 (Veitch Exped. Seed Nos. 737, 737%- tree
8 m. tall). Eastern Szech'uan: near Tchen-keou-tin, P. Farges
(No. 699, type of C. Fargesii, ex Franchet). Western Szech'uan:
Mt. Omei, 1904 (Veitch Exped. Seed No. 1750; tree 10 m. tall, leaves
very small).

This variety doubtless is nearly related to the Japanese type, but the leaves are
always distinctly ovate or oblong-ovate with a more gradually tajiering apex, while
in the typical forms the shape of the leaves is more obovate-oblong, being very
often broadest at or above the middle, with a more abruptly pointed apex. The
bracts of the male flowers seem to be a little longer, more ovate-oblong, not orbicular-
ovate as in the typical forms. I have not seen the type specimen of var. Fargesii,
but the No. 948 of Wilson which 1 in 1912 partly referred to this variety and partly
to var. macrostachya certainly does not belong to two different varieties. I can
hardly believe that C. Fargesii Franchet even represents a distinct variety.

Carpinus laxiflora, var. Davidii Franchet in Jour, de BoL XIII. 203
(1899). — Eurkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 501 (1899). — Winkler
in Engler, Pfianzenr. IV.-61, 33 (1904); in Bot. Jahrb. L. 496 (1914).

Carpinus laxiflora Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6r. 2, VII. 89, t. 11,

fig. A 1 {PI. David. 1. 279) (non Blume) (1884).
Carpinus Davidii Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 893, fig. 558 1, 559 e

(1912).

Kiangsi: Kuling, side of streams, alt. 1200 m., July 31, 1907
(No. 1534; bush 7 m. tall; ripe fruits); " montagne de Ly-chan pres
de Kiukiang," September, A. David (No. 750, type, ex Franchet).

According to Franchet's plate this variety looks so distinct that I formerly con-
sidered it a species. But Winkler (1914), who saw the type, says the drav/ing is very
inexact. Certainly Wilson's jjlant from the same region looks very different from

BETULACEAE. — CARPINUS 427

Franchet's plate, but agrees with Winkler's statements. The outer (dentate) mar-
gin of the bracts is notlobed at the base, but there is a basal lobe at the inner (entire)
margin. The dilTerences between the Kiangsi plants and the Ilupeh varictj'^ are
apparently very shght, and more copious material probably will show that both
are the same and may represent a good species confined to central Cliina. Then
the oldest name would be C. Fargesii Franchet.

Carpinus Turczaninovii Hance, var. ovalifolia Winkler in Bot.
Jahrb. L. Suppl. 505 (1914).

Carpinus Turczaninowii Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 203 (pro parte)
(1S99). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Sac. XXVI. 502 (pro parte) (1899).—
Diols in Bot. Johrb. XXIX. 279 (pro parte) (1900). — Winkler in Engler,
PfMnzenr. 1V.-61, 38 (1904), exclud. var. pohjneura.

Carpinus pohjneura Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 501 (pro parte, non
Franchet) (1899). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. III.
527, t. 201, fig. 5 (1908). — Bean in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1911, 327;
Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 297 (1914).

Western Szech'iian: Mao-chou, valle^^ of Min River, alt. 2300
m., September and October 1910 (No. 4105; tree 7-17 m. tall, girth
1.2-2.4 m.; fruiting branchlets); between Lungan Fu and Sungpan
Ting, mountains, alt. 2300 m., August 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4489;
tree 8 m. tall; almost ripe fruits). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan
Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7020; type of var. ovalifolia; fruiting branches);
same locality, A. Henry (No. 7219; co-tj^pe, ex Winkler); district of
Tchen-keou-tin, Farges (without number, fruiting branchlets; and
No. 1273; ex Winkler). Kansu: Lotani road from Min-chou, alt.
2600 m., W. Purdom (No. 787; tree 7 m. tall; fruits).

The specimens which I doubtfully unite under this variety ngree with each
other in their fruiting bracts of similar shape which differ from those of the typical
form in being only toothed and not lobulate on the outer margin. The leaves, too,
are somewhat more ovate-oblong and sliglitly more elongated at the apex than those
of the typical C. Turczaninovii Hance. There is no real difference in the pubescence
of the upper or lower surfaces of the leaves; this is variable in both the varieties.
Certainly var. ovalifolia needs further investigations. From C. polyncvra Franchet
it differs clearly in the glabrous nutlets, and in the serration of its leaves which is dis-
tinctly compound with short teeth. Judging by a s]iecimen cultivated at Kew which
is referred by Henry and by Bean to C. pohjneura Franchet, the male flowers are
different from those of this species. I describe them as follows: Amenta mascula
sessilia, usque 3 cm. longa et circiter 0.7 cm. crassa, densa, rhachi dense sericeo-
villosa; bracteae late ovatae, acutae, ima apice fere nigrae, cetcrum parte sui)eri-
ore rubro-brunneae, parte inferiore olivaceae, intv.s glaljrae, margine satis ci'iatae,
extus plus minusve adpresse sericeae; stamina circiter 10, toro piloso; thecae
separatae, ellipticae, concolores, apice et etiam antica parte superiore pilis longis
sericeis instructae. filamentis subbrevioribus tantum apice partitis suffultae.

There is a sjiecimen collected by Wilson, Wushan Hsien, ravine, May 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. G18; tree 3 m. tall), the male flowers of which are similar, but
the bracts are nearly round, more obtuse, and even more ciliate. I am not quite
sure whether this specimen belongs to our variety or to another species.

428 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

A picture of C. Turczaninovii, var. ovalifolia will be found under No. 0335 of the
collection of Wilson's photographs.

Carpinus Fargesiana Winkler in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 506, fig. 6
(1914).

Carpinus yedoensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 203 (non Maximowicz)
(1899). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 502 (1899). — Diels in Bot.
Jahrb. XXIX. 279 (1900). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 35, fig.
10 G (1904). — Henry in Elwes& Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. III. 529 (pro
parte) (1908). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 297 (pro parte) (1914).

Western Szech'uan: northeast of Tachien-lu, forests, Ta-p'ao-
shan, alt. 2300-2800 m., July 1908 (No. 2211; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth
0.6-2.4 m.; fruiting branches). Eastern Szechu'an : district of
Tchen-keou-tin, P. Farges (without number; type ex Franchet and
Winkler).

Winkler also refers to his C. Fargesiana a specimen collected by Wilson num-
bered 1170" in Herb. Hofmus. Wien, which I have been unable to compare. Nor
did I see the type, but Wilson's No. 2211 may be referred to this species which
needs further investigation. 1 There may be some relationship between it and
those forms I have mentioned under C. Turczaninovii, var. ovalifolia Winkler. It
seems best to give a description of No. 2211 because there is no .sufHcient de-
Bcription of C. Fargesiana, and there is some doubt whether our specimen is the
same as Winkler's type. Arbor 8-20 m. alta; ramuli hornotini versus apicem laxe
sericeo-villosi, deinde glabrescentes, brunnei, lenticellis parvis ellipticis flavis nume-
rosis conspersi; gemmae vix satis evolutae, satis parvae, ovatae, obtusae, perulis
cihatis pluribus cinctae. Foha ovato- v. elliptico-oblonga, firma, subrotunda v.
paulo angustata, indistincte cordata, apice sensim breviter acuminata, supra in-
tensius viridia, ad costam nervosque et facie inter nervos sericeo-villosula, subtus
pallide-viridia, ad costam nervosque plus minusve sericeo-villosula, facie vix pilosa,
tenuissime reticulata, in axillis nervorum lateralium distincte prominentium 12-15
inter se 3-5 mm. distantium foveolata et barbata, margine dupliciter v. ad apicem
Bimpliciter dentato-serrata inter dentes apice nervorum haud v. vix elongatos denti-
bus 1-2 secundariis v. nulhs instructa, majora 5-6.5 cm. longa, 2-2.5 cm. lata;
petiohs superne sericeis 6-10 mm. longis satis gracilibus instructa. Amenta fructi-
fera matura pedunculis 1-1.5 cm. longis laxe sericeis suffulta, circiter 4 cm. longa et
2.5 cm. crassa, subdensa, rhachi sericeo-villosula; bracteae late semiovatae, sub-
obtusae, latere exteriore dentato-serratae v. lobulato-dentatae, latere interiore
integrae, rectae, basi haud v. vix involutae, superne sparse pilosae et ciliatae,
Bubtus praesertim ad nervos distinctius i)ilosae, 13-15 mm. longae, 6-8 mm. latae;
nuculae late ovatae, interdum a latere compressae, brunneae, longitudinaliter 8-10
costato-striatae, apice perigonio distincto coronatae et pilosae sed ceterum facie
glabrae, tantum glandulis praesertim versus apicem conspersae, circiter 4 mm.
longae et 2.5 mm. crassae.

1 To these central Chinese forms may be closely related C. Kawakamii Hayata,
Icon. PI. Formos. III. 175, fig. 24, t. 33, fig. B (1913), which I know only from the
description and the figures. The type was collected by B. Ha.yata in Formosa on
Mt. MoiTison, October 1907 (No. 1998). Hayata says: " near C. faginea Lindl.,"
but according to the plate it seems much nearer to C. Fargesiana Winkler or to
C. Hcnryana Winkler.

BETULACEAE. — CARPINUS 429

Carpinus Henryana Winkler in Bot. Jahrh. L. Suppl. 507, fig. 7
1914).

Carpinus polyneura Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 501 (pro parte, non Fran-

chet) (1899).
Carpinus Tschonoskii, var. Henryana Winkler in Englcr, PJlanzenr. IV.-61,

36 (1904).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-1900 m.,
November 1907 (N0.645; tree 7-lOm. tall, girth 0.6-0.9 m.; old fruiting
branchlets) ; same locality, June 1907 (No. 645''; young fruits). Eastern
Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7063, type; ripe fruits).
Western Szech'uan: Mupin, woods, alt. 1900-2200 m., October
1908 (No. 1226; tree 13-17 m. tall, girth 1.5-1.8 m.; with ripe fruits);
northeast of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan, forests, 2100-2900 m., July 3,
1908 (No. 2210; tree 12-20 m. tall, girth 1.2-2.1 m.; with young fruits) ;
between Lungan Fu and Sungpan Ting, woods, alt. 1600-2400 m.,
September 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4488; with ripe fruits).

This is an interesting species of which the type differs a little from the other
specimens enumerated above. But the serration is quite distinct from that of
C. polyneura Franchet to which the type was referred by Burkill. The specimen
from Mupin looks rather distinct and may even represent a good variety, but this
question needs further investigation because there are too many intermediate char-
acters in all these specimens. Nevertheless I think it best to add a description of
Wilson's No. 1226, alluding to its differences from the type which was not sufficiently
described by the author; the indications put in parenthesis ( ) refer to the type.

Arbor ad 13-17 m. alta; ramuli noveUi sericeo-villosi, deinde plus minusve glab-
rescentes, purpurascentes, lenticelUs albis v. flavidis oblongis conspersi, vetustiores
nigrescentes; gemmae foliiferae ovato-oblongae, subtriangulares, sensim acumi-
natae, rubro-brunneae, perulis pluribus margine ciliatis cinctae, petiolis subduplo
breviores floriferae crassiores, ellipticae. Folia satis anguste ovato-lanceolata
(ovato-oblonga) basi subobliqua, rotunda v. cuneata (interdum levissime cordata),
apicem versus sensim acuminata (saepe subcaudata), saepissime ima basi (pleraque
versus medium) latissima, supra intensius viridia, tantum inter nervos sparse
(etiam ad costam nervisque et distinctius) sei-iceo-pilosa, subtus pallide viridia,
costa et nervis utrinque 12-16 elevatis inter se ad costam 4-5 mm. (2.5-3.5 mm.)
distantibus sericeo-pilosis, facie glabra (saepe laxe pilosa) tenuiter reticulata, mar-
gine glabra (ciHata), sublobato-dentata dentibus apice nervorum vix acutis (sub-
mucronulatis) basi excepta inter se dente secundario nullo v. uno subobtuso (acuto)
instructa, majora 5-8 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata (4.5-6 cm. longa); petioli 1.1-1.7 cm.
(0.8-1.2 cm.) longi, graciles, glabri v. sparse sericei (saepe subvillosuli) ; stipulae
rarissime (saepe) persistentes, lineares, subsericeae, petiolis fere subaequilongae.
Amenta fructifera pedunculis ad 2 cm. longis (brevioribus) villosulis suffulta 6-7 cm.
(4-5 cm.) longa, ad 3.5-4 cm. (ad 2.5 cm.) crassa; bractcae semiovatae, acutae,
margine exteriore plus minusve lobato-dentato-serratac (dentato-serratae), margine
interiore dentatae v. intograe, b:isi levissime lobulatac v. tantum paido involutae
(integrae, basi saepe distinctius lobatae), intus sjiarse pilosae, ciliatae, extus inten-
sius pilosae, 1.8-2.4 cm. longae, 0.9-1.3 cm. latae (1.4-1.6 cm. longae, 0.6-0.7 cm.
latae) ; nuculae ovatae, obtusae, tota facie minute puberulae, brunncae, longitudi-

430 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

naliter 6-8-striatae, apice perigonio distincto aperto v. fere clauso instructae,
pilosae, circiter 5 mm. (4 mm.) longae.

Carpinus Seemeniana Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 279 (1900).—
Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 36, fig. 12 E-F (1904).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 895, fig. 558 p (1912).

Carpinus pubescens Schneider, 1. c. fig. 558 g. — Winkler in Bot. Jahrh. L. Suppl.

501 (pro parte, non Burkill) (1914).
? Carpinus pinfaensis Leveille & Vaniot in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lll. 142

(1905), descriptione valde manca.

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 2300 m., October 1907
(No. 646; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1.2 m.; with ripe fruits) ; same locality,
woods, common, July 1907 (No. 2213; tree 7-17 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.2
m.; with ripe fruits); Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1200-1600 m., June
1907 (No. 2212; with young fruits); Patung Hsien, woods, common,
alt. 1200-1800 m., July 1907 (No. 2218; tree 7-13 m. tall, girth 0.9-
1.8 m.; with ripe fruits); southeast of Ichang, mountains, June 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 1170; tree 7-13 m. tall; fruits not yet ripe).
Southeastern Szech'uan: Nanch'uan, Shan-tzi-ping, woods, Au-
gust 1891, A. V. Rosthorn (No. 294, type).

This species is very nearly related to C. puhescens Burkill, with which it is united
by Winkler (1914). I have given the differences in the key, and shall consider it
a distinct species until more material from Yunnan shows that it is the same as
or only a variety of C. pubescens, which, however, inhabits a different geographical
region. Neither Winkler nor I have seen any male flowers of these species. Winkler
refers also to his C. pubescens a specimen from Shensi collected by Giraldi, Lao-y-san
mountains. May 2, 1899 (No. 6136), and the type of C. pi77facnsis Leveille & Vaniot
which was found by /. Cavalerie at Pin-fa in Kweichou, March 28, 1903 (No.
1011). All these forms need further investigation.

Carpinus polyneura Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 202 (1899). —
Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 501 (pro parte) (1899).— Diels in Bot.
Jahrh. XXIX. 279 (1900).— Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 894,
fig.558e,559 m-n (1912).— Winkler in J5o«.Ja/ir&.L. Suppl. 506 (1914).

f Carpinus faginea Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 501 (non Lindley)

(1899). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 280 (1900).
Carpinus Turczaninowii, var. polyneura Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61,

38, fig. 12 A-B (1904). — Rehderin Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hart. II. 673 (1914).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, common, alt. 1600
m., May 1907 (No. 2214; tree 7-13 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.8 m.; with
young fruits); north of Ichang, roadside, alt. 900 m., May 3, 1907
(No. 2216; one large tree, 13 m. tall, girth 1.8 m. ; sterile) ; same locality,
mountains, May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1809; tree 7 m. tall; flowers) ;
Patung Hsien, mountains, rare, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2217;

BETULACEAE. — CARPINUS 431

tree 8 m. tall; young fruits); Fang Hsien, high mountains, rare, June
1901(Veitch Exped. No. 2102; tree 7 m. tall; young fruits). Eastern
Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5520; ? also No. 5520^^ =
C. faginea Burkill); same locality, A. Henry (No. 7020'^; ripe fruits);
Tchen-keou-tin, P. Farges (type, ex Franchet).

This is a very distinct species with almost simple setose serration of its small
long-pointed leaves. Wilson's No. 1809 with male flowers seems to belong here.
These flowers may be described as follows: Amenta mascula nondum satis evoluta
ad 2 cm. longa, sessilia, rhachi villosa; bracteae oblongae, subacutae, apice intense
brunneae, ceterum flavido-olivaceo-brunnescentes, utrinque glabrae, margine
apice excepta ciUatae, 5-6 mm. longae; stamina circiter 8, toro piloso; thecae sepa-
ratae eUipticae concolores apice ct etiam facie antica piUs longis sericeis instructae,
filamentis subaequilongis apice tantum partitis sufi"ultae.

In shape the male bracts resemble those of C. cordata, var. chinensis more than
those of the other species of central China. The species was misunderstood by
Henry and Bean, who apparently referred to it plants belonging to C. Turczaninovii,
var. ovalifolia (see p. 427). I have not seen in cultivation a plant which 1 could
refer to C. polyneura.

CONSPECTUS SECTIONUM SPECIERUMQUE ASIAE ORIENTALIS,
NEC NON HIMALAYAE.

Amenta fructifera bracteis dense imbricatis iis Osirz/ae simiha; bracteae cum ligula
libera inter axin et nuculam v. basi distincte inflexa nuculam totam occultantes
V. nuculae maturae distincte elUpticae, rarius in C. japonica ovato-ellipticae.

Sect. 1. DISTEGOCARPUS.
Folia ovato-lanceolata, fere semper infra medium latissima, basi rotunda v.
anguste cordata. Bracteae cum ligula hbera inter axin et nuculam.

1. C. japonica.
Folia late ovata, ovato-elliptica v. interdum subobovata, basi semper distincte
late cordata. Bracteae basi distincte inflexae lobo nuculam tegente semper
cum bractea plus minusve connato; nuculae distincte ellipticae.

2. C. cordata.

Amenta fructifera laxiores bracteis non dense imbricatis; bracteae basi utrinque v.

tantum latere exteriore v. interiore lobatae v. non lobatae, lobo interiore nun-

quam nuculam totam occultante, sed nuculae fere semper plus minusve v.

omnino visibiles; nuculae late ovatae v. interdum subtriangulari-ovatae, apice

semjier plus minusve contractae Sect. 2. EUCARPINLS.

Nuculae facie haud pilosae, sed saepissime glandulis minimis praesertim versus

apicem conspersae (tantum apice ad perigonii lobos et ad basin styli pihs

sericeis fere semper instructae).

Bracteae amentorum fructiferorum maturorum latere interiore basi distincte

lobatae, latere exteriore dentatae v. lobulatae et basi saepe etiam lobatae.

Folia majora ramulorum fructiferorum 8-13 cm. longa, ovato- v. elliptico-

oblonga v. lanceolata, apice longe caudato-acuminata, basi ham! v.

tantum leviter cordata (ima basi saepissime in petiolum paulo producta),

nervis lateralibus (apice fohi excepta) ad costam (5-)6-9 mm. inter se

distantibus.

Folia pleraque ovato-oblonga v. -lanceolata et infra medium latissima,

nervis lateraUbus 2 infimis saepe in petiolum paulo productis; potioU

432 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

foliorum majorum saepissime plusquam 10 mm. longi, glabri v. sparse

pilosi 3. C. viminea.

Folia pleraque elliptico-oblonga v. -lanceolata et medio v. supra medium
latissima; petioli foliorum majorum vix plusquam 8 mm. longi, tomen-

tosi V. fere glabri 4. C Londoniana.

Folia majora ramulorum fructiferorum breviora v. pro longitudine latiora,
e basi rotundata v. cordata, rarius cuneata, ovata v. ovato-oblonga v.
apice acuta subobtusave v. nervis lateralibus inter se magis approxi-
matis (confer etiam 7. C. Tanakaeanam, 8. C. Fargesianam et 9. C.
Tschonoskii).
Folia apice distincte et saepissime subito acuminata caudatave margine
dentibus maximis apice nervorum plus minusve cuspidatis. Bracteae
basi saepe utrinque lobatae v. latere interna lobo satis distincto subacuto

instructae 5. C. laxiflora.

Folia apice acuta subobtusave, margine dentibus apice nervorum baud
cuspidato-elongatis. Bracteae latere interiore lobo tantum parvo ob-

tuso instructae 6. C. Turczaninovii.

Bracteae amentorum fructiferorum maturorum latere interiore non distincte
lobatae, interdum margine leviter inflexae (confer etiam 7. C. Tanakaeanam) .
Folia etiam maxima ramulorum fructiferorum vix usque 5.5 cm. longa,
apice acuta v. subobtusa, dentibus apice nervorum lateralium baud dis-
tincte mucronatis 6. C Turczaninovii.

Folia majora ramulorum fructiferorum pleraque 6-10 cm. longa v. apice in
acumen plus minusve distinctum producta v. dentibus apice nervorum
lateralium distincte mucronatis.
Foliorum dentes primarii secundariique baud distincte v. non mucronati.

8. C. Fargesiana.
Foliorum dentes primarii distincte et etiam secundarii plus minusve

mucronati 9. C. Tschonoskii.

Nuculae tota facie tenuissime v. distinctius pilosae (interdum etiam glandulosae
et apice pilis longioribus sericeis instructae).
Foliorum dentes primarii secundariique nunquam distincte mucronati v.
setacei.
Folia pleraque ovata v. ovato-elliptica, apice acuta, etiam maxima ramu-
lorum fructiferorum vix usque 5.5 cm. longa margine semper duplicato-
serrata. Nuculae facie saepe satis sparse indistincteve pilosae.

6. C. Turczaninovii var.
Folia pleraque ovato-oblonga v. ovato-lanceolata, apice plus minusve acu-
minata V. margine simpliciter v. sub-simpliciter serrata, majora ramu-
lorum fructiferorum pleraque (5-)6 cm. longa v. longiora. Nuculae ut
videtur semper distincte dense pilosulae.
Folia pro parte maxima marginis simpliciter v. subsimpliciter serrata,

dentibus secundariis baud v. vix evolutis 10. C Henryana.

Folia apice excepta dupliciter serrata v. dentata, dentibus secundariis
inter primaries 1-4 satis distinctis.
Ramuli hornotini aestate v. autumno glabri v. sparse villosuli v. petioli
foliorum maximorum 1 cm. longi v. longiores et tenues. Bracteae
majores maturae satis acutae, circiter 2-2.7 cm. longae.

11. C. Seemeniana.

Ramuli hornotini etiam aestate autumnove satis dense villosuli. Petioli

etiam foliorum maximorum vix 8 mm. longi, satis crassi, tota facie

villosuli V. tomentosi. Bracteae etiam maximae maturae vix 1.8 cm.

longae, apice obtusae 12. C. pubescens.

BETULACEAE. — CARPINUS 433

Foliorum dentes primarii distincte setacei, etiam secundarii plus minusve
mucronati.
Folia majora 7-9 cm. longa et 2.5-3.5 cm. lata; petioli vix 5 mm. longi, satis

crassi, villosi • ■ • 13. C.fagi7iea.

Folia breviora v. angustiora; petioli graciliores, foliorum majorum 6-12
mm. longi v. subglabri.
Folia ovata, 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, breviter acuminata, pro parte maxima mar-
ginis dupliciter serrulata. Bracteae maturae majores circitcr 2 cm.

longae 14. C. Fauriei.

Folia ovato-oblonga v. ovato-lanceolata, longe acuminata, plus minusve
eimpliciter setaceo-serrulata. Bracteae maturae etiam maximae vix
1.5 cm. longae 15. C. polyneura.

ENUMERATIO SECTIONUM SPECIERUMQUE ASIAE ORIENTALIS
NEC NON HIMALAYAE.

Sect. 1. DISTEGOCARPUS Sargent, Silva N. Am. IX. 40 (1896). — Winkler
in Engler, Pflanzenr. 1V.-61, 24 (1904).

Distegocarpus Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Ak. Miinch. IV. pt. 3, 226 {Fl. Jap.

Fam. Nat. II. 102) (1846), excludenda C. laxijlora.
Carpinus, subgen. Dtsterocarpus [sic] Nakaiin Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 37 (1915).

The species of this section are well characterized by their dense Ostrya-Uke fruit-
ing aments and by their elliptical nutlets.

1. Carpinus japonica Blume, Mxis. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1. 308 (1850). — Walpers,
Ann. III. 379 (1852-3). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 121 (1863), III. 194
(1807); Prol. Fl. Jap. 358 (1867). — Franchet & Savaticr, Enurn. PI. Jap. I. 451
(1875). — Maximowicz in Mel. Biol. XI. 311 (1881) ; in Bidl. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
bourg, XXVII. 534 (1882). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 143, fig. 68 (1892). —
Koehne, Deutsche Dendrol. 117 (1893). — Andre in Rev. Hort. 1895, 427, fig. 143. —
Mouillefert, Traite Arb. & Arbriss. 11. 1138 (1897). — Shirasawa in Bull. Agric.
Coll. Tokyo, II. 266, t. 13, fig. 10 {Jap. Laubh. Winter, t. 9, fig. 10) (1895); Icon.
Ess. For. Jap. I. 47, t. 24, fig. 1-17 (1900). — Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Ilort. I.
253 (1900); in Bailey, Sta^id. Cycl. Hort. II. 637 (1914). — Winkler in Engler,
Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 25, fig. 7 D-F, fig. 8 C (1904); in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 488
(1914). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 804 (1906). — Henry in Elwes &
Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. III. 528, t. 201, fig. 1 (1908). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs
Brit. Isl. I. 295, fig. (1914),

Distegocarpus Carpinus Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Aknd. Miinch. IV. pt. 3,
227, t. 3 C {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 103) (1846). — Walpers, Ann. I. 634
(1848-9). —A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 128 (1864).

Distegocarpus carpinoides Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. 3,
240, in explic. tabidae 3 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 116) (1846).

Carpinus Carpinus Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 364, fig. 56 (1893); For.
Fl. Jap. 64, t. 21 (1894); Silva N. Am. IX. 41 (1896). — Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. I. 137, fig. 75 b, 76 1, 80 a-i (1904).

Carpinus japonica, var. cordifolia Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 26
(1904).

Carpinus carpinoides Makino in Tohjo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 391 (1912).

Carpinus carpinoides, var. cordifolia, Makino, 1. c. (1912).

434 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Carpinus Dislegocarpus Koidzumi in Toki/o Bot. Mag. XJvVII. 144 (1913).
Carpinus japonica, var. pleioneura Winkler in Bot. Jahrh. L. Suppl. 488 (1914).

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Aomori, May 20, 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5780;
young fruits) ; prov. Shimotsuke, around Lake Chuzenji, woods, not common, alt.
1400 m., May 24, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6738; tree 13-15 m. tall, girth 0.6-0.9 m.,
bark gray, fissured; flowers); same locality, common, May 26, 1914, E. H. Wilsoyi,
(No. 6758; tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.8 m., bark gray; flowers); same locahty,
side of lake, not common, October 21, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7675; small tree,
8-12 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.5 m.; fruits) ; same locahty, common in forests, October 20,
1914, E. H. Wilso7i (No. 7692; small tree 7-13 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.5 m.; fruits);
same prov., Niklco, July 29, 1882, K. Miyabe (unripe fruits) ; sam.e locality, N. Mochi-
zuki, August 30, 1904 (fruits); roadside, Nikko to Lake Chuzenji, October 25,
1905, /. G. Jack (fruits); Nikko, Doenitz (type of var. cordifolia ex Winkler);
prov. Kozuke, Mt. Asama, July 14, 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5779; fruits); prov.
Shinano, Fukushima to Otake, woods, common, June 10, 1914, E. H. Wilson
(No. 6994; small tree 7-10 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.2 m.; young fruits); same prov.,
on Tsubakura-dake, woods, common, alt. 1100-1600 m., September 15, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 7454; tree 8-13 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.6 m.; fruits); same
locahty and date, E. H. Wilson (No. 7483; tree 10-15 m. tall, girth 0.45-0.9 m.,
fruits); prov. Musashi, Takao-san, common in woods and thickets, alt. 30-500 m.,
September 24, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7161; tree 7-12 m. tall, girth 0.6-0.75 m.,
head very bushy, fruits); same prov., Yokohama, 1862, C. Maximowicz (type of C.
japonica, var., see below); same place. May and October 1862, C. Maximowicz
(co-type of var. pleioneura Winkler) ; prov. Sagami, Miyanoshita, 0. Warburg (No.
7756, tjT^e of var. pleioneura ex Winkler) ; same prov., Miyanoshita, Hakone Mts.,
August 25, 1892, C. S. Sargent (fruits); same prov., Hakone, 1864, Tschonoski
(flowers); prov. Kai, Kofu, (May?) and August 9, 1909 (ex Herb. Sakurai, fruits
and flowers); " in sylvis Takayu," June 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5774; young fruits);
without exact locahty, 1842, P. von Siebold (co-type, ex Herb. Zuccarini; flowers and
fruits); without locality and collector (ex Herb. Lugd. Bat.; flowers and leaves).

Siebold & Zuccarini in the original description describe the leaves as " e basi cor-
data V. rotunda subobliqua," and I cannot see that Winkler's var. cordifolia repre-
sents even a good form, and it is the same with var. pleioneura, as nearly every
specimen before me has leaves of both these varieties. A picture of this tree will
be found under No. x203 of the collection of V/ilson's Japanese photographs. 1 can
maintain only the following variety:

Carpinus japonica, var. caudata Winkler in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 488 (1914).
A typo recedit fohis lanceolato-oblongis longius caudato-acuminatis grossius
serratis.

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Shmano, Mt. Ontake, August 1905, U. Faurie (No.
6641; fruits).

This may be only a form and needs further observation.

Maximowicz (in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXVII. 533 [1882]) mentions
a C. japonica, var., " foliis paulo latioribus basi saepe distincte oblique cordatis,
ligula non semper a margine bracteae libera, saepius basi cum ilia connexa." 1 have
seen the type of tliis, and all the bracts 1 have been able to investigate had a free
ligula like the those of typical plants. Winkler states the same fact, and we have
not seen any form which could be taken for a hybrid between C. japonica and the
following species. They are both always very distinct and easy to recognize.

2. Carpinus cordata Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 309 (1850). — Walpers,
Ann. III. 379 (1852-3). — Kegel in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 7, IV.

BETULACEAE. — CARPINUS 435

No. 4, 130, 201 (TerJ. Fl. Ussur.) (1861). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lygd.-Bal. 1. 121
(1863). — Franchct & Savatier, Enum. PI. 'Jap. I. 452 (1875). — Maximowicz in
Mel. Biol. XL 312 (1881); in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXVII. 533
(1882). — Trautvetter in Act. Horl. Petrop. IX. 165 (1884). — Koehne, Deutsche
Dendr. 117 (1S93). — Sargent inGardcn & Forest, VI. 3G4 (1S93), VIII. 294, fig. 41
(1895); -For. Fl. Jap. 65 (1894); Silva N. Am. IX. 41 (1896). — Shirasawa in Bull.
Agric. Coll. Tokyo, II. 267, t. 13, fig. 12 {Jap. Laubh. Winter, t. 9, fig. 12) (1895);
Icon. Ess. For. Jap. 1. 46, t. 24, fig. 18-32 (1900). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 501 (1899). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 279 (1900). — Rehdcr in Bailey,
Cycl. Am. Hort. 1. 253 (1900); Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1. 673 (1914). — Komarov in Act.
Hort. Petrop. XXII. 62 {Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk.
1. 137, fig. 75 a, 76 m, 80 k-q (1904). — Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. IV.-61, 26,
fig. 7 A-C, 8 A-B (1904); in Bot. Jahrb. L. 489 (1914). — iMayr, Fremdl. V/ald. &
Parkbdume 453, fig. 173 (1906). — Vcitch, Hortus VeUchii, 359 (1906). — Henry in
Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. III. 589, t. 201, fig. 2 (1908). — Pampanini
in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 250 (1910). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci.
Tokyo, XXXI. 205 {Fl. Kor. II.) (1911); in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 38 (1915).—
Bean in Bot. Mag. CXL. t. 8534 (1914); Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. 1. 295 (1914).

Carpinus erosa Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 308 (1850). — Walpers, Ann.
III. 379 (1852-3). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. 1. 452 (1875). —
Maximowicz in Mel. Biol. XI. 312 (1881); in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
bourg, XXVII. 534 (1882).

Distegocarpus ? erosa A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 128 (1864).

Distegocarpus ? cordata A. De Candolle, I. c. (1864).

Ostrya mandshurica Budischtschew in 3an. CnSnpcK. Ota. II. PyccK. Feorp. OfJm.
IX.-X. 481 (1867), ex Trautvetter in Act. Hort. Petrop. IX. 166 (1884), fide
Komarov !

? Carpinus cordata, f . chinensis Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 205
{Flor. Kor. II.) (non Franchet) (1911).

CHINA. Northern Hupeh: "Monte T'ien-pong-scian a 30 km. a N. E. di
Chang-kin," alt. 1550 m., October 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 319, fruits; form, see
below); " Catena di Ou-tan-scian," August-September 1909, C. Silrestri (No. 2925,
fruits; see below). Northern Shensi: " INIt. Kin-tou-san," July 14, 1897,7.
Giraldi (fruits).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: prov. Kirin, "inter Omoso et
Ninguta, trajectus San-to-alin," July 24, 1896, V. Komarov (sterile). Ussuri : Port
Bruce, 1860, C. Maximowicz (fruits) ; around Vladivostok, in forests. May 17, 1901,
Palczcwski (fruits) ; same locality, cultivated, August 20, 1903, C.S.Sargent (sterile).
Korea: Hoang-hai-to, mountains, August 1906, U. Faurie (No. 205; fruits);
Quelpaert, "in silvis basis Hallaisan," June 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1530; fruits;
interesting form, see below); "in vertice Hallaisan," June 1907, U. Faurie (No.
1531; fruits); woods, alt. 1900 m., October 1, 1910, Taquct (No. 4441; fruits);
same locality, alt. 1200 m., July 1909, Taquct (No. 3335, 3336; fruits).

JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Kitami, around Rubeshibe, not common, August
16, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7383; tree 8-13 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.6 m.; fruits);
prov. Iburi, Ivlororan, woods, September 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5775; type of
var. robusta; No. 5776; fruits); prov. Shiribeshi, Iwapai, woods, September
1904, U. Faurie (No. 5777; co-ty]ie of var. Faurieana and var. pseudojaponica);
prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, May (and fall?) 1878, A'. Uchida (flowers and fruits);
same locaUty, July 1 and 20, 1885 (from Agric. Coll. Sapporo; fruits); same local-
ity, May (and summer?) 1889, Y. Tokubuchi (flowers and fruits); Mt. Moiwa,

436 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

September 17, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 6 m.; sterile); same
place, October 16, 1892, J. H. Veitch (fruits) ; same locality, October 19, 1903, S.
Arimoto (fruits); prov. Oshima, Hakodate, 1861, C. Maximowicz (flowers); same
place, 1861, M. Albrecht (fruits). Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Fukura, September 12,
1892, J. H. Veitch (sterile, very large leaves) ; prov. Rikuchu, base of Hayachine-san,
near Kadoma, alt. 1200 m., September 28, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7587; tree
12-13 m. tall, head bushy; interesting form, see below) ; same locality, common, side
of streams, alt. 700-1200 m., September 28, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7586; small
tree, 8-12 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.2 m. ; fruits) ; prov. Shimotsuke, around Lake Chuzenji,
woods, common, alt. 1300-1600 m.. May 24, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6740; tree
12-17 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.2 m., bark rough, gray; flowers); same locality. May 26,
1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6769; tree 8-13 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.5 m.; flowers); same
locality, August 30, 1904, N. Mochizuki (fruits) ; Nikko, October 17, 1892, J. H.
Veitch (fruits); prov. Sliinano: Hashide to Otake, thickets and woodlands, June
10, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7001; tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.8 m.; unripe
fruits); prov. Musashi, Mt. Buko, May 2, 1909 (ex Herb. Sakurai; young fruits);
cultivated, Tokyo Bot. Garden, April 12, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6413; small tree,
7 m. tall, bark pale gray, slightly furrowed; flowers); prov. Suruga, Fuji-san, July
29, 1891, K. Watanabe (fruits); same locahty, 1864, Tschonoski (flowers); 1862,
C. Maximowicz (fruits); without exact locality, alt. 600-2100 m., C. Maries
(flowers); May 13, 1886, H. Mayr (young fruits); 1886, H. Mayr (fruits).

This is a very well marked species in the shape of its leaves and in the bristly hairs
at the base of the fruiting bracts. These bracts are very variable in shape, especially
in the size and shape of the lobe which covers the nutlet. Winkler (1914) has de-
scribed several varieties. These need further investigation, as 1 have found many
even more distinct forms than those described by Winkler. I mention the follow-
ing without distinguishing them as varieties. The variability of the female bracts
seems to be so great that it needs the comparison of copious material to show
w^hat variations can be regarded as well fixed and worthy of special systematic
treatment.

The most common form ^ has large ovate or ovate-elliptical acute bracts hav-
ing several teeth on the outer margin, which usually is slightly folded in at the
base, and from 1 to 4 teeth near the top of the inner margin, which otherwise is
entire with the exception of the lobe at its base covering the nutlet. This lobe is
large and connected with the inner margin of the bract for nearly its entire length;
its upper margin is acute with mostly from 2 to 4 teeth. In var. Faurieana
Winkler (in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 489 [1914]), of which one type specimen is men-
tioned above, the lobe is more rounded at the top and though a little smaller also
covers the whole nutlet. In var. robusta Winkler (1. c. fig. 1 a) the lobe is large and
toothed, and is connected with the bract for only about half its length, and in var.
pseudojaponica Winkler (1. c. 491, fig. 1 b-d) the connection of the lobe with the
bract is even less broad. But this condition of the lobe is even more distinctly
developed in No. 1530 of Faurie from Hallai-san. In this specimen the lobe is
narrow and connected with the bract only on its base, the shape of the bract
being ovate-lanceolate. In Quelpaert on Hallai-san we find always very peculiar
forms and often endemic species. No. 1531 of Faurie also deserves a special men-
tion. On this specimen the lobe is very small, entire and semicircular. Another
remarkable variation appears in Taquet's No. 4441 from Quelpaert; on this speci-
men the lobe has about the normal size and shape, but it is fissured for from | to

1 I have not seen Blume's type specimen, and Winkler does not mention that he
has seen it, therefore I do not know what the type really is, because Blume did not
describe the form of the lobes of the fruiting bracts.

BETULACEAE. — CARPINUS 437

I of its length along its line of connection with the bract, and is therefore connected
with the bract only at the upper and lower ends. Sometimes the lobe is grown
together on its lateral margins with both the margins of the bract forming a real
pocket, as 1 found in several bracts of Silvestri's No. 319. However, the most dis-
tinct variation I have found is sliown in Wilson's No. 7587, which has ovate-lance-
late bracts with entire or nearly entire margins. The lobes are large, connected
with the bract for only about h of their length near their base, the free part being
nearly obovate, acute and more or less toothed on its outer edge. 1 have never
found a special form of the bracts and their lobes combined with other distinct
characters of the plant. The difference in the shape, size, pubescence and in the
nervation and dentation of the leaves is not sufficient to found varieties on.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. x260 of the collection of Wilson's
Japanese photographs. There is only the following distinct variety from central
China:

Carpinus cordata, var. chinensis Franchet. See p. 425.

Sect. 2. EUCARPINUS Sargent, Silva N. Am. IX. 40 (1896). — Winkler in
Engler, PJlanzenr. IV .-61, 28 (1904). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 893
(1912).

Carpinus, subgen. Eucarpinus Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 37 (1915).

This section differs from the first in its looser fruiting catkins, which never
look like those of an Ostrya, and in its ovate or ovate-triangular more or less acute
nutlets. A natural arrangement of the species of this section according to their
relationship is a difficult undertaking. After a careful examination of the ripe fruits
of the species from our area I am inclined to consider the pubescence or glabrous-
ness of the nutlets a valuable taxonomic character. They are nearly always more or
less provided with silky hairs on the top of the ovary and on the lobes of the peri-
gone, which are more or less distinct; but the pubescence 1 refer to is a very fine
one and is spread over the whole surface, and sometimes is only visible with the aid
of a strong lens. The nutlets are nearly always somewhat glandular, but these
small yellowish brown glands are different from the minute hairs. Only further
investigation can show if the nutlets present some other characters in their
size, their ribs, and in the development of the perigone lobes. The shape, dentation,
venation, the reticulation and the size of the bracts and their lobes are very vari-
able in the same species, and it would need statistical investigations of hundreds
of the bracts of the same plant and of different plants of the same species to fix
the limits of this variation in certain species. It is useless to make new sections or
groups as Nakai did when deahng only with a few species of a very limited area
like Korea. The male flowers may afford good characters too, but 1 have not seen
them of all our species.

3. Carpinus viminea Wallich,i PI. As. Rar. II. 4, t. 106 (1831). — A. De Can-
dolle, Frodr. XVI. pt. 2, 127 (18G4). — Stewart, Punjab PI. 200 (1869). — Brandis,
Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 492 (1874); Ind. Trees, 623 (1906). — Kurz, For. Ft. Brit.
Burma, II. 477 (1877). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 626 (1888). — Gamble, Man.
Ind. Timb. ed. 2, 684 (1902). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 476 (1902). — Winkler in Engler,
PJlanzenr. IV.-61. 32, fig. 12 C-D (1904); in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 493, fig. 3
(1914). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 894, fig. 558 b, 559 i-k (1912).

^ According to Wallich's Catalogue the name viminea was given by Wallich in
1824 in his herbarium. At this time Wallich united No. 2801 with it, which in
1831 was named C. faginea by Lindley (see p. 442), who gave to Wallich the
MSS. of the diagnoses which appeared in the Plantae Asiaticae.

438 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

INDIA. Kumaon: "reg. temp., 6-7000 ped.," T. Thomson (fruits); Nanik,
7000 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom (No. I; fruits); without locality, R. Blinhvorth
(No. 2800"^ Herb. Wallich, second type ex Wallichr). United Provinces : Dehra
Dun, Kathian, June 17, 1912, R. Manickam (fruits). Nepal: without exact lo-
cality, 1821, N. Wallich (No. 2800**, type ex WalUch). East Bengal: without
locality (No. 4488, Herb. Griffith; fruits). Assam: Konoma, Napa Hills, Dr.
King's collector (fruits).

This is a well-marked species with its long pointed leaves; there may be several
forms according to their more or less compound serration. 1 have not seen sufficient
material to make it possible to say whether or not the western forms are different
from those from the eastern parts of the Himalaya. This species certainly is closely
related to the following.

4. Carpinus Londoniana Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. 1V.-61, 32 (1904); in
Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 492 (1914). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 894, fig.
558 g, 559 h (1912).

CHINA. Yunnan : Szemao, forests, alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 11640, type;
tree 7 m. tall; immature fruits); same locality, east mountains, alt. 1600 m., A.
Henry (No. 11640'^; tree 7 m. tall; immature fruits) ; same locality, south ravine,
A. Henry (No. 11640^; tree 2.4 m. tall; young leaves and male flowers).

INDIA. Burma : March 1880, D. Brandis (ex Winkler). Siam : Chiang-mai,
forest, January 2, 1909, A.F.G. Kerr (No. 511; tree 10 m. tall; ripe fruits and old
leaves at the same time with the young leaves and the flowers; ex Winkler).

This species is certainly very closely related to C. viminea Wallich, and may per-
haps be better treated as a geographical variety. For the main differences see the
key, p. 432. I have not seen any male flowers of C. viminea. Those of C. Londoni-
ana may be described as follows:

Amenta mascula circiter 6 cm. longa; bracteae ovatae v. ovato-lanceolatae,
cuspidato-acuminatae, brunneae sed apice purpurascentes, faciebus glabrae, mar-
gine plus minusve breviter cihatae, apicem versus glabriores, circiter 6-7 mm.
longae et 2.5-3.5 mm. latae; stamina circiter 10, toro piloso inserta thecis oblongo-
ellipticis separatis apice rubro-brunneis et hirsutis, filamento communi iis fere
aequilongo.

5. Carpinus laxifiora Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 309 (1850). — Walpers,
Ann. III. 379 (1852-3). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 121 (1863). — Fran-
chet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. 1. 451 (1875), exclud. Savatier No. 1172. — Maxi-
mowicz in Mel. Biol. XI. 315 (1881); in Bidl. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXVll.
536 (1882). — Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 364 (1893); For. Fl. Jap. 64 (1894);
Silva N. Am. IX. 41 (1896). — Shirasawa in Bull. Agric. Coll. Tokyo, II. 267,
t. 13, fig. 13 {Jap. Laubh. Winter, t. 9, fig. 13) (1895); Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 48,
t. 25, fig. 15-30 (1900). — Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. I. 253 (1900); in
Bailey, Stand. Cijcl. Hort. II. 673 (1914). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1.
138, fig. 76 i (1904); II. 894, fig. 558 c, 559 f-g (1912). — Winkler in Engler,
Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 33, fig. 10 K (1904) ; in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 494 (1914). — Henry
in Elwes & Henry, Trees Or. Brit. & Irel. III. 530, t. 201, fig. 8 (1908), exclud.
plantis chinensibus. — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 205 {Fl. Kor. II.)
(1911). — Miyabe & Kudo in Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. V. 145 (1915).

Distegocarpus laxiflora Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Milnch. IV. pt. 3,
228 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 104) (1846). — Walpers, Ann. I. 634 (1848).—
A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 128 (1864).

/ Carpinus la.riflora, var. chartacea L6veill6 in B^dl. Soc. Bot. France, LI. 424
(1904), descriptio valde incompleta.

BETULACEAE. — CARPINUS 439

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: "in montibus Ouen-san," August 2S
1901, U. Faurie (No. 624; fruits not yet fully ripe); Quelpaert, "in silvis Hallai-
san," June 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1536; unripe fruits); same locality, May 1907,
U. Faurie (No. 1532; flowers); same locality, July 1909, Taquet (No. 3237; unripe
fruits); "in sylvis Hioton," April 14, 1908, Taquet (No. 4705; female flowers; may
belong to C. Tschonoskii Maximowicz).

JAPAN. Hokkaido : prov. Oshima, near Mori, September 26, 1892, C. S. Sar-
gent (tree 13-17 m. tall, girth 3-5.4 m., smooth white bark; sterile) ; Hakodate, 1861,
C. Maximowicz {huiiing branchlets). Hondo : prov. Shiraotsuke, Lake Chuzenji,
August 21, 1904, A^. Mochizuki (fruits); same locality, roadside, October 26, 1905,
J. G. Jack (sterile); Nikko, October 18, 1892, J. H. Veitch (tree 7-10 m. tall;
fruiting branchlets); prov. Kozuke, Mt. Asama, July 14, 1904, U. Faurie (No.
5772; fruiting branchlets); prov. Siiinano, hills near Fukushima, 1892, C. S. Sar-
gent (tree 7-10 m. tall; fruiting branchlets); Hashide to Otake, common, June
10, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6997; tree 10-15 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.5 m., bark
smooth, pale gray; young fruits); Otake-gawa, common, margin of woods, No-
vember 2, 1914, E. H. Wilson (Nos. 7745, 7750; bushy tree, 7-12 m. tall, girth
0.5-0.75 m.; fruiting branchlets); Nojiri, September 6, 1905, J. G. Jack (fruiting
branchlets) ; prov. Musashi, Tokyo region, near Sakai station, in grove by farm-
house, April 9, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6389; tree 15 m. tall, girth 1.2 m., bark
smooth, pale gray with shallow longitudinal furrows; flowers); same region, June
15, 1908 (ex Herb. Sakurai; young fruits); same prov., Omiya, July 15 and 17,
1911 (ex Herb. Sakurai; foHa satis lanceolata, basi plus minusve acuta; amenta
fructifera nondum matura longa); same prov., Mejiro, July 18, 1909 (ex Herb.
Sakura; young fruits); prov. Sagami, Hakone, 1864, Tschonoski (very young fruits,
also flowers named C. Tschonoskii) ; Miyanoshita, August 25, 1892, C. S. Sargent
(tree 7-8 m. tall; fruiting branchlets); prov. Suruga, base of Fuji-san, 1862, C.
Maximoroicz (very young fruits); prov.?, "in sylvis Ubayu," July 1, 1904, U.
Faurie (No. 5773; ripe fruits). Shikoku : prov. Tosa, Nanokawa, September 17,
1887, R. Watanabe (fruiting branchlets). Kyushu: prov. Chikugo, April 1886,
H. Mayr (flowers); without precise locality (ex Herb. Lugd.-Bat.; sterile and fe-
male flowers).

The male flowers of the typical form of his species have broadly orbicular-ovate
very short-pointed or obtuse bracts which are distinctly dark rcd-l)rown at the
apex and clear yellowish below. The male flowers of Faurie's No. 1532 arc hardly
different, but the main part of their bracts is brownish without such a strong con-
trast in color as in the flowers of the Japanese specimens before me. Winkler (1914)
in describing the male flowers from Faurie's No. 1532 mentions a white cross line
beneath the dark apex which I did not find in the specimen in the herbarium of
the Arnold Arboretum. 1 am not quite sure whether No. 1532 does belong to
C. Fauriei with finely puberulous fruits or to the api)arently t\i)ical C. laxijlora
represented by the other specimens from Korea. The island of Quelpaert is rich
in distinct forms.

As far as 1 know the typical C. laxijlora Siebold & Zuccarini does not occur in
Mandshuria or China. There are the following two Cliinese varieties:

Carpinus laxiflora, var. macrostachya Burkill. See p. 425.

Carpinus laxiflora, var. Davidii Franchet. See p. 426.

6. Carpinus Turczaninovii Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. X. 203 (1869). — Maxi-
mowicz in Mi'l. Biol. XL 315 (1881); in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, XXVIL
535 (1882). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Pans, s6t. 2, Vll. 88, t. 10 {PI. David.
I. 278) (1884); in Jour, de Bat. XIII. 203 (1899), exclud. specimine Fargesii.—

440 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 502 (1899), exclud. specimine Fargesii. —
Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 279 (1900), exclud. specimine Fargesii. — Rehder in
Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. 1. 253 (1900); in Bailey, -Stand. Cycl. Hort. II. 673
(1914). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 895, fig. 558 h-i, 559 t-u (1904). —
Winkler in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 502, fig. 5 (1914).

Carpinus Paxii Winkler in Englcr, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 35, fig. 10 A-C (1914). —
Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 39 (1915).

Carpinus stipulata Winkler, in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 35, fig. 11 (1914).

Carpinus Turczaninowii, var. stipulata Winkler in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 505
(pro parte) (1914).

CHINA. Chili: near Peking, August 1886, S. W. Williams (No. 12681 Herb.
Hance, type; fruits not yet ripe); hills near Peking, August 1876, S. W. Williams
(seeds ripen early in July in good seasons ; much fruit usually ; flowers in May ; tree
about 10 ft. high; not a common tree; it has been destroyed by drought during the
last ten years); Tse-tai-ssu, H. Wawra (No. 1067, type of C. Paxii, ex Winkler).
Northern Shensi: Tsin-Hng-shan, G. Giraldi (No. 7267, type of C. stipulata).
Shantung : Po-shan, mountain sides on rocks, September 19, 1907, F. N. Meyer
(No. 258; ripe fruits).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Chemulpo, cultivated, September 15,
1905, J. G. Jack (fruiting branchlets) ; same locahty, in horto residentis germanici,
September 1906, U. Faurie (No. 202; fruiting branchlets).

In liis monograph Winkler described this species under the name of C. Paxii.
I cannot separate Winkler's C. stipulata, of which I have seen a co-type, even as a
variety from the typical C. Turczaninovii, which is confined to northern China and,
according to Nakai, to southern Korea. The bracts of this species are rather large
and sometimes almost obovate. The peculiar development of the beards in the
axils of the lateral veins on the under surface of the leaves of this species may be
seen more or less clearly in most of the species of the genus, even in C. orientalis
Miller where the " wreath " is mostly hidden by overlying straight hairs. Whether
the persistence of the stipules is a character of special importance for our species
and its varieties or not needs further observation. The form and dentation of
the small leaves as indicated in the key are distinct.

Carpinus Turczaninovii, var. ovalifolia Winkler. See p. 427.
Carpinus Turczaninovii, var. firmifolia Winkler in Bot. Jahrb. L. 505 (1914).
CHINA. Kwei-chou: Ma-jo, September 1908, J. Cavalerie (No. 3135, type,
ex Winkler).

According to its pubescent nutlets this variety may belong to or represent a
different species. Not having seen a specimen I cannot decide this question, but
the flora of Kwei-chou contains a large number of endemic species.

7. Carpinus Tanakaeana Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVIII. 32 (February
1914).

Carpinus Turczaninowii, var. Makinoi Winkler in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 505
(March 1914).

JAPAN. Shikoku : prov. Tosa, Mt. Yokogura, T. Makino (type of C. Tana-
kaeana, ex Makino) ; same prov., 1889, T. Makino (No. 277; type of var. Makinoi,
ex Winkler).

I know this species only from the description and there is nothing in the rich
Japanese material before me which I can refer to it. According to Makino the
leaves are small, 1.2-4.6 cm. long and 0.8-3 cm. broad, acute or shortly acuminate

BETULACEAE. — CARPINUS 441

and mucronately doubly sorrate. He says that it is closely related to C. stipulaia
Winkler. The bracts of the fruit are described as "obliciuely ovate, inucronato-
acute at the apex, irregularly inucronato-inciso-serrate, often sub-bilobcd, . . .
slightly involute and semi-embracing the nut at the base, 9-11 mm. long." The
nut is " densely pubescent toward the top," but otherwise seems to be glabrous.
The relationship of this species needs further investigation.

8. Carpinus Fargesiana Winkler. See p. 428.

9. Carpinus Tschonoskii Maximowicz in Mel. Biol. XI. 313 (1881); in Bull.
Acad. Sci. St. Petcrsbourg, XXVII. 534 (1882). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr.
IV .-61, 36, fig. 10 M (1904); in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 499, fig. a-h (1914), exclud.
var. subintegra. — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 21 (1912). — Schneider, III.
Ilandb. Laubholzk. II. 894, fig. 559 r-s (1912). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX.
39 (1915).

Carpinus laxiflora Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 451 (non Blume)
(1875), quoad plantam Savatieri.

Carpinus yedoensis Maximowicz in Mel. Biol. XI. 314 (1881); in Bull. Acad.
Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXVII. 535 (1882). — Shirasawa in Bull. Agric. Coll.
Tokyo, II. 266, t. 13, fig. 11 {Jap. Laubh. Winter, t. 9, fig. 11) (1895); Icon.
Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 11, fig. 1-18 (1908). — Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am.
Hort. 1. 253 (1900) ; in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 11. 674 (1914). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 138, in adnot. (1904); II. 895 (1912). — Henry
in Elwes & Henry, Trees Or. Brit. & Irel. III. 529 (pro parte) (1908).—
Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 297 (pro parte) (1914).

Carpinus yedoensis, var. serratiauriculata Winkler in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 500,
fig. 4 h (1914).

Carpinus yedoensis, var. Jablonszkyi Winkler, 1. c. fig. 4 g (1914).

CHINA. Chekiang: near Changhua, on rocky slopes, shady, alt. 300 m.,
July 12, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1542; tree 8-13 m. tall; sterile; very similar to
the ty]>e, but needs further observation).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert, June 7, 1910, Taquet (No.
2440; fruiting branchlets).

JAPAN. Hondo : prov. Rikuzen, Sendai, temple grounds, August 26, 1905, J.
G. Jack (sterile) ; prov. Kozuke, Banba, very rare, August 29, 1899 (type locality of
var. Jablonszkyi; fruiting branches); same prov., Mt. Asama, July 14, 1904, U.
Faurie (No. 5778; ripe fruits); prov. Mino, May 13, 1886, //. Mayr (young leaves);
prov. Musashi, Tokyo, cultivated, August 30, 1892, C. S. Sargent (with ripe
fruits); same locality, November 1892, C. Maximowicz (type of C. yedoensis, ex
Maximowicz); same locality, L.Sara^ier (No. 1172, co-type of C. yedoensis, e\ Maxi-
mowicz, and of var. serratiauriculata, ex Winkler); same locality, June 20, 1911 (ex
Herb. Sakurai; young fruits); district Tokyo, wild! August 12, 1910 (ex Herb. Sa-
kurai; ripe fruits) ; prov. Suruga, slopes of Fuji-san, temple grounds, June 14, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 6915; tree 13 m. tall, girth 0.6 m., bark smooth, pale gray,
young fruits); same prov., Fuji-san, 1864, Tschonoski (type of C. Tschonoskii;
young fruits); without precise locality, April (ex Herb. Sci. Coll. Imp. Univ. Jap.;
flowers). Shikoku : prov. Tosa, Nanokawa, August 1888, K. Watanabe (ripe fruits).

I agree with Winkler (1914) that C. yedoensis Maximowicz is identical with this
species; I do not understand why Winkler descril)c.s Savatier's No. 1172 as a new
variety, this number having been regarded by C. Maxhuowicz as one of his type
specimens. Besides I cannot see any real difference between AN'inklcr's var. Jablon-
szkyi and the type.

442 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

The forms of this species from southern Korea are very differently interpreted.
The type of Winkler's var. subintegra has pubescent nutlets and is referred to C.
Fauriei Nakai. Faurie's No. 1533 of June 1907 from Hallai-san has glabrous
nutlets, and seems to represent the same form as Taquet's No. 4440, which I take
for typical C. Tschonoskii. Faurie's No. 1534 of May 1907 from the same locality
is too j^oung to be referred without question to this species, and may belong to C.
Fauriei, the relationship of which to C. Tschonoskii needs further investigation.

Nakai (in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 39 [1915]) mentions C. Fargesiana Winkler
from the Chiri-san in southern Korea, without further indication. This is probably
C. Tschonoskii.

Nakai (1. c. 38) also describes a new species: C. eximia, from the same mountain,
near the temple Sen-on-ji, alt. 280 m., July 15, 1913, T. Nakai (No. 11, type).
As far as 1 can judge from his description this plant may represent only a robust
form of C. Tschonoskii. The only difference I can see is " perigonium fructum toto
clausum," but this character seems to be variable in this species.

9. Carpinus Henryana Winkler. See p. 428.

10. Carpinus Seemeniana Diels. See p. 430.

11. Carpinus pubescens Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 502 (1899). —
Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 37 (1904); in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 501 (pro
parte) (1914). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 895 (pro parte) (1914).

CHINA. Yunnan : Mile district, Feng-tien, old woods, November, A. Henry
(No. 9929, type; tree 7-10 m. tall; ripe fruits).

C. Seemeniana Diels is possibly only a variety of C. pubescens. , See my remarks
under the preceding species.^

12. Carpinus faginea Lindley apud Walhch, PI. As. Rar. II. 5 (1831). — A.
DeCandolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 127 (1864). — Brandis, For. Fl. Brit. Ind. 492, t. 66
(1874); Ind. Trees, 623 (1906). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 477 (1877). —
Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 626 (1888). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV .-61, 40
(1904) exclud. citat. Forbes & Hemsley et Diels. — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk.
II. 894, fig. 558 a, 559 1 (1912).

INDIA. Kumaon: Naini-tdl, alt. 2200 m., Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 2;
sterile) ; same region, R. Blinckworth (WaUich's No. 2801, ex WalUch). Gurh wal :
Kamrup (type, ex Lindley); without locality (No. 4489 Herb. Griffith; young
fruits).

I have seen too little material to get sufficiently acquainted with this species,
which certainly is very distinct. Henry's specimen (No. 5520'*') referred to it by
Burkill may, I believe, belong to C. polyneura Franchet.

13. Carpinus Fauriei Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 325 (1912); 1. c. XXIX.
39 (1915).

Carpinus Tschonoskii, var. subintegra Winkler in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 501, fig.
4 i (1914).
NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Southern Korea: Quelpaert, Hallai-san, forests,
July 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1535, type of var. subintegra; almost ripe fruits); same
locality, 1907, Taquet (No. 587, type, ex Nakai).

Neither Winkler nor Nakai mentions the fine pubescence of the whole surface of
the nutlets, which I find in No. 1535 (Herb. Arnold Arboretum), but otherwise

1 To both these species seems closely related C. minutiserrata Hayata {Icon. PI.
Formos. III. 177, t. 33, fig. A [1913]), which I know only from the description and
plate. The type was collected in Formosa at Tandaisha, April 1910, by U. Mori.

BETULACEAE. — CORYLUS 443

Nakai's description of Taquet's number agrees well enough with Faurie's specimen
before me. The narrow-oblong or lanceolate fruiting bracts are 1.7-2 cm. long and
6-9 mm. broad. I am not sure about the real relationship of this species, which
needs further observation. See also the remarks under C. Tschonoskii Maximowicz.
14. Carpinus polyneura Franchet. See p. 430.

Carpinus polyneura, var. Wilsoniana Winkler in Bot. Jahrb. L. Suppl. 506
(1914).

CHINA. Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
5791, tj^pe; tree 10 m. tall, young fruits).

This variety needs further investigation, as it was collected in a locality where
there are so many endemic species. The leaves are longer and even more pointed
than in the type. The ripe fruits are not yet known.

CORYLUS L.

Corylus tibetica Batalin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIII. 102 (1893).—
Vilmorin & Bois, Frut. Vilmorin. 206, fig. (1905). — M. L. de Vilmorin
in Rev. Hort. 1910, 203, fig. 82, t. (1910). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. II. 895 (1912). — Hickel in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1912,
105, fig. 4 f (1912). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. 1. 403 (1914).

Corylus ferox, var. thibetica Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 200 (1899). — •
Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 503 (1899). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX.
281 (1900). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 45 (1904). — Rehder
in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. II. 859 (1914).

Western Hupeh : Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1800-2400 m., October

1907 (No. 712; bush 3-7 m, tall; fruiting branchlets) ; same locality,
1889, A. Henry (Nos. 6778, 6778=^; old leafy branchlets with catkins);
Changyang Hsien, alt. 2100 m., April 8, and fall 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
57; shrub 4 m. tall; flowers and ripe fruits). Western Szech'uan:
southeast of Tachien-lu, woods, alt. 2200-2800 m., July and October

1908 (No, 1301, in part; bush 3-7 m. tall; with fruits); same locality,
October 1908 (No. 1301, in part; bark of thin tree 7 m. tall, girth
0.3 m.); Tachien-lu, common in woods, alt. 1800-2400 m., October
1910 (No. 4283; bush 3-7 m. tall; with fruits); same locality, A. E.
Pratt (No. 5; with young fruits); west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien,
woods, alt. 2200-2800 m., July and October 1908 (No. 1301^ bush
3-7 m. tall, old leafy branchlets with catkins). Eastern Kansu:
Amdo, valley of Tshagon River, July 10, 1885, G. N. Potanin (fruiting
type, ex Batalin).

According to my own observations this species also occurs in southeastern
Szech'uan and northern Yunnan, but 1 have not my specimens at hand. It is dis-
tinguished from the Himalayan species by its more copiously spinose fruiting bracts,
and by its more distinctly acuminate bracts of the male flowers, the tips of these
bracts being glabrous and mostly glandular. See also my remarks under the section.

444 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

As a large bush or small bushy tree this species is abundant in the woods and
forests of western Hupeh and of Szech'uan. E. H. W.

Corylus chinensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 197 (1899). —
Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 896, fig. 560 c (1912). — Bean,
Trees & Shrubs Brit. I si. I. 401 (1914). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand.
Cycl. Hort. II. 859 (1914).

Corylus Colurna, var. chinensis Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 503 (1899). —
Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 281 (1900). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr.
IV.-61, 50, fig. 15 (1904). — Bean in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1911, 327
(1911).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, woodlands, etc., alt. 900-1600
m., January 1909 (No. 1453; tree 3-17 m. tall, girth 0.3-2.4 m.;
branchlets with old leaves and catkins); Changlo Hsien, woods, alt.
900-1600 m., September 1907 (No. 2281, tree 10 m. tall, girth 0.6 m.;
with ripe fruits); Hsing-shan Hsien, oak woods, alt. 1800-2200 m.,
June 2, 1907 (No. 2281^ tree 13 m. tall, girth 0.6 m.; sterile); Fang
Hsien, alt. 1200 m., June 1910 (No. 4553; huge tree, 40 m. tall, girth
5.4 m.; sterile); Patung Hsien, A. Heiiry (No. 7533; leafy branchlets
with catkins). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, woodlands,
alt. 900-1600 m., September 1907 (No. 2280; tree 17 m. tall, girth 2-4
m,; leafy branchlets with catkins); same locality, A. Henry (No. 7111;
leafy branchlets with catkins). Western Szech'uan: Hung-ya
Hsien, roadside, one tree only, alt. 1100 m., September 8, 1908 (No.
2282; fruiting branchlet). Yunnan: "in silvis montanis faucium ad
Santchang kion, in via e Tali ad Ho-king," alt. 2200 m., J. Delavay
(Nos. 197 and 212, types, ex Franchet).

In the typical form which 1 have collected myself in 1914 not far from the type
locality, the involucre of the fruits is not distinctly elongated into a tube, but the
margin is deeply lobed, and the lobes are more or less furcate, the nutlet being not
or less distinctly hidden than in the forms from Szech'uan and Hupeh of which I
have seen ripe fruits. The size of the thick-shelled nuts seems to be variable, aa
well as the size and thickness of the involucres; the nuts are especially thick in
Wilson's No. 2282 compared with those from Yunnan or with those of a cultivated
specimen in Hort. Vilmorin at Les Barres in France. So far as I can see there is
otherwise no real difTerence between the Yunnan plant and those from Szech'uan
and Hupeh, but I have not been able to compare male flowers.

There is another Tree Hazel in eastern Szech'uan, " in silvis ad Heoupin props
Tchen-keou-tin," alt. 1400 m., P. Farges (No. 1307), which was first described as C.
rostrata, var. Fargesii by Franchet (in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 199 [1899]), under which
name it is kept by Winkler (in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 53, fig. 14 F [1904]),
while Burldll referred it to C. mandshurica, var. Fargesii in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI.
505 [1899]). Diels followed him (in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 281 [1900]). Burkill and
Winkler saw Franchet's type, but they did not refer any other specimen to this
variety. 1 made it a species, C. Fargesii {III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 896, fig. 561 e

BETULACEAE. — CORYLUS 445

[1912]), because it was described as a tree byFarges (ex Franchet) and becaiisc the
invohicres are without the setose bristly hairs which are always present in those
of C. mandshurica Maximowicz and C. rostrala Aiton. According to the figure
of a fruit pubhshed by Winkler, this plant much resembles the specimens collected
by Wilson not far from the region where the type had been found. The leaves,
however, are described as much narrower, obovate or oblong than those on the
specimens before me. Nevertheless, 1 have little doubt that C. Fargcsii is much
more nearly related to C. chincnsis than to the species with setose involucres, and
it may turn out to be a mere variety of the common Tree Hazel of central China,
the leaves of which are very unsymmetrical at their base, as they are said to be
in C. Fargesii, while in C. Sieholdiana Blume they are usually symmetrical.

Corylus chinejisis occurs sparingly on the mountains throughout western Hupeh
and Szech'uan, but is very rare in the western part of the last-named province. It
forms a magnificent tree, from 25 to 40 m. tall with a trunk from 2 to 5 m. in girth.
The main branches spread almost horizontally and the outline of the crown is
broadly oval. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 316, 509 and 0122 of
the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China,
Nos. 172, 173. E. H. W.

Corylus heterophylla Fischer, var. sutchuenensis Franchet in Jour,
de Bot. XIII. 199 (1899). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 504
(1899). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 280 (1900). — Winkler in Engler,
Pflanzenr. IV.-61,48(var. sutchuensis) (1904). — Schneider, /ZL Handh.
Lauhholzk. II. 896 (1912).

Corylus heterophylla, var. Crista-galli Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 504
(1899). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 280 (1900). — Winkler in Engler,
Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 50 (1904). — Schneider, III. Handh. Lauhholzk. II. 896
(1912).

Corylus heterophylla Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 250
(non Fischer) (1910).

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thick-
ets, alt. 1800-2200 m., September 1908 (No. 1149; bush 1.8-3 m. tall;
with ripe fruits, leaves beneath pubescent only on the rib and veins,
branchlets and petioles sparsely pubescent; involucres deeply cleft,
shorter than the very fine pubescent nutlets); same locality, July
1908 (No. 2276; bush 2.4 m. tall; almost ripe fruits identical with
those of typical C. heterophylla, anthers yellowish ?); same locality,
alt. 2400-2900 m., October 1910 (No. 4551; bush 1.8-4 m. tall; ripe
fruits, same form as No. 1149); Tachien-lu, forming scrub, alt. 2400-
3100 m., July and September 1908 (No. 2283; bush 0.9-2.4 m. tall;
young and almost ripe fruits like No. 2276, pubescence of loaves and
petioles similar to var. yunnanensis, anthers yellowish ?) ; same locality,
thickets, alt. 2400-2700 m.; September 1910 (No. 4552; ripe fruits and
pubescence as in No. 2283, or involucres more like those of var. Crista-
galli type); Ts3iku-\ao,Wei-knan,Tsich£ii-tzu, August, 189 1, A. y. Rosthorn

446 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

(No. 2547; ripe fruits, etc., as in No. 1149). Eastern Szechu'an:
district of Tchen-keou-tin, alt. 1400 m., P. Farges (No. 809 [or 805 fide
Winkler] , type of var . sutchuenensis ex Franchet) . Western Hup eh:
Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1200-1800 m., April and July, 1907 (No.
2276; bush 2.4 m. tall; with young fruits like those of var. Crista-galli
type); same locality, September 1907 (No. 2279; bush 3 m. tall; fruits
as in No. 1149, but branchlets and petioles hirsute and very glandular-
setose, kind of pubescence of leaves somewhat intermediate between
type and var. yunnanensis) ; Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, common, alt.
1200-1800 m., June 1907 (No. 2277''; bush 2.4-4.5 m. tall; fruits as
in No. 2276); same locality, October 1907 (No. 2277; ripe fruits, etc.
as in No. 1149); Changyang Hsien, woods and sides of streams, alt.
800-1600 m., April and October 1907 (No. 2278; bush 3-7 m. tall;
with very young leaves and female flowers; No. 2278=»; old leaves and
catkins, more glabrous than No. 2279) ; Patung and Tunghu Hsiens,
A. Hennj (Nos. 1449; male flowers; 2854, 2866, 6413, co-types of
var. Crista-galli; old leaves, young and ripe fruits). Northern
H u p e h : "Monte di Fan-sien," July-August 1906, C. Silvestri (No. 324;
ripe fruits like those of var. Crista-galli type) ; " Ou-tan-scian,"alt. 2090
m., July 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 328; young fruits similar to those of No.
327); " Monte T'ien-pong-scian, a 30 km. a N.E. di Chang-kin," alt.
1990 m., October 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 329; leaves thin, sparsely pu-
bescent, anthers of young male catkins apparently red). Northern
Shensi: Kin-qua-san, July 10, 1897, /. Giraldi (young fruits similar
to those of No. 327). Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, common, alt. 1300
m., July 30, 1907 (No. 1538; bush 1.2-3 m. tall; unripe fruits, etc.,
similar to those of No. 2279, leaves and branchlets a little more glabrous).
Yunnan : " dans les gorges du Lan ho, au pied du mont Yang in Chan,
pres Langkong," J. Delavay (No. 128; fide Franchet, similar to the type
from Mandshuria, referred by Burkill to var. Crista-galli). Hunan :
Shihmen, A. Henry (No. 7942, by Burkill referred to var. Crista-galli).

There is a good deal of variability in the involucres of the nuts and in the pubes-
cence of the leaves, petioles and branchlets of this species. I have not seen
Franchet's type specimen, but I do not believe that there is enough difference be-
tween var. sutchuenensis and var. crista-galli to keep these varieties distinct. If the
anthers of the plants from Hupeh, eastern Szech'uan, and Kiangsi turn out to be
always red, this form represents a distinct species most nearly related to var. yunna-
nensis, while the forms of western and northwestern Szech'uan, if their anthers are
really yellow, would represent a variety of the typical C. heterophylla Fischer. Both
species have differences in the involucres of the fruits and in the pubescence of the
leaves, petioles and branchlets. What is needed most are observations in the field.
In Yunnan near Lichiang Fu, where the Hazel is very common, I noticed the same

BETULACEAE. — CORYLUS 447

variability of the involucres of the fruits as occurs in the common Hazelnut of
Europe.

CLAVIS ANALYTICUS SECTIONUM SPECIERUMQUE ASIAE
ORIENTALIS HIMALAYAEQUE.

Involucri fructiferi segmenta laciniata in spinas mutata, pungentia. Antherae
purpurascentes. Folia dentibus acuminatis inaequaliter dui)lioato-scrrata.
Ramuli plus minusve atrofusci; arbores parvae v. frutices altae.

Sect. 1. ACANTHOCHLAMYS.

Bracteae florum masculinorum apice acutae v. breviter acuminatae, extus tota

facie tomentellae. Folia ovato-oblonga v. obovato-oblonga . . 1. C.ferox.

Bracteae florum masculinorum apice distincte acuminatae acumine saepe glan-

dulifero, extus apice glabrae. Folia late ovata v. obovata . . 2. C tibetica.

Involucri fructiferi segmenta nunquam spinosa v. pungentia. Antherae flavae, ro-

seae v. purpurascentes. Foliorum dentes hand v. vix, rarius distincte

acuminati Sect. II. AVELLANA.

Arbores ramulis fragilibus cito rimosis vetustioribus cortice plus minusve sub-
eroso obtectis. Bracteae florum masculinorum distincte acuminatae; an-
therae flavae et glabrae v. purpurascentes et apice barbatae. Folia magna

V. maxima Subsect. 1. COLURNAE.

Antherae flavae, glabrae. Involucra fructifera apice aperta, segmentis saexns-
sime linearibus multifida v. multipartito-palmatis v. dentatis instructa,
facie puberula et pilis longis glanduliferis plus minusve praedita.

3. C. Colurna.
Antherae purpurascentes, apice pilosae. Involucra fructifera segmentis pauci-
oribus saepe latioribus integris dentatisve sed non pilis glanduliferis
praeditis instructa, apice aperta v. clausa.
Involucra fructifera supra fructum non constricta, lobis plus minusve den-
tatis sed vix V. non bifidis, basi saepe glandulifera. Bracteae florum mas-
culinorum pleraeque longiores quam latae v. apice non glanduliferae.

Folia saepissime lobulato-dentata 4. C. Jacquemontii.

Involucra fructifera supra fructum constricta, lobis integris, sed apice saepe
bifidis, ut videtur glandulis destituta. Bracteae florum masculinorum
latae, apice subito argute acuminatae et plus minusve glanduliferae.
Folia irregulariter dentata, sed in plantis adultis vix lobulata.

5. C. chinensis.
Frutices ramuhs tenacibus etiam vetustioribus laevibus. Bracteae florum mas-
culinorum hand v. vix acuminatae; antherae semper apice pilosae. Folia

pleraque minora Subsect. 2. EUAVELLANAE.

Involucra fructifera velutina v. molliter pilosa, saepe pilis longis glanduliferis
ve.stitata, sed hand v. vix setis pungentibus praedita, apice latereque
plus minusve aperta.
Petioli foHorum majorum 1.5 cm. longi v. ultra, v. folia basi distincte cor-
data, saepe longitudine subaequilata, margine irregulariter serrato-den-
tata, nervis laterahbus inter sc 0.8-1.2 cm. distantibus.

6. C. hetcrophylla.
Petioli foliorum etiam maximorum vix ad 1.3 cm. longi; folia basi rotunda
V. cuneato-rotunda, distincte longiora quam lata, margine angustc irre-
gulariter acuto-serrata, nervis lateralibus 5-7 mm. inter se distantibus.

7. C. hallaisanensis.

448 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Involucra fructifera velutina et etiam setis pungentibus plus minusve dense
vestita (tantura in var. miti setis deficientibus), apice in tubum angustiorem
plus minusve longum contracta 8. C. Sieboldiana.

ENUMERATIO SECTIONUM ET SPECIERUM ASIAE ORIENTALIS
HIMALAYAEQUE.

Sect. I. ACANTHOCHLAMYS Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. s^r. 2, XVI. 108
(1841). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 129 (1864). — Mouillefert, Traite Arb.
&Arbriss. 11. 1143 (1897).

The main character of this section is found in the spinose segments of the fruiting
bracts, the fruits resembling those of a Castanea. In the male flowers the two thecae
of the anthers seem to be mostly somewhat united at the middle in C. ferox Wallich,
while in C. tibetica Batalin the thecae are free, and only the filaments are more or
less united, although they are sometimes divided to the base. The color of the an-
thers seems to be almost purple, the filaments being whitish. In C. ferox Wallich
the anthers are more hairy at their apex than in the other species.

1. Corylus ferox WalHch, PI. As. Rar. I. 77, t. 87 (1830). — Loudon, Arb. Brit.
111. 2030, fig. 1950 (1838). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI.pt. 2, 129 (1864).—
Brandis, Fore.st Fl. Brit. Ind. 494 (1874); Ind. Trees, 624 (1906), exclud. var.
thibetica. — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 625 (1888). — Mouillefert, Traite Arb. &
Arbriss. II. 1143 (1897). — Gamble, il/an. Ind. Timb. &S4: (1902). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 144, in adnot. (1904); II. 897, fig. 560 b, 561 c (1912). —
Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 44, fig. 13 (1904), exclud. var. — Rehder in
Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. II. 859 (1904), exclud. var.

INDIA. Nepal : " ad cacumen Shedpore montis," 1821, A''. Wallich (No. 2797,
type, ex Wallich; tree 7 m. tall). Sikkim : "reg. temp., alt. 8-10,000 ped.," J. D.
Hooker (flowers and young fruits; mixed with a winter branchlet of C. Jacque-
montii in Herb. Gray).

This is a well marked species of which I have seen so little material that I cannot
point out clearly its differences from the following nearly related species which
inhabits a different geographical area, neither of the two species apparently being
found in the region from I"Qiasia to southern Yunnan.

2. Corylus tibetica Batalin. See p. 443.

Sect. II. AVELLANA Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. s^r. 2, XVI. 101 (1841), includ.
sect. Tubo-avellana. — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 129 (1864).

This section includes all the other species now kno'mi. The shape and ap-
pearance of the involucres of the fruits of the different species are very variable,
but the segments or lobes are never spiny, although there is a group of species the
involucres of which are beset with bristly setose hairs. Spach described besides
sect. Acanthochlamys two other sections, but his Sect. Tubo-avellana cannot be
accepted as of the same taxonomic value as sect. Avellana. A. De Candolle has
already united these sections. He made two groups (§ 1 and § 2) under sect.
Avellana, separating the species with setose involucres from the others, but he
did not separate C. Colurna and its allies which, I believe, form a distinct sub-
section, while the other species may be united in another subsection. It needs
further investigation to decide if the setose species (C. rostrata Alton and its
allies) form a natural group of equal taxonomic value as C. Avellana Linnaeus and
its alUes or if they are connected with them by intermediate forms.

BETULACEAE. — CORYLUS 449

Subsect. 1. COLURNAE Schneider, n. subsect. (descriptio in clavi).
The Tree Hazels form, I beUeve, a natural group on account of their habit of
growth and the characters of the bark of the branchlets. They may be divided
into two groups by the color of the anthers. It is a rather strange fact
that the anthers of C. Colurna Linnaeus are without any hairs, which are always
present in all the other species of the genus of which I have seen the male flowers.

3. Corylus Colurna Linnaeus, Spec. 999 (1703), exclud. synon. pro parte. —
Watson, Dendrol. Brit. IL 99, t. 99 (1825). — Hartig, Vollst. Nalurg. Forstl.
Culturpfl. 22S, t. 17 (18-1(>-51), exclud. var. b. — Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2,
XVI. 101 (1841). — Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. XIL 6, t. 638 (1850). — A. De
Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 131 (1864), exclud. var. /3 et y. — Hempcl & Wilhehn,
Baume & Slrdticher, II. 29, fig. 135 (1894). — Schneider, Dendrol. Winterst. 171, fig.
164 o-r (1903); III. Handb. Lauhholzk. I. 144, fig. 82 a-f, h, 83 a, 84 o-r (1904).—
Winkler in Engler, Pflmizenr. IV.-61, 50, fig. 14 G (1904), exclud. var. /Set y.—
Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. III. 521 (1008) exclud. var. 2 and 3. —
Ascherson & Graebner,Si/n. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 383 (1910), exclud. plantis Ilimalaica
et Chinensi. — Hickel in Bidl. Soc. Dendr. France, 1912, 107, fig. e-e'" (1912).

EUROPE : from Bosnia and southern Hungary southward through southeastern
Europe.

WESTERN ASIA. Asia Minor to Transcaspia.

This species is often reported from the northwestern Himalaya, but the Tree
Hazel of this region is C. Jacquemontii. I mention C. Colurna here to indicate the
differences between it and the Himalayan and Chinese species hitherto usually
considered varieties of the European and west Asiatic species. See my remarks
under the section and in the key. The filaments of the anthers are united mostly
at the base and are very short, the thecae being elliptic-oblong; the bracts are dis-
tinctly acuminate at the apex, covered with a dense fine pubescence and more or less
glandular.

4. Corylus Jacquemontii Decaisne in Jacquemont, Voyage, IV. Bot., 160, t. 160
(1844).— Bean in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1913, 163, t. (1913); Trees & Shrubs
Brit. Isl. 1. 452 (1914).

Corylus lacera Wallich, Cat. No. 2798 (nomen nudum) (1829).

Corylus Colurna, var. lacera A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 131 (1864). —

Stewart, Punjab PI. 201 (1809). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Bnt.

& Irel. III. 521 (1908).
Corylus Colurna, var. Jacquemontii A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 131

(18G4).
Corylus Colurna Brandig, For. Fl. Brit. Ind. 494 (pro parte, non Linnaeus)

(1874); Ind. Trees, 624 (pro parte) (1906).— Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V.

625 (pro parte) (1888). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 476 (pro parte) (1902). — Gamble,

Man. Ind. Timb. 684 (pro parte) (1902).

INDIA. Northwestern Himalaya: "reg. temp., alt. 7000 ped.," T. Thomson
(flowers and young fruits); "a Vernaguead jugum Banhatte," alt.2952m.,July, F.
Jacquemont (type, ex Decaisne); Kumaon, Dwali, alt. 2600 m., Strachcij cO Winter-
bottom (leafy branchlets with flowers); without preci.'ic locality, R. BHnckworth
(Wallich Cat. No. 2798, type of C. lacera). United Provinces: Dchra Dun,
Chakrata, alt. 2300 m., May 11, 1912, Sulakhan Sing (with young fruits).

According to the characters given in the key, this species is distinct from both
the foregoing and the following species. The thecae of the anthers seem to be more
round-elliptical. The length of the petioles and the pubescence of the leaves seem

450 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

variable, and much more material is needed before it is possible to fix the limits of
these variations including the shape of the lobes, and the pubescence and glands of
the involucres. The geographical area occupied by C. Jacquernontii seems to be
confined to the western Himalaya, while C. ferox Wallich does not occur in Kash-
mir but extends to Sikkim. In China C. tibetica Eatalin and C. chinensis Franchet
occur within almost the same geographical region.

5. Corylus chinensis Franchet. See p. 444.

6. Corylus heterophylla Fischer in Schtschagl. Am. Entdeck. Phys. Chem. &
Technol. VIII. 3 (1831), fide K. Koch. — Besser in Flora, XVII. Beibl. I. 24 (no-
men nudum) (1834). — Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XL 101 (nomen
nudum) (1838), XXVII. 407 (1854); Fl. Baical.-Dahur. II. 134 (1856). — Traut-
vetter, PI. Imag. Descr. 10, t. 4 (1844). — Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 309
(1850.) — Maack & Ruprecht in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 372 (1857);
in Mel. Biol. II. 553 (1858). — Maximowicz in Mhn. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St.
Petersbourg, IX. 241 {Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859); in Mel. Biol. XI. 317 (1881); in
Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXVII. 537 (1882). — Regel in Mem. Acad. Sci.
St. Petersbourg, ser. 7, IV. 127 {Tent. Fl. Ussur.) (1861). — Miquel in Ann. Mus.
Lugd.-Bat. I. 121 (1863-4). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 130 (1864), exclud.
var. y. — K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 2, 12 (1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI.
Jap. I. 452 (1875), exclud. var. y. — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2,
VII. 88 {PI. David. I. 278) (1884). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 362 (1891). —
Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 129 (1892), exclud. synon. pro parte. — Korshinsky
in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 387 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 117 (1893).—
Shirasawa in Bull. Agric. Coll. Tokyo, II. t. 12, fig. 12-13 {Jap. Laubh. Winter, t.
8, fig. 12-13) (1895); Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 40, t. 20, fig. 1-12 (1900). — Burkill
in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 504 (1899). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII.
65 {Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 145, fig. 83 p-q,
85 a-d (1904). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 48, fig. 14 B (1904).—
Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 206 {Fl. Kor. II.) (1911); in Tokyo Bot.
Mag. XXIX. 35 (1915). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. I si. 1. 402 (1914).

Corylus Avellana Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 160 (non Linnaeus) (1784). — Pallas, Fl.

Ross. II. 22 (1815), quoad plantam davur., fide Ledebour. — Spach in Ann.

Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XVI. 104 (pro parte) (1841).
? Corylus mongolica Burchardt in Verh. Ver. Bef. Gartenb. Preuss. IX. 108

(1833), descript. incompleta.
Corylus tetraphylla Ledebour in Denkschr. Bot. Ges. Regensb. III. pt. 2, 58

(sphalm.) (1841).
Corylus Hasibami Siebold in Jaarb. Kon. Needcrl. Maatsch. Tuinb. 1844, 27

{Kruidk. Naaml.) (nomen nudum) (1844).
Corylus Avellana, var. davurica Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. II. 588 (1849).
Corylus heterophylla, var. Thunbergii Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 310

(1850). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 194 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap.

358 (1867).

CHINA. Chili : near San-tun-ying, on rocky hillslopes, June 2, 1913, F. N.
Meyer (No. 989; sterile); Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 92; sterile); Hsiao
Wu-tai-shan, alt. 1600-2200 m., August 19, 1913, F. N. Meyer (with ripe fruits).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: "ad ripam dextxam fl. Argun
contra pagum Olocza," A'^. Turczaninoiv (type, ex Trautvetter et Turczaninow).
Amur and Ussuri prov.: Amur River, 1855, R. Maack (with young fruits);
same region, C. Maximowicz (with ripe fruits); same region, June 18, July 5, 1891,
S. Korshinsky (with flowers and fruits); Ussuri River, 1860, C. Maximowicz

BETULACEAE. — CORYLUS 451

(flowers); same region, R. Maack (with ripe fn its). Korea: Fusan, temple
gardens, September 6, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile).

JAPAN. Hondo : prov. Kozuke, Mt. Asama, July 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5802;
with young fruits); prov. Shinano, Mt. Izuma, March 26, 1905, September 12,
1910 (ex Herb. Sakurai); prov. Suruga, district Tokyo, March 21, 1904 (and fall)
(flowers and old leaves, ex Herb. Sakurai). Kyushu: prov. Hizen, Nagasaki,
1862, R. Oldham (No. 746; sterile); without precise locahty, P. von Siebold (ex
Herb. Zuccarini sub nom. C . retusa; sterile); without locality and collector (ex
Herb. Lugd.-Bat. sub nom. var. Thunbergii; with flowers and young fruits).

These specimens represent the typical form, which as far as I can judge from the
specimens and from Shirasawa's colored plate has yellow anthers and rather thin
leaves which are alwaj^s slightly pubescent on the rib and nerves of the under sur-
face, and never quite glabrous above. The shape is mostly rcctangular-obovate
with a more or less cordate base and a truncate and even emarginate apex bearing
a narrow acuminate middle lobe. In the Japanese specimens the leaves seem to be
a little more rounded at the apex, and further investigations are needed to show if
there are any other differences between the Siberian and northern Chinese forms
and those from Japan or not. I have not seen a Japanese specimen with such
ovate-cordate leaves as appear in Shirasawa's plate.

In central China this species seems to be very variable, and there are probably
two varieties of which the one from the west may prove a distinct species on account
of its reddish anthers and other characters. As I point out on p. 446, the north-
western forms seem to have yellowish anthers like the typical form. The variety
from Yunnan apparently has dark anthers and is most nearly related to the forms
from Hupeh. For further remarks, see these varieties.

Corylus heterophylla, var. sutchuenensis Franchet. See p. 445.

Corylus heterophylla, var. jrunnanensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XHI. 198
(1899). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 504 (1899). — Winkler in Engler,
P/Zan2cwr. IV.-61, 48 (1904). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. VI. 896 (1912).

CHINA. Yunnan : " in sylvis prope collum Hee-chan-men, alt. 3000 m.," J.
Delnvay (type, ex Franchet) ; "in monte Tsang-chan," J. Delavay (No. 555, co-type,
ex Franchet); " Mengtsze, on way up to Mt. Benvonu," alt. 2000 m., September
13, A. Henry (No. 9682; shrub 0.6-0.3 m. tall; with ripe fruits); Mile district,
alt. 1800 m., November 1, A. Henry (No. 9894; shrub, 1.8 m. tall; old leaves and
catkins).

I have not seen the tjqae, but Henry's specimens agree well with Franchet's
description. This variety is distinguished from the others by its leaves being thickly
tomentose-hirsute on the whole under surface, by its more tomentose and glandular
branchlets and petioles which are short and thick, and by its more distinctly velu-
tinous nuts, but there are more or less intermediate forms apparently connecting
this southern variety with that of central China. The color of the anthers seems to
be red.

7. Corylus hallaisanensis Nakai in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 250 (1914);
in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 36 (19 J5).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert, Hallai-san, forests, August
1909, Taquel (No. 3239; sterile); same locality, October 1909, Tagtiet (No. 3238;
sterile); same locality, September 1903, raqmt (No. 333, tyjie ex Nakai).

Taquet's specimens of 1909 are from the type locality and agree with Nakai's
description, but unfortunately I have not seen the fruits which are described by
Nakai (1914) as follows: " Perigonium fructifenim hinsutum compacte clausum
ovatum apice mucronatum lobulatum, cum mucrone 3 mm. longo 18 mm. longum

452 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

10 mm. latum sericeum. Carpella ovata adpressissime ciliata 13 mm. longa 8 mm.
lata," while in 1915 the description is as follows: " Bracteae fructiferae ovatae, apice
acuminato-paucilobis, pilosae. Nux ovata, cuspidata 1.3 cm. longa." The leaves
resemble those of C. Sieholdiana Blume and especially those of var. mitis Maximo-
wicz which i ^ also credited by Nakai to southern Korea. Further investigations are
needed in order to decide if C. hallaisanensis is closely related to C. heterophylla
Fischer or is connected with the C. Sieholdiana group, the setose bristles of which
are sometimes wanting.

8. Corylus Sieholdiana Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 310 (sphalm. C. Sibol-
diana) (1850). — Schneider, III. Handb. Lavbholzk. I. 150, fig. 83 n (pro parte)
(1904). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 403 (1914).

Corylus heterophylla, var. Sieholdiana A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 130

(1864).
Corylus rostrata Maximowicz in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 7, X. no.

11, 10 in adnot. (Rhamn. As.-Or.) (non Alton) (1866). — Franchet & Sava-

tier, Enum. PI Jap. I. 4.52 (1875).
Corylus rostrata, var. Sieholdiana Maximowicz in Mel. Biol. XI. 319 (1881) ; in

Bidl. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXVII. 538 (1882). — Herder in Act.

Hort. Petrop. XI. 363 (1890). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 52,

fig. 16 B (1904).
Corylus heterophylla Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 129 (non Fischer) (1892),

quoad syn. "C. Sieholdiana."

JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Mt. Moiwa, thickets and woods, com-
mon, July 30, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7311; bush 1.5-3 m. tall; with almost ripe
fruits). Hondo: prov. Suruga, Fuji-san, July 31, 1891, K. Waianabe (with un-
ripe fruits); prov. Kai, Mt. Minobu, April 2, 1905 (ex Herb. Sakurai; flowers;
the leaves of August 14, 1905, of the same specimen belong to C. heterophylla Fischer) ;
prov. Kozuke, around Karuizawa, tliickets, common, August 31, 1914, E. H.
Wilson (No. 7426; bush 1.2-2.4 m. tall; with ripe fruits); prov. Shinano, on
Tsubakura-dake, woodlands, common, alt. 950-1600 m., September 15, 1914, E.
H. Wilson (No. 7460; bu.sh 0.9-1.8 m. tall; with ripe fruits); Mt. Togakushi,
July 10, 1884 (ex Herb. Sci. Coll. Imp. Japan; with unripe fruits); on Jesoga-dake
(Jisoga-dake ?), July 1903, U. Faurie (No. 6649; with unripe fruits) ; prov. Shimot-
suke, Nikko, April 1, 1904, A^. Mochizuki (with male and female flowers); same
locality, August 8, 1905, J. G. Jack (with unripe fruits) ; same locality, P. von
Siehold (type ex Blume); Lake Chuzenji, August 12, 1905, J. G. Jack (with ripe
fruits); same locality, September 6, 1892, C. S. Sargent (shrub 1.8 m. tall; with
ripe fruits); prov. Uzen, Adzuma-yama, common in thickets, alt. 750-1300 m.,
July 19, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7215; bush 6 m. tall, with young fruits); prov.
Ugo, Chokai-san, September 14, 1892, J. H. Veitch (with old leaves and catkins);
prov. Mutsu, Aomori, forests, May 6, 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6816; flowering
branchlets); Iwagisan (? Iwaki Mt.), August 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6648; with
ripe fruits).

These specimens represent the tjrpical form which seems to be most frequent in
central and northern Hondo, but according to Wilson's No. 7311 occurs also in
Hokkaido, at least in a somewhat intermediate form. It is characterized by its
obovate, obovate-oblong, elliptic or oval leaves which have a rounded or very
slightly cordate base and are mostly more or less gradually pointed at the apex;
their serration is rather acute, and they are not or only slightly lobed, while in the
var. mandshurica the leaves usually are more orbicular-obovate or almost rectan-
gular-elUptic, being often deeply cordate at the base and more truncate at the

BETULACEAE. — CORYLUS 453

apex; their serration is coarser and they are mostly distinctly lobed above the
middle, the pointed apex being somewhat shorter and broader. The involucre of the
fruits of the typical C. Sieboldiana is contracted above the nut in a narrower tube
which is 1 3^-2 times as long as the nut, while in var. mandshurica this tube is less
contracted and mostly twice as wide. There is no distinct difference in the setose
pubescence of these varieties, but usually the bristles seem to be not so straight and
often less numerous in the southern form than in that of northern Japan and
Mandshuria. The typical C. Sieboldiana is said by Nakai to occur in southern Korea
(Chiri-san). From this region he also mentions the following variety which seems
to differ only by its smooth involucres being without bristles or with only a few
setose hairs.

Corylus Sieboldiana, var. mitis Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 37 (1915).

Corylus rostrata, var. mitis Maximowicz in Mel. Biol. XI. 320 (1881); in Bull.
Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXVII. 539 (1882). — Herder in Act. Hort.
Petrop. XI. 363 (1890). — Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. IV.-61, 52 (1904).

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Suruga, Fuji-san, 1864, Tschonoski (type with ripe
fruits and flowers).

The fruits are rather small with a very narrow tube and a yellowish brownish
gray soft fine pubescence mixed with a few setose hairs. Otherwise there is scarcely
a real difference between this variety and the typical C. Sieboldiana. The leaves
of var. mitis also much resemble those of C. hallaisanensis Nakai (see above),
which may turn out to be nearly related to this form, which is said by Nakai
to occur also on the Chiri-san in southern Korea. The anthers of var. mitis are red-
dish as in the typical species and in var. mandshurica, but they are yellowish in the
American C. rostrata Alton and C. californica Rose (C. rostrata, var. californica
A. De Candolle).

There are specimens of northern Hondo and Hokkaido which represent an-
other variety which may be described as follows:

Corylus Sieboldiana, var. brevirostris Schneider, n. var.

Frutex 1.5-1.8 m. altus; ramuli novelli ut videtur satis dense hirtello-villosi et
glanduloso-hirti, autumno plus minusve glabrescentes, flavo-brunnei, lenticellis
albido-flavis conspersi, vetustiores cinereo-brunnescentes, paulo rimosuli, glabri;
gemmae ut videtur ovato-ellipticae, obtusae, perulis purpurasccntibus dorso fere
glabris margine dense villosulis cinctae. Folia crasse papyracea, late obovata v.
elliptica, basi cordata, paulo v. vix inaequilateralia, apice obtusa v. fere subrotunda
in acumen brevem satis subito producta, margine inaequaliter dentato-serrata,
baud lobulata, supra laevia, intense viridia, tantum costa nervisque imprcssis paulo
puberula, subtus pallide viridia, costa nervisque lateralibus 7-9 elcvatis sparse
sericea, interdum paulo glandulosa facie glabra, venulis tantum pro parte promi-
nulis, 5-7.5 cm. longa et (3-)3.5-6 cm. lata; petioli 0.5-1.5 cm. longi, sparse sericei
et interdum glanduloso-hirti; stipulae oblongae, obtusae, integrae, extus' paulo
sericeae, margine villosulae, ad 8 mm. longae. Amenta florifera ignota; fructifera
pedunculis hirtello-villosis et plerisque glanduloso-hirtis 1-1.5 cm. longis suffulta.
Fructus 2-4 aggregati, 2-3 cm. longi; involucra apice nuci.s subito valdc contracta
in tubum nuce subaequilongum apice inciso lobatum jiroducta, ut in var. mand-
shurica griseo- velutina et praesertim circum nucem albido- v. fusco-setosa; nuces
(an satis maturae ?) ovato-rotundae, apice acutiusculae, minutissime puberulae
circiter 12 mm. longae et fere aequilatae.

JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Shiribeshi-san, thickets, abundant, up
to alt. 700 m., July 27, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7268, t>T»e; fruits apparently
not yet fully ripe); Hakodate, 1861, C. Maximowicz (a very similar fruiting

454 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

branchlet). Northern Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Mt. Hakkoda, August 1904,
U. Faiirie (No. 5803; fruits partly ripe).

The leaves of this variety are more cordate at the base than those of the typical
C. Sieboldiana, and their serration is not at all lobed as in the type. The tube of the
fruiting involucres is shorter than in the other variety, but in Faurie's No. 5803
it is somewhat intermediate between that of our new variety and of the following
variety resembling the fruit of C. Sieboldiana figured in my III. Handb. Laubholzk.
1. 150, fig. 87 h (1904).

Corylus Sieboldiana, var. mandshurica Schneider, n. comb.

Corylus mandshurica Maximowicz & Ruprecht in Bidl. Acad. Set. St. Peters-
bourg, XV. 137 (1856); in Mel. Biol. II. 431 (1857). — Maack & Ruprecht,
in Bull. 1. c. 373 (1857) ; in Mel. Biol. II. 553 (1858). — Maximowicz in Mem.
Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 241 {Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859).—
Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 363 (1890). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk.
II. 135 (mandschurica) (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 120 {mandschu-
rica) (1893). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 505 (1899). — Komarov
in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 63 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 150, fig. 83 1-m, 87 d-f (mandschurica) (1904). — Nakai
in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 206 (Fl. Kor. II) (1911); in Tokjjo Bot.
Mag. XXIX. 36 (1915). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. I si. I. 402 (1914). —
Skan in Bot. Mag. CXLI. t. 8628 (1915).

Corylus rostrata, var. mandshurica Regel in Bidl. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,

XV. 221 (1857); in Mel. Biol. II. 488 (1857); in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
bourg, ser. 7, IV. 129 (Tent. Fl. Ussur.) (1861). — A. De Candolle, Prodr.

XVI. pt. 2, 133 (1864). — Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 87 (1872); in
Jour. Bot. XIII. 137 (1875). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 452
(1875). — Maximowicz in Mel. Biol. XI. 319 (1881); in Bull. Acad. Sci.
St. Petersbourg, XXVII. 539 (1882). —Franchet in Nouv. Mem. Mus. Paris,
ser. 2, VII. 88 {PI. David. I. 278) (1884). — Korsliinsky in Act. Hort.
Petrop. XII. 388 (1892). — Palibin, Act. Hort. Petrop. XIV. 139 (1895). —
Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 52, fig. 14 E (var. mandschurica) (1904).

Corylus Sieboldiana Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 150 (1904), quoad
fig. 83 o.

CHINA. Northwestern Szech'uan: mountains, alt. 2.500 m., August
1904, E. H. Wilson (Veitch Exped. No. 4509; large bush, 4-6.5 m. tall, with ripe
comparatively small fruits). Eastern Szech'uan: Tchen-keou-tin, P. Farges
(ex Burkill). Chili: Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, alt. 1600-2700 m., August 18, 1913,
F. N. Meyer (No. 1227; with ripe fruits).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: Shenking, Tsien-shan mountains,
June 8, 1906, F. A'^. ilfe?/er (No. 68; sterile). Amur and Ussuri: "coast of Man-
churia Lat. 44-45 N." 1859, C. Wilford (with ripe fruits); Amur River, C. Maxi-
mowicz (co-type of C. mandshxiria; with ripe fruits and also with flowers);
same locality, 1855, R. Maack (with ripe fruits) ; near Vladivostok, August 18, 1903,
C. S. Sargent (with ripe fruits); Khabarovska, August 23, 1903, C. S. Sargeiit (with
ripe fruits). Korea: Hoang-hai-to mountains, August 1906, U. Faurie (No,
207 ; fruits not yet ripe) .

JAPAN. Hokkaido : prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, May (and?) 1878, 7. Watase (with
flowers and also with unripe fruits); same locality, September 1885, K. Miyabe
(with old leaves and male catkins) ; same locality, July 1, and September 31, 1903,
S. Arimoto (with young and ripe fruits).

As I stated above, the typical forrn seems to be connected in Hokkaido by

BETULACEAE. BETULA 455

forms like Wilson's No. 7311 with var. mandshurica which otherwise has a different
geographical range, and in the extreme forms both varieties look very distinct.

BETULA L.

Betula luminifera Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 91, fig.
23 a-c (1904). — Schneider, ///. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 882, fig. 552 d,
553 g-h (1912).

Betula acuminata Franchet in Jotir. de Bot. Xlll. 207 (1899), quoad specim.

Fargesii.
Betula acuminata, var. pyrifolia Franchet, 1. c. (1899).
Betula alnoides Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 497 (non Hamilton) (1899),

quoad specim. Fargesii. — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 281 (1900).
Betula alnoides, var. pyrifolia Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 497 (1899),

exclud. specim. Delavayi. — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 281 (1900), exclud.

specim. Delavayi. — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 256 (1914).
Betida cylindrostachys Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 281 (1900).
Betula cylindrostachys, var. resinosa Diels, 1. c. 282.
Betula Wilsoniayia Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 882, fig. 552 a, 553 a-b

(1912).
Betula hupehensis Schneider, 1. c. 882, fig. 552 b, 553 c-d (1912).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 700-1700 m., June 12,
1907 (No. 17; tree 8-17 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.9 m., bark dark, smooth;
fruits); same locality, alt. 1000-1300 m., woods, May 1907 (No. 85'';
tree 10-17 m. tall, girth 0.3-1.5 m.; flowers; No. Ss''; sterile); same
locality, alt. 1000-1700 m., woods, July 1907 (No. 94; tree 7-13 m. tall,
girth 0.6-1.5 m., bark dull orange red, fruits); same locality, wood-
lands, alt. 900m., May 16, 1907 (No. 3371^; tree 10 m. tall, girth 0.6 m.;
flowers and bark); Fang Hsien, alt. 1000-2000 m., woodlands, com-
mon, May 26, 1907 (No. 3369; tree 13-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-2.1 m.;
fruits); same locality, alt. 700-2300 m., woodlands, abundant. May 15,
1907 (No. 3370; tree 7-17 m. tall, gu-th 0.6-1.8 m.; flowers; No.
3370=*; sterile); same locality, April 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 841*;
flowers); same locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1889''; flowers;
same locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2800, type of B. hupe-
hensis); Patung Hsien, alt. 1000-1700 m., woods and thickets, July
1909 (No. 85; tree 10-17 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.9 m.; fruits); same
locality, woods, May 1907 (No. 94''; tree 7-13 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.5
m.; young fruits); north and south of Ichang, alt. 700-1500 m.,
woodlands abundant, November 1907 (No. 162; tree 7-20 m. tall,
girth 0.6-2.1 m.; fruits); same locaUty, April 1907 (No. 162*; small
thin tree, 3-13 m. tall, girth 0.3-1.5 m.; flowers); same locality, April

456 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

and July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 48, type of B. Wilsoniana;
flowers and fruits); same locality, April and July 1900 (Veitch Exped.
No. 48"*; flowers and fruits); north of Ichang, alt. 700-1700 m.^
woodlands abundant, June 1907 (No. 3371; tree 5-20 m. tall, girth
0.3-1.5 m.; fruits); same locality, May 6, 1907 (No. 3371^; flowers;
same locality. May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 841; flowers); Chienshih,
A. Henry (No. 7402; sterile). Eastern Szech'uan : Wushan Hsien,,
A. Henry (No. 5667; fruits); " Heoupin prope Tchen-keoii," alt.
1400 m,, P. Farges (No. 1010; type of var. pyrifoUa, ex Franchet) ;
same locality, P. Farges (without No.; type of B. tuminifera, ex
Winkler). Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, alt. 1300-2000 m.,
woods, June 1908 (No. 816 and 3368; tree 10-17 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.8
m.; fruit); Mupin, alt. 1700-2000 m., woods, July 1908 (No. 915 and
3367; tree 5-13 m. tall, girth 0.45-1.5 m.; fruits); Yung4iing Hsien„
ascent of Ta-hsiang-ling, alt. 1000-1300 m.; June 1907 (No. 3364; thin
tree, 3-8 m. tall; fruits); east of Mao-chou, alt. 1300-2300 m., thickets,
May 23, 1908 (No. 3366; tree 7-13 m. taU, girth 0,6-1.8 m.; young
fruits); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5792; tree 8 m.
tall; fruits); same locality, 1200 m., E. Faber (No. 212; fruits);
Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1533 ?, No. 1534; type of var.
resinosa, ex Dieb).

This species is a rather variable one. As long as we compare only the types of
the different forms mentioned above they may appear distinct species or well char-
acterized varieties. But with a careful study of all the specimens before me 1 find
it impossible to limit even good varieties. The shape of the leaves and bracts, the
pubescence of the different parts and the length of the fruiting catkins are extremely
variable. The tj^pe of B. luminifera Winkler has broad-ovate and often slightly
cordate leaves and does not have the same kind of tomentose pubescence or the
very long catkins which 1 considered the principal characters of B. Wilsoniana
Schneider. On the other hand, B. hupehensis Sclmeider represents a more glabrous
form with short catkins. But the length of the catkins is the same in forms which
differ in pubescence and in tlie shape of the leaves. The glands of the under surface
of the leaves do not afford any sufficient character to distinguish forms. Geograph-
ically the species seems to be well separated from B. alnoides Hamilton, which is a
much more subtropical species and may be easily distinguished by the fruiting cat-
kins being more than one and by the shape, texture and serration of the leaves.

This is the low-level Birch of western Hupeh and of Szech'uan. In Hupeh and
eastern Szech'uan it grows between 500 and 2000 m. of altitude and in western Sze-
ch'uan between 1000 and 2500 m. Though very abundant it does not form pure
woods, but is always associated with other trees. It rarely exceeds 20 m. in height,
has rather slender branches and a trunk from 1 to 2.5 m. in girth. The bark is firm
and smooth and dark-colored on young trees, becoming dull yellowish gray or even
dull reddish brown on old trees. It does not exfoliate.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 163, 517, 556, 565 of the collection
of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 135, 136, 137,
138. E. H. W.

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 457

Betula utilis D. Don, var. Prattii Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI.
499 (1899). — Winkler in Englcr, Pjlanzcnr. IV.-61, 61 (1904).—
Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. IV. 981 (1909).

Western Szech'uan: west of Tachien-lu, Cheto-shan, alt. 3000-
4000 m., September 1908 (No. 976; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-3 m.,
bark dull orange; ripe fruits); same locality, alt. 3300 m., July 24,
1908 (No. 976=^; tree 20 m. tall, girth 2.4 m.; unripe fruit and bark);
same locality, alt. 3300-4000 m., September 1910 (No. 4089; tree
10-20 m. tall, girth 1.2-2.4 m.; fruits); southeast of Tachien-lu, alt.
3000-3600 m., woodlands, September 1908 (No. 990; tree 10-17 m.
tall, girth 1.8-2.4 m., bark gray; fruits); same locality, alt. 2600-
3300 m., forests, October 1910 (No. 4087; tree 7-26 m. tall, girth
0.6-3 m., bark dull orange red; fruits and bark); summit of Wa-shan,
alt. 3600 m., September and October 1908 (No. 1138; tree 10-13 m.
tall, girth 1.5-2.1 m.; fruits and sterile); west of Kuan Hsicn, wood-
lands Pan-lan-shan, alt. 3000-3300 m., September 1910 (No. 4035;
tree 10-20 ni. tall, girth 1.2-2.7 m.; fruits); without exact locality,
forests, alt. 3300-4000 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4492; tree
7 m. tall; flowers); alt. 3300-4000 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No.
4492^; tree 5-13 m. tall; fruits); forests, alt. 2300-3200 m., September
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4495; tree 7-20 m. tall; fruits); woods,
2000 m.. May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4496; tree 8 m. tall; old fruits) ;
forests, 2300-3300 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4530; tree 10-13
m. tall; flowers); near Tachien-lu, 13500 feet, A. E. Pratt (No. 236;
co-t>T)e of var. Prattii; fruits).

This variety resembles much more the typical B. utilis Don than the follow-ing
species, which was referred to B. utilis by Burkill. There are young plants in the
Arnold Arboretum raised from seed of Wilson's No. 4035, 40S7 and 40S9. These
plants are very much like those of Wilson's No. 900 and 4106 and Purdom's No.
400 placed under B. albo-sinensis Burkill. We know, however, too little of the
behavior of the young plants to draw any conclusions from them.

This species is abundant in mixed forests on the high mountains of extreme
western S.?ech'uan between 2600 and 4000 m. altitude. It grows from 25 to 30 m.
tall v;ith a trunk from 2.5 to 3 m. in girth; the bark is rough and rather shaggy and
varies in color from orange-brown to orange-gray or even to pale gray on old trees
in much exposed situations. E. H. W.

Betula albo-sinensis Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 497 (1899). —
Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 282 (1900).

Betula utilis Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 499 (pro parte, non D. Don)
(1899). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 282 (1900). — Winkler in Engler,
Pjlanzenr. IV.-61, 61 (1904), quoad specim. Chincnsia.

Betula Bhojpattra, var. sinensis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIll. 207 (1899).

458 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Betula utilis, var. sinensis Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. 1V.-61, 62 (1904). —
Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. IV. 981 (1909).

Western Hupeh : Fang Hsien, alt. 1600-3000 m., woods, May 15,
1907 (No. 3363; tree 5-17 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.8 m., bark orange-red;
flowers and bark); same locality, alt. 2300-3300 m., uplands, June
23, 1910 (No. 4438; tree 13-23 m. tall, girth 0.9-3 m., bark bright
orange; fruits); same locality, mountains. May 1901 (Veitch Exped.
No. 1889; flowers; Seed No. 1157); April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No.
1890; flowers); same locality, A. Henry (No. 6798, 6798='; sterile);
Hsing-shan Hsien, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2123; fruits).
Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, alt. 2G00-
3600 m., October 1910 (No. 4106; tree 13-33 m. tall, girth 1.5-
3.6 m., bark orange; fruits and bark). Western Kansu: Tibetan
country, W. Purdom (fruits). Shensi: Tai-pei-shan, W. Purdom
(No. 400; bark).

The typical form of this species with glabrous and glandular branchlets occurs
in Hupeh as well as in the area of the following form, but is not yet recorded from
the same region as B. utilis var. Prattii Burkill.

This beautiful Birch is abundant on the high mountains of northwestern Hupeh
and northeastern Szech'uan, but is rare in western Szech'uan and as far as our knowl-
edge goes is confined to the northwest parts of the province. Usually it grows mixed
with other deciduous leaved trees, but occasionally it forms almost pure woods. It
is a tree from 20 to 26 m. tall with a trunk from 2 to 3.5 m. in girth. The bark is
bright orange to orange-red, peeling off in very thin sheets, each successive sheet
being covered with white glaucous bloom. Pictures of this tree will be found under
Nos. 702 and 0106 of the collection of my photographs and in my Vegetation of
Western China, No. 139. E. H. W.

Betula albo-sinensis, var. septentrionalis Schneider, n. var.

f Betula utilis Winkler apud Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI. Beibl. LXXXII. 33
(1905).

A typo differt ramuhs plus minusve distincte glandulosis, foliis
subtus costa nervisque saepe distinctius sericeis et in axillis barbatis.

Western Szech'uan: northeast of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan, alt.
3000-3600 m., July 4, 1908 (No. 900, type; tree 13-33 m. tall, girth
1.8-3 m., bark orange; fruits and bark); west of Romi-chango, alt.
2600 m., forests, July 5, 1908 (No. 900%- tree 20-27 m. tall, girth
2.1-3 m., bark orange; fruits). Western Kansu: Tow River
district, W. Purdom (No. 752; fruits). Shensi: " Tai-pa-shan,
Miao-wang-shan," G. Giraldi (ex Winkler).

This variety needs further observation. It has very deeply cleft bracts; the
middle lobe is long and rather narrow, while the lateral lobes are spreading-erect and
variable in shape. The catkins in both this variety and in the type are somewhat

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 459

more slender than in B. utilis var. Prattii Burkill. The size, shape and the wings
of the seeds are so variable in all these forms that it seems impossible to place any
dependence upon these characters.

This Birch is common in the mixed forests on the hifi;h mountains of extreme
western Szech'uan between altitudes of 3000 and 3800 m., where it is a tree often
33 m. tall, with thick branches and a trunk from 4 to 5 m. in girth. The bark is
orange-brown or orange to j-ellowish orange or orange-gray and exfoliates in thin
sheets more or less persistent on the trunk and main branches. The bark is singu-
larly beautiful and makes the tree conspicuous in the forest. Pictures of this Birch
will be found under Nos. 173, 174 of the collection of my photographs and also
in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 134. E. II. W.

Betula insignis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 206 (1899). — Burkill
in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 498 (1899). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX.
281 (1900). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 59, fig. 19 A-C
(1904).

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, mountains, June 1901
(Veitch Exped. No. 1130; unripe fruits); same locality, August 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 1130^; ripe fruits). Eastern Szech'uan: Tchen-
keou-tin, alt. 1400 m., P. Farges (No, 83, type, ex Franchet; fruits).
Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, 3000-3G00 m.,
woodlands, June 1908 (No. 1427; tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 1.2-2.4 m.;
fruits); west of Kuan Hsien, ascent of Pan-lan-shan, alt. 2300-3700
m., thickets, June 1908 (No. 3365; thin tree 8-9 m. tall; fruits).

1 have not seen the type of this species, but according to Franchet's description
and Winkler's figure it differs from Wilson's plants in its longer strobiles up to G cm.
long and 1.5 cm. thick, the strobiles of the form from Hupeh being about 3 cm.
long and 2-2.2 cm. thick. Those of No. 1427 from western Szech'uan are about
4 cm. long and 2.2 cm. thick, while in No. 3365 they are only 2-3 cm. long and 1.5
cm. thick. The last two numbers w^ere collected in June, and bear only the stroVJles
of the previous year. The lateral lobes of the bracts of No. 3365 are a little more
spreading than in the type and in the other numbers, and the serration of the leaves
is also a little different. Without more material it is difhcult to say whether these
numbers represent different varieties or not. The leaves of No. 1427 are up to
13.5 cm. long and 6.5 cm. broad. As a wliole B. insignis is a most distinct s]»ecies.

In 1912 I was inclined to refer a specimen of Wilson's (Veitch Exped. No. 2799)
from Hujieh to what I called B. chincnsis, var. Deluvayi. Mr. Wilson tells me this is
a tree from 6 to 8 m. tall, and I now think the specimen, which was poor and im])er-
fect, should be referred to B. insignis Franchet. Unfortunately the number is not
represented in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum.

In western Hupeh and in western Szech'uan this s])ecies is rare and I .«aw only a
few trees. It is a low tree with a bushj' head and smooth, firm dark bark. 1 suspect
that it has an aromatic bark like B. lenta Linnaeus, but 1 omitted to test it in the
field, and this character cannot be detected with certainty from dried material.

E. H. W.

Betula Potaninii Batalin in Act. Ilort. Petrop. XIII. 101 (1893). —
Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 498 (1899).

460 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Bdula Wilsonii Bean in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1914, 30 (1914); Trees &
Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 264 (1914).

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan (not Wushan), alt. 2100-2S00
m., June and October 1908 (No. 1140, type of B. Wilsonii; shrub
1.5-3 m. tall, hanging down over cliffs; flowers and old fruits);
same place, alt. 2800 m., July 1902 (Veitch Exped. No. 4490; shrub
2.4 m. tall; young fruits) ; Mupin, alt. 2300 m., October 1910 (No. 4299;
prostrate and hanging from cliffs; fruits); southeast of Sungpan Ting,
valley of Lungan River, 2800 m., August 1910 (No, 4299=*; prostrate
over cliffs; fruits); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, alt. 2000-
2800 m., October 1910 (No. 4299*^; prostrate and hanging down over
cliffs; fruits); "ad flum. Honton, infra pagum San shei," August 13,
1885, G. N. Potanin (type, ex Batalin).

The original description of this species has been overlooked by Bean, and
Winkler does not mention it. It is one of the best marked Birches with its very short
petioles and its many nerved leaves which, like the branchlets, are covered beneath
with a somewhat brownish silky pubescence. It is very nearly related to B. Dela-
vayi Franchet, from which it differs in the characters given in the key.

On the moist rocks and cliffs of the forest-covered higher mountains of western
Szech'uan this interesting Birch is com.mon. Usually all its slender whiplike
branches hang down over cliffs and boulders, but often it is a shrub from 1 to .3 m.
high with decumbent and prostrate branches. E. H. W.

Betula Delavayi Franchet in Jour, de Bat. XIII. 205 (1899).—
Burkill in Joiir. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 498 (1899). — Winkler in Engler,
Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 67, fig. 19 m (1904).

Betula chinensis, var. Delavayi Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 884 (pro
parte) (1912).

Western Szechu'an: Mupin, alt. 2400-2900 m., side of streams,
October 1910 (No. 4382; small tree, 8-10 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.2 m.;
fruits); Tachien-lu, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4493; shrub 3 m.
tall; flowers and remains of old strobiles); without exact locality,
forests, alt. 3600 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4491; shrub, 1.8
m. tall; flowers and old strobiles). Western Kansu: south of
Min-chou, Lotani, alt. 1900 m., W. Purdom (No. 812; 1.5-3 m.).
Yunnan: "in silvis ad Koutui supra Mo-so-yn," alt. 2800 m.,
J. Delavay (No. 3725; ex Franchet et Burkill).

I have not seen the tjT^e of this species, but I have little doubt that the speci-
mens mentioned above belong to B. Delavayi Franchet, whicn is an upright shrub
or small tree, and seem^s somewhat intermediate in character between B. Potaninii
Batalin and B. chinensis Maximowicz, being probably most nearly related to the
former.

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 461

Betula japonica Siebold, var. mandshurica Winkler in Engler, PJlan-
zenr. IV.-Gl. 78 (var. mandschurica) (1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll.
Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 202 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911).

Betula alba, subspec. mandshxirica Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII.

pt. 2, 399, tab. 7, fig. 15 (1865); in De Candolle. Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 165

(1868).
Betula alba, var. vulgaris Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIll. 206 (1899). — Burkill

in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 497 (1899).
Betula mandshurica Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 42 (pro parte) (1915).

Western Szech'uan: west of Tachien-lu, Cheto-shan, alt. 2800-
3400 m., woodlands, September 1908 (No. 983; tree 10-20 m. tall,
girth 1.2-2.4 m., bark white; fruits); same locality, alt. 2800-3700
m., September 1910 (No. 4088; tree 10-25 m. tall, girth 1.5-2.4 m.;
bark gray); northeast of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan, alt. 2800-3400 m.,
July 9, 1908 (No. 983^; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1.2-2.4 m., bark white;
3'-oung fruits); near Monkong Ting, alt. 2800-3400 m,, woodlands,
June 1908 (No. 983 ''; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1.2-2.4 m., bark white;
unripe fruits); around Sungpan, alt. 2800-3700 m., woods, August
1910 (No. 4636; tree 7-13 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.8 m., bark white; sterile) ;
around Tachien-lu, P. Soulie (No. 566, fide Franchet) ; without precise
locality, forests, altitude 2300 m., August 1903 (Veitch .Exped. No.
4494; tree 10 m. tall, bark white; fruits).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Ussuri: Olga Bay, Fr. Schmidt (type, ex Regel).
Korea: "Kyong-san, in monte Chiri-san," summer 1905, Shiki (fide Nakai).

This Chinese "VMiite Birch seems geographically well separated from the other
forms of B. japonica Siebold, and I am not quite sure whether it is the same as
Regel's fonn. The only real difference I can detect are the very glabrous leaves,
which Regel gives as a character for his subspecies.

From the European and western Asiatic Betula pendula Roth {Betxda alba Lin-
naeus pro parte; Betula verrucosa Ehrhart), wnich also has quite glabrous leaves,
the Chinese form differs in the shape and especially in the short and regular denta-
tion of the leaves as well as in the shape of the fruiting bracts, which, however, ia
variable.

Oq the extreme west and northwest of Szech'uan at high elevations this is a com-
mon tree, but 1 only saw it scattered through mixed forests in which coniferous
trees predominated. However, I was told of vast forests of this Birch to the im-
mediate west and south of Sungpan Ting. The bark is used for lining straw hata
and is an article of much value locally; it is used in great qiinntity in the district of
Shuang-liu Hsien on the Chcngtu Plain. In general a]>])carance the Cliinose
White Birch resembles the North American B. papyrifcra Marshall, but the bark
is more persistent and not so white. Pictures of this tree will be found under
No. 178 of the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western
China, No. 133. E. H. W.

462 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

CONSPECTUS ANALYTICUS BETULARUM ASIAE ORIENTALIS
NEC NON HIMALAYAS.

Amenta fructifera ad 2-4 racemoso-conferta v. solitaria, pendula, longe et anguste
cylindrica; lobi laterales bractearum valde reducti v. in B. Maxim oivicziana
tant um distinctiores ; samararum alae latae, bracteas lateraliter superantes v.
nuculis fere triplo latiores. Folia multi(9-13)-costata.

Sect. I. ACUMINATAE

* Amenta fructifera ad 2-4 racemoso-conferta (rarius interdum abortu solitaria)

Lobi laterales bractearum distinct!, medio circiter dimidio breviores; sa-
mararum alae nuculo fere triplo latiores. Folia magna, late ovata, basi
profunde cordata; petioli 2.5-4 cm. longi . . . .1. B. Maximovicziana
Lobi laterales bractearum reducti. Folia ovato-oblonga v. basi baud cor
data; petioli 1.2-2(-2.2) cm. longi.
Ramuli hornotini petioliijue distincte flavo- v. griseo-tomentelli et etiam
pedunculi et saepissime costa paginae inferioris foliorum eodem tomento
obtecta. Folia late ovata v. ovato-oblonga, basi rotunda v. leviter
cordata, satis subito acuminata, dentibus plus minusve distantibus.

2. B. cylindrostachya.

Ramuli hornotini petiolique breviter pubescentes v. pleraque tantum

pilosi V. subglabri, saepe glanduliferi (pedunculi tantum saepe distinctius

tomentelli). Folia ovato-oblonga, sensim acuminata saepe caudata,

basi rotundato-truncata v. subacuta, dentibus plus minusve adpressis.

3. B. alnoides.
** Amenta fructifera solitaria; lobi laterales bractearum reducti.

Petioli 0.8-2.5 cm. longi. Amenta fructifera 3.5-11 cm. longa; bractearum
lobus medius elongatus lateralibus parvis v. minimis valde longior. Folia

pleraque plus quam 6 cm. longa 4. .B. luminifera.

Petioli 6-8 mm. longi. Amenta fructifera 3-4 cm. longa; bractearum lobus
medius satis brevis. Folia tantum 5-6 cm. longa . . . 5. B. Baeumkeri.

Amenta fructifera solitaria (rarissime bina) pendula, patentia v. erecta; lobi
laterales bractearum distincti ; samararum alae niicula vix latiores, saepe an-
gustissimae; bracteae samaras occultantes.

* Amenta fructifera erecta, pleraque subglobosa, ovata v. anguste elliptica (in

10. B. Schmidtii cylindrica); bractearum lobi laterales fere semper erectae
V. erecto-patentes medio distincte producto plus minusve breviores. Folia
nervis lateralibus supra plus minusve impressis (6-)7-14 instructa. (Confer

etiam 25. B. davuricam) Sect. 2. COSTATAE.

t Samararum alae satis distinctae, nucula circiter }/2, rarius ad ^ angustiores;
amenta fructifera ovato-cylindrica v. subc.ylindrica, 2-3-plo longiora
quam lata, pedunculo satis distincto et tenui suffulta (v. folia triangu-
laria versus basim latissima; vide 6. 5. Ermanii).

Subsect. a. Ermanianae.
Folia plus minusve triangularia v. ovato-triangularia, versus basim latis-
sima, basi truncata, plus minusve cordata v. rarius subrotunda.

6. B. Ermanii.

Folia ovata, ovato-oblonga v. ovato-rotunda, medio v. versus medium

(rarius supra medium) latissima, basi saepissime rotunda v. subacuta,

interdum cordata.

Nervi laterales foliorum majorum utrinque 6-9. . 7. B. Jacquemonlii.

Nervi laterales foliorum (9-) 10-14.

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 463

Ramuli floriferi fructiferique plus niinusve abundc glanthiliferi ct
villosuli. Folia satis crassa, costa nervisque subtus valrle proini-
nentibus satis sericea v. barbato-villosa, saepissiine in axillis dis-
tincte barbata, saepe etiam facie pilosa; petioli plus minusvc seri-
ceo-villosi. Amenta elliptica v. breviter cylindrica. . 8. B. ulilis.
Ramuli floriferi fructiferique glabri, baud v. in var. septenlrionali
distinctius glanduliferi. Folia tenuiora, laeviora, costa nervisque
subtus minus prominulis sparse sericea v. subglabra, intcrdum
tantum axillis barbulata; petioli glabri v. sparse sericei. Bracteae
sparsius v. vix margine glanduliferi et ciliati; amenta satis cylin-

(li-ica 9. B. albo-sinensis.

tt Samararum alae angustissimae, nucula 4-5-plo angustiores v. amenta fructi-
fera crasse ovato-elliptica lK-2-plo longiora quam lata, pedunculo
brevissimo crasso sufTulta v. folia baud triangularia et basim versus
latissima.
X Folia subtus discoloria, cinerascentia, obovata v. obovato-oblonga,
grosse aequaliter crenato-serrata. Amenta fructifera crasse cylindrica,
erecta (in speciminibus herbariorum quasi nutantia videntur) brac-
teae lobis angustis profunde trifidae. Subsect. c. Corylifoliae.

11. B. corylifolia.

tX Folia subtus plus minusve viridescentes, baud obovata, margine dentibus

minoribus angustioribusque serrata v. dentata.

11 Folia majora 6-14 cm. longa v. ovato-rotunda; petioli fere semper

plus quam 1 cm. longi v. strobili crassi subglobosi v. satis anguste

cylindrici. Arbores altae.

Amenta fructifera cylindrica, circiter 2-3 cm. longa et 0.8 cm. crassa,

pedunculo satis tenui suffulta. Folia brevissime inaequaliter den-

ticulata; petioli 8-10 cm. longi .... Subsect. b. Aspkrae.

10. B. Schmidiii.

Amenta fructifera crasse ovato-elliptica v. subglobosa, subscssilia v.

pedunculo brevi crasso suffulta. Foliorum dentes distincti, plus

minusve acuminati Subsect. d. Ghossae.

Samararum alae pleraeque distinctae, nucula }4-% angustiores,
interdum basim nuculae versus valde reductae; strobili
elliptici, l3''2-2-plo longiora quam lata v. lobus medius brac-
tearum lateralibus paulo longior.
Folia satis anguste ovata in apicem longum caudatum producta,
nervis lateralibus approximatis ad costam inter se circ. 3-4.5
mm. distantibus, basi pleraque rotunda. Lobus medius brac-
tearum fere semper distincte elongatus; alae samararum

saepissime satis evolutae 12- B.costata.

Folia plus minusve ovata v. late ovata, brevius acuminata v.
baud caudata, nervis lateralibus ad costam inter se circiter
5-6 mm. distantibus. Bractearum lobi tres inter se sub-
aequilongae v. lobus medius paulo longior; alae samararum
versus basim nuculae saepe valde angustatae (confer etiam

U.B.Fargesii) 13. B.grossa.

Samararum alae angustissimae; strobili subglobosi v. valde crassi
et magni, bracteanun lobus medius valde elongatu.s.
Folia late ovata v. ovato-rotunda, apicc vix acinninata, basi
lilus minusve late cuneata. Strobili subglobosi, ad 3 cm.
longi et 2.5 cm. crassi; bracteae utrinque glabrae, tantum laxe
ciliatae 16. .B. globispica.

464 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Folia ovata v. ovato-elliptica, saepissime plus minusve acumi-
nata, basi rotunda. Strobili crassi elliptici; bracteae superne

puberulae 15. B. insignis.

nil Folia etiam maxima vix 6 cm. longa; petioli 4-8 v. rarius 10 mm.

longi Subsect. e. Chin?:nses.

Folia ovato-oblonga v. ovato-elliptica, nervis lateralibus foliorum
majorum 10-22, inter se 2-3 mm. ad costam distantibus,
argute angusteque inaequaliter sen-ata; petioli vix plus quam
6 mm. longi (confer etiam 14. B. Fargesii).
Folia nervis lateralibus utrinque (11-) 14-22 subtus valde promi-
nentibus albo- et rufo-sericeis instructa facie subtus etiam plus
minusve villosa. Bracteae supra sericea et puberula, lobis late-
ralibus satis obtusis suberectis 17. i?. Potaninii.

Folia nervis lateralibus (9-) 10-13 subtus prominentibus et plus
minusve laxe albo-sericeis instructa, facie glabra. Bracteae
sericeo-ciliatae sed supra facie glabrae; lobis lateralibus acuti-

oribus patentioribusque 18. i?. Dclavayi.

Folia ovata v. ovato-rotundata, nervis lateralibus foliorum majorum
G-10, inter se circiter 5 mm. distantibus, subtus paulo prominen-
tibus, satis grosse subacute et subaequaliter dentata v. serrata;
petioli 6-12 mm. longi. Bractearum lobus mcdius satis elonga-
tus, lateralibus angustis 2-3-plo longior . . 19. B. chiiicnsis.
** Amenta fructifera cylindrica et pendula v. folia parva, utrinsecus tantum
nervis 2-6 (in 25. B. davurica rarius ad 8) supra baud incisis subtus
baud valde prominentibus.
t Amenta fructifera ovata v. elliptica, erecta suberectave (ut videtur tantum
in 22. B. Middendorffii suhcylmdnca et nutantia). Folia saepe parva,
rarius plus quam 4.5 cm. longa, paucicostata, nervis utrinque 2-6,
margine subaequaliter serrata, dentata subcrenatave; petioli tantum

l-6(-8)mm. longi. Frutices Sect. 3. HUMILES.

Ramuli plus minusve dense pilosi vel tomentosi, baud glanduliferi. Folia
saepissime tantum 0.4-1.2 cm. longa, saepe latiora quam longa, nervis
2-4 instructa, subcrenata. Strobili parvi sed satis crassi, erecti;
bractearum lobi satis breves, aequilongi, erecti; samararum alae

nucula 3-4-plo angustiores Subsect. a. Nanae.

20. B. nana.

Ramuli semper plus minusve glanduliferi. Folia saepissime plus quam

14 mm. longa et plus minusve distincte longiora quam lata v. sama-

rae alls satis distinctis instructa .... Subsect. b. Fruticosae.

Folia nervis plerisque 5-6 lateralibus utrinque instructa, apice x'lus

minusve acuta, margine breviter serrata. Bracteae fere semper ad

medium trilobatae, lobis lateralibus suberectis; samararum alae

nucula 3^ (-1/^) angustiores V. aequilatae .... 24. B.fruticosa.

Folia utrinsecus nervis 2-5(-6) apice plus minusve obtusa v. rotunda,

margine breviter dentato-serrata v. grossius dentata v. subserrata.

Folia fere semper distincte longiora quam lata, plus minusve ovata,

saepe subacuta nervis lateralibus utrinque saepissime 4-5 (-6).

Samararum alae nucula circiter J^-plo angustiores; strobili erecti.

23. B. humilis.
Folia saepe haud longiora quam lata, apice valde obtusa v. rotunda,
saepe obovata, nervis utrinque pleraque 2-3(-4).
Strobili elliptici, erecti; samararum alae nucula circiter 3-plo
angustiores. Folia plus minusve crenato-dentata.

21. B. glandulosa, var. sibirica.

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 465

Strobili sacpe nutantcs et subcj'lindrici; samararum alao nucula
aequilatae v. saepe latiores. Folia ut videtur satis l)r('vi(.cT ct

anguste dentata 22. B. Middendorffti.

ft Amenta fructifera pendula v. in 25. B. davurica subcrecta, cylindrica v.
subeliiptica. Folia saepe mediocra, majora plus quam 5 cm. longa (v.
pctioli 1 cm. longi v. longiores, v. amenta cylindrica et pendula), apicc
plus minusve acuminata v. subtriangularia, nervis utrincpie (4-)5-7

(-8). Arbores Sect. 4. EXCELSAE.

Folia ovata v. ovato-oblonga, basi cuneata v. cimeato-rotunda. Strobili
suberecti, elliptici v. subcylindrici; bractearum lobus medius saepis-
sime distinctus angustusque lateralibus subcrectis v. patentibus intcr-
dum paulo recurvis longior; samararum alae nucula 3^ angustiorcs v.
rarius subaequilatae. Cortex trunci junioris griseo-brunneus v. ex
parte flavus v. rubescens, lamellis laxis secedens.

Subsect. a. Dahuricae.

25. B. davurica.
Folia triangularia v. ovato- v. rhombico-triangularia. Strobili penduli v.

subpenduli; bractearum lobi laterales fere semper margine superiore
recurvatis, satis latis, lobus medius brevis, basi dilatatus comparate
satis reductus; samararum alae nucula aequilatae v. usque duplo
latiores Subsect. b. Albae.

26. B. japonica.

ENUMERATIO BETULARUM ASIAE ORIENTALIS
NEC NON HIMALAYAE.

Sect. 1. ACUMINATAE Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIIl. pt. 2,
418 (1865). — Prantl in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 111. Abt. 1, 45
(1887). —Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 97 (1904), II. 882 (1912).

Beiulaster Spach in Ann. Set. Nat. ser. 2, XV. 198 (1841).

Bctula, subg. Betulaster Endlicher, Gen. Suppl. IV. 20 (1847).

Betula, sect. Betulaster Regel, subsect. Acuminatae Regel in De Candolle,

Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 179 (1864). — Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. IV.-61, 88

(1904).

This section is well distinguished by the rather small and narrow bracts of the
fruiting catkins and by the broad winged seeds. The bracts of B. Maximowicziana
Regel only are somewhat like those of the other sections. The fruiting catkins are
racemose or solitary, narrow-cyUndric, long and pendulous.

1 . Betula Maximowicziana Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 180 (1868). —
Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 456 (1875). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag.
VIII. 321, t. 6, fig. 36-38 (1894). — Sargent, Silva N. Am. IX. 48 (1896). — Shira-
sawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 45, t. 23, fig. 1-8 (1900). — Mayr, Frcmdl. Wald- &
Parkbdume, 449, fig. 108 (1906).

Bctula Maximomiczii Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 418, t. 6,
fig. 1-8 (non Ruprocht) (1865). — Rehder in Bailev, Cijcl. Am. Ilort. 1. 158
(1900). -Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 97, fig. 53 e, 54 c-c^ (1904);
II. 882 (1912). — Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. IV.-61, 89, fig. 22 D-F
(1904). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. IV. 976, t. 269,

466 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

fig. 6 (1909). — Skan in Bot. Mag. CXXXVI. t. 8337 (1910). — Bean, Trees
& Shrubs Brit. Isl. 1. 259, fig. (1914).
Betula candelae Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 147 (1913).

JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Iburi, Nobori-betsu, common in forests, July 3,
1914 (No. 7070, tree 20-30 m. tall, girth 1.5-3.6 m.); "in sylvis Iwanai," Sep-
tember 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5781); " in sylvis Jirafu," June 28, 1905, U. Faurie
(Nos. 6599; young fruits; 6632); prov. Ishikari, Mt. Moiwa near Sapporo, Sep-
tember 6, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 20-26 m. tall, girth 0.6-0.9 m., pale orange
bark; sterile); without locality, C. Maximowicz (type, ex Regel). Hondo: prov.
Rikuchu, Mt. Iwate, July 26, 1908 (ex Herb. K. Sakurai; fruits); prov. Iwashiro,
Ose, August 10, 1911 (ex Herb. Sakurai); prov. Shimotsuke, Lake Chuzenji,
August 12, 1905, J. G. Jack (fruits).

This magnificent Birch is common in southern and central Hokkaido, where it is
known as Kaba or Red Birch, and its wood is exported to America and Europe
in increasing quantities. On the island of Hondo it occurs sparingly in the Nikko
region and elsewhere, and it reaches the southern limits of its range on the
Japanese Alps in Shinano province, where 1 met with it near Nakabusa-onsen on
the lower slopes of Tsubakura-dake. It grows from 26 to 33 m. tall and has a trunk
clean of branches for more than half its height; the crown is roundisn and mop-like.
The bark on old trees is orange-gray to grayish brown and gray, and sphts into
long and broad thin sheets many of which remain on the tree in the form of shaggy
masses. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. x327, x328, x331, x332,
x35S of the collection of my Japanese photograpHs. E. H. W.

2. Betula cylindrostachya Walhch,! Plant. As. Rar. 11. 7 (1831). — Regel in
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVlll. pt. 2, 418 (1865). — K. Koch, Dendr. II. 1,
639 (1872). — Mouillefert, Traite Arb. & Arbriss. II. 1124 (1897). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 882, fig. 552 e-f (1904).

Betulaster cylindrostachya Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XV. 198 (1841).
Betula acuminata, var. cylindrostachya Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc.

XIII. pt. 2, 129 {Monog. Betulac. 71), t. 6, fig. 32-34 (1861).
Betula cylindrostachys, var. typica Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2,

180 (1868) exclud. synonymis.
Betula alnoides Collett, Fl. Siml. 472 (non Hamilton) (1902).
Betula alnoides, var. cylindrostachya Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. 1V.-61, 91

(pro parte maxima) (1904).

INDIA. Kumaon: without locality, R. Blinkworth (No. 2794 of Walhch's
Cat.; type, ex Wallich); same region, R. Colquhoun (co-type, fide Lindley); same
region, alt. 2000-2400 m., common, Strachcy & Wintcrbottom (No. 3; fruits and
flowers); same region, "alt. 5-9000 ped.," T. Thomson; same region, Naini tal,
alt. 2100 m., Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 4; young flowers). Punjab: Bhali,
Bashahr state, Simla district, alt. 2400 m., May 1908 (fruits). United Prov-
inces: II Chakrata, alt. 2100 m.. May 12, 1912, R. Manickam (No. 87, Herb.
Imp. For. Coll. Dehra Dun; young fruits).

So far as I can judge from the above material this may be regarded as a dis-
tinct species which is very nearly related to B. alnoides Hamilton. Most authors
have confused it with B. alnoides Hamilton (B. acuminata Wallich), which differs

^ Wallich is the author of the names B. cylindrostachya and B. acuminata, but
Lindley is the author of the descriptions in the PL As. Rar., as he gave his manu-
script to Wallich.

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 467

in the characters mentioned in the key and seems to have a different geogra])hical
distribution.

Tlie oldest name for B. cylindrostachya is perhaps B. niiida D. Don {Prodr.
Fl. Nepal. 58 [1825]), the type of which was collected by Kamrup in SirinaRur.
I have not seen the type, but only a part of Wallich's No. 2795, collected by li. lilink-
worth in Kumaon which apparently represents the tj^pe of Lindley's B. niiida in
Wallich {Icon. Plant. As. Rar. II. 7 [1831]). This specimen of Blinkworth can
hardly be separated from B. cylindrostachya. According to Lindley B. nitida
is " omnino inter B. acuminatam et B. cylindrostachyam media." Spach (in
Arm. Sci. Nat., ser. 2, XV. 200 [1841]), describes B. nitida as Betulaster nitida,
and he adds, 1. c. 199, another species under the name of Betulaster ajjinis {Betula
affinis Endlicher, Gen. Suppl. IV. 20 [1847]), which according to his descrijition
seems to be only B. cylindrostachya Wallich. Regel mentions this form first as B.
nitida, vsLT. affinisRegel (in Nouv. Mem.Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. loO [Monog. Belulac.
72] [18Gl]),but later (in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, ISO [1SG8]) he placed it
under the doubtful species with B. nitida D. Don. Winlclcr made the same dis-
position of it (in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 95 [1904]).

3. Betula ainoides Hamilton apud D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 58 (1825).—
Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 599 (pro parte) (1888). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 497 (excl. specim. Farges et var.) (1899). — Gamble,' Man. Indian Timb.
ed. 2, 669 (1902). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 622 (pro parte) (1906). — Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. II. 882, fig. 552 g, 553 e-f (1912).

Betula acuminata Wallich, Icon. PI. As. Rar. 7, 109 (1831). — Regel in B^dl.

Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 418 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI.

pt. 2, 178 (1868). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 458, t. 46 (descript.

tantum pro parte) (1874). — Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 207 (excl.

specim. Fargesii et var.) (1899).
Betulaster acuminata Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XV. 199 (1841).
Betula acuminata, var. a glabra, /3 pilosa, y arguta, C lancijolia Kegel in Noxiv.

Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2, 129, 130 {Monog. Betulac. 71, 72), t. 6, fig.

29-31, t. 13, fig. 29 (1861).
Betula cylindrostachys, var. /3 pilosa et y subglcbra Regel in De Candolle, Prodr.

XVI. pt. 2, 189 (1868).
Betula ainoides, var. acuminata Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 89,

fig. 22 A-C (1904).

CHINA. Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1400 m., 1898, A. Henry (No. 11387; tree
10m. tall; fruits); Mengtsze, forests to southeast, alt. 1500 m., 1898, A. Henry (No.
10437'^; tree 13 m. tall; fruits); Mengtsze, mountain forests to southeast, alt.
1800 m., A. Henry (No. 10437; tree 10 m. tall; sterile); Szemao, mountains to the
south, alt. 1500 m., January 9, A. Henry (No. 12869; tree 10 m. tall; flowers; No.
12869=^; tree 7 m. tall; flowers; No. 12869'^; fruits).

INDIA. Nepal: "insylvisad Narainhetty," F. Hamilton (ex D. Don; type of
B. ainoides); without locahty, N. Wallich (No. 2793; type of B. acuminata).
East Bengal : Mt. Sillet (Silhet), H. Bruce (ex Walhch, No. 2793 var./3, apparently
only in part); without locality (Herb. Griffith, No. 4486).

1 Gamble, 1. c, mentions a Betula spec. {B. cijlindrostachys Gamble, List Trees
Darjcel. 79 [non Wallich] [1878]) from Sikkim, Darjeehng Hills from the Terai up
to 2000 m., which differs from B. ainoides in the color of bark and in the
anatomical characters of the wood. As the author says nothing about the leaves,
fruits, etc., this Birch needs further investigation.

468 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

The Himalayan and Yunnan forms are very much alike, and this species seems
to differ from B. cylindrostachya Spach in its more glossy and more or wholly
glabrous, longer and narrower leaves which are more distinctly acuminate and
also differ somewhat in the character of their serration. It may be possible to dis-
tinguish several forms, as Regel did, but I should like to see much more material
from India before making such an attempt. The fruiting catldns seem to be always
more slender than those of B. cylindrostachya Spach.

4. Betula luminifera Winkler. See p. 455.

5. Betula Baeumkeri Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 91, fig. 22 D-F
(1901). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 11. 882, fig. 552 c, 553 i-k (1912).

CHINA. Yunnan : without locality, J. Dclavay (type ex Winkler).

Having seen so many specimens of B. luminifera Winkler, showing the varia-
bility of this species, 1 suspect that B. Baeumkeri, of which I have been unable to
see any material, may prove to be only a form of that species.

Sect. 2. COSTATAE Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 412
(1865). — Prantl in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzcnfam. III. abt. 1, 45 (1887). —
Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 107 (1893). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 98
(1904).

Betula, sect. Euhetula Regel, subsect. Costatae Regel in De Candolle, Prodr.
XVI. pt. 2, 175 (1868). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 183 (1892).—
Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV .-61, 57 (1904).

This section is rather an artificial one. It includes very different forms like B.
Schmidtii Regel and B. corylifolia Regel & Maximowicz, which may represent dis-
tinct groups. The latter species and B. grossa Siebold & Zuccarini (probably also
B. insignis Franchet and B. costata Trautvetter) are characterized in a living state
by the same peculiar odor of the inner bark of young branchlets found in that of
the American B. lenta Linnaeus and B. lutea Michaux, but it seems to me an un-
natural classification to bring together these species in one group on account of
this peculiarity which unfortunately cannot be detected in dried specimens with
certainty. I distinguish the following subsections to which we have to add sub-
sect. NiGRAE, nov. subsect. (including only the American B. nigra Linnaeus) and
subsect. Lentae, nov. subsect. (Sect. Lentae Regel in Bull. Soc. Mosc. XXXVIII.
pt. 2, 417 [1865]. — Sect. Euhetula, subsect. Lentae Regel, in De Candolle, Prodr.
XVI. 2, 179 [1868]), including only American species. I cannot accept the different
subgenera proposed by Nakai (in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 40 [1915]).

Subsect. a. Ermanianae Schneider, n. subsect.

Betula, subg. Ermani Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 41 (pro parte) (1915).

The species united in this group seem to be closely related. They have a smooth
whitish or reddish or creamy bark peeling off in transverse flakes or strips. The
following species are well separated geograpliically, but it is not always easy to
distinguish them without sufficient judiciously collected material. What is needed
to estabUsh a good classification of a difficult genus Hke Betula are observations
of living plants in the field.

5. Betula Ermanii Chamisso in Linnaea, VI. 537, t. 6, fig. D, a-e (1831). —
Erman, Reise um die Erde, Naturh. Atlas, 56, t. 17, fig. 2 (1835). — Spach in Ann.
Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XV. 190 (1841). — Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 653 (1850). —
Trautvetter in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. St. Petcrsbourg, IX. (Maxim.owicz, Prim.
Fl. Amur.) 252 (1859). — Regel m Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2, 120
{Monog. Betulac. 62), t. 6, fig. 35, 37, 38, t. 12, fig. 13-28 (excl. var. y) (1861);

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 4G9

in Bull. Sec. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 414 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr.
XVI. pt. 2, 176 (1868). — Middcndorff, Sibir. Reise, IV. pt. 1, 568 (Gewdchse Sibir.)
(1864). — Herder in Act. Hort. Pelrop. XII. 69 (1892). — Dippcl, Handb.
Lnubholzk. II. 187, fig. 89 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsch. Dendr. 108(1893).-
Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. VIII. 321, t. 6, fig. 7-9 (1894). — Sargent, Silva
N. Am. IX. 48 (1896). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 49 (/'7. Mansh.
II.) (1903). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 102, fig. 53, f-gS 54 1-1^
(1904). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 66 (excl. icon.) (1904). -Henry
in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel IV. 977, t. 270, fig. 12 (1909). — Nakai
in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 201 {Fl. Kor. II) (1911); in Tokyo Bot. Mag.
XXIX. 43 (1915). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 147 (1913).

Betula ulmifolia, var. typica Kegel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2,
414 (an tantum pro parte?) (non B. ulmifolia Siebold & Zuccarini) (1865);
in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 176 (1868). — Winkler in Engler, Pflan-
zenr. IV.-61, 64, fig. IS D-F (1904).

Betula Bhojpattra, var. typica Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVIII. 416
(1865), quoad specim. japon. — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL Jap. I.
456 (1875).

Betula ulmifolia Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. 456 (non Siebold &
Zuccarini) (1875). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 189, fig. 90 (pro parte)
(1892). — Schneider, Ul. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 101 (pro parte) (1904).

Betula alba, var. communis Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. t. 21, fig. 1-15
(1900).

Betulaidmifolia,rar.dglandidosaWink\eTinEng\eT,Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 64 (1904).

This is the most common Birch in Japan and has there a greater latitudinal and
altitudinal range than any other species. It also grows to a larger size than any
other Birch of eastern Asia with the possible exception of B. grossa Siebold &
Zuccarini, but in the alpine zone of the higher moimtains of northern Japan it is
reduced to a low, very broad shrub with branches prostrate on the ground. I
met with it on the higher mountains northward from those of the Shinano province
in central Hondo. It is common in the Nikko region, and m.ost abundant in Hok-
kaido and Saghalien. In Hokkaido it is known as Gambi (White Birch), and the
wood with that of B. japonica Siebold, which is known by the same name, is like
that of B. Maximoioicziana Regel, exported in quantity to America and Europe
and used for making furniture. This species growing in such a wide area and under
Buch diverse climatic conditions exhibits naturally much variation. The trees
differ in habit, the leaves vary greatly in size and in degree of dentation and con-
siderably in shape also; the bract of the female flowers varies enormously both in
size and shape. The bark is grayish and is sometimes suffused with red-brown or
it may be nearly white, and exfoliates in thin sheets or the sheets usually remain on
the tree in shaggy masses. The fruit is always erect. Usually the trunk divides
a few feet from the ground into several massive stems and these branch to form
a wide-spreading crown, but when the trees grow crowded together in rich woods
the trunk is relatively slender and very tall and the branches are thin and short.
During 1914 I paid much attention to this Birch in Japan, but I failed to discover
any constant character by which any variety or form of this species could be defi-
nitely distinguished in the field. Its variability notwithstanding, B. Ermanii
Regel is a well-marked species. Soot obtained by burning the bark of this Birch
is used by Ainu women in tattooing themselves. Pictures of this tree will be found
under Nos. x237, x238, x252, x257, x258, x2.59, x268, x299, x310, x366, x370,
x377, x509, x512 of the collection of my Japanese photographs.

E. H. W.

470 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This often misunderstood species shows a high degree of variabiHty, and it
seems difficult to arrange the different forms in a satisfactory way. Not being
able to accept the arrangement of Koidzumi, I propose to keep distinct the follow-
ing varieties and subvarieties which are connected more or less closely by inter-
mediate forms :

Betula Ermanii, var. genuina Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII.
pt. 2, 122 {Monog. Betulac. 64), t. 2, fig. 13-28 (1861).

Betula Ermani, var. typica Regel in Bvll. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2,
415 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 176 (1868).

Betula Ermani, war. acutifolia Winkler inEngler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 66 (1904).

Betula Ermani, var. communis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 149 (pro
parte) (1913).

? Betula Ermani, var. sachalinensis Koidzumi, 1. c. 148 (1913).

Gemmarum squamae basi strobilorum tantum margine ciliatae facie glabrae
V. sparse pilosae; bractearum lobi ciliati, ceterum glabri, laterales plus minusve
erecti; samararum alae interdum satis angustae. Ramuli plus minusve glandu-
losi, rarius fere eglandulosi, interdum initio sparse pilosi. Folia basi truncata,
eubrotunda, leviter cordata v. subacuta, margine satis aequahter et grosse v.
inaequaliter dentato-scrrata (baud distincte lobulato-serrata serraturis longe
acuminatis), subtus (v. utrinque) ad nervos sericea, interdum barbulata v. plus
minusve glabra, glandulis subtus numerosis praedita v. fere eglandulosa, nervis
utrinque (6-) 7-11).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Kamtchatka: "inmontibus" A. Erman {type,
ex Chamisso); Petropavlovski, C. Wright (distributed as B . fruticosa) . Korea:
"distr. Musang, vallis Scgel-su, fluvium Tumingan," June 18, 1897, V. Komarov
(No. 487; fruits); MamiU Mt., August 13, 1906, F. N. Meyer (No. 156; resem-
bling var. subcordata in the serration of the leaves; fruits); Quelpaert (ex Nakai).
Saghalien: without locahty, Fr. Schmidt (? type of var. acutifolia) ; "in sylvis
Wladimirof," July 22, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 293); same place, June 1908, U.
Faurie (No. 291; young fruits) ; "in plateis Wladimirof," June 1908, U. Faurie
(No. 289; flowers); "in silvis basi montium," October 18, 1907, U. Faurie (No. 5;
the shape of the leaves agrees well with Erman's plate, the wings of the seeds are
very narrow); Soroviyofka (type of var. sachalinensis, ex Koidzumi).

JAPAN. Hokkaido : prov. Shiribeshi, Shiribeshi-san, alt. 300-2200 m., abun-
dant, base to summit, July 27, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7279; tree up to 23 m.
tall, girth 4 m., bark pale gray, smoothish; also reduced to shrub with long spread-
ing branches, commonly rising from thick very short base) ; prov. Ishikari, Teine-
san, abundant, July 31, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7304; tree 13-20 m. tall, girth
0.6-2.4 m., bark grayish white; fruits); Sapporo, Mt. Moiwa, September 17, 1892,
C. S. Sargent (tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 0.5-0.6 m., white bark; fruits); prov.
Cshima, Hakodate, 1861, C. Maximowicz (di.stributed as B . idmifolia typica) ; prov.
Iburi, Mororan, August 24, 1905, J. G. Jack (fruits). Hondo : prov. Mutsu, near
Aomori, 1200-1500 m., October 3, 1892, C. S. Sargent.

Betula Ermanii, var. genuina, subvar. Saitoana Schneider, n. subvar.
? Betula Ermani, var. parvifolia Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 148

(1913).
Betzda Saitoana Nakai in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 249 (1914); in Tokyo

Bot. Mag. XXIX. 43 (1915).

A typo recedit foliis minoribus, circiter 3.5-5 cm. longis et 2.5-3.5 cm. latis,
nervis lateralibus 6-8.

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 471

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korean Archipelago: Qiiclpaert: "in cratere
Hallai-san," alt. 2000 m., August 13, 1908, Taquet (Nos. 1440, tj^c, et 1439; fruits);
same locality, June 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1538; flowers); " in sylvis Hallai-san,"
alt. 1200 m., June 17, 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1539; fruits); "in vertice Hallai-san,"
alt. 2000 m., June 17, 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1540; young fruits); "in sylvis secus
torrentes," Hallai-san, alt. 1700 m., September 1909, U. Faurie (No. 3234; fruits);
"in summo montis Chananbon," alt. 1910 m., July 7, 1913, T. Nakai (No. 678,
ex Nakai).

JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Teine-san, G. Koidzumi{ type of var.
parvifolia, ex Koidzvmii).

This subvariety represents the most southern form of the species and comes
from a locality where we find so many peculiar plants. Koidzumi's variety seems
to be only a form of the typical B. Ermanii which was collected by Wilson (No.
7304) on the same mountain.

Betula Ermanii, var. genuina, subvar. brevidentata Schneider, n. subvar.

A tj'po recedit foliis satis parvis 3-5 cm. longis et 2-4 cm. latis late ovatis, basi
cordatis margine satis breviter et regulariter dentatis v. serratis, nervis lateralibus
6-7 (-8).

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Rikuchu, Hayachine-san, abundant, alt. 2000 m.,
September 28, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7577, type; bush; fruits).

1 mention this aljnne fonn only on account of the serration of its leaves. The
shape of the leaves is more like that of var. subcordata Koidzumi, but their serra-
tion resembles that of the t\T)ical B. Ermanii. It may represent another oeco-
logical form like subvar. Saitoana Schneider.

Betula Ermanii, var. subcordata Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 148

(1913).
Betula Bhojpallra, var. subcordata Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII.

pt. 2, 416 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 2, 177 (Bhojpattra) (1868).—

Franchet & Savatier, Eman. PI. Jap. I. 406 (Bhojpattra) (1875).
Betula Ermani, var. nipponica Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petcrsbourg,

XXXn. 622 (1888); in Mel. Biol. XII. 923 (1888). — Shirasawa, Icon.

Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 14, fig. 16-23 (1908).
Betula alba, var. communis Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. VIII. 319, t. 6, fig. 30-

32 (1894).
Betula Bhojpattra, vax.japonica Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XIX. (165) (1905).
Betula Ermani, var. genuina Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. IV.-61, 66 (pro

parte) (1904).
Betula Vukani L(^veille in BuU. Soc. Bot. France, LI. 423 (1904).
Betula Ermani, var. subcordata, f. nipponica Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag.

XXVII. 119 (1913).
Betula Ermani, var. japonica Koidzimii, 1. c. 149 (1913).
Betula Ermani, var. communis Koidzmni, 1. c. 149 (pro parte) (1913).
? Betula Ermani, var. incisa Koidzumi, 1. c. 148 (1913).
Betula nikocnsi.'i Koidzumi mss., ex Koidzumi, 1. c. (pro sjmon.) (1913); in

Matsumura, Icon. PI. Koisikav. II. 17, t. 93 (1914).

Varietati genuinae valde similis ab ea praecipue recedit foliis saepius dis-
tinctius cordatis, serraturis angustioribus acutioribus inacqualibus, saepe lobulatis,
nervis lateralibus saepissime 10-14.

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Saghalien : Toyohara, common, August 3, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 7338; tree 14-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-2.4 m., bark grayish white,
shagg>'; fruit) ; in montibus Takinosawa, July 24, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 292; fruits);
isl. Kaibato (tj'pe of var. incisa, ex Koidzumi).

472 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

JAPAN. Hokkaido: "in alpibus To-ka-chi," July 1905, U. Faurie (No.
6636; flowers; No. 6637; fruits); " in sylvis Jirafu," June 26, 1905, U. Faurie (No.
6633; fruits). Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Mt. Hakkoda, common, middle and upper
slopes, July 5, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7094; tree 8-17 m. tall, girth 0.3-3 ra.,
often mop-headed, bark fine, pale gray; young fruits); same locaUty, August 1904,
U. Faurie (No. 5784; fruits) ; prov. Ugo, Chokai-san, common near tree limit, Octo-
ber 9, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7172, bush 5 m. tall; fruits); prov. Rikuchu,
Hayachine-san, June 6, 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6639 ; flowers) ; prov. Iwashiro, Ose,
August 17, 1912 (ex Herb. Sakurai; young fruits); prov. Shimotsuke: round
Yumoto, Onsenga-dake, alt. 2200-2300 m., woods, common, June 23, 1914, E. H.
Wilson (Nos. 6860, 6854; tree 8-13 m. tall; flowers); same prov., Yumoto, Hem-
lock forest, common, September 6, 1892, C. S. Sargent (large tree, spreading orange-
colored branches, young trunks pale, old trunks dark -n-ith thick bark, bark exfoliat-
ing; sterile); same prov., round Chuzenji, alt. 1300-1800 m.. May 25, 1914, E. H.
Wilson (No. 6751; tree 20-27 m. tall, girth 0.6-3.6 m., bark grayish white, exfoliat-
ing in thin sheets, common Birch; flowers); same locality, August 12, 1905, J. G.
Jack (fraits); same prov., summit of Nantai-san, alt. 2600 m.. May 29, 1914, E.
H. Wilson (No. 6789; bush 1.2-3 m. tall); same locality, August 2, 1908 (Herb
Sakurai; leaves very cordate with elongated unequal teeth) ; Nikko, August 8, 1904,
and August 12, 1909 (Herb. Sakurai; co-types oiYnr.japonica Koidzumi [B. nikocn-
sis Koidzumi]) ; same locality, 1904, N. Mochizuki; same prov., Mt. Nasu, August
19, 1903, and July 7, 1911 (Herb. Sakurai); prov. Kozuke, Mt. Asama, 2600 m.,
August 11, 1909 (Herb. Sakurai); same locality, July 14, 1904, U. Faurie (No.
5783); prov. Shinano, on Tsubakura-dake, alt. 2000-2600 m., abundant, Sep-
tember 13, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7511; tree up to 20 m. tall, girth 2.4 m., much
branched); same prov., Komaga-take, July 1905, U. Faurie (Nos. 6628, 6629);
prov.?, Ubaya, July 4, 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5785); without locality, 1892, C.S.
Sargent (tree 26X0.9 m., pale bark, orange-colored branches, handsome).

The specimens from Saghalien and Hokkaido referred to tliis variety differ partly
in having fewer veins as in var. genuina, but their serration is mostly like that of the
forms of var. suhcordata from Hondo. It is as difficult to separate the last variety
from var. genuina as it is to distinguish different forms of var. suhcordata. These
forms which Koidzumi has described as B. nikoensis have rather triangular leaves
with a truncate base and 11-14 lateral veins, while what we may call typical var.
nipponica has distinctly cordate leaves which are more round-ovate, with 9-12
veins. I have failed to detect any characters sufficient to distinguish these forms
in a satisfactory way.

Betula Ermanii, var. lanata Regel, in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt.

2, 122 (Monog. Betulac. 64), t. 6, fig. 37-38 (1861); in Bidl. Soc. Nat. Mosc.

XXXVIII. pt. 2, 415 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 177 (1868).
Betiila Ermani Trautvetter & Meyer in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. 1. pt. 2,

Bot. abt. 2, 83 {Fl. Ochot.) (1856).
Betula Ermani, var. tomentosa Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII.

pt. 2, 415 (1865); in De CandoUe, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 177 (1868).

Gemmarum squamae basi strobilorum tota facie albo-lanatae. Bractearum
lobi valde cihati et etiam exteriore facie plus minusve puberuh, laterales dis-
tincti erecti. Ramuli initio puberuh v. tomcntelli. Foha plus minusve triangu-
laria v. triangulari-ovata, breviter acuta, satis grosse subaequaliter dentato-
serrata, nervis utrinque 7-9(-10); petioli pilosi.

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime prov. : "ad fl. Dshukdschandran,"
July 10-12, 1844, A. T. von Middendorf (type of var. tomentosa, ex Regel); prope

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 473

Ajan, //. Tiling (type of var. lanata); Ochotsk Sea, J. Small (Herb. N. Pacif.
ExT)l. Exped. Wright Coll.).

These northern forms seem to be well distinguished by the characters indicated
above.

7. Betula Jacquemontii Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. s6v. 2, XV. 189 (1841).—

Jacquemont, Voy. VI. t. 158 (18-14). — Regel in De Candolle, Prodr.

XVI. pt. 2, 178 (1868). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 257 (1913).
Betida BhojpaUra, var. Jacquemontii Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc.

XIII. pt. 2, 118, t. 6, fig. 19 {Monog. Betulac. GO) (pro parte) (1861);

in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 416 (1865); in De Candolle,

Prodr., XVI. pt. 2, 177 {BhojpaUra) (1868).
? Betula alba, var. glutinosa, lusus latifolia Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. N'nt.

Mosc. XIII. 79 {Monog. Betulac. 21) (1861), quoad speciin. Indiae Orient.
? Betula BhojpaUra, var. glandulifera Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII.

pt. 2, 416 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 177 {Bhojpattra)

(1868).
Betula utilis, var. Jacquemontii Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. &

Irel. IV. 981, t. 270, fig. 15 (1909).

INDIA. Kumaon: "Emodo," V. Jacquemont (type, ex Spach); Chumpua,
3400 m., Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 1; flowers). United Prov.: Dehra
Dun, Deota, alt. 2400 m., June 9, 1912, Sulakhan Singh (No. 98). Kashmir:
Zanskar, "14000 ped.," T. Thomson (young leaves); without locality, "9-11000
ped.," T. Thomson; Ahbad, alt. 3300 m., C. B. Clarke (No. 28928; young leaves);
Hazara distr., Kagan valley, alt. 2600 m.. May 1910; "Tibet, prov. Hasora,
Sangu Sar, on the right side of the Tsunger glacier," September 12, 1856, Schlagint-
weit (No. 6568); Rimkim, 3800 m., Strachey & Winterbotto7n (No. 2; fruits).

AFGHANISTAN. Kurrum valley, 1879, J.E. T. Aitchison (No. 719).

This species certainly needs further observation. 1 am not sure whether the
plants described by Henry and Bean are really the same as Spach's species, the
type of which I have not been able to examine. ^ Henry and Bean refer to trees in
Kew Gardens obtained from Petrograd.

By the kindness of the Keeper of th^ Kew Herbarium I have been able to
compare a dried specimen of the plant cultivated in Kew. It certainty much re-
sembles B. Jac.quemo7itii, but the leaves are almost glabrous, a little more ovate
in shai)e and with relativelj' long petioles. The fruiting bracts show a deiiser and
shorter ciliation, and their lateral lobes are blunter and somewhat shorter com-
pared with the middle one. The pubescence of the l^ranchlets of even the second
year is very short and fine and the young branchlets are less glandular. Unfor-
tunately there is no record in Petrograd where the original seeds came from.
Young plants in the Arnold Arboretum raised from seeds sent by Mr. R. N. Parker
from the northeastern Himalaya look different. The plant in Kew, however, seems
more nearly related to B. Jacquemontii than to any other Birch I have seen from the
Himalayas or eastern Asia. Neither can I refer it to any North American species
so far as 1 know them, nor to any of the numerous hybrids in cultivation. I am

1 At my request Dr. Gagnepain has kindly looked at the type-specimen in the
herbarium of the Museum d'Histoire Naturolle at Paris. According to his report
the tj^ie of B. Jacquemontii is certainly different from Wallich's types of B.
bhnjpiitra. Jacquemont's plant seems to represent a form v/ithout glands on the
leaves. In the shape of the fruiting bracts there is apparently no real difft-rence
between these two species.

474 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

deeply indebted to Dr. Stapf for much valuable information in this matter and take
the liberty to print in a note a part of one of his very interesting letters. ^

I suppose that typical B. Jacquemontii represents the most western form of all
these forms which 1 include under this species and under B. utilis D. Don and B.
albo-sinensis Burkill. Certainly they are all very similar, but it seems better to
keep these species separated according to their geographical distribution imtil
further observations on abundant material can show that the northwestern Hima-
layan forms are clearly connected by intermediate forms with those of eastern
India and central China.

8. Betula utilis D. Don, Fl Nepal. 58 (1825). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V.
599 (1888). — Dippel, Handh. Laubholzk. II. 187 (pro parte) (1892). — ? Koehne,
Deutsche Dendr. 108 (1893). — Gamble, Man. Indian Timb. ed. 2, 668 (pro parte)
(1902). — Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. I. 102, fig. 53 g (pro parte) (1904). —
Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 61 (pro parte) (1904). — Brandis, Ind. Trees,
622, fig. 191 (pro parte) (1906). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. &
Irel. IV. 980, t. 269, fig. 7 (excl. var.) (1909). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl
I. 263 (1913).

Betula Bhojpattra Wallich, Icon. PI. As. Rar. II. 7 (1831). — Brandis, For.

Fl. Brit. Ind. 457 (pro parte) (1874).
f Betida Bhojpaltra Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XV. 189 (1841).
Betula Bhojpaltra, var. genuina Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII,

pt. 2, 59, t. 13, fig. 7-12 {Monog. Betulac.) (pro parte) (1861).
Betula Bhojpattra, var. typica et var. latifolia Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mcsc.

^ Dr. Stapf writes: " B. utilis D. Don and B. bhojpattra, Wall, are absolutely
sjTQonymous as they have been based on the same specimens, that is, specimens
collected at Gossainthan in Nepal. B. xdilis is the earlier name and has, therefore,
priority over B. bhojpattra. The species extends into Kumaon and I have no
doubt that the specimen collected by Blinkworth {Wallich n. 2792 B.) is the same.
We further possess specimens collected by Strachey and Wintcrbottom at Champwa
in Kumaon, at 11500 feet. All our other specimens from Kumaon and westwards
to Kashmir and Hazara are with one exception evidently B. Jacquemontii. We do
not possess Jacquemont's type, but there can be no doubt about it. Spach's "in
emodo" simply means that Jacquemont collected it on the Himalayas (very prob-
ably in the Sutledj valley), "emodus" being a common Latin term for Himalaya.
We have the following specimens of B. Jacquemontii: Kumaon, "in excelsis,"
Munro (n. 2958); Tihri Garhwal, near the Tibetan frontier, Rimkim, 13500',
Strachey & Winterbottom (n. 2); Upper Ganges valley, above Jangla, Duthie (366);
Northwest India (probably Garhwal) (Hb. Royle); Sirmor, Hattu, Thomson; Ku-
nawur (basin of the Sutledj ) near the top of the Werang Pass, Thomson ; Lahul,
Jaeschke (280); Chamba, Ellis; Kishtwar, 10000', Thomson; Zanskar, 14000',
Thomson; Kashmir, Gurais Pass, Winterbottom (184) and Clarke (29282); Burzil
valley, Winterbottom (184 J^); Zoji La, Thomson, Henderson; Banahal Pass,
Thomson; Afghan frontier, Shend Toi Hills, 11000', Aitchison (719; 10-11000',
not common); Aitchison (228)."

"The one exception mentioned above is a sheet containing two specimens col-
lected by Edgeworth at Maduum (n. 247) and Junghury (n. 248). I have not suc-
ceeded in tracing these localities, but Junghury may be Janghary in the Upper
Sutledj valley, where Edgeworth was. We know he collected there and in Tihri
Gharwal and also around Simla. These specimens appear to be intermediate
between B. utilis and B. Jacquemontii, but rather nearer to the latter."

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 475

XXXVIII. pt. 2, 416 {BhojpaUra) (1865); in Dc Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2,
177 (1868).

INDIA. Sikkim : Lachung valley, alt. 3800 m., August 22, 1892, G. A.Gammie
(common tree); without locality, "10-14000 ped.," J. D. Hooker. Eastern
Nepal : Gossainthan, N. Wallich (type, ex D. Don).

I regard this eastern form as the true B. utiUs D. Don, which seems to be more
nearly related to the central Chinese forms, especially to var. PraLtii Burkill, than
to B. Jacquemontii Spach. Unfortunately 1 have seen too little material from the
eastern Himalaya to be sure whether the differences in the bracts, mentioned in
the key, are important enough to separate the Chinese forms. According to Dr.
Stapf (in lit.) the true B. uiilis seems to be somewhat different from the plants
from Sikkim, and only observations in the field can show whether or not differ-
ent species can be distinguished.

Betula utilis, var. Prattii Burkill. See p. 457.

9. Betula albo-sinensis Burkill. See p. 457.

Betula albo-sinensis, var. septentrionalis Schneider. See p. 458.

Subsect. b. Asperae Schneider, n. subsect. (descriptio in clavi).

Betula, subgen. Asperae Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 41 (1915).

10. Betula Schmidtii Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVIII. pt. 2, 412, t. 6,
fig. 14-20 (1SG5); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 175 (1868). — Herder in Act.
Hart. Petrop. XII. 68 (1892). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 52 (Fl. Mansh.
II.) (1903). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 201 {Fl. Kor. II.) (1911);
in Tokiio Bot. Mag. XXIX. 44 (1915). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII.
146 (1913).

Betula BhojpaUra, var. typica Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. VIII. 319, t. 6, fig.

25-29 (non Regel) (1894). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 44, t. 23,

fig. 9-22 (1900).
Betula BhojpaUra, var. Jacquemontii Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. VIII. 320,

t. 6, fig. 23-24 (non Regel) (1894).
Betula dahurica Shirai in Tohjo Bot. Mag. XIX. 164 (non Pallas) (1905). —

Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 19 (1912).
Betula punctata L^veille ex Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 44 (pro synon.)

(1915).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Ussuri: Port Bruce, 1860; C. Maximowicz {co-
type.; fruits). Korea (ex Nakai).

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke, around Lake Chuzenji, alt. 1200-1600
m.. May 24, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6741; tree 13-20 m. tall, girth 1.2-2.7 m.,
bark very dark, peeling off in thick rectangular plates; flowers); same place,
October 20, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7687; tree 30-35 m. tall, girth 2.1-3 m., bark
in thick dark plates, fruits erect); Sho-buga-hama, August 2, 1908 (ex Herb.
Sakurai; unripe fruits); Nikko, July 15, 1911 (ex. Herb. Sakurai; unripe fruits).

This is a well-marked sj^ecies characterized by the narrow but stiff erect cat-
kins, and by the fine denticulation of the short-petioled leaves. The bracts are
rather short with obtusish or acute lobes, the middle one being twice longer than
the erect lateral lobes. There is a living plant in the Arnold Arboretum the bark
and the twigs of which do not possess the peculiar scent of that of B. grossa Siebold &
Zuccarini, B. corylifolia Regel & Maximowicz or of the species of the Lentae group.

This remarkable Birch is rare in Japai^, and I saw it only on the wooded shores
of Lake Chuzenji and in the ascent there from Nikko. It is a large tree with thick

476 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

branches and black bark which falls off in thick, rather small plates of irregular
shape. Pictures of this Birch will be found under Nos. x297 and x304 of the
collection of my Japanese photographs. E. H. W.

Subsect. c. CoRYLiFOLiAE Schneider, n. subsect. (descriptio in clavi).

11. Betxila corylifolia Kegel & jMaximowicz in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII.
pt. 2, 417, t. 8, fig. 1-3 (186.5). — Kegel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 178
(1868). — Franchet & Savatier, Enuiti. PL Jap. I. 456 (1875). — Shirai in Tokyo
Bot. Mag. VIII. t. 6, fig. 20-22 (1894). — Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. I. 99,
fig. 53 p, 54 i-i2 (1904). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 59, fig. 17
(1904). — Sliirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 14, fig. 1-7 (1908). — Henry in
Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. IV. 975, t. 275, fig. 14 (1909).

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke, Yumoto, June 23, 1914, E. H. Wilson
(No. 6847; tree 10-17 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.9 m., bark silvery gray, shoots with taste
of B. lenta; yoimg fruits and bark); same locality, fairly common in forests,
October 16, 1914, E. H. Wilson. (No. 7651; with old strobiles); Konsei-toge,
August 7, 1911 (ex Herb. Sakurai; fruits); prov. Shinano: on Tsubakura-
dake, fairly common in forests, alt. 2000-2600 m., September 13, 1914, E. H.
Wilson (No. 7502; tree up to 17 m. tall, girth 1.2 m.; fruits); same prov., Mt.
Ontake, woods, 2800 m., June 11, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7024; thin tree, 8-
12 X 0.3 —0.6 m., taste of B. lenta; flowers); same prov., 1862, C. Maximowicz
(young fruits); Tokakushi-san, July 12, 1884 (ex Herb. Sci. Coll. Univ. Jap.;
young fruits); prov. Uzen, Adzuma-san, alt. 1000-1500 m., woods, not common,
July 20, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7228; tree 8-15 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.9 m., shoots
fragrant; fruits); prov. Nambu, 1865, Tschonoski (co-type; finiits).

An extremely well-characterized species which in the whitish-gray color of the
somevv^hat papillose under surface of the leaves resembles the American B. nigra
Linnaeus, which otherwise is quite different. In the herbarium the fruiting catkins
look as if they were nodding, but they are erect, the branches being a little drooping.

This very distinct species occurs sparingly in the Nikko region between alti-
tudes of from 1500 to 2300 m., and southward on the higher mountains to those
of the Shinano province, where on Ontake and Tsubakura-dake it is fairly common.
I met with it most plentifully however on Adzuma-san in the province of Uzen
to the north of Nikko. It also grows on the lower well-forested slopes of Haya-
chine-san, which is about the northern limit of the range of this species. It is a
tree of moderate height with a rather slender tnmk, smooth pale gray to white
bark and thin spreading and decurved branches and pendent branchlets. The
fruit is erect, and the shoots and inner bark have a fragrance similar to that of the
American Cherry Birch (B. lenta Linnaeus). E. H. W.

Subsect. d. Grossae Schneider, subsect. nov. (descriptio in clavi).

In some respects the forms of this subsection resemble those of subsect. Erma-
nianae, and I am not quite sure whether B. cosiata Trautvetter should not be re-
ferred to the last subsect. Ermanianae (as Nakai did) or not. If its twigs have the
same smell as those of B. grossa Siebold & Zuccarini, these two species are nearly
related. Otherwise B. costata Trautvetter may be placed nearest to B. alho-sincnsis
Burkill because according to Maximowicz its bark seems to be similar. All the
species of this subsection have nearly sessile, erect, short-elliptical or even nearly
globose cones, or the cones are very thick and large as in B. insignis Franchet.

12. Betula costata Trautvetter in Mem. Sav. ^tr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,
IX. 253 (Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859). — Komarov in Act. Hort.

BETULACEAE. — BETXITLA 477

Petrop. XXII. 43 {Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX.
43 (1915).

Betula Ermani, var. costata Kegel, in Nouv. Mem. Sac. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2,

123, t. 13, fig. 1-6 {Monog. Betulac. 65) (1861).
Betula ubnifolia, var. costata Kegel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2,

414 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 176 (1868). — Herder in

Act. Ilort. Petrop. XII. 68 (1892). — Winkler in Englcr, Pjlanzenr. IV.-61.

64 (1904).
Betula ulmifolia Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 188 (pro parte, non Siebold &

Zuccarini) (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 108 (pro parte) (1893). —

Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 101, fig. 53 o-oS 54 k-k^ (pro parte

maxima) (1904).

NOKTHEASTEKN ASIA. Mandshuria : fluvium Sutar, circa Kanskii, Jime
13, 1895, V. Komarov (No. 485; sterile); 12 hours east of Harbin, mountains,
April 31, 1903, C. S. Sargent (large tree, with pale yellow scaly bark on trunk
and large branches; sterile). Amur: without precise locality, 1859, C. Maxi-
mowicz (fruits). Korea: "in montibus Chirisan " (ex Nakai).

As far as I can judge from the material before me the most distinct character of
this species seems to be the rather narrow ovate-oblong acuminate leaves with
numerous nerves and very fine and acuminate double serration. The shoots are
glabrous or show a fine villose pubescence like those of forms of B. grossa Siebold &
Zuccarini.

13. Betula grossa Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt. 2, 228 {Fl.
Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 104) (1845). — Kegel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt.
2,417 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 178 (1868). — Shirai in Tokijo
Bot. Mag. Vlll. 320, t. 6, fig. 13-15 (1894). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I.
t. 22, fig. 12-25 (1900). — Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 884 (1912).—
Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. I. 499 (1914).

f Betula alba Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 76 (Hon Linnaeus) (1784).

Betula carpinifolia Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt. 2, 228

{Fl. Jap. Fain. Nat. I. 104) (1845). — Kegel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.

XXXVIII. pt. 2, 417 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 178

(1868). —Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. IV.-61, 62 (1904).
Betula ulmifolia Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Milnch. IV. pt. 2, 229

{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 1. 105) (1845). — Kegel in Nouv. M6m. Soc. Nat.

Mosc. XIII. pt. 2, 124, t. 6, fig. 20-25 {Monog. Betulac. 66) (1861) ; in Bull. Soc.

Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII, pt. 2, 412 (pro parte) (1865). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot.

Mag. VIII. 320, t. 6, fig. 16-19 (1894). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. 1. 1.

22, fig. 1-11 (1900). — Henry in Henry & Elwes, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. IV.

979 (1909). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. 1. 263 (1914).
Betula lenta, var. grossa Kegel, in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2, 127,

t. 6, fig. 27-28 {Monog. Betulac. 69) (1861).
Betula lenta, var. carpinifolia Kegel, 1. c. (1861).
Betula ulmifolia, var. sericea Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. IV.-61, 64 (1904).

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Rikuchu, Hayachine-san, June 6, 1905, U. Faurie
(No. 6638); prov. Shimotsuke: Nikko, alt. 1200 m.. May 18, 1914, E. H. Wilson
(No. 6710; tree 13 m. tall, girth 1.2 m., bark smooth, dark gray; flowers); round
Lake Chuzenji, common. May 23, 1914, E. II. Wilson (No. 6735; tree 17-25 m.
tall and 1.2-3.6 m., bark dark gray; flowers); same locality, October 21, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 7680; tree 20-25 m. tall, girth 2.1-3 m., "Yoguro-minebari,"

478 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

fruit erect); descent from Chuzenji to Nikko, October 21, 1914, E. H. Wilson
(No. 7701; tree 12 m. tall, girth 0.7.5 m.; fruits); .shores of Lake Yumoto, Novem-
ber 7, 1892, C. aS. Sargent (tree 10-13 m., dark bark, the branchlets with the
flavor of those of B. lenta; fruits); prov. Shinano, on Tsubakura-dake, alt.
1000-1600 m., September 15, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7485; tree 12-17 m. tall,
girth 0.6-1.2 m., bark black, Cherry Birch; fruits); same prov., 1864, C. Maxi-
mowicz (co-type of B. uHlis, var. sericea; fiowers); Mt. Ontake, July 1905,
U. Faurie (No. 6627; fruits); prov. Musashi, Takao-san, one tree in wood,
alt. 100-1600 m., September 24, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7163; tree 18 m. tall,
girth 1.8 m., bark gray, rough, a Cherry Birch; sterile); prov. Kozuke, Mt. Akagi,
August 19, 1908 (ex Herb. Sakurai; fruits); without locaUty, Siebold (ex Herb.
Mus. Lugd.-Bat., co-type of B. carpinifolia) . Shikoku : prov. Tosa, Nanokawa,
May 27, 1888, A. Watanabe (fruits).

A careful study of copious material has failed to show the possibility of distin-
guishing varieties of this species by the pubescence of the branchlets and bracts,
the shape of the bracts and leaves or by other characters. The Director of the
Botanical Museum in Munich has kindly sent photographs and fragments of
the type specimens of B. carpinifolia and B. ulmijolia ex Herb. Zuccarini. There
can be no doubt that both belong to B. grossa. Betula carjnnifolia is identical,
but B. ulmifolia, as stated by the authors in their original description, differs
slightly in having bracts with narrower lobes, the middle one being twice the
length of the lateral lobes. 1 have retained the name B. grossa for this species be-
cause the name B. ulmifolia has been used for so many different plants, espe-
cially for B. Ermanii Chamisso which is easily distinguished by the much more
triangular-ovate shape of the leaves and especially by the shape of the strobiles
and bracts. B. grossa differs from it, too, by the Cherry flavor of the bark of the
branchlets and the dark bark.

This Japanese Cherry Birch is very common in mixed woods on the mountains
of the Shinano province in central Japan northward to near the limits of the island
of Hondo. It has not been reported from Hokkaido and very probably does not
grow there. It occurs on the higher mountains of Shikoku and probably on those of
Kyushu also. It grows to a large size, and the trunk in thickne.ss rivals that of B.
Ermanii Chamisso. The branches are stout and the crown wide-spreading. On
trees from thirty to fifty years of age the bark is black or nearly so and perfectly
smooth, but on older trees it becomes fissured and rather lighter in color. The spe-
cies, however, is well marked, and in Japan may be readily distinguished in the
woods from any other. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. x253 and
x254 of the collection of my Japanese photographs. E. H. W.

14. Betula Fargesii Franchet in Jour, de Bol. XIII. 205 (1899). — Burkill in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 498 (1899). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 282 (1900). —
Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 66 (1904).

Eastern Szech'uan: Heoupin near Tchen-keou-tin, alt. 2200 m., P. Farges
(No. 1012; type, ex Franchet). Western Hupeh : Fang Hsien, A. Henry (No.
6879; sterile).

From Franchet's description it is rather difficult to decide whether Henry's
specimen is the same as B. Fargesii, as Burkill says who has seen the type. Winkler
gives a somewhat better description of the type, but he did not see Henry's speci-
men. This sterile specimen resembles B. albo-sinensis Burkill, but differs in having
the ends of the branchlets very fine pubescent. According to the descriptions of
the cones, bracts and seeds by Franchet and by Winkler, B. Fargesii might repre-
sent in China, where it seems to be a very local species, a type similar to B. grossa.

15. Betula insignis Franchet. See p. 459.

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 479

IG. Betula globispica Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. VIll. 318, t. 6, fig. 1-G (189-1).—
Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. tab. 21, fig. 16-32 (1900). — Schneider, III.
Ilandb. Laubholzk. 1. 101, fig. 53 a, 54 a-a^ (1904). — Winkler in Engler, Pjlnnzenr.
IV.-Gl. 67, fig. 19 D-F (1904). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. I. 499 (1914).

Hondo: prov. Musashi, Mt. Mitsumine in Katsuradaira forest, Octoljer 17,
1893, M. Shirai (fruiting type, ex Sliirai) ; Mt. Mitsumine, October 1908, M. Koyama
(fruits); prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko, near the tea-house in front of the Kegon
waterfall, April 3, 1894, M. Shirai (ex Shirai) ; descent to Kegon fall, around Lake
Chuzenji, on cliffs, October 20, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7708; tree 15 m. tall,
girth 1.5 m., bark whitish in papery flakes; fruits); Lake Chuzenji, August 30,
1904, N. Mochizuki (fruits); same locality, August 12, 1905, J. G. Jack (fruits);
Mt. Akanagi, about 1700 m., July 7, 1910 (ex Herb. Sakurai; fruits).

A species well distinguished by its broad- or orbicular-ovate, rather coarsely but
sharply serrated leaves and by its subglobular cones with narrowly lobed bracts.
It seems to be a very local species. There are living plants in the Arnold Arboretum.

This species is said to be common on Mt. Mitsumine, but I overlooked it when
collecting on that mountain. The only tree I saw grows on the cliffs just past the
first waterfall on the way to the foot of the Kegon waterfall near Lake Chuzenji
in the Nikko region. This tree is about 15 m. tall with a trunk 1.5 m. in girth, and
the bark is nearly wliite and separates in thin loose sheets. E. H. W.

Subsect. e. Chinenses Schneider, n. subsect.
Betula, subgenus Chinenses Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 41 (1915).

Frutices v. arbores parvae; ramuli ut videtur semper eglandulosi sed plus
minusve villosuh. FoHa satis parva et satis breviter petiolata. Strobili erecti,
elliptici; samarae anguste alatae v. fere exalatae. Cetera ut in clavi (p. 464)
indicata.

17. Betula Potaninii Batalin. See p. 459.

18. Betula Delavayi Franchet. See p. 460.

Betula Delavayi, var. Forrestii W.W. Smith in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh,
VIll. 332 (1915).

Yunnan : open situations in pine forests on the eastern flank of the Lichiang
range, lat. 27° 10' N., alt. 3100 m.. May 1910, G. Forrest (No. 554G, type; tree 8-13
m. tall; ex Smith).

I have not seen the type of this variety, which is said to differ in its larger,
broader, more obtuse leaves (up to 4.5 cm. long and 3 cm. broad and silky on the
upper surface, and in its fruiting aments up to 3 cm. long.

Betula Delavayi, var. calcicola W. W. Smith in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh,
VIII. 333 (1912).

CHINA. Yunnan: in the crevices of limestone cliffs on the eastern flank of
the Lichiang range, lat. 27° 20' N., alt. 3400-3700 m., June 1910, G. Forrest
(No. 5835, type, ex Smith; dwarf shrub, 0.3-0.45 m.).

Not having seen the type of this variety which has densely tomentose young
branchlets and roundish or oblong young leaves, I cannot decide whether it is a
variety of B. Potaninii Batahn or of B. Delavayi Franchet.

19. Betula chinensis Maximowicz in Bidl. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LTV. pt. 1, 47
(1879). — Burkill in Joitr. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 498 (1899). — Komarov in Act. Hort.
Petrop. XXVI. 42 {Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61,
67, fig. 19 G-F (1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 202 (Fl. Kor. II.)

480 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

(1911); in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 44 (1915). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laub-
holzk. II. 488, fig. 553 1-m, 554 a-b (1912).

Betula exalata S. Moore in Jour. Linn. Sac. XVII. 386, t. 16, fig. 8-10 (1879).
Belula chinensis, var. angusticarpa Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 67,
fig. 19 K-L (1904).

CHINA. Chili: Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 85; bush 1.8-3 m. tall;
flowers and old cones); Pohua-shan, near top of Mt. Conolly, alt. 1600-1800
m., July 1877, E. Bretschneider (type, ex Maximowicz).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: Chien-shan, June 4, 1906, F. N.
Meyer (No. 90; fruits); same locality, alt. 300 m., F. Ross (No. 223, 428, 478, 553;
type of B. exalata, ex Moore and Burkill) ; prov. Mukden (ex Komarov). Korea :
" Districtus Mu-sang, Trajectus Czao-rieng, Fluvium Tumingan," May 23, 1897,
V. Komarov (flowers); "in montibus Nai-piang, supra 1000 m.," August 1901.
U. Faurie (No. 605; fruits); "in montibus Hoang-hai-to," August 1908, U.
Faurie (No. 203; fruits); "in monte des diamants," June 24, 1906, U. Faurie
(No. 204; young fruits).

Forms of this species sometimes much resemble B. davurica Pallas, which, as
far as I have seen, has the young branchlets always more or less covered with
glands, but otherwise they are glabrous or sparsely pilose, not silky-villose, as in
B. chinensis. In the specimen distributed by U. Faurie under No. 204 the leaves
are very similar to those of B. davurica Pallas, but the middle lobe of the fruiting
bracts is as long as in typical B. chinensis and the pubescence of the young parts
is the same. See also under B. davurica Pallas.

I do not know Betula collina Nakai (in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 44 [1915])
from northern Korea, " in Colle Ungil." According to the description it must be
very similar to B. chinensis Maximowicz.

Sect. 3. HUMILES W. D. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. ed. 2, 761 (1843). — Prantl
in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. abt. 1, 45 (1887). — Koehne, Deutsche
Dendr. 107 (1893). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 103 (1904).

Betula, sect. Nanae Kegel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 407
(1865).
To this section belong also different American species. Several of the forms
referred here need a careful investigation.

Subsect. a. Nanae Schneider, n. comb.
Betula, sect. Eubetula, subsect. Nanae Kegel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI.
pt. 2, 162 (pro parte) (1868). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61,
69 (pro parte) (1904).
20. Betula nana Linnaeus, Spec. 983 (1753). — Kegel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
XXXVIII. pt. 2, 407 (1865); De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 171 (1868).—
Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 181 (1892). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 60
(1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 112 (1893). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Bdume &
Straucher, II. 26, fig. 132 E-H (1894). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 106,
fig. 55 f-i (1904). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. 1V.-61, 69, fig. 20 D-F (1904). —
Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 406 (1911). — Marshall in Moss,
Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 86, t. 88 (1914).

Alnus nana Clairville, Man. d'Herb. 280 (1811).
Chamaebetida nana Opiz in Lotos Jahrb. Nat. V. 259 (1855).
Betula nana, var. genuina Kegel, in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2,
101, t. 9, fig. 1-8, 13 {Monog. Betulac. 43) (1861).

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 481

For further literature see Herder, 1. c.

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Kamtchatka; Saghalien ? (see Herder, 1. c).
I have not seen any specimen of this plant from our area, but 1 do not doubt that
it occurs in the Arctic regions of eastern Asia.

Subsect. b. Fruticosae Schneider, n. comb.

Betula, sect. Fruticosae Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVllI, pt. 2, 406

(pro parte) (1865).
Betula, sect. Eubetula, subsect. Fruticosae Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI.

2, 162 (186S).
Betula, subgen. Fruticosae, Nakai in Tohjo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 40 (1915).

21. Betula glandulosa Michaux, var. sibirica Schneider, n. comb.
Betula nana Ledebour, Fl. Alt. IV. 246 (excl. sjti.) (183-3).
Betula rotundifolia Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. scr. 2, XV. 194 (1841).

Betula nana, var. sibirica Ledebour, Fl. Ro.%s. 111. pt. 2, 654 (1850). —

Regel in Noiw. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Xlll. 101, t. 9, fig. 9-12, 14-18

{Monog. Betulac.) (1881).
Chamachetula rotundifolia Opiz in Lotos Jahrb. Nat. V. 259 (1855).
Betula glandulosa, var. rotundifolia Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIIl.

pt. 2, 408 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 172 (1868).—

Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 64 (1892).
? Betula htimilis, var. kamtschatica Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII.

pt. 2, 107, t. 9, fig. 37-43 {Monog. Betulac. 49) (1861); Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.

XXXVIIl. pt. 2, 410 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 174

(1868). —Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. IV.-61, 74 (1904).
Betula glandtdosa Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. IV.-61, 73 (non Michaux)

(1904), quoad specimina asiat.

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Kamtchatka; Saghalien? (see Herder, 1. c.).

I have seen only specimens from the Altai and one poor specimen collected by
Stewart in Kamtchatka; of this last one branch looks very much like B. humilis
Schrank. These forms require a careful investigation of as much and as rich mate-
rial as possible, for we are far from having sufficiently interpreted all the forms of
this group from Asia, Europe and North America.

22. Betula Middendorffii Trautvetter & Meyer in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. I.
pt. 2, Bot. abt. 2, 84, t. 21 {Fl. Ochot.) (1856). — Trautvetter in Mem. Sav. Etr.
Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 255 (Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859). — Regel
in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2, 98, t. 8, fig. 13-27 {Monog. Betulac.
40) (1861); in Bidl. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIIl. pt. 2, 406 (1865); in De Can-
dolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 170 (1868). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 169, fig.
80 (1892). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrov. XII. 60 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche
Dendr. Ill (1893). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 53 {Fl. Mansh. II.)
(1903). — Schneider, HI. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 105, fig. 59 q-qS 64 n-p (1904). —
Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. IV.-61, 87 (1904).

Betula rotundifolia Regel & Tiling in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI. 118 {Fl.
Ajan.) (non Spach) (1858).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime Pro v. : " Insula Schantar magna,"
August 6-7, 1844, A. T. von Middendorff {type, ex Trautvetter & Meyer); for
further specimens see Herder (I. c). Amur: without precise locality, C. Maxi-
mowicz (fruits).

A doubtful species, of which I have not seen the type. Trautvetter, 1. c, and

482 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Regel, 1. c, distinguish several varieties, and I believe there are also hybrids,
probably of different origin. Such forms, however, can only be correctly inter-
preted by comparing all the known material.

23. Betula humUis Schrank, Baier. Fl. I. 420 (1789), excl. cit. Gmelinii.i —
Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XV. 193 (1841). — Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 111. pt. 2,
653 (1S50). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 180 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche
Dendr. 112 (1893). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Bdume & Strducher, II. 28, fig. 122 A-D
(1894). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 103, fig. 55 b-e, 56 f-i, 57 c
(1904). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 404 (1911).

Betula fruticosa Ledebour, Fl. Alt. IV. 246 (1833), excl. syn. Pallasii et

Gmelinii.
Betula humilis, var. genuina Regel in Nouv. Mem. Sac. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2,

106, t. 9, fig. 44-55 {Monog. Betulac. 48) (1861), excl. syn. Pallasii; in De

Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 174 (1868). — Herder, in Act. Hort. Petrop.

XII. 65 (1912). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 74 (1904).
Betula humilis, var. commutata Regel, in Nouv. Mem. Sac. Nat. Mosc. XIII.

108, t. 10, fig. 4-14 {Monog. Betulac. 50) (1861).

For further sjoionyms and citations see Ascherson & Graebner, 1. c.

The typical B. humilis Schrank does not occur, I beheve, in eastern Asia, and
seems to reach the eastern limit of its range in the western Altai. The forms
of eastern Siberia, referred to B. humilis by duTerent authors, may belong to B.
fruticosa Pallas and to B. glandulosa, var. sibirica Schneider. Probably also to other
forms not yet sufficiently understood, as B. Middendorffii Trautvetter & Meyer.

24. Betula fruticosa Pallas, Reise, III. App. 758, t. Kk, fig. 1-3 (1776) ; Fl. Ross.
I. pt. 1, 62, t. 40 A-C (in tab. sub B.fruticans) (1784). — Ledebour, Fl. Alt. IV.
246 (pro parte) (1833); Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 653 (1850). — K. Koch, Dendr. II.
pt. 1, 658 (1872), exclud. syn. Ledebourii. — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 169
(1892). —Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 59 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr.
Ill (1893). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 50 {Fl. Mansh. II.)
(1903). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 103, fig. 56 d-e, 57 b-bi (1904). —
Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 87 (1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo,
XXXI. 203 {Fl. Kor. II.) (1911); in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 43 (1915).

Betula, y humilior palustris GmeUn,^ Fl. Sibir.l. 167, t. 36, fig. 2 (1747).

Betula Gmelini Bunge in Man. Acad. Sav. Etr. St. Petersbourg, II. 607 in
observ. {Verz. Altai-Geb. Pfl. 85) (1835); Verz. AUai-Gsb. Pfl. ed. 8°, 113
(1836). — Trautvetter, PI. Imag. Fl. Ross. 10, t. 5 (1844). — Ledebour, Fl.
Eoss. III. pt. 2, 6.52 (1850).

Betula palustris Gmelini Ruprecht in Bidl. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 376
(1857); in Mel. Biol. II. 6, 558 (1858).

Betula palustris, var. Ruprecht, 1. c. 377 (1857); 1. c. 559 (1858).

Betula ovalifolia Ruprecht, 1. c. 378 (1857); 1. c. 560 (1858).

Betula reticulata Ruprecht, 1. c. 378 (1857); 1. c. 561 (1858).

Betida fruticosa, var. Ruprechtiana Trautvetter in Mem. Sav. 6tr. Acad. Sci.
St. Petersbourg, IX. 254 (Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859). —Wink-
ler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 87 (1904).

1 See under B. fruticosa Pallas.

2 This Birch is cited by Schrank {Baier. Fl. I. 420 [1789]) under his B. humilis.
According to the figure it may be a form of B. fruticosa Pallas, who cites Gmelin,
and it was named B. Gmelini by Bunge and Betula palustris Gmelini by Ruprecht.

BETULACEAE. — BETULA 483

Beluln humilis, var. Ruprechtii Kegel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mnsc. XIII.
pt. 2, 109, t. 8, fig. 40-47 (Monog. Betulac. 51) (1861); in DeCandolIe, Prodr.
XVI. pt. 2, 174 (1868). — Herder in Act. Horl. Petrop. XII. 66 (1892).

CHINA. Chili: Central and west Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 104).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia : swamp near Sryetinsk, August
13, 1903, C. S. Sargent (fruits); " Dahuria " (ex Herb. Hort. Petrop.). Amur
and Ussur i : Amur, 1859, C. Maximowicz; " am untern Amur: haufig auf nas.sen
Wiesen in der Niederung bei Ivitsi," July 29, 1856, C. Maximowicz (tj^pe of var.
Ruprechtiana, ex Trautvetter) ; " am linken Schilka-Ufer gleich unterhalb der
Scheltuga-Miindung," May 19, R. Maack (type of B. palustris Gmclini, ex Maack &
Ruprecht) ; " am mittleren Amur oberhalb der Garin-Mundung," July 25, R. Maack
(type of B. ovaliJoUa, ex Maack & Ru])recht) ; same place, R. Maack (type of B.
relicidata, ex Maack & Ruprecht) ; " Amur med.," May 27 and July 5, 1891, S. Kor-
shinsky; "am oberen Amur gleich unterhalb der Onon-Miindung am Hnken
Amur-Ufer," June 7, R. Maack (type of B. palustris, var., ex Maack & Ruprecnt);
" Amur superior," September 1, 1891, 5. Korshinsky {huits). Korea: "fluvium
Tumingan, di.strictus Musang, vallis Pakapen," June 8, 1897, V. Komarov (No.
488; young fruits); "in silvis pede montis Pai-ktu-san" (ex Nakai).

1 do not know where Pallas' type came from, and I am not sure whether all these
forms mentioned in the sjmonymy above belong to the typical B. fruticosa Pallas.
It is probable that there are different forms and probably hybrids, too, mixed with
that species. Without having seen the type specimens of Pallas, Ruprecht, Traut-
vetter and Regel it is useless to try to distinguish any varieties.

Sect. 4. EXCELSAEi W. D. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. ed. 2, 760 (1843).

Betula, sect. Albae Regel in Bvll. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 396, incl.
Sect. Dahiiricae (1865). — Prantl in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzcnfam.
III. abt. 1, 45 (1887). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 107 (1893). — Schneider,

III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 109 (1904).

Betula, sect. Eubetula, subsect. Albae Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 2,
162 (1868), incl. subsect. Do/i-wncae. — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61,
74(1904), incl. B. fruticosa. — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl.

IV. 390 (1910).

Subsect. a. Dahitricae Schneider, n. comb.
Betula, sect. Dahuricae Regel, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. 396 (1865),

excl. B. urticifolia.
Betula, sect. Albae, subsect. Dahuricae Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2,

174 (1868), excl. B. urticifolia. — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 109

(1904).
Betula, subgen. Dahuriae [sic] Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 40 (1915).

Possibly there are American forms which might be referred to this subsection.
The whole classification of the difficult species and forms of a genus like Betula must
be a provisional one as long as we cannot refer to all the forms of the whole genus.

25. Betula davurica Pallas, Reise, III. 422, not., 321, 421, t. Kk, fig. 4 a-b
(1776), fide Ledebour; Fl. Ross. I. pt. 1, 60, t. 39, tantum fig. A (1784). — Lede-
bour, Fl. Ross. HI. pt. 2, 651 (1850). — Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
XXVII. pt. 1, 401 (1854); Fl. Baical.-Dahur. II. 128 (1856). —Trautvetter in
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXX. 445, t. 7 (1857). — Maximowicz in Mem. Sav. Etr.

1 Koch's name refers to the arborescent species B. alba Linnaeus and B. pubes-
cens Ehrhart in contrast to the "Humiles" and does not refer to B. excelsa Aiton.

484 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 250 {Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859). — Paipreclit in Bull.
Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 379 (1857); in Mel. Biol. II. 562 (1858). — Kegel
in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 221 (1857); in Mel. Biol. II. 490 (1857); in
Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Xl'll. 113, t. 8, fig. 36-39, t. 10, fig. 14-40 {Monog.
Betul. 55) (1861); Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 411 (1~865); in De Can-
dolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 174 (excl. var. iS) (1868). — Middendorff, Sibir. Reise, IV.
pt. 1, 570 {Gewachse Sibir.) (1864). — K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 647 (1872).—
Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VII. 92 {Plant. David. 1. 282) (1884).—
Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk.il. 178 (pro parte) (1892). — Herder in Act. Hort.
Peirop. XII. 67 (1892). — Koeline, Deutsche Dendr. Ill (1893). — Burkill in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXVI. 498 (1899). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XVIII. 194 {Consp.
Fl. Kor.) (1900). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 45 {Fl. Mansh.ll.)
(1903). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 109, fig. 57 k-kS 60 p (1904).—
Winkler in Engler, Pfianzenr. IV.-61, 86 (1904). — Henry in Elwes & Henry,
Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. IV. 974 (1909). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI.
203 {Fl. Kor. II.) (1911); in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 42 (1915). — Koidzumi in
Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 146 (1913).

Betula Maximoioiczii Ruprecht in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 139
(1856), XV. 379 (1857); in Mel. Biol. II. 435 (1857), II. 563 (1858).

Betula Maackii Ruprecht in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 380
(1857); in Mel. Biol. II. 564 (1858).

Betula dahurica, var. Maximowicziana Trautvetter in Mem. Sav. Eir. Acad.
Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 250 (Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859).

Betala wutaica Mayr, Frcmd. Wald- cfc Parkbdume, 450, fig. 1C9 (1906).

f Betula Rosae Winkler in Engler, Pfianzenr. IV.-61, 135 (1904).

CHINA. Chili: Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, 2500-3100 m., in mountain canons,
August 12, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1207; of shrubby growth, bark dark; fruits);
west Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 109); " Cal-ceen-wong," 1910, W. Purdom
(No. 63).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia: Nertschinsk and Nertschinskoi-
Ssiwod, Turczaninow (flowers and sterile). Mandshuria: Khingan Mts., alt.
300 m., Yulo Pass, August 15, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile). Amur and Ussuri :
" ad fiumen Amur," " 60 Werst unterhalb der Ussuri-Miindung," July 15, 1855,
R. Maack (sterile); "am mittleren Amur . . ., am siidlichen und am Ussuri,"
May and August, C. Maximovncz (flowers and fruits of the type of B. Maxi-
mowiczii ex Ruprecht; "am mittleren Amur etwa 80 Werst unterhalb der Ussuri-
Miindung," July 18, 1855, R. Maack (fruits; type of B. Maackii ex Ruprecht) ; Amur,
near Koeurmi, May 12, 1855; near Daisso, May 26 and July 17, 1855; Ussuri,
Nor, August 12, 1855, C. Maximowicz (flowers and fruits; types of var. Maxi-
mowicziana ex Trautvetter; co-type in Herb. Gray); Abderi-Mundung, R. Maack
(fruits); near Khabarovsk, May 10, 1897, V. Komarov; same place, August 20-
21, 1903, C. S. Sargent (young tree, bark of trunk dirty white, of upper trunk
and branches red and exfoUating like that of B. nigra). Nikolsk, Railway sta-
tion, August 22, 1903, C. S. Sargent (young tree, gray bark). Korea : Chinnampo,
September 20, 1905, J. G. Jack (bark dark gray, breaking in thin shaggy layers);
Kan-ouen-to Mt., alt. 1000 m., U. Faurie (No. 601, tj'pe of B. Rosae, ex
Winkler) .

JAPAN. Hondo : prov. Shinano, Yatsuga-dake, village of Nakashinden, mar-
gin of copse, alt. 1200 m., September 19, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7548; one tree,
15 m. tall, girth 1.2 m.; branches wide spreading, bark gray, shaggy like B.
nigra; fruits, bark); samelocahty, September 1910 and 1914, ilf. iio;/ama (fruits) .

BETULACEAE. BETTJLA 485

Regarding the variation in the shape of the fruiting bracts and the leaves we
might distinguish several forms. But such a thing could be done only after a
careful comi)arison of all the material preserved in the herbarium of the Botanical
Garden at Petrograd. Among the specimens mentioned above there may be some
doubtful forms probably of hybrid origin.

Bciula Rosae Winkler 1 know only from the rather incomplete descrijition; ac-
cording to this, Jack's specimen from Korea may represent this form. The leaves
and seeds are like those of B. davurica Pallas, and the shape of the bracts is the same
as that of other forms of this species; in tliis it resembles those of B.japonica Sie-
bold, the lateral lobes being very spreading and somewhat recurved. But the
middle lobe is always longer and narrower, and the lateral lobes are narrower, too,
than in B.japonica Siebold, which has the bracts generally finely i)ubescent on both
surfaces, while those of B. davurica Pallas are mostly only cihate on the margins.

In Japan I saw only one tree of this Birch. It grows near the village of Naka-
shinden at 1250 m. altitude, on the lower slopes of Yatsuga-dake, situated on
the borders of Kai and Shinano provinces. 1 was, however, told of other trees in
the neighborhood. The tree was about 15 m. tall with wide-spreading branches and
readily distinguished by its characteristic pale gray bark which sjilits and exposes
the many layers the free ends of which become rolled and form shaggy masses on
the tree. In habit and character of bark this species resembles the American River
Birch {B. nigra Linnaeus). E. H. W.

Subsect. b. Albae Schneider, n. comb.

Betula, sect. Albae Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. 396 (1865).
Betula, sect. Euhetula, subsect. Albae Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2,

162 (1868).
Betula, sect. Albae, subsect. Eualbae Schneider, III. Handb. Laubhohk. I. Ill

(1904).
Betula, sect. Eubetula, subsect. Albae, Gruppe Eualbae, Ascherson & Graeb-

ner, Syn. Mitleleur. Fl. IV. 390 (1910).
Betula, subgen. Albae Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 40 (1915).

26. Betula japonica Siebold apud Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. 1V.-61, 78
(1904). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 42 (1915).

Betula japonica Siebold in Verh. Batav. Genoot. XII. 25 {Syn. PI. Oec. Jap.)

(nomen nudum) (1830). — Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV.

pt. 3, 229 {FL Jap. Fayn. Nat. I. 105) (nomen nudum) (1846).
Betula alba Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 400 (non Linnaeus)

(1854); Fl. Baical. Dahur. II. pt. 1, 927 (1856). — Trautvetter & INIeyer in

Middendorff, Sibir. Rcise, I. pt. 2, Bot. abt. 283 {Fl. Ochot.) (1856).—

Ruprecht in Bull Phys. Math. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 381 (1857) ; in

Mel. Biol. II. 565 (1858). — Middendorff, Sibir. Rcise, IV. pt. 1, 565

{Gewdchse Sibir.) (pro parte) (1804).
Betula alba, var. iypica Trautvetter in Mem. Sav. tltr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,

IX. 249 (Maximowicz, Prim. Fl Amur.) (1859).
Betula alba, var. vulgaris Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. 75

{Monog. Betulac. 17), quoad syn. Trautvetteri (1861). — Shirai in Tokyo

Bot. Mag. Vlll. 319, t. 6, fig. 33-35 (1894).
Betula alba, var. verrucosa Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. 77

{Monog. Betulac. 19) (1861), quoad specim. Kamtchat. — Franchet in Nouv.

Arch. Mus. Paris, s6r. 2, VII. 91 {PI. David. I. 2S1) (1884). — Burkill in

Jour. Unn. Soc. XXVI. 497 (1899).

486 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Betula alba, subspec. verrucosa, var. resinifera Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.

XXXVIII. pt. 2, 398 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 164 (1868),

exclud. specim. Americanis. — Herder in Act. Hort. Peirop. Xll. 50 (1892).
Betula alba, subspec. latifolia, var. Tauschii Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.

XXXVIII. pt. 2, 399, t. 7, fig. 11-14 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt.

2, 165 (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Pctrop. XII. 51 (1892).
Betula alba, var. japonica Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 136 (1865) ;

Prol. Fl. Jap. 68 (1866).
Betula alba, subspec. verrucosa, var. sterilis Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI.

pt. 2, 164 (1868), quoad specim. Amurensia. — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop.

XII. 50 (1892), quoad specim. Amurensia.
Betula alba, var. mandshurica Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mvs. Paris, ser. 2, VII.

91 (PL David. 1. 281) (1884). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 496

(1899).
Betula alba, subspec. verrucosa, var. vidgaris Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII.

49 (1892).
Bettda alba, var. Tauschii Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. VIII. 319 (1894). — Bur-
kill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 497 (1899).
Betula pendula, var. japonica Rehderin Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. I. 159 (1900).
Betula latifolia Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 38 {Fl. Mansh. II.) (non

Tauschi) (1903).
Betula pendula, var. japonica, f . microdonta Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk.

I. 113, fig. 62 qs (1904).
Betula japonica, var. Tauschii Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 78

(1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokijo,XXXl. 202 {Fl. Kor. II.) (1911).
Betula japonica, var. pluricostata Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 79

(1904).
Betula verrucosa, var. japonica Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. &

Irel. IV. 967 (1909).
Betida pendula, var. Tauschii Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. I. 498 (1914).
Betula mandshurica Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 42 (pro parte) (1915).

CHINA. Chili: Central and west Weichang, W. Purdom (No. 103; fruits);
west Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 124; fruits); Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, alt. 1600
m., August S, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1163; fruits).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea (ex Nakai).

JAPAN. Kurile Islands: Etorofu, Arimoi, July 9, 1884, K. Miyabe
(young fruits). Hokkaido: Chemuro, July 7, 1884, K. Miyabe (fruits); prov.
Oshima, Hakodate, 1861, C. Maximowicz (type of var. pluricostata ; fruits); prov.
Ishikari, Sapporo, Mt. Moiwa, September 18, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 20-27 m.
tall, white bark; fruits); Sapporo, July 28, 1885 (from Agric. College; fruits).
Hondo: prov. Shinano, on Tsubakura-dake, woods, abundant, alt. 1300-1600 m.,
September 15, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7456; tree 15-17 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.6
m., bark white; fruits, bark); prov. Shimotsuke, Akanumamoare, July 18, 1906
(ex Herb. Sakurai; fruits); near Lake Yumoto, September 7, 1892, C. S. Sargent
(sterile); prov. Kozuke, Mt. Asama, July 14, 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5782; fruits).

Betula japonica, var. kamtschatica Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 79
(1904).

1 As I have stated already in my III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 116 (1904), B. lati-
folia Tausch in Flora 1838, 751, is the same as the American B. papyrifera
Marshall.

BETULACEAE. — BBTULA 487

Belula alha, siibspec. latifolia, var. knmtschatica Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat.

Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 401, t. 7, fig. 1&-20 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr.

XVI. pt. 2, 165 (186S).
Belula pendula, var. japonica, f. typica Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. I.

113, fig. 62 q2 (1904).
? Betula japonica, var. resinifera Winkler in Engler, Pfianzenr. 1V.-61, 79

(1904).
Betula alba, var. vulgaris Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 11, fig. 19-37

(1858).

A typo praecipue differt foliis saepissime plus minusve tenuioribus, basi trun-
catis V. late cuneatis, rariiis subrotundis, raargine inaequaliter acutius serrato-
dentatis, saepe breviter lobulatis, subtus in axillis nervorum paullo barbulatis,
rarius etiam ad ner^'os laxe sericeis, petiolis fere semper glabris.

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Kamtchatka : without locahty, Rieder & Stewart
(type, ex Regel) . S a g h a I i e n : Odomari, thickets, common, August 6, 1914, £^. H.
Wilson (No. 7355; bush or small tree, 1.5-5.4 m. tall; probably a distinct form, the
lateral lobes of the bracts being very erect ; fruits).

JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Shiribeshi, Otaru, May 1, 1890, K. Miyabe
(flowers); prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, Mt. Moiwa, September 18, 1892, C. S. Sargent
(sterile); Kamikawa, July 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6630; fruits, large and thick
catkins) ; in sylvis Jirafu, June 26, 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6634; fruits); "basi
vulcani Tarumai," July 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6635; fruits). Hondo: prov.
Shimotsuke, round Yumoto, on Senjo-ga-hara, October 19, 1914, E. H. Wilson
(No. 7669; slender tree, 8-20 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.9 m., bark pure white, common,
fruits pendulous; fruits) ; round Lake Chuzenji, alt. 1600-1800 m., common, woods,
moors, May 26, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6767; slender tree, 6-20 m. tall, girth
0.3-1.2 m., bark white; flowers); Komagatake, July 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6G31;
fruits); prov. Shinano; above Narai, alt. 1100 m., September 3, 1905, J. G. Jack
(fruits); Kawanakazami, July 16, 1884 (ex Herb. Sci. Coll. Univ. Japan; fruits).

It is as difficult to separate the typical B . japonica Siebold from the variety kamt-
schatica as it is to distinguish both from var. mandshxirica Winkler, because there
are undoubtedly many intermediate forms. There is great variability in the shape,
texture, dentation and pubescence of the leaves as well as of the bracts. The
leaves of the type are always more or less pubescent, at least on the under side of
the midrib, and are more or less distinctly bearded in the axils of the veins below.
In forms like the type of var. pluricostata Winkler the petioles are slightly villose,
but other specimens show the same pubescence, texture and dentation, differing
only in the size of the leaves and in the less numerous lateral veins which are
mostly 6-9, rarely 9-12 in number.

B. japonica Siebold as a whole seems to be somewhat intermediate between the
European and western Asiatic B. alba Linnaeus sensu lato and the North American
B. papyrifera Marshall and its nearest allies. The forms of the subsect. Albae from
northern Asia and from North America need a thorough investigation.

Betula japonica occurs in fair numbers on the high mountains of Shinano
province in central Hondo. It is common as a small tree in the Nikko region and
increasingly so to the northward; in Hokkaido and Saghalien it is abundant. It
is a tree of moderate size with thin sj)reading branches and pure white bark.

Pictures of this Birch will be found under Nos. x275, x279, x301, x381, x414
of the collection of my Japanese photographs. E. H. W.

Betula japonica, var. mandshurica Winkler. See p. 461.

488 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Here may be added a very incompletely known species from Kamtchatka, B.
avatshensis Komarov (in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 163 [1914]), which was
collected by the author " in valle fl. Kalachtyrka non procul ab oppido Petro-
pavlosk ad medium Octobri mensis 1909." It has pendulous catkins which are
about 2 cm. long and 0.8 cm. thick, and very short-petiolate bracts with lobes
divided almost to the base. According to the author it may represent a hybrid
between B. japonica Siebold and B. Ermanii Chamisso.

ALNUS L.

Alnus cremastogyne Biirkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 409 (1899). —
Diels in Bot.Jakrb.XXlX. 282 (1900). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr.
IV.-61, 127, fig. 28 (1904); in Boi. Jakrh. XXXVI. Beibl. LXXXII.
33 (1905). — Callier apud Schneider, III Handb. Lauhhohk. II. 891
(1912). — Bean in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. XXVI. 164, t. (1913);
Trees & Shrubs Brit. I si. I. 179 (1914).

Western Szech'uan: without precise locality, abundant, side of
streams, etc., up to alt. 1400 m., October-November 1908 (No. 1388;
tree 10-40 m. tall, girth 0.6-3.6 m.; with ripe fruits and bark); same
region, July 1908 (No. 1388''; flowers); same region, October 1908
(No. 1388^^; unripe fruits); southeast of Tachien-lu, alt. 1400 m.,
October 1908 (No. 1388'^; bark from tree 30 m. tall, girth 4.5 m.);
near Wa-shan, alt. 900-1600 m., side of streams, July 1908 (No. 2030;
tree 13-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-2.1 m.; flowers); without locality, alt.
300-1200 m., abundant, October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4497; tree
7-13 m. tall; with ripe fruits); without locahty, A. Hennj (No. 8890,
type; young fruits); Tachien~lu, A. E. Pratt (No. 424, ex Burkill);
Mt. Omei, H. ScaUan (Nos. 2334, 2335 Herb. Giraldi, ex Winkler).

This Alder is very common in the valley of the Min River from near its mouth
and northward and westward, but in the valley of the Yangtsae River itself it
does not occur east of the city of Sui Fu. In north-central Szech'uan it extends
from the prefecture of Paoning westward to the neighborhood of Tachien-lu. In
the shingly beds of streams it makes pure growths and up to 1500 m. altitude is
everywhere abundant in extreme western Szech'uan. On the Chengtu Plain it is
largely planted by the side of rice fields, streams and irrigation canals and is one
of the principal sources of fuel. It is a tree from 20 to 30 m. and occasionally more
tall, and has a straight trunk from 2 to 3.5 m. in girth clothed with gray rough
bark; the branches are rather slender and spreading. The wood is of very little
value except as fuel, but is employed for making the small boxes used in western
China for transporting silver ingots. ColloquiaUy the tree is known as Ching-shu.
Pictures will be found under Nos. 56, 70, 295 and 378 and also in my Vegetation
0/ Western China, Nos. 9, 122, 123, 124 and 125. E. H. W.

Alnus lanata Duthie apud Bean in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1913,
164. — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 180 (1914).
Ad descriptionem valde incompletam addenda v. emendanda:

BETULACEAE. — ALNUS 489

Arbor 7-26 m. alta; rarauli novelli dense fulvo-tomentosi, annotini
glabrescentes, purpureo-brunnei, lenticellis parvis obtecti, dein nigres-
centes; gemmae stipitatae, ovato-obtusae v. subglobosae, subglabrae,
resinosae, stipite tomentello. Folia obovato-oblonga v. elliptica,
basi acuta v. subrotunda, apice obtusa, sed pleraque in acuminem
brevem producta, margine (apice distinctius) satis aequaliter distanter
brevi-glanduloso-serrata, supra saturate viridia, novella plus minusve
pilosa, adulta fere glabra, subtus initio dense f ulvo-tomentosa, dein saepe
facie glabrescentia, pallide viridescentia, costa nervisque prominulis
fulvo-tomentella v. hirsuta, costa interdum glabriuscula, nervis lateral-
ibus utrinque circiter 10-13, axillis barbata, 6-15 cm. longa et 4.5-10
cm. lata; petioli initio densius tomentelli, dein sulco superno except©
glabrescentes, crassi, 0.8-2 cm. longi. Amenta ut in descriptione
subgeneris (p. 490), mascula ad 6 cm. longa; pedunculi utriusque sexus
initio fulvo-tomentelli. Strobili maturi singuli, pedunculis 3.8-4.5 cm.
longis suffulti, elliptici, utrinque obtusi, 2-2.6 cm. longi, 1-1.6 cm.
crassi; bracteae apice truncatae, utrinque indistincte brevi-lobatae
et breviter incisae, circiter 7 mm. longae et 8-9 mm. latae; semina
obovato-oblonga, basim versus subacuminata, alis distinctis mem-
branaceis nuculo sublatioribus, apicem versus vix dilatatis cincta,
circiter 5 mm. longa.

Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, side of streams,
local, alt. 1600-2500 m., October 1908 (No. 1377, type of description;
tree 7-26 m. tall, girth 0.9-3 m.; with fruits) ; same locality, June 1908
(No. 1377*; with flowers); same locaUty, side of streams, alt. 1600-
2000 m., October 1908 (No. 1377"; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1.2-2.4
m.; with fruits); same locality, woodlands, side of streams, alt. 1600-
2200 m., October 1910 (No. I377^• tree 26 m. tall, girth 3 m.; with
fruits); same locality, alt. 1600-2300 m. (June ?) 1904 (Veitch Exped.
No. 4498; tree 7-13 m. tall; with flowers and old fruits).

This species is very closely related to A . cremastogyne Burkill, but it is easily
distinguished from it by the character given in the key. There are young planta
growing in the Arnold Arboretum. For further remarks see the subgen. Crema-
stogyne, p. 492.

This tree is local in its distribution and is known to me only from a limited area
to the southeast of Tachien-hi, where it is common between 1600 and 2300 m. alti-
tude. In habit it is similar to A. cremastogyne Burkill, but the trunk is usually
thicker and the branches stouter. E. H. W.

490 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

CONSPECTUS ANALYTICUS ALNORUM ASIAE ORIENTALIS
NEC NON HIMALAYAE.

Amenta masculina et feminea singula, axillaria, haud ante verem in axillis foliorum

ramuli novelli apparentia, masculina basi ramuli, feminea iis supersedentia; flores

masculini apetali. Fructus longissime stipitata; semina alis hyalinis latis cincta.

Gemmae stipitatae, 2-perulatae, obtusae .... Subgen. I. CREMASTOGYNE.

Folia subtus citissime glabrescentia, adulta sparse pilosa v. glabra, pleraque

tantum axillis ad costam paulo rufo-barbata. Ramuli etiam novelli glabri,

tantum sparse glanduliferi. Strobilorum pedunculi ad 8 cm. longi, glabri,

graciles 1. A. cremastogyne.

Folia novella subtus dense rufo-villosa, etiam adulta plus minusve distincte rufo-
pubescentia. Ramuli novelli rufo-tomentelli, etiam annotini sparse villosuli.
Strobilorum pedunculi ad 4.5 cm. longi, sparse hirsuti, crassiusculi.

2. A. lanata.

Amenta masculina aestate v. autumno apparentia et eodem tempore florentia v.

per hyemem nuda primo vere foliorum evolutione praecociora; ;flores masculini

petalis instructi. Fructus racemosi v. singuli, nunquam longissime stipitati.

Gemmae stipitatae, 2-perulatae, obtusae. Amenta feminea cum masculinis

autumno enascentia, axillaria, aphylla, per hyemem nuda, primo vere foliis

praecociora Subgen. II. ALNUS.

Amenta masculina ad 2-9 apice ramulorum floriferorum racemoso-aggregata.
Semina alis angustis rarius latioribus impellucidis coriaceis cincta, saepe

tantum quasi marginata Sect. 1. GYMNOTHYRSUS.

Amenta masculina per hyemem nuda prime vere foliorum evolutione prae-
cociora.
Folia margine nunquam lobulata, tantum serrata, serrato-denticulata v.
crenata, subtus viridescentia, nunquam papillosa.
Amenta fructifera ad 2-6 racemoso-aggregata. Folia basi pleraque
cuneata.
Folia utrinque acuta, elliptica, ovata v. lanceolato-ovata, basi angus-
tata V. rarius subrotunda, margine plus minusve calloso-serrata,

apice pleraque breviter acuminata 3. A. japonica.

Folia obovata v. rotundato-obovata, basi cuneata v. rarius obtusa,
margine (saltem supra medium) minutissime serrato-denticulata
v. crenato-dentata, apice obtusa, truncata v. leviter emarginata.

Folia minutissime serrato-denticulata 6. ^. Fauriei.

Folia crenato-denticulata 7. A. serrulatoides.

Amenta fructifera pluria, racemoso-paniculata. Folia basi pleraque
rotunda v. subrotunda. (Confer etiam 4. A. paniculatam.)

5. A. Henryi.
Folia margine lobulata v. subtus cinerascentia papillosa.

Folia apice subacuta v. acuta, rarius breviter acuminata, subtus tota
facie V. saltem ad nervos costamque hirsuta v. margine distincte

lobulata 8. A. hirsuta.

Folia apice emarginata, margine vix v. obtuse lobulata, adulta subtus
facie nervisque glabra, tantum ad costam sparse sericea et saepe

axillis barbulata 9. A. Matsumurae.

Amenta masculina autumno florentia.

Folia remote sed distincte acuteque serrata. Ramuli novelli sparse fulvo-
villosuli. Bracteae florum masculinorum late ovatae, fere latiores
quam longae, apice valde obtusae; thecae antherarum medio plus

BETULACEAE. — ALNUS 491

minusve connatae; bracteae fructiferae extus apice lobi mediani

dare brunneae, quasi umbonatae 10. A. formosana.

Folia satis remote breviter denticulato-serrata v. rejiando-serrata v.
subinte2;ra. Ramuli novelli griseo-puberuli. Brartcae florum ovato-
triangulares, acutae; thecae antherarum separatae; bracteae fructi-
ferae extus apice concoloria, baud punctata 11. yl. nitida.

Amenta masculina numerosa, apice ramulorum floriferorum paniculato-
racemosa, autumno florentia, longissima et tenuia. Semina alis distinctia

hyalinis cincta Sect. 2. CLETHROPSIS.

12. A. ncpalensis.

Gemmae sessilcs v. subsessiles, acuminatae, perulis exterioribus 3-6 v. interdum

tantum 2 inaequalibus obtectae. Amenta feminea racemosa, baud ante

verem apice ramuli brevis novelli paucifoliati terminalia; semina alis mem-

branaceis distinctis nuculo saepe aequilatis v. sublatioribus cincta.

Subgen. III. ALNASTER.

Folia late ovata, ovato-elliptica v. ovato-rotunda, apice obtusa v. subito

breviter acuminata, pleraque versus medium latissima, margine dentibus

patentibus argute serrulata, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5-10 (-12). Pro-

phylladichasiorummasculinorum bracteam margine plus minusve super-

antia. Frutices Series a. Viuides.

Folia apice sensim breviter acuta v. subobtusa, basi pleraque cuneata v. ro-
tundata. Ramuli annotinipurpurascentes v. bnmnescentes. Bracteae
mediae florum masculinorum dorso distincte umbonatae.^
Petala florum masculinorum staminibus longiora; stamina saepissime
antheris aequilonga; thecae antherarum toto longitudine connatae.

13. A.fruticosa.
Petala florum masculinorum staminibus breviora; stamina antheris dis-
tincte longiora; thecae antherarum basi apiceque liberae, plus minusve

divaricatae 14. ^. sinuata, var. kaniLschaMca.

Folia apice saepissime subito bre^'iter acuminata, late ovata v. ovato-
rotunda, basi late truncata v. cordata. Ramuli annotini grisei v. griseo-
brunnei. Bracteae mediae florum masculinorum dorso haud umbonatae;
thecae antherarum basi apiceque liberae, divaricatae.

15. A. Maximowiczii.
Folia ovato-oblonga v. ovato-lanceolata, versus apicem sensim longe acumi-
nata, versus basim latissima, margine argute serrulata dentibus subad-
pressis, nervis lateralibus 12-27. Prophylla dichasiorum masculinorum
parva, basi interiore bracteae occulta. Frutices v. pleraeque arbores

parvae Series b. Fikmae.

Nervi laterales utrinque 12-17; petioli foliorum majorum 1-2 cm. longi.
Amenta fructifera crassa, haudpendula; strobili 1-2, majores 1.8-2.5 cm.

longi et circiter 1.3-1.5 cm. crassi 16. A. fir ma.

Nervi laterales utrinque plerique 18-27; petioli foliorum ctiam maximo-
rum vix 0.8 cm. longi. Amenta fructifera gracilia, nutantia v. subpen-
dentia; strobili 2-5, etiam maxima vix ad 1.5: 1 cm. magna.

17. A. pcndula.

* fide Callier; in speciminibus a me visis ex Ajan Ig. H. Tiling, umbonom dis-
tinctum non vidi.

492 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

ENUMERATIO ALNORUM ASIAE ORIENTALIS
NEC NON HIMALAYAE.

Subgenus I. CREMASTOGYNE Schneider, n. subgen. (descriptio in clavi).

Abius, sect. Cremastogyne Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. -61, 102 (1904).

I raise this group to the rank of a subgenus because it is Hke subgen. Alnaster,
different from all the groups of the subgen. Alnus. Winkler did not know the
male flowers and the ripe fruits. Both the male and female inflorescences are
single and axillary, but both appear in the spring from the same young branch-
lets, while in the subgen. Alnus they develop in the autumn. In the subgen. Al-
naster only the female flowers appear in the spring after or with the leaves. The
male flowers of the subgen. Cremastogyne are much reduced. One dichasium con-
sists of only one bract; the bractlets being apparently wholly united with it or
wanting, and 4 (sometimes 5 ?) single stamens without any remains of petals
which are present in all the other subgenera. The bracts are ciliate, the thecae
of the anthers are separated and a little hairy, and the filaments are very short.
The seeds have broad wings as in the subgen. Alnaster.

1. Alnus cremastogyne Burkill. See p. 488.

2. Alnus lanata Duthie. See p. 488.

Subgen. II. ALNUS Endlicher, Gen. Suppl. II. 28 (1842); Suppl. IV. pt. 2,
20 (1847), includ. subgen. C'lethropsis.

This subgenus includes all the true Alntis sensu Spach with the male and female
inflorescences appearing in the summer or fall on the same branchlet, which does
not elongate as in the subgen. Cremastogyne. The male flowers are above the female,
and both open in autumn in some of the species, while in most of them the amenta
remain closed during the winter and open in spring before the leaves appear. Even
in the autumn-floWering species the cones ripen the following year. The sect. Cle-
thropsis, as far as I see, cannot be separated as a different subgenus from Alnus. I
can always distinguish 3 flowers in each dichasium, and the petals seem to be partly
connate at the base and partly free as in A. maritima Muhlenberg, which also
flowers in the autumn. See also my remarks under sect. Clethropsis and sect.
Gymnothyrsus.

Sect. 1. GYMNOTHYRSUS Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XV. 204 (1841). —
Endhcher, Gen. Suppl. IV. pt. 2, 21 (1S47). — Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI.
pt. 2, 184 (1868). — Matsumura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo XVI. art. 5, 7 {Rev.
Alni Spec. Jap.) (1902). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 110 (1904).

Alnus, sect. Clethra W. D. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 663 (sine descriptione)
(1837); ed. 2, 762 (1843). — Hayek, Fl. Steierm. 1. 108 (1908).

Alnus Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. s^r. 2, XV. 203 (1841).

Almis, subgen. Euclethrus Petermann, Deutschl. Fl. 516 (1849).

Alnus, sect. Euahius Regel in Nouv. Mem. Sac. Nat. Mosc. XIII. 134 (Monog.
Betulac. 76) (1861).

Alnus, sect. Alnaster Regel, 1. c. 133 (75) (1861), quoad A. nitidam.

Alnus, subgen. Gymnothyrsus Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt.
2, 425 (1865). — Prantl in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. pt. 1,
46 (1887). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 147 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche
Dendr. 112 (1893). — Calher apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I.
124 (1904). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 102 (1904). — Ascher-
son & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 416 (1911).

Alnus, sect. Alnus Sargent, Silva N. Am. IX. 68 (1896).

BETULACEAE. — ALNUS 493

In this section I place all the species of eastern Asia the male catkins of which
are solitary, axillary and terminal, fonning a racemose terminal main inflorescence.
The seeds have thick wings often reduced to a narrow margin. Dealing only with
a few species, I cannot pro])ose a proper arrangement of the whole group. There
may be several groups of equal taxonomic rank as section Gymnolhyrsus proper and
sect. Clcthropsis, or the first may be divided into different subsections or series.
I do not know whether this section also includes section Phyllothyrsus Spach
(1S41), which is the same as section Pseudalnus Regel (ISGl), because 1 have not
been able to study the species from Central and South America referred to these
sections.

3. Alnus japonica Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. 3, 230
(Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 106) (1846). — Regel in Nouv. Mem. Sac. Nat. Mosc.
XIII. 143, t. 15, fig. 22-27 {Monog. Betulac. 85) (1861). — Miquel in Ann. Mus.
Lugd.-Bat. II. 137 (18G5); Prol. Fl. Jap.m (1866). — K. Koch, De7idr. II. pt. 1,
632 (1872). — Dippel, Ha7idb. Laubholzk. II. 153, fig. 74 (1892). — Sargent in
Garden tfe Forest, II. 344, fig. 53 (1893); For. Fl. Jap. 63, t. 20 (1894). — Koehne,
Deutsche Dendr. 113 (1893). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 47, t. 19, fig. 18-
34 (1900). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 60 {Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). —
Schneider, III. Hajidh. Laubholzk. I. 126, fig. 67 h-h', 69, f-g (1904). — Winkler in
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 114 (1904), exclud. synon. var. formosana. — Henry in
Henry & Elwes, Trees Or. Brit. & Irel. IV. 953, t. 268, fig. 12 (1909). — Matsu-
mura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 18 (1912). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Miltdcur.
Fl. IV. 428 (1911). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 204 (Fl. Kor. II.)
(1911); in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 46 (1915). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Bnt. Isl.
I. 182 (1914).

Almis maritima, var. japonica Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2,

428 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 186 (1868), exclud. pi.

Formosana. — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. 1. 457 (1875). — Matsu-

mura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 7 (Rev. Abii Spec. Jap.) (1902).
Alnus japonica, var. genuina Callier in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 228 (1911);

apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 890 (1912). — Nakai in Tokyo

Bot. Mag. XXIX. 46 (1915).
Alnus japonica, var. latifolia Callier in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 228 (1911);

apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 890, fig. 555 i (1912).
Alnus japonica, var. reginosa (an resinosa f) Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX.

46 (1915).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Ussuri: Vladivostok, low grounds, rare, August
18, 1903, C. S. Sargent (fruits; may represent var. latifolia Callier). Korea : along
trail to Pouck Han, Seoul, September 25, 1905, J. G. Jack (fruits).

JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, common in low grounds, Sep-
tember 18, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 17-20 m. tall, girth 0.6-0.9 m.; fruits); same
locality, August 23, 1905, J. G. Jack (fruits) ; same locality, March 28, 1877, S.
Tanouchi (flowers); same locality, April ISSO (ex Herb. Sa])poro; flowers); prov.
Oshima: Hakodate, ad lacum Konuma, 1861, C. Maximowicz (fruits); Hakodate,
1861, M. Albrecht (young leaves). Hondo: prov. Musashi, near Tokyo, by rice
fields abundant, September 23, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6155; small tree 5-10 m.
tall, girth 0.3-0.75 m.; fruits); same locality, February 12, 1914, E. H. Wihon (No.
6155^; flowers); same locality, February 2, 1908, Se])tcmber 9, 1905 (ex Herb.
Sakurai; flowers and sterile); prov. Shinano: on Tsubakura-dake, moist iilains,
open country, alt. 600-1100 m., September 15, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7468;
slender tree, 7-12 m. tall; fruits); Nagasendo, near Seba, October 28, 1892, C. 5.

494 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Sargent (tree 17-20 m. tall, girth 0.6 m.; fruits) ; prov. IT go, on Chokai-san, common,
October 14, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7178; tree 5-8 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.9 m.;
fruits).

The specimens enumerated above represent the var. genuina Callier, which has
the branchlets always glabrous. The following variety has the young branchleta
more or lass hairy, and even later in the season they are slightly hairy.

Alnus japonica, var. arguta CaUier in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 229 (1911);
apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 890, fig. 555 1 (1912).

Alnus maritima, var. arguta Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVllI. pt.

2, 428 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 186 (1868). — Franchet

& Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. 1. 458 (1875). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop.

Xll. 73 {PI. Radd.) (1892).
Alnus maritima, var. japonica Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 500 (non

Regel) (1899).— PaUbin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XVIII. 194 {Consp. Ft.

Kor. II.) (1900).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Ussuri: Port Bruce, 1860, C. Moxmomcs (? type
of var. arguta Regel; fruits). Korea: Port Chusan, 1859, C. Wilford (young
inflorescences); Ping-yang, September 18, 1905, J. G. Jack (fruits); Chinnampo,
eecus aquas, August 1906, U. Faurie (No. 206; fruits).

JAPAN. Hokkaido : prov. Oshima, Onuma-koen, common in swampy places,
July 26, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7254; tree 13-18 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.2 m.; bark
smooth, branches ascending, spreading, brittle; young fruits); same prov., Hak-
kodate, in marshes, June 13, 1855, C. Wright (a spreading bush, fruits); prov.
Kushiro, forming pure and extensive woods in swampy places, August 12, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 7381; tree up to 33 m. tall, girth 3 m., bark gray, rough,
trunk straight, free of branches for more than half the height of the tree, spreading,
slender; unripe fruits); prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, August 19, 1905, /. G. Jack
(sterile) ; same locality, June 16, 1903, S. Arimoto (young inflorescences). Hondo :
prov. Musashi, Yokohama, 1863, R. Oldham (No. 721; sterile).

According to the material before me this variety seems to be only a form of the
type with sparsely pubescent branchlets. Callier keeps distinct A. japonica, var.
minor Miquel (in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 137 [1865]; Prol. Fl. Jap. 69 [1866]),
of which Miquel mentions no type specimen. To this form may belong Faurie's
No. 5786, Hondo, " in sylvis Ubayu," July 1, 1904, which shows no real difference
from var. arguta.

There is another variety:

Alnus japonica, var. koreana Callier in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 229 (1911);
apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 890, fig. 555 m (1912). — Nakai in
Tokyo Hot. Mag. XXIX. 46 (1915).

In this variety the j'oung branchlets and petioles are said to be densely villose
and the margins of the leaves more coarsely toothed. Callier does not mention a
type specimen, and I have not seen anything which might truly represent this
variety which according to Nakai was found in middle and northern Korea. A.
japonica seems to be planted only in southern Japan, although Matsumura men-
tions a specimen collected by K. Nagano in the prov. Chikuzen, Kyushu.

There is also A. Mayrii CaUier apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 126
(1904), the type of which was collected by //. Mayr in Hokkaido, prov. Kushiro.
It is doubtful whether this is a hybrid or only a form of A . japonica.

Alnus japonica is distributed in Japan from the Shinano province in central
Hondo and northward in greater numbers; it is also often planted round fields

BETULACEAE. — ALNUS 495

as between Yokohama and Tokyo. It reaches its maximum devolopment in open
Bwampy country in northern Hokkaido, where it forms pure and extensive woods. It
grows from 25 to 33 m. tall and has a straight trunk from 2 to 3 m. in girth and clear
of branches for half the height of the tree. The bark is gray and rough, the branches
are slender and rather short and s]jreading and form a narrow symmetrical crown.
This is the tallest of the Japanese Alders and a very handsome tree. Matsumura
reports this species from Kyushu, and it may be cultivated there, but 1 did not see
it and doubt if it is indigenous so far south. Pictures of this tree will be found
under Nos. x440, x441, x445 of the collection of my Japanese photographs.

E. H. W.

4. Alnus paniculata Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 45 (1915).
NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Northern Korea: on the mountains Hoang-

gui-to (ex Nakai).

I do not know this species, which according to Nakai is " forsan finitima ad Al.
maritimmn quae non vidi et Al. japonicac proxima venit, sed a prima inflorescentia
foeminea paniculato-decomposita, a secunda inflorescentiae forma et foliis ovatis v.
obovatis v. rotundatis bene distinguenda." To judge from the rather insufficient de-
scription this species may be a variety of A. japonica Siebold & Zuccarini with
more numerous female catkins.

5. Alnus Henryi Schneider, n. sp.

Alnus maritima, var. formosana Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. 500, quoad speci-
men Henryi (No. 1389) (1899).

Arbor ?; ramuli homotini tantum apice sparse pilosi, subangulati, olivacei, deinde
flavo-brunnei v. nigrescentes, lenticellati; gemmae nondum visae. Folia late ovata
V. ovato-elliptica, basi rotunda v. rarius subacuta, apice obtusa, sed subito in
acumen brevissimum producta, margine breviter subdistanter serrulata, basin
versus Integra, textura chartacea, supra ut videtur intense viridia, glabra v. nervis
costaque sparse pilosa, subtus viridia (an subnitentia?), glabra v. sparse puberula
et axilUs nervorum lateralium utrinque (6-) 7-9 elevatorum paulo barbulata, 4-8
cm. longa et 2.5-5.2 cm. lata; petioli tantimi sulco superne pilosula, 1-1.6 cm. longa.
Amenta masculina femineaque tantum valde juvenilia et incompleta visa; fructi-
fera in ramulis lateralibus racemoso-paniculata, racemis lateralibus strobilos 4
gerentibus pedunculo circiter 1 cm. longo suffultis, inflorescentia tota 11 cm. longa,
etrobilos circiter 13 gerens. Strobili elliptici, laterales sessiles v. subsessiles,
1.3-1.5 cm. longi, 1-1.3 cm. crassi; bracteae apice truncato-obtusae, indistincte
lobulatae, extus levissime excavatae, circiter 4 mm. longae et latae; semina elUp-
tica, utrinque obtusa, crasse marginata.

CHINA. Formosa : Tamsui, September 26, A. Henry (No. 1389, type, in Herb.
New York Bot. Gard.).

This species looks very different from A. formosana Makino or A. maritima
Muhlenberg or A. japonica Siebold & Zuccarini. The leaves of the only specimen 1
have seen are rather short and broad, and the fruiting catkins are much more numer-
ous than in the above species. The cones and bracts are different too. It flowers
a])i)arently in the spring like A. japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, and not at the end
of the summer or in the fall like the two other species.

5. Alnus Fauriei L6veille in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LI. 423 (1904).
Alnus glutinosa, var. cylindrostachya Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61,

118 (1904).
Alnus Schneideri Callier in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 229 (1911); apud

Schneider, III. Hajidb. Laubholzk. II. 890, fig. 556 k-m, 557 c (1912).
Alnus cylindrostachya Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 390 (1912).

496 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

JAPAN. Hondo: "in monte Gurvassan," September 28, 1897, U. Faiirie
(No. 783 ; type of the two species and the variety mentioned above; ex auctoribus) ;
prov. Sliinano, Mt. Togakushi, rare, July 15, 1908 (ex Herb. Sakurai; young
fruits) .

This species is well distinguished by its obovate leaves, which are emarginate or
truncate at the apex. They resemble those of the following species, but their ser-
ration is crenate.

7. Alnus serrulatoides CalHer in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 229 (1911); apud
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 11. 890, fig. 556 g-i, 557 a-b (1912).

Alnus glutinosa Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 137 (non Linnaeus) (1865) ;
Prol. Fl. Jap. 69 (1866).

Alnus 7naritima, var. obtusata Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 458 (no-
men nudum) (1875); II. 502 (1879).

Alnus glutinosa, var. japonica Matsumura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. pt. 2,
art. 5, 9 (1902). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 13, fig. 13-21 (1908).

Alnus glutinosa, var. obtusata Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 118
(1904). — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 17 (1912).

Alnus obtusata Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 390 (1912).

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Sliinano, Nakatsu-gawa, Nojiri, September 6, 1905,
J. G. Jack (fruits); same prov., Adera, September 5, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile);
prov. Mino, on Nakatsu-gawa, July 27, 1911 (ex Herb. Sakurai; young fruits);
prov. Yamato, July 14 (ex Herb. Coll. Sci. Univ. Jap.; fruits). Shikoku : prov.
Tosa, Oti, November 24, 1887, K. Watanabe (young aments). For further speci-
mens see Matsumura, 1. c.

This is a well-marked species with its finely serrate, obovate, obtuse leaves.

There is a flowering specimen collected by Wilson, Higashi-Kirishima, Kyushu,
March 8, 1914 (No. 6208; tree 5-15 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.9 m., bark smooth, gray,
male flowers reddish brown), representing a form which according to Wilson is
" common in forests." The male flowers are very similar to those of A. japonica,
but the female aments are mostly without any bractlike scales at their base, which
seem always to be present in the other forms of this species. They stand round the
base of the flowering female catkins 6 (or more ?) in number, somewhat like a
loose sheath, or in two distinct more or less opposite groups, and in shape are lan-
ceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Their texture is firm, and the middle bract of each
group is mostly the longest. The peduncles are stouter and nearly as thick as the
catkins, while in No. 6208 they are somewhat more slender. If there are 2 or 3 scales
at the base of the female catkins of No. 620S, they are of the same shape as the
flower bract and can be easily overlooked. Unfortvmately there is neither male
nor female flowering material of A. serrulatoides in the collections before me, nor does
Shirasawa publish a drawing of them. I suspect that Wilson's specimen may
belong to our species, but it is impossible to decide this without having seen leaves
and good fruits from the same locality. One of Wilson's specimens has several old
fruits which resemble those of A. japonica more than those of A. serrulatoides.

8. Alnus hirsuta Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI. 101 {Cat. PI. Baical.)
(nomen nudum) (1838); fide Ruprecht^ in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 376
(1857); in Mel. Biol. II. 558 (1858). — Maack, nymem. AMijp. pt. 2, 87 (1859).

^ There is no description of A. hirsuta, but Ruprecht refers to " Maxim. Amur.
No. 42," 1. c. 139 (1856), where Maximowicz cites A. incana, ^ hirsuta in Fl. Ochot.
which is the same as A. incana, var. hirsuta of Ledebour and of Spach.

BETULACEAE. — ALNUS 497

— Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXll. 54 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — Callier
apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 133, fig. 68 a-aS 72 k (1904). — Rehder
in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1. 253 (1914).

Alnus incana, var. hirsuta Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. s6r. 2, XV. 207 (1841). —
Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 656 (1850). — Turczaninow in Bull. Soc.
A'ai. Mosc. XXVII. 406 (1854) ; FZor. Baical.-Dahur. II. 133 (1856). — Traut-
vetter & Meyer in Middendorff, Sibir. Reise, I. pt. 2, Bot. abt. 2, 86 (Fl. Ochot.)
(1856). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 139 (1856);
in Mel. Biol. II. 435 (1857). — Trautvetter in Man. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci.
St. Petersbourg, IX. 258 (Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859). — Kegel
in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2, 155, t. XVII. fig. 1-2 {Mo7iog.
Betulac. 97) (1861); in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 7, IV. 136 {Tent.
Fl. Ussur.) (1861); in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 433 (1865);
in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 189 (1868). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk.
II. 164 (1892). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 77 (1892). — Matsu-
muTa.m Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 12 (1902); Ind. PI. Jap. II.
pt. 2, 17 (1912). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 123 (1904).—
Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 13, fig. 1-12 (1908). — Nakai in Jour.
Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 204 {FL Kor. II.) (1911).

Alnus tinctoria Sargent in Garden & Forest, X. 472, fig. 59 (1897).

Almis hirsuta, var. vidgaris Callier in Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 133
(1904).

Alnus hirsuta, var. Cajanderi Callier, 1. c. 133 (1904).

Alnus hirsuta, var. vulgaris, f. typica CalUer in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 233
(1911).

Alnus hirsuta, var. vulgaris, f. macrophylla Callier, 1. c. 233 (1911).

Alnus sibirica, var. hirsuta Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 144 (1913). —
Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 46 (1915).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia: "ad fl. Angaram superiorem,"
1834, N. Turczaninow (co-t>T)e in Herb. Gray; fruits). Amur: Bureja Mts., 1858,
G. Radde (young fruits). Ussur i : coast region, lat. 44-45° N. 1859, C. WiJford
(fruits). Saghalien: near Toyohara, abundant in swamps, August 4, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 7326; bush or tree, 3-15 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.; young fruits);
"in humidis Korsakof," October 5, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 286; fruits); without
locality, Fr. Schmidt (fruits).

JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hakodate, 1861, C. Maximowicz (young
fruits); same prov., Onuma-koen, moist woods and thickets, common, June
26, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7262; bush or tree, 4-9 m. tall, girth 0.9 m.,
branches slender, horizontally spreading; young fruits); prov. Kushiro, forming
pure woods, August 12, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7377; tree up to 18 m. tall, girth
3 m.; young fruits); prov. Ishikari, Poronai, September 19, 1892, C. S. Sargcrit
(tree 7-10 m. tall; apparently one of the type specimens of A. tinctoria; sterile);
same place and date, common, C. S. Sargent (tree 13-17 m. tall; type of A. tinc-
toria; fruits).

According to Sargent's description the typical A. tinctoria is nothing else than
A. hirsuta. He says: " the leaves . . . are . . . clothed below with soft, close, rufous
pubescence, which also covers the upper side of the slender midribs and primary
veins." The tyi:)e was gathered in Hokkaido, and the specimens in the Herb. Arn.
Arb. cannot be distinguished in the sense of Callier and Komarov as a glabroscent
form or species different from A . hirsuta, of which I have seen a co-type. Of the
typical A. hirsuta Callier has distinguished several varieties and forms (apud

498 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 133 [1904]; in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 233
[1911]). The value of these forms is doubtful, and they need further investigation.
With the rich Japanese material before me I cannot separate as a species from the
very villose forms representing A. hirsuta Turczaninow the variety sibirica which
seems to be connected with the type by intermediate forms of every degree. 1 refer
to this variety all the forms hitherto named A. tindoria and A. sibirica or A. incana,
var. glauca of eastern Asia.

Alnus hirsuta is very abundant in Hokkaido and in southern Saghahen, where in
open grassy country it forms nearly pure woods. It is a very bushy tree, not ex-
ceeding 20 m. in height and usually much less, with a short, very thick and often
gnarled trunk clothed with pale gray bark which is smooth or nearly so. Pictures
of this tree will be found under Nos. x354, x360, x363, x366, x376, x418, x419,
x420 of the collection of my Japanese photographs. E. H. W.

Alnus hirsuta, var. sibirica Schneider, n. comb.

Alnus sibirica Fischer ex Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI. 101 {Cat.
PI. Baical.) (nomen nudum) (1838) apud Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop.
XXII. 57 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — Calher apud Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. 1. 133 in adnot. (1904); II. 891, fig. 557 f-h (1912). — Nakai in
Tokyo Hot. Mag. XXIX. 47 (1915).

Alnus incana, var. sibirica Spach in Ann. Set. Nat. s6r. 2, XV. 207 (1841). —
Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 656 (1850). — Turczaninow in Bull. Soc.
Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 406 (1854) ; Fl. Baical.-Dahur. II. 133 (1856). — Traut-
vetter & Meyer in Middendorff, Sibir. Reise, I. pt. 2, Bot. abt. 2, 86 {Ft.
Ochot.) (1856). — Kegel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. 156 {Monog.
Betulac. 98) (1861); in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. 434 (1865); in
De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 189 (1868). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk.
II. 164 (1892). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 77 (PL Radd.) (1892). —
Matsumura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 12 (1902); hid. PL
Jap. II. pt. 2, 18 (1912). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 122
(1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 204 {Fl. Kor.) (1911).

Alnus incana, var. glauca Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2,
154 {Monog. Betulac. 96) (1861), quoad specim. sibirica; in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Mosc. XXXVIII. 433 (1865), quoad specim. e Mandshuria et Japonia; in
De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 189 (1868), quoad specim. e Sibiria, Mand-
shuria et Japonia. — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 458 (1875). — ■
Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 77 (pro parte) (1892). — PaUbin in Act.
Hort. Petrop. XVIII. 194 (1900), exclud. syn. Michaux.

Alnus tinctoria Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 56 {Fl. Mansh. II.)
(non Sargent sensu stricto) (1903). — Calher apud Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. I. 134, fig. 68 h-h^, 72 1 (1904); II. 891, fig. 557 i (1912); in
Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 233 (1911). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl.
Hort. I. 253 (1914). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 47 (1915).

Alnus incana, var. tinctoria Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 123 (1904). —
Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 17 (1912).

Alnus tinctoria, var. typica Calher in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov.X. 233 (1911);
in Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 891 (1912).

Alnus tinctoria,yeir. obtusilobaCa\\\eT,\. c. 233 (1911); 1. c. 891, fig. 557 i (1912).

Almis tinctoria, var. mandschurica Callier, 1. c. 233 (1911); 1. c. 891 (1912).

Alnus sibirica, var. typica Calher in Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 891, fig.
557 f (1912).

Alnus sibirica, var. oxyloba Callier, 1. c. 891, fig. 557 g (1912).

BETXJLACEAE. — ALNUS 499

Alnus sihirica, var. paucinervia Callier, I. c. 891, fig. 557 h (1912).
Alnus sihirica, var. tinctoria Koidzumi in Tokyo Bat. Mag. XXVll. 145 (forma
a-e inclusa) (1913).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia: "ad fl. Argun," 1833, AT. Twrc-
zaninow (? type of A. sihirica; co-type in Herb. Gray). Mandshuria: meadow-
near Sryetinsk, August 13, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile; branchlets and petioles
finely pubescent or tomentose); mountain streams 12 hours east of Harbin by
railway, August 31, 1903, C. S. Sargent (fruits). Amur: "ad fl. Amur," 1855,
jB. Maack (No. 611; sterile, branchlets and petioles tomentose, leaves rather
glabrous); Amur, C. Maximowicz (fruits; pubescence as in No. 611); "Amur
superior et medius," August 28, 1891, S. Korshinsky (fruits; less hairy than the
foregoing specimen). Ussuri: near Vladivostok, common, August 18, 1903,
C. S. Sargent (small tree; sterile).

JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hakodate, Oiwagi, 1861, C. Maximowicz
(fruits). Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke, around Nikko, common, on way to near
Kieifuri waterfall, October 23, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7711; tree up to 12 m.
tall, girth 0.9 m.; fruits); prov. Rikuchu, Hayachine-s.an, side of streams, etc.,
common, September 27, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7553; tree 13-17 m. tall, girth
0.6-1.2 m.; bark smooth, gray, branches long, fairly slender, horizontally spread-
ing; fruits); prov. Shinano, Otake-gawa, mountain slopes, common, October 31,
1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7751; bushy tree, 7-12 m. tall, girth 0.6-0.75 m., fruits);
Ontake, 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6646; fruits); prov. Shimosa, Matsudo, August 11,
1901, February 15, 1905 (ex Herb. Sakurai; sterile and flowers); prov. Musashi,
Tokyo, March 11, 1905 (ex Herb. Sakurai; flowers); prov. Suraga, slopes of
Fuji-san, abundant, from alt. 600 m. upwards, May 8, 1914, E. H. Wilson
(No. 6646; small tree, 4-10 m. tall, bark smooth, gray; female flowers, young
leaves); prov. Sagami, Hakone, common, April 17, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No.
6435; tree 7-12 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.9 m., branches ascending-spreading; flowers
and old fruits); prov. Kozuke, round Karuizawa, woods, August 31, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 7428; slender tree, 7-10 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.45 m.; fruits);
prov. Mutsu, Lake Towada, common, alt. 300-600 m., October 4, 1914, E. H. Wilson
(No. 7608; tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.75 m.; sterile).

I refer to var. sihirica all those forms which have glabrous or nearly glabrous
branchlets, peduncles and petioles, and the leaves hairy below only on the midrib
and veinlets. But there are several specimens mentioned above which are inter-
mediate between this variety and the typical A . hirsuta. In the type the branchlets,
peduncles and petioles are more or less hirsute or tomentose, while the leaves are
covered beneath with a brownish tomentum or, if glabrescent, are mostly hairy
also between the veinlets. I do not see how it is possible to keep the true. A.
sihirica ' distinct from A. tinctoria of Komarov, Callier and Nakai. The last two
authors distinguish several varieties which certainly need further investigation.
Leaves from different parts of the same tree sometimes show a good deal of varia-
tion in shape, texture and pubescence, so that it is very difficult to describe
varieties or forms only from scanty herbarium specimens. There are, I am sure,

' In the co-type in Herb. Gray the leaves are round-ovate, sometimes somewhat
cordate at the base, obtuse at the apex and obtusely lobed at the margin. On the
upper surface they are pubescent only on the midrib, while on the under surface
also the principal veins and even some veinlets are more or less hirsute, but be-
tween the veinlets they are wholly glabrous. The ends of the branchlets, the base
of the peduncles and the petioles are more or less finely tomentose. The leaves
are up to 8.3 cm. long and 8 cm. broad. The specimen is very imperfect.

500 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

some forms of both varieties which may possibly better be considered subspecies,
but it needs more material and more observations in the field in order to get a
good idea of the forms which are of taxonomic value. I may mention Wilson's No.
7613 (from near Lake Towada, alt. 600 m., October 6, 1914, slender tree 8-12 m.
tall, girth 0.3-0.6 m.), which looks like a distinct form of the typical variety.

There is another specimen of Wilson's (No. 7261, from Hokkaido, prov. Oshima,
Onuma-koen, local by lake side, July 26, 1914, tree 10 m tall, girth 0.6 m., branches
horizontally spreading). In shape and serration the leaves are more like those of
A. incana Moench; the pubescence is more like that of the typical A. hirsuta than
that of var. sibirica, the cones are not yet ripe. This specimen may belong to
A. horealis Koidzumi (in Tokijo Bot. Mag. XXVIl. 145 [1913]), the types of
which were collected in Hokkaido, prov. Ishikari, near Sapporo, and in northern
Hondo, prov. Mutsu, Kawau-chimura. Koidzumi describes the leaves as more
orbicular than they are in Wilson's plant. Without having seen a specimen of
A. horealis it is impossible to say whether it is a distinct species or only a variety
of A. hirsuta and similar to Wilson's No. 7261.

Komarov seems to believe that the true A. sibirica Fischer is the most western
form in Siberia of the group to which also belong A. hirsuta Turczaninow, A. tinc-
toria sensu Komarov and A. incana Moench. So far as I know these species 1 be-
lieve that A. hirsuta sensu meo represents A. incana Moench in eastern Asia.
The differences between these eastern Asiatic forms are not greater than they are
between the different forms of A. incana Moench described by Callier apud
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 135 (1904).

Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica is a very common tree in moist woods and on the
margins of lakes and by the side of streams in Japan from central Hondo north-
ward, but rare in Hokkaido. It is usually a more slender tree than the typical
species. E. H. W.

Pictures of this Alder will be found under Nos. xl91, x251, x252, x508,
x540 of the collection of my Japanese photographs.

9. Alnus Matsumurae Callier in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 234 (1911); apud
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 891, fig. 556 n-p, 557 k (1912).

Alnus glutinosa Matsumura, List PI. Nikko, 29 (non Linnaeus) (1894).
Alnus incana, var. emarginata Matsumura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI.

art. 5, 13, t. IV (1902); Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 17 (1912). — Winkler in

Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 120 (1904).

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Iwashiro, Ose, July 25, 1909 (ex Herb. Sakurai;
young fruits) ; prov. Shimotsuke, on the Konsei-toge, 1885, J. Matsumura (type;
fruits); on Nyoho-san, 1901, Yatabe & Matsumura (ex Matsumura); Yumoto to
Nikko, common in mountain forests, September 6, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 13-
17 m. tall, girth 3.6-5.4 m., pale bark; fruits); Yumoto, open country and woods,
abundant, June 22, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6836; bush or tree, 3-15 m. tall,
girth 0.9 m.; young fruits); same place, August 30, 1904, A^. Mochizuki (fruits);
prov. Shinano, on Tsubakura-dake, side of streams, alt. 1200-1800 m., Sep-
tember 3, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7501; tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.2 m.,
branches horizontally wide-spreading; fertile); prov. Kai, Fuji-san, July 27, 1908
(ex Herb. Sakurai; young fruits); prov. Sliinano, Jizogatake, July 1903, U. Faurie
(No. 5362; young fruits).

This is a well-marked species resembling in the shape of its obovate emarginate
leaves A. Faurici L6veill6, but in A. Fauriei the under surface of the leaves is
greenish and not grayish and papillose as in A. Matsumurae CalUer.

BETULACEAE. — ALNUS 501

10. Alnus formosana Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 390 (1912).

Alnus viuritima, var. japonica Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2,

186 (quoad pi. Formosanam) (1868).
Alnus mariliina Henry in Trans. Asiat. Soc. Jap. XXIV. suppl. 90 {List PL

Formos.) (non Muhlenberg) (1896).
Alnus maritima, var. formosana Burkill in /owr. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 500 (1899). —

Matsumura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 8 {Rev. Aln. Spec.

Jap.) (1902). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 391

{Enum. PI. Formos.) (1906). — Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXV. 199

{Fl. Mont. Formos.) (1910).
Alnus japonica Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. 1V.-61, 114 (1904), quoad pi.

Formosanam.
Alnus japonica, var. formosana Callier in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 228

(1911); apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 890, fig. 555 k (1912). —

Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. 2, 18 (1912).

CHINA. Formosa: without locality, 1864, R. Oldham (No. 508, type of
v&v. formosana Burkill; fruits); Tamsui, A. Henry (Nos. 1394 and 1732, Herb.
New York Bot. Gard.; flowering, autumn); in montibus Suitenka, June 28, 1903,
U. Faurie (No. 516; sterile); see also Matsumura and Hayata, 1. c.

This species differs from A. japonica Siebold & Zuccarini in flowering in the
autumn like A. maritima Muhlenberg, which otherwise is easily distinguished by
the different leaves, by the smaller narrower petals of the male flowers and by
other characters. A. formosana is a subtropical species like A. nitida Endlicher.

11. Alnus nitida Endlicher, Gen. Suppl. IV. 2, 20 (1847). — Regel in Nouv.
Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIll. pt. 2, 140, t. 14, fig. 23-30 {Monog. Betulac.) (1861); in
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIIl. pt. 2, 421 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI.
pt. 2, 181 (1868). — K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 624 (1872). — Brandis, Forest Fl.
Brit. Ind. 460, t. 57 (1874); Ind. Trees, 623 (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V.
600 (1888); in Bot. Mag. CXXV. t. 7654 (1899). — Sargent, Silva N. Am. IX.
70, in adnot. (1896). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 473 (1902). — Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb.
670 (1902). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 108 (1904). — Henry in
Elwes & Henry, Trees Or. Brit. & Irel. IV. 954, t. 268, fig. 3 (1909). — CalHer
apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 889, fig. 555 e-f, 556 a-c (1912). —
Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 183 (1914).

Clethropsis nitida Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. s^r. 2, XV. 202 (1841). — Cam-

bess^des in Jacquemont, Voy. IV. Bot. 159, t. 159 (1844).
Alnus sp. Stewart, Punjab PI. 197 (1869).

INDIA. Western Temperate Himalaya: "Emodo," V. Jacquemont
(t>T3e, ex Spach); "secus rivulos circa Khoti," alt. 2000-2500 m., V. Jacquemont
(ex Cambessedes) ; Kunawur, "reg. temp. 5-7000 ped.," T. Thomson; without
locaUty (No. 955, Herb. Falconer).

This species and A. nepalensis D. Don were referred by Spach to his genua
Clethropsis, although they are different except that both flower in the autumn.
See my remarks under section 2.

Sect. 2. CLETHROPSIS Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 181 (excl.
A. nitida) (1868). — Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. 1V.-61, 108 (1904), cxcl. A.
nitida.

Clethropsis Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. 86r. 2, XV. 201 (1841), excl. A. nitida.
Alnus, subgen. Clethropsis Endlicher, Gen. Suppl. IV. pt. 2, 20 (1847), excl.

502 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

A. nitida. — Regel in 5wH. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 421 (1865),
excl. A. nitida. — PrantI in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. abt.
1, 45 (1887), excl. A. nitida. — Callier apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laub-
holzk. 11. 889 (1912), excl. A. nitida.
Ahius, sect. Alnaster Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIll. 133 (Monog.
Betulac. 75) (pro parte) (1861), quoad A. napalensem.

1 refer to this group only A. nepalensis D. Don because it differs from A.
nitida Endlicher and also from the other species placed under sect. Gymnothyrsus
by its numerous handsome paniculate clusters of male catkins and by its seeds,
which have the same kind of wings as the species in the subgen. Alnaster and the
subgen. Cremastogyne. Besides it differs from A. nitida D. Don in its paniculate
female catkins and in the papillose under side of the leaves.

12. Alnus nepalensis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 58 (1825). — Endhcher, Gen.
Suppl. IV. pt. 2, 20 (1847). — Regel in Btdl. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVllI. pt. 2,
421 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 181 (1868). — Brandis, Forest Fl.
Brit. Ind. 460 (1874); Ind. Trees, 623 (1906). — Kurz, Forest Fl. S. Ind. II. 476
(1877). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 600 (1888). — Sargent, Silva N. Am. IX. 70,
inadnot. (1896). — Mouillefert, Traite Arb. & Arbriss. II. 1133 (1897).— Franchet
in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 208 (1899). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 500
(1899). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 473 (1902). — Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. 670 (1902).—
Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 108, fig. 25 (1904). — CaUier apud Schneider,
III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 889, fig. 555 g, 556 d-f (1912). — Diels in Not. Bot.
Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 41 (PI. Chin. Forrest.) (1912).

Betula Boshia Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 58 (pro synon.) (1825).
Betula leptostachya Wallich Herb. 1824 ex Wallich, Cat. No. 2799 (1828).
Alnus napalensis WalHch, PI. As. Rar. II. 27, t. 131 (1831). — Regel in Nouv.
Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2, 141, t. 13, fig. 40-43, t. 16, fig. 4-6 (1861).
Clethropsis nepalensis Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XV. 202 (1841).

CHINA. Yunnan: Mengtsze, south of Red River, alt. 1200-1500 m.,
forming woods, A. Henry (No. 9223, in part; trees 5-10 m. tall; fruits); same
locality, on mountains, forming woods, alt. 1500-1800 m., A. Henry (No. 9223
in part; trees 3-7 m. tall). For further specimens see Burkill, 1. c, and Fran-
chet, 1. c.

INDIA. Kumaon : "common at alt. 4-8000 ft.," Strachey & Winterbottom
(flowers and fruits). Gurhwal: Gaurikund via Trijugi Narain and Maser-td,l
to Bilung, September 24 to October 3, 1855, Schlagintweit (No. 9372; flowers);
without special locahty, alt. 1000 ft., 1886, H. Mayr (tree; fruits); Nepal: " ad
Narainhetty," December, F. Hamilton (sub nom. Betula Boshia; tj^pe, ex D. Don);
without special locality, " in montibus," 1824, N. Wallich (No. 2799, sub nom.
Betula leptostachya). Sikkim: " regio temp. 5-8000 ped.," J. D. Hooker (young
flowers and fruits); Darjeehng, Ryang, alt. 1500 ft., November 12, 1870, C. B.
Clarke (No. 13693; flowers); Yoksun, alt. 3500 ft., October 9, 1875, C. B. Clarke
(Nos. 25151^ 25151*>; flowers); Lingcham, alt. 5000 ft., October 22, 1875, C. B.
Clarke (No. 25479; sterile); Mongpo, alt. 5000 ft., October 10, 1884, C. B. Clarke
(No. 36465*^; flowers); " Sikkim superior," May 1885, Pantling (No. 46331^ Herb.
Clarke; fruits). Eastern Bengal: without locahty (No. 4490 Herb. Griffith;
fruits and flowers). Assam: without locality, 1891 Dr. King's collector (flowers
and fruits).

This species is abundant in southwestern Yunnan in dry woods, often forming
pure stands; it also occurs as an undergrowth in Pine woods. E. H. W.

BETULACEAE. — ALNUS 503

Subgen. III. ALNASTER EndJicher, Gen. Suppl. II. 28 (1842); IV. pt. 2, 20
(1847). — Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 421 (1865). — Pranti
in Engler & Pranti, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 111. abt. 1, 45 (1887). — Matsumura in
Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 1 (1902.

Alnus, sect. Alnohetida W. D. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 603 (sine descrip-
tione) (1837); ed. 2, 762 (1843). — Winkler in Engler, Fjlanzenr. 1V.-61, 102
(1904). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 413 (1911).

Alnaster Spach in Ann. Set. Nal. s(5r. 2, XV. 200 (1841). — Ledebour, Fl.
Ross. III. pt. 2, 655 (1850).

Almis, subgen. Alnibetida Petermann, Deutsche Fl. 516 (1849).

Alnobelula Schur in Verh. Siebenbiirg. Ver. Naturw. IV. 68 (1853); Enum. PI.
Transsilv. 614 (1866).

Alnus, sect. Alnaster Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2, 133
{Monog. Betulac. 75) (1861), exclud. A. napalensis et A. nilida; in De
Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 181 (1868).

Alnus, subgen. Alnohetida K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 625 (1872). — Dippel,
Ilandb. Laubhohk. II. 143 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 112 (1893).—
Callier apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubhohk. I. 120 (1904).

Wolpert in Flora, C 37 {Vergleich. Anat. u. Entwicklungsgeschichte v. A. alno-
betula u. Betida) (1910) gives a very interesting account of the differences between
the true Alnus and the subgen. Alnaster and of the affinities of the latter with Betida.

Series a. Virides Schneider, n. ser. (descriptio in clavi).

The species placed into this group are very closely related. I doubt whether
the characters taken by Callier from the male flowers are constant enough to dis-
tinguish Alnus viridis^ Lamarck & De Candolle from A. sinuata Rydberg, etc.
The typical A. viridis does not occur within our area so far as I know, but Callier
(apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubhohk. I. 121 (1904) refers specimens collected
by Middendorff " ad fl. Boganida " and others to var. typica, f. repens Callier, 1. c.
1 have not seen these plants, but they are referred to A. fruticosa by Trautvetter.

13. Alnus fruticosa Ruprecht in Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich, II. 53 {Fl.
Samojed. Cisural.) (1845). — Trautvetter in Middendoi-ff, Sibir. Reise, I. pt. 2,
Bot. abt. 1, 152 {Fl. Boganid.) (1857). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII,
58 {FL Matish. II) (1903). — Callier apud Schneider, lU. Handb. Laubhohk. I.
121, fig. 66 h (1904); II. 888 (1912); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 226 (1911). —
Koidzmni in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 144 (1913). — Rehder in Bailey, -Stand.
Cycl. Hort. 1. 253 (1914). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 45 (1915).

Alnaster fruticosus Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 655 (1850). — Traut-
vetter & Meyer in Middendorff, Sibir. Reise, I. pt. 2, Bot. abt. 2, 85 {Fl.

' There is some confusion about the sjTionj-ms of this species, which are given
as follows:

Alnus viridis Lamarck & De Candolle, Fl. Frang. III. 304 (1805).

Betula viridis Chaix apud Villars, Hi.<it. PI. Dauph. I. 374 (1786).

Betula alnobetula Ehrhart, Beitr. II. 72 (1788). "

Betula ovala Schrank, Baler. Fl. I. 419 (1789).

Alnus ovata Loddigcs, Bot. Cab. XII. t. 1141 (1826).

Alnaster viridis Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XV. 201 (1841).

Alnus alnobetula Th. Hartig, Naturg. ForsU. Culturpfl. 372 (pro synon.) (1851). —

SchweLnfurth apud Ascherson, Fl. Prov. Brandenb. 622 (1864).
Alnobetula viridis Schur in Verh. Siebenbiirg. Ver. Nalurw. IV. 68 (1853).

504 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Ochot.) (1856). — Reger& Tiling in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI. 119

(Fl. Ajan.) (1858). — Trautvetter in Mem. Sav. J^tr. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-

bourg, IX. 257 (Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859). — Schmidt in Mew.

Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 7, XII. 62, 174 {Reis. Amur-Lande Sachal.)

(1868).
Alnaster viridis Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 404 (exclud.

sjTion.pIur.) (1854:) ■,Fl.Baical.-Dahur. 11. 131 (1856) (exclud. synon.plur.) —

Korshinsky in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 389 (1892).
Alnobetula fruticosa Ruprecht in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 139

(1856), 375 (1857); in Mel. Biol. II. 434 (1857), 558 (1858).
Alnus viridis, var. sibirica Kegel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt 2,

137, t. 14, fig. 16-20 (Monog. Betulac. 79) (pro parte) (1861); in Bull. Soc.

Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 422 (pro parte) (1865); in De CandoUe, Prodr.

XVI. pt. 2, 182 (pro parte) (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII.

70 (pro parte maxima) (1892).
Alnus crispa K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 626 (pro parte, non Pursh) (1872).
Alnus viridis, var. julacea Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VII.

91 {PI. David. I. 281) (1884). — Burkill in Jour. Unn. Soc. XXVI. 500

(1899).
Alnus fruticosa, var. manshurica Callier ex Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop.

XXII. 59 {Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903).
Alnus fruticosa, var. mandschurica Callier apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laub-

holzk. I. 121 (1904).
Alnus fruticosa, var. typica Callier, 1. c. (1904).
Alnus alnobetula, var. fruticosa Winkler in Engler, PJlanzenr. IV.-61, 160

(pro parte) (1904).
Alnus fruticosa, var. typica, f . vulgaris CaUier in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X.-

226 (1911); apud Schneider, HI. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 888 (1912).
Alnus fruticosa, var. typica, f. macrophylla CaUier, 1. c. 226 (1911); 1. c. 888

(1912).
Alnus fruticosa, var. mandschurica, f. normalis Callier in Fedde, Rep. Spec.

Nov. X. 227 (1911); apud Schneider, HI. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 888 (1912).
Alnus fruticosa, var. mandschurica, f. grandifolia CoMier, 1. c. 227 (1911); 1. c.

888 (1912).
Alnus fruticosa, var. sachalinensis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII.

144 (1913).
Alnus fruticosa, var. mandshurica, f. normalis Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag.

XXIX. 45 (1915).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Yakutsk : "ad flumen Kolyma," F. M. Augusti-
nowicz (young fruits) . M a r i t i m e p r o v. : Ajan river, //. Tiling (flowers) . Amur:
C. Maximowicz (fruits) ; same region, F. M. Augustinowicz (fruits) ; same region,
August 27, 1891,5. Korshinsky (fruits). Korea: "fluvium Jalu superior, infra
ostium fluvii Czan-dschingan, August 12, 1897, V. Komarov (No. 492; sterile).
For further collections see Herder, 1. c. and Komarov, 1. c.

This species represents in Asia A. viridis Lamarck & De Candolle.

14. Alnus sinuata Rydberg, var. kamtschatica CaUier apud Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 804 (1906).

Ahuis viridis, var. sibirica Regel in A^ouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII pt. 2,
137 {Monog. Betulac. 79) (pro parte; an includ. lusu kamtschatica 139?)
(1861); in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVlll. pt. 2, 4§2 (pro parte) (1865);
in De CandoUe, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 182 (pro parte) (1868).

BETULACEAE. — ALNUS 505

Alnus sitchensis, var. kamtschatica Callier, apud Schneider, III. Handl. Laub-

holzlc. I. 123 (1904).
Alnus alnobelula, var. fruticosa Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. 1V.-61, 160

(pro parte) (1904).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Kamtchatka (ex Callier).

1 have not seen a specimen of this variety, which needs further investigation.
I suppose that the following species also occurs in Kamtchatka, otherwise the
specimen of C. Wright may belong to this variety,

15. Alnus Maximowiczii Callier apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 122,
fig. 66 k, 67 i-ii (1904).

Alnus viridis, var. sibirica Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 422
(1S65), quoad plantam Japon. ; in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 182 (1S68),
quoad plantam Japon. — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL Jap. 1. 456 (1875) . —
Miyabe in Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. IV. 259 (Fl. Kuril. Isl.) (1890).—
Matsumura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 1 {Rev. Alni Spec. Jap.)
(1902).

Alnus alnobelula, var. fruticosa Winkler in Engler, Pjlanzenr. IV.-Ol, 106
(pro parte) (1904). — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 16 (1912).

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Kamtchatka: Petropavlowski, C. Wright {^o^^ers
and old fruits). Saghalien : without locality, Fr. Schmidt (fruits) ; F. M. Augusti-
nowicz (floweps); " in humidis sylvarum," August 1908, U. Faurie (No. 288; fruits).

JAPAN. Hondo : prov. Shimotsuke, summit of Nantai-san, forming thickets,
May 29, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6788; bush 1.2-1.8 m. tall; not yet flowering,
old fruits); same prov., Chuzenji, alt. 1400 m., lava bed, not common, May 25,
1914, E. H. Wilson (No. Q7 52; bush 3m. tall; flowers); same prov., Onsenga-dake,
Yumoto, woods, alt. 2000-2100 m., June 23, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 0865; tree
7 m. tall, girth 0.6 m.; flowers); prov. Suraga, Fuji-san, alt. 2400-2600 m., October
9, 1S92, P. Codman (fruits) ; same locality, July 29, 1881 (ex Herb. Sci. Coll. Univ.
Jap.; fruits); prov. Shinano, on Tsubakura-dake, side of torrents, not common,
alt. 1200-2200 m., September 13, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7505; bush 3-5 m.
tall; fruits); same prov., on Komaga-dake, alt. 2400 m., August 25, 1906 (ex
Herb. Sakurai); Mt. Ontake, alt. 2700 m., woodlands, thickets, June 12, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 7019; tree 4-8 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.9 m.; flowers); prov.
Ugo, Chokai-san, July 27, 1887, J. Matsumura (fruits); Chokai-san, common,
October 14, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7175; fruits); prov. Rikuchu, Hayachine-
san, upper slopes of forest, common, alt. 1200-1600 m., September 27, 1914, E. H.
Wilson (No. 7556; bush 3-7 m. tall; fruits); prov. Mutsu, Mt. Hakkoda, near
Aomori, alt. 1100 m., common, October 2, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 5-7 m. tall or
shrubby; fruits) ; same locality, forming thickets in the upper slopes of mountains,
July 5, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7098; large bush, 3-6 m. tall, flowers and young
fruits); same locahty, "in apice Hakkoda," August 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5787;
" arbusta prostrata," 0.5 m. tall; fruits); same locality, August 1904, U. Faurie
(No. 7588; fruits). Hokkaido: prov. Shiribeshi, Shiribeshi-san, July 27, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (fruits); prov. Oshima, Onuma-koen, common, swamps, July 26, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 7260; bush 2-4 m. tall, much branched, sometimes small tree;
fruits); Hakodate, 1861, C. Maximowicz (fruits); same locality, June 1, 1905, U.
Faurie (No. 6645; young fruits); same locality, August ? 1905, U. Faurie (No.
6647; young fruits); same place, J. Small (Coliectio Wright; fniits); same prov.,
Komagatake, August 19, 1888, T. Tokubuchi (fruits); prov. Hidaka, August 1892,
T. Tokubuchi (fruits); prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, April 1878 (ex Herb. Sapporo;

506 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

flowers); same place, May 1891, T. Tokubnchi (Rowers). Kurile Islands: Ari-
moi, Etorofu, July 29, 1884, K. Miyabe (fruits).

This is the Alpine Alder of Japan and is common on all the higher mountains
from the Japanese Alps in Shinano province northward. In Hokkaido and in
Saghalien it descends to sea-level. It is always a much branched shrub 1.5 to 5 m.
tall and as much in diameter. E. H. W.

Series b. Firmae Schneider, n. ser. (descriptio in clavi).

16. AInus firma Siebold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt. 3, 230 (Fl.
Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 106) (1846). — Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Xlll.
pt. 2, 142, t. 15, fig. 1-9 (Monog. Betulac. 84) (1861). — K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1,
627 (1872). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 457 (pro parte et exclusa
var.) (1875). — Dippel, Handh. Laubholzk. II. 146, fig. 69 (1892). — Koehne,
Deutsche Dendr. 113 (1893). — CalHer apud Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. I.
123, fig. 66 m, 67 a-a^ (1904). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. 11. t. 12, fig. 1-20
(1908). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hart. I. 253 (1914).

Alnus firma, var. typica Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 423
(1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 183 (pro parte) (1868).

Alnus Sieboldiana Matsumura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 3, t. 1
(Rev. Alni Spec. Jap.) (1902).

Alnus firma, var. Sieboldiana Winkler in Engler, Pfianzenr. IV.-61, 104, fig.
24 D-G (1904). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. IV. 953
(1909). — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 15 (1912). — Bean, Trees &
Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 181 (1914).

JAPAN. Kyushu : open place, lower slopes of Mt. Kirishima, March 6, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 6185; bush or small tree 0.6-3 m. tall; flowers); " haud procul
a vulcano Aso," P. von Siebold (? type; ex Franchet & Savatier) ; without locality,
R. Oldham (fruits) ; island of Yakushima, side of streams, rare, alt. ISO m., February
19, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6029; bush 0.9-1.8 m. tall; undeveloped). Hondo:
prov. Mikawa, on the shore, August 29, 1905, March 16, 1913 (ex Herb. Sakurai;
fruits and flowers); prov. Idzu (ex Herb. Sci. Coll. Univ. Jap.; flowers); Shimoda,
hills. May 17, 1855, C. Wright (a large spreading bush; leaves and old fruits);
prov. Suraga, Mt. Kuno, only by seaside, March 15, 1911 (ex Herb. Sakurai;
flowers, old fruits).

The typical A. firma is a southern plant growing by the seaside, while the fol-
lowing subspecies grows on the mountains and in the more northern parts of Japan.
It seems so closely allied to the type that I cannot separate it as a species.

This is a very common shrub or low scrubby tree in Kyushu and particularly so
on the open exposed slopes of Higashi-Kirishima. A picture of this Alder will be
found under No. xl05 of the collection of my Japanese photographs. E. H. W.

Alnus firma, subspec. hirtella Schneider, n. subspec.
f Betula Alnus Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 76 (non Linnaeus) (1784).
Betula harinoki Siebold in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. XII. 25 (Syn. PI. Oecon.

Jap.) (nomen nudum) (1830).
Alnus firma, var. tT/pica Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 183 (pro parte)

(1868).
Alnus firma, /3 hirtella Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 457 (nomen

nudum) (1875); II. 502 (1879).
Alnus Yasha Matsumura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 4, t. 2 (1902). —

CalHer apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laxibholzk. I. 123, fig. 66 n-nS 67 b-ci

(1904). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. I. 252 (1914).

BETULACEAE. — ALNUS 507

Alnmfirma, var. Ynshn Winkler in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 104 (1904). —
Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. IV. 953, t. 26S, fig. 2
(1909). — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 17 (1912). — Bean, Trees
& Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 180 (1914).

Alnus yasha, var. typica Callier in Fedtle, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 227 (1911);
apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 889 (1912).

Alnus ijasha, var. macrocarpa Callier, 1. c. 227 (1911); 1. c. 889 (1912).

Alnus yasha, var. microcarpa Callier, 1. c. 227 (1911); 1. c. 889 (1912).

Alnus hirtella Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 144 (1913).

JAPAN. Hondo : prov. Suraga, slopes of Fuji-san from alt. 600 m. upwards,
thickets, abundant, May 8, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6345; bush or small tree,
0.9-5 m. tall; flowers and old fruits); same locality, July 29, 1891, K. Watanabe
(fruits); same locality, L. Savatier (No. 1152; type of var. hirtella ex Franchet &
Savatier); prov. Sagami, Hakone mountains, common, April 17, 1914, E. H.
Wilson (No. 6427; tree 8 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.; flowers and old fruits); same
prov., Miyanoshita, August 25, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 7-10 m. tall, fruits);
Shinano prov., on Komaga-dake, August 29, 1880, J. Matsumura (fruits); same
prov., Nagasenka, October 24, 1892, C. S. Sargent (small tree; fruits); same prov.,
on Tsubakura-dake, forming tliickets in beds of streams, September 13, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 7449; slender tree or bush, 3-10 m. tall; fruits); same locality,
September 14, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7452; bush or slender tree, 3-12 m. tallj
girth 0.3-0.45 m.; fruits); same prov., Otake-gawa, mountain slopes, common,
October 31, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7752; small bushy tree, 5-9 m. tall; fruits);
prov. Kozuke, Mt. Asama, July 20, 1880 (ex Herb. Sci. Coll. Univ. Jap.; fruits);
same place, July 1904, U. Faurie (Nos. 5791, 5792; fruits); same prov., Mt.
Myogi, August 12, 1912 (ex Herb. Sakurai; fruits); prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko
region, around Yumoto, common, October 19, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7662;
small tree, 5-8 m. tall, girth 0.3-0.75 m. ; fruits) ; same prov., side of Lake Chuzenji,
not common, October 21, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7674; small tree, 8 m. tall,
girth 0.9 m.; fruits); Nikko to Lake Chuzenji, roadside, October 26, 1905, J. G.
Jack (fruits); prov. Mino, Nojiri to Nakatsu-gawa, September 6, 1905, J. G. Jack
(fruits). Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hakodate, 1861, C. Maximowicz (flowers
and fruits; sub nom. var. multinervis) .

The pubescence of the branchlets and petioles and the somewhat more abim-
dant pubescence of the leaves seem to be the only characters to sej^arate this sub-
species from the type. The bracts of the male flowers are also sometimes ciliate
in the type, and the shape of the leaves is about the same in both fonns, only the
leaves are usually somewhat narrower in subspec. hirtella.

This is a small bushy tree not exceeding 10 m. in height, and verj' common in
woods thi'oughout central Hondo between 500 and 1600 m. altitude. E. H. W.

17. Alnus pendula Matsumura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 6, t. 3
(1902). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 804 (1900). — Rehder in Bailey
Stand. Cycl. Ilort. I. 252 (1914).

Alnus firma, var. multinervis Kegel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2,
423 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 183 (1868). — Winkler in
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-61, 104 (1904). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees
Gr. Brit. & Irel. IV. 952 (1909). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 180
(1915).

Almis firma, var. multinervia Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 457
(1875). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 12, fig. 21-34 (1908).

508 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Alnus mnltinervis Callier apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 123, fig.

66 o, 67 d-d2 (1904).
Alnus multinervis, var. typica Callier, 1. c. (1904).
Alnus multinervis, var. nikkoensis Callier, 1. c. (1904).

JAPAN. Hokkaido : near Mohidsi, C. Mazimowicz (type of var. multinervis,
ex Kegel). Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Mt. Hakkoda, woodlands, thickets, lower
slopes of mountains, July 6, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7114; bush 1.5-3 m. tall,
fruits); same prov., near Aomori, common up to 900 m., October 2, 1892, C. S.
Sargent (tree 7 m. tall; fruits); same locality, April 1902, U. Faurie (No. 5068;
flowers); prov. Echigo, Deyu, August 1, 1886, J. Matsurmira (fruits); prov.
Shinano (Senano), 1834, C. Maximowicz (flowers and fruits); same prov., Mt.
Tokagushi, August 7, 1907 (e.x Herb. Sakurai; fruits); "Nippon media," 1866,
Tschonoski (flowers). For further specimens see Matsumura, 1. c.

A distinct species, well marked by its many-nerved leaves and by its nodding
clusters of small fruits.

LEGUMINOSAE.i

V/ISTARIA.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

Wistaria sinensis Sweet, Hort. Brit. 121 {Wisteria) (1827). —
Dyer in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVII. 329 (1879). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubhohk. II. 78, figs. 46 f-h, 47 b-c (Wisteria) (1907). — Pavolini in
Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 410 (1908).

Glycine sinensis Sims in Bot. Mag. XLVI. t. 2083 (1819). — Edwards in Bot.

Reg. VIII. t. 650 (1822). — Loddiges, Bot. Cab. VIII. t. 773 (1823).—

Fortune, Wanderings in China, 66 (1847).
Wisteria chinensis De Candolle, Prodr. II. 390 (1825). — Sweet, Brit. Fl. Card.

III. t. 211 (1827); Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 157 (1830). — Walpers, Rep. I. 770

(1842). — Fortune, Jour. Tea Count. China, 334-338 (T^'istana) (18.52).—

Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 161 (Wistaria) (pro parte) (1886). —

Harms in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 412 (Wistaria) (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov.

Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 404 (Wistaria) (1910). — Dunn & Tutcher in

Kew Bidl. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 77 (Wistaria) (1912). — Dunn in

Sargent, PI. Wilson. II. 102 (1914). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II.

680 (Wistaria) (1914). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 245 (Wistaria) (1914).
Wistaria Consequana Loudon, Hort. Brit. 315 (1830). — Paxton in Paxton's

Mag. Bot. VII. 127, t. (1840).
Millettia chinensis Bentham in Junghuhn, PI. Junghuhn. 249, in adnot. (1851-

1855).
Wistaria polystachya K. Koch, Dendr. I. 62 (pro parte) (1869). — Dippel,

Handb. Laubhohk. III. 695 (pro parte) (1893). — Kleemann in Gartenfl.

XLVI. 44, fig. 4 (1897). — Beissner, Schelle & Zabel, Handb. Laubholz-

Ben. 269 (pro parte) (1903).
Wistaria brachybotrys Maximowicz in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 9 (Fl. As. Or.

Fragm.) (non Siebold & Zuccarini) (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.

XXIII. 161 (1886), quoad plantam Ningpoensem.
Phaseolodes floribundum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1. 201 (pro parte) (1891).
Kraunhia floribunda Taubert in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfianzenfam. HI.

abt. 3, 271 (pro parte) (1894).
Kraunhia sinensis Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIV. 76 and 297 (1910).
Kraunhia floribunda, /3 sinensis Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXV. 18 (1911).

Western Hupeh: lehang, fairly common on cliffs and trees, alt.
30-500 m., April 1907 (No. 2360; flowers pale purple). Kiangsu:
without locality, E. Faber.

1 See also pp. 87-119.
509

510 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

JAPAN. Hondo : prov. Musashi, grounds of Yokohama Nursery Co., Kamata,
cultivated, April 27, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6579).

This species is endemic in China and is not uncommon at low altitudes in west-
em Hupeh and in eastern Szech'uan, but is very rare in western Szech'uan. It is
much cultivated in gardens at Shanghai, Soo-chou, Han-chou, and other centres of
wealth and culture in eastern China. Fortune says it is a common wild plant on
the island of Chusan and elsewhere in the province of Chekiang, but there is na
record of it growing wild in districts north of Shanghai. In Japan, where it was
unknown as a cultivated plant until quite recently, it has been introduced and
is now cultivated by the Yokohama Nursery Company.

This Chinese Wistaria is closely related to the Japanese W. floribtmda De Can-
dolle, which has been confused with it. However, the Japanese species is readily
distinguished by its more numerous (7-9) paii-s of leaflets, which fall earher in the
autumn, and by its much smaller flowers, which open two to three weeks later.
The Japanese is also much hardier than the Chinese species. In western Hupeh W.
sinensis is colloquially known as " Chiao-teng." A picture will be found under No.
62 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western
China, No. 497.

Wistaria sinensis was first introduced into England by Captain Weflbank in,
1816, and presented to Charles Hampden Turner of Rook's-nest, Surrey. Two years
later it was sent frorh Canton by John Reeves to the Chiswick Garden of the
Horticultural Society of London.

The genus Wistaria is represented in eas-tern Asia by several other species and
garden forms, an account of which follows here.

Wistaria sinensis, f. alba Lindley in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. IV. 221 {W. sinensis:
alba) (1849).

Wistaria sinensis, var. albiflora Lemaire in III. Hort. V. t. 166 (1858). —

Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 78 (1907).
Wisteria chinensis, var. alba Lavallee, Arb. Segrcz. 65 (nomen nudum) (1877). — ■

Bean, Trees & Shriibs Brit. Isl. 681 {Wistaria) (1914).
Wistaria chinensis, var. albifiora Miller in Bailey, Cyd. Am. Hort. IV. 198S

(1902).
Wistaria polystachya alba Beissner, Schelle & Zabel, Handb. Laubholz^Ben.

269 (1903).

According to Wilson (A Naturalist in Western China, 1. 18 [1913]) this albino form
occurs wild near Ichang in western Hupeh. Fortune, who introduced this plant to
the Cliiswick Garden of the Horticultural Society of London in INIay, 1846, first
mentions it in his Wanderings in China, 260 (1847) as a white Glycine.

Wistaria fioribunda De Candolle, Prodr. II. 390 (Wisteria) (1825).

Doliehos polystachios Houttuyn, Pflanzensyst. VIIl. 563, t. 64, fig. 2 (non Lin-
naeus) (1782) exclud. synon. — Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 281 (polystachyos) (1784).

Glycine fioribunda Willdenow, Spec. III. 1Q66 (1800). — Persoon, Syn. 11. 301
(1807).

Doliehos japonicus Sprengel, Syst. Veg. III. 252 (1826).

Doliehos (?) polystachyos Siebold in Ve)'h. Batav. Genoot. XIl. no. 1, 56 {Syn.
PI. Oecon. Jap.) (1830).

Wisteria brachybolrys Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 92, t. 45 (1839). — Spae
in Ann. Soc. Agric. Bot. Gand. III. 49, t. (1847). — Planchon in Fl. des Sevres,
IX. 61, t. 880 (Wistaria) (1853). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 44
(Wistaria brachybotrya) (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 232 (1867). — Tanaka, Useful

i

LEGUMINOSAE . — WISTARIA 511

PI. Jap. 42, 70, fig. 334 (1891); 91, fig. 334 (1895). — Schneider, III. Handb.

Lauhholzk. II. 79, figs. 47 f., 48 q-s (1907). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit.

Isl. II. 680 (Wistaria) (1913).
Wistaria polystachyn K. Koch, Dendr. I. 62 (pro parte) (1869). — Dippel,

Handb. Laubholzk. III. 695 (pro parte) (1893). — Beissner, Schelle & Zabel,

Handb. Lauhholz-Ben. 269 (pro parte) (1903).
Phaseolodes brachybotrys O. Kimtze, Rev. Gen. I. 201 (1891).
Kraimhia brachybotrys Green, Pittonia, II. 175 (1892).
Kraxmhia floribunda Taubert in Engler & Prantl, N^at. Pflanzenfam. III.

abt. 3, 271 (pro parte) (1894). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 32,

figs. 12-24 (1908). — Hayata, Vegetation ML Fuji, 60 (1911).
Wistaria chinensis Matsumnra, List PI. Nikko, 51 (non DeCandolle) (1894). —

Tanaka, Useful PL Jap. 152, No. 011^ (1895).
Milletia floribunda Matsumura in Tokyo BoL Mag. XVI. 64 (1902) ; Ind. PI.

Jap. II. pt. 2, 270 (1912).
Wistaria brackijbotrys, var. rubra, Hort. apud Miller in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort.

IV. 1989 (1902).
Kraimhia sinensis, var. brachybotrys Makino in Tokyo BoL Mag. XXIV. 76

(1910).
Kraimhia sinensis, var. floribunda Makino, 298, 1. c. (pro parte) (1910).
Kraunhia floribunda, a typica Makino, 1. c. XXV. 17 (pro parte) (1911).
Kraunhia floribunda, y brachybotrys Makino, 1. c. 18 (1911).

JAPAN. Shikoku: prov. Awa, April 1913, Nikai. Hondo: prov. Mino,
Nakatsugawa, September 6, 1905, J. G. Jack; prov. Kai, slopes of Yatsuga-dake,
September 17, 19i4, E. H. Wilson (No. 7532); prov. Sagami, Kamakura, thickets,
May 2 and 8, 1914, E. H. Wilson (Nos. 6620, 6620^); prov. Musashi, Mt. Mitake,
May 27, 1912, K. Sakurai; prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko, thickets, side of streams,
May 16, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6677); prov. Rikuchu, Hayacliine-san, woods,
June 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6923).

This Wistaria is endemic in Japan, and it is common on the margins of woods,
in thickets and by the sides of streams and lakes from northern Hondo southward.
It is much cultivated in temple grounds, parks, and gardens where several distinct
forms have originated. The young leaves are densely clothed with straight ap-
pressed hairs which soon disappear, and the adult leaves are quite glabrous. This
species is closely related to W. sinensis Sweet, which has much larger flowers and
fewer (5 to 7) pairs of leaflets and which blossoms fully two weeks earlier and is not
so hardy a plant.

Willdenow's name is founded on Thunberg's plant, and there is no valid reason
why it should not be accepted for the wild Wistaria of Japan. Thunberg says " ra-
cemis longissimis," but it must be remembered that he was contrasting it with
species of the genus Dolichos, and further on in the description he says the racemes
are often a foot long. As a matter of fact, on wild specimens before us the racemes
vary in length from 10 to 35 cm. Houttuyn's figure, which is probably based on
a specimen of Thunberg's, is very good. Siebold & Zuccarini's W. brachybotrys
has been a source of difficulty to botanists and horticulturists alike, but the plant
so named is certainly merely a state of the wild Japanese Wistaria. Such short
racemes occur occasionally in tho'Spring, but are much more common in late summer,
when some plants often hear a sparse second crop of flowers.

The vernacular name given by Siebold & Zuccarini means Mountain or Wild
Wistaria and is still in common use in Japan.

According to Spae this Wistaria was introduced from Japan to the Botanic
Gardens at Ghent by Siebold in 1830. It and its variety macrobotrys were intro-

512 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

diiced to the United States of America from Japan in March 1882, by Dr. G. R.
Hall to the nursery of Samuel Parsons, Flushing, Long Island, N. Y.

A picture of this plant will be found under No. x222 of the collection of Wilson's
Japanese photographs.

Wistaria floribunda, f. alba Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Wistaria multijuga, var. alba, Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1891, 421, fig. 109. —

Miller in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. IV. 19S9 (1902). — Schneider, III. Handb.

Laubholzk. II. 77 {Wisteria) (1907). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II.

683, fig. (1914).
Wistaria polystachya multijuga alba Zabel in Beissner, Schelle & Zabel, Handb.

Laubhoh-Ben. 269 (1903).
Kraunhia sinensis, var. albiflora Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIV. 299 (1910).
Kraunhia floribunda, a typica, forma albiflora Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXV.

18 (1911).

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, grounds of Yokohama Nursery Co., Kamata,
cultivated, April 27, May 21, 1914, E. H. Wilson (Nos. 6581, 6672).

The racemes of this white flowered form are from 30 to 60 cm. long and the
flowers are fragrant. It is commonly cultivated in Japan.

A picture of this plant will be found under No. x243 of the collection of Wilson's
Japanese photographs.

Wistaria floribunda, f. rosea Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.
Wistaria ■polystachya midtijuga rosea Hort. apud Beissner, Schelle & Zabel,

Handb. Laubholz-Ben. 269 (1903).
Wistaria multijuga, var. rosea Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 683 (1914).

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, grounds of Yokohama Nursery Co., Ka-
mata, cultivated, April 27, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6578); Hatogaya, cultivated,
April 29, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6582).

This pleasing form has pale pink flowers in which the tip of the keel and of the
wings is purple. The racemes are from 30 to 45 cm. long. A picture of this plant
willlae found under No. x219 of the collection of Wilson's Japanese photographs.

Wistaria floribunda, f. variegata Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.

Wistaria chinensis, var. variegata Nicholson, Diet. Gardening, IV. 214 (1889). —
Miller in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. IV. 1988 (1902). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. II. 78 {Wisteria) (1907).

Wistaria chinensis, var. foliis variegatis Nicholson in Kew Hand-List Trees &
Shrubs, ed. 2, 183 (1902). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 681 (1914).

Wistaria polystachya variegata Zabel in Beissner, Schelle & Zabel, Handb. Laub-
holz-Ben. 269 (1903).

This plant was introduced from Japan to the nurseries of Samuel Parsons, Flush-
ing, Long Island, N. Y., by Dr. G. R. Hall, in March 1862 (see Horticultunst, XVII.
186 [1862]).

Wistaria floribunda, f. violaceo-plena Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.
Wistaria sinensis flore pleno Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1878, 260; 1887, 564, t. —

Goldring in Garden, XVII. 105, fig. (1880). — Moore in Flor. & Pomol. 1882,

33, t. 557.
Wistaria Chinensis, var. fiore-pleno Miller in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. IV. 1988

(1902). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 681 (1914).
Wisteria sinensis, var. violaceo-plena Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 78

(1907).

LEGUMINOSAE. — WISTARIA 513

Kraunhia sinensis, var. pleniflora Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIV. 299

(1910).
Kraunhia florihunda, a typica, forma pleniflora Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag.

XXV. 18 (1911).

This double-flowered form of the type is occasionally cultivated in Japan. It
was first introduced to western gardens by Dr. G. R. Hall, who sent it from Japan
to Francis Parkman, Jamaica Plain, Boston, Mass., in 1861 through Mr. F. Gordon
Dexter. A year or so later it was also sent from Japan by Mr. Thomas Hogg.
The first note on this plant we have found appears in Gard. Chron. 1871, 7, and the
first figure is given in Garden, II. 51 (1872), taken from Hearth & Home.

A form with double white flowers is mentioned by Dippel {Handb. Lanhholzk.
III. 696 [1893]) under the name W. polystachya fl. albo-pleno and by Miller (in
Bailey, Cijcl. Am. Hort. IV. 1988 [1902]) and by Bean {Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl.
II. 681 [1914]) as W. chinensis, var. alba plena. As Dippel does not mention the
form with violet double flowers, it is possible that he assumed that the double-
flowered form had white flowers, but according to information received from Mr.
Bean there is now a Wistaria with double white flowers in cultivation in Eng-
land introduced from Japan, wliich, however, cannot be referred to W . floribunda.

Wistaria floribunda, f. macrobotrys Rehder & Wilson, n. comb.
Wisteria sinensis Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 90, t. 44 (non Sweet) (1839).
Wistaria chinensis Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. HI. 44 (non De Candolle)

(1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 232 (1867). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL Jap.

I. 98 (1875). — Tanaka, Useful PL Jap. 69, fig. 611, (1891).
Wistaria inacrobotrys Siebold apud Neubert in Deutsch. Mag. Gart.-Blumenk.

1870, 16, t.
Wistaria multij^^ga Van Houtte in FL des Serres, XIX. 127, t. 2002 (1873). —

Carriere in Rev. HorL 1891, 175, figs. 44-46. — Schneider, UL Handb.

Laubholzk. II. 77, figs. 46 i-pS 47 d-e {Wisteria) (1907). — Bean, Trees &

Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 682 (1914).
Wisteria chinensis, var. macrobotrys Lavallee, Arb. Segrez. 65 (1877). — Nichol-
son, Diet Gardening, IV. 214 {Wistaria) (1889).
Wisteria grandiflora Hort. ex Lavallee, Arb. Segrez. 65 (pro synon.) (1877).
Kraunhia chinensis Green, Pittonia, II. 175 (1892).
Wistaria chinensis "var." Tanaka, Useful PL Jap. 152, fig. 611 (1895).
Wistaria chinensis, var. multijuga Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. CXXlll. t. 7522

(pro parte) (1897).
Wistaria polystachya multijuga Hort. Siebold apud Zabel in Beissner, Schelle

& Zabel, Handb. Laubholz.-Ben. 269 (1903).
Kraunhia sinensis, var. floribunda Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIV. 298

(pro parte) (1910).
Kraunhia floribunda, a typica Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXV. 17 (pro parte)

(1911).

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, grounds of the Yokohama Nursery Co.,
Kamata, May 21, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6671; racemes 56 inches long); prov.
Shimosa, Kasukabe, cultivated, May 15, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6691; racemes
1.6 m. long).

This form differs from the type in its phenomenally long racemes, although under
cultivation in the Occident there is no record of the racemes equaling in length
those produced in Japan. In Tokyo this Wistaria is commonly cultivated and
some fine specimens may be seen. In the garden of Mr. Tokoen at Kasukabe there

514 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA '

is a magnificent specimen which is said to be a thousand years old and which covers
an arbor of latticed bamboo one-sixth of an acre in extent.

Pictures of this plant %vill be found under Nos. x221, x228, x230, x240, x241 of
the collection of Wilson's Japanese photographs.

Wistaria venusta Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.
?Wi''<trria chincnsis Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, II. 94

{Enum. PL Chin. Bor. 20) (non De Candolle) (1833). — Turczaninow in

Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. X. No. VII. 151 (1837). — Maximowicz in Mem.

Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 471 (Prim. Fl. Amur. Suppl.)

(1859). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 638 {Fl. Mansh. II)

{Wistaria) (1904), exclud. synon. pluribus.
f Wistaria brachyboirys Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 161 (non Siebold

& Zuccarini) (1886), quoad plantam Pekinensem.
Millctia floribunda, var. brachybotrys IVIatsumura in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVI. 64

(1902); Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 270 (1912).
Wistaria brachybotrys, var. alba Miller in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. 1989 (1902).
Kraunhia sinensis, var. brachybotrys, forma albiflora Makino in Tokyo Bot.

Mag. XXIV. 77 (1910).
Kraunhia floribunda, y brachybotrys, forma albiflora Makino in Tokyo Bot.

Mag. XXV. 18 (1911).

Frutex volubiUs, 2-10 m. altus; ramuli juveniles adpresse flavescenti- v. cinereo-
pubescentia, demum glabri. Folia decidua, 4-6-, plerumque 5-juga, petiolo incluso
18-35 cm. longa et 10-15 cm. lata; foliola oblongo-lanceolata v. elliptico-oblonga,
V. ovato-oblonga breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. subcordata v. truncata, ter-
minale basi saepe late cuneatum, Integra, 6-10 cm. longa et 2.5-5 cm. lata, utrinque
plus minusve, supra sparsius, subtus ad venas densius adpresse villosa, nervis utrin-
secus 6-10 arcuatis subtus ut costa elevatis; petioluli 3-4 mm. longi, dense villosi;
petioli subteretes, 4-10 cm. longi ut rhachis dense adpresse villosi. Racemi penduli,
pedunculo brevi incluso 10-15 cm. longi; rhachis dense adpresse cinereo-villosa; ,
pedicelli fere sub angulo recto patentes, 1.5-3.5, plerumque 2.5-3 cm. longi; calyx
membranaceous, fere cupuliformis, circiter 4.5 mm. altus et 8-10 nmi. diam.,
leviter bilabiatus, lobo antico dentibus 3 subulatis, dente medio 2-2.5 mm. longo,
alteralibus 1-1.5 mm. longis, lobo postico truncate obsolete emarginato; corolla
alba, vexillo suborbiculari 2-2.5 cm. diam. apice truncate basi auriculato, ungui-
culo 5 mm. longo, alls oblongis unguiculo 4-5 mm. longo inclusis 1.7-2 cm. longis
et 9-10 mm. latis, rotundatis, basi auriculatis, carina alis breviore petahs oblongis
apice fere truncatis; stamina glabra, 2 cm. longa; ovarium compressum breviter
velutinum, stylo adscendente glabro. Legumen compressum, dense velutinum.

JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, cultivated. Iris Garden, Kamata, April 27,
1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6580, type; flowers); Tokyo, cultivated, H. Sakurai's
garden, May 21, 1913 (ex Herb. K. Sakurai); prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko, temple
grounds, cultivated. May 7 and May 18, 1914, E. H. Wilson (Nos. 6580% 6714);
prov. Yamata, Nara Park, cultivated, December 4, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7852,
mature leaves, co-t}T)e).

CHINA. Chili: " Ying-tan-ko," September 12, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1299;
"among high scrub, apparently genuinely wild ")•

This new species whose identity has so long been obscured is the most dis-
tinct of the four Wistarias of Eastern Asia. It is characterized by the per-
sistent velvety pubescence on both surfaces of the leaves, by its short, very broad
racemes, its long, stout, nearly horizontally spreading pedicels, by its very large
flowers, and by the subulate anterior teeth of the calyx. We have made the

LEGUMINOSAE. — WISTARIA 515

Japanese cultivated plant the type, and the only fruit of this we have seen is only
8 cm. long. This we do not think, however, is nonual. Meyer's specimens from
China are in fruit, and the legumes are 16 to 22 cm. long. The leaflets, though
of the same shape, are rather smaller and less pubescent on the upper surface.
Nevertheless we feel confident that they belong to our new species, and in all prob-
ability the habitat of this plant is northeast China, southern Mandshuria, and
possibly Korea.

Brctschneider (Hist. Europ. Bot. Discov. China, 20 [1898]) says that Dominicus
Parennin, a Frenchman who went to China in 1G98, and who died at Peking in 1741,
traveled in southern IMongolia and Mandshuria on the hunting expeditions of the
Emperor Kanghi. Parennin in letters gave a slight sketch of the botany of those
regions, and in one letter he mentions a " climbing plant," "Teng-lo," with beautiful
violet flowers hanging down in large bunches." We strongly suspect that this is
the wild type of our W. venusta and that Meyer's specimens belong to it.

In Japan it is here and there cultivated in temple grounds under the name of
Shira-fudzi (White Wistaria) and in Japanese nurseries as " Wistaria sinensis, var.
brachybotrys " and as " W. brachybotrys." Under one or other of these names this
plant has been introduced to North America and to Europe and is mentioned by
Bean (Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 680 [1914]) under W. brachybotrys Siebold, as a
doubtful albino form. From the vernacular name given (Siroo-koo Fudsi) it is
probable that the plant referred to W. brachybotrys by Franchet & Savatier (E?ium,
PI. Jap. 1. 98 [1875]) belongs here.

A picture of this plant will be found under No. x210 of the collection of Wilson's
Japanese photographs.

Wistaria japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 88, t. 43 (Wisteria) (1839). —
Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 98 (1875). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. II. 75, figs. 46 a-e, 47 a (Wisteria) (1907).

Millctia japonica Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. VI. 386 (Bot. Jap.) (1859). —
Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 44 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 232 (1867).—
Tanaka, Usefid PI. Jap. t. 610 (1891). — Matsumura in Tokyo Bot. Mag.
XVI. 64 (1902); Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 271 (1913).

Phaseolodes japonicum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. I. 201 (1891).

Kraunhia japonica Taubert in Engler & Prantl, Pjlanzenfam. III. abt. 3, 271
(1894). — Hayata, Vegetation Mt. Fuji, 60 (1911).

JAPAN. Shikoku: prov. Tosa, thickets, alt. 1000 m., November 23, 1914,
E. H. Wilson (No. 7796). Hondo: prov. Musashi, Botanic Garden, Tokyo, cul-
tivated August 30, 1892, C. S. Sargent.

NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Fusan, temple grounds, September 6,
1903, C. S. Sargent.

Wisteria dubia Walpers (in Leop.-Carol. Akad. Naturf. Verh. XIX. suppl. 1, 324
[1843]; Rep. V. 536 [1845-46]), described as having sohtary, axillary subsessile
flowers, is an obscure plant, which certainly docs not belong to the genus Wistaria.

EUPHORBIACEAE.

Determined by J. Hutchinson.

ANDRACHNE L.

Andrachne capillipes Hutchinson, n. comb.

Andrachne cordifolia Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 420 (non Miiller

Arg.) (1894).
Flueggea capillipes Pax in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 427 (1900).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, roadsides, alt. 500 m,, May 1907 (No.
3205; shrub 0.6-1 m.). Western Szech'uan: Nanch'uan, A. von
Rosthorn (Nos. 2250, 2253).

A. capillipes is very similar in general appearance to A. cordifolia, Miill. Arg.,
from India, but differs markedly in the female calyx which is much smaller in
our plant and not enlarged and foliaceous in the fruiting stage; the female pedi-
cels in tlie Indian plant are usually longer.

Pax places this species in Flueggea which has apetalous flowers, but the examina-
tion of the flowers of von Rosthorn's Nos. 2250 and 2253 shows the presence of oblong
petals about half as long as the sepals. The latter are in the pistillate flower some-
times, but not always, acute or mucronulate. Von Ptosthorn's specimens agree per-
fectly with those collected by Wilson, and there can be no doubt of their identity.

Andrachne capillipes, var. pubescens Hutchinson, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis subtus crispato-pubescentia.

Western Hupeh: Ichang, ravines, alt. 500 m., May 1907 (No.
3539, in part; bush 1 m. tall, flowers greenish yellow); Hsing-shan
Hsien, ravines and roadsides, alt. 300-900 m., May 1907 (No. 3539, in
part; bush 0.6 m. tall, flowers greenish).

This variety differs from the type only in its leaves being pubescent beneath.
Pax in his description mentions both forms, but from the fact that he enumerates
the glabrous specimens first, it may be assumed that he considers the glabrous form
the typical one.

Andrachne hirsuta Hutchinson, n. sp.

Frutex gracilis, 0.75-2 m. altus; ramuli patuli, foliosi, leviter flexu-
osi, graciles, paulum angulares, parce vel subdense pilosi. Folia lan-
ceolata v. ovato-lanceolata, subacute acuminata, basi obtusissima v.
rotundata, 2-3.5 cm. longa, 0.7 -1.5 cm. lata, chartacea, supra leviter,
infra dense adpresse pubescentia; nervi laterales utrinsecus 4-5, supra

516

1

ETJPHORBIACEAE. — ANDRACHNE 517

frequenter impressi, infra prominentes et conspicuc straminei; petioli
2-5 mm. longi, pilosi; stipulae subulato-lanceolatac, parvae, parce pu-
bescentes. Flores monoici, axillares, solitarii vel plerumque masculi
et foeminei geminati. Flores masculi: pedicelli gracillimi, 6-8 mm.
longi, glabri v. parce pubescentes; sepala 5, obovata, apice rotundata,
3 mm. longa, 1.5 mm. lata, submembranacea, conspicue nervosa, extra
longe pilosa, intra glabra; petala sepalis dimidio breviora, spathulato-
obovata, hyalina, glabra; discus profunde 10-lobatus, membranaceus,
glaber, lobis oblongis obtusis 1 mm. longis; stamina 5; filamenta libera,
petalis pauUo longiora, glabra; antherae rotundatae, 0.45 mm. latae;
ovarium rudimentarium inconspicuum, profunde trilobum, lobis sub-
filiformibus glabris. Flores foeminei: pedicelli ut in floribus masculis
sed demum longiores, fructiferi usque ad 1.5 cm. longi; sepala 5, rotun-
dato-obovata, 2.5 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, extra adpresse pubescentia,
viridia; petala minuta, 0.25 mm. longa, glabra; discus glaber, patelli-
formis, ad medium 10-lobatus, lobis ovato-oblongis subcarnosis glabris;
ovarium ovoideo-globosum, obscure trilobum inferne pilosum; styli
liberi, erecti, demum patuli, 0.4 mm. longi, profunde bilobi, lobis apice
incrassatis rugulosis. Fructum seminaque non visi.

We'stern Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Niu-tou-shan, in thick-
ets, alt. 1300 m., June 1908 (No. 3204; 0.7-2 m. high, flowers white);
without locality, roadsides, alt. 2200 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped.
No. 4453).

This is a very distinct species, characterized by its lanceolate acutely acuminate,
very hairy leaves and long-pilose calyx-segments.

Here is added the description of a new species not colllected during the Arnold
Arboretum Expeditions.

Andrachae montana Hutchinson, n. sp.

Frutex 1.25 m. altus; ramuli elongati, foHosi, glabri. FoHa lanceolata v. elliptico-
lanceolata, utrinque obtusa, 1.5-5 cm. longa, 1-2 cm. lata, tenuiter chartacea v.
firme membranacea, utrinque glabra; nervi lat(!rales utrinsecus 4-5, graciles, supra
interdum paullo impressi, infra prominuli; petioli 3-4 mm. longi, graciles; stipulae
minutae. Flores monoici, axillares, fasciculati v. brevissime racemosi. Flores
masculi: pedicelli capillares, 1 cm. longi, glabri; sepala 5, obovato-elliptica, apice
rotundata, 2 mm. longa, venosa, glabra; petala sepalis dimidio breviora, obovato-
cuneata, obscure dentata, 0.75 mm. lata, glabra; discus profunde 10-lobatus,
glaber, lobis oblongis obtusis; stamina 5; filamenta libera, glabra; antherae rotun-
datae, 0.35 mm. longae; ovarium rudimentarium parvum, trilobatum glabrum.
Flores foeminei: pedicelli demum 1 cm. longi, ad apicem incrassati; sepala inae-
qualia, duobus quam ceteris majoribus, orbicularia, 1.25-2 mm. diamctro, glabra;
petala minutissima; discus irrcgularitcr lobatus, glaber; ovarium glabrum; styli
patuli, ad basin lobati, stigmatibus parvis cai)itatis. Fructus maturus non visus.

Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veitch E.xped. No. 5173, tj-pe);
1600 m., Dec. 1887, Faber (No. 4).

518 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This species may be at once recognized by its obtuse leaves and shortly racemose
or fasciculate axillary inflorescences.

SAUROPUS Bl.

Sauropus albicans Blume, Bijdr. 596 (1825). — Baillon, £tude Gen.
Euphorb. 635, t. 27, fig. 19, 20 (1858). — MuUer Arg. in De Candolle,
Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 240 (1866). — Hooker f., Fl Brit. Ind. V. 332
(1887). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 420 (1891).

Western Szech'uan: Hungya Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000 m.,
September 1908 (No. 2436; shrub 1-1.25 m. high; flowers white);
Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veiteh Exped. No. 5772; shrub 3 m. high).

GLOCHIDION Forst.

Glochidion puberum Hutchinson, n. comb.

Agyneia pubera Linnaeus, Mant. II. 296 (1771).

Agyneia impubes Linnaeus, 1. c.

Bradleia sinica Gaertner, Fruct. II. 127, t. 109, fig. 1 (1791).

Glochidion sinicum Hooker et Amott, Bat. Voy. Beechey, 210 (1836). — Bentham,

Fl. Hongk. 314 (1861).
Phyllanthus puberus Muller Arg. in Flora, XLVIII. 387 (1865) ; in De Candolle,

Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 307 (1866), excl. var. a Fortunei.
Glochidion obscurum Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 425 (non Blume)

(1894).

Kiangsi : Kuhng, common on roadside, up to 650 m., Aug. 1, 1907
(No. 1599; shrub 0.7-1.5 m. high). Western Hupeh :Ichang, com-
mon up to 450 m., June and September 1907 (No. 2434; shrub 1 m.
high; flowers whitish, fruit bright scarlet). Western Szech'uan:
without precise locahty, 600 m., June 1903 (Veiteh Exped. No. 4446).
Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor.

Readily distinguished from G. obscurum Blume (Phyllanthus obscurus Willdenow)
from India and the Malay Archipelago, with which it has hitherto been associated,
by the shortly stalked depressed-globose many-lobed capsules. In Blume's species
the capsules are long-stalked and ovoid-elUpsoid in shape and scarcely or not at all
lobed.

Glochidion Wilsonii Hutchinson, n. sp.

Frutex usque ad 3 m. altus; rami angulares v. costati, sicco brunnei,
glabri; ramuli erecto-patentes, graciles, glabri. Folia oblique lanceo-
lata, apice acuta v. breviter acuminata, basi obtusa v. cuneato-obtusa,
3-8 cm. longa, 1.5-3 cm. lata, tenuiter chartacea, glabra, infra glau-
cescentia; costa media utrinque elevata, infra prominens, ad apicem
laminae sensim angustata, infra straminea; nervi laterales utrinsecus

EUPHORBIACEAE. — PHYLLANTHUS 519

5-6, arcuati, prope marginem elongato-conjuncti, infra prominentes;
venae laxe reticulatae, plerumque distinctae; petioli 3-4 mm. longi,
minutissime puberuli v. fere glabri; stipulae e basi triangular! lata
subulatae, 2-2.5 mm. longae, extra glabrae, intra parce puberulae.
Flores virides, monoici, axillares, fascieulati, masculi in ramulorum
parte inferiore, foeminei in parte superiore plerumque dispositi. Flores
masculi longe pedicellati; pedicelli graciles, usque ad 0.8 cm. longi,
glabri; sepala G, oblonga v. oblongo-oblanceolata, obtusa, 2.5-3 mm.
longa, circiter 1 mm. lata, carnoso-coriacea, margine angustissime
hyalina, glabra; stamina 3; antherae subsessiles, apiculatae, sepalis
dimidio breviores. Flores foeminei breviter pedicellati; sepala 6,
oblonga, obtusa, 2.5 mm. longa, coriacea, glabra; ovarium multilo-
culare, lobulatum, glabrum; columna stylorum ovario aequilata et
similariter lobulata. Capsula depresso-globosa, multilobulata, cir-
citer 1.5 cm. diametro, sicco brunnea, glabra, basi sepalis persistentibus
induratis instructa, exocarpio submembranaceo, endocarpio flavescente
tenuiter coriaceo. Semina subtriquetra, dorso rotundata, 4.5 mm.
longa, nitida, rubra.

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, sides of streams, alt. 650 m.,
May 1907 (No. 2435, ^ and 9 flowers; without precise locality, June
1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1102; fruit). Kiangsi: ifeuling, abundant
in thickets, 1300 m., August 1907 (No. 1600, flowers and fruit; shrub
2-3 m. high, flowers greenish).

This species is very similar to G. lanceolarium Dalzell, but differs from it in having
smaller male flowers with only 3 stamens; the styles are also much larger than those
of that species, and on this account our plant should be placed near G. sphaerogynum
Kurz; the large calyx-lobes of the female flowers and the much lobulate column
of the style serve to distinguish it from that species.

PHYLLANTHUS L.

Phyllanthus flejcuosus Miiller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 2,
324 (1866). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 421 (1894).

Cicca flexuosa Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. II. 143 {Fl.

Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 35) (1S4.5).
Hemickca japonica Baillon, tltudeGen. Euphorh. 646 (18.58).
PhyUmdhus jnponicus IMiiller Arg. in Linmiea, XXXII. 52 (1863).
Glochidion jlcxuosum Miiller Arg. apud Miquel in Ann. Mas. Lugd.-Bat. III.

128 (1867). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. 1. 426 (1875).

Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907 (No. 1575;
bush 1-2.5 m. tall). Western Hupeh: Ichang, hillsides, up to 950

520 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

m., August 1907 (No. 3208; bush 2-3 m. high, flowers and fruit);
glens around Ichang, 90-650 m., May and June 1907 (No. 3540; busb
2-3 m. high; fruits black).

Phyllanthus glaucus Wallich apud Muller Arg. in Linnaea, XXXII. 14 (1863),
— Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 228 (1887).— Hemsley in Jowr. Linn. Soe. XXVI.
421 (1894).

Phyllanthus fluggeijormis, Miiller Arg. in De CandoUe, Prodr. XV. pt. ^, 34©
(1866).

Chekiang: Vicinity of Ningpo, 19(^, D. Macgregor.

SECURINEGA Juss.

Sectirinega fliuggeoides Muller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt.
2, 450 (1866). — Hemsley in J(mr. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 426 (1894).

Securinega japonica Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 128 (1867). — Fran-
chet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 425 (1875).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, glens and rocky places, up to 950 m.^
June 1907 (No. 3206; bush 2-3 m. high, flowers greenish).

FLTJGGEA Willd.

Fluggea leucopyrus Willdenow, Spec. TV. 757 (1805). — A. de
Jussieu, Euphorb. Tent. 106, t. 2, fig. 7A (1824). — Wight, Icon. 1. 1875
(1852).— Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeylan. 281 (1864). — Hooker f., FL
Brit. Ind, V. 328 (1887).

XylophyUa Lucena Roth, Nov. Spec. 185 (1821).

Fluggea xerocarpa A. de Jussieu, Euphorb . Tent. t. 2, fig. 7B (1824).

Phyllanthus Leucopyrus Koenig apud Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 658 (1832).

Phyllanthus albicans Wallieh, Cat. 7937 (nomen nudum) (1847).

Fluggea Wallichiana Baillon, Etude Gen. Euphorb. 592 (1858).

Fluggea virosa Dalzell & Gibson, Bombay Fl. 236 (1861).

Securinega Leucopyrus Muller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 451
(1866). — Brandig, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 456, t. 54, partim (1874). — Bed-
dome, Fl. Sylv. S. Ind. II. For. Man. p. cxcvu, t. 24, fig. 4 and 1-6 (1874).—
Gamble, Man. hid. Timb. 354 (1881).

Securinega virosa Baillon in Adansonia, VI. 334 (1866).

Cicca Leucopyrus Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 353 (1877).

Phyllanthus Lucena Heyne ex Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. (pro synon.) (1887).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, cliffs, Wushan gorge, March 24j,
1908 (No. 3335; 3336; bush 0.6-1.5 m., flowers yellow); same local-
ity, March 1904 (Veitch. Exped. No. 3344; bush 1 m.); without lo-
cahty. March 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 412'').

EUPHORBIACEAE. — DAPHNIPHYLLUM 521

BISCHOFIA Bl.

Biscliofia javanica Blume, S?^'(ir. 11G8 (1825). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk.
316 (1861). — Miiller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 478
(1866). — Hooker f., FL Brit. Ind. V. 345 (1887). — Hemsley in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 428 (1894).

Andrachne trifoliata Roxburgh, Hort. Bengal. 70 (nomen nudum) (1814); Fl.

Ind. ed. 2, III. 728 (1832).
Stylodiscus trifoliatus Bennett, PI. Jav. Rar. 133, t. 29 (1840).
Bischofia oblongifolia Decaisne in Jacquemont, Voij. IV. 152, t. 154 (1844).
Bischofia trifoliata Hooker in Hooker's Icon. IX. t. 844 (1852).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, roadsides, 30-300 m., April
1907 (No. 3402; tree 13-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-2 m., male and female
flowers and young fruits) ; south of Ichang, alt. 500 m., October 1901
(Veitch Exped. No. 2431; tree 10 m. tall).

This is a rather rare tree in Hupeh and Szech'uan, where it is found only at low
altitudes and is colloquially knowTi as the Wu-yang. It grows to a moderately
large size and has normally a rounded head; the trunk is straight and is clothed
with gray fissured bark; the wood is soft and of no value. The fruit of our speci-
mens is smaller than on specimens from tropical Asia. Pictures of this tree will
be found under Nos. 33, 454 of the collection of my photographs and also in my
Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 140, 141. ' E. H. W.

DAPHNIPHYLLUM Bl.

Daphniphyllum angustifolium Hutchinson, n. sp.

Frutex 2-2.5 m. altus; ramuli satis robusti, cortice glabro fusco ob-
tecti; gemmae axillares oblongo-cylindricae, circiter 0.8 cm. longae,
squamis late ovatis coriaceis glabris indutae. Folia anguste oblongo-
lanceolata, apice triangulari-acuta, ad basin sensim et breviter angust-
ata, 12-16 cm. longa, 3-4 cm. lata, firme chartacea v. subcoriacea,
Integra, supra sicco brunneo-viridia, infra leviter glaucescentia, cost a
utrinque elevata, infra straminea et valde prominens, basi circiter 2.5
mm. lata, ad laminae apicem sensim angustata; nervi laterales utrin-
secus 14-16, a costa sub angulo lato divergentes, utrinque aequaliter
prominuli, flexuosi, intra marginem circiter 0.5 cm. furcati, conjuncti;
venae utrinque vix evidentes; petioli 2-2.5 cm. longi, 2.5 mm. crassi,
minutissime verruculosi, ceterum glabri. Flores non visi. Infructes-
centiae juniores axillares, racemosae, 2.5 cm. longae, 7-8-florae; rhachis
robustus, conspicue flexuosus, longi tudinaliter verrucosus; pcdicelli
robusti, 3-4 mm. longi, glabri. Fructus juniores oblique ellipsoidei,

522 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

5-6 mm. longi, conspicue coeruleo-glauci; stylus non visus, mox
deciduus.

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, abundant in woods, alt. 1800-2400
m., May 19, 1907 (No. 2959, type); Changyang Hsien, woods, alt.
1600-2300 m., June 1907 (No. 3727'') •

Onlj' specimens with young fruits of this species have been collected. It is readily
distinguished, however, from all the other species of Dnphniphyllum by its narrow
leaves, short inflorescences and short stout pedicels. The " bloom " on the young
dried fruits is very conspicuous.

A much branched shrub with shining green leaves and very abundant as under-
growth in the woods and forests of western Hupeh. E. H. W.

Daphniphyllmn glaucescens Blume, Bijdr. 1153 (1825). — Miiller
Arg. in De Candolle Prodr. XVI. pt. 1, 3 (1869). — Franchet & Sava-
tier, Enum. PL Jap. I. 427 (1875); II. 488 (1887). — Hance in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XIII. 120 (1873). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 353
(1887). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 429 (1894). — Maxim-
owicz in Bot. Jahrh. VI. 59 (1885).

Daphniphyllum Roxburgkii Baillon, Etude Gen. Euphorh. 565 (1858), excl.

syn. Roxburghii. — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 316 (1861).
Goughia neilgherrensis Wight, Icon. PI. Ind. Orient. 22, t. 1878-9 (1852).—

Bentham in Hooker's Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard Misc. VI. 8 (1854).

Western Hupeh : Changyang Hsien, abundant in woods, alt. 950-
2300 m., May and June 1907 (Nos. 2960, 3727; bush 3 m. high).

Daphniphyllum macropodum Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III.
129 (1867). — Muller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 1, 5
(1869). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 429 (18)94.

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1200-1600 m.,
September 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 20, fruit). Eastern Sze-
ch'uan: Wushan Hsien, woods, 1200-1800 m., July 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 20, flowers; tree 6 m. tall). Western Szech'uan: Mu-
pin, thickets, alt. 1000 m., November 1908 (No. 3552; tree 8 m. tall,
girth 0.3-1 m.); Mt. Omei, October 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5174;
tree 6 m. tall).

This small tree is common in moist woods of western Hupeh and Szech'uan.

Here are added two genera not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expe-
ditions.

ANTIDESMA Burm.

Antidesma delicatulum Hutchinson, n. sp.

Frutex 1-3.5 m. altus; ramuli foliati, leviter flexuosi, prominenter lenticellati,
breviter fusco-pubescentes. Folia oblonga v. oblongo-lanceolata, basi obtuso

EURPHOBIACEAE. — ACALYPHA 523

rotundata, apice subsonsim acute acuminata acumine mucronato 0.5-1 cm. longo
medio 1-2 mm. lato, i^lerumquc 3.5-8 cm. longa et 1.5-3 cm. lata (in fructu inter-
dum 10-13 cm. longa et usque ad 4 cm. lata), tenuiter chartacea, supra costa puree
puberula excepta glabra, infra solum in costa et nervis lateralibus breviter setuloso-
pubescentia; costa infra conspicua; nervi laterales utrinsecus 5-8, supra distincti,
infra prominentes, intra marginem conjuncti, in axillis lanato-pubcscentes; venae
plerumque conspicuae et laxae; petioli 0.4-1 cm. longi, hirsuti; stipulae mox deci-
duae, lineari-subulatae, acutae, 4-5 mm. longae, setuloso-pubcscentes. Inflorcs-
centiae ^ terminales, 3-4-ramosae, ramis pergracilibus 1.5-2 cm. longis: rhachis
parce pubcscens; bracteae stipulis similes, sed parum breviores; bracteolae mi-
nutae, subulato-lanceolatae, glabrae; flores ^ breviter pedicellati, pediccllis pa-
tulis dcmum vix 1 mm. longis glabris; sepala 4, late transverse oblonga, 0.35 mm.
longa, 0.75 mm. lata, glabra; stamina 4; discus carnosus, glaber. Flores 9 i^on
visi. Infructescentiae 9 pergraciles, 3-ramosae, 6-8 cm. longae; rhachis angularis,
parce puberula v. fere glabra; pedicelli fructiferi patuli v. leviter reflexi, 3-4 mm.
longi, parce puberuli; sepala triangularia, brevia, glabra; discus crassus, glaber.
Fructus juniores oblique ellipsoidei, tetragoni, glabri, stylis brevissimis bilobis
coronati.

Western Szech'uan: Kiating, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4449; shrub
1 m. tall, (J flowers); November 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4058; shrub 4 m. tall,
young fruits); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4480; bush 3 m. tall;
^ flowers).

This species is related to A. japonicum Siebold & Zuccarini, but differs from
it chiefly in its oblong leaves more rounded at the base and hairy on the midrib
and lateral nerves below, and in its strictly terminal inflorescence.

CROTON L.

Croton Tiglium Linnaeus, Spec. 1004 (1753). — Miiller Arg. in De Candolle,
Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 600 (1866). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 393 (1887). — Hems-
lev in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 435 (1894). — Lcveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 160
(1914).

Western China: Fu-chou, Yangtsze banks, cultivated, May 1903 (Veitch Ex-
ped. No. 4447; tree 5 m. high).

This small tree is commonly cultivated in Szech'uan in the vicinity of the Yang-
tsze River. Its leaves are mostly retained through the winter and become highly
colored before they fall in the spring. Colloquially it is known as the Pa-tou tree
and its seeds are used medicinally. E. H. W.

ACALYPHA L.

Acalypha acmophylla Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 436 (1894).
Western Hupeh: Ichang gorge, cliffs, April 1907 (No. 1987;
shrub about 1 m. high).

Our specimen is an exact match of Henry's Nos. 1188 and 3824 mentioned in a
note by Hemsley as ])robably being the same as his A. acmophijlla. 1 think ho is
right in this; in his type specimens the inflorescences are solitary in the leaf axils,
but they are borne on fully grown lateral shoots, whilst in Henry's s]iecimens and
in ours the inflorescence is borne on very young branches just emerging from the

524 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

older shoots and thus appear to be fasciculate ; the petioles of the leaves of the latter
specimens are shorter than in the type, but I think this is probably due to their
young condition.

Acalypha szechuanensis Hutchinson, n. sp.

Frutex 1.5 m. altus; rami cortice cinereo striato pubescente obtecti;
ramuli laterales breves, dense foliati, hirsuto-villosissimi. Folia lance-
olata V. ovato-lanceolata, acute caudato-acuminata, basi obtusa v.
rotundata, 2-6 cm. longa, 1-3 cm. lata, membranacea, crenato-serrata,
utrinque patule pilosa v. subvillosa; nervi laterales 4-5, ascendentes,
graciles; petioli graciles, usque ad 1.5 cm. longi, hirsuto-villosi ; stip-
ulae minutae, caducae. Flores monoici; racemi in axillis foliorum dis-
positi, pergraciles, patuli, plerumque masculi, interdum ad basin flore
foemineo unico instructi; axis villosa; flores masculi glomerulati, bre-
vissime pedicellati; gemmae glabrae v. fere glabrae, minutissime mu-
cronatae; flores foeminei solitarii, breviter pedicellati; bractea inae-
qualiter triloba, foliacea, lobo medio lanceolato acuto usque ad 6 mm.
longo et 2 mm. lato piloso; calycis segmenta oblanceolata, viridia, 2
mm. longa, pilosa; ovarium villosum; styli laciniati, graciles, 4.5 mm.
longi.

Western Szech'uan: Kiating, sides of streams, alt. 300 m,,
common, June 1908 (No. 1988).

Very closely related to A. acmo-phylla Hemsl., but different in the very short
petioles, narrower leaves and hirsute-villose inflorescence with larger and more
fohaceous bracts of the female flower.

ALCHORNEA Swartz.

Alchomea Davidii Franchet in Noiiv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VII.
74, t. 6 {PL David. I. 264) (1884). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 438 (1894). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 157 (1914).

Western Hupeh : Ichang, a weed in glens, common up to 650 m.,
May 1907 (No. 1993; shrub 1-2 m. tall).

Alchomea rufescens Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2,
VII. 75, t. 7 (PI. David. I. 265) (1884). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 438 (1894).

Acalypha Giraldii Pax in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 429 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov.

Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 408, fig. 10 a (1910).
Wetria rufescens Pampanmi, 1. c. XVIII. 172, fig. 10 a (1911).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, roadsides, alt. 650 m., May
1907 (No. 1989; bush 1.5-2 m. high). Around Ichang, by side of

EUPHORBIACEAE. — MALLOTUS 525

streams, May 1907 (No. 1990; shrub about 1 m. high); roadsides,
May 1907 (No. 1991); June 1907 (No. 1992); September 1907 (No.
1992).

MALLOTUS Lour.

Mallotus apelta Muller Arg. in Linnaea, XXXIV. 189 (1865) ; in
De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 963 (1866). — Hance in Jour. Linn.
Soc. XIII. 122 (1873). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 439
(1894).

Ricinus Apelia Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 585 (1790).

Croton chinensis Geiseler, Croton Monogr. 24 (1807).

Rottlera cantoniensis Sprengel, S]jst. III. 878 (1828). — Hooker & Arnott, Bol.

Voy. Beediey, 212 (1836). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 306 (1861).
Mallotus Paxil Pampanini in Nuov.Giorn. Bot. Hal. n. ser. XVII. 414 (1910).

Kiangsi : Ruling, thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., July 1907 (Nos. 1644,
1645; bush 1.5-3 m.). Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, sides of
streams, alt. 300-800 m.. May 1907 (No. 3283; bush 3 m.); Fang
Hsien, roadsides, alt. 1000 m., June and September 1907 (Nos. 3284,
3287; bush 2-3 m.); Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1300 m.,
June and September 1907 (Nos. 3285, 3286; bush 2-3 m.).

This is a very common shrub particularly in warm rocky valleys and on clifTs.
The leaves vary considerably in size and shape and the inflorescence varies much in
length. These differences depend largely upon the vigor of the shoots.

E.H.W.

Mallotus tenuifolius Pax in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 429 (1900). — Pam-
panini in Nuov.Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 104 (1910); XVIII. 172
(1911).

Mallotus japonicus Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 440 (pro parte, non
Muller Arg.) (1894). — Pax in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 428 (1900). — L^veill<5,
Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 165 (1914).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, roadside thickets, alt. 600-
1000 m., June and September 1907 (No. 3289; bush 4 m.) ; Changyang
Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-1000 m., May, June and July 1907 (Nos. 3291,
3292, 3292=*; bush, 2-3 m.); Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000 m.,
June 1907 (No. 3293 ; bush 2-3 m.) ; Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000 m.,
June 4, 1907 (No. 3290; slender flat-topped tree 5 m. tall); " IMa-pan-
scian," alt. 1000 m., May 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1302). Eastern
Szech'uan : Wushan Hsien south, A. Henry (No. 5742''). Western
Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5169; bush
3 m.).

526 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

The simple inflorescence well distinguishes this species from the closely related
M. joponicus Miiller Arg., which has a branched paniculate inflorescence. All the
specimens I have seen from Hupeh and Szech'uan belong to Pax's species and very
probably the Japanese species does not occur in that region.

This is a very common roadside bush or small tree in western Hupeh and Sze-
ch'uan, being particularly abundant in warm rocky valleys. E. H.W.

Mallotus philippinensis Miiller Arg. in Linnaea XXXIV. 196 (1865) ;
in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 980 (1866). — Hance in Jour. Linn.
Soc. XIII. 122 (1873).— Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 442 (1887).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 440 (1894). — Pax in Bat. Jahrh.
XXIX. 428 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
XVII. 414 (1910). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 165 (1914).

Croton philippense Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. II. 206 (1786).

Croton coccineus Vahl, Symb. II. 97 (1791).

Croton punctatus Retzius, Obs. Bot. V. 30 (1789).

Rottlera tinctoria Roxburgh, PI. Corom. II. 36, t. 168 (1798).

Croton montamim Willdenow, Spec. IV. 547 (1805).

Rottlera aurantiaca Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 270 (1836).

Western Hupeh: Chang-lo Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-1000 m.,
June 1907 (No. 3294; small tree 5.5 m. high). Western Szech'uan:
Chengtu Plain, alt. 350 m., August 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4444).

Mallotus repandus Miiller Arg. in Linnaea, XXXIV. 197 (1865) ; in
De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 981 (1866). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind.
V. 442 (1887). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 441 (1894). —
Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 104 (var. scahrifolius
Mull. Arg.) (1910). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 165 (1914).

Rottlera scabrifolia A. de Jussieu, Tent. Euphorb. III. t. 9, f. 29 (1824).
Rottlera cordifolia Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 307 (1861).
Trewia nudiflora Hance in Jour. Bot. XVI. 14 (non Willdenow) (1878).
Mallotus contubernalis Hance in Jour. Bot. XX. 293 (1882).
Mallotus chry.socarpus Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 413,
fig. 12 (1910).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets and cliffs,
alt. 30-1000 m., May and September 1907 (Nos. 3288, 3542; bush 2-2.5
m.). Eastern Szech'uan: Wan Hsien, banks of Yangtsze River,
April 1908 (No. 3288*; bush 2-3 m., flowers yellow). Western
Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5168; bush
1-4 m.).

This is a very common shrub throughout the warmer parts of Hupeh and
Szech'uan. The leaves vary much in size and in the amount of their pubescence.

E.H.W.

EUPHORBIACEAE. — SAPIUM 527

SAPIUM R. Br.

Sapiiim discolor Miiller Arg. in Linnaea XXXII. 121 (1863). —
Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 469 (1887). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 445 (1894). — Pax in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV.-147, v. 239
(1912).

Stillingia discolor Champion apud Bentham in Hooker Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard.

Misc. VI. 1 (1854). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 303 (1861).
Excoecaria discolor Miiller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 1210 (18GG).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, roadsides, alt. 1000 m., July 1907
(No. 2522; tree 10 m. high, flowers yellow).

Sapiiim japonicum Pax & K. Hoffmann in Engler, Pflanzenreich, IV.-
147, V. 252 (Euphorh.) (1912).

Croton Siraki Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt. 2, 144 {Fl.
Japan. Fam. Nat. I. 36) (nomen nudum) (1845).

Slillingin japonica Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. 2, 145
{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 37) (1845).

Triadica japonica Baillon, Etude Gen. Euphorb. 512 (1858).

Excoecaria japonica Miiller Arg. in Linnaea, XXXII. 123 (1863); in De Can-
dolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 1217 (1866). — Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII.
123 (1873). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 446 (1894). — Hay ata
in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XX. 59, t. 4 E (1904). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess.
For. Japan. II. t. 36, f. 1-13 (1908).

Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, common, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907
(No. 1574; bush 2-3 m.). Western Hupeh: north and south of
Ichang, roadside thickets, abundant, alt. 30-800 m., June 1907 (No.
3543; bush 1-5 m., flowers yellow); same locality. May 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 760).

Sapium sebiferum Roxburgh,/^/. Ind., ed.2, III. 693 (1832).— MuUer
Arg. in Linnaea XXXII. 121 (1863). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 470
(1888). — Pax in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 5, 97, f. 63
(1890); in Engler, Pflanzenreich, IV.-147, v. 237 (1912). — Hemsley
in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 445 (1894). — Pax in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX.
430 (1900). — Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XX. 61 (1904).—
Smith in Mededeel. Depart. Landbouw, No. 10, 629 (1910). — Pampa-
nini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 415 (1910). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 241 {Fl. Kwangtung
& Hongk.) (1912). — Leveille, /'L Kouy-Tcheou, 167 (1914).

Croton sebiferum Linnaeus, Spec. 1004 (1753).

Triadica sinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 610 (1790). — Bretschneider, Early
Europ. Research. Fl. China, 173 (1881).

528 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Stillingia sebifera Michaux, Fl. Bor. Amer. II. 213 (1803). — Hooker & Amott,

Bot. Voy. Beechexj, 213 (1836). — Ben tham, Fl. Hongk. 302 (1861).
Stilling fleetia sebifera Bojer, Hort. Mauril. 284 (1837).

Excoecaria sebifera Miiller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 1210 (1866).
Stillingia sinensis Baillon, Etude Gen. Euphorb. 512, t. 7, figs. 26-30 (1858).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, much cultivated,
30-800 m., June and November 1907 (No. 2521; tree 6-20 m. tall).

This valuable tree is largely cultivated at low altitudes in western Hupeh
and Szech'uan and in the autumn the leaves assume most brilliant tints. In Hupeh
it is colloquially known as the Mou-tzu shu and as Ch'uan-tzu shu in Szech'uan.
An account of the pi'oducts of this tree is to be found in my A Naturalist in Western
China, II. 67 (1913). Pictures of it will be found under Nos. 389, 442, 483, 0372
of the collection of my photographs and in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos.
467, 468, 469. E. H. W.

EXCOECARIA L.

Excoecaria acerifolia Didrichsen in Videnskah. Medd. Nat. Foren.
Kjohenh. 1857, 129. — Miiller Arg. in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 2,
1222 (1866). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 473 (1888). — Pax in
Engler, Pflanzenreich, IV.-147, v. 169 (1912).

Western Szech'uan: west of Romi Chango, forming scrub in dry-
places, 2000-2500 m., July 1908 (No. 3541; bush 1-2 m. high; flowers
yellow); without precise locality, alt. 1400 m., July 1903 (Veitch
Exped. No. 4448; shrub 1 m. tall, flowers yellow).

ALEURITES Forst.

Aleurites Fordii Hemsley in Hooker's Icon. XXIX. tt. 2801, 2802
(1906); in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1906, 120; 1914, 3; in Bull. Imp.
Inst. V. 134 (1907). — Pax in Engler, Pflanzenreich, IV.-147, i. 132
(1910). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X
237 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). — Fairchild in U. S. Dept.
Agric. Circ. No. 108, with figs. (1913). — Wilson in Bull. Imp. Inst.
XI. 447, tt. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 fig. 2 (1913).

Elaeococca verrucosa A. de Jussieu, Euphorb. Tent. 38, 1. 11, fig. 35 (1824), quoad

fruct. et semen.
Dryandra oleifera Wallich, Cat. No. 7958 (nomen nudum) (non Lamarck)

(1832).
Aleurites cordata Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 384 (non R. Brown) (1887). —

Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 433 (1894) exclud. synon. et specimini-

bus ex Hainan et Hongkong, partim. — Pax in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 430 (1900).

— Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 410 (1910). — L6-

veille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 157 (1914).
Aleurites vernicijlua Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 157 (1914), an etiam Baillon?

EUPHORBIACEAE. ALEURITES 529

Kiangsi: Kiukiang, base of foothills, alt. 150 m., August 2, 1907
(No. 1510; tree 3-5 m.); north, south and west of Ichang, largely
cultivated, alt. 30-800 m., April, July and October 1907 (No. 2031;
tree 3-10 m. tall). Szech'uan: Wan Hsien, banks of Yangtsze
River, April 1908 (No. 2031"). Yunnan: Mile District, A. Henry
(No. 10,587; tree 3 m.).

This important tree is cultivated in vast numbers in western Hupch and Sze-
ch'uan, especially in rocky places, from river level to 1000 m. altitude. An ac-
count of this tree and of the methods of expressing the oil from the seeds will be
found in my A Naturalist in Western China, II. 65 (1913).

Pictures of this tree are to be found under Nos. 31, 37, 38, 44, 45, 460, 0171,
0350 of the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western
China, Nos. 117, 118, 119, 120. E. H. W.

THYMELAEACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder.^

WIKSTROEMIA Endl.

Wikstroemia stenophylla Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 480 (1900).

Wester nSzech'uan: Valley of Hsao-chin-ho, near Monkong Ting,
alt. 2100-2400 m., June 1908 (No. 2366; bush 0.30-0.50 m. tall, flowers
yellow) ; Min River valley, Mao-chou, alt. 1200-1600 m.. May 25, 1908
(No. 2365; bush 0.30-0.60 m. tall, flowers yellow); same locality,
rocks, alt. 1200 m., August 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4435; bush 0.30-
0.60m., flowers yellow); T'ao-kuan, Lung-ch'ih, September, A. von
Rosthorn (No. 3113, type).

Wilson's Nos. 2365 and 2366 are of more compact habit and have somewhat
larger flowers in simple terminal spikes, while in the type as well as in Wilson's
No. 4435 the inflorescence is paniculate and the flowers smaller, but this is proba-
bly due to the specimens having been collected at different seasons; in all other
characters all the specimens agree.

Wikstroemia micrantha Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 399
(1894). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 480 (1900).

Western Hupeh: near Ichang, A. Henry (No. 4173, co-type);
Hsing-shan Hsien, ravines, uncommon, alt. 300-600 m.. May 9, 1907
(No. 2364; bush 0.3-1 m. tall, flowers white). Szech'uan: Yangtsze
gorges, May 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4432; bush 0.5-1 m. tall, flowers
yellow, fragrant).

This species seems most closely related to W. angustifolia Hemsley, from which
it differs chiefly in the glaucescent under side of the broader, generally oblong or
oblanceolate less crowded leaves. Hemsley compares it with W. chamaedaphne
Bunge, but that species differs considerably in its paniculate inflorescence, densely
pubescent flowers, much larger leaves and in its different habit with virgate
branches. Wilson's specimens have larger glabrous flowers in 3-7-flowered
fascicles and somewhat smaller leaves.

Wikstroemia capitata Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex gracilis, 0.5-1 m. altus; ramuli hornotini teretes, tenues,
glabri, plerumque virides, annotini fusco-purpurei. Folia membrana-

' With a description of a new species of Wikstroemia Leveille & Blin and a new
variety of Daphne by Leveille & Rehder.

530

THYMELAEACEAE. — WIKSTROEMIA 531

cca, opposita v. subopposita, elliptica v. obovato-elliptica, rarius obo-
vato-oblonga, obtusa v. obtusiuscula, basi attenuata, 1-2 cm. longa et
0.4-0.9 cm. lata, utrinque glabra v. initio parcissime strigosa, supra
obscure luteo-viridia, subtus pallidiora, utrinsecus nervis 5-7 angulo
valde acuto divergcntibus leviter curvatis subtus leviter elevatis;
petioli breves v. brevissimi, 0.5-1.5 mm. longi. Flores lutei, sessiles in
capitulis 3-7-floris terminalibus graciliter pedunculatis pedunculo fili-
formi 1-1.8 cm. longo; pcrianthii tubus circiter 7 mm. longus et 1 mm.
diam., extus sericeo-strigosus, lobis 4 ovatis v. ovato-oblongis circiter
1.5 mm. longis; antherae 8, ovali-oblongae 0.8-1 mm. longae, fila-
mentis brevissimis, eae seriei superioris faucem vix attingentes, seriei
inferioris paullo supra medium affixae; disci squama unica ovario
circiter triente brevior, linearis, apice 2- v. 3-dentata; pistillum 3 mm.
longum, ovario strigoso-pubescente, stylo 0.5 mm. longo, stigmate cap-
itato purpureo. Fructus ovoideus, utrinque attenuatus, 4.5 mm. longus,
aurantiacus, parce strigosus, ante maturitatem perianthio diu persis-
tente obtectus; semen ovoideum, utrinque breviter productum, ob-
scure nigrum, 4 mm. longum.

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-900 m.. May
and June 1907 (No. 40).

This species is apparently most closely related to W. linoides Hemsley which is
an herbaceous plant with narrower, oblong leaves and glabrous flowers. From
other related species it is easily distinguished by its few-flowered, slender-stalked
heads of flowers.

Wikstroemia ligustrina Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex 1-1.25 m. altus; ramuli graciles, teretes, dense sericeo-
strigosi, annotini purpureo-fusci, tarde glabrescentes; gemmae sub-
globosae, parvae sed tomento albo conspicuae. Folia membranacea,
alterna v. rarius subopposita, anguste oblonga v. oblanceolata, rarius
oblongo-oblanceolata v. oblonga, acuta v. acutiuscula, basi cuneata,
1-2.5 cm. longa et 0.3-0.6 cm. lata, glabra v. subtus parcissime strigosa,
supra obscure viridia, subtus pallidiora; nervis utrinsecus 4-6 curvatis
vix distinctis; petioli pubescentes, circiter 1 mm. longi. Flores lutei,
sessiles v. breviter pcdicellati in capitulis v. spicis brevibus terminali-
bus solitariis v. ternis pluri- v. multifloris breviter pedunculatis pedun-
culo 1-5 mm. longo sericeo-strigoso, folia vix superantibus; pcrianthii
tubus sericeo-strigosus, 9 mm. longus, lobis 4 patentibus ovalibus 2.5
mm. longis; antherae 8, oblongae, 1.25 mm. longae, eae seriei su-
perioris faucem tubi attingentes, filamentis brevissimis, eae seriei
inferioris paullo supra medium affixae, filamentis 0.5 mm. longis;

532 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

disci squama unica, fere quadrata, apice irregulariter dentata, circiter
1 mm. longa; pistillum 3.5 mm. longmn, ovarium strigoso-pubescente,
stylo brevissimo, stigmatae capitato. Fructus ignotus.

Western Szech'uan: Valley of Hsao-chin-ho, near Monkong
Ting, alt. 2100-3300 m., June 1908 (No. 2363).

This species seems to be most nearly related to W. chamaedaphne Meisner, which
differs in its stouter glabrous more or less angular branchlets, glabrous petioles,
larger leaves and in the paniculate inflorescence.

Wikstroemia brevipaniculata Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex gracilis 0.3-1 m. altus, glaber; ramuli teretes, hornotini glauco-
virides v. leviter rubescentes, annotini rubro-brunnei. Folia opposita,
chartacea, subpersistentia, oblonga v. elliptico-oblonga, v. anguste
oblonga, rarius oblanceolato-oblonga, basi attenuata, apice acutius-
cula et mucrone spinescente munita, margine leviter revoluta, 1.5-4
cm. longa et 0.4-1.2 cm. lata, supra coeruleo-viridia, opaca, subtus
glaucescentia, nervis utrinsecus 6-10 subtus leviter elevatis margine
anastomosantibus venulis levissime prominulis; petioli 1-2 mm. longi.
Flores lutescentes, parce strigosis v. fere glabris, circiter 4 mm. longi,
in paniculis terminalibus 1-4 cm. longis; lobi ovati v. acutiusculi tubo
triplo V. quadruplo breviores; stamina 8, antheris subsessilibus : ova-
rium obovoideum, basi attenuatum, apice pilosum, stigmate capitato
subsessili; squama disci unica, subquadrata apice erosa (semper?).
Fructus ovoideus, purpureo-niger, 4 mm. longus, apice strigosulus.

Eastern Szech'uan: Taning Hsien, roadside, alt. 900-1100 m.

July 1910 (No. 4613).

This species seems to be most nearly related to W. micrantha Hemsley, which
differs in its simple spicate or fascicled inflorescence, larger flowers, and in the
smaller leaves usually obtusish and scarcely mucronulate and in their obsolete
venation. It may also be compared with W. chamaedaphne Meisner, wliich is easily
distinguished by the densely pubescent flowers in larger and denser panicles, the
longer yellowish green obtusish leaves and the striate or slightly angular branchlets.

CLAVIS SPECIERUM SINENSIUM.
Flores tetrameri.

Floras in racemis v. fasciculis soUtariis (interdum paniculatae in No. 7).
Folia opposita, persistentia v. subpersistentia.
FoUa ovata v. elliptica ad ovato-oblonga.
Ramuli et folia glabra.

Foha subtus glaucescentia. Flores glabri, spicati, pedunculo gracili

nutante suffulti; ovarium glabrum 1. W. nutans.

Foha concoloria v. fere concoloria. Spica erecta.

Foha basi acuta 2. W.indica.

Folia basi obtusa v. rotundata, brevissime petiolata.

3. W. stenantha.

THYMELAEACEAE. — WIKSTROEMIA 533

Ramuli pubcsccntes. Folia subtus sparse pilosa v. fere glabra.

Folia apice rotundata v. emarginata, obovata .... A. W. relusa.
Folia acuta.

Folia elliptica v. elliptico-ovata, nervis utrinsecus 3-5. Inflorescentia

longe pedunculata, disci squamae 2 b. W. monnula.

Folia lanceolato-oblonga, membranacea, venis obsoletis. Inflores-
centia breviter pedunculata; disci squamae 4 . . 6. W. chinensis.
Folia linearia v. anguste oblonga v. oblanceolata, glabra.
Ramuli manifeste 4-angulati angulis subalatis.

Folia linearia, valde revoluta. Flores extus pubescentes: ovarium

pubescens 7. W. stenophylla.

Ramuli subteretes. Folia anguste oblonga v. anguste lanceolata v.
oblanceolata.
Folia subtus (in sicco saltern) flavescentia v. fuscescentia plerumque
lineari-oblanceolata acuta, ad 2 cm. longa et ad 0.4 cm. lata.

8. W. angustifolia.

Folia subtus albida, plerumque oblanceolata, basi plerumque subito

contracta, interdum obovatis intermixtis, ad 1.5, rarius ad 2 cm.

longa et ad 0.7 cm. lata 9. PT. micrantha.

Folia alterna, membranacea. Inflorescentia subcapitata v. breviter racemosa.
Ramuli et folia glabra. Inflorescentia graciliter pedunculata.

Flores extus glabri. Planta herbacea 10. TT. linoides.

Flores extus sericeo-strigosa. Planta fruticosa .... 11. W.capilata.
Ramuli pubescentes. Inflorescentia breviter pedunculata.

FoUa glabra, plana. Inflorescentia interdum tema in apice ramulorum.

12. W. ligustrina.
Folia utrinque pubescentia, margine revoluta. Ramuli dense strigoso-

villosi 13. TF. salicina.

Flores in spicis paniculatis.
Folia obtusa, plerumque ovalia, mox glabrescentia, opposita.

14. W. gracilis.
Folia acuta.

Ramuli et folia glabra, opposita.
Rhachis inflorescentiae et flores dense pubescentes.

15. W. chamaedaphne.
Rhachis inflorescentiae glabra; flores parce strigosi v. glabri.

16. W. brevipaniculata.
Ramuli et folia pubescentes.

Folia saepe opposita, supra saepe glabrescentia, subtus nervis prominuUa.

Spicae pedunculatae, saepe elongatae 17. W. caucscens.

Foha semper alterna, utrinque dense pubescentia, nervis obsoletis.
Spicae breves subsessiles v. breviter pedunculatae.
Flores 12-13 mm. longi. FoUa lanceolata, 3-3.8 cm. longa.

IS. W. alternifolia.
Flores 5-6 mm. longi. FoHa anguste elUptica, 1-2 cm. longa.

19. W. Pampaninii.
Flores pentaraeri.

Ramuli et folia pubescentia.

Foha linearia, utrinque dense sericeo-pilosi, 1-1.5 cm. longi.

20. TF. holosericea.
Folia elhptico-oblonga v. oblonga, parce, rarius densius pilosa.

21. TF. dolichantha.

534 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Ramuli et folia glabra.

Flores strigoso-pubescentes; inflorescentia paniculata, laxa. Folia opposita,

oblonga, 2-3 cm. longa 22. W. effiisa.

Flores glabri; inflorescentia solitaria. Folia alterna v. superiora opposita,

oblanceolata, 3-6 cm. longa 23. T^F. scytophylla.

ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM SINENSIUM.

1. Wikstroemia nutans Champion in Hooker Kcw Jour. Bot. V. 195 (1S53). —
Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 545 (1857). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 297
(1861). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXXI. 100 (1886); in
Mel. Biol. XII. 541 (1886). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 400 (1894). —
Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. Add. Ser. X. 227 {Fl. Kwangtung &
Hongk.) (1912).

Hongkong: Happy Valley ( = Wongnai chung), January 30, 1893, C. Ford.

2. Wikstroemia indica C. A. Meyer in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 2,
I. 358 (1843); in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XX. 50 (1843). — Bentham in Hooker's
Jour. Bot. V. 195 (1853). — Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 543 (1857). —
Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXXI. 98 (1886); in Mel. Biol.
XII. 539 (1886). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 398 (1894). — Henry
in Trans. As. Soc. Jap. XXIV. Suppl. 80 {List PI. Formosa) (1896), excl. No.
1131. — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. Add. Ser. X. 227 {Fl.
Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912).

Daphne indica Linnaeus, Spec. 357 (1753). — Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy.

Beechey, 68, 209, t. 15 (1832).
Capura purpurata Linnaeus, Mant. II. 225 (1771).
Daphne cannabina Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 236 (1790).
Daphne viridiflora Wallich, Cat. No. 1049 (nomen nudum) (1828).
Wikstroemica viridiflora Meisner in Denkschr. Regensb. Bot. Ges. HI. 286

(1841). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 297 (1861). — Maximowicz in 5wiL Acad.

Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXXI. 99 (1886); in Mel. Biol. XII. 539 (1886).
Diplomorpha ? viridiflora C. A. Meyer in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,

ser. 2, I. 358 (1843); in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XX. 50 (1843).
Wikstroemia alpina, var. Bentham ex Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 297 (pro synon.)

(1861).
Wikstroemia indica, var. viridiflora Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 195 (1886).

Kwangtung: Canton, E. Faber. Kwangsi: Lungchow, H. B. Morse (No.
328). Formosa: Takow, A. Henry (Nos. 1197, 1883); Bankinsing, A. Henry
(No. 1197^).

3. Wikstroemia stenantha, Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 400 (1894). —
Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. Add. Ser. X. 227 {Fl. Kwangtung &
Hongk.) (1912).

Kwantung: Lofau-shan, C. Ford.

4. Wikstroemia retusa A. Gray in Jour. Bot. III. 303 (1865). — Maximowicz
in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXXI. 98 (1886); in Mel. Biol. XII. 538 (1886).

Wikstroemia indica Henry in Trans. As. Soc. Jap. XXIV. Suppl. 80 {List
PI. Formosa) (pro parte, non C. A. Meyer) (1896), quoad No. 1131.

Formosa: Lambay Island, August 15, 1893 (or 1894), A. Henry (No. 1131).
The Formosan plant agrees well with the type specimen except in some slight

THYMELAEACEAE. — WIKSTROEMIA 535

difference in the disk scales. In the type one of the two opposite scales is oblong
and bifid, the other brojwily oblong to nearly quadrate, bifid at the apex and with
a more or less distinct tooth on each side below the middle; in the Formosan plant
one of the scales is divided to the base into two linear-oblong lobes, while in the
other the linear-oblong lobes are connate below the middle. Maximowicz, who
apparently did not know Gray's original description based on specimens collected
in the Liukiu Islands by C. Wright in 185G, as he quotes " A. Gray in sched.,"
bases his descrii)tion i^artly on other material. The leaves in the type specimen
are 2.5-3.5 cm. long and 1.3-1.8 cm. broad, with 8-10 pairs of veins, and the
petioles are 1-2 mm. long, while the measurements Maximowicz gives are
considerably larger. Hemsley's W. obovata, also from the Liukiu Islands, differs
according to the description in the glabrous flowers and glabrous ovaries, other-
wise it seems very similar.

5. Wikstroemia monnula Hance in Jour. Bot. XVI. 13 (1878). — Maximowicz
in Bull. Acad. Set. St. Petersbourg, XXXI. 98 (1886); in Mel. Biol. XII. 538
(1886). — Hemsley in Joiir. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 399 (1894). — Dunn & Tutcher
in Kcio Bull. Misc. Inform. Add. Ser. X. 227 {Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912).

Kwangtung: Canton, E. Faber. Hongkong: C. Ford; Lantao Island,
May 8, 18S8, May 30, 1904 (ex Herb. Hongkong, No. 1256). Fokien: Dunn'8
Exped. to Cent. Fokien, April to June 1905 (Herb. Hongkong, No. 2498).

6. Wikstroemia chinensis Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 546 (1857). —
Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXXI. 356 {Fl. Tche-foii) (1876). — Fran-
chet in Mem. Soc. Nat. Cherbourg, XXIV. 250 (1882); in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Pans,
ser. 2, VII. 70 {PI. David. I. 260) (1884). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St.
Petersbourg, XXXI. 99 (1886); in Mel. Biol. XII. 400 (1886). — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXVI. 397 (1894).

Shantung: Faufei (ex Franchet). Kiangsi: A. Dawd (ex Franchet).

7. Wikstroemia stenophylla Pritzel. See p. 530.

8. Wikstroemia angustifolia Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 396 (1891). —
Pampanini in Nuav. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 675 (1910).

Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Favohni in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 437
(non Meisner) (1908).

Western Hupeh : gorges near Ichang, on cliffs, June 1900 (Veitch Ex-ped. No.
1246; shrub 1 m. tall, flowers pink); without precise locahty, A. Henry (Nos. 1519,
2270, 3313, 3594, 4184).

9. Wikstroemia micrantha Hemsl. See p. 530.

10. Wikstroemia linoidss Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 398 (1894).
Western Hupeh: Ichang, A. Henry (ex Hemsley).

This seems to be the only herbaceous species in the genus.

11. Wikstroemia capitata Rehder. See p. 530.

12. Wikstroemia ligustrina Rehder. See p. 531.

13. Wikstroemia salicina Leveill6 & BUn, n. sp.

Frutcx dumosus, 1.50 m. altus, aspectu salicino; rami gri.sei, subnodosi, pubes-
centcs, teretes; folia angviste lanceolata, intogerrima, confertissima, marpine revo-
luta, subsessilia, petiolo subnullo villoso, acuta v. obtusata, 1.5-2.5 cm. longa ct
5.8 mm. lata, supra atro-viridia, nervis i)arum conspicuis, subtus jirinuun incano-
eericea, mox tantum villosa, imo glabrata, nervis elevatis. Flores ad ai)icem ram-

536 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

uloriim dense capitati, 8-20, lutei; pedicelli 1-2 mm. longi; perianthum 10-15
mm. longum, extus tomentoso-sericeum, intus villosum; lobi ovati, obtusi; ovarium
ovatum, papillosum.

Yunnan : " paturages de I6-ma-tchouan, 3200 m., juillet 1913," E. E. Maire.

This new species, the description of which was sent to me by Mgr. Leveille to-
gether with a specimen, seems most closely related to W. ligustrina Rehder, but is
readily distinguished by the narrower leaves of firmer texture, pubescent on both
sides and revolute at the margin, by the pubescent inside of the perianth and by
the hnear sohtary disk scale at the base of the pubescent ovary. The pubescence
chiefly present on the 8 longitudinal veins inside the tube of the perianth is a rather
unusual character in the genus; all Chinese species I have examined are perfectly
glabrous on the inner surface of the perianth.

14. Wikstroemia gracilis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 397 (1894).
Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 6440).

15. Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 547
(1857). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VII. 70 {PI. David. I. 260)
(1884). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXXI. 99 (1886); in
Mel. Biol. XII. 540 (1886). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 397 (1894).

Passerina Chamaeda'phne Bunge in Mem. Sav. JEtr. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
bourg, II. 132 {Enum. PI. Chin. Bar. 58) (1833). — Maximowicz in Mem.
Sav. hr. Acad. Sci.- St. Petersbourg, IX. 476 (Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859).

Diplomorpha Chamaedaphne C. A. Meyer in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg,
ser. 2, I. 358 (1843); in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XX. 50 (1943).

Chili: Kalgan road, near Peking, October 5, 1905, /. G. Jack; Hwai-lai, July
30, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1050). Kansu: without precise locality, 1910,
W. Purdom (No. 772).

16. Wikstroemia brevipaniculata Rehder. See p. 532.

17. Wikstroemia canescens Meisner in Denkschr. Regensh. Bot. Ges. III. 288
(1841); in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 547 (1857). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad.
Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXXI. 100 (April 1886); in Mel. Biol. XII. 451 (1886).—
Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 195 (August 1886), excl. synon. W. chamaedaphne. —
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 397 (1894).

Daphne sericea D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 69 (non Vahl) (1825).

Daphne cana Wallich ex D. Don, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1825).

Daphne oppositifolia Hamilton ex D. Don 1. c. (pro synon.) (1825).

Daphne canescens Wallich, Cat. No. 1046 (nomen nudum) (1828).

Daphne virgata Wallich, Cat. No. 1047 (nomen nudum) (1828).

Wikstroemia virgata Meisner in Denkschr. Regensb. Bot. Ges. III. 289 (1841);

in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 547 (1857). — Beddome, Fl. Sylv. S. Ind. II.

For. Man. p. clxxviii, t. 25, fig. 4 (1874).
Diplomorpha canescens C. A. Meyer in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser.

2, I. 358 (1843); in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XX. 50 (1843).
Diplomorpha virgata C. A. Meyer, 1. c. (1843).
Wikstroemia salicifolia Decaisne in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XX. 50 (in nota)

(1843); in Jacquemont, Voy. IV. 144, t. 149 (1844). — Walpers, Ayin. 1.

589 (1848). — Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 546 (1857).
Daphne inamoena Gardner in Calcutta Jour. Nat. Hist. VII. 454 (1846).
Wikstroemia inamoena Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 547 (1857).
Kiangsi: Kiukiang, F.B.Forbes (ex Hemsley).

THYMELAEACEAE. — WIKSTROEMIA 537

18. Wikstroemia alternifolia Batalin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIII. 99 (1803).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 397 (1894). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX.
480 (1900).

Kansu : " vallis fl. Hei-ho supra pagum Hun-nei-ku" July 24, 1885, G. N.Potanin
(ex Batalin).

19. Wikstroemia Pampaninii Rehder, n. sp.

Wikstroemia alternifolia Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Hal. n. ser. XVII.
675 (non Batalin) (1910).

Frutex 0.5 v. ultra altus, ramis gracilibus erectis; ramuli teretes, homotini,
praesertim apicem versus, dense pilis albidis subaccumbentibus obtecti, annotini
glabrescentes ut vetustiores f usco-purpurei ; gemmae subglobosae, conspicue
albido-tomentosae. Folia omnia alterna, membranacea, elliptioa v. obovato-
elli))tica v. anguste elliptica, utrinque acuta, margine, in sicco saltern, revoluta,
1-2 cm. longa et 0.4-0.8 lata, utrinque pilis longis accumbentibus ad costam subtus
densius vestita, fere concoloria, costa media subtus elevata, nervis paucis incon-
spicuis; petioli circiter 1 mm. longi, dense pubescentes. Flores sessiles in si)icis
dense pilosis terminalibus pluri- v. multifloris et axillaribus saepius paucifioris in
apice ramulorum paniculas angustas foliatas foliis a]ncem versus decrescentibus
formantibus; perianthii tubus dense adpresse pilosus, 3.5-4 mm. longus, lobis ovali-
bus 4 extus pilosis 1.5 mm. longis; antherae 8, oblongae, 0.8 mm. longae, filamentis
vix 0.2 mm. longis, superiores paullo exsertae, inferiores su])ra medium tubi
affixae; pistillum 2.5 mm. longum, ovario pilis adpressis dense obtecta, stylo brevis-
simo, stigmate capitato pilis longis id subaequantibus fere occultato; squamae
disci 2, circiter quartam partem ovarii aequantes, una linearis, altera latior,
inaequaliter plus minusve 2-3-dentata. Fructus immaturus tantum visus, pubes-
cens.

Northern Hupeh: " monte Triora," alt. 1950 m., July 3, 1907, C. Silvestri
(No. 1540, type); "monte Niang-niang," alt. 1950 m., July 1907, C. Silvestri
(No. 1541).

This species seems most closely related to W. alternifolia BataUn, which differs
according to the description in its gray branches, in the narrower leaves, which
are about twice as long, in the 12-14 mm. long flowers and in the solitary disk-
scale about half as long as the ovary. The hairs at the apex of the ovary are in
W. Pampaninii remarkably long and nearly hide the stigma, which is slightly ovoid
or obovoid in shape.

20. Wikstroemia holosericea Dielsin Not. Bot. Gard. Edinhurgh, V. 286 (1912).
Yunnan: Descent of the Yangtsze from Chung Tien, alt. 3000 m., September

1904, G. Forrest (No. 13, ex Diels).

According to Diels this species has no disk-scales, which makes it doubtful
whether it belongs in the genus Wikstroemia.

21. Wikstroemia dolichantha Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 286 (1912).
Yunnan: Chien-chucn and Hoching valleys, alt. 2100-2700 m., September

1904, G. Forrest (No. 133 ex Diels); Mengtsze,'griT'Ss hills, alt. 1400 m., A. Henry
(No. 10277; slender shrub 0.6-1 m. tall, flowers yellow).

Henry's specimens differ from the original description in their more copious
pubescence, though the different specimens distributed under No. 10277 show
great variation in this respect; in one .si)ecimen in the herbarium of the Arnold
Arboretum the leaves are densely pubescent on both sides, while in the other they
are less pubescent and narrowly elliptic; in the one si)ecimen in the herbarium
of the New York Botanic Garden the leaves are nearh' glabrous below, but thinly
pubescent above and also narrowly elliptic.

538 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

22. Wikstroemia effusa Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex 0.6 in. altus (ex Wilson), ramis gracilibus erectis, ramulis superioribus
floriferis plus minusve, interdum fere angulo recto, patentibus; ramuli hornotini
teretes, tenues glabri v. praesertim apicem versus sparse pubescentes, purpuras-
centes. Folia membranacea, opposita, oblonga v. elliptico-oblonga, utrinque
acuta, 1.5-3 cm. longa et 0.5-0.9 cm. lata, supra livido-viridia, subtus pallidiora,
utrinque glabra, nervis utrinsecus 5-6 rarius pluribus subtus elevatis; petioli
circiter 1 mm. longi, glabri, interdum sparse pilosi. Flores lutei sessiles v. fere
sessiles, in spicis terminalibus pedunculatis saepe ternis ad 1.5 cm. longis sparse
pubescentibus ramos et ramulos terminantibus et paniculam gracilem effusam
formantibus; perianthii tubus gracilis 8-9 mm. longus, extus sericeo-pubescens,
lobis 5 anguste ovatis fere 2 mm. longis; antherae 10, oblongae, 1-1.2 mm. longae,
euperiores faucem vix attingentes, inferiores supra medium affixae, filamentisO.2 mm.
longis: pistillum 4 mm. longum, ovario subclavato apice sparse piloso, stjdo dis-
tincto 0.2 mm. longo; disci squama unica linearis, apice 2-3 dentata, circiter ova-
rium dimidium aequans, interdum ovario fere aequilonga, rarius squama secunda
breviore addita. Fructus desideratur.

Yunnan: Szemao, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 13367, type). Western
Szech'uan: Kaating Fu, cliffs, alt. 500 m., June 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4436).

This species seems nearest to W. dolichantha Diels, which differs in its densely
pubescent branchlets and in the narrower more or less pubescent leaves. Possibly
this is only a glabrous form of W. dolichantha. Wilson's No. 4436 differs slightly
from the type in the sparingly pubescent branchlets which are glabrous in the
type, and in the more numerous and closer pairs of veins of the leaves.

23. Wikstroemia scytophylla Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 286 (1912).
Yunnan: between Tang-tui and Chiao-tou, alt. 2100-2700 m., September

1904, G. Forrest (No. 44, ex Diels).

Species imperfecte notae v. excludendae.

Wikstroemia Valhrayi Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 417 (1915).

Kwei-chou : "Roule de Pin, Fa a TuiFan; TsinGai," J.Cavalerie (Nos. 1261,
1865, ex Leveille).

This species I know only from the very short description and from a fragment
sent by the author and consisting of a few detached leaves and fruits. It is ap-
parently a distinct species, but the material is too meagre to make it possible to
form an opinion about the affinity of the plant.

Wikstroemia Bodinieri Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 417 (1915). (Syn.: Daphne
Bodinieri Leveille in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 258 ([1914]).

According to a fragment of the type specimen sent by the author this plant be-
longs to the Apocynaceae.

DAPHNE L.

Daphne genkwa Siebold & Zuccarini, FL Jap. I. 137, t, 75 (1840). —
Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 531 (1857). — Maximowicz in
Mel. Biol. XI. 310 (1881); in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, XXVII.
532 (1882). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 395 (1894). — Gilg
& Loesener in Bot. Jahrb. XXXIV. Beibl. LXXV. 53 (1904). — Pam-
panini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 674 (1910).

THYMELAEACEAE. — DAPHNE 539

Daphne Fortunei Lindley in Jour. Ilort. Soc. Lond. I. 147 (1S46); II. 34, t. 1

(1847). — Lemaire in Fl. des Serr. III. t. 208 (1847). — Franchet in M6m.

Soc. Nat. Cherbourg, XXIV. 250 (1882).
Daphne Genkwa, var. Fortunei Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6r. 2, VII.

69 (PL David. I. 259) (1884). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 403

(1909).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, hillsides, abundant, alt. 300-1000 m.,
March 20, and June 1907 (No. 19; shrub 0.5-1.2 m. tall, flowers
lilac, fruit white); same locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 33);
"Kao-kien-scian," alt. 800 m.. May, June 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1534);
without precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 1.541, 7873). Shantung:
Cape Yatan, Tai-ching-gong, April 14, 1902, R. Zimmermann (No.
535). Chekiang: Ningpo, 1910, D. Macgregor.

This species is a native of China; in Japan it is only cultivated.

Daphne acutiloba Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex 0.6-1.5 m. altus, dichotome v. interdum subverticillatim ra-
mosus; rami hornotini pilis strigosis brevibus flavis nitidulis obtecti,
annotini glabrescentes v. fere glabri, ut vetustiores laeves, purpurei v.
fusco-rubri. Folia coriacea, oblongo-lanceolata v. oblanceolata v.
lanceolata, breviter obtuse acuminato acumine interdum leviter emar-
ginato plerumque mucronulato rarius acutiusculo, basi in petiolum
brevissimum marginatum attenuata v. subsessilia, 4-8 cm. longa et
1-2, rarius ad 2.5 cm. lata, supra nitida, luteo-viridia, in sicco leviter
V. vix corrugata, subtus fere concoloria, utrinque glaberrima, nervis
utrinsecus 7-10 subtus leviter elevatis, supra plerumque leviter im-
pressis. Flores albi, in capitulis 5-7-floris in apice innovationis basi
perulis oblongo-lanceolatis ciliatis caducis circumdatae plus minusve
elongatae et bracteis sparsis ovalibus ciliatis caducis et saepe foliaceis
persistentibus glabris instructae, breviter pedicellati pedicellis sericeo-
strigosis 0.5-1.5 mm. longis v. subsessiles; perianthii tubus cylindricus,
11 mm. longus, glaber, lobis 4 ovato-oblongis acutis dimidium tubum
pauUo superantibus ; antherae 8, oblongae, obtusae, 1.5 mm. longae,
superiores basin loborum vix attingentes, inferiores supra medium tubi
affixae, filamentis 0.5 mm. longis basi bulboso-dilatatis; pistillum 4 mm.
longum, basi disco annulari 0.5 mm. alto circumdatum, ovario ovoideo
glabro, stigmate magno capitato subsessili. Fructus ruber; semen
ovoideum, leviter apiculatum, 5-6 mm. longum, nigrescens, vix
nitidum.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, woods, alt. 1800-2100 m., June
1908 (No. 2946, type); Wa-shan woods, alt. 2100 m., June 1908 (No.

540 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

2949) ; Ta-hsiang-ling, alt. 2500 m.,May 1904 (Veitch Exped.No.4438).
Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, alt. 1200-1500 m., July 1907
(No. 2944). Yunnan: Mengtze, wooded cliffs, alt. 2100 m., A.
Henry (No. 11321; flowers white, fragrant).

This species is closely related to D. odora Thunberg which differs chiefly in its
perfectly glabrous branchlets, broader usually distinctly petioled acute leaves, in
the sessile head of many flowers surrounded by persistent bracts and by the com-
paratively shorter lobes of the perianth. Henry's No. 11321 from Yunnan differs
somewhat from the type in the paler branches, in the distinctly petioled leaves,
and in the perianth being pubescent toward the base. In this and the following
species the inflorescence is borne on a longer or shorter stalk from 0.5-3 cm. long,
furnished with a few scattered membranous and ciliate deciduous bracts and passing
toward the apex into usually 1-3 leaves or sometimes wanting. From the apex of
this stalk at the base of the flowers a new shoot usually appears which continues
the branch; this shows that the stalk of the inflorescence is not a peduncle, but a
branch. The branching therefore in this and the following species is usually sym-
podial with most of the older inflorescences apparently lateral on the branches,
while in D. odora it is dichotomous with the old inflorescences in the forkings of
the branches.

Daphne Wilsonii Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex erectus, 0.5-1.75 m. altus; rami crassi, carnosuH, hornotini
dense flavido-strigosi; annotini saltern apicem versus strigosi, glabres-
centes, ut vetustiores pallide flavo-grisei v. flaveseentes. Folia alterna,
persistentia, crasse coriacea, oblonga v. oblanceolato-oblonga, apice
acutiuscula v. obtusa, mucronulata, rarius leviter emarginata, basi
cuneata in petiolum brevissimum attenuata v. subsessilia, 4-7, rarius
ad 10 cm. longa et 1-2, rarius fere ad 3 cm. lata, utrinque glabra, supra
luteo-viridia in sicco manifeste corrugata, subtus pauUo pallidiora v.
fuscescens, costa media supra impressa subtus elevata, nervis subtus
leviter elevatis v. fere obsoletis. Flores albi v. rosei, rarius virescentes,
fragrantes, in capitulis 5-12-floris in apice innovationis plus minusve
elongatae et bracteis sparsis ovalibus v. oblongo-ovalibus dense cilio-
latis caducis v. interdum foliaceis glaberrJmis instructae breviter pedi-
cellati V. subsessiles; perianthii tubus cylindricus apice ampliatus, 8-9
mm. longus, extus glaber, lobis 4, oblongis v. oblongo-lanceolatis acu-
minatis, rarius ovali-oblongis et obtusiusculis tubum fere aequantibus
v. paullo brevioribus; antherae 8 anguste oblongae, mucronulatae,
2 mm. longae, superiores paullo exsertae sed basin loborum vix
attingentes, inferiores circa medium tubiinsertae,filamentisbrevissimis;
pistillum 4.5 mm. longum, basi disco annulari leviter crenulato brevis-
simo vix 0.1 mm. excedente circumdatum, ovario ovoideo glabro,
stigmate subsessili capitato sublobato. Fructus baccatus, ovoideus,

THYMELAEACEAE. — DAPHNE 541

apiculatus, ruber, 6-7 mm. longiis; semen globoso-ovoideum, Icviter
apiculatum, 6-7 mm. altum, fusco-brunneum, nitidum.

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woodlands, alt.
1200-1800 m., June 1907 (No. 3728, type); same locality, May 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 637); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1200-1500
m., May 1907 (No. 2942; flowers greenish-white or pink, fragrant);
same locahty, alt. 600-900 m. (No. 2947; flowers pink); Fang Hsien,
woods and forests, alt. 2200-2700 m., June 17 and October 1910 (No.
4454); Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1200 m., June 1907 (No. 3728'');
Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 900-1400 m.. May 1907 (No. 2943);
without precise locality, A . Henry (No. 6838) . Western Szech'uan:
west of Kuan Hsien, thickets, alt. 2100 m., June and August 1908 (No.
802); west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, woods, alt. 1500-1800 m.,
July 1908 (No. 2948).

This species is closely related to D. odora Thunberg, which differs in its brown
glabrous or nearly glabrous branches, the less fleshy more coriaceous leaves, and the
many-flowered sessile heads surrounded by the persistent bracts, and by the
smaller less lustrous blackish seeds. From the preceding species it diff'ers in its
yellowish strigose branches, the longer tube and the shorter lobes of its flowers and
the larger lustrous dark brown seeds. Two small specimens from Yunnan, without
locality and collector, kindly sent by Mgr. L^veille, apparently belong to this species.

A picture of D. Wilsonii will be found under No. 0353 in the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Daphne retusa Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIX. 318 (1893);
XXVI. 401 (1894). — Keissler in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 96 (1898).—
Stapf in Bot. Mag. CXXXVIII. f. 8430 (1912).

Western Szech'uan: Pan-lan-shan, west of Kuan Hsien, upland
thickets, alt. 3000-3600 m., June 1908 (No. 2945; shrub 0.3-0.6 m.
tall, flowers pink, fragrant) ; Sungpan Ting, uplands, alt. 3300-3900 m.,
August 25, 1910 (No. 4019; shrub 0.3-0.6 m. tall, fruit scarlet); near
Tachien-lu, woods, alt. 3000-3600 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No.
4439; shrub 0.6-1.2 m. tall, flowers pink).

This is closely related to the preceding species and differs chiefly in the smaller
leaves emarginate at the apex and in the lower habit of the plant.

Daphne modesta Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex humilis ramosus, 15-45 cm. altus; ramuli satis robusti inter-
dum valde abbreviati, teretes, pallide griseo-flavidi, vetustiores cine-
rei, hornotini dense strigosi. Folia alterna, chartacea, lineari-oblonga
V. anguste-oblonga, obtusiuscula v. obtusa, basi attenuata, margine
revoluta, 1.5-3 cm. longa et 0.3-0.6 cm. lata, supra livido-viridia,
glabra, subtus vix pallidiora, fere glabra v. sparsissime, ad costam paullo

542 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

densius strigosa, nervis utrinsecus 10-15 obsoletis, costa media supra
incisa subtus manifeste elevata; petioli circiter 1 em. longi, glabri v.
parce strigosi. Flores lutei, breviter pedicellati, in fasciculis pauci-
floris terminalibus quam folia brevioribus; pedicelli circiter 1 mm.
longi, strigosi; perianthii tubus 8-9 mm. longus, extus sparse strigosus;
lobi 5, ovati, 3.5-4 mm. longi; antherae 10, oblongae, 2 mm. longae,
filamentis 0.5-0.75 mm. longis, eae seriei superioris faucem attingentes,
seriei inferioris paullo supra medium affixae; disci squama unica, fere
quadrata, 1 mm. longa, apice leviter sinuato-dentata; pistillum 3 mm.
longum, ovario basi attenuate apice piloso, stylo brevi, stigmate
capitate. Fructus desideratur.

Western Szech'uan : Monkong Ting, valley of Hsao~chin-ho, alt.
2100-2700 m., June 1908 (No. 2361).

This is a very distinct species; it is somewhat similar in general appearance to
D. gemmata Pritzel, but that species is easily distinguished by its flowers which
have the stamens inserted below the middle and by the broader leaves.

Daphne penicillata Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex ramosus, 15-25 cm., altus ramis brevibus; ramuli juniores
angulati, dense cinereo-strigosi, tertio anno glabrescentes, vetustiores
flavo- V. fusco-grisei; gemmae terminales ovatae, 3-5 mm. longae,
dense cinereo-pubescentes. Folia alterna, membranacea, ovalia v.
obovata v. ovali-oblonga, obtusa v. emarginata, mucronata mucrone
praesertim in foliis inferioribus dense longe pilosa appendicem peni-
cilliformem formante, 1.5-3 cm. longa et 0.8-1.5 cm. lata, utrinque gla-
bra V. initio subtus praesertim ad costam mediam sparse adpresse
pilosa, supra iivido-viridia, subtus paullo pallidiora, nervis utrinsecus
5-7 curvatis subtus leviter elevatis, petioli glabri, vix 1 mm. longi.
Flores lutei, sessiles, in fasciculis sessilibus terminalibus 2-3-floris; peri-
anthii tubus gracilis, glaber, 10 mm. longus; lobi5,oblongi,4.5 mm. longi;
antherae 10 oblongae, 1.5 mm. longae, eae seriei superioris faucem
attingentes, inferioris supra medium affixae, filamentis brevissimis;
disci squama unica, fere quadrata, 0.5 mm. longa; pistillum 2.5 mm.
longum, ovario apice piloso, stylo fere 0.5 mm. longo, stigmate capi-
tate minute pilosulo. Fructus desideratur.

Western Szech'uan: Min River valley, near Mao-chou, arid
places, alt. 1200-1700 m., May 25, 1908 (No. 2367).

This species is not closely related to any other; it is easily recognized by the
generally oval glabrous or nearly glabrous leaves, the lower with a peculiar tail-
like appendage at the apex, by the glabrous 5-merous flowers with long narrow lobes
nearly equalling half the tube, and by the large densely pubescent winter-buds.

THYMELAEACEAE. — DAPHNE 543

Daphne gemmata Pritzel in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 481 (1900).—
Nitsche, Beitr. Kenntn. Daphne, 29 (1907).

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, dry re-
gions, alt. 1400 m., July 1908 (No. 2368, type; bush 0.30-0.60 m. tall);
Mien-chu Hsien, dry sunny banks, alt. 800-900 m., May 21, 1908
(No. 2362; shrub 15-30 cm. high); Shih-ch'uan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 900
m., August 1910 (No. 4614; flowers yellow); " Tsa-ku-lao, Wei-kuan-
kou," August, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2545, type).

This species belongs to a small group of species with 5-merous flowers recently
discovered in western China which differ from all other species of the genus in
having the stamens inserted in the lower part of tube of the perianth; five stamens
are inserted just above the ovary and five near the middle of the tube. In Pritzel's
original description this is correctly stated, but Nitsche says that he found the inser-
tion normal. In von Rosthorn's specimen No. 2545, however, in the herbarium of the
Arnold Arboretum I find the insertion of the stamens exactly as described by Pritzel.
Wilson's specimens referred to this species differ slightly from each other. In the
type, with which Wilson's No. 2368 agrees very well except that it has larger
flowers about 1.5 cm. long and somewhat curved below the middle, the leaves are
generally obovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, sparingly strigose below, not glabrous
as described by Pritzel and the ovary is glabrous or nearly so; No. 2362 has obovate
to elliptic leaves nearly glabrous beneath and smaller much curved flowers with
the more elongated ovary slightly pilose at the apex; No. 4614 has smaller more
coriaceous, obovate to oblong-obovate leaves, 1-3 cm. long and very sparingly stri-
gose below; its flowers are shorter with more oval lobes only 2.5 mm. long; the
stamens are all aborted except one stamen in one of the two flowers examined;
the ovary is sparingly pilose at the apex.

CONSPECTUS SPECIERUM SINENSIUM GENERIS DAPHNES.

Inflorescentiae axillares. Folia opposita v. alterna, decidua.

Folia supra glabra. Perianthii lobi 5 mm. longi v. ultra. ... 1. D. gcnkwa.
Folia utrinque pubescentia. Perianthii lobi circiter 2 mm. longi.

2. D. Cham-pionii.
Inflorescentiae terminales, rarius terminales et praeterea axillares.
Flores 4-meri : discus annularis, minutus v. nullus.

Inflorescentia paniculata, ebracteata. J'olia decidua, lineari-lanceolata.

3. D. Roumea.
Inflorescentia capitata v. spicata.

Folia decidua, lanceolata. Inflorescentia ebracteata. ... 4. Z). Giraldii.
Folia persistentia. Inflorescentia bracteata.
Folia alterna. Flores albidi v. rosei.

Ramuli glabri, rarius initio leviter puberuli.

Folia angusta, S-12 mm. lata. Capitula pauciflora.

Bracteae cihatae; pedicelli hispiduli. Folia emarginato-obtusa.

5. D. (ongutica.
Bracteae et pedicelli glabra. Folia acuta ... 6. D. Vaillantii.
Folia latiora, 1-3 cm. lata. Capitula multiflora v. pluriflora.
Bracteae extus glabrae.

544 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Perianthii lobi ovati; bracteae flores glabros v. sericeos sub-

aequantes 7. D. odora.

Perianthii lobi lanceolati; bracteae flores sericeos superantes.

8. D. sinensis,
Bracteae extus sericeae; perianthium extus villoso-sericeum.

9. D. papi/racea, var. crassiuscula.
Ramuli juniores plus minusve strigoso-sericei (interdum glabrescentes
in No. 9, sed pallidi).
Flores extus sericei, interdum glabrescentes.

Lobi perianthii circiter 6-8 mm. longi; bracteae sericeae. Folia
acuminata, 7-12 cm. longa et 1.5-3 cm. lata. 9. D. papyracca.

Lobi perianthii circiter 3-5 mm. longi 10. D. Feddei.

Flores extus glabri ut bracteae.

Ramuli brunnei v. purpurei 11. D. acutiloba.

Ramuli flavescentes v. flavido-cinerei.

Folia acuta, 4-7 cm. longa 12. D. Wilsonii.

Folia retusa, 2-3 cm. longa 13. D. retusa.

Folia subopposita, elliptica, acuta 0.8-1.8 cm. longa. Flores terminales et

axillares, aurantiaci 14. D. aurantiaca.

Flores 5-meri; disci squama unica, plerumque quadrata, interdum sinuato-
lobata, rarius bifida; inflorescentia ebracteata (No. 22 et 23 exceptis).
Stylus brevis v. brevissimus (ad 0.5 mm. longus in Nos. 18, 19, 22).

Stamina supra medium tubi affixa; ovaria apice pilosa; flores ebracteati.
Folia angusta linearia v. anguste-oblonga. Ramuli juniores plus minusve
pubescentes.
Flores extus glabri. Folia glaberrima, acuta ... 15. D. angustiloba.
Flores extus sericei. Folia supra fere glabra, subtus ad costam et mar-

ginem tantum pilosa, obtusa 16. D. modesta.

Folia obovata v. elliptico-oblonga, glabra v. fere glabra, decidua.

Inflorescentia pedunculata, pluri- v. multiflora. Ramuli et folia gla-
berrima V. sparse pilosa. Folia 3-6.5 cm. longa. 17. D. leuconeura.
Inflorescentia sessilis, 2-3-flora. RamuU saltem apicem versus pu-
bescentes.
FoUa ovaUa v. oblongo-ovalia, 1.5-3 cm. longa . . 18. D. penicillata.

Folia obovata, circiter 1.5 cm. longa 19. D. myrtilloides.

Stamina infra medium tubi affixa; ovaria glabra v. apice pilosa.
Perianthii tubus extus pubescens; flores ebracteati.

Folia subtus ad costam saltem pubescentia 20. D. gemmata.

Folia glabra v. juniora breviter ciliata 21. D. gracilis.

Perianthii tubus extus glaber; flores bracteati. Folia persistentia, lineari-
oblonga, revoluta, glabra margine ciUato excepta.

22. D. rosmarinifolia.

Stylus ovarii fere longitudine; flores bracteati. Folia anguste oblonga, mox

glabrata (cfr. etiam No. 22) 23. D. tenuiflora.

ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM SINENSIUM.

1. Daphne genkwa Siebold & Zuccarini. See p. 538.

2. Daphne Championii Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 296 (1861). — Hemsley in Jour.
Unn. Soc. XXVI. 395 (1891).

Daphne Fortunei Bentham in Hooker Kew Jour. Bot. V. 196 (non Lindley)
(1853).

THYMELAEACEAE. — DAPHNE 545

Hongkong: C. Ford, February 9, 1894 (ex Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. No.

17G6).

3. Daphne Roumea Moisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 538 (1857). — Hems-
ley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 395 (1891).

Roumea chinensis Wallich ex Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 538 (pro
synon.) (1857).

A doubtful species described from a plant cultivated in the Calcutta Botanic
Garden, to which, according to Wallich, it was sent from China by Reeves.

4. Daphne Giraldii Nitsche, Beitr. Kennt. Daphne, 7 (1907).

Daphne tangutica Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 481 (non Maximowicz).

Northern Shensi: "monte Kian-san," August 4, 1897, G. Giraldi; Mt. Ugo-
san (Lao-y-san), September 1899, Hugh Scallan. Western Kansu: west of Tow
River, alt. 2700 m., W. Purdom.

Purdom's specimens collected apparently in the same region where D. tangutica
Maximowicz was found agree exactly with Giraldi's specimens from Shensi.

5. Daphne tangutica, Maximowicz in Bidl. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXVII.
531 (1SS3); in Mel. Biol. XI. 309 (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI.
396 (1891).

Kansu: western alpine regions, N. M. Przewalski (ex Maximowicz).

6. Daphne Vaillantii P. Danguy in Lecomte, Not. Syst. II. 166 (1911).
Shensi: "Col de Low-pan-chan," alt. 2700 m., August 10, 1908, Pelliot &

Vaillant (No. 1054, ex Danguy).

7. Daphne odora Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 159 (1784). — Smith, Exot. Bot. 91, t. 47
(1804). — Sims in Bot. Mag. XXXVIIl. t. 1587 (1813). — Meisner in De Candolle,
Prodr. XIV. 537 (1857). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 395 (pro parte)
(1891). — Keissler in Bot. Jahrb. XXV. 89 (1898). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard.
Edinburgh, VII. 16, 17, 251 (1912).

Daphne triflora Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 236 (1790). — Meisner in De Candolle,
Prodr. XIV. 541 (1857). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIV. 396 (1891).

Daphne japonica Thunberg in Mus. Acad. Upsal. XIII. 106 (1792). — Paxton
in Paxton's Mag. Bot. VIII. 175, t. (1825). — Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh.
Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. 3, 199 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 75) (1846). — Miquel
in A7in. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 134 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 298 (1867).—
Keissler in Bot. Jahrb. XXV. 88 (1898).

Daphne Mazeli Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1872, 392, t.

Daphne odora, var. Mazeli Hemsley in Gard. XIV. 442, t. (1878).

Tji^ical D. odora does not seem to occur wild in China. Daphne triflora Loureiro
is probably the same as D. Mazeli and D. japonica which represent only an
abnormal form with axillary smaller inflorescences below the terminal one, as
they occur also occasionally in other species, e. g., in D. papyracea WalUch and
D. aurantiaca Diels.

Daphne odora, var. atrocaulis Rehder, n. var.

Daphne odora Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 395 (pro parte) (1891), quoad
No. 7119. — ? L6veill<S, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 416 (1915).

A typo recedit floribus extus sericeis, bracteis caducis, ramulis atropurpureis.
Floribus extus sericeis ad var. kiusianam accedit, sed diflfert bracteis deciduis,
ramulis atropurpureis.

546 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 7119, type, 5502,
both in Herb. Gray).

This variety seems to be nearest to D. odora, var. kiusiana Keissler (D. kiusiana
Miquel) which differs chiefly in the persistent bracts, the thinner leaves and in the
usually paler, often yellowish brown color of the branchlets. The leaves resemble
those of the var. kiusiana in their shape and are longer and narrower (about
7-11 cm. long and 2-3.5 cm. broad) than those of the type.

8. Daphne sinensis Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. II. 438 (1791). — Meisner in De
Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 537 (1857). — Keissler in Bot. Jahrb. XXV. 91 (1898).

Daphne odora Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 237 (non Thunberg) (1790). — Jacquin,
Hort. Schoenbrunn. 111. 54, t. 351 (1798). — Loiseleur, Herb. Amat. 11. 105,
t. (1817). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 395 (pro parte) (1891).

Daphne indica Loiseleur, Herb. Amat. II. t. 105 (pro sjTion. et in tab., non
Linnaeus) (1817).

Daphne chinensis Sprengel, Syst. II. 237 (1825).

China (ex Lamarck) and Cochinchina (ex Loureiro).

1 have seen no specimens of this plant and it seems doubtful whether it is speci-
fically distinct from the preceding species.

9. Daphne pap3rracea WalUch apud Steudel, Nomencl. ed. 2, I. 483 (1841). —
Meisner in Denkschr. Regensb. Bot. Ges. III. 282 (1841); in De Candolle, Prodr.
XIV. 537 (1857). — Decaisne in Jacquemont, Voy. IV. 143, t. 148 (1844). — Bran-
dis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 386 (1874). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII.
258 (1912).

Daphne cannabina Walhch in As. Research. XIII. 315, t. 7, 8 (non Loureiro)
(1820). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 193 (1890). — Keissler in Bot. Jahrb.
XXV. 93 (1898). — CoUett, Fl. Siml. 435, fig. 140 (1902). — Brandis, Ind.
Trees, 544 (1906).

Daphne papyrifera Hamilton mss. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 68 (pro
synon.) (1825). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 416 (1915).

Daphne papyracea, f. grandiflora Meisner apud Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edin-
burgh, VII. 290 (1912).

Yunnan: Feng-chen-lin, mountain woods, alt. 2400 m., A. Henry (No. 10118;
shrub 1-3 m. tall, flowers white, very fragrant) ; Mengtsze, mountains to south, alt.
1800 m., A. Henry (No. 10118^; shrub 1 m. tafl, flowers white) ; same locality, east-
ern forests, alt. 2100 m., A. Henry (No. 11363; shrub 0.6 m. tall, flowers white,
fragrant); Yuan-chiang, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 13293; shrub 2 m., flowers
white, fragrant) ; Mekong VaUey, alt. 2100-2400 m., G. Forrest (No. 5024, as D.
papyracea f. grandiflora); "sous bois des mont. a Ta-tchai," April 1913, E. E.
Maire; without precise locality, J. Cavalerie. Also on the Himalayas from Chamba
to Bhotan and on the Kliasia Mts.

I am not sure that Maire's specimen, which is very fragmentary, belongs here;
the flowers and the bracts are silky pubescent, but the leaves resemble those of
D. acutiloba Rehder. Another specimen from Yunnan, without locahty, collected
by J. Cavalerie, is very similar.

Daphne papyracea, var. crassiuscula Rehder, n. var.
A typo recedit ramis junioribus crassiusculis purpureo-fuscis glabris, fohos
magis coriaceis et plerumque latioribus, capitulis densifloris, floribus dense villoso-
eericeis, tubo latiore et breviore, lobis ovatis acutiusculis v. obtusiusculis.

THYMELAEACEAE. — DAPHNE 547

Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains north, alt. 1200 (?) m., A. Henry (No. 10859;
shrub 2-3 m., flowers white, fragrant).

This variety differs from the typical form in its stouter glabrous and purplish
brown branches, in the more coriaceous shorter and comparatively broader leaves
and the shorter villose flowers. In its purple glabrous branches it resembles D.
odora, var. atrocauUs Rehder, but differs in the densely villose bracts and the dense
heads of villose flowers. By the villosity of its flowers it seems related to D.
cannahina, var. bholita Keissler (D. Bholua Hamilton), which I know only from
the description, but as nothing is said about any difference in the leaves and in
the branches, I must assume that it is not identical with the new variety pro-
posed above.

10. Daphne Feddei Leveille in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. IX. 326 (1911); Fl.
Kouy-Tcheou, 416 (1915).

Daphne Martini Leveille 1. c. X. 369 (1912); 1. c. 416 (1915).

Kwei-chou: " Gan-Pin," L. Martin (No. 2076, ex Leveille); " Kouy-Yang,"
/. Chaffanjon & E. Bodinier (No. 2076 ex Leveille); " Yeou-Lang," J. Esquirol
(No. 775 ex Leveille).

Of this species I have seen only a detached flower and a detached leaf sent to
me by Mgr. Leveille. Of D. Martini Mgr. Leveille has sent me a small branch; it
does not seem to differ specifically from D. Feddei, but the lobes of the perianth
are somewhat shorter equaling onl}- about one third of the tube; the inflorescence
is 12-flowered and has no bracts left. Daphne Feddei seems nearest to D. papy-
racea Wallich, but the flowers are smaller and the lobes are nearly glabrous with
the exception of a few hairs on the middle, while the narrow tube is densely pu-
bescent up to the base of the lobes.

11. Daphne acutiloba Rehder. See p. 539.

12. Daphne Wilsonii Rehder. See p. 540.

13. Daphne retusa Hemsley. See p. 541.

14. Daphne aurantiaca Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 285 (1912).
Yunnan : limestone cliffs on the eastern flank of the Lichiang range, alt. 3000-

3500 m.. May 1906, G. Forrest (No. 2115).

This is a very distinct species and differs from all allied species in its opposite or
sometimes subopposite leaves. Occasionally on vigorous branches it develops
axillary small inflorescences below the terminal one.

15. Daphne angustiloba Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex circiter 0.5 m. altus, ramis satis tenuibus divaricatis; ramuli homotini
teretes sparse strigosi, vetustiores cinereo-brunnei. Folia alterna, subchartacea,
subpersistentia lineari-oblonga, acuta et mucronulata, basi attenuata, margine
plus minusve revoluta, 1-2.5 cm. longa et 1.5-4 mm. lata, supra obscure viridia,
subtus pallidiora, venis obsoletis, costa media supra incisa, subtus manifeste elevata;
petioli glabri 1-2 mm. longi. Flores lutei breviter pedicellati in fasciculis termina-
libus 2-5-floris quam folia paullo brevioribus; pedicelli glabri, circiter 1 mm.
longi; perianthii tubus glaber, tenuis, 10-11 mm. longus, lobi 5, elliptico-oblongi
V. oblongi, 4-5 longi; antherae 10, oblongae, 1.25 mm. longae, eae seriei superioris
faucem attingentes, inferioris paullo supra medium affixae, filamentis brevissimis;
disci squama unica fere quadrata, vix 1 mm. longa; pistillum 3 mm. longum, ovario
apice pilosa, stylo brevissimo, stigmatc sublobato. Fructus desideratur.

Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, woods, alt. 3500 m., June 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 4433).

548 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

This is not closely related to any other species, and is well characterized by its
narrow, glabrous leaves, the glabrous 5-merous flowers and by their narrow lobes
often nearly half as long as the tube.

16. Daphne modesta Rehder. See p. 541.

17. Daphne leuconeura Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex erectus, 0.5-1.2 m. altus, dichotome ramosus, gemmis pubescentibus ex-
ceptis glaberrimus; ramuli hornotini glabri, virides, teretes, apicem versus sub-
angulati, annotini flavo-grisei v. flavo-brunnei, vetustiores pallide fusci; gemmae
ovatae, obtusiusculae, strigoso-pubescentes, grisei. FoUa membranacea, tenuia,
altema, obovata v. obovato-oblonga, apice rotundata, rarius acutiuscula, basi
cuneata, 4-7.5 cm. longa et 1.8-3.5 cm. lata, supra laete luteo-viridia, subtus pauUo
pallidiora, utrinque glabra, nervis utrinsecus 6-12 curvatis subtus ut costa elevatis,
supra ut costa plerumque colore albido conspicuis; petioli 2 mm. longi, supra
canaliculati. Flores lutei, brevissime pedicellati in spica terminah densa pluri- v.
multiflora pedunculata pedunculo 0.5 — 1.5 cm. longo perianthii tubus 10-15 mm.
longus, glaber, lobis 5 ovahbus v. oblongo-ovalibus patentibus 4-6 mm. longis;
antherae 10, anguste oblongae, 2 mm. longae, superiores faucem pauUo superantes,
filamentis 0.2-0.5 mm. longis, inferiores circa medium insertae, filamentis 0.5-0.75
longis; disci squama unica fere quadrata, apice truncata v. leviter emarginata,
circiter 1 mm. longa; pistillum 4-5 mm. longum, ovario subclavato apice tantum
sparse breviter piloso, stylo brevissimo, stigmate capitato magno sublobato. Fruc-
tus immaturus tantum visus, perianthio inclusus.

Western Szech'uan: Tung River valley, alt. 700 m., May 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 4431).

This is a very distinct species well characterized by its thin light green rather
large leaves marked with conspicuous white veins and by the peduncled head of
yellow flowers. The whole plant is quite glabrous except the winter-buds.

Daphne leuconeura, var. Mairei Leveille & Rehder, n. var.

A typo recedit rhachi inflorescentiae et ramuhs junioribus et foliis juvenilibus
sparse strigoso-villosis.

Yunnan : " monts derriere Mong-kou, alt. 2000 m., mars 1912," E. E. Maire.

The leaves in Maire's specimens are very young and they may present further
differences when fully grown.

18. Daphne penicillata Rehder. See p. 542.

19. Daphne mjo-tilloides Nitsche, Beitr. Kenntn. Daphne, 29 (1907).
Northern Shensi: G. Giraldi (No. 5995, ex Nitsche).

According to Nitsche the style in this species is comparatively long, the length
being given in the description as 0.5 mm., though in the accompanying note he
says that it is often as long as the ovary; the only other species of Daphne with a
similar long style is D. tenuiflora, Bureau & Franchet.

20. Daphne gemmata Fritzel. See p. 543.

21. Daphne gracilis Fritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 480 (1900). — Nitsche, Beitr.
Kenntn. Daphne, 28 (1907).

Western Szech'uan: Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2006, ex Pritzel).

It is possible that Wilson's No. 4614 enumerated under D. gemmata belongs to
this species of wliich I have seen only a photograph of the type specimen and that
D. gracilis and D. gemmata are forms of one species. According to Pritzel's original
description this species has 4-merous flowers, but Nitsche states that all the flowers
examined by him proved to be 5-merous. I believe Nitsche's statement to be cor-

THYMELAEACEAE. — DAPHNE 549

rect, particularly as all the other species with the stamens inserted below the
middle have 5-merous flowers.

22. Daphne rosmarinifolia Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex 0.5-1.2 m. altus; ramuli hornotini et annotini subangulati, dense strigoso-
pilosi, anno tertio glabrescentes brunnei. Folia persistentia ohartacea, alterna,
approximata, lineari-oblonga, apice rotundata leviter mucronulata, basi cuncata,
margine revoluta, 1-2 cm. longa et 0.2-0.4 cm. lata, supra obscure viridia, subtus
pallidiora, utrinque glabra, margine initio pilis longis ciliata, apice villosa, costa
media subtus leviter elevata nervis secundariis obsoletis; petioli 1 mm. longi, mar-
ginati, glabri. Flores lutei, sessiles, folia paullo v. vix superantes, in spicis pauci-
floris sessilibus terminahbus bracteis deciduis spathulato-oblongis pubescentibus
4-6 mm. longis suffultis; perianthii tubus supra basin leviter ventricosus, glaber,
10-11 mm. longus, lobis 5 ovatis v. ovato-oblongis patentibus, 3.5-4.5 mm. longis;
antherae 10, oblongae, 1.75 mm. longae, fere sessiles, biseriatae, infra medium tubi
affixae, filamentis brevissimis; discus fere annularis v. bipartitus irregulariter
sinuato-lobatus, vix 1 mm. longus; pistillum 3.5 mm. longum, ovario ovoideo,
oblongo basin versus attenuato glabro, style 0.5 mm. longo, stigmate capitate
parvo. Fructus desideratur.

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4434).

This is a well marked species easily distinguished from the other species which
have the stamens inserted below the middle of the tube by the narrow glabrous
leaves and by the glabrous bracteate flowers. Like D. penicillata Rehder this has
a comparatively long style, though not as long as that of D. myrtilloides Nitsche
and that of the following species.

23. Daphne tenuiflora Bureau & Franchet in Jour, de Bot. V. 151 (1891). —
Keissler in Bot. Jahrb. XXV. 104 (1898). — Nitsche, Beitr. Kenntn. Daphne, 29
(1907).

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, June 21, 1890, Bonvalot (ex Bureau &
Franchet).

After having examined most of the Chinese species of Daphne and Wikstroemia
which together number at present 46 species, I am inclined to doubt whether these
two genera are sufficiently distinct. The only obvious difference between them is
in the development and shape of the disk-like excrescences at the base of the ovary,
or " receptacular effigurations " (Receptaculareffigurationen) as they are named
by Gilg, which I shall call here disk or disk-scales. In Wikstroemia they are repre-
sented by 1-4 narrow and entire or sometimes broader and variously toothed or
incised scales, while in Daphne they are entirely wanting or represented either by a
minute ring-like or cupular disk or by a broad unilateral entire, truncate or rounded
scale. These broad unilateral scales seem to occur only in the species with 5-
merous flowers, and as there is sometimes no great difference between these entire
scales and the more or less lobed scales of Wikstroemia, I was almost inclined, even
if 1 kept the other species in Daphne, to refer the 5-merous species to Wikstroemia,
if they had not shown an apparently close affinity to the species of the sections Daph-
nanlhes and DaphiKuiUviidcs, and if in some (jases as in D. rosmarinifolia Rehder and
in D. tenuijlora Bureau & Franchet they had not had floral bracts which are en-
tirely absent in Wikstroemia. Between species of Wikstroemia like W. ligustrina
Rehder, W. Pampaninii Rehder and W. canesce?is Meisner with broad often not
very deeply dentate scales and those of Daphne like D. gcniinala Pritzel, D. modesta
Rehder and D. rosmarinifolia Rehder with broad sometimes sliglitly emarginate
or minutely dentate scales there is no conspicuous morphological difference in the
shape of these scales, particularly if one considers their great variability within

550 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

the same species. Also the fact that in western China 5-merous species occur in
both genera, while they are unknown in other regions of their wide geographical
range, points toward a close connection of these two genera. Neither are there
strong anatomical characters to separate the two genera. The onlj' difference Van
Tieghem points out is the presence of pitted tracheids in the vascular bundle of the
leaves in Wikstroernia, wanting in Daphne, but as Van Tieghem has examined only
a limited number of species, it remains still to be proved if this character holds good
for all species. Considering, however, that I had to deal here only with a limited
number of species which do not represent all the sections and groups of the two
genera, I have hesitated to make any change and have maintained the two genera
in their usual limitation, leaving the question open for future investigation.

Here may be added a note on a closely related genus not collected by Wilson.

ERIOSOLENA Bl.

Eriosolena involucrata Van Tieghem in Ann. Sci. Nat. eer. 7, XVII. 196
(1893).

Daphne involucrata Wallich in As. Research. XIll. 383, t. 6 (1820). — Meisner

in Denkschr. Regensb. Bot. Ges. III. 282 (1841). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. hid.

V. 193 (1886).
Eriosolena Wallichii Meisner in PI. Vase. Gen. II. 243 (1836-43). — Nitsche,

Beitr. Gait. Daphne, 9 (1907).
Scopolia involucrata C. A. Meyer in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, s6r. 2, I.

357 (1843); in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, XX. 49 (1843).
Daphne Wallichii Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 540 (1857).

Yunnan: Szemao, alt. 1500-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11564, 11564^ 11564").

In considering Eriosolena a distinct genus I am following Van Tieghem and
Nitsche. Van Tieghem (in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 7, XVII. 194, 225 [1893]) points
out important anatomical differences between Daphne and Eriosolena which are
confirmed by Nitsche. Eriosolena is also well distinguished morphologically by
the axillary peduncled heads of flowers enclosed by an involucre. It is perhaps
more closely related to Edgeworthia which also has a lateral peduncled capitate
inflorescence and like it has calcium oxalate in the stem and in the leaves, which
is absent from Daphne. Eriosolena involucrata has apparently not been recorded
before as a Chinese plant.

EDGEWORTHIA Meisn.

Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindley in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. I. 148
(June 1846); in Bot. Reg. XXXIII. 7, 48 (1848). — Pritzel in Bot.
Jahrh. XXIX. 480 (1900). — Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV.
543 (1857). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 401 (1894). — Pam-
panini in Nuov. Giorn. Ital. Bot. n. ser. XVII. 675 (1910).

Magnolia tomentosa Thunberg in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. 336 (1794), synon.
" Kobus " excludendo, non M. tomentosa Thunberg, Fl. Jap. Nov. Sp. 8
(1824).

Magnolia sericea Thunberg, PI. Jap. Nov. Sp. 8 (nomen nudum) (1824) se-
cundum specimen originale in Herb. Thunbergiano.^

* See foot-note on p. 400 of Vol. I.

THYMELAEACEAE. — STELLERA 551

Daphne papi/rifera Siebold in Verh. Bot. Genootsch. XII. pt. 1, 22 (nomen

nudum) {Srjn. PL Oecon. Jap. No. 130) (1830).
Edgeworthia papyri/era Siebold & Zuccarini in Abb. Akad. Munch. IV. pt.

III. 199 {Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 75) (184G). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lvgd.-

Bat. III. 135 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 299 (1867). — Schneider, III. Handb.

Laubholzk. II. 403 (1909), excl. fig.
Edgeworthia Gardneri Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 396 (non Meisner)

(1891).
Daphne nudifiora, Hort.

Kiangsi: Kuling, side of streams, spontaneous, alt. 1200 m., July
29, 1907 (No. 1582; bush 1-1.6 m. tall). Western Hupeh: com-
monly cultivated around Ichang, alt. 300-1000 m., April and October
1907 (No, 3555; bush 0.6-1.6 m. tall, flowers yellow); without precise
locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 56).

I do not think that tomentosa is to be considered the oldest specific name
for E. papyri/era, as it was not Thunberg's intention to name this plant, when
publishing his Magnolia tomentosa, but he intended to give a specific name to the
Magnolia previously distinguished by him as M. glauca, a flore albo, named
later M. kohus by De Candolle. That this was his intention is shown by the fact
that the plant he figured afterwards {Icon. PI. Jap. V. t, 8) as M. tomentosa is
M. kobu-s De Candolle. Magnolia sericca which is based entirely on our plant is
a nomen nudum. Daphne papyrifera also is a nomen nudum, and therefore E.
chrysantha has the priority, as it was published several months earUer than E.
papyrifera. In the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum there is a specimen of
this species collected at the Villa Thuret near Antibes, France, by Ch. Naudin in
1889 and labeled "Daphne nudifiora L.", but I have been unable to find this
name mentioned anywhere in botanical or horticultural literature.

The Chinese colloquial name of this plant is " Meng-hwa."

A picture of it will be found under No. 0353 of the collection of Wilson's photo-
graphs.

STELLERA Gmel.

Stellera chamaejasme Linnaeus, Spec. 559 (1753). — Willdenow,
Spec. II. pt. 1, 429 (1799). — Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 549
(1857). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 196 (1890). — Hemsley in Jour.
Linn. Soc. XXVI. 401 (1894).

Fasserina Stelleri Wikstrom in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1818, 321.
Passerina Chamaejasme Fischer ex Meisner in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV.
549 (prosynon.) (1857).

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, moor-lands, alt. 2700-3600 m.,
June and September 1908 (No. loii; flowers white and various
colors, fragrant). Eastern Tibet: between Derge and Tachien-lu,
1911, John R. Muir. Yunnan: Mengtsze, A. Henry (No. 10126).

According to Mr. Muir the root is used by the Tibetans in making paper.

ALANGIACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehdeb.

ALANGIUM Laur.

Alangium Faberi Oliver in Hooker's Icon, XVIII. t. 1774 (1888). —
Harms in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abt. 8, 262 (1898);
in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 505 (1900). — Wangerin in Engler, Pfianzenr.
IV. -220^ 18 (1910).

Karangolum Faberi Kuntze, Rev. Gen. I. 273 (1891).

Szech'uan : Taning Hsien, cliffs, alt. 600 m., June 1910 (No. 4505;
bush 0.3-1 m. tall, flowers white); Yangtsze banks, May 1903 (Veitch
Exped. No. 3699); Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4947).

In Wilson's No. 4505 one of the leaves is deeply 3-lobed with lanceolate lobes
and is cordate at the base, the other leaves are oblong-lanceolate, very obUque and
mostly semicordate at the base.

Alangium chinense Rehder, n. comb.

Stylidium chinense Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 220 (1790).

Stylis chinensis Poiret, Encycl. Meth. Suppl. V. 260 (1817).
,. Marlea begoniifolia Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. 28 (nomen nudum) (1814); PL
Corom. III. 80, t. 283 (1819); Fl. Ind. ed. 2, II. 261 (1832). -De Candolle,
Prodr. IV. 267 (1830). — Lindley in Bot. Reg. XXIV. t. 61 (1838). — Ben-
tham, Fl. Hongk. 138 (1867). — Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, XL. 2, 61
(1871); Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, I. 544 (1877). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit.
Ind. 251 (1874); Ind. Trees, 355 (1906). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit.
Ind. II. 743 (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 344 (1888). —
Micheli in Rev. Hort. 1898, 501, fig. 175. — Collett, Fl. Siml. 218 (1902). —
Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 116 (1914).

Styrax javanicum Blume, Bijdr. 671 (1825). — De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 268
(1844). — Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 2, 464 (1859).

Diacicarpium tomentosxim Blume, Bijdr. 657 (1825).

Styrax Rossamala Reinwardt apud Steudel, Nomencl. ed. 2, II. 651 (1841).

Marlea tomentosa Endlicher apud Hasskarl in Flora, XXVII. 605 (1844). —
Koorders & Valeton in Mededel. Lands Plantent. XXXIII. 79 (Bijdr. Boom-
sort. Java, V.) (1900).

Marlea affinis Decaisne in Jacquemont, Voy. IV. 74, t. 83 (1844).

Diacicarpium rotundifolium Hasskarl in Bonplandia, VII. 172 (1859).

Alangium begoniifolium Baillon, Hist. PI. VI. 270 (1877). — Harms in Engler
& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 8, 261 (1898); Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 605
552

ALANGIACEAE. — ALANGIUM 553

(1900). — Wangerin in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. -220^ 20 (1910). — Pam-
panini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Hal. n. ser. XVII. 132 (1910).

Karangolum chinense Kuntze, Rev. Gen. I. 273 (1891).

Alangium platanifolium, var. /3 genuiniim, f. triangulare Wangerin in Engl •
Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 24, fig. 6, G (1910).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, common, alt. 900 m., August 1, 1907
(No. 1646; shrub 3 m. tall). Western Hupeh: common around
Ichang, alt. 30-900 m., June and August 1907 (No. 165, in part; thin
tree, 6-10 m. tall, flowers white, fruit black) ; Changlo Hsien, thickets,
alt. 600 m., June 1907 (No. 596, in part; bush 3 m. tall, flowers white) ;
same locality, alt. 1000 m., June 1907 (No. 3273; small tree or large
bush, 3-6 m. tall); Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-900 m., June and
October, 1907 (No. 596, in part; bush 2.5-4 m. tall, flowers v/hite,
fruit black); same locality, roadsides, alt. 600 m., June 6, 1907 (No.
3274; bush 3-4.5 m. tall, flowers white); Changyang Hsien, thickets,
alt. 600-900 m., September 1907 (Nos. 3275, 3276; bush 4 m. tall,
fruit black); same locality, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 501); Hsing-
shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m., June and August 1907 (No.
3277; bush 4.5-4 m. tall, fruit black); " Kiu Ki-kou," alt. 800 m.,
June to July 1906, C. Silvestri (No. 1671); " Monti di Ku-tcen," alt.
600 m., July to August 1906, C. Silvestri (No. .1672); without precise
locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1134), A. Hennj (Nos. 1399,
1503, 5855, 5855% 5855^ 6416, 7666). Western Szech'uan :
Wen-ch'uan Hsien, Min valley, alt. 900 m., July 1908 (No. 165, in part;
thin tree 10 m. tall, girth 0.6 m.) ; Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veitch Exped.
No. 4946); Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1689). Northern
Shensi : Lao-y-san, June 4, 1897, and Po-uo-U, 1897, G. Giraldi; same
locality, 1899, Hugh Scallan; Mt. Ngo-san, 1899, Mt. "Ki-san-sien,"
1897, and " Mt. Thui-Rio-tsuen," 1898, Hugh Scallan. Yunnan:
Mengtsze, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10142% 10142^'); Red River
valley, near Manpan, alt. 700 m., A. Henry (No. 10647); Szemao, alt.
1500 m., vl. Henry (No. 13030). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo,
1908, D. Macgregor. Kwangtung: Canton, //ance (No. 663) ; Hong-
kong, C. Wright (No. 608); Hainan, A. Henry (No. 7976).

Alangium chinense is exceedingly variable in the shape of its leaves, but it does
not seem advisable to distinguish varieties, as entire and lobcd leaves often occur on
the same branch. The most extreme forms with deeply lobed leaves has been referred
by Wangerin to A. platanifolium Harms as forma triangulare; of the specimens
he quotes under this name I have seen only Henry's No. G416, which agrees very
well with several of Wilson's specimens, particularly with his No. 3277 which has
some of the leaves even more deeply divided, but on one of the branches two of the
leaves are quite entire and like typical A. chinense; the flowers of No. 3277 are those

554 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

of A. chinense. Other specimens with at least some of the leaves deeply lobed
are Nos. 3275, 1134, Henry's 7666, Hugh Scallan's specimen from Ki-san-scien and
from Lao-y-san and Giraldi's specimen from Po-uo-li. Henry's No. 10142" differs
in its very large broadly ovate leaves sparingly hairy on both sides and with con-
spicuous axillary tufts below. Wilson's No. 1646 from Kiangsi which is in young
fruit seems to be the most distinct form of all and may represent a new species;
it differs in its oblong-ovate, quite entire leaves, with 5-7 pairs of veins, in the
dense brownish pubescence of the short petioles and young branchlets and in the
darker reddish brown color of the mature branches.

Alangium platanifolium Harms in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen-
fam. III. Abt. 8, 261 (1898); in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX 505 (1900).—
Wangerin in Engler, Pfianzenr. IV. -220^ 22, fig. 6 a-f (1910), forma
triangulari excludenda.

Marlea plata7iifolia Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt. 2, 134
(Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 26) (1845). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II.
159 (1866); Prol. Fl. Jap. 91 (1866). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL
Jap. I. 195 (1875). — Hemsley in Jour. Bot. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 344 (1888).

Marlea macrophylla Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. 2, 135
(Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 27) (1845).

Karangolum platanifolium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. I. 273 (1891).

Kiangsi: Kiukiang, foothills, not common, alt. 300 m., August 1,
1907 (No. 1651; bush 5 m. tall). Western Hupeh: north and south
of Ichang, woodlands, alt. 1200-1800 m., September 1907 (No. 142,
in part; bush 2-5 m. tall, fruit black); Hsing-shan Hsien, common,
alt. 1600 m., June 3, 1907 (No. 142, in part) ; same locality, woodlands,
alt. 1200-1500 m., June 1907 (No. 3272; bush 2 m. tall); without pre-
cise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 1731, 4770, 5813, 5813=^). Western
Szech'uan : Wa-shan, woodlands, alt. 1500-1800 m., September 1908
(No. 937, in part; bush 1.2-2 m. tall, flowers pink, fruit black); Chiu-
ting-shan, near Mao-chou, alt. 1200 m., May 22, 1908 (No. 937, in
part; bush 2.5 m. tall); near Monkong Ting, thickets, alt. 1800-2100
m., June 19, 1908 (No. 937, in part; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers rose-pur-
ple); Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 460).

ARALIACEAE.

Determined by H. Harms and Alfred Rehder.

SCHEFFLERA Forst.

Scheflflera Delavayi Harms in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 486 (1900).
Heptapleurum Delavayi Franchet in Jour, de Bot. X. 307 (1896).

Western Szech'uan : Kuan Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-800 m., Oc-
tober 1910 (No. 4559; bush 3-5 m. tall, flowers white). Yunnan:
Mengtsze, A. Henry (No. 9214).

HEDERA L.

Hedera himalaica Tobler, Gatt. Hedera, 67, fig. 31-38 (1912).

Hcdcra Helix Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 515 (non Linnaeus) (1824). — D. Don,
Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 187 (1825). — C. B. Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II.
739 (1879). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XX. 6 (non Linnaeus) (1882). — Hemsley
in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 343 (1888), quoad plantam chinensem. — Harms
in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 487 (1900). — Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
XV. 418 (1908). — Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 423, fig. 287 m-p
(1909), quoad plantam himal. et fig. citatas. — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn.
Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 678 (1910); XVIII. 130 (1911). — Diels in Not.
Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 258, 288 (1912). — Leveill(§, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou,
34 (1914).

Hedera Helix, y? chrysocarpa De Candolle, Prodr. IV. 261 (1830).

Hedera Helix, var. aurantiaca Andre in Rev. Hort. 1884, 84, fig. 20, t.

Hedera himalaica, var. sinensis Tobler, Gatt. Hedera, 79, fig. 39-42 (1912).

Western Hupeh: common around Ichang, alt. 300-1200 m.,
March and May 1907 (No. 2427; fruit orange); " monte Tien-pong-
scian," October 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1613); without precise locahty,
^. i/enri/ (No. 3261). Northern Shensi : " Huo-kio-zaez," July
1897, G. Giraldi; Tai-pei-shan, 1910, W, Purdom. Chekiang:
Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor. Fokien: Dunn's Exped. to central
Fokien, April to June 1905 (Hongkong Herb. No. 2760). Yunnan:
Shweli-Salwin divide, alt. 2100 m., March 1906, G. Forrest (No.
4997); Mengtsze, alt. 1500-2100 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9856, 9856'').

Here may be inserted a note on a genus not collected during the Arnold Arbore-
tum E.xpeditions.

555

556 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

BRASSAIOPSIS Dene. & Planch.

Brassaiopsis fatsioides Harms, n. sp.

Arbuscula, 1-2 m. alta (ex Wilson). Folia ampla, petiolata petiolo subglabro v.
apicem versus parce puberulo, profunde palmato-lobata, basi cordata, membra-
nacea v. papyracea, subtus sparse pilosula v. subglabra, parte integra 3-6 cm.
alta, lobis 7-9 oblanceolatis v. oblongo-oblanceolatis usque oblongis sinu latiusculo
rotundato basi remotis, apice acuminulatis, serrulato-denticulatis, 6-22 cm. longis,
3-8 cm. latis. Panicula elongata, rhachi pilosula v. parce puberula, umbellis
multifloris pedunculatis pedunculis pilosulis v. puberulis 2-3 cm. v. ultra longis;
pedicelli subglabri v. puberuli, 0.5-1.5 cm. v. serius 2 cm. longi; calycis margo
brevissimus non v. vix denticulatus ; petala 5, acuta, 3.5-4 mm. longa; stamina 5;
ovarium obconicum, glabrum v. subglabrum, loculis 2, disco crasso hemisphaerico,
stylo unico, cum stylo 4-5 mm. longum.

Western Szech'uan: without precise locality, roadsides, alt. 1400 m., 1904
(Veitch Exped. No. 3967).

This species is most closely related to B. Griffilhii Clarke and to B. mitis Clarke,
but it differs from the former in its more deeply divided leaves and in the obsolete
calyx-teeth and from B. mitis chiefly in the much slighter pubescence of the in-
florescence. Unfortunately the material 1 have seen of this species consists only of
a large leaf and parts of an inflorescence.

NOTHOPANAX Seem.
Nothopanax Davidii Harms in BoL Jahrh. XXIX. 488 (1900).

Panax Davidii Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VIII. 248 {PL

David. II. 66) (1886); Jour, de Bot. X. 306 (1896).
Acanthopanax diversifolium Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 340 (1888).
Nothopanax diversifolius Harms in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III.

Abt. 8, 48 (1894).

Western Hupeh : Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 900-1200 m., July 1907
(No. 1952; small tree 5-7 m. tall); same locality, alt. 1200-1400 m.,
August 1907 (No. 1957; bush 3 m. tall); Patung Hsien, thickets, alt.
600-1200 m., July and October 1907 (No. 1953; small tree 3.5-7 m.
tall, flowers white, fruit black) ; same locality, alt. 900 m., August 1907
(No. 1958; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers greenish yellow); Hsing-shan
Hsien, thickets, alt. 900-1500 m., August-November 1907 (Nos. 332,
614 in part, 1956, 1957, 1959, i960; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers white,
fruit black); Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt. 900-1200 m., September
1907 (No. 614 in part; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers greenish); north and
south of Ichang, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1564; bush or small
tree, 5-7 m. tall); without precise locahty, A. Henry (No. 2969, type
No. of Acanthopanax diversifolium Hemsley, 6608''). Western Sze-
ch'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 1200-1800 m., August 1908 (No. 875;
bush 1.3-2 m. tall, fruit black; Wa-shan, alt. 1800-2100 m., October

ARALIACEAE. — ACANTHOPANAX 557

1908 (No. 1 136, bush 2-3 m. tall, fruit black); same locality, alt. 1200-
1800 m., August 1908 (No. 1955; bush 1.6-3 m. tall, flowers greenish);
west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1500-1800 m., July
1908 (No. 1954; bush or small tree 3-5 m. tall, flowers greenish).
Nothopanax Bockii Harms is possibly only a small-leaved form of this species.

Nothopanax Rosthornii Harms in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 487 (1900).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 900-1200 m.,
August 1907 (No. 1961, in part; bush 5 m. tall, flowers white); with-
out precise locahty, August 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2497; bush 3 m.
tall). Western Szech'uan: Hungya Hsien, woodlands, alt. 900
m., September 8, 1908 (No. 1961, in part; tree 8 m, tall, flowers white) ;
Mt. Omei, September 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4938; bush 5 m. tall,
flowers white).

A picture of this plant will be found under No. 314 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 102.

ACANTHOPANAX Miq.

Sect. I, Eleutherococcus Harms.

Acanthopanax Henryi Harms in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
III. Abt. 8,49 (1897) ; in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 488 (1900).— Gard. Chron.
ser. 3, XXXVIII. 402, fig. 151 (1905). — Schneider, III. Handh. Lauh-
holzk. II. 424, fig. 289 h-i, 290b (1909).— Stapf in Bot. Mag. CXXXVI.
t. 8316 (1910). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. VIII.
130 (1911).

Eleutherococcus Henryi Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XVIII. t. 1711 (1887). —
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 341 (1887). — Hesse in Mitt. Deutsch.
Dendr. Ges. XXII. 272, fig. (1913).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 1200-2100 m., October
1907 (Nos. 379, 1977; shrub 1.25-2 m. tall, fruit black); without
precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 4832, 7609).

Acanthopanax leucorrhizus Harms in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen-
fam. III. Abt. 7, 49 (1897); in Bot. Jahrh. XXXIX. 488 (1900).—
Bean, Trees & Shruhs Brit. Isl. I. 130, fig. (1914).

Eleutherococcus leu/:orrhizus Ohver in Hooker's Icon. XVIII. sub t. 1711
(1887). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 342 (1887).

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1200-1800 m.,
July and August 1907 (Nos. 1965, 1967; bush 1.60-3.10 m.); Patung

558 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Hsien, thickets, alt. 1200-1500 m., July 1907 (No. 1967; bush 2.30-
3.30 m.); without precise locality, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No.
2229); without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 7909). Western
Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, August 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4936); same
locality, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4937; specimen folioHs valde
angustis).

Acanthopanax leucorrhizus, var. fulvescens Harms & Rehder, n. var.

A typo recedit foliolis subtus praesertim ad costam et nervos fulvo-
villosis, supra setis brevibus subaccumbentibus scabris, interdum sub-
tus ad costam tantum villosis et supra sparse et minute setulosis, sim-
pliciter rarius dupliciter serratis, petiolulis densius et petiolis sparse
fulvo-villosis interdum glabris v. fere glabris.

Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets,
alt. 2300 m., July 1900 (No. 1975, type; bush about 3 m. tall, flowers
white); around Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 1800 m., August and Sep-
tember 1908 (Nos. looi, 1023; bush 1.30-2 m., flowers greenish, fruit
black); same locahty, woods, August 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3693^);
northeast of Sungpan Ting, thickets, alt. 2400-2700 m., August 1910
(No. 4558; bush 3-4 m. tall). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien,
thickets, alt. 1100-1500 m., September 1907 (No. 288; bush 1.60-2 m.
tall, fruit black).

This variety differs from the type chiefly in the fulvous pubescence of the veins
on the under side of the leaflets and in the scabrous pubescence of the upper side;
the number of leaflets varies from 3 to 5. They are mostly elliptic and rather large
and broad, in some si)ecimens 6-13 cm. long, 2.5-6 cm. broad, sharply and rather
closely serrate and often slightly doubly serrate, rarely distinctly doubly serrate as
in No. 288 and particularly in No. 4558, which tlius form a transition to the fol-
lowing variety, altliough they lack the bristles on the veins and petioles.

Acanthopanax leucorrhizus, var. scaberulus Harms & Rehder, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis semper 5-foliolatis, foliolis plerumque obovato-
oblongis V. oblanceolatis dupliciter serratis dentibus acuminatis v.
setoso-acuminatis, supra scabridis, subtus praesertim ad nervos cos-
tamque plus minusve crispulo-villosis et ad costam setosis raro fere
inermibus, petiolis setosis, raro fere inermibus.

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1200 m., September
1907 (No. 323, type; bush 1-1.6, fruit black); same locality, August
and September 1907 (No. 323*; bush 1.6 m. tall, flowers greenish
white, fruit black) ; Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 1500-1800 m., August
and September 1907 (No. 323^; bush 1.3-1.6 m. tall); without precise
locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5950°, 6503**). Western Szech'uan: Wa-

ARALIACEAE. — ACANTHOPANAX 559

shan, thickets, alt. 1200-1800 m., August 1908 (No. 1966; bush 2-3.3
m. tall, flowers green).

This variety resembles the preceding; variety in its leaflets being pubescent
beneath, but the leaves are always 5-foliolat.e, the leaflets smaller and narrower,
generally oblong-obovate, distinctly doubly serrate and furnished with spreading
or slightly reflexed bristles on the petiole and on the midrib beneath. Wilson's
No. 323'^ and Henry's No. 6503^ differ from the type in the leaves being pubescent
only on the midrib, and in Henry's No. 5950" the bristles are wanting on both the
petiole and the midrib; in Wilson's No. 1966 the bristles are nearly wanting. The
stem may be prickly or nearly unai-med.

Acanthopanax setchuenensis Harms in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 488
(1900); XXXVI. Beibl. LXXXII. 81 (1905).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1800-2100 m.,
August and September 1907 (No. 620; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers white,
fruit black); Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1500-1800 m., August
1907 (No. 1968; bush 2-2.6 m. tall, flowers white); without precise
locahty, A. Henry (Nos. 5950*^, 6521, 6630). Western Szech'uan:
Mupin, thickets, alt. 1500-2300 m., September 1908 (No. 865; bush
1.30-3 m. tall, fruit black) ; around Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 1800-2400
m., October 1908 (No. 1044; bush 2-4 m. tall); same locahty, August
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3693); Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1200-2100 m.,
August and October 1908 (No. 11 13; bush 1.3-2.6 m. tall, flowers
greenish, fruit black); "Tsaku-lao, K'ou-shan," August 1891, A. von
Rosthorn (No. 2573, type No.). Northern Shensi: Tai-pei-shan,
1910, W, Purdom (No. 2); Lao-y-shan, 1897, G. Giraldi.

This species is very closely related to A. leucorrhizus Harms, but is easily dis-
tinguished from it by the leaves with almost invariably 3 leaflets (among 18 sheets
with approximately 140 leaves we found only three leaves with 5 and one with 4 leaf-
lets), by their glaucous under side, their more coriaceous texture and by their more
remote and shallower serration; in the type specimens this is restricted to the up-
per part of the leaflets, while in almost all other specimens it extends nearly to the
base. The inflorescence consists of several usually rather short-pedunclcd umbels,
while in A. leucorrhizus there is usually one long-stalked umbel, occasionally with
a few short-stalked smaller ones at its base.

Here is added a species not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Acanthopanax Simonli Schneider, III. Handh. Laiibholzk. 11. 426, fig. 290" (1909).
— Purjiusin Moller's Deutsch. Gdrtn.-Zeit. XXV. 25, fig. (1910). — Bean, Trees &
Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 133 (1914).

Eleutherococcus Simoni Decaisne apud Simon-Louis, Cat. 7 (nomen nudum) (no
date). — Vilmorin & Bois, Frut. Vilmorin. 141 (1904). — Hesse in Milt.
Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XXII. 272, fig. (1913).

Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXVIII. 404, fig. 152 (non
Oliver) (1905).

560 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, alt. 1200-1800 m. (Veitch Exped. No. 1456
and Seed No. 1196; bush 1 m., flowers green); without precise locahty, A. Henry
(No. 6503'').

This species is nearest to A. leucorrhizus Harms, but is well distinguished by the
bristly leaves, by the inflorescence which consists of several short-stalked umbels,
and by the stout recurved prickles gradually tapering from a broad decurrent base
into a pungent point, while in A. leucorrhizus the prickles are slender and thin,
transversely compressed, and abruptly enlarged into a rather small and flat subor-
bicular base.

Sect. II. EuACANTHOPANAX Harms,

Acanthopanax Giraldii Harms in Bot. Jahrh. XXXVI. Beibl. LXXXII
80 (1905).

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2700-3000 m.,
September 1908 (No. 1014; bush 1.3-2 m. tall, fruit black); southeast
of Tachien-lu, alt. 2400 m., June 1908 (No. 1969; bush 1-2 m. tall,
flowers greenish); northeast of Tachien-lu, ascent of Ta-p'ao-shan,
thickets, rare, alt. 3000-3300 m., July 5 and 8, 1908 (Nos. 1970, 1971;
bush 1-2.6 m. tall, flowers greenish); Sungpan Ting, alt. 2400-2700
m., August 1910 (No. 4018; bush 1-1.6 m. tall, fruit black); Pan-lan-
shan, west of Kuan Hsien, thickets, alt. 2400-2700 m., August 1910
(No. 4018^; bush 0.6-2.6 m. tall). Western Hupeh: without pre-
cise locality, A. Henry (No. 6891). Northern Shensi : Tai-pei-shan,
1910, W. Purdom (Nos. 3, 445). Northern Chili: Wei-chang, May
1909, W. Purdom (No. 71).

Acanthopanax Giraldii, var. inermis Harms & Rehder, n. var.

A typo recedit caule inermi v. subinermi, leviter scabrido, nee setis
rigidis armato.

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, upland thickets, alt. 2100-2400 m.,
August and September 1907 (No. 276; bush 1-1.3 m. tall, flowers white,
fruit black); Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 1200 m., September 1907 (No.
1976; bush 1-1.3 m., fruit black); without precise locality, 1901
(Veitch Exped. No. 1020).

This unarmed variety seems to occur only in western Hupeh, while the tjiDical
form is distributed from western Szech'uan through Shensi and Hupeh to northern
Chih.

Acanthopanax Wilsonii Harms, n. sp.

Frutex 1-2-metralis; ramis satis tenuibus glabris vel minute puberu-
lis, cortice cinereo v. sordide subatro, inermibus vel ad nodos setoso-
aculeolatis. Folia graciha, longe v. breviter petiolata, petiolo glabro,
0.5-6 cm. longo; foliola 3-5, subsessilia, pro rata parva, oblanceolata

ARALIACEAE. — ACANTHOPANAX 561

V. lanceolata v. oblongo-oblanceolata (lateralia saepe obliqua et leviter
curvata), basin versus angustata et interdum subpetiolulata, apice
acuta V. acuminata, margine praeter basin subintegram crenulato-
serrulata, glabra, subtus paullo pallidiora, circiter 2-5 cm. longa, 0.5-1.6
cm. lata. Umbella in ramulo abbreviate v. elongate terminalis soli-
taria, pedunculata pedunculo glabro 2-4 cm. longo v. interdum brevis-
simo, pedicellis glabris 5-10 nam. longis; styli 3-5, basi breviter con-
nati. Fructus subglobosus, in sicco angulatus, 6-7 imii. diam., niger.
Western Szech'uan: ascent of Pan-lan-shan, west of Kuan
Hsien, cliffs, alt. 2400-2700 m., June and August 1908 (No. 1972, tyipe);
northeast of Sungpan Ting, thickets, alt. 2400 m., August 1910 (No.
4561); Tachien-lu, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3690).

This species is closely related to A. pentaphyllus Marchal, but is easily dis-
tinguished from it by the terminal inflorescence, by the styles being connate only
at the base, by the narrower leaflets and by the bristle-like prickles.

Acanthopanax Rehderianus Harms, n. sp.

Frutex scandens circiter 3-metralis; ramis satis tenuibus, junioribus
minute puberulis cinereis v. flavido-cinereis; aculeis infrastipularibus
solitariis v. geminis v. paucis dissitis longe decurrentibus validiusculis
recurvis v. fere rectis minute puberulis 0.3-0.5 cm. longis. Folia longe
petiolata petiolis 2-7 cm. longis; foliola 5, rarius 3-4, subsessilia,
obovata v. obovato-oblonga v. oblanceolata, acuta v. breviter acu-
minata, basi sensim attenuata, triente v. interdum dimidio inferiore
excepto crenato-serrulata dentibus leviter incurvis, 2-6 cm. longa et
0.8-2 cm. lata, glabra, supra lucida, subtus vix pallidiora, nervis in-
conspicuis costa media tantum leviter elevata. Umbella in ramulis
abbreviatis v. elongatis terminalis, solitaria, pedunculata pedunculo
glabro 1-2 cm. longo; pedicellis glabris circiter 1 cm. longis gracilibus
interdum 1 v. pluribus ad basin pedunculi evolutis; styli 4-5 breves
connati, apice in stigmata 4-5 brevissima patentia v. recurva divisi.
Fructus subglobosus, in sicco angulatus, 5 mm. longus, niger.

Eastern Szech'uan : Wushan Hsien, alt. 1200 m., September 1907
(No. 1974, type). Western Hupeh: without precise locality, .4.
Henry (No. 5930); without precise locaUty, June 1901 (Veitch Exped.
No. 1020).

This species is most closely related to A. Wilsonii Harms, but the stouter soli-
tary infrastipular prickles, the broader leaflets with more crenate serration, the
shorter peduncles and the connate styles distinguish it at once. From A. penta-
phyllus Marchal with which it agrees in its prickles and in the connate styles it
difl'ers chiefly in its terminal short-stalked inflorescence.

562 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Acanthopanax spinosus Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 10 (pro
parte) (1863), quoad synonyma Linnaei et Thunbergii. — Seemann
in Jour. Bot. V. 238 (1867); Rev. Hederac. 86 (1868). — Hance in
Jour. Bot. XVIII. 261 (1880). — Marchal in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XX.
80 (1881). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 341 (1887).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 427, fig. 290 f-g (1909). — Dunn
& Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 119 {Fl. Kwangtung
& Hongk.) (1912).

Panax spinosum Linnaeus f., Suppl. 441 (1781).

Aralia pentaphylla Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 128 (non Siebold & Zuccarini) (1784). —

De Candolle, Prodr. IV. 259 (1830). — L^veill^, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 34

(1914).
Acanthopanax ? Hemsley in Joiir. Bot. XIV. 207 (1876).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, alt. 600-900 m., June and
October 1907 (No. 1973; scandent bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers greenish,
fruit black); near Ichang, A. Henry (Nos. 3400, 3406''); without pre-
cise locality, A. Henry (No. 1224). Shensi: Yenan Fu, 1910, W.
Purdom (No. 350). Chekiang: Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor.
Yunnan: Mengtsze, A. Henry (No. 10639).

Acanthopanax villosulus Harms, n. sp.

Frutex 1-2-metralis; ramulis glabris cortice incano v. sordide
brunneo, ad basin ramulorum abbreviatorum pulviniformium aculeo
solitario saepe uncinato validiusculo armatis; folia in ramulis laterali-
bus abbreviatis solitaria v. pauca congesta, longe vel longiuscule pe-
tiolata, petiolo 2-9 cm. longo parce pilosulo v. subglabro; foliola 5
sessilia vel subsessilia, oblonga v. obovato-oblonga, basi angustata,
apice acuta v. obtusa, margine sursum fere a medio latiuscule crenato-
serrulata, inferiore parte Integra v. subintegra, supra glabra v. parcis-
sime setulosa, subtus breviter villosula et ad nervos parce setulosa,
2-6 cm. longa, 1-2.5 cm. lata. Umbellae in ramulis abbreviatis
solitariae, breviter v. longe pedunculatae pedunculo glabro 1-5 cm.
longo, pedicellis glabris 4-8 mm. longis, floribus virescentibus;
ovarium glabrum, stylis 2-3 fere liberis v. basi connatis, divaricatis.

Acanthopanax spinosus Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XL. 418

(1908) (non Miquel).
? Acanthopanax spinosus, var. pubescens Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital.

n. ser. XVII. 678 (1910).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, alt. 1200-1800 m., August 1907
(No. 379^); Chienshi Hsien, alt. 1200 m., 1900 (Veitch Exped. No.

ARALIACEAE. — ACANTHOPANAX 563

957). Eastern Szech'uan: without precise locality, cultivated, A.
Henry (No. 5890).

This species is closely related to A. spinosus Miquel, but differs from it in the
villose underside of the leaves.

Acanthopanax lasiogyne Harms, n. sp.

Frutex 2-6-metralis; ramulis glabris cortice subpallido vel pallide
cinereo; folia breviter v. longiuscule petiolata petiolo glabro 1.5-6
cm. longo. Foliola 3, subsessilia v. sessilia v. brevissime petiolulata,
pro rata latiuscula v. lata, oblonga v. obovato-oblonga v. obovata
(lateralia plus minusve obliqua, interdum ovata v. oblongo-ovata),
basi acuta v. in petiolulum angustata v. lateralia oblique obtusa, apice
latiuscule breviter acuminata v. acuminulata v. acuta v. acumine de-
structo obtusa, margine Integra v. subintegra v. sursum pauciserrata,
circiter 4-6 cm. longa et 1.5-4.5 cm. lata. Umbella terrainalis densi-
flora, breviter v. brevissime pedunculata, floribus albidis, pedicellis
parce albido-pilosulis, circiter 5-7 mm. longis, ovario albido-villosulo
tomento detergibili; styli 2, basi connati. Fructus compressus, mar-
gine calycino parce albido-villosulo v. subglabro, stylis 2 basi breviter
V. interdum fere ad medium connatis coronatus, 7-8 mm. longus,
niger.

Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2100-2400 m.,
August and October 1908 (No. 1313, type); same locality, alt. 1500-
1800 m., September 1910 (No. 4167).

This species resembles A. sessiliflorus Seemann in its woolly flowers, but is easily
distinguished from it by the longer pedicels and the nearly free or only partly con-
nate styles.

Acanthopanax evodiaefolius Franchet in Jour, de Bot. X. 306 (1896).

Western Hupeh: mountains north of Ichang, 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1142). Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-
ch'uan Hsien, alt. 2000 m., October 1910 (No. 4204; tree 16 m. tall,
girth 1.3 m., bark smooth, pale gray; fruit black).

Acanthopanax trifoliatus Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 427
(pro synon.) (1909). — Rehder in Bailey, Standard Cycl. Hort. I.
193 (1914).

Zanlhoxylum trifoliatum Linnaeus, Spec. 270 (1753), ed. 2, II. 1455 (1763). —

Lamarck, Encycl. MM. II. 40 (17S6).
Panax aculcatum Aiton, Hort. Kew, III. 448 (1789). — Jacquin, Coll. IV. 175

(1790); Icoji. PL Rar. III. 20, t. 634 (1786-93). — Willdenow, Spec. IV.

564 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

1125 (1805). -De Candolle, Prodr. IV. 252 (1830). — Seemann, Bot. Voy.
Herald 38 (1852).

Pledronia chinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 162 (1790).

Panax Loureirianum De Candolle, Prodr. IV. 252 (1830).

Aralia trifoliata Me5'en, Reise, II. 332 (nomen nudum) (1835), secundum
Walpers in Nov. Act. Leop.-Carol. XIX. Suppl. I. 348 (1834) et K. Koch
in Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanzenk. I. 366 (1859).

Acantho-panax sepium Seemann in Jour. Bot. V. 239 (1867); Rev. Hederac. 86
(1868).

Acanthopanax aculeatum Seemann in Jo2ir. Bot. V. 238 (1867); Rev. Hederac.
86 (1868). — Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 104 (1873). — C.B. Clarke
in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 726 (1879). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Paris, scr. 2, VI. 28 {PI. David. II. 146) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn.
Soc. XXIII. 339 (1887). — Harms in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 489 (1900).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 427, fig. 290 i-i^ (1909). — Pam-
panini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser., XVII. 678 (1910). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X. 109 {Fl. Kwangtung &
Hongk.) (1912). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 33 (1914).

Western Hupeh: common around Ichang, alt. 30-300 m., July,
October and November 1907 (Nos. 399, 399''; scandent bush 3-7 m.,
flowers greenish, fruit black) ; same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 2253, 2639,
2702). Yunnan: Mengtsze, A. Henry (No. IIISS"^); Szemao, A.
Henry (Nos. 12561, 12770).

Henry's No. 11158^ differs in its more numerous bristles.

Here maybe added a new species not collected during the Arboretum Expeditions.

Acanthopanax stenophyllus Harms, n. sp.

Frutex ramulis tenuibus, subglabris v. glabris, cortice cinereo. Folia longe v.
longiuscule petiolata petiolo glabro 3-7 cm. longo; foliola 3-5, angusta, petiolulata
V. subsessilia, lanceolata v. oblanceolata v. oblongo-oblanceolata, basi angustata,
apice acuminata acumine saepe tenui curvato, margine argute simphciter v. inter-
dum duphcate serrata, glabra, subtus pallidiora, 2-6.5 cm. longa, 0.4-1.5 cm.
lata. Umbella terminaUs sohtaria, breviter v. interdum longius pedunculata
pedunculo glabro in specimine typico 0.5 cm. longo, pedicellis glabris 0.8-1.3 cm.
longis; styU 3-5, basi in columnam brevem v. brevissimam connati.

Shensi : Tai-pei-shan, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 4, type); same locaUty, G. Giraldi
(No. 2231 in Herb. Berol.).

This species is characterized by its comparatively narrow leaflets; in Giraldi's
specimen the leaflets are somewhat broader than in the type.

KALOPANAX Miq.

Kalopanax ricinifolius Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 10
(1863). — Harms in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abt. 8,
51 (1897); in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 489 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov.
Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 678 (1910).

Panax ricinifolium Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. 2, 199 {Fl.
Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 91) (1845).

ARALIACEAE. — PENTAPANAX 565

Brassaiopsis ricinifolia Seemann in Jour. Bot. II. 291 (1864).

Acanthopanax ricinifolium Seemann in Jour. Bot. VI. 140 (1868) ; Rev. Hederac.

86 (1868). — Marchal in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XX. pt. 2, 83 (1881). — Hance

in Jour. Bot. XXIII. 323 (1885). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII.

340 (1887). — Sargent in Gard. & For. VI. 234, fig. 36 (1893). — Shirasawa,

Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 56, fig. 11-24 (1908). — Schneider, III. Handb.

Laubholzk. II. 429, fig. 289 v-z, 291 b-d (1909). — Koehne in Mitt. Deutsch.

Dendr. Ges. XXII. 145, fig. (1913). — Rehder in Bailey, Standard Cycl.

Hort. I. 192, fig. 80 (1914).
Acanthopanax ricinifolius, var. magnificus Zabel in Gartenwelt, XI. 535 (1907).
Acanthopanax acerifoliurn Schelle in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XVII. 297

(1908); XVIII. 289 (1909).

Kiangsi: Kiukiang, 1S7 3, G. Shearer. Western Hupeh: Hsing-
shan Hsien, woodlands, rare, alt. 1200 m., August and November 1907
(No. 602; tree 18 m, tall, girth 2 m., fruit black); north and south of
Ichang, woodlands, alt. 600-1200 m., September and November 1907
(No. 1963; tree 7-23 m. tall, girth 1-2 m., flowers white, fruit black);
same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 2246% 3101); " Tien-scian-sien," alt.
700 m., November 1906, C. Silvestri (No. 1601) ; without precise lo-
cality, A. Henry (No. 4573). Western Szech'uan: nearWa-shan,
woodlands, alt. 2000 m., September 17, 1908 (No. 1962; tree 13 m.
tall, girth 2.6 m.).

The Chinese specimens before us differ somewhat from the Japanese type in
the leaves being truncate or sometimes even broadly cuneate at the base, in their
shorter and broader lobes sometimes reduced to a point, in their wider sinuses
forming about a right angle, in their smaller and usually incurved teeth, and as
regards the Hupeh specimens in their glaucescent and glabrous or nearly glabrous
under surface, while the Szech'uan specimen has the leaves green and slightly
pubescent beneath. The Chinese form, too, is a smaller tree with a slenderer trunk
measuring rarely more than 2 m. in girth, while the trunk of the Japanese tree
often attains 5 m. and occasionally 7 m. in girth.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 354, 396, 524, 050, 0170 of the col-
lection of Wilson photographs and in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 267,
268, 269; also in his collections of Japanese photographs, Nos. x40, x278, x291,
x292, x408, x436, x446.

PENTAPANAX Seem.

Pentapanax Henryi Harms in Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. 21 (1896) ; XXIX.
489 (1900).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, cliffs, alt. 1800-2100 m., August
1908 (No. 131 1, in part; bush 1.6-3 m. tall, flowers white) ; near Fulin,
among rocks, alt. 1800-2300 m., September 16, 1908 (No. 1311, in
part; bush 1.3-4 m. tall, flowers white); near Tachien-lu, cliffs, alt.
1800-2100 m., September, October and November 1908 (No. 1311, in

566 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

part; flowers white, fruit black); Pan-lan-shan, west of Kuan Hsien,
cliffs, alt. 1800-2100 m., October 1910 (No. 4284; bush 2-2.6 m. tall,
flowers white, fruit black).

ARALIA L.

Aralia chinensis Linnaeus, Spec. 273 (1753). — De Candolle, Prodr.
IV. 259 (1830). — Bentham, Fl Hongk. 135 (1861). — Seemann in
Jour. Bot. VI. 133 (1868); Rev. Hederac. 90 (1868). — Henriques in
Bol Soc. Broter. III. 149 (1885). — Harms in Bot. Jahrh.XXlX. 490
(1900). — Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 418 (1908). —
Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 55, fig. 13-24 (1908).—
Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 431, fig. 291 h, 292 b-g (1909). —
Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 678 (1910);
XVIII. 130 (1911).

Leea spinosa Sprengel, Syst. I. 670 (1825).

Aralia mandshurica Maximowicz io Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 134

(1857). — Maack & Ruprecht in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XV. 367

(1857).
Dimorphanthus mandshuricus Ruprecht & Maximowicz in Mem. Sav. £tr. Acad.

Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 133 (Prim. Fl. ATmir.) (1859).
Aralia spinosa Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 7 (1863) (non Linnaeus). —

Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 191 (1875). — Hemsley in Jour.

Linn. Soc. XXIII. 338 (1881). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc.

Inform, add. ser. X. 118 {Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912).
Aralia Decaisneana Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. s^r. 5, V. 215 (1866) ; in Jour.

Bot. IV. 172 (1866).
Aralia Planchoniana Hance in Jour. Bot. IV. 172 (1866).
Aralia mandshurica Seemann in Jour. Bot. VI. 134 (1868).
Aralia japonica Hort. ex K. Koch, Deiidr. I. 674 (pro synon.) (1869).
Aralia spinosa, ^ canescens Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 192 (1875).
Aralia spinosa, var. Chinensis Sargent, Silva N. Am. V. 90 (1895).

Kiangsi : Ruling, thickets, alt. 1200 m., August 1, 1907 (No. 1508;
unbranched shrub 1.3-2 m. tall, flowers white). Western Hupeh:
north and south of Ichang, thickets, alt. 900-1500 m., August and
September 1907 (No. 128, in part; shrub 2-4 m. tall, flowers white,
fruit black) ; 'Changyang Hsien, alt. 900-1500 m., August 1907 (No.
128, in part); Patung Hsien, alt. 900-1500 m., August 1907 (No. 128,
in part); Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 900-1500 m., August 1907 (No. 128,
in part). Northern Shensi : Lao-y-san, lS97,G.Giraldi.

The specimens enumerated above are all rather densely pubescent on the under
side of the leaves and show scarcely any variation; they represent apparently typ-
ical A. chinensis, which seems to reach its western limit in western Hupeh, while
farther west it is replaced by the following variety.

ARALIACEAE. — ARALIA 567

A picture of A. chinensis will be found under No. 0110 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs.

Aralia chinensis, var. glabrescens Schneider, III. Handh. Lauhholzk.
II, 431 (1909).

Dimorphanthus elatus Miquel, Comm. Phytoq. 95, t. 12 (1840).

? Aralia canescens Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV. 2, 202 {Fl.

Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 94) (1845).
Aralia elala Seemann in Jour. Bat. VI. 134 (1868); Rev. Hederac. 90 (18GS).
Aralia spinosa, var. glabrescens Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 191

(1875).
Aralia chinensis, var. canescens Koehne, Dendr. 432 (1893).
Aralia spinosa, var. elata Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 233 (1893); Forest

Fl. Jap. 44 (1894); Silva N. Am. V. 60 (1895).

Northern Hupeh: " Monte Triora," alt. 1950 m., October 1907,
C. Silvestri (No, 1609). Eastern Szech'uan : Wushan Hsien, alt.
900-1200 m., thickets, September 1907 (No. 128^ shrub 3 m. tall,
fruit black). Western Szech'uan: Pan-lan-shan, west of Kuan
Hsien, alt. 2400-2700 m., October 1910 (No. 4386; bush 3 m. tall, fruit
black); Mao-chou, Min River valley, thickets, alt. 2400 m., August
1910 (No. 4560; bush 2-2.6 m. tall, flowers white); without precise
locality, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3692; specimen foliolis subtus
parce pubescentibus). Northern Shensi : Tai-pei-shan, 1910, W.
Purdom (No, 1; specimen foholis angustis).

This variety differs from the type in the glabrous or nearly glabrous glaucescent
under side of the leaflets; from the equally glabrous A. chinensis, var. mandshurica
Rehder it differs chiefly in the usually smaller, more chartaceous leaflets with
smaller appressed teeth. Wilson's No. 128" has somewhat larger leaves with more
pubescent veins and forms thus a transition toward the type.

Aralia Wilsonii Harms, n. sp.

Fruticosa, 2-3 m. alta, ramulis subglabris v. minute puberulis.
Folia ampla, longe petiolata, duplo-pinnata, petiolo ipso circiter 14-16
cm. longo, rhachi tota cum petiolo circiter 30-40 cm. longa, glabra v.
subglabra, pinnis bijugis v. trijugis, rhachi folii ad basin pinnarum
infimarum interdum pari foliolorum instructa, foliola in pinnis 3-7,
petiolulata v. superiora sessilia v. subsessilia, oblongo-ovata v. ovata,
basi saepe obliqua obtusa v. rotundata v. emarginulata v. obtusiuscula
V. rarius leviter cuneato-angustata, apice longiuscule acuminata, mar-
gine simpliciter' V. duplicate serrulata, glabra v. subglabra, 3-5 cm.
longa, 1.5-2.5 cm. lata; inflorescentia terminalis ampla, ramosa, axi ra-
mulisque glabris v. subglabris, umbellis verticillatis v. racemosis, pe-
dunculatis, pedunculis 3-6 mm. longis, pcdicellis glabris v. subglabris

568 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

5-10 mm. V. serius 20 mm. longis; styli 5; fructus immaturi 5-angulati,
maturi nigri, subglobosi, circiter 5 mm. diam.

Western Szech'uan: Ching-chi Hsien, Fei-yueh-ling, thickets,
rare, alt. 2100 m., August 1908 (No. 1964, type); without precise
locality, alt. 1700 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3717).

Apparently closely related to A. chinensis L. but easily distinguished by the
glabrous inflorescence and the glabrous leaves bright green on their under side.

CORNACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder.

TORRICELLIA DC.

TorriceUia angulata Oliver in Hooker's Icon.XXlX. 1. 1893 (1889).—
Harms in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 50G (1900). — Wangerin in Engler,
Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 33, fig. 6 (1910).— Leveille, i^L Komj-Tcheou, 117
(1914).

TorriceUia intermedia Harms in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 507 (1900). — Wangerin
in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 33 (1910).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets and roadsides, rare,
alt. 1000 m.. May 8 and June 7, 1907 (No. 2349; bush 1-2 m. tall,
flowers dirty white). Eastern Szech'uan : Taning Hsien, alt. 600-
1300 m., July 1910 (No. 4611; bush 2-7 m. tall, fruit black); Wushan
Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5524). Western Szech'uan: Nanch'uan,
A. von Rosthorn (No. 1542, type of T. intermedia).

TorriceUia intermedia does not seem to be specifically distinct from T. angulata,
for Wilson's No. 4611 is clearly intermediate between von Rosthorn's and Henry's
specimens; the leaves are sparingly dentate between the lobes, and the veins on the
underside are very slightly and sparingly pubescent, while in Henry's specimen they
are perfectly glabrous with the exception of small tufts of hairs in the axils of the
veins. The staminate flowers of T. angulata not previously described are borne in
many-flowered and much-branched drooping nearly sessile panicles 6-10 cm. long
and developed from leafless axillary and terminal buds; rachis slightly puberiilous,
the ramifications subtended by small lanceolate or irregularly ovate-lanceolate
scarious and glabrous bracts; pedicels with two small bractlets about the middle,
2-3 mm. long; tube of the calyx nearly flat, with very short broadly triangular or
obsolete teeth; petals oblong-lanecolate, slightly concave with incurved apex, 3-4
mm. long; stamens with short filaments about 1 mm. long and with broadly oval
anthers 1.5 mm. long; the rudimentary pistil consists of a flat disk.

A picture of this plant will be found under No. 0166, of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Here may be added a reference to a species not collected during the Arnold
Arboretum Expeditions.

TorriceUia tiliifolia De Candolle, Prodr. IV. 257 (1830). — Seemann in Jour.
Bot. III. 361, t. 41 (1865). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 748 (1879). —
Wangerin in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. -229, 31 (1910).

Sambucus tiliaefolia Wallich, Cat. No. 483 (nomen nudum) (1828).
569

570 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Yunnan: Szemao, mountains west, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11909);
Puerh Fu, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 13297).

This species does not seem to have been reported before from China. The
leaves of Henry's No. 11909 show a slight tendency toward lobing, otherwise the
specimens agree perfectly with those from Sikkim.

HELWINGIA Willd.

Helwingia japonica F. G. Dietrich, Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gdrtn. Bot.
III. 660 (1817). — Steudel, Nomencl 399 (1821). — Morren & Decaisne
in Bull. Acad. Brux. III. 170 (1836). — De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 1,
680 (1868). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 195 (1875). —
Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. 11, t. 58, fig. 1-9 (1908). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Laubholzk. 11. 434, fig. 294 c (1909). — Wangerin in Engler,
Pfianzenr. IV.-229, 35 (1910).

Osyris japonica Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 31 (1784); Icon. PI. Jap. Dec. 3, t. 1
(1863). — F. G. Dietrich, Vollst. Lex. Gcirtn. Bot. VI. 576 (1806).

Helwingia rusciflora Willdenow, Spec. IV. 716 (1805). — Hagen, Preussens
Pflanz. II. t. (1818). — Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 164, t. 86 (1835). —
Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 21 (1867) ; Prol. Fl. Jap. 209 (1867). —
Hemsleyin Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 341 (1888). — Harms in Bot. Jahrb.
XXIX. 505 (1900).— L^veille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 34 (1914).

Kiangsi: Ruling, common among rocks, alt. 1300 m., July 31,
1907 (No. 1607; bush 1-1.5 m. tall). Western Hupeh: north and
south of Ichang, abundant, roadside thickets, alt, 600-1300 m., Sep-
tember 1907 (No. 132, in part; bush 1-1.5 m. tall); Hsing-shan Hsien,
abundant, thickets, alt. 600-1300 m.. May 11 and 27, 1907 (No. 132,
in part); without precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5282", 5282«).
Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 1000-
1600 m., June 1908 (No. 132, in part); near Tachien-lu, alt. 3000-4500
m,, A. E. Pratt (No, 99); Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1685,
fruit). Northern Shensi: " Qua-in-san," July 16, 1897, G. Giraldi.
Yunnan: without precise locality, Delavay (No, 3718).

Of Delavay's No. 3718 I have only a few detached leaves with fruits before me
which I cannot distinguish from those of H. japonica, though all the other speci-
mens from Yunnan I have seen belong to H. himalaica Hooker f. & Thomson.

Helwingia japonica, var. hypoleuca Hemsley in herb.

A typo recedit foliis subtus glaucis, sub lente dense papillosis.

Hupeh: without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 1706, type);
Changlo Hsien, roadside thickets, common, alt. 1000 m,, September
1907 (No. 132% in part). Eastern Szech'uan: " Tchen-keou-tin,"
Farges (No. 758).

CORNACEAE. — HELWINGIA 571

Wilson's specimens are somewhat less glaucous and less strongly papillose than
Henry's and Farges's specimens and form a transition toward the type.

Helwingia himalaica Hooker f. & Thomson apud Clarke in Hooker f.,
Fl. But. Ind. II. 726 (1879). — Harms in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 505
(1900). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 357 (1906). — Wangerin in Engler,
PJlanzenr. IV.-229, 37 (1910).

Western Szech'uan: Hung-ya Hsien, red sandstone cliffs, alt.
800 m., September 6, 1908 (No. 2415; shrub 45 cm. tall; fruit red);
Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4942; shrub 3 m. tall).
Yunnan: Mengtsze, woods, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9032,
9032% 9032 ^ 9032", red fruit); Szemao, alt. 1300-1600 m., A. Henry
(Nos. 11992, 11992''; shrub 2 m., fruit red).

Wilson's specimens from Szech'uan differ somewhat from typical H. himalaica
in their thicker bluish green leaves and less numerous staminate flowers. The
fruits of the Szech'uan and of the Yunnan specimens are red, and this appears to
be also the color of the fruits of Himalayan specimens before me, though in none
of the descriptions of this species is the color mentioned.

Helwingia chinensis Batahn in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIII. 97 (1893). —
Harms in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 505 (1900). — Wangerin in Fedde, Rey.
Spec. Nov. IV. 337 (1907) ; in Engler, PJlanzenr. IV.-229, 37, fig. 8
(1910).

Helwingia japonica, var. himalaica Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6r.
2, VIII. 249 (PI. David. II. 67) (non H. himalaica Hooker f. & Thomson)
(188.5).
Helwingia rusciflora Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 341 (pro parte, non
Willdenow) (1888).

Western Szech'uan: Chiu-ting-shan, thickets, alt. 1300 m.,
May 22, 1908 (No. 172^, bush 1-2 m. tall); Niu-tou-shan, west of
Kuan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m., June 20, 1908 (No. 172'');
Lungan Fu, Tu-ti-liang-shan, thickets, alt. 2000-2300 m., August
1910 (Nos. 4471, 4472; bush 2 m. tall, fruit black); near Sungpan
Ting, thickets, alt. 2300-3000 m., August 1910 (No. 4473, bush 1.5
m. tall, fruit black); Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (Nos. 1672, 1684
[var. longipedicellata Wangerin], 1698); without precise locality,
August 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3696), A. Henry (No. 5282^).

Helwingia chinensis, var. macrocarpa Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn.
Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 681, fig. 16 (1910).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, rocky places, alt.
1300 m., June and August 1907 (No. 172, bush 1-2 m. tall); without
precise locality, A. Henry (No. 6719).

572 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

The fruits of Henry's No. 6719 agree verj^ well with Pampanini's description and
figure; and Wilson's No. 172^ seems nearer to this variety than to the type, though
the fruits are slightly smaller. The flowering branch of Wilson's specimen has
staminate flowers with very slender pedicels almost like those of H. chinensis, var.
longipedicellata Wangerin.

AUCUBA Thurb.

Aucuba chinensis Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 138 (1861). — Hemsley in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 346 (1888). — Henry in Trans. As. Soc. Jap.
XXIV. suppl. 48 {List PI. Formosa) (1896). — Matsumura & Hayata
in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 178 {Enum. PI. Formos.) (1906). —
Wangerin in Engler, Pflaiizenr. IV.-229, 40, fig. 9 b, c (1910).—
Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 455, fig. 502 k (1909). — Leveille,
Fl. Ivouy-Tcheou, 115 (1914).

Aucuha japonica Harms in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 507 (non Thunberg) (1900).
Aucuba japonica, var longifolia Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIII. 43 (pro
parte) (1909), quoad synon. A. chinensis.

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets, alt. 30-
1000 m., April 10 and June 1907 (No. 2047) ; bush 1-3 m. tall, fruit red) ;
without precise locality. May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 314). Western
Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3701);
same locality, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4955; Nanch'uan, A.
von Rosthorn (No. 456). Yunnan: Feng-chen-lin Mt., forests, alt.
2300-2500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10122, 10123); Mengtsze, forests
east, A. Henry (No. 10123*). Hongkong: Happy Valley, De-
cember 1, 1899, Mou. Formosa: Bankinsing, A. Henry (No. 140).

This species is exceedingly variable. Most of the forms from central and west-
em China differ from the type as represented by the Hongkong plant in their
smaller leaves, shorter fruiting panicles and smaller fruits. The Hongkong plant
with which Wilson's Nos. 3701 and 4955 from Mt. Omei agree has large generally
oblong leaves 12-20 cm. long and 3.5-8 cm. broad, elongated fruiting panicles
with the peduncle 8-10 cm. long and distinctly pedicelled oblong fruits about 2
cm. long. All the other specimens from central and western China have smaller
leaves varj'ing from obovate to linear-oblong and from coarsely dentate to nearly
entire, short glomerulate panicles with the peduncle about 3-4 cm. long and ovoid
fruits tapering toward the apex and 1.2-1.5 cm. long; the leaves are quite or nearly
glabrous beneath except on Henry's No. 10123 from Yunnan, which has the midrib
and the lateral veins covered with short spreading hairs. As stated above the
leaves of the western plant vary from obovate to linear-oblong and as the most
extreme forms look very distinct, they may be distinguished as follows:

Aucuba chinensis, forma obcordata Rehder, n. f.

A typo recedit foliis obovatis, basin versus sensim angustatis et infra medium
integris v. fere integris, apice truncatis et in dentem medium longum acutum
desinentibus, dentibus lateralibus minoribus interdum ad mucrones reductis, 8-14
cm. longis et 4.5-8 cm. latis.

CORNACEAE. CORNUS 573

Western Hupeh: Ichang, San-yu-tung glen, April 1901 (Veitch Exped. No.
101, type), A. Henry (Nos. 3353, 3353").

Aucuba chinensis, forma angustifolia, Rehder n. f.

A typo recedit foliis aiigiist(> v. lineari-lanccolatis, denticulatis, rarius manifeste
dentatis v. intcrdum fere integris, acumine longo saepe falcato, 7-20 cm. longis et
1.5-3.5 cm. latis.

Yunnan: Yuan-chang, alt. 2300 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10123^ type, 13300).
Western Hupeh: without precise locality, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 703),
A. Henry (Nos. 5383, 5383").

Henry's No. 5383 differs from the type of this form in its smaller rather coarsely
dentate leaves distinctly broadest above the middle and gradually narrowed toward
the base, while his No. 5383* has the leaves pubescent on the veins beneath,
but in shape and dentation much hke those of the type. Wilson's No. 703 has
smaller and narrower nearly entire leaves with only 4 or 5 minute almost invisible
teeth on each side.

CORNUS L.

Cornus controversa Hemsley in Bot. Mag. CXXXV. in textu ad t.
8261 (1909); in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1909, 331. — Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. II. 437, fig. 294 i, 295 c-d (1909). — Wangerin in
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 49, fig. 14 c-d (1910). — Pampanini in
Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 681 (1910).

Cornus brachypoda K. Koch, Dendr. I. 685 (pro parte, non C. A. Meyer)
(1869). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 435 (pro parte) (1893); in Gartenfl. XLV.
285 (1896).

Cornus glauca Blume mscr. ex K. Koch, Dendr. I. 685 (pro synon.) (1869). —
Blume ex Koehne in Gartenfl. XLV. 286 (pro synon.) (1896); XLVI. 96
(pro synon.) (1897).

Cornus macrophylla Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 744 (pro parte, non
Wallich) (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 345 (pro parte)
(1886). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 435 (1893); in Gartenfl. XLV. 286,
fig. 51, 1 (1896); XLVI. 96 (1897). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I.
121, t. 77, fig. 13-23 (1900). — Harms in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 506 (1900).

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, common, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907
(No. 1536; small tree, 5 m. tall). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien,
woodlands, common, alt. 1000-1300 m.. May and August 1907 (No.
83; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1.20 m., fruit black); Changyang Hsien,
common, alt. 1300-1600 m., June 3 and September 1907 (No. 129,
tree 8-16 m. tall, girth 1-2 m., fruit black) ; same locality, woodlands,
alt. 1300-2000 m., May and September 1907 (No. 133; tree 7-12 m.
tall, girth 1-2 m., flowers white, fruit black); Nanto, April 1900
(Veitch Exped. No. 233); "Ma-kin-kcon," alt. 700 m., April 1907, C.
Silvestri (No. 1679). Western Szech'uan : Chiu-ting-shan, thickets,
alt. 600-1300 m., May 1908 (No. 1848, in part; tree 8-20 m. tall,

574 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

girth 1-2.5 m.); Wa-shan, woods, alt. 300-1300 m., June 1908 (No.
1848, in part); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4951);
'Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1125). Yunnan: Red River valley,
nearManpan, alt. 600 m., A. Henry (No. 10747'*).

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 371 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western Chdna, No. 169'.

Comus Hemsleyi Schneider & Wangerin in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov,
VII. 229 (1909). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 446, fig.
296 m-n (1909). — Wangerin in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 67 (1910).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1800 m., June
1907 (No. 1847; tree 5-8 m. tall, flowers white). Eastern Szech'uan :
western Hsien, July 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1385). Western
Szech'uan: Niu-tou-shan, west of Kuan Hsien, alt. 2300-2800 m,^
June 21, 1908 (No. 1843 ; bush 3-4 m. tall, flowers white, anthers blue) ;
Wa-shan, thickets, ait. 2000-2600 m., July 1908 (No. 1845; tree 8 m.
tall, girth 1 m., flowers white) ; Pan-lan-shan, west of Kuan Hsien, alt.
3000 m., August 1910 (No. 4017, in part; bush 7 m. tall); northeast of
Sungpan Tmg, woods, alt. 2600-3000 m., August 1910 (No. 4017, in
part; bush 3-7 m. tall, stems red, fruit blue-black); Mupin, thickets^
alt. 1600-2500 m., June 1908 (No. 1844; bush 2-6 m. tall); Mt. Omei,
June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4952). Northern Shensi:"Kio-
tou-san," July 14, 1897, G. Giraldi (No. 3290) ; " Ngo-san," 1899, Hugh
Scallan. Western Kansu: Min-chou district, alt. 2600-3000 m.,
1910, W. Purdom.

Comus poliophylla Schneider & Wangerin in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov.
VII. 228 (1909). — Schneider, III. Handb, Laubholzk. II. 447, fig. 298 a
(1909). — Wangerin in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 68 (1910).

Western Hupeh: without precise locality, June 1901 (Veitch
Exped. No. 2167, flowering branches). Western Szech'uan:
west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 2300 m., June and
August 1708 (No. 809; small tree, 7 m. tall, flowers white, fruit black);
near Hongkong Ting, alt. 2300 m., June 19, 1908 (No. 1846; bush 6 ft.
tall, flowers white, anthers blue).

Comus ulotrieha Schneider & Wangerin in Fedde, Rep. Spes. Nov,
VII. 228 (1909). — Schneider, HI. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 445, fig. 298 c
(1909). — Wangerin in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 65 (1910).

Western Hupeh: without precise locality, July 1901 (Veitch
Exped. No. 234P). Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-

CORNACEAE. — CORNUS 575

ch'uan Hsien, alt. 2500 m., July 1908 (No. 1841; tree 13 m. tall, girth
1.60 m., flowers white).

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 69 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 0171.

Cornus macrophylla Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. I. 433 (1820). —
D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 141 (1825). — De Candolle, Prodr. IV. 272
(1830). — Wight, 7ZL II. t. 122 B (1850). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind
252, t. 32 (1874); Ind. Trees, 355 (1906). — Clarke in Hooker, Fl
Brit. Ind. II. 744 (pro parte) (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc
XXIII. 345 (pro parte) (1888); in Bot. Mag. CXXXV. t. 8261 (1909)
in Kew Bidl. Misc. Inform. 1909, 330. — J. H. Veitch in Jour. Hort
Soc. Lond. XXVII. 861, fig. (1902). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laub
holzk. II. 444, fig. 296 k, 297 s-v, x (1909.)— Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou
116 (1914).

Cormis alba Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 62 (non Linnaeus) (1784). — Siebold & Zuc-
carini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV. 2, 194 (Ft. Jap. Fam. Nat. I. 86) (1845). —
Miquel in Ann. il/i/s. Lugd.-Bat. II. 160 (1866); Prol. Fl. Jap. 92 (1866).

Cornus sanguinea, Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 63 (non Linnaeus) (1784). — Siebold
& Zuccarini, 1. c. (1845).

Cornus brachypoda, C. A. Meyer in Ann. Sci. Nat. scr. 3, IV. 74 (1845). —
Walpers, Ann. II. 725 (1852). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 160
(1866); Prol. Fl. Jap. 92 (1866). — Koehne in Gartenfl. XLVI. 94 (1897);
in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Gcs. XII. 44 (1903). — Harms in Bot. Jahrb.
XXIX. 506 (1900). — Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs, I. 81, t. 41
(1903). — Wangerin in Engler, Pfianzenr. IV.-229, 64 (1910).

Cornus Thelicanis Lebas in Rev. Hort. 1875, 394, fig. 64.

Cornus crispula Hance in Jour. Bot. X. 216 (1881).

Cornus corynostylis Koehne in Gartenfl. XLV. 286, fig. 51'.^ (1896).

Cornus Theleryana Hort. ex Koehne, 1. c. (pro. synon.).

Cornus ignorata Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 121, t. 77 (non K. Koch)
(1900).

Cornus glauca Blume ex Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs, I. 81 (pro synon.)
(1903).

Cornus Thelycrania Hort. ex Rehder 1. c. (pro synon.).

Cornus Religiana Hort. ex Hemsley in Kcw Bull. Misc. Inform. 1909, 330
(pro synon.).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woods, common,
alt. 1200-1800 m.. May and September 1907 (No. 140, in part; tree
6-15 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m., flowers white, fruit black); Fang Hsien,
woodlands, alt. 1800 m., June 1907 (No. 140, in part); Hsing-shan
Hsien, woods, alt. 1500 m., August 1907 (No. 140, in part); Patung
Hsien, alt. 1500 m.. May 1907 (No. 140, in part); without precise lo-
cality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 984, 1152), May 1901 (Veitch
Exped. 1935), A. Henry (Nos. 5506, 6300"). Western Szech'uan:

576 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 495P). Northern Shensi :
'' Ta-sce-tsuen," September 18, 1897, G. Giraldi (No. 3287). Yunnan :
Mengtsze, alt. 2100 m., A. Henry (No. 10747).

I am unable to follow Koehne and Wangerin in distinguishing C. macrophylla
and C. brachypoda as species. There seems to be no rehable character by which to
separate them, even the shape of the style upon which much stress is laid by these
authors is variable; though in the Japanese and Korean specimens the stj^le is ap-
parently always cylindric or very slightly thickened at the apex, it is not uniformly
clavate in the Himalayan specimens and varies even in the same inflorescence, while
in the Chinese specimens the style is mostly more or less though usually only
slightly thickened. The somewhat smaller fruit and the more shrubby habit of the
Japanese plant are not sufRcient characters for specific separation. The geographi-
cal distribution of the species as I understand it is almost exactly that of C. con-
troversa Hemsley.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 574 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 0170.

Coraus Walteri Wangerin in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. VI. 99 (1908);
in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 71 (1910). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Lauhholzk. II. 450 (1909).

Cornus Henryi Hemsley apud Wangerin in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 90 (1910).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1800 m.,
June and October 1907 (Nos. 375, in part, 592; tree 12 m. tall, girth 1.2
m., flowers white, fruit blue-black) ; same locality, alt. 900-1200 m., June
15, 1910 (No. 4744; tree 8 m. tall, girth 0.6 m.); Changyang Hsien,
alt. 1500 m., June and October 1907 (No. 375, in part); Fang Hsien,
woodlands, alt. 900-1500 m., June and October 1907 (No. 375, in part;
tree 6-12 m. tall, flowers vv^hite); Patung Hsien, alt. 1400 m., June
1907 (No. 375, in part) ; without precise locality. May 1901 (Veitch
Exped. No. 764, in part, flowering branch with the flowers partly in
bud), A. Henry (Nos. 3891, 6382). Western Szech'uan : west and
near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, woods, alt. 1800-2200 m., September 1908
(No. 1017, tree 10-15 m. tall, girth 1.2-1.8 m.); Mupin, thickets, alt.
1800 m., June 1908 (No. 1842; bush 3-3.5 m. tall, flowers white,
" Yu-chin shu ").

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 017 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Cornus paucinervis Hance in Jour. Bot. XIX. 217 (1881). — Hems-
ley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 346 (1888). — Koehne mGarienfl. XLV.
287 (1896); in Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XII. 46 (1903). — Harms
in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 506 (1900). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk.
II. 449, fig. 298 n-o (1909). — Wangerin in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-229,

CORNACEAE. — CORNUS 577

72, fig. 18 a-e (1910). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
XVII. 681 (1910). — Leveille, Fl Kouy-Tcheou, 116 (1914).

Cornus quinquenervis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. X. 307 (1896). — Koehne in
Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendr. Gcs. XII. 46 (1903).

Western Hiipeh: abundant around Ichang, alt. 30-600 m., June
and September 1907 (No. 136; shrub 1-3 m. tall, flowers white, fruit
black); without precise locality, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 495).
Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.
4950); without precise locality, E. Fdber (No. 637). Yunnan:
Mengtsze, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10800, 10800=^). K w a n g -
tung: West River, C. Ford.

Though Faber's No. 637 differs from all other specimens in its much broader,
elliptic to broadly obovate more densely pubescent leaves, I think it must be re-
ferred to this species. The flowers which are not yet open agree well with those
of typical C. paucinervis in their comparatively large lanceolate sepals and dis-
tinctly clavate style.

Cornus chinensis Wangerin in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. VI. 100 (1908) ;
in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 80 (1910). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. II. 452, fig. 229 m (1909).

Cornus officinalis Harms in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 506 (non Siebold & Zuccarini)
(1900).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woods, not common,
alt. 1500-1800 m.. May 1907 (No. 88, in part; tree 6-12 m. tall, flowers
yellow) ; Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1800 m., May and August 1907
(No. 88, in part; tree 14 m. tall, fruit black); without precise locality
(Veitch Exped. No. 552), A. Henry (Nos. 5733, 6560, 6707). Western
Szech'uan: Wa-shan, woods, alt. 1500-2200 m., September 1908
(No. 825, in part; tree 5-9 m. tall, fruit black); Mupin, woods, alt.
1800 m., August 1908 (No. 825, in part); same locality, alt. 1500-1800
m., September 1910 (No. 4218; tree 8-12 m. tall, fruit black); Mt.
Omei, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4953).

The most striking character of this very distinct species, the black color of its
fruit, by which it differs from all allied species, was apparently not known to
Wangerin when he described it as a new species.

Cornus kousa Buerger apud Hance in Jour. Linn. Sac. XIII. 105
(1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Emim. PI. Jap. I. 196 (1875). —Card.
Chron. ser. 3, XIX. 782, fig. 135 (1896). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop.
XVII. 1, 101 (1899). — Harms in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 506 (1900).—
Yabe in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVIII. 30 (1904). — Schneider, Ul. Handb.

578 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Lauhhohh. II. 454, fig. 301 n-q, 302 g (1909). — Wangerin in Engler,
Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 88 (1910).

Benthamia japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 38, t. 16 (1835). — Miquel
in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 159 (1865); Prol. Fl. Jap. 91 (1865).

Cornus Kousa Buerger ex Miquel in Ann. Ahis. Lugd.-Bat. II. 159 (pro synon.)
(1865); Prol. Fl. Jap. 91 (pro sjTion.) (1865).

Cornus japonica Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 438 (non Thunberg) (1893).

Western Hupeh : north and south of Ichang, abundant, alt. 1200-
2100 m., June and September 1907 (Nos. 223, 223^; bush or small flat-
topped tree, 5-10 m. tall, flowers white, fading pink, fruit red, edible);
Nanto, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 811); without precise locality,
May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 681); ''monte di Ku-tcen," alt. 700 m.,
September 1906, C. Silvestri (No. 1684) ; " Kai-scian," alt. 1100 m., June
to July 1906, C. Silvestri; without precise locality, A. Hennj (Nos.
4073,5672, 5672^,5672*=). Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thick-
ets, alt. 1200-2200 m., June and September 1908 (No. 223^; bush 3-6
m. tall, flowers white, fruit red, edible). Northern Shensi: "monte
Kin-qua-san," July 10, 1897, G. Giraldi; " monte Qua-in-san," July 16,
1897, G. Giraldi. Chekiang: Moukan-shan, 1915, F. N. Meyer.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 013 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Cornus capitata Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. I. 434 (1820) ; PL As.
Rev. III. 10, t. 214 (1832).— D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 141 (1825). — De
Candolle, Prodr. IV. 273 (1830). — Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. LXXVIII.
t. 4641 (1852). — Brandis, For. Fl. Brit. Ind. 253 (1874); hid. Trees,
355 (1906). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II. 745 (1879). —
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 245 (1888). — Harms in Bot.
Jahrb. XXIX. 506 (1900). — Collett, Fl. Si?nl. 220, fig. 67 (1902).—
Wangerin in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 89 (1910). — Leveille, Fl.
Kouy-Tcheou, 115 (1914).

Benthamia fragifera Lindley in Bot. Reg. XIX. t. 1579 (1833). — Wight, III.
II. t. 122=' (1850).

Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, sunny places, alt. 1200
m., July 1907 (No. 1851, in part; tree 5 m. tall); Changlo Hsien,
margins of woods, rare, alt. 1200 m., June 1907 (No. 1851, in part;
small tree, 3-5 m. tall, flowers white); without precise locality, A.
Henry (No. 5307). Western Szech'uan: Mupin, not common,
thickets, alt. 1500-1800 m., June 1908 (No. 1849; tree 6-8 m. tall,
flowers white); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4954).

CORNACEAE. — CORNUS 579

Yunnan: Mengtsze, A. Henry (Nos. 9176, 9170% 9170^ tree 5-9 m.
tall).

Wilson's No. 1851 from Patung Heien differs from the typical form in the much
narrower elliptic-oblong, acute or somewhat acuminate bracts, which are about
3 cm. long and 0.8-1 cm. broad and resemble in shape those of C. kousa Buerger.

Cornus capitata, var. mollis Rehder, var. nov.

A tj^po recedit foliis subtus et petiolis et ramulis junioribus moUiter
crispulo-villosis, foliis supra initio sparse villosis demum glabrescenti-
bus plerumque ellipticis 4.5-7 cm. longis et 2-3.5 latis.

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1400 m., rare,
July 1907 (No. 1850, tree 6 m. tall, bark gray, flowers white).

In the section Thelycrania one would be inclined to consider the difference in
the pubescence a specific character, but as the proposed variety agrees in all other
characters with the typical species it seems better to treat it as a well marked
variety.

Here may be added notes on three species not collected during the Arnold
Arboretum Expeditions.

Cornus oblonga WaUich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. I. 432 (1820). — D. Don, Prodr. Fl.
Nepal. 140 (1825). — De Candolle, Prodr. IV. 272 (1830). — Brandis, Forest Fl.
Brit. Ind. 253 (1874); Ind. Trees, 358, fig. 188 (1906). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit.
Burma,!. 545 (1877). — Clarke in Hooker f., /^Z. Brit. Ind.U.7U (1879). — Collett,
Fl. Siml. 220 (1902). — Wangerin in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 64 (1910).

Szech'uan: without precise locahty, A. Henry (No. 7031, distributed as
"Viburnum"). Yunnan: Mi-le district, A. Henry (No. 9930); Mengtsze, alt.
1800-2800 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11161, 11397).

Henry's No. 7031 has the young branchlets, petioles and the under side of the
leaves quite villose; his 9930 from Yunnan is almost as villose, while the other
numbers are only sHghtly pubescent.

Cornus Bretschneideri L. Henry in Jardin, XIII. 309, fig. 154 (1899). — Koehne
in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XII. 45 (1903). — Schneider, III. Handb. Lmibholzk.
II. 446, fig. 298 d-di (1909). — Wangerin in Engler, Pflmizenr. IV.-229, 67 (1910).
Cornus aspera Wangerin in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. VI. 97 (1908).

Chili: Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, August 8, 1913, F. N. Mexjcr (No. 89); same local-
ity, August 23, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 90). W^estern Kansu: on road to Si-
kou, August 13, 1910, W. Purdom.

Cornus Wilsoniana Wangerin in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. Yl. 97 (1908).— Schnei-
der, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 444, fig. 2961 (1909). — Wangerin in Engler,
Pflanzenr. IV.-229, 65 (1910).

Western Hupeh: without precise locality. May 1901 (Veitch. Exped. No.
764, in part, flowering branch with the corollas mostly dropped and fruiting branch),
A. Henry (No. 300).

This 8i)ocips has been confused with C. Waltcri Wangerin, to which the flowering
branches partly in bud of the type number belong.

MYRSINACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder.

MYRSINE.

Myrsine semiserrata Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Lid. II. 293 (1824);
Tent. Fl. Nepal. 34, t. 24 (1824-26). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII.
93 (1844). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 285 (1874); Ind. Trees, 416
(1906). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 105 (1877). — Clarke in
Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 511 (1882). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 61 (1889). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 518 (1900). — Mez
in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-236, 339 (1902). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard.
Edinburgh, VII. 41, 43, 262 {PL Chin. Forrest.) (1912). — Leveille, Fl
Kouy-Tcheou, 287 (1914).

Myrsine sessilis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 146 (1825).

Samara sessilis Hamilton ex D. Don, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1825).

Myrsine subspinosa D. Don, 1. c. 147 (1825). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII.

94 (1844).
Samara subspinosa Hamilton ex D. Don, 1. c. 147 (pro s>Tion.) (1825).
Myrsine excelsa D. Don, 1. c. 147 (1825). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 94

(1844).
Myrsine acuminata Royle, III. Bot. Himal. 265 (1839) (nomen nudum). —

Madden in Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, XVII. 1, 368 (1848).
Myrsine khasyana Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, XLVI. pt. 2, 21 (1877).

Western Hupeh : Ichang, glens, alt. 30-600 m., March and June
1907 (No. 3297, in part; bush 1.25-2 m. tall, flowers whitish, fruit
purple); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3277, 3277^ 3277^^): Changlo
Hsien, side of streams, alt. 900 m., May 1907 (No. 3091, bush 2-2.25 m.
tall); without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 7685). Western
Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, cliffs, alt. 300 m., May 1908 (No. 3297, in
part; bush 1.25-2 m. tall, flowers whitish); Kuan Hsien, thickets, alt.
900-1200 m., September 1910 (No. 4605; bush 2-3 m. tall, fruit purple).
Yunnan: south of Red River from Manmei, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry
(No. 9173^); Mengtze, alt. 1600-1800 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9173 «,
9173^9173^); Yuan-chiang, alt. 1500 m., A.Henry (Nos. 13270, 13311).

Myrsine africana Linnaeus, Spec. 196 (1753). — Lamarck, Tab.
Encycl. Meth. II. 49, t. 122 (1793). —A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 93

580

MYRSINACEAE. — ARDISIA 581

(1844). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 286 (1874); Ind. Trees, 416
(1906). — Boissier, Fl. Orient. IV. 31 (1879). — Clarke in Hooker f.,
Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 511 (1882). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 60 (1889). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 518 (1900).—
Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-236, 340 (1902). — Pampanini in Nuov.
Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 683 (1910), XVIII. 131 (1911).—
Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 32, 215 (1912).

Buxris dioeca Forskal, Fl. Aeg.-Arab. 159 (1775).

Myrsine glabra Giirtner, Frud. I. 282 (1788).

Myrsine scabra Gartner, Frud. I. 282, t. 59, fig. 1 (1788). — J. F. Gmelin,

Syst.I. 404 (1791). — Roemer & Schultes, Syst. IV. 511 (1819).
Myrsine retusa Aiton, Hort. Kew. I. 271 (1789). — Ventenat, Z)e.scr. Jard.

Cels. t. 86 (1800). — Jacquin, Hort. Schoenbrunn. IV. 12, t. 124 (1804).—

Loddiges Bot. Cab. V. t. 409 (1820).
Myrica montana Vahl, Symb. II. 99 (1791).
Myrsine rotundifolia Lamarck, Encyd. Meth. IV. 194 (1796). — Roemer &

Schultes, Syst. IV. 507 (1819).
Myrsine acuta Salisbury, Prodr. 141 (1796).
Nageia arabica Willdenow, Spec. IV. 749 (1806).
Myrica arabica Vahl ex Willdenow, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1806).
Myrsine bifaria WalHch in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 296 (1824). —A. De Can-

dolle, Prodr. VIII. 93 (1844).
Myrica Potama D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 146 (1825).
Samara Potama Hamilton ex D. Don, 1. c. (pro sjmon.) (1825).
Myrsine africana, /3 retusa A. De CandoUe in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 105

(1834); Prodr. VIII. 93 (1844).
Myrsine bottensis A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 93 (1844).
Myrsine africana, var. bifaria Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, b6t. 2, VI.

82 (PI. David. I. 202) (1883).
Myrsine dioica Ascherson & Schweinfurth in Verh. Berlin, Ges. Erdk. XVIII.

549 (1891).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, arid stony places,
alt. 30-600 m., May 9 and December 1907 (No. 3298; bush 0.25-1 m.);
" monte Triora," alt. 1950 m., September 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1706);
" Ou-pan-chan," alt. 600 m., March 14-23, 1910, C. Silvestn (No. 3133);
without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 3808). Szech'uan: Nan-
ch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2169). Yunnan : Mengtsze, woods, alt.
1500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9972, 9972^).

ARDISIA Sw.

Ardisia crispa A. De Candolle in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 124 (1837);
Prodr. VIII. 134 (1844). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 206 (1861). — Mez
in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-236, 144, fig. 22 (1902). — Diels in Not. Bot.
Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 52 {PL Chin. Forrest.) (1912).

582 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Blndhia crispa Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 92 (1784). — Banks, Icon. Kaempfer. t.

7 (1791).
Ardisia elegans Andrews, Bot. Repos. X. t. 623 (1810). — Loddiges, Bot. Cab.

III. t. 264 (1818).
Ardisia crenata Roxburgh, Hort. Bengal. 85 (nomen nudum) (1814) ; Fl. Ind.

II. 276 (1824). — Sims in Bot. Mag. XLV. t. 1950 (1818). — Hemsley in

Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 63 (1889). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 518

(1900).
Ardisia crenulata Loddiges, Bot. Cab. I. t. 2 (1817).
Ardisia lentiginosa Ker in Bot. Reg. VII. t. 533 (1821).
Ardisia nana Colebrooke ex Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 282 (pro sjTion.) (1824). —

Hamilton ex A. De Candolle in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 118 (pro synon.)

(1834); Prodr. VIII. 135 (pro synon.) (1844).
Ardisia glandidosa Blume, Bijdr. 690 (non Roxburgh) (1826).
Ardisia densa Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bot. Suppl. I. 575 (I860).
Ardisia polysticta Miquel, 1. c. 576 (1860).

Ardisia horforum Maximowicz in Gartenfl. XIV. 363, t. 491 (1865).
Ardisia undulata Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 524 (1882).
Tinus crispa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. II. 405 (1891).

Western Hupeh: thickets around Ichang, alt. 30-600 m., De-
cember 1907 (No. 1981; 0.60 m., fruit red); same locality, A. Hejiry
(No. 3265). Western Szech'uan: " Uo-mi-san," (Mt. Omei)
1899, Hugh Scallan; without precise locality, June 1903 (Veitch
Exped. No. 4056). Yunnan : Mengtsze, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (Nos.
9791, 979P). Kwangtung: Hainan, 1889, A. Henry (No. 847);
Hongkong, C. Ford; same locality, November 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent.
Chekiang: Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor.

Ardisia Henryi Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 65 (1889). —
Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 518 (1900). — Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr.
IV.-236, 149 (1902).

Tinus Henryi Kuntze, Rev. Gen. II. 974 (1891).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 900-1200 m., June
1908 (No. 1980; shrub 0.75-1 m. tall, flowers white); Mt. Omei, June
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5062). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan
Hsien, thickets, alt. 900 m., October 1907 (No. 458; bush 0.75-1 m.
tall, fruit red). Western Hupeh: without precise locality, May
1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 414); without precise locality, A. Henry
(Nos. 3455, 3972, 4314, 7747).

Ardisia japonica Blume, Bijdr. 690 (1826). — Morren & Decaisne,
Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. III. 171 (1836). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII.
135 (1844). — S. Moore in Jour. Bot. XIII. 231 (1875). — Hemsley in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 65 (1889). — Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-

MYRSINACEAE. — MAESA 583

236, 151 (1902). — Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 571, fig. 371
a-c (1911). — Leveill(5, FL Kouy-Tcheou, 283 (1914).

Bladhia japonica 'Hiunberg, Nov. Gen. 7 (1781); Fl. Jap. I. 96, t. 18 (1784). —
Lamarck, Tab. Encycl. Moth. II. 102, t. 133, fig. 1 (1793).

Bladhia glabra Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 350 (1784); in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. 331
(1794).

Ardisia glabra A. De CandoUe in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 350 (1834); Prodr.
VIII. 135 (1S44).

Ardisia odoniophylla Lindley in Bat. Reg. XXII. t. 1892 (non Wallich) (1836).

Ardisia japonica, j3 montana Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 263 (1866).

Ardisia montana Hiebold ex Miquel, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1866).

Tinus japonica Kuntze, Rev. Gen. II. 405 (1891).

Tinus montana Kuntze, 1. c. 974 (1891).

Western Hupeh : Ichang, common, alt. 30-300 m., December 1907
(No. 670; 15-30 cm., fruit scarlet); without precise locality, A. Henry
(Nos. 98, 2275, 7683). Western Szech'uan : Mt. Omei, August
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5063). Chekiang: Ningpo, 1908, D. Mac-
gregor.

MAESA Forsk.

Maesa castaneifolia Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-236, 44 (1902).

Central Szech'uan : Chung-chou, banks of Yangtze River, alt. 150
m., April 1908 (No. 3257; rambling bush 1-2 m., flowers white); Yang-
tze banks, April 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4059). Yunnan : Mengtsze,
alt. 1500 m., A. Hennj (Nos. 9464, 9464% 10153); Mi-le, A. Henry
(No. 9464b); Szemao, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11625, 11625").

Tiie inflorescence in Wilson's No. 3257 is longer than in any of the flowering
specimens from Yunnan, attaining a length of 6-7 cm. Mez in his key to Maesa
places M. castaneifolia under the division " Sep^ala lineata " but in all the speci-
mens before me, even in his type numbers, 1 find the sepals entirely destitute of
dark lines. I also find the free part of the filament about as long as the very small
anthers, while in the key Mez says "filamenta antheris subduplo vel ultra longiora."

Maesa hupehensis Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex glaber, 1-2-metralis, ramulis gracilibus glabris. Folia mem-
branacea, oblongo-lanceolata v. lanceolata, sensim longe acuminata,
basi late cuneata, margine indistincte remote serrata v. fere integra,
8-14 cm., rarius ad 17 cm. longa et 2-3.5, rarius ad 6 cm. lata, utrinque
glabra, subtuspaullo pallidiora, nervis utrinsecus 8-11 curvatis angulo
acuto divergentibus subtus ut costa elevatis, supra, in sicco saltern,
leviter elevatis ut costa; petioli 5-7 mm. longi, glabri, canaliculati.
Flores albi, in racemis axillaribus simplicibus, erecto-patentibus 3-4
em. longis, pedunculatis pedunculo 0.5-1.5 cm. longo; pedicelli gra-

584 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

ciles, circiter 3 mm. longi, basi bractea subulato-lanceolata dimidium
pedicellum aequante suffulti, apice bracteolas duas lanceolatas circiter

1 mm. longus gerentes; sepala ovata, acuta, margine minute denticu-
lata, dorso lineata; petala fere ad medium connata, 2.5 mm. longa,
lobis late rotundatis, lineis paucis plerumque duobus interruptis pictis;
antherae ovatae, utrinque emarginatae, prope basin dorsifixae, medium
loborum attingentes, filamenta subaequantes; ovarium semisuperum,
placenta multiovulata, stylo cylindrico sepala aequante, stigmate
leviter 4-lobo. Fructus subglobosus, circiter 5 mm. longus, albus, in
racemis 7-9 cm. longis; pedicelli circiter 5 mm. longi.

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, ravines, alt. 300-600 m., May
and October 1907 (No. 764; flowers, type, and fruits).

Maesa hupchensis seems most closely related to M. castaneifolia Mez which ia
easily distinguished by its larger paniculate inflorescence, the obtuse sepals desti-
tute of dark markings, and by the larger and broader distinctly serrate leaves. The
fruiting specimen differs somewhat from the flowering specimen in its larger and
broader leaves and in the longer inflorescence.

Maesa Wilsonii Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex glaber, 2-3-metralis, ramulis gracilibus leviter flexuosis.
Folia membranacea, ovato-lanceolata v. lanceolata, sensim longe
acuminata, basi late cuneata v. rotundata, margine indistincte et
remote denticulata, 8-18 cm. longa et 2.5-4.5 cm. lata, utrinque glabra,
supra laete viridia, subtus paUidiora, nervis utrinsecus 8-10 angulo
acuto divergentibus, subtus ut costa distincte elevatis, supra in sicco
leviter elevatis; petioli satis graciles, 0.6-1 cm. longi, canaliculati.
Inflorescentiae paniculatae, sparse ramosae, plerumque basi tantum
racemis brevibus solitariis v. 2-3 institutae, rarius apicem ramulorum
versus simplices, axi centrali plerumque infra medium floribus destituta^
6-10 cm. longae, graciles, cuneatae v. nutantes; pedicelli graciles, 3-4
mm. longi, basi bractea subulata 1 mm. longa suffulti, apice bracteolis

2 lanceolatis instituti; sepala ovata, apice rotundata et subito in
mucronum producta, margine minute crenulata, dorso lineata; petala
fere ad medium connata, 3.5-4 ram. longa, lobis rotundatis crenulatis
lineis interruptis pictis; antherae ovatae utrinque emarginatae, me-
dium loborum fere attingentes, prope basin dorsifixae, filamenta sub-
aequantes; ovarium ad % superum, placenta multi-ovulata, stylo
sepala superante, stigmata leviter 4-fido. Fructus subglobosus, cir-
citer 4 mm. diam., albus, sepalis persistentibus et stylo exserto coro-
natus.

Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.

MYRSINACEAE. — MAESA 585

4905, type); same locality, October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4057);
Ya-chou Fu, thickets, alt. 300-600 m., October 1908 (No. 3258).

Maesa Wilsonii is apparently most closely related to N. castaneifolia Mez which
is easily distinguished by the smaller flowers, the obtuse not mucronulate sepals
destitute of markings, the more branched inflorescence and the distinctly serrate
broader leaves. From M. hupehensis Rehder it diff'ers in its larger flowers,
rounded and mucronate sepals, the paniculate longer inflorescence and in the
style which is longer than the sepals.

PLUMBAGINACEAE.

Determined by E. H. Wilson.

CERATOSTIGMA Bge.

Ceratostigma minus Stapf apud Prain in Jour. Bot. XLIV. 7 (1906).

Ceratostigma GriffUhii Pritzel in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 525 (non Clarke)
(1900).

Western Szech'uan: near Monkong Ting, valley of Hsiao-chin-
ho, alt. 2300-3600 m., June 30, 1908 (No. 2315; shrub 0.3-0.8 m. tall,
flowers blue); Wen-ch'uan Hsien, A. von Rosthorn (No. 3001).

In the arid valleys of the upper Tung and Yalung rivers and their tributaries
this is a very common low-growing shrub. The upper parts of the branches are
leafless or nearly so and are crowded with axillary and terminal flower clusters
which coflectively form a narrow panicle or false raceme. The flowers are small
and clear sky-blue.

This species is undoubtedly very close to C. GriffUhii Clarke, and may eventually
prove to be only a glabrescent variety of that species. The plant called C. Polhilli
by Bulley (in Gard. Chron. ser 3. XXX. 6 (nomen nudum) [1901]) very probably
belongs here.

Ceratostigma Willmottianirai Stapf in Bot. Mag. CXL. t. 8591
(1914).

Western Szech'uan: Wen-ch'uan Hsien, valley of Min River, alt.
1300-2000 m., July and November 1908 (No. 1373; shrub 0.6-1 m.
tall, flowers cobalt blue); Mao-chou, dry regions, alt. 2000 m., May
and October 1908 (No. 2314; shrub 0.3-1 m. tall).

This shrub with beautiful blue flowers in terminal, solitary capitate clusters ia
abundant in the semi-arid regions of the Min River valley between 1200 and 2500 m.
altitude, but 1 did not meet with it elsewhere in western China.

Here may be added a note on a species collected by A. Henry.

Ceratostigma Griffithii Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 481 (1882). —
Prain in Jour. Bot. XLIV. 7 (1906). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, YU.
45, 194 {PI. Chin. Forrest.) (1912).

Yunnan: Mengtsze, ravine, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 9586).

With its obovate-spatulate leaves hairy on both surfaces and the rufous pu-
bescence on the shoots this plant agrees with Clarke's description. The specimen,
however, is poor, being in young fruit.

586

EBENACEAE.

Determined by Alfred Rehder and E. H. Wilson.

DIOSPYROS L.

Diospyros Lotus Linnaeus, Spec. 1057 (1753). — Pallas, Fl. Ross.
IL 20,t.58 (exclud. fig. H.),t. 59, fig.a,b,c (1788). — Loiseleur in Nouv.
Duhamel, VL 83, t. 26 (1813?). — Hance in Joiir. Linn. Soc. XIII.
(1873). — Hiern in Trans. Camh. Phil. Soc. XII. pt. 1, 223 (Monog.
Ehen.) (1873). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 297, t. 36 (1874); Ind.
Trees, 432 (1906). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 306
(1875). — Bretschneider, Early Europ. Research. Fl. China, 128
(1881). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 70 (1889). — Diels in
Engler, Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 527 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For.
Jap. I. 123, t. 79 (1900). — Meyer in Bidl. U. S. Dept. Agric.
Bur. PI. Indust. CCIV. 15, fig. 5, 6 {Agric. Explor. Orchards China)
(1911). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bidl. Misc. hiform. add. ser. X.
161 (Fl. Kwangtung. & Hongk.) (1912). — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap.
II. pt. 2, 484 (1912). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 145 (1914).

Dactylus trapezuntinus Forskal, Fl. Aegypl.-Arab. XXXVI. (1775).
Diospyros Kaki, Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 1.5S (1784).
Diospyros Kaki, glabra A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 229 (1844).
Diospyros microcarpa Siebold in Ann. Soc. Hort. Pays-Bas, 1844, 28 (non

Spanhoge).
Diospyros japonica Siebold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. 3, 136

{Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 12) (1846).
Diospyros Undovok Griffith, I tin. Not. 355, No. 137 (1848).
Diospyros Pseudo-Lotus Naudin in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s^r. 2, III. 220

(1880).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woodlands, alt. 600-
1500 m., May and October 1907 (No. 441; tree 8-20 m. tall, 0.3-2 ra.
girth, fruit yellow); Changlo Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1300 m.,
May and November 1907 (No. 621 ; tree 6-13 m. tall, 0.3-1.5 m. girth) ;
Nanto and mountains to northward, A. Henry (No. 3014); without
locality, A. Henry (Nos. 1914, 5820% 6235). Eastern Szech'uan:
Wushan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1300 m., June and October 1907
(No. 429'*; tree 5-16 m. tall, 0.3-2 m. girth); same locality, A. Henry

587

588 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

(No. 7044). Western Szech'uan: Mien-chu Hsien, roadsides, alt.
600 m., May 19, 1908 (No. 2915; tree 13 m. tall, 1.5 m. girth, flowers
white); without locality, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2092). Yunnan:
Mi-le district, A. Henry (No. 9898) ; Mengtsze, A. Henry (Nos. 9898<^,
9898^). Chili: Peking, courtyard of Imperial Palace, September 18,
1903, C. S. Sargent; same locality. Temple grounds. Pagoda Hill, near
Summer Palace, September 17, 1903, C. S. Sargent; " Nankow to Great
Wall," October 5, 1905, J. G. Jack; " Ying-tan Ko, along a mountain
stream," September 12, 1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 46, 1297) ; " near
Changh," October 1905, F. N. Meyer (No. 183). Shensi : " Huo-kia-
Zaez," July 16, 1897, G. Giraldi; mountains near " Nanto-tchu," Jan-
uary 21, 1914, F. N. Meyer (No. 1391).

This tree is common in thickets and on the margins of woods in western Hupeh,
where it is undoubtedly indigenous, and it is plentiful in the valleys of western
Szech'uan. It grows to a large size and trees 26 m. tall with trunks 4 m. in girth
are occasionally met with. The bark is striking, being very dark and deeply
fissured and broken into thick, irregular, more or less square blocks. The year-
old shoots are smooth and usually pale gray, but occasionally they are slightly
purplish. The winter-buds are prominent, acute and glabrous. The leaves are
dark shining green above, pale, even subglaucous beneath and vary considerably
in the degree of pubescence. The subsessile globose fruit as it ripens changes to
yellow and finally to bloomy purplish black. In central and western China this
tree is colloquially known as the Kou-shihtzu and there as elsewhere in China
and also in Japan it is used as the stock in grafting D. kaki Linnaeus.

Meyer states that his No. 1391 is D. kaki and is the " original wild persimmon."
Our specimen of this number consists of leafless twigs with a number of adherent
calyces, but the winter-buds show that it belongs to D. Lotus. We have not seen
D. Balfouriana Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 209 {PI. Chin. Forrest.)
(1912), but Henry's No. 9898 D, which Diels says is very similar, is without doubt
D. Lotus. Matsumura does not admit D. Lotus as indigenous to Japan and Wilson
certainly saw no wild tree during his travels in Japan, though it is not uncommon
in cultivation. In all probability this species was introduced with or at about
the same time as D. kaki. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 270, 570
of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation oj Western
China, Nos. 204, 205.

Diospyros kaki Linnaeus f., Suppl. 439 (1781). — Thunberg, Fl.
Jap. 157 (1784). — Loureiro, Fl Cochin. 226 (1790). — Wight, Icon.
PL Ind. Or. II. 415 t. (1843). — Hiern in Trans. Camh. Phil. Soc. XII.
227, fig. (Monog. Ehen.) (1873) . — Bretschneider, Early Europ. Re-
search. Fl. China, 5, 23, 29 (1881). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit,
Ind. III. 555 (1882). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 69 (1889);
in Bot. Mag. CXXXIII. t. 8127 (1907) ; in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform.
1911, 235. — Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 273 (1893); For. Fl.
Jap. 50 (1894). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 527 (1900). — F. N.

EBENACEAE. — DIOSPYKOS 589

Meyer in Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. PI. Indust. CCIV. 10, with
plates and figs. {Agric. Explor. Orchards China) (1911). — Dunn &
Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, add. ser. X, 161 (Fl. Kwangtung
<Sc Hongk.) (1912).

Diospyros chinensis Blume, Cat. Hort. Buifenz. 110 (nomen nudum) (1823).
Diospyros Schi-tse Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, II. 116

(Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 42) (1835).
Ejnhryopteris Kaki G. Don, Gen. Syst. IV. 41 (1838).
Diospyros Kaki, ^ cordata A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 229 (1844).
Diospyros costata Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1870, 131, 410, t.
Diospyros Kaki, var. costata Andre in III. Hort. XVIII. 176, t. 78 (1871).
Diospyros Roxburghii Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1872, 253, fig. 28-29.
Diospyros Mazeli Carriere, 1. c. 1874, 70, t.
Diospyros lycopersicon Carriere, I. c. 1878, 470, t.
Diospyros Kaempferi Naudin in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, e^r. 2, 111. 22G, t.

10 (1880).
Diospyros Aurantium. Andr4 in Rev. Hort. 1887, 349, t.
Diospyros Bertii Andre, 1. c. 1887, 349 t.
Diospyros elliptica Andre, 1. c. 1887, 349, t.
Diospyros Sahuti Andre, 1. c. 1887, 349, t.

Diospyros Kaki, f. grandifolia Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 527 (1900).
Diospyros Kaki, /3 domestica Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXII. 159 (1908).

Western Hupeh: ChangyangHsien, alt. 1300 m., cultivated, May
and November 1907 (No. 472; tree 6-20 m. tall, 0.3-2 m., girth, fruit
ovoid, golden). Chili: near Peking, Yellow Temple, September 16,
1903, C. S. Sargent. Fokien: Dunn's Exped. April to June, 1905
(Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong No. 2912).

This fruit tree ie generally cultivated all over China and from there has
been introduced to Korea, Japan and other countries. The varieties are as numerous
as those of the apple and pear in western lands. The fruits differ in size,
shape, season of ripening, and in quantity or absence of seeds and in degree of as-
tringency. In central and western China the fruit is not considered edible until
dead ripe and bletted, but in Japan there are varieties which have flesh firm
as in an apple and which eaten in early October are not astringent. In Japan,
where this tree has been long cultivated, many different varieties have origniated
and some are equal to the best of the Chinese varieties, but on the whole the
persimmons of Japan are smaller than those of China, which are more or
less ovoid and obtuse, flattened, round and depressed forms being much lesa
common.

In China and also in Japan this tree is usually grafted on Diospyros Lottis and
the point of union of scion and stock is clearly indicated by the difference between
the barks. In D. kaki it is pale gray and scales off, whereas in D. Lotus it is dark in
color, deeply ridged and persistent.

In D. kaki individual trees bear purely male or female flowers, and others
bear both male and female flowers on the same individual. The flowers vary
greatly in size, and the calyx is extremely variable. So different are the male and
female flowers in appearance and size that they appear to belong to different spe-

690 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

cies. In many varieties at least fertilization is not necessary- for the development
of fruit and there are numerous seedless forms.

In northern China this fruit is known as " Schitsze," but the colloquial name
varies in different parts of the country, though the written characters may be the
same. It is figured by Boym in his Flora Sinensis t. M. (1656). In Japan it is
known as " kaki " and it is described and figured by Kaempfer {A7noe7i. Exot. V.
807, fig. [1712]).

Much has been written to prove that the Japanese and Chinese Persimmons
have been evolved from distinct species and different varieties have been given
specific rank. From the evidence gleaned during his travels in China and Japan
Wilson is of the opinion that all these different forms have originated from one
common species and that the wild form of this species is to-day naturalized and
spontaneous in western Hupeh and probably elsewhere in China.

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 675 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Diospjo-os kaki, var. silvestris Makino in Tokyo Bol. Mag. XXII.
159 (1908). — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 484 (1912).

Diospijros Roxburghii Hemsley in Kew Bull. Misc. Infonn. 1911, 236 (vix
Carriere) .

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets, margins of
woods, alt. 300-1500 m., May and October 1907 (Nos. 511, 429, 2913;
tree 6-12 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.5 m., flowers creamy-white, fruit de-
pressed, golden); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 1502, 3485, 3441);
Changlo Hsien, margins of woods, alt. 1000 m., May 1907 (No. 2914;
tree 6 m. tali). Szech'uan: banks of Yangtze River, May 1902
(Veitch Exped. No. 4060; bush 1 m. tall, flowers white). Yunnan:
Mengtsze, mountains north, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 9898"; shrub
3 m.); Szemao, woods and forests, alt. 1500-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos.
9341, 11618, 11618^ 11618", 11618*^). Korea: Quelpaert, in woods,
May and June 1909, Taquet (Nos. 2933, 2978, 2980).

This tree, the wild type of the Chinese and Japanese Persunmons, is common as
an escape everywhere in Hupeh and Szech'uan, and is spontaneous in thickets and
on the margin of woods in western Hupeh. It is a small or moderately large tree
with light gray bark which peels off in small irregular flakes or patches. The
year-old shoots are purplish gray and the winter-buds are small, obtuse or rounded
and usually more or less pubescent. The leaves vary immensely in size and degree of
hairiness. In shape they vary from lanceolate to broadly ovate and from narrowly
cuneate to rounded or truncate at the base. These same variations are met with
in the type, but as a rule the leaves on the cultivated plant are larger. The flowers
show the same variation as in the tj^e, but the female flowers are not so large
and the ovary is often densely hairy. The fruit is small (1.5-5 cm. diam.), golden,
ovoid or depressed and yields a valuable varnish-oil (see Wilson, A Naturalist in
Western China, II. 73 [1913]), hence the colloquial name Yu-shih-tzu, i. e. " Oil-
Persimmon." In Japan this tree occurs as an escape from cultivation only and it
is not indigenous to Japan. This wild variety is often used in western China as
a stock for the garden forms of edible Persimmon.

EBENACEAE. — DIOSPYROS 591

Diospyros armata Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 69 (1889). —
Bean in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1913, 165.

Western Hupeh : north of Ichang, alt. 300 m., May 4, 1907 (No.
2912; tree 5-10 m. tall, girth 0.5-1.5 m., flowers creamy-white, fra-
grant); near Ichang, alt. 300 m.. May 1907 (No. 3730; tree 13 m.
tall, flowers white, fragrant); Nanto and mountains to northward, A.
Henry (No. 7717, type).

This is a very rare tree which is known to us from only one or two localities in
western Hupeh. The male flowers are urn-shaped, creamy-white and delightfully
fragrant; the leaves are very lustrous and dark green. On Henry's specimen in
the Gray Herbarium the leaves are oblanceolate-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, but on
our specimens which have male flowers the leaves vary from obovate to elliptic
and elliptic-lanceolate. The winter-buds are very small, obtuse and pubescent.
The tree is deciduous or subevergreen.

Diospyros sinensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 71 (1889) ; in
Hooker's Icon. XXIX. t. 2804 (1906).

Diospyros armata Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 525, fig. 4 (non Hemsley) (1900).

Western Hupeh: cultivated. Temple garden, Ichang, April 1901
(Veitch Exped. No. 1902). Western Szech'uan: Wen-ch'uan
Hsien, valley of Min River, alt. 1000 m., June 1, 1908 (No. 2910; small
tree, 3-8 m. tall); same locality, October 1910 (No. 4617; tree 3-lOm.
tall, 1-2.5 m. girth of trunk, fruit orange); same locality, alt. 1100 m.,
August 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4062); Yachou Fu, alt. 600-1000 m.,
October 1910 (No. 4616; bush 3 m., evergreen, fruit globose, golden);
Kiating Fu: hills around city, June 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4061;
small tree 5 m. tall) ; Mt. Omei, alt. 1300 m., E. Faber (No. 207, tyv^).

This is a common small evergreen or subevergreen tree in the dry valleys of
western Szech'uan. The short trunk is thick, the branches are very numerous and
wide-spreading and the branchlets are spiny.

Diels (1. c.) has mistaken this plant for the rare and very closely allied D. armata
Hemsley, which has shorter, more coriaceous oblong-oval to obovate leaves and
the male flowers have shorter pedicels and are more numerous in the cyme.

Here may be added the description of two new species not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Diospyros moUifolia Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 5-6-metralis; rami graciles tomento cinereo v. rufo-cincreo dense obtecti,
in secundo v. tertio anno glabrescentes, brunnei v. rubro-brunnei, lenticellati;
gemmae parvae, obtusae, villosae. Folia chartacea, decidua v. interdmn sub-
persistentia, elliptica, ovalia v. lanceolata, obtusa v. acuminata, mucronata, basi
cuneata v. rotundata, 2-6 cm. longe et 1-2.5 cm. lata, supra pustulata, plua
minusve molliter adpresse pubescentia, subtus dcnsius pubescentia, ciliata, nervis
subtus elevatis; petioli 3-5 mm. longi, dense villosi. Flores masculi plures in
cymis axillaribus brevissime pedunculatis, albi; calyx villosus, 3 mm. longus,

592 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

profunde 5-partitug, lobis erectis, ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, 2-2.5 mm. longis;
corolla urceolata, 6-7 mm. longa, costis pubescentibus, lobis 4-5, leviter patentibus
et recurvis subacutis sparse ciliatis; stamina 16, acuminata, filamentis sparse
pubescentibus; flores feminei desiderantur. Fructus immaturus ovoideus, ad-
presse pubescens, stylo breviter villoso apice 4-partito stigmatibus lobatis in-
structo coronatus, calyce 4-partito accrescente suffultus.

Western Szech'uan: valley of Tung River, alt. 700 m., May 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 4063, type). Yunnan: Yuan-chiang, alt. 1150 m., A. Henry (No.
13303).

This species belongs to the section Danzleria Hiern and is very different from any
other recognized species from China. It appears to us most closely related to D,
cordifolia Roxburgh (D. montana, 0 cordifolia Hiern), which has leaves usually
more or less cordate at the base, longer petioles and peduncles, tetramerous flowers,
differently shaped calyx-lobes and corolla and a glabrous ovary.

This new species is a rare plant in western Szech'uan and has been seen on only
one occasion.

Diospyros yuimanensis Rehder and Wilson, n. sp.

Arbor 5-10-metralis; rami graciles, juniores pilis ferrugineis adpressis sparse
obtecti, annotini glabri, fusco-brunnei, satis dense lenticellati ; gemmae parvae,
obtusae, pubescentes. Folia chartacea, ovato-lanceolata v. lanceolata, acuminata,
mucronata, basi rotundata v. late cuncata, 2.5-6 cm., plerumque 3.5-4.5 cm. locga
et 1-2.3 cm. lata, pustulata, initio utrinque sparse adpresse pilosa, demum margine
ciliato et costa media subtus sparse pilosa exceptis glabra v. fere glabra, utrinsecus
nervis 4-6 arcuatis subtus ut costa elevatis ; petioli 2-3 mm. longi, adpresse pilosi.
Flores masculi 1-3 in cymis brevissime pedunculatis; calyx 3.5 mm. longus, pro-
funde 4-partitus lobis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis erectis 3 mm. longis adpresse
pubescentibus; corolla urceolata, 5 mm. longa, costis pubescentibus, lobis brevibua
rotundatis; stamina 16, antheris oblongis apiculatis, filamentis sparse pilosis;
flores feminei solitarii, axillares, subsessiles; calyx 4-partitus, 8 mm. longus, sparse
pubescens, lobis lanceolatis acutis, 6-6.5 mm. longis patentibus, margine leviter
revolutis; corolla campanulata, costis pubescentibus, 5 mm. longa, 4-loba, lobis
rotundatis patentibus 2 mm. longis; staminodia 5, glabra; pistillum 3.5 mm.
longum, ovario ovoideo glabro, stylo 4-fido sparse piloso, stigmatibus apice leviter
bilobis. Fructus subglobosus, circiter 1.2 cm. diam., glaber.

Yunnan : Szemao, forests, alt. 1300-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12984 S , 12984 A.
9, 13288, fruit, type); Mengtsze, mountains southwest, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry
(No. 10938).

This species belongs to the section Danzleria Hiern, and is apparently dis-
tinct and not closely related to any other Chinese species. It is characterized
by its thin glabrescent, short, petiolate leaves which dry black, by its very short-
peduncled tetramerous flowers, by the spreading, narrow calyx-lobes in the female
flowers and by its small glabrous fruit. It may be compared with D. mollifolia
Rehder and Wilson, described above, which is perhaps its nearest ally.

SYMPLOCACEAE.

Detennined by Alfred Rehder.

SYMPLOCOS Jacq.

Symplocos paniculata Wallich ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 145 (pro
synon.) (1825). — Wallich, Cat. No. 4429 (nomen nudum) (1830).—
Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 102 (1867) ; Prol. Fl. Jap. 266
(1867).— Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XVIII. 112 (1904). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 576, fig. 375 a-g (1911).

Prunus paniculata Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 200 (1784).

Symplocos crataegoides Hamilton apud D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 145 (1825). —
A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 258 (1844). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind.
299 (1874); Ind. Trees, 440 (1906). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 143
(1877). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 573 (1882). — Hemsley in
Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 72 (1889). — Giirke in Engler & Prautl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. IV. Abt. 1, 169 (1890). — Rehder in Holler's Deutsch. Gcirtn.-
Zeit. XVI. 100, 2 fig. (1901). — Brand in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 528 (1900);
in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-242, 33 (1901). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 305, fig. 95
(1902). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 68, fig. 1-13 (1908).—
Leveill^, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 409 (1915).

Palura odorata Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 145 (pro sj-non.) (1825).

Lodhra crataegoides, Jacquemont, Voy. IV. 103, t. 110 (1844).

Symplocos pallida Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 308 (1875).

Kiangsi : Ruling, abundant, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907 (No. 1720;
bush 1.5-3 m. tall); north and south of Ichang, common, alt. 300-2800
m., April, May, June, September and October 1907 (No. 2536; bush
1-4 m. tall, flowers white, fruit blue); same locality, A. Henry (No.
2301"); Changyang Hsien, alt. 1300-2000 m., June and October 1907
(No. 360; bush 3-5 m. tall); Nanto and mountains to the north-
ward, A. Henry (No. 2998);/'Ma-pan-scian," alt. 1000 m., May 1907,
" monte Triora," alt. 1950 m., July 3, 1907, " Kao-kien-scian," alt.
800 m., C. Silvesiri (Nos. 1762, 1763, 1764); without precise locality,
April and June 1900, September 1901 (Veitch Expcd. Nos. 76, 956);
without precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 270, 1149, 1762, 2853, 5755^,
5755", 6279, 7723). Szech'uan: without precise locality, A. Henry
(Nos. 5492, 5755, 5760). Western Szech'uan : near Tachien-lu,
thickets, alt. 1600-2300 m., June and October 1908 (No. 1291; bush

593

594 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

2 m. tall, flowers white, fruit blue) ; southeast of Tachien-lu, thickets,
alt. 2000-2300 m., June 1908 (No. 2535; bush 7 m. tall, flowers white);
Wa-shan, open country, alt. 1000-1600 m., June 1908 (No. 2536^; bush
1.5-2 m. tall, flowers white) ; Mt. Omei, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos.
5069, 5069-^); Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1820). Yunnan:
south of Red River from Manmei, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 9466);
Mi-le district, mountain forest, A. Henry (No. 9948); Mengtsze, alt.
1600-2300 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9466^ 9948% 10554); Szemao, alt.
1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11671). Northern Shensi: "Lao-y-san,"
June 4, 1897, G. Giraldi; " monte Kan-y-san ad ovest del Lao-y-san,"
June 11-12, 1897, G. Giraldi. Shantung: Lau-shan, August 1907,
F.N. Meijer (No. 320). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1900, D.
Macgregor. Fokien : Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong
Herb. No. 2909). Formosa: South Cape, A. Henry (No. 635); Mt.
Taitum, May 1903, M. Faurie (No. 314). Mandshuria : Shengking,
June 27, 1906, F. N. Meyer. Also in Korea, Japan and the Himalaya.

There can be no doubt that Prunus paniculata Thunberg is the Symplocos
crataegoides Hamilton. Professor O. Juel of Upsala kindly compared specimens of
Symplocos which I had sent to him with Thunberg's original specimen and pro-
nounced them identical; he also sent me a photograph of Thunberg's type specimen
which fully corroborated his statement.

Symplocos paniculata is an exceedingly variable species of wide distribution,
ranging from the Himalayas through China to Korea and Japan. There seem to
be, however, no marked geographical varieties, and the extremes in the shape and
pubescence of the leaves are so closely connected by intermediate forms that it
seems to be useless to distinguish varieties or forms.

Symplocos laurina VVaUich, Cat. No. 4416 (1830).

^Myrtus laurinus Retzius, Observ. 26 (1786).

Eugenia laurina Willdenow, Spec. 11. 967 (1799).

Myrtus serratus Koenig ex Steudel, Nomencl. 321 (pro synon. Eugeniae
laurinae) (1821).

Bobua laurina, De CandoUe, Prodr. III. 24 (1828). — Miers in Jour. Linn.
Soc. XVII. 303 (1880).

Symplocos Loha Hamilton apud D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 144 (1825). —
De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 255 (1844).

Symplocos subspinosa Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 144 (pro synon.
,S'. Loha) (1825).

Symplocos spicata Roxburgh, Cat. Hort. Beng. 40 (nomen nudum) (1814); Fl.
Ind. ed. 2, II. 541 (1832). —A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 254 (pro parte)
(1844), var. ^ Zeylanica excludenda. — Wight, III. II. t. 150 (1851).—
Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 300 (1874); Ind. Trees, 441 (1906). — Kurz,
Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 146 (1877); in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. pt. 2,
239 (1877). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 573 (1882), var.
attenuata excludenda. — Brand in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-242, 39 (1901). —
Leveille, Fl. Kouy-TcMou, 410 (1915).

SYMPLOCACEAE. — SYMPLOCOS 595

Dicalix spicatus Blume, Bijdr. 1118 (1826).

Symplocos polycarpa Wallich, Cat. No. 4423 (nomen nudum) (1830).

Symplocos atroviridis Wallich ex A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 254 (pro sjiion.)

(1844).
Symplocos xanthophylla Junghuhn & De Viiese in De Vriese, PI. Nov. Ind.

Bat. 11 (1845).
Symplocos Ihcophrastaefolia Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV.

pt. III. 134 {Fam. Nat. Ft. Jap. II. 10) (1846).
Symplocos spicata Roxburgh, var. gracilis, Zollinger, Syst. Verz. 136 (1854).
Symplocos rufescens Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeyl. 184 (1860).
Hopea spicnta Dalzell & Gibson, Bombay Fl. 140 (1861).
Lodhra Lohu Miers, in Jotir. Linn. Soc. XVII. 298 (1880).
Lodhra spicata Miers, 1. c. 298 (1880).
Lodhra polycarpa Miers, 1. c. 301 (1880).
Lodhra rw/c.scms Miers, 1. c. 301 (1880).
Lodhra xanthophylla Miers, 1. c. 302 (1880).
Bobua oligostachya Miers, 1. c. 304 (1880).
Bobua atroviridis Miers, 1. c. 304 (1880).
Symplocos flavida Miquel ex Clarke in Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 573 (pro

synon.) (1882).

Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, common, alt. 300-600 m.,
September and November 1908 (Nos. 2537, 2538; thin tree, 7-12 m.
tall, girth 0.30-0.45 m., flowers white, fragrant); same locality, June
1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4070); Mt. Omei, September 1904 (Veitch
Exped. No. 5066); same locality ("Mt. Uo-mi-sam "), Hugh Scallan.

Symplocos caudata Wallich, Cat. 4413 (nomen nudum) (1830). —
A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 256 (1844). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl.
Brit. Ind. III. 577 (1882). —Brand in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 528 (1900);
in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-242, 42 (1901).

Symplocus prunifoUa Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt. II.

133 {Fam. Nat. Fl. Jap. I. 9) (1845). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat.

III. 101 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 265 (1867). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap.

II. t. 66, fig. 1-10 (1908).
Symplocos Swinhoeana Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. sdr. 4, XV. 226 (1861).

Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1300 m.,
May 1907 (Nos. 2546, 2548; bush 2.5 m. tall, flowers white); without
precise locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 6) ; without precise lo-
cality, A. Hennj (Nos. 5292, 5319). Western Szech'uan: Mt.
Omei, alt. 2000 m., October 1903 and June 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos.
4068, 5067); Kiating Fu, October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4069).
Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgrcgor. Also in Quel-
paert, Korean Archipelago (U. Faurie, No. 1889; Taquet, Nos. 284,
1107), in Japan and on the Himalaya.

596 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Symplocos myriantha Rehder, n. sp.

Arbor 10-metralis ramulis gracilibus; ramuli hornotini purpuras-
centes, sparse fulvo-strigosi, annotini fusco-purpurei, glabri, lenti-
cellis sparsis minutis conspersi. Folia chartacea, persistentia, elliptica
V. oblongo-elliptica, subito acuminata, basi late cuneata, juniora denti-
culata denticulis initio glandula elongato-eonica leviter curvata mox
decidua munitis, demum indistincte repando-denticulata, 5-8 cm.
longa et 2.5-4 cm. lata, luteo-viridia, supra glabra, subtus vix pallidiora,
initio praesertim ad nervos sparsissime strigosa, demum glabra, nervis
utrinsecus 4-6 supra ut costa impressis subtus elevatis, venulis incon-
spicuis; petioli canaliculati, circiter 1 cm. longi, initio sparse strigosi,
demum glabri. Paniculae axillares, subsessiles, ramosae, patulae,
multiflorae, 1.5-2 cm. longae et 1.5-2.5 cm. diam.; rhachis ut pedicelli
bracteae, ovaria dense fulvo-strigosa; bracteae et bracteolae minutae
lanceolatae, acutae; flores parvi, albi, paullo ultra 5 mm. diam., sessiles
V. subsessiles v. inferiores breviter pedicellati; calycis lobi rotundati v.
late ovati, ciliolati, glabri v. basin versus sparse strigosi tubo dense
strigoso breviores, 1 mm. longi; corolla 3 mm. longa lobis ovalibus
apice saepe eroso-denticulatis; stamina pentadelpha, circiter 50,
corollae subaequilonga; stylus glaber; ovarium 3-loculare. Fructus
desideratur.

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, woods, alt. 1300-1600 m., June
1908 (No. 2550).

This species seems to be most closely related to S. adenophylla Wallich, which
is easily distinguished by the narrower and longer leaves, by the lanceolate acute
calyx-lobes, the glabrous ovary and by the 25 stamens. It is very different from
any of the Chinese species known to me.

Symplocos botryantha Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6t. 2,
X. 60 {PL David. II. 98) (1888). — Brand in Engler, Pflanzenr.
IV.-242, 60 (1901).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 600-1000 m.. May
1907 (No. 2549; bush 2-3 m., flowers white); without precise locality,
April 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1802), A. Henry (No. 5357). Eastern
Szech'uan: Wu-shan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5272*^). Western
Szech'uan : Mt. Omei, alt. 1300 m., E. Faber (No. 87). Fokien:
Dunn's Exped., April to June, 1905 (Hongkong Herb. No. 2903).

Symplocos anomala Brand in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 529 (1900); in
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-242, 67 (1901).
Western Szech'uan: Omei Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000-1500 m.,

SYMPLOCACEAE. — SYMPLOCOS 597

September 1908 (No. 2545; bush 1.2-2 ra. tall, flowers white); Nan-
ch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (Nos. 798, 21G7). Western Hupeh: Pa-
tung Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000 m., September 1907 (No. 2547, in part;
bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers white); Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000 m.,
September 1907 (No. 2547, in part; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers white);
Nanto, August 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1672); without precise local-
ity, September 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2580); A. Henry (Nos. 6691,
7440).

Symplocos stellaris Brand in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 528 (1900); in
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-242, 68 (1901).

Symplocos Wilsoni Hemsley in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1906, 161.

Kiangsi: Ruling, thickets, rare, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907 (No.
1715; bush 2 m. tall). Western Szechu'uan : Mupin, woods, alt.
1600 m., July 1908 (No. 2543; bush 2-3 m. tall) : Wa-shan, woods, alt.
1600 m., June 1908 (No. 2544; large bush, 8 m. tall, flowers white);
without precise locality. May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4067, type of
S. Wilsoni); Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 135). Fokien:
Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong Herb. No. 2906).

Symplocos javanica Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Bengal. XI. 2, 64
(1871); Forest Fl. Brit. Burm. II. 145 (1877).

Dicalix javanicus Blume, Bijdr. 1117 (1826).

Dicalix aluminosus Blume, 1. c. (pro parte) (1826).

Dicalix salaccensis Blume, 1. c. (1826).

Symplocus polystachya Wallich, Cat. No. 4428 (nomen nudum) (1830).

Symplocos mollis Wallich, 1. c. No. 4433 (nomen nudum) (1830).

Symplocos ferruginea Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. 40 (nomen nudum) (1814) ; Fl. Ind.
ed. 2, II. 542 (1832). — Wallich, Cat. No. 4412 (nomen nudum) (1830).—
G. Don, Gen. Syst. IV. 2 (1837). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 257
(1844). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 574 (1882). — Koorders &
Valetonin Mededel. Lands. Plantent. XLII. 141 (Bijdr. Boomsort. Java VII.)
(1900). — Brand in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-242, 40 (1901). — Brandis, Ind.
Trees, 441 (1906).

Symplocos Verhuellii Junghuhn & De Vriese in De Vriese, PI. Nov. Ind. Bat.
12 (1845).

Symplocos salaccensis Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 466 (1856-59).

Symplocos lachnobotrya Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 475 (1860).

Symplocos Ilorsfieldiana Miquel, 1. c. (1860).

Lodhra ferruginea Miers in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVII. 299 (1880).

Lodhra polystachya Miers, 1. c. 300 (1880).

Lodhra Verhuelli Miers, 1. c. 302 (1880).

Lodhra javanica Miers, 1. c. 302 (1880).

Dicalyx (?) tinclorius Zollinger ex Koorders & Valcton, in Mededel. Lands.
Plantent. XLII. 141 {Bijdr. Boomsort. Java VII.) (pro synon.) (1900).

598 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Szech'uan: Kiating, common, alt. 300-600 m., Sep-
tember 1908 (No. 2537^; thin tree, 7-10 m. tall, flowers white); same
locality, alt. 300-800 m., September 1908 (No. 2539; small tree, 5-8 m.
tall, evergreen, flowers white, fragrant). Kwangtung: Hainan, A.
Henry (No. 8713).

Here may be added the description of three new species collected by A. Henry
in Yunnan.

Symplocos tetramera Rehder, n. sp.

Arbor 12-14-metralis glaberrima; ramuli angulati, glabri, flavido-cinerei. Foha
coriacea, persistentia, elliptica, breviter et obtusiuscule acuminata, basi late
cuneata, minute et obscure denticulata denticulis fere ad glandulam adustam
reductis, 5-7.5 cm. longa et 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, glaberrima, supra luteoviridia, subtus
pallidiore, costa media supra manifeste impressa, nervis utrinsecus 6-7 supra
leviter v. vix impressis subtus leviter elevatis. Flores in fasciculis axillaribus 10-
20-floris, polygamo-dioeci ? (masculi tantum visi); pedicelli graciles 1-4 mm. longi;
calyx cupularis, 4-lobus, lobis semiorbicularibus minute ciliolati, ceterum glabri,
corolla tubo brevissimo, lobis 4 oblongis obtusis patentibus vix 3 mm. longis;
stamina 4, petala subaequantia; rudimentum pistilli subglobosum, sepala paullo
superans, basi tantum tubo calycis adnatum. Fructus desideratur.

Yunnan: Puerh Fu, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 13273).

This remarkable species is not closely related to any Asiatic species, but seems
nearest to the South American S. tetrandra Martins and S. variabilis Martius which
both belong to the section Barberina of the subgenus Epigenia, characterized by
polygamous flowers and 4-25 free stamens. The individual flowers look very much
like those oi S. tetrandra as figured in the Flora Brasiliensis (VII. t. 14, fig. 1) except
that the style is wanting, while the shape of the calyx and of the rudimentary ovary
resembles closely that of S. variabilis figured in the same work (VII. t. 11, fig. 3
and 4) except that there are only 4 stamens in our plant. In fohage our species
resembles the Chinese S. decora Hance so closely that without flowers it might be
taken for it. The occurrence in Asia of a species belonging to the subgenus Epigenia
known before only from South America and the West Indies forms a parallel case
to S. tinctoria L'Heritier which is the only American species of the otherwise purely
Asiatic subgenus Hopea.

Symplocos pilosa Rehder n. sp.

Arbor 3-metralis; ramuli hornotini dense flavido-pilosi, secundo anno tarde
glabrescentes, vetustiores glabri fusco-purpurei. Folia papyracea, partim sub-
persistentia, oblonga v. oblongo-lanceolata, basi rotundata, satis longe acuminata,
serrulata, 7-15 cm. longa et 2.5-4.5 cm. lata, supra laete viridia, glabra, subtus
ad nervos venulasque pilosa, nervis utrinsecus 7-10, supra ut costa media impressis,
subtus elevatis; petioli dense pilosi, circiter 5 mm. longi. Racemi axillares prae-
cipue in basi ramulorum numerosi, plerumque basi ramosi, interdum simplices,
2.5-4 cm. longi, rhachide, pedicelhs, bracteis, tubo calycis dense flavido-pilosis;
pedicelli 1-2 mm. longi, rarius inferiores longiores; bracteae lanceolatae, circiter 4
mm. longae, intus glabrae; bracteolae lineari-lanceolatae, 2-2.5 mm. longi, circiter
dimidios lobos calycis attingentes; calycis lobi ovati, obtusi, 2 mm. longi, tubum
paullo superantes, longe ciliati, intus glabri, extus sparse pilosi, patentes; corolla
fere ad basin partita, lobis ovali-oblongis, obtusis, 5 mm. longis; stamina circiter 50,
longiora corollam dimidio longiora, basi tantum coahta, indistincte pentadelphia,
filamentis fihformibus glabris, antheris subglobosis; ovarium apice glabrum, 3-

SYMPLOCACEAE. — SYMPLOCOS 599

loculare; stylus glaber, 7 mm. longus, stamina longiora subaequans. Fructus
desideratur.

Yunnan : Mengtsze, south mountain forests, alt. 2600 m.,A. Henry (No. 10698).

This very distinct species is distinguished by its densely pilose branches and
pilose inflorescences which are racemose and branched at the base and by the nearly
membranous leaves, pilose beneath. It seems to belong near S. javanica Kurz and
S. laurina Wallich, but differs considerably from these species in its dense pilose
pubescence and in the thinner leaves rounded at the ba.se. Like in S. myriantha
Rehder most of the flowers are borne on the lower part of the branchlets below the
foliage leaves.

Symplocos longipetiolata Rehder, n. sp.

Arbor parva, 5-metralis; ramuli glabri, flavido-cjnerei; gemma terminalis acuta
glabra. Folia coriacea persistentia, elliptico- v. oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata,
basi cuneata, 8-12 cm. longa et 2.5-4 cm. lata, Integra, glaberiima, eu])ra lutco-
viridia, subtus flavescentia, costa media supra imjTressa subtus elevata, nervia
utrinsecus 9-10 supra leviter v. vix impressis subtus elevatis; petioli glabri, supra
canaliculati, 1.5-2 cm. longi. Flores in sicco albidi, in spicis axillaribus densis
multifloris, 2.5-3 cm. longis, sessiles v. brevisshne pedicellati; rhaehis, bracteue
bracteolae dense fulvo-sericeo-villosae; bracteae rotundatae concavae, 5-6 mm.
diam.; bracteolae dimidio breviores, lanceolatae; calycis tubus turbinatus, glaber,
1.5 mm. longus, lobi ovati v. ovato-oblongi, obtusi, pallidi, inaequales, tubo circiter
•dimidio v. interdum paullo tantum breviores; corollae lobi ovali-oblongi v. oblongi,
circiter 5 mm. longi, 2.5-3 mm. lati; stamina circiter 50, indistincte pentadelphia,
yalde inaequalia, longiora corolla triente longiora; ovarii apex minute pubesccns;
stylus glaber, corolla paullo brevior. Fructus desideratur.

Yunnan: Mengtsze, northern mountain forests, alt. 3000 m., A. Henry (No.
10874).

This species seems nearest to S. holryantha Franchet and S. decora Hance, but
is easily distinguished by the quite entire, acutely acuminate leaves and the sessile
or nearly sessile flowers, with about 50 stamens. It also resembles in its foliage
S. Wil&onii Brand (not S. Wilsonii Hemsley which is S. stellaris Brand).

OLEACEAE.i

Determined by Alfred Rehder,

LIGUSTRUM L.

Ligustrum acutissimum Koehne in Festschrift Siehzig. Gehurtst.
Ascherson, 192, fig. 1 a (1904); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. I. 8, fig.
1 a (1905). —Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 806, fig. 505 m-n2
(1911).

Ligustrum Ibota Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 21 (non Siebold) (1889),
quoad specimina Hupehensia. — Dials in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 532 (1900).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets, alt. 600-
1200 m., June, July and September, 1907 (No. 315; bush about 2 m.
tall, flowers white, fruit black) ; Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-
1600 m., June and November 1907 (No. 315^; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers
white) ; Fang Hsien, thickets, side of streams, alt. 300-1000 m.. May
28, 1907 (No. 3503; bush 1-3 m. tall, flowers white); without precise
locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 938), A. Henry (Nos. 5881,
6583, 7158, 7447). Kiangsi : Kuling, thickets, common, alt. 1300 m.;
July 28, 29, 31, 1907 (Nos. 1633, 1638, 1640; bushes 1-2 m. tall);
same locality, alt. 1200 m., August 1, 1907 (No. 1593; bush 2 m. tall,
with wild insect white wax (peh-la) .

This species seems to be as variable in its pubescence and in the shape of its
leaves as L. ibota Siebold to wliich it is closely related; Henry's No. 7158 and the
specimens from Kiangsi except No. 1633 have nearly glabrous leaves sometimes,
particularly on the flowering branches, obtuse and rather broad. On some fruiting
specimens as on Henry's No. 7447 and Wilson's No. 1633 the calyx and pedicels
ehow traces of pubescence. The glabrescent specimens from Kiangsi and No. 7158
from Hupeh which are all in immature fruit may belong to L. ibota, but differ
from that species in their more pointed leaves and in the generally narrower in-
florescence.

Ligustrum expansum Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex circiter 3-metralis (secundum cl. Wilson) ; ramuli hornotini
sparse pilosi v. fere glabri, teretes, annotini pallide flavo-cinerei spar-
sissime lenticellati. Folia membranacea, elliptico-oblonga v. lanceo-
lato-oblonga, utrinque sensim attenuata, apice saepius longe acuminata,

1 See also vol. I. 297-302 and vol. II. 258-262.
600

OLEACEAE. — LIGUSTRUM 601

V. obovato-oblonga ad obovata, acuminata, basi cuneata, 6-12 cm.
longe et 2-3.5 cm. late v. latiora 7-12 cm. longa et 4.5-5.5 cm. lata,
supra glabra, subtus tota facie plus minusve villosa, interdum glabres-
centia et tantum basin versus et secus nervos villosa, nervis utrinse-
cus 6-8 subtus vix V. leviter elevatis; petioli 0.5-1.2 cm. longi, sparse
pilosi V. glabri. IniElorescentia paniculata, ampla et laxa, 10-18 cm.
longa et 12-16 cm. lata, in parte inferiore saepe bracteis foliaceis in-
structa, rhachi et ramulis teretibus breviter plerumque biseriatim
pilosis; flores in axibus tertii et secundi ordinis solitarii v. basin versus
2-3-fasciculati, breviter pedicellati v. fere sessiles; pedicelli glabri; ca-
lyx truncatus v. indistincte dentatus, glaberrimus; corolla hypocrateri-
morpha, 8-9 mm. longa, tubo lobis ovatis 3-4 mm. longis demum re-
flexis plerumque duplo longiore; stamina exserta, filamentis dimidios
lobos superantes v. interdum lobos fere aequantes, antheris oblongis
exsertis et demum saepe subhorizontalibus. Fructus ignotus.

Western Hupeh: without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 5908,
type, 5908''); Hsing-shan Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1300 m., June
1907 (No. 3504).

This is a very distinct species and resembles in general appearance L. robustum
Hooker f . & Thomson which, however, is easily distinguished by the glabrous loaves
and the smaller corolla with a short tube. It also suggests a species of Syringa,
particularly of the section Villosae, but none of the species with elongated corolla-
tube have exserted stamens.

Ligustnim Henryi Hemsley in Jo2ir. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 90 (1889). —
Koehne in Festschr. Siehzig. Geburtst. Ascherson, 203, fig. 4*^ (1904). —
Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 808, fig. 509 f-i, 510 a (1911).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsicn, ravines, alt. 300-1000 m.,
August and December 1907 (No. 699; bush 2-4 m. tall, flowers white,
fruit black); near Ichang, A. Henry (Nos. 3124, 3310, 3575).

Ligustrum Delavayanum Hariot in Jour, de Bot. XIV. 172 (1900). —
Boucher in Rev. Hort. 1901, 495, fig. 221. — Schneider, HI Handb.
Laubholzk. II. 799 (1911).

Ligxisirum Pratiii Koehne in Festschr. Sivbzig. Geburtst. Ascherson, 203, fig.
4*^ (1904); in Fcdde, Rep. Spec. Nov. I. 11, fig. 4 (1905). — Schneider, III.
Handb. Laubholzk. II. 808, fig. 509 k-1, 510 b (1911).

Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1300 m., June and
October 1908 (No. 1075*; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers white, fruit blue-
black); same locality, October 1908 (No. 3732; bush 2-3 m. tall; fruit
blue-black); north of Tachien-lu, side of streams, alt. 2000 m., October
1910 (No. 4592; bush 2 m. tall); Mupin, thickets, alt. 1300 m., October

602 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

1908 (No. 1075; bush 2-3 m. tall, fruit blue-black); same locality,
side of streams, alt. 1000-1600 m., June and November 1908 (No. 1290;
bush 1.5-2.5 m. tall, flowers white); without precise locality, July
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4083) ; Nanch'uan, " Chao-chia-ai," Sep-
tember 29, 1891, A. von Rosihorn (No. 1052).

Though in the original description of L. Delavayanum the corolla is described
as rotate, I find that in a specimen I collected myself in 1901 from a plant under
this name in Vilmorin's Fruticetum at Les Barres the corolla is infundibuliform as
in L. Prattii. Another specimen of L. Delavayanum sent to me recently by M.
Mottet from Vilmorin's nursery at Verrieres is exactly like it. As both specimens
agree in all other characters with the original description, I must assume that the
description of the corolla as rotate is not quite correct, especially as the tube is
described as " tubo calycem circiter duplo superante." The specimens agree well
with those collected by Henry and by Wilson and referred to L. Prattii except
that the pedicels are slightly hairy toward the base. Ligustrum Delavayanum
seems somewhat variable in the size and shape of the leaves. Wilson's No. 4083
has the leaves on vigorous shoots up to 6.5 cm. long and almost oblong-lanceolate
in outline, while on the flowering branchlets they are 2-3.5 cm. long and differ
little from those of typical L. Delavayanum. The panicles, too, are larger and
more pyramidal in outline and measure from 6 to 7 cm. in length; the whole
specimen resembles closely L. ovalifolium Hasskarl except that it has the branch-
lets and the axes of the inflorescence puberulous and terete and rather longer
petioles. In spite of these differences, however, I cannot take No. 4083 for any-
thing else than an extremely vigorous specimen of L. Delavayanum. A. von
Rosthorn's No. 1052 is somewhat intermediate.

Ligustrum ionandrian Diels from Yunnan seems very near and is possibly only
a form of this species with stunted flowering branchlets and short and dense
panicles.

Ligustrum gracile Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex 1.5-3 m. altus, ramis gracilibus patentibus; ramuh tenues,
teretes, annotini fere glabri, basin versus tantum minutissime puberuli,
lenticellis sparsis notati, annotini et vetustiores cinerei v. flavido-cine-
rei. Folia decidua, lanceolata v. lineari-lanceolata, rarius oblongo-
lanceolati, utrinque attenuata, inferiora interdum obtusiuscula, 1.5-
3.5 longa et 4-7 mm. lata, rarius ad 5 cm. longa et ad 1.4 cm. lata,
glaberrima, supra luteo-viridia, opaca, subtus paullo pallidiora, costa
media supra leviter impressa subtus elevata, nervis obsoletis v. fere
obsoletis; petioh graciles, 1-4 mm. longi. Inflorescentia paniculata,
5-8 cm. longa et fere ac lata, ramis ad 12 cm. longa, ramulis subtereti-
bus patentibus, bracteis foliaceis suffultis, glabra, floribus plerumque
in axibus tertii v. quarti ordinis subsessilia v. brevissime pedicellati;
calyx minute denticulatus, glaber; corolla hypocraterimorpha, 4-5
mm. longa, tubo lobos oblongo-ovatos apice acutiusculos cucullatos
demum recurvos subaequante v. eis paullo longiore, rarius paullo bre-

OLEACEAE. — LIGUSTRUM 603

viore; antherae oblongae, flavae, lobis coroUae paullo breviores, erectae
V. suberectae, basi in tubo inclusae. Fructus desideratur.

Western Szech'uan: descent of Hsao-chin-ho, near Hongkong
Ting, alt. 2300-2800 m., June 29, 1908 (No. 3498, type) ; Tung River
valley, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4084).

This species seems most closely related to L. Massalongianum Visiani which
differs in its densely pubescent inflorescence, with suberect ramifications, pubescent
and closely lenticellate branchlets; in the longer corolla-tube and shorter ex-
serted anthers. The variability in the length of the corolla-tube is rather unusual
in the genus; in Wilson's No. 4084 the tube is as long or somewhat longer than
the lobes, while in No. 3498 it is about as long or shorter than the lobes.

Ligustrum lucidum Alton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, I. 19 (1810). — Loise-
leur-Delongchamps, Herb. Amat. IV. t. 264 (1820).— Sims in Bot.
Mag. LII. t. 2565 (1825). — De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 293 (1844). —
Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 82 (1873). — Decaisne in Fl. des
Serres, XXII. 8 (1877); in Norn. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, II. 20
(1879). — Plemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 92 (1889). — Dippel,
Handb. Laubholzk. I. 129, fig. 78 (1889). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX.
532 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII.
690 (1910); XVIII. 134 (1911). — Schneider, III. Handb. Laubholzk.
II. 796, fig. 500 I.e. 501 k-m (1911). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou,
295 (1914).

Phillyrea paniculata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. I. 100 (1820); ed. 2, I. 100 (1832). —

Roemer & Schultes Syst. Mant. I. 82 (1822). — Sprengel, -SysL I. 33

(1825).
Olea clavata G. Don, Gen. Syst. IV. 49 (1838).

Ligustridium japonicum Spach, Hist. Veg. VIII. 271 (pro parte) (1839).
Visiania paniculata De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 289 (1844).
Ligustrum Roxhurghii Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 315 (non Clarke) (1850).
Ligustrum japonicum Hort. ex Decaisne in Fl. des Serres, XXII. 8 (pro synon.,

non Thunberg) (1877).
Ligustrum sinense latifolium robustum T. Moore in Gard. Chron. n. ser. X. 752,

fig. 125 (1878).
Esquirolia sinensis L4veill6 in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 441 (1912).

Western Hupeh: common around Ichang, alt. 30-600 m., June,
July and November 1907 (No. 3507, in part; bush 2-7 or tree 7-16 ra.
tall, girth 0.6-2 m., flowers white, fruit blue-black); same locality, A.
Henry (No. 1073); Patung Hsien, roadside, alt. 300-600 m., August
1907 (No. 3507, in part; tree 7 m. tall, girth 1 m., flowers white) ; Fang
Hsien, roadsides, alt. 300-1000 m., July 1907 (No. 3506; tree 5-12 ra.
tall, flowers white); " monte Triora," alt. 1950 m., October 1907, C.
Silvestri (No. 1802); without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 6217).

604 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Szech'uan: Min River valley, near Mao-chou, alt. 300-
1600 m., July 1908 (No. 3508; tree 13-20 m. tall, girth 1.6-2.5 m.,
flowers white); " Hung-pe-t'ang," A. von Rosihorn (No. 806); without
precise locality, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4086), E. Faber (No.
202). Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong
Herb. No. 2892). Chekiang: Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor.

Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 83, 307, 633 of the collection of
Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 2S6, 287.
An account of this tree in relation to breeding the white-wax insect (Coccus pela
Westwood), will be found in Wilson's A Naturalist in Western China, II. 100 (1913).

Ligustrum compactum Hooker f . & Thomson apud Brandis, For. Fl.
Brit. Ind. 310 (1874); Ind. Trees, 447 (1908). — Decaisne in Fl. des
Sevres, XXII. 10 (1877); in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, II. 23
(1879). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 616 (1882). — Dippel,
Handb. Lauhholzk. I. 127, fig. 77 (1889). — Kanjalil, Forest Fl. 230
(1901). — Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk. II. 797, fig. 500 p. (1911).

Olea compacta Wallich, Cat. No. 2819 (nomen nudum) (1828). — De CandoUe,

Prodr. VIII. 287 (1844).
Ligustrum oblong if olium Hort. Panorm. ex Decaisne in Fl. des Serves, XXII.

10 (pro synon.) (1877).
Ligustrum longif olium Carriere ex Decaisne, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1877).
Ligustrum lancifolium Carriere ex Decaisne, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1877).
Ligustrum Simonii Carriere ex Decaisne (pro synon.) (1877).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, roadsides, alt. 300-1000 m.,
July and October 1907 (No. 3505, in part; small tree, 3-7 m. tall,
flowers white, fruit blue-black); same locality; alt. 1300 m.. May 7,
1907 (No. 3509, branch with only young leaves; tree 8 m. tall, girth
1.6 m.); Patung Hsien, roadsides, alt. 600 m., October 1907 (No.
3505, in part; small tree 3-7 m. tall, fruit black); without precise lo-
cality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1193). Yunnan: Mengtsze,
eastern mountains, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 9968; tree 10 m. tall).

This species closely resembles L. lucidum Alton, but is easily distinguished by
its thinner deciduous leaves, usually narrower and more cuneate at the base, dull,
not glossy above, with closer more distinct veins, and by its less strongly lenti-
cellate branchlets.

Ligustrum thibeticum Decaisne in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6t. 2,
II. 21 (1879).

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 1600 m., June 1908
(No. 3500, bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers white).

Although Wilson's specimen has the inflorescence and branchlets slightly puberu-
lous and Decaisne places his species among the group " Frutices glaberrimi " it

OLEACEAE. — LIGUSTRUM 605

agrees in all other respects perfectlj' with his description. The leaves are lustrous
on both surfaces and the dark colored branchlets marked by numerous conspicuous
lenticels.

Ligustnim strongylophyllum Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI.
93 (1889). — Skan in Bot. Mag. CXXXII. t. 8069 (1906). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Lauhhohk. II. 799, fig. 501 a-c, 502 h-i (1911).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, San-yu-tung glen, cliffs, alt. 300 m.,
June 11, 1907 (No. 3501; bush 1-1.5 m. tall, flowers white); Ichang,
A. Henry (Nos. 1559, 3104); Fang Hsien, rocky places, alt. 1000 m.,
July 1907 (No. 3501, in part; bush 1.5 m. tall, flowers white); Patung
Hsien, cliffs, alt. 300 m., August 1907 (No. 3501, in part; bush 1.5-2.5
m. tall, flowers white); without precise locality, June 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 1504), A. Henry (No. 6299). Western Szech'uan:
Shih-ch'uan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 1000 m., August 1910 (No. 4596; bush
1-1.5 m. tall).

Ligustrum sinense Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 19 (1790). — De Candolle,
Prodr. VIII. 295 (1844). — Bentham in Hooker's Jour. Bot. & Kew
Gard. Misc. IV. 331 (1852); Fl. Hongkong. 215 (1861); Gard. Chron.
1858, 621, fig.; n. ser. X. 364, fig. 64 (1878). — Decaisne in Fl. des
Serres, XXII. 10 (1877); in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, II. 36
(1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 92 (1889). — Dippel,
Handb. Laubholzk. I. 125, fig. 75 (1889). — Schneider, III. Handb.
Laubholzk. II. 801, fig. 502 m-n, 504 k-I, 505 a-d (1911). — Leveill6,
Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 295 (1914).

Olea Walpersiana Hance in Walpers, Ann. III. 17 (1S52).

Olea consanguinea Hance, 1. c. 18 (1852).

Ligustrum villosum May in Rev. Hort. 1874, 299. — Carri^re in Rev. Hort.

1875, 460.
Ligustrum Ihota villosum Hort. ex Decaisne in Fl. des Serres, XXII. 10 (pro

synon.) (1877).
Ligustrum sinense, var. villosum Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. II. 913

(1900).

Western Szech'uan : Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 2000 m., June 1908
(No. 3496; bush 3-5 m. tall, flowers white). Western Hupeh: near
Ichang, A. Henry (No. 3619); without precise locality, A. Henry (No.
4171).

This species is exceedingly variable in the shape and pubescence of the leaves
and although the most extreme forms look very distinct, they are all connected by
intermediate forms. The specimens enumerated above seem to come nearer to
the type as it is usually interpreted than any of the other specimens from central
and western China. Of the cultivated specimens 1 have seen, I consider No. 540
of Koehne's Herbarium dendrologicum from the Botanic Garden at Darmstadt

606 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

and specimens from the Botanic Gardens at Buitenzorg in the Arnold Arbor-
etum herbarium close to the type.

Ligustrum sinense, var. Stauntonii Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am.
Hort. II. 913 (1900). — Schneider, III. Handh. Lauhliolzk. II. 801, fig.
502 o-p, 504 m-n, 505 g-I (1911).

Ligustrum Stauntoni De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 294 (1844). — Decaisne in Fl.
des Serves, XXII. 10 (1877); in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, II. 37
(1879). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. I. 126, fig. 76 (1889). — Koehne,
Deutsche Dendr. 502 (1893).

Ligustrum chinense Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1863, 88.

Ligustrum chinense nanum Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1876, 20 (forma humihs).

Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1000-1300
m.. May and December 1907 (No. 754; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers white,
fruit blue-black) ; north and south of Ichang, side of streams, alt. 300-
1300 m., May 1907 (No. 754^; bush 4 m. tall, flowers white); same
locality, A. Henry (No. 3561); Patung Hsien, A. Henry (No. 1763).
Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, thickets, alt. 300-600 m., May
1908 (No. 3495; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers white); Mupin, side of
streams, alt. 1300 m., July 1908 (No. 3499; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers
white). Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong
Herb. No. 2891). Chekiang: near Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor.

A picture of this plant will be found under No. 030 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs.

Ligustrum sinense, var. nitidum Rehder in Bailey, Standard Cycl.
Hort. IV. 1700 (sine descriptione Latina) (1915).

A typo recedit praecipue ramulis puberulis v. brevissime pilosis,
foliis supra nitidis utrinque glabris costa media subtus basin versus
tantum adpresse pubescente excepta.

Frutex 2-4-metralis. Folia ovato-oblonga v. oblongo-lanceolata,
acuta V. acuminata, rarius inferiora et minora obtusiuscula v. obtusa,
basi cuneata v. late cuneata, rarius fere rotundata, supra glabra, nitida,
costa media incisa, subtus pallide viridia, punctulata, ad costam me-
diam plerumque basin versus tantum adpresse pubescentia, ceterum
glabra, 4-6.5 cm. longa et 1.5-2.5 cm. lata, rarius latiora; petioli
breviter pubescentia, 4-6 mm. longa. Panicula 6-8 longa, breviter
pilosula; pedicelli glabri; corollae lobi ovati, filamentis manifesto
breviores. Fructus subglobosus v. ovoideus, 5-6 mm. longus atro-
coeruleus pruinosus.

Western Hupeh : near Ichang, A. Henry (Nos. 3549, type, 3320);
north and south of Ichang, side of streams, common, alt. 300-1300 m.,

OLEACEAE. — LIGUSTRUM 607

May and December 1907 (No. 754'', in part; bush 3-4 m. tall) ; Hsing-
shan Hsien, thickets, side of streams, alt. 1000-1200 m., June and
November 1907 (No. 599; bush 3-4 m. tall); Patung Hsien, thickets,
not common, alt. 1300 m.. May 1907 (No. 3497; bush 3 m. tall); same
locality, alt. 1000 m., December 1907 (No. 754% in part; bush 3-4 m.
tall); Nanto and mountains to northward, A. Henrij (Nos. 1922,
2683,3072,3190). Western Szech'uan : Mt. Omei, May, June,
July 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 5015, 5017, 5017'^).

This variety differs from the type chiefly in its nearly glabrous narrower acute
or acuminate leaves lustrous above and in the shorter and slighter i)ubescence of
the branchlets. From L. sinense, var. Stauntonu it is easily distinguished in its
typical form by the much longer and comparatively narrower pointed leaves.
There are, however, many intermediate forms, as Wilson's Nos. 599, 754", 3497
and Henry's 3072, which might be taken for large-leaved forms of var. Stauntonii.
The specimens nearest to the type are Henry's 1922 and Wilson's No. 5017" and
also his Nos. 5015 and 5017.

Ligustrum myrianthum Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 533 (1900).

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1000-
1300 m.. May 27 and October 1907 (No. 471; bush 2-3 m. tall, flowers
white, fruit blue-black); without precise locality. May 1900 (Veitch
Exped. No. 459). Szech'uan: Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No.
2099). Hongkong: E. Faher; same locality, C. Ford; same local-
ity, 1853-56, C. Wright (No. 318, fruiting specimen).

This peculiar Privet which differs from all species known to me in the inflores-
cences which spring directly from the axils of the leaves of the previous year without
leaves at their base, or are borne, if the subpersistent leaves have fallen, on per-
fectly leafless branches, is possibly only an abnormal form of L. sineyise Loureiro.
I can see no difference between von Rosthorn's and Wilson's specimens, except
that the flowers of the former are slightly smaller, although scarcely smaller than
those of Ford's Hongkong specimen, while in the shape of the inflorescence and
in the pubescence they are exactly the same; the leaves which are still partly re-
tained on Wilson's and on the Hongkong specimens agree very well with those of
L. sinense. Henry's specimens Nos. 3619 and 4171 enumerated under L. sinense
are distinctly intermediate in the character of their inflorescence; most of these
panicles have only small bract-like leaves in their lower part, some are entirely
leafless, while a few have nearly normal leaves below the inflorescence.

Ligustrum Quihoui Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1869, 377. — Decaisne
in Fl des Serres, XXII. 6 (1877); in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, s6t.
2, II. 35 (1879). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. I. 124, fig. 73 (1889).—
W. D. in Gard. LXVI. 292, fig. (1904). — Schneider, III. Hatidb.
Laubholzk. II. 801, fig. 502 k-1 (1911).

Ldgustrum brachystachyum Decaisne in N'oiiv. Arch, ^fus. Paris, s6t. 2, II. 34
(1879). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, \T. 85 {PI. David.
I. 205) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 89 (1889). — Diels in

608 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 533 (1900). — Pampinini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Hal. n.
ser. XVII. 689 (1910).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1000-1300-
2000 m., July and November 1907 (Nos. 631, 780, bush 1.5-3 m. tall,
flowers white, fruit blue-black) ; Patung Hsien, roadside thickets, alt.
300-1000 m., August and December 1907 (No. 778; bush 1.5-3 m.
tall; fruit blue-black); Ichang, side of streams, alt. 30-600 m., June
1907 (No. 3502; bush 1-2 m. tall); same locality, A. Henry (No.
3973); without precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 6352, 7744); '' monti
di Nan-tcian, 1. d. To-p'in," November 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1794).
Northern Shensi: " Huan-kia-fan," June 1897, G. Giraldi; " Mt.
Lao-y-san," Hugh Scallan.

Ligusirum hrachystachyum, of which I have seen neither the type nor any speci-
men agreeing in the shape of the leaves with Decaisne's description, seems not to be
specifically different and is apparently only a form of L. Quihoui with broader
leaves. This view is strengthened by the fact that plants raised from seed col-
lected by Wilson in Hupeh have the leaves generally elliptic and about 2.5 cm.
long and 1.3 cm. broad, broader than those of his herbarium specimens.

Here may be added the description of two new species not collected during the
Arnold Arboretum expeditions.

Ligustrum formosanum Rehder, n. sp.

Ligusirum sp. Henry in Trans. As. Soc. Jap. XXIV. suppl. 59 {List PL
Formosa) (1896).

Frutex 1-3-metralis; ramuli homotini scabro-villosuli, annotini et vetustiorea
cinerei v. pallide brunneo-cinerei, glabri, sparse lenticellati. Folia persistentia
coriacea, lata ovata v. ovalia v. rhombico-ovalia, rarius obovata, plerumque brevi-
ter acuminata, rarius obtusiuscula, basi cuneata v. late cuneata, 1.5-3 cm. longa
et 1-2 cm. late, glaberrima, supra luteo-viridia, subtus paullo palHdiora; nervia
utrinsecus 3-5 supra in sicco ut venulae leviter elevatis subtus tenuioribus leviter
elevatis venulis obsoletis; petioli brevissimi, 1-2 mm. longi, crassiusculi, purpuras-
centes, breviter pilosuli. Inflorescentia terminaUs, sine pedunculo 2-3 cm. longa,
laxa, paniculata v. interdum racemosa, rhachi et ramulis quadrangularibus, sparse
pilosis; pedunculus brevis v. interdum ad 2 cm. longus, sparse lenticellatus et
sparse pilosus; pedicelli 1-5 mm. longi, graciles, angulares, glabri v. fere glabri;
calyx glaber, plerumque truncatus; corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo gracih 3-4
mm. longo lobos reflexos oblongo-ovatos duplo superante; stamina filamentia
tubum paullulo superantibus, antheris anguste oblongis 2 mm. longis, lobis paullo
brevioribus erectis v. demum subhorizontalibus. Fructus desideratur.

Formosa: Takow, Ape's Hill, A. Henry (No. 331).

This is a very distinct species characterized by very short-petioled, rhombic-ovate
leaves, a small and lax, sometimes racemose, slightly pubescent inflorescence and
small flowers with a slender elongated tube. It seems nearest to L. japonicum
Thunberg and L. Henryi Hemsley, the first of which is easily distinguished by ita
larger, longer-petioled leaves, large, perfectly glabrous panicles and larger flowers
with a shorter tube, while the second differs chiefly in its thinner ovate leaves
rounded at the base, in the denser inflorescence with sessile or nearly sessile flowers
and in the short hairs on the branchlets.

OLEACEAE. — OSMANTHUS 609

Ligiistrum pedunculare Rchder, n. sp.

Frutex ad 7-nietralis, ramis gracilibus patentibus; ramuli tenues terotcs, homo-
tini dense breviter villoso-pilosuli, annotini tarde glabrcscentes, flavido-cinorei.
Folia persistentia, subcoriacea, finna, oblongo-lanceolata, v. clliptico-lancoolata,
rarius fere lanceolata, acuminata v. longe acuminata, basin versus sensim in peti-
olum attenuata 4-8 cm. longe et 1-2.5 rarius ad 3 cm. lata, glaberrima, supra
luteo-viridia costa media manifeste et anguste impressa sicut incisa, subtus paullo
pallidiora costa elevata, nervis utrinsecus 4-7 supra obsoletis subtus leviter elevatis
anastomosantibus; petioli 2-6 mm. longi, canaliculati, glabri. Infloroscentia
paniculata, dense villoso-pilosula, sine pedunculo gracili tereti plerumque 1-2 cm.
longo 2-3 cm. longa, satis laxa, axibus secundariis duobus infimis 5-10 mm. longa
pedunculatis, 3-7-floris, supra plerumque floribus solitariis v. fasciculatis instituta;
axes subteretcs, in fructu angulares; pedicelli sparse minute pilosuli v. fere glabri;
calyx plerumque minute denticulatus, glaber; corolla circiter 7-8 mm. longa,
hypocraterimorpha, tubo lobis ovatis acutiusculis margine involutis apice cucul-
latis 2 mm. longis plus quam duplo longiore; stamina antheris quam lobi corollae
fere triente brcvioribus ovato-oblongis acutiusculis 2.5-3 mm. longis et 1.5 mm.
latis, filamentis brevibus circiter 1 mm. longis. Fructus (immaturus) ovoideus,
circiter 7 mm. longus.

Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5016, tji^e); without
precise locality, A. Henry (No. 7117).

This species seems most closely related to L. Dclavayanum Hariot, which differs
chiefly in the usually much smaller and broader leaves with the midrib slightly
impressed and more or less covered with short hairs above, in the sessile denser
and subcylindric inflorescence and in its lower habit.

OSMANTHUS Lour.

Osmanthus fragrans Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 28 (1790). — De Candolle,
Prodr. VIII. 291 (1844). — Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux,
XXX. 94 {Fl. Shanghai, 42) (1875). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Bnt.
hid. III. COG (1882). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XX. 37 (1882); XXI. 323
(1883). — Hemsley in Joiir. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 88 (1889). — Diels in
Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 532 (1900). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 445 (1906). —
Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 427 (1908). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Laubholzk. 11. 789, fig. 496 c-f (1911).— Diels in Not.
Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 43, 193, 265 (1912).

Olea fragrans Thunberg, Fl. Jap. IS, t. 2 (1784). —Sims in Bot. Mag. XXXVIII.
t. 1552 (infloresccntia anormalis) (1813). — Loddiges, Bot. Cub. XVIII. t.
1786 (1S31). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL Jap. I. 312 (1872). — Bran-
dis, For. Fl. Bnt. Ind. 309 (1874). — Ldveill(5, Fl. Kouy-Tchdou, 295
(1914).

Olea acuminata Wallich, Cat. No. 2809 (nomen nudum) (1S28). — De Candolle,
Prodr. VIII. 285 (1814).

Western Szech'uan: Hungya Hsien, cultivated in temple
grounds, etc., alt. 900 m., September 10, 1908 (No. 2374; tree 7-10 m.
tall, flowers white); Mt. Omei, September 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.

610 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

5040); Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (Nos. 628, 855). Western
Hupeh: Ichang, cultivated, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 38);
same locality, A. Hennj (Nos. 2288, 2497); without precise locality,
A. Henry (No. 7722). Yunnan: Yuan-chiang, alt. 2100 m., A.
Henry (No. 13213).

A picture of this tree will be found under No. 326 of the collection of Wilson's
photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 323.

Osmanthus serrulatus Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex 2-4 m. altus (v. arbor ad 12 m. alta), glaber; rami annotini
et vetustiores pallide brunneo-cinerei, lenticellati. Folia tenuiter co-
riacea, oblonga v. oblongo-lanceolata, interdum anguste oblongo-
obovata, acuminata, basi cuneata, spinuloso-serrulata dentibus utrin-
secus ad 30, v. dentibus paucis tantum instituta v. omnino Integra,
6-14 cm. longa et 1.8-4.5 cm. lata, subtus luteo-viridia lucidula, subtus
pallidiora opaca, costa media supra manifeste v. vix elevata, nunquam
immersa pallida, subtus elevata, nervis utrinsecus 8-12 supra ut
venulae plus minusve elevatis et plerumque pallidis, subtus leviter
elevatis, reticulo venulorum obsoleto; petioli canaliculati, 0.6-1 cm.
longi. Flores vernales, fragrantes, polygami, 4-9 fasciculati, e gemmis
axillaribus perulatis perulis minute ciliolatis ceterum glabris; pedi-
celli graciles 1-2 cm. longi; calycis lobi ovati v. late ovati, apice eroso-
denticulati v. acuti, rarius acuminati, 1-1.5 mm. longi, membranacei;
corolla fere ad basin 4-partita, lobis late oblongis circiter 5 mm. longis;
stamina pauUo supra basin inserta lobis corolla^e paullo breviora,
antheris oblongis circiter 2.5 mm. longis quam filamenta paullo longi-
cribus stylus brevis tubum corollae superans. Fructus 1-3, graciliter
pedicellati, pedicellis 1-2 cm. longis, calyce persistenti suffultus,
oblongus, apice stylo v. rudimento styli coronatus, nigro-coeruleus;
endocarpium tenue, crustaceum fragile, leviter conipressum 1 cm. Ion-
gum et 5 mm. latum.

Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 1500-1800 m., Octo-
ber 1910 (No. 4216, type; bush 2-4 m. tall, fruit blue-black); without
precise locality, alt. 2400-2600 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4079;
tree 3-12 m. tall, flowers white, fragrant; No. 4079''; shrub 2-3 m.,
flowers white).

This species seems most nearly related to 0. fragrans Loureiro which differs
chiefly in the broad subsessile anthers not longer than the tube of the corolla which
is smaller and less deeply divided, and in the usually entire more coriaceous leaves
with the midrib deeply impressed above and with slightly impressed lateral nerves
and indistinct veinlets. No. 4079 differs from the tj^pe which has the leaves closely

OLEACEAE. — CHIONANTHUS 611

serrulate with from 25 to 30 teeth on each side, in its somewhat larger more coria-
ceous leaves sometimes entire or nearlj^ entire; No. 4079" differs in its impressed
veinlets. I have, however, little doubt that the flowering and the fruiting speci-
mens belong to the same species, particularly as the young plants raised from seed
of No. 4216 agree better with a branch of No. 4079 bearing spinosely serrate
leaves than with the parent plant.

Osmanthus venosus Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser.
XVIII. 265, fig. 25 (1911).

Western Hupeh: Ichang, cultivated, alt. 300-900 m., September
1907 (No. 2374*; tree 8-10 m. tall, flowers white, fragrant).

Pampanini places this species in the section Siphosmanthus and his figure shows
a corolla with a rather tubular tube, while Wilson's No. 2374 has a distinctly cam-
panulate corolla with the tube 2.5-3 mm. and the lobes about 2 mm. long. This
agrees exactly with the measurements given by Pampanini for the flowers of his
0. venosus. I assume that in the drawing the shape of the corolla is somewhat ex-
aggerated, and as our plant agrees in all other points with Pampanini's description,
there is hardly any doubt that it is 0. venosjis. The branchlets, petioles and the
scales of the flower-buds are minutely puberulous as in 0. armatus Diels. A note
on the latter species which had not been collected during the Arnold Arboretum Ex-
pedition may be appended here.

Osmanthus armatus Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 532 (1900). — Wilson in Gard.
Chron. ser. 3, L. 113, fig. 54 (1911). — Bean in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1913, 166.

Western Hupeh : Ichang, on rocks in woods, September 1901 (Veitch Exped.
No. 2645; bush or small tree, 1-7 m. tall); same locality, A. Henry (No. 6730);
Natich'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2040, in Herb. Christiania).

Like those in other species of this genus the leaves vary from toothed to entire.
The entire leafed form may be distinguished from the preceding species to which
it is closely related by the short petioles and the rounded base of the leaves.

CHIONANTHUS L.

Chionanthus retusus Lindley & Paxton in Paxton's Flow. Gard. III.
85, fig. 273 (1853). — Walpers, An7i. V. 482 (1858). — Maximowicz in
Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XXII. 259 (1876); in Mel. Biol. IX.
653 (1877).— Gard Chron. ser. 2, XXIII. 820, fig. 178 (1885).—
Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Sac. XXVI. 88 (1889). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot.
Mag. VIII. 98, t. 3 (1894). — Relider in Rhodora, VI. 19, fig. 3, 4
(1904). — Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. 11. 793, fig. 497 t-y, 500 c
(1911).

Linociera chinensis Fischer apud Maximowicz in MSm. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St.

Petersbourg, IX. 474 (Prim. Fl. Amur.) (nomen nudum) (1859).
Chionanthus chinensis Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, XX.

430 (1875); in Mil. Biol. IX. 393 (1875).
Chionanthus Duclouxii Hickel in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1914, 72, fig.

612 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, cliffs, etc., alt. 30-
600 m., May 1907 (No. 1057, in part; bush 2-5 m. tall, flowers white,
fragrant); without precise locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 89).
Western Szech'uan: west and near Wen-ch'uan Hsien, cliffs, alt.
1300-1600 m,, September 1908 (No. 1057, in part; small tree, 7 m.
tall). Yunnan: Mengtsze, woods, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (Nos.
10532, 10532=, tree 10 m. tall, fruit plum-colored); Chuyan, A.
Henry (No. 10532^). Northern Shensi : Lao-y-san, Hugh Scallan.
Shantung: Po-shan, September 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 256, 266);
Kiauchau, July 1887 (Ex Herb. Hongkong No. 1112). Korea:
Quelpaert, May 1908, August 1909, Taquet (Nos. 1515, 3055).

Young seedling plants of this species have the leaves serrulate or on vigorous
shoots even doubly denticulate-serrulate; in plants 10 years old the leaves are still
serrulate, but all the flowering and fruiting specimens the wild as well as the cul-
tivated have perfectly entire leaves. Hickel's C. Dudouxii is based on such a
juvenile plant with serrulate leaves.

JASMINUM L.

Jasminum sinense Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 80 (1889). —
Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX. 533 (1900). — Leveille, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou,
294 (1914).

Western Szech'uan: Yachou Fu, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m.,
August and November 1908 (No. 2808; clunber 4 m., flowers white).
Western Hupeh: without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 4464).
Yunnan : Mengtsze, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9657, 9657% 9657^).

To this species probably belongs also Henry's No. 13354 from Szemao, which
differs, however, in its glabrous leaves; only the petioles, branchlets and inflo-
rescences are thinly puberulous.

Jasminum lanceolarium Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 1. 97 (1820). — De
Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 310 (1844). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit.
Ind. III. 601 (1882).

Western Szech'uan: Yachou Fu, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m.,
July 1908 (No. 781; climber 5 m., flowers white); Mt. Omei, July
1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5042). Yunnan: Szemao, forest, alt.
1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11713).

Jasminimi lanceolarium, var. puberulum Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 78 (1889).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, ravines, alt. 300-
1000 m., July and December 1907 (No. 781'*; climber 7 m., flowers

OLEACEAE. — JASMINUM 613

white, fragrant); same locality, A. Henry (No. 3G69); without precise
locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1018); A. Henry (Nos. 2729,
3000, 4562).

Jasminum urophyllum Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 81 (1889).
Western Szech'uan: near Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1000 m., Octo-
ber 1908 (No, 1 122; climber 2 m., flowers white).

Hemsley describes the flowers of this species as yellow, while Wilson states that
they are white; his specimen consists only of fruiting branches.

There may be added the description of two new varieties not collected during
the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions.

Jasminum urophyllum, var. Wilsonii Rehder, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis ut videtur fere semper 3-foliolatis, foliolis glabris, termin-
alibus anguste oblongo-lanceolatis 3-7 cm. longis et 0.8-1.5 cm. latis, lateralibus
minoribus ovato-lanceolatis v. oblongo-lanceolatis 1.5-3.5 longis et 0.5-1 cm. latis,
omnibus basi rotundatis et distincte 3-nerviis, cymis paucifloris, pedicellis graci-
libus 1.5-2.5 cm. longis.

Western Szech'uan: without precise locality, cliffs, July 1903 (Veitch Exped.
No. 4075).

Though Wilson's No. 4075 looks at the first glance very distinct from J. urophyl-
lum, I am unable to find any other characters to distinguish it from the 3-foliolate
forms of that species except the glabrous, smaller and narrower leaflets, charac-
ters which are of rather slight morphological value.

Jasminum urophyllum, var. Henryi Rehder, n. var.

A typo recedit foliis glabris plerumque unifoliolatis longioribus oblongo-lanceola-
tis basi rotundatis v. truncatis manifeste trinerviis 6-11 cm. longis et 2-3.8 cm.
latis, cymis laxis, pediceUis gracilibus 1-1.5 cm. longis.

Western Hupeh: without precise locahty, A. Henry (No. 5944, type), July
1900, E. H. Wilson (Veitch Exped. No. 1499).

This variety is easily distinguished from the type by its glabrous oblong-
lanceolate more distinctly 3-nerved simple leaves which are in J. urophyllum only
occasionally unifoliolate toward the end of the branches, generally broader, ovate-
lanceolate in outline and somewhat less distinctly 3-nerved or sometimes 5-nerved.
Henry's specimen of his No. 5944 before me has all the leaves unifoliolate, while
Wilson's No. 1499 has partly unifoUolate and partly 3-foliolate leaves, otherwise the
two do not differ. '

Though at the first glance the two varieties look very different, one having large
simple and the other small 3-foliolate leaves, I am unable to find characters between
them and J. urophyllum which would admit of specific separation.

Jasminum officinale Linnaeus, Spec. 7 (1753). — Curtis in Bot. Mag.
I. t. 31 (1787). — De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 313 (1844). — Brandis,
Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 313 (1874); Ind. Trees, 452 (1906). — Boissier,
Fl Orient. IV. 43 (1879). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 603
(1882). — Dippel, Handh. Lauhholzk. I. 150 (1889). — Collett, Fl.
Siml. 307 (1902). — Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 837, fig.
526 i-m, 527 d-e (1911).

614 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Jasniinum vulgatius Lamarck, Fl. Franc, IL 306 (1778).
Jasminum viminale Salisbury, Prodr. 12 (1796).
Jasminum affine Lindley in Bot. Reg. XXXL t. 26 (1845).

Western Szech'uan: Monkong Ting, alt. 2300-2600 m., June
1908 (No. 2807; climber 2-3 m., flowers white, fragrant); with-
out precise locality, ravines, alt. 3000 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped.

No. 4074=^).

This species does not seem to have been recorded from China before; Hemsley
states that it is cultivated in China, but Wilson's specimens were collected from
wild plants. Wilson's No. 2807 differs from the type in the leaves which are
mostly 3- or 5-foliolate and sometimes simple or incompletely 3-foliolate, while No.
4074" which has the leaves varying from 7-foliolate to nearly simple differs in its
very small leaflets not exceeding 2 cm. in length.

Jasminum floridum Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Peters-
bourg, II. 116 (Enum. PI. Chin. Bor. 42) (1833). — De Candolle,
Prodr. VIII. 313 (1844). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. IL 263
(1866); Prol. Fl. Jap. 151, 359 (1866-67). — Franchet & Savatier,
Enum. PL Jap. I. 314 (1875). — Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. CIX. t. 6719
(1883).— Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 78 (1889). — Dippel,
Handh. Laubholzk. I. 147, fig. 92 (1889). — Diels in Bot. Jahrh. XXIX.
534 (1900). — Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. II. 839, fig. 527 h-i,
528 a (1911).

Jasminum subulatum Lindley in Bot. Reg. XXVIII. misc. notes, 57
(1842). — De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 312 (1844).

Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, alt. 300-700 m.,
June and December 1907 (No. 789, in part; bush 1 m. tall, flowers
yellow); Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 600 m., June 1907 (No. 789,
in part); without precise locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 83),
A. Henry (Nos. 2700, 6288). Western Szech'uan: Nanch'uan,
Taho-kou, A. von Rosthorn (No. 163).

Jasminum Giraldii Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 534 (1900). — Pam-
panini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 689 (1910).

Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, rocky places, etc. abundant, alt.
1000 m., May 23 and November 1907 (No. 598; 1-2 m. tall, flowers
deep yellow, fruit black). Northern Shensi: Lao-y-san, June 4,
1897, G. Giraldi.

Jasminum humile Linnaeus, Spec. 7 (1753). — Alton, Hort. Kew. I.
9 (1789). — Ker in Bot. Reg. V. t. 350 (1819). — De Candolle, Prodr.
VIII. 313 (1844). — Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 602 (1882).

OLEACEAE. — JASMINUM 615

— Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. I. 146, fig. 91 (1889). — Brandis, Ind.
Trees, 452 (1906). — Schneider, III Handb. Laubholzk. II. 840 (1911).

Jasminum chrysanthemum Roxburgh, Cat. Hort. Beng. 3 (1814); Fl. Ind. I.
98 (1820).

Jasminum revolutum Sims in Bot. Mag. XLII. t. 1731 (1815). — Ker in Bot.
Reg. III. t. 178 (1817); VI. notes 2 (1820). — Loddiges in Bot. Cab. X. t. 966
(1824). — D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Ncpil. 106 (1825). — De Candolle, Prodr.
VIII. 313 (1844). —Wight, Icon. PI. Ind. Orient. IV. 14, t. 12,58 (18.50). —
Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 313 (1874). — Boissier, Fl. Orient. IV. 42
(1879). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. I. 148, fig. 93 (1889). — Schneider,
III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 839, fig. 527 m-n, 528 g-i (1911).

Jasminum bignoniaceum WaUich, Cat. No. 28SS (nomen nudum) (1829). —
G. Don, Gen. Syst. IV. 63 (1838). — De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 313 (1844).

Jasminum Wallichianum Lindley in Bot. Reg. XVII. t. 1409 (1831). — Schnei-
der, III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 839, fig. 527 k-1, 528 d-f (1911).

Jasyninum inodorum Jacquemont apud Decaisne in Jacquemont, Voy. IV.
139, t. 143 (1844). — De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 312 (1844).

Western Szech'uan: Monkong Ting, descent of Hsao-chin-ho
valley, alt. 2300-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 2809; bush 1-2 m. tall,
flowers yellow); Min River valley, Wen-ch'uan Hsien, alt. 600-1300
m., July and November 1908 (No. 2810; bush 0.75-1 m. tall; flowers
yellow); Maochou, dry arid places, common, alt. 1300-1600 m., May
24, 1908 (No. 281 1 ; bush 0.3-2 m. tall, flowers yellow); without precise
locality, alt. 3000-3300 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4077),
alt. 2300 m., August 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4078).

Wilson's specimens differ from all the Himalayan specimens I have seen in the
3-5-foliolate leaves with generally oblong obtusish leaflets and in the usually 3-5-
flowered inflorescence. In these characters it agrees very well with the description
of typical J. humile as contrasted with the Himalayan J. revolutum. Wilson's
Nos. 4078 and 2810 are very much like the figure in the Botanical Register (t.
350) except that the leaflets are more obtusish; the other specimens have generally
narrower leaflets, particularly Nos. 2809 and 4077, which have the leaflets oblong
and about 1-2 cm. long and 0.4-0.6 cm. broad. In Nos. 2810 and 2811 the leaflets
and the petioles and in No. 2811 the young branchlets also are slightly pubescent.

Here may be added some notes on species not collected during the Arnold
Arboretum expeditions.

Jasminum Beesianum Forrest & Diels in Not. Bot. Card. Edinburgh, V. 253
(1912). — L6veill6, Fl. Kouy-Tchcou, 293 (1914).

Western Szech'uan: without precise locality, ravines, alt. 1000-2000 m.,
May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4074; climber, flowers rose to nearly white).

Jasminum nintooides Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex scandens ramis me<lulla lamellosa fulvescente repletis; ramuli hornotini
dense pilis patentibus flavescentibus vestiti, annotini glabrescentes. Foha opposita,
chartacea, subpersistentia, breviter petiolata, ovata v. late ovata, acuta v. obtusa
et mucronulata, basi rotundata v. truncata, interdum subcordata, margine plus
minusve revoluta, 1.5-3.5 cm. longa et 1-2.5 cm. lata, utrinque molHter villosa,

616 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

Bupra sparsius, subtus dense et longe villosa, nervis utrinsecus 2-4, saepe obscuris,
basalibus saepe magis distinctis, inde basi plus minusve manifeste trinervia, rarius
5-nervia; petioli dense villosi, 2-6 mm. longi. Flores solitarii axillares, saepe in
apice ramulorum 2-4 aggregati; pedicelli dense villosi, 2-3 mm. longi; calyx dense
villosus, tube campanulato, lobis linearibus 3-4 mm. longis; corolla alba, tubo
angusto circiter 2 cm. longo, lobis 5-6 oblongo-lanceolatis acutis v. acutiusculis
circiter 1 cm. v. paullo ultra longis et 3-4 mm. latis. Fructus subglobosus, pur-
pureo-niger, nitidus, 6-7 mm. diam.

Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1600 m., trailing and climbing over rocks, A. Henry
(Nos. 9433, type, 9433% 9433'').

This is a very distinct looking species particularly in the fruiting state when it
much resembles Lonicera (§ Nintooa) japonica Thunberg in general appearance.
Apparently it is most closely related to J. pubescens Willdenow which has larger,
more acuminate and less villose leaves on longer petioles and the flowers in dense
capitate cymes.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE.^

Determined by Alfred Rehder.

HEPTACODIUM Rehder, n. gen.

Calycis tubus turbinatus, dense setosus; lobi 5, oblongi, persistentes,
accrescentes; corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis, tubo leviter curvato
basi subaequali; limbus leviter bilabiatus, 5-partitus, lobis oblongis,
antico patente v. reflexo, posticis erecto-patentibus; stamina 5, fila-
mentis fauci corollae insertis elongatis, antheris oblongis; stylus fili-
formis; ovarium inferior, 3-locularis; loculi duo ovulis pluribus steri-
libus instructi, tertius ovulo solitario fertili. Fructus coriaceus,
oblongus, calyce limbo accrescente coronatus, 3-locularis, loculis
duobus effoetis compressis, tertio monospermo; semen elongatum basi
subcylindrium, supra compressum, testa membranacea, albumine
carnoso ; embryo brevis cylindricus, in basi seminis. — Frutex erectus,
ramulis striatis meduUosis, gemmis perulatis. Folia decidua, opposita,
petiolata, 3-nervia, integra; stipulae nullae. Flores albi, sessiles, in
capitulis axes primi ad tertii ordinis terminantibus et paniculam ter-
minalem erectam formantibus; capitula 7-flora, involucrata, involucre
persistente, e bracteolis 10 ovatis dense sericeis in duobus seriebus dis-
positis, 4 exterioribus et 6 interioribus, composite et basi bracteis 2
majoribus orbiculari-ovatis suffulto, pedunculata pedunculo stricto
bracteis parvis 2 v. 4 decussatis instructo.

Genus novum Abeliae et Lonicerae proxima; ab utroque recedit
capitulis 7-floris involucratis, a priore insuper distinguitur staminibus
5 fauci corolla insertis, a posteriore ovarii et fructus indole.

Species unica Chinae centralis incola.

This genus is very distinct in its general appearance from any other genus of the
Caprifoliaceae. In the structure of its flowers it closely resembles Lonicera, while
in the structure of its ovary and in its fruit it is very near Abclia. The inflorescence
may be compared with the 6-flowercd whorls representing two 3-flowercd cj-mea
of the section Periclymenum of Lonicera ; if it is assumed that the central axis of
these whorls is terminated by a flower, we have the inflorescence of Heptacodium,
and if a species with well-developed bractlcts like Lonicera Periclymenum Linnaeus

» See also vol. I. 106-144, 306-312.
617

618 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA

is examined, a perfect agreement in the position and in the number of bracts and
bractlets is found. In that species the whole whorl is supported by two bracts;
these are followed by a series of four narrow bractlets corresponding to the pro-
phylla of the central flowers of the two cymes, and alternate with the ovaries
follows a second series of six larger and broader bractlets corresponding to the
prophylla of the four lateral flowers of the cymes. The only difference is that in
Heptacodium the bractlets of the two series are almost alike in size and shape.
In either case the inner series ought to consist really of eight bractlets, but the devia-
tion in the number of bractlets is easily explained by the abortion of one pair or the
union of two pairs of bractlets caused by the fact that they alternate with the six
ovaries which leaves space for six bractlets only. Abortion or union of bractlets
is of very frequent occurrence in Lonicera.

Only a single ripe fruit was available for examination; the seed was 7.5 mm. long
and cylindrical in the lower fourth, which contained the embryo; the upper three-
fourths were flattened and had the appearance of a wing-like appendage to the lower
thick part. This appendage, however, did not consist of the testa alone, but con-
tained a narrow layer of albumen, which suggests that the peculiar shape of the
seed ma}' be due to the shrinking of the upper part for want of nourishment, the
fruit having possibly been gathered before it was fully ripe.

The generic name is derived from eirTo. and KoiSeta in allusion to the seven-
flowered heads of the inflorescence.

Heptacodium miconioides Rehder, n. sp.

Frutex 3-metralis, ramis erectis medulla ampla solida repletis; ramuli
hornotini striati, sparse adpresse pilosi, annotini purpurei, glabri; gem-
mae ovatae acutiusculae, perulis circiter 8 exterioribus margine dense
ciliosulo excepto glabris. Folia decidua, chartaeea, late ovata, subito
acuminata, basi truncata v, rotundata et interdum plus minusve in
petiolum decurrentia, margine integra, interdum crispulo-undulata,
5-8.5 cm. longa et 4-5.5 cm. lata, supra glabra intense luteo-viridia,
subtus pallidiora, lutescentia, nervis primariis praecipue basin versus
dense strigoso-pilosis exceptis glabra, leviter reticulata, manifeste
3-nervis, nervis lateralibus plerumque in petiolum decurrentibus supra
leviter subtus manifeste elevatis; petioli supra canaliculati, 0.7-1 cm.
longi, subtus dense piloso-strigosi. Panicula 4.5-8 cm. longa et 4-5
cm. lata, rhachi et ramulis strigoso-pilosis; bracteae inferiores folia-
ceae, ceterae lanceolatae, eae ramulorum ovatae, acuminatae, 2-3 mm.
longae, ciliatae, bracteae ad basin capitulorum late ovate, acuminula-
tae, 4 mm. longae, ciliatae, basin versus pubescentis; bracteolae
capitulorum late ovatae v. ovales obtusiusculae, dense sericeae, cir-
citer 3 mm. longae; flores sessiles; calycis tubus dense pilis setosis
erecto-patentibus vestitus, circiter 2 mm. longus, lobi oblongi, sub-
aequilongi, acutiusculi, dense sericei; corolla circiter, 1 cm. longa, extus
dense pilis reflexis minutis vestita, tubo leviter curvato intus villosulo,
lobis oblongis paullo breviore; limbus leviter bilabiatus, lobis 5 fere

CAPRIFOLIACEAE. — HEPTACODIUM 619

aequalibus, 6 mm. longis et 2-2.5 mm. latis; stamina 5, corolla paullo
breviora, filamentis glabris, antheris 2 mm. longis versatilibus; stylus
8 mm, longus fere ad apicem pilosus, stigmate capitato parvo. Fructus
oblongo-cylindricus, 10-costatus, sparse adpresse setosus, circiter 1 cm.
longus; calycis lobi oblongi v. spathulato-oblongi, obtusiusculi, nervosi,
utrinque minute pubescentes 10-12 mm. longi.

Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 900 m,, very rare,
July and October 1907 (No. 2232).

In its habit and general appearance this plant suggests a member of the family
of Melastomaceae and on account of the comparatively small flowers in terminal
panicles it resembles particularly Miconia. Only close examination showed that
this interesting plant belongs to the Caprifoliaceae.

CORRECTIONS

Tsuga chinensis (p. 38). In the herbarium of the Botanic Garden, Tokyo,
Wilson saw the type specimen of Tsuga formosana Hayata and considers it typical
T. chinensis Pritzel, although the leaves are rather shorter than is usual.

Keteleeria Davidiana (p. 40). In the herbarium of the Botanic Garden, Tokyo,
Wilson saw the type specimen of Keteleeria Davidiana, var. formosana Hayata and
considers it typical K. Davidiana Beissner.

Abies Beissneriana (p. 46). Line 1 of description read: "truncoad6m. in cir-
cuitu metiente," instead of " trunco ad 6 m. diam."

Juniperus squamata (p. 59). In the herbarium of the Botanic Garden, Tokyo,
Wilson saw the type specimen of Juniperus morrisonicola Hayata and considers it
typical /. squamata Lambert.

Cinnamomum hupehanum (p. 69). Add as a synonym:
Cinnamomum glanduliferum Lecomte in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, b6t. 5, V.
74 (pro parte, non Meisner) (1915), saltern quoad specimen Wilsonii No.
836.

Phoebe Sheareri (p. 72). Add to the enumeration of specimens under western
Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, alt. 900 m.. May 1907 (No. 3695; tree 8-15 m. tall).

Machilus Thunbergii (p. 73). The true M. Thunbergii Siebold and Zuccarini
does not occur in central or western China. The Chinese specimens referred by
Gamble to this species with the exception of No. 3695 and 5184* which belong to
Phoebe Sheareri Gamble represent the following new species:

Machilus ichangensis Rehder & Wilson, n. sp.
Machilus Thunbergii Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 378 (pro parte, non
Siebold & Zuccarini) (1891) ; Hooker's Icon. XXVI. t. 2538 (1897). — Gamble
in Sargent, PI. Wilson. II. 73 (pro parte) (1914).

Arbor 7-15-metralis; ramuli satis graciles, glabri, fusco-rubri, rarius fusco-
cinerei, vix lenticellati. Foha alterna, chartacea, oblongo-lanceolata v. lanceolata.,
longe acuminata, basi sensim attenuata, rarius late cuneata, 10-18 cm. longa
et 2-4.5 cm. lata, rarius paullo latiora, supra glabra, nitidula, luteo-viridia, subtus
glaucescentia initio costa media glabra excepta minute sericea, demum glabra,
in sicco utrinque subtus manifestius dense reticulata, nervis utrinsecus 12-17
arcuatis subtus ut costa media manifeste; supra leviter elevatis, costa media
Bupra leviter impressa; petioli supra canaUculati, graciles, circiter 1.5 cm., rarius
ad 2.5 cm. longi. Paniculae ad basin innovationum ex axiUis bractearum cadu-
carum orientes, graciliter pedunculatae pedunculo 3. .5-5 cm. longo, raniulis in-
ferioribus 2-3-floris superioribus unifloris, glabrae; pedicelli 5-7 mm. longi, sparse
minute sericci; flores albidi; perianthium fere ad basin divisum; lobi 5-6 mm. longi,
extus minute sericei, intus apice exceiUa glabri, demum refloxi, extcriores anguete
oblongi, obtusiusculi, 2 mm. lati, interiorcs oblongi, obtusi, 3 mm. lati; stamina 9,
perianthio paullo breviora, subaequilonga, filamontis glabris 2.5 mm. longis,
antheris oblongis obtusis 1.5 mm. longis, ea ordinis III. basi soriceo-pilosa et glan-
dulis 2 suborbicularibus stipitatis iustructa; staminodia ordinis IV. triangularis,

621

622 CORRECTIONS

acutiuscula, basi truncata, stipite incluso 1.75 mm. longa: ovarium subglobosum,
glabrum; stylus basi incrassatus, 3 mm. longus, stigmate capitato parvo. Drupa
subglobosa, minute apiculata, 6-7 mm. diam., glabra, basi periantliio reflexo in-
structa, pedicello vix incrassato.

Western Hupeh: Ichang gorge, Ping-shan-pa, at river level, April and June
1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 366; type); Nanto, April 28, 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 99;
tree 8 m. tall, flowers white); Changyang Hsien, alt. 300 m.. May 1907 (No. 3700;
tree 7-10 m. tall, flowers whitish) ; Hsingshan Hsien, April 1901 (Veitch Exped.
No. 119); Patung Hsien, May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1933); without precise
locaHty, A. Henry (No. 6121).

This species is closely related to M. Thunbergii Siebold & Zuccarini which differs
chiefly in its broader, obovate or oblong-obovate, more coriaceous and more lus-
trous leaves quite glabrous even while young, in the yellow flowers quite glabrous
outside and in the larger fruits measuring 1 cm. or more in diameter. Henry's No.
6121 differs from the type of M. ichangensis in the slightly silky under surface of
the mature leaves, but in all other characters it agrees with the type of the species.

Wilson's Nos. 3695 and 5184'' referred by Gamble to M. Thunbergii Siebold &
Zuccarini belong to Phoebe Sheareri Gamble.

Like most other Chinese Lauraceae M. ichangensis is of rather local distribution
and is confined to a limited area in western Hupeh. It is very common at low alti-
tudes round Ichang and in other places in western Hupeh and is colloquially knowTi
as the Hsiao Nanmu (Little Nanmu). It is a rather small tree, seldom exceeding
15 m. in height, and has short, thin branches which form a neat oval crown. The
flowers are white or nearly so and the globose fruit is shining black.

The Japanese M. Thunbergii Siebold & Zuccarini with which this new species
has been confused is very different in habit and general appearance. During 1914,
Wilson became well acquainted with the Japanese species which grows from Yoko-
hama southward to the island of Yakushima and is e.specially common near the sea.
It is usually a tree of moderate height (from 10-15 m.) with a wide-spreading flat-
tened or flattened-round crown composed of massive branches and a short tnmk from
2 to 4 m. in girth; the leaves are relatively broad, dark green and shining and the
flowers are yellow. The wood is heavy, very hard and tough and is used for various
purposes, among others by peasants and lumbermen it is used for making solid
wheels for low carts and trucks. The Japanese call this tree the " Tabu-no-ki."
A picture of this tree will be found under No. x220 of the collection of Wilson's
Japanese photographs.

Hemsley in a note (Hooker's Icon. sub. t. 2538) states that according to "G.
M. H. Playfair Esqr., H. B. M. Consul at Ningpo, shavings of the wood of the
Chinese species yield a mucilage, when soaked in water, which is used by Chinese
ladies in ' bandolining ' their hair." According to Wilson the wood of neither the
Ichang tree (M. ichangensis Rehder & Wilson) nor that of the Japanese tree {M.
Thunbergii Siebold & Zuccarini) is used for any such purpose.

Sassafras tzumu (p. 74). Add as a synonym after Litsea laxiflora:
Pseudosassafras Tzumu Lecomte, Not. Syst. II. 269 (1912); in Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Paris, ser. 5, V. 108 (1913).

Caragana Maximowicziana (p. 103). To this species belongs the following
specimen: Kansu: Min-chou, alt. 2600-3000 m., 1910, W. Purdom (No. 681).
All specimens from western Szech'uan cited under this species belong to the fol-
lowing species :

Caragana erinacea Komarov in Act. Horl. Petrop. XXIX. 268, t. 9, fig.
B (Gen. Carag. Mmog.) (1909).

CORRECTIONS 623

Clausena punctata (p. 140). Add as a synonym:
Clnucena Lansium Skeels in Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. PI. Indust.
CLXVllI. 31 (1909).

Skeels apparently rejected the oldest specific name on account of Clausena punc-
tata Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 140 (1845) ^ based on Amyris punctata Roxburgh
{Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 251 [1832]) ; this name, however, is universally considered a sjTionym
of C. excavata Burman {Fl. Ind. 87 [1768]), though, as the latter species is based on
a Javanese plant, while Amyris punctata is based on an Indian plant, there is the
possibility that the two may turn out to be specifically different; in such a case
C. punctata Voigt would become the name of the Indian plant, and C. punctata
Rehder & Wilson would be replaced by C. lansium Skeels.

Sageretia Cavaleriei (p. 228). This becomes a synonym of the following name:

Sageretia Henryi . Drummond & Sprague in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1908,
14; 1914, 175.

Sageretia apiculata (p. 231). This becomes a synonym of the following name:

Sageretia gracilis Drummond & Sprague in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1908,
15; 1914, 175.

Rhamnus heterophyllus (p. 232). Add to the enumeration of specimens:
Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1000 m., September 1907 (No.
2911; bush 0.4-1 m., flowers yellowish).

Fraxinus GrLffithii Clarke (p. 258). In the enumeration of specimens for No.
2775 read : 2775^.

Fraxinus Paxiana (p. 259). Add to the enumeration of specimens under West-
ern Szech'uan: Lungan Fu, alt. 2100-2700 m., August 1910 (No. 4609); without
precise locahty, alt. 2000-2100 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4087; tree 5-8
m. tall).

Remove from the enumeration of specimens Nos. 708, 4423, 2778 and 2780 and
transfer to Fra.tinus platypoda.

Fraxinus chinensis (p. 260). Add to the enumeration of specimens under west-
ern Szech'uan: northeast of Tachien-lu, Ta-pao-shan, side of streams, alt. 2200 m.,
July 2, 1908 (No. 2782); tree 12 m. tall, girth 1.3 m.); valley of Yahmg River,
alt. 2700-3000 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4088; tree 7-12 m. tall); without
precise locahty, ravines, alt. 3000 m., June 1904 (Exped. No. 4088"; tree 7 m. tall).

Fraxinus chinensis, var. rhynchophylla (p. 260). Remove from the enumeration
of specimens No. 4609 and Veitch Exped. No. 4082 which is a misprint for 4087,
and transfer both to F. Paxiana.

Fraxinus platypoda (p. 262). Add to the enumeration of specimens: Western
Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1800-2600 m. May 19 and November 1907, June
15 and October 1910 (Nos. 708, 4441 plants only, 4423). Western Szech'uan:
Wa-shan, alt. 1800 m. September 190S (No. 2780); west of Kuan ILsien, ascent
of Pan-lan-shan, alt. 2300-2600 m. June 1908 (No. 2778).

By Lingelsheim these specimens except No. 4441 are erroneously referred to
his F. Paxiana.

1 The combination C. punctata is usually credited to Wight «.t Arnott {Prodr.
Fl. Ind. 95, in adnot. [1834]), but these authors did not make the combination, they
merely state that Amyris sumatrana and punctata belong to the genus Clausena.

624 CORRECTIONS

Fraxinus platypoda is fairly common in the woods on the higher mountains of
northwestern Hupeh and also in western Szech'uan. Pictures will be found under
Nos. 358 and 083 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegeta-
tion of Weslern China No. 228.

Rosa microcarpa (p. 316). Line 9 from above last word read " early " instead
of "rarely."

Rosa Wichuraiana (p. 335). In the enumeration of synonjTns instead of Rosa
Wichuraiana, /3 fimhriata, y poteriifolia, 8 adenophora, t crataegicarpa, C yokoscensis,
read:

Rosa Luciae, fi fimhriata Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. II. 344 (1879).

Rosa Luciae, y poteriifolia Franchet & Savatier, 1. c. (1879).

Rosa Luciae, S adenophora Franchet & Savatier, 1. c. 345 (pro parte) (1879).

Rosa Luciae, e crataegicarpa Franchet & Savatier, 1. c. (1879).

Rosa Luciae, ( yokoscensis Franchet & Savatier, 1. c. (1879).

Firmiana simplex (p. 377). Insert before F. N. Meyer: W. F. Wight in Bull.
U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. PL Indust. CXLll. 67 (1909). —

to, H. HILL LmwAinr

North Carolina State College

INDEX

INDEX

Names of families and subfamilies are in small capitals; names of admitted genera, subgenera,
sections, species and varieties are in roman type; synonyms in italics.

Abies, 41.

Abies Beissneriana, 46, 621.

Abies brachyfyla, 33.

Abies chensiensis, 44.

Abies chinensis, 37.

Abies Davidiana, 39.

Abies Delavayi, 41.

Abies dumosa, var. chinensis, 36, 37.

Abies Fargesii, 48.

Abies Fargesii, 41.

Abies Fargesii, var. sutchuensis, 48.

Abies Faxoniana, 42.

Abies firma, 47.

Abies fir ma, 44, 46.

Abies Fortunei, 41.

Abies Fortuni, 40.

Abies Jezoensis, 40.

Abies Kaempferi, 21.

Abies lanceolata, 50.

Abies likiangensis, 31.

Abies Mariesii, 49.

Abies nephrolepis, 49.

Abies recurvata, 44.

Abies sacra, 39.

Abies Schrenkiana, 29.

Abies sibirica, 50.

Abies sibirica, var. nephrolepis, 49.

Abies Smithiana, 29.

Abies sp., 44.

Abies squamata, 48.

Abies sutcliuenensis, 48.

Abies thie-sha, 37.

Abies Tsuga, 37.

Abies Veitchii, 49.

Abies Veitchii, 50.

Abies yunnanensis, 36.

Abieteae, 10.

Abietia Fortunei, 41.

Abut.ilon, 373.

Abutilon sinense, 373.

Aralypha, 523.

Acalypha acmophylla, 523.

Acalypha Giraldii, 524.
Acalypha szechuanensis, 524.
Acanthochlamys, 447, 448.
Acanthopanax, 557.
Acanthopanaxf, 562.
Acanthopanax acerifolium, 565.
Acanthopanax aculeatum, 564.
Acanthopanax diversifoliiim, 556.
Acanthopanax evodiaefolius, 563.
Acanthopanax Giraldii, 560.
Acanthopanax Giraldii, var. inermis,

560.
Acanthopanax Henryi, 557.
Acanthopanax lasiogyne, 563.
Acanthopanax leucorrhizus, 557.
Acanthopanax leucorrhizus, var. ful-

vescens, 558.
Acanthopanax leucorrhizus, var.

scaberulus, 558.
Acanthopanax Rehderianus, 561.
Acanthopanax ricinifolium, 565.
Acanthopanax ricinifolius, var. magni-

ficus, 565.
Acanthopanax sepium, 564.
Acanthopanax setchuenensis, 559.
Acanthopanax Simonii, 559.
Acanthopanax spinosus, 562.
Acanthopanax spi7iosus, 562.
Acanthopanax spinosus, var. pubeS'

cens, 562.
Acanthopanax stenophyllus, 564.
Acanthopanax trifoliatus, 563.
Acanthopanax villosulus, 562.
Acanthopanax Wilsonii, 560.
Actinodaphne, 74.
Actinodaphne confertifolia, 74.
Actinodaphne cupularis, 75.
Actinodaphne reticulata, 75.
Actinidia, 378.
Actinidia arguta, 379.
Actinidia calUisa, 382.
Actinidia callosa, 382.

627

628

INDEX

Actinidia callosa, var. coriacea, 384.

Actinidia callosa, forma C, 382.

Actinidia callosa, forma D., 383.

Actinidia callosa, var. Hem-yi, 382.

Actinidia callosa, var. trichogyna, 384.

Actinidia chinensis, 385.

Actinidia coriacea, 384.

Actinidia curvidens, 382.

Actinidia kolomikta, 380.

Actinidia melanandra, 378.

Actinidia platyphylla, 381.

Actinidia polygama, 380.

Actinidia purpurea, 378.

Actinidia rufa, var. 4. parvifoUa, 378.

Actinidia sabiaefolia, 384.

Actinidia spec, 385.

Actinidia tetramera, 381.

Actinidia trichogyna, 384.

Actinidia venosa, 383.

Actinidia volubilis, 380.

Acuminatae, 462, 465.

Acuminatae, 465.

Aegle (?) sepiaria, 149.

Agyneia impubes, 518.

Agyneia pubera, 518.

Ailanthus, 153.

Ailanthus cacodendron, 153.

Ailanthus cacodendron, var. sutchu-

enensis, 153.
Ailanthus flavescens, 156.
Ailanthus glandulosa, 153, 154.
Ailanthus glandulosa, var. spinosa, 154.
Ailanthus glandulosa, var. sutchuenen-

sis, 154.
Ailanthus procera, 153.
Ailanthus sutchuenensis, 154.
Ailanthus Vilmoriniana, 154.
Alangiaceae, 552.
Alangium, 552.
Alangium begoniifolium, 552.
Alangium chinense, 552.
Alangium Faberi, 552.
Alangium platanifohum, 554.
Alangium platanifolium, var. ^ gen-

uinum, f. triangulare, 553.
Albae, 465, 485.
Albae, 483, 485.
Albizzia, 87.
Albizzia juhbrissin, 87.
Alchornea, 524.
Alchornea Davidii, 524.
Alchornea rufescens, 524.
Aleurites, 528.

Aleurites cor data, 528.

Aleurites Fordii, 528.

Aleurites verniciflua, 528.

Alnaster, 491, 503.

Alnaster, 492, 502, 503.

Alnaster fruticosus, 503.

Alnaster viridis, 503, 504.

Alnibctula, 503.

Alnobetula, 503.

Alnobetula fruticosa, 504.

Alnobetula viridis, 503.

Alnus, 488, 490, 492.

Alnus, 492.

Alnus alnobetula, 503.

Alnus alnobetula, var. fruticosa, 504,

505.
Alnus borealis, 500.
Alnus cremastogyne, 488, 490, 492.
Alnu^ crispa, 504.
Alnus cylindrostachya, 495.
Abius Fauriei, 490, 495.
Alnus firma, 491, 505.
Alnus firma, /3 hirtella, 506.
Alnus firma, subspec. hirtella, 506.
Alnus firma, var. multinervia, 507.
Alnus firma, var. multinervis, 507.
Alnus firma, var. Sieboldiana, 506.
Alnus firma, var. typica, 506.
Alnus firma, var. Yasha, 507.
Alnus formosana, 491, 501.
Alnus fruticosa, 491, 503.
Alnus fruticosa, var. mandschurica, 504.
.A^Aius fruticosa, var. mandschurica, f.

grandifolia, 504.
jiZn-us fruticosa, var. mandschurica, f.

normalis, 504.
Alnus fruticosa, var. sachalinensis, 504.
Alnus fruticosa, var. typica, 504.
AZnws fruticosa, var. typica, f. macro-

phylla, 504.
J^Znus fruticosa, var. typica, f. vulgaris,

504.
^Znws glutinosa, 496, 500.
AZnws glutinosa, var. cylindrostachya,

495.
.AZnws glutinosa, var. japonica, 496.
AZnus glutinosa, var. obtusata, 496.
Alnus Henryi, 490, 495.
ylZnus hirtella, 507.
Alnus hirsuta, 490, 496.
.4inus hirsuta, var. Cajanderi, 497.
Alnus hirsuta, var. sibirica, 498.
ili/iU5 hirsuta, var. vulgaris, 497.

INDEX

629

Alnus hirsula, var. vulgaris, f. macro-

phylla, 497.
Alnus hirsuta, var. vulgaris, f. typica,

497.
Almis incana, var. emarginata, 500.
Alnus incana, var. glauca, 498.
Alnus incana, ^ hirsuta, 496.
Alnus incana, var. hirsuta, 497.
.AZrms incana, var. sibirica, 498.
.AZrms incana, var. tinctoria, 498.
Alnus japonica, 490, 493.
Alnus japonica, 501.
Alnus japonica, var. arguta, 494.
Alnus japonica, \as. formosana, 501.
Alnus japonica, var. genuina, 493.
Alnus japonica, var. koreana, 494.
.4Znus japonica, var. latifolia, 493.
Alnus japonica, var. minor, 494.
Afnws japonica, var. reginosa (an resin-

osa ?), 493.
Alnus lanata, 488, 490, 492.
Alnus maritima, 501.
Alnus maritima, var. arguta, 494.
Ainws maritima, var. formosana, 495,

501.
Alnus maritima, var. japonica, 493,

494, 501.
Alnus maritima, var. obtusata, 496.
Alnus Matsumurae, 490, 500.
Alnus Maximowiczii, 491, 505.
Alnus Mayrii, 494.
Alnus multinervis, 508.
.AZnus multinervis, var. nikkoensis,

508.
.AZnus multinervis, var. typica, 508.
.Ainus nana, 480.
Alnus napalensis, 502.
Alnus nepalensis, 491, 502.
Alnus nitida, 491, 501.
.AZnus obtusa, 496.
Alnus ovata, 503.
Alnus paniculata, 495.
Alnus pendula, 491.
Alnus pendula, 507.
Alnus Schneideri, 495.
Alnus serrulatoides, 490, 496.
Alnus sibirica, 498.
Alnus sibirica, var. hirsuta, 497.
Alnus sibirica, var. oxyloba, 498.
Alnus sibirica, var. paucinervia, 499.
.Ainus sibirica, var. tinctoria, 499.
^1^71 us sibirica, var. typica, 498.
ilinu5 Sieboldiana, 506.

Alnus sinuata, var. kamtschatica, 491,

504.
^Znus sitchensis, var. kamtschatica, 505.
^Znus sp., 501.
.AZnus tinctoria, 497, 498.
.4/nMS tinctoria, var. mandschurica, 498.
YlZniis tinctoria, var. obtusiloba, 498.
Alnus tinctoria, var. typica, 498.
Alnus viridis, 503.
.AZn/us viridis, var. julacea, 504.
.AZnus viridis, var. sibirica, 504, 505.
.AZnus Yasha, 506.
.AZntts yasha, var. macrocarpa, 507.
Ahius yasha, var. typica, 507.
Alseodaphne, 70.
Alseodaphne omeiensis, 70.
Althea frutex, 374.
^rnpacMS trichotoma, 132.
Amyris punctata, 623.
Amyris, suffruticosa, 140.
Anacardiaceae, 172.
Andrachne, 516.
Andrachne capillipes, 516.
Andrachne capillipes, var. pubescens,

516.
Andrachne cordifolia, 516.
Andrachne hirsuta, 516.
Andrachne montana, 517.
Andrachne trifoliata, 521.
Anthyllis cuneata, 105.
Antidesma, 522.
Antidesma deUcatuIum, 522.
Apios, 117.
Apios Fortunei, 117.
Apocynaceae, 538.
Araha, 566.
Aralia canescens, 567.
Aralia chinensis, 566.
Aralia chinensis, var. canescens, 567.
Araha chinensis, var. glabrescens, 567.
Aralia Decaisneana, 566.
Aralia elata, 567.
Aralia japonica, 566.
^raim mandshurica, 566.
Aralia pentaphylla, 562.
Aralia Planchoniana, 566.
ylrah'a spinosa, 566.
Arabia spinosa, |3 caiiescens, 506.
Ara/za spinosa, var. Chinensis, 566,
Aralia spi7iosa, var. e/a/a, 567.
Aralia spi7u>sa, var. glabrescens, 567.
-4raZia trifoliata, 564.
Araha Wilsonii, 567.

630

INDEX

Araliaceae, 555.

Aran car ia lanceolata, 51.

Ardisia, 581.

Ardisia crenata, 582.

Ardisia crenulala, 582.

Ardisia crispa, 581.

Ardisia densa, 582.

Ardisia elegans, 582.

Ardisia glabra, 583.

Ardisia glandulosa, 582.

Ardisia Henryi, 582.

Ardisia hortorum, 582.

Ardisia japonica, 582.

Ardisia japonica, /3 montana, 583.

Ardisia lentiginosa, 582.

Ardisia montana, 583.

Ardisia nana, 582.

Ardisia odontophylla, 583.

Ardisia polysticta, 582.

Ardisia undulala, 582.

Ario alnifolia, 270.

Aria japonica, 275.

Ana tiliaefolia, 270.

Arundinaria, 63.

Arundinaria dumetosa, 63.

Arundinaria sp., 64.

Arundinaria szechuanensis, 64.

Ascyron sihiricum, 402.

Aspalanthus cuneata, 105.

Asperae, 463, 475.

Asperae, 475.

Aubletia ramosissima, 210.

Aucuba, 572.

Aucuba chinensis, 572.

Aucuba chinensis, f. angustifolia, 573.

Aucuba chinensis, f. obcordata, 572.

Aucuba japonica, 572.

Aucuba japonica, var. longifolia, 572.

Augia sinensis, 183.

Aurnniium acre, 147.

Auranlium decumana, 144.

Aurantium sinense, 148.

Avellana, 447, 448.

Axillares, 355.

Azedarach sempervirens, 158.

Bambusa, 65.
Bambusa Beecheyana, 65.
Bambusa puberula, 65.
Bambusa sp., 65.
Bambusa verticillata, 65.
Bambuseae, 63.
Banksianae, 333, 337.

Bauhinia, 88.

Bauhinia densiflora, 88.

Bauhinia Faberi, 88.

Bauhinia Faberi, var. microphylla, 89.

Bauhinia hupehana, 89.

Bauhinia hupehana, var. grandis, 90.

Bauhinia yunnanensis, 89.

Belis jaculifolia, 50.

Belis lanceolata, 51.

Benthamia fragifera, 578.

Benthamia japonica, 578.

Benzoin glaucum, 80.

Benzoin membranaceum, 81.

Benzoin obtusilobum, 85.

Benzoin pulcherrimum, 85.

Benzoin strychnifolium, 82.

Benzoin Thunbergii, 81.

Berchemia, 213, 222.

Berchemia affinis, 218.

Berchemia alnifolia, 218.

Berchemia annamensis, 218, 220.

Berchemia Cavaleriei, 228.

Berchemia Chaneti, 228.

Berchemia cinerascens, 218, 219.

Berchemia Edgeworthii, 218.

Berchemia Elmeri, 219, 220.

Berchemia flavescens, 218, 219.

Berchemia floribunda, 213, 218, 219.

Berchemia floribunda, var, megalo-
phylla, 213.

Berchemia formosana, 219, 220.

Berchemia Giraldiana. 213, 218, 219.

Berchemia hypochrysa, 214, 218, 219.

Berchemia kuhngensis, 216, 219, 220.

Berchemia hneata, 219, 220.

Berchemia pauciflora, 218.

Berchemia phiHppinensis, 219, 221.

Berchemia polyphylla, 219, 221.

Berchemia pubiflora, 218.

Berchemia pycnantha, 215, 219, 220.

Berchemia racemosa, 218, 219.

Berchemia sessihflora, 218.

Berchemia sinica, 215, 218, 219.

Berchemia trichantha, 218.

Berchemia yunnanensis, 216, 219, 220.

Berchemia yunnanensis, var. tricho-
clada, 217.

Betula, 455.

Betida acuminata, 455, 467.

Betula acuminata, y arguta, 467.

Betula acuminata, var. cylindrostachya,
466.

Betula acuminata, a glabra, 467.

INDEX

631

Betula acuminata, t lancifolia, 467.

Betula acuminata, ^ pilosa, 467.

Betula acuminata, var. pyrifolia, 455.

Betula affinis, 467.

Betula alba, 477, 485.

Betula alba, var. communis, 469, 471.

Betula alba, var, glutinosa, lusus lati-

folia, 473.
Betula alba, var. japonica, 486.
Betula alba, subspec. ialifolia, var.

kamtschatica, 487.
Betula alba, subspec. latifoUa, var.

Tauschii, 486.
Betula alba, subspec. mandshurica, 461.
Betula alba, var. mandshurica, 486.
Betula alba, var. Tauschii, 486.
Betula alba, var. iypica, 485.
Betula alba, var. verrucosa, 485.
Betula alba, subspec. verrucosa, var.

resinifera, 486.
Betula alba, subspec. verrucosa, var.

sterilis, 486.
Betula alba, subspec. verrucosa, var.

vulgaris, 486.
Betula alba, var. vulgaris, 461, 485,

487.
Betula albo-sinensis, 457, 463, 475.
Betula albo-sinensis, var. septen-

trionalis, 458, 475.
Betula alnobetula, 503.
Betula alnoides, 462, 467.
Betula alnoides, 455, 466.
Betula alnoides, var. acuminata, 467.
Betula alnoides, var. cylindrostachya,

466.
Betula alnoides, var. pyrifolia, 455.
Betula Alnus, 506.
Betula Baeumkeri, 462, 468.
Betula Bhojpaltra, 474.
Betula Bhojpaltra, var. genuina, 474.
Betula Bhojpaltra, var. glandulifera,

473.
Betula Bhojpaltra, var. Jacqucmontii,

473.
Betula Bhojpaltra, var. subcordata, 471.
.Be/w/a Bhojpattra, 474.
Betula Bhojpattra, var. glandulifera,

473.
Betula Bhojpattra, var. Jacqucmontii,

473, 475.
Betula Bhojpattra, var. japonica, 471.
Betula Bhojpaltra var. latifolia, 474.
Betula Bhojpattra, var. sinensis, 457.

Betula Bhojpaltra, var. subcordata,

471.
Betula Bhojpaltra, var. Iypica, 469,

474, 475.
Betula Boshia, 502.
Betula candelae, 466.
Betula carpinifolia, 477.
Betula chinensis, 464, 479.
Betula chinensis, var. angusticarpa, 480.
Betula chinensis, var. Delavayi, 459,

460.
Betula corjdifolia, 463, 476.
Betula costata, 463, 476.
Betula cylindrostachya, 462, 466.
Betula cylindrostachya, 466.
Betula cylindrostachys, 455, 467.
Betula cylindrostachys, /S pilosa, 467.
Betula cylindrostachys, var. resinosa,

455.
Betula cylindrostachys, y subglabra, 467.
Betula cylindrostachys, var. typica, 466.
Betula dahurica, 475.
Betula dahurica, var. Maximovncziana,

484.
Betula davurica, 465, 483.
Betula Delavayi, 460, 464, 479.
Betula Delavayi, var. calcicola, 479.
Betula Delavayi, var. Forrestii, 479.
Betula Ermani, 472.
Betula Ermani, var. acutifolia, 470.
Betxda Ermani, var. communis, 470,

471.
Betula Ermani, var. costata, 477.
Betula Ermani, var. genuina, 471.
Betula Ermani, var. incisa, 471.
Betula Ermani, war, japonica, 471.
Betula Ermani, var. nipponica, 471.
Hiiula Ermani, var. parvifolia, 470.
Betula Ermani, \q,t. sachalinensis, 470.
Betula Ermani, var. subcordata, f. 7iip-

ponica, 471.
Betula Ermani, var. tomentosa, 472.
Betula Ermani, var. typica, 470.
Betula P^nnanii, 462, 468.
BetuLa Ernianii, var. genuina, 470.
Betula Ermanii, var. genuina, subvar.

brevidentata, 47 1 .
Betula Ermanii, var. genuina, subvar.

Saitoana, 470.
Betula Ermanii, var. lanata, 472.
Betula Ermanii, var. subcordata, 471.
Betula exalata, 480.
Betula Fargesii, 478.

632

INDEX

Betula fruticosa, 464, 482.

Betula fruticosa, 482.

Betula fruticosa, var. Ruprechtiana, 482.

Betula glandulosa, 481.

Betula glandulosa, var. roiundifolia,

481.
Betula glandulosa, var. sibirica, 464,

481.
Betula globispica, 463, 479.
Betula Gmelini, 482.
Betula grossa, 463, 477.
Betula harinoki, 506.
Betula humilis, 464, 482.
Betula humilis, var. commutata, 482.
Betula humilis, var. genuina, 482.
Betula humilis, var. kamtschatica, 481.
Betula y humilior palustris, 482.
Betula humilis, var. Ruprechtii, 483.
Betula hupehensis, 455
Betula insignis, 459, 464, 478.
Betula Jacquemontii, 462, 473.
Betula japonica, 465, 485.
Betula japonica, 485.
Betula japonica, var. kamtschatica,

486.
Betula japonica, var. mandshurica,

461, 488.
Betula japonica, var. pluricostata, 486.
Betula japonica, var. resinifera, 487.
Betula japonica, var. Tauschii, 486.
Betula latifolia, 486.
Betula lenta, var. carpinifolia, 477.
Betula lenta, var. grossa, 477.
Betula leptostachya, 502.
Betula luminifera, 455, 462, 468.
Betula Maackii, 484.
Betula mandshurica, 461-486.
Betula Maximowicziana, 462, 465.
Betula Maximowiczii, 465, 484.
Betula Middendorffii, 465, 481.
Betula nana, 464, 480.
Betula nana, 481.
Betula nana, var. genuina, 480.
Betula nana, var. sibirica, 481.
Betula nitida, 467.
Betula nitida, var. affmis, 467.
Betula ovalifolia, 482.
Betula ovata, 503.
Betula palustris, var. 482.
Betula palustris Gmelini, 482.
Betula pendula, var. japonica, 486.
Betula pendula, var. japonica, f . micro-

donta, 486.

Betula pendula, var. japonica, f . typica,

487.
Betula pendula, var. Tauschii, 486.
Betula Potaninii, 459, 464, 479.
Betula punctata, 475.
Betula reticulata, 482.
Betula Rosae, 484.
Betula rotundifolia, 481.
Betxda Saitoana, 470.
Betula Schmidtii, 463, 475.
Betula uhnifolia, 469, 477.
Betula uhnifolia, var. costata, 477.
Betula ulmifolia, var. S glandulosa, 469.
Betula ulmifolia, var. sericea, 477.
Betula uhnifolia, var. typica, 469.
Betula utilis, 463, 474.
fieiwZa wiiKs, 457, 458.
Betula utilis, var. Jacquemontii, 473.
Betula utilis, var. Prattii, 457, 475.
Betula utilis, var. sinensis, 458.
Betula verrucosa, var. japonica, 486.
Betula viridis, 503.
Betula Vulcani, 471.
Betula Wilsoniana, 455.
Betula Wilsonii, 460.
Betula wutaica, 484.
Betulaceae, 423.
Betulaster, 465.
Betulaster acuminaia, 467.
Betulaster affinis, 467.
Betulaster nitida, 467.
£?'oto orientalis, 53.
Bischofia, 521.
Bischofia javanica, 521.
Bischofia ohlongifolia, 521.
Bischofia trifoliata, 521.
Bladhia crispa, 582.
Bladhia glabra, 583.
Bladhia japonica, 583.
Bobua atroviridis, 595.
Bobua laurina, 594.
Bobua oligostachya, 595.
Boymia rutaecarpa, 132.
Bracteatae, 333, 337.
Bradleia sinica, 518.
Brassaiopsis, 556.
Brassaiopsis fatsioides, 556.
Brassaiopsis ricinifolia, 565.
Bumalda tri folia, 185.
Bumalda trifoliata, 185.

BURSERACEAE, 155.
BUXACEAE, 163.

Buxus, 165.

INDEX

633

Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus

169.
Buxus

168.
Buxus

167,
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus

165.
Buxus
Buxus
Buxus

168.
Buxus

165.
Buxus
Buxus

arhorcscens, 168.

balearica, 167, 168.

cephalantha, 166.

dioeca, 581.

Harlandii, 166, 167, 169.

Henryi, 167, 168.

japonica, 168.

japonica, /3 microphylla, 165.

liukiuensis, 167, 168.

longifolia, 167, 168.

longi folia, 168.

microphylla, 165, 167, 168.

microphylla, 166.

microphylla, var. aemulans, 167,

microphylla, var. japonica, 167,

microphylla, var. sinica, 165,

169.

papillosa, 167, 168.
sempervirens, 167, 168.
sempervirens, 165, 166, 168, 169.
sempervirens, a angustifolia,

sempervirens, var. gigantea, 168.
sempervirens, var. japonica, 169.
sempervirens, var. liukiuensis,

sempervirens, /3 microphylla,

stenophylla, 167, 169.
Wallichiana, 167, 168.

Caesalpinia, 92.

Caesalpinia sepiaria, 92.

Caesalpinia szechuenensis, 92.

CameUia, 393.

Camellia axillaris, 395.

Camellia Bohea, 391.

Camellia cuspidaia, 390.

Camellia fraterna, 390.

Camellia Grijsii, 394.

Camellia oleifera, 393.

Camellia sasanquxi, 393.

Camellia Sasanqua, var. oleifera, 393.

Camellia Sasanqua, var. oleosa, 393.

Camellia f Scottiana, 391.

Camellia Thea, 391.

Camellia theifera, 391.

Camellia viridis, 391.

Camphora inuncta, 69.

Camphora officinalis, 68.

Camphora ojjicinarum, 68.

Camptotheca, 254.
Camptotheca acuminata, 254.
Camptotheca yunnanensis, 254.
Campylotropis, 113,
Campylotropis chinensis, 113.
Campylotrofns chinensis, 113.
Campylotropis diversifolia, 115.
Campylotropis hirtella, 115.
Campylotropis latifoha, 115.
Campylotropis macrocarpa, 113.
Campylotropis Muchleana, 114.
Campylotropis parviflora, 115.
Campylotropis polyantha, 114.
Campylotropis Prainii, 115.
Campylotropis Sargontiana, 113.
Campylotropis trigonoclada, 114.
Campylotropis virgata, 112.
Campylotropis Wilsonii, 114.
Campylotropis yunnanensis, 114.
Canarium, 155.
Canarium album, 155.
Caprifoliaceae, 617.
Capura purpurata, 534.
Caragana, 102.
Caragana bicolor, 102.
Caragana Boisii, 102.
Caragana chamlagu, 102.
Caragana erinacea, 622.
Caragana jubata, 103.
Caragana Maximowicziana, 103, 622.
Caragana Maximowicziana, 622.
Carpinus, 425.
Carpinus Carpinus, 433.
Carpinus carpinoides, 433.
Carpinus carpinoides, var. cordifolia,

433.
Carpinus cordata, 425, 431, 434.
Carpinus cordata, 425.
Carpinus cordata, var. chinensis, 437.
Carpinus cordata, f. chinensis, 435.
Carpinus Davidii, 426.
Carpinus Distegocarpus, 434.
Carpinus erosa, 435.
Carpinus faginea, 433, 442.
Carpinus faginea, 430.
Carpinus Fargesiana, 428, 432, 441.
Carpinus Fargesii, 426.
Carpinus Fauriei, 433, 442.
Cai-pinus Henryana, 429, 432, 442.
Carpinus heterophylla, var. sulchuensis,

445.
Carpinus japonica, 431, 433.
Carpinus japonica, var. caudata, 434.

634

INDEX

Carpinus japonica, var. cordifolia, 433.
Carpinus japonica, var. pleioneura, 434.
Carpinus Kawakamii, 429.
Carpinus laxiflora, 432, 438.
Carpinus laxiflora, 426, 441.
Carpinus laxiflora, var. chartacea,

438.
Carpinus laxiflora, var. Davidii, 426,

439.
Carpinus laxiflora, var. Fargesii, 426.
Carpinus laxiflora, var. macrostachya,

425, 439.
Carpinus Londoniana, 432, 438.
Carpinus minutiserrata, 442.
Carpinus Paxii, 440.
Carpinus pinfaensis, 430.
Carpinus polyneura, 430, 433, 443.
Carpinus polyneura, 427, 429.
Carpinus polyneura, var. Wilsoniana,

443.
Carpinus pubescens, 432, 442.
Carpinus pubescens, 430.
Carpinus Seemeniana, 430, 432, 442.
Carpinus stipulata, 440.
Carpinus Tanakaeana, 432, 440.
Carpinus Tschonoskii, 432, 441.
Carpinus Tschonoskii, var. Henryana,

429.
Carpinus Tschonoskii, var. subintegra,

442.
Carpinus Turczaninovii, 432, 439.
Carpinus Turczaninovii, var. firmi-

folia, 440.
Carpinus Turczaninovii, var. ovali-

folia, 427, 440.
Carpinus Turczaninovii, var. 432.
Carpinus Turczaninowii, 427.
Carpiyius Turczaninowii, var. Makinoi,

440.
Carpinus Turczaninowii, var. poly-
neura, 430.
Carpinus Turczaninowii, var. stipulata,

440.
Carpinus viminea, 432, 437.
Carpinus yedoensis, 428, 441.
Carpinus yedoensis, var. Jablonszkyi,

441.
Carpinus yedoensis, var. serratiauricu-

lata, 441.
Caryotaxus grandis, 7.
Casicta, 29.
Cassia, 90.
Cassia Leschenaultiana, 90.

Catha Benthamii, 358.

Catha monosperma, 357.

Ceanothus napalensis, 245.

Ceanothus paniculatus, 355.

Ceanothus triquetra, 246.

Cedrela, 156.

Cedrela chinensis, 156.

Cedrela microcarpa, 157.

Cedrela sinensis, 156.

Celastraceae, 346.

Celastrus, 346.

Celastrus alatus, 358.

Celastrus alnifolia, 355.

Celastrus angulata, 346, 353, 355.

Celastrus articulata, 354, 356.

Celastrus articulata, var. cuneata, 350

356.
Celastrus articulata, var. punctata,

356.
Celastrus articulatu^, 350.
Celastrus articulatus, var. ^, 356.
Celastrus articxdatus, var. humilis, 356.
Celastrus Benthamii, 358, 554.
Celastrus Bodinieri, 358.
Celastrus cantonensis, 354, 357.
Celastrus Cavaleriei, 358.
Celastrus Championii, 358.
Celastrus ciliidens, 357.
Celastrus clemacanthus, 357.
Celastrus crispula, 356.
Celastrus dependens, 353, 355.
Celastrus diversifolia, 358.
Celastrus emarginata, 358.
Celastrus Esquiroliana, 354, 357.
Celastrus Esquirolii, 358.
Celastrus euonymoidea, 358, 371.
Celastrus Feddei, 358.
Celastrus flagellaris, 354, 357.
Celastrus Franchetiana, 354, 355.
Celastrus gemmata, 352, 354, 356.
Celastrus glaucophylla, 347, 354, 355.
Celastrus Hindsii, 354, 357.
Celastrus Hindsii, var. Henryi, 353,

357.
Celastrus Hookeri, 352, 354, 356.
Celastrus hypoglau^us, 346.
Celastrus hypoleuca, 346, 354, 355.
Celastrus hypoleucus, forma ^ argu-

tior, 346.
Celastrus hypoleucus, forma a genuina,

346.
Celastrus japonica, 136.
Celastrus kiusianus, 356.

635

Celasirus Kouytchensis, 358.
Celastrus Kusanoi, 354, 356.
Celastrus latif alius, 346.
Celastrus Loeseneri, 350, 354, 356.
Celastrus Lyi, 358.
Celastrus Mairei, 358.
Celastrus Metziana, 355.
Celastrus monospcrma, 354, 357.
Celastrus monospermus, 357.
Celastrus multijlorus, 355.
Celastrus n. sp., 356.
Celastrus nutans, 355.
Celastrus orbiculata, 350.
Celastrus orbiculalus, 356.
Celastrus orbiculalus, var. pundatus,

358.
Celastrus Orixa, 136.
Celastrus paniculata, 353, 355.
Celastrus paniculata, 355.
Celastrus punctatus, 356.
Celastrus racemulosa, 355.
Celastrus Rosthorniana, 351, 354, 356.
Celastrus Rothiana, 355.
Celastrus rugosa, 349, 354, 356.
Celastrus salicifolia, 358.
Celastrus Seguinii, 358.
Celastrus spiciformis, 348, 354, 356.
Celastrus spiciformis, var. laevis, 349,

356.
Celastrus striatus, 356, 358.
Celastrus slylosa, 352.
Celastrus suaveolens, 358.
Celastrus Tatarinowii, 356.
Celastrus tristis, 358.
Celastrus variabilis, 358, 359.
Celastrus Wallichiana, 358.
Cephalotaxus, 3.
Cephalotaxus argotaenia, 6.
Cephalotaxus coriacea, 3.
Cephalotaxus drupacea, 3.
Cephalotaxus drupacea, 5.
Cephalotaxus drupacea, var. sinensis,

3.
Cephalotaxus drupacea, var. sinensis,

f. globosa, 4.
Cephalotaxus filiformis, 5.
Cephalotaxus focmina, 3.
Cephalotaxus Fortunei, 4.
Cephalotaxus Fortunei, var. concolor,

6.
Cephalotaxus Fortunei foemina, 3.
Cephalotaxus Gri£ithii, 5, 6.
Cephalotaxus Harringtonia, 4.

Cephalotaxus Mannii, 5.

Cephalotaxus Olivcri, 6.

Cephalotaxus pedunculata, var.
sphaeralis, 4.

Cephalotaxus umbraculifera, 8.

Ceratostigma, 586.

Ceratostigma Griffithii, 586.

Ceratostigma Griffithii, 586.

Ceratostigma minus, 586.

Ceratostigma Polhilli, 586.

Ceratostigma Willmottianum, 586.

Cercis, 87.

Cercis chinensis, 87.

Cercis glabra, 88.

Cercis racemosa, 88.

Chaenomeles, 296.

Chaenomeles alpina, 298.

Chaenomeles angustifolia, 297.

Chaenomeles cathayensis, 297.

Chaenomeles eugenioides, 297.

Chaenomeles japonica, 298.

Chaenomeles japonica, 296.

Chaenomeles japonica, alpina, 298.

Chaenomeles japonica, genuina, 296.

Chaenomeles japonica, var. Maulei,
298.

Chaenomeles japonica, y pygmaea, 298.

Chaenomeles lagenaria, 296.

Chaenomeles lagenaria, var. catha-
yensis, 297.

Chaenomeles lagenaria, var. Wilsonii,
298.

Chaenomeles Maulei, 299.

Chaenomeles Maulei, var. alpina, 299.

Chaenomeles sinensis, 299.

Chamacbetula nana, 480.

Chamacbetula rotundifolia, 481.

Chamaebuxus arillata, 160.

Chamaebuxus paniculata, 160.

Chaydaia, 221, 222.

Chaydaia tonkinensis, 221.

Cluiydaia Wilsonii, 221.

Chinenses, 464, 479.

Chinenses, 479.

Chionanthus, 611.

Chionanthus chinensis, 611.

Chionanthus Duclouxii, 611.

Chionanthus retusus, 611.

Cicca jlexuosa, 519.

Cicca Lcucopyrus, 520.

Cinnamomeae, 333, 339.

Cinnamomum, 66.

Cinnamomum argenteum, 67.

636

INDEX

Cinnamomum Camphora, 68.
Cinnamornum glanduliferum , 621.
Cinnamomum hupehanum, 69, 621.
Cinnamomum inunctum, 68.
Cinnamomum inunctum, var. alboseri-

ceum, 69.
Cinnamomum inunctum, var. longe-

paniculatum, 69.
Cinnamomum pedunculatum, 70.
Cinnamomum Wilsonii, 66.
Cinnamomum Wilsonii, var. multi-

florum, 67.
Cipadessa, 159.
Cipadossa baccifera, 159.
Cipadessa baccifera, var. sinensis, 159.
Cipadessa fruticosa, 159.
Cipadessa? subscandens, 159.
Citrus, 141.
Citrus amara, 147.
Citrus aurantifolia, 149.
Citrus Aurantium, 147.
Citrus Aurantium, 148.
Citrus Aurantium, var. amara, 147.
Citrus Aurantium, var. Bigaradia, 147.
Citrus Aurantium, y decumana, 144.
Citrus Aurantium dulce, 148.
Citrus Aurantium, y grandis, 144.
Citrus Aurantium, ^ sinensis, 148.
Citrus Aurantium vulgar e, 148.
Citrus Bigaradia, 147.
Citrus Bigarradia, 147.
Citrus cedra, 141.
Citrus Cedratum, 141.
Citrus cedratus, 141.
Citrus communis, 146, 147.
Citrus crassa, 141.
Citrus daidai, 147.
Citrus decumana, 144.
Citrus deliciosa, 143.
Citrus Florida, 147.
Citrus Fragrans, 141.
Citrus fusca, 147.
Citrus fusiformis, 146.
Citrus grandis, 144.
Citrus granulata, 146.
Citrus ichangensis, 144.
Citrus ichangensis latipes, 146.
Citrus Kama, 147.
Citrus Lima, 146.
Citrus Limon, 146.
Citrus limon, 146.
Citrus Limonia, 146.
Citrus Limonium, 146.

Citrus limonum, 146.

Citrus Limonum sylvaticum, 146.

Citrus madurensis, 143.

Citrus Medica, 141.

Citrus Medica, 147.

Citrus medica, 146.

Citriis medica, subsp. genuina, var.
Chhangura, 141.

Citrus Medica, /Q Limon, 146.

Citrus medica, var. Limonum, 146.

Citrus Medica, var. sarcodactylis, 141.

Citrus nobilis, 142.

Citrus nobilis, 143.

Citrus nobilis, var. deliciosa, 143.

Citrus nobilis, subsp. genuina, 143.

Citrus nobilis, a major, 143.

Citrus Odorata, 141.

Citrus Pamplemos, 144.

Citrus reticulata, 143.

Citrus sarcodactylis, 141.

Citrus sinensis, 148.

Citrus trifolia, 149.

Citrus trifoliata, 149.

Citrus triptera, 149.

Citrus Tuber osa, 141.

Citrus vulgaris, 147.

Cladrastis, 97.

Cladrastis sinensis, 97.

Cladrastis Wilsonii, 97.

Claucena Lansium, 623.

Clausena, 140.

Clausena excavata, 623.

Clausena punctata, 140, 623.

Claxisena punctata, 623.

Clausena suffruticosa, 140.

Clausena Wampi, 140.

Clematoclethra, 386.

Clematoclethra actinidioides, 386.

Clematoclethra Faberi, 387.

Clematoclethra Franchetii, 388.

Clematoclethra Giraldii, 381.

Clematoclethra grandis, 386.

Clematoclethra Hemsleyana, 387.

Clematoclethra Hemsleyi, 389.

Clematoclethra Hemsleyi, 378.

Clematoclethra Henryi, 389.

Clematoclethra integrifoUa, 386.

Clematoclethra lanosa, 388.

Clematoclethra lasioclada, 386.

Clematoclethra lasioclada, var. gran-
dis, 386.

Clematoclethra Maximounczii, 387.

Clematoclethra Prattii, 386.

INDEX

637

Clematocletlira scandens, 387.
Clematoclethra tiliacea, 3S9.
Clematoclethra tomentella, 389.
Clethra, 492.

Clcthra (§ Clematoclethra) sp.?, 387.
Clethra scandens, 387.
Clethropsis, 491, 501.
Clethropsis, 501.
Clethropsis nepalensis, 502.
Clethropsis nitida, 501.
Cleyera duhia, 397.
Cleyera fragrans, 397.
Cleyera gymnanlhera, 397.
Cleyera japonica, 397, 399.
Cleyera Mertensiana, 400.
Cleyera ochnacea, 400.
Cleyera ochnoides, 400.
Cleijera Wallichiana, 400.
C?e?/em Wightii, 397.
Colurnae, 447, 449.
Connarus ? juglandifolius, 183.
Cookia punctata, 140.
Cookia Wampi, 140.
Corchorus japonicus, 301.
Coriaria, 170.
Coriaria nepalensis, 170.
Coriaria sinica, 170.
Coriaria terminalis, 170.
Coriaria terminalis, 171.
Coriaria terminalis, var. xanthocarpa,
171.

COKIARIACEAE, 170.

Cormus Tschonoskii, 295.
Cormus ijunnanensis, 287.

CORNACEAE, 569.

Cornus, 573.

Cornus alba, 575.

Cornus aspera, 579.

Cornus brachypoda, 573, 575.

Cornus Bretschneidcri, 579.

Cornus capitata, 578.

Cornus capitata, var. mollis, 579.

Cornus chinensis, 577.

Cornus controversa, 573.

Cornus corynoslylis, 575.

Cornus crispula, 575.

Cornus glauca, 573, 575.

Cornus Hemsleyi, 574.

Cornus Henryi, 576.

Cornus ignorata, 575.

Cornus japonica, 578.

Cornus kousa, 577.

Cornus Kousa, 578.

Cornus macrophylla, 575.

Cornus macrophylla, 573.

Cornus oblonga, 579.

Cornus officinalis, 577.

Cornus paucinervis, 576.

Cornus poliophylla, 574.

Cornus quinquenervis, 577.

Cornus Religiana, 575.

Cornus sanguinea, 575.

Cornus Theleryana, 575.

Cornus Thelicanis, 575.

Cornus Thelycrania, 575.

Cornus ulotricha, 574.

Cornus Walteri, 576.

Cornus Wilsoniana, 579.

Corylifoliae, 463, 476.

Corylopsis alnifolia, 218.

Corylus, 443.

Corylus Avellana, 450.

Corylus Avellana, var. davurica, 450.

Corylus chinensis, 444, 447, 450.

Corylus Colurna, 447, 449.

Corylus Colurna, 449.

Corylus Colurna, var. chinensis, 444.

Corylus Colurna, var. Jacquemontii,

449.
Corylus Colurna, var. lacera, 449.
Corylus Davidiana, 423.
Corylus Fargesii, 444.
Corylus ferox, 447, 448.
Corylus ferox, var. thibetica, 443.
Corylus hallaisanensis, 447, 451.
Corylus Hasibami, 450.
Corylus heterophylla, 447, 450.
Conjlus heterophylla, 445, 452.
Corylus heterophylla, var. Crista-galli,

445.
Corylus heterophylla, var. Sieboldiann,

452.
Corylus heterophylla, var. sutchuenen-

sis, 445. 451.
Corylus heterophylla, var. Thunbergii,

450.
Corylus heterophylla, var. yunnanen-

sis, 451.
Corylus Jacquemontii, 447, 449.
Conjlus lacera, 449.
Corylus mandshurica, 454.
Corylus mandshurica, var. Fargesii,

444.
Corylus mongolica, 450.
Corylus rostrata, 452.
Corylus rostrata, var. Fargesii, 444.

638

INDEX

Corylus rostmta, var. mandshurica,

454.
Corylus rostrata, var. mitis, 453.
Corylus rostrata, var. Sieboldiana, 452.
Corylus Siboldiana, 452.
Corylus Sieboldiana, 448, 452.
Corylus Sieboldiana, 454.
Corylus Sieboldiana, var. brevirostris,

453.
Corvlus Sieboldiana, var.. mandshurica,

454.
Corylus Sieboldiana, var. mitis, 453.
Corylus ieiraphylla, 450.
Corylus tibetica, 443, 447, 448.
Costatae, 462, 468.
Costatae, 468.
Cotinus, 175.
Cotinus Coccygea, 175.
Cotinus coggygria, 175.
Cotinus coggygria, var. cinerea,. 176.
Cotinus coggygria, a. laevis, 175.
Cotinus coggygi-ia, var. pubescens,

175.
Crantzia asiatica, 138.
Grantzia nitida, 138.
Crataegus alnijolia, 270, 294t.
Cremastogjme, 490,. 492.
Crem,astogyne, 492.
Croton, 523.
Croton chinensiSf 525.
Croton caccineus, 526.
Croton montanum, 526.
Croton pundatus, 526.
Croton philippense, 526..
Croton sebiferum, 527.
Croton Siraki, 527.
Croton Tiglium, 523.
Cryptomeria, 52.
Cryptomeria Fortunei, 52.
Cryptomeria japonica, 52.
Cunninghamia, 50.
Cunninghamia lanceolata, 50.
Cunninghamia sinensis, 50.
Cupania canescens ?, 193.

CUPRESSEAE, 53.

Cupressua, 54.
Cupressus Corneyana, 54.
Cupressus funebris, 55.
Cupressus funebris gracilis, 55.
Cupressus japonica, 52.
Cupressus majestica, 54.
Cupressus nepalensis, 60»
Cupressus pendula, 55

Cupressus sempervirens, 55.
Cupressus Thuia, 53.
Cupressus torulosa, 54.
Cupressus torulosa Corneyana, 54.
Cupressus torulosa majestica, 54.
Cupressus torulosa Tovjrnefortii, 54.
Cupressus Tourneforliana, 54.
Cupressus Tournefortii, 54.
Cydonia cath.iyensis., 297.
Cydonia japonica, 296, 298.
Cydonia japonica, var. genuina, 296.
Cydonia japonica, var. lagenaria, 296^
Cydonia lagenaria, 296.
Cydonia Mallardii, 298.
Cydonia Maulei, 298.
Cydonia Maulei, var. alpina, 299--
Cydonia Sargenti, 299.
Cydonia sinemtis, 299.
Cydonia speciosa, 296.
Cydonia vulgaris, 299.

Dactylus trapezuntinus, 587.
Dahuriae, 483.
Dahuricae, 465, 483.
Dahuricae, 483.
Dalbergia, 115.
Dalbergia Dyeriana, 115.
Dalbergia hupeana, 115.
Dalbergia spec, 116.
Dalbergia stenophylla, 116.
Daphne, 538.

Daphne acutiloba, 539, 544, 54T-
Daphne angustiloba, 544, 547.
Daphne aui-an.tiaca, 544, 547.
Daphne Bodinieri, 538.
Daphne cana, 536.
Daphne canescens, 536.
Daphne cannabina, 534, 546.
Daphne Championii, 543, 544,
Daphne chinensis, 546.
Daphne Feddei, 544, 547.
Daphne Fortunei, 539, 544.
Daphne gemmata, 543, 544, 548v
Daphne genkwa, 538, 543, 544.
Daphne Genkwa, var. Fortunei, 533.
Daphne Giraldii, 543, 545.
Daphne gracilis, 544, 548.
Daphne inamoena, 536.
Daphne indica, 534, 546.
Daphne involucrata, 550.
Daphne japonica, 545.
Daphne leuconeura, 544, 548.
Daphne leuconeura^ var. Mairei, 548*

639

Daphne Martini, 547.

Daphne Mazeli, 545.

Daphne modesta, 541, 544. 548.

Daphne myrtilloides, 544, 548.

Daphne nudiflora, 551.

Daphne odora, 544, 545.

Daphne odora, 545, 546.

Daphne odora, var. atrocaulis, 545.

Daphne odora, var. Mazeli, 545.

Daphne oppositifolia, 536.

Daphne papyracea, 544, 546.

Daphne papjTacea, var. crassiuscula,

544, 546.
Daphne papyracea, f. grandiflora, 546.
Daphne papyrifera, 546, 551.
Daphne penicillata, 542, 544, 548.
Daphne retAisa, 541, 544, 547.
Daphne rosmarinifoh'a, 544, 549.
Daphne Roumea, 543, 545.
Daphne sericea, 536.
Daphne sinensis, 543, 546.
Daphne tangutica, 543, 545.
Daphne tangutica, 545.
Daphne tenuiflora, 544, 549.
Daphne triflora, 545.
Daphne Vaillantii, 543, 545.
Daphne virgata, 536.
Daphne viridiflora, 534.
Daphne Wallichii, 550.
Daphne Wilsonii, 540, 544, 547.
Daphnidium elongatum, 78.
DapJinidiuin pulcherrimum, 85.
Dirp.hriidiiuu strychnifolium, 82.
Daphniphylhim, 521.
Daphniphyllum angustifolium, 521.
Daphniphyllum glaucescens, 522.
Daphniphylhim macropodum, 522.
D(ipJirnj>}iijUuin Roxburghii, 522.
Dn.siphoi-a fndicosa, 301.
Davidia, 255.
Davidia involucrata, 255.
Davidia involucrata, 256.
Davidia involucrata, var. Vilmoriniana,

256.
Davidia laeta, 256.
Davidia iibetana, 255.
Davidia Vilmoriniana, 256.
Dc.sniodium, 103.
Dosmodium floribiindum, 103.
Di'smodium formosum, 107.
Desmodium laburnifolium, 103.
Desinodium laxiflorum, 103.
Desmodium obtusum, 111.

Desmodium oxyphyllum, var. serri-

ferum, 104.
Desmodium penduliflorum, 107.
Desmodium podocarpum, var. szech-

uenense, 104.
Desmodium racemosum, 107.
Desmodium serriferuin, 104.
Desmodium sinuaiuni, 104.
Desmodium strangulatum, var. sinua-

tum, 104.
Desmodium tiliaefolium, 104.
Desmodium tomentosum. 111.
Diacicarpium rotundifolium, 552.
Diacicarpium tomentosum, 552.
Dicalix aluminosus, 597.
Dicalix javanicus, 597.
Dicalix salaccensis, .597.
Dicalix spicatus, 595.
Dicalyx (?) tinctorius, 597.
Dichotomanthes, 344.
Dichotomanthes tristaniaecarpa, 344.
Dichotomanthes tristaniaecarpa, var,

glabrata, 344.

DiLLENIACEAE. 378.

Dimocarpus Longan, 193.
Dimocarpus longus, 193.
Dimocarpus pupilla, 193.
Dimocarpus undulaius, 194.
Dimorphanthus elatus, 567.
Dimorphanthus mandshuricus, 566.
DiospjTos, 587.
Diospyros armata, 591.
Diospyros armata, 591.
Diospyros Aurantium, 589.
DiospjTos Balfouriana, 588.
Diospyros Bertii, 589.
Diospyros chinensis, 589.
Diospyros coslata, 589.
Diospyros elliptica, 589.
Diospyros japonica, 587.
Diospyros kaki, 588.
Diospyros Kaki, /3 587.
Diospyros Kaki, (S cordata, 589.
Diospyros Kaki, var. costata, 589.
Diospyros Kaki, ^ domcstica, 589.
Diospyros Kaki, y glabra, 587.
Diospyros Kaki, f. grandifolia, 589.
Diospyros kaki, var. silvestris, 590.
Diospyros Kaempfvri, 589.
Diospyros Lotus, 587.
Diospyros lycopcrsicon, 589.
Diospyros Mazeli, 589.
Diospyros microcarpa, 587.

640

INDEX

Diosp)Tos mollifolia, 591.
Diospyros Pseudo-Lotus, 587.
Diospyros Roxburghii, 589, 590.
Diospyros Sahuti, 589.
Diospyros Schi-tse, 589.
Diospyros serrata, 401.
Diospyros sinensis, 591.
Diospyros Umlovok, 587.
Diospyros yunnanensis, 592.
Diplomorpha cancscens, 536.
Diploviorpha Chamaedaphne, 536.
Diplomorpha virgala, 536.
Diplomorpha f viridiflora, 534.
Distegocarpus, 431, 433.
Distegocarpus. 433.
Distegocarpus carpinoides, 433.
Distegocarpus Carpinus, 433.
Distegocarpus ? cordata, 435.
Distegocarpus ? erosa, 435.
Distegocarpus laxiflora, 438.
Disterocarpus, 433.
Docynia, 296.
Docynia Delavayi, 296.
Dolichos hirsuta, 118.
Dolichos japonicus, 510.
Dolichos polystachios, 510.
Dolichos (?) polystachyos, 510.
Dryandra oleifera, 528.
Dumasia, 116.
Dumasia hirsuta, 116.

Ebenaceae, 587.
Echinocarpus assamicus, 362.
Echinocarpus Hemsleyanus, 361.
Echinocarpus sinensis, 361.
Echinocarpus sinensis, 361.
Echinocarpus sterculiaceus, 362.
Echinocarpus tomentosus, 362.
Edgeworthia, 550.
Edgeworthia chrysantha, 550.
Edgeworthia Gardneri, 551.
Edgeworthia papyrifera, 551.
Ekebergia indica, 159.
Ekebergia ? integerrima, 159.
Elaeagnaceae, 409.
Elaeagnus, 410.
Elaeagnus Bockii, 416.
Elaeagnus conferta, 417.
Elaeagnus cuprea, 414.
Elaeagnus edulis, 413.
Elaeagnus Henryi, 414.
Elaeagnus lanceolata, 413.
Elaeagnus latifolia, 417.

Elaeagnus longipes, 413.
Elaeagnus Loureirii, 416.
Elaeagnus macrantha, 416.
Elaeagnus magna, 411.
Elaeagnus multiflora, 412.
Elaeagnus multiflora, f. angustata, 413.
Elaeagnus parviflora, 410.
Elaeagnus rotundifolia, 413.
Elaeagnus sarmentosa, 417.
Elaeagnus steUipila, 415.
Elaeagnus umbellata, 410.
Elaeagnus umbellata, ssp. magna, 411.
Elaeagnus umbellata, ssp. parvifolia,

411.
Elaeagnus umbellata, var. parvifolia,

411.
Elaeagnus viridis, 414.
Elaeocarpaceae, 360.
Eleaocarpea, 362.
Elaeocarpus, 360.
Elaeocarpus japonicus, 360.
Elaeocarpus omeiensis, 360.
Elaeococca verrucosa, 528.
Eleutherococcus, 557.
Eleutherococcus Hejiryi, 557.
Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus, 557, 559.
Eleutherococcus Simoni, 559.
Embryopteris Kaki, 589.
Eriolobus Delavayi, 296.
Eriolobus kansuensis, 286.
Eriolobus Tschonoskii, 295.
Eriolobus yunnanensis, 287.
Eriosolena, 550.
Eriosolena involucrata, 550.
Eriosolena Wallichii, 550.
Ermani, 468.
Ermanianae, 462, 468.
Erythrina, 117.
Erythrina arborescens, 117.
Erythrospermum hypoleu^um, 346.
Esquirolia sinensis, 603.
Euacanthopanax, 560.
Eualbae, 485.
Eualnus, 492.
Euavellanae, 447.
Eubetula, 468, 480, 481, 483, 485.
Eucarpinus, 431, 437.
Eucarpinus, 437.
Eucladrastis, 97.
Euclethrus, 492.
Eugenia, 420.
Eugenia Grijsii, 420.
Eugenia laurina, 594.

INDEX

641

Eugenia microphylla, 420.
Eugenia pyxophylla, 420.
Eugenia sinensis, 420.
Eugenia, sp., 420.
Euodia ramiflora, 136.
Euornus, 258.

EUPHORBIACEAE, 516.

Euphoria, 193.

Euphoria Longan, 193.

Euphoria longana, 193.

Euphoria pupillum, 194.

Euphoria undulata, 193.

Eupicea, 22.

Euprinsepia, 344.

Eurya, 398.

Eurya acuminata, 400.

Eurya acuminata, 401.

Eurya acuminata, var. euprista, 401.

Eurya acuminata, var. multiflora, 401.

Eurya acuminata, var. Wallichiana,

401.
Eurya angustifolia, 401.
Eurya bifaria, 401.
Eurya chinensis, 400.
Eurya emarginata, 400.
Eunja euprista, 401.
Eurya fasciculaia, 398.
Eurya japonica, 398.
Eurya japonica, 398, 399.
Eurya japonica, /3 acuminata, 401.
Eurya japonica, var. aurescens, 399.
Emya japonica, var. nitida, 398.
Eurya lucida, 401.
Eurya membranacea, 401.
Eurya microphylla, 398.
Eurya montana, 398.
Eurya multiflora, 401.
Eurya nitida, 398.
Eurya ochnacea, 399.
Eurya Roxburghii, 398.
Eurya salicifolia, 401.
Eurya serrata, 401.
Eurya systyla, 398.
Eurya uniflora, 398.
Eurya Wallichiana, 401.
Eurya Wighliana, 398.
Euscaphis, 187.
Euscaphis japonica, 187.
Euscaphis staphyleoides, 187.
Euthca, 390.
Euzanthoxylum, 121.
Evodia, 129.
Evodia Baberi, 131.

Evodia Bodinieri, 1.30.

Evodia Danicllii, 135.

Evodia Daniellii, 133.

Evodia Fargesii, 129.

Evodia glauca, 129.

Evodia Henryi, 133.

Evodia Henryi, var. villicarpa, 134.

Evodia hupehensis, 133.

Evodia meliaefolia, 129.

Evodia meliifolia, 129.

Evodia officinalis, 130.

Evodia rugosa, 132.

Evodia rutaecarpa, 132.

Evodia rutaecarpa, 130.

Evodia simplicifolia, 135.

Evodia, sp., 137.

Evodia trichotoma, 132.

Evodia velutina, 134.

Evodia viridans, 132.

Evodioceras, 133.

Evonymus alata, 358.

Excelsae, 465, 483.

Excoecaria, 528.

Excoecaria acerifolia, 528.

Excoecaria discolor, 527.

Excoecaria japonica, 527.

Excoecaria sebifera, 528.

Fagara, 127.

Fagara Biondii, 127.

Fagara dimorphophylla, 126.

Fagara dissita, 128.

Fagara echinocarpa, 128.

Fagara micrantha, 127.

Fagara setosa, 124.

Fagara stenophylla, 127.

Firmae, 491, 506.

Firmiana, 377.

Firmiana chinensis, 377.

Firmiana platanijolia, 377.

Firmiana simplex, 377, 624.

Flemingia, 119.

Flemingia congesta, var. virdis, 119.

Flemingia fluminalis, 119.

Flueggea capillipes, 516.

Fluggea, 520.

Fluggoa leucop\Tus, 520.

Fluggea virosa, 520.

Fluggea WallichiaTia, 520.

Fluggea xerocarpa, 520.

Fraxinaster, 262.

Fraxinus, 258.

Fraxinus bracteala, 258.

642

INDEX

Fraxinus chinensis, 260, 623.
Fraxinus chinensis, var. acuminata,

261.
Fraxinus chinensis, var. rhynchophylla,

261, 623.
Fraxinus chinensis, var. typica, 260.
Fraxinus densiflora, 259.
Fraxinus Eedenii, 258.
Fraxinus floribunda, var. iniegerrima,

258.
Fraxinus Griffithii, 258, 623.
Fraxinus inopinata, 262.
Fraxinus Mariesii, 260.
Fraxinus obovata, 261.
Fraxinus obovata, 261.
Fraxinus Paxiana, 259, 623.
Fraxinus philippinensis, 258.
Fraxinus plat5T)oda, 262, 623.
Fraxinus retusa, 258.
Fraxinus retusa, 258.
Fraxinus retusa, var. Henryana, 258.
Fraxinus retusa, var. integra, 259.
Fraxinus rhynchophylla, 261.
Fraxinus Sargentiana, 261.
Fraxinus xanlhoxyloides, 261.
Fruticosae, 464, 481.
Fruiicosae, 481.

Geeria serrata, 401.
Ginkgo, 1.
Ginkgo, 1.

GiNKGOACEAE, 1.

Ginkgo biloba, 1.

Gleditsia, 90.

Gleditsia macracantha, 90.

Gleditsia officinalis, 91.

Gleditsia sinensis, 91.

Glochidion, 518.

Glochidion flexuosum, 519.

Glochidion obscurum, 518.

Glochidion puberum, 518.

Glochidion sinicum, 518.

Glochidion Wilsonii, 518.

Glycine floribunda, 510.

Glycine sinensis, 509.

Gordonia, 394.

Gordonia anoniala, 395.

Gordonia axillaris, 394.

Gordonia axillaris, var. acuminata, 395.

Gordonia sinensis, 395.

Gouania, 253.

Gouania javanica, 253.

Goughia neilgherrensis, 522.

Gramineae, 63.

Grewia, 371.

Grewia Esquirolii, 371.

Grewia glabrescens, 371.

Grewia parviflora, 371.

Grevna parviflora, 371.

Grewia parviflora, var. glabrescens,

358, 371.
Grossae, 463, 476.

GUTTIFERAE, 402.

Gymnocladus, 91.
Gymnocladus chinensis, 91.
Gymnosporia, 359.
Gymnosporia diversifolia, 358.
Gymnosporia emarginata, 358.
Gymnosporia variabihs, 358, 359.
Gymnothyrsus, 490, 492.
Gymnothyrsus, 492.

Hallia hirta, 110.

Hallia juncea, 109.

Hallia trichocarpa, 110.

Hedera, 555.

Hedera Helix, 555.

Hedera Helix, var. auraniiaca, 555.

Hedera Helix, y ? chrysocarpa, 555.

Hedera himalaica, 555.

Hedera himalaica, var. sinensis, 555.

Hedysarum coriaceum, 110.

Hedysarum hirtum, 110.

Hedysarum junceum, 105, 109.

Hedysarum sericeum, 105.

Hedysarum iomentosum, 110.

Hedysarum trichocarpum, 110.

Hedysarum villosum, 110.

Hedysarum virgatum, 110.

Helwingia, 570.

Helwingia chinensis, 571.

Helwingia chinensis, var. longipedicel-

lata, 572.
Helwingia chinensis, var. macrocarpa,

571.
Helwingia himalaica, 571.
Helwingia japonica, 570.
Helwingia japonica, var. himalaica,

571.
Helwingia japonica, var. hjTDoleuca,

570.
Helwingia rusciflora, 570, 571.
Hemicicca japonica, 519.
Heplapleurum Delavayi, 555.
Heptacodium, 617.
Heptacodium miconioides, 618.

INDEX

643

Hibiscus, 374.

Hibiscus Manihot, 374.

Hibiscus rhombifolius, 374.

Hibiscus simplex, 377.

Hibiscus syriacus, 374.

Hibiscus syriacus, var. chinensis, 374.

Hippophae, 409.

Hippophae littoralis, 409.

Hippophae rhamnoidcs, 409.

Hippophae rhamnoidcs, var. procera,

409.
Hippophae rhamnoides r. sibirica, 409.
Hippophae sibirica, 409.
Hippophaes rhamnoideum, 409.
Hopea spicala, 595.
Hosiea, 190.
Hosiea sinensis, 190.
Hovenia, 252.
Hovenia dulcis, 252.
Humiles, 464, 480.
Hypericum, 402.
Hypericum amplexicaule, 402.
Hypericum ascyroides, 402.
Hypericum Ascyron, 402.
Hypericum Ascyron, var. hupehense,

402.
Hypericum aureum, 404.
Hypericum chinense, 404.
Hypericum Giraldii, 404.
Hypericum Hookerianum, 403.
Hypericum longistylum, 404.
Hpyericum longistylum, var. Giraldii,

404.
Hypericum longistylum, var. Silvestrii,

404.
Hypericum macrocarpum, 402.
Hypericum monogynum, 404.
Hypericum oblongifoUum, 403.
Hypericum patulum, 402.
Hypericum patulum, 403.
Hypericum patulum, var. Henryi, 403.
Hypericum Prattii, 404.
Hypericum pyramidatum, 402.

ICACINACEAE, 190.

Hex emarginata, 400.

Ilex macrocarpa, var. genuina, 358.

Hex Orixa, 130.

Ilex purpurea, var. Oldhamii, 358.

Hex racemosa, 359.

Hex suaveolens, 358.

Indicae, 333, 338.

Indigofera. 99.

Indigofer.i, amblyantha, 99.
Indigofera chalara, 101.
Indigofera chinensis, 106.
Indigofera dichroa, 100.
Indigofera ichang(>nsi.s, 100.
Indigofera ichangonsis, f. calvcscens,

100.
Indigofera ichangensis, f. leptantha,

100.
Indigofera ichangensis, f. rigida, 100.
Indigofera lenticcllata, 101.
Indigofera Monbeigii, 100.
Indigofera myosurus, 101.
Indigofera pseudotinctoria, 100.
Indigofera scabrida, 101.
Indigofera szechuensis, 101.
Indigofera Wilsonii, 101.

Jasminum, 612.
Jasminum affine, 614.
Jasminum Beesianum, 615.
Jasminum bignoniaccum, 615.
Jasminum chrysanthemum, 615.
Jasminum floridum, 614.
Jasminum Giraldii, 614.
Jasminum humile, 614.
Jasminum inodorum, 615.
Jasminum lanceolarium, 612.
Jasminum lanceolarium, var. puber-

ulum, 612.
Jasminum nintooides, 615.
Jasminum officinale, 613.
Jasminum revolulum, 615.
Jasminum sinense, 612.
Jasminum subulatum, 614.
Jasminum urophyllum, 613.
Jasminum urophyllum, var. Henryi,

613.
Jasminum urophyllum, var. Wilsonii,

613.
Jasminum viminale, 614.
Jasminum vulgaiius, 614.
Jasminum Wallichianum, 615.
Juniperus, 56.
Juniperus barbadensis, 60.
Juniperus Cabiancae, 61.
Juniperus ccrnua, 60.
Juniperus ciiinensis, 60.
Juniperus chinensis Corncyana, 54.
Juniperus chinensis, var. pendula, 61.
Juniperus communis, 56.
Juniperus convallium, 62.
Juniperus dimorpha, 60.

644

INDEX

Juniperus Fargesii, 59.
Juniperus flagelliformis, 60.
Juniperus foetida, a sabina, 60.
Juniperus formosana, 56.
Juniperus Fortunii, 61.
Juniperus Lambertiana, 57.
Juniperus morrisonicola, 59.
Juniperus morrisonicola, 621.
Juniperus nepalensis, 54, 60.
Juniperus pseudo-sabina, 62.
Juniperus recurva, 58.
Juniperus recurva, var. densa, 58.
Juniperus recurva, ^ squamata, 58.
Juniperus Reevesiana, 60.
Juniperus religiosa, 57.
Juniperus rigida, 56, 58.
Juniperus saltuaria, 61.
Juniperus sphaerica, 61.
Juniperus squamata, 57, 621.
Juniperus squamata, var. Fargesii, 59.
Juniperus struthiacea, 60.
Juniperus taxifolia, 56.
Juniperus Thunbergii, 60.
Juniperus virginica, 60.

Kalomikta mandshurica, 381.

Kalopanax, 564.

Kalopanax ricinifolius, 564.

Karangolum chinense, 553.

Karangolum Faberi, 552.

Karangolum platanifolium, 554.

Keria tetrapelala, 300.

Kerria. 301.

Kerria japonica, 301.

Keteleeria, 39.

Keteleeria Davidiana, 39, 621.

Keteleeria Davidiana, var. formosana,

40.
Keteleeria Davidiana, var. formosana,

621.
Keteleeria Delavayi, 39.
Keteleeria Esquirolii, 40.
Keteleeria Evelyniana, 40.
Keteleeria Fabri, 41.
Keteleeria formosana, 40.
Keteleeria Fortunei, 40.
Keteleeria sacra, 39.
Keteleeria sp., 41.
Koelreuteria, 191.
Koelreuteria apiculata, 191.
Koelreuteria bipinnata, 193.
Koelreuteria paniculata, 191.
Kraunhia brachybolrys, 511.

Kraunhia chinensis, 513.
Kraunhia floribunda, 509, 511.
Kraunhia floribunda,ybrachybotrys, 511,
Kraunhia floribunda, ^ sinensis, 509.
Kraunhia floribunda, a typica, 511, 513.
Kraunhia floribunda, a typica, forma

albiflora, 512.
Kraunhia floribunda, a typica, forma

pleniflora, 513.
Kraunhia japonica, 515.
Kraunhia sinensis, 509.
Kraunhia sinensis, var. albiflora, 512.
Kraunhia sinensis, var. brachybolrys,

511.
Kraunhia sinensis, var. brachybolrys,

forma albiflora, 514.
Kraunhia sinejisis, var. floribunda,

511, 513.
Kraunhia sinensis, var. pleniflora, 513.

Laevigatae, 333, 337.

Lagerstroemia, 418.

Lagerstroemia elegans, 418.

Lagerstroemia indica, 418.

Lagerstroemia indica, var. pallida, 418.

Laricopsis Kaempferi, 22.

Larix, 18.

Larix amabilis, 21.

Larix Cajanderi, 21.

Larix chinensis, 18.

Larix dahurica, var. Principis Rup-

prechtii, 21.
Larix Griffithii, 20.
Larix Griffithii, 18.
Larix Kaempferi, 21.
Larix Mastersiana, 19.
Larix Potaninii, 18.
Larix Principis Rupprechtii, 21.
Larix thibetica, 18.
Latjraceae, 66.
Laurus Camphora, 68.
Laurus indica, 73.
Leea spinosa, 566.
Leguminosae, 87, 509.
Lentae, 468.
Lentoe, 468.
Lepta, 135.
Lespedeza, 105.
Lespedeza angulicaulis, 114.
Lespedeza argyrea, 106.
Lespedeza bicolor, 112.
Lespedeza bicolor, 105, 107, 111, 112.
Lespedeza bicolori affinis, 112.

INDEX

645

Lespedeza bicolor, ^ intermedia, 106.
Lespedeza bicolor, var. /3 intermedia,

112.
Lespedeza bicolor, forma microphylla,

107, 112.

Lespedeza bicolor, var. a typica, 112.

Lespedeza Buergeri, 106.

Lespedeza Buergeri, 111.

Lespedeza Buergeri, forma angustifolia,

106.
Lespedeza Buergeri, var. Oldhami, 106.
Lespedeza Caraganae, 109.
Lespedeza ciliata, 113.
Lespedeza cuneata, 105.
Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, 112.
Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, 106, 107, 112.
Lespedeza Davidii, 107.
Lespedeza Dunnii, 111.
Lespedeza elliptica, 107.
Lespedeza eriocarpa, 105.
Lespedeza fasciculiflora, 105.
Lespedeza Fauriei, 110.
Lespedeza Feddeana, 110.
Lespedeza floribunda, 105.
Lespedeza floribunda, 108.
Lespedeza floribunda, var. alopecuroides,

105.
Lespedeza formosa, 107.
Lespedeza Friebeana, 111.
Lespedeza Gerardiana, 110.
Lespedeza hirta, 111.
Lespedeza ichangensis, 113.
Lespedeza inschanica, 108.
Lespedeza japonica, 112.
Lespedeza juncea, 109.
Lespedeza juncea, 105, 106, 108, 109.
Lespedeza juncea, a. glabrescens, 106.
Lespedeza juncea, y hispida, 106.
Lespedeza juncea, var. inschanica, 108,

110.
Lespedeza juncea, var. a juncea, 106,

108, 109, 110.

Lespedeza juncea, var. kanaoriensis,

106.
Lespedeza juncea, var. latifolia, 109.
Lespedeza juncea, /3 sericea, 106.
Lespedeza juncea, var. sericea, 106.
Lespedeza juncea, var. y sericea, 108.
Lespedeza juncea, var. subsessilis, 109.
Lespedeza macrocarpa, 113.
Lespedeza macrophylla, 111.
Lespedeza medicaginoidcs, 105, 108,

110.

Lespedeza Muehleana, 113.
Lespedeza Oldhami, 106.
Lespedeza PaUasii, 110.
Lespedeza polyslachya. 111.
Lespedeza racemosn, 107.
Lespedeza Rosthornii, 113.
Lespedeza sericea, 105.
Lespedeza Sieboldi, 107.
Lespedeza Sieboldii, 106.
Lespedeza Sivinhoei, 110.
Lespedeza tomentosa, 110.
Lespedeza trichooarpa, 109.
Lespedeza trigonoclada, 114.
Lespedeza trigonoclada, var. angusti-
folia, 114.
Lespedeza trigonoclada, f. intermedia,

114.
Lespedeza viatorum, 107.
Lespedeza villosa, 111.
Lespedeza virgata, 110.
Lespedeza virgata, 110, 112.
Lespedezia glomerala, 111.
Lespedezia juncea, 109.
Ligustridium japonicum, 603.
Ligustrum, 600.
Ligustrum acutissimum, 600.
Ligustrum brachystachyum, 607.
Ligustrum chinense, 606.
Ligustrum chinense nanum, 606.
Ligustrum compactum. 604.
Ligustrum Delavayanum, 601.
Ligustrum expansum, 600.
Ligustrum formosanimi, 608,
Ligustrum gracile, 602.
Ligustrum Henrja, 601.
Ligustrum Ibota, 600.
Ligustrum Ibota inUosum, 605.
Ligustrum ionandrurn, 002.
Ligustrum japonicum, 603.
Ligustrum lancifolium, 604.
Ligustrum longifolium, 604.
Ligustrum lucidum, 603.
Ligustrum myriantluim, 607.
Ligustrum oblongijolium, 604.
Ligustrum pedunculare, 609.
Ligustrum Pratlii, 601.
Ligustrum Quilioui, 607.
Ligustrum linxhuryhii, 603.
Ligustrum Simouii, 604.
Ligustrum sincnse, 605.
Ligustrum siiiense latifolium robustum,

603.
Ligustrum sinense, var. nitidum, 606.

646

INDEX

Ligustrum sinense, var. Stauntonii,

606.
Ligustrum sinense, var. villosum, 605.
Ligustrum sp., 608.
Ligxistrum Stauntonii, 606.
Ligustrum strongylophyllum, 605.
Ligustrum thibeticum, 604.
Ligustrum villosum, 605.
Limon vulgaris, 146.
Limonia laureola, 138.
Limonia oligandra, 138.
Limonia trichocarpa, 149.
Lindera, 79.
Lindera cercidifolia, 85.
Lindera communis, 79.
Lindera fragrans, 83.
Lindera fruticosa, 77.
Lindera glauca, 80.
Lindera megaphylla, 80.
Lindera membranacea, 81.
Lindera mollis, 85.
Lindera obtusiloba, 85.
Lindera populifolia, 77.
Lindera Prattii, 83.
Lindera pulcherrima, 85.
Lindera reflexa, 82.
Lindera ? Roslhornii, 83.
Lindera rubronervia, 84.
Lindera setchuenensis, 82.
Lindera sp., 86.
Lindera strychnifolia, 82.
Lindera slrychnifolia, var.?, 82.
Lindera strychnifolia, var. Hemsley-

ana, 82.
Lindera Tzumu, 74.
Lindera umbellata, 81.
Lindera umbellata, var. latifolia, 81.
Linociera chinensis, 611.
Litsea, 75.
Litsea citrata, 75.
Litsea confertifolia, 74.
Litsea consimilis, 79.
Litsea cupularis, 75.
Litsea elongata 78.
Litsea Faberi, 79.
Litsea fruticosa, 77.
Litsea ichangensis, 77.
Litsea lanuginosa, 79.
Litsea laxiflora, 74.
Litsea populifolia, 77.
Litsea pungens, 76.
Litsea sericea, 75.
Litsea umbrosa, 79.

Litsea Veitchiana, 76.
Litsea Wilsonii, 78.
Lodhra crataegoides, 593.
Lodhra fcrruginea, 597.
Lodhra javanica, 597.
Lodhra Lohu, 595.
Lodhra polycarpa, 595.
Lodhra polystachya, 597.
Lodhra rufescens, 595.
Lodhra spicata, 595.
Lodhra Verhuelli, 597.
Lodhra xanthophylla, 595.
Luteae, 333, 342.
Lythraceae, 418.
Maackia, 98.
Maackia hupehensis, 98.
Machilus, 73.
Machilus Bournei, 73.
Machilus ichangensis, 621.
Machilus japonica, 73.
Machilus macrophylla, 71.
Machilus microcarpa, 74.
Machilus Nanmu, 72.
Machilus neurantha, 72.
Machilus Sheareri, 72.
Machilus Thunbergii, 73, 621.
Machilus Thunbergii, 621.
Maesa, 583.

Maesa castaneifoha, 583.
Maesa hupehensis, 583.
Maesa Wilsonii, 584.
Magnolia sericea, 550.
Magnolia tomentosa, 550.
Mallea integerrima, 159.
Mallea Rothii, 159.
Mallea subscandens, 159.
Mallotus, 525.
Mallotus apelta, 525.
Mallotus chrysocarpus, 526.
Mallotus contubernalis, 526.
Mallotus japonicus, 525.
Mallotus Paxil, 525.
Mallotus philippinensis, 526.
Mallotus repandus, 526.
Mallotus tenuifoHus, 525.
Malus, 279.

Malus baccata, 281, 288, 291.
Malus baccata, 283.
Malus baccata, var. himalaica, 283.
Malus baccata, f. Jackii, 291.
Malus baccata, var. mandshurica, 291.
Malus baccata, var. mandshurica, f.
latifolia, 282.

INDEX

647

Malus haccata, var. mandshurica, f.

Zimii, 292.
Malus haccata, a sihirica, 291.
Malus haccata, subsp. Toringo, 293.
Malus cerasifera, 282.
Maliui communis, var. typica, 279.
Malus floribunda, 288, 291.
Malus floribunda, var. Parkmanii, 285.
Malus formosana, 288, 295.
Malus Halliana, 285, 288, 291.
Malus Halliana, 285.
Malus Halliana, f. Parkmanii, 286.
Malus hybrida, 288.
Malus japonica, 296.
Malus Kaido, 290.
Malus kansucnsis, 286, 288, 295.
Malus Matsumurae, 279.
Malus mlcrocarpa haccata, 291.
Malus microcarpa floribunda, 292.
Malus microcarpa Kaido, 290.
Malus microcarpa Ringo, 279.
Malus microcarpa spectabilis, 289.
Malus microcarpa Torringo, 293.
Malus micromalus, 287, 290.
Malus Prattii, 281, 288, 290.
Malus prunifolia, 280, 287, 288.
Malus prunifolia, 279.
Malus prunifolia, var. rinki, 279, 289.
Malus prunifolia X M. toringo, 292.
Malus pumila, 280.
Malus pumila, var. Rinki, 279.
Malus ringo, 279.
Malus Ringo X spectabilis, 290.
Malus Sargentii, 288, 294.
Malus Sieboldii, 288, 293.
Malus Sieboldii, var. aborescens, 294.
Malus Sieboldii, var. calocarpa, 294.
Malus sinensis, 289.
Malus spectabilis, 287, 289.
Malus spectabilis, var. Kaido, 290.
Malus spectabilis, var. micromalus, 290.
Malus thcifora, 283, 288, 291.
Malus theifera, f. rosea, 284.
Malus Toringo, 292, 293.
Malus Toringo, a intcgrifolia, 292.
Malus Toringo, f. typica, 294.
Malus Torringo, 293.
Malus transitoria, 288, 295.
Malus transitoria, var. toringoides,

286, 294.
Malus Tschonoskii, 288, 295.
Malus yezoensis, 279.
Malus yunnanensis, 287, 288, 295.

Malus zumi, 288, 292.

Malvaceae, 373.

Mappia, 190.

Mappia pittosporoides, 190.

Marlea afflnis, 552.

Marlea hcgoniifolia, 552.

Marlea macro phijlla, 554.

Marlea platanifolia, 554.

Marlea tomentosa, 552.

Melastoma 421.

Melastoma Cavaleriei, 421.

Melastoma EsquiroUi, 421.

Melastoma longiflorum, 421.

Melastoma Mairei, 422.

Melastoma malabathricum, 421.

Melastoma napalensis, 421.

Melastoma normale, 421.

Melastoma pelagicum, 421.

Melastoma Wallichii, 421.

Melastomataceae, 421.

Melia, 157.

Melia australis, 158.

Melia Azedarach, 157.

Melia Azedarach, /3 sempervirens, 158.

Melia Azedarach, var. suhtripinnata,

158.
Melia baccifera, 159.
Melia bukayun, 158.
Melia chinensis, 158.
Melia cochinchinensi^, 158.
Melia Commelinii, 158.
Melia composita, 158.
Melia florida, 158.
Melia japonica, 158.
Melia japonica, var. semperflorens, 158.
Melia orientalis, 158.
Miliii sainliucina, 158.
Mclid ■■<( nipervirens, 158.
Melia Toosendan, 158.
Meliaceae, 156.
Melioides, 262.
Meliosma, 199.
Meliosma Beaniana, 204.
^Icliosma cuneifolia, 199.
Meliosma Fischeriana, 203.
Meliosma glomerulata, 203.
Meliosma Kirkii, 207.
Meliosma longicabjx, 204.
Meliosma myrianthwn, 199.
Meliosma Oldhamii, 206.
Meliosma parviflora. 201.
Meliosma pendens, 200.
Meliosma pinnata, 208.

648

INDEX

Meliosma platjTioda, 20L
Meliosma rhoifolia, 208.
Meliosma subverticillaris, 201.
Meliosma Veitchiorum, 204.
Meliosma velutina, 202.
Meliosma Wallichii, 207.
Meliosma Wallichii, 206.
Mezoneurum, 93.
Mezoneurum sinense, 93.
Micromeles alnifolia, 271.
Micromeles alnifolia, /2 lobulaia, 275.
Micromeles alnifolia, a serrata, 271.
Micromeles alnifolia, var. tilia^folia,

271.
Micromeles calonewa, 269.
Micromeles caslaneaefolia, 274.
Micromeles Decaisneana, 269.
Micromeles Decaisneana, var. Keissleri,

269.
Micromeles ferruginea, 277.
Micromeles Folgneri, 271.
Micromeles granulosa, 274.
Micromeles Hemsleyi, 276.
Micromeles japonica, 275.
Micromeles Keissleri, 269.
Micromeles khasiana, 274, 278.
Micromeles rhamnoides, 278.
Micromeles Schwerinii, 274.
Micromeles tiliaefolia, 271.
Micromeles verrucosa, 278.
Microphyllae, 333, 337.
Microrkamnus, 222.
Microrhamnus franguloides, 225.
Milletia floribunda, 511.
Milletia floribunda, var. brachybatrys,

514.
Milletia japonica, 515.
Millettia, 101.
Millettia chinensis, 509.
Millettia Dielsiana, 101.
Millettia pachycarpa, 102.
Millettia reticulata, 102.
Millingtonia pinnata, 208.
Mucuna, 117.

Mucuna sempervirens, 117.
Myrica arabica, 581.
Myrica montana, 581.
Myrica Potama, 581.
MjTicaria, 407.
Myricaria bracteata, 407.
Myricaria dahm-ioa, 407.
Myricaria germanica, 407.
Myricaria Hoffmcisleri, 407.

Myrsinaceae, 580.

INljTsine, 580.

Myrsine acuminata, 580.

Myrsine acuta, 581.

MjTsine africana 580.

Myrsine africana, var. bifaria, 581.

Myrsine africana, ^ retusa, 581.

MTjrsine bifaria, 581.

Myrsine bottensis, 581.

Myrsine dioica, 581.

Myrsine excelsa, 580.

Myrsine glabra, 581.

Myrsine khasyana, 580.

Myrsine retusa, 581.

Myrsine rotundifolia, 581.

Myrsine scabra, 581.

Myrsine semiserrata, 580.

Myrsine sessilis, 580.

Myrsine subspinosa, 580.

Myrtaceae, 420.

Myrtles laurinus, 594.

Myrtus serratus, 594.

Nageia arabica, 581.

Nanae, 464, 480.

A^anae, 480.

Natsiaium sinense, 190.

Neolitsea, 79.

Neolitsea lanuginosa, 79.

Neolitsea lanuginosa, var. chinensia,

79.
Neolitsea umbrosa, 79.
Nephelium Bengalense, 193.
Nevheliimi }ujpolev£um, 194.
Nephelium longan, 194.
Nephelium longana, 193.
Nephelium longanum, 193.
Nephelium Mora, 194.
Nephelium pupillum, 194.
Nigrae, 468.
Nima quassioides, 152.
Nitraria, 120.
Nitraria Schoberi, 120.
Norysca aiirea, 404.
N^orysca chinensis, 404.
No7~ysca patula, 402.
Norysca punctata, 404.
Nothopanax, 556.
Nothopanax Bockii, 557.
Nothopanax Davidii, 556.
Nothopanax diver sifolius, 556*
Nothopanax Rosthornii, 557.
Nyssa, 254.

649

Nyssa sinensis, 254.
Nyssaceae, 254.

Olea acuminata, 609.

Olea clavata, 603.

Olea com-pacta, 604.

Olea consanguinea, 605.

Olea fragrans, 609.

Olea Walpersiana, 605.

Oleaceae, 258, 600.

Omorica, 33.

Orixa, 135.

Orixa japonica, 135.

Ormosia, 93.

Ormosia Henryi, 93.

Ormosia Hosiei, 94.

Ornaster, 260.

Ornas, 258.

Osbeckia, 421.

Osbeckia crinita, 421.

Osbeckia crinita, 422.

Osbeckia crinita, /S yunnanensis, 422.

Osbeckia stellata, 422.

Osbeckia stellata, /S, 422.

Osbeckia yunnanensis, 422.

Osmanthus, 609.

Osmanthus armatus, 611.

Osmanthus fragrans, 609.

Osmanthus senulatus, 610.

Osmanthus venosus, 611.

Ostrya, 424.

Ostrya carpinifolia, 424.

Ostrya italica, subspec. virginiana, 424.

Ostrya italica, var. virginiana, 424.

Ostrya japonica, 424.

Ostrya mandshurica, 435.

Ostrya ostrya var. japonica, 424.

Ostrya virginica, 424.

Ostrya virginica, var. japonica, 424.

Ostryopsis, 423.

Ostryopsis Davidiana, 423.

Ostryopsis Davidiana, var. cinerascens,

423.
Ostryopsis nobilis, 423.
Osyris japonica, 570.
Osyris rhamnoides, 409.
Othera orixa, 136.
Oxyactis, 133.
Oxycedrus, 56.

Pachyrhizus Thunbergianus, 118.
Pachysandra, 164.
Pachysandra axillaris, 164.

Pachysandra terminalis, 164.

Pahurus, 209.

Paliurus aculeatus, 211.

Paliurus Aubletia, 210.

Paliurus Aubletii, 210.

Paliurus australis, 209, 211.

Paliurus australis, var. orientalis,

209.
Paliurus hirsutus, 210, 211.
Paliurus lucidus, 209.
Pahurus orientahs, 209, 210, 211.
Pahurus ramosissimus, 210, 211, 212.
Paliurus sinicus, 210, 211.
Pahurus Spina-Christi, 210, 211.
Pahurus tonkinensis, 211.
Paliurus virgatus, 211.
Palura odorata, 593.
Panax aculeatum, 563.
Panax Davidii, 556.
Panax Loureirianum, 564.
Panax ricinifolium, 564.
Panax spinosum, 562.
Paniculatae, 354.
Passerina Chamaedaphne, 536.
Passerina Chamaejasme, 551.
Passerina Stelleri, 551.
Passiflora 408.
Passiflora cupiformis, 408.
Passiflora Franchetiana, 408.
Passiflora Hcmyi, 408.
Passifloraceae, 408.
Paullinia asiatica, 137.
Perrottetia, 359.
Perrottctia racemosa, 359.
Persea Camfora, 68.
Pcrsea Nanmu, 72.
Pentapanax, 565.
Pcntapanax Hcnr^'i, 565.
Phaseolodcs brachybotrys, 511.
Phaseolodcs floribundum, 509.
Phaseolodcs japonicum, 515.
PhoIlo(iendron, 136.
Pftellodcndron amurcnse, 136.
PhcUodcndron amurcnse, var. sackali-

ncnse, 136.
PhcUodcndron chincnse, 136.
PhcUodcndron chincnse, var. glabri-

uscuhim, 137.
PhcUodcndron japonicum, 136.
PhcUodcndron saclKdincnsc, 136.
PhcUodcndron sinensc, 137.
Phillyrca paniculala, 603.
Phoebe, 71.

650

INDEX

Phoebe maerophylla, 71.

Phoebe nanmu, 72.

Phoebe neurantha, 72.

Phoebe Sheareri, 72, 621.

Photinia arguta, var., 277.

Photmia polyneura, 278.

Phyllanthus, 519.

Phyllanthus albicans, 520.

Phyllanthus flexuosus, 519.

Phyllanthus fluggeiformis, 520.

Phyllanthus glaucus, 520.

Phyllanthus japonicus, 519.

Phyllanthus Leucopyrus, 520.

Phyllanthus Lucena, 520.

Phyllanthus puberus, 518.

Phyllostachys, 65.

Phyllostachys Henonis, 65.

Phyllostachys nidularia, 65.

Phyllostachys nigra, 65.

Phyllostachys nigra, var. Henonis, 65.

Phyllostachys puberula, 65.

Picea, 22.

Picea ajanensis, 33.

Picea Alcockiana, 31, 33.

Picea ascendens, 34.

Picea asperata, 22.

Picea asperata, var. notabilis, 23.

Picea asperata, var. ponderosa, 23.

Picea aurantiaca, 26.

Picea Balfouriana, 30.

Picea brachytyla, 33.

Picea complanata, 35.

Picea gemmata, 24.

Picea heterolepis, 24.

Picea hirtella, 32.

Picea hkiangensis, 31.

Picea hkiangensis, var. rubescens, 31.

Picea Maslersii, 27.

Picea Maximowiczii, 27.

Picea Meyeri, 28.

Picea montigena, 33.

Picea Neoveitchii, 26.

Picea obovata Schrenkiana, 29.

Picea obovata, |3 Schrenkiana, 29.

Picea orientalis, ^ longifolia, 29.

Picea pachyclada, 33.

Picea purpurea, 29.

Picea retroflexa, 25.

Picea Sargentiana, 35.

Picea Sclirenkiana, 29.

Picea tianschanica, 29.

Picea Watsoniana, 27.

Picea Wilsonii, 27.

Picrasma, 152.

Picrasma ailanthoides, 152.

Picrasma japonica, 152.

Picrasma quassioides, 152.

Picrasma quassioides, var. glabrescens,

152.
Pimela alba, 155.
Pimpinelhfohae, 333, 343.

PiNACEAE, 10.

Pinnatae, 204.

Pinus, 10.

Pinus Abies, 50.

Pinus abies, f. schrenkiana, 29.

Pinus Argyi, 15.

Pinus Armandi, 12.

Pinus Armandi, var. M aster siana, 12.

Pinus Bungeana, 13.

Pinus canaliculata, 14.

Pinus Davidiana, 39.

Pinus densata, 17.

Pinus densiflora, 15.

Pinus densiflora, var. tabuliformis, 15.

Pinus excelsa, var. chinensis, 12.

Pinus Fabri, 41.

Pinus Fortunei, 40.

Pinus funebris, 15.

Pinus Henryi, 15.

Pinus jezoensis, 40.

Pinus Kaempferi, 22.

Pinus koraiensis, 12.

Pinus lanceolata, 50.

Pinus leucosperma, 15.

Pinus levis, 12.

Pinus ?nandschurica, 12.

Pinus Massoniana, 14.

Pinus Mastersiana, 12.

Pinus nephrolepis, 50.

Pinus prominens, 17.

Pinus sacra, 39.

Pinus Schrenkiana, 29.

Pinus scipioniformis, 12.

Pinus sinensis, 15.

Pinus sinensis, 14, 18.

Pinus sinensis, var. densata, 17.

Pinus sinensis, var. yunnanensis, 17.

Pinus iabulacformis, 15.

Pinus Thunbergii, 15.

Pinus yunnanensis, 17.

Pinus Wilsonii, 15.

Piptanthus, 99.

Piptanthus nepalensis, 99.

Pirus Jormosana, 295.

Pirus Keissleri, 269.

INDEX

651

Pirus pulcherrima, 292.
Pirus Zumi, 292.
Pistacia, 173.
Pistacia chinensis, 173.
Pistacia coccinea, 174.
Pistacia formosana, 173.
Pistacia integerrima, 174.
Pistacia philippinensis, 173.
Pistacia weinniannifolia, 174.
Plagiospormum, 345.
Plagiospermum sinensis, 345.
Platycladus stricta, 53.
Pleclronia chinensis, 564.
Plumbaginaceae, 586.
Podocarpus, 9.
Podocarpus argotaenia, 6.
Podacarpus coriacea, 3.
Podocarpus insignis, 6.
Podocarpus macrophyUa, 9.
Podocarpus macrophyUa, var. acumina-

tissima, 9.
Podocarpus neriifolius, 9.
Podocarpus sutchuenensis, 39.
Polygala, 160.
Polygala arillata, 160.
Polygala aureocauda, 161.
Polygala caudata, 161.
Polygala congesta, 162.
Polygala fallax, 160.
Polygala florihunda, 162.
Polygala Mariesii, 161.
Polygala Wattersii, 161.
Polygala Wattersii, 161.

POLYGALACEAE, 160.

Polyspora axillaris, 395.

POMOIDEAE, 263.

Poncirus, 149.

Ponciriis trifoliata, 149.

Pongclion glandulosum, 153.

Potentilla, 301.

Potentilla davurica, 301.

Potentilla davurica, var. mandshurica,
303.

Potentilla davurica, var. Veitchii, 303.

Potentilla fruticosa, 301.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. albicans, 302.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. leucantha, 303.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. mandshu-
rica, 303.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. ochreata, 304.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. parvifolia,
304.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. rigida, 302.

Potentilla fruticosa, var. tangutica,

303.
Potentilla fruticosa, var. Veitchii,

303.
Potentilla parvifolia, 304.
Potentilla rigida, 302.
Potentilla Veitchii, 303.
Poupartia axillaris, 172.
Poupartia Fordii, 172.
Prinsepia, 344.
Prinsepia, 344.
Prinsepia sinensis, 345.
Prinsepia uniflora, 345.
Prinsepia utilis, 345.
Prunoideae, 344.
Prunus ? Kolomikfa, 381.
Prunus paniculala, 593.
Prunus Taqueti, 248.
Pseudaegle sepiaria, 149.
Pseudocydonia sinensis, 299.
Pseudolarix, 21.
Pscudolarix Fortunei, 22.
Pseudolarix Kaempferi, 21.
Pseudosassafras Tzumu, 622.
Pseudotsuga Davidiana, 39.
Pseudotsuga jezoensis, 41.
Pterolobium, 92.
Pterolobium punctatum, 92.
Pterophyllus Salisburie7isis, 1.
Pueraria, 118.
Pueraria hirsuta, 118.
Pueraria Thunbergiana, 118.
Punica, 419.
Punica Florida, 419.
Punica Granatiun, 419.
Punica grandiflora, 419.
Punica nana, 419.
Punica spinosa, 419.
Punicaceae, 419.
Pygeuni, 344.
Pygeum Henryi, 344.
Pygeum latifolium, 344.
Pyrus, 263.
Pyrus alnifolia, 271.
P^rus Aria, var. Silvestrii, 273, 300.
Pyrus baccata, 282, 291, 294.
Pyrus baccata, y himalaica, 283.
Pyrus baccata, var. leiostyla, 291.
I'yrus baccata, j3 mandshurica, 282.
Pyrus fxiccata, a sibirica, 291.
Pyrus Bodinieri, 300.
Pyrus brunnca, 300.
Pyrus Calleryana, 264.

652

INDEX

Pyrus caloneura, 269.

Pyrus caihayensis, 297, 299.

Pyi'us Cavaleriei, 300.

Pyrus chinensis, 299.

Ptjrus cuspidala, 278.

Pyrus Delavayi, 296.

Pyi-us Esquii-olii, 300.

Pyrus Feddei, 300.

PjTus ferruginea, 300.

Pyrus ferruginea, 111 .

Pyrus floribunda, 285, 292.

Pyrus Folgneri, 271.

Pyriis granulosa, 274.

Pyrus Griffdhii, 277.

Pyrus Halliana, 285.

Pyrus heterophylla, 265.

Pyrus hupehensis, 265, 300.

Pyrus japonica, 296, 298.

Pyrus japonica, ^ alpina, 298.

Pyrus Kaido, 290.

Pyrus Kaido X baccata, 292.

Pyrus kansuensis, 286.

Pyrus Karensium, 274.

Pyrus khasiana, 278.

Pyrus Koehnei, 300.

Pyrus kohimensis, 278.

Pyrus Kumaoni, 265.

Pyrus lanala, 275.

Pyrus Lindleyi, 263.

Pyrus Mairei, 300.

Pyrus Malus, 279.

Pyrus Malus, /3 288.

Pyrus Malus Parkmanii, 285, 286.

? Pyrus Malus, b sinensis, 279.

Pyrus Malus, /3 tomentosa, 279.

Pyrus Maulei, 298.

Pi/rMs Mengo, 293.

Pyrus Miyahei, 271.

PjTUS mokpoensis, 300.

Pyrus nepalensis, 265.

Pyrus Parkmanii, 285.

Pyi-us pashia. 264.

Pyrus pashia, var. kumaoni, 265.

Pyrus polycarpa, 274.

Pyrus praecox, 279.

Pj/rMS Prattii, 281.

P2/rus prunifolia, 279, 282, 288.

Pyrus rhamnoides, 278.

Pyrus ringo, 279.

P?/riis Ringo, y floribunda, 292.

P?/7-MS ringfo, j3 Kaido, 290.

Pj/ri^s f rivularis, 293.

Pyriis rivularis, ^ Toringo, 293.

Pyrus Sargentii, 294.

Pyrus serotina, 263.

Pyi-us serrulata, 263.

P^/ras Sieboldii, 293.

Pyrus sinensis, 263, 289, 299.

PjTus sinensis, var. Maximowicziana,

300.
Pyrus spec, 279.

Pynis spectabilis, 282, 283, 285, 289.
Pyrus spectabilis, var. albescens, 300.
Pyrus spectabilis, C Kaido, 290.
Pyrus spectabilis, X Ringo, 290.
{Pyrus spectabilis X Ringo) X P. 6ac-

cato, 292.
Pyrus spectabilis, var. Riversii, 289.
Pyrus Taquetii, 300.
Pyrus Thomsonii, 211.
Pyrus Toringo, 293.
Pyrus Toringo, /3 incisa, 293.
Pyrus Toringo, y integrifolia, 292.
Pyrus Toringo, y typica, 294.
Pyrus transitoria, 295.
Pyrus Tsc.honoskii, 295.
Pyrus Tschonoskii, var. Hoggii, 295.
Pyrus Vaniotii, 300.
Pyrus variolosa, 265.
Pyrus Veitchii, 287.
Pyrus verruculosa, 265.
Pyrus Wilhelmii, 265.
Pyrus yunnanensis, 287.

Quinaria lansium, 14.

Raxopitys Cunninghamii, 51.
Reevesia, 376.
Reevesia Cavaleriei, 376.
Reevesia pubescens, 376.
Rhamnaceae, 209.
Rhamnella, 222.

Rhamnella franguloides, 222, 224, 225.
Rhamnella japonica, 225.
Rhamnella Julianae, 223, 224, 225.
Rhamnella Mairei, 224, 225.
Rhamnella Martinii, 224, 225.
Rhamnella obovalis, 223, 224, 226.
Rhamnella Wilsonii, 222, 224, 225.
Rhaynnoides hippophae, 409.
Rhamnus, 232.
Rhamnus affinis, 230.
Rhamnus argutus, 243, 250.
Rhamnus Ai'nottianus, 242, 247.
Rhamnus Bodinieri, 242, 246.
Rhamnus Bodinieri, f. silvicola, 247.

INDEX

653

Rhamnus cambodianus, 244.
Rhamnus catliariicus, y davuriciLS, 251.
Rhamnus Cavaleriei, 232, 237.
Rhamnus chlorophorus, 248.
Rhanniu-s ? cinerascens, 219.
Rhamnus costaia, 230.
Rhamnus costatus, 242, 247.
Rhamnus crenatus, 232, 241, 244.
Rhamnus dahuricu^, 251.
Rhamnus dahuricus, var. hirsutus, 251.
Rhamnus dahuricus var. nipponicus,

252.
Rhamnus dawu-icus, 244, 251.
Rhamnus dumetorum, 237. 243, 249.
Rhamnus dumetorum, var. crenoser-

ratus, 238.
RJiamnus erythroxylon, 242, 248.
Rhamnus EsquiroUi, 233, 242, 245.
Rhamnus fill formis, 231.
Rhamnus formosanus, 242, 246.
Rhamnus globosus, 243, 248.
Rhamnus hamatidens, 244, 252.
Rhamnus Hem.sleyanus, 234, 242, 247.
Rhamnus Henryi, 241, 244.
Rhamnus heterophyllus, 232, 241, 245,

623.
Rhamnus hirsutus, 243, 251.
Rhamnus hupehensis, 236, 242, 248.
Rhamnus hj'poclirysus, 244, 252.
Rhamnus iteinophyllus, 239, 244, 252.
Rhamnus japonicus, 244, 251.
Rhamnus javanicus, 246.
Rhamnus koraiensis, 243, 249.
Rhamnus lamprophyllus, 244, 252.
Rhamnus leptacanthus, 236, 243, 248.
Rhamnus leptophyllus, 239, 243, 250.
Rhamnus leptophvUus, var. milensis,

250.
Rhamnus Leveilleanus, 237, 243, 249.
Rhamnus lineatu^, 220.
Rhamnus Martinii, 225.
Rhamnus Mcyeri, 243, 249.
Rhamnus nipalensis, 242, 245.
Rhamnus oreigenes, 244.
Rhamnus Paliurus, 211.
Rhamnus panicuhflorus, 233, 242, 245.
Rhamnus parvijlora, 231.
Rhamnus parvifoHus, 243, 250.
Rhamnus polymorphus, 250.
Rhamnus procumbcns, 245.
Rhamnus pseudofranguhx, 244, 245.
Rhamnus purpureus, 242, 248.
Rhamnus Rosthornii, 236, 243, 248.

Rhamnus rugulosus, 238, 243, 249.

Rhamnus Hargentianus, 235, 242, 247.

Rhamnus Schneideri, 243, 250.

Rhamnus Taquetii, 243, 248.

Rhamnus Thea, 227.

Rhamnus theezans, 227.

Rhamnus tinctorius, 248.

Rhamnus tonkinensis, 242, 245.

Rhamnus trigynus, 231.

Rhamnus triqueter, 242, 246.

Rhamnus utilis, 240, 244, 252.

Rhamnus virgatus, 243, 251.

Rhamnus virgatus, var. apricus, 248.

Rhamnus virgatus, var. sylvestris, 250.

Rhamnus Wightii, 242, 246.

Rhamnus Wilsonii, 240, 244, 252,

Rhamnus Yoshinoi, 251.

Rhamnus Zizyphus, 212.

RhodotjT)Us, 300.

Rhodotypus kerrioides, 300.

Rhodotypu^ ieirapelala, 300.

Rhus, 176.

Rhus affinis, 179.

Rhus ailanthoides, 152.

Rhus amela, 179.

Rhus Buchi-amelam, 179.

Rhus cacodendron, 153.

Rhus chinense, 178.

Rhus Coiinus, 175.

Rhus coiinus, 175.

Rhus Delavayi, 183.

Rhus Delavayi, var. quinquejuga, 184.

Rhus fraxinifoiium, 183.

Rhus Henryi, 177.

Rhus intermedia, 179.

Rhus javanica, 178.

Rhus javanica, var. Roxburghii, 179.

Rhus Kacmpfcri, 181.

Rhus laevis, 175.

Rhus obovatifolia, 175.

Rhus orientalis, 179.

Rhus Osbeckii, 178.

Rhus paniculata, 184.

Rhus Potaninii, 177.

Rhus pubigera, 183.

Rhus punjabonsis, 176.

Rhus j)utij<ih(nsis, 176.

Rhus punja})ensis, var. sinica, 176.

Rhus Roxburghii, 179.

Rhus semialata, 178, 179.

Rhus semialata, f. cxalata, 179.

Rhus semialala, /3 Osbeckii, 178.

Rhus semialata, y Roxburghii, 179.

654

INDEX

Rhus simplicifolia, 175.
Rhus sinica, 176, 177.
Rhus succedanea, 182.
RJius succedanea, var. hirnalaica, 181.
Rhus succedanea, a japonica, 183.
Rhus sylvestris, 180.
Rhus Toxicodendron, var. hispida, 179.
Rhus trichocarpa, 180.
Rhus vernicifera, 181.
Rhus vernicifera, var. Silvestrii, 181.
Rhus verniciflua, 181.
Rhus vernix, 181.
Rhynchosia, 118.
Rhynchosia Craibiana, 118.
Rhynchosia Dielsii, 118.
Rhynchosia himalensis, 118.
Rhynchosia striata, 118.
RhjTichosia volubihs, 119.
Ricinus Apelta, 525.
Rosa, 304.

Rosa ahyssinica, f. glandulosa, 308.
Rosa adenoclada, 312.
Rosa amoyensis, 315.
Rosa Amygdalifolia, 318.
Rosa anemoneflora, 334, 336.
Rosa Argyi, 319.
Rosa Banksiae, 316, 337.
Rosa Banksiae, 317.
Rosa Banksiae, var. alho-plena, 316.
Rosa Banksiae, f. lutescens, 317, 337.
Rosa Banksiae, /3 microcarpa, 315.
Rosa Banksiae, f. normalis, 337.
Rosa Banksiae, var. normalis, 317.
Rosa Banksiae X Soulieana, 337.
Rosa Banksiae, f. subinermis fl. plena
V. semipleno albo, 316.

iJosa Banksiae, f. subinermis fl. simpl.,
317.

Rosa Banksiae verosimile hybrida, 337.

Rosa banksiopsis, 322, 339, 341.

Rosa bella, 340, 341.

Rosa bella, f . pallens, 342.

Rosa bengalensis, /3 chinensis, 320.

Rosa Bodinieri, 315.

Rosa bracteata, 319, 337.

Rosa Brownii, 307.

Rosa Brunonii, 306, 334, 336.

Rosa Brunonis, 307, 336.

Rosa Camellia, 318.

Rosa camelliaefolia, 318.

Rosa caudata, 321, 339, 341.

Rosa Cavaleriei, 315.

Rosa centifolia, 306, 319.

Rosa cerasocarpa, 312.
Rosa Chaffanjoni, 315.
Rosa Cherokeensis, 318.
Rosa chinensis, 320, 338.
Rosa chinensis, var. fragrans, 338.
Rosa chinensis, a indica, 338.
Rosa chinensis, f. spontanea, 320, 338.
Rosa cinnamomea dahurica, 340.
Rosa cinnamomea C daurica, 340.
Rosa Collettii, 316.
Rosa corymbulosa, 323, 339, 341.
Rosa cucumerina, 318.
Rosa cymosa, 315.

Rosa damascena, f. brachyacantha, 334.
Rosa damascena, f . floribus semiplenis,
334.

Rosa damascena, f . floribus simplicibus,
305.

Rosa Davidii, 322, 339, 341.

Rosa Davidii, var. elongata, 323, 341.

Rosa davurica, 339, 340.

Rosa diffusa, 306.

Rosa dubia, 316.

Rosa Duclouxii, 339.

Rosa Ecae, 343.

Rosa Esquirolii, 315.

Rosa ferox, 321.

Rosa filipes, 311, 334, 336.

Rosa floribunda, 310, 312.

Rosa florida, 306.

Rosa Forrestii, 319.

Rosa fragariaeflora, 315.

Rosa fragrans, 338.

Rosa gechouitangensis, 338.

Rosa Gentiliana, 312, 334, 336.

Rosa Gentiliana, var. australis, 336.

Rosa gigantea, 338.

Rosa gigantea, f. erubescens, 339.

Rosa Gii-aldii, 328, 340, 342.

Rosa Giraldii, f . glabriuscula, 328, 342.

Rosa Giraldii, var. venulosa, 328, 342.

Rosa glomerata, 309, 334, 336.

Rosa gracihflora, 330, 343.

Rosa Grevillii, 306.

Rosa Helenae, 310, 334, 336.

Rosa Hugonis, 330, 343.

Rosa hystrix, 318.

Rosa indica, 315, 320.

Rosa indica fragrans, 338.

Rosa indica, var. ochroleuca, 338.

Rosa indica odorata, 338.

Rosa indica, /3 odoratissima, 338.

Rosa indica sulphurea, 338.

INDEX

655

Rosa Indica vulgaris, 320.

Rosa intermedia, 316.

Rosa irridens, 334, 337,

Rosa irridens, form, nov., 337.

Rosa kamtchatica, 321.

Rosa laevigata, 318, 337.

Rosa Leschenaultiana, 336.

Rosa levigata, var. kaiscianensis, 318.

Rosa longicuspis, 313, 334, 336.

Rosa lucens, 313.

Rosa Luciae, 335.

Rosa Luciae., S adenophora, 624.

Rosa Luciae, f crataegicarpa, 624.

Rosa Luciae, /3 Jimhriata, 624.

Rosa Luciae, y poteriifolia, 624.

Rosa Luciae, f yokoscensis, 624.

Rosa lucida, 337.

Rosa lucidissima, 313, 321.

Rosa Macarlnea, 337.

/?osa macrocarpa, 339.

Rosa macrophylla, 322.

Rosa macropyhlla, var. acicularis, 341.

^osa macrophylla, var. crasseaculeala,

324.
i2osa macrophylla, f . gracilis, 325, 337.
iJosa macrophylla? forma gracilis, 341.
/2osa macrophylla, var. hypoleuca, 337.
i^osa macrophylla, f. parce glandulosa,

325.
i^osa macrophylla, var. rubrostaminea,

325.
Rosa Mairei, 343.
Rosa microcarpa, 314, 337, 624.
i?osa microphylla, 319, 320.
iJosa microphylla, a glabra, 319.
/2osa microphylla, ^ hirtula, 320.
iJosa mokanensis, 335.
^osa mokanensis, var. qmlpaertensis,

335.
Rosa moschata, 307.
/2osa moschata, 307, 308, 335, 336.
i?osa moschata, var. densa, 313.
iJosa moschata hispanica simplex, 307.
i?osa moschata, var. hupehensis, 308.
iiosa moschata maculata, 312.
iiosa Moschata major, 307.
Rosa moschata, var. nasturana, 308.
iJosa moschata, var. nepalensis, 307.
i^osa moschata, var. yunnanensis, 313,

314.
Rosa Moyesii, 325, 340, 342.
Rosa Moyesii, f. rosea. 325, 342.
Rosa multibracteata, 328, 340, 342.

Rosa multiflora, 304, 334.

i2osa midtiflora, 304, 305.

/2osa multiflora, var. adenophora, 305.

Rosa multiflora, var. brachyacantha,

334.
Rosa multiflora, var. carnea, 305, 334.
Rosa multiflora, var. carnea, f. platy-

phylla, 306, 334.
Rosa multiflora, var. cathayensis, 304,

334.
Rosa multiflora, var. platyphylla, 306.
^osa multiflora, /3 plena, 308.
Rosa multiflora, var. quelpaertensis,

335.
Rosa Murielae, 326, 340, 342.
Rosa muscata, 307.
it!osa nankinensis, 320.
i^osa nivea, 318.
Rosa odorata, 338.
Rosa odorata, var. gigantea, 338.
Rosa odorata, var. gigantea, f. eru-

bescens, 339.
Rosa odoratissima, 338.
Rosa omeiensis, 331, 343.
Rosa omeiensis, f. pteracantha, 332,

343.
Rosa orbicularis, 340, 342.
Rosa oulengensis, 338.
Rosa persetosa, 340, 341.
Rosa pimpinellifolia, 342.
Rosa Pissarli, 308.
Rosa platyacantha, 343.
Rosa Prattii, 329, 340, 342.
Rosa pubescens, 307, 321.
Rosa quelpaertensis, 335.
Rosa reducla, 328.
Rosa Regeliana, 321.
Rosa Roxburghii, 319, 337.
Rosa Roxburghii, 306.
Rosa Roxburghii, var. hirtula, 320.
Rosa Roxbuighii, f. normaUs, 319,

337.
Rosa rubcoides, 306.
Rosa Rubus, 308, 334, 336.
Rosa rugosa, 321, 339, 340.
Rosa rugosa, f. amurensis, 321.
Rosa rugosa, var. Chamissoniana, 321,

340.
Rosa rugosa, ^ katntschatica, 321.
Rosa ruscinonensis, 307.
Rosa saturata, 324, 340, 341.
Rosa semperflorens, /3, 320.
Rosa sempervirens, 813, 335.

656

Rosa sempervirens, ^ anemoniflora, 336.

Rosa sericea, 332.

Rosa sericea, 331, 332, 344.

Rosa sericea, f. aculeata eglandulosa,

331.
Rosa sericea, f. denudata, 331.
Rosa sericea fructu rubro aculeis de-

currentibus, 332.
Rosa sericea, f. glabrescens, 331.
Rosa sericea, f. inermis eglandulosa,

331.
Rosa sericea, f. intermedia, 331.
i?osa sericea, f. pleracantha, 332.
.Rosa sericea, var. pleracantha, 332.
Rosa sertata, 327, 340, 342.
Rosa setipoda, 323, 339, 341.
iJosa sinica, 318, 320.
i?osa sinica, ^ Braamiana, 319, 337.
/?osa sinica, a typica, 318.
i2osa Sinowilsoni, 313.
iJoso sorbifiora, 315.
iJosa sorbifolia, 315.
72oso Sorbus, 331.
Rosa Soulieana, 314, 334, 337.
i^osa Soulieana, 313.
Rosa Sweginzowii, 324, 340, 342.
i^osa ternata, 318.
Bosa r/im, 338.
Rosa Thoryi, 306.
/2osa tongtchouanensis, 338.
jBoso trifoliata, 318.
iJosa triphylla, 318.
Rosa Webbiana, 329.
iJosa Webbiana, 327.
Rosa Wichuraiana, 334, 335, 624.
iJosa Wichuraiana, S adenophora, 335,

624.
Rosa Wichuraiana, e crataegicarpa,

335, 624.
i^osa Wichuraiana, /3 fimbriata, 335,

624.
/2osa Wichuraiana, y poteriifolia, 335,

624.
T^osa Wichuraiana, ( yokoscensis, 335,

624.
iJosa Willdenovii, 340.
Rosa Willmottiae, 329, 340, 342.
i^osa Willmottiana, 313.
Rosa xanthina, 342.
TEosa xanthina, 330, 342.
Rosa xanthina, f. normalis, 342.
Rosa xanthocarpa, 339.
ROSACEAE, 263.

Roscyna americana, 402.
Roscyna Gmelini, 402.
Roscyna japonica, 402.
ROSOIDEAE, 300.
Rottlera aurantiaca, 526.
Rottlera cantoniensis, 525.
Rottlera cordifolia, 526.
Rottlera scabrifolia, 526.
Rottlera tinctoria, 526.
Roumea chinensis, 545.
Rubus japonicus, 301.

RUTACEAE, 121.

Sabia, 195.

Sabia coriacea, 198.

Sabia emarginata, 196.

Sabia gracilis, 198.

Sabia latifolia, 195.

Sabia parviflora, 358.

Sabia puberula, 197.

Sabia Ritchieae, 195.

Sabia Schumanniana, 196.

Sabia Schumanniana, var. longipes,

197.
Sabia Schumanniana, var. pluriflora,

197.
Sabia yimnanensis, 358.
Sabiaceae, 195.
Sabina, 57.
Sabina chinensis, 61.
Sabina Corneyana, 54.
Sabina dimorpha, 61.
Sabiaa sphaerica, 61.
Sabina squamata, 58.
Sabina struthiacea, 61.
Sageretia, 226.

Sageretia apiculata, 230, 231.
Sageretia apiculata, 623.
Sageretia Brandvethiana, 229, 230.
Sageretia Brandrethiana, var. Born-

muelleri, 230.
Sageretia Cavaleriei, 228, 230, 231.
Sageretia Cavaleriei, 623.
Sageretia Chanetii, 228.
Sageretia ferruginea, 227.
Sageretia filiformis, 230, 231.
Sageretia gracihs, 623.
Sageretia hamosa, 229, 230.
Sageretia Henryi, 623.
Sageretia omeiensis, 229, 230.
Sageretia oppositifolia, 231.
Sageretia parviflora, 231.
Sageretia paucicostata, 230, 231.
Sageretia perpusiUa, 226, 229, 230.

INDEX

657

Sageretia pycnophylla, 226, 229, 230.

Sagcretia rugosa, 227, 229, 230.

Sageretia subcaudata, 228, 229, 231.

Sageretia theezans, 227, 230, 231.

Sageretia theezans, var. tomentosa,
228.

Salisburia adiantifoUa, 1.

Samara Polama, 581.

Samara sessilis, 580.

Samara subspinosa, 580.

Sambucus japonica, 187.

Sambucus tiliacfolia, 569.

Sapindaceae, 191.

Sapindus, 191.

Sapindus abruptus, 191.

Sapindus Benghalensis, 193.

Sapindus monogyna, 193.

Sapindus mukorossi, 191,

Sapium, 527.

Sapium discolor, 527.

Sapium japonicum, 527.

Sapium sebiferum, 527.

Sarcococca, 163.

Sarcococca Hookeriana, 164.

Sarcococca Hookeriana, var. digyna,
164.

Sarcococca Hookeriana, var. humilis,
164.

Sarcococca pruniformis, 163.

Sarcococca pruniformis, var. Hookeri-
ana, 164.

Sarcococca ruscifolia, 163.

Sarcococca ruscifolia, var. chinensis,
163.

Sarcococca saligna, var. chinensis, 163.

Sassafras, 74.

Sassafras tzumu, 74, 622.

Sasanqua oleifera, 393.

Sam-opus, 518.

Sauropus albicans, 518.

Schefflera, 555.

Schefflera Delavayi, 555.

Scopolia involucrata, 550.

Scutia ? paniculata, 355.

Scytalia Bengalensis, 193.

Scylalia Longan, 193.

Securinega, 520.

Securinega fiuggeoides, 520.

Securinega japonica, 520.

Securinega Leucopyrus, 520.

Securinega virosa, 520.

Sempervii-entes, 357.

Sericeae, 333, 343.

Simaba qnassioides, 152.

SiMARUBACEAE, 152.

Simplices, 199.

Skimmia, 1.38.

Skimmia Fortunei, 139.

Skimmia. Fortunei, 138.

Skimmia japonica, 138, 139.

Skimmia laureola, 138.

Skimmia melanocarpa, 138.

Sloanea, 361.

Sloanea assamica, 362.

Sloanea Hanceana, 361.

Sloanea Hemsleyana, 361.

Sloanea sterculiacea, 362.

Sloanea tomentosa, 362.

Smythea trichantha, 218.

Sorbus, 266.

Sorbus alnifolia, 270, 272, 275.

Sorbus alnifolia, var. lobulata, 275.

Sorbus alnifolia, var. submoUis, 275.

Sorbus Aria, var. kumaonensis, 275.

Sorbus Aria, var. Mairei, 273, 300.

Sorbus aronioides, 268, 272, 274.

Sorbus caloneura, 269, 272, 274.

Sorbus commixta, 275.

Sorbus crenata. Til.

Sorbus Dunnii, 272, 273.

Sorbus ferruginea, 277.

Sorbus Folgneri, 271, 272, 276.

Sorbus granulosa, 272, 274.

Sorbus Griffithii, 277.

Sorbus Hemsleyi, 272, 276.

Sorbus Henryi, 272, 274.

Sorbus japonica, 272, 275.

Sorbus japonica, 275.

Sorbus japonica, var. calocarpa, 276.

Sorbus Keissleri, 269, 272, 274.

Sorbus khasiana, 278.

Sorbus Koehnei, 276.

Sorbus kohimensis, 278.

Sorbus megalocarpa, 266, 272, 274.

Sorbus megalocarpa, var. cuneata,

267.
Sorbus meliosmifolia, 270, 272, 274.
Sorbus Mynbci, 271.
Sorbus pallcscons, 266, 272, 273.
Sorbus polycarpa, 272, 274.
Sorbus rhamnoides, 278.
Sorbus sikki7ne7isis, 274, 278.
Sorbus sikkimensis, 8 ferruginea, 277.
Sorbus sikkimeiisis, y microcarpa, 277.
Sorbus sikkimensis, /3 oblongifolia, 278.
Sorbus Thomsonii, 277.

658

INDEX

Sorbus verrucosa, 278.

Sorbiis xanthoneura, 272.

Sorbus Zahlbruckneri, 272, 274.

Sopliora, 94.

Sophora Davidii, 95.

Sophora flavescens, 96.

Sophora japonica, 96.

Sophora Moorcrof liana, 95.

Sophora Moorcrof liana, var. Davidii,

95.
Sophora viciifoha, 95.
Sophora Wilsonii, 94.
Spiraea japonica, 301.
Spondias, 172.
Spondias acuminata, 172.
Spondias axillaris, 172.
Spondias axillaris, var. pubinervis, 173.
Staphylea, 1S5.
Staphylea Bumalda, 185.
Staphylea Emodi, 185.
Staphylea holocarpa, 185.
Staphylea holocarpa, var. rosea, 186.
Staphyleaceae, 185.
Stellera, 551.

Stellera chamaejasme, 551.
Sterculia, 376.
Sterculia lanceaefoUa, 376.
Sterculia ovalifolia, 376.
Sterculia platanifolia, 377.
Sterculia pyriformis, 377.
Sterculia Roxburghii, 376.
Sterculia tomenlosa, 377.
Sterculiaceae, 376.
Stewartia, 395.
Stewartia monadelpha, 396.
Stewartia serrata, 396.
Stewartia sinensis, 395.
Stillingia discolor, 527.
Stillingia japonica, 527.
Stillingia sebifera, 528.
Stillingia sinensis, 528.
Stillingfleetia sebifera, 528.
Stizolobium, 117.
Stizolobium hassjoo, 117.
Stylidium chinensc, 552.
Stylis chinensis, 552.
Stylodiscus trifoliatus, 521.
Styrax javanicum, 552.
Sty rax Rossamala, 552.
Syllysium buxifolium, 420.
Symplocaceae, 593.
Symplocos, 593.
Symplocos anomala, 596.

Symplocos atroviridis, 595.
Symplocos botrj^antha, 596.
Symplocos caudata, 595.
Symplocos crataegoides, 593.
Symplocos ferruginea, 597.
Symplocos flavida, 595.
Symplocos Horsjieldiana, 597.
Symplocos javanica, 597.
Symplocos lachnobotrya, 597.
Symplocos laurina, 594.
Symplocos Loha, 594.
Symplocos longipetiola, 599.
Symplocos mollis, 597.
S3Tnplocos myriantha, 596.
Symplocos pallida, 593.
Symplocos paniculata, 593.
Symplocos pilosa, 598.
Symplocos polycarpa, 595.
Symplocos polystachya, 597.
Symplocos prunifolia, 595.
Symplocos rufescens 595.
Sytnplocos salaccensis, 597.
Symplocos spicaia, 594.
Symplocos spicaia, var. gracilis, 595.
Symplocos stellaris, 597.
Symplocos subspinosa, 594.
Symplocos Swinhoeana, 595.
Symplocos tetramera, 598.
Symplocos theophrastaefolia, 595.
Symplocos Verhuellii, 597.
Symplocos Wilsoni, 597.
Symplocos xanlhophylla, 595.
Synstylae, 333, 334.
Syzygium ? buxifolium, 420.

Tamaricaceae, 406.
Tamarix, 408.
Tamarix chinensis, 406.
Tamarix chinensis, 407.
Tamarix dahurica, 407.
Tamarix gallica, i3 chinensis, 406.
Tamarix indica, 406.
Tamarix juniperina, 407.
Tamarix parviflora, 406.
Tamarix tetrandra, 406.
Taonabo japonica, 397.
Tapiscia, 188.
Tapiscia sinensis, 188.
Taxaceae, 3.
Taxodieae, 50.
Taxodium japonicum, 52.
Taxus, 8.
Taxus baccata, 3, 8.

INDEX

659

Taxus baccata, subsp. 2. cuspidala, 8.
Taxus baccata, subsp. 2. cuspidala,

var. b. chinensis, 8.
Taxus coriacea, 3.
Taxus cuspidata, 8.
Taxus cuspidata, var. chinensis, 8.
Ternstroemia, 397.
Ternstroemia ancura, 397.
Ternstroemia bifaria, 401.
Ternstroemia dubia, 397.
Ternstroemia fragrans, 397.
Ternstroemia japonica, 397.
Ternstroemia japonica, f. parvifolia,

397.
Ternstroemia japonica, var. Wightii,

397.
Ternstroemia Lushia, 400.
Tetradenia consimilis, 79.
Tetradenia lanuginosa, 79.
Tetradenia umbrosa, 79.
Tetradium, 129.
Tetradium trichotomum, 132.
Tetrantheru citrata, 75.
Tetranthera polyantha, 75.
Tetranthera sericea, 75.
Thea, 390.
r/jca assamica, 391.
r/iea bo/iea, 391.
r/ica cantoniensis, 391.
TAeo chinensis, 391.
jT.'ieo chinensis, var. /3 Bohea, 391.
y/iea chinensis, var. viridis, 391.
3'/!ea cochinchinensis, 391.
Thea cuspidata, 390.
Thea elongata, 392.
Thea euryoides, 390.
Thea fraterna, 390.
Thea Grijsii, 394.
r/iea CrysM', 394.
Thea japonica, 394.
Thea oleifera, 393.
TAco oleosa, 391, 393.
Thea rosaeflora, var. glabra, 390.
r/ica rosaeflora, var. pilosa, 390.
Thea Sasanqua, 393.
r/iea sasanqua, var. oleosa, 393.
Thea sinensis, 391.
r/iea s/ricto, 391.
T/iea viridis, 391.
Theaceae, 390.
Theaphyla cantoniensis, 391.
Theaphyla lanceolata, 391.
Theaphyla laxa, 391.

Theaphyla oleifera, 391.

Theaphyla viridis, 391.

Thuja, 53.

Thuja acuta, 53.

Thuja orientahs, 53.

Thymelaeaceae, 530.

Tiha, 3G3.

TiKo argentea, 370.

TiZm argentea, fi mandshurica, 370.

TzZio Baroniana, 364.

Tiha chinensis, .364.

Tz7ia chinensis, 369.

Tiha dictyoneura, 363.

Tiha Henryana, 367.

Ti/ia Henryana, var. afulva, 367.

TiZia Henryana, var. j3 subglabra, 367.

Tiha Henryana, var /3 subglabra, f.

polyantha, 367.
Tiha intonsa, 365.
Tiha laetevirens, 369.
Tiha mandshurica, 370.
T'l'Zm mandshurica, 366.
7'ih'o mandshurica, var. pekinensis,

370.
TiKa Miqueliana, var. chinensis, 363,

369.
Tiha mongohca, 369.
Tiha nobihs, 363.
Tiha Ohveri, 366.
Tiha Ohveri, var. cinerascens, 367.
Tiha paucicostata, 363.
7\7m paucicostata, var. a firma, 363.
TiZia paucicostata, var. /3 tenuis, 363.
ri/i'a pekinensis, 370.
TiZza pendula, 366.
Tiha sp., 369.
Tiha tuan, 368.

rz'Zia Tuon, var. Cavaleriei, 368.
TtZia 2'uan, var. a Cavaleriei, f.

divaricata, 368.
Tiha tuan, var. chinensis, 369.
TiZia Tuan, var. /S pruinosa, 368.
Tt7ia tonsura, 365.
Tiliaceae, 363.
Tinus crispa, 582.
Tinus Hcnryi, 582.
Tinu^ japonica, 583.
Timis montana, 583.
Toddaha, 137.
Toddulia aculcala, 137.
Toddaha asialica, 137.
Toddalia floribunda, 137.
Toddalia nitida, 137.

660

INDEX

Toona sinensis, 156.
Toona sinensis, var. grandis, 156.
Torreya, 7.
Torreya Fargesii, 7.
Torreya grandis, 7.
Torreya nucifera, 7.
Torreya nucifera, var. grandis, 7.
Torricellia, 569.
Torricellia angulata, 569.
Torricellia intermedia, 569.
Torricellia tiliifolia, 569.
Toxicodendron, 179.
Toxicodendron orientate, 179.
Trewia nudiflora, 526.
Triadica japonica, 527.
Triadica sinensis, 527.
Tricera nepalensis, 164.
Trifolium cytisoides, 109.
Trifolium dauricum, 110.
Trifolium hedysaroides, 109.
Trochostigma Kolomikta, 381.
Trochostigma polygama, 380.
Trochostigma rufa, 379.
Trochostigma volubilis, 380.
Tsuga, 36.

Tsuga chinensis, 37, 621.
Tsuga dumosa, var. chinensis, 37.
Tsuga formosana, 38.
Tsuga formosana, 621.
Tsuga Sieboldii, 37.
Tsuga yunnanensis, 36.
Tsuga yunnanensis, 37.
Tubo-avellana, 448.
Tumion grande, 7.
Turpinia, 187.
Turpinia microcarpa, 187.
Turpinia nepalensis, 187.
Turpinia pomifera, 187.
Turpinia pomifera, /3 (T*. nepalensis),
187.

Uraria, 104.

Uraria hamosa, var. sinensis, 104.

Urena, 373.

Urena cana, 373.

Urena diversifolia, 373.

Urena lobata, 373.

Velaga globosa, 418.
Ventilago, 253.
Ventilago calyculata, 253.
Virides, 491, 503.
yiszania paniculata, 603.

Wetria rufescens, 524.
Wikstroemia, 530.
Wikstroemia alpina, var., 534.
Wikstroemia alternifolia, 533, 537.
Wikstroemia alternifolia, 537.
Wikstroemia angustifolia, 533, 535.
Wikstroemia Bodinieri, 538.
Wikstroemia brevipaniculata, 532,

533, 536.
Wikstroemia canescens, 533, 536.
Wikstroemia capitata, 530, 533, 535.
Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, 533, 536.
Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, 535.
Wikstroemia chinensis, 533, 535.
Wikstroemia dolichantha, 533, 537.
Wikstroemia effusa, 534, 538.
Wikstroemia gracilis, 533, 536.
Wikstroemia holosericea, 533, 537.
Wikstroemia inamoena, 536.
Wikstroemia indica, 532, 534.
Wikstroemia indica, 534.
Wikstroemia indica, var. viridiflora,

534.
Wikstroemia ligustrina, 531, 533, 535.
Wikstroemia linoides, 533, 535.
Wikstroemia micrantha, 530, 533, 535.
Wikstroemia monnula, 533, 535.
Wikstroemia nutans, 532, 534.
Wikstroemia Pampaninii, 533, 537.
Wikstroemia retusa, 533, 534.
Wikstroemia salicifolia, 536.
Wikstroemia salicina, 533, 535.
Wikstroemia scytophylla, 534, 538.
Wikstroemia stenantha, 532, 534.
Wikstroemia stenophylla, 530, 533,

535.
Wikstroemia Valbrayi, 538.
Wikstroemia virgata, 536.
Wikstroemia viridiflora, 534.
Wistaria, 509.
Wistaria brachybotrya, 510.
Wistaria brachybotrys, 509, 514.
Wistaria brachybotrys, var. alba, 514.
Wistaria brachybotrys, var. rubra, 511.
Wistaria chinensis, 511, 513.
Wistaria chinensis, var. alba plena, 513.
Wistaria chinensis, var. albiflora, 510.
Wistaria Chinensis, var. flore-pleno,

512.
Wistaria chinensis, var. foliis varie-

gatis, 512.
Wistaria chinensis, var. multijuga, 513.
Wistaria chinensis, var. variegata, 512.

661

Wistaria Consequana, 509.
Wistaria floribunda, 510.
Wistaria floribunda, f. alba, 512.
Wistaria floribunda, f .inacrobotrys,513.
Wistaria floribunda, f. rosea, 512.
W^istaria floribunda, f. variegata, 512.
W^istaria floribunda, f. violaceo-plena,

512.
Wistaria japonica, 515.
Wistaria macrobotrys, 513.
Wistaria muliijuga, 513.
Wistaria multijuga, var. alba, 512.
Wistaria multijuga, var. rosea, 512.
Wistaria polystachya, 509, 511.
Wistaria polystachya alba, 510.
Wistaria polystachya fl. albo-pleno, 513.
Wistaria polystachya inultij\iga, 513.
Wistaria polystachya multijuga alba,

512.
Wistaria polystachya multijuga rosea,

512.
Wistaria polystachya variegata, 512.
Wistaria sinensis, 509.
Wistaria sinensis, f. alba, 510.
Wistaria sinensis, var. albiflora, 510.
Wistaria sinensis flore plcno, 512.
Wistaria venusta, 514.
Wisteria, 102.
Wisteria brachybotrys, 510.
W^isteria chinensis, 102.
Wisteria chinensis, 509, 514.
Wisteria chinensis, var. alba, 510.
Wisteria chinensis, var. macrobotrys,

513.
Wisteria dubia, 515.
Wisteria grandiflor a, 513.
Wisteria sinensis, 513.
Wisteria sinensis, var. violaceo-plena,

512.

Xanthoxylum floribiindum, 137.
Xylophylla Luccna, 520.

Zanthoxylum, 121.
Zanthoxylum alatum, 125.

Zanthoxylum alalu7n, 125.
Zanthoxylum alatum, var. planispi-

num, 125.
Zanthoxylum alatum, var. planispi-

num, f. fcrrugineum, 125.
Zanthoxylum Bretschneideri, 135.
Zanthoxylum Bungeanum, 121.
Zanthoxylum Bungei, 121.
Zanthoxylum Bungei, 125.
Zanthoxylum Bungei, var. Zimmer-

mannii, 122.
Zanthoxylum Daniellii, 135.
Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum, 126.
Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum, var.

spinifolium, 126.
Zanthoxylum dissitum, 128.
Zanthoxylum echinocarpum, 128.
Zanthoxylum fraxinoides, 121.
Zanthoxylum micranthum, 127.
Zanthoxylum multifoliolatum, 129.
Zanthoxylum multijugum, 129.
Zanthoxylum nitidum, 121, 137.
Zanthoxylum Piasezkil, 122.
Zanthoxylum pilosulum, 123.
Zanthoxylum piperitum, 122.
Zanthoxylum planispinum, 125.
Zanthoxylum pteracanthum, 123.
Zanthoxylum setosum, 124.
Zanthoxylum simulans, 121.
Zanthoxylum stenophyllum, 127.
Zanthoxylum trijoliatum, 563.
Zanthoxylum undulatifolium, 124.
Zizyphus, 212.
Zizyphus flavescens, 219.
Zizyphus floribunda, 213.
Zizyphus hamosa, 230.
Zizyphus opposilifolia, 231.
Zizyphus sativa, 212.
Zizyphus sativa, var. inermis, 212.
Zizyphus sineiisis, 212.
Zizyphus spec. 213.
Zizyphus vulgaris, 212.
Zizyphus vulgaris, var. inermis, 212.
ZizjTjhus yunnanensis, 212.
Zygophyllaceae, 120.

PLAXTAE VVILSONIANAE

In this work it is proposed to give an enumeration
of the dried plants collected by Mr. E. H. Wilson
during his expeditions to western China in behalf
of the Arnold Arboretum, with descriptions of new
species and the elaborations of certain genera as rep-
resented in the Chinese flora.

It is expected that the work will be finished in eight
or nine parts, making three volumes.

The price of each part is $2.50; they can be ob-
tained at the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University,
Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.

COLLECTION OF
WILSON'S PHOTOGRAPHS

The photographs mentioned in this work may be
obtained from the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard Uni-
versity. The pictures, taken by Wilson in China with
a full knowledge of his subjects and their scientific
importance, give for the first time an accurate idea of
trees and different types of vegetation found in western
C'hina. The pictures taken in Japan form an important
contribution to the knowledge of the vegetation of
that country.

CHINESE PHOTOCJRAPHS

Series 1. 500 photographs (each 8-| X 6§ inches)
taken 1907-1909, with type-written index, price $250.00.

Series 2. 350 photographs (size as above, numbered
01-0350) taken 1910, witli tvpe-written index, price
$175.00.

JAPANESE PHOTOGR.VI^HS

A series of 600 photographs (size as above, nuraberetl
xl-x600) takt^n 1014, with type-written index, price
$aO().0().

»

^uiilicatiomt of ttt iScnani ^rtiaTetum o( ^arbacli tHnibersitp

No. 3.

THE

Bradley Bibliography

A GUIDE TO

THE LITERATURE OF WOODY PLANTS, INCLUDING BOOKS AND

ARTICLES IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES

AND IN SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR JOURNALS,

PUBLISHED IN ALL LANGUAGES TO THE

END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Prepared at the Arnold Arboretum by Alfred Ri:hdeb, under the
jyireciion of Chaki.ks Si'kaguk Sargent

THIS work will consist of five volumes and will extend to 4000 quarto
two-column pages. The work is printed at the Riverside Press,
Cambridge, and only 500 copies will be issued.

All students of trees and shrubs and all librarians have long felt the
necessity of such a work, and with the growth in the interest and practice
of forestiy the demand for it is increasing. There is no bibliography of
publications on dendrology, forests and forestry or on arboriculture in any
language, and the published botanical bibliographi do not contain ref-
erences to articles in the Proceedings of learned Societies and in Journals.

The work is divided into five volumes:

Volume L Dendrology. General.

Volume II. Dendkologv. Taxonoinic Arrangement.

Volume III. Arboriculture. Economic Properties of AVoody

Plants.
Volume IV. Forksirv.
Volume V. Index of Authors and Titles.

The first volume appeared in July, 191 1, the second in October, 1.91 '~',
Volume IV. in May, 1914'^ and Volume III. in November, 1915. V^oliune
V. is in the hands of the printer.

The price of the entire work is $100, and the volumes will not be sold
separately. All communications in regard to the Bradley Bibliography
should be addressed to the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachu-
setts, U. S. A., where subscrip'^ion blanks and sample i)ages can be
obtained.

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