The Plantsman NBW HAMPSHIRE PLANT GROWERS ASSOCIATION Aprils May 1993 W Spring Illustration by R o s al y n P i r o z zi The Plantsman NEW HAMPSHIRE PLANT GROWERS ASSOCIATION April 6f May 1993 MUlOfOG'^ DRAMM Chemical Applicators / No Run-Off / No Labor Cost / No Exposure / Automatic Start / Automatic Stiutdown Apply chemicals automatically as ultra-fine fog particles. Eliminate worker exposure and labor costs, while providing uniform, consistent coverage. Complete space fumigation and leaf deposition is achieved due to the extremely small particle size. There is no costly chemical run-off. Four models ore available: SLVH, LVH. SLVH Autostart and LVH Autostart. When horizontal airflow fans are used, the SLVH models will treat up to 26,000 square feet; the LVH models will treat up to 70,000 square feet. Aufofog" - progressive technology for today's grower. DRAMM RO. Box 1960 Manitowoc, Wl 54221-1960 800-258-0848 FAX: 414-684-4499 CALENDAR APRIL April 16 FFA Nurs- ery/Landscape and Floriculture Contest, Plant Biology and Thompson School Greenhouses, UNH, Durham, NH; for information: Dave Howell at (603) 862-1760. April 29 NHPGA Twi- light Meeting, 5:30 pm at Kathan Gardens, Newport, NH; for information: Dennis Kathan at (603 April 30 Arbor Day! JUNE June 10 Landscape and Turf Field Day, UMass, Amherst; for information: Kathleen Carroll at (413) 545-0895. June 16 NHPGA Twilight Meeting, Michaud's Nurseries & Greenhouses, Exeter, NH; for infonnation: (603) 772-3698. JULY July 14 Connecticut Nurserymen's Association Summer Meeting hosted by Baker Nm-seiy Companies, Brass Rail, Lake Congamond, MA; for information: (203) 872-2095. AUGUST August 3 Massachusetts Nursery- men's Association Summer Meeting: (508) 534-1775. August 5-8 American Association of Nurserymen Convention, Dallas, Texas; for infonnation: (202) 789-2900. August 12 New England Nursery- man's Association Summer Meeting, for information: Virginia Wood at (617) 431-1625. August 18 New Hampshire Plant Growers' Association Summer Meet- ing, Elliott & Williams Roses, Dover, NH; for infonnation: Bob Demers, Jr., at (603) 625-8298. August 18-19 Pennsylvania Landscape and Nursery Trade Show & Confer- ence, ExpoMart, MonroeviUe, PA; for infonnation: (717) 238-1673. August 26 Eighth Bien- nial Griffin Greenhouse and Nursery Supplies Open House, Tewksbury, MA; for information: (508) 851-4346. SEPTEMBER September 22 NHPGA Twilight Meeting, 5:30 pm at Cai-penter's Olde English Greenhouse & Florist, Nevmiarket, NH; for infonnation: Rob Carpenter at (603) 659-3391. September 28-30 International Conference on Thysanoptera, Univer- sity of Vermont, Burlington, VT; for information: Bruce Parker at (802) 658-4453. OCTOBER October 20 NHPGA-sponsored Pesticide Applicator Recertification Program, place to be announced; for information: Chiis Robarge at (603) 862-1074. NOVEMBER November 5-8 Association of Specialty Cut Flower Growers' Sixth National Conference, Doubletree Hotel, Overland Park, Kansas; for infonnation: Alan Stevens at (913) 532-5173. AND LOOKING AHEAD.... January 27-29, 1994 New England Grows, Hynes Convention Center, Boston, MA; for information: (617) 431-1622. Drawing of Chilocorus kuwanae by Dr. John Weaver. See page 23 CONTENTS FROM THE BOARD My Two Cents Bob Demers 3 FORUM 5 NH NEWS 7 ELSEWHERE IN THE NEWS 11 Variegated Plants W.S. Pike 15 Integrated Pest Management Gail D. McWilliam 17 MEMBER PROFILE Spring Ledge Farm 21 A New Biological Control for Euonymus Scale John Weaver 23 EPA's Worker Protection Standard Leo Traverse 25 BOARD MEETING HIGHLIGHTS The Plantsmati is published in early February, April, June, August, October, and December with copy deadlines be- ing the 5th of each prior month. While camera-ready ads are preferred, set-up assistance is available at a nominal fee. Free classified advertising is offered as a member service. We will carry a short message (no artwork or logos) for one or two issues of Vie Plaiilsman. AD SIZE 3 3/8V X 2 3/8"h 3 3/8"w X 4 7/8"h 7"w X 2 3/8"h 7"w X 4 7/8"h 7"w X 10 "h 6x Ix $120 $30 $160 $40 $160 $40 $250 $50 $400 $100 For further information, please contact the editor: Robert Parker at the UNH Research Greenhouses, Durham, NH 03824, (603)862-2061; or PO Box 5, Newfields.NH 03856, (603)778-8353. April 6? May 1993 GRIFFIN GREENHOUSE AND NURSI Our best package deal back again! H O U S© Inflation Buster Pipe Frame; Oki-Pct Base Rail & Insert 1 year film: 4 mil #701 28' x 100' Heating Options Siebring Heater Oil-fired forced hot air One Stage Thermostat Modine Healer Gas-fired forced hot air LP Conversion Kit; One-Stage Thermostat 2-Leg Healer Hanger $2253 $1369 «TnMass: t>M NY: $2792 $2111 518-786-3500 4;: The Mom You Qdw, The More You Know. W-. :'vc been in ihis business a long time. We know our cuslomcr's needs and demands. Ii doscn'i make a difference of Ihc time of year or the size of ihc projeet. Northeast Nursery covers all. With ihe wide.si selection in wholesale plant materials and landscape supplies in ail of New 1-ngland it's no wonder many consider Northeast Nursery tlie best One-Stop shopping for all your landscape and green supplies. (ft' .^Northeast Nursery, Inc. iiifi Fine Plant Material & Landscape Supplies 234 Newbury Street, Rt. 1 South Peabody, MA 01960 Tol. (508) 535-6550 Fax (508) 535-5247 "WHOLESAl Price List Available ROUTE 101 P.O. Box 26 Dublin. N.H. 603-56^-8180 PERENNIAL - HERBS - WILDFLOWERS SO^Varieties .in 6-rell packs UPS Shipping Available Annuals bedding Plants (6 cell pacRs) Zonal Geraniurns-4^ ' pot Hardy Mums in season 3!/2qt.pan Perenials available in 2qt. - 3qt. - 4qt. and 6qt. pots The Flantsman 2 JNot a day goes by where you don't hear about increases — whether it's taxes or the prices of products you use every day. I know the last person you want to hear talk about increases is the president of a non-profit organiza- tion— but here I am. At our Winter Meeting in Janu- ary, the Board and the membership voted to raise the dues. The rea- son we did this — and I hope you'll think it's a good one — is that we want to do more for our members. For the last couple years we've had successful summer meetings. These were designed so that New Hampshire people could meet sales people in a relaxed atmosphere. You can actually see the person you've been placing orders with on the phone all spring. And it's a great way to meet other New Hampshire people as well as get- ting to see the host's operation. At every summer meeting we hold an auction to raise scholarship money. Last year we raised $1500 — we keep none of it — it all goes directly FROM THE BOARD My Two Cents Bob Demers to the students. Another thing we're doing is holding twilight meetings. We have four or five a year. These give you a chance to tour other op- erations and see how other people do things. These are usually held late in the day so they won't inter- rupt your own day too much. The meetings are free, but it costs us to advertise them. I realize our Winter Meeting needs help, but that is something we're working on. With the money from the increased membership dues, we can find the speakers you'll want to hear that were once out of our price range. We had a pesticide recertifica- tion meeting last year that was free to members. We're planning an- other for this October. It's nice to pay for your membership, but it's another thing to pay again for its benefits and seminars. There are other things in the works right now (the people who returned the questionnaire had some good suggestions), and these will be announced when they get further along. Incidentally, in case you're won- dering, the President and Board of Directors do not receive a fee for serving. The hard-working men and women who work with me do it out of the goodness of their hearts. We do it to help you — the member — make your life in the green industry a little easier, more enjoyable, and more profitable. I hope you have a good spring and if you see me at a meeting, don't hesitate to give me your ideas, but — most of all — your two cents. I'm always willing to listen, f* Bob Demers, Jr. along with other members of his family, owns and operates Demers Garden Center, 656 South Mammoth Road, Manchester, NH. He can be reached at (603) 625-8298. Jolly Farmer Products East L«mpster, New Hampshire 03605 WHOLESALE SUPPLIERS Bark Mulch - Hemlock & Mix Bagged Mulch - Codar& Pine Landscape Ties Cut & Split Firewood We are here to fulfill your needs.... Call Toll Free today! New Hampshire: 1-603-863-3311 New England: 1-800-537-0031 WHOLESALE GROWERS • Annual & Perennial Plugs • Rooted Cuttings • Tuberous Begonias • Bedding Plants • Potted Annuals • Hanging Baskets • Cyclamen - Liners, Prefinistied, Rnished • Polnsettlas- Cuttings, Prefinisfied, Rnished Nationwide: 1-800-695-6300 Local: 603-863-3370 'Integrity, quality and reliable service since 1967" April & May 1993 3 ^Vivg, For twelve years. Pleasant View Gardens has built a reputation for quality, service and reliability. Our are healthy and hearty because they're grown in an optimum environment, ana our newly expanded green- house area of 4 aaes enables us to provide greater availability and more varieties. Contact us today about: ■ foliage aops ■ 4" annuals and paks ■ hanging baskets ■ plugs ■ cuttings ■ herbs holiday aops foliage for interior design flowering plants large fobage plants and trees all your planting needs leciscmt^eui 9cnxleiis New England's fastest growing wholesaler! RFD 3, Box 3701, Pittsfield, NH 03263 Tel. (603) 435-8361 Fax (603) 435-6849 © Pleasant View Gardens 1992 ,^,W."8 Yo" To o,^^_^ B.E. SUPPLY GREENHOUSE SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT • pre-filled flats & pots • restricted pesticides • fertilizers • distriburos for Plasti Form & Plasti Vac • distributors for Hyde Park & Sunshine Soils • Kord products • Nu-Form Products • Star Steel Greenhouses 603^835^6930 HEMLOCK ROAD, LANGDON Mailing Address: P.O. Box O, Charlestown, NH The I'Umtsman 4 FORUM OUR MEMBERS SPEAK— The Results of the NHPGA Membership Survey "Do we grow plants or old men?" one member wrote alongside his vote to change our logo. But the intensity of six wasn't enough to challenge the general fondness for our familiar design. This is one fact revealed in the results of the survey sent out with the 1993 membership forms. Only thirty members filled out the form. But these thirty had enough ideas to keep the Board thinking for quite awhile. Below are some highlights. The biggest problem facing New Hampshire horticulture was felt to be regulations in some form or other: pesticide, environmental, mu- nicipal, DOT.. .everyone had their favorites. The problem wasn't nec- essarily the regulations themselves, but that they were too complicated and change so often. As one mem- ber put it, if s "the lack of direction from the regulators themselves. What are we to plan for the next year, the next five years, in terms of rules and regulations?" The second problem mentioned most frequently was "the influx of warehouse-type retailers." The "dumping of inferior plants at unre- alistic prices," concern with volume rather than customer satisfaction — members saw mass-marketers and their techniques as real threats to small growers and garden centers. There seemed to be no strong third theme — ^just lots of individual concerns — everything from supply costs to plastic disposal to "remem bering that consumers are ready for new products and ideas." What members seemed to want most from the NHPGA was more information — they asked for "more regular and informative seminars," more technical information (on all sorts of subjects) , and more on marketing and marketing trends. They asked for grower-to-grower (dividing growers into smaller groups according to their interests) sessions at our summer and winter meetings and strong keynote speakers. They asked for information about upcoming laws and suggested that the NHPGA lobby the state legisla- ture. And that we "need to commu- nicate more with other organiza- tions—FB or ANN or NENA— so we can react better to legislative changes and additions." There were plenty of ideas for The Plantsman — more information on "new varieties and cultivars," "trends," and "alternate ways of doing things;" also "more informa- tion for landscapers." "How-to sec- tions, handy hints, ideas from mem- bers, ideas on crop culture...." were requested. One member wanted "more seed company ads and a mailing card that you could send to get more information;" another suggested beginning a "stock ex- change" (plant stock) by expanding on the classified ad section. These are a just a few of the many good suggestions. The Board thanks everyone who took the time to respond. It is hoped that members' concerns will define the activities of the organization. Thanks Go To.... Thanks go to the various businesses and people who helped with the NHPGA display at this year's Farm & Forest Exposition. These include Chris Robarge and Bob Demers, Jr., who set up and took down the ex- hibit; Demers Garden Center and Paul Godbout Qacques' Flower Shop), who furnished the plant material; and Dick Zoerb and Roger Warren, who helped man the booth. .^ WELCOME, NEW MEMBERS... Gordon & Powers Insurance 490 South Main Street Manchester, NH 03102 Hall's Greenhouse & Nursery RR 2, Box 80, Lisbon Road Littleton, NH 03561 Lloyd Hayner Uniroyal Chemical 3106 Hearthstone Road Endicott City, MD 21042 Dan Hock Merrimack Flower Shop & Greenhouse PO Box 131 Merrimack, NH 03054 Betsy Hoffman Hayden Hillsgrove Stone Masonry HCR 61, Box 30 North Sandwich, NH 03259 Cynthia Smerdon 114 Chester Road Raymond, NH 03077 Smithers-Oasis USA 919 Marvin Avenue Kent, Ohio 44240 Webber's Dublin Nursery PO Box 26, Route 101 Dublin, NH 03444 ...AND NEW ADVERTISERS. Webber's Dublin Nursery PO Box 26, Route 101 Dublin, NH 03444 April (Sf May 1993 Newton Greenhouse 32 Amesbuiy Road, Newton, NH 03858 603-382-5289 Quality Plants green and flowering from 2 1/2" to 10" pots Holiday, bedding plants, & dish gardens yeai" round cut snaps, pot mums, Gloxinias and African violets Licensed propagator of Mikkelsen & Ecke New Guinea Impatiens "The Qeranium Specialists" Wholesale Growers 2 1/2" Geraniums (year round) 4" Pre-finished Geraniums 2 1/2" Ivy Geraniums & Fuchsia Martha Washington Geraniums Spring Hanging Baskets, Lilies/Bulbs Azaleas, Cyclamen, Poinsettias, Foliage JOHN B. CARPENTER, President ROBERT ]. CARPENTER, General Manager 603/659-3391 220 SOUTH MAIN STREET NEWMARKET, NH 03857 L^RCH/1/lONr IRRIGATION / SNOWMAKING in Manchester, NH Providing ail your irrigation needs. Design Services also available. ISOZacharyRd. Unit «3 Manchester, N.H. 03101 (603) 622-8825 mMVVWW 1-800-558-9888 IN NH ONLY PRODUCTS COMPANY Lawn & Garden Limestone Decorative Landscape Stone White Playsand Robert F. Myers 28 Horseshoe Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 (800) 541-9127 The Plannman 6 NEW HAMPSHIRE NEWS Meetings Past. Winter Meeting. In spite of overwrought weather forecasts and some early morning squalls, over 50 people attended The New Hampshire Plant Grow- ers' Association Winter Meeting at the Granite Street Bar & Grill on January 13. At the annual business meeting, reports were presented, officers elected, and new business attended to (dues were raised to $35.00 a year, beginning in 1994). Although the theme of the day was 'Color in the Garden,' some black-and-white topics were pre- sented as well. Tina Sawtelle (Sawtelle Marketing Associates) be- gan the program by discussing de- signing a logo that works and — if you have a logo you like, how to use it effectively. And just before lunch. Bill Martin (Southern NE Farm Credit) gave procedures for a "fifteen-minute grower's analysis" — a number of ways to use the fig- ures in your financial records to in- terpret the health of your business. But in between, there was lots of color in Mike Murgiano's (Sluis & Groot) presentation of new and col- orful annuals — new trends and cus- tomers' favorites. At lunch, after UNH Plant Biol- ogy Chairman Curt Givan thanked the Plant Growers for their contin- ued generosity to horticulture stu- dents at UNH, Bob Demers, Jr., presented this year's NHPGA schol- arships to Madeleine Duhamel (Thompson School) and Jobriab Anderson (Plant Biology). In the afternoon, Dick Zoerb (Fred C. Gloeckner Co., Inc.) gave a tour of the colorful — although rainy — Ameriflora Exhibition in Co- lumbus, Ohio, and Peter van Berkum (van Berkum Nursery) gave another colorful tour — this one of perennials — focusing on less- used varieties that grow well in New Hampshire's climate and soils. For members wanting still more color, Wayne Winterrowd (North Hill Garden Design Associates, Readsboro, VD spoke to the NHLA that evening in the same room and NHPGA members were invited to attend. Thank you, all speakers and or- ganizers. It was a full day. With lots of color. Twilight Meeting- Pleasant View Gardens. The following week, on Thursday, January 21, Pleasant View Gardens, Pittsfield, invited members to tour their recently-built 25,000 square- foot Nexus gutter-connected house. Over 50 people came to see the en- vironmentally computer-controlled house already filled with its first crop of Fischer geraniums. The Huntingtons were pleased with the response and thank every- one for coming. ...and Meetings Future Summer Meeting. The New Hampshire Plant Grow- ers' Association will hold their 1993 Summer Meeting at Elliott and Wil- liams Roses, Inc., in Dover, New Hampshire on August 18. The meeting will be lighter, more social, a place where you can bring the family. The tentative schedule includes tours, a featured speaker, and a strong trade show in the morning, and in the afternoon, lunch, the auction, and an opportunity to visit some of the highlights — gardening and otherwise — of the seacoasL The Board will give members a list of the best, along with a map. The rest of the day — and evening — is yours. The traditional tailgate trade show and scholarship auction are expected to be "bigger and better than ever." Peter Callioras of The Auction Professionals, Inc., will again be the auctioneer, so the auc- tion should not only raise scholar- ship funds, but be great entertain- ment as well. Perillo's will cater the lunch — barbecued chicken, hot dogs, ham- burgers, hot sausage grinders, po- tato salad, com-on-the-cob, potato chips and all the fixings and water- melon for dessert. (The price is $6.50 for children 12 and under.) Pre-registration will be $25; reg- istration at the door is $30. More information will be in the June/July issue. New Products— New^ Hampshire Pleasant View Gardens, Pittsfield, NH, has joined with EuroAnmerican Propagators (Encinitas, CA), Four Star Green- houses (Carleton, MI), Kientzler Young Plants (Gensingen, Ger- many), and Weidners' (also of Encinitas, CA) , and other growers from Europe, Australia, and Japan to form 'Proven Winners.' "The Proven Winners for 1993 will be in- troducing outstanding new varieties to the USA that are already popular and proven in Europe. These include: Brachycome 'Ultra.' Compact, easy to grow, with tight foliage and large, deep-blue, numerous flowers. (3-4 cuttings per basket, 10-14 weeks to finish.) Dianthus caryophyllus 'Sweetheart Cascade.' (the German name: 'Tiroler Gebirgshangenelke.') An improved basket carnation similar to 'Flame,' producing numerous deep-red fragrant blooms on both upright and trailing stems 9-12 inches long. (3-4 cuttings per 10 inch basket; 13-16 weeks to finish.) Helichrysum hracteatum 'Golden Beauty.' Compact and trailing, it is a perennial 'strawflower,' with golden-yellow blossoms with glossy petals coarse to the touch and soft velvety centers. A good plant for warm sunny areas, under the right conditions, it can flower year-round. (34 cuttings per 10 inch basket, 10- 14 weeks to finish.) Scaevola 'Blue Wonder.' A pro- fuse bloomer and heat tolerant, while not new to the trade, it's part of the new Proven Winners line. (3 to 4 cuttings per 10-inch basket, 10- 14 weeks to finish.) For information, contact Henry Huntington at (603) 435-8361. April & May 1993 NEW HAMPSHIRE NEWS Symbol Moves Toward Approval The Boards of both the New Hamp- shire Plant Growers' Association and the New Hampshire Landscape Association have seen and approved the proposed symbol to be used on an official state directional sign for nurseries, greenhouses and garden centers. Both organizations have sent let- ters endorsing the symbol to Dave Seavey, Extension Educator, Merrimack County. Dave will for- ward these letters, along with all the necessary information, to the State Department of Transportation. The symbol can be approved at that level. There is no need for its approval by the legislature. Changes.... More than rumor, but not yet fact, rule changes may be coming to New Hampshire's Pesticide Applica- tor Recertification Program. Propos- als currently being discussed by the NH Pesticide Board include eliminating credit classification: in other words, there would be no core credits and credits in any area — small fruits, nursery, what- ever— could be used toward recerti- fication. But 15 credits— rather than the current 12 — would be required. Other changes include cutting ap- proval time for recertification lec- tures from the present 45 days to 30. Also, the Division of Pesticide Control would keep track of credits (you would send slips verifying at- tendance to them once a year along with your yearly renewal applica- tion). There may be a public hearing this May; any changes wouldn't take place until 1994. New NHLA Officers The New Hampshire Landscape As- sociation elected their 1993 officers and board at their January 13 meet- ing. These are: President: Chuck Simpson (Simpson Landscaping Co., Dublin, NH); Vice-President Ed Hopkins (A Tree Health Co., Inc., DBA Urban Tree Service, Rochester, NH); Secretary /Trea- surer: Rick Martineau (Dover, NH); Director/Past President: Dave Alessandroni (Carroll County Land- scape, Wolfboro, NH); and Direc- tors: Elizabeth Boot (Londonderry, NH); Herb Rice (Gilmanton Iron Works, NH); and Chris Beasley (Juckahoe Turf, Canton, MA). Guy Hodgdon (Eliot, ME) and Carolyn Meehan (Meehan Design, Westmoreland, NH) continue as Business Manager and Newsletter Editor, respectively. The NHLA business office num- ber is 1-800-639-5601. Farm & Forest— A Successful Tenth In spite of the cold. The Tenth An- nual Farm & Forest Exposition held in Manchester on February 4-6 was a success. Attendance in general was down, but the meetings — of Fruit Growers, Beef Producers, Deer Farmers, Organic Farmers, Small Fruits and Vegetable Growers, the NH Horse Council — were all well at- tended. Over 80 businesses and or- ganizations exhibited. And this year's auction was "a huge success." Governor Merrill attended Friday's Awards Breakfast, then stayed afterwards to chat awhile with the people there. Awards given at the breakfast in- cluded the Andrew L Felker Award (for promotion and development of NH agriculture), given to David and Edwina Morrill of Penacook; the Fred E. Beane Award (for agricul- tural reporting) , to Al Nettel of the Union Leader, The New Hampshire Master Shepherd Award, to Dick and Betty Persons of Ramblin Vewe Farm, Gilford, and their shepherd, Jeff Keyser; the New Hampshire Tree Farmer of the Year Award, to Raymond Glinnes of Canterbury; and the New Hampshire Wildlife Stew- ardship Award, given to John Wolter of East Haverill. Congratulations. Now — on to Number Eleven. Fact Sheet Available Low Maintenance Turfgrass for Landscapes and Commercial Agri- culture, a five-page fact sheet writ- ten by David Seavey, UNH, Merrimack County Extension Edu- cator, Agricultural Resources, and John Roberts, UNH Extension Spe- cialist, Turf, is now available. Feeling that, although turfgrasses provide many economic and environmental benefits, their maintenance costs can be relatively high, UNH Cooperative Extension planted and evaluated several turfgrass varieties in recreational, landscape, and farm settings. They chose types that perform well with less water, fertilizer, mowing, and pesticides. John and Dave wrote about their research in progress in an article in the December 1991/January 1992 The Plantsman. This new fact sheet gives some of their conclusions in the form of practical information for people who want to grow these grasses on parking lots, for ex- ample, or as a way to control in- sects near greenhouses. Those interested in obtaining a copy should contact their county Extension office. In the Legislature Two bills of interest are: House Bill 119-FN-LOCAL, introduced by Rep. M. Campbell of Rock 26. "This bill gives exclusive authority over the use, regulation, sale, or transportation of pesticides to the Division of Pesticide Control, Department of Agriculture." It has been "re-referred to subcommittee." House Bill No. 252-FN-LOCAL. introduced by Rep. Teschner of Graf 4; Rep Ham of Graf 4; Sen. Cohen of Dist 24. "This bill aOows the wetlands board to adopt rules to expedite the permitting process for minimum impact projects in for- estry, agriculture, and recreation and town road maintenance. An expedited permit would not be available for subdivisions, commer- cial development, or new road con- struction." This passed the house on February 23. •'• The Flanisman Pa^es 20-31, , Perennial Information For Your Customers! #, VAN Berkum Nursery (603) 463-7663 F m •Poinsettias 'Annuals 'Perenials mm ^nmw Wholesalers & Retailers J ©M^ 'Potted Plants 'Seasonal Crops 'Supplies Visit our 12 Greenhouses & Garden Center Clarennont Hill, Newport, New Hampshire (603)863-1089 OPEN YEAR ROUND April & May 1993 9 EXC-CEL TOLL FREE 1-800-476-7544 EXC-CEL* • GREENHOUSES MANUFACTURERS P.O. BOX 1 005 GREENWOOD, SC 29648 NEW LOW PRICES! Effective January 1 , 1 993 28' X 96' TOTAL PACKAGE 5,888 GREENHOUSES FRAMES siD895^ Compare our prices and quality (item for item) 28' X 48' 13 l^/g" galvanized steel bows 19 144' P/g" galvanized steel purlins 216' 26 side purlin holders 38 13 top purlin holders 19 26 2" X 24" anchor stakes 38 3 cross truss braces 5 4 comer wind braces 4 1 1 00,000 BTU gas heater (LP) 1 1 heater hanger bracket 1 2 18" Circulation Fans 4 2 36" exhaust fans & shutters 2 2 42" exhaust shutters & elec. mts. 2 2 thermostats 2 2 6 mil poly film layers, top 2 2 6 mil poly film layers, ends 2 1 inflation blower 1 1 hardware assembly kit 1 500' batten tack tape 500' $3995.00 Mr. Buyer ^mma^mim^m^^m^m^^^^^m^^^^m^ with our competitor and then you be the judge 28' X 72' l^/g" galvanized steel bows 25 P/g" galvanized steel purlins 300' side purlin holders 50 top purlin holders 25 2" X 24" anchor stakes 50 cross truss braces 1 1 comer wind braces 4 1 50,000 BTU gas heater (LP) 1 heater hanger bracket 1 18" Circulation Fans 4 36" exhaust fans & shutters 3 42" exhaust shutters & elec. mts. 2 thermostats 2 6 mil poly film layers, top 2 6 mil poly film layers, ends 2 inflation blower 1 hardware assembly kit 1 batten tack tape 500' $4995.00 28' X 96' l^/g" galvanized steel bows P/g" galvanized steel purlins side purlin holders top purlin holders 2" X 24" anchor stakes cross truss braces comer wind braces 200,00 BTU gas heater (LP) heater hanger bracket 18" Circulation Fans 36" exhaust fans & shutters 42" exhaust shutters & elec. mts. thermostats 6 mil poly film layers, top 6 mil poly film layers, ends infiation blower hardware assembly kit batten tack tape $5888.00 28' X 48' EXC-CEL® GREENHOUSES FRAMES 1 3 1 Vs" galvanized steel lx)ws 144' P/g" steel purlins 26 side purlin holders 13 top purlin holders 26 2" X 24" anchor stakes 4 comer wind braces 1 hardware assembly kit $1395.00 28' X 72' 19 I'/g" galvanized steel bows 216' P/g" steel purlins 38 side purlin holders 19 top purlin holders 2" X 24" anchor stakes comer wind braces hardware assembly kit $1495.00 28' X 96' Vg" galvanized steel bows |3/g"steel purlins 25 300' 50 side purlin holders top purlin holders 2" X 24" anchor stakes comer wind braces hardware assembly kit $1595.00 The Pifl7itsjn(in 10 ELSEWHERE IN THE NEWS Projects Funded Sixteen proposed funding projects were presented to the 1993 New England Greenhouse Conference Committee. Of those, seven were awarded full funding and four, partial. A total of $15,391.10 was given. Projects receiving money are: "Biological Control of WF Thrips, Using a Phytoseiid Mite and a Predaceous Bug," proposed by P. Stack and F. Drummond, Univer- sity of Maine (full funding of $2000); "High Tunnel Outdoor Cut Flower Production," proposed by C. Williams, University of New Hampshire (full funding of TIPS Front the Griffin Guru It*s Time to Blow Your Horn Let's hear it for local growers! And we have. On TV, in the pa- per, in magazines. Just recently, an informative article in Yankee Magazine talked about trial gardens right here in New England. A Boston newspa- per published a story about the product of a local grower being named for the President's wife and another about a local rose grower being hurt by imports. And on TV— the same story from yet another rose grower and a special from a noted host of a cooking show who was shopping at a local farm stand. Did you ever think that you might have a story about your crops or products that would in- terest the local media? Call 'em up, invite 'em down, show 'em around, give 'em a plant — then sit back and wait. $1891.10); The 1993 International Conference on Thysanoptera, pro- posed by B. Parker, University of Vermont (partial funding of $500); Career Brochure and Related Materi- als, proposed by D. Pellet, Vermont Plantsmen's Association (partial fund- ing of $1000); "Herbaceous Perennial Research," proposed by L. Perry, UVM (partial funding of $1500); "Professional Horticulture Garden Center Training," L. Perry, at UVM, UNH, U Maine (partial funding of $1000); "Nutrition of Subirrigated New Guinea Impatiens," proposed by D. Cox, University of Massachusetts (full funding of $1500); Computer Hardware and Software, proposed by P. Konjoian, Konjoian's Greenhouse, MA (full funding of $2000); "Effects of Nitrogen Source and pH on Fusarium Wilt of Basil," proposed by R. Wick, UMass (full funding of $2000); "Cut Flower Production of Field-Grown Herbaceous Perennials," proposed by M. Bridgen, University of Connecticut (full funding of $2000); and "pH Adjustment in Soil- less Media," proposed by G. Eliot, UConn (full funding of $2000). Congratulations to the recipients and thanks to the New England Greenhouse Conference for its generous support of the New England greenhouse industry. Griffin Grows... On February 23, Griffin Greenhouse and Nursery Supplies announced the opening of two new locations in Maine and Connecticut. "In Maine, a merger with the greenhouse and nursery supply divi- sion of DownEast Supplies created the new facility in Portland. In Con- necticut, the new warehouse and office in Wallingford is at the previ- ous site of Slater Supply Co., which closed its doors in Connecticut ear- lier this year." These additions will enable Grif- fins to make weekly deliveries throughout Maine and Connecticut; "New staff members add their exper- tise and help spread Griffin's full net- work of educational information and services further than they have ever reached before." We wish Griffin success in their new and expanded enterprise. ...and Griffin Parties Along with this. Griffin also announces its Seventh Biennial Open House, to be held on Thurs- day, August 26, at 1619 Main Street, Tewksbury, MA The over sixty-five exhibitors will include representatives from such firms as X.S. Smith, Nexus, Acme, Dillen, and Grace/Sierra. The program of speakers will be designed to give pesticide credits as well as plenty of useful infor- mation. (Speakers have yet to be announced.) Lunch and refresh- ments are being provided by Griffin. The event will be held nine to four, rain or shine. For informa- tion, call (508) 851-4346. More Mergers On February 1, 1993, Commerce Distributors, Inc., Linthicum, MD, and Darbco, Inc., Providence , RI, announced their merger, "which will enable us to better serve our customers in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast" Darbco will continue business operations under the name Commerce Distributors, Inc. t/a Darbco. All future ship- ments to Darbco will be sent to their new facility at 25 Almeida Avenue, East Providence, RI 02914. All accounting functions will be handled by Commerce Distribu- tors, Inc., 700 Evelyn Avenue, Linthicum, MD 21090. And on February 9, biosys, of Palo Alto, California, announced the signing of a letter of intent to purchase Agrisense, based in Fresno. Agrisense was formed in 1988 as a joint venture between subsidiaries of Phillips Petroleum (Provesta Corporation) and Dow Corning to commercialize insect detection, monitoring traps, and other biological control technolo- gies. These include Phillips' pheromone synthesis technology, which disrupts the mating behav- ior of insect pests, and Dov/s mi- April & May 1993 11 Mery competitively priced 5 great soils to choose from 2 & 3 cuBic foot bags, big Bags (32 c.f.) & truck loads available NUTRIPEAT Natural Growing Mixes by VERMONT NATURAL AG PRODUCTS INC. Call today for a free brochure & sample 802-388-0156 Ask for Don j<><^^''OuT goal, quality Our strength, our employees" FOR A GREENHOUSE VEFJNJTLV VIFFERENT CONTACT: ELLIS B.SPRAGUE OWm, MAINE TEL: 207-866-4747 FAX: 207-866-4747 HfiRnOIS NORTHERN NURSERIES WHOLESALE HORTICULTURAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERS U.S. Route 5, White River Junction, VT 05001 16 Pinkham Road West, Barrington, Nh 03825 A SER VING THE PROFESSIONAL WITH ABOVE GROUND PLANT MATERIAL Distributors in the following lines: • Lofts Seeds • Birchmeier Sprayers • DeWitt Weed Barrier . Lebanon Turf Fertilizers • Corona Hand Tools , Mulch & Grow Hydroseeding Fiber • Earthway Spreaders • Nursery & Landscape SuppUes ^ __ Contact: Jim Babb, Mgr., White River Junction, VT, (802) 295-2117 Bob Averell, Mgr., Barrington, NH, (603) 868-7172 GOOD SERVICE • DEPENDABLE QUAUTT' CONVENIENT LOCATION The Plantsman 12 ELSEWHERE IN THE NEWS cro encapsulation/ slow release technology developed for phero- mone trap and lure applications, biosys is a developer of biological pesticide products. The acquisition was expected to be completed by mid-March and in- cludes the Agrisense European sub- sidiary, Biological Control Systems. Seedless Cucumber Resists Powdery Mildew (from Greenhouse Manager, February, 1993) Leen de Mos B.V. in Gravenzande, the Netherlands, has developed a powdery mildew-tolerant green- house cucumber suitable for early cropping under low-light conditions without suffering necrosis or dimin- ished production. Marketed as 'Flamingo,' the F-1 hybrid seedless cucumber is a strong grower, producing an early yield and a continuous crop. The fruits have a long shelf life. For more: Leen de Mos B.V., PO Box 54, 2690 ABS, Gravenzande, the Netherlands; (31) 1748- Thrips Research at UVM (from GrowerTalks, March 1993) As University of Vermont entomolo- gists searched for methods to control the pear thrips decimating New England's maple sugar groves in the late 1980s, they unearthed some pos- sibilities on the forest floor. Soil un- derneath the maple trees contained pink thrips larvae as well as white thrips mummies, suggesting fugal parasitism. Entomologists Bruce Parker and Margaret Skinner isolated the causal fungus and had it identi- fied as Verticillium lecanii — a fungus which has been marketed in Europe as a whitefly and aphid control and which also infects thrips. Bruce, Margaret, and insect pa- thologist Michael Brownbridge are now testing Verticillium lecanii and three other fungal isolates from the forest floor as potential controls for three greenhouse pests: western flower thrips, sweet potato white fly, and green peach aphid. Their work is partially funded by the American Floral Endowment, Ohio Florists Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Testing involves raising the pests in even-aged populations on bean leaves. (A standard age is important in determining life stage susceptibility.) Michael is produc- ing the fungal innoculants on artifi- cial media, screening them to identify effective strains and expos- ing the insects to different concen- trations. He's also testing fungal longevity in different potting soils. The University of Vermont in Bur- lington is also the site of the In- ternational Conference on Thysan- optera, September 28-30. Sessions will focus on the biology, distribu- tion, population dynamics, ecology, and management of thrips. For more information, contact Bruce Parker at (802) 658-4453. i*- Hardy Northern-Grown Planting Stock A PARTIAL USTING BARE-ROOT STOCK PLUG STOCK Minimum Order: $100 and 100 of one size and variety. Minimum Order 4 trays (2 ofsawe variety) 1 1 100- 250 500 2-6 STRAYS SPECIES AGE SIZE 249 499 &UP SPECIES AGE SIZE TRAYS & UP AUSTRIAN PINE 2-1 4-8- .90 .63 45 AUSTRIAN PINE P2 3-5- .57 37 2-0 3-6' .24 17 12 EASTERN WHITE PINE P2 4-7' 57 .37 EASTERN WHITE PINE 2-2 9-15* 1.20 84 60 JAPANESE BLACK PINE P2 4-8' 57 ,37 MUGHO PINE (Pumlllo) 3-0 2-3 2-2 9-15- 5-8- 3-6* .40 1.30 1.20 28 91 84 20 65 ,60 MUGHO PINE ■ Pumlllo P2 3-5' FRASER FIR P2 4-7- 57 .37 57 .37 3-0 3-6' .34 24 17 COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE P2 4-7- 55 35 RED PINE 2-2 9-15- 1.10 .77 ,55 BLACK HILLS SPRUCE P2 5-10* ,57 ,37 CONCOLOR fIR 2-2 9-15- 2.10 1.45 105 NORWAY SPRUCE P2 5-10- 57 ,35 2-2 6-12' 2,00 1.40 100 WHITE SPRUCE P2 5-10- ,57 ,37 FRASER FIR 3-2 9-15- 1.20 84 60 SERBIAN SPRUCE P2 S-IQ- 57 37 3-0 6-10- ,40 28 .20 CANADIAN HEMLOCK P2 3-7' 57 .37 BLACK HILLS SPRUCE 2-2 6-12- 1.20 84 -60 3-0 6-12- 40 28 20 Container-grown seedlings come in trays of 67 covities each and 11 BLACK SPRUCE 3-0 12-18- .20 .14 10 are shipped either m 2 or 4 troy boxes Therefore, we request that 1 1 COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE 2-2 9-15- 1.30 91 65 you order on even number of troys. There is a container deposit of 1 2-0 6-9- 24 .17 12 33,35 per tray which is refundable upon return of the containers in | NORWAY SPRUCE 2-2 12-18- 1.16 81 58 good condition within 60 days at the expense of the purchaser WHITE SPRUCE 2-0 2-2 3-0 6-12- .24 .17 12 Call 1-800-447-4745 ( FAX 1 -207-935-2043) 12-18- '40 28 20 to recewe our complete Wholesale Trade List 2-0 6-9- .24 17 ,12 ^^^k 4Hi^ ^ AMERICAN ARBORVITAE 2-2 3-0 9-15- 6-9- 1,20 .34 84 24 .60 17 ^Stestern CANADIAN HEMLOCK JAPANESE LARCH 2-2 2-0 9-15- 9-15- 1.40 ,20 ,70 14 DEEP-ROOTED QUAUTY SINCE 1923 Box 250, One Evergreen Dr., Fryoburg. ME 04037 April & May 1993 13 Think Spring! nS. COLE Growers! Your Intpatiens Source 240 North Village Road, Loudon, NH 03301 (603) 783-9561 Fax (603) 783-9562 Let Rough Brothers' expertise turn your greenhouse into a powerhouse— for profits. Call the experts at Rough Brothers for information and technical assistance on these quality products Manufacturers of: • WhiteHouse • The International • Harvest House • The "2100" gutter-connected house • Free-standing poly arch houses • Techlite glazing • Ro-Flo benches • Ebb & Flo benches Distributors of • Alcoa Alunninum Fin Heating • Heating and ventilating equipment • Maintenance supplies, glass, parts ...and more Rough Brothers Box 16010, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211 rrrr^ ROUGH BROTHERS I « 1-800/543-7351 P.O. • TOP LINE TURF SEEDS • QUALITY GRANULAR GMF FERTIUZER • CUSTOM MIXING - OUR SPECIALITY • DOLOMITIC LIME • DELIVERY THROUGHOUT NEW ENGLAND IM NE 800-624-2952 l« VT 800-244-4628 FAX 802-893-2194 Grow with the Best L.D INC OLIVER SEED CO. P. O. BOX 156 MILTON, VERMONT 05468 I WAGEMAN INSURANCE TEAM UP TO PROVIDE HEALTH INSURANCE FOR YOU AND YOUR Family If you are in the plant growing business YOU QUALIFY for the best health plan anywhere. The cost is low and the benefits are rij^L Call us for a quote 1-800439-2451 or (603)623-2451 The Fkmtsman 14 Variegated Plants When the flowers are gone — the disphy of leaf color remains . W.S. Pike Variegated plants are those which have either definite patterns of cream or white in their leaves and those which display irregular splashes. The lack of chlorophyll in areas of the leaf is what the eye see as the color — when actually the white is a lack of color. International culture of variegated plants is somewhat recent in horticulture. Not that they have ever been absent, but nurserymen discovering a variegated "sport" would promptly pinch it off to be discarded in the compost bin, considering it as weak plant tissue. The feeling that it is weak tissue is still a true fact Less chlorophyll in the leaf surface means less food production for the welfare of the entire plant- — not good engineering for the survival of the species. Variegated "sports" found on an otherwise solid green plant are at a disadvantage. Slower growing, they can soon be "shadowed" by the faster growing solid leaves, giving the less light to grow by. Unchecked, many of these "sports" would soon die out Because a market has been created for "new" plants, the variegated "sports" are removed from the parent plant, rooted, and grow to be an entirely variegated specimen. Variegations can be a result of genetic structure, or the harboring of a "friendly" virus in the one little area of the plant — the "sport " — that causes the lack of chlorophyll. When these are found, they are selected for propagation. The cutting is usually taken above the first set of patterned leaves, thus trying to eliminate any solid ones. This is especially true in perennials that die back to the roots in winter. If rooted in the solid green area, the chance of variegated foliage return- ing in the spring is next to nothing. With all variegated plants, care must be given to examine them every once in a while. 'These plants are not really "normal" and solid green shoots may appear, which are by nature much stronger and faster growing and can soon overtake the slower, weaker variegated growth. Thus, pruning is essential if the leave do revert Temperature or sun intensity can regulate the color degree in some varieties of variegated plants, showing patterns only in the cooler weather of spring and fall. Being sensitive to the extreme heat of summer, the varieties turn solid green, and blend in with every other plant in the garden. In the cooler fall, the color returns. Variegated plant scan be displayed as focal specimens — a clump in the center of many different varieties of solid green plants creates a visual point When the sun light is shining on the white or cream leaves, it acts like a spotlight reflecting on the color — your eye is naturally drawn to this center point Small clumps are not the only way to display variegated plants. Many forms of ground cover with 'colored' leaves can easily grown, creating a spectacular effect Species can be April & found for either full light, deep shade, or both. Hardy ivies are one example. Propagated with ease they spread rapidly and give a wonderful display in almost any location. Variegated pachysandra, an ideal ground cover for partial shade, keeps its leaves all year long, More interesting to the eye than the usual waxy green-variety, this is an excellent choice for area where grass tends not to grow well, or on an embankment that is too steep to mow. These ground covers and many more can be found at very reasonable prices in almost every nursery-catalogue. Several speciality greenhouses in the country deal almost entirely in variegated varieties of plants. One of which is Glasshouse Works, located on Church St in Stewart, Ohio 45778. Almost every form of tropical, herbal, and perennial plant can be found there in its variegated form — if it can be found at all. The owners there are very knowledgeable and helpful in aiding the customer with proper selection and culture of their thousands of varieties — every one with its proper botanical name. Remembering that variegated leaves are weaker than their corresponding solid ones, some varieties must be grown in brighter light to maintain strong growth, while other varieties need more shade than their solid green counterpart to prevent the sun from burning the white or cream areas. An example is the variegated strawberry (Fragaria vesca) . Preferring slight shade during the heat of July and August tiie healthiest plants (which spread by runners) can be found in the shadows of taller shrubs during those montiis. Species like the variegated forsythia (Forsythia intermedia 'Spring Glory') or butterfly bush {Buddleia davidii varig.) show their most vigorous growth performance in full south- em exposure. If planted in heavy shade, the variegated foliage will be pale and spindly. The most useful purpose of variegated plants is that they make spectacular showings for the entire season. Common shrubs like the butterfly bush and forsythia, that have beautiful but all-too-brief displays of flowers; or the nonde- script-flowering, fast-growing "Memorial Rose" {Rosa wichuraiana) , when in its non-colored leaf form is descrip- tively a weed, can be highly utilized in landscaping for continual garden color. Should you be ever so fortunate to find a variegated "sport" on an otiierwise solid green plant think twice about what could be "a new introduction". ••* Wilson Pike gardens in Durham, NH and is partial to plants with variegated foliage. For particulars, call him at (603) 659-3597. May 1993 PRUNERS LADDERS FORKLIFTS PUMPS ROUTE 116, P.O. BOX 540 CONWAY, MA 01341 413-369-4335 For Friendly, Courteous, Efficent, Technical Service CALL US AT 1-800-634-5557 FOR INFORMATION AND CATALOGS HOSE > TANKS ■ REELS ■ MOWERS ■ SAFETY EQUIPMENT Laughton*s Garden Center Inc. Cal Laughlon, Florist MIIPQPRY QTnrk- • AMMIIAI Q CHARLES LAUGHTON - PRESIDENT NUHbbHY blUUK • ANNUALb dave polygreen NURSERY sales PERENNIALS FERTILIZERS • INSECTICIDES Distributors of Sentinel Foam Overwinter Blankets WHOLESALE AND RETAIL NURSERY Tel. 1-800-633-0159 155-165 Princeton Blvd. No. Chelmsford, MA 01863 LAUGHTONS FOR QUALITY SOD AND SERVICE ROUTE 3A LITCHFIELD, NH 1-800-556-6985 nxhM DISTRIBUTOR • Big Rolls with Roll-out Service • Convenient Farm Pick-up • Prompt Delivery Sen/ice MICHAUD Nurseries & Greenhouses, Inc. %^, ij) Route 85 — PO Box J34 ~ Exeter. MH 03833 i (603) 772-3698 Wholesale & Retail Nursery Annuals, Perennials. Mursery Stock. Landscape Supplies The Plant 16 Integrated Pest Management POTENTIAL FOR GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION GAIL D. MCWILLIAM The concept of dealing with pests has changed over the years. Today we more commonly manage pests at tolerable levels, rather than eradicate them. This concept is called Integrated Pest Management, or IPM. IPM, as the name implies, is a system of managing pests with a variety of different methods including cultural, biological and ^H chemical. The emphasis is on procedures that are environmentally compatible, economically feasible and socially acceptable. The components of an IPM system can be grouped into four major steps: 1) Prevent pest build up. Practices are implemented before a full-blown pest problem develops. Once pest populations explode, they are very difficult to control, even with chemical pesticides. 2) Monitor pests. Monitoring means regular checking and early detection of pests and determining if any natural controls Cmsect predators, etc.) are present 3) Assess pest situation. Determine the potential for pest populations to reach intolerable levels. 4) Determine best action to take. Decide what, if any, is the best course of action in this situation. Chemicals are always a last resort. In New Hampshire, IPM practices have been used histori- ^H cally and most successfully in apple production. New Hampshire apple growers have been able to dramatically reduce pesticide use in their orchards over the last 15 to 20 years, while maintaining quality product This success has led to research in IPM methods for other areas of crop production. A New Hampshire Extension IPM team has recently been established to coordmate IPM research projects in other crop commodity areas. The team has identified a number of potential projects, including some involving greenhouse production. If funding for IPM projects is approved, pilot projects may be implemented by the team NON-CHEMICAL PEST MANAGEMENT OPTIONS INCLUDE: CULTURAL COI^ROLS practices that disrupt the environment of the pest such as crop rotation, equipment sanitation, etc. BIOLOGICAL COrJTROLS using natural enemies to control pests like insect predators, species-specific diseases, etc. PHYSICAL BARRIERS Materials \\k6 netting or plant covering that physically prevent pests from reaching the plants PHEROMONES TRAPS Pheromones are natural Insect scents that can be used to confuse Insects, lure them Into traps, or away from crops. In addition to pheromone traps, color-cued traps are also effective. INDICATOR PLANTS, TRAP CROPS: Indicator plants are plants that are more attractive to pests than the main crop. Placed among the main crop these are monitored for signs of infestations. Trap crops are similar to Indicator plants, but they have been treated with a pesticide. PEST-RESISTANT VARIETIES: Plant crop varieties that have shown resistance to damage by certain insects and diseases. this year. Major areas of interest are whitefly and disease management in poinsettia production. An initial project may focus on this topic. Stay tuned! IPM has been a key interest of a number of greenhouse operators, but concern about risks to a high value crop has prevented many from adopting these BB practices. A recent IPM demonstra- ^™ tion conducted by UNH Cooperative Extension, Merrimack County, focused on whitefly management in a greenhouse at the Merrimack County Jail. The project looked specifically at whitefly management on tomatoes. Emphasis was on biological control with timely release of Encarsia fomwsa, a tiny parasitic wasp that attacks whiteflies. Whitefly popula- tions were monitored weekly with sticky traps placed throughout the greenhouse. Encarsia releases were made at regular intervals and no pesticides were used during the growing season. The combination of careful monitoring and biological control were found to be effective in manag- ing the whitefly population at a tolerable level. In another example of IPM work, Merrimack County Cooperative Extension seeded endophytic grasses around a greenhouse at Pleasant View Gardens, Pittsfield, to reduce populations of insect pests that could migrate from turf through vents into the greenhouse. Endophytes are ^H fungi found in certain grasses that produce chemicals that either kill or repel several sucking insects. The project has shown signifi- cant reductions of insect populations. A project similar to that in Merrimack County with Encarsia formosa is planned for the 1993 season in Sullivan County. Kathan Gardens, Newport, has agreed to work with Sullivan County Cooperative Extension in a local demonstra- tion program looking at whitefly and/or thrips management through the release of parasites and predators. A spring project is planned beginning with the placement of sticky traps to monitor pests in the greenhouse. Research has April & May 1993 17 IPM continued from previous page shown that these pests are attracted to certain colors. Yellow traps will he hung for whiteflies or blue for thrips. Predator releases will be made at recommended rates. A Plant Grower Twilight Meeting is scheduled for Kathan Gardens on April 29l-ANf New England's Leading Full Line Seed House • Packet Seeds • Lawn Seed • Fertilizer • Grounds Maintenance Chemicals 1 (800) 326-HART FAST. COURTEOUS SERVICE The Chas. C. Hart Seed Co. P.O. BOX 9169 WETHERSFIELD. CT 06129-0169 1 (800) 326-HART &■ Bits L9 Pieces Quality plants sell themselves. Maintain that q^wlity by assigning a quality' control person to inspect stock as it arrives as well as stock in the ground. Keep your customers from bending over! Use tiered displays for smaller stock. It adds interest to your display. Color is what people want... from annuals and perennials to trees and shrubs. Show color in your display gardens as well as in your prominent displays seen from the road aiid parking lot. Be highly suggestive. Display related items nearby. Never underestimate the power of suggestion by signage or placement of merchandise. Tina Sau'telle, principd ofSawtelle Marketing Assodates, corisuks with agriaihicrd retail hnisinesies on miirketing and merchandising. For more infovnation cciRher at (603) 659-8106. Northern Grown Trees Evergreens Shrubs Mon-Sat 7:00 -5:30 Sun: 9:00 - 5:00 Located at junction of routes 22 & 114 Gorham, Maine 04038 Phone (207) 839-4262 or 839-6364 Fax 207-839-2290 We specialize in growing specimen plant nuteiials. The Plamsman INSURANCE SPECIALISTS SINCE 1967 BUTLER FLORIST' & GROWERS' INSURANCE 20 South Street, Westborough, MA 01581-1969 Tel: 508-366-1512 Have your local broker call for more information. SPECIAL PACKAGES FOR ■ Seloil Floriils ■ Golden Cenien ■ Londs(opers ■ Wholesola Gfowers ■ Sod Forim • Arbonsrs Flower/Gill Tree Formi Supplie-s Vejeloble Gco«ers SPECIAL COVERAGES • Pi(k Tout 0»ri • Off Premiies Powei • Cul low Own ■ IfOMportolion ■ Schedule Flooiet • Business Interruption " Collapse/Underground • Florist E ( 0 • Replorement Cost • Consequential Refrtg • Pestidde/Fertiliier • Prof Londsrope Design ~f ffTiU erry nurseries inc. A growing tradition since 1832 WHOLESALE ONLY Growers of Quality Hardy Plants Trees • Shmhs • Pvergreens RAR and Container Crown Cherry HiU Street ^ West Newtiury. Ma.sadiusetts 01 985 g 508-462-6688 We welcome your visit! GREENHOUSE PLANTS 1 CHRYSANTHEMUMS NURSERY STOCK POINSETTIAS BULBS/LILIES GERANIUMS PERENNIALS CYCLAMEN SEEDUNGS D.A POSOCCO Greenhouse Plants - Nursery Stock AZALEAS PLUGS Joseph Glannino 56 Tuscano Avenue Revere, MA 02151 617-286-6541 (home) Fax 617-289-9412 ■•■■'Aniri-' '•^-"^ AUSTRIAN PINE, 5-8' height Beautiful, Heavy, Connecticut Vailey Nursery Grown. Growing 500 Acres of New England's Finest Trees & Shrubs ylillane tTiursenes, mc. 604 MAIN STREET, CROMWELL CONNECTICUT 06416 / PHONE (203) 635-5500 / FAX (203) 635-3685 April & May 1993 19 HARNESS THE SUN!!! SUN-MATE FOR THE 90'S! 1, 2, 3 TEMPERED GLASS SKINS OR G.E. LEXAN OR ACRYLIC PLASTIC PANEL SKINS. SINGLE TEMPERED GLASS LEAST COSTLY AND PERMANENT. TEMPERED GLASS ARCH RE-SKIN A SPECIALTY See our tempered glass re-skin at UNH. We were chosen for high light, low mainten- ance, and permanent performance re-skin. G.E. LEXAN AND ACRYUC PLASTIC PANELS NEWOR RENEW. 10 YEAR WARRANTY BY MFGR. Lexan Re-skin packages for old glass or plastic re-skin, prefabbed, instructions, and plans for easy installation or labor installed. /^ THIS IS THE HEART OF SUN-MATE SINGLE TEMPERED GLASS LOWEST COST AND PERMANENTIIADD2ND OR 3RD SKIN LATER!! -PIGGYBACK" Re-skin 1, 2, 3 tempered glass skins on old alum, glass greenhouses. Prefabricated package easy to install with plans & instructions or labor installed. Area Code 31 935-2111 NEW 7WINANDY GREENHOUSE COMPANY INC 2211 Peacock Road, Richmond, Indiana 47374 SUN -MATE TEMPERED GLASS "LOW SNOW" GREENHOUSES FROM $3.00 SO FT. EASY TO ERECT AND LIVE WITH! COMPLETE PREFAB. AND INSTRUCTIONS YOU CAN RE-SKIN OR ERECT WITH INEXPERIENCED LABOR AND "SAVE'MI i No. 4.658.339 RENEW SUN-MATE RE-SKIN AND REPLACEMENT VENTS LESS INVESTMENT THAN WOOD DOSMATIC PLUS /^ MOBILE SYSTEIVI FERTILIZER INJECTORS ^ij} ■ STURDY CART COMPLETE w9Vv ■ MIXING CHAMBER BUILT IN "jW" • w. ■ DUAL HOSE BIB OUTLET ■ SIMPLE PATENTED DESIGN ■ 1 1^ J LOW COST $450 1P|^K MADE IN THE USA amM CALL YOUR GREENHOUSE SUPPLY CO. IF THEY DO NOT STOCK THE DOSMATIC PLUS CALL FOR A SUPPLIER WHO DOES 1^ DOSMATIC USA V^^ 896 NORTH MILL ST. ■ ^ M LEWISVILLE, TX 75057 ^^^ 1-800-344-6767 DOSMATIC DOSMATICPLUS spring Ledge Farm Plain Work Colors the Picture The farm is on the divide between the Merrimack and Connecticut water- sheds. The streams to the east of this ridge of hills flow into the Merrimack River, those on the west, into the Connecticut. "My great-grandfather bought this land after the Civil War," John Clough said. "He and my grandfather and my father lived in the house across the street We still have 43 of the original 75 acres. And I've bought 20, so we have a little over 60 now." After earning a degree in Econom- ics at Middlebury, John coached skiing for three years at Dartmouth, then taught English at Kimball Union in Meriden. But after five years of this, with the land in New London available, "a native son — ^with a wife and four daughters — returned home.' 'The local papers made a big thing of it." "When Sue and I first moved back, we lived on the other side of town and ran a farm stand down the road from here. We also had a maple sugar operation on some land we own on the Wilmot/New London line. We no longer do this, but the spring in the ledge is there and that's where the farm gets its name. "We started cautiously — not many people were doing this sort of thing then" — ^but it worked out— today Spring Ledge Farm's well-stocked stand is a New London landmark from Palm Sunday until Christmas. John's in charge of field crops and green- house vegetable production; Sue runs the other greenhouses and the stand. Emily, their youngest daughter, oversees the field crew. And for a couple months in mid-spring, between ski instruction and teaching at Outward Bound, Rebecca, their eldest. comes home to work in the green- houses. The other daughters help out too. Zoning — ^they're Residential — keeps them from selling anything but plants and plant products, but John thinks this may be good: it makes growing quality produce the main focus. Greenhouses. Right after their home was finished and the stand (about one-third its present size) operating in its present location, John built two 16x50 quonset- style houses. 'The maple sugar bush was no longer in operation and I took the piping used to carry the sap from the trees to collection points and used it for the frames." These houses, used to grow transplants for the vegetable gardens and bedding plants for the stand, were heated with wood. (Much of the Cloughs' land was wooded and they were in the process of clearing it for crop production.) Each house had two stoves — box or barrel. Barrel stoves — two barrels on top of each other, wood in the lower, heated air in the upper throwing out additional warmth — worked best, but "it was insane: you were either feeding the stoves or wondering how much smoke damage you'd find the next time you went out" Over the next few years, they doubled the size of the houses and converted to oil heat Vegetables. Today there are seven poly quonsets — 15,000 square feet of growing space. Four are used for flower and bedding plant production; three — (16x96, 27x145, and 25x149)— are used for vegetables, primarily tomatoes. The April & May 1993 largest is the newest — its first crop will be this year. The topsoil inside two of the houses was removed and a foot of sand spread on the ground. The soil was then brought back and manure, compost, and a commercial compost mix from Mass Natural rototilled into it The tomatoes are planted in this mix in slightly raised ground beds. An underground hot water system (100 F water circulating through a loop of plastic hose) keeps roots warm. Drip tube watering is used. There's no sterilization, but the sand seems to help keep the soil disease-free. The one house without sand "has problems," so this year, it will be used to grow zucchini and cucumbers. John's planting 'Buffalo,' a tomato he sees as "consistent" — with steady flowering and good-sized fruit The first seeds are sown in early February and grow under lights in the Cloughs' cellar. After two weeks, they're transplanted into five-inch pots and put into a small greenhouse until late March, when one tomato house is planted. A second house is planted in early April. All the houses have roll-up sides and on warm days, the plants are open to the air and sun. The first picking is June first Bedding Plants. The benches are wire on wood frames (in one house, discarded rolling bench tops) set on cement blocks. ("A bench doesn't have to be elaborate to hold plants.") Metrombc 360 and four-pacs are used for all bedding plants. Three or four people work potting 30 hours a week at a "mobile potting area" — Having a broad variety is important- people don't want to have to make a second stop somewhere else. actually a bench moved from house to house. They're busy into the summer. Impatiens is a big best-seller because "so many homes here have mature landscape plantings that create a lot of shade" and multiflora petunias are popular, but the selection is varied — ^vegetables include 13 types of tomatoes; they grow scaevola, helichrysum, larkspur, heliotrope. They put up 500 eight-inch and 1000 ten-inch hangers. One house holds 4000 4 1/2" pots of standard geraniums as well as 1500 seed geraniums (started from seed). Pink and salmon are New London best-sellers. The 4000 perennials that arrive bare-root in mid-March are in another house. Sue says she "stays away from exotics because of so many recent bare winters." She suggests the traditional — hostas, astilbe, day lilies. Whenever possible, spraying is done — both in the fields and green- houses— by John on Sundays when the crew's not around. 'Total release canisters" and Safer Soap seem to take care of most problems. When people ask — ^whether something's grown organically or not is important here — the Cloughs describe their system as "limited 1PM." In all houses, straight standard feed is mixed in a 50-gallon barrel. A ver- tical pipe is connected to a submersible pump inside each barrel; the feeding hose connects to the pipe. The idea comes from elsewhere, but John saw it as low-cost and workable. There's no heavy investment in complicated production devices, but if s a trade-off— -the investment is in time spent in plain potting, feeding, hoeing, picking, hauling.... The houses are empty by August. Potted perennials, covered with plastic and a layer of straw, will overwinter outside. Field-Grown Crops. 'The second year we began growing our own vegetables for the stand — com, tomatoes, lots of lettuce.... The soil is basically clay. If s better • now — the fields have slowly improved with the help of a lot of tile drainage (1,800 feet in one field; 2,500 in ' another) and yearly additions of manure and compost Crops are ■ rotated; a side-dressing of nitrogen is 1 usually given once to each crop; there's \ an overhead sprinkler irrigation system. By the end of April, peas and three acres of early com are in the ground. The com is covered on cold nights with strips of plastic — a lot of work, but "we gain a week and harvest com around July 20. Lettuce — five types — is planted once a week from the first of May until tiie first of August. There are two plantings of carrots (baby and regular), cucumbers, beets, broccoli, zucchini.. .we grow five or six kinds of com. We have raspberries, 3/4 of an acre of pick-your-own strawberries — diversity is key. "We grow tiie basics and rely on two local growers for gourmet items. "We also grow a limited number of herbs — basil, dill, parsley — and have a small — and very popular — cutting garden. We rely on tiie Boston Market for the rest of what we sell." Cut flowers are important — there are two plantings, as well as pick-your- own (snapdragons, cosmos, statice, zinnias....) and display garden. John has one full-time employee and hires eight or nine college students for the summer. The crew members start around 7:30 and work until noon. They pick, clean, and bunch in one operation and bring the produce ready-to-sell to the stand. ("Sweet corn's there by nine.") The work isn't complicated, but there's a lot of it The Farm Stand. Sue runs tiie stand with an emphasis on presentation. Color is important— "we try to keep it like a picture." The stand crew consists of "three wonderful, almost full-time gals who have worked here a long time, enjoy what they do, and know what they're talking abouL..most people know pretty much what they want, but when they don't— when a man, for example, buys a hanging plant for his wife — good advice is important" Five college students work during the busy months of summer. The Cloughs harvest through September. They grow as much as they can, but what they don't grow, tiiey buy in. They buy from other local producers; a Boston supplier delivers three times a week from late June through October. They also buy-in house plants and bulbs, locally-made maple syrup, jams and jellies. "Having a broad variety is important — people don't want to have to make a second stop somewhere else." Whaf s locally grown is marked as such; this fact is important to a lot of customers who associate it with freshness and quality. "Locally grovra" sells best But whatever doesn't sell after two days is fed to their sheep and four beef cattle. ("Kids love to visit the bam.") "We sell mums in tiie fall — ^we pot up 1500 in July. We could do more — a lot more. Last year we bought in an additional 1200. Asters haven't caught on up here, probably because of mildew problems near the lakes." "In fall, we stock just the traditional late-fall produce — ^pumpkins, squash, lots of apples — as well as our own lettuce and cold crops." November is quiet — the crew remaining makes and sells dried flower arrangements. "Quality and variety do our advertis- ing for us," but Sue does use The Kearsarge Shopper, a local paper that s "really nothing but ads, but is some- rJiing everyone reads." She might advertise specials, but "not a lot of numbers. People can come to find out the details." This carefully-detailed picture is well worth a \dsit (B.R) * Spring Ledge Farm is on Main Street in New London. John and Sue can be reached at (603) 526-6253 or 526-4781. The Vlantsman 11 Chilocorus kwwanae m A NEW BIOEOGICAI, CONTROL FOR EUONYMUS SCALE Cuonymus plants are versatile and attractive ornamentals that grow throughout much of New Hampshire. They rank as 12* among the most commonly used plants in United States landscaping and they come in many forms, including bushes, climbing vines, groundcovers, and small trees. The common evergreen types retain their leaves, but the popular burning-bush, or winged-euonymus, is de- ciduous. The evergreen varieties of euonymus are susceptible to a minute insect pest known as the Euonymus scale. The mature scale insect itself looks like a minute white speck, but heavy infestations result in whitened bark and discolored leaves. Plants heavily infested will eventually die, unless insecticides (doimant oils and summer sprays) are applied. Euonymus scale is a pest of foreign origin, having probably arrived in this country along with the many varieties of euonymus which were imported to the United States from Asia. Unfortunately, most of the scale's natural enemies were left behind, and without its natural biological controls here in North America, the scale has become a serious problem. A new effort is being made this year through the Entomology Department of the University of New Hampshire to introduce a natural predator to control Euonymus Scale in New Hampshire. The friendly predator, an Asian lady beetle, Chilocorus kuwanae, has an inordinate fondness for eating euonymus scale and has been shown to be a viable biological control of the scale. Despite recent release efforts involving Chilocorus kuwanae in the Northeast by the United States Department of Agriculture GJSDA), this species of lady beetle has not yet become established in New Hampshire. However, this lady beetle has already been a great triumph in Massachusetts, where much of the success can be attributed to the biological program of Dr. Roy van Driesche, Ento- mology Department, University of Massachusetts. Dr. van Driesche has kindly supplied enough lady beetles to UNH to start a small colony of the lady beetles. It is anticipated that the colony will grow in numbers, so that this summer it will be possible to make several releases of lady beetles on the UNH campus in Durham, where there is presently a severe infestation of the scale. Hopefully this new project, supported in part by USDA, wUl be a success and facilitate the introduction of an effective biological control of Euonymus scale in New Hampshire. Anyone in New Hampshire who would like to obtain a small batch of lady beetles to control Euonymus Scale must contact the author and be willing make a trip to Durham this summer to pick up the lady beetles. (Also, you will need to bring along a container, like a large peanut butter jar, and a cool ice chest to transport the lady beetles safely.) ^^ John is Survey Entomologist in the Entomology Department at the University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824. Phone: (603)862-1737. ritten and IRustrated by Dr. John Weaver April & May 1993 23 CANTERBURY, NEW HAMPSHIRE 03224 EXIT 18, 1-93, 1/2 MILE TELEPHONE 1 -800-287-471 6 SOD FARMS & WHOLESALE NURSERY, INC GROWERS AND DISTRIBUTORS • NURSERY STOCK • GARDEN SUPPLIES • CHRISTMAS TREES • SOD WHOLESALE NURSERY TREES • EVERGREENS • SHRUBS 150 acres of quality plants Write for catalog Member: MNA. NENA Millers Falls Road, Turners Falls. MA 01376 Telephone 413- 863-2510 S tewart^ NURSERY, Inc. RR 1 • TYLER BRIDGE ROAD • HINESBURG, VERMONT • (800) 525-9405 • FAX (802) 482-4056 • CALL US FOR COMPLETE LISTINGS • FAX US YOUR WANT LIST • HAND PICK YOUR TREES • WELL DIRECT SHIP • QUANTITY DISCOUNT PRICING GROWERS OF FINE QUALITY SHADE TREES HARRY STOLLER & CO., Inc. 109-113 Essex St., Haverhill, Mass. 01830, (508) 373^838, (800) 322-0332 We cater to the small and medium size nursery in any quantity desired: 1. New heavy grade domestic burlap sqs. untreated & no-rot-treated 2. Open burlap bags 3. New windbreak burlap 4. Balling bags 5. Wire baskets 6. Flat-folded burlap basket liners 7. Truck covers 8. Sisal twine & poly twine 9. Woven polypropylene sqs. The Plantsman 24 EPAs Worker Protection Standard: Respirators and "-Cides" PART TWO Leo Traverse (EPA is requiring 8 specified areas of responsibility for pesticide users. This is Part 2 of an article that deals with only one part (air-purifying respirators) of one section of the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirement for workers.) CHOOSING A RESPIRATOR (continued) C) . Toxic CatEgories The toxicity category of the pesticide plays a very important role in the choice, duration of use, and decontamination (maintenance) of your Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and — most importantly — in your own health. EPA' has established four Toxicity Categories: I, II, III, and IV. Category I is most acutely toxic; category II is moderately toxic. Different PPE is required for different categories. Furthermore, the chemical/physical state of the material determines the type of PPE you'd choose. For example, a Category I material that has eye irritation potential as well as inhalation toxicity would require both a respirator and some sort of eye protection. The toxicity category of a pesticide also determines your re-entry interval (REI) after use of the "-cide." For example, if you use an organophosphate pesticide (EPA Toxicity Category level I), a 48-72 hour re-entry interval is imposed. Category II pesticides require a 12-24 hour REI. This restriction allows re-entry only with PPE before the REI expires (exemptions for no-contact and short-term entry are allowed under the worker protection standard) .^ REI's for greenhouses can be greatly reduced under EPA guidelines if ventilation is used.^ D). Levels of Contaminants The levels of contamination MUST BE KNOWN in order to wear an Air Purifying Respirator. You must invest in small air monitoring devises or have a professional do the monitoring for you. (Most reputable insurance companies do this at no charge.) WHY must the levels be known? Because air purifying respirators have Maximum Use Limits (MUL). Suppose you're using a pesticide that has a safe exposure level of 10 ppm and you are also wearing a fuU-face respirator with a protection factor of 100. At 2000 ppm in the air, you could have 20 ppm in the face piece — which is twice the safe exposure level. Many cartridges limit the organic vapor level exposure to 1,000 ppm. Further- more, if the levels monitored are above the OSHA IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health) levels, an APR cannot be worn. Once you establish benchmarks, monitor- ing should be done yearly and/or when changes are made. E). Oxygen Level Oxygen must be present between 19.5-22% to use APR Less than 19.5% leaves the human body without enough fuel to function; over 22% and we have an explosion hazard. Yes, the human environment is very delicate indeed! F). Fit-testing Respirators Once a certified respirator is chosen (e.g., a NIOSH/MSHA certified respirator for gases, particulates, vapors, mists, fumes, or aerosols) , you're then required to properly fit the respirator to the person's face. Respirators are built in sizes: small, medium, and large. Some manufacturers mark the size on the facepiece; others use a color code. The size of the respirator you'll wear should be determined by fit-testing under the guidance of a Certified Environmental Trainer (CET) or Industrial Hygienist (CIH) or Safety Professional (CSP). G). Training. Training should be supplied by a person knowledgeable in safety, pesticides, and respirator use. EPA has stipulated that trainers be certified. Recently a fine of $5,000 was part of an OSHA citation against a fertilizer manufacturer for using trainers without proper credentials or experience. (For a copy of this citation, call Leo Traverse at 603434- 2051.) CARTTWDGE/RESPIRATOR APPROVAL CODES EPA is requiring the manufacturer of the pesticide to specify the type of respirator and the cartridge. This should include its Tested/Certification (TC) number. For example, a pesticide label might require that a NIOSH/MSHA-ap- proved respirator with TC-23C-763 cartridges be used for normal application procedures. The TC 23C-763 cartridge is a combination cartridge that removes organic vapors and has HEPA (High-efficiency Particulate Air) pre-filter. This cartridge (Wilson respirator series) would also have a two color (yellow, purple) code. April & May 1993 (For information on color codes, again — contact Leo Traverse at 434-2051.) Respirator Programs Requirements of a Minimal Acceptable Respirator Program. (1). Written standard operating procedures governing the selection and use of respirators shall be established. (2). Respirators shall be selected on the basis of hazards to which the worker is exposed. (3). The user shall be trained in the proper use of respira- tors and informed about their limitations. (4). Respirators shall be thoroughly stored and disinfected. Those used by more than one person shaU be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after each use. (5). Respirators shall be stored in a convenient, clean, and sanitary location. (6). Respirators used routinely shall be inspected during cleaning. Worn or deteriorated parts shall be replaced. Respirators for emergency use (such as self-contained devices) shall be thoroughly inspected at least once a month and after each use. (7). Appropriate surveillance of work area conditions and the degree of employee exposure or stress shall be main- tained. (8). There shall be regular inspection and evaluation to determine the effectiveness of the program. (9). Person shall not be assigned to tasks requiring the use of respirators unless it has been established that they are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment The local physician shall determine what health and physical conditions are pertinent. The respirator user's medial status should be reviewed periodically (annually is suggested). (10). Approved or accepted respirators shall be used when they are available. The respirator furnished shall provide adequate protection against the particular hazard for which it was designed in accordance with the standards estab- lished by competent authorities. Although respirators listed by tiie U.S. Department of Agriculture continue to be acceptable for protection of specLSed pesticides, the agency is now responsible for testing and approving pesticide respirators. So there may be changes down the road. *•• Leo Traverse is a certified Environmental trainer and president ofHazmateam, Inc. Hazmateam is located in Hampstead, NH, and provides Personal Protection equipment (PPE) training, respiratory protection plans, safety plans, respirator training, and monitoring. For more information, call Leo at (603) 434-2051.) FOOTNOTES (1). EPA conti-acted Development Planning and Resource Associates (DPRA) to analyze FIFRA re-entiy levels. (2). FR VOL 57, No 163/fiiday Au^oist 21, 1992/rules and regulations page 38154 (3). FR VOL 57, No 163/Mday August 21, 1992/rules and regulations page 38153 {¥% Richard C. Zoerb 6CX) Mamaroneck Ave. Harrison, NY 10528 72 Hawkstead Hollow Nashua, NH 03063 603 886-8665 75 CHESTNUT HILL, RTE. 190 STAFFORD SPRINGS, CT. 06076 W.H.MILIKOWSKI, INC. 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