THE PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY With Especial Reference to the FLORA OF THE PINE BARRENS And tke Geographic Distribution of tke Species By WITMER STONE Curator Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Fellow of the American Ornithologists Union Member Philadelphia Botanical Club VOLUME II TRENTON. N. J. 1911 mi I/, 2- PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 551 Order PARIETALE5. Family HYPERICACE^. St. John's-worts. a. Sepals 4, one pair narrower than the other, petals 4, yellow. b. Plant low, 1-2.5 dm. high, leaves sessile, flowers 15-25 mm. broad. Ascyrutn hypericoides, p. 552 hh. Plant taller, 2i-^ dm. high, leaves clasping, flowers 12-18 mm. broad. A. stalls, p. 552 oa. Sepals and petals 5. b. Petals yellow. c. Leaves reduced to minute appressed scales. Sarothra gentianoides, p. 557 cc. Leaves not reduced to scales. d. Styles 5, flowers 40-60 mm. broad. Hypericum ascyron, p. 552 dd. Styles 3 (rarely 4). e. Stamens numerous, always more than 12. /. Shrubby, 5-20 dm. high, flowers 8-12 mm. broad. H. densiUorum, p. 553 ff. Not shrubby, 2-9 dm. high. g. Stamens in three to five clusters, petals with black dots or lines. h. Leaves oblong or linear, 10-20 mm. long, dots only in the margin of the petals. [H. perforatum^* hh. Leaves oblong, 20-80 mm. long, several rows of dots or lines on the petals. H. punctatum, p. 555 gg. Stamens not in clusters, petals without black dots. h. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, margins revolute. H. adpressiim, p. 553 hh. Leaves elliptic or oval, spreading, flowers pale yellow. H. ellipticmn, p. 554 hhh. Leaves oval, erect and appressed, flowers cop- per yellow. H. virgatum ovalifolium, p. 554 ggg. Stamens 5-12. h. Flowers small, usually 4-5 mm. broad. i. Cyme leafy-bracted, leaves elliptic. H. boreale, p. 555 ii. Cyme subulate-bracted. y. Leaves ovate, oblong or elliptic. H. miitilian, p. 555 jj. Leaves ovate deltoid. H. gymnanthum, p. 556 jjj. Leaves linear obtuse. H. canadcnse, p. 556 hh. Flowers 6-10 mm. broad, plants 3-9 dm. high. H. majus, p. 556 bh. Petals red purple, leaves ovate obtuse, plant 3-5 dm. high. * Common St. John's-wort, a weed. 552 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. c. Leaves sessile, flower-clusters peduncled. Triadenum virginicum, p. 557 cc. Leaves petioled, flower-clusters nearly sessile. T. petiolatum, p. 558 ASCYRUM L. Ascyrum stans Mich. St. Peter's-wort. Ascyrum stans Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. IL yj. 1803 [Carolina]. — Knieskern 8. — Willis II. — Britton 66. — Keller and Brown 223. Ascyrum hypericoides Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. IL 374. 1814. — Barton, Fl Phila. IL 13. 1818. Damp or dry sandy ground; con::mon in the Pine Barrens; occasional in the Cape May district and rare and local in West Jersey. Fl. — Late July to early September. Fr. — Late October through autumn. Middle DwinVf.— Merchantville (P), Mickleton (NB), Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Four miles south New Egypt, West Creek (S), Manchester, Waretown, Dover Forge, Bamber, Chatsworth, Speedwell (S), Bear Swamp, Mouth of Batsto (S), Pleasant Mills, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing, Weymouth (T), Tuckahoe, Browns Mills (P), Quaker Bridge (P), Absecon, Hamilton Mon. Co. (C). Cape. May.— Ct. House, Cold Spring (S), Town Bank (OHB). Ascyrum hypericoides L. St. Andrew's Cross. Ascyrum Hypericoides Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 788. 1753 [Virginia]. — Keller and Brown 223. Ascyrum multicaule Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 13. 1818. Ascyrum Crux-Andreae Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. IL 373. — Britton 66. — Knies- kern 66. Common in dry sandy soil of the coastal plain at several sta- tions north of our limits and throughout the 'Middle, Cape May, Coast and Pine Barren districts. Fl. — Early July to early September. Fr. — Early September through autumn. Middle District. — Keyport (NB), Asbury Park (P), Brindletown, Arney's Mt. (S), Camden (P), Medford (S), Oaklyn (S), Westmont (S), Wash- ington Park, Jericho (NB), Bridgeton (NB), Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Forked River, Chatsworth, Bear Swamp, Clementon (S), Landisville, Mouth of Batsto (S), Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (S). Coast 5";n>.— Beach Haven (L), Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L). Cape May. — Green Creek (S), Cold Spring, Cape May (S). HYPERICUM L. Hypericum ascyron L. Giant St. John's-wort. Hypericum Ascyron Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 783. 1753 [Canada]. — Britton 67. — Keller and Brown 224. PLANTS OF SOUTHERNl NEW JERSEY. 553 Limited to the valley of the upper Delaware, just entering our limits at Bordentown, where it is reported in Britton's Cata- logue on the authority of Mr. Stowell. Fl. — Early July to late July. Pr. — ^Early September into October. Hypericum densiflorum Pursh. Shrubby St. John's-wort. Hypericum densiflorum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2>7^- 1814 [Virginia Mts.]. — Britton 67. — Keller and Brown 224. Hypericum proMcum var. densiflorum Knieskem 8. — Willis 11. Hypericum proliUcum Britton 67 (in part). Plentiful in damp spots in the Pine Barrens, rare and local in the Middle district. H. proimcwm is reported in Britton's Catalogue, but I feel convinced that all the coastal plain plants of New Jersey are referable to H. densiflormn. Specimens from' three of the locali- ties prove tO' belong to this species, and I have little doubt that the records for Manchester, Freehold and Pemberton are based on the same. There is some variation both in the size of the flowers and density of the inflorescence, but I have seen no speci- mens at all referable to H. prolificum, as we have it in the Sus- quehanna valley in Pennsylvania.* Fl. — Early July to early September. Fr. — Early October through autumsn. Middle District. — Shark River, Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, Linden wold. Pine Barrens. — Toms River, Island Hts., Cassville, Woodmansie, Hanover, Browns Mills, Chatsworth, Speedwell (S), Pasadena, Parkdale, Tuckerton, Bear Swamp, Kenilworth, Clementon, Ballengers Mill, Braddocks Mill, Taun- ton, Sicklerville, Winslow Jnc, Winslow (S), Folsom, Eighth St. (T), Ham- monion, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing, Weymouth, Wood- bine, Millville. Hypericum adpressum Barton. Barton's St. John's-wort.f Hypericum adpressum Barton, Comp. Fl. Phila. II. 15. 1818 [Lansdowne, on the Schuylk-ill, above Buck's Isl., Phila.].— WiUis 11.— Britton 67.— Keller and Brown 224. * cf. Sargent Garden and Forest, 1890, 524. t Discovered by Wm. P. C. Barton (1786-1856), Professor of Botany at the University of Pennsylvania, and author of the Compendium Florae Philadel- phicae. Probably the first botanist of this vicinity to conduct weekly field trips. 554 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Hypericum galioides Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 376. 1814 (as to N. J. records). Open swamps; confined to the Middle and Cape May districts, occurring north of our limits only at several stations in Bergen County. The statement of Torrey and Gray that it occurs in the Pine Barrens is not substantiated, and is no doubt due to^ the loose use of the teitn: to cover all of southern N'ew Jersey. Fl. — Early July to late August. Fr. — ^Mid-September through autumn. Middle District. — Burlington, I>elanco, Florence, Moorestown (KB), Union Grove. Coast Strip?— Mays Landing (CDL). Cape May. — Bennett, Cold Spring, Cape May (S).* Hypericum ellipticum Hook. Pale St. John's-wort. Hypericum ellipticum Hooker, Fl. Bor. Am. I. no. 1830 [Canada to Lake Winnepeg]. — Britton 67. — Keller and Brown 224 (in part). Confined to the upper Delaware valley in swampy ground and bogs, locally southward to Camden. Fl. — 'Mid-June to early July. Fr. — Late August into October. Middle District.— Bur\m2;ton (P), Kaighns Pt., Camden (C).t Hypericum virgatum ovalifolium Britton. New Jersey St. John's-wort. Hypericum virgatum var. ovalifolium Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. IX. 10. 1889 [Pine Barrens of N. J.].— Britton 67. Hypericum angulosum Muhlenberg, Cat. 68. 181 3. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 378. 1814. — Knieskern 8. — Willis 11. Hypericum virgatum Keller and Brown 224. Frequent in bogs and swamjps of the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula; rare and local in Pine Barren islands in the Middle district. The peculiar coppery color of the flowers distinguishes this from any of the other species of our range. Fl. — Mid-July to early Septemiber. Fr. — Late September through autumn. * I have grave doubts about the record for Freehold, given by Britton on authority of Willis, and there is no specimen to substantiate it. Keller and Brown's records for Egg Harbor, Atco and Mays Landing are probably H. densiflorum. t The records in Keller and Brown for Egg Harbor and Mays Landing, and probably for Pt. Pleasant, are based on H. v. ovalifolium. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 555 Middle District. — Union Grove. Pine Barrens. — Spring Lake (NB), Pt. Pleasant, Speedwell (S), Atsion, Parkdalc, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Mullica River, Quaker Bridge, Pleasant Mills (NB), Batsto, Mouth of Batsto, Woodbine, Belleplain (S). Cape May. — Court House (S), Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S), Nummey- town (S).* Hypericum punctatum Lam. Spotted St. John's-wort. Hypericum punctatum Lamarck, Encycl. IV. 164 1796 [Typ. Loc. unknown]. Hypericum maculattim Britton 68. Hypericum corymbosum Knieskern 8. Frequent in low grounds in the northern counties and occa- sional in the Middle and Cape May districts. Fl. — ^Early July to early August. Fr. — Early Septem'ber into October. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Delair, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Centerton (S). Pine Barrens. — Ancora (Bassett) introduced? Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB). Hypericum mutilum L. Dwarf St. John's-wort. Hypericum mutilum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 787. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Knieskern 8. — Britton 68. Common in low grounds throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Early July to early September. Fv. — Mid-September through autumn. Middle District. — New Egypt, Birmingham, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Morris, Clementon, Blackwood, Lawnside (S), Swedesboro, Riddleton, Dividing Creek. Coast Strip. — Sandy Hook (NB), Seaside Park, Mana.hawkin, Barnegat City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Holgate's (L), Absecon (S), Atlantic City (S), Beesleys Pt. (S), Ocean City (S), Palermo (S), Holly Beach (UP). Cape May. — Three miles west Court House. Hypericum boreale (Britton). Northern St. John's-wort. Hypericum Canadense boreale Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XVHL 367. 1891. n. n. for H. C. minimum, Gray [Wisconsin]. * There is no specimen to substantiate the record for Anglesea, given by Keller and Brown, and exhaustive collections from the same vicinity have failed to discover it. 556 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Frequent in boggy locations in the northern counties; south along the coast and occasional in the Middle district and Pine Barrens in bogg}'' situations. Fl. — Early July to early September, probably. Fr. — Mid-Sep- tember through autumn. Middle District. — Delanco. Pine Barrens. — Folsom. Coast Strip. — Seaside Park, Forked River, Peahala (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Barnegat City (L), Sherburn's (L), Holgate's (L), St. Albans (L), Holly Beach (UP). Cape May. — Cold Spring (S). Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. and Gray. Clasping-leaved St. John's-wort. Hypericum gymnanthum Engelmann and Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. V. 212. 1847 [Houston, Tex.]. — Britton 68. — Keller and Brown 224. Low ground ; occasional in the lower Middle district. First detected in the State by Mr. Benjamin Heritage at Mickleton in 1887, and collected later at Medford by Mr. Stewardson Brown and the writer July 27, 1902. Flowers — and immature fruit July 27. Middle District.— Mcdiord, Mickleton (H). Hypericum majus (A. Gray). Larger Canada St. Jolin's-woPt. Hypericuvi Canadense var. major Gray, Man. Ed. V. 86. 1867 [Lake Su- perior, Southern N. Y. and southward]. — Britton 68. Recorded in Britton's Catalogue from Hudson and Sussex Counties, and once collected near Camden by Mr. C. F. Parker September 7, 1862. I have examined Mr. Parker's specimen, which is still in his herbarium, now at Princeton University, and there is no question as to the correctness of his identification. Mature fruit September 7. Middle District. ^C^mdtn (P). Hypericum canadense L. Canada St. John's-wort- Hypericum canadense Linnseus, Sp. PI. 785. 1753 [Canada]. — Knieskern 8. —Britton 68. Common in damip sandy soil throughout the coastal plain, but not abundant in the northern counties. The most abundant small St. John's Wort found in the Pine Barrens. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 557 PL — Early July to early September. Fr. — ^Mid-Septeinber through autumn. Middle District.— Red Bank (NB), New Egypt, Medford, Lawnside (S), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Allaire, Speedwell (S), Parkdale, Albion, Williamstown Jnc, Landisville, Mouth of Batsto, Tuckahoe (S). Coast Strip.—Ft. Pleasant, Long Branch, Manahawkin, Ship Bottom (L), Barnegat City (L), Peahala (L), Spray Beach (L), Holgate's (L), Palermo. Cape May. — Court House (S). SAROTHRA L. Sarothra gentianoides L. Orange Grass. PI. LXXXIL, Fig. I. Sarothra Gentianoides Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 272. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsyl- vania]. Hypericum sarothra Knieskern 8. Hypericum gentianoides Britton 68. Sandy ground ; com|mon throughout the State, often occurring on roadsides and railroad embankments, like a weed. Fl. — Mid-July to mid-September. Fr. — Late September through autumn. Middle District. — New Egj'pt, Clementon, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Bear Swamp (S), Landisville (T), Hammonton (S), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe, Tuckerton (S). Coast Strip. — Asbury Park (P), Pt. Pleasant, Island Heights, Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Wildwood. Cape May. — Cold Spring (S). TRIADENUM Rafinesque. Triadenum virginicum (L.). Pink St. John's-wort. Hypericum virginicum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 2nd. Ed. 1104. 1763 [Pennsylvania]. Britton 68. Open swamps; common throughout the State. A characteristic plant of every bog. Fl. — Early August to early September. Fr. — jMid-September into October. Middle District.— 'New Egypt, Fish House, Kaighns Pt, Washington Park (S), W. Deptford, Bridgeport, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens.— Jones Mill (S), Speedwell (S), Bear Swamp (S), Clemen- ton (S), Ancora (P), Parkdale (S), Quaker Bridge (NB), Vineland (T), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S). Coast Strip.— hong Branch, Seaside Park, Peahala (L), Spray Beach (L), 558 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Holgate's (L), Absecon (S), Ocean City (S), Wildwood. Cape May. — Bennett (S), Cape May. Triadenum petiolatum (Walt.). Large Pink St. John's-wort. Hypericum petiolatum Walter, Fl. Car. 191. 1788 [S. Carolina]. — Britton 68. — Keller and Brown 225. The occurrence of this species in New Jersey rests on a frag- ment in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy labeled "near Camden," from the herbarium of J. K. Potts. Torrey and Gray's statement that it occurs in the State (Flora. N. A., i, 168) is no doubt based on the same specimen. Family EEATINACE^. Waterworts. ELATINE L. Elatine americana (Pursh.). Waterwort. Peplis americana Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 238. 1814 [Pennsylvania]. Crypto miifiiina Nuttall, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., I. 117. 1817. — [Shores of Delaware, above Phila.]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 17. 1818. Elatine Americana Britton 66. Reported on muddy shores of the Passaic River and Lake Hopatcong; also on the Delaware at Camden and along the upper coast and in the Pines. Fl. — ^Early July well into autumn. Middle District. — Camden, in mud, Delaware river (P). Coast Strip. — Bayhead, Spring Lake, Pt. Pleasant.* Pine Barrens. — Lakehurst (Mackenzie), 8 miles south of Manchester (P), Ferago Pond (C). Famjily CISTAiCEuE. Rock-rose, etc. Key to Species. a. Petals 5, yellow, showy. b. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, flowers 15-30 mm. broad. c. Petaliferous flowers 5-12, in a short terminal cymose raceme, their capsules 3-4 mm. long, little, if at all, surpassed by later branches ; capsules of later apetalous, flowers i mm. in diameter. Helianthemum majus, p. 559 cc. Petaliferous flowers 1-2, their capsules 6-8 mm. long, much over- topped by later branches, capsules of apetalous flowers often 3-4 mm. in diameter. H. canadense, p. 560 hh. Leaves subulate or scale like, imbricated ; flowers about 8 mm. broad, plant 1-2 dm. high. * The record for Wenonah (Githens) in Keller and Brown's list has not been verified. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 559 c. Greenish, soft pubescent, leaves subulate, 6-8 mm. long. Hudsonia ericoides, p. 561 cc. Pale, hoary pubescent, leaves 2 mm. long, appressed. H. tomentosa, p. 560 aa. Flowers very small, greenish or purplish, numerous in panicles, stem leaves minute and entire, horizontal basal leafy shoots develop late in the season, often with broader leaves. h. Leaves on basal shoots oblong to ovate, not three times as long as broad, c. Pubescence of the stem spreading, panicle dense. Lechea villosa, p. 563 cc. Pubescence of the stem appressed, panicle more open. d. Outer sepals exceeding the inner. L. minor, p. 562 dd. Outer sepals shorter than the inner. e. Fruiting heads obovoid, pyriform, basal shoots green. L. racemulosa, p. 562 ee. Fruiting heads subglobose, basal shoots hoary, pubescent. L. maritima, p. 563 bb. Leaves on basal shoots narrowly lanceolate to linear. c. Inner sepals i-nerved, usually exceeded by the outer ones, stem leaves narrowly linear. L. tenuifolia, p. 563 cc. Inner sepals 3-nerved, equalling or longer than the outer ones. d. Plant canescent pubescent. L. maritima, p. 563 dd. Plant green. L- leggettii, p. 563 HELIANTHEMUM Persoon. The flowers are of two kinds; large showy petaliferous blos- soms appearing early, and small, practically apetalous ones, ap- pearing later and bearing much smaller capsules. Some speci- mens in the latter stage resemble certain species of Lechea. Helianthemum majus (L.). Hoary Frostweed. Lechea major Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 90. 1753 [Canada]. Helianthemum corymbosum Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 7. 1818. — 'Willis 10. — Britton 53. Helianthemum ramuMorum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 11. 363. 1814. — Barton, Fl. Phila. IL 7- 1818. Dry sandy soil ; coniimon throughout our region, except in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — (Petaliferous) Late May to late June. Fr. — (Of apeta- liferous flowers) Early July to early September. Middle District.— 'Farmingdale (S), Arney's Mt. (S), Pemberton (NB), New Egypt, Medford, Haddonfield (C), Clementon, Griffith's Swamp, Tomlin, Woodbury, Swedesboro, Centerton (S). Coast Strip. — Asbury Park, Como, Palermo. Cape May.— Seaville, Court House, Anglesea Jnc. (S), Bennett. 56o REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Helianthemum canadense (L.). Frostweed. Cisius canadensis Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 526. 1753 [Canada]. Helianthemum canadense Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 6. 1818. — Knieskern 7. Helianthemum majus Britton 53. Commion in dry sandy soil throughout the State, especially abundant in the Pine Barrens. As the apetalous flowers begin to develop the plant looks very much like a large flowered Lechea. Fl. — (Petaliferous) Early May to late July. Fr. — (Of apet- aliferous flowers) Early August to early October. Middle District.— FLzriiord, Medford (S), Camden, Mickleton, Swedes- boro. Pine Barrens. — Farmingdale, Lakehurst, Browns Mills, Whitings, E. and W. Plains (S), Speedwell, Applepie Hill (S), Clementon (S), Summer, Albion, Atco, Landisville, Cain's Mill, Folsom, Pleasant Mills, Mays Land- ing (S), Absecon. Cape May. — Court House, Bennett, Cape May Pt. (S). Helianthemum corymbosum Michx. Pine Barren Frostweed. Helianthemum corymbosum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 307. 1803 [Carolina and Georgia]. This plant has been credited to New Jersey by several writers, but the only specimen from that State that proves to belong to this species is one of Nuttall's, in the Philadelphia Academy herbarium. I have a strong suspicion that two or three of Nuttall's specimiens, notably Chondrophora virgata, which are labeled New Jersey, really came from farther south, and perhaps that is the case with the present plant. At all events, diligent search has failed to discover another specim'en. Nuttall's label is simply "N. Jersey." Dr. Britton says: (111. Flora, ii, p. 440) "Specimens [froml N. J.] so called, prove to be H. canadense," but the Nuttall plant is certainly corymbosum. HUDSONIA L. Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt. Woolly Hudsonia, Beach Heather. Hudsonia tomentosa Nuttall, Gen. II. 5. 1818 [Coast of N. J., Del. and Md.]. — Knieskern 7. — Willis 10. — Britton 54. — Keller and Brown 226. Common on sands of the seacoast and occasional in the Pine Barrens. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN, NEW JERSEY. 561 This low, white, woolly shrub, seldom over six inches in height, forms patches of considerable extent over the wind-swept sand dunes of the coast, which it so closely resembles in color as to be inconspicuous, except in late spring, when its branches are covered with the little starry yellow blossoms. Like a few other maritime species, notably Lechea maritima, it strays inland here and there in the white sand of the Pine Barrens, where it seems to find conditions quite as favorable to its growth.* Fl. — Late May to early June. Fr. — ^Late June into July. Pine Barrens. — Hornerstown, Toms River (S), Head of Batsto (S), Speed- well, Quaker Bridge (P). Maritime. — Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Asbury Park, Pt. Pleasant, Forked River, Seaside Park, Barnegat, Beach Haven Terrace (L), Barnegat City (L), Beach Haven (L), Atlantic City, Longport (S), Ocean City (S), Five-Mile Beach, Cape May (S), Cape May Pt. (S). Hudsonia ericoides L. Heath-like Hudsonia, Pine Barren Heather. Hudsdtnia ericoides Linnaeus, Mantissa L 74. 1767 [Virginia] — Pursh, 1^1. Am. Sept. n. 364. 1814. — Nuttall, Gen. H. 4. 1818. — Knieskern 7. — Willis 10. — Britton 54. — Keller and Brovi^n 226. Common in white sand in the Pine Barrens, also reported from Middlesex County. This is the "Heather" of the Pine Barrens ; the characteristic species in the patches of open white sand. It resembles the pre- ceding in manner of growth, but is greenish instead of grayish- white, lacking the dense tomentum; and its foliage is somewhat bristly, as contrasted with the softness of the other species. On the "plains," where it reaches its miaximum development, I have seen it only in late June, when the season of flowering was past, but a little earlier, judging from the abundance of seed pods, the whole surface of this desolate region rriust have been a carpet of golden bloom. Fl. — ^Late May to early June. Fr. — Late June into July. Pine Barrens. — Allaire, Pt. Pleasant, Toms River, Forked River, Island Hts., Bamber, Barnegat, New Lisbon (C), Browns Mills, South of New Egypt, E. Plains (S), Clementon, Albion, Sumner, Head of Batsto (S), lona (S), Iskip, Williamstown Jnc, Folsom, Willow Grove (NB), Mouth of * Cf. Bartlett, Rhodora, Dec. 1909, 221. In re maritime plants away from the coast. 36 MUS 562 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Batsto (S), Vineland (S), Hammonton (Bassett), Quaker Bridge, Pleasant Mills, Batsto, Mays Landing (S), Bridgeton, Atco (P), Absecon (P). Coast Strip. — ^Atlantic City. LECHEA. Flowering and Fruiting Data. — The date under "Basal leaves" signifies the approximate time of their appearance. Along with the capsules they are more or less persistent over winter into early summer. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, and of little or no taxonomic importance. They appear in mid or late summer. Identification can only be satisfactorily made when mature fruit is present, or better when the basal leaves also are developed. Lechea minor L. Thyme-leaved Pinweed. PI. LXXXIIL, Fig. 3. Lechea minor Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 90. 1753 [Canada]. Lechea thymifolia Knieskern 8. — Willis 11. — Britton 54. Lechea Novce-Ccesarece Austin, Gray's Man. Ed. V. 81. 1867 [N. New Jersey and adjacent N. Y.]. Frequent in the Pine Barrens, and occasional in outlying islands in the Middle district and in the Cape May peninsula. Fr. — Late August to early October. Basal leaves. — About mid-October. Middle District.— Red Bank (C), Long Branch (C), Griffith's Swamp, Haddonfield. Pine Barrens. — Cassville, Toms River, Pasadena, Chatsworth, Atco (C), Penbryn (S), Folsom, Quaker Bridge (S), White Horse (P). Cape May. — Court House (S). Lechea racemulosa Michx. Oblong-fruited Pinweed. PI. LXXXIH., Fig. 2. Lechea racemulosa Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. yy. 1803 [Virginia]. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 91. 1814. — Britton 54. Common in dry sandy ground of the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula, and occasional in the North and Middle districts. Fr. — Early August to miid-September. Basal leaves. — About late September. Middle District.— 02\dyn (S), Orchard (S), Bridgeton (NB). Pine Barrens. — Forked River (NB), Fort Barnegat, Speedwell (S), Park- dale (S), Penbryn (S), Palermo (S), Tuckahoe (S). Cape May. — Dennisville (S), Cold Spring. PLANTS OF SO'UTHERNl NEW JERSEY. 563 Lechea villosa Ell. Large Hairy Pinweed. PL LXXXIIL, Fig. I. Lechea villosa Elliot Bot. S. Car. and Ga. I. 184. 1817 [S. Carolina]. Lechea major Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 75. 1818. — Knieskern 7. Lechea minor Britten 54. Dry soil ; frequent throughout the State. Fr. — Late July to early September. Basal leaves. — About mid-September. Middle District— Keyport (NB), New Egypt, Medford (S), Orchard (S), LJndenwold (S), Westville, Mickleton. Pine Barrens. — Bamber, Manahawkin, Speedwell (S), Atco, Malaga (S), Penbryn (S), Clementon, Landisville, Dennisville (S). Cape May. — Seaville, Court House (S), Cape May Pt., Bennett. Lechea maritima Leggett. Beach Pinweed. PI. XXXIIL, Fig. 4- Lechea maritima Leggett, Britton Prelim. Cat. N. J. Plants 13. 1881. n. n. for L. thymifolia Pursh (nee Michaux). [Virginia]. — Britton 54. — Keller and Brown 226. Comm'on on sandy dunes, etc., along the coast and occasional in the Pine Barrens. The inland plant may prove to be L. m. interior Riobinson (Rhodora, 1908, 34), but it does not seem to differ f romi the coast form. Pr. — Early September to early October. Basal leaves. — About late September. Pine Barrens. — Barnegat, Winslow Jnc. (S), Hammonton, Quaker Bridge (C), Egg Harbor City (S). Maritime. — Sandy Hook, N. Spring Lake (NB), Seaside Park, Spray Beach (L), Barnegat City (L), Atlantic City, Longport (S), Ocean City, Holly Beach, Wildwood, Cape May, Cape May Pt. Lechea tenuifolia Michx. Narrow-leaved Pinweed. Lechea tenuifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. L yy. 1803 [near Santee, S. C.]. — Britton 55. — Keller and Brown 226. But one record: "Phalanx Monmouth C3o. — Leggett." (Brit- ton's Catalogue.) Lechea leggettfi Brltt. and Holl. Leggett's Pinweed.* PI. LXXXHL, Fig. 5- Lechea Leggettii Britton and Hollick, Prelim. Cat. N. Y. Plants 6. 1888 n. n. for Lechea minor Lam. (nee. L.) [Canada]. — Britton 54. Lechea minor Knieskern 8. * I am in doubt as to the identity of L. Leggettii van pulchella, Britton's Catalogue 55. 564 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Common in dry soil in the northern counties and occasional southtward, especially along the Coast strip. Fr. — Late July to mid-September. Basal leaves. — About mid- September. Middle District. — Medford, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Atsion, Egg Harbor City. Coast Strip. — Manahawkin, Anglesea, Wildwood. Cape May.— Cape May (OHB). Family VIOLACE^. Violets. VIOLA L.* Key to the Species. a. Plants stemless, leaves and flower scapes growing direct from a root- stalk. b. Style club-shaped, beakless ; orange tips of the stamens large and conspicuous in the center of the flower, leaves divided into numerous linear segments. Viola pedata lineariloba, p. 565 bb. Style dilated upward, with a conical beak on the lower side. c. Flowers blue or lilac purple. d. Leaves heart shaped. e. Plants glabrous or essentially so. /. Cleistogamous flowers on erect or ascending peduncles. g. Cleistogamous flowers long and slender, petaliferous flowers usually pale blue with dark blue center. V. cucuUafa, p. 568 gg. Cleistogamous flowers ovoid, petaliferous flowers pale purple. V. aMnis, p. 568 ff. Cleistogamous flowers on short prostrate peduncles, petaliferous flowers deep violet. V. papilionacea, p. 568 ee. Plants more or less pubescent f. Leaves palmately 5-9 lobed. V. palmata, p. 566 ff. Leaves, or some of them, hastately 3-5 lobed. V. p. tribola, p. 5G« fff. Leaves all undivided. g. Pubescence general. V. p. sororia, p. 56? gg. Pubesence confined to the upper surface of the leaves. V. hirsutula, p. 568 dd. Leaves not heart shaped. e. Ovate oblong, pubescent, short petioled, often with short basal lobes. V. timbriatula, p. 569 ee. Lanceolate, usually glabrous, basal lobes often dilated and incised. V. sagittata, p. 569 eee. Deltoid, glabrous, with short lobes at base, petals often emarginate. V. emarginata, p. 570 eeee. Divided into narrow lobes, essentially glabrous. V. brittoniana, p. 567 * Cf. Stone Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903, pp. 656-699. Violets of Philadelphia and vicinity. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN! NEW JERSEY. 565 cc. Flowers white. d. Leaves lanceolate. V. lanceolata, p. 571 dd. Leaves ovate, acute. V. primulifolia, p. 571 ddd. Leaves heart shaped. e. Stem not spotted. V. pallens, p. 570 ee. Stem red spotted. V. blanda, p. 570 bbb. Style dilated upward, beakless, flowers yellow, leaves round, cordate. V. rotundifolia, p. 570 da. Plants with leafy stems. b. Style capitate, beakless, bearded at the summit, flowers yellow. c. Plant softly pubescent, root leaves often wanting, stem leaves often over 7 cm. wide. V. pubescens, p. 571 cc. Plant sparingly pubescent, root leaves usually 1-2, stem leaves smaller. V. scabriuscula, p. 572 bb. Style not capitate, slender, stipules fringed-toothed. c. Flowers white. V. striata, p. 572 cc. Flowers pale violet. V. conspersa, p. 572 bbb. Style much enlarged upward into a globose, hollow summit, stipules large, leaf-like, lyrate pinnatifid, flowers bluish white, tinged with yellow. V. raiinesquii, p. 572 Flowering mid Fruiting Data. — The flowering season indi- cated is that of petaHferous flowers. Under "fruit of cleisto- g-enes" is given the approximlate time when ni'ature capsules are usually present. The flowers of violets are of two kinds. The showy petal- iferous blossoms appear early, and only regularly produce fruit in a few species. The small green apetalous flowers (cleisto- genes) appear later, and generally produce fruit abundantly. The characters of the cleistogenes, the seeds and the capsules, are very important in the systematic study of the genus. Viola pedata lineariloba DC. Bird-foot Violet. PI. LXXXV. Viola pedata var. lineariloba DeCandoUe, Prodr. I. 291. 1824, based on Curtis Bot. Mag. pi. 89 [Virginia].— Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903, 681. Viola pedata Barton, FI. Phila. I. 120. 1818. — Knieskern 7. — ^Willis 9. — Britton 55. Dry sandy soil; occasional through the northern counties, common in the Middle district and down the Coastal strip to Cape May; rare and apparently introduced in the Pine Barrens. The Bird-foot Violet, so different from all the other species, with its orange cluster of stam^ens and large lilac purple flowers, 566 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. is one of the showiest spring flowers of West Jersey. The plants differ greatly in the length of the pedicels; in some they are so short that the flowers appear almost sessile, while in other mKDre luxuriant examples they stand up six inches from the ground. Like most of the other blue violets it is occasionally found blooming in the autumn. The true V. pedata, with the two upper petals, dark purple, I have never found within our limits. Fl. — Late April to mid-May, sporadically later. Cleistogenes wanting. Middle District. — Famingdale, Pemberton (NB), Medford (S), Orchard (S), Haddonfield, Clementon, Washington Park, National Park, Westville, Mantua, Mickleton, Woodbury, Zion, Glassboro, Marlboro (NB), Bridge- ton (S). Pine Barrens. — Berlin, Whitings. Coast Strip. — Pt. Pleasant, Petersburg, Ocean City Jnc. Cape May. — Court House. Viola palmata L. Palmate Violet. Viola palmata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 933. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britten 55 (in part). Rich woodlands of the northern counties and less common southward in the Middle district. Fl. — Late April to mid-May. Fr — .Of cleistogenes, mid- June to mid-July (approx.). Middle District.— Vrechold (Willis), Medford (S). Viola palmata triloba Schwein. Three-lobed Violet. Viola triloba Schwein, Amer. Jour. Sci. V. 57. 1822 [no locality, prob- ably Pennsylvania]. Viola cucullata van palmata Knieskern 7. — Willis 9. Viola palmata Britton 55 (in part). Viola palmata dilatata Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1903, 676. Common in woodlands of the northern counties and less abun- dant southward in the Middle and Cape May districts. FL — Late April to mid-May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, mid- June to mid-July (approx.). Middle District.— Mediord (S), Haddonfield (S), Collingswood (S), Bridgeton (S), Dividing Creek. Cape Afoy.— Bayside (OHB), East of Price's Beach (S). PLANTS OF SOUTHERN! NEW JERSEY. 567 Viola palmata sororia Willd. Blue Woodland Violet. Viola sororia Willdenow, Hort. Berol. pi. L,XXII. 1806 [North America]. Frequent with the preceding. These three forms show all sorts of intergrades. The ex- tremes, with the narrowly divided leaves (palnmta) and un- divided leaves (sororia), are much less common in our limits than the rriore or less three-lobed (triloba). Fl. — Late April to mid-May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, mid- June to mid- July (approx.). Middle District.— Mtdiord (S). Cape May. — Cape May. Viola brittoniana Pollard. Britton's Violet. Viola Brittoniana Pollard, Bot. Gazette XXVI., p. 332. 1898 [Boston to Va. Beach]. — Keller and Brown 227. — Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903, 679. Viola atlantica Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 1897, 92. Viola palmata Britton 55 (in part). Frequent along the Coast strip and occasional in the Middle district. This very distinct formi of the cut-leaved group was first recognized by Dr. N. L. Britton, Director of the New York Botanic Garden, formerly botanist to the New Jersej Geo- logical Survey, and author of the Catalogue of New Jersey Plants, 1888. To Dr. Britton's example and encouragement, and to the influence of his Illustrated Flora and Manual are mainly due the development of the "new school" of botanists in North America and the great advance in our knowledge of the flora of the Middle States, where he has been for many years a leader both in the field and the herbarium. Fl. — Late April to early June. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, late July to late August (approx.). Middle District. — Farmingdale, Arney's Mt. (S), Lawnside (S), Orchard (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Salem (NB). Coast Strip.—Sea Bright (NB), Bay Head, Manahawkin, Cox's, Tucker- ton, West Creek, Somers Point, Absecon (Bassett), Ocean City Jnc, Tucka- hoe (S), Cold Spring (S), Cape May. 568 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Viola pectinata Bicknell. Pectinate Violet. Viola pectinata Bicknell, Torreya IV. 129. 1904 [Woodmere, L. I.]. This curious triangular-leafed violet is usually associated with V. hrittoniana, of which it seems to be an entire leafed form. Discovered in our region by Mr. Bayard Long. Cape May. — Bennett. Viola affinis LeC. Thin-leaved Wood Violet. Viola afUnis LeConte, Ann. Lye. N. Y. II. 138. [no locality] — Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903, 671. Frequent in moist woods and edges of thickets in the North and Middle districts. Fl. — Late April to late May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, mid-June to mid-July (approx.). Middle District.— Mcdiovd (S), Oaklyn (S), Westville, Gloucester Co., Quinton. Viloa papilionacea Pursh. Blue Meadow Violet. Viola papilionacea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 173. 1814 [Philadelphia]. — Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903, 670. Fields and edges of woodland ; common in the Northern and Middle districts. Fl. — Mid-April to mid-May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, early June to early July (approx.). Middle District. — Kinkora, Blackwood, Collingswood, Woodbury, Medford (S), Alloway. Viola hirsutula Brainerd. Southern Wood Violet. Viola hirsutula Brainerd, Rhodora 1907, 98. [n. n. for V. villosa Nutt. nee Walter.— Philadelphia] . Viola cucullata var. cordaia Britton 56. Viola villosa cordifolia Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903, 670. Occasional in woods in the Northern and Middle districts. Fl. — Late April to late May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, mid- June to mid- July (approx.). Middle District. — Kinkora, Collingswood (S). Viola cucullata Ait. Blue Marsh Violet. PI. LXXXIV., Fig. I. Viola cucullata Aiton, Hort. Kcw. III. 288. 1789 [North America]. — Knies- kern 7.— Britton 55. Viola cucullata macrotis and Icptostachya Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903. ^73- PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 569 Commion in swamps and meadows throughout the State, ex- cept in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Late April to late May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, mid-June to mid-July (approx.). Middle District. — Freehold (Willis), Farmingdale, Bordentown, Delanco, Fish House (S), Delair, Medford (S), Orchard (S), Haddonfield, CoUings- wood, Blackwood, Woodbury, Westville, Washington Park, Glassboro, Bridgeton. Coast 5"fn^.— Palermo (S), Cold Spring (OHB). Viola sagittata Ait. Arrow-leaved Violet. PI. LXXXVII. Viola sagittata Alton, Hort. Ken. III. 287. 1789 [Pennsylvania]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 120. 1818. — Knieskern 7. — Britton 56. Frequent in fields and on banks in the Northern and Middle districts and occasional on the Coast Strip. Rare along railroads in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Late April to mid-May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, late June to late August (approx.), Middle District. — Shark River, Fish House, Locust Grove (S), Orchard (S), Oaklyn, Woodbury, Yorktown, Riddleton, AUoway. Pine Barrens. — Whitings (S). Coast Strip. — Pt. Pleasant, Palermo. Viola fimbriatula J. E. Smith. Ovate-leaved Violet. PI. LXXXVI. Viola Ambriatula J. E. Smith, Rees Cyclopaedia XXXVHI. 1817 [Canada to Virginia]. Viola ovata Barton, FL Phila. I. 121. 1818.— Willis 9. Viola sagittata var. ovata Britton 56. Frequent in dry soil throughout the Coastal plain, except in the Pine Barrens, where it occurs mainly along railroads and is not common. Fl. — Late April to mid-May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, late June to late August ( approx. ) . Middle District.— HaddonUdd (S), Westville, W. Dteptford, Collingsv^rood (S), Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. Whitings (S), New Germany (T). Coast Strip.— Ashmy Park, Pt. Pleasant, Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Palermo, Mays Landing (NB). Cape May. — Court House (S). 570 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Viola emarginata (Nutt.). Triangle-leaved Violet. Viola sagittata emarginata Nuttall, Gen. I. 147. 1818 [New Jersey, near Philadelphia].— Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 120. 1818.— Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903, 684. Occasional or locally common throug-h the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts ; rare in the Pine Barrens along railroads. Fl. — Late April to mid-May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, late June to late August (approx.). Middle District— Mediord (S), Orchard (S), Tuckahoe. Pine Barrens. — Folsom. Coast Strip. — Bayhead. Cape May.— Court House, Cape May (OHB). Viola rotundifolia Michx. Round-leaved Violet. Viola rotundifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 150. 1803 [High Mountains of CaroHna]. — Britton 56. — Keller and Brown 228. Frequent or occasional in rich woods of the Northern Coun- ties; very rare southward within our limits in the upper Middle district. Fl. — Early April to late April. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, late June to late August (apparently). Middle District. — Keyport (C), Kinkora. Viola blanda Willd. Red-stemmed White Violet. Viola blanda Willdenow, Hort. Berol. pi. XXIV. 1806 [North America]. Rich woods of the northern counties, rare southward, just en- tering our limits. Fl. — Immature cleistogenes May 28-30, 1910. Middle District. — Farmingdale. Viola pallens (Banks). Sweet White Violet. PI. LXXXIX. Viola rotundifolia pallens "Banks" DeCandolle, Prodr. I. 295 [Labrador]. Viola blanda Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 122. 181 8. — Knieskern 7. — Britton 56. In swampy ground ; rather common in the northern counties, becoming much less plentiful southward in the Middle district. Fl. — Late April to late May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, mid-June to mid-July (approx.). Middle District. — Bordentown, Riverton (Bassett), Merchantville, Sewell, Woodbury, Clementon. PLANTS OF SOUTHERNl NEW JERSEY. 571 Viola primulifolia L. Primrose-leaved Violet. PI. LXXXVIIL, Fig. I. Viola primulifolia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 934 [Virginia]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 123. 1818. — Knieskern 7. — Willis 8. — Britton 56. — Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903, 668. Plentiful in swamps throu-g'hout the Middle and Coast districts, following the Coastal plain north of our limiits, also occasional in the Pine Barrens. PL — Late April to early June. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, mid- August to miid-October (approx.). Middle District. — Farmingdale, Bordentown, Kinkora, Delanco, New Egypt, Browns Mills, Medford, Oaklyn, W. Deptford, Oaklyn (S), Westville, Wood- bury, Collingswood, Glassboro, Mickleton, Yorktown, Alloway. Pine Barrens. — Landisville (T), Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor (S), Tucka- hoe. Coast ^/rt/^.— Seabright (NB), Pt. Pleasant, Bayhead, Palermo. Viola lanceolata L. Lance-leaved Violet. PL LXXXVIII., Fig. 2. Viola lanceolata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 934. 1753 [Canada]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 123. 1818.— Knieskern 7. — Britton 56. — Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903, 669. Plentiful in swamps and bogs throughout our region and northward on the Coastal plain and along the Delaware River, This is the miost widely distributed of the White Violets in our region, and the most abundant violet of any kind in the Pine Barrens. It is apparently the only one that is truly indigenous there, all the others being intrusions from the Middle district. FL — Late April to early June. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, early September to early October (approx.). Middle District. — New Egypt, Delanco, Medford, Orchard (S), Haddon- field. Locust Grove, Haddonfield, Glassboro, Center Sq., Bridgeton (S). Pine Barrens. — Toms River, Forked River, Bear Swamp (S), Head of Batsto, Atco, White Horse, Head of Batsto, Clementon (S), Landisville (T), Pleasant Mills (T), Egg Harbor River, Mays Landing (NB), Bellevue (T). Coast Strip. — Bayhead, Spray Beach (L), Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Sherburn's (L). Cape May. — South Dennis. Viola pubescens Ait. Hairy Yellow Violet. Viola pubescens Aiton, Hort. Ken. HL 290. 1789 [N. America]. — Knieskern 7. — Willis 10. — Britton 57. 572 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Frequent in woods of the northern counties, but very rare within our limits, being reported definitely only from Cream Ridge, Monmouth County (Willis), while Knieskem states that it occurs in the same county. Fl. — [In Pennsylvania] Late April to mid-May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, early July to early August (approx.). Viola scabriuscula (T. & G.)- Smooth Yellow Violet.* Viola puhescens var. scabriuscula Torrey and Gray, Fla. N. A. I. 142. 1838 [Pennsylvania and Kentucky]. — Britton 57. Frequent in woods of the northern coimties; rarely south in the Middle district. Fl. — Mid-April to early May. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, late June to late July (approx.). Middle District. — New Egypt, Kinkora, Swedesboro. Viola conspersa Reich. American Dog Violet. Viola conspersa Reichenbach Iconographia Bottanica I. 44. 1823 [New York]. Viola canina Willis 10. Viola canina var. Muhlenbergii Britton 57. Frequent in woods of the northern counties; rare and local southward in the Middle district and in the lower Cape May peninsula. Fl. — Late April to late May.. Fr. — Of cleistogenes, mid- June to mid-July (approx.). Middle District. — Freehold (C), Pcmberton Jnc. (C), Lindenwold, Mullica Hill (NB), Swedesboro, Marlboro (NB). Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB). Viola rafinesquii Greene. Field Pansy. Viola refinesquii (irecne, Pittonia IV. 9. 1899. n. n. for V. tenella Raf., Amer. Mo. Mag. IV. iQi. i8i9=F. arvensis Nutt. [Vicinity of Phila., prob. N. J.] Viola bicolor Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 124. 1818. Viola tenella Muhlenberg Cat. 26. 1813.— Britton 58. Frequent in dry sandy situations throughout the Middle district and northward on rocks along the Delaware River. * I am convinced that the record of V. striata, from our region, is based on an escape from cultivation. PLANTS OF SOUTHERK NEW JERSEY. 573 Named in honor of C. S. Rafinesque (i 783-1 840), an eccentric naturalist, but to some extent fulfilling his own estimate that in matters of classification and nomenclature he was far in advance of the men of his time. Rafinesque was thoroughly acquainted with the flora of the Pines and discovered not a few new species among the swamps and bogs of this region.* Fl. — Mid-April to mid-May. Middle District. — New Egypt (NB), Crosswicks, Pensauken (S), Moores- town (NB), Medford, Locust Grove, Camden, Fancy Hill, Westville, Red Bank, Woodbury, Bridgeport, Mantua, Sewell, Bridgeton, Vineland (C). Cape May. — Cape May Co. (C). Order OPUNTIALES. Family CACTACE^. Cacti. OPUNTIA Miller. Opuntia opuntia (L.). Prickly Pear. PI. XXIX., Fig. I. Cactus Opuntia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 468. 1753 [Pennsylvania and Virginia]. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. L 327. 1814.— Nuttall, Gen. L 296. 1818. Opuntia vulgaris Knieskern 15. — Britton in. — Martindale, Bull. Tor. Bot. Club VL 105. Opuntia rafinesquii Willis 25.. — Martindale, Bull. Tor. Bot. Club VL 116. Opuntia opuntia Britton 229. Rocky situations in Bergen, Passaic, Morris and Hunterdon Counties, and frequent in sand in the Middle and Coast districts. Only known fromi the Pine Barrens close to the edge of the Middle district. PI. — Early June to early July. Middle District. — Matawan (Willis), New Egypt, Pemberton (NB), Med- ford (S), Clementon (S), Swedesboro, Willow Grove (T), Vineland (S). Coast Strip.—Sandy Hook, Pt. Pleasant (Kn), Toms River (Kn), Seaside Park (S), Barnegat City (L), Tucker's (L), Beach Haven (L), Atlantic City, Wildwood (UP). * Cf . Life and Writings of Rafinesque. R. E. Call. Louisville 1895- 574 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Order THYMELEALES. Family THYMELEACEuE. Mezereon, etc DIRCA L. Dirca palustris L. Leatherwood. Dirca palustris Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 358. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 213. — Keller and Brown 230. Occasional in rich woods of the northern counties and at one station within our limits, Fl. — Early or mid- April, probably ; before the leaves. Middle District. — Two miles west Woodstown, Swedesboro (CDL)i Salem (H). Order MYRTALES. Family LYTHRACE^. Loosestrife, etc. Key io the Species. a. Calyx tube campanulate, flowers regular. b. Flowers small axillary, low aquatic herbs. c. Capsule bursting irregularly. [Ammania koehneiY cc. Capsule splitting longitudinally. Rotala ramosior, p. 574 hb. Flowers large, purple, in axillary cymes, forming whorls, plant an aquatic shrub. Decodon verticillatus, p. 575 aa. Calyx tube cylindrical, flowers regular, purple. b. Flowers axillary, solitary. c. Leaves mostly alternate, flowers 6-10 mm. broad. Lythrum alatum, p. 576 cc. Leaves mostly opposite, flowers 3 mm. broad. Lythrum lineare, p. 575 bb. Flowers in panicled terminal spikes 12-16 mm. broad. [L. salicaria L-Y aaa. Calyx tube tubular, flowers irregular, purple, plant viscid. Parsonia petiolata, p. 576 ROTALA L. Rotala ramosior (L.). Rotala. Ammania ramosior Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 120. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 107. Ammania humilis Barton, Fl. Phila. L 91. 1818. — Willis 24. Rotala ramosior Keller and Brown 230. ^ Occurs on the Hackensack Marshes. * Purple Loosestrife, wet meadows and swamps locally introduced. PLANTS OF SOUTHERNi NEW JERSEY. 575 Swamps in the western part of the Middle district to the Cape May peninsula and the lower Coast district and southwestern edge of the Pine Barrens. Also at Closter, Bergen County. Fl. — Eiarly July into September. Fr. — Late July through autumn. Middle District. — Burlington (C), Florence, Delanco, Camden (P), Glou- cester Pt., Mickleton, Sharpstown. Pine Barrens. — Woodbine, Belleplain (S). Coast Strip. — Palermo. Cape May. — Anglesea Jnc, Bennett. DECODON J. F. Gmelin. Decodon verticillatus (L.). Swamp Loosestrife. PI. CVIII., Fig. I. Lythrum verticillatum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 446. 1753 [Virginia]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 223. 1818. Nescea verticillata Knieskern 14. — Britton 108. Decodon verticillatus Keller and Brown 230. Swamps ; common throughout the State, especially in the Pine Barrens and Cape May district. A conspicuous plant on the edges of ponds, with long, wand- like branches and verticils of purple flowers. The base of the stems, growing in water or wet sphagnum, are often covered with a leathery or corky growth, such as is frequent in Rhexia virginica and aristosa, Hypericum adpressum, Ludvigia sphaero- carpa, etc. Fl. — Early August to early September. Fr. — Early SeptaT>- ber into October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Fish House, Camden, Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens.— "Toms River (P), Parkdale (S), Cedar Brook, Clementon, Malaga (S), Landisville (T), Mouth of Batsto, Mays Landing, Tuckahoe (S). Coast Strip. — Manahawkin, Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Ship Bot- tom (L), Absecon (Bassett), Wildwood, Dennisville. Cape May. — Seaville (S), Dias Creek, Green Creek, Whitesboro. LYTHRUM L. Lythrum lineare L. Linear-leaved Loosestrife. Lythrum lineare Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 447. 1753 [Virginia]. — Willis 24. — Brittoo 107. — Stone, Bartonia I. 23. 576 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Rare and local along- the edge of the salt marshes, and reported from the Hackensack meadows north of our boundary. Fl. — Early August to miid- September. Fr. — ^Mid-September, through autumn. Maritime — Monmouth and Ocean Counties on Salt Marsh (C), Atlantic County (T), Palermo, Cold Spring. Lythrum alatum Pursh. Wing-angled Loosestrife. Lythrum alatum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 334. 1814 [Lower Georgia]. — Britton 107. — Keller and Brown 231. Rare and local; apparently introduced. Fl. — Late June to early August. Fr. — Mid-September through autumn. Middle District. — New Egj'pt. Pine Barrens. — WilHamstown Jnc. Coast Strip. — Beach Haven (L). Cape May. — Cape May. PARSONSIA P. Browne. Parsonsia petiolata (L.). Clammy Cuphea. Lythrum petiolatum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 446. 1763 [Virginia]. Cuphea petiolata Britton 108. Occasional or frecjuent in the Northern and Middle districts, usually appearing as a weed in cultivated fields. Fl. — Late July into October. Fr.— Early September through autumn. Middle District. — New Egypt, Moorestown (NB), Gloucester (P), Cooper's Ferry, Mickleton (H), Oaldyn (S), Lawnside (S). Family MELASTOMACEl^. Meadow-Beauties. Key to the Species. a. Stem cylindric, very pubescent, flowers pale purple. Rhexia mariana, p. 578 aa. Stem square or angled, flowers deep purple. b. Plant more or less pubescent, leaves ovate. R. znrginica, p. 576 bb. Plant glabrous, leaves lance-oblong. R. aristosa, p. 577 RHEXIA L. Rhexia virginica L. Meadow Beauty. Rhexia virginica Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 346. 1753 [Virginia]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. 1. 180. 1818. — Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. L 222. 1803. — Knieskern 14. — Willis 24. — Britton 106. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 577 Common in sandy swamps throughout the Coastal plain region and northward to Closter, Bergen County, and Stockton, Hunter- don County. Especially abundant in the Pine Barrens. This plant seems to take the place of such late spring plants as Limodorwn, Arethusa, etc., in the color scheme of the swamps and bogs of the Pine Barrens, and throughout the latter part of summer its gorgeous flowers are conspicuous, sometimes in scattered clumps or individual plants, and again massed in large patches, so that the whole surface of the bog seems crinn- son. There is a certain amount of variation in color, some flowers being very deep magenta, but they never approach the pale pink of R. mariana. PI. — Early July to mid-September. Fr. — Early August into autumn. Middle District.— 'New Egypt, Medford (S), Pemberton Jnc. (S), Linden- wold, Fish House, Kaighns Pt., Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Center Square, Paulsboro, Salem (S). Pine Barrens.— Whitings (S), Speedwell (S), Parkdale, Bear Swamp, Cedar Brook, Clementon (S), Landisville (T), Hospitality Branch (T), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S), Belleplain (S), Woodbine, Sea Isle Jnc, Dennisville (S). Coast Strip.— Wavetown, Cox's, N. Beach Haven (L), Holgate's (L), Ocean View (S), Beesley's Pt. (S), Anglesea. Cape May. — Green Creek (S), Cape May. Rhexia aristosa Britten. Awned Meadow Beauty. Rhexia aristosa Britten, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XVH. 14 pi. 99. 1890 [Egg Harbor City, N. J.]. — Britton 107. — Keller and Brown 231. Rare and local ; confined to the Pine Barrens. The original specimens were discovered by Messrs. E. H. Kil- mer and John C. Gi£ford in August, 1888, at Egg Harbor City and sent to Rev. John C. Peters, who submitted them to Dr. Britton. He at once recognized them, as representatives of a new species. While the plant was collected on several subsequent occasions at the type locality, it has been found at only one other station, and that only a few miles to the east, near Cologn, where Mr. C. F. Saunders discovered it on August 21, 1898. 37 MUS 578 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Pi. — Late July to late August. Fr. — Late September into autumn. Pint Barrens. — Egg Harbor City, Cologn.* Rhexia mariana L. Maryland Meadow Beauty. Rkexia mariana Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 346. 1753 [Maryland]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 180. 1818. — Knieskern 14. — Willis 24. — Britton 107. — Keller and Brown 231. Common in moist sandy ground throughout the Pine Bar- rens, Cape May peninsula and western part of the Middle dis- trict, occasional on the coast. Not reported in the State north of our limits. Fl. — Early July to early September. Fr. — Early August into autumn. Middle District. — New Egypt, Florence, Burlington (C), Pemberton Jnc. (S), Mt. Holly, Moorestown (C), Medford (S), Haddonfield (S), Grif- fith's Swp. (C), Kirkwood (C), Lawnside (S), Woodbury, Lindenwold, Mickleton (H), Bridgeton (NB), Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Clementon, Albion, Atco, Braddock's Mill, Winslow (S), New Italy, Pancoast (S), Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (NB), Tuckahoe (S). Cape May. — Clermont, Dias Creek (S), Cold Spring (S), Cape May, Cape May Pt. Coasi Strip.— Pt. Pleasant (C), Cox's, Beesley's Pt. (S). Family ONAGRACE^. Evening Primroses, etc. Key to the Species. 0. Calyx divisions and petals 2. Circ(sa lutetiana, p. 585 ao. Calyx divisions and petals 4. b. Prostrate herbs, creeping or floating, leaves opposite, flowers axillary. c. Flowers sessile, inconspicuous. Isnardia palustris, p. 580 cc. Flowers stalked, with yellow conspicuous petals. Ludzvigiantha arcuta, p. 579 W. Upright herbs. c. Petals none, or small, yellowish or greenish, inconspicuous, flowers axillary. d. Capsules subglobose or top shaped, leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, 50-100 mm. long. Ludvigia spliccrocarpa, p. 580 dd. Capsules obpyramidal, several times longer than broad, leaves narrowly linear, 25-50 x 2 mm. L. linearis, p. 581 cc. Petals conspicuous, yellow. d. Stamens 4. * The records for Woodbine and Cape May in Keller and Brown prove to be R. virginica. I PLANTS OF SOUTHERN, NEW JERSEY. 579 e. Plant hirsute, capsules bristly pubescent. L. hirtella, p. 581 ee. Plant glabrous or nearly so, capsules glabrous. L. alternifolia, p. 582 dd. Stamens 8. e. Stamens equal in length, capsule cylindrical. f. Tall, 3-25 dm. high, flowers 25-50 mm. broad, in a leafy bracted terminal spike. Oenothera biennis, p. 583 //. Low or decumbent, 1-5 dm. high, flowers 12-30 mm. broad, axillary. g. Leaves repand dentate, the lower pinnatified, plant silvery appressed-pubescent. O. humifusa, p. 583 gg. Leaves oblong or oval lanceolate, sinuate dentate often pinnatifid, plant glabrous or sparingly pu- bescent. O. laciniata, p. 583 ee. Stamens unequal in length, the alternate ones longer, capsule more or less club-shaped. /. Flowers 10-25 mm. broad, plant 2-6 dm. high. Kneifha pumila, p. 585 //. Flowers 25-50 mm. broad. g. Capsule glabrous or sparingly pubescent, with glandular hairs. K. fruticosa, p. 585 gg. Capsule pubescent, with fine incurved glandless hairs. K. linearis, p. 584 ggg. Capsule pubescent, with numerous straight spreading glandless hairs. K. longipedicellata, p. 584 ccc. Petals pink, whitish or purple. d. Fruit a long slender pod splitting lengthwise, seeds with long downy coma. e. Flowers 15-30 mm. broad, purple, in showy terminal racemes. CJiamanerion angustifolium, p. 582 ee. Flowers 4-6 mm. broad, pink or white. /. Leaves linear or lanceolate, entire or nearly so; stem pubescent, with straight spreading hairs. Bpilobium molle, p. 582 ff. Leaves lanceolate, serrate, stem somewhat canescent above with incurved hairs. B. coloratiim, p. 583 dd. Fruit ovoid, hard, nut-like, 1-4 seeded, flowers 8-10 mm. broad; white or pinkish, turning reddish as they fade. Gaura biennis, p. 585 LUDWIGIANTHA Small. Ludwigiantha arcuata (Walt.). Creeping Ludwigia. Ludwigiantha arcuata Walter, Fl. Car. 89. 1788 [Carolina]. Coast strip; rare and local. Mr. Bayard Long, who discovered this interesting- plant, has furnished me with the following information concerning it: "On the northern part of the New Jersey coast there are numer- ous fresh water ponds of appreciable dimensions, but on Long 58o REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Beach Island there are only a few small pond holes, which dry up in large part during the summer. These pond holes are the habitat of such interesting species as Zannichellia palustris and Potamogeton pectinatus in the water, while on the wet, muddy, sandy margin, or on the bottom as the water recedes, are Limosella, Hypericum boreale, Cyperus diandrus, Ilysanthes anagallidia, Scirpus nanus, etc. In such a habitat grows the plant here temporarily referred to Ludwigiantha arcuata. It grows in extensive mats, creeping over the moist sand and mud on the margin of a pond hole at St. Albans. It appears to be a much more robust plant than the southern species and differs constantly from it in numerous characters, the most striking of which is the length of the flower peduncle, which is shorter than the leaves, instead of longer. It has not been possible, as yet, to make comparison with material from Virginia, the nearest known station, but unless this should prove intermediate between the New Jersey plant and material from farther south, the former would appear to represent a distinct species." Pi. — July and August, probably. Coast Strip.— St. Albans (L), (BC). ISNARDIA L. Isnardia palustris L. Marsh Purslane. Isnardia palustris Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 120. 1753 [Europe and Virginia]. — Baf- ton, Fl. Phila. I. 85. 1818. Ludwigia palustris Knieskern 14. — Britton 109. Ditches and edges of ponds ; common in the Northern, Middle and Coast districts. Very rare and probably introduced in the Pine Barrens. PL — Mid-June into September. Pr. — Mid- July into October. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Pemberton (NJ), New Egypt, Delanco (S), Delair, Fairton (S). Pine 5arr^n.s.— Hammonton (T), Pleasant Mills (T). Coast 5"/n>.— Forked River (NB), Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), Palermo (S), Ocean City (S), Holly Beach (UP), Cold Spring (OHB), Cape May (P). LUDVIGIA L Ludvigia sphserocarpa Ell. Globe-fruited Ludwigia. Ludwigia sphcerocarpa Elliot, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I. 213. 1817 [Orangeburg^ S. Carolina]. — Willis 24. — Britton log. — Keller and Brown 232. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 581 Frequent in swamps in the Pine Barrens, Cape May peninsula and southern part of the Middle district. Only reported from! north of our region at Closter, Berg-en County, but occurs also in lower Mercer county. Fl. — Late July to mid-September. Fr. — Late August to mid- October. Middle District. — Delanco, Center Square, Mickleton, Mannington (C), Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Parkdale, Atsion, Newtonville, Pleasant Mills (T), Egg Harbor City (KB), Mays Landing (Leeds), Woodbine. Cape May. — Green Creek (S), Bennett. Ludvigia hirtella Raf. Hairy Ludwigia. Ludwigia hirtella Rafinesque, Med. Rep. (IL) 5. 358. 1808 [near Balti- more].— Willis 24. — Britton 109. — Keller and Brown 232. Swampy ground ; rare and local ; Pine Barrens and lower part of the Cape May peninsula. This plant was known to both Pickering and Nuttall from the State, though who first discovered it in New Jersey I cannot say. Parker obtained it at Atsion, Burlington County, September 26, 1867; Bassett, near Hammonton, August 9, 1879, and Gross near Landisville. On July 22, 1905, I discovered it below Cape May Court House, and subsequently it has turned up in several bogs in lower Cape May. Its strict stem and hairy leaves give it quite a different aspect from the other species of the genus found in our region. Fl. — Early Jlily to late August. Fr. — Early August to late September. Pine Barrens. — Atsion, "Landisville"=Main Road Sta. (T), Hammon- ton, Quaker Bridge (C), Batsto (C), "Burlington Co." Parker (NB). Cape May. — Below Court House, Cold Spring, Bennett. Ludvigia linearis Walt. Linear-leaved Ludwigia. Ludwigia linearis Walter, Fl. Car. 89. 1788 [S. Carolina]. — Willis 24. — Britton 109. — Keller and Brown 232. Swamips of the Pine Barrens ; not common. Fl. — ^Early July to early September. Fr. — Late August to early October. Pine Barrens. — Atsion, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Woodbine.* *The Mays Landing record (KB) seems to refer to something else. There is no specimen in Mr. Lippincott's herbarium. 582 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Ludvigia alternifolia L. Seed Box. Ludzngia alternifolia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. ii8. 1753 [Virginia]. Ludwigia alternifolia Knieskern 14. — Britton 109. Swamps; common throughout the State. Fl. — Early July to late August. Fr. — Early August to late September, and more or less persistent through autumn. Middle District. — New Egypt, Burlington, Fish House, Delaire, PembertOB Jnc. (S), Camden, Oaklyn (S), Dividing Creek. Coast Strip. — Long Branch, Forked River, Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), Holgate's (L), Ocean City (S), Five-Mile Beach, Cold Spring (S). Pine Barrens. — Landisville (T), Winslow (S), Parkdale (S), Woodbine (S). CHAM/ENERION Adanson. Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.). Fire Weed. Epilobium angustifolia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 347. 1753 [Northern Europe]. — Knieskern 14. Epilobium spicatum Britton 108. Frequent in woods and clearings of the northern counties, and not uncommon in our region in burnt ground, apparently recently introduced as a weed along the railroad. Fl. — Early June to early September. Fr. — Late June to late September. Middle District. — N. Spring Lake (NB), New Egypt, Griffiths Swamp, Sicklerville, Camden (C), Bridgeport (H), Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Forked River, Bamber, New Lisbon (C), White Horse, Inslip, Atco (C), Evansville (C), Landisville, Winslow Jnc, Hammonton, Tuckahoe (S), Woodbine (S). Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB). EPILOBIUM L. Epilobium molle Torr.* Downy Willow-herb. Epilobium molle Torrey, Fl. U. S. L 393. 1824 [Schenectady, N. Y.]. Epilobium strictum Britton 109. — Keller and Brown 233. Locally in swamps of the northern counties, once reported from within our limits at Pemberton on authority of Lighthipe (Britton's Cat). * The record of this species at Sea Isle City, given by Keller and Brown, proves to be E. coloratum, that of E. lineare from Cape May {John) is almost certainly the same, though no specimens are preserved. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 583 Epilobium coloratum Muhl. Purple-leaved Willow-herb. Epilobium coloratum Muhlenberg in Willdenow, Enum. I. 411. 1809 [Penn- sylvania].— Knieskern 14. — Britton 109. Damp ground throughout the State; common. Fl. — Late July to early September. Pr. — Mid-August to early October. Middle District.— '!ij/ri<:/.— Farmingdale, Pemberton (C), Canton (C), Mickleton (H). Pine Barrens. — Allaire (S), Quaker Bridge (C), Landisville, Eslelville (T), Mays Landing, Mullica River (Bassett), White Horse (S), Belleplain (S), Williamstown Jnc. Coast Strip.— Pt. Pleasant (S), Seaside Park, Deal (C), Spray Beach (L), Surf City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Manahawkin, Absecon (C), Atlantic City (C), Ocean City (C), Piermont (C), Holly Beach, Cape May (S). Kneiffia longipedicellata Small. Long-stemmed Sundrops. KneifHa longipedicellata Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXHL 178. 1896 [W. Virginia to N. Carolina and Florida]. — Keller and Brown 234. Apparently confined to the Middle district, and very rare. Typical specimens examined from Swedesboro, collected by Mr. Chas. D. Lippincott and others from Williamstown Jnc, the latter growing with C. linearis, but maintaining their peculiarities of pubescence. Fl. and Fr. probably similar to K. linearis. Middle District. — Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Williamstown Jnc. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 585 Kneiffia fruticosa (L.)- Sundrops. (Enothera fruticosa Linnseus, Sp. PI. 346. 1753 [Virginia].— Knieskern 14. — Britton no. Common in the northern counties ; rare southward in the Mid- dle district. Fl. — Early June to early August. Fr. — Maturing apparently later than in K. linearis. Middle District.— New Egypt, Lindenwold (S), Swedesboro, Three miles N. W. Mickleton. Kneiffia pumila (L.). Dwarf Sundrops. CBnothera pumila Linnaeus, Sp. PI. Ed. 2. 493. 1762 [North America]. — Willis 24. — Britton no. (Enothera fruticosa var. ambigua Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 182. 1818. Dry open ground ; frequent in the Northern and upper Middle districts and rarely in cape May County and the Pine Barrens; apparently introduced in the latter region. Fl. — Late May to mid-July. Fr. — Late June to mid-August. Middle District. — Crosswicks, Brindletown, Medford (S), Haddonfield (S), Sicklerville, Cains Mill, Mickleton. Pine Barrens. — Atco, Williamstown Jnc. Cape May.— Cold Spring (S). GAURA L. Gaura biennis L. Gaura. Gaura biennis Linnseus, Sp. PI. 347. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsylvania]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 183. 1818. At a number of stations in the northern counties, mainly along the banks of the Delaware River, rarely southward as far as Camden. Fl. — Early July into October. Fr. — Early September through autumn. Middle District.— 'Pish House, Camden, On the Delaware River (P). CIRC/EA L. Circsea lutetiana L. Enchanter's Nightshade. Circaa lutetiana Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 9. 1753 [Europe and America].— Britton III. Common in woods of the northern counties and occasional southward in the Middle district. 586 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Fl. — Mid-June to late Jul}-. Fr. — Late July to early Sep- tember. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Arney's Mt. (S), Camden Co. (CP), Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. Family HALORAGIDACE^. Water-milfoils. Key to the Species. 0. Flowers perfect, the parts in threes, petals none, plant growing on mud or in shallow water, 2-5 dm. long. b. Leaves with flowers in their axils, lanceolate, serrate ; those without flowers usually pectinate. Proserpinaca palnstris, p. 586 bh. Leaves all pectinate. P. pectinata, p. 587 •«. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, the parts in fours ; plant usually float- ing in water with leaves often whorled and finely divided. When grow- ing on mud, plant very small with leaves reduced. b. Flowering stems practically naked, accompanied by nearly naked, up- right sterile stems, leaves, when present, filiform, undivided, growing upright in shallow water, 7-35 cm. high. Myriophyllum tenellum, p. 587 bb. Flowering stems leafy. c. Flowers on the axils of unmodified foliage leaves. Carpels smooth and plump. M. humile, p. 588 dd. Carpels with prominent, irregular dorsal ridges. M. pinnatum, p. 588 cc. Flowers in terminal naked spikes or in the axils of greatly reduced and modified leaves. d. Leaves in definite whorls, carpels papillose, roughened. M. heterophyllum, p. 588 dd. Leaves variously arranged on the same plant, carpels with irregular dorsal ridges. M. pinnatum, p. 588 PROSERPINACA L. Proserpinaca palustris L. Mermaid-weed. Proserpinaca palustris Linnxus, Sp. PI. 88. 1753 [Virginia]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. L 76. 1818.— Britton 105.— Keller and Brown 234. Occasional in swamps in the northern counties; locally in the Middle district and common along the Coastal strip to Cape May. Mr. K. K. Mackenzie has described as P. intermedia (Torreya 1910, p. 250) a plant from half way between Barnegat Pier and Island Heights Jnc, which has the emersed fruiting leaves pec- tinate with a broad marginal rachis. P. palustris regularly puts forth shoots with this sort of leaves late in the season or where the water in which it grows becomes dried up, and I am by no Bieans convinced that this is not a form of this species, in which PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 587 such branches are fertile. I am indebted to Mr. Mackenzie for specimens from the type collection. Mr. Bayard Long has col- lected the same thing at Bennett, Cape May Co., August 13th, 1911. Fl. — Mid-June into September. Fr. — Mid-July into October. Middle District. — Pine Cottage, Delanco (S), Medford (S), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. Coast Strip. — Long Branch, Barnegat City (L), Brant Beach (L), Surf City (L), Holgate's (L), Mays Landing, Ocean View (S), Piermont (S), Avalon, Anglesea, Cape May Ct. House (S), Cold Spring (S), Cape May Pt. Proserpinaca pectinata Lam. Cut-leaved Mermaid-weed. Proserpinaca pectinata Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl., pi. 50, f. i, L 214. 1791 [North America].— Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. L 92. 1814. — Barton, Fl. Phila. I. y6. 1818. — Knieskern 14. — Willis 23. — Britton 105. — Keller and Brown 234. Common in swamps of the Pine Barrens and Cape May penin- sula, rare and local in the outlying islands in West Jersey. PL — Mid-June into September. Fr. — Mid-July into October. Middle District. — Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Shark River, Forked River, Tuckerton, Manchester (Kn), Speedwell, Bear Swamp, Berlin (C), Atsion, Parkdale (S), Quaker Bridge (NB), Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing. Cape May. — Cold Spring (S), Bennett. MYRIOPHYLLUM L. Myriophyllum tenellum Bigel. Slender Water Milfoil. Myriophyllum tenellum Bigelow, Fl. Bost. Ed. 2. 346. 1824 [Fresh Pond and Tewksbury, Mass.]. — Britton 106. — Keller and Brown 235. In shallow ponds along the upper Coast and on the Delaware River shore, rare and local. Apparently first discovered in the State by Prof. E. H. Day in a shallow pond near the coast at Pt. Pleasant, July 17, 1882. Fl. — Early July into September. Fr. — Early August into October. Flowers and fruits rare and dates somewhat con- jectural. Middle District. — Fish House. Coast Strip.— Ft. Pleasant, Spring Lake (KB). 588 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Myriophyllum humile (Raf.). Low Water Milfoil. Burshia humilis Rafinesque, Med. Rep. (II.) 5. 357. 1808 [New Jersey]. Myriophyllum ambiguum Nuttall, Gen. II. 212. 1818. — Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 164. 1818. — Knieskern 14. — ^Willis 23. Myriophyllum ambiguum var. limosum Nuttall, Gen. II. 212. 1818. Ponds of the Pine Barrens, Middle and Coast districts, fre- quent. Most of the records of Myriophyllum heterophyllum and verticillatum for our region appear to belong here. The species presents a great diversity of form, small plants creeping in mud are form hiiinile, those entirely submerged in deep water are capillacea, and those with an emersed spike natans. Rafinesque proposed a new genus for the terrestrial form, naming it in honor of Frederick Pursh, the first botanist to publish his researches upon the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Un- fortunately a typographical error in Rafinesque's paper makes the genus "Burshia" in honor of "Mr. Bursh." Fl. — Early June into October. Fr. — Late June through autumn. Middle Distrct.—Keyport (C), Freehold (C), Pemberton (NB), Camden, Gloucester (NB), Clementon, Riddleton, Millville. Pine Barrens. — Jackson, Taunton, Landisville, Pancoast, Egg Harbor City (P). Coast Strip.~Des.\ (KB), Toms River (McK), Manahawkin, Wildwood (H). Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walt.). Pinnate Water Milfoil. Potamogeton pinnatum Walter, Fl. Car. 90. 1788 [South Carolina]. MyriopJiyllum scabratnm Willis 23. Myrophyllum pinnatum Britton 105. — Keller and Brown 235. Ponds of the Middle and Coast districts south to Cape May, frequent ; apparently not in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Early June into autumn. Fr. — Late June into autumn. Middle £)/.?/;■/<:/.— Freehold (C), Washington Park (S), Westville (KB), Taunton (S), Swedesboro, Riddleton. Coast Strip. — Wildwood, Anglesea, Cape May (NB and P), Cape May Pt. Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michaux. Various-leaved Water Milfoil. Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michaux, Flor. Bor. Am. II. 191 [Carolina and Georgia]. — Britton 106. — Keller and Brown 235. Very rare wuthin our limits. Collected by F. L. Bassett in 1882 at Hammonton. Pine Barrens. — Hammonton. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 589 Order UMBELLALES. Family ARALIACE^. Ginsengs. Key to the Species. a. Leaves alternate, decompound ; styles 5. b. Umbels numerous, in a large panicle, leaves large, decompound. c. A spiny shrub or tree, leaflets thick, ovate. Aralia spina sa, p. 589 cc. A large, branching .unarmed herb, leaflets thin, cordate. A. racemosa, p. 589 bb. Umbels 2-7, stem short, somewhat woody, leaves bipinnate. c. Plant prickly, with a leafy stem. A. hispida, p. 590 cc. Plant unarmed, leaves and peduncle arising independently from the root-stalk. A. nudicaulis, p. 589 aa. Leaves verticillate, styles 2 or 3. A low herb, 7-20 cm. high, leaves with 3-5 palmately arranged leaflets. Panax trifolium, p. 590 ARALIA L. Aralia racemosa L. Wild Spikenard. Aralia racemosa Linnasus, Sp. PI. 273. 1753 [Canada]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. L 156. 1818. — Britton 119. Frequent in woods of the northern counties, rare southward in the Middle district within our limits. Fl. — Early July to late August. Fr. — Early September into October. Middle District.— HolmA&X (C), Blackwood, Mt. Ephraim (P). Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla. Aralia nudicaulis Linnasus, Sp. PI. 274. 1753 [Virginia]. — Knieskern 16. — Willis 27. — Britton 119. Frequent in woods of the Northern, IVIiddle and Coast dis- tricts; rather rare in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Early IVIay to late May. Fr. — Late June to mid-July (approx,). Middle District. — Shark River, New Egypt, Bordentown, Kinkora, Sickler- ville, Glassboro, Bridgeton (S). Pine Barrens. — Davenport, Albion, Landisville, Tabernacle, Waterford (P). Coast Strip.— Ft. Pleasant (S), Forked River, Cox's Barnegat, Surf City (L), Manahawkin, Holly Beach (UP). Aralia spinosa L. Hercules Club. Aralia spinosa Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 273. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 119. — Keller and Brown 236. 590 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Very rare, Middle and Pine Barren districts ; possibly in part introduced, but certainly native in Delaware. Middle District. — Keyport (C), Mantua (H), probably an escape. Pine Barrens. — Swamp at Ancora, July 28, C. F. Parker (P). Aralia hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla. Aralia hispida Ventenot, Hort. Cels. pi. 41. 1800 [Quebec]. — Knieskern 16. — Willis 27. — Britton 119. — Keller and Brown 236. Open sandy soil of the northern counties occasional or locally common; very rare southward within our limits, in the upper Coast district, according to Knieskern. Mr. C. S. Williamson assures me that it occurred at Asbury Park, though the locality is now destroyed. Coast Strip. — Monmouth and Ocean Counties (C), Asbury Park (KB). PANAX L. Panax trifolium L. Dwarf Ginseng. Panax trifolium Linnseus, Sp. PI. 1059, 1753 [Virginia]. Aralia trifolia Willis 27. — Britton 119. Frequent in woods of the northern counties, rare or local southward in the Middle district. Fl. — Late April to mid-May. Pr. — Mid-May to early June. Middle Dwinc^.— Freehold (C), Farmingdale, Pemberton (C), Medford (S), Timber Creek (P), Haddonfield, Mantua, Mickleton (H), Swedesboro, Marlboro (NB). Family UMBELLIFER^. Carrots, etc. Key to ike Species. a. Leaves simple, undivided or slightly lobed. b. Leaves narrow, mostly spiny toothed, flowers in dense heads. c. Parallel veined. Bryngium yuccifolium, p. 594 cc. Reticulate veined. E. aquaticum, p. 594 bb. Leaves orbicular or ovate, slender petioled, often peltate. c. Leaves nearly orbicular, peltate. d. Pedicels slender. Hydrocotyle umbellata, p. 592 dd. Some of the pedicels very short. e. Fruit notched at each end. H. canbyi, p. 592 ee. Fruit not notched. H. verticillata, p. 593 cc. Leaves nearly orbicular, cordate or reniform, not peltate. H. americana, p. 593 aa. Leaves reduced to hollow jointed petioles or phyllodes, 2-8 cm. tall. Lilaeopsis lineata, p. 598 aaa. Leaves, or some of them, pinnate, ternate, digitate, decompound, or deeply lobed. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN, NEW JERSEY. 591 b. Flowers in simple umbels, leaves pedately lobed. Hydrocotyle, p. 592 bh. Flowers in dense heads, leaves spiny toothed. Eryngium, p. 594 bbb. Flowers in compound umbels. c. Flowers white, pink or greenish. d. Fruit bristly or hairy. e. Leaves digitately, 3-7 parted or lobed. /. Styles much exceeding the bristles of the fruit, re- curved. g. Fruit 6-7 mm. long, sessile, flowers greenish white. Sanicula marilandica, p. 59J gg. Fruit 3-4 mm. long, slightly pedicelled, flowers yellow. S. gregaria, p. 594 //. Styles shorter than the bristles. 5". canadensis, p. 593 ee. Leaves pinnately or ternately decompound or dissected. /. Fruit linear, tapering to the base, ribbed. g. Stem villose pubescent, style i mm. long. Washingtonia claytoni, p. 595 gg. Stem glabrous except at the nodes, style 2 mm. long. Washingtonia longistylis, p. 595 ff. Fruit ovid, bristly. [Daucus carrotaY dd. Fruit smooth, ribbed or winged (rarely somewhat pubes- cent). e. Fruit flattened dorsally {i. e., the two carpels separated by the long axis of the fruit). /. Leaves simply ternate or pinnate. Oxypolis, p. 600 ff. Leaves ternately or pinnately compound. g. Segments oval, plant 6-12 dm. high. Angelica villosa, p. 599 gg. Segments large cordate, plant 1-3 m. high. Heracleum lantatunt, p. 601 ee. Fruit flattened laterally (carpels separated by the short axis of the fruit). /. Fruit linear. g. Leaves 3-foliate. Deringa, p. 597 gg. Leaves decompound, finely dissected. Chcerophylhim, p. 595 ff. Fruit ovate or ovoid. g. Leaves once pinnate. Sitim, p. 597 gg. Leaves pinnately compound. h. Leaf segments lanceolate, plant 9-18 dm. high. Cicuta maciilata, p. 596 hh. Leaf segments narrowly linear, bulblets in the axils of the upper leaves, plant 3-10 dm. high. C. hidhifera, p. 59^ ggg. Leaves finely divided into filiform segments. Ptilimnium, p. 598 cc. Flowers yellow. d. Fruit dorsally flattened. [Pastinaca sativaY * Wild Carrot. An abundant weed in fields, etc. * Wild Parsnip. A weed in damp meadows, etc. 592 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. dd. Fruit not flattened. Leaves mostly biternate, segments in- cised or lobed, rather thin. Thaspium barbinode, p. 599 ddd. Fruit laterally flattened. c. Leaf segments oval or ovate, entire. Taenidia integerrima, p. 597 ee. Leaf segments crenate, lobed or incised. f. Basal leaves 2-3 ternately compound. Zizia aurea, p. 595 ff. Basal leaves cordate, undivided. Z. cordata, p. 596 ccc. Flowers purple. Thaspium trifoliatum, p. 599 HYDROCOTYLE L. Hydrocotyle umbellata L. Umbellate Marsh Pennywort. PI. XC, Fig. 2. Hydrocotyle umbellata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 234. 1753 [Virginia]. — Willis 25. — Britton 112. Common in swampy ground in the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts, especially the last. In the Cape May peninsula the prevalent form has proliferous umbels, but in all other respects appears to be typical umbellata. Pi. — Late June into September. Fr. — Early August through autumn. Middle District— Red Bank (C), Pt. Pleasant (C), Burlington, Charleston (NB and P), Lindenwold (S), Kaighns Pt, Sewell (S), Pennsgrove, Swedesboro, Beaver Dam. Coast Strip. — Forked River, Pt. Pleasant, Absecon (S), Atlantic City, Palermo (S), Piermont (S), Anglesea, Holly Beach (T), Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S), Court House (S), Cape May, Dennisville. Hydrocotyle canbyl C. & R. Canby's Marsh Pennywort. Hydrocotyle canbyi Coulter and Rose, Bot. Gazette XH. 103. 1887. n. n. for H. umbellata var. ambigua Gray Man. Ed. 5. 190. 1867 (nee Pursh) [New Jersey to Maryland]. Hydrocotyle utnbellata var. ambigua Willis 25. Hydrocotyle ambigua Britton 113. Rare in wet ground of the Cape May district. The late Chas. F. Parker apparently first collected it in the State, and August 13th, 191 1, Mr. Bayard Long found it at Cape May Court House, on the edge of the salt marsh. The specimens recorded by Dr. Britton from Cumberland County, collected by PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 593 Mr. Commons, I have examined carefully and feel confident that they are merely stunted H. umhellata. Cape May. — Court House, Cape May (P). Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Whorled Marsh Pennywort. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunberg, Diss. II. 415 pi. 3. 1798 [no locality]. — Britton 113. — Keller and Brown 238. Hydrocotyle interrupta Willis 25. Moist ground, Coast district, not common, extending around to the Bay shore of Cape May County. Flowers, good fruit and buds July 24, 1894 — Wildwood. Coast Strip.— Red Bank (NB), Deal (KB), Atlantic City, Wildwood, Cape May (C), New England (OHB). Hydrocotyle americana L. American Marsh Pennywort. Hydrocotyle americana Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 234. 1753 [North America]. — Knieskern 15. — Willis 25. — Britton 112. Moist shaded places in the northern counties, south locally in the Middle district. Fl. — Early June into September. Fr. — Early July through autumn. Middle District.— Freehold (C), Kcyport (C), Shark River (Kn), Farm- ingdale, Birmingham, Pemberton (C), Mullica Hill (NB), Mantua, Mickle- ton (NB), Camden (C), Swedesboro. SANICULA L. Sanicula marilandica L. Sanicle. Sanicula marilandica Linnseus, Sp. PI. 235. 1753 [Maryland and Virginia]. — Knieskern 15. — Britton 113. Woodland of the Northern and Middle districts, frequent. Fl. — Late May to mid-June. Fr. — Early August to early- September. Middle District. — Squan (C), New Egypt, Vincentown (NB), Lindenwold (S), Camden (C), Swedesboro. Cape May.— Bennett (S). Sanicula canadensis L. Short-styled Sanicle. Sanicula canadensis Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 235. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 113. Woodland of the Northern and Middle districts, frequent; also occasional on the Coastal Strip on the Cape May peninsula. 38 MUS 594 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Fl. — Late May to mid-June. Fr. — Early August to early September. Middle District— DtX&ir, Camden (C), Lawnside (S), Oaklyn (S), Clem- cnton. Coast Strip.— Ft. Pleasant (S), Cox's Atlantic City, Wildwood (UP). Cape May. — Dias Creek. Sanicula gregaria Bicknell. Yellow-flowered Sanicle. Sanicula gregaria Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22. 354. 1895 [Van Court- land Park, N. Y. City]. Known only from Swedesboro within our range, doubtless occurs in rich woods of the northern counties. Fl. — Late May to mid-June. Fr. — Early August to early September. ERYNGIUM L. Eryngium aquaticum L. Rattlesnake Master. PI. LXXXIL, Fig. 2. Eryngium aquaticum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 232. 1753 [Virginia]. Eryngium virginianum Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 136. — Knieskern 15. — Willis 25. — Britton 113. Common on the salt marshes of the coast from Spring Lake southward, and locally along Delaware Bay and the lower Dela- ware River, also on tidewater streams some distance from the shore. Recorded by Torrey from the marshes near Hoboken. A peculiar plant, usually growing with sedges, grasses and other vegetation, its large compound umbels of bluish heads and spiny involucres presenting a peculiar misty appearance at a distance against the dark green of the salt meadows. Fl. and Fr. — Late July into October. Middle District. — Camden, Coopers Creek, Center Square, Swedesboro, Millville. Coast Strip.—Sea Girt, Spring Lake (C), Squan (C), Bayhead, Toms River, Forked River, Island Hts., Coxe's, Barnegat, Mouth of Batsto, West Creek (S), Absecon, Ocean City, Palermo (S), Petersburg (S), Ocean View, Mays Landing (NB), Sea Isle City (S), Wildwood, Anglesea, Tuckahoe (T), Clermont (T), Cold Spring, Bennett (S), Cape May. Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Tall Rattlesnake Master. Eryngium yuccifoliutn Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 164. [Virginia]. — Willis 25. Willis quotes Dr. Gray as authority for its occurrence in the Pine Barrens, and Dr. Britton gives it in his Catalogue as PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 595 occurring "in dry sand between Atsion and Quaker Bridge," on authority of Canby. There is a specimen in the herbarium of Mr. Benj. Heritage, collected by him in the "Pine Barrens, August 25th, 1897." Inadvertently he neglected to note the exact spot, but he thought it was obtained on a trip he took from Atsion to Oualcer Bridge, which is curiously confirmatory of Canby's statement above quoted and of which Mr. Heritage was in ignorance. Pine Barrens. — Atsion to Quaker Bridge? (BH). CH/EROPHYLLUM L. Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.). Spreading Chervil. Scandix procmnbens Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 257. 1753 [Virginia]. — Willis 27, — Britton 115. — Keller and Brown 239. Occasional along the Delaware River from Mercer to Camden Counties, and reported by Torrey from "Hoboken Hills." Fl. — Mid-April to early May. Pr. — Mid-May to early June. Middle District. — Crosswicks, Bordentown (P), Delair, Fish House, Pavonia (P), Beverly, Westville, Below Gloucester (P). WASHINGTONIA Rafinesque. Washingtonia longistylis (Torr.). Smooth Sweet Cicely.* Myrrhis longistylis Torrey, Fl. U. S. 310. 1824 [Geneva, N. Y.]. OsntorJiiza longistylis Britton 115. Frequent in rich woods of the northern counties, rare south- ward to our limits. Fl. — Early May to late May. Fr. — Late July to late August. Middle District. — Crosswicks, Keyport (C), Camden (Bassett), Swedes- boro. ZIZAE Koch. Zizia aurea (L.). Golden Meadow Parsnip. Smyrnium aureum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 262. 1753 [North America]. *lVashingtonia claytoni (Michx.) Wooly Sweet Cicely. Myrrhis claytoni Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 170. 1803 [Allegheny Mts.]. Frequent in rich woods in the northern counties, but not definitely known from within our limits. The only published records are from Middletown (Knieskern) and Camden (Martindale), neither of which I have been able to verify. All other specimens supposed to belong here prove to be longistylis. 596 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Rich woods ; reported from Warren and Hunterdon counties, and occurs rarely in the Middle and Cape May districts. Fl. — Early May to early June. Fr. — Early August to early October. Middle District. — Farmingdale. Cape May. — Cold Spring, Cape May. Zizia cordata (Walt.). Heart-leaved Meadow Parsnip. Smyrnium cordatuni Walter, Fl. Car. 114. 1788. [South Carolina]. Frequent in parts of the northern counties and at one station in the Middle district. Fl. — Early May to early June. Fr. — Early August to early October. Middle District. — Five miles south of Mickleton. CICUTA L. Cicuta maculata L. Water Hemlock. Cicuta maculata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 256. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 114. Common in swamps and along streams in the Northern, Mid- dle and Coast districts and on both sides of the Cape May penin- sula. The most abundant umbelifer of our region, in practically every swamp outside the limits of the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Mid-June to late August. Fr. — Mid-August into Octo- ber. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Burlington, Delaire, Hartford, Haddonfield (S), Camden (C), Mickleton (NB), Swedesboro. Coast Strip. — Bayhead, Manumuskin (S), Barnegat City (L), Tucker's (L), Atlantic City (S), Mays Landing, Clermont, Ocean City (S), Anglesea (UP), Bennett, Cape May (S), Cape May Pt. (S), Bias Creek, Upper EngHsh Creek (T), Dennisville (S). Cicuta bulbifera L. Bulb-bearing Water Hemlock. Cicuta bulbifera Linnasus, Sp. PI. 255. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. L 143. 1818.— Britton 114. Rare along the Delaware in Camden County and frequent in swamps of the northern counties. Nuttall first found this plant in our region, along the Dela- ware, near Philadelphia, subsequently Parker recorded it from PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 597 Camden County, and recently Mr. Bayard Long collected it at Fish House. Middle District.— Camden Co. (C), Fish House, Gloucester (P). DERINGA Adanson.* Deringa canadensis L. Honewort. Sison canadensis Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 252. 1753 [Virginia]. Cryptotcrnia canadensis Willis 26. — Britton 115. Common in woods of the northern counties and occasional in the upper Middle district. Fl. — Early June to early July. Fr. — Late August to late September. Middle District.— Freehold (C), New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Camden (C), Washington Park, Mickleton (H). SIUM L. Sium cicutasfolium Gm. Hemlock Water Parsnip. Stum cicutcefolium Gmelin, Syst. II. 482. 1791 [Siberia]. — Britton 114. — Keller and Brown 241. Sium latifolium Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 141. 1818. Sium lineare Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 141. 1818. — Willis 26. Frequent in swamps of the northern counties and coastal strip, and along the Delaware in West Jersey. This species and Oxypolis rigidior are frequent associates of Cicuta maculata, but are neither of them so generally distributed. The present plant seems to prefer larger, wetter swamps, and is, I think, most abundant along the coast. Fl. — Mid-July to late September. Fr. — Late August through October. Middle District. — Monmouth Co. (Willis), Burlington, Delair, Kaighns Pt., Mickleton (KB), Swedesboro, Salem (S), Bridgeport (KB). Coast Strip. — Long Branch, Forked River (CDL), Bay Head, Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), West Creek, Crowleytown, Absecon (S), Ocean City, Piermont (S), Anglesea, Wildwood, Tuckahoe (S), Cold Spring, Court House. * Tcrnidia integerrima (L). Yellow Pimpernel. Smyrniiim integerrimum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 263. 1753 [Virginia]. Frequent in rocky places in the northern counties, but its occurrence within our limits rests entirely upon Knieskern's statement that it is found rarely on shady banks and in open woods in Monmouth and Ocean Counties. We have been unable to verify this statement. 598 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. PTILIMNIUM Rafinesque. Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.). Mock Bishop-weed. Ammi capillaceum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 164. 1803 [Carolina]. — Barton Fl. Phila. I. 138. 1818. Discopleura capiUacea Knieskern 16. — Willis 26. Discoplenra major Britton 116. Ptilmnium capillaceum Keller and Brown 241. Common on the salt marshes of the coast and up Delaware Bay. Occasional in fresh swamps (introduced?). The finely divided leaves of this little umbelifer, with their almost thread-like divisions, are to be found often buried by taller vegetation along the whole Coastal strip where salt and fresh meadows merge one into the other. Its occurrence inland is probably due to artificial introduction with soil or sand from near the coast, but it seems to thrive quite well beyond all maritime influence. Fl. — Mid-July to late September. Fr. — Late August through autumn. Middle District. — New Egypt, Pemberton Jnc, Kaighns Pt. Maritime. — Long Branch, Pt. Pleasant, Bay Head, Toms River (S), Ocean Beach (T), Spray Beach (L), Manahawkin Beach, Absecon, Atlantic City, Piermont, Anglesea, Wildwood, Palermo (S), Tnckahoe (T), Cape May, Upper English Creek (T), Beaver Dam. LIL>EOPSIS Greene. Lilaeopsis lineata Michaux. Lilaeopsis. PI. XC, Fig. 3- Hydrocotyle lineata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 162. 1803 [S. Carolina]. Crantsia lineata Nuttall. Gen. I. 178. 1818. Lfilceopsis lineata Stone. Bartonia I. 20. 1909. Very rare on the salt marshes of the coast. This humble little plant was first detected in New Jersey by Thomas Nuttall, who found it growing on the salt meadows near "Egg Harbor" — apparently near Beesley's Point. On August 30, 1909, in company with Mr. S. S. Van Pelt, I found it on the marshes below Palermo, in the same neighbor- hood and heralded the event as the rediscovery of the plant* as I could find no record of its having been collected in the State * Bartonia I., p. 20, 1909. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 599 since Nuttall's time. It now develops, however, that Mr. K. K. Mackenzie had collected LilcBopsis between Mantoloking and Chadwick, on the shores of Barnegat Bay, although the fact had never been recorded. I am indebted to him for a specimen from his locality. At Palermo the little plants were creeping over the white sand of a slight depression where a fresh water spring bursts forth near the edge of the salt marsh. Fl. — Early July probably into August. Fr. — Late September probably into October. Coast Strip. — Between Mantoloking and Chadwick on shores of Bamegat Bay (Mackenzie), Below Palermo, Near Egg Harbor (same as last?) THASPIUM Nuttall.* Thaspium trifoliatum L. Purple Meadow Parsnip. Thapsia trifoliata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 262. 1753 [Virginia]. Thaspium- aureuni var. trifoliatum Britton 117. Occasional in open woods in the Middle district, north to Union, Hunterdon and Middlesex Counties. Fl. — Late 'May to late June. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Pemberton, Merchantville (P), Medford (S). Sewell (S), Swedesboro. ANGELICA L. Angelica villosa (Walt.). Pubescent Angelica.f Ferula villosa Walter, Fl. Car. 115. 1788 [S. Carolina]. Archangelica hirsuta Knieskern 16. Angelica villosa Britton 117. Occasional in dry woods or clearings in the northern counties, and southward in the Middle district and in lower Cape May County. * Thaspium barbinode is given in Keller and Brown's list from Magnolia on authority of Dr. Harshberger, but the record cannot be verified. Knies- k rn gives it from Prospertown, but the record cannot be verified. T. aureum seems to be erroneously referred to this region ; all specimens so labelled are Zizia aurea. ^ A. atropurpurea is recorded in Britton's Catalogue from Moorestown, Vineland and Salem, but there are no specimens preserved, and as our field work has utterly failed to discover it I am convinced that these records must refer to A. villosa. Dr. Stokes disclaims the Moorestown record, and the author of the Vineland one made other errors of identification. 6oo REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Fl. — Mid- July to mid-August. Fr. — Late September into Oc- tober. Middle District. — Crosswicks, Lindenwold (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Fairton,. Cape May.— Bennett, Cold Spring (OHB). t OXYPOLIS Rafinesque. Oxypolis rigidior (L.). Cowbane. Sium rigidius Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 251. 1753 [Virginia]. Oenanihe rigidius Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 142. 1818. Archemora rigida Knieskern 16. Tiedmannia rigida Britton 118. Common in swamps throughout the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts north to Bergen, Middlesex and Mercer Counties; rare in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Mid-August to late September. Fr. — Mid-September to late October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Burlington, Brown's Mills, Medford (S), Ashland, Haddonfield, Camden, Tomlin, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Landisville (T). Coast Strip. — Toms River. Forked River, Waretown, Manahawkin, West Creek, Coxe's, Barnegat, Barnegat City (L), Mouth of Batsto, Absecon (S), Petersburg (S). Cape May. — Court House (S), Cold Spring (S), Green Creek (S). Oxypolis rigidior iongifolia Pursli. Slender-leaved Cowbane. Sium longifolium Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. 194. 1814 [New Jersey]. Oenanthe ambigua Nuttall Gen. I. 190. 1818 [Banks of the Delaware near Phila.].— Barton Fl. Phila. I. 143. 1818. Apparently restricted to swamps of the Pine Barrens. The distinguishing character of this form is the narrowness of the leaf segments (rarely over 4-5 mm.) rather than in the entire margin. They are in a majority of cases entire, it is true, but even the narrowest are sometimes lobed, while plants with leaf segments 18-20 mm. wide (rigidior) have them sometimes entire. Fl. and Fr. — Apparently similar to the preceding. Middle District. — Tomlinson's. Pine Barrens. — Toms River (C), Bamber, Quaker Bridge (C), Speedwell (S), Mo. of Batsto, West Creek, Absecon (S), Hammonton (C), Petersburg (.8), Mays Landing (S), Woodbine. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 6oi HERACLEUM L. Heracleum lanatum Michx. Cow Parsnip. Heradeum lanatum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. i66. 1803 [Canada].— Britton 118. Frequent in swamps of the northern counties, descending into our limits rarely, along the Delaware River. Fl. — Early May to early June. Fr. — Mid-June to mid-July. Middle District. — Crosswicks, Camden. Family CORNACE^. Dogwoods. Key to the Species. a. Flowers four parted, perfect, petals present. b. Flowers greenish yellow, surrounded by four white obovate petal- like bracts 26-60 mm. long; fruits red. A tree. Cornus Horida, p. 6oi bb. Flowers white in flat terminal cymes, no involucres. Shrubs. c. Leaves opposite. d. Branchlets, stalks and lower surface of the leaves downy, often rusty; fruit blue, leaves ovate or elliptic. C. anioinum, p. 602 dd. Branchlets smooth, gray ; leaves whitish beneath, not downy, ovate lanceolate, taper pointed; fruit white. C. paniculata, p. 603 cc. Leaves alternate, clustered at the ends of the branches. Branch- lets greenish streaked with white, leaves ovate or oval, whitish and minutely pubescent beneath, fruit white. C. altemifolia, p. 603 aaa. Flowers greenish, five parted, dioeciously polygamous, petals very minute or wanting; fruit bluish-black; leaves oval, glabrous and shining. Nyssa sylvatica, p. 603 CORNUS L. Cornus florida L. Flov/ering Dogwood. Cornus florida Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 117. 1753 [Virginia]. — Knieskern 16. — Britton 120. — Stone, Bartonia L 23. 1909. Common in woods of the North and Middle districts, and occasional in the Coastal Strip and Cape May peninsula. All through northern and western New Jersey the Dogwood is one of the most conspicuous trees of the woodland in spring time. Just as the countryside is tinged with the soft green of opening leaves and the yellow of the oak catkins, the great in- volucrai bracts of the Dogwood, which pass popularly as petals, 6o2 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. grow out rapidly, forming great billowy masses of snowy-white,, which remain very conspicuous in the woods until enveloped in the universal green of unfolding foliage. In the Pine Barrens the tree is absent, but it grows right up to the eastern limit of the Middle district, and like many other "West Jersey" plants reappears in the narrow strip bordering the salt marsh of the coast and in the Cape May peninsula. As we cross the State by rail in mid-spring, v/e can tell the minute we are out of the Pine Barrens by the sudden flash of the white boughs of the Dogwood as we rush past. Fl. — Late April to late May, from buds formed the previous season. Fr. — Early September to early October or through autumn. Middle District. — New Egypt, Birmingham, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Borden- town, Peusauken, Medford (S), Springdale (S), Sicklerville (S), Westville, Wenonah, Woodbury, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Centerton, Quinton, Willow Grove (T), New Germany, Fairton (S). Coast Strip. — Forked River, Palermo, Mays Landing (S). Cape Maj.— Goshen (S), Sluice Creek (S), Court House (S), Cold Spring, Bennett, Cape May (S). Cornus amomum Mill. Kinnikinnik.* Cornns amomum Miller, Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 5. 1768 [Virginia]. Cornus stolonifera Knieskern 16. — Willis 27. Cornus sericea Britton 120. Frequent along streams and in damp thickets in the Northern and Middle districts. Occasional on the coast. A familiar shrub usually associated with Viburnum dentatum and V. scabrellum on the borders of swampy thickets, where it is not wet enough for alders or Viburnum nudum. The white panicles of Dogwoods, Viburnums and Elder are conspicuous in late spring or early summer and resemble one another not a little. Fl. — Mid-June to early July. Fr. — Early August to late August, sporadically later. * It seems almost certain that Knieskern's and Willis' record of C. stolonifera refers to this species, and so probably does the record for Woods- town given by Keller and Brown on authority of Miss Ware. There is no •vidence and little likelihood of this species occurring within our range. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 603 Middle District. — Farmingdale, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Vincentown, Med- ford (S), Locust Grove (S), Clementon (C), Oaklyn (S), Lawnside (S), Kirkwood (C), Fancy Hill, Kaighns Pt., Washington Park, Mickleton, Swedesboro. Coast Strip. — Toms River. Cape May. — Dias Creek (S). Cornus paniculata L'Her. Panicled Dogwood. Cornus paniculata L'Heritier de Brutelle, Cornus IX., pi. 5. 1788 [North America]. Cornus candidissima Britton 120. — Keller and Brown 243. Frequent or coniiiion in dry soil in the northern counties, and occasional southward in the Middle district. Fl. — Early June to late June. Fr. — Early August to late August, sporadically later. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Delanco (C), Mouth of Rancocas (C), Lindenwold, W. Collingswood (KB), Salem (H).* Cornus alternifolia L. f. Alternate-leaved Dogwood. Cornus alternifolia Linnaeus filius, Suppl. 125. 1781 [North America]. — Britton 121. — Keller and Brown 244. Frequent on the edges of woods in the northern counties, becoming less common southward in the Middle district. FL — Mid-May to early June. Fr. — Mid-July apparently to early August. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Kinkora, Pem- berton (NB), Mantua (KB), Kirkwood, Lawnside (S), Magnolia (NB), Pitman, Woodstown (NB), Swedesboro. NYSSA L. Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Sour Guno. Nyssa sylvatica Marshall, Arb. Am. 97. 1785 [Pennsylvania]. — Britton 121. Nyssa aquatica Barton, Fl. Phila., IL 192. 1818. Nyssa multiiiora Knieskern 16. Common in woods throughout the State except in the moun- tains of Sussex and Warren counties; most abundant on the Coastal plain in swamps of the Pine Barrens, Middle and Cape May districts. Fl. — Mid-May to mid-June. Fr. — Early September into October. * Swedesboro record (KB) = C. amomum. 6o4 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Hainesport, New Lisbon, Kin- kora, Delanco, Medford (S), Lawnside (S), Oaklyn (S), Sicklerville (S), Kaighns Pt., Washington Park, Sewell (S), Glassboro, Pitman, Mickleton, Fairton (S), Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Lakehurst, Speedwell, Bear Swamp (S), Cedar Brook, Inskip, Albion, Folsom, Mays Landing (S). Coast Strip.— Ft. Pleasant (S), Forked River, Waretown, Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Piermont (S), Wildwood. Cape May. — Court House (S), Green Creek (S), Cape May (S), Cape May Pt. (S). Series II. GAMOPETAL>E. Key to the Herbaceous Species* a. Flowers minute, closely crowded in involucral heads, stamens usually united by their anthers forming a ring. b. Flowers all expanded into ray flowers, juice milky. CichoriacecB, p. 718 hb. Flowers of the disc tubular, with or without a circle of ligulate ray flowers around the edge. c. Stamens merely connivent, not actually united, pistillate involucre often bur like. Ambrosiacece, p. 724 CO. Stamens united by their anthers in a ring around the style (except in Kuhnia). Compositce, p. 726 aa. Flowers not in involucral heads. b. Upright or prostrate herbs. c. Stamens more numerous than the lobes of the corolla. d. Flowers irregular. e. Petals 4, forming a sort of pendent sac, enlarged at the base, narrowed to a slightly flaring tip. Fumariacece, p. 461 ce. Petals 3, lower one keeled, others lateral, flaring. PolygalacecE, p. 519 dd. Flowers regular. e. Shrubby plants, flowers white or pink. Ericacece, p. 612 ee. Low delicate herbs with three-parted leaves and yellow or violet flowers. Oxalidacea, p. 516 cc. Stamens equal to or less than the lobes of the corolla. d. Corolla regular. e. Stamens equal in number to the corolla lobes. f. Leaves in a single whorl at the top of the stem, flower white, star-like. Trien talis, p. 633 ff. Leaves all basal. g. Flowers greenish, in a long, slender or short globu- lar head. Plantaginacece, p. 6g8 gg. Flowers lavender, in a branching panicle. Limonium, p. 62,^ * Trees, shrubs and aquatic plants are included in the keys on pp. 380-390. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 605 fff. Leaves opposite. g. Reduced to mere appressed scales. Bartonia, p. 642 gg. Somewhat fleshy, clustered at the end of the short stem, 6-1 5 cm. tall. Flowers and whole plant purplish, lower leaves scale-like. Obolaria, p. 643 ggg. Leaves normally developed. h. Abruptly narrowed to winged connate per- foliate base, flowers axillary. Triosteum, p. 711 hh. Leaves not narrowed to a perfoliate or clasp- ing base. i. Flowers yellow. y. Leaves serrate. Diervilla, p. 712 jj. Leaves entire. k. Flowers in a terminal, spike-like raceme. Lysiinacliia, p. 631 kk. Flowers in axillary fascicles on long, slender pedicels. Steirofiema, p. 632 ii. Flowers blue. y. Stamens exserted. Trichostema, p. 664 jj. Stamens not exserted. k. Plant low, 7-18 cm., corolla 8-12 mm. broad, basal leaves spatulate, upper small oblong sessile. Houstonia, p. 701 kk. Plant over 20 cm. tall, corolla 25 mm. long or more. Gentiana, p. 640 Hi. Flowers neither pure blue nor yellow. y. Leaves serrate. k. Flowers in whorls, often forming interrupted terminal spikes, flowers purple. Mentha, p. 673 kk. Flowers in long, slender spikes, axillary and terminal flowers violet or white. Verbena, p. 660 yy. Leaves entire. k. Plants low, prostrate or trailing. RuhiacecB, p. 700 kk. Plants erect. /. Flowers star-like, bright pink or white. Gentianacece, p. 638 //. Flowers small, bell shaped, white, tinged with pink or greenish, juice milky. Apocynum, p. 645 ///. Flowers with reflexed sepals and a rotate crown of five hooded bodies on the tube of the stamens, juice milky. Ascelepias, p. 646 6o6 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. ffff. Leaves in several whorls. g. Flowers minute, white, greenish or purplish. Galium, p. 704 gg. Flowers yellow, showy. LysimacJiia, p. 631 ggg. Flowers pink or green and white, with reflexed sepals and crown, juice milky. Asclepias, p. 54b fffff. Leaves alternate (or a few opposite). g. Leaves pinnate, lobes deeply serrate. Hydrophyllum, p. 657 gg. Leaves slightly serrate, flowers bell shaped, white, 6 mm. long, stem weak and reclining. Campanula, p. 714 ggg. Leaves orbicular, amplexicaul, crenate, flowers rotate, 12 mm. broad, purple. Specularia, p. 715 gggg. Leaves coarsely toothed, large coarse herbs, 3-15 dm. tall, flowers 75 mm. long, white or purplish. Datura, p. 674 ggggg. Leaves entire. h. Glabrous or slightly soft pubescent. i. Flowers blue, 15 mm. long, leaves 125 X 60 mm. Mertensia, p. 658 ii. Flowers white, 50 mm. long. Convolvtilus, p. 653 Hi. Flowers yellow, 12 mm. across, seed in an inflated involucre. Physalis, p. 675 an. Flowers very minute, white, leaves 18 X 12 mm. Samolns, p. 631 hh. Minutely roughened or scrabrous or rough hairy, terminal part of inflorescence often coiled. Boraginacea, p. 658 ee. Stamens less in number than the lobes of the corolla. f. Leaves all basal. Plantago, p. 698 ff. Leaves cauline. g. Plants erect, 3 dm. or more high. h. Leaves serrate, opposite. i. Flowers in terminal, slender spikes. Verbena, p. 660 ii. Flowers in axillar whorls. Lycopus, p. 672 Hi. Flowers in terminal, globular clusters. . . Valerianella, p. 713 hh. Leaves serrate in whorls. Leptandra, p. 683 hhh. Leaves entire, hairy, flowers blue, 25 mm. long. Ruellia, p. 696 gg. Plants creeping or low, less than 3 dm. high, flowers minute, blue or white. Veronica, p. 682 dd. Corolla irregular. e. Anther-bearing stamens 5. f. Flowers white or yellow. Verbascuvj, p. 675 //. Flowers blue. Echium, p. 658 PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 6ojr ee. Anther-bearing stamens 2 or 4. j. Stems leafy. g. Stem 4-angled. h. Leaves opposite, plants aromatic, flowers two- lipped. LabiatcF, p. 661 hb. Plants not aromatic. Scrophulariacea, p. 675 gg. Stem not 4-angled (or if so, not aromatic). h. Stamens united by their anthers into a tubular ring. Lobelia, p. 715 hh. Stamens not united. i. Leaves opposite. j. Flowers in heads on pedicles i-i-S dm. long, leaves entire. Dianthera, p. 697 jj. Flowers minute, scattered in long slen- der terminal and axillary spikes. k. Reflexed in fruit. Phryma, p. 697 kk. Not reflexed in fruit. Verbena, p. 66e /;■;. Flowers single axillary, or in short ter- minal spikes. Scrophulariacea:, p. 675 it. Leaves alternate. Scrophulariacea, p. 675 ff. No normal leaves; leaves reduced to scales; flowers spurred, yellow (or minute, brownish). Utricularia, p. 688 bb. Trailing or climbing vines. c. Stems bright orange, on bushes, etc., no leaves. Cuscuta, p. 654 cc. Stems normal, leaves present. d. No tendrils present. e. Plant trailing on the ground. /. Flowers two (twin) white, terminating the branches. Mitchella, p. 703 f. Flowers in small heads, on pedicels 50-75 mm. long. Lippia, p. 661 fff. Flowers axillary, solitary, yellow. Lysimachia, p. 631 ee. Plant trailing over bushes, etc., or sometimes on the ground. /. Flowers white, pink or blue; large, funnel-form, 25 mm. or more in length. Convolvulacece, p. 652 ff. Flowers greenish, purplish or white minute; leaves whorled. Galium, p. 704 fff. Flowers purple, wheel-shaped, with projecting con- nivent stamens. Solatium, p. 675 ffff. Flowers trumpet-shaped, bright red Lonicera, p. 712 dd. Tendrils present. Flowers greenish in clusters, leaves 5-lobed or angled. Cucurbitacecr, p. 713 6o8 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Order ERICALES. Family CLETHRACE^. Sweet Pepper Bushes. CLETHRA L. Clethra ainifolia L. Sweet Pepperbush. PI. XCIL, Fig. 2. Chthra ainifolia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1057. 1753 [North America] .—Barton, Fl. Phila. 204. 1818. — Knieskern 20. — Britton 163. — Keller and Brown 244. Swamps; frequent or common throughout our district, oc- curring to the north, mainly on the coastal plain, but also at Budds Lake and Lake Hopatcong. This is a characteristic shrub of all the swamps of the coastal plain. Its fragrance fills the air after the somewdiat similar odor- of the swamp Magnolia of early summer has passed away, while its handsome white flower spikes furnish a touch of color at a time when few other shrubs are in bloom. At Manahawkin it is called Soap Bush, from the idea that the flowers when rubbed together in water make a sort of soapy lather. Our results have not been very startling, however. Fl. — Late July to early September. Middle District.— New Egypt, Fish House, Kaighns Pt., Tomlin (S), Black- wood, Clementon, Salem (S), Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens.— Toms River (S), New Lisbon, Forked River, Jones Mill (S), Speedwell, Bear Swamp (S), Landisville (T), Hammonton, Mouth of Batsto River, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City. Coast Strip.— Ft. Pleasant (S), Surf City (L), Harvey Cedars (L), Ship Bottom (L), Beesleys Pt. (S). Cape May. — Cape May. Family PYROLACE^. Wintergreens. Key to the Species. a. Leaves all basal, oval or orbicular. Z;. Flowers 6-8 mm. broad in a distinctly one-sided raceme, leaves dis- tinctly crenate. Pyrola seciinda, p. 610 bb. Flowers 10-18 mm. broad, raceme not one-sided, leaves obscurely crenate or entire. c. Calyx lobes oblong or lanceolate, leaves shining. P. americana, p. 609 cc. Calyx lobes ovate or triangular, leaves dull. d. Blades orbicular, usually shorter than the petioles, 12-25 "i™- long. P. chlorantha, p. 609 PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 609 dd. Blades oval, longer than the petioles, 35-45 mm. long. P. elliptica, p. 609 aa. Leaves opposite or virticillate, lanceolate or spatulate. b. Leaves mottled with white. Chimaphila mactilata, p. 610 bb. Leaves uniform, green, shining. C. umbellata, p. 610 PYROLA L. Pyrola americana Sweet. Round-leaved Wintergreen. PI. XXXVIIL, Fig. 2. Pyrola americana Sweet, Hortus Brittanicus, Ed. 2. 341. 1830, n. n. for P. rotundifolia Pursh, non Eng. Botanists [Canada-Carolina].* Pyrola rotundifolia Knieskern 21. — Britton 162. Frequent in woodlands of the northern counties, and less abundant in the Middle and Pine Barren districts. Occasional on the Cape May peninsula. Fl. — Late June to mid- July. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Haddonfield, Medford (S), Mickleton (H), Yorktown, Bridgeton (NB). Pine Barrens. — Waretown, Landisville, Hammonton (C), Atco (C), Pan- coast (T), Mays Landing (S). Cape M'a:^.— Court House, Bennett (S). Pyrola elliptica Nutt. Oval-leaved Wintergreen. Pyrola elliptica Nuttall, Gen. L 273. 1818 [Philadelphia and woods of New Jersey]. — Britton 163. Frequent in woods of the northern counties and Middle district. Fl. — Mid-June to early July. Middle District. — Phalanx (NB), New Egypt, Moorestown (C), Medford (S), Camden Co. (C), Glassboro (P), Swedesboro, Bridgeton (C). Pine Barrens. — Hammonton (Bassett). Pyrola chlorantha Sw. Greenish-flowered Wintergreen. Pyrola chlorantha »Swartz, Vet. Akad. Handl. 1810. 190. PI. 5 [Sweden]. — Nutt. Gen. L 274. 1818.— Barton, Fl. Phila. 202. 1818.— Britton 163.— Keller and Brown 245. Woods of the Northern and upper Middle districts; every- where local and not abundant. Very rare in the Pine Barrens. Described as a new species P. convoliita by Barton, Prodrom. Fl. Phila., from the "woods of New Jersey," where Nuttall also * Cf. Femald Rhodora, 1904, p. 195. 39 MUS 6io REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. states that it is abundant, specifying "sandy pine forests near Philadelphia." Fl. — Late May to mid- June. Middle District. — Fairhaven (C), Farmingdale, Pemberton (C), Moores- town, Camden (P), Medford, Sumner. Pine Barrens. — Cedar Brook, Greenbank (Bassett) [prob. "Hammonton" (C)]. Pyrola secunda L. One-sided Wintergreen. Pyrola secunda Linn?eus, Sp. PI. 396. 1753 [Europe]. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 299. 1814. — Britton 163. — Keller and Brown 245. Woods of the Northern and upper Middle districts; rare and local within our limits. Pi. — Early June to late June. Middle District. — Freehold (C), Farmingdale, Camden Co. (P), Medford, Blackwood (KB). CHIMAPHILA Pursh. Chimaphila maculata (L.). Spotted Pipissewa. PI. XCI. Pyrola maculata Linrusus, Sp. PI. 396. 1753 [North America]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. 204. 1818. — Knieskern 21. — Britton 163. Dry woods; frequent throughout the State. Fl. — Late June to mid- July. Middle District. — Freehold (NB), New Egypt, Birmingham, Arney's Mt. (S), Brown's Mills, Haddonfield (S), Medford (S), Tomlin (S), Swedes- boro, Yorktown, Centerton (S), Bridgeton (S). Pine Barrens. — Albion, Inskip, Hammonton (Bassett), Manumuskin (S). Coast Strip.— Ft Pleasant (S), Forked River, Manahawkin, Atlantic City (S), Palermo (S), Beesley's Pt. (S), Mays Landing (S), Holly Beach. Cape May.— Bennett, Cold Spring (OHB). Chimaphila umbellata (L.). Plain Pipsissewa. Pyrola umbellata Linnseus, Sp. PI. 396. 1753 [Europe, Asia and North America], — Barton, Fl. Phila. 203. 1818. — Knieskern 21. — Britton 163. Dty woods of the Northern, Middle and Cape May districts; not nearly as abundant as the preceding in our territory; very rare in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Late June to mid-July. Middle District. — New Egypt, Birmingham, Medford (S), Swedesboro, Union Grove (S), Fairton (S). Pine Barrens. — Inskip, Hammonton (Bassett). Cape May. — Cold Spring (OHB), Green Creek. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 6ii Family MONOTROPACE^. Indian Pipes. Key to the Species. a. Flower solitary, plant white — rarely pinkinsh — drying black. Monotropa, p. 6ir aa. Flowers racemose, plant yellowish, often tinged with red. Hypopitys, p. 6ll MONOTROPA L. Monotropa uniflora L. Indian Pipe. PI. XCIII., Fig. 2. Monotropa uniflora Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 387. 1753 [Maryland, Virginia and Canada]. — Knieskern 21. — Britton 164. Woodlands; frequent in the Northern and Middle districts, less common in the Cape May peninsula and apparently quite rare in the Pine Barrens. This curious ghostly, fungus-like plant seems rather out of place in the sandy woods of New Jersey, as we usually associate it with the deep rich forests of the higher grounds, but it seems to flourish very well right up to the edge of the Pine Barrens themselves. Fl. — Early June into September or even October. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Kenilworth (S), Haddonfield (S), Orchard (S), Medford (S), Lawnside (S), Tomlin (S), Clementon, Sicklerville (S), Yorktown. Pine Barrens. — Pt. Pleasant, Manahawkin, Williamstown Jnc, Newtonville. Gate May. — Bennett (S), Cape May. HYPOPITYS Hill. Hypopitys hypopithys (L.). Pine Sap. Monotropa Hypopithys Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 387. 1753 [Europe and Canada]. — Knieskern 21. Hypopithys lanuginosa Barton, Fl. Phila. 200. 1818. Hypopitys monotropa Britton 164. Woodlands; rather frequent in the Northern and Middle districts, rare in the Cape May peninsula and occasional on the eastern edge of the Pine Barrens. The two nominal forms H. americana and H. lanuginosa are represented in our material, but they do not appear to be sepa- rable by any good constant differences. Fl. — Early July into September or even October. 6i2 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Middle District.— N. Spring Lake (NB), New Egypt, Arney's Mt. (S), Brown's Mills, Kaighns Pt, Oaklyn (S), Bridgeton (S). Pine Barrens. — Landisville, Manumuskin (S), Manahawkin. Cape May. — Anglesea Jnc. (S), Bennett. Family ERICACE^. Heath, etc. Key to the Species. a. Petals separate white, leaves 6-14 mm. long, crowded, oval, thick, obtuse, shining; an evergreen shrub 1-4 dm. high. Dendrium, p. 615 aa. Petals united. b. Corolla funnel-form, campanulate or saucer-shaped. c. Funnel-form or salver form. d. A trailing vine, flowers pink and white lO-iS mm. long, leaves orbicular 12-30x25-70 mm. Bpigagea, p. 619 dd. Shrubs ; flowers 35-50 mm. long, leaves oblanceolate or obovate. e. Flowers pink, appearing before the leaves expand. Azalea nudiHora, p. 612 ee. Flowers white, clammy, appearing after the leaves have expanded. /. Leaves glaucous. A. viscosa glauca, p. 614 //. Leaves not glaucous. A. viscosa, p. 613 cc. Corolla campanulate, 35-50 mm. broad, white or tinged with pink, with yellowish dots within. Leaves 10-20 x 3-6 cm., evergreen. Rhododendron, p. 614 ccc. Carolla saucer-shaped, leaves oblong to oval, evergreen. d. Flowers 6-10 mm. broad, deep pink, leaves 30-60 mm. long. Kalmia angustifolia, p. 616 dd. Flowers 16-25 vam. broad, white or pink, leaves 5-13 mm. long. Kalmia latifolia, p. 616 hb. Corolla small, urn-shaped pendant, white, or pink tinted. c. Trailing vine, leaves spatulate, 12-25 mm. long, evergreen. Arctostaphylos, p. 621 cc. Low shrub, 50-150 mm. high from a subterranean stem ; leaves, oval clustered at the ends of the branches, 25-50 mm. long, ever- green. Gaultheria, p. 620 ccc. Erect shrubs. d. Flowers 6-8 mm. long, in conspicuous secund racemes. e. Low bog shrub, 6 dm. high. Cliaincrdapline, p. 619 ee. Tall shrub, 12-18 dm. high. Leucothoe, p. 617 dd. Flowers 10-12 mm. long in lateral umbels. Low shrub, z-^ dm. high. Pieris, p. 618 ddd. Flowers 3 mm. long, in terminal, often dense panicles. Xolisma, p. 618 AZALEA L. Azalea nudiflora L. Pink Azalea, Wild Honeysuckle. PL XCV. Azalea mudiflora Linnjeus, Sp. PI. Ed. 2. 214. 1762 [Virginia]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. 113, 1818. — Knieskern 20. Rhododendron nudiflorum Britton 162. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 613 Common in woodlands of the Northern and Middle districts, occasional in the Cape May peninsula, and very rare in the Pine Barrens. While frequent in the woods of West Jersey, this Azalea is by no means typical of the coastal plain, the following species being the characteristic species of the region. A specimen from Mickleton represents the form known as A. nudiUora glandifcra Porter (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XXVII, 508, 1900). Fl. — Early May to late May, appearing before or with the leaves. Fr. — Early July to late July. Middle District. — New Egypt, Bordentown, Birmingham, Medford (S), Camden (P), Westville, Gloucester, Woodbury, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Quinton. Pine Barrens. — Hammonton, Speedwell. Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB). Azalea viscosa L. White Azalea. PL LrVIIL, Fig. 2. Azalea viscosa Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 151. I753 [Virginia]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. 113. 1818. — Knieskern 20. Rhododendron viscosum Britton 162. Azalea viscosa nitida Keller and Brown 246. Common in swamps throughout the coastal plain and at several stations in Sussex, Warren and Morris Counties in the moun- tains. Very abundant in the Pine Barrens, but rather rare on the coast islands and lower Cape May peninsula. One of our most attractive Pine Barren shrubs. Its white flower clusters fill the swamps with a delicate heliotrope-like fragrance, following close upon the Magnolia and lasting until the white spikes of the Clethra are ready to take their place. The three keep the swamps redolent with perfume nearly the whole summer through. Fl. — Early June to early July, sporadically somewhat later, appearing after the leaves. Fr. — Early September to early October apparently. Middle District.— Farmingdale, Pensauken (S), Brown's Mills, Kaighns Pt., Haddonfield (KB), Medford, Westville, Washington Park, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Elmer (P), Union Grove (S), Dividing Creek. 6i4 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Pine Barrens. — Manchester, Davenport, Forked River, W. Plains (S), Albion, Malaga (P), Andrews', Ancora, Inskip, Winslow Jnc., Egg Harbor City. Coast Strip. — Beach Haven Crest (L), Holgate's (L), Beesley's Pt. (S). Cape May. — Bennett. Azalea viscosa glauca Michx. Glaucous Azalea. Azalea viscosa glauca Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 151. 1803 [Lower Carolina]. — Keller and Brown 246. Rhododendron viscosum glaucum Britton 162. Frequent with the preceding, but not so plentiful. This is not a geographic form in any sense, but seems to occur wherever the true viscosa is found. Fl. — Apparently slightly later than the last. Middle District. — Spring Lake (C), Mickleton 7 miles west ( = Repaupo) ; Swedesboro, Union Grove (S). Pine Barrens. — Allaire, Lakehurst, Forked River, Hammonton, Inskip. Coast Strip. — Peahala (L), Beach Haven Crest (L), Cold Spring. RHODODENDRON 1_ Rhododendron maximum L. Rhododendron. PI. XCIV., Fig. I. Rhododendron maximum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 392. 1753 [Virginia]. — ^Willis 39. — Britton 161. — Keller and Brown 247. Rhododendron maximum album Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. L 297. 1814. Along streams and lakes at various points in the northern counties and down the Delaware to Florence Heights. Also at two isolated localities in Cedar Swamps in the Pine Barrens. The occurrence of the Rhododendron in the flat plains of the Pine Barrens has always been a surprise to me. Associated as it is in my mind with cool shaded slopes of the mountains, it seems entirely out of place in South Jersey. Pursh seems to have been the first one to have recorded its occurrence here, as he mentions under the habitat of the species "Shady Cedar Swamps, New Jersey and Delaware." The stations are remote and not easy of access, so that the plant is not threatened with annihilation as it would be in more frequented spots. On July 9, 19 10, I visited a colony near Sicklerville. My own efforts on a previous trip having failed to discover it, I was fortunate in obtaining directions from a native who had been PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 615 to the "Oleander patch" several times. Entering a low wood I walked for perhaps two hundred yards on a gradual descent until I reached a point where white cedars began to appear, and soon the ground pitched steeply down to the char- acteristic sphagnum bottom of the cedar swamp, with great rank growths of ferns, Woodwardias, Osmimda cinnamomea and Dryopteris simidata. The cedars rose on every hand like tall columns, their dense tops shutting off much of the light, and under them, with tangled and twisted trunks and branches, grew the Rhododendrons, the masses of white blossoms standing out conspicuously against the dark leaves and the general gloom. The high humidity, the absolute lack of motion in the air, and the low basin-like character of the spot made it extremely oppres- sive and the atmosphere seemed fairly reeking with moisture. I have suffered from excessive perspiration in the Rhododen- dron thickets of the Alleghenies much as I did that day in the cedar swamp, and perhaps the similarly humid conditions are what the plant needs. It was interesting to note growing with it another straggler from the north, Ilicioides mucronata, brought evidently by the same climatic upheaval which drove the Rhodo- dendron so far to the south of its usual range. The swamp stretched away on all sides, and one might wander for hours through its gloomy depths without finding this little thicket, or without finding the way out again, if it were not for the path that had been opened up by woodchoppers. Another larger patch of Rhododendrons has been seen by gunners in winter time in the swamps bordering the upper Egg Harbor River, but I could find no one who had visited it in summer, and those who had stumbled upon it in autumn or winter could not find their way back again. Fl. — Late June to late July. Fr. — Early August into autumn. Middle District. — Bbrdentown, Kinkora, Florence (C). Pine Barrens. — Near Sicklerville, Near Atsioii. DENDRIUM Desvaux. Dendrium buxifolium (Berg.). Sand Myrtle. PI. XCVL, Fig. 2. Ledum buxifolium Berg, Act. Petrop. 1:213. 1778 [New Jersey]. Ammyrsine huxifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 301. 1814. Leiophyllum buxifolium Knieskern 20. — Willis 39. — Britton 161. Dendrium buxifolium Keller and Brown 247. 6i6 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Frequent in damp sand of the Pine Barrens, usually in open situations, finding- here the northern limit of its range. This curious little evergreen, like a minature Box-bush, is typical of the very center of the Pines and does not range in New Jersey beyond the limits of this region. The white flowers, which it bears in great abundance, prove very attractive to various in- sects, and entomologists frequently haunt the patches of Sand Myrtle when searching for rarities. Fl. — Early May (rarely late April) to early June. Fr. — Early July through summer. Pine Barrens. — Brindletown, Lakewood (NB), Lakehurst (NB), Toms River, Brown's Mills, New Lisbon, Bamber, Forked River, Barnegat, East Plains, Speedwell, Bear Swamp, Taunton, Clementon, Atco, Jackson (P), Waterford (P), Cedar Brook, Landisville (T), New Germany (T), Winslow Jnc, Hammonton, Batsto (S), Pleasant Mills, Mays Landing. KALMIA L.* Kalmia angustifolia L. Sheep Laurel. Kalmia angustfoHa Linnaeus, Sp. PL 391. I7S3 [Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New York]. — Knieskern 20. — Britton 161. Kalmia glauca Barton, Fl. Phila. 199. 1818. Frequent in sandy ground, especially about the edges of bogs, everywhere except in the Cape May peninsula, where we have no record south of Dennisville. Most abundant in the Pine Barrens, where it often covers large areas. Fl. — Late May to late June. Fr. — Late August through autumn. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Washington Park, Glassboro, Lindenwold (S), Sevvell (S), Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Toms River, Brown's Mills, Bamber, Forked River, Coxe's, East Plains, West Plains (S), Tabernacle, Taunton, Albion, Jackson, An- drews, Cedar Brook, Landisville (T), Hammonton (Bassett), Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Dennisville (OHB). Coast Strip. — Spray Beach (L), Peahala (L), North Beach Haven (L), Holgate's (L). Kalmia latifoiia L. Laurel. PI. LXIV., Fig. I. Kalmia latifoiia Linnasus, Sp. PI. 391. I7S3 [Maryland, Virginia and Penn- sylvania].— Barton, Fl. Phila. 199. 1818. — Knieskern 20. — Britton 161. * Named for Peter Kalm (1715-1779), the Swedish explorer, who visited America 1748-51, and brought back many plants to Linnaeus. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 617 Throughout the State, except on the Cape May peninsula, where we have no record south of Goshen. Common in both dry and moist situations; an abundant plant in the Pine Barrens. The Pines seem to be the chosen land of the Ericaceae, which abound there both in species and individuals. As we visit them in early spring in search of the finest Arbutus that I know of, so by the end of June we may be sure of finding the greatest dis- play of Laurel that can be found anywhere in the Middle States even on the mountains themselves, which are supposed to be its proper home. It is snow white in shady spots and reaches a height of six to eight feet, while in open ground, even out on the plains, it grows in low rounded bushes with flowers of the deepest pink. Unfortunately, the demand for bushes to plant on the estates of the wealthy has caused the nurseryman to nearly ex- terminate it in some parts of South Jersey, and many car loads have been hauled out of the State. Fl. — Late May to late June. Fr. — Late August into autumn. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Crosswicks, Birmingham, Ar- ney's Mt. (S), Medford (S), Washington Park, Eight miles from Mickleton, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Bayhead, Toms River, Brown's Mills, Bamber, Forked River, Barnegat, Manahawkin, West Creek, East Plains, W. Plains (S), Coxe's, Bear Swamp (S), Sumner, Albion, Atco, Andrews, Cedar Brook, Williamstown Jnc, Landisville (T), Hammonton (Bassett), Mays Landing, Manumuskin, Tuckahoe, Dennisville (OHB). LEUCOTHOE D. Don. Leucothoe racemosa (L.). Swamp Leucothoe. PI. C, Fig. I. Andromeda racemosa Linnsus, Sp. PI. 394. 1753 [Pennsylvania]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. 198. 1818. Leucothoe racemosa Knieskern 20. — Willis 38. — Britten 160. — Keller and Brown 247. Frequent in mooist thickets throughout the coastal plain, ex- cept on the coast islands, where we have no records, also at several stations in the uplands of the northern counties. The long one-sided racemes remind one of the Cham^daphne, but they are much less conspicuous, blooming when the leaves are well developed. Fl. — Mid-May to late June. Fr. — Late September through autumn. 6i8 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Arney's Mt. (S), Delair, Fish House (S), Medford (S), Washington Park, Glassboro, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Davenport, Brown's Mills, Forked River, Speedwell (S), Jackson, Cedar Brook, Malaga (P), Landisville, Hammonton (Bassett), Pan- coast (S). Cape May.— Comi House (S), Cold Spring (OHB). PIERIS D. Don. Pieris mariana (L.). Stagger-bush. Andromeda mariana Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 393. 1753 [Virginia]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. 197. 1818. — Knieskern 20. — WilHs 38. — Britton 247. Pieris mariana Keller and Brown 247. Common in sandy ground throughout the Coastal plain, al- though not noted south of Dennisville on the Cape May penin- sula. Also at a few points in the uplands of the northern counties. The flowers of this little bush are the largest and handsomest of any of the urn-shaped blooms so frequent among the Huckle- berries and Ericaceous shrubs. Their dense white masses form one of the attractive features of the sandy road — I will not say roadsides, for they grow quite as frequently in the midde — in June. Fr. — Late May to late June. Fr. — Early September through autumn. Middle District. — Matawan (NB), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Arney's Mt. (S), Pemberton (NB), Medford, Lawnside (S), Washington Park, Linden- wold (S), Mickleton, Mantua, Sewell (S), Glassboro (S), Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Pt. Pleasant, Davenport, Toms River (S), Brown's Mills, Forked River, Tuckerton, Manahawkin, East Plains, West Plains (S), Speed- well, Tabernacle, Bear Swamp (S), Albion, Williamstown Jnc, Atco, Cedar Brook, Landisville, Hammonton (Bassett), Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing, Dennisville (S). Coast 5"^n>.— Holgate's (L), Spray Beach (L), Surf City (L), Peahala (L), Sherburn's (L), Beach Haven Crest (L). XOLISMA Rafinesque. Xolisma ligustrina (L.). Privet Andromeda. Vaccinium ligustrina Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 351. 1753 [Pennsylvania]. Andromeda paniculata Barton, Fl. Phila. 198. 1818. Andromeda ligustrina Knieskern 20. — Britton 161. Xolisma ligustrina Keller and Brown 247. Frequent throughout the State, usually in moist thickets; very- common in the Pine Barrens. While the flowers are the smallest of any of the Andromeda- like shrubs, they are sometimes born in such masses as to be PLAN.TS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 619 quite conspicuous. One specimen in my herbarium has an in- florescence measuring 25 cm. in length. Fr. — Mid-June to early July. Fr. — Early September through autumn. Middle District. — Shark River, Farmingdale, New Egypt, Hartford, Med- ford (S), Westville, Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Mickleton, Tomlin, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Pt. Pleasant (S), Forked River, Manahawkin, Speedwell, Applepie Hill, Bear Swamp, Albion, Andrews, Williamstown Jnc, Winslow (S), Hammonton (Bassett), Weekstown, Folsom, Tuckahoe (S). Cape May. — Cape May. EPIG/EA L. Epigaea repens Lf. Arbutus. PI. xcvni. Bpigcca repens Linnaeus, Sp. PL 395 [Virginia and Canada]. — Knieskem 20. — Britten 160. Found in dry sandy woods throughout the State ; most abun- dant in the Pine Barrens and the mountains of the northern counties. Arbutus seems out of place in the sandy stretches of the Pine Barrens, but, nevertheless, it grows here in luxuriance and with as fine flowers as I have ever seen in richer soil. Sometimes fire sweeps over its haunts and frequently the mid-summer sun curls up its leaves until the edges are brown and brittle, but still it persists and rivals the Pyxie and Helonias as the most attracive early spring flower of the region. Fl. — Early April to early May. Fr. — July, probably. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Birmingham, Fish House, Kirkwood, Glassboro, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Brown's Mills, Bamber, Woodmansie, Waretown, E. Plains (S), Bear Swamp (S), Hammonton (Bassett), Pleasant Mills, Mays Land- ing (S), Palermo, Petersburg (S). Cape May.— Court House, Cold Spring (OHB). CHAM/EDAPHNE Moench. Chamsedaphne calyculata (L.). Leather-leaf, Cassandra. PI. XCH., Fig. I ; PI. C, Fig. 2. Andromeda calyculata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 394. 1753 [Virginia, Canada and Siberia].— Barton, Fl. Phila. 197. 1818. Cassandra calyculata Knieskern 20. — Britton 160. Chamcedaphne calyculata Keller and Brown 247. 620 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Swamps and edges of ponds and bogs. Most abundant in the Pine Barrens and parts of the northern counties, less common elsewhere and apparently absent from the coast and Cape May- peninsula. The small wet bogs of the Pine Barrens where shallow water is always standing and the borders of the large cranberry bogs are covered with a thick growth of this little shrub; the upper parts of the branches are covered with the small, dull green, often brown, leaves, while below is a wiry mass of stems and twigs. In early spring, when the Shadbush and Red Maple are the only taller shrubs or trees to bloom, the Leather-leaf puts forth the one sided racemes of white cylindrical flowers, which have gained for it the name of "false teeth bush." Fl. — Early April to early May, from buds of the previous season. Fr. — Early September through autumn. Middle District. — Shark River, New Egypt, Berlin, Kaighns Pt., Six miles west Mickleton, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Toms River, Brown's Mills, Bamber, Forked River, West Creek, Cedar Bridge, High Bridge, Bear Swamp, Albion, Cedar Brook, Land- isville (T), Buena Vista, Pleasant Mills (T), Winslow Jnc, Hammonton (P), Pancoast, Mays Landing (S), Dennisville (OHB). GAULTHERIA L. Gaultheria procumbens L. Wintergreen. PL XCIII, Fig. 2; XCVIL, Fig. i. Gaultheria procumbens Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 395. 1753 [Canada]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. 194. 1818. — Knieskern 20. — Britton 160. Woods and thickets ; most abundant in the Pine Barrens and in the mountains of the northern counties. Tlie Wintergreen is a characteristic plant of the South Jersey woods, and the berries are often gathered and sold by the natives of the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Late June to early August. Fr. — Late September into Ottober, persisting over winter. Middle District.— Shark River, New Egypt, Medford (S), Sicklerville (S), Braddock's Mill (S), Lindenwold, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Pt. Pleasant (S), Brown's Mills, Toms River (P), Forked River, Waretown, Pasadena, Cox's, Tuckerton, Manahawkin, E. Plains (S), Speedwell, Clementon (S), Cedar Brook, Winslow Jnc, Hammonton (Bas- sett). PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 621 ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adanson. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.). Bearberry, "Uvursy." PI. XCIX ; PI. C, Fig. 3. Arbutus Uva-ursi Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 395. 1753 [Europe frig, and Canada]. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 283. 1814. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi Knieskern 20. — Willis 38. — Britton 159. — Saunders, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 544. — Keller and Brown 248. Reported from three localities on the Palisades and mountains of the northern counties and frequent in the central Pine Barrens. This is one of the species most characteristic of the plains of the Pine Barrens, though it is not so closely restricted to this area of dwarf vegetation as is the Corema. Both are northern species of wind-swept coast and mountain top, which here find their southernmost limit. Mr. C. F. Saunders says of it in this region : "In some places the Bearberry formed a veritable carpet, the dry, astringent berries not yet tinged with the crimson that makes them so conspicuous in winter. The gathering of this plant for shipment to the cities, where it has been more or less extensively employed in medicine, used to be a considerable industry in southern New Jersey. A reminiscence of this old-time trade still lingers in one of the common names of the plant down there, viz., Uvursy — the shop name of the berry being uva-ursi." In early spring the plant is particularly attractive vvhen we find among the dark, shining evergreen leaves the tiny little urn-shaped pink and white blossoms, like diminutive Huckle- berry flowers, but far more delicaate. In mid-summer, on the white sandy wastes, the dense mats of foliage of the Bearberry offer welcome shelter to various grasshoppers, lizards, etc., which go scuttling away as their retreat is threatened. Fl. — Late April to mid-May. Pr. — Early August into Sep- tember, persisting through the winter into the following spring. Pime Barrens. — Lakehurst, Davenport, Toms River, Whitings, Mt. Misery, Hanover, Bamber, Pasadena, Cedar Grove (S), Cedar Bridge, E. Plains, W. Plains, Speedwell (S), Chatsworth, Atsion (KB), Pleasant Mills, Batsto, El wood (KB). 622 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Family VACCINIACE/E. Huckleberries, etc. Key to the Species. a. Trailing vine, corolla, white tinged with pink, deeply four parted, with reflexed lobes. Berry large, crimson. Oxycoccus, p. 627 aa. Erect shrubs. b. Flowers open, campanulate, yellowish or purplish green, berry green or yellowish. Polycodium, p. 624 bb. Flowers cylindrical, bell-shaped. c. Leaves entire. d. Pale and glaucous beneath. ' e. Berries in loose racemes, bracts foliacious, deciduous flowers greenish pink. Gaylussacia frondosa, p. 623 ee. Berries in more compact racemes, bracts none. /. Bushes 2-4 m. high. g. Berries black, flowers pink, appearing before the leaves, leaves pubescent beneath. Vaccinium atrococcum, p. 626 gg. Berries blue, flowers white, appearing with the leaves, leaves nearly or quite glabrous. V. corymbosum, p. 624 ff. Bushes 1.5-8 dm. high, berries blue, leaves glabrous, flowers pink. V. vaccillans, p. 627 dd. Leaves resinous dotted, green on both sides, racemes leafy, berries black. e. Bracts inconspicuous, deciduous. Gaylussacia baccata, p. 624 ee. Bracts leaf-like, persistent, berries somewhat hisped. G. dutnosa, p. 623 cc. Leaves serrate, small twigs green. d. Leaves narrowly oval-oblong 25-65X12-25 mm. e. Shrub ch-30 dm. high. Vaccinium virgatum, p. 625 ee. Shrub 1.5-8 dm. high. V. vaccillans, p. 627 dd. Leaves acute at both ends, 18-36X6-12 mm., shrub 1.5-6 dm. high. V. pennsylcanicum, p. 626 Large quantities of huckleberries are gathered and shipped out of southern New Jersey every year. Vaccinmni corym- bosum yields the best berry, but it is not so plentiful as the lower species, and growing in the swamps is harder to get at. The bulk of the crop consists of V. vaccillans, Gaylussacia baccata and G. frondosa. The somewhat hispid berries of G. dumosa — "Grouseberry" as it is locally called — do not seem to be market- able, while Vaccinium pennsylvaniatm, such an abundant fruit bearer in the mountains, does not seem to develop full-sized fruit in this region, at least not in the lower part. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 623 Gaylussacia baccata is probably the most abundant species, and is popularly known as "Hog huckleberry." GAYLUSSACIA Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth. Gaylussacia frondosa (L.). Blue Huckleberry. PI. CIL, Fig. I. Vaccinium frondosum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 351 1753 [N. America]. — Barton, FL Phila. 196. 1818. Vaccinium frondosum var. lanceolatum Pursh, I. 286. 1814 [N. J. to Caro- lina]. Gaylussacia frondosa Knieskern 20. — Britton 158. — Keller and Brown 248. Dry woodland ; frequent throughout but mainly on the coastal plain and most abundant in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Late May to late June. Fr. — Mid- July into September. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Arney's Mt. (S), Fish House (S), Kaighns Swp., Medford (S), Repaupo, Tomlin (S), Sewell (S), Clementon, Sickler- ville, Glassboro, Dividing Creek (S). Pine Barrens. — Pt. Pleasant (S), Toms River (S), Brown's Mills, Bamber, Forked River, Tuckerton, W. Plains, Speedwell, Chatsworth, Bear Swamp (S), Albion, Cedar Brook, Winslow (S), Mouth of Batsto, Egg Harbor City (S), Tuckahoe (S). Coast Strip.— Erdint Beach (L), Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), Beach Haven (L), Holgate's (L). Cape May. — Court House (S), Cape May. Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.).* Leafy-bracted Huckleberry. PI. CH., Fig. 3. Vaccinium dumosum Andrews, Bot. Rep. H. pi. 112. 1799 [North America]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. 195. 1818.— Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. I. 285. 1814. Gaylussacia dumosa Knieskern 20. — Britton 158. — Keller and Brown 248. Plentiful throughout the Pine Barrens and locally in the Mid- dle and Cape May districts, in open sandy swamps. Fl. — Late May to late June. Fr. — Late July into September. Middle District. — Shark R., Squan (NB), Farmingdale, Burlington, Kaighns Pt., Griffith's Swp., Kirkwood, Sewell (S), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Manchester, Lakehurst, Davenport, Bamber, Forked River, Mayetta, E. Plains, Speedwell, Bear Swamp, Clementon, Albion, Jackson, Atco, Andrews, Williamstown Jnc, Cedar Brook, Landisville (T), Winslow (S), Hammonton, Quaker Bridge, Egg Harbor City, Folsom, Twelfth St. (T), Mays Landing, Woodbine, Tuckahoe (S). Cape May. — Dias Creek (S). * I fail to distinguish the variety bigeloviana, proposed by Prof. Femald, of. Rhodora 191 1, 99. 624 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Gaylussacia baccata Wang.f Black Huckleberry. PI. CIL, Fig. 2. Vaccinium baccatum Wangenheim, Brit. Am. 30, pi. 39, f. 69. 1787 [New York]. Vaccinium resinosum Barton, FI. Phila. 196. 1818. Gaylussacia resinosa Knieskern 20. — Britten 158. Dry woodland ; common throughout the State. PL — ^Early May to early June. Fr. — Early Jul)'- into August Middle District. — Farmingdale, Arneys Mt. (S), Merchantville, Medford (S), Clementon (S), Sicklerville (S), Swedesboro. pine Barrens. — Toms River, Brown's Mills, New Lisbon, Bamber, Ware- town, E. Plains, W. Plains, Speedwell, Cedar Brook, Landisville (T), Wins- low (S), Atsion (NB), Head of Batsto, Pleasant Mills (NB), Tuckahoe (S). Coast Strip. — Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven Crest (L), Piermont (S). Cape May.. — Court House (S). POLYCODIUM Rafinesque. Polycodium stamineum (L.). Deerberry. Vaccinium stamineum Linnasus, Sp. PI. 350. 1753 [North America]. — Bar- ton, Fl. Phila. 195. 1818. — Knieskern 20. — Britton 158. ? Vaccinium album Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 285. 1814 [New Jersey to] Carolina.] Frequent in woodlands of the northern counties and rare southward in the Middle district only. Fl. — Mid-May to early June. Fr. — Early September through autumn. Middle District. — Bordentown, Washington Park, Mickleton, Delair. VACCINIUM L. Vaccinium corymbosum L. Tall Blueberry. PI. CI., Fig. I. Vaccinium corymbosum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 350. 1753 [North America]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. 196. 1818. — Knieskern 20. — Britton 149. Frequent in swampy thickets throughout the State. Fl. — Early May to late May, appearing when the leaves are partly expanded. Fr. — Early July to early August, sporadically through the latter month. This is the most frequent tall blueberry. It varies 'a good deal in the size of flowers and fruit and in leaf characters. These variations are discussed under V. cccsariense below. t cf. Mackenzie Torreya 1907 : 60. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 625 Middle District. — Farmingdale, Bordentown, New Egypt, Kaighns Pt., Pen- sauken (S), Washington Park, Westville, Mickleton, Mantua, Sicklerville (S), Swedesboro, Union Grove (S), Quinton, Beaver Dam. Pine Barrens. — Toms River (S), Forked River, Manahawkin, Speedwell, Harris, Penbryn (S), Head of Batsto, Cedar Brook, L,andisville (T), Weeks- town, Egg Harbor City, Dennis (S). Coast Strip.— Ocean City (S), Piermont (S), Surf City (L), Spray Beach Vaccinium virgatum Ait. Southern Black Blueberry. Vaccimium virgatum Aiton, Hort. Kew. H. 12. 1789 [North America]. — Mackenzie, Torreya VH. 144. Pine Barrens; rather local. Fl. and Fr. — Apparently similar to V. corymhosum. Pine Barrens. — New Lisbon, Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant, Speedwell, Chats- worth, Lakehurst (Mackenzie). Vaccinium caesariense Mackenzie. New Jersey Blueberry. Vaccinium ccesariense Mackensie, Torreya 1910. 230 [Toms River]. Frequent in the Pine Barrens. Fl. and Fr. — Apparently similar to V. corymhosum. Middle District. — Woodbury. Pine Barrens. — Pleasant Mills. Coast Strip. — Five-Mile Beach. There seem to be, as stated by Mr. Mackenzie, three forms of tall Blueberry in the New Jersey coastal plain. Material is not available for a satisfactory study of the flowers as compared with the tall Blueberries of eastern Pennsylvania or northern New Jersey, but considering leaves only we have within our limits, (i) a form with finely serrate leaves {virgatum) some- what pubescent below, apparently restricted to the Pine Barrens in southern New Jersey, although some specimens from the Cape May peninsula are intermediate between this and the next, the serration being obscure, but clearly present; (2) a form with entire leaves somewhat pubescent below, particularly on the veins {corymhosum) and (3) an entire leaved absolutely glab- rous form {cccsariense) . The last two occur also on the Alleghenies of Sullivan and Wyoming Counties, Pennsylvania, and doubtless elsewhere in the intervening country, while a serrate-leaved very pubescent plant was found by Mr. E. B. Bartram, at Bangor, Northampton Co., Penna. 40 MUS 626 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. V. corymhosum is admittedly wide ranging, and the evidence is suggestive that the other forms are to be found materially north of the New Jersey coastal plain, unless it be found that the more northern specimens have distinctive floral characters. If not, it seems possible that some older names may have to be considered in straightening out the nomenclature of the group. Provisionally, however, the New Jersey plants had better be named in accordance with Mr. Mackenzie's conclusions. Vaccinium atrococcum (Gray). Black Blueberry. Vaccinium corymhosum var. atrococcum Gray, Man. Ed. V. 292. 1867. [Eastern North America]. Vaccinium disomorphum Britton 159. Vaccinium atrococcum Keller and Brown 249. Moist thickets throughout our region and also northward in Bergen and Hudson Counties. Fl. — Late April to mid-May, appearing before or with the leaves. Pr. — Late June to late July, sporadically into August. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Burlington (C), Pemberton (NB), Wash- ington Park, Woodbury, Mickleton, Palatine, Alloway, Union Grove (S).* Pine Barrens. — Forked River (C), Toms River (S), Mayetta, Chatsworth, Winslow (S), Egg Harbor City. Coast Strip. — Surf City (L), Peahala (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Spray Beach (L). Cape May. — South Dennis, Court House (S), Cold Spring. Vaccinium pennsylvanicum Lam. Narrow-leaved Dwarf Blueberry. PI. CI., Fig. 2. Vaccinium pennsylvanicum Lamarck, Encycl. L 74. 1783 [Pennsylvania]. — — Knieskern 20. — Britton 159. — Keller and Brown 249. Vaccinium tenellum Barton, Fl. Phila. 197. 1818. Frequent in the northern counties and northeastern part of the Middle district, less common in the southern part, generally near the edge of the Pine Barrens, but very rare in that region itself. Fl. — Late April to mid-May, appearing with the leaves. Fr. — Late June to late July, rarely slightly later. * Swedesboro (KB) =: J/, vaccilans. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 627 Middle District. — Shark River, Farmingdale, Bordentown, Kirkwood, Pen- sauken (S), Ameys Mt. (S), Pemberton (C), New Lisbon, Brown's Mills, Fish House (S), Haddonfield (KB), Taunton, Westville (KB), Ballingers Mill, Lindenwold, Fairview (H), Atco (C), Clementon, Swedesboro (CDL), Elsinboro (C), Millville (KB). Pine Barrens. — Bamber.* Vaccinium vaccillans "Kalm," Torrey. Low Blueberry. PI. CI., Fig. 3. Vaccinium vaccillans "Kalm," Torrey Fl. N. Y. I. 44. 1843 [near New York]. — Britton 159. Dry woods ; common throughout the State. Pi. — Early May to late May, when the leaves are partly ex- panded. Fr. — Late June to late July, rarely slightly later. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Bordentown, Pensauken (S), Arney's Mt., Delaire, Fish House (S), Medford (S), Woodbury Hts., Sicklerville (S). Pine Barrens. — Davenport, Toms River, Bamber, Forked River, E. Plains, W. Plains, Speedwell, Clementon, Cedar Brook, Tuckahoe, Somers Pt. (NB). Coast Strip. — Five-Mile Beach. Cape May. — Court House (S). OXYCOCCUS Hill. Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait). Cranberry.f PI. XCVn., Fig. 2. Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, Hort. Kew. II. 13 pi. 7. 1789 [North America]. Oxycoccus macrocarpus Barton, Fl. Phila. 184. 1818. — Britton 158. — Keller and Brown 250. Vaccinium Oxycoccus Knieskern 20. Locally in Bergen, Essex and Hudson Counties and plentiful in the bogs of the Pine Barrens; rarely in the Middle and Cape May districts. The cultivation of the Cranberry is to-day the principal in- dustry of the Pine Barrens, and every year acres of natural bog, *The Hammonton record (KB) has not been verified, and is, I think, very doubtful. t Cf. Wm. Saunders, Cranberry Culture, U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bul- letin 13. 1894. J- B. Smith, Insects Injurious in Cranberry Culture, U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bulletin 178. 1903. C. L. Shear, Cranberry Diseases, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bulletin no. Bureau Plant Industry. 1907. Prof. Willis in his catalogue, p. 37, states that Vaccinium oxycoccus occurs in Ocean and Monmouth counties, but that it is rapidly being supplanted by the larger V. macrocarpon. I find no other evidence, and think that the smaller cranberry to which he referred was merely the wild native form of O. macrocarpus. 628 RUPOkT Ol' NI'AV jI':RvSI':y STATE MUSEUM. open savanna land or cleared eedar swamp are eonveiied into ciillivalcd hoi;'. 'I'lie usual piocedtne is to coiisdiui a dyke or (lam across llic shcam wliicli waters tlie tract and alonjj^ the sides (if llu- area also wherever the nalnral slope of Ihe land is not sufficient to serve as a barrier; ditches are then cnt (iuoui;!! at intervals and the vines are pl.anled. In the late autnnm oi' early winlei' llie llood^ates are pnl y Italians, who arc bronidit down from riiiladelphia and other neij^'hborinpf cities in lai'^e ninnbers, accom])anied by their wives and families, all of whom aid in the work. Tiu-ir camps, with blaziuj:;' fires and music at nij;hl, an- (juile i)itluresipie, ollset ;is (hey are by the darkness of (he surronndini; fores( and cedar swamps. PI. — Mid-june (o mid-jnly. I'r. — l- tcnibcr, persisting over winter. *Srf V\. CXXIX. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 629 Middle Dw/n'cf.— Farmingdalc, New Egypt, Burlinp:ton, Washington Park, Mickleton, Clcmenton (S), Centerton (S), Union Grove (S), Swcdesboro, Repaiipo (CDL), Beaver Dam. Beaver Dam. Pine Barrens. — Pt. Pleasant, Davenport, Toms River, Hanover, Brown's Mills, Forked River, Bear Swamp (S), Kenilwortli (S), Speedwell, Bal- lingcr's Mill. Albion, Andrews, Cedar Brook, l.andisvillc (T), Inskip, Ham- monton, Krp: Harbor City, Folsom, Ab.secon, Palermo. Coast 6-fM>.— Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), Beach Haven (L), Holgate's (L), Seaside Park (S). Cape Ma3'.— Dias Creek (S). Family DIAPKNSTACE.T^. Diapcnsia, etc. PYXIDANTHERA MIchaux. Pyxidanthera barbuiata MIchx. Pyxle. PI. XXXIV., Fig. I. Pyxidanthera barbuiata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 152 pi. 17. 1803 [Upper Carolina]. — Knieskern 24. — Willis 48. — Britton 164. — Keller and Brown 250. Diapensia cuneifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 148. 1814. Plentiful in the white sand of the Pine Barrens, also at several localities in Middlesex County and one in Camden County in the Middle district. The Pyxie to some extent takes the place of the Hepatica in the Pine Barrens as one of the emblems of spring. Certainly there are few more attractive sights in the still brown woods than its white starry blossoms looking f(M-th from their green moss- like setting and often partly covered by dead strands of grass or withered leaves which have covered them during the winter. The Pyxie seems to grow both in dry and moist situations, but always in sand, sometimes forming patches a foot in diameter, with little sprays trailing off from the main colony each lined with the little round petaled flowers. PL — Early April to early May. Middle District. — GrifTith's Swamp. Pine Barreus.—Sh^rk River (P), Brindletown, Toms River (NB), Brown's Mills, Baniber, Woodmansie, Forked River, Waretown, Manchester (NB), Cedar Bridge, E. Plains, Bear Swamp, Clcmenton, Smnner, J.ickson, Cedar Brook, Walcrford (P), Landisvillc, Millville, Ilammonton, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (S), Belloplain (OIIB). 630 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Order PRIMULALES. Family PRIMULACE^. Primroses, etc. Key to the Species. a. Plants of ponds or marshes, with inconspicuous flowers. b. Aquatic herb, with crowded submersed pinnate leaves and a thick emersed spike of small flowers. Hottonia, p. 630 hh. Small, prostrate, maritime herbs with opposite fleshy leaves and minute axillary flowers. Glaux, p. 633 aa. Plants of swamps or dry ground, flowers conspicuous. b. Flowers white. c. Not over 2 mm. broad in an elongated terminal raceme ; leaves alternate, obovate, obtuse 20-80 mm. long. Samolus, p. 631 cc. Flowers 8-12 mm. broad, few or solitary, leaves lanceolate or oblong lanceolate, clustered in a whorl at the top of the stem. Trientalis, p. 633 bb. Flowers yellow. c. Plant trailing, flowers axillary, solitary. [Lysimachia nummulariaY cc. Plant erect. d. Leaves verticillate. L. quadrifolia, p. 631 dd. Leaves opposite. e. Flowers not over 10 mrrt broad, in a terminal raceme. /. Raceme leafy only at the base. L. terrestris, p. 631 ff. Raceme leafy to the middle. L. producta, p. 632 ee. Flowers 10-25 mm. broad, axillary and slender peduncled. f. Petioles strongly ciliate, plant 3-12 dm. high. Steironema ciliata, p. 632 ff. Petioles not ciliate, plant 1.5-9 dm. high. S. lanceolata, p. 632 hbb. Flowers scarlet, axillary, 4-6 mm. broad, leaves opposite, black dotted below. [Anagallis arvensis]* HOTTONIA L. Hottonia inflata Ell. Featherfoil. Hottonia inflata Elliott, Lot. S. C. and Ga. 1:231. 1817 [Millidgeville. Ga,]. — Britton 164. — Keller and Brown 250. In ponds, etc., rare; several localities in Bergen County; two in the Middle and one in the Cape May district. Fl. — May and June specimens show flower, mature capsules and buds. * Money-wort, "Wandering Jew," a bad weed in lawns. * Scarlet Pimpernel, a weed in waste ground. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 631 Middle District. — Eatontown (C), Riddleton. Cape ilfa3/.— Green Creek (OHB). SAMOLUS L. Samolus floribundus H.B.K. Water Pimpernel. Samolus floribundus Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth, Nov. Gen. II. 224. 1818 [near Callao, Peru]. — Keller and Brown 250. Samohis Valerandi var. floribundus Britton 166. Samolus Valerandi Nuttall, Gen. I. 121. 1818. Samolus Valerandi var. Americanus Knieskern 22. — Willis 41. Common along the edges of the Maritime marshes of the coast, also in the Middle district; at two localities in Burlington County and two in Hunterdon County. Fl. — Late May into October. Middle District. — Rancocas Creek, Medford (S). Coast Strip. — Sea Bright, Long Branch, Pt. Pleasant, Seaside Park, Forked River, Spray Beach (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Ship B^ottom (L), Absecon (S), Atlantic City, Palermo (S), Piermont, Wildwood, Holly Beach, Cold Spring (S), Cape May. Also a specimen in Bassett's herbarium, from Hammonton, which I re- gard as of coastal origin ; see p. 800. LYSIMACHIA L. Lysimachia quadrifolia L. Whorled Loosestrife. Lysimachia quadrifolia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 147. 1753 [Virgfinia]. — KnieskerS' 21. — Britton 165. Open woods, clearings, etc.; frequent in the Northern and Middle districts. Occasional in the Coast strip and Cape May peninsula ; also in the Pine Barrens, where it is apparently intro- duced. PI. — Early June to late June. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Medford (S), Washington Park, Lindenwold (S). Mickleton, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Landisville, Winslow Jnc, Hammonton (Bassett). Coast Strip. — Cox's. Cape May.—CoXA Spring (OHB). Lysimachia terrestris (L.). Buib-bearing Loosestrife. Viscum terrestris Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1023. 1753 [Philadelphia]. — Brittoa 165. Lysimachia stricta Knieskern 21. Lysimachia raccmosa Barton, Fl. Phila. 104. 1818. Low swampy ground; frequent throughout the State. A common species in the Pine Barrens, where the preceding is 632 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. absent or practically so. The supposed hybrid, L. producta (Gray), has been collected at Burlington by S. W. Conrad. Curious little jointed bulblets grow out from the axils of the leaves in late summer producing an appearance quite different from that presented at the flowering season. Specimens in this condition were mistaken by Linnaeus for a terrestrial Mistletoe, which accounts for the plant being originally described in the genus Viscum. Fl. — Mid- June to early July. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Hartford, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Kaighns Pt., Washington Park, Lindenwold (S), Mickleton. pine Barrens. — Toms River, Forked River, Bear Svi^amp, Clemcnton, Jackson. Albion, Landisville (T), Atsion, Hammonton (Bassett), Folsom, Palermo. Coast Strip.—Suri City (L), Spray Beach (L), Ship Bottom (L). Cape May. — Cold Spring (S). STEIRONEMA Rafinesque. Steironema ciliatum (L.). Fringed Loosestrife. Lysimachia ciliata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 147. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Barton Fl. Phila. 105. 1818. — Knieskern 22. — Willis 41. Steironema ciliatum Britton 165. Edges of low woods and thickets; frequent in the Northern and upper Middle districts. Fl. — Mid-June to late July. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Delair, Camden, Oaklyn (S), Washington Park, Swedesboro. Steironema lanceolatum (Walt.). Lance-leaved Loosestrife. Lysimachia lanceolata Walter, Fl. Car. 92. 1788 [Carolina]. Steironema lanceolatum Britton 165. — Keller and Brown 251. ^Lysimachia angustifolia Barton, Fl. Phila. 105. 1818. Low grounds of the northern counties and rarely southward in the Middle district. This is one of the species that extend southward along the Dela- ware River, seldom occurring far from its shores. FL — Early July to mid-August. Middle District. — Florence, Delanco, Washington Park (KB), between Camden and Glassboro, Swedesboro (CDL), Mickleton. Also a specimen from Main Road Station in the Pine Barren region, col- lected by C. A. Gross, and, like many other plants from the same vicinity, obviously introduced. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 633 TRIENTALIS L. Trientalis borealis Raf. Star Flower. Trientalis borealis Rafinesque, N. Y. Med. Repos. 354 [New England and Canada]. New name for "T. europaa, American form" of Michaux [New England and Canada]. Trientalis americana Knieskern 21. — Britton 165. — Keller and Brown 251. Generally distributed in woodland throughout the State, but apparently most plentiful in the northern counties and along the coast. Fl. — Early May to early June. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Pemberton (C), Moorestown (NB), Camden (P), Gloucester (C), Woodbury, Mickleton, Clementon (KB), Quinton (C), Buckshutem. Pine Barrens.— Davenport, Toms River (NB), Ancora (KB), Vineland (C), Hammonton (C), Pleasant Mills, Mouth of Batsto, Mays Landing, Manumuskin (S), Absecon (S). Coast Strip.— Deal (KB), Ocean Grove (H), Bay Head, Pt. Pleasant, Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), Cox's, Manahawkin, West Creek, Atlantic City (P), Piermont (S), Anglesea, Wildwood. Cape May. — South Dennis, Goshen (S), Bennett, Cold Spring. GLAUX L. Glaux maritima L. Sea Milkwort. Glaux maritima Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 207. 1753 [Europe].— Britton 166. This plant was collected many years ago at Deal Beach by the late Aubrey H. Smith. Dr. Britton regarded it as "a fugitive fiom further north," but as it has been found in abundance at Chestertown, Maryland, by Mr. E. G. Vanatta, there seems no reason why we should regard the plant as other than a native of our coast. There are specimens in the Philadelphia herbarium from Deal, but it has not been found elsewhere in the State. Coast Strip. — Deal — August — fresh flowers. Family PLUMBAGINACE^. Sea Lavender, etc. LIMONIUM Adanson. Limonium carolinianum (Walt.). Sea Lavender. Statice carolinianum Walter, Fl. Car. 118. 1788 [Carolina]. — Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. L 212. 1814. — ^Willis 40. Statice Limonitim Knieskern 21. — Willis 40. Statice Limonium var. Carolinianum Britton 164. Limonium Carolinianum Keller and Brown 252. 634 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Frequent on the salt marshes of the coast and lower Delaware bay. PL — Late July into September. Coast Strip. — Sandy Hook, Shark River, Manasquan, Pt. Pleasant, Forked River, Barnegat Pier, Spray Beach (L), Barrel Island (L), Tuckerton, Ab- secon (Bassett), Atlantic City, Ocean City, Avalon, Stone Harbor (S), Anglesea, Wildvvood, Cold Springs (S), Cape May. Order EBENALES. Family EBENACE^. Ebony, Persimmon, etc. DIOSPYROS L. Diospyros virginiana L. Persimmon. Diospyros virginia'na Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1057. 1753 [North America]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. H. 198. 1818.— Knieskern 21.— Britton 166. Common in fields and thickets of the Middle and Coast dis- tricts south to Cape May; casual north of the fall line in the northern counties — Morris, Hunterdon, Somerset, Essex, Union, Hudson — but apparently absent from the Pine Barrens, except along the edges. The Persimmon is one of the typical Carolinian trees which give to the low woods of western New Jersey their austral tone. Its distribution is identical with that of the Opossum, which likes so well to feed upon the ripe fruit and, also, it has always seemed to me, of the country darkey and his little cabin, the type of darkey whose name is so closely associated with both 'Possum and 'Simmons in the folk lore of the south. All three may be found in Chester and Delaware Counties in Pennsylvania, but no farther back than the true Carolinian fauna and flora extend. There is quite a difference in the fruit of different trees, some bearing decidedly ovoid fruit, while on others it is merely globu- lar. As the leaves fall in mid-October the Persimmons become quite conspicuous, hanging tightly on the branches, their bright, russet-red coats shining in the sun ; but their proper flavor is not acquired and the astringency modified until they are touched by frost and their skin somewhat wrinkled and turned purple; and those that are picked up from among the frost-covered leaves in late November or December are perhaps the best of all. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 635 Fl. — Mid-June to late June. Fr. — October and November, after frost. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Camden, Gloucester (P), West- ville (P), Medford (S), Washington Park, Bridgeport, Swedesboro, York- town (S), Albion, Andrews, Williamstown Jnc. Coast Strip. — Toms River (Mick.), Forked River, Holgate's (L), Stafford- ville, Atlantic City (S), Mays Landing (S), Ocean City (S), Piermont (S), Cold Spring (S), Cape May Ct. House. Cape May. — Bennett. Order GENTIANALES. Family OLEACE^. Olive, Ash, etc. Key to the Species. a. Flowers with slender, long lobed, white flowers, forming fringe-like pan- icles; leaves opposite entire, fruit a blue drupe. Chionanthus, p, 636 aa. Flowers small, green, leaves pinnate, fruit a winged seed (samara). b. Lateral leaflets with short petioles. c. Wing of fruit almost entirely terminal, not developed on the sides of the seed. Fraxinus americana, p. 635 cc. Wing beginning at the base of the seed and continued along its sides, widening gradually. d. Branches, petioles and sometimes the under surface of the leaves pubescent. e. Samara narrowly spatulate, leaves thin serrate. F. pennsylvanica, p. 635 ee. Samara broadly spatulate, leaves thick entire. F. michauxi, p. 636 dd. Branches, etc., glabrous, leaves bright green, both sides. F. p. lanceolata, p. 636 hb. Lateral leaflets sessile. F. nigra, p. 636 FRAXINUS L. Fraxinus americana L. White Ash. Fraxinus americana Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1057. 1753 [Carolina and Virginia]. — Britton 167. Rich woods of the northern counties; rare southward within our limits and in the Middle district only. Fl. — Early (May to mid-May. Fr. — Early Autumn. Middle District.— Arney's Mt. (S), Camden (P), Mickleton (P), Atco (C), Yorktown (S). Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Red Ash. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Arb. Am. 51. 1785 [probably Pennsyl- vania]. Fraxinus pubescens Britton 167. 636 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Common in low woods of the northern counties; much less common in the Middle district and rare in the Cape May penin- sula, Fl. — Early May to mid-May. Fr. — Early Autumn. Middle DzjfWc^— Farmingdale, New Egypt, Birmingham, Delair, Oaklyn (S), Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Pennsgrove (C). Cape May. — Cold Spring (OHB), Court House. Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata (Borkh.). Green Ash. Fraxinus lanceolata Borkhausen, Handl. Forst. Bot. I. 826. 1800 [North America]. — Keller and Brown 253. fraxinus viridis Knieskern 25. — Britton 167. Distribution as in the preceding. Fl. and Fr. — Similar to the last. Middle District. — Monmouth and Ocean Co. (Knieskern), Center Square (H), Mullica Hill (H). Cape May. — Goshen (S). Fraxinus michauxi Britton. Fraxinus Michauxi Britton Manual, 1085. 1907 [Bronx Park, N. Y. City]. Rare and found only in the Middle district. Fl. and Fr. — Probably as in F. pennsylvanica. Middle District. — Swedesboro, Three miles northeast Mickleton. Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash. Fraxinus nigra Marshall, Arb. Am. 51. 1785 [probably Pennsylvania]. — Keller and Brown 254. Fraxinus sambucifolia Willis 50. — Britton 167. Wet woods of the northern counties and reported from Free- hold (Willis in Britton's Catalogue), while at Swedesboro a few trees of this species were discovered by Mr. Chas. D. Lippincott. Middle Dufncf.— Freehold (C), Swedesboro (CDL). CHIONANTHUS L. Chionanthus virginica L. Fringe Tree. Chionanthus virginica Linnseus, Sp. PI. 8. 1753 [North America]. — Nutt. Gen. I. s. 1818. — Willis 50. — Britton 167. — Keller and Brown 254. Chionaptthus virginicus maritimus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 8. 1814 [Sea coast and boggy woods, N. J. — Carolina]. Found only in low woods along the lower part of the Maurice River and Cohansey Creek and up the tributaries of the former PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 637 to Buena Vista. Nuttall's reference to a thirty-foot tree at "Port Elizabeth [Z. Collins]" probably refers to the village of that name below Millville in Cumberland County and not to Elizabeth in Union County, as given in Britton's Catalogue. It is stated by Willis to grow at Camden, according to Canby, but I suspect this may have been an escape. This is one of a group of species which push northward along the Susquehanna Valley and again along the lower Delaware, in each case following the arms of the Carolinian life zone, but checked in their eastern extension in New Jersey by the arid stretches of the Pine Barrens, which are quite unsuited to their needs. Fl. — Late May to early June. Fr. — Early autumn. Middle District. — Above Swedesboro, Bridgeton (C), Port Elizabeth (C), Buckshutem, Below Millville, Buena Vista (T), Near Landisville (probably same location), Bradway (Bassett). Family GENTIANACE^. Gentians, etc. K^ to the Species. a. Leaves reduced to scales, plants 1-3 dm. high. b. Sepals 2, flowers purplish, 8-12 mm. long. Obolaria, p. 643 bb. Sepals 4, flowers greenish yellow, 2mm. long. c. Lobes of the corolla blunt and usually denticulate, plant generally strict and erect. Bartonia virginica, p. 643 cc. Lobes of the corolla acute and entire, plant generally flexuous and paniculately branched, but sometimes strict. B. paniculata, p. 642 aa. Leaves normal, plants 3-10 dm. high. b. Corolla blue, flowers 3-5 cm. long. c. Margin of petals fringed. Gentiana crinita, p. 641 cc. Petals not fringed. d. Leaves linear, mouth of corolla flaring open. G. porphyria, p. 640 dd. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, corolla constricted at the mouth, sometimes nearly closed. e. Corolla lobes distinct, equal to or exceeding the inter- vening plaits. G. saponaria, p. 642 ee. No perceptible lobes between the plaits. B. andrewsii, p. 641 * In Britton's Manual Spigelia marylandica L. is given as ocurring in New Jersey, "according to Gray." The new Gray's Manual ignores this reference and restricts the plant to west of the Alleghenies, which, I have no doubt, is correct. If it ever did occur in New Jersey it must have been an intro- duction. 638 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. bb. Corolla pink. c. Salver form 6-8 mm. broad. [Brythrcea pulchella]* cc. Rotate 15-40 mm. broad. d. Four to five parted. e. Branches opposite. Sabatia angularis, p. 638 ee. Branches alternate. /. Calyx lobes shorter than the corolla. S. stellaris, p. 639 ff. Calyx lobes equal to the corolla. S. gracilis, p. 639 dd. Eight to twelve parted. S. dodecandra, p. 640 hhb. Corolla white. c. Flowers oblong, funnel-form, striped within ; in a sessile cluster. Gentiana villosa, p. 641 cc. Flowers rotate in bracteolate cymes. d. Branches opposite. Sabatia lanceolata, p. 638 dd. Branches alternate, white forms of. S. stellaris, p. 639 SABATIA Adanson. Sabatia lanceolata (Walt.). Lance-leaved Centaury. Chironia lanceolata Walter, Fl. Car. 95. 1788 [Carolina]. Sabbafia lanceolata Knieskern 24. — Willis 49. — Britton 171. — Keller and Brown 255. Common in bogs and swamps of the Pine Barrens and similar situations at two or three stations in the Cape May peninsula. A conspicuous species in mid-summer. Fl. — Early July to late August. Pine Barrens. — Cassville, Toms River, Hanover, Browns Mills, Pasadena, Double Trouble, Tuckerton, Speedwell (S), High Bridge (S), Bear Swamp (S), Ballingers Mill, Braddock's Mill, Cedar Brook, Atsion, Hammonton (S), Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor, Hospitality Bridge 8th St. and 12th St., Mays Landing, Woodbine. Cape May. — Bennett (S). Sabatia angularis (L.). Square-stemmed Centaury. PI. CVL, Fig. I. Chironia angularis Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 190. 1753 [Virginia]. Sabbatia angularis Barton Fl. Phila. 113. 1818.— Willis 49.— Britton 171. Rather frequent in open ground of the northern counties and down the Coast strip to Cape May ; also occasional in the Middle district. Fl. — Late July to late August. Middle District.— Keyport (C), New Egypt, Burlington (C), Lindenwold, Sea Breeze (C). Coast Strip.— Ahsecon (NB), Palermo (S), Wildwood, Wildwood Jnc, Rio Grande, Court House, Whitesboro (S), Cold Spring, Cape May, W. Cape May, Dias Creek. * Branching Centaury, introduced as a weed. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 639 Sabatia stellaris Pursh. Sea Pink. PI. CVL, Fig. 3. Sabbatia stellaris Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. I. 137. 1814 [Salt marshes of New York, New Jersey, etc.]. — Knieskern 25. — Willis 49. — Britton 171. — Keller and Brown 255. Abundant on the salt marshes of the coast and lower Delaware Bay and up the large tidewater streams. This is one of the most abundant and characteristic flowering plants of the salt meadows, and its starry pink blooms with their yellow eye do much to produce that great profusion of color which marks the edge of the marshes toward the end of summer. Their stems and leaves are somewhat inconspicuous, and it some- times looks as if the pink stars might have been scattered broad- cast over the low coarse grass and rushes of the meadows. White flowered plants occur occasionally and starved dwarf in- dividuals are sometimes found. Fl. — Late July to early September. Maritime. — Long Branch, Pt. Pleasant, Barnegat Pier, Spray Beach (L), Sherburn's (L), West Creek (S), Brigantine, Atlantic City, Crowleytown, Ocean City (S), Sea Isle City (S), Stone Harbor, Clermont, Wildwood, Anglesea, Bennett, Cape May, Green Creek, Dennisville, Beaver Dam. Introduced at Batsto and Main Road Sta. Sabatia gracilis (Michx.). Slender Sea Pink. Sabbatia gracilis Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I: 146. 1803 [Lower Carolina]. Sabbatia gracilis Britton 171. Sabbatia campanulata Keller and Brown 255. B'rackish or fresh marshes along the coast and on the Dela- ware River at Burlington ; local and not always clearly distinct from the last. The record in Keller and Brov/n's List for Atco has not been authenticated and seems unlikely. Fl. — Mid-July to mid-August. Middle District. — Burlington. Coast Strip. — Ocean Grove, Spring Lake (NB), Pt. Pleasant, Ocean Beach (C), Sherburn's (L), Court House (NB), Cold Spring (S), Cape May (S), W. Cape May. 640 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Sabatia dodecandra (L.). Large Marsh Centaury. PI. CVL, Fig. 2. Chironia dodecandra Linnsus, Sp. PI. 190. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 172. — Keller and Brown 255. Sabbatia chloroides Knieskern 25. — Willis 49. Frequent on the brackish meadows from the Hackensack marshes south. In the Cape May peninsula it occurs also in fresh marshes over a mile from the coast. This larger species, with its more numerous petals, is not so plentiful as ^S*. stellaris, but is locally abundant, notably near Absecon and at several points in Cape May County. Fl. — Late July to late August. Coast Strip. — Pt. Pleasant, Forked River, Spray Beach (L), Manahawkin, Cox's, Mullica River, Absecon, Pleasant Mills, Mays Landing (NB), Pa- lermo, Clermont. Cape May. — Court House, Wildwood Jnc, E. of Dias Creek (S), Dias Creek. GENTIANA L. Gentiana porphyrlo J. F. Gmel. Pine Barren Gentian. PI. CIV. Gentiana Porphyria J. F. Gmelin, Syst. II. 462. 1791 [Carolina].— Keller and Brown 257. Gentiana angiistifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 186. 1814. — Knieskern 25. — Willis 49. — Britton 173. Damp sand of the Pine Barrens, frequent, and occasional in the southern part of the Cape May peninsula. It is probably a matter of individual preference to determine which gentian is the handsomest. The present species, found only in the remote sections of the Pine Barrens, is certainly the least known and to my mind as shandsome as any. It flaring mouth, the delicate markings within, and the intensity of the blue, make it one of the choicest blooms of the region. It was apparently first discovered by William Bartram*, who sent a drawing of it to Edwards, the British naturalist, who pub- Hshed it in his Gleanings of Natural History, vol. V., p. 98, 1758, as the "Autumnal Perennial Gentian of the Desert," but it was * (1739-1823) famous as a botanist and orinthologist, who resided at "Bar- tram's Garden," founded by his faather, John Bartram, also a botanist of note and correspondent of Linnaeus. r PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 641 not properly named until 1791, and then from the Pine Barrens of South Carolina. Fl. — Early September into October. Pine Barrens. — Manahawkin, Cox's, Cedar Grove (S), Cedar Bridge, Jones Mill (S), Tuckerton, Chatsworth, Atco, Atsion, Hammonton (S), Batsto, Pleasant Mills (T), Quaker Bridge, Elwood, Egg Harbor City (P).* Cape May. — Bennett. Gentiana crinita Froel. Fringed Gentian. PI. cm. Gentiana crinita Froelich, Gent. Diss. 112. 1796 [New York]. — Willis 49. — Britton 172. — Keller and Brown 256. Frequent in damp open ground in the northern counties, occasional in the upper Middle district, and at one station on the Coast Strip. The Fringed Gentian is a rarity within our limits, but at one station it grows in such wonderful abundance and luxuriance that one cannot imagine a spot more suited to its needs — an open bog where the Painted Cup, Tall Pedicularis and other more northern species are associated with it. The lateness of its flowering has apparently resulted in its escaping general atten- tion and extermination. On some plants I have counted no less than thirty blossoms. Fl. — Mid-September into October. Middle District. — Lindenwold, Clementon. Coast Strip. — Ocean View (S). Gentiana viliosa L.f Striped Gentian. Gentiana viliosa Linnaeus Sp. PI. 228. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 173. — Keller and Brown 256. A single specimen found near Bridgeton, Cumberland Co,, in 1 88 1, by Drs. N. L. Britton and J. B. Potter, is the only record for the State. This specimen is still preserved in the State herbarium at New Brunswick. Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. Closed Gentian. PI. CV. Gentiana Andrewsii Grisebach in Hookers Fl. Bor. Am. II. 55. 1834 [Can- ada].— Knieskern 25. — Willis 49. — Britton 172. * Mays Landing (KB) was an error for Egg Harbor City. t Gentiana quinqueiiora Lam. is stated by Prof. Willis to grow at Freehold (Cat. p. 49). We have no other evidence of its occurrence within our limits. 41 MUS 642 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Low ground; common in the northern counties, occasional in the Middle district and rare on the coast and Cape May- peninsula. Fl. — Early September into October. Middle District.— KeypoTt (C), Shark River (C), Pemberton (C), Kaighns Pt, Mickleton (H). Coast Strip. — Absecon, Weeksville (C). Cape May. — Cape May. Gentlana saponaria L. Soapwort Gentian. Gentiana saponaria Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 228. 1753 [Virginia]. — Barton Fl. Phila. 134. 1818. — Knieskern 25. — Britton 172. — Keller and Brown 256. Frequent in low ground in the Middle district and rare along the Coast Strip to Cape May. Occasionally ranging above the fall line in the northern counties. Fl. — Early September into October. Middle District. — Shark River (C), Swimming River (NB), New Egypt, Burlington, Moorestown (KB), Medford (S), Orchard (S), Lindenwold, Woodbury, So. Westville, Clementon, Berlin. Coast Strip. — Absecon, Pleasant Mills, Mays Landing (Leeds), Cold Spring (OHB). BARTONIA Muhlenberg. Bartonia paniculata (Michx.). Twining Bartonia. Centaur ella paniculata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. L 98. 1803 [Carolina]. Andretvsia paniculata Barton, Fl. Phila. 89. 1818. (Partly the next.) Low damp ground; frequent in the Pine Barrens, Cape May and Coast districts, apparently rare and local in the Middle district. These curious little plants, practically devoid of leaves, are more common than generally supposed, but frequently escape attention, buried as they are among the taller vegetation. They are named in honor of Prof. Benjamin Smith Barton (1766- 1815), professor of botany in the University of Pennsylvania and author of a general work on botany and the interesting "Fragments of Natural Histoiy" in which the blooming of plants, arrival of birds, etc., are arranged in chronological tables. Fl. — Late August to late September. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 643 Middle District. — Kaighns Swamp, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Forked River, Waretown, Manahawkin, Coxe's, Chats- worth, Hammonton, Pleasant Mills, Petersburg (S). Coast Strip. — Barnegat City (L). Cape May. — Bennett, Cold Spring (S), Green Creek (S). Bartonia virginica (L.). Upright Bartonia. PI. CVIL, Fig. 2. Sagina virginica Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 128. 1753 [Virginia]. Bartonia virginica Britton 173. — Keller and Brown 257. Bartonia tenella Knieskern 25. Low damp ground; frequent throughout our region and ap- parently also in the northern counties. Fl. — Mid-July to late August. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Florence, Delanco, Kaighns Pt., Medford (S), Tomlin (S), Taunton (S), Lindenwold, Mickleton, Pauls- boro, Fairton (S), Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Whitings, Jones' Mills (S), Bear Swamp, Braddock's Mill, Speedwell (S), Clementon, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City (S), Woodbine, Tuckahoe (S). Coast Strip. — Pt. Pleasant, Asbury Park, Seaside Park, Spray Beach (L), Peahala (L), Sherburn's (L), Manahawkin, West Creek (S), Palermo. Cape May. — Court House (S), Wildwood Jnc. (S), Whitesboro, Green Creek (S), Cape May (S). OBOLARIA L. Obolaria virginica L. Pennywort. Obolaria Virginica Linnseus, Sp. PI. 632. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 173. — Keller and Brown 257. Rich woodland of the northern and Middle districts, rare especially within our limits, where it is know from but four stations. Fl. — Late April to late May. Middle District. — New Egypt, Haddonfield (C), Swedesboro, Salem (C). Family MENYANTHACE^. Buckbeans, etc. Key to the Species. a. Bog plant, leaves 3-foliate, long petioled; flowers white in an erect raceme. Menyanthes, p. 644 aa. Aquatic plants. Leaves oval, heart-shaped, floating on the surface of the water with an umbel of white flov/ers attached just beneath and coming up to the surface when in bloom. h. Flowering leaves 20-50 mm. long. Limnanthemnm lactinosum, p. 644 hb. Flowering leaves 50-150 mm. long. L. aquaticum, p. 645 644 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. MENYANTHES L. Menyanthes trifoliata L. Buckbean. Menyanthes trifoliata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 145. 1753 [Europe]. — Barton, FI. Phila. 104 and app. 215. 1818. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 139.— Britton 173. — Keller and Brown 257. — Stone, Bartonia I. 20. 1909. Swamps and bogs at a number of localities in the northern counties and at three isolated stations within our limits, one at Repaupo, Gloucester Co., discovered by Mr. Benj. Heritage, May 13, 1893; one at Cold Spring, Cape May Co., discovered July 15, 1906, by Messrs. C. S. Williamson, S. S. Van Pelt and the writer, and the last at West Cape May, discovered by Mr. O. H. Brown. The last is the most southern known locality for the species in America, with the exception of one station in the mountains of West Virginia.* Barton mentions a station, long since destroyed, in a bog half a mile southeast of Kaighn's Point, where it was abundant. Fl. — Late April to late May. Middle District. — Kaighn's Pt. (Barton), Repaupo. Cape May. — Cold Spring, W. Cape May. LIMNANTHEMUM S. G. Gmelin. Limnanthemum lacunosum (Vent.). Floating Heart, j Villarsia lacunosum Ventenat, Choix des Plantes 9. 1803 [Carolina]. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 139. 1814. Limpanthemum lacunosum Knieskern 25. — Britton 174, — Keller and Brown 257. In ponds of the Pine Barrens, Coast strip and Middle district, but much less frequent in the last. There is but one record in the State north of our limits, namely at Princeton Junction. A colony of this plant, which I found in 19 10 at Centerton, was particularly attractive. Hundreds of the little heart-shaped leaves were floating on the surface of a pond interspersed every- where with the delicate little white starry flowers, appearing in * Cf. Sheldon, Rhodora 1910, p. 11. t The nomenclature of these plants seems to require investigation by an expert. The generic name Nymphoides adopted in the new Gray's Manual is simply referred to in synonymy by Ventenat (Choix des Plantes 9. 1803), and his species name lacunosa is a new name for aquatica Walter proposed because aquatica was meaningless in a genus of exclusively aquatic plants. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 645 some respects like miniatures of the white water liHes which occurred side by side with them. Fl. — Early July to late August. Middle District— Dt\2.nco, Center Square (H), Woods Mill (KB), Swedes- boro, Palatine, Centerton (S). Pine Barrens.— ¥zsz.A&na, Webb's Bridge, Ocean Co. (P), 2 miles north Speedwell (S), Vineland (KB), Franklinville, Malaga (S), Winslow, Ham- monton, Atsion (NB), Quaker Bridge (Bassett), Egg Harbor City, Hospi- tality Br., Eighth St. (T), Mays Landing (H). Coast Strip.— Deal, Squan, Spring Lake, Pt. Pleasant (KB), Manahawkin. Limnanthemum aquaticum (Walt.). Large Floating Heart. Anonymos aquatica Walter, Fl. Car. 109. 1788 [Carolina].— Britton 174. The only New Jersey station is a pond near Bridgeton, in Cumberland Co., N. J., where it was discovered by the late Prof. A. C. Apgar, August 5, 1886. Fl. — During July and August, probably. Middle District.— Bridgeton (NB). Family APOCYNACE^. Dog Banes. APOCYNUM L. Key to the Species. a. Corolla 5-9 mm. long, its lobes spreading or recurved, white or tinged with pink. b. Corolla 8 mm. long, inflorescence partly axillary. A. androscemifolium, p. 645 bb. Corolla 6 mm. long, inflorescence strictly terminal. A. medium, p. 646 aa. Corolla 3-4.5 mm. long, its lobes erect, greenish white. h. Branches of inflorescence and upper side of leaves glabrous. A. cannabinum, p. 646 bb. Branches of inflorescence and upper side of leaves pubescent. A. c. pubescens, p. 646 Apocynum androssemifclium L. Dogbane. Apocynum androscemifolium Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 213. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Knieskern 25. — Britton 168. Frequent in the northern counties and southward mainly in the Middle district, elsewhere apparently introduced. Fl. — Mid-June to late July or into August. Middle Du^Vf.— Shark River, New Egypt, Mickleton, Sicklerville, Swedes- boro. Pine 5arr^w.y.— Ballenger's Mill, Berlin (S), Atsion (S), Forked River, Chats worth. 646 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Apocynum medium Greene. Small-flowered Dogbane. Apocynum medium Greene, Pittonia III. 229. 1897 [Brookland, D. C.l. Tolerably common in the Pine Barrens and probably elsewhere in cultivated ground or on roadsides ; very variable and includ- ing"^, ndlleri Britton and A. urccolifer G. S. Miller. The Speedwell specimen has the leaves pubescent on both sides, the others only below. Fl. — Early June to early August, occasionally later. Pine Barrens. — Toms River, Chatsworth, Harris, Speedwell. Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian Hemp. Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 213. 1753 [Canada and Virginia]. — Knieskem 25. — Britton 168. Apparently frequent throughout the State in one form or another, usually appearing as a weed within our limits, but perhaps still in its native habitat along the Coast Strip. In all the specimiens here listed the inflorescence is glabrous; some have the leaves all tomientous below, others have most of them entirely glabrous. Fl. — Early June to late August, occasionally later. Middle District. — Medford (S), New Egypt, Westville, Swedesboro, Mickle- ton, Landisville. Coast Strip. —Suri City (L), Atlantic City, Wildwood. Apocynum cannabinum pubescens R. Br. Pubescent Indian Hemp. Apocynum pubescens R. Brown, Mem. Wern. Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 68. 181 1 [Virginia]. Occasional in the Pine Barrens and probably elsewhere. A form, with velvety pubescence on the inflorescence and both sides of the leaves. Fl. — As in the preceding. Pine Barrens. — Winslow Jnc, Landisville, Egg Harbor City. Family ASCI^EPIADACE-^. Milkweeds. Key to the Species. «. Corolla crown of five hooded, fleshy bodies, with an incurved horn rising from the cavity of each hood. b. Leaves hirsute pubescent, mainly alternate, corolla and hood both orange. Asclepias iuberosa, p. 647 bb. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, verticillate. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 647 c. Leaves narrowly linear, 2>-7 in a whorl ; corolla greenish- white, hood white. A. verticillata, p. 651 cc. Leaves ovate or lanceolate 3-4 in a whorl, corolla pink, hood white. A. quadrifolia, p. 650 bbb. Leaves glabrous or in some species downy-pubescent, opposite. c. Corolla bright red, hood orange, leaves linear lanceolate. A. lanceolata, p. 650 cc. Corolla and hood various shades of pink or purple. d. Plant essentially glabrous. e. Leaves oblong, clasping at the base, margins wavy. A. amplexicaulis, p. 648 ee. Leaves not wavy margined. f. Leaves lanceolate, acute or acuminate. A. rubra, p. 648 ff. Leaves oblong rounded at the end. A. purpurascens, p. 648 dd. Plants pubescent, especially on the under side of the leaves. e. Leaves 10 — 12x3 — 3.5 mm., often lanceolate. A. pulchra, p. 649 ee. Leaves 12 — 15 x 5 — 7 mm., oblong. f. Flowers entirely purple. A. purpurascens, p. 648 //. Flowers more or less greenish. A. syriaca, p. 651 ccc. Corolla white or green, hood white or pinkish. d. Corolla green, plant 10-20 dm. high. A. exaltata, p. 650 dd. Corolla white, plant 3-9 dm. high. A. variegata, p. 649 ad. Corolla crov/n, without incurved horns, flowers entirely green. Acerates viridiHora, p. 651 ASCLEPIAS L. Asclepias tuberosa L. Butterfly Weed. PI. CVIIL Fig. 2. Asclepias tuberosa Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 217. 1753 [North America]. — Knies- kern 25. — Britton 170. — Keller and Brown 259. Asclepias decumbens Keller and Brown 260. Open sandy ground ; common throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it has apparently been introduced, and is only common locally in cultivated ground. Pi. — ^Late June to early August, sporadically somewhat later. Middle Dwfrzc^— Farmingdale, New Egypt, Haddonfield (S), Medford (S), Washington Pk., Tomlin (S), Mickleton, Clementon, Sicklerville, Beaver Dam. Pine Barrens. — Landisville, Vineland (S), Egg Harbor City, Folsom, Man- umuskin (S), Woodbine (S). Coast Strip.— Ft. Pleasant, Manahawkin, St. Albans (L), West Creek (S), Tuckerton, Atlantic Cit}-, Pleasantville, Mays Landing (S), Sea Isle Jnc. (S). Cape May.— Cape May (UP). 648 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Asclepias purpurascens L. Purple Milkweed. Asclepias ptirpurascens Linnseus, Sp. PI. 214. 1753 [Carolina]. — Britton 169. Frequent in dry ground of the northern counties and rather rare southward, occurring in the Middle district only. Fl. — Mid- June to mid-July. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Crosswicks, Camden (C), Rid- dleton, Elsinboro, Clarksboro (UP). Specimens are also preserved in several herbaria f romi Landis- ville (C. A. Gross). There seemis to be an intrusion of Middle district plants up the tributaries of the Maurice River which may account for this record. Asclepias rubra L. Red Milkweed. Asclepias rubra Linnseus, Sp. PI. 217. 1753 [Virginia]. — Willis 50. — Britton 170. — Keller and Brown 260. Asclepias acuminata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 182. 1814 [Cedar Swamps, N. J., &c.]. Asclepias periplocaefolia Nuttall, Gen. I. 167. 1818 [N. J. to Fla.]. Frequent in bogs of the Pine Barrens and rare or occasional in similar situations in the Middle and Cape May districts. This is the typical Milkweed of the Pine Barrens and finds here the northern limit of its distribution. Fl. — Late June to late July, sporadically into August. Middle District. — Burlington, Pemberton (C), Griffith's Swamp, Linden- wold, Mickleton. Pine Barrens. — Ocean Grove (P), Toms River (McKenzie), Pt. Pleasant (S), Bamber, Waretown (C), Barnegat (NB), Manahawkin, Coxe's, Tuck- erton, Speedwell (S), High Bridge (S), Chatsworth, White Horse (S), Landisville, Hammonton, Atsion (S), Quaker Bridge (NB), Batsto, Pleas- ant Mills (P), Egg Harbor City (UP), Hospitality Br. 8th St. (T). Cape May. — Goshen, Cold Spring (S), Cape May (P). Asclepias amplexicaulis Michx. Blunt-leaved Milkweed. Asclepias amplexicaulis Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. L 115. 1803 [Savannah, Ga.]. — Keller and Brown 260. Asclepias obtusifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. L 182. 1814. — Barton, Fl. Phila. 133. 1818. — Knieskern 25. — Britton 170. Common in woods and open ground throughout the coastal plain with the exception of the Cape May peninsula; also at a number of localities above the fall line in the northern counties PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 649 Fl. — Mid-June to mid-July, sporadically into August. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Burlington, Riverside, Pen« sauken. Locust Grove (S), Gloucester, Lawnside (S), Bridgeport, Tomlin (S), Williamstown, Sicklerville, Yorktown, Husted (S), Elmer (P), Frank- linville (P). Pine Barrens. — Whitings, Forked River, W. Plains (S), Albion, Williams- town Jnc, Cedar Brook, Landisville, Inskip, Winslow Jnc, Hammonton (Bas- sett), Atsion, Atco (UP), Mouth of Batsto, Egg Harbor City, Belleplain (S). Coast Strip.— Et\m^T (UP), Surf City (L), Mays Landing (UP), Cape May (UP). Asclepias pulchra Ehrh. Hairy Milkweed. PI. CIX., Fig. I. Asclepias pulchra Ehrhart, in Willdenow Sp. PI. I. 1267. 1798 [North America]. Asclepias incarnata var. pulclira Britton 170. Asclepias incarnata PCnieskern 25. Moist open ground; common throughout the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts, and ranging over much of the Northern district, but replaced in the mountains by A. incarnata. Not found in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Early July to mid-August. Middle District. — New Egypt, Camden (P), Medford (S), Pemberton Jnc. (S), Tomlin, Albion, Swedesboro, Salem (S). Coast Strip.— Long Branch (UP), Seaside Park (UP), Surf City (L), Beach Haven (L), Spray Beach (L), Absecon, Atlantic City (S), Mays Landing, Ocean City (S), Tuckahoe (T), Piermont (S), Five-Mile Beach, Cape May (S). Asclepias variegata L. White iVIilkweed. Asclepias variegata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 215. 1753 [North America]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. 133. 1818. — Britton 169. — Keller and Brown 260. Sandy woodlands; locally distributed through the Middle and Cape May districts, rarely occurring above the fall line in the northern counties. Fl. — Early June to early July. Middle District. — Smithville (C), Burlington, Birmingham (C), Moores- town (C), Camden (P), Locust Grove (S), Medford, Washington Park, Mickleton, Sicklerville, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens ( ?).— Vineland (C), Hammonton (C). Coast Strip. — Palermo. Cape May.— Bennett, Cold Spring (S). 650 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Asclepias exaltata (L.). Tall Milkweed. Asclepias Syriaca var. exaltata Linnseus, Sp. PI. Ed. 2. 313. 1762 [Virginia]. Asclepias exaltata Britton 169. — Keller and Brown 260. Edges of wbods and thickets; rather frequent in the northern counties, but only known within our limits from the record in Britton's Catalogue : "Roadside near Moorestown — Miss Anna M. Kaighn," and the statement of Mr. C. S. Williamson that he once observed it at Mt. Holly. No specimens are preserved. The record for "Egg Harbor [City] — Leeds" in Brown and Keller's List is A. rubra. Asclepias quadrifolia Jacg. Four-leaved Milkweed. Asclepias quadrifolia Jacquin, Obs. Part 2, 8 pi. Z2- ^1^7 [Virginia]. — Brit- ton 170. Frequent in dry woods of the northern counties; rare within our limits and confined to the Middle district. PI. — Late May to late June. Middle District. — Little Timber Creek (C), Atco, Swedesboro. Asclepias lanceolata Walt. Smooth Orange Milkweed. PI. CIX, Fig. 2. Asclepias lanceolata Walter, Fl. Car. 105. 1788 [Carolina].— Britton 170. — Keller and Brown 260. Asclepias paupercula Knieskern 25. — Willis 50. Found only along the Coast strip, where the salt meadows join the mainland; somewhat locally distributed and not detected north of Pt. Pleasant, which is, therefore, the most northern station for the species, as it does not range north of New Jersey. This is one of the finest of our milkweeds. Its flowers are larger than those of any other species and the brilliant red and orange coloring makes it especially conspicuous among the many showy flowers of the marsh edge. Its slender, glabrous foliage, too, gives it a delicacy that is missing in the coarse-leaved species. Though said in the books to be a plant of "wet pine barrens," it is, so far as New Jersey is concerned, strictly confined to the edge of the salt marshes, where they join the upland. Fl. — Late June to late July. Coast Strip.— Ft. Pleasant, Forked River (KB), Manahawkin, West Creek, C. M. Court House, 0pp. Anglesea (C), Bennett, Cold Spring, Cape May. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 651 Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed. Asclepias syriaca Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 214. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 169. Asclepias coniuti Knieskern 25. Generally distributed in rich open ground, except in the Pine Barrens, where it is strictly confined to cultivated and waste ground and is obviously introduced. Everywhere, however, it is largely a weed, and it is impossible at this time to ascertain just what its native habitat may have been. Fl. — ^M id- June to late July. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Burlington, Locust Grove (S), Medford (S). Pine Barrens. — Mays Landing. Coast Strip.—St. Albans (L), Barnegat City (L). Cape May. — Cold Spring (S). Asclepias verticillata L. Whorled Milkweed. Asclepias verticillata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 217. 1753 [Virginia]. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 183.— Barton, Fl. Phila. 133. 1818.— Britton 170.— Keller and Brown 261. In sandy or rocky places ; locally throughout the State. Most frequent within our limits in the Middle district, but nowhere common. Barton knew it only from a bog a quarter of a mile north of Kaighns Point. In Pennsylvania it is a characteristic plant of the serpentine barrens of Chester and Delaware Counties. Fl. — Early July to mid- August. Middle District.— Holrndd (C), Red Bank (NB), Leedsville (C), Freehold (C), Birmingham (C), Kaighns Pt., Medford, Clarksboro (P), Mickleton, Berlin, Glassboro, Swedesboro, Oliphant's Mill (KB), Bridgeton, Millville (KB). Pine Barrens. — Newtonville, Tuckahoe (S). Cape May. — One mile east Dias Creek. ACERATES Elliott. Acerates viridiflora (Raf.). Green Milkweed. Asclepias viridiflora Rafinesque,, Med. Rep. (IL) 5. 360. 1808 [Maryland and Pennsylvania] . Acerates viridiflora Willis 50. — Keller and Brown 261. Open sandy ground or limestone cliffs; locally distributed in the northern counties. Known within our limits only form Black's Mills, Monmouth County, where it was obtained by the Rev. Samuel Lockwood, according to Britton's Catalogue. It 652 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. has been introduced as a weed at Cold Spring, Cape May County (O. H. Brown). A characteristic plant of the serpentine outcrops of south- eastern Pennsylvania and perhaps not native anywhere in south- em New Jersey. Fl. — Late June to mid-August, and sporadically into Septem- ber. Order POLEMONIALES. Family CONVOLVULACE^. Morning Glories. Key to the Species. a. Style two cleft, flowers white. Breweria, p. 652 aa. Style entire, up to the stigma. b. Stigmas two, filiform to oblong. c. Calyx with two large bracts at the base, which enclose it. d. Plant trailing. e. Glabrous, leaves hastate, flowers pink with white stripes or white. Convovuhis sepium, p. 653 ee. Pubescent, leaves cordate, flowers white. C. repens, p. 654 dd. Plant upright, flowers white. C. spithamceus, p. 653 cc. Calyx without bracts, flowers pink or white. [C. arvensis]* bb. Stigmas one or two, capitate or globose. c. Flowers white, sometimes with striped throat, leaves cordate or often contracted in the middle. d. Corolla 50-80 mm. long. Ipomoea pandurata, p. 653 dd. Corolla 8-20 mm. long. /. lactinosa, p. 653 cc. Flowers normally blue, sometimes pink, white or variegated. d. Leaves entire, cordate. [/. purpurea]'f dd. Leaves deeply three-lobed. [/. hederaced\% BREWERIA R. Browne. Breweria pickeringii (M. A. Curtis). Pickering's Morning Glory. Convolvulus Pickeringii M. A. Curtis, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. I. 130. 1837 [Wilmington, N. C.]. Bonamia Pickeringii Willis 48. Brezueria Pickeringii Britton 180. — Keller and Brown 263. Confined to dry sandy banks in the Pine Barrens, where it is known from probably not more than three or four stations. Certain it is that two, and probably three, of those given in * Small Bindweed. A weed in fields and waste ground. t Morning Glory. Escaped in waste ground, fields, etc. t Ivy-leaved Morning Glory. Often escaped, less frequent than the last. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 653 Britton's Catalog"iie refer to the same colony of plants. Named for Charles Pickering (1805-1878), a prominent Philadelphia naturalist, member of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, and prominent in local botanical work.* Fl. — Mid- July to late August. Pine Barrens. — Pleasant Mills, Batsto, between Atsion and Quaker Bridge, Little Egg Harbor R. (C), three miles above Atsion (Williamson), Chats- worth (H). IPO MCE A L,t Ipomoea pandurata (L.). Wild Potato. Convolvulus panduratus Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 153. 1753 [Virginia]. — ^Barton Fl. Phila. I. 107. 1818. Ipomoea pandurata Knieskern 24. — Willis 48. — Britton 179. Open sandy ground or thickets in nearly all parts of the State, except the Pine Barrens, but nowhere very common. PL — Early July into October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Florence Heights, Kaighns Pt., Lawnside (S). pine Barrens. — Newtonville. Cape May. — i mile east Dias Creek (S), Cape May. CONVOLVULUS L. Convolvulus spithamseus L. Upright Morning Glory. Convolvulus spithammis Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 150. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 180. — Keller and Brown 264. Calystegia spithamcca Willis 48. Convolvulus stans Barton, Fl. Phila. L 158. 1818. Sandy ground in the Northern and Middle districts ; local, and at some stations certainly a weed. FL — Late May to late June. Middle District. — Long Branch, Camden (S), Collingswood (S), Rid- dleton. Convolvulus sepium L. Hedge Morning Glory or Bindweed. Convolvulus sepium Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 153. 1753 [Europe]. — Britton 179. Calystegia sepium Knieskern 24. Middle District.— Parmmgdaie, Delair, Washington Park, Mickleton, Salem (S), Beaver Dam. *Cf. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. XHL, 414. t Ipomoea lacunosa is entirely an introduced species within our limits. 654 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Frequent in moist soil; Northern, Middle and Coast districts south to Cape May; most common along streams and on the juncture of the salt marshes and sand dunes along the coast. Fl. — Early June to late August, sporadically into September. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Delair, Washington Park, Mickleton, Salem (S), Beaver Dam. Pine Barrens. — Landisville (T). Coast Strip.— Earn&g2ii City (L), St. Albans (L), Spray Beach (L), Surf City (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City, Piermont (S), Wildwood (UP), Cold Spring (S), Cape May (S), Cape May Pt. (S). Convolvulus sepium repens L. Convolvulus repens Linn^us, Sp. PI. 158. 1753 [America, on the coast]. Tolerably common along the Coast strip. Fl. — Probably as in the last. Coast Strip.— Long Branch, Barnegat City (L), Spray Beach (L), Surf City (L), Beach Haven (L), Stone Harbor, Wildwood, Cape May (OHB). Family CUSCUTACE^. Dodders. Key to the Species. a. Stigmas elongated; capsule circumscissile. [Cuscuta epithymum]* aa. Stigmas capitate ; capsule indehiscent. b. Sepals united. c. Capsule depressed, globose. d. Flowers in globular clusters, corolla persistent at the base of the capsule. C. arvensis, p. 655 dd. Flowers in panicled, often densely compound cymes, corolla withering on the summit of the large capsule. C. cephalanthi, p. 655 cc. Capsule pointed, capped by the persistent corolla, flowers in loose panicled cymes. C. gronovii, p. 655 bb. Sepals distinct, five, capsule capped by the persistent corolla, flowers in sessile, densely-compact clusters. C. compacta, p. 655 These curious parasites are quite conspicuous, especially in the swamps of the Middle district, where their brig-ht orange, naked stems may be seen trailing about over the shrubs and tall herbs, attaching themselves to the stems and branches. The group has received but little critical study in our region and further col- lections may alter our ideas upon the relative abundance and distribution of the several species. (Cf. Matthew Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XX. 310.) * Clover Dodder. Introduced on clover. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 655 CUSCUTA L. Cuscuta gronovii Willd. Dodder. Cuscuta Gronovii Willdenow, in Roemer and Schultes Syst. 6 : 205. 1820 [Virginia]. — Britton 180. Cuscuta glomerata Knieskern 24. Moist ground; frequent in the Northern and Coast districts, less common elsewhere ; not known in the Pine Barrens. FL — Early August through September. Fr. — Early Septem- ber into autumn. Middle District.— MtAiord (S). Coast 5'^n>.— Seaside Park, Surf City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Beach Haven (L), Sherburn's (L), Ocean City (S). Cape May. — i mile east Dias Creek (S). Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich. Field Dodder. Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich in A. Gray Manual, Ed. 2. 236. 1856 [N. W. America]. — Willis 48. — Britton 180. — Keller and Brown 264. Locally common in the northern counties; reported within our limits from the Middle and Cape May districts ; rare. Fl. — Mid-July into September. Fr. — Mid-August into autumn. Middle D/jfncf.— Shark River (C), Delanco (S), Salem (C).* Pine Barrens. — Hammonton (C), Egg Harbor (CDL), Parkdale (S), Quaker Bridge (S). Cape May. — Cape May (P). Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. Button-bush Dodder. Cuscuta Cephalanti Engelman, Am. Jour. Sci. 43 : 336 pi. 6, fig. 1-6. 1842 [St. Louis, Mo.]. — Britton 180. — Keller and Brown 265. Reported only from the Pine Barrens. Quaker Bridge (NJ), Toms River (C), Swedesboro (KB). Cuscuta compacta Juss. Compact Dodder. Cuscuta compacta Jussieu, in Choisy, Mem. Soc. Gen. IX. 281 t, 4, fi. 2. 1842 [North America]. — Britton 181. — Keller and Brown 265. Frequent in the Middle and Pine Barren districts. Fl. — Early August through September. Fr. — Early Septem- ber into autumn. * Swedesboro (KB) was an error for Egg Harbor City. 656 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Middle District. — Pemberton (KB), Camden, Laurel Springs (KB), Westville (KB), Delaiico (S), Medford (S), Swedesboro (CDL), Woods- town (KB). Pine Barrens. — Toms River (P), Whitings (S), Barnegat, New Ger- many (KB), Hammonton (KB), Weymouth, Egg Harbor City (NB), Mays Landing (KB), Tuckahoe (S). Family POLEMONIACE^. Phloxes. Key to the Species. a. Corolla salver-form, leaves opposite, entire, flowers pink. b. Leaves subulate, stems creeping. Phlox subulafa, p. 657 bb. Leaves flat. c. Stems glabrous or nearly so, spotted with purple. P. macnlata, p. 656 cc. Stems soft, downy. P. pilosa, p. 656 aa. Corolla tubular, bright scarlet. [Gilia rubra L.]* aaa. Corolla open, bell-shaped, blue ; leaves pinnate. Polemonium rcptans, p. 657 PHLOX L. Phlox maculata L. Spotted-stemmed Phlox. PL LIV, Fig. I. Phlox maculata Linnaeus, Sp. PL 152. 1753 [Virginia]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. L 107. 1818. — Britton 174. Moist open ground; frequent or occasional in the Middle and Cape May districts and up the Delaware to Hunterdon County. Fl. — Mid-May to late June. Middle District. — New Egypt, Bordentown (C), Burlington, Birmingham (C), Vincentown (C), Griffith's Swamp, Linden wold, Medford (S), Mickle- ton, Sewell (S), Swedesboro, Salem (C). Cape May.— Cold Spring, Cape May (P). Phlox pilosa L. Downy Phlox. Phlox pilosa Linnaeus, Sp. PL 152. 1753 [Virginia]. — Knieskern 24. — Willis 47. — Britton 174. — Keller and Brown 266. Open sandy ground; mainly in the northern counties and at several stations in the Middle district ; always local. Middle District. — Burlington, Moorestown (C), Woodbury (C), "Ocean Co." (Kn). * Scarlet Gilia, escaped from cultivation about Manumuskin, its gorgeous scarlet spikes standing out brilliantly against the green of the pines. PLAN.TS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 657 Phlox subulata L. Moss Pink. Phlox subulata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 152. 1753 [Virginia]. — Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. I. 151. 1814.— Barton Fl. Phila. I. 108. 1818.— Britton 175.— Keller and Brown 200. Rocky and sandy exposed banks; at a number of stations in the Northern and upper Middle districts. This and Viola pedata lineariloba make a brilliant show be- tween Moorestown and New Lisbon along the railroad banks in alternating beds of pink and blue. Fl. — Mid-April to late May and often again in autumn. Middle District.— Red Bank (C), Ewansville (NB), Birmingham (C), Moorestown (NB), Merchantville (KB), Vincentown (C), Camden, Cinna- minson (KB), Mickleton, Blackwood (KB), Almonesson (KB), Swedes- boro. POLEMONIUM L. Polemonium reptans L. Jacob's Ladder. Polemonium reptans Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 925. 1759 [based on Miller Card. Diet., pi. 209, from N. A.]. — Britton 175. — Keller and Brown 266. Rich woods; very rare; known from one station in Warren County and several in the western part of the Middle district. PL — Early May to early June. Middle District.— Eordtnlovin (NB), Bet. Haddonfield and Camden (C), Three m. west Woodstown. Family HYDROPHYLLACE^. Water-leaf. HYDROPHYLLUM L. Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Virginia Water-leaf. Hydrophyllum virginianum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 146. 1753 [Virginia]. Hydrophyllum virginicum Britton 175. Rich woods ; frequent in the northern counties, but rare within our limits and confined to the upper Middle district. Fl. — Early May to early June. Middle District.— Icreehold (C), New Egypt. 42 MUS 658 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Family BO'RAGINACE^. Forget-me-not, etc. Key to the Species. a. Nutlets armed with prickles. b. Flowers and nutlets 8-10 mm. broad. c. Flowers reddish purple, nutlets flat, stem leafy to top. [Cynoglossum otRcmale]* bb. Flowers 2 mm. broad white, nutlets 4 mm. broad. Lappula, p. 658 aa. Nutlets unarmed. b. Flowers regular. c. Corolla funnel-shaped, blue, 20 mm. long, whole plant glabrous. Mertensia, p. 658 cc. Corolla inuch less than 20 mm. long, plant bristly hairy or rough- ened (or nearly glabrous in Myosotis laxa). d. Racemes leafy. e. Plant minutely roughened. [Lithospennum arvense]'f ee. Plant harsh with appressed bristles. Onosmodiuin virginianum, p. 659 dd. Racemes naked or leafy at the base. e. Appressed pubescent, flowers blue. Myosotis laxa, p. 659 ee. Bristly hirsute, flowers white. M. virginica, p. 659 bb. Flowers irregular, blue, plants very rough bristly. [EcJinim vulgare]t LAPPULA Moench. Lappula virginiana (L.). Virginia Stickseed. Myosotis virginiana Linnseus, Sp. PI. 131. 1753 [Virginia]. Echinospermiitn virginianum Britton 177. Lappula virginiana Keller and Brown 268. Frequent in woods and thickets of the northern counties ; not common within our limits and confined to the Middle district. Fl. — Early July to late August. Fr. — Mid-August into Octo- ber. Middle District.— ^r&thoXA (C), New Egypt, Oaklyn (S), Mickleton (H), Mullica Hill (H), Swedesboro (CDL). MERTENSIA Roth. iVIertensIa virginica (L.). Virginia Cowslip. Pidnionaria virginica Linnseus, Sp. PL 135. 1753 [Virginia]. Mertensia virginica Britton 177. — Keller and Brown 269. * Hound's Tongue, waste ground. t Corn Cromwell, a weed in sandy ground. X Bugloss, local in waste places ; roadsides, etc., rare. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 659 Meadows along the Raritan and in the Delaware Valley near Trenton and one or two other stations; rare. PL — Late April to mid-May. Middle District. — Walnford (C), Hornerstown, between Bordentown and Lumberton. MYOSOTIS L. Myosotis laxa Lehm. Smaller Forget-me-Not. Myosotis laxa Lehmann, Asperif. 83. 1818 [North America]. Myosotis palustris var. laxa Willis 47. — Britton 177. Myosotis palustris Knieskern 24. Common in the northern counties and frequent in the Middle district. One record each for the Pine Barrens and Cape May, the former possibly based on an introduction. Fl. — Mid-May into September. Middle District.— Deal Beach (NB), New Egypt, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Lindenwold (S), Medford (S), Mickleton (H), Pitman, Mantua, Swedes- boro, Mannington (C). Pine Barrens. — 'White Horse (S). Cape May.— Cape May (OHB). Myosotis virginica (L.). Scorpion Grass. Lycopsis virginica Linnaeus, Sp. PI. I39- i753 [Virginia]. Myosotis virginica Britton 178. Open sandy ground; frequent or occasional, except in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Late April to mid- June. Middle District.— 'New Egypt, Crosswicks, Brown's Mills, Hainesport, Glassboro, Woodbury, Medford (S), Locust Grove, Westville, Washington Park, Mickleton, Mantua, Swedesboro. Cape May.— Cape May (OHB). ONOSMODIUM Michaux. Onosmodium virginianum (L.). Virginia False Gromwell. Lithospermtim virginianum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 132. 1753 [Virginia]. Onosmodium Virginianum Britton 178. — Keller and Brown 270. Purshia hispida Barton, Fl. Phila. L 103. 1818. Open sandy ground ; occasional throughout the Middle district, extending northward in the Delaware Valley. The only Pine Barren records seem to be introductions, and the plant has a tendency to become a weed elsewhere. 66o REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Fl. — Early June to early July. Fr. — Early July tp early August or into September. Middle District.— Keyport (C), Birmingham (NB), Griffith's Swamp (S), Medford (S), Westvil'le (KB), Woodbury (H), Lindenwold (S), Clemen- ton, lona (P), Centerton (S). Pine Barrens. — Folsom, Hammonton (Bassett). Family VERBENACE.E. Verbenas. Key to the Species. o. Plant decumbent, flowers in a globular head. Lippia, p. 66i aa. Plant erect, flowers in slender spikes. b. Flowers white. Verbena tirticifolia, p. 660 bb. Flowers blue or purplish. c. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, petioled. V. Jiastata, p. 660 cc. Leaves linear to spatulate, lanceolate, mainly sessile. V. angustifolia, p. 661 VERBENA L. Verbena urticifolia L. White Verbena. Verbena urticifolia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 20. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Knies- kern 23. — Britton 194. Frequent in the Xorthem and Middle districts; usually in cultivated or waste ground. Two records from the Pine Barrens are obviously recently introduced plants. Fl. — Late June to early September. Middle District. — New Eg>-pt, Swedesboro (CDL). Pine Barrens. — Landisville (T), We>-mouth. Verbena hastata L. Purple Verbena, Blue Vervain. Verbena hastata Linnsus, Sp. PI. 20. I/53 [Canada]. — Barton Fl. Phila. IL 41. 1818. — Knieskern 23. — Britton 194. Open moist ground; common throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it is absent. One of the components of the typical late summer flora of the damp meadows and swamps of the Middle district, along with Biipatoriiim inaculatiim, E. perfoliatuni, Asdepias pnlchra, Ver- nonia novehoracensis, etc. Fl. — Late June to early September. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Eg>"pt, Masonville, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Medford (S), Chairville (S), Oaklyn (S), Lawnside (S), Clementon, Swedesboro (CDL), Beaver Dam. Coast Strip. — Peahala (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Absecon (S), Atlantic City (S), Crowle>-town, Ocean City (S). Cape May. — Court House (S), Dias Creek. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. _ 66i Verbena angustifolia Michx. Narrow-leaved Verbena. Verbena angustifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 14. 1803 [Tennessee and Carlisle, Pa.].— Knieskern 23. — Britton 194.— Keller and Britton 271. Open ground; occasional throughout the State, especially in the Middle district. A weed in many places, and the few Pine Barren records are all to be so regarded. Fl. — Early June to late July and sporadically into September. Middle District— New Egypt, Delanco, New Lisbon (KB), Mickleton (KB), Lake Church, Asbury, Sicklerville, Swedesboro (KB). Pine Barrens. — Winslow Jnc, Hammonton, Absecon (S). LIPPIA L. Lippia lanceolata Michx. Fog-fruit. Lippia lanceolata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 15. 1803 [near Ashley, Carolina]. — Keller and Brown 272. Found only at Wildwood, on the coast ; a southern plant push- ing north also along the Susquehanna Valley in Pennsylvania. Fl. — Late July into September. Coast Strip. — Wildwood. Family LABIAT.^. Mints, etc. Key to the Species. a. Corolla five parted, lobes nearly or quite equal, not two-lipped. b. Flowers blue, 1-3 on terminal or axillary pedicels. c. Flowers solitary at the ends of the branches or axillary branch- lets 12-18 mm. long, stamens much exserted. Plant 2-6 dm. high. d. Leaves oblong or lanceolate. Trichostema dichotomum, p. 664 dd. Leaves linear. T. lineare, p. 664 cc. Flowers axillary, on 1-3 flowered pedicels, 4-6 mm. long. Plant 2-5 dm. high. Viscid pubescent. Isanthus, p. 664 bb. Flowers purpHsh or white, often very small, in dense axillary clus- ters, or forming a terminal interrupted spike. c. Plants strongly odorous, anther-bearing stamens 4. Mentha, p. 673 cc. Plants not odorous, anther-bearing stamens 2. Lycopus, p. 672 aa. Corolla very irregular, apparently only one-lipped, the upper lip very short and inconspicuous stamens exserted, flowers pink or purplish. h. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, glabrous' or sparingly appressed pubes- cent. Teucriiim canadense, p. 663 bb. Leaves narrower, densely appressed pubescent and papillose, plant shorter and stiffer. T. canadense littorale, p. 663 aaa. Corolla distinctly two-lipped. b. Calyx with a protuberance on the upper side. Scutellaria, p. 664 662 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. bb. Calyx without a protuberance on upper side. c. Upper lip concave. d. Anther-bearing stamens 4. e. Upper pair longer than the lower. /. Tall herbs (6-15 dm.) glabrous or slightly pubescent, leaves serrate, petioled, flowers in a dense terminal spike. g. Corolla greenish-yellow, scarcely exceeding the calyx. Agastache nepetoides, p. 666 gg. Corolla bluish, slightly exceeding the calyx. A. scrophularifolia, p. 6(£ ff. Erect, densely whitish downy herbs 6-9 dm. high, with oblong, petioled, crenate, leaves and small, whit- ish, purple dotted flowers, in verticillate clusters forming interrupted terminal spikes. [Nepeta catariaY fff. Low creeping herbs with reniform crenate leaves and blue flowers in axillary verticillate clusters. [Gleclioma Jiederacea]' ee. Upper pair of stamens shorter than the lower. /. Calyx distinctly two-lipped ; low herbs 5-6 dm. high, with petioled, oblong, leaves and blue flowers 8-12 mm. long in dense bracted spikes or heads. Prunella vulgaris, p. 666 //. Calyx not distinctly two-Hpped. g. Decumbent herbs with orbicular, coarsely crenate, leaves, and reddish-purple flowers 12-16 mm. long in axillary and terminal clusters. [Laniium ample.ricaicleY gg. Upright herbs with pink or purple flowers in ver- ticillate, clustered, terminal spikes or axillary. h. Leaves three parted or cleft. [Leonurus cardiaca]* Jih. Leaves linear, lanceolate or oblong. {. Leaves narrowed at the base, linear 2-5 mm. wide ; plant 3-5 dm. high, nearly glabrous. Sfachys hyssopifolia, p. 667 n. Leaves cordate or truncate at the base, lanceolate to ovate, plant 3-12 dm. high. Rough hairy or pubescent. /. Leaves all very short petioled, stem pubescent all over. S. palustris, p. 667 //. Leaves with petioles 6-35 mm. long, stem pubescent on the angles only. S. aspera, p. 667 ^ Catnip. This and the following are common weeds about houses, etc. " Ground Ivy. ' Henbit. * Mother-wort. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 663 dd. Anther-bearing stamens 2. e. Calyx 2-lippecl, flowers blue, 20-30 mm. long, in whorls. Salvia lyrata, p. 667 ee. Calyx tubular equally 5-toothed, corolla elongated, 25-40 mm. long, flowers in dense terminal or axillary capitate clusters, with colored leaf-like bracts immediately below. /. Flowers lilac or purplish. Monarda Ustulosa, p. 668 //. Flowers yellowish, the upper lip spotted with purple. M. punctata, p. 668 cc. Upper lip flat or only slightly concave. d. Flowers in axillary whorls or terminal capitate clusters, white or purple. e. Stamens curved, often more or less converging. f. Anther-bearing stamens 2. Low herbs, 1.5-4 dm. high, flowers 6 mm. long, purple, in axillary clusters or in- terrupted spikes, and small nearly glabrous leaves. Hedeoma, p. 668 //. Anther-bearing stamens 4. Herbs 3-6 dm. high, hir- sute, with dense axillary or terminal clusters of pink flowers. Clinopodium vulgare, p. 669 ee. Stamens never curved, often divergent. /. Anther-bearing stamens 4. Very small white or purple- dotted flowers in dense terminal or axillary glomerules or cymose clusters. Koellia, p. 669 //. Anther-bearing stamens 2. Flowers lilac, 10-12 mm. long, in loose cymose terminal clusters. Cunila, p. 671 dd. Flowers in an open terminal panicle, yellow. Collins onia, p. 674 TEUCRIUM L. Teucrium canadense L. Germander. Teucrium canadense Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 564. 1753 [Canada]. — Knieskern 23. — Britton 203. Low moist ground; frequent in the Northern and Middle districts. Fl. — Late June to early August and sporadically into Septem- ber. Middle District. — New Egypt, Cooper's Ferry, Washington Park, Swedes- boro, Salem (S). Teucrium canadense littorale (Bicknell). Coast Germander. Teucrium littorale Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club. 1901. 160 [York Harbor, Me.]. Frequent along the edge of the maritime marshes. Pi. — Early July to early August, sporadically later. Coast Strip.— Ft. Pleasant (S), Seaside Park, Ship Bottom (L), Tucker's (L), Atlantic City (T), Beesley's Pt. (S), Piermont (S), Anglesea, Cold Spring, Cape May Pt. 664 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. ISANTHUS Michaux. Isanthus brachiatus (L.). False Pennyroyal. Trichostema brachiatum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 598. 1753 [North America]. Isanthus ccsruleus Willis 44. Isanthus brachiatus Britton 203. — Keller and Brown 272- Dry sandy ground ; at several points along the Delaware above Trenton, also in Bergen and Monmouth Counties ; rare and quite likely introduced, as it occurs along railroads in Pennsylvania. Middle Dw/nVf.— Freehold (C). TRICHOSTEMA L. Trichostema dichotomum L. Blue Curls. Trichostema dichotomum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 598 [Virginia and Pennsylvania]. Barton Fl. Phila. IL 40. 1818.— Britton 202. Dry fields, etc., throughout the State, in many instances a weed in cultivated or waste ground. Fl. — Mid- August to mid-September. Middle District.— 'New Egypt, Hartford, Camden (T), Medford (S), Oak- lyn (S), Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Lindenwold, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Speedwell (S), Pen Bryn (S), Atsion (S), Landisville (T), Egg Harbor City, Belleplain (S). Coast Strip.— Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Tucker's (L), West Creek (S), Atlantic City (S), Avalon. Cape May.— Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S). Trichostema lineare Nutt. Narrow-leaved Blue Curls. Trichostema linearis Nuttall, Gen. H. 39. 1818 [New Jersey]. — Barton Fl. Phila. IL 40. 1818. — Knieskern 23. — Willis 44. — Britton 203. — Keller and Brown 274. Ivocally in sandy ground of the Middle and Pine Barren dis- tricts; apparently not common. Fl. — Mid-August to mid-September. Middle District. — Hainesport, Camden, Griffith's Swamp (NB), Washing- ton Park, Clementon. Pine Barrens. — Monmouth and Ocean Cos. (C), Malaga (P), Quaker Bridge (C), Palermo (S), Seaville. SCUTELLARIA L. Key to the Species. a. Flowers 6-10 mm. long, in axillary or sometimes terminal racemes. S. lateriflora, p. 665 aa. Flowers 12-30 mm. long, in terminal, often panicled, racemes. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 665 b. Leaves, except the floral ones, broad, crenate or dentate. S. pilosa, p. 665 bb. Leaves, all except the lowest, narrow entire. 5". integrifolia, p. 665 aaa. Flowers 16-26 mm. long, solitary in the axils, leaves lanceolate, nearly- sessile. S. galericulata, p. 666 Scutellaria lateriflora L. Mad-dog Scullcap. Scutellaria lateriflora Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 598 [Canada and Virginia]. — Knies- kern 24. — Britton 201. Common in wet shaded ground or along streams throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it does not occur. PL — Early July to mid-September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Fish House, Kaighns Ft., Medford (S), Oaklyn (S), Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Lindenwold (S), Bridge- port, Blackwood, Clementon (S), Swedesboro, Willow Grove, Salem. Coast Strip. — Manahawkin. Cape May. — Goshen (S), Court House (S), Dias Creek, Cold Spring, Green Creek (S). Scutellaria pilosa Michx. Hairy Scullcap. Scutellaria pilosa Michaux, FI. Bor. Am. H. il. 1803 [Carolina and Georgia]. — Willis 46. — Britton 200. Dry ground; rather frequent or occasional in the Middle and Cape IVlay districts, ranging north to Hunterdon and IVEercer Counties. Fl. — ]V[id-June to mid- July. Middle District. — Keyport (NB), Birmingham, Medford (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Union Grove (S), Fairton (S). Cape May. — Cold Spring (S), Bennett. Scutellaria integrifolia L. Hyssop Scullcap. Scutellaria integrifolia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 599. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Barton Fl. Phila. II. 39. 1818. — Knieskern 24. — Britton 200. Common in moist ground throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it is only occasional. Fl. — IVIid-June to mid-July. Middle District. — Keyport (NB), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Riverside, Hartford, Arney's Mt. (S), Albion, Locust Grove (S), Medford (S), Oaklyn (S), Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Repaupo, Sicklerville (S), York- town, Husted (S), Haleyville (NB). Pine Barrens. — Williamstown Jnc, Winslow Jnc, Hammonton (Bassett). Coast Strip. — Pt. Pleasant, Waretown, Forked River, Sherburn's (L), Cox's, Beesley's Pt. (S), Petersburg (S), Mays Landing (S). Cape Moy.— Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S). 666 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Scutellaria galericulata L. Marsh Scullcap. Scutellaria galericulata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 599. 1753 [Europe]. — Nuttall Gen. II. 37. 1818.— Barton Fl. Phila. II. 38. 1818.— Britton 201.— Keller and Brown 275. In wet ground in the northern counties and southward along the Delaware River, also at Cape May. The statement in Britton's Catalogue to the effect that it is "frequent in Atlantic County (Peters)" must be an error; there are no specimens in the State herbarium. Fl. — Early June to late Aligust. Middle District. — Riverton (Bassett), Delanco, Cooper's Creek, Westville (KB), Repaupo, Swedesboro, Woodstown (KB). Cape May.— Cape May (OHB). AGASTACHE Clayton. Agastache nepetoides (L.). Catnip Giant Hyssop. Hyssopus nepetoides Linnseus, Sp. PI. 569. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. Lophanthus nepetoides Willis 45. — Britton 200. Agastache nepetoides Keller and Brown 275. Locally on edges of w'oods in the northern counties; rare within our limits, in the upper Middle district only. Fl. — Late July into September. Middle District.— 'Freehold (C), Gloucester (KB), Pea-shore Camden (P). Agastache scrophularifolia (Willd.). Giant Hyssop. Hyssopus scrophularifolius Willdenow, Sp. PL III. 48. 1801 [Virginia and Canada].— Barton, Fl. Phila. 11. 31- 1818. Lophanthus scrophularicefolius Britton 200. Agastache scrophularicc folia Keller and Brown 275. Frequent on the edges of woods in the northern counties; rare southward in the Middle district. FL — Late July into September. Middle District. — Freehold (C), Camden. PRUNELLA L. Prunella vulgaris L. Self-heal. Prunella vulgaris Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 600. 1753 [Europe]. Brunella vulgaris Britton 201. Frequent as a weed in cultivated ground and also in woods, etc., in remote sections, where it appears as if native. Original habitat not ascertainable. Fl. — Early June into October. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. (i(>'j STACHYS L. Stachys hyssopifolia Michx. Hyssop Hedge Nettle. Stachys hyssopifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 4. 1803 [Carolina].— Willis 46. — Britton 202. — Keller and Brown 277. Open wet ground in the Middle district; local. Fl. — Late July to late August. Middle District.— Florence, Delanco, Pemberton (NJ), Moorestown (KB), Camden (C), Medford (NB). Pine Barrensf— Malaga (KB). Stachys palustris L. Hedge Nettle. Stachys palustris Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 580. 1753 [Europe].— Knieskern 24.— Britton 201. Damp open ground, rare ; known only from one locality in the Coast district, and possibly not native there. Fl. — Mid-June to late July, probably. Coast Strip. — Spray Beach (L). Stachys aspera Mich. Rough Hedge Nettle. Stachys aspera Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 5. 1803 [Carolina].— Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 33. 1818.— Britton 201. Moist open ground of the Northern and Middle districts. Fl. — Mid-June to late July, sporadically into September. Middle District. — Atlantic Highlands (NB), New Egypt, Fish House, Washington Park, Center Square, Salem (S). SALVIA L. Salvia lyrata L. Lyre-leaved Sage. PI. CXXIIL, Fig. 2. Salvia lyrata Linnaeus, Sp. PL 23. 1753 [Virginia]. — Knieskern 23. — Britton 199. Sandy ground ; frequent in the Middle district north to Middle- sex and Mercer Counties, and on the Coast strip south to Cape May. Fl. — Mid-May to mid-June. Middle District.— Varmmgdale, New Eg>'pt (NB), Pemberton (NB), Med- ford (S), Taunton (S), Washington Park, Camden (P), Lindenwold (S), Two miles east Sewell (S), Wenonah (S). Coas» Strip.— Ft. Pleasant (S), Atlantic City, Avalon, Piermont (S), Cold Spring (S), Cape May Court House. 668 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. MONARDA L. Monarda fistulosa L. Wild Bergamot. Monarda fistulosa Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 22. 1753 [Canada]. — Britton 199. In dry soil ; locally in the northern counties ; rare within our limits and confined to the Middle district. Fl. — Early July to late August. Middle District. — Keyport (C), Cassville. Monarda punctata L. Horse-mint. PI. ex. Monarda punctata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 22. 1753 [Virginia]. — Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. L 18. 1814.— Barton Fl. Phila. 14. 1818.— Knieskem 23.— Willis 45. — Britton 199. — Keller and Brown 278. Common in dry, open, sandy ground of the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts north to Middlesex and Mercer Counties. Appears as a weed in many places, and the occurrences in the Pine Barrens seem to be of this nature. This is one of the characteristic native plants of the Middle district which takes kindly to cultivation, increasing abundantly in fields, along roadsides, etc. While its flowers are handsome individually, the colors are too neutral and the pink bracts not bright enough to produce much effect in bulk. Fl. — Late July into October. Middle District.— 'New Egypt, New Lisbon, Camden, Medford (S), Mickle- ton, Blackwood, Clementon, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Speedwell (S), Landisville (T), Hammonton, Mouth of Batsto, Egg Harbor City. Coast Strip.— Ahsecon (S), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Wildwood. Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB), Dias Creek, Cape May. HEDEOIVIA Persoon. Hedeoma pulegioides (L.). Pennyroyal. Melissa pulegioides Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 593- i753 [Virginia and Canada]. Hedeoma pulegioides Knieskern 23. — Britton 198. Frequent in open dry ground or in woodland throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it is local and perhaps introduced, as it has a tendency to spread everywhere in culti- vated ground. Fl. — Late July to early September. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 669 Middle District. — New Egypt, Oaklyn (S), Swedesboro, Camden (P). Pine Barrens. — Cedar Brook, Egg Harbor City. Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB). CLINOPODIUM L. Clinopodium vulgare L. Clinopodium vulgare Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 587. 1753 [Europe and Canada]. Calamintha clinopodium Knieskern 23. — Britton 198. Dry ground, woods or thickets ; frequent in the northern coun- ties and less common southward in the Middle district; intro- duced as a weed into the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Early July into September. Middle District. — Ocean and Monmouth Cos. (Kn), New Egypt, Moores- town (C), Atco (C), Swedesboro. Pine Barrens — Landisville. KOELLIA Moench. Key to the Species. a. Bracts and calyx teeth awn-tipped, rigid, as long as the corolla, flowers in dense heads, terminating the branchlets, leaves slightly petioled. K. aristata, p. 670 aa. Bracts and calyx teeth not long-awned. b. Leaves linear. K. Hexuosa, p. 66g hh. Leaves lanceolate. c. Leaves all glabrous or slightly pubescent on the nerves beneath. K. virginiana, p. 670 cc. Leaves, at least the uppermost, closely pubescent above. K. verticillata, p. 670 bhb. Leaves ovate or ovate oblong. c. Calyx and bracts with close minute appressed pubescence; leaves hoary with whitish wool beneath. K. incana, p. 671 cc. Calyx and bracts pilose or hispid, with distant spreading hairs; leaves ovate, rigid, acute, rounded at base, green and glabrate when old; floral leaves, bracts and calyx teeth hoary. K. mutica, p. 671 Koellia flexuosa (Walt.). Narrow-leaved Mountain Mint. Origanum Uexuosum Walter, Fl. Car. 165. 1788 [Carolina]. Dry rocky ground ; frequent in the northern counties, but rare within our limits and confined to the upper Middle district and lower Cape May. Fl. — Early July to late August. 670 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Middle District. — Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, Burlington, Swedesboro (CDL). Cape May.— Co\A Spring (S), Court House. Koellia virginiana (L.). Virginia Mountain Mint. Satureja virginiana Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 567 [Virginia]. Pycnanthemum lanceolatum Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 35. 1818 (in part). Pycnanthemunt virginicum Britton 198. Mainly dry ground ; perhaps frequent in the northern counties ; very rare within our limits. Known from one locality only in the Middle district. Fl. — Early July to early September. Middle District.— Kdii^hn^ Pt. Koellia verticillata (Michx.). Torrey's Mountain Mint. Brachystemon verticillatum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 6. pi. 31. 1803 [mountains of Pennsylvania and Upper Carolina]. Pycnanthemum Torreyi Britton 197. Koellia verticillata Keller and Brown 280 (in part). Frequent in low grounds of the northern and Middle districts southward to Salem County ; occasional in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Early July to early September. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Freehold (C), New Egypt, Kaighns Pt., Medford (S), Lawnside (S), Lindenwold, Salem Co. (KB), Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Ancora, Piper's Corner (S), El wood (C), Egg Harbor City (KB). Koellia aristata (Michx.). Awned Mountain Mint. Pycnanthemum aristatnm Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 8. pi. 33. 1803 [Mary- land and Upper Carolina]. — Knieskern 23. — Willis 45. — Britton 197. Koellia aristata Keller and Brown 280. Apparently restricted to the Central part of the Coast strip from Forked River to Absecon and on the outlying island ; locally common. Although generally credited to the "Pine Barrens" we have been unable to find it away from the immediate vicinity of the coast. Fl. — Early July to early September. Coast Strip. — Ocean Co. (Kn), Waretown (C), Forked River, Manahawkin, Cox's, Beach Haven (L), Ship Bottom (L), North Beach Haven (L), Absecon. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 671 Koellia incana (L.). Hoary Mountain Mint. Clinopodium incanum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 588. 1753 [N. Europe]. Pycnanthemum incanum Britton 197. Open woods, rocky or sandy soil; frequent in the northern counties and locally and irregularly southward; apparently to some extent introduced in our territory. Fl. — Early July to early September. Middle District.— Qn^th's Swamp, Mickleton (C), Bridgeton (C), Merchantville (C). Pine Barrens. — Hammonton (Bassett), Quaker Bridge (P). Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB), Three miles west Court House (S). Koellia mutica (Michx.). Short-toothed Mountain Mint, Brachystemon muticum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 6. pi. 32. 1803 [Upper Carolina]. Pycnanthemum mnticiim Britton 197. Frequent in open sandy ground, mainly restricted to the Mid- dle and Pine Barren districts, though it ranges northward along the Delaware and probably passes the fall line at other points in the northern counties. Fl. — Early July to early September. Middle District. — Farmingdale (NB), Pemberton Jnc. (S), Camden, Had- donfield (P), Medford (NB), Mickleton. Pine Barrens. — Cassville, Absecon, Atsion, Hammonton. CUNILA L. Cunila origanoides (L.). Dittany. Satureja origanoides Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 568. 1753 [Virginia]. Cunila mariana Britton 197. Dry soil, usually in open woodland; common in the northern counties and locally frequent in the IMiddle and Cape May dis- tricts. Fl. — Mid-August to late September. Middle District.— Keyport (C), Mickleton (C), Mantua, Timber Creek near Gloucester (P), Swedes Bridge (C), Swedesboro (CDL), Bridgeton. Cape May. — Bennett, Green Creek (S). (>'/2 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. LYCOPUS L. Key to the Species. a. Calyx-teeth ovate, scarcely acute, shorter than the mature nutlets. b. Leaves mostly ovate, often purple, base of stem not tuberous. Lye opus virginicus, p. 672 bb. Leaves mostly lanceolate to oblong, base of stem tuberous. L. uniflorus, p. 672 aa. Calyx-teeth lanceolate, subulate or very acute, larger than the nutlets. b. Leaves deeply incised or pinnatified. L. americanns, p. 673 bb. Leaves merely serrate. c. Leaves sessile. L. sessilifoliiis, p. 672 cc. Leaves narrowed into a manifest petiole. L. rubellns, p. 67^ Lycopus virginicus L. Purple Water Hoarhound or Bugle-weed. Lycopus virginicus Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 21. 1753 [Virginia]. — Knieskern 23. — Britton 196. Moist ground ; frequent in the Northern and Middle districts. Fl. — Late July into September. Middle District. — Long Branch, New Egypt, Medford (S), Oaklyn (S), Lawnside (S), Salem. Pine Barrens. — Landisville (T), Atsion (S). Lycopus uniflorus Michx. Common Water Hoarhound. Lycopus uniflorus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. 14. 1803 [Lakes, St. John and Mistassini, Canada]. Moist ground; frequent in the Northern and Coast districts; apparently rare in the Middle district at least within our limits. Fl. — Late July into September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Clementon. Coast Strip. — Cox's, Manahawkin, Barnegat City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Holgate's (L), Sherburn's (L). Lycopus sessilifoiius Gray. Sessile-leaved Water Hoarhound. Lycopus europccus var. sessilifoiius Gray, Man. Ed. 5. 345. 1867 [Atsion Creek, N. J.] — WilHs 44. — Britton 196. — Keller and Brown 280. Common in the Pine Barrens and frequent elsewhere through- out our region, but apparently not recorded in the State north of our limits. This is the typical Hoarhound of the Pine Barrens common about the Cranberry bogs and other wet spots, always with abundantly-developed stolons. The type specimen was collected PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 673 by the late William M. Canby on Atsion Creek, in the heart of the Pines, that he was so fond of exploring. Fl. — Early August into October. Middle District.— De\ar\co (S), Fish House, Oaklyn (S), Swedesboro (CDL), Pennsgrove (NB), Salem (S), Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens.— Como, Toms River (KB), Forked River, West Creek (S), Speedwell (S), Clementon (S), Atsion (C), Parkdale, Batsto, Green Bank (C), Egg Harbor City (KB), Mays Landing, Palermo (S), Seaville (S), Ocean City Jnc, Petersburg (S). Coast Strip. — Seaside Park, Barnegat City (L). Cape Ma^'.— Bennett, Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). Lycopus rubellus Moench. Stalked Water Hoarhound. Lycopus rubellus Moench, Meth. Suppl. 146. 1802 [No loc, prob. Virginia] — Britton 196. — Keller and Brovi^n 281. Apparently rare. I am, however, by no means certain that the plant referred to is certainly distinct from L. sessilifolius. The example from Cape May shows short petioled leaves, but one from Forked River is nearly as much petioled. The sepals, too, are nearly glabrous, while in sessilifolius they are usually hispid. Cape May. — Cape May. Lycopus americanus Muhl. Cut-leaved Water Hoarhound. Lycopus americanus "Muhlenberg," Barton, Fl. Phila. Prodr. 15. 1815 [Can- ada]. Lycopus sinuatus Willis 44. — Britton 196. IMoist ground ; frequent or common throughout the State, ex- cept in the Pine Barrens, where it is conspicuous by its absence. Especially abundant on the coast strip. Fl. — Mid-July into September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Florence, New Lisbon, Delanco (S), Cam- den, S. Westville, Swedesboro, Millville. Coast Strip.— Seaside Park, Waretown, N. Beach Haven (L), Peahala (L), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Beesley's Pt. (S), Ocean City (S), Palermo (S), Mays Landing (S), Seaville, Piermont (S), Court House (S), Cold Spring (S). Cape May.— Dennisville (S), E. of Dias Creek (S). MENTHA L. Key to the Species. a. Whorls of flowers axillary only. M. canadensis, p. 674 aa. Whorls of flowers forming terminal spikes. b. Plants glabrous or nearly so. 43 MUS 674 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. c. Spikes slender, mostly interrupted, leaves sessile or nearly so. [M. 'Spicata]* cc. Spikes shorter and denser, leaves petioled. [M. piperita]f hb. Plants villose, hirsute or canescent. c. Leaves lanceolate, acute. [Af. longifolia\% cc. Leaves elliptic, obtuse. [M. rotundifolia]% Mentha canadensis L. Wild Mint. Mentha canadensis Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 577. 1753 [Canada]. — Britton 196. Common in open moist ground in the northern counties and less common southward in the Middle and Coast districts. Fl. — Early July into September. Middle District.— Tish House, Medford (S), Washington Park, Mickle- ton, Swedesboro, Woodstown (NB). Coast Strip. — Spray Beach (L). COLLINSONIA L. Coliinsonia canadensis Li. Collinsonia canade^is Linnseus, Sp. PI. 28. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Knieskern 23. — Britton 195. Frequent in woods of the northern counties; rare southward within our limits. Fl. — Early August to late September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Mantua, Swedesboro (CDL). Family SOLANACE^. Potatoes, Groundcherries, etc. a. Fruit a prickly capsule, flowers long funnel-form, 70-90 mm. long. Rank herbs 3-15 dm. high. b. Corolla white. [Datura stramoniumY bb. Corolla violet purple. [D. tatula]* aa. Fruit a berry. b. Fruiting calyx enlarged, bladder-like, completely enclosing the berry. Physalis, p. 675 bb. Calyx not enlarged. c. Climbing vine with purple flowers and red berries. [Solatium dulcamara]* * Spear Mint, abundantly introduced in meadows. t Pepper Mint, locally introduced. t Horse Mint, waste ground, very rare. § Round-leaved Mint, waste ground. Several other species of Mint are introduced in various parts of the country. ^Jimson Weed, an abundant weed. ' Purple Jimson, less frequent. * Nightshade, in thickets, often appearing like a native. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 675 cc. Erect herbs with white or whitish flowers. d. Plant prickly, berries yellow. [S. carolinense]* dd. Plant not prickly, berries black. S. nigrum, p. 675 PHYSALIS L. Physalis heterophylla Nees. Ground Cherry. Physalis heterophylla Nees. Linnaea VI. 463. 1831 [North America, prob- ably Pennsylvania]. r>ry Open ground; frequent throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it is local. This and several other species are credited to our region, but they are all so generally weeds that it is impossible to determine if they are native here and, if so, what their original distribution may have been. SOLANUM L. Solanum nigrum L. Black Nightshade. Solanum nigrum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 186. 1753 [throughout world]. — Britton 181. Generally distributed, but such a universal weed that all trace of its original habitat has been lost. The introduced S. dulca- mara (Purple Nightshade or Bitter Sweet) is perfectly natural- ized along the coastal islands, where it is as characteristic as some of the native species. Family SCROPHULARIACE^. Figwort, etc. Key to the Species. a. Corolla rotate, anther-bearing stamens 5. b. Plant densely wooly, flowers yellow, in a dense terminal spike. [Verbascum thapsusY bb. Plant glabrous, flowers in a slender raceme, white or yellow, stamens purplish. [V. blattariaY aa. Corolla various, anther-bearing stamens 2 or 4. b. Corolla spurred at the base. c. Flowers 25-30 mm. long, yellow and orange. [Linaria linariaY cc. Flowers 6-12 mm. long, blue. L. canadensis, p. 677 bb. Corolla not spurred. c. Anther-bearing stamens 2. d. Dwarf aquatic plants w'th inconspicuous axillary flowers and opposite, entire rounded leaves. Micranthemum, p. 68r * Horse Nettle, a bad weed in fields, etc. ^ Mullein, a common field weed occurring with the next. ' Moth Mullein. ' Toad-flax, a frequent weed on roadsides and waste ground. 676 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. dd. Tall herbs 6-20 dm. high, with dense terminal spike-like racemes of tubular white flowers (4 mm. long). Leptandra virginica, p. 683 ddd. Low herbs, not over 6 dm. high. e. Flowers somewhat tubular, limb two-lipped. /. Two protruding sterile stamens in addition to those bearing anthers. g. Peduncles long and fiHform, exceeding the sub- tending leaves. /. anagallidea, p. 681 gg. Peduncles as long as the leaves, or shorter. Ilysanthes duhia, p. 680 ff. Sterile filaments, short or none. g. Flowers bright yellow. Gratiola aurea, p. 680 gg. Flowers white or tinged with yellow or purple. h. Plant hirsute, flowers 8 mm. long. G. pilosa, p. 680 hh. Plant glabrous, flowers 14 mm. long. G. sphcerocarpa, p. 679 hhh. Plant glandular, puberulent, flowers 8-10 mm. long. G. virginiana, p. 679 ee. Flowers rotate, divisions nearly equal, not 2-lipped. Veronica, p. 682 cc. Anther bearing stamens 4. d. Terrestrial herbs with conspicuous flowers. e. Flower heads appearing scarlet, but color really re- stricted to the foliaccous bracts, flowers greenish yellow. Castilleja, p. 687 ee. Flowers blue or violet, 25 mm. long, plants glabrous. /. Leaves sessile, peduncles longer than the calyx. Mimulus ringens, p. 679 ff. Leaves petioled, peduncles shorter than the calyx. M. alatus, p. 679 eee. Flowers pink or purple. f. Plant hispid, flowers salverform, purple, 25 mm. long, the limb nearly equally s-parted, in a ter- minal bracted spike. Buchnera, p. 683 ff. Plants glabrous, with opposite sessile hnear leaves, flowers bell-shaped, pink or purplish, pedicelled, 10-25 rtirn- long. Gerardia, p. 68$ eeee. Flowers yellow. /. Similar to those of Gerardia, 25-35 mm. long. Dasystoma, p. 684 ff. Strongly 2-lipped, somewhat compressed, 15-20 mm. long. g. Plant glabrous, 3-9 dm. high, leaves pinnately lobed. Pedicularis lanceolata, p. 687 gg. Plant pubescent, at least above, 1.5-45 <''"• high, leaves pinnately parted. P. canadensis, p. 688 PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 677 eeeee. Flowers white. f. Corolla 25 mm. long, inflated and contracted at the mouth, plant glabrous. Chelone, p. 678 if. Corolla 20 mm. long, not contracted at the mouth, often tinged with purple, stem hairy. Penstemon hirsutus, p. 678 fff. Corolla 8-12 mm. long, two-lipped, lower lip yellow, plant puberulent, 2-5 dm. tall. Melampyrum lineare, p. 688 eeeeee. Flowers purplish or yellowish green, sometimes almost brown, or partly yellow, partly maroon. f. Flowers 6-8 mm. long, numerous in large, nearly leafless thyrses, plant 1-3 m. tall, glabrous below, somewhat glandular above, leaves opposite. g. Corolla dull outside, sterile stamen purple. Scrophularia marilandica, p. 678 gg. Corolla shining outside, sterile, stamen green- ish yellow. S. leporella, p. 678 ff. Flowers laterally compressed, irregular, 2-lipped, 25-40 mm. long, in a bracted spike ; plant pubes- cent, 3-6 dm. high, leaves alternate. Schwalbea, p. 687 dd. Low succulent aquatic plant, creeping on mud or floating, with slender obtuse leaves 20-120 mm. long, and i-flowered peduncles, corolla white or pinkish, 2 mm. broad. Limo sella, p. 681 LINARIA Hill. Linaria canadensis (L.). Blue Toad-flax. Antirrhinum canadense Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 618. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. IL 44- 1818. Linaria canadensis Knieskern 22. — Britton 183. Open, sandy ground; common throughout our region and in parts of the northern counties ; frequently a weed in cultivated and waste ground, Fl. — Late A^ril to early July. Middle District. — New Egypt, Burlington, Camden, Medford (S), Wash- ington Park, Mantua, Westville, Mickleton, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Brown's Mills, Forked River, Atco, Landisville, Head of Batsto. Coast 5fn>.— Seaside Park, Surf City (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Atlantic City. Cape May. — Cape May. * Knieskern's record of Physostegia virginica in Monmouth and Ocean counties (p. 24), cannot be verified. The plant has escaped from cultiva- tion farther south and perhaps his record is of this sort. 678 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. SCROPHULARIA L. Scrophularia marilandica L. Maryland Figwort. Scrophularia marilandica Linnseus, Sp. PI. 619. 1753 [Virginia]. Scrophularia nodosa van Marylandica Britton 184. Scrophularia nodosa Knieskern 22. Open woods and thickets; frequent in the northern counties and south casually in the Middle district, especially along the Delaware. PL — Early July to late August. Middle District. — Ocean and Monmouth Cos. (Kn), Fish House, Camden (CP), Salem Co. Scrophularia leporella Bicknell. Hare Figwort. Scrophularia leporella Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 23: 317. 1896 [Near N. Y. City]. Open woods and thickets; frequent in the northern counties and southward along the Delaware and on the Coastal strip. Fl. — Late May to early July. Middle District. — Fish House, Washington Park, Woodbury. Coast Strip. — Spray Beach (L), Piermont. CHELONE L. Chelone glabra L. Snakehead, Turtiehead. PI. CXI. Chelone glabra Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 611. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Knies- kern 22. — Britton 184. In open swamps ; common in the Northern and Middle districts and occasional on the Cape May peninsula. Fl. — Late August to late September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Burlington, Hartford, Birmingham, Delair, Kaighns Pt., Medford (S), Washington Park, Ashland. Cape May. — Seaville (S), Cold Spring (S). PENSTEMON Solander. Penstemorv hirsutus (L.). Hairy Beard Tongue. Chelone hirsutum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 611 [Virginia]. Penstemon pubescens Willis 42. Rbcky situations; frequent in the northern counties and occa- sional within our limits in sandy fields of the Middle district, where it is probably introduced as a weed. Fr. — Late May to late June. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 679 Middle District— 'New Egypt, Kirkwood (C), Mickleton (C). MIMULUS L. Mimutus ringens L. Common Monkey Flower. Mimulus ringens Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 634 [Virginia and Canada]. — Knieskern 22. — Britton 185. O^n swamps; frequent in the Northern and Middle districts and locally on the Cape May peninsula and Coast strip. Fl. — Early July to late August, sporadically into September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Pemberton (S), Delaire, Camden (C), Med- ford, Mickleton (C), Atco (C), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. Coast Strip. — Manahawkin, Mays Landing, Wildvvood Jnc, Dias Creek, Cape May (S), Cape May Court House. Mimulus alatus Soland. Wing-stemmed Monkey Flower. PI. CXIX., Fig. 2. Mimulus alatus Solander in Aiton's Hort. Kew. IL 361. 1789 [North America]. — Knieskern 22. — Britton 185. — Keller and Brown 288. Rare and local in open swamps or meadows of the Northern, and Middle districts. Fl. — Early July to late August, sporadically into September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Crosswicks Creek (C), Delair, Medford, Woodstown (KB). G RATI OLA L. Gratioia virginiana L. Clammy Hedge Hyssop. Gratiola virginiana Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 17. 1753 [Virginia]. — Knieskern 22. — Britton 185. Damp or muddy spots ; locally distributed through the North- ern and Middle districts. Fl. — Late May to late July. Middle District.— VzxmmgddlG. (S), New Egypt, Medford (S), Washing- ton Park, Andrews, Swedesboro, Riddleton. Gratiola sphaerocarpa Ell. Round-fruited Hedge Hyssop. Gratiola spharocarpa Elliott, Bot. S. C. and Ga. L 14. 1816 [Four miles from Charleston, S. C, on the neck].— Willis 42.— Britton i85.~Keller and Brown 289. Wet muddy spots in the Middle and Cape May districts, reach- ing here, the northern limit of its distribution; rare and local. 68o REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Originally collected in the State by Austin at Dennisville, Cape May County, May, 1855. Middle District. — Burlington. Cape May. — Ocean View (NB), 0pp. Cold Spring, Cape May (P), Dennis- ville (P). Gratiola aurea Pursh. Golden Hedge Hyssop. Gratiola aurea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 12. 1814 [Pine Barrens of N. Eng- land, New Jersey and Carolina]. — Knieskern 22. — Willis 42. — Britten 186. — Keller and Brown 289. Common in wet sandy ground throughout the Pine Barrens south to Dennisville, also locally in the Middle district and up the Delaware to Belvidere, also on the shores of Lake Hopat- cong and Green Pond. Fl. — Late June to late September. Middle District. — Florence Hts., Delanco, Fish House, Gloucester, Pauls- boro, Center Square. Pine Barrens. — Pt. Pleasant, Toms River, Forked River, Manahawkin, Cedar Grove (S), Cedar Bridge, West Creek, Landisville, Winslow, Ham- monton, Atsion (S), Batsto, Egg Harbor City, Woodbine, Dennisville (S). Gratiola pilosa Michx. Hairy Hedge Hyssop. Gratiola pilosa Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 7. 1803 [Carolina]. — Willis 42. — Britton 186. — Keller and Brown 289. Damp ground and edges of salt marshes in the Cape May and lower Middle districts, reaching here, the northern limit of its distribution. Collected at Griffith's Swamp, near Haddonfield, by Diffen- baugh in 1862. Fl. — Early July to early September. Middle District. — Four miles east of Camden, Griffith's Swamp, Dividing Creek. Cape May. — Court House, Two miles west of Court House (S), Three miles west of Court House (S), Bennett, Cold Spring, Green Creek, Cape May. ILYSANTHES Rafinesque. Ilysanthes dubia (L.). Short-stalked False Pimpernel. Gratiola dubia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. ij- I753 [Virginia]. Wet ground in the northern counties, ranging down the Dela- ware into the Middle district. Not found elsewhere within our limits. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 68i Fl. — Early July to early September. Middle District.— Rhevside, Kaighns Pt., Swedesboro. Ilysanthes anagallidea (Michx.).* Long-stalked False Pimpernel. Gratiola anagallidea Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 6. 1803 [Carolina]. Ilysanthes gratioloides Knieskem 22. — Britton 186. Lindernia attenuata Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 8. 1818. Frequent in wet places throughout the Middle and Cape May districts and along the Coast strip ; probably does not range much above the fall line in the northern counties. Fl. — Early July to early September. Middle District. — Crosswicks, Florence Hts., Jackson, Clementon, Woodbine (S). Coast Strip.— ti. Spring Lake (NB), St. Albans (L), N. Beach Haven (L), Spray Beach (L), Beach Haven (L), Ocean City (S). Cape May. — Rio Grande, Nummeytown (S). MICRANTHEMUM Michaux. Micranthemum micranthemoides (Nutt). Nuttall's Micranthemum. Hemianthus micranthemoides Nuttall, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. I. 119, pi. 6. 1817 [Kensington (now in Philadelphia) on the Delaware River]. Micranthemum micranthemoides Keller and Brown 289. Micranthemum Nuttallii Willis 43. — Britton 186. Muddy shores of the Delaware from Camden to Burlington; local. Fl. — Early September into November. Middle District. — Burlington, Delair, Morris, Camden.f LIMOSELLA L. Limoselia tenuifolia Hoffm. Narrow-leaved Mudwort. PI. XC, Fig. I. Limoselia tenuifolia Hoffman, Deutsch. Fl. 29. 1804 [Germany]. — Keller and Brown 290. Limoselia aquatica var. tenuifolia Willis 43. — Britton 186. Muddy shores of the Delaware and edges of the salt miarshes from Long Branch to St. Albans. Fl. — Early June into September. * cf. Robinson Rhodora 1908, 66, on nomenclature of species. t The record in Keller and Brown's list for Clementon (Jahn) cannot be substantiated and is almost certainly based upon a misidentification. 682 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Middle District. — Burlington, Shore of Delaware River. Coast Strip. — Long Branch (C), Lake Como (S), Spring Lake (NB), Sea Girt, Bay Head, St. Albans (L), Spray Beach (L), Holgate's (L). VERONICA L. Key to the Species. a. Flowers racemose in the axils of the leaves. b. Plants glabrous or slightly glandular, flowers blue. c. Leaves ovate or oval, petioled. V. americana, p. 682 cc. Leaves linear or linear lanceolate. V. scutellaia, p. 682 bb. Plants pubescent, leaves oval or obovate, petioled, flowers pale blue. [/. officinalis, p. 683 a^. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, pale blue with darker stripes. Stems decumbent, leaves opposite, oval, 6-12 mm. long. V. serpyllifolia, p. 683 aaa. Flowers solitary in the axils. Plant 7-30 cm. high. b. Erect glabrous or glandular, leaves oblong, 6-20 mm. long, flowers white. V. peregrina, p. 683 hb. Much branched and diffuse, leaves ovate or oval, crenate, 4-12 mm. long, flowers blue to nearly white. [V. arvensis'\* Veronica americana Schw. Brool^ew 'Egypt, Pemberton (NB), Mickleton (C), Oaklyn (S), Lawnside (S), Swedesboro. Family BIGNONIACE^. Trumpet Creepers, etc. a. Flowers bright red, plant a climbing vine. Tecoma, p. 695 aa. Flowers white with frilled edges, leaves large, broadly ovate. A large tree. [Catalpa catalpa]* TECOMA Jussieu. Tecoma radicans (L.). Trumpet Creeper. Bignonia radicans Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 624. 1753 [America]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. IL 43. 1818. Tecoma radicans Britton 193. — Keller and Brown 296. Thickets in low grounds ; frequent in the lower Cape May peninsula, the southern coast islands and in Cumberland and Salem Counties. * Catalpa or Indian Bean escaped from cultivation. 696 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Also possibly native along the Delaware to Camden and on the coast to Pt. Pleasant. Farther north it is certainly an escape. Barton records it from "a watery thicket three miles below Kaighns Point." This gorgeous climber is so familiar in cultivation that one does not realize that it is wild when he first comes upon it in its native habitat. It is a familiar sight in lower Cape May, climb- ing over dead trees and fence posts, its clusters of big red blos- soms almost constantly haunted by the Ruby-throated Humming birds seeking honey from their long tubes. Fl. — Mid-July to mid-August, sporadically later. Middle District. — Pt. Pleasant (KB), Delair, Cooper's Ferry, Pea Shore (P), Westville (KB), Washington Park (KB), Swedesboro (CDL), Riddle- ton (KB), Haleyville (NB), Salem (S). Cape May. — Nummeytown (S), Dias Creek, Cape May, Cape May Pt. Coast Strip.— Betsley's Pt. (S), Piermont, Anglesea (UP). Family ACANTHACE^. Acanthus, etc. a. Flowers large (35-50 mm.)> funnel form, pale blue, axillarj\ Plant hairy, 3-6 dm. high, with oval leaves. Ruellia, p. 696 aa. Flowers small (10-12 mm.) in axillary clusters or single, purplish. Plant glabrous, 3-9 dm. high, with linear lanceolate, entire leaves. Dianthera, p. 697 RUELLIA L. Ruellia ciliosa Pursh. Hairy Ruellia. PL CXV. Ruellia ciliosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 420. 1814 [Savannah, Ga.]. — Britton 193. — Keller and Brown 297. Low'er Cape May peninsula; locally common in thickets along the edge of the salt marshes. This fine plant was first discovered in the S'tate by Mr. Isaac Burk* east of Cape May Court House and proved later to be of regular occurrence along the Coastal strip from there to Cold Spring. The Ruellias seem to be in need of careful study and revision. The New Jersey plant is quite different from the southern sessile- leaved species, called R. ciliosa in some herbaria. The leaves are short petioled, and calyx lobes filiform, strongly ciliate. It is * 1816-1893. A zealous collector of the flora of southern New Jersey, and during the last years of his life engaged in mounting the collection at the Philadelphia Academy. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 697 perhaps R. parvi flora (Nees), but in the absence of authentic specimens of this species for comparison I have retained the name heretofore given to the New Jersey plant. PL — Mid-July to early Augrist, rarely later. Cape May. — Court House, Cold Spring. DIANTHERA L. Dianthera americana L. Water Willow. Dianthera americana Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 27. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 193. — Keller and Brown 297. Justicia pedunculosa Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 9. 1818. In shallow water, locally along the Delaware River north to Bordentown, and on the Raritan. This is another of the plants that push up the Susquehanna in Pennsylvania and to a less degree up the Delaware c.f. Lippia, Boltonia, Hupatorium coeles- tinwn, etc. Fl. — Early June to late August. Middle District. — Bordentown (NB), Redbank, Swedesboro.* Family PHRYMACE^. Lopseed. PHYRMA L. Phryma leptostachya L. Lopseed. Phryma leptostachya Linnseus, Sp. PI. 601. 1753 [North America]. — Knies- kern 23. — Britton 194. Woods; frequent in the northern counties; rare and local within our limits in the Middle and lower Cape May districts. Fl. — Early July to late August. Fr. — Early August to late September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Blackwood, Swedesboro, Gloucester (P). Cape May. — Cape May. *Mr. Jahn's record for Five-Mile Beach, given in Keller and Brown's list, was due to a confusion of names. Lippia was the plant he had in mind. 698 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Order PLANTAGINALES. Family PLANTAGINACE^. Plantains. PLANTAGO L. Fruiting Data. — The time of year noted indicates the season of fully developed (and commonly mature) capsules. Key to the Species. a. Corolla of fertile flowers closed over the fruit, flowers in slender spikes. b. Leaves spatulate lanceolate, very pubescent, stamens 4. Plantago virginica, p. 699 bb. Leaves linear, stamens 2. P. elongata, p. 700 aa. Corolla of fertile flowers not closed over the fruit. b. Leaves more or less dilated, strongly ribbed, flowers in a slender spike. c. Pod splitting around the middle. d. Plant nearly smooth, leaves broad, elliptic to cordate, ovate, undulate or slightly toothed. [P. majorY dd. Plant often quite pubescent, leaves lance ovate or narrowly elliptic. P. halophila, p. 698 cc. Pod splitting much below the middle. P. rugelii, p. 699 bb. Leaves lanceolate, flowers in a short terminal spike or head. [P. lanceolataY bbb. Leaves linear or setaceous. c. Leaves setaceous, loosely pubescent, bracts exceeding the calyx and giving a bristly appearance to the head. [P. aristataY cc. Leaves linear or subterete, fleshy, flowers in a long, slender raceme. P. decipiens, p. 699 Plantago halophila Bicknell. Salt Marsh Plantain. Plantago halophila Bicknell, Britt. Manual 1051 [VanCourtland Park, N. Y. City]. — Keller and Brown 298. A plaintain closely related to the common weed, P. major, occurs along the edge of the salt marshes. In the new Gray's Manual it is treated as a variety intermedia Gilibert, while 'Mr. Bicknell has described it as a species P. halophila, not having material necessary for a study of its re- lationship, I use the latter name, which beyond question refers to our plant. Pr. — June into October. ^ Common Plantain, a familiar weed. * Ribwort, a common v/eed. * Large-bracted Plantain, introduced from the west. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 699 Maritime. — Surf City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Tucker's (L), Absecon, Somer's Pt., Palermo, Anglesea, Cape May Court House, Cape May. Plantago rugelii Dene. Rugel's Plantain. Plantago Rugelii Decaisne in D. C. Prodr. XIII. pt. i. 700. 1852 [Decatur, Alabama]. — Britton 203. Reported from the Middle and Coast districts, and probably- found also in the northern counties ; generally confused with P. major and apparently largely or entirely a weed. Fr. — June into October. Plantago decipiens Barneoud. Seaside Plantain. Plantago decipens Barneoud, Mon. Plant. 16. 1845 [Labrador]. — Britton 203. Plantago maritima Knieskern 21. — Willis 40. — Keller and Brown 298. Frequent along the salt marshes of the coast, reaching here the southern limit of its distribution. Has also been found in a swamp on the Palisades between Guttenburg and Bull's Ferry. Pr. — July into October. Maritime. — Pt. Pleasant, Brigantine, St. Albans (L), Half-way House south of Bond's (L), Absecon, Atlantic City, Ocean City, Palermo, Wild- wood, Cape May (OHB). Plantago virginica L. Dwarf Plantain. Plantago virginica Linnseus, Sp. PI. 113. 1753 [Virginia]. — Barton, PI. Phila. I. 89. 1818. — Knieskern 21. — Britton 204. Common in open sandy ground throughout the Middle and Cape May districts, and occasional on the coast; seldom ranging above the fall line, except along the Delaware River. Often occurs as a weed in cultivated ground and may, no doubt, be introduced into the Pine Barrens in this way. Fr. — May into June or July. Middle District. — New Egypt, Crosswicks, Greenville, Kinkora, Medford (S), Woodbury, Woodbury Hts., Mickleton, Mantua, Glassboro, Bridgeton (S). Coast Strip. — Beach Haven (L). Cape Ma3?.— Cape May (OHB). 70O REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Plantago elongata Pursh. Slender Plantain. Plaintago elongata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 729. 1814 [Upper Louisiana]. — Britton 204. — Keller and Brown 298. Open sandy ground of the Middle and Cape May districts; rare. Not reported from the State north of our limits. Middle District. — Keyport (C), Pt. Pleasant (Williamson), Haddonfield (C). Cape May.— Cape May (S). Order RUBIALES. Family RUBIACE^. Madder, etc. Key to the Species. a. Shrub, with white flowers in dense globular heads. Cephalanthus, p. 702 aa. Herbs. b. Leaves opposite. c. Trailing, evergreen, with two white funnel-form flowers (10-12 mm. long), with united ovaries producing a red twin berry. Mitchella, p. 703 cc. Flowers not twin. d. Flowers axillary, funnel-form, white or lilac, plant much branched from near the base, branches procumbent. e. Leaves linear-lanceolate, flowers 4-6 mm. long. Diodia teres, p. 703 ee. Leaves lanceolate or oval, flowers 12 mm. long. D. virginiana, p. 703 dd. Flowers terminal and axillary, sessile in clusters, very small, 2 mm. broad, white, plant usually very low and tufted. Oldenlandia, p. 702 ddd. Flowers terminal, larger, 8-12 mm. broad, leaves lanceolate, basal spatulate. e. Flowers blue, with a yellow center, salverform, a dense rosette of basal leaves. Honstonia coerulea, p. 701 ee. Flowers lilac, funnel-form. H.longifolia, p. 701 bb. Leaves verticillate, stems square. c. Corolla, funnel-form pink, flowers in involucrate heads. [Sherardia avensis'\* cc. Corolla rotate. d. Annual ; fruit and plant bristly hispid, reclining on bushes, etc, leaves 6 and 8 in a whorl. G. apparine, p. 704 dd. Perennials. e. Fruit bristly hispid. * Blue Field Madder, a weed in cultivated ground. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 701 f. Leaves 4 in a whorl, i nerved. g. Hirsute pubescent. Galium pilosum, p. 704 gg. Glabrous or nearly so. G. pilosum puncticulosum, p. 705 //. Leaves 4 in a whorl, 3 nerved. g. Upper leaves lanceolate acuminate. G. lanceolatum, p. 705 gg. Upper leaves ovate, oval or obovate, obtuse. G. circaesans, p. 705 iff. Leaves 6 in a whorl. G. triHorum, p. 705 ee. Fruit smooth and glabrous. f. Fruit dry. g. Leaves obtuse. h. Corolla 2-2.5 mm. broad, white, leaves, mostly in 4's. G. tinctorium, p. 706 hh. Corolla 1.5 mm. broad or less, greenish white, leaves 4 or 6 in a whorl. G. claytoni, p. 706 gg. Leaves acute or cuspidate. h. Stem nearly or quite smooth. i. Leaves all in 6's. G. concinnum, p. 706 a. Leaves in 8's, or in 6's on the branches. [G. erectum]* hh. Stem retrorse hispid, leaves 6 in a whorl or 4-5 on the branches. G. asprellum, p. 707 ff. Fruit fleshy, resembling a double berry, plant glabrous or hirsute, leaves in 4's. G, hispidulum, p. 707 HOUSTONIA L. Houstonia caerulea L. Bluets. Quaker-Lady.f Houstonia ccerulea Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 105. 1753 [Virginia]. — Barton Fl. Phila. I. 84. 1818.— Willis 29.— Britton 125. Oldenlandia ccerulea Knieskern 17. Frequent in open, damp sandy ground, meadows, etc., in the northern counties, but rare and local within our limits and con- fined to the upper edge of the Middle district or close to the Delaware. Fl. — Late April to late May. Middle District.— Shark River (C), Allentown (C), New Egypt, Vin- centown (C), Kinkora, Camden Co. (C), Stoe Creek Twp. (C). * Wild Madder, occasional on roadsides. i Houstonia longifolia Gaertner (Fruct. I. 226, pi. f. 8. 1788, no location), was collected at Manchester, Ocean County, by J. W. Chickering, Jr., in 1877, according to Britton (125) ; not known from elsewhere in the State and perhaps merely a casual introduction. I have seen no specimens. 702 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. OLDENLANDIA L. Oldenlandia uniflora L. Clustered Bluets. Oldenlandia uniflora Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 119. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 125. — Keller and Brown 299. Oldenlandia glomerata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. I. 102. 1814. — Willis 29. Frequent along the edge of the Coast strip, where it joins the salt marshes, and along the edge of brackish or fresh marshes near the Delaware River north to Burlington. Also reported from Manchester (Britton's Catalogue). North of our limits it is reported from only one station in the State — Closter, Bergen County. Pi. — Late July to early September. Middle District. — Near Burlington, Camden, Kaighns Pt., Westville (KB), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Riddleton, Elsinboro (C), Sea Breeze (C), Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Manchester (C). Coa^t Strip.— Eelmar, Como (T), Spring Lake (C), Brielle (C). Forked River, Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), Sherburn's (L), N. Beach Haven (L), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (KB), Ocean City (KB), Palermo, Wildwood (UP), Cold Spring (S), Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). CEPHALANTHUS L. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Button-bush. PI. XCVL, Fig. I. Cephalanthus occidentalis Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 95. 1753 [America]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 80. 1818.— Knieskern 17. — Britton 124. Swamps and edges of streams; frequent throughout the State, but less plentiful in the Pine Barrens, which it usually enters along the larger streams. A conspicuous bush in mid-summer, with its spherical masses of small, white flowers, resembling white "button-balls." FL — Early July to early August. Middle District. — New Egypt, Delanco (S), Delair, Camden (P), Fish House, Lindenwold (S), Paulsboro, Haddonfield (P), Swedesboro (CDL). Pine Barrens. — Bear Swamp (S), Landisville, Hammonton (Bassett), At- sion (S), Pleasant Mills, Pancoast (S), Weymouth. Coast Strip.— Feahala (L), Ship Bottom (L), Five-mile Beach (UP), Cape May. — Court House, Nummeytown (S), Cold Spring (OHB), Ben- nett (S). PLAN.TS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 703 MITCHELLA L. Mitchella repens L. Partridge Berry, Twin Berry. PI. LXL, Fig. 2. Mitchella repens Linnaeus, Sp. PI. III. 1753 [Carolina, Virginia and Mary- land].—Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 85. 1818.— Knieskern 17.— Britton 125. Frequent in woods throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it occurs rarely along the larger streams as an intrusion from the coast. The twin flowers with united ovaries, and the double red berry, are unique among our plants. PL — Late May to late June. Fr. — Autumn, persisting over winter, often into the spring. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Birmingham, Medford (S), Oaklyn (S), Sicklerville, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Hammonton (Bassett), Weymouth, Pleasant Mills. Coast Strip.— Forked River, Cox's, Surf City (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Piermont (S), Wildwood (UP). Cape May.— Cold Spring, Cape May Pt. (S). DIODIA L. Diodia teres Walt. Rough Buttonweed. Diodia teres Walter, Fl. Car. 87. 1788 [Carolina]. — Knieskern 17. — Brit- ton 125. Sandy open ground; frequent throughout the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts and occasional in the Pine Barrens. To the north it extends up the Delaware to Warren County, and also to Passaic and Plainfield. Everywhere more or less Oif a weed. Fl. — ^Mid-July to late Septem'ber. Fr. — Mid-August to late October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Florence Heights, Camden, Medford (S), Gloucester, Washington Park (S), Fairton (S). Pine Barrens. — Lucaston Jnc. (S), Landisville (T), Quaker Bridge (S), Egg Harbor City. Coast Strip.— Qz.rn&g2Lt City (L), N. Beach Haven (L), Tucker's (L), At- lantic City (S), Ocean City (S). Cape May. — Cold Spring (S). Diodia virginiana L. Larger Buttonweed. Diodia virginiana Linnseus, Sp. PI. 104. 1753 [Virginia]. — Willis 29. — Britton 125. — Keller and Brown 299. 704 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Found only in damp open groimd in the lower part of the Cape May peninsula from Cape May to Dias Creek. First discovered in the State apparently by Parker and Read in 1871. Fl. — Early June to late August. Fr. — Early August to late October. Cape May. — Cape May, Dias Creek. GALIUM L. Galium aparine L. Cleaveris. PL CXVI., Fig. I. Galium Aparina Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 108. 1753 [Europe]. — Britton 126. Moist woods and thickets ; common in the northern counties and frequent in the Middle and Coast districts ; occasional on the Cape May peninsula. Fl. — Early May to early June. Fr. — Late May to late June. Middle District. — New Egypt, Beverly, Pemberton (NB), Medford (S), Sewell (S), Mickleton, Pitman, Riddleton, Elsinboro (C). Coast Strip. — Surf City (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Spray Beach (L), Barnegat City (L). Cape May.— Qo\A Spring (OHB). Galium pilosum Ait. Hairy Bedstraw. PI. CXVIII., Fig. I. Galium pilosum Aiton, Hort, Kew. I. 145. 1789 [North America]. — Knies- kern 17. — Britton 126. Frequent throughout the Middle, Coast and Cape May dis- tricts, ranging up the Ddaware to Warren County, and on the Kittatinny Mountain. Two records from the Pine Barrens are in cultivated districts, and the plants may have been introduced, as all the other Pine Barren specimens belong to the following, which seems to replace true pilosum in that district. Fl. — Late June to late July. Fr. — Late August into October. Middle District. — Farmingdale, Florence Heights, Arney's Mt. (S). Med- ford (S), Fairton (S). Pine Barrens. — Hammonton (Bassett), Landisville. Coast Strip. — Sandy Hook, Pt. Pleasant (S), Manahawkin, Surf City (L), Atlantic City, Palermo, Stone Harbor, Anglesea. Cape May. — Two miles west Court House (S), Dennisville (S), Bennett (S), Cold Spring (OHB). PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 705 Galium pilosum puncticulosum (Michx.). Pine Barren Bedstraw. Galium puncticulosum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 80. 1803 [Lower Carolina]. Galium pilosum var. puncticulosum Britten 127. — Keller and Brown 127. Frequent in dry ground in the Pine Barrens which mark the northernmost Hmit of its range. PL and Pr. — Probably as in the last. Pine Barrens. — Ancora, Hammonton, Hospitality Br. Eighth St. (T), Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (S), Beaver Dam. Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB).* Galium lanceolatum (Torr.). Torrey's Bedstraw. Galium circcczans var. lanceolatum Torrey, Cat. Plants, N. Y. 23. 1819 [Near New York]. Galium lanceolatum Willis 28. — Britton 127. — Keller and Brown 300. Rocky woodlands; frequently in the northern counties; very rare within our limits and confined to the upper Middle district. Pi. — Early June to early July. Pr. — Early August into Sep- tember. Middle Dw/nV/.— Freehold (C), Florence Hts. Galium circaszans Michx. Wild Liquorice. PI. CXVn., Fig. I. Galium circaszans Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. L 80. 1803 [Carolina].— Britton 127. Dry woods of the Northern, Middle and Cape May districts. Frequent north, but less comm.on southward. Not reported from the Pine Barrens or coast. PL — Early June to early July. Pr. — Late July into September. Middle District.— '!rVfnVf.— Farmingdale, New Egypt, Westmont (S), Springdale (S), Medford (S), Bear Swamp (S), Oaklyn (S), Lawnside (S), Linden- wold (S), Washington Park, Swedesboro, York-town, Millville, Haleyville, Buckshutem, Vineland. Coast Strip.— Ft. Pleasant, Bay Head, Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven Crest (L), Waretown, Mays Landing, Weekstown. Cape May. — Court House, Bennett. Viburnum scabrellum (Torr. & Gray). Downy-stemmed Arrowwooa. Viburnum dentatutn var. scabrellum Torrey and Gray, Flora N. A. Vol. IL 16. 1841 [Carolina, ex Michx.]. Common in damp thickets throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens. We have two species equally common and usually closely as- sociated— V. dentatum, with glabrous petioles, and the present form, which I take to be var. scabrellum T. and G., with densely pubescent petioles. The under side of the leaf is about the same in each, nearly glabrous, except for tufts of rusty hairs in the axils of the veins below. This species is perhaps a little more pubescent than V. dentatum, and one bush at Riddleton is doubt- less referable to V. venosum Britton, although it differs from the 7IO REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. present species only in the increased pubescence on the under side of the leaves. Fl. — Mid- June to early July. Fr. — Early September to early October. Middle District.— Mediord (S), Kaighns Pt., Collingswood (K&B), West- ville, Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Mullica Hill (P), Swedesboro (KB), Fairton (S). Coast Strip. — Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Bay Head, Manahawkin, Surf City (L), Atlantic City, Ocean City (S), Palermo (S), Holly Beach. Cape May. — Green Creek, Dias Creek (S), Court House (S). Viburnum venosum Britton. Coast Arrowwood. Viburnum venosum Britton, Man. 871. 1901 [Nantucket]. — Keller and Brown 302. ? Viburnum, moUe Britton 122. Found at one station in the Middle district. All other records refer to the preceding. Middle District. — Riddleton. Viburnum cassinoides L. Withe-rod. Viburnum cassinoides Linnaeus Sp. PI. Ed. 2. 384. 1762 [North America]. — Keller and Brown 302. Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides Britton 122. Frequent in damp thickets and swamps in the Pine Barrens and locally in the Middle district, also in Sussex County, accord- ing to Britton. Fl. — Late May to mid-June. Fr. — Late August into Septem- ber. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Sicklerville, Kirkwood (KB), Lindenwold (S), Repaupo (KB), Mickleton (KB), Tomlin, Williamstown, Sewell (S), Tomlinson's, Woodstown (KB). Pine Barrens. — Pt. Pleasant (S), Toms River, Brown's Mills (Leeds), Bamber, Waretown, Fork Medford (S), Washington Park, Mickleton (C), Swedesboro, Alloway. Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB). TRIOSTEUM L. Triosteum perfoliatum L. Feverwort, Horse Gentian. Triosieum perfoliatum Linnasus, Sp. PI. 176. 1753 [N. America]. — Knieskcra 16. — Britton 123. Frequent in rich woods in the northern counties and occasional southward in the Middle and Cape May districts. One station only in the Pine Barrens, in a grove near Hammonton, where it may likely have been introduced, as teams are frequently hitched there. FL — Late May to mid-June. Fr. — Early September into Oc- tober. Middle District.~Red Bank, Washington Park, Sea Breeze (C). Pine Barrens. — Hammonton. Cape May.— Court House (S), Cold Spring. * V. lentago is given in Britton's Catalogue as "frequent in Camden Co." on the authority of Mr. Martindale. This statement probably refers to V. prunifolium, as there is no evidence of the occurrence of V. lentago withim our limits. 712 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Triosteum aurantiacum Bicknell. Scarlet-fruited Horse Gentian. Triosteum aurantiacum Bicknell, Torreya I. 26. 1901 [Van Courtland Park, N. Y. City]. Very rare within our limits in similar situations to the pre- ceding. Fl. — Mid-May to early June. Fr. — Early August into Sep- tember. Middle District.— Red Bank. LONICERA L. Lonicera dioica L. Smooth-leaved Honeysuckle. Lonicera dioica Linnseus, Sp. PI. Ed. 12. 165. 1767 [No location]. — Keller and Brown 304. Lonicera glauca Britton 124. Frequent in damp rocky woods of the northern counties, also at three localities in Union and Essex Counties and at one station within our limits in the Middle district according to Britton. Middle District. — Birmingham (C). Lonicera sempervirens L. Coral Honeysuckle. Lcmicero sempervirens Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 173. 1753 [Virginia and Mexico]. — Keller and Brown 304. — Britton 123. Frequent in thickets of the Cape May and lower Middle dis- tricts; less common farther north, but ranging up the Delaware to Hunterdon County and to the New Durham Swamp, Hudson County, according to Britton. Often in other localities escaped from cultivation. FL — Late May to late July. Middle District. — Burlington (C), IvCoorestown (NB), Locust Grove, Washington Park, Sewell (S). Coast Strip. — Anglesea, Piermont. Cape May.— Cold Spring, Cape May, Cape May Pt. DIERVILLA Moench. Diervilla diervilla (L.). Bush Honeysuckle. Lonicera diervilla Linnscus, Sp. PI. 175 [Acadia and New York]. Diervilla Diervilla Keller and Brown 304. Diervilla triMa Britton 123. Mr. E. C. Jellett assures me that his record foi' Diervilla dier- ifilla at Millville published in Keller and Brown's List is correct. He was familiar with the plant at the time, and although he pre- PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 713 served no specimen, he does not see how he could have mistaken anything- else for it He was visiting" the station for Chionantlvus and found the Dierjilla growing with it. The plant is frequent in the northern counties, but this is our only evidence of its occurrence on the coastal plain. Order VALERIANALES Family VALERIANACE^. Valerians. Valerianella radiata (L.). Beaked Corn Salad. Valeriana Locusta var. radiata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 34. 1753 [Maryland]. Mr. O. H. Brown assures me that this plant is native about Cape May in sandy woods, associated with Myosotis virginica. It also occurs rarely in the Middle district. Fl. — Late April to early June. Middle District. — Washington Park. Cape May. — Cold Spring. Order CAWPANULALES. Family CUCURBITACE^. Gourds, Melons and Cucumbers. Key to the Species. a. Leaves z-7 lobed. b. Fruit ovoid, fleshy, densely spiny. Micramp elis , p. 713 hb. Fruits smaller, spiny, 3-10, together in a pedicelled head. Sicyos, p. 714 MICRAMPELIS Rafmesque. Micrampelis lobata (Mich.). Wild Balsam Apple. Sicyos lobata Michx., Fl. Bor. Am. IL 217. 1803 [W. Penna., on the Ohio River]. Micrampelis echinata Britton iii. Occasional in the Middle district and rarely on the Cape May peninsula, usually near the Delaware. To some extent escaped from cultivation, possibly entirely so. Fl. — Late July to late September. Fr. — Early September into October. Middle District. — ^New Egypt, Burlington, Four miles south Swedesboro. Cape May. — Cape May. 714 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. SICYOS L. Sicyos angulatus L. Star Cucumber. Sicyos angulata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1013 [Canada and Mexico]. — Knieskern 15. — Britton iii. Frequent along the Delaware River and at a few other stations in the Middle district. To some extent a weed. Fl. — Early August to late September. Fr. — Mid-September into October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Delair, Kaighns Pt., Washington Park, Swedesboro. Family CAMPANUIvACE^. Bluebells and Lobelias. Key to the Species. a. Corolla bell-like, white or bluish, stem weak and roughened. Campanula aparinoides, p. 714 aa. Corolla rotate, violet, leaves orbicular, cordate clasping. Specularia perfoliata, p. 715 oaa. Corolla tubular, five-lobed and more or less two-lipped. b. Flowers bright scarlet. Lobelia cardinalis, p. 715 bb. Flowers blue. c. Flowers 15-25 mm. long. d. Leaves glabrous or slightly pubescent, flowers 20-25 mm. long. L. syphilitica, p. 716 dd. Leaves densely pubescent, flowers 15-20 mm. long. L- puberula, p. 716 cc. Flowers 4-10 mm. long. d. Leaves ovate or oblong, dentate. L. iniiata, p. 711 dd. Leaves on stem, linear, linear oblong or spatulate, scattered, basal leaves broadly oblong, obovate or spatulate. e. Stems simple, inflorescence spike-like. L. spicata, p. 716 ee. Stems paniculately branched, flowers in loose racemes. f. Corolla 5-7 mm. long, calyx tube hemispheric, in fruit. L. nuttallii, p. 717 ff. Corolla 9-10 mm. long, calyx tube turbinate. L. canbyi, p. 717 CAMPANULA L. Campanula aparinoides Pursh. Marsh Bellflower." Campanula aparinoides Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 159. 1814 [Pennsylvania to Vir- ginia].— Knieskern 20. — Britton 157. * The record of C. amcricana from Swedesboro (KB) was an error. Mr. Lippincott states that he only reported C. aparinoides. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 715 Frequent in swamps of the northern counties, becoming much less common southward in the Middle district, and rare and local in the Cape May peninsula. Fl. — Late June to late August. Middle District. — New Egypt, Pemberton Jnc, Hartford, Camden (P), Pitman, Swedesboro. Cape May. — Cold Spring (S). SPECULARIA Heist. Specularia perfoiiata (L.). Venus' Looking-glass. Campanula perfoKata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 169. 1753 [Virginia]. Specularia perfoiiata Kniesl^ern 20. — Britton 157. Dry Open ground throughout the State. Occurs in the Pine Barrens only as a weed in cultivated ground, and the same may be said of many other localities, so that its native habitat in the State is difficult to determine. Conspicuous Fl. — Early June to early July. Middle District.— New Egypt, Locust Grove (S), Medford (S), Westville, Washington Park, Swedesboro, Yorktown (S), Millville (S). Pine Barrens. — Landisville, Mays Landing. Coast Strip.—Sviray Beach (L), Peahala (L). LOBELIA L. Lobelia cardinaiis L. Cardinal Flower. PI. CXIX., Fig. I. CoGelia Cardinaiis Linnaeus, Sp. PI- 930. 1753 [Virginia]. — Knieskern 19. — Britton 156. Wet grounds; frequent, except in the Pine Barrens, although it follows up the larger streams nearly or quite to the head of tide-water, as at Mays Landing. This is one of the most brilliant flowers of the late summer swamps of North and West Jersey, its scarlet spike standing out in contrast to the dark green of the surrounding foliage. Along the coast it seems to reach its highest development. Sometimes it covers considerable areas of open wet swamps, where it is only two or three feet high, while elsewhere, as along the Bay shore of Cape May, it occurs in thickets and overgrown swamps, reach- ing a height of six or seven feet. Near Green Creek I found a plant with pale salmon pink flowers. Fl. — Late July to mid-September. 7i6 REPORT. OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Middle District. — New Egypt, Smithville, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Delair, Medford (S), Washington Park, Lindenwold, Center Square, Blackwood, Swedesboro, Beaver Dam. Coast Strip. — Manahawkin, West Creek (S), Weekstown, Absecon (S), Palermo (S), Ocean View (S), Mays Landing, Wildwood. Cape May. — Court House, Cold Spring (S), Cape May (S), Green Creek, Dias Creek. Lobelia syphilitica L. Great Blue Lobelia. Lobelia syphilitica Linnseus, Sp. PI. 931. 1753 [Virginia]. — Willis 36. — Brit- ton 156. Low open ground ; frequent in the northern counties, but vei-y rare within our limits. FL — Early August to early October. Middle District.— Keypovt (C), Crosswicks Creek (C), Bordentown (C). Lobelia puberula Michx. Downy Lobelia. PI. CXX. Lobelia puberula Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 152. 1803 [Carolina]. — Britton 156. — Keller and Brown 307. Frequent in moist open sandy ground in the lower part of the Cape May peninsula, and north along the coast to Beesley's Pt., and locally to Manahawkin ; also locally in Cumberland and Salem Counties and at Hartford, Burlington County, Freehold, Mon- mouth County, and at Lawrenceville Landing, Mercer County. Fl. — Early August to early October. Middle District.— Freehold (C), Hartford, Course's Landing (KB), Woods- town (KB), Mannington (C), Haleyville (KB). Coast Strip. — Manahawkin, Atlantic City (KB), Beesley's Pt. (S), Palermo, Petersburg (KB), Seaville (S), Ocean View (S). Cape May. — Cold Spring, Cape May, Cape May Pt., Dias Creek. Lobelia spicata Lam. Slender Spiked Lobelia. Lobelia spicata Lamarck, Encycl. III. 587. 1789 [Canada]. — Britton 156. Frequent in open ground in the northern counties, and much less common southward in the Middle district. Apparently rare within our limits. Fl. — Early June to late July, and sporadically later. Middle District. — New Egypt, Lindenwold (S), Vineland (introduced?). PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. /j; Lobelia inflata L. Indian Tobacco. Lobelia inflata Linnseus, Sp. PI. 931. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Knies- kern 20. — Britton 156. Frequent in open ground in the Northern and Middle districts. Largely a weed in cultivated ground and as such enters the Pine Barrens and probably the Cape May and Coast districts. Origi- nal native habitat not ascertainable. Fl. — Mid-July to mid-September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Florence Heights, Camden (P), Washing- ton Park, Blackwood, Salem (S). Pine Barrens. — Hammonton (Bassett), Landisville (T). Lobelia nuttallii R. & S. Nuttall's Lobelia. Lobelia Nuttallii Roemer and Schultze, Syst. V. 39. 1819 [new name for L. gracilis Nutt.]. — Knieskern 20. — Britton 156. — Keller and Brown 307. Lobelia gracilis Nuttall, Gen. II. yy. 1818 [New Jersey to Carolina]. Common in moist sandy ground throughout the Pine Barrens, Cape May and Coast districts, and at many stations in the Middle district, occurring north of our limits at Sayreville, Middlesex County. Named for Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859), the famous botanist and ornithologist, for many years located at Philadelphia, where he published his Genera of N. A. Plants and studied carefully the region covered by the present work. PI. — Early July to early September. Middle District.— Shark River, Farmingdale (S), Pt. Pleasant, Long Branch, New Egypt, Camden, Haddonfield (S), Tomlin, Swedesboro, Wil- liamstown, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — New Lisbon, Hanover, Cedar Grove (S), Speedwell (S), Waterford, Cedar Brook, Buena Vista (T), Winslow (S), Hammonton, Pleasant Mills, Eighth St. (T), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S). Coast Strip. — Ship Bottom (L), Spray Beach (L), Anglesea. Cape May.— Court House (S), Cold Spring (S). Lobelia canbyi Gray. Canby's Lobelia. Lobelia Canbyi Gray, Man. Ed. V. 284. 1867 [Quaker Bridge, N. J.].— Willis 36. — Britton 157. — Keller and Brown 307. Frequent in wet sandy spots in the Pine Barrens, reaching here the northern limit of its range. A taller, somewhat more robust species than the last; usually with the flowers slightly tinted with lilac. It is restricted to the central Pine Barren region, and named for its discoverer William 7i8 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. M. Canby (1831-1904), the noted botanist of Delaware, and one of the most active students of the New Jersey Pine Barren flora.* Fl. — Late July to late Septemlber. Pine Barrens.— Ldkthmsi., Bamber, Jones' Mill (S), Speedwell (S), Cedar Brook, Hammonton, Atsion, Parkdale, Quaker Bridge, Bear Swamp (S), Cedar Lake, Batsto, Opp. Crowleytown, Egg Harbor City, Belleplain, Wood- bine. Family CICHORIACEi^. Chicory, Dfandelions, etc. Key to the Species. a. Flower heads drooping, with a long, cylindrical involucre. h. Heads 5-7 flowered, pappus light straw color. Nabalus attissimus, p. 723 bb. Heads 8-16 flowered. c. Pappus dark cinnamon-brown. N. albus, p. 724 cc. Pappus straw color or light brown. d. Inflorescence paniculate. e. Bracts shorter than the pappus. N. serpentarius, p. 724 ee. Bracts equal to the pappus. N. trifoUolatus, p. 723 dd. Inflorescence thyrsoid, often simple, and unilateral. A'', virgatus, p. 724 aa. Flower heads not drooping. b. Flowers blue or white. c. Flower heads 25-37 i^m. broad, bright blue or white. [Cichorium intybusY cc. Flower heads 4-10 mm. broad. d. Pappus white, flowers bright blue. e. Leaves oblong to ovate, dentate. Lactuca vilhsa, p. 721 ee. Leaves pinnatifid. L. Horidana, p. 721 dd. Pappus brown, flowers pale blue or bluish white. L. spicata, p. 721 bb. Flowers yellow or orange. c. Leaves all basal, scapes with a single head of flowers. d. Heads 15-50 mm. broad, flowers yellow. [T. taraxacum]* dd. Heads 6-12 mm. broad, orange. Adopogon carolinianutn, p. 719 cc. Cauline leaves present. d. Cauline leaves 1-5, a rosette of basal leaves. e. Flowers orange, plant glabrous and glaucous. Ad&pogon virginicum, p. 719 ee. Flowers yellow. * cf. Torreya IV. 52. * Chicory. Introduced along roadsides, etc. * Common Dandelion, an abundant weed. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 719 /. Leaves more or less purple veined. Hieracium venosum, p. 722 ff. Leaves green. H. marianum, p. 722 dd. Cauline leaves numerous, flowers yellow. e. Achenes flattened. /. Truncate, not beaked, leaves pinnatifid. [Sonchus oleraceus]* ff. Narrowed at the summit or beaked, leaves pinnatifid or entire. g. Plant glabrous. h. Leaves sessile or auriculate at base. Lactuca canadensis, p. 720 hh. Leaves sagittate, clasping. L. saggittifolia, p. 721 gg. Leaves hirsute, at least on the mid-rib below. L. hirsuta, p. 720 ee. Achenes cylindric or prismatic. /. Achenes spindle-shaped or with the summit tapering at maturity. Hieracium gronovii, p. 723 //. Achenes of uniform diameter. g. Peduncles stout, spreading. H. scabrutn, p. 722 gg. Peduncles slendor, ascending. H. tnarianum, p. 722 ADOPOGON Necker. Adopogon virginicum (L.). Cynthia. Tragopogon virginicum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 189. 1753 [Virginia and Canada], Cynthia virginica Knieskern 19. Krigia amplexicaulis Britton 152. Moist ground; frequent in the northern counties, becoming less frequent southward in the Middle district, and occasional in the Cape May peninsula. Very sparingly introduced in the Pine Barrens. PL — Mid-May to mid- June. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Brown's Mills, Pembertoti (NB), Lindenwold (S). Pine Barrens. — Egg Harbor City. Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB). Adopogon carolinlanum (Walt). Dwarf Dandelion. Hyoseris Caroliniana Walter, Fl. Car. 194. 1788 [Carolina]. Hyoseris ? ramosissima Barton, Fl. Phila. Prodr. 75. 1815 [Sandy fields, N.J.]. Krigia dichotoma Nuttall, Gen. IL 127. 1818 [n. n. for last]. Krigia Virginica b. dichotoma Barton, Fl. Phila. IL 93. Krigia virginica Knieskern 19. — Britton 152. * Sow Thistle, a frequent weed. 720 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Dry sandy soil; frequent throughout our region and north- ward on the coastal plain, extending occasionally beyond the fall line. Fl. — Early May to late June. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Medford (S), Clementon, Gloucester, Westville, Mantua, Swedesboro. Pine Barreius. — Toms River, E. Plains, Quaker Bridge, Landisville, Pleas- ant Mills. Coast Strip. — Surf City (L), Beach Haven (L), Avalon, Piermont (S). Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB). LACTUCA L. Lactuca canadensis L. Tall Lettuce. Lactuca canadensis Linnseus, Sp. PI. 796. 1753 [Canada]. — Britton 154. ? Lactuca elongata Knieskern 19. Frequent in clearings, wood edges, etc., throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it is rare and apparently in- troduced. Fl. — Late June into August. Middle District.— Freehold (NB), Husted (S), Swedesboro, Fairton (S). Pine Barrens. — Landisville. Coast Strip.—Spnng Lake (T), Seaside Park (S), Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Harvey Cedars (L), Anglesea, Holly Beach, Palermo (S). Cape iVf ay.— Court House, Whitesboro (S), Cold Spring (S), Bennett. Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. Hairy Lettuce. Lactuca hirsuta "Muhlenberg," Nuttall Gen. H. 124. 1818 [Pennsylvania]. Britton 154. — Keller and Brown 310. Occasional in the Coast and Middle districts, rare north of our limits. Fl. — Mid-June into August. Middle District.— Vincentown (NB), Camden Co. (C), Medford, Swedes- boro.* Coast Strip.— Ashmy Park (KB), Spring Lake (C), Atlantic City (P), Holly Beach, Anglesea, Stone Harbor. Pine Barrens. — Winslow Jnc, White Horse (S) (probably introduced). Cape May. — Bennett. I * L. villosa Swedesboro (KB) is this. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 721 Lactuca sagittifolia Ell. Arrow-leaved Lettuce. Lactuca sagittifolia Elliot, Bot. S. C. and Ga. II. 253. 1821-4 [Columbia, S. C.]. — Keller and Brown 310. Occasional in the Coast and Middle districts, rare north of our limits. Fl. — Late June to early September. Middle District.— SvitAtshoro (KB). Coast Strip.— ^^Liidy Hook (NB), Asbury Park (KB), Seaside Park, Pier- mont (S), Wildwood. Lactuca villosa Jacq. Hairy-veined Blue Lettuce. Lactuca villosa Jacquin, Hort. Schoen. III. 62, pi. 367. 1798 [Loc. unknown]. — Britton 154. — Keller and Brown 310. At several stations in the northern counties, but rare within our limits and confined to the Middle district. PL — Early August to early September. Middle District.— Mediovd (S).* Lactuca floridana (L.). Florida Blue Lettuce. Sonchus Horidanus Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 794. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Brit- ton 154. — Keller and Brown 310. Frequent along the Delaware as far south as Bordentown, and at the base of the Palisades. Fl. — Early August to early September. Middle District. — Bordentown (C), Swedesboro. Lactuca spicata (Lam.). Tall Blue Lettuce. Sonchus spicatus Lamarck, Encycl. III. 401. 1789 [S. Carolina]. — Keller and Brown 311. Lactuca leucophaea Brittom 154. Frequent in the northern counties and occasional in the Middle and Cape May districts in rich soil. Fl. — Early August into September. Middle District.— Fish House (S), Springdale (S), Swedesboro, Salem (S). Cape May.—W. Cape May. * The Swedesboro record (KB) was an error of compilation. The speci- men was from a Pennsylvania locality. 46 MUS y22 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. HIERACIUM L. Hieracium venosum L. Rattlesnake Weed, Vein-leaved Hawkweed. Hieraciiim venosum Linnaeus Sp. PI. 800. 1753 [Virginia]. — Knieskern 19. — Britton 153. Dry woodland, common throughout the State. Fl. — Late May to early Jul}^ sporadically into September. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Eg>'pt, Beverly, Medford (S), Wash- ington Park, Glassboro, Sewell (S). Pine Barrens.^-Toms River, Bamber, Manahawkin, Tuckerton, East Plains (S), Winslow Jnc, Cedar Brook, Tabernacle, Landisville, Folsom, Mays Landing (S). Cape May.— Court House (S), Dennisville (S), Cold Spring (OHB). Hieracium marianum Willd. Maryland Hawkweed. Hieracium Marianum Willdenow, Sp. PI. IIL 1572. 1804 [North America]. — Keller and Brown 312. These specimens are very unsatisfactorily identified. While the extreme examples fit the description of H. marianum, others seem to be merely H. venasum with one or two stem leaves. The veining does not seem to be an important character, as many specimens of venosum from the Pine Barrens have uniform green leaves and they also show great variation as to the amount of pubescence. From the material in hand I cannot see any clear cut line of separation between the two, and possibly we do not have true H. marianum at all. Middle District. — Grenloch. Coast Strip. — Sea Bright, Atlantic City, Piermont, Five-Mile Beach. Hieracium scabrum Michx. Rough Hawkweed. Hieracium scabrum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. IL 86. 1803 [N. Canada and Mts. of Carolina]. — Britton 152. Dry open woods; frequent in the Northern and Middle dis- tricts and occasional on the Coast Strip. The typical plant has large heads and a wide branching in- florescence, as opposed to the small heads and more strict inflo- rescence of H. gronovii. We have also specimjens with inflorescence of gronovii, but with broadl)^ oval leaves all the way up the stem like scabrum, PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 723 and one from New Egypt which resembles gronovii in all respects except that the achenes are uniform in diameter and not nar- rowed above as in that species. Fl. — Early August into September. Middle District— New Egypt, Hartford, Medford (S), Haddonfield, Oak- lyn (S), Blackwood, Swedesboro, Millville, Beaver Dam. Hieracium gronovii L. Hairy Hawkweed. Hieraciiim Gronovii Linnaeus, Sp. PL 802. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsylvania]. — Willis 35.— Britton 153. Dry open woods ; frequent throughout our limits and occasional in the northern counties. Fl. — Early July into September. Middle District. — Hartford, Florence, Medford (S), Lindenwold, Swedes- boro. Pine Barrens.— Toms River (NB), West Creek, Sumner (S), Landis- ville, Weymouth (T), Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (S), Tuckahoe (S). Coast Strip.— 'Forked River, Seaside Park, N. Beach Haven (L), Surf City (L), Absecon, Atlantic City, Somer's Pt., Ocean City (S), Wildwood. Cape Moj.— Dennisville (S), Court House (S), Cold Spring (OHB). NABALUS Cassini. Nabaius altissimus (L.). Tall Rattlesnake-Root. Prenanthes altissima Linnaeus, Sp. PL 797. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Britton 155. Rich woods of the northern counties and reported from one station in the IVIiddle district within our limits. Fl. — ^Late August to early October. Middle District. — Vincentown (C). Nabaius trifolioiatus Cass. Rattlesnake-Root. Nabaliis trifolioiatus Cassini, Diet. Sci. Nat. 34, 95. 1825 [Cultivated plant]. Prenanthes Serpentaria Britton 155 (in part). Dry woodland; common throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Late August to early October. Middle District.— Key port (NB), New Egypt, Fish House (S), Medford (S), Orchard (S), Lindenwold, Blackwood, Westville, Beaver Dam. Coast Strip. — Forked River, Manahawkin, Absecon, Atlantic City (S), Wildwood. 724 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. (70/)^ jV/a:^'.— Seaville (S), Bennett (S), Court House (S), Cape May.* Nabalus serpentarius (Pursh.)- Pursh's Rattlesnake -Root. Prenanthes Serpcntaria Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 499. 1814 [Mts. of Virginia and Carolina]. — Britton 155 (in part). Frequent in the Pine Barrens and occasional on the coast. Fl. — Late August to early October. Pine Barrens. — Whitings (S), Pasadena, Atsion (S), Malaga (S), Land- isville, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City. Coast Strip. — Piermont (S). Nabalus virgatus (Michx.). Pine Barren Rattlesnake-Root. Prenanthes virgata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. H. 83. 1803 [Virginia and Carolina].— Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. H. 498. 1814. Prenantlius autmritnalis Britton 155. Nabalus virgatus Keller and Brown 312. Open sandy ground in the Pline Barrens. This slender-spiked Rattlesniake-root is a plant of the central Pine Barrens, associated with Solidago strkta and Lacinaria gramhnfolia pilosa plants with a similar form of inflorescence. Fl. — E-arly September to early October. Pine Barrens. — Manchester (C), Brindletown, Bamber, Cox's, Brown's Mills (KB), Jones' Mill (S), Cedar Grove (S), Chatsworth, Woodmansie (KB), Atsion (Leeds), Jackson (P), Cedar Brook, Winslow Jnc, Hammon- ton (S), Quaker Bridge (C), Pleasant Mills, Batsto, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (C), Woodbine (KB), Elwood (P). Nabalus albus (L.). White Rattlesnake-Root. Prenanthes alba Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 798. 1753 [Carolina, Virginia and Pennsyl- vania].— Britton 155. Commion in the northern counties ; rare within our limits and confined to the Middle district. Fl. — Late August to early October. Middle District. — Burlington, Mannington (C). Famdly AMBROSIACE^. Key to the Species. a. Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same heads. Iva, p. 725 aa. Staminate and pistillate flowers in separate heads. b. Pistillate involucre a conspicuous ovoid, spiny bur, leaves rough, irregularly dentate or somewhat lobed. Lippincott's Cape May record for N. virgatus (KB) proves to be this. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 725 [. Body of mature bur more than twice as long as thick. d. Beaks of bur straight or nearly so, prickles relatively few. Xanthium canadense, p. 726 dd. Beaks of bur incurved or hooked, prickles very numerous. X. commune, p. 726 cc. Body of mature bur thick-ovoid, not more than twice as long as thick. X. echinatum, p. 726 bb. Pistillate involucre not conspicuous or prominently spiny. c. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed, or undivided, plant 10-50 dm. high. Ambrosia trifida, p. 725 cc. Leaves finely pinnatifid, plant 3-18 dm. high. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, p. 725 IVA L. Iva oraria Bartlett. Marsh Elder. Iva oraria Bartlett, Rhodora 1906, 26. [Charles River, Boston]. Iva frutescens Britton 142. — Keller and Brown 313. Common on the salt marshes of the coast, usually bordering the ditches. This plant, resembling a big coarse Ragweed, borders the edges of the tidal creeks and thoroughfares which intersect the salt marshes in all directions. It is constantly associated with Baccharis and Spartina strict a. Fl. — Early August to late September. Maritime. — Sandy Hook (NB), Long Branch, Forked River, Seaside Park, Barnegat Pier, Surf City (L), Cedar Bonnet (L), Atlantic City, Absecon, Ocean City (S), Piermont, Wildwood, Cape May, Dennisville (S). AMBROSIA L. Ambrosia trifida L. Great Ragweed. Ambrosia trifida Linnseus, Sp. PI. 987. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Knies- kern 18. — Britton 143. Ambrosia trifida in^grifolia Britton 143. Low moist, shady ground; frequent in the Northern and less so in the Middle district, along streams. Fl. — Late July to early September. Middle District.— New Egypt, Kaighns Pt., Springdale (S), Woodstown (C), Salem (S). Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Ragweed. Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linnseus, Sp. PL 987. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsyl- vania].— Knieskern 18. — Britton 143. 726 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Common throughout the State as a weed in cultivated ground. It is obviously not native in the Pine Barrens, but its original distribution in the other districts cannot be ascertained. Fl. — Early August to mid-September. XANTHIUM L, Xanthium canadense Mill. Cocklebur. Xanthium Canadense Miller, Gard. Diet. Ed. VIII. 1768 [Penna. and Mary- land]. Occasional in open moist ground of the Middle district. Fr. — Mid-September into October. Middle District.— Mt Holly. Xanthium commune Brltton. Clotbur. Xanthium comviune Britton, Man. 912. 1901 [Westport, N. Y.]. Frequent in open moist ground of the Middle district. Fr. — Mid-September into October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Camden. Xanthium echinatum Murr. Beach Clotbur. Xanthitim echinatum Murray, Comm. Goett. VI. 32, pi. 4. 1785 [New York]. Keller and Brown 314. Xanthium strumarium var. echinatum Knieskern. — Willis 2'i- Xanthium. canadense var. echinatum Britton 143. Sand dunes of the sea coast and lower Delaware Bay, common. Fr. — Mid-September into October. Maritime. — Forked River, Spray Beach (L), Cedar Bonnet (L), Ocean City, Stone Harbor, Five-Mile Beach, Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). Family COMPOSITE. Key to the Species. a. Flowers all tubular, no flat ray flowers present. b. Flowers white, greenish or yellow. c. Shrub with copious white silky pappus in fruit. Baccharis, p. 764 cc. Flerbs. d. Flowers white. c. Wooly, flowers in small, dense heads, with abundant white pappus. /. Dioecious. g. Stem 3-9 dm. high, stem leafy. Anaphalis, p. 767 PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 727 gg. Stem 2-4.5 dm. high, leaves mainly basal. h. Basal leaves small and narrow, 7-20 mm. long, one nerved. i. Spatulate, stolons assurgent, rather leafy throughout, but terminal leaves longest. Antennaria neodioica, p. 766 a. Oblanceolate, stolons procumbent, bractiate, but with leaves only at the tip. A. neglecta, p. 766 hh. Basal leaves large and broad, 20-120 mm. long, three or five nerved. i. Basal leaves and those at the ends of the stolons bright green and glabrous above. A. parlinii, p. 767 a. Basal leaves and those at the ends of the stolons dull above, with tomentous or arach- noid pubescence. /. Heads averaging 7 mm. high. A. plantaginifolia, p. 766 jj. Heads averaging 9 mm. high. A. fallax, p. 766 ff. Not dioecious, stem upright leafy. S- 30-90 cm. high. Gnaphaliiim obtusifolium, p. 767 gg. 5-20 cm. high. G. uliginosum, p. 768 ee. Plants not wooly. /. Flower heads 12-20 mm. high. g. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the base. Erechtites, p. 776 gg. Leaves reniform, or somewhat triangular, often trun- cate at the base. It. Leaves glaucous. Mesadenia atriplicifolia, p. 776 hh. Leaves not glaucous. M. reniformis, p. 776 //. Flower heads 4-8 mm. high. g. Achenes ribbed. Kiihnia, p. 739 gg. Achenes five-angled. Enpatorium, p. 732 dd. Flowers greenish or yellow. e. Foliage bristly, heads large. Carduus spina sissimus, p. 779 ee. Foliage not bristly. f. Heads green, 2-3 mm. broad in wand-like racemes, leaves finely dissected. Artemisia, p. 775 ff. Heads yellow or greenish, 6-10 mm. broad. g. Leaves pinnatifid, achenes without barbed awns. [Tanacetum vulgar eY gg. Leaves lanceolate or 3-5 parted, achenes with 2-5 barbed awns. Bidens, p. 772 hh. Flowers blue, pink or purple. c. A climbing vine with clusters of purplish, inflorescence and trian- gular leaves, nearly glabrous. Willugbaya, p. 739 cc. Erect herbs. * Tansy, escaped from gardens. 728 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. d. Involucral bracts with hooked bristles, a large course branch- ing plant with purplish flower heads. [Arctium minusy dd. No hooked bristles to the involucral bracts. e. Foliage very bristly. Carduus, p. 778 ee. Foliage not bristly. /. Leaves verticillate, flowers pink. g. Leaves hnear, plant 3-6 dm. high, flower head single, 10 mm. wide. Sclerolepis, p. 731 gg. Leaves ovate lanceolate, plant .5-3 m. high, flower heads very numerous in a terminal cymous panicle. Bupatorium, p. 732 ff. Leaves not verticillate. g. Flower heads red-purple in a terminal cymcse, panicle. Plant 9-27 dm. high, not aromatic. Vernonia, p. 730 gg. Flower heads pink, broad in a terminal corymbose cyme. Plant 4-9 dm. high, aromatic. /(. Leaves sessile cordate or clasping at base. Pluchea foetida, p. 765 hh. Leaves petioled. P. camphorata, p. 765 ggg. Flower heads red-purple in a long, usually dense, terminal spike or spike-like raceme, leaves linear or linear lanceolate. Plant 3-20 dm. high. h. Bracts of the cylindrical involucre oblong or oval obtuse, achenes pubescent or smoothish. Lacinaria spicata, p. 740 hh. Bracts of the obovoid involucre oblong, obtuse or pointed, achenes hairy. L. graminifolia pilosa, p. 740 SgSS- Flower heads blue. Eupatorium, p. 732 ggggg. Flower heads purplish, leaves whitish wooly. Gnaphalium purpureum, p. 768 aa. Ray flowers present around the central disc. b. Rays yellow. c. Notched at the end. Heleniuni, p. 774 cc. Rays not notched. d. No pappus. e. Achenes with barbed awns. Bidens, p. 772 ee. Achenes without awns. /. Plant rough. g. Leaves 2)-7 pointed or lobed. Rubeckia laciniata, p. 769 gg. Leaves not lobed. /;. Disc greenish or yellowish. Hclianthus, p. 769 hh. Disc brown. i. Flower less than 100 mm. broad, y. Leaves linear sessile. Helianthus angustifoluis, p. 769 ;'/. Leaves lanceolate. [Rubeckia hirta]' ^ Burdock, a weed in waste ground. " Black-eyed Susan, a common weed in fields. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 729 //. Plant glabrous. Heliopsis, p. 768 dd. Pappus present, heads entirely yellow. e. Involucral bracts in one row, heads 15-20 mm. broad, in a terminal corymb, basal leaves numerous. /. Leaves and stem wooly. Senecio tomentosus, p. y77 ff. Leaves glabrous or nearly so. g. Basal leaves cordate ; orbicular or ovate. S. aureus, p. yyj gg. Basal leaves not cordate. h. Leaves ovate, flowers large. S. crawfordi, p. 777 2e. Involueral bracts in several rows. /. Plant low, woolly or with silky hairs. g. Leaves elongate linear, plant woolly. Chrysopsis falcata, p. 741 gg. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, pubescent, with silky hairs, becoming glabrate. C. mariana, p. 741 //. Plants usually tall, pubescent or glabrous, but not woolly or silky hairy. g. Rays more numerous than the disc flowers, leaves linear or linear lanceolate. h. Leaves 3-5 nerved. i. Branches of the inflorescence and leaves ex- cept the veins beneath glabrous. Buthamia graminifolia, p. 751 ii. Branches of inflorescence and leaves pubes- cent. E. g. nuttallii, p. 752 hh. Leaves i nerved. £. tenuifolia, p. 752 gg. Rays not more numerous than the disc flowers. Solidago, p. 742 hh. Rays white. c. With pappus. d. Pappus very short and scaly. [Galinsoga parviHoraY dd. Pappus well developed and feathery. e. Bracts in 2-many rows. f. Involucre oblong or narrowly campanulate, rays white. g. Inflorescence a terminal spike like thyrsus. Solidago bicolor, p. 744 gg. Inflorescence a cymose panicle. h. Leaves linear or spatulate entire. Sericocarpus linifolius, p. 753 hit. Leaves oblong or obovate dentate. S. asteroides, p. 753 ff. Involucre turbinate, bracts thin, rays purple, pink or white. Aster, p. 754 ee. Bracts in i or 2 series, very narrow. f. Flower heads 12-25 rfirn- broad. g. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, heads numerous. ' Galinsoga, a weed in waste ground, etc. 730 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. h. Leaves lanceolate acuminate. Doellingeria umbellata, p. 763 hh. Leaves ovate acute. D. u. humilis, p. 763 gg. Leaves at least the lower obovate, heads few. D. infirnia, p. 764 //. Flower heads 4 mm. broad. Leptilon canadense, p. 763 cc. No. pappus. d. Receptacle chaffy. e. Leaves opposite, lanceolate or oblong. [Eclipta albaY ee. Leaves alternate, finely pinnately divided. /. Heads less than 10 mm. broad. [Achillaea millifolium]' ff. Heads more than 10 mm. broad. [Anthcmis cotulaY dd. Receptacle naked. e. Head 40-60 mm. broad, leaves spatulate or oblong, dentate. [Chrysatithemutn Icucanthenium]* ee. Head smaller, leaves lanceolate entire. Boltonia, p. 753 hbb. Rays pink or blue. c. Pappus present. d. Leaves narrowly linear, very stiff. lonactis, p. 764 dd. Leaves not stiff. e. Bracts of the involucre in i or 2 series. f. Heads over 25 mm. broad. Brigeron pulchellus, p. 762 //. Heads less than 25 mm. broad. g. Stem leaves nearly all serrate. E. annuus, p. 762 gg. Stem leaves narrower, nearly all entire. B. ramosus, p. 762 ee. Bracts in 2 — many series. Aster, p. 754 cc. No pappus, plants glabrous. d. Receptacle chaffy, leaves linear, entire. Coreopsis, p. 771 dd. Receptacle naked, leaves lanceolate, entire. Boltonia, p. 753 VERNONIA Schreber. Vernonia noveboracensis L. Iron-weed. Serratula noveboracensis Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 818. 1753 [New York, etc.]. Vernonia noveboracensis Knieskern 17. — Willis 29. — Britton 128. In open swamps and meadows, common, except in the Pine Barrens, where it is found only on the intruding strips of coast flora which follow up the tidewater streams. The purple blossoms of the Iron-weed always recall the meadow pastures of Pennsylvania, where clumps of this plant, as ^ Eclipta. Apparently entirely a weed in New Jersey. ' Yarrow. *May Weed. * Ox-eye Daisy. Common weeds of fields, etc. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 731 well as the White and Purple Verbena, Thistle and Asclcpias incarnata (or pulchra), stand out here and there on the close cropped grass, untouched by the cattle which have long since devoured the more succulent and delicate plants. In the wetter spots, where tussocks of Carex stricta replace the sod, they are associated with Boneset, Joe Pye Weed, Sunflowers, Asters, Goldenrods, Cardinals and Snakehead, and contribute their share to the riot of color which floods such spots in early autumn. Precisely similar associations are found in pasture lands of portions of the Middle district of South Jersey and in the coastal svv^amps, but are entirely absent from the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Late July to mid-September. Middle District.—^ ev/ Egypt, Fish House (S), Camden (P), Oaklyn (S). Lawnside (S), Lindenwold (S), Washington Park, Swedesboro, Penns- grove, Salem (S), Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. Coast Strip. — Forked River, Manahawkin, Opp. Crowleytown (S), Pleas- ant Mills, Absecon (S), Beesley's Pt. (S), Palermo (S), Mays Landing (S), Cape May Court House, Seaville (S), Cape May (S), Dias Creek, Green Creek (S), South Dennis (S). SCLEROLEPIS Cassini. Sclerolepis uniflora (Walt.). Sclerolepis. Bthnlia uniflora Walter, Fl. Car. 195. 1788 [Carolina]. Sclerolepis vcrticillata Willis 29. Sclerolepis uniflora Britton 128. — Keller and Brown 317. Sparganophorus verticillatus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 518. 1814. In wet bogs, usually in the water ; locally in the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula. This is one of the most interesting composites of the Pines, but so little known that it has apparently never been honored with a popular name. It is a plant of remote wet bogs, the round pink heads reminding one at a distance of English Daisies, while the remainder of the plant would seem to belong to some submerged aquatic. I well remember my first acquaintance with Sclerolepis. It was one of those sultry August days, and we were following the railroad from Woodbine to Belleplain, gaining access in this way to the interior of swamps that would otherwise have been unattainable. The cleared strip on either side of the road-bed was about the limit of our wanderings as the thickets covering 732 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE :vIUSEUM. the swamps were with difficulty penetrated. There was an abundance, however, to occupy our attention, for all the choice species seemed to have established themselves in the open. We waded through thick, knee-high vegetation, now splashing through water, nov/ sinking deep into oozing muck. There were beds of white-fringed Orchids and the smaller orange species (cristata), Orange and Pink Polygalas, Rhexias from pale pink to deepest magenta, and hosts of sedges, grasses and rushes of perhaps more interest than their more brilliant associates. And in the shallow pools among the shorter sedges grew the Sderolepis, rank upon rank of pink button-like heads, standing clear of the water and supported upon stems whorled with slender leaves, recalling the sterile stem of some Equisetum. Fl. — Mid-July to early September. Pine Barrens. — Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Woodbine. Cape May. — Bennett, Cold Spring, Green Creek. EUPATORIUM L. Key to the Species. a. Flowers blue. B. coelestinum, p. 738 aa. Flowers pink. b. Leaves nearly smooth, inflorescence pyramidal. E. purpureum, p. 738 bb. Leaves very rugose, inflorescence depressed, flowers usually deeper pink. E. maculatum, p. 732 aaa. Flowers white, leaves usually opposite. b. Bracts of the involucre in i or 2 series, all of equal length or nearly so. c. Leaves 50-120 mm. long, sharply dentate. E. ageratoides, p. 738 cc. Leaves 20-50 mm. long, blunt toothed. E. aromaticum, p. 738 bb. Bracts imbricated in two or more series, the outer ones shorter. c. Leaves clasping or connate-perfoliate at the base. d. Leaves perfoliate, bracts acute. E. perfoliatuni, p. 72>7 dd. Leaves clasping, bracts obtuse. E. resinosum, p. 727 cc. Leaves not clasping nor perfoliate. d. Leaves narrowed at the base. e. Bracts of the involucre acute. /. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sparingly toothed, 4-12 mm. wide. E. leucolepis, p. 734 ff. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, prominently toothed, 10- 40 mm. wide, bracts white, cuspidate. g. Leaves not markedly 3-nerved, teeth coarse. E. album, P- 734 gg. Leaves 3-nerved, teeth smaller and more regular. E. album subvenosutn, p. 735 PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 733 ee. Bracts of the involucre obtuse. Leaves linear, crowded usually entire, obtuse. E. hyssopifolium, p. 735 dd. Leaves rounded, obtuse or truncate at the base. e. Plant glabrous, leaves lanceolate, long acuminate. B. sessilifoliiim, p. 736 ee. Plants pubescent, leaves ovate or oblong, acute or obtuse. /. Leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate, mostly rounded at the base, usually obtuse, roughish pubescent. B. verbencefolium, p. 735 //. Leaves roundish ovate, obtuse, truncate at base, downy pubescent, crenate dentate. B. rotundifoliunh p. 736 ///. Leaves ovate, acute, strongly serrate, pubescent. B. pubescens, p. 736 Eupatorium purpureum L. Joe-pye Weed. Bupatorium purpureum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 838. 1753 [North America]. — Knieskern 17. — Britton 128. Frequent in low open ground and thickets in the northern counties and less common southward in the Middle and Coast districts. This is the cormmon Jo€-pye weed of the uplands of south- eastern Pennsylvania. The typical plant is tall, 16-10 feet, with narrower, often falcate, leaves ; crenate, g-labrous above and but little veined below, stem glaucous, inflorescence high and rounded on top, flowers pale pink. The following species, by far the commoner in our region, is low, averaging 3-4 feet ; leaves coarsely dentate, shorter and much broader, scabrous above, very strongly veined beneath, inflorescence flat-topped, flowers deep crimson. Specimens growing in shade have the leaves smooth, or nearly so, and are thus intermediate. Possibly the two should be regarded as only subspecifically different, but the extremes are easily sepa- rable and the non-typical character of most herbariumi material miakes it difficult to draw conslusions from it. Pi. — Mid-August through September. Middle District.— H.2.riiorA, Mouth of Coopers Creek, W. Deptford, Black- wood, Medford (S), Beaver Dam. Coast Strip. — Palermo. Eupatorium maculatum L. Spotted Joe-pye Weed. Bupatorium maculatum Linnasus, Amoen. Acad. IV. 288. 1755 [North America]. Bupatorium purpureum van maculatum Britton 128. 734 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Common in open low ground throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Mid-August through September. Middle District. — Burlington, Delanco (S), Medford (S), Lindenwold (S), Oaklyn (S), Springdale (S), Lawnside (S), Pennsgrove. Pine Barrens. — Landisville. Coast Strip. — Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Absecon (S), Atlantic City (T). Eupatorium leucolepis T. & G. White-bracted Boneset. Bupatorium leucolepis Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. A. II. 84. 1841 [Pine Barrens, N. J. — La.]. — Willis 30. — Britton 129. — Keller and Brown 318. Frequent in open bogs and swamps of the Pine Barrens and Cape May district and rare on the coast. Fl. — Early August into September. Pine Barrens.— 'Forked River (KB), Manchester (C), Tuckerton (KB) Quaker Bridge, Speedwell (S), Cedar Grove (S), Atco (KB), Cedar Lake, Main Road Sta., Winslow (S), Batsto (S), Pleasant Mills, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Woodbine, Belleplain (S). Coast Strip. — Sherburn's (L). Cape May.— Sluice Creek (S), Bennett, Cold Spring (S). Eupatorium album L. White Boneset. PI. CXXIIL, Fig. I. Eupatorium album Linnoeus, Mant. III. 1767 ["Pennsylvania — Barthram" obviously = New Jersey]. — Knieskern 17. — Britton 129. — Keller and Brown 319. Eupatorium glandulosum Barton Fl. Phila. II. 98. 1818. Eupatorium lanccolatum Barton Fl. Phila., II. 99. 1818. Common in dry sandy open ground in the Pine Barren, Coast and Cape May districts and occasional in "Pine Barren islands" in the Middle district, occurring north of our lim;its at South Amboy and South River, Middlesex County. Fl. — Early August into September. Middle District.— Ai\zn\.ic Highlands (C), Keyport (C), New Egypt, Lin- denwold, Medford (S), Griffith's Swamp, Bridgeton. Pine 5arreizj.— Farmingdale (NB), N. Spring Lake (NB), Bamber, Island H'ts Jnc, Speedwell, Quaker Bridge (S), Atsion, Atco, Berlin, Clementon, Albion, Winslow (S), Landisville, Egg Harbor City, Weymouth, Mays Land- ing (NB), Tuckahoe (S), Woodbine. Coast Strip.— 'Forked River (NB), Brant Beach (L), Ship Bottom (L), Holgate's (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S). Cape May. — Dennisville, Court House (S). PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 735 Eupatorium album subvenosum Gray. Few-veined Boneset. Bupatorium album var. suhvenosum Gray, Syn. FI. I. pt. 2, 98. 1884 [Long Island and New Jersey]. — Britton 129. — Keller and Brown 319. Pine Barrens ; not common. Fl. — Similar to the last. Pine Barrerus.—Atsion (KB), Pleasant Mills (NB), Egg Harbor City. Eupatorium liyssopifolium L. Hyssop-leaved Boneset. Eupatorium hyssopifolium Linnaeus, Sp. PI. S36. 1753 [Virginia]. — Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. IL 512, 1814. Barton Fl. Phila. IL 98. 1818.— Britton 128.— Keller and Brown 319. Frequent throughout our region, though more or less local in the Middle district. Not reported in the State from north of our limits. Fl. — Early August into September. Middle District— Keypovt (C), Clarksburg (C), New Egypt, Florence, Camden, Lindenwold, Washington Park, Ashland. Pine Barrens. — Long Branch, Seabright (NB), Forked River, West Creek (S), New Lisbon, Parkdale (S), Atco, Pen Bryn (S), Albion, Clementon, Landisville, Richland, Absecon, Petersburg (S), Tuckahoe (S), Dennisville (S). Coast Strip.— N. Beach Haven (L), Holgate's (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Piermont (S). Cape May. — Cold Spring. Eupatorium verbenaefolium Michx. Rough Boneset. Eupatorium verb enccfo Hum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. H. 98. 1803 [Carolina]. — Keller and Brown 319. Bupatorium teucrifolium Barton, Fl. Phila. IL 99. 1818. — Willis 30. — Brit- ton 129. Frequent in low grounds throughout our region and at a few stations in the northern counties. Fl. — Early August into September. Middle District.— Keyport (NB), Hartford, Medford, Orchard (S), West- mont (S), Lawnside (S), Lindenwold, Westville, Mickleton, Tomlin, Swedes- boro. Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Pt. Pleasant (NB), Forked River, West Creek, Wood- mansie, Speedwell (S), Quaker Bridge, Clementon (S), Bear Swamp (S), Cedar Brook, Landisville, Winslow (S), Hammonton (S), Batsto, Egg Har- bor City, Mays Landing (S), Petersburg (S), Tuckahoe (S), Dennisville (S). Coast Strip.—Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City, Five-Mile Beach- Cap^ May. — Bennett (S). 736 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Eupatorium sessilifolium L. Upland BoneseL Eupatorium sessilifolium Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 837. 1753 [Virginia]. — Barton, FI. Phila. II. 9. 1818. This Species is recorded by Barton from "rocky thickets half a mile east of Woodbury; rare." There seems tO' be no question about the identity, as his description is clear. The species is frequent in rocky woods of the northern counties. Eupatorium rotundifolium L. Round-leaved Boneset. Eupatorium rotundifolium Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 837. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 99. 1818.— Knieskern 17.— Willis 30.— Britton 129. — Keller and Brown 319. I>ry open sandy ground ; rather comtmon throughout our region and reported from Franklin, Essex County. Fl. — Early August into September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Burlington, Kaighns Pt., Medford (S), Lawnside (S), Lindenwold, Tomlin, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Long Branch, Forked River, Cain's Mill, Clementon, Lan- disville, Batsto, Egg Harbor City. Coast Strip. — Seaside Park, Holgate's (L), Sherburn's (L). Cape May. — Cold Spring. Eupatorium pubescens Muhl. Hairy Boneset. Eupatorium pubescens Muhlenberg and Willdenow, Sp. PI. III. I755- 1804 [North America].— Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 514. 1814.— Willis 30.— Keller and Brown 319. Eupatorium rotundifolium var. pubescens Britton 129. Eupatorium melissioidis Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 99. 1818. Dry sandy ground; common throughout our region, not re- ported from the State north of our limits. Fl. — Early August into September. Middle District.— Keypovt (NB), Burlington, Hainesport, Moorestown (KB), Medford, Lindenwold, Westville, W. Deptford, Tomlin, Mickleton, Swedesboro (CDL), Jericho (T), Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens.—Sea Girt (C), Toms River (KB), Atsion (Leeds), Clemen- ton (KB), Pen Bryn (S), Landisville (T), New Germany (KB), Hammonton (KB), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S), Mays Landing (NB), Dennisville (S). Coast Strip.—Sea Girt (T), Sea Bright (NB), Surf City (L), St. Albans (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Sea Isle City (S), Holly Beach. Anglesea. Cape May. — Bennett (S). PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 737 Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Common Boneset. PI. cxxrv. Eupatorium perfoliatum Linnasus, Sp. PI. 838. 1753 [Virginia]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. II. loi. 1818. — Knieskern 17. — Britton 130. Low, open grounds, meadows etc. ; common except in the Pine Barrens, where it is not found, except as an introduction. This is a close associate of the Iron-weed and other plants mentioned under that species. Fl. — Mid-August through September. Middle District.— New Egypt, Delair, Lawnside (S), Springdale (S), Oak- lyn (S), Washington Park. Pine Barrens. — Landisville (T) (introduced). Coast Strip.—Sandy Hook (NB), Forked River, Surf City (L), Mana- hawkin. Ocean City (S), Sea Isle City (S), Wildwood (UP.) Cape May. — Cold Spring. Eupatorium resinosum Torr. Resinous Boneset. Eupatorium resinosum Torrey in D. C. Prodr. V. 176. 1836 [New Jersey]. — Knieskern 17. — Willis 30. — Britton 130. — Keller and Brown 320. Wet bogs of the Pine Barrens. This is a species which does not associate with the other white Bonesets, unless it be with B. leiicolepis. It is strictly a Pine Barren species frequenting the great natural bogs in the heart of the region where grow Xyris congdoni, X. Umhriata, Briocaulon decangulare, Gyrostachys prcecox, Helianthus angustifolius, Lo- belia canhyi, etc., and is not known to occur outside of New Jersey. At Manahawkin, where the Pine Barren swamps come well out to the coast and the range of this species meets that of B. per- foliatum, Mr. Ba)'-ard Long has disco\^ered an interesting- hybrid between the two. Fl. — Mid-August into September. Pine Barrens. — Ocean Beach (C), Manchester (NB), Lakehurst, Forked River, Horner stown, Toms River, Manahawkin, Whitings (C), Cedar Grove (S), Brown's Mills (KB), Quaker Bridge, Parkdale, Speedwell (S), Atsion, Atco, Malaga (C), Blue Anchor, Ancora (CDL), Bear Swamp (S), Ham- monton, Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Hospitality Branch, Twelfth St., New Ger- many (KB), Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing, Absecon. 47 MUS 738 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Eupatorium ageratoides L. f. White Sanicle. Eupatortum ageratoides Linnseus, Fil. Suppl. 355. 1781 [Canada and Vir- ginia].— Britton 130. Frequent in rocky woods of the northern counties, rare south- ward in the Middle district, within our Hmits. Fl. — Late August into October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Vincentown (C), Cooper's Creek (CP), Lit- tle Timber Creek (P), Mickleton (C), Swedesboro (CDL). Eupatorium aromaticum Linn. Smaller White Sanicle. Eupatorium aromaticum Linnaeus Sp. PI. 839. 1753 [Virginia]. — Knieskern 17. — Willis 30. — Britton 130. — Keller and Brown 320. ? Eupatorium verbenaefolium Barton, IL loi. 1818. Sandy woodland of the Middle and Cape May districts, local. Not reported from north of our limits. Fl. — Early August into September. Middle District.— Freehold (C), Squan (C), Burlington, Pemberton (C), Ashland (NB), Medford (S), Swedesboro (CDL). Pine Barrens. — Landisville. Cape May. — Cape Maj' (S). Eupatorium coelestinum L. Mist Flower. Eupatorium coelestinum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 838. 1753 [Carolina and Virginia]. — Britton 130. — Keller and Brown 320. Conoclinum coelestinum Knieskern 17. Frequent in open, sandy ground in the Cape May district, and local in the lower Middle district. This is one of the plants which gives a distinctive character to the flora of Cape May. Nowhere have I seen it so abundant as on the great stretches of open svvamp land extending from the city westward to Cape May point, a region where fresh and salt marsh mingle and which is to a great extent ditched and drained to make possible the cutting of the "salt hay," which grows luxuriantly. The haymaking is often in progress in midwinter and forms a rather striking picture for Christmas time. In late summer these grassy stretches are covered with the pink Sabatia stellaris, the purple Gerardia purpurea, and the blue misty heads of the present species, making a fine display of color. This plant is often cultivated under the name of Agera- tum. PLANTS OP SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 739 Fl. — Early August into September, Middle District. — Swedesboro. Cape May. — Court House, Cold Spring, Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). WILLUGB/EYA Necker. Willugbasya scandens (L.). Climbing Boneset. PI. CXXIL, Fig. 2. Eupatorium scandens Linnseus, Sp. PI. 836. 1753 [Virginia]. Mikania scandens Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 102. 1818. — Knieskern 17. — Britton 130. Frequent in sandy swamps of the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts and at Swartswood Lake, Sussex County, and on the Ramapo River, Bergen Co. Absent from the Pine Barrens, ex- cept as a coast intrusion along the large streams. This is our only trailing composite and is found climbing over low shrubs, its stems twisting tightly around their twigs and branches. The foliage reminds one somewhat of the bind-weeds (Polygonum) . Fl. — Early August to late September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Delaire, Lindenwold, Springdale (S), Med- ford (S), Blackwood, E. Clementon (S), Kaighns Pt, Camden, Willow Grove. Pine Barrens? — Landisville. Coast Strip. — Spring Lake, Barnegat, Cox's, Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), Mays Landing (S), Ocean City (S), Palermo (S), Piermont. Wild- wood. Cape ikfay.— Green Creek, Cold Spring (S), Court House, Cape May (S). KUHNIA L. Kuhnia eupatorioides L. False Boneset. Kuhnia eupatorioides Linnaeus, Sp. PI. Ed. 2. 1662. 1763 [Pennsylvania]. — Willis 30. — Britton 130. — Keller and Brown 320. Limestone rocks on the upper Delaware and in sandy woods near New Brunswick, and at several stations in the Middle dis- trict within our limits. Fl. — Early August to mid-September. Middle District.— Binmngham (NB), Medford, Locust Grove (S). 740 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. LACINARIA Hill.* Lacinaria spicata (L.)- Button Snakeroot. Serratula spicata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 819. 1753 [North America]. Liatris spicata Knieskem 17. — Willis 29. — Britton 131. Lacinaria spicata Keller and Brown 321. Frequent; open moist ground in the northern counties and occasional in the Middle district within our limits. Rare on the Coast strip. The statement in Keller and Brown's List that this species is common in the Pine Barrens is an error, as we have no record from that district. The species of that region is the following. Fl. — Mid- August to late September. Middle District.— Sqnan (C), New Egypt, Griffith's Swamp (C), Gloucester Co., Mickleton (C). Coast Strip. — Bay Head, Pt. Pleasant (C), Manahawkin. Lacinaria graminifoiia pilosa (Ait.). Hairy Button Snakeroot. Serratula pilosa Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 138. 1789 [North America]. Liatris pilosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 508. 1814. Liatris graminifoiia dubia Knieskern 17. — Willis 29. — Britton 131. Lacinaria graminifoiia pilosa Keller and Brown 321. Common in sandy ground in the Pine Barrens, Coast Strip and Cape May peninsula, and locally in the Middle district in so-called "Pine Barren islands." The true graminifoiia does not occur in the State, and the contrary statements in Willis' and Britton's Catalogues prove to be erroneous. The wand-like spikes of purple blossoms of the Button Snake root are to be seen on every hand in the Pine Barrens in late summer and early autumn. The general resemblance to the spikes of Aster concolor is rather striking. Fl. — Early Augtist to late September. Middle District. — Clementon, Lindenwold. Pine Barrens. — Forked River, Manchester, Brown's Mills (T), Whitings (S), Jones' Mill (S), Speedwell (S), Taunton, Clementon, Atco, Atsion, * Lacinaria scariosa {Serratula scariosa Linn., Sp. PI. 818 — Virginia) is recorded in Britton's Catalogue from Keyport and near Newfoundland "evi- dently rare." There are no specimens in the State herbarium, and I know of no further evidence of the plant occurring in New Jersey. The record for Hammonton in Keller and Brown's hst was an error. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY 741 Albion, Winslow, Landisville, Malaga (S), Hammonton, Batsto, Quaker Bridge (S), Egg Harbor City, Absecon, Tuckahoe (S), Dennisville (S). Coast Strip. — Beach Haven Terrace (L), West Creek (S), Atlantic City (S), Piermont, Anglesea. Cape May.— Bennett, Cape Pt. (S). CHRYSOPSIS Nuttall. Chrysopsis falcata (Pursh.). Sickle-leaved Golden Aster. hiula falcata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 532. 1814 [New Jersey]. Inttla (Chrysopsis) mariana b. falcata Nuttall, Gen. H. 151. 1818. Chrysopsis falcata Knieskern 18. — Willis 32. — Britton 131. — Keller and Brown 321. Locally in dry sands of the Pine Barrens; not common. This plant prefers bare open stretches of white sand, where Arenaria caroliniana, Lcchea racemulosa and Hudsonia ericoides are found. Many such areas around the sites of former forges or wayside inns are now appropriated by these plants, such as at Quaker Bridge, Speedwell, etc. Fl. — Early July to early September. Pine Barrens. — Toms River, Speedwell, Atsion, Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Hammonton.* Chrysopsis mariana (L.). Golden Aster. Inula Mariana Linnaeus, Sp. PI. Ed. 2. 1240. 1763 [North America]. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. H. 531. 1814. Chrysopsis mariana Knieskern 18. — Britton 132. Dry sandy ground; common in the Pine Barrens and Cape May district and locally in the Middle district, occurring north of our limits only at a few stations in Mercer and Middlesex Counties and near Morristown. Fl. — Early August to early September. Middle District.— New Egypt, Hartford, Medford (S), Locust Grove (S), Westville, W. Deptford, Camden, Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Long Branch, Forked River, Cedar Grove (S), Clementon, Pen Bryn (S), Ashland, Albion, Atco, Cedar Brook, Kenilworth (S), Lan- disville (T), Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Tuckahoe, Egg Harbor City, Dennisville (S). Cape May. — Cape May. * The record given in Keller and Brown's list for Atlantic City is an error, there is no such specimen in the Botanical Club collection. 742 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. CHONDROPHORA Nuttall. Chondrophora nudata (Michx.). Rayless Goldenrod. Chrysocoma nudata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. loi. 1803 [Carolina]. Chrysocoma virgata Nuttall, Gen. II. 137. 1818 [New Jersey]. Bigelovia nudata Willis 32. — Britton 133. Bigelovia nudata var. virgata Britton 132. Tlie occurrence of this species in the State seems to be based upon the statement of WilHs that it is found at Blue Bell, Mon- mouth Co., and of Gray that it occurs in "low pine barrens." Both are based in all probability upon Nuttall's record of C. virgata, which they regarded as identical with nudata. The form known as virgata was described by Nuttall from "the borders of swamps in New Jersey near the sea coast." He adds that it is "nearly allied to C. nudata, but distinct, and resem- bles more Solidago temiifolia, with w^hich it might easily be confounded." Notwithstanding the fact that New Jersey is the type locality for virgata — in fact the only locality mentioned — the name is used, probably rightly, for a southern plant in Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora and other works. The type labelled "New Jersey" is still preserved in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy, but doubtless the label is the result of a slip of memory on Nuttall's part. For a further discussion of the probability of Nuttall's type coming from elsewhere cf. Harper Torreya 191 1, 92. SOLIDAGO L. Key to the Species. a. Tips of the involucral bracts erect and appressed. b. Heads in axillary clusters, or also in a terminal spike-like thyrsus (usually simple, rarely branched). c. Heads chiefly in axillary clusters, achenes pubescent. d. Leaves lanceolate or oblong. S. casta, p. 744 dd. Leaves broadly oval, contracted into margined petioles. S. Hexicaulis, p. 744 cc. Heads chiefly in a terminal, spike-like thyrsus, achenes glabrous or nearly so. d. Rays white, stem pubescent. S. bicolor, p. 744 dd. Rays yellow, stem glabrous or nearly so. S. erecta, p. 745 hb. Heads entirely in a terminal simple, or branched, spike-like thyrsus, c. Bracts of the involucre acute. S. ptiberla, p. 745 cc. Bracts obtuse. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 743 d. Upper leaves abruptly smaller and appressed. 5. stricta, p. 746 dd. Upper leaves becoming gradually smaller, not appressed. S. speciosa bbb. Heads in a terminal, usually large panicle ; secund on its spreading or recurved branches. c. Plant maritime, leaves thick, fleshy, entire. S. sempervirens, p. 746 cc. Plants not maritime, leaves not fleshy. d. Leaves pinnately veined, not triple nerved. e. Leaves all entire, thin and glabrous, lanceolate. S. odora, p. 747 ee. Leaves, at least the lower ones, dentate or serrate. f. Stem densely pubescent, leaves more or less so. g. Leaves rugose, veiny, sharply serrate. S. rugosa, p. 747 gg. Leaves not rugose, only sparingly dentate, some entire. S. Ustulosa, p. 748 ff. Stem glabrous, puberulent, or pubescent only above. g. Leaves very scabrous on the upper surface, ser- rulate. S. patula, p. 748 gg. Leaves smooth, or minutely pubescent on the up- per surface. h. Racemes few, very slender, widely divergent. S. ulmifoUa, p. 748 hh. Racemes numerous, spreading, recurved or ascending. i. Leaves all oblong or oblong lanceolate, sessils. S. elliottii, p. 748 a. Lower leaves, at least, petioled ; lanceolate or ovate lanceolate. /. Leaves thin, lower cauline and basal leaves abruptly narrowed to the pe- tioled base. Heads 5-7 mm. high. S. arguta, p. 750 //. Leaves firm, lanceolate or ovate lan- ceolate, tapering gradually to the base. k. Panicle usually as broad as high, rays 8-12. S. juncea, p. 750 kk. Panicle usually longer than broad. I. Plant more robust, leaves broader, rays 3-8. S. neglecta, p. 749 //. Plant slender, leaves narrower, rays 2-5. S. uniligulata, p. 750 dd. Leaves triple nerved (i. e., a pair of lateral veins stronger than the others). e. Lower leaves much longer than the reduced upper ones, leaves firm, whole plant whitish with close puberulence. S. nemoralis, p. 751 ee. Leaves essentially uniform from base to summit, lanceo- late, not whitish. 744 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. f. Involucre 2-2.8 mm. long, stem glabrous below, pu- bescent above, leaves glabrous above, pubescent on the veins beneath, mostly sharply serrate. S. canadensis, p. 751 ff. Involucre 3.2-5 mm. long. g. Stem closely and minutely pubescent throughout, leaves minutely pubescent above, short pilose be- neath, toothed. S. altissima, p. 751 gg. Stem glabrous throughout (sometimes pubescent in the inflorescence). //. Leaves quite smooth on both sides. S. serotina, p. 750 Ml. Leaves slightly pubescent beneath, especially on the nerves. S. serotina gigantea, p. 750 Solidago caesia L. Blue-stemmed Goldenrod.* Solidago ccesia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 879. 1753 [North America]. — WilHs 31. — Britten 132. In woods; frequent in the northern counties, much less com- mon southward in the Middle and Cape May districts only. Fl. — Late August to early October. Middle District. — New Eg>-pt, Westmont (S), Mickleton (NB), Swedes- boro. Cape May. — Cape May (S). Solidago flexicaulis L. Zig-zag Goldenrod. Solidago flexicaulis Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 879. 1753 [Canada]. Solidago latifolia Willis 31. — Britton 132. In woods; frequent in the northern counties, vei-y rare within our limits and confined to the Middle district. Fl. — Late August to early October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Camden Co. (C). Solidago bicolor L. White Goldenrod. Solidago bicolor Linnaeus, Mantissa 114. 1767 [North America]. — Knieskern 18. — Britton 132. Dry woods and open sandy ground; frequent throughout the State. The only white Goldenrod. Fl. — Late August to early October. *The record of S. squarrosa for Westville (KB) was an error for West- town, Pa. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 745 Middle District. — New Egypt, Orchard (S), Haddonfield. Pine Barrens. — Forked River, Cedar Brook, Malaga, Landisville (T), Egg Harbor City, Absecon, Dennisville (S). Cape May. — Bennett (S). Solidago erecta Pursh. Slender Goldenrod. Solidago erecta Pursh., Fl. Am. Sept. 542. 1814 [North America]. — Keller and Brown 323. Solidago speciosa var. angustata Britton 133. Frequent in the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula, rare and local in the Middle district. This species has been very generally confused with S. hispida Muhl (=S. hicolor var. concolor T. and G.) and the records given for that species in the several lists of southern New Jersey plants really refer to this, as shown by many of the actual specimens upon which the records were based. S. hispida does not occur within our limits so far as I have been able to ascertain. Solidago erecta is often associated with and resembles in gen- eral way S. puberula, but can readily be distinguished by the blunt bracts of the involucre, which contrast with the acute bracts of the latter species. Fl. — Early August to late September. Middle District. — Lindenwold. Pine Barrens. — Forked River, West Creek (S), Taunton (S), Atsion (C), Clementon, Malaga (S), Albion, Winslow (P), Pen Bryn (S), Middletown, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (S), Palermo (S), Seaville (S). Cape May.— Court House (S), Bennett (S). Solidago puberula Nutt. Downy Goldenrod. Solidago puberula Nuttall, Gen. II. 162. 1S18 [near Amboy, N. J.]. — Willis 31. — Britton 133. — Keller and Brown 323. Frequent in the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula, and occasional in the Middle district. Fl. — Early September to early October. Middle District.— Keyport (Bassett), New Egypt, Pemberton (.KB), Man- tua (KB), Lindenwold, Dividing Creek (S). Pine Barrens.— Toms River (KB), West Creek (S), Woodmansie. Browns Mills Jnc. (KB), Atsion, Whitings (S), Clementon, Taunton, Jackson, New Germany (KB), Landisville, Hammonton (S), Egg Harbor City, Absecon (KB), Mays Landing (KB), Tuckahoe. Cape May.— Bennett (S).* * Lippincott's record for Anglesea (KB) proves to belong to S. Ustulosa. 746 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Solidago stricta Ait. Wand-iike Goldenrod. Solidago stricta Aiton, Hort. Kew III. 216. 1787 [North America]. — Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. II. 540. 1814. — Britton 133. — Keller and Brown 323. Damp, sandy spots in the Pine Barrens, finding here the northern Hmit of its range. A species of the east central or most typical portion of the Pine Barrens coming down in some spots, as at West Creek, quite to the edge of the salt marshes. Fl. — Mid-August to late September. Pine Barrens.— Vorked River, West Creek (S), Cox's, Woodmansie (KB), Jones Mill (S), Atsion (C), Quaker Bridge (P), Winslow (C), Hammon- ton, Egg Harbor City.* Solidago sempervirens L. Sea-side Goldenrod. PI. CXXIL, Fig. I. Solidago sempervirens Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 878. 1753 [New York and Canada]. — Knieskern 18. — Willis 31. — Britton 133. — Keller and Brown 324. Common along the salt marshes of the coast and up the Dela- ware, casually to Camden ; also along- the tidewater creeks for some miles back into the Pine Barrens. Occasionally intro- duced inland along railroads. This great fleshy-leaved Gk)ldenrod is probably the handsomest species of the genus. It abounds in all sorts of situations along the coast and is one of the most conspicuous of the autumnal flowers. I have found some sprays still in bloom on Thanks- giving Day. Fl. — Early September to early October, sporadically later. Maritime. — Sandy Hook, Seaside Park, Barnegat Pier, Island Heights Jnc, Spray Beach (L), Barnegat, West Creek (S), Absecon, Atlantic Citj-, Ocean Citj', Palermo (S), Sea Isle Jnc. (S), Anglesea, Wildwood, Cold Spring (S), Bennett, Cape May. Cape May Pt. (S), Dennisville (S). Middle District. — Camden. Pine Barrens.— \Nh\tm^s, I.andisvillc, Richland (T), Winslow (T), Pleas- ant Mills. * The record given by Keller and Brown on authority of the late U. C. Smith for Anglesea cannot be verified, and seems extremely unlikely. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 747 Solidago odora Ait. Fragrant Goldenrod. PI. C5?XVI. Solidago odora Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 214. 1789 [N. America]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 121. 1818.— Knieskern 18.— Britton 135. In dry woods; frequent throughout our region, especially in the Pine Barrens and occasional in the northern counties. This species, S. fistula, rugosa, neglecta, erecta and puberula are the most generally distributed Goldenrods of the Pine Bar- rens, although none of them are restricted to the region, as is the more local S. stricta. S. odora is the first to bloom and is found in dry, open, swampy woods, associated with Helianthus divaricatus, lonactis linarii- folins, Sericocarpus asteroides, S. linifolius, etc. The natives were accustomed in old days to make a very pleasant "tea" from the leaves. Fl. — Mid-July to late August. Middle District. — New Egypt, Burlington, Wenonah, Clementon, Mickleton (NB), Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Quaker Bridge (NB), Bear Swamp (S), Waterford, Win- slow (S), Landisville, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing, Tuckahoe (S), Manumuskin (S). Coast Strip.— BsLvnegat City (L), Surf City (L), N. Beach Haven (L). Cape May. — Cold Spring (S), Bennett. Solidago rugosa Mill. Wrinkle-leaved Goldenrod. Solidago rugosa Miller, Card. Diet. Ed. 8. No. 25. 1768 [Cultivated plant].— Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 123. 1818.— Britton 134. Fields and thickets; common throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it is only occasional. Prof. Fernald has identified specimens fromi Mickleton and Egg Harbor City as S. aspera Ait, but I cannot regard the characters cited in the New Gray's Manual as of sufficient con- stancy or weight to warrant the separation of this form from S. rugosa, even as a subspecies. Fl. — Late August to late September. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, New Lisbon (P), Brown's Mills (P), Delanco (S), Medford (S), Clementon (S), Lawnside (S), Washington Park, Mickleton, Salem (S), Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. Coast Strip. — Forked River, Manahawkin, Barnegat City (L), Ship Bot- tom (L), Atlantic City (S), Wildwood, Tuckahoe (S). I 748 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Cape May.— Fishing Creek (OHB), Cold Spring (S), Bennett. Pine Barrens. — Landisville, Egg Harbor City. Solidago fistulosa Mill. Pine Barren Goldenrod. Solidago fistulosa Miller, Card. Diet. Ed. 8. No. 19. 1768 [North America]. — Keller and Brown 324. Solidago pilosa Britton 135. Frequent in swamps of the Pine Barren, Coast and Cape May districts, and occasional in the lower Middle district. Pi. — Late August to late September. Middle Z^ufncf.— Haddonfield (KB), Clarksboro, Mickleton (KB), Swedes- boro, Beaver Dam. Pine Barrens. — Bay Head (C), Toms River (NB), Forked River, West Creek (S), Woodmansie (KB), Atsion, Cedar Grove (S), Landisville, Eighth St. Hospitality Br., Malaga (P), Hammonton (KB), Egg Harbor City, Palermo, Tuckahoe, Sea Isle Jnc. (S). Coast Strip. — Seaside Park, Barnegat Pier, Brant Beach (L), Barnegat City (L), Peahala (L), Holgate's (L), Ocean City (S), Piermont (S), Anglesea, Cape May (S). Solidago patula Muhl. Rough-leaved Goldenrod. Solidago patula "Muhlenberg" Willdenow, Sp. PI. HI. 2059. 1804 [Pennsyl- vania].— Willis 31. — Britton 134. — Keller and Brown 324. In swampy ground ; locally in the northern counties, but very rare within our limits and confined to the Middle district. Middle Z?u/nc/.— Freehold (C), Mickleton (NB). Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. Elm-leaved Goldenrod. Solidago ulmifolia "Muhlenberg" Willdenow, Sp. PI. HI. 2060. 1804 [Penn- sylvania].—Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 120. 1818.— Knieskern 18.— Britton 134- In woods and thickets; frequent in the northern counties, but apparently rare within our limits and confined to the Middle and Coast districts. Fl. — Mid-August to late September. Middle District. — Griffith's Swamp. Coast Strip. — Cox's, Manahawkin. Solidago elliottii T. & G. Elliott's Goldenrod. Solidago Blliottii Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. A. II. 218. 1841 [Cape Fear River, N. C, to Ga.]. — Britton 135. — Keller and Brown 324. Rare and local; mainly confined to the coast region, but obtained by Parker at Brown's Mills and reported by Britton PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 749 from Mercer, Bergen and Hudson Counties. I have examined Parker's specimen and confirmed his identification, but the other records given by Britton I have been unable to verify, Fl. — Early September to early October. Middle District. — Brown's Mills (P), Gloucester County. Pine Barrens? — Landisville. Coast Strip. — Manahawkin. Cape May. — North Cape May. Solidago neglecta T. & G. Swamp Goldenrod. Solidago neglecta Torrey and Gray, FI. N. A. II. 213. 1841 [Mass. and N. Y. to N. C. and Ind.]. — Britton 133. — Keller and Brown 324. Frequent in bogs and swamps of the Pine Barren and Cape May districts, more especially near the coast and occasional in the Middle district; reported from a few stations in Middlesex, Bergen and Morris Counties north of our limits. This is the m.ost common Goldenrod in swamps and bogs of the Pine Barrens and is subject tO' considerable variation. On the one hand it seems to pass by almost imiperceptible gradations into the slender few rayed formi that has been identified as S. uniligulata, while on the other it shows a tendency to S. speciosa. All records of the latter from our region prove tO' be S. neglecta, where specimens are extant, but it is possible that S. speciosa does grow in some of the bogs of the Middle district. Indeed Nuttall's original specimens of S. speciosa came from "sandy woods, banks of the Schuylkill, also in Nezu Jersey, but rare," and Barton gives *'S. petiolaris (=speciosa Ntitt) one mile east of Woodbury, seven feet high." At Lindenwold I have collected specimens with spike-like racemes not at all one-sided, but side by side with them was typical secund S. neglecta, absolutely identical in all other re- spects. In the same neighborhood, too, I collected a hybrid Soli- dago, in which the S. neglecta strain is apparently present. PL — Late August to early October. Middle District. — Lindenwold, Mickleton, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Waretown, Browns Mills (KB), Clementon, Barnegat, Manahawkin, West Creek (S), Tuckerton (KB), Quaker Bridge (KB), Cedar Brook, Hammonton (S), Eighth St., Hospitality Br., Petersburg (S), Tuckahoe (S). Cape May.— Oztzn City Jnc. (S), Goshen (S), Cape May (OHB). 750 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Solidago uniligulata (D.C.)- Few-rayed Goldenrod. Bigelovia (f) uniligulata D. C. Prodr. V. 329. 1836 [New Jersey and Vir- ginia to Carolina]. Solidago neglecta var. uniligulata Britton 133. Pine Barren swamps near the coast and at one station in the Middle district. This species is not clearly separable from S. neglecta, so far as I can judge, from rather scanty miaterial, and seems to form one extreme of a series with typical neglecta at the other. Ft. — Early September to mid-October, apparently. Middle District. — Two mi. N. W. of Mickleton. Pine Barrens. — Ferago (L), Toms River (P), Forked River, Waretown, Tuckahoe (S). Solidago juncea Ait. Early Goldenrod. Solidago juncea Aiton, Hort. Kew. III., 213. 1789 [North America.] — Britton 134- Very scarce in our limits, more common northward. Fl. — Mid-July to early September. Middle District. — Two miles North of Mickleton, Lindenwold. Solidago arguta Ait. Cut-leaved Goldenrod. Solidago arguta Aiton, Hort. Kew. III., 213. 1789 [North America]. — Britton 134. — Keller and Brown 325. Frequent or occasional in woods of the northern counties and very rare southward in the Middle district. Middle District— Two miles N. W. Mullica Hill (NB). A beautiful tall Goldenrod with large heads and open inflores- cence growing plentifully in a strip of woodland below Atlantic City, where I collected it September 4, 1908, seems different from anything else that I have seen. Prof, Fernald suggests a hybrid between vS*. arguta and S. neglecta, but unfortunately neither is present on the island. Solidago serotina Ait. Late Goldenrod. Solidago serotina Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 211. 17S9 [North America]. — Knies- kern 18. — Britton 135. Frequent in rich soil in thickets, etc., in the Northern, Middle and Coast districts. Some are referable to S. s. gigantea, which is doubtfully separable. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 751 Fl. — Early Augtist to late September. Middle District. — Delanco, Kaighn's Pt., Fish House, Washington Park, Mickleton, Swedesboro. Coast Strip. — Island Heights Jnc, Pleasant Mills. Solidago altissima L.* Tall Goldenrod. Solidago alUssima Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 878. 1753 [N. America]. — Knieskern 18. Solidago canadensis Britton 135 (in part). Frequent in the northern counties, occasional on the Coast strip, and probably in the Middle district. Apparently all our material is altissima. All specimens labelled canadensis that we have examined prove to be this. Fl. — Late August to early October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Mickleton, Swedesboro. Coast 5"^n>.— Manahawkin, Spray Beach (L), Cold Spring (S), Anglesea (OHB), Cape May (OHB). Solidago nemoralis Ait.f Field Goldenrod. Solidago nemoralis Aiton Hort. Kew. HI. 213. 1789 [North America]. — Knieskern 18. — Britton 135. Dry, open ground; frequent throughout the State. This species, more than any other of Goldenrod, shows a tendency to become a weed, and old fields and abandoned garden patches are often largely grown up with this Solidago associated especially with Gnaphalium obtusifolium. Fl. — Mid-August to late September. Middle District.— New Eg>'pt. Haddonfield, Lawnside (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Salem (S), Beaver Dam. Pine Barrens. — Forked River, Albion, Cedar Brook, Atco, Landisville, Egg Harbor City. Coast Strip. — Manahawkin, Barnegat City (L), Spray Beach (L), Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Atlantic City (S), Seaville (S), Wildwood, Cold Spring (S). EUTHAMIA Nuttall. Euthamia graminifolia (L.). Bushy Goldenrod. Chrysocoma graminifolia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 841. 1753 [Canada]. Solidago lanceolata Britton 325. * Cf. Fernald Rhodora 1908, 91, for a discussion of this species. t The record of S. rigida at Egg Harbor City, given by Keller and Brown, on authority of C. S. Williamson, I am informed by Mr. Williamson was an error. 752 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. In moist open groiind along the coast and perhaps commou northward. Fl. — Late August to early October. Coast Strip. — Sandy Hook, Sea Girt, Spray Beach (L), Ship Bottom (L), Surf City (L), Beach Haven (L), Atlantic City (S), Tuckahoe (S). Euthamia graminifolia nuttallii (Greene). Nuttall's Goldenrod. Buthamia Nuttallii Greene, Pittonia V:y2,. 1902 [Potomac Valley, Va., and Md.]. Moist, open ground; apparently common, except in the Pine Barrens and Coast Strip. Fl. — Late August to early October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Hartford, Delair, Washington Park, Lawn- side (S), Pennsgrove, Mickleton (NB), Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. Pine Barrens. — Landisville. Cape May. — Bennett, Cold Spring (S), Cape May. Buthamia Horihunda Greene, Pittonia V., 74, 1902, was de- scribed from an apparently unique specimen obtained by J. H. Holmes at Pt. Norris, N. J., and was renamed polycephala by Fernald, Rhodera 1908: 92. Extremes of this plant, which has been since found at several stations, seem rather distinct, but others are intermediate and it is probably an individual variation of the last. A typical specimen is in the Philadelphia Academy collection from New Egypt, collected by J. H. Grove. Euthamia tenuifolia (Pursh.). Slender Bushy Goldenrod. Solidago tenuifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. H. 540. 1814 [Pine Barrens, N. J.- Carolina].—Nuttall, Gen. n. 162. 1818.— Barton, Fl. Phila. H. 122. 1818. — Knieskern 18. Solidago Carolinidma Britton 135. Euthamia Caroliniana Keller and Brown 325. Frequent throughout our region, and at New Durham, Hud- son Co., and Trenton, Mercer Co., north of our limits. A beautifully delicate species, especially abundant along the coast and conspicuous in the flower show of early autumn. Fl. — Late August to early October, Middle District.— Ddanco (S), Kaighns Pt., Camden, Ashland, Mickleton, Medford (S). Pine Barrens.— Island Heights Jnc, West Creek (S), Quaker Bridge, Clementon, Albion, Hammonton (S), Landisville, Egg Harbor Citj', Tucka- hoe (S). PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 753 Coast Strip.— Barnegat, Cox's, Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Barne- gat City (L), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Avalon, Wildwood. Cape May. — Bennett, Cold Spring (S), Cape May. BOLTON lA L'Heritier. Boltonia asteroides (L.). Aster-like Boltonia. Matricaria asteroides Linnaeus, Mantissa ii6. 1767 [Pennsylvania "Barth- ram"]. Boltonia asterioidcs Long, Torreya 1908, 16. Open swamps in the southwestern part of the Cape May- peninsula. First discovered in a swamp west of Bennett by Mr. Bayard Long July 24, 1907, and later found by the writer near Green Creek. Like many other plants peculiar to the Cape May region, it pushes up the Susquehanna Valley into Pennsyl- vania. Fl. — Mid-August to mid-September. Cape May. — Bennett, Green Creek. SERICOCARPUS Nees. Sericocarpus linifolius (L.). Narrow-leaved White-top Aster. Conysa linifolia Linnaeus Sp. PI. 861. 1753 [North America]. Aster Solidaginoides Barton, Fl. Phila. IL log. 1818. Seriocarpus solidagineus Knieskern 17. — Willis 30. Sericocarpus linifolius Britton 136. — Keller and Brown 326. Frequent in dry sandy woods of the Pine Blarrens, also occa- sional in similar situations in the Cape May and Coast districts, and locally in the Middle district, ranging north of our limits to a few stations in Bergen, Middlesex, Hunterdon and Mercer Counties. Fl. — Mid-June to mid-August, Middle District.—Shavk River, Farmingdale (S), Mickleton (C). Pine Barrens. — Brindletown, Bamber, Manahawkin, Chatsworth, Speedwell (S), Atsion, Cedar Brook, Inskip, Folsom, Landisville, Richland (NB), Hammonton (C), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S). Coast Strip. — Anglesea. Cape May. — Fishing Creek. Sericocarpus asteroides (L.). White-top Aster. Conyza Asteroides Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 861. 1753 [North America]. Aster conyzoides Barton, Fl. Phila. IL 109. 1818. Aster conyzoides var. plantaginifolius Nuttall Gen. IL 158. 1818. Sericocarpus conyzoides, Knieskern 17. Sericocarpus asteroides Britton 326. 48 MUS 754 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Common in dry woods throughout the State. Fl. — Late June to early August. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Arney's Mt. (S), Haddon- field (S), Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — New Lisbon, Clementon, Cedar Brook, Winslow (S), In- skip, Landisville. Coast Strip.— Sh.\^ Bottom (L), Atlantic City (S). Cape Mcj).— Cape May (S). ASTER L. Key to the Species. a. Basal and some of the lower stem leaves cordate and slender petioled. b. None of the stem leaves cordate clasping. c. Rays white, plant not glandular. Aster divaricatus, p. 755 cc. Rays violet, plant glandular. A. macrophyllus, p. 755 ccc. Rays blue or purple, plant not glandular. A. cordif alius, p. 755 bh. Stem leaves, or some of them, cordate, clasping, rays violet or pale blue. A. undulatus, p. 756 aa. No cordate and petioled leaves, but some at least of the stem leaves with more or less cordate or auricled clasping bases. b. Stem rough or hirsute pubescent. c. Leaves entire, oblong, linear or lanceolate. d. Stem rough, leaves oblong to oval. A. patens, p. 756 dd. Stem hirsute, leaves lanceolate, clasping by an auriculate base. A. novce-anglicB, p. 756 cc. Leaves, at least the lower, serrate, stem hispid pubescent. A. puniceus, p. 757 bb. Stem glabrous. c. Leaves sharply serrate, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate sessile. A. Icevis, p. 757 cc. Leave's entire or nearly so. A. ywzi-bclgii, p. 757 aaa. Leaves not at all clasping. b. Leaves silvery canescent on both sides, heads in a narrow raceme. A. concolor, p. 757 bb. Leaves not silvery canescent. c. Rays blue, pink or purple, head more than 20 mm. broad (except gracilis) . d. Tips of the involucral bracts widely spreading. e. Heads 25 mm. broad. A. spectabilis, p. 758 ee. Heads 12-18 mm. broad. A. gracilis, p. 758 dd. Tips of the involucral bracts erect and appressed ; heads 25-35 niiTi- broad. e. Bracts coriaceous, oblong-spatulate, or oblong, leaves ses- sile, oblong lanceolate, rough above, somewhat pubescent beneath, sharply serrate, broad. A. radula, p. 759 ee. Bracts linear, subulate, membranaceous, acute; leaves ses- sile, membranaceous, oblong lanceolate, puberulent, den- tate or entire. A. nemoralis, p. 759 PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 755 cc. Rays white (pink or bluish in dumosiis), heads not over 20 mm. broad. d. Heads soHtary at the ends of slender branchlets. A. dumosiis, p. 760 dd. Heads paniculate or racemose. e. Paniculate, not in one-sided racemes, plants nearly gla- brous. /. Leaves lanceolate, somewhat serrate in the middle ; heads 16-20 mm. broad. A. paniciilatiis, p. 760 ff. Leaves linear lanceolate to subulate, entire or mostly so; heads 8-12 mm. broad. A. cricoid es, p. 760 ee. Heads racemose, one-sided on the branches. f. Stem leaves oval, oblong or lanceolate serrate or chiefly so ; stem pubescent or glabrate. A. lateriflorus, p. 761 ff. Stem leaves linear lanceolate to linear, nearly entire, stem glabrate. A. vimincus, p. 761 aaaa. Leaves fleshy, narrow, entire, maritime plants. b. Heads 12-25 mm. broad. A. tenuifolius, p. 761 b. Heads 6-10 mm. broad. A. suhulatus, p. 761 Aster divaricatus L. White Wood Aster. Aster divaricatus Linnseus, Sp. PI. 873. 1753 [Virginia]. Aster corynibosus Willis 30. — Britton 136. Common in rich woods of the northern counties and occasional or locally frequent in the Middle district. Fl. — Late August to early October. Middle District.— New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Medford (S), Oaklyn (S), Springdale (S), Little Timber Creek (P), Mickleton (C), Swedesboro. Aster macrophyllus L. Large-leaved Aster. Aster macrophyllus Linnaeus Sp. PI. Ed. 2. 1232. 1763 [North America]. — Willis 30. — Britton 136. — Keller and Brown 328. Frequent in rich woods of the northern counties, but rare within our limits in the upper Middle and Cape May districts. Fl. — Early August to late September, probably. Middle District.— Colt's Neck, Mon. Co. (C), Timber Creek (P). Cape May.— Rio Grande (OHB). Aster cordifolius L. Blue Wood Aster. Aster cordifolius Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 875 [America]. — Knieskern 17. — Britton ^37- 756 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Common in rich woods of the northern counties, rare within our limits and confined to the upper part of the Middle district. Fl. — Mid-September to mid-October. Middle District. — New Egypt. Aster undulatus L. Wavy-ieaved Aster. Aster undulatus Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 875 [North America], Britton 137. Dry woods; common throughout the State. Fl. — Early September to mid-October. Middle District. — Birmingham, W. Deptford, Swedesboro, Merchantville (P). Pine Barrens. — Manahawkin, Atco, Cedar Brook, Malaga, Landisville, Egg Harbor City. Cape May.— Bennett (S). Aster patens Ait. Late Purple Aster. Aster patens Alton, Hort. Kew. III. 201. 1789 [Virginia]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 113. 1818. — Knieskern 17. — Britton 137. Dry soil ; apparently common throughout the State. Fl. — Mid-August to early October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Medford (S), Orchard (S), Blackwood, Ashland, W. Deptford. Pine Barrens. — Barnegat, Whitings (S), Atsion (S), Taunton (S), Cedar Brook, Newtonville, Landisville (T), Vineland (S), Hammonton, Batsto, Egg Harbor City (S), Weymouth (T), Mays Landing (S), Seaville (S). Aster novae-angliae L. New England Aster. Aster novce-anglice Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 875 [New England]. — Britton 139. — Keller and Brown 329. Common in the northern district, but rare within our limits, occurring only in the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts, escaping from cultivation in some localities. Fl. — Early September to mid-October. Middle District. — New Lisbon (C), Pemberton (C), Mannington (C), Daretown (C), Camden (CP). Pine Barrens. — Toms River (P), Ancora (CP), (Escapes?). Cape May.— Rio Grande (OHB). Coast Strip.— Wildwood (UP). * A. phlogifolitis has been reported from Atco by Britton on authority of Parker, but there is no specimen in his herbarium, and I can find no evidence of the occurrence of the species within our limits. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 757 Aster puniceus L. Purple-stemmed Aster. Aster puniceus Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 875. 1753 [North America]. — Britton 139. Common in swamps of the northern counties and locally frequent in the Middle and Cape May districts, also occasional on the coast. Fl. — Late August to early October. Middle District— New Egypt, Washington Park, Mickleton, Swedesboro. Coast Strip. — Below Maj^s Landing. Cape May.— Cold Spring (S). Aster Isevis L. Smooth Aster. Aster Icevis Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 876. 1753 [N. America]. — Britton 139. Frequent in the northern counties, very rare within our limits and known from but one locality. Fl. — Early September to early October. Middle District.— Camden (P). Aster novi-belgii L. New York Aster. Aster novi-belgii Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 877 [Virginia and Penna.]. — Britton 138. Aster novi-belgii var. elodes Britton 139. — Keller and Brown 330. Aster novi-belgii var. litoreus Britton 138. Frequent throughout the State; most abundant on the coast, so far as southern New Jersey is concerned. I fail to distinguish the so-called varieties of this Aster; they seem to be simply individual forms of a variable species, with little or no constancy. Fl. — ^Early September to late October. Middle District.— Keyport (NB), Farmingdale (S), New Egypt, Cross- wicks, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens.— Toms River (S), Island Heights Jnc, Chatsworth, Kenil- worth (S), Clementon, Cedar Brook, Malaga (P), Atsion (P), Absecon, Hammonton (S), Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Sea Isle Jnc. (S), Ocean City Jnc. (S). Coast Strip.— Seaside Park (S), Barnegat, West Creek (S), Barnegat City (L), N. Beach Haven (L), Surf City (L), Beach Haven Crest (L), Atlantic City (P), Palermo (S), Piermont (S), Wildwood. Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB), Cape May (OHB). Aster concolor L. Silvery Aster. Aster concolor Linnaeus, Sp. PI. Ed. 2. 1228. 1763 [Virginia]. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 548. 1814.— Barton Fl. Phila. II. no. 1818.— Knieskern 17. — Willis 30. — Britton 137. — Keller and Brown 330. 758 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Frequent in dry sandy g-round in the Pine Barrens and locally in the Middle and Cape May districts. Fl. — Late August to early October. Middle District. — Burlington, Southburg (C), Medford, Ashland, Linden- wold, Mickleton (C), Jericho (C), W. Deptford. Pine Barrens. — Prospertown, Manchester (NB), Whitings (S), Stafford- ville, Speedwell (S), Jones Mill (S), Atsion, Clementon, Albion, Cedar Brook, Atco, Berlin, Malaga (S), Taunton (S), Landisville, Quaker Bridge (S), Hammonton, Batsto (P), Mays Landing, Elwood (P). Cape May. — Cape May (S). Aster spectabilis Ait. Showy Aster. Aster spectabilis Aiton, Hort. Kew. IIL 209. 1789 [North America]. — Nut- tall, Gen. 11. 157. 1818.— Barton, Fl. Phila. IL 117. 1818.— Knieskern 17. — Willis 30. — Britton 137. — Keller and Brown 330. Aster surculosus Britton 137. — Keller and Brown 330. — Robinson and Fernald, Rhodora 1909. 58. Common in dry sandy ground in the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula, and locally in the Middle district, occurring at onlv three stations north of our limits in Morris, Mercer and Middlesex Counties. The most showy Aster of our region, with flower heads often 35 mm. in diameter. Robinson and Fernald have disposed of the original New Jersey record of Aster surculosus b}^ showing that it was based upon a specimen of A. spectabilis, and all specimens of alleged surculosus that I have examined prove to be the same thing. Fl. — Late July to late September. Middle District.— Mediord, Ashland, Haddonfield, Westmont (S), Wood- bury (P), Mickleton. Pine Barrens. — Asbury Park (NB), Deal, Brindlctown, Brown's Mills (P), Forked River, Pasadena, Manchester (NB), Bamber, Whitings, Speed- well, Chatsworth, Taunton (S), Jackson, Clementon, Bear Swamp (S), Al- bion, Pen Bryn (S), Atco, Winslow (S). Landisville, Newfield, Hammon- ton, Quaker Bridge (P), Pleasant Mills, Folsom, Egg Harbor City, Dennis- ville. Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB). Aster gracilis Nutt. Slender Aster. Aster gracilis Nuttall, Gen. IL 158. 1818 [Kentucky and Tennessee].— Brit- ton 137. — Keller and Brown 330. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 759 Commion in dry sandy woods of the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula, and occasional in the southern part of the Middle district and the Coast Strip. PL — Late July to early September. Middle District. — Dividing Creek, Bridgeton. Pine Barrens. — Forked River (NB), Manahawkin, Bamber, Chatsworth, Winslow Jnc, Water ford, Landisville, Hammonton, Pancoast (NB), Quaker Bridge, Pleasant Mills (P), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S), Dennisville (S). Coast Strip. — Ocean City (S). Cape May. — Court House, Bennett. Aster radula Ait. Low Rough Aster. Aster Radula Aiton, Hort. Kew. HI. 210. 1789 [Nova Scotia]. — Willis 30. — Britton 136. — Keller and Brown 330. Bogs of the Middle district, rare ; also one record for the edge of the Pine Barrens and one for Morris County. Fl. — Early August to early September. Middle District.— Southhmg (C), Bricksburg (NB), Merchantville (P), Griffith's Swamp, Mickleton (BH), Swedesboro (CDL).* Aster nemoralis Ait. Bog Aster. Aster nemoralis Aiton, Hort. Kew. IH. 198. 1789 [Nova Scotia]. — Knies- kern 17. — Willis 31. — Britton 139. — Keller and Brown 330. Frequent in Cedar Swamps of the Pine Barrens reaching here the southern limit of its distribution. This is distinctly the Aster of the Cedar Swamps and cold bogs, where most of the other stragglers from the north find congenial surroundings. It does not range farther south than the Pine Barrens of New Jersey, and Absecon seems to be our southernmost record, although it no doubt extends farther, cer- tainly to Mays Landing, f Fl. — Mid-August to late September. * Mr. U. C. Smith's record in Keller and Brown's list for Egg Harbor City cannot be verified, and is, without much doubt, due to a misidentification, in- asmuch as a number of his specimens of this genus are wrongly named. tThe record for Swedesboro (KB) should have been Atco according to Mr. Lippincott's herbarium. Nuttall (Gen H. 155) records Aster paludosus "from Cape May County, New Jersey, to Florida on the margins of open swamps," but there is nothing to substantiate the record. 76o REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Pine Barrens. — Toms River (S), Forked River, Waretown, Pasadena, West Creek (S), Tuckerton, Bamber, Jones' Mill (S), Speedwell, Chatsworth, Atsion (P), Parkdale (S), Kenilvvorth (S), Brown's Mills (KB), Cedar Brook, Hammonton, New Germany, Eighth St., Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Absecon (S). Aster dumosus L. Bushy Aster. Aster dumosus Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 873. 1753 [North America]. — Britton 138. Sandy woods, etc. ; frequent in the Pine Barren, Coast and Cape May districts and locally in the Middle district, also in Sussex County. Much of our material, especially from the Pines, is referable to the form coridifolius, but all sorts of variations occur. Fl. — Late August to early October. Middle District. — Medford (S), Ashland, W. Deptford, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Forked River, Island Heights Jnc, West Creek (S), Whit- ings (S), Cedar Grove (S), Speedwell (S), Taunton (S), Clementon (S), Atco, Waterford, Cedar Brook, Pen Bryn (S), Landisville, Batsto, Belle- plain (S). Coast Strip. ~Sta.siAt Park, Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven (L). Cape May. — Dennisville (S), Court House (S), Bennett. Aster paniculatus Lam. White-panicled Aster. Aster paniculatus Lamarck, Encycl. 1:306. 1783 [N. America]. — Britton 138. — Keller and Brown 331. Comjmon throughout the northern counties in low ground, occasional southM^ard in the Middle district. Fl. — Early September to late October. Middle District.— l^ancy Hill, Washington Park, Mickleton (KB), Swedes- boro. Pine Barrens. — Landisville, Mays Landing (C) probably introduced. Aster ericoides L. Heath Aster. Aster ericoides Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 875. 1753 [North America]. — Britton 138. In dfy open ground; common throughout the northern coun- ties, less common southward, but does not occur in the Pine Barrens, except as a weed in cleared or cultivated ground Fl. — Late August to mid-October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Landisville (as a weed). Coast Strip. — Manahawkin, Absecon. Cape May.— Cold Spring (S), Cape May (OHB). PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 761 Aster laterifiorus (L,). Starved Aster. Solidago lateriHorus Linn^us, Sp. PI. 879. 1753 [North America]. Aster laterifiorus Britton 138. Aster laterifiorus thyrsoideus Keller and Brown 331. Comimon in various situations in the northern counties and on the coast, locally elsewhere, except in the Pine Barrens, where it does not occur. Mr. Long thinks our coastal material is probably referable to var. thyrsoideus. It is low, with a dense inflorescence, but very variable. Fl. — Early September to mid-October. Middle District. — Birmingham. Coast Strip.— Waretown, Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Sea Isle City, Wildwood. Cape May.— Cold Spring (S), Cape May (OHB). Aster vimineus Lam. Small White Aster. Aster vimineus Lamarck, Encycl. L 306. 1783 [Canada]. — Keller and Brown 332. Frequent throughout our region, except in the Pine Barrens, where it is absent ; also occasional in the northern counties. Fl. — Late August to mid-October. Middle District. — Locust Grove (S), Lindenwold, Camden, W. Deptford, Riddleton. Pine Barrens. — Landisville (as a weed). Coast Strip. — Como, Barnegat City (L), Wildwood. Cape Ma3;.— Cold Spring (S), Town Bank (OHB). Aster tenuifolius L. Large-flowered Salt Marsh Aster. Aster tenuifolius Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 873. 1753 [North America].— Britton 139. — Keller and Brown 332. Aster flexuosus Nuttall, Gen. IL 154 [Salt Marshes of N. J. and N. Y.]. — Knieskern 18. — Willis 31. Salt marshes of the coast and lower Delaware Bay frequent. Fl. — Early September to early October. Maritime.— Ft. Pleasant (S), Seaside Park (S), Barnegat Pier, Forked River, Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven (L), Absecon, Atlantic City, Ocean City, Palermo (S), Avalon, Wildwood, Anglesea, Cape May. Aster subulatus Michx. Small-flowered Salt Marsh Aster. Aster subulatus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. H. iii [Maritime Swamps, Penna. and Carolina].— Nuttall, Gen. H. 155. 1818.— Britton 139.— Keller and Brown 332. 762 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Common in salt marshes of the coast and lower Delaware Bay. This and the preceding are typical salt marsh species and occur in about equal numbers all along the coast.* Fl. — Early September to early October. Maritime. — Long Branch, Sea Girt, Seaside Park, Island Heights Jnc, Spray Beach (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Ocean City, Palermo (S), Abse- con, Atlantic City, Wildwood, Holly Beach, Cold Spring (S), Cape May, So. Dennis (S). ERIGERON L. Erigeron pulchellus Michx. Robin's Plantain. Erigeron pulchellum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. H. 124. 1803 [Canada, Penn- sylvania and Mts. of Carolina]. Brigeron bellidifolius Britton 140. Frequent in open woods and fields in the Northern and Middle districts, rare in the Cape May peninsula. Fl. — Early May to early June. Middle District. — New Egypt, Birmingham, Medford (S), Sewell (S), Camden (C), Gloucester, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Downstown (T). Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB). Erigeron annuus (L.). Daisy Fleabane. Aster annuus Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 875. 1753 [Canada]. Erigeron annuus Britton 140. Fields and roadsides throughout the State; so completely a weed that its original distribution cannot now be ascertained. Certainly not native of the Pine Barrens, however. Fl. — Early June into July, sporadically much later. Middle District.— Pemherton (NB), Buckshutem. Coast Strip. — Tucker's (L). Erigeron ramosus (Walt.). Slender Daisy Fleabane. Doronicum ramosum Walter, Fl. Car. 205. 1788 [Carolina]. Erigeron ramosus Britton 140. Common in fields and roadsides throughout the State. Cer- tainly not native of the Pine Barrens, but now so much of a weed * Aster longifolius, A. concinnus and A. tradescanti have been recorded in the New Jersey lists as occurring within our range, but no herbarium speci- mens are extant, and our field researches have failed to detect them. These facts, together with the general difficulty in correctly naming species of this genus, are, I think, sufficient excuse for ignoring them for the present. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 763 that its original distribution elsewhere cannot be determined. Fl. — Early June into July. Middle District. — New Egypt, Westville, Swedesboro, Husted (S). Pine Barrens. — Landisville, Hammonton. Coast Strip. — Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Spray Beach (L). LEPTILON Rafinesque. Leptilon canadense (L.). Horse Weed. Erigeron canadense Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 863. 1753 [Canada, Virginia]. — Knies- kern 18. — Britton 140. Common in waste and cultivated ground throughout the State; everywhere a weed. Original distribution not now ascertainable, but certainly not native in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Late July into October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Kaighns Pt., Swedesboro. Coast Strip.—Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Avalon. Cape May. — Cold Spring (S). DCELLINGERIA Nees. Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.). Tall Flat-top Aster. Aster umbellata Miller, Card. Dist. Ed. 8. No. 22. 1768 [no locality]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. II. in. 1818.— Britton 140. ? Diplopappus aniygdalinus Knieskern 18. Doellingeria umbellata Keller and Brown 2)2>2- Frequent in the Northern and Middle districts and along the Coast Strip in moist ground. Fl. — Mid-August to mid-September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Lindenwold, Camden, Atco, Sumner (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro. Coast Strip. — Belmar, Forked River, Manumuskin, Sea Isle Jnc. (S). Cape Maj.— Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S). Doellingeria umbellata humilis (Willd.). Pine Barren Flat-top Aster. Aster humilis Willdenow, Sp. PI. III. 2038. 1804 [Pennsylvania]. Doellingeria humilis Keller and Brown 333. Aster umbellatus var. humilis Britton 140. Open swamps in the Pine Barrens ; not common. Fl. — Mid-August to mid-September, probably. Pine Barrens. — Ocean and Monmouth Counties (Kn), Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (NB). 764 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Doellingeria infirma (Michx.). Cornel-leaved Aster. Aster infirmus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 109. 1803 [Canada to Carolina in the mountains]. Diplopappus cornifoUus Knieskern 18. Aster cornifoUus Britton 140. Doellingeria infirma Keller and Brown 222- Frequent in the northern counties, rare within our limits, occurring only in the Middle district. Fl. — Late July to late August. Middle District. — Ocean and Monmouth Counties (Kn), Mickleton (C), Svvedesboro. lONACTIS Greene, lonactis linariifolius (L.). Stiff-leaved Aster. PI. cxxv. Aster linariifolius Linnjeus, Sp. PI. 874. 1753 [North America].— Barton, Fl. Phila. II. no. 1818.— Britton 139. Diplopappus linariifolius Knieskern 18. Dry, sandy ground; frequent or occasional throughout the State. Fl. — Early September to mid-October. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egj'pt, Medford (S), Clementon, W. Deptford. Pine Barrens. — Manahawkin, Barnegat, Whitings (S), Jones' Mill (S), Atsion (S), Taunton (S), Malaga (S), Albion, Cedar Brook, Atco, Landis- ville, Vineland (S), Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City. Cape il/ay.— Cold Spring (OHB). BACCHARIS L. Baccharis halimifolia L. Groundsel Bush. PI. CXXI., Fig. I. Baccharis halimifolia Linnseus, Sp. PI. 860. 1753 [Virginia].— Knieskern 18. — Willis 32. — Britton 141. — Keller and Brown 22)2- Common along the edges of the salt marshes on the coast and up the larger streams. Rarely in the interior. A conspicuous shrub along the thoroughfares and borders of the salt marshes, especially in September, when the seeds are ripe and the bright tufts of silvery white pappus stand out in strong relief against the dark foliage. FL — Late August to late September. Fr. — Late September to late October. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 765 Middle District. — Burlington, Westville. Pine Barrens. — Landisville. Coast Strip. — Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Spring Lake (NB), Seaside Park, Forked River, Waretown, Ship Bottom (L), Cedar Bonnet (L), Absecon, Atlantic City, Ocean City (S), Avalon, Wildwood, Cape May, Dennisville (S), Salem. PLUCHEA Cassini. Flowering and Fruiting Data. — In all the Inulecc — Pluchea, Antennaria, Anaphalis and Gnaphalium — the season noted in- cludes from the beginning of the flowering period to the time of full maturity, when the heads break up, Pluchea foetida (L.). Viscid Marsh Fleabane. Baccharis fwtida Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 86i. 1753 [Virginia]. Pluchea fcetida Britton 141. — Keller and Brown 334. Rare and confined to the lower part of the Cape May peninsula. This southern species was first discovered in the State by Mr. Isaac C. Martindale in the vicinity of Cape May, August 23d, 1877, ^^^ subsequently by Mr. C. F. Parker, July 24th, 1880. It was not collected again until August 11, 1909, when Mr. Stewardson Brown, in company with several other members of the Philadelphia Botanical Club, found a considerable patch of it in a meadow along Dias Creek a mile or more from the bay shore. Fl. and Fr. — ^Full bloom August 11, 1909. Cape May.— Dias Creek, Cape May (NB, CP and P). Pluchea camphorata (L.). Salt Marsh Fleabane. Erigeron camphorata Linnaeus Sp. PI. Ed. 2. 1212. 1763 [Virginia]. Pluchea camphorata Knieskern 18. — Willis 32. — Britton 141. — Keller and Brown 334. Salt marshes along the coast and lower Delaware Bay; common. One of the most generally distributed of our maritime plants. Fl. and Fr. — Late August to late October. Maritime. — Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Pt. Pleasant, Island Heights Jnc, Barnegat Pier, Seaside Park, Forked River, Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City, Ocean City, Avalon, Piermont, Wildwood, Cold Spring (S), Cape May, Dias Creek (S), Dennisville (S). 66 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. ANTENNARIA Gaertner. Antennaria neodioica Greene. Smaller Mouse-ear Everlasting Antennaria neodioica Greene, Pittonia III. 184. 1897 [Stroudsburg and Bush- kill, Pa.]. Frequent in the northern counties, less common and local farther south in the Middle and Coast districts. Fl. and Fr. — Late April to late May. Middle District.— Ddanco, Wenonah, Sewell (S), Quinton, Riddleton, Tomlin, Hainesport, Millville. Coast Strip. — Manahawkin, Cape May. Antennaria neglecta Greene. Field Mouse-ear. Amtennaria neglecta Greene, Pittonia III. 173. 1897 [Washington, D. C.]. Frequent in dry ground in the Northern, Middle and Coast districts. Fl. and Fr. — Mid-April to mid-May. Middle District. — New Egypt, Delanco, Kankora, Medford, Quinton, Rid dieton. Pine Barrens. — Williamstown Jnc. (S). Coctst Strip. — Surf City (L), Manahawkin, Palermo, Cape May. Antennaria piantaginifolia (L.). Plantain-leaved Mouse-ear. PI. CXXL, Fig. 2. Gnaphalium piantaginifolia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 850. 1753 [Virginia]. Antennaria piantaginifolia Knieskern 19. — Britton 141. Frequent in dry ground in the Northern, Middle and Cape May districts. Fl. and Fr. — Late April to late May. Middle District. — Bordentown, Beverly, Medford (S), Mantua, Sewell (S), Swedesboro, Riddleton, Quinton, Bridgeton. Pine Barrens. — Landisville, Palermo. Cape May. — Court House. Antennaria fallax Greene. Tall Mouse-ear. Antennaria fallax Greene, Pittonia III. 321. 1898 [Washington, D. C.]. Occasional in the Middle district in dry, open ground, proba- bly also in the northern counties. Fl. and Fr. — Late April to late May, Middle District. — Bordentown, Hainesport, Woodbury, Millville, Medford, Mantua, Glassboro (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Quinton. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. yd-j Antennaria parlinii Fernald. Parlin's Mouse-ear. Antennaria Parlinii Fernald, Garden and Forrest X. 284. July, 1897 [N. Berwick, Me.]. Frequent or occasional in open woods in the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts. Fl. and Fr. — Late April to late May. Middle District.— M&Aiord. (S), Millville, Sewell (S), Riddleton, Wood- bury Hts. Pine Barrens. — Williamstown Jnc. (S), Albion. Coast Strip. — Waretown, Barnegat, Stafifordville. Cape May. — Court House (S), Bennett, Cape May. ANAPHALIS DC. Anaphaiis margaritacea (L.). Pearly Everlasting. Gnaphaliutn margaritaceiim Linnaeus, Sp. PL 850. 1753 [North America]. Antennaria margaritacea Knieskern 19. Anaphaiis margaritacea Britton 141. Dry ground and clearing-s of the northern counties, occasional southward in all the districts. Fl. and Fr. — Mid-July to late August. Middle District. — Keyport (C), New Egypt, Camden, Jackson, Mickleton, Sv/edesboro, Sandy Hook (C). Coast Strip. — Sandy Hook (C), Long Branch, N. Spring Lake (C), Mana- hawkin, Spray Beach (L), Barnegat City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L). Pine Barrens. — Chatsworth (C), Penbryn (S), Atco (C), Landisville. GNAPHALIUM L. Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. White Everlasting. Gnaphalium obtusifolium Linnseus, Sp. Fl. 851. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsyl- vania].— Britton 142. Gnaphalium polycephalum Knieskern 19. Common in dry open ground throughout the State, especially plentiful along the coast. Fl. and Fr. — Late August to late September, Middle District. — Medford (S), Albion, Washington Park, Mickleton. Pine Barrens. — Speedwell (S), Tuckahoe (S). Coast Strip.—Sandy Hook (T), Ship Bottom (L), Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Avalon. Cape May.— Dennisville (S), Cold Spring (S), Bennett (S). 768 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Low Cud-weed. Gnaphalium uliginosum Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 856. 1753 [Europe]. — Knieskern 19. — Britton 142. Northern and Middle districts ; probably always a weed in our region, where it is only occasionaly found. Fl. and Fr. — Apparently late June into October. Middle District. — Mickleton. Gnaphalium purpureum L. Purplish Cud-weed. Gnaphalium purpureum Linnreus, Sp. PL 854. 1753 [Carolina, Virginia and Pennsylvania]. — Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 105. 1818. — Knieskern 19. — Brit- ton 142 Frequent in dry open sandy ground throughout our region, and ranging north occasionally to Union, Blergen and Morris Counties. Especially common in open sandy tracts about deserted houses, abandoned fields, etc., where it takes on somewhat the character of a weed. Fl. and Fr. — Late May to early July, and sporadically through summer or even into autumn. Middle District. — New Egi'pt (NB), Mantua, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Rid- dleton. Pine Barrens. — Cedar Brook, Winslow Jnc, Quaker Bridge (NB), Landis- ville. Mays Landing (NB), Tuckahoe. Coast Strip. — Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), Beach Haven (L), Stone Harbor, Anglesea. Cape May. — Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). HELIOPSIS Persoon. Heliopsis helianthoides (L.). Ox-eye. Buphthalinum Helianthoides Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 904. 1753 [North America]. Heliopsis Icevis Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 127. 1818. — Knieskern 18. Heliopsis helianthoides Britton 143. — Keller and Brown S3^- Frequent along streams and edges of woods in the northern counties ; rare w^ithin our limits in the Middle district. Fl. — Early July to early September. Middle District. — Ocean and Monmouth Cos. (Kn), Crosswicks (C), Cam- den, Westville. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 769 RUDBECKIA L. Rudbeckia laciniata L. Tall Cone-flower. Rudbeckia laciniata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 906. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Knieskern 18. — Britton 144. Low damip thickets or along" streams ; frequent in the northern counties and less common southward in the Middle district, especially along the Delaware. Fl. — Late July to late September. Middle District.— Monmouth and Ocean Cos. (Kn), New Egypt, Delair, Crosswicks (C), Kaighns Pt., Mickleton, Swedesboro. HELIANTHUS L. Key to the Species. a. Disc purple or brownish. b. Leaves linear. H. angustifolius, p. 769 bb. Leaves broad, ovate. [H. annuus]* aa. Dish yellow or yellowish. h. Leaves prevailingly lanceolate, scabrous at least above. c. Stem scabrous at least above, leaves sessile or nearly so, hirsute beneath. H. giganteus, p. 770 cc. Stem glabrous, leaves sessile by a truncate base. H. divaricatus, p. 770 bb. Leaves prevailingly ovate or oblong. c. Sessile, stem glabrous. H. divaricatus, p. 77'^ cc. Petioled. d. Stem puberulent or glabrous. e. Leaves membranaceous, regularly serrate. H. decapetalus, p. 770 ee. Leaves firmer, less serrate or entire. H. struniosus, p. 771 dd. Stem hispid. [H. tuberostis]f Helianthus angustifolius Linn^us. Narrow-leaved Sunflower. Helianthus angustifolius Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 906. 1753 [Virginia]. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. IL 572. 1814. — Knieskern 18.— Willis 33. — Britton 145. — Keller and Brown 337. Frequent in swamps of the Pine Barrens and Cape May penin- sula, also rarely in "Pine Barren islands" in the Middle district and on the coast. Recorded but once north of our limits, near Trenton. * Common Sunflower, escaped from gardens. t Jerusalem Artichoke, escaped from cultivation. 49 MUS 770 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. This is the most widely distributed Sunflower of the Pines, but always a bog plant, often growing in shallow water. The only other Pine Barren species, H. divaricatus, is a dry ground plant. Fl. — Early August to late September. Middle District. — Griffith's Swamp, Mickleton (C), Swedesboro. Pine Barrens. — Como, Seabright (C), Asbury Park (KB), Pt. Pleasant (KB), Toms River, Island Hts. Jnc, Forked River, Seaside Park, Barnegat, Manahawkin, West Creek (S), Speedwell (S), Parkdale (S), Atsion, Landis- ville (T), Winslow, Quaker Bridge, Pleasant Mills, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Petersburg, Palermo, Mays Landing (S), Millville (KB). Coast Strip. — Barnegat City (L). Cape May.— Comt House (S), Bennett, Cape May Pt. (S). Helianthus giganteus L. Tall Sunflower. Helianthus gigantcits Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 905. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Britton 145. H. giganteus var. ambiguus Britton 145. Frequent in open s\\an'ipy ground of the Northern and Mid- dle districts and especially along the coast southward to Cape May. Fl. — Early August to late September. Middle District. — Lindenwold, Mickleton (NB), Swedesboro. Coast Strip.—Suri City (L), Cedar Bonnet (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S). Helianthus divaricatus L. Rough Wood Sunflower. Helianthus divaricatus Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 906. 1753 [North America].— Knieskern 18. — Britton 145. Frequent in dry woods or clearings in the Northern and Mid- dle districts, occasionally or locally common in the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula. Fl. — Mid-July to early September. Middle District. — New Egypt, Camden, Lindenwold, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens.— Fen Bryn (S), lona (S), Berlin (S), Landisville (T), Hammonton (T), Weymouth (T). Cape May. — Cape May. Helianthus decapetalus Linn. Thin-leaved Sunflower. Helianthus decapetalus Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 905- 1753 [Canada].— Barton, Fl. Phila. H. 129. 1818.— Britton I45- PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 771 Edges of rich woodland ; frequent in the northern counties and occasional within our limits in the upper Middle district. Fl. — Late July to early September. Middle District.— New Egypt, Riverton (C), MuUica Hill (C), South of Woodstown. Helianthus strumosus Linn. Paie-leaved Sunflower. Helianthus strumosus Linnaeus, Sp. PL 905. 1753 [Canada]. — Britton 145. Dry woods ; freciuent in the northern counties and occasional southward in the Middle district. Fl. — Mid-August to late September. Middle District.— Keyport (C), New Egypt, Locust Grove (S), Camden (P), Blackwood, Mickleton (C), Atco (C). VERBESINA L. Verbesina alternifolia (L.), Actinomeris. Coreopsis alternifolia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 909. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. Actinomeris alternifolia Britton 145. Verbesina alternifolia Keller and Brown 338. In part introduced, but probably rarely native along the Dela- ware River, where it occurs locally and where it reaches the northern limit of its range in the east. No specimen seen. Fl. — Early August to late September, probably. Middle District.— Bdow Burlington (C), Kaighns Pt. (KB). COREOPSIS L. Coreopsis rosea Nutt. Rose-colored Tickseed. Coreopsis rosea Nuttall, Gen. IL 179. 1818 [New Jersey to Georgia]. — Britton 146. — Keller and Brown 338. Sandy swamps of the Pine Barrens ; local, also in a few similar situations in the Middle district. FL — Early July to early September. Middle District.— 'Preehold (C), Burlington, Florenct, Delanco, Clayton (NB). Pine Barrens. — Forked River, Brown's Mills, Franklinville (P), Willow Grove (S), Vineland (C), Main Road Sta., Atco., Hammonton (KB), Egg Harbor City. yy2 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. BIDENS L. Key to the Species. a. Leaves lanceolate, serrate, undivided. b. Rays large and conspicuous, twice as long as the disc or longer. B. Icevis, p. 772 bb. Rays not more than twice as long as the disc; very short or wanting. c. Heads nodding after flowering. B. cernua, p. 772 cc. Heads always erect. d. Pappus awns downwardly barbed. B. connata, p. 773 dd. Pappus awns upwardly barbed. B. bidentoides, p. 77Z aa. Leaves, some or all of them, pinnately 1-3 parted. b. Rays rudimentary or wanting. c. Achenes flat. d. Outer involucral bracts 4-8 mm. ; achenes nearly black. B. frondosa, p. 772 dd. Outer bracts 10-16 mm. ; achenes brown. B. vulgata, p. 773 cc. Achenes linear. B. bipinnata, p. 774 bb. Rays large and conspicuous. c. Segments of the leaves lanceolate. B. trichosperma, p. 774 cc. Segments of the leaves linear lanceolate. B. trichosperma tenuiloba, p. 774 Bidens laevis (L.). Large Bur-Marigold. Helianthus laruis Linnseus, Sp. PI. 906. 1753 [Virginia]. Bidens Icevis Britton 147. Bidens clirysanthemoides Knieskem 19. Swamps, especially bordering rivers and large streams. Mid- dle and Cape May districts, frequent, also in the northern coun- ties and occasional on the coast. A particularly characteristic plant of the Delaware river shores and tidal marshes, its large flowers closely resembling those of Helianthus or Rudheckia. Fl. and Fr. — Mid- August into October. Middle District.— Belah, Fish House, Washington Park, W. Deptford, Center Square, Cooper's Creek, Swedesboro. Coast Strip. — Tuckahoe (S), Five-Mile Beach. Cape May. — Cape May. Bidens cernua L. Nodding Bur-iVlarigold. Bidens cernua Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 832. 1753 [Europe]. — Britton 147. Wet, open swamps ; frequent in the northern counties and ap- parently rare southward in the Middle district. Fl. and Fr. — Mid-August into October. Middle District.— Nevf Egypt, Pemberton (C), Swimming River (C), Med- ford (S). PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 773 Bidens connata Muhl. Purple-stemmed Beggar-ticks. Bidens connata "Muhlenberg" Willdenow, Sp. PI. III. 1718. 1804 [North America]. — Knieskern 19. — Britton 147. Common in swamps throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula, though it will probably be found in the latter district. Fl. and Fr. — ^Early September into October. Middle District. — Delanco (S), Washington Park (S), Swedesboro. Coastal Strip.—Sea Girt, Seaside Park (S), Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Palermo. Pine Barrens. — Landisville, Egg Harbor City (introduced ?). Bidens bidentoides (Nutt). Swamp Beggar-ticks. Diodonta bidentoides Nuttall, Tr. Amer. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7:361. 1841 [Vicinity of Philadelphia]. Coreopsis bidentoides Britton 146. Bidens bidentoides Keller and Brown 339. Muddy shores of the Delaware River and Bay from Borden- town southward and up the tidewater streams of southwestern New Jersey, also occurs up the Susquehanna to Havre de Grace. Fl. and Fr. — Early September into October. Middle District.— BovAe.nto\\n, Delair, Fish House, Camden, Westville, Washington Park, Bridgeport (C), Salem Co. on the Delaware (C), Mill- ville. Bidens fondosa L. Black Beggar-ticks. Bidens frondosa Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 832. 1753 [North America].— Knieskern 18. — Britton 146. Damp situations ; frequent in the northern counties and south- ward in the Middle and Coast districts. Fl. and Fr. — Early September into October. Middle District.— New Egypt, Fish House fS), Delanco (S), Lawnside (S). Coast Strip.—Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Five-Mile Beach. Bidens vulgata Greene. Tall Beggar-ticks. Bidens vulgata Greene, Pittonia IV, 72. 1899 [E. and Middle States]. Probably common in the northern counties, but only one record within our limits, though it no doubt occurs elsewhere. Fl. and Fr. — Early September into October. Pine Barrens? — Landisville (introduced). 774 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Bidens bipinnata L. Spanish Needles. Bidens bipinnata Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 832. 1753 [Virginia]. — Britton 147. In damp soil and as a weed in cultivated and waste ground; frequent in the Northern and Middle districts, and occasional on the coast. Fl. and Fr. — Mid- August into October. A'liddlc District. — New Egypt, Florence Heights, Fancy Hill, Washington Park. Coast Strip.— BsLvnegat City (L), Atlantic City (S). Pine Barrens. — Pleasant Mills (introduced). Bidens trichosperma (Michx.). Tick-seed Sunflower. Coreopsis trichosperma Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. 11. 139. 1803 [Upper Caro- lina].—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. H. 568. 1814.— Britton 146. Bidens trichosperma Keller and Brown 339. Swamps ; common in the Middle Coast and Cape May districts and at a few stations in Sussex, Morris, Bergen, Hudson and Mercer counties north of our limits. Fl. and Fr. — Late August into October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Hartford, Burlington, Delanco (S), Had- donfield, Springdale (S), Lawnside (S), Washington Park, W. Deptford, Camden, Swedesboro, Salem (S). Coast Strip. — Forked River, Seaside Park, Manahawkin, Beach Haven (L) Mouth of Batsto, Mays Landing (S), Palermo. Cape May. — Dennisville (S), Cold Spring (S). Bidens trichosperma tenuiloba (Gray). Slender-leaved Tick-seed Sun- flower. Coreopsis trichosperma var. tenuiloba Gray, Syn. Fl. L pt. 2. 295. 1884 [Peat Bogs of Indiana and Illinois]. Bidens trichosperma tenuiloba. — Keller and Brown 340. Swamps of the Pine Barrens and Coast Strip frequent. Fl. and Fr. — Late August into October. Pine Barrens. — Forked River, Atsion (S), Parkdale (S), Atco, Kenilworth (S), Jackson, Hammonton (S), Landisville, Downstown. Coast Strip. — Seaside Park, W. Creek (S), Manahawkin, Palermo (S), Piermont (S), Ocean View (S). Cape May. — So. Seaville, Cold Spring, Cape May. HELENIUM L. Helenium autumnale L. Sneezeweed. Helenium autumnale Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 886. 1753 [North America]. — Britton 147. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 775 Swamps and river banks; frequent in the northern counties and down the coast to Cape May; less common in the Middle district, mainly restricted to the vicinity of the Delaware River. The distribution of this plant is one of the most striking examples of the extension of the range of certain boreal species down both sides of the State, which are entirely absent from the central portion. On the west it follows the river all the way to Salem, never straying from its immediate vicinity except to follow up some tributar3% while on the east it is plentiful along the narrow coastal strip and outlying islands all the way tO' Cape May and up the rivers to the head of tidewater. On the Dela- ware we are accustomed to regard such occurrences as the result of seed washed down fromi higher up, but no such theory will answer for the coastal strip, and it may be that its presence there is due to some earlier geological phenomenon. Certain it is that the cold waters from melting glacial ice must have made favor- able conditions for a boreal flora both along the Delaware and the coast, but it is presumptuous, perhaps, to claim any direct relationship between this and present plant distribution. Fl. — Mid-August to mid-September. Middle District. — Fish House, Kaighns Pt., Coopers Creek, Washington Park, Center Square, Swedesboro, Pennsgrove, Salem (S). Coast Strip. — Toms River, Forked River, West Creek (S), Barnegat City (L), Peahala (L), Absecon (S), Atlantic City (S), Crowleytown, Pleasant Mills (T), Baesley's Pt. (S), Palermo, Seaville (S), Mays Landing, Sea Isle City (S). Cape May.— Cold Spring (S). ARTEMISIA L. Artemisia caudata Michx. Wild Wormwood. Artemesia caudata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 129. 1803 [Missouri River]. — Nuttall, Gen. II. 144. 1818.— Knieskern 19.— Willis 34.— Britton 148. — Keller and Brown 341. Reported locally fromi Middlesex to Cumberland counties in the Middle district but apparently rare, as recent collectors have not found it. It is frequent, however, about Manasquan and Point Pleasant, and is reported from Sandy Hook. The state- ments of Britton and of Keller and Brown, to the effect that it is frequent in the Pine Barrens seem to be incorrect, as there are no 776 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. records to substantiate themi. The plant, moreover, does not occur on the sea beaches south of Point Pleasant so far as I can ascertain, though Nuttall recorded it from "Islands of Egg Harbor." Fl. — Late July to late August. Middle District. — Keyport (C), Shark River (P), Burlington, Beverly, Pemberton (P), Mt. Holly (C), Berkeley, Two miles from Mickleton, Wood- bury, Bridgeton (P). Coast Strip. — Sandy Hook, Manasquan, Pt. Pleasant (S). ERECHTITES Rafinesque. Erechtites hieracifolia (L.). White Fireweed. Senecio hieracifolia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 866. 1753 [North America]. Erechtites hieracifolia Knieskern 19. — Britton 149. In low grounds, and as a weed in clearings ; frequent through- out the State, but original distribution not now ascertainable. Apparently not native in the Pine Barrens. Fl. — Late July into September. MESADENIA Rafinesque. IViesadenia reniformis (Muhl.). Great Indian Plantain. Cacalia reniformis "Mulhenberg" Willdenow, Sp. PI. HI. 1735. 1804 [Penn- sylvania].— Britton 150. Mesadenia reniformis Keller and Brown 342. Only recorded from the vicinity of Camden on the Delaware. Fl. — Probably late June to mid-July. Middle District. — Camden. IViesadenia atriplicifolia (L.). Pale Indian Plantain. Cacalia atriplicifolia Linnseus, Sp. PI. 835 [Virginia and Canada]. — Britton 150. Locally on the edges of woods in the Middle district and northward along the Delaware. Fl. — Mid- July to late August. Middle District.— Wateriord (NB), New Egypt, Riverton, Palmyra (NB), Haddonfield (P), Locust Grove (S), Kaighns Pt., Blackwood, Swedesboro. SYNOSMA Rafinesque. Synosma suaveolans (L.). Sweet-scented Indian Plantain. Cacalia suaveolans Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 835 [Virginia and Canada]. — Willis 34- Britton 150. Synosma suaveolans Keller and Brown 342. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. yyy Reported only from Trenton and Freehold in Britton's Cata- logue. No specimens seen f romi our region. SENECIO L. Senecio tomentosus Michx. Woolly Squaw-weed. Senecio tomentosus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 119. 1803 [Flat Rpck, Carolina]. — Britton 150. — Keller and Brown 343. Low swampy ground near the coast miarshes, mainly of Cape May County, north on the Atlantic side to West Creek and on the bay side tO' Dias Creek. The discovery of this species in New Jersey seems to date fromi June 4, 1882, when the late Isaac Burk found it at Cape May Point. Curiously enough, it was obtained on June 30 of the same year by Mr. Albert Commons at Ocean View. Fl. — Early May to early June. Coast Strip.— West Creek, Ocean View (NB), Cold Spring, Cape May, Cape May Pt, Green Creek, Dias Creek. Pine Barrens. — Landisville (T), Egg Harbor City (KB), Friendship (T), all apparently introductions from the coast. Senecio crawfordii Britton. Crawford's Squaw-weed. Senecio Crawfordii Britton, Torreya I. 21. [Tullytown, Pa.]. — Keller and Brown 343. fSenecio aureus obovatus Britton 150. Damp meadows or bogs in the Middle district, near to the Delaware River, local and not common. There is a specimen of this plant in the Philadelphia Academy herbarium collected by Read many years ago, labelled "S. heterophylla, N. J." It seems likely also that Parker's record of "S. obovatus" from "River swamp, Camden Co.," refers to this form. I doubt if it has any close affinity with S. halsamitce as claimed by some recent writers.* Pi. — Early May to early June. Middle District. — Between Orchard and Springdale (S). Senecio aureus L. Golden Ragwort or Squaw-weed. Senecio aureus Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 870. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — Britton ISO. Cf. Rhodora 1908, p. 69. 778 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Frequent in low, usually open ground, in the Northern and Middle districts and rare in the lower Cape May peninsula. Fl. — Early May to early June. Middle District.— New Egypt, Delair, Birmingham (C), Camden (P), Haddonfield (S). Lindenwold (S), Glassboro, Atco (C), Washington Park, Mickleton, Swedesboro. Pine Barrens? — Cedar Lake (C). Cape May.— Cold Spring (OHB). CARDUUS L. Key to the Species. a. Bracts of the invohicre more or less strongly prickly pointed. b. Leaves tomentoiis beneath. c. All the bracts prickly pointed. [C. lanceolatusY cc. Outer bracts only, prickly pointed. C. discolor, p. 778 bb. Leaves green on both sides. C pumilus, p. 778 aa. Bracts not at all prickly pointed or scarcely so. b. Heads large, few, 30-100 mm. broad. c. Heads closely subtended by the upper very spiny leaves, flowers usually yellow. C. spinosissimus, p. 779 cc. Heads peduncled, naked, flowers purple, involucre viscid. C. mutictis, p. 779 bb. Heads small, numerous, 25 mm. broad or less. [C arvensisY Carduus discolor (Muhl.). Field Thistle. Cnicus discolor "Muhlenberg" Willdenow, Sp. PI. HL 1670. 1804 [North America].— Barton, Fl. Phila. H. 95. 1818.— Nuttall Gen. H. 1230. 1818. Cnicus altissimus Britton 151. Cirsium altissimum Knieskern 19. Common in swamps and meadows in the northern counties and rather frequent down the Coast Strip to Cape May, and locally in the Middle district. Fl. — Mid-August to late September, occasionally into October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Lawnside (S), Riddleton. Coast Strip.— West Creek (S), Palermo, Seaville (S), Cold Spring (S). Carduus pumilus (Nutt.). Pasture Thistle. Cnicus pumilus Nuttall, Gen. II. 130. 1818 [New Jersey and New York]. Cnicus odoratus Barton, Fl. Phila. H. 95. 1818. — Britton 151. ^ Common Thistle a familiar weed. ' Canada Thistle a bad weed, occurring in waste ground or locally in fields. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 779 In meadows frequent northward and occasional southward in the Middle district. Pi. — Late June to late July. Middle District.— 'New Egypt (NB), Burlington, Fairton (S). Pine Barrens. — Landisville (T), (introduced?). Carduus spinosissimus Walt. Yellow Thistle. Carduus spinosissimus Walter, Fl. Car. 194. 1788 [Carolina].— Keller and Brown 344. Cnicus horridulus Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 95. 1818. Cirsium horridulum Knieskern 19. — Willis 35. Cnicus spinosissimus Britton 151. Frequent in open swamps of the Middle district and along the edge of the coast marshes south to Cape May. Fl. — Mid-May to late June. Middle District. — Farmingdale, New Egypt, Burlington, Pemberton (C), Moorestown (KB), Grenloch, Lindenwold (S), Sewell (S), Clementon (KB), Mickleton (KB), Swedesboro, Buckshutem (S). Coast Strip.— Ft. Pleasant, Seaside Park (KB), Forked River, Mana- hawkin, Tuckerton, Beach Haven (L), Spray Beach (L), Beach Haven Crest (L), Absecon (KB), Atlantic City (KB), Piermont (S), Wildwood, Cold Spring, Cape May (KB). Carduus muticus (Michx.). Glutinous Thistle. Cirsium muticum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 89. 1803 [Mountains of Caro- lina]. Cnicus muticus Britton 151. Carduus muticus Keller and Brown 345. Frequent in swamps in the nortliern counties, less common southw^ard in the Middle and Coast districts. Fl. — Mid-August to late September, occasionally into October. Middle District. — New Egypt, Springdale (S), Lindenwold, MuUica Hill (C), Mickleton, Woodstown (KB), Swedesboro. Coast Strip. — Forked River (KB), Cape May Court House, Cold Spring, Cape May (OHB). BIBLIOGRAPHY. It is a difficult matter to trace the original discoverer of a given species of plant. We generally credit the man who is the author of the specific name which the plant bears, but there is frequently an earlier writer who described the plant under a vernacular name or a technical name already in use, or made some other nomenclatural blunder which invalidated his name and often cast his discovery into oblivion. Again there is the actual discoverer of the plant, who may have sent it to the author with explanations as to its probable relationships, and back of him, perhaps, is the backwoodsman who has long known the plant by a vernacular name of his own, but who never heard of scientific nomenclature or the importance of publication. For practical purposes we are usually forced to- follow custom and consider the author of the name as the discoverer of the plant. Examining the preceding pages we find that Linnaeus* was acquainted with no less than 570 of the species here treated. He never visited America, but acquired his knowledge of our plants fromi the collections or publications of Dillenius, Gronovius, Plu- kenet, Catesby, Kalm, Golden, etc., and to living plants grown in European botanic gardens. Being the originator of the binomial system of nomenclature, his specific names are the earliest, and are, therefore, still in use for all the plants known to him, although most of his genera have since been subdivided. Many of the New Jersey plants that bear his names are boreal species, known also from Europe ; but the large number of truly Ameri- can Goastal Plain plants which he named shows how thorough was the work of the early botanists who traveled in this region. Comparatively few of these plants were discovered in New Jersey, most of them, being described from Virginia or Garolina. * Cf. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Garden, June, 1907, for sketch of Linnaeus and his relation to American botanv, by P. A. Rydberg. (781) 782 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. John Bartram, however, transmitted quite a number of speci- mens to Linnaeus, which, although usually credited to Pennsyl- vania, must have come from across the Delaware in New Jersey. The first American botanist to name and describe additional species on the plan established by Linnaeus was Thomas Walter,* Avho, in 1788, published a volume on the Plants of Carolina, in which appear forty New Jersey species with which Linuceus was unacquainted. After him came Andre Michaux,t the French botanist, who, after Linnaeus, was the author of the largest number of our New Jersey plant names. Michaux traveled widely in America, and in his Flora (1803) are published 117 species of New Jersey plants unknown to Linnaeus or Walter. Apparently none of these, however, was discovered within our limits. Rev. Henry Muhlenberg, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, probably the most learned American botanist of his time, is authority for 42 of the species mentioned in the preceding pages. These were mainly published in a posthumous work on Grasses and Sedges or in Willdenow's Species Plantarum, from specimens sent him by Muhlenberg. The latter published a Catalogue of North Ameri- can Plants in 181 3, but as descriptions are lacking and as death prevented him from publishing the full descriptive work that he had contemplated, most of the names here proposed rest as mere nomina nuda, with no place in scientific nomenclature. Of the early botanists who did more or less actual collecting in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, P'ursh is responsible for 33 of our species; Nuttall for 29; Rafinesque for 17 and Torrey (sometimes in conjunction with Gray) for 37. Only 100 of the 1401J species listed in the foregoing pages were originally described from southern New Jersey, which emphasizes the fact that most of the early American botanical works were based upon collections made in other States — espe- cially in Virginia and the Carolinas. Furthermore, although many botanists have explored the New Jersey Pine Barrens in subse- quent years and many collections have been made, there has *Cf. Brainerd Bull. Charleston (S. C.) Mus. III. 33, for biography. t Cf. Bot. Gazette VIII, 187 for biography. t Cf. Bottom of p. 806. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 783 been comparatively little published concerning the plant life of the region. The following bibliography, while it does not profess to be complete, contains most of the publications which deal exclusively or mainly with the plants of this region. Various general works and papers, many of which are cited in synonymy or foot notes on the preceding pages, and a few of which are included here, also contain matter relative to the flora of South- ern New Jersey. 1753-61. Kalm, Peter.* En Risa til Norra America. Stock- holm, III Vols., 484 pps. Kalm spent some time at Philadelphia and at the Swedish settlements on the New Jersey side of the Delaware some miles below. Among the plants that he submitted to Linnaeus on his return to Sweden were a number from this vicinity. 1813. Muhlenberg. Henry, D.D.f Catalogus Plantarum Americse Septentrionalis hue usque Cognitarum Indigena- run et Cicurum; or a Catalogue of the Hitherto Known Native and Naturalized Plants of North America, arranged according to the Sexual System of Linnaeus, pp. I-IV + i — ^112. Lancaster, Pa., 1813. Contains southern New Jersey species, but in the absence of descrip- tions the names have no application. 1817. MuHEENBERG, Henry, D.D. Descriptio Uberior Gram- inum et Plantarum Calamiarum Americae Septentrionalis Indigenarum et Cicurum. pp. i-ii + 1-295. Philadelphia, 1817. A posthumous work comprising the grasses and sedges of a pro- posed flora of North America, of which the Catalogue 1813 was a pre- liminary outline. 1814. PuRSH, Frederick.! Flora Americae Septentrionalis; or a Systematic Arrangement and Description of the Plants of North America. London, 2 Vols., pp. I-XXXVI + 1-75 1, 24 plates. * Cf. Darlington, Memorials of Bartram and Marshall, p. 367, 1849, for biographical sketch. t Cf. Pop. Sci. Mo. XLV 689. t Cf. Bot. Gazette VII, 141 for biography. 784 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. A classic work, in which the flora of southern New Jersey figured not a little, as Pursh was located at Philadelphia 1802-1805, and ap- parently spent a good deal of time in exploring the wilds of New Jersey. 1818. NuTTALiv, Thomas. t The Genera of North American plants, and a Catalogue of the Species to the Year 181 7. Philadelphia, 2 Vols., I. i-viii + 1-312. II. 1-254. Nuttall was in Philadelphia 1809-1818, and many of the new species described in his classic work were discovered on his numerous trips through southern New Jersey. 1818. Barton, Wiluam P. C.i Compendium Florae Philadel- phicae, containing a description of the indigenous and naturalized plants found within a circuit of ten miles around Philadelphia. Philadelphia, 2 vols. 1-25 1, 1-234 pp. This is the first local flora covering any part of our region. It in- cluded the shores of the Delaware from Paulsboro to Delanco, and inland as far as Moorestown and Blackwood. This work has been freely consulted in the following pages, and synonymy cited wherever New Jersey is explicitly mentioned. 1819. ToRREY, JoHN.§ A Catalogue of Plants growing spon- taneously within thirty miles of the city of New York. Al- bany, N. Y., pp. i-ioo. Exact localities are not often mentioned in this work, and most state- ments of distribution are so broad that it is not always clear whether a species of rather general distribution occurs both in New Jersey and New York or only in the latter. More explicit information is in many cases to be found in the author's later Flora of the United States, 1824, Vol. I (all published). 1828. Conrad, Solomon W.* Description of a new species of Juncus. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI: 105. /. viviparus = /. pelocarpus. * Cf. Pop. Sci. Mo. XLVII, p. 257 for biography. t Cf. Pop. Sci. Mo. XLVI, p. 689, 1895, for biography. X Cf. Harshburger, Botanists of Phila., 159, for biography. § Cf. Bot. Gazette VIII, 165, for biography. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 785 1856. KnieskErn^ p. D. Ai Catalogue of Plants growing- without cultivation in the Counties of Monmouth and Ocean. Ann. Rept. N. J. Geol. Survey, 1856. Also reprinted as a pamphlet Trenton, N. J., 1857, pp. 1-41. This is the most important paper on the Pine Barren flora that was published up to the time of Britton's Catalogue. It is cited in synonymy throughout the present work, the page references being those of the reprint. Dr. Knieskern lived at Manchester, now Lakehurst, and was undoubtedly better informed on the flora of that vicinity than any man of his time. A few species, however, which he included from the upper part of Monmouth County, have not since been collected there, and were probably based upon misidentifications. i860. Darrach, James. Plants appearing in Flower in the Neighborhood of Philadelphia. February-April, p. 145; May, p. 199; June, p. 302; July-October, 511. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., i860. 1869. Redfieed, John H.* Note on the First Discovery of Schizaea pnsilla. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869. 13. 1869. Redfield^ John H. Search for Corema Conradii in Monmouth County, N. J. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869. 91- Also Amer. Nat. III., 327. . M[artindaee], I. C. To the Lovers of Nature's Beau- ties. Apparently a reprinted broadside from a newspaper, describing briefly the flora to be seen along the Camden and Atlantic R. R. 1871. Haee, I. H. [Helonias and other plants at Atco, N. J.] Torr. Bull. II. 31. III. 25 and 32. 1873. Haee, I. H. [Rose-colored Water Lilies near Atsion. N. J.] Torr. Bull. IV. 8. 1874. Willis, O. R., Ph. D.f Catalogue of Plants growing without cultivation in the State of New Jersey. New York, pp. i-xxi -f 1-7 1. Revised edition, same title. New York 1878, pp. i-xxviii + 1-88. * Cf. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XX., 162, for biography, t Cf. Torreya II., 80, 1902, for Biographical Notice. 50 MUS 786 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. A list with few exact localities, generally referring broadly to the northern, middle or southern counties in stating distribution. All species referred to the last category are included in the synonymy of the present work, page reference being to the revised edition. Some very doubtful records originate in this list which have not been verified, and, so far as our territory is concerned, it contains few additions to the list of Dr. Knieskern. 1876. REDifiEUD, J. H. Torrey's first trip to the Pines. Torr. Bull VI. 82-^3. 1876. MartindaIvE, I. C* Opuntia vulgaris at Haddonfield, N. T. Torr. Bull. VI. 105 and 116. 1879. RuSBY, H. H. Aletris aurea ? near Altsion, N. J. Torr. Bull. VI., 289. 1880. BriTTOn, N. L. On the Northern Extension of the New Jersey Pine Barren Flora on Long- and Staten Islands. Torr. Bull. VII. 81, also VIII. 48, VII. 98. 1880. Brown^ Addison. Notes on the New Jersey Flora, Torr. BuIl.VU. 115. 1881. Britton, N. L. Notes on the Middlesex County, New Jersey, Flora. Torr. Bull. VIII. 7. 1880. Martindale, I. C. Notes on the Bartram Oak QuerciLS Heterophylla Michx. Privately printed, pp. 1-24. 1881. BriTTon, N. L. List of New Jersey Floras and Lists. Torr. Bull. VIII. 81. 1881. Porter, T. C.f Helonias at Dover, Morris County. Torr. Bull. VIII. 91. I * Cf . Torr. Bot. Club, XX., 98, for biography. t Cf. Harshbc^rger Botanists of Philadelphia and their work, p. 236, for biography. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 787 1881. Britton^ N. L. a Preliminary Catalogue of the Flora of New Jersey — New Brunswick, N. J. pp. 1-233. Merely preliminary to the Catalogue of 1884. Printed on one side of the paper for the purpose of reporting information for the later work. 1884. Gross, C. A. Notes on New Jersey Plants. Torr. Bull XL, p. 32. 1884. Britton, N. L. Range of Phorodendron in New Jersey. Torr. Bull. XL, yy, also S. Lockwood, p. 87. 1884. RedFiELD, J. H. Corema conradii and its Localities. Torr. Bull. XL, 97, also XH, 93. and XI, 117. 1886. LiGHTHiPE, L. H. Nbtes on the !New Jersey Flora. Torr. Bull. XIIL 4. 1888. NorThrup, J. L Helonias at Bridgeton. Torr. Bull. XV., 175. 1888. Britton, N. L. Plants at Seabright, New Jersey. Torr. Bull. XV, 193. 1889. Britton, N. L. Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Final Report of the State Geologist, Vol. II, pt. i. Trenton, pp. 1-642. A carefully compiled work, with exact localities and authorities for all the rarer or restricted species. This Catalogue and the List of Keller and Brown served as a basis for the present work. Many of the records given are substantiated by specimens in the State Herbarium at New Brunswick, but by no means all, and Dr. Britton informs me that certain data submitted to the Geological Survey were incorporated at the request of the authorities without any specimens having been seen. So, also, records submitted by botanists of recognized standing were often included simply upon their authority. For the present work the effort has been made to verify all such records by the examination of an actual specimen, but there was not time to complete the work. The State Herbarium, and those of C. E. Smith, C. F. Parker, Benj. Herit- age, I. C. Martindale, Isaac Burk, F. L. Bassett, Dr. Jos. Stokes, C. A. Gross and the Torrey Botanical Club have been consulted and many other records substantiated by subsequent collections in the Philadel- phia Academy Herbarium. The records unverified are few and usually unimportant. They are marked (C) in the lists of localities. Dr. Brit- ton's catalogue is quoted throughout in the synonymy. 788 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 1889. RedFiEld, J. H. Corema in New Jersey. Ton. Bull. XVI, 193. 1888. Britton_, N. L. Viola tenella at Bridgeton, New Jersey, Torr. Bull. XV, 176. 1889. RedFikld, John H. Rediscovery of Corema Conradii in Monmouth County, New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Set. Philadelphia, 1889. 135. 1890. Britton^ N. L. Nymphaea odorata rosea at Cape May. Torr. Bull. XVII, 121. 1890. Smith, J. B. Cranberry Culture in New Jersey. Gar- den and Forest. 1890, 535. 1890-1897. Treat, Mary. A series of popular accounts of the Pine Barren Flora about Vineland, New Jersey, at various seasons. Garden and Forest. III. 442, 463, 524, 534, 546. IV. 14, 188, 351. V. 220, 292, 363, 400, 435, 567. VL 141, 314, 382, 443. VII. 102, 142, 212, 245, 302, 458, 482. VIII. 3, 103, 203, 262, 362, 452, 492. IX. 332, 412. X. 313, 4111, 471. These short sketches are marred by a certain amount of error in identification and by a lack of clearness as to just which plants are wild and which are growing in a wild garden, transplanted from elsewhere. Such plants, also, as Thuja occidentalis, Daliharda repens, Coreopsis grandiftora, Gerardia aitriculata, Smilax tamnoides and Nyssa aquatica are casually mentioned as familiar Pine Barren species, none of which are known from the region. Certain other species are referred to in a way that would lead one to think they occurred near Vineland, while, in reality, they are found only on the coast or in West Jersey, not in the Pines. 1892. Harshberger, J. W. Flora of the Bamegat Peninsula Garden and Forest. 1892, 45. 1893. Peters, John E. Notes on the Flora of Southern New Jersey. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XX, 294, 295. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 789 1897. BiERRY, E. W. The Pine Barren Plants of New Jersey. Asa Gray Bull. V., No. 2 and No. 5. 1898. Saunders, C. F. Some Pine Barren Carices. Asa Gray Bull. VI., No. 2. 1899. Vermhule, C. C. The Pine Belt of Southern New Jersey. Ann. Rept. State Geo!. 1898. 185-193. 1900. Vermeule, C. C. and Pinchot, Gieeord. The Forests of New Jersey. Report on Forests, Ann. Rept. State Geol. 1899, 13-^172. 1900. Harshberger, J. W. An Ecological Study of the New Jersey Strand Flora. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 1900. pp. 6231-671. A number of the records contained in this paper are based upon misidentifications, while others from Cape May are not strand plants at all, the name having been used by the collectors to cover the country north of Cape May City, which is very different from the beach and salt meadows. The same is true of other localities as well. 1900. jHoi^ucK, Arthur. Relation between Forestry and Gieology. Report on Forests, Ann. Rept. State Geol. 1899. 175-201. 1900. Gieeord, John. Forestal Conditions and Silvicultural Prospects of the Coastal Plain of New Jersey. Report on Forests, Ann. Rept. State Geol. 1899. 235-327. 1900. Saunders, C. F. The Pine Barrens of New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1900. pp. 544-549. 1901. JEEEETT, E. C. The Woodstown Lilies. Ainer. Botanist. 190. 1902. HarshbergeR,, J. W. Additional Observations on the Strand Flora of New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1902. . 642-^669. 790 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 1902. Berry, E. W. Notes on the Local Flora. Torreya II. 103. 1903. Kaufman, P. Gleanings from Sea and Mountain (Ocean Grove and Avon). Ainer. Botanist 1903. 85-86. 1903. LiGHTHiPE, L. H. Flora of the Pine B(arrens of New Jersey. Torreya III. 79. 1903. HarshbergEr, J. W. Forest Growth at Wildwood, New Jersey. Forest Leaves IX. 40. 1903. Stone, W. Arisaema pusilkim in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Torreya 1903, p. 171. 1903. Robinson, B. L. A Hitherto Undescribed Pipewort from New Jersey. Rhodora V. 175. 1904. HarshbERGEr, J. W. The Comparative Age of the Different Floristic Elements of Eastern North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Set. Phila. 1904, 601-615. 1905. Harper, R. M. Genus Xyris. Torreya V. 128. 1905. Keller, Ida A. and Brown, Stewardson. Handbook of the Flora of Philadelphia and Vicinity. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. i-viii and 1-360. This work follows the plan of Britton's Catalogue and, so far as the New Jersey counties are concerned, is primarily based upon it with the addition of much valuable data furnished by members of the Philadelphia Botanical Club. Most of this is substantiated by speci- mens in the Club Herbarium. These I have examined and in addition have consulted the Herbaria of Stewardson Brown, Joseph Crawford, Thos. S. Githens, John W. Harshberger, Ida A. Keller, M. and A. Leeds, Chas. D. Lippincott, Benj. Heritage, Alex. McElwee, Benj. H. Smith, Chas. S. Williamson and Witmer Stone, so that only a few records originating in this work remain unverified. These are marked (KB) in the lists of localities under the various species, while records that have been found to be based upon misidentifications are referred to in foot-notes. PLANTS OP SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 791 1907. Harper^ R. M. Centers of Distribution of Coastal Plain Plants. Torreya VII. 42. 1907. Mackenzie, K. K. Range of Vacinium virgatum. Torreya VII. 1907. ' • The Pine Barrens of New Jersey (re- print from New York Tribune). Amer. Botanist 1907, 103-108. 1907. Stone, W. The Life Areas of Southern New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1907, 452-459. 1907. Mackenzie, K. K. The Pine Barren Bellwort. Tor- reya VII. 13. 1907. Long, Bayard. Gymnandeniopsis nivea in New Jersey. Torreya, VII. 16. 1907. Stone, Wither. Rynchospora rc^riflora in New Jersey, Torreya, VII. 16. 1908. Kaueman, P. The Pine Barrens of Lakehurst, New Jersey. American Botanist, 1908, 104-106. 1908. Harper, R. M. Pine Barrens of Long Island. Torreya VIII. I. 1908. Stone, W. Recent Additions to our Knowledge of the Flora of Southern New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1908, 457-459- 1909. Bartram, E. B. An Interesting Addition to the Flora of New Jersey. Bassia hirsuta (L.). Rhodora XI. p. 121. 1909. Brown, O. H. [Some Cape May Records.] Bartonia L25. 792 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 1909. Crawford, J. Some Saiid Dune Plants from Longport, New Jersey. Bartonia I. 18-19. 1909. HarshbergEr, J. W. The Vegetation of the Salt Marshes and of the Salt and Fresh Water Ponds of North- ern Coastal New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1909, 373-400. 1909. Harshberger, J. W. The Comparative Leaf Structure of the Strand Plants of New Jersey. Proc. Amer. Phila. Soc. XLVIII. 1909. 72-88. 1909. Mackenzie^ K. K. Notes on Sagittaria. Torreya IX. 30- 1909. Stone, W. The Coastal Strip of N]ew Jersey and the Rediscovery of Lilaeopsis. Bartonia I. 20-24. 1909. Tayeor, Norman. Local Flora Notes. Torreya IX. 203, 257; X 80, 145. 1910. Harper, R. M. A Quantitative Study of the More Conspicuous Vegetation of Certain Natural Divisions ot the Coastal Plain as Observed in Traveling [by train] from Georgia to New York. Torr. Bull. XXXVII. 405. 1910. Harshberger, J. W. Vegetation of the Navesink High- lands. Torreya X. i. 1910. Long, Bayard. Range Extension of Scirpus Smithii var. setosus. RhodoraXll. 155. 1910. Long, B. Pinus serotina Michx. in New Jersey and Other Local Notes. Bartonia II. 17-21. 1910. Stone, W. New Plants for Southeni New Jersey. Bar- tonia II. 27. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 793 1910. Stone^ W. Brachiaria digitarioides from New Jersey. Bartonia II. 26. 19 10. Mackenzie, K. K. A new species of Blueberry from New Jersey. Torreya X. 22S 191 1. Brown, S. Helonias bullata. Bartonia III. i. 191 1. La Wale, C. H. Botanical Notes from Longport, New Jersey. Bartonia HI. 12-21. 191 1. Stone, W. Corema Conradii in Ocean County, New Jersey, East of the Plains. Bartonia III. 26. 191 1. Brown, O. H. Galium hispidulum in Cape May County, New Jersey. Bartonia III. 26. 191 1. Van Peet, S. S. [Southern New Jersey plants.] Bar- tonia III. 29. 191 1, Long, B., and Brown, S. [Flora of Farmingdale, N. J.] Bartonia III. 30-31. 191 1. Penneee, Francis W. A new Gerardia from New Jersey, Torreya 11. 15. 794 REPORfT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 795 LIST OF LOCALITIES From Which Specimens Are Recorded in the Preceding Pages. Immediately following the name is reference to the accompany- ing map, which will indicate in which section the station is located. Only the principal localities are printed on the map, but most of the others can readily be found on the State Geo- logical Survey Maps from the indication here given. At the end of the line opposite each name are given the initials of the botanical district of southern New Jersey in which the station is located. Sometimes several districts may be repre- sented in the immediately surrounding country, when the station is near the line of separation. M = Middle District. PB = Pine Barrens. C = Coast Dis- trict. CM ^ Cape May District. Localities on the coast islands are marked 'island.' Absecon, E 9 PB + C. Albion, C 6 M + PB. The Middle District flora indents the Pine Barrens at this point. Allaire, F 3 PB. Alloway, A 8 M. Almonesson, B 6 . . M. Ancora, C 7 PB. Andrews, C ; PB + M. Anglesea, C 12 C (island). Anglesea Jnc, C 12 CM+C Apple-pie Hill, D 6 PB. Arneys Mt.. D 5 M. Asbury, B 6 M. Asbury Park, F 3 C The northern extremity of the Pine Barrens lies just back of Asbury Park, and some elements of this flora are recorded from there. 796 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Ashland, B 6 M. Atlantic City, E 9 C (island) . Atlantic Highlands, F i M. Atco, C 6 PB. An indentation of the Middle District flora below Clementon reaches nearly or quite to Atco. Atsion, D 7 PB. A few Middle District species follow up the stream all the way to Atsion. Avalon, D 12 C (island). Avon, F 3 C + M. Ballinger's Mill, C 6 PB. Close to the western edge. Bamber, E 5 PB, Formerly Ferago, now Cedar Crest. Barnegat, F 6 PB + C. Barnegat City, F 6 C (island). Barnegat Pier, F 5 C + PB. Barrel Island, E 8 C. Batsto, D 7 PB. Bayhead, F 4 PB + C. Bayside, A 9 M-j-C Beaver Dam, Bio M. Belmar, F 3 C + M. Bennett, C 13 CM. Berlin, C 6 PB. Close to the western edge. Beach Haven North, F 8 C (island). Now Brant Beach. Beach Haven North = Brant Beach. Beach Haven Terrace, F 8 C (island). PIvANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 797 Beverly, C 4 M. Blackwood, B 6 M. Birmingham, D 3 M. Bradway, A 6 M. Bridgfeton, B 9 M Bridgeport, A 6 M. Bordentown, D 3 M. Brielle, F 4 C + M. Browns Mills, D 5 PB 4- M. Apparently close to the boundary line. Brant Beach, F 8 C (island) . Buckshutem, Bio M. Burleigh, C 12 CM. Burlington, C 4 M. Camden, B 5 M. Cape May, C 13 > CM + C. Bear Swamp, C 5 PB. Beesleys Pt., Bio C. Belleplaine, C 10. ., PB. Buena, or Buena Vista, C8 PB? Apparently there is a strong Middle District element running up the streams at this point. Cape May Court House, C 12 . . . . . CM. There are certain Pine Barren elements here and there in the vicinity, while many coast plants from the marshes a mile to the east are recorded as from Court House. Cape May Point, C 13 CM + C. Cassville, E4 ., PB? Cedar Bridge, E6 1 PB. Cedar Bonnet, E8. . . . , C. Cedar Brook, E 7, PB. 798 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Cedar Crest, E 5 PB- Same as Bamber and Ferago. Cedar Grove, E 7 PB. Cedar Lake, C 8, PB. Centerton, B 8 M. Center Square, A 6 M. Oiatsworth, D 6 PB. Formerly called Shamong. Cinnaminson, C 5 M. Clarksboro, B 6 M. Qarksburg, E 3 M. Clementon, Bl6 . . .M + PB. The Pine Barrens begin right below the station, Clermont, C 11, CM + C. Collier's Mill, E4 M + PB Collingswood, B 5 ■ M. Cologne, D 5 PB. Como, F3 C + M? Coopers Creek and Coopers Ferry, B 5 M. Court House = Cape May Court House. Crosswicks, D3 ,.......■ M. Crovvleytown, D8 •■ PB + C. The Coast Strip follows up the Egg Harbor river. Cox's, E 7 C + PB. Cold Spring, C 13 CM + C. Davenport, E 5 PB. Deal, F3 C + M? Delair, B 5 M. Daretown, A 8 M. Delanco, C 4 M. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 799 Dennisville, C 11 CM + C. Dias Creek, C 12 CM -f C. Dlividing- Creek, Bl 10 M + C. Double Trouble, F 5 PB. Dover Forge, E 5 PB. Downstown, C 8 PB (M?) Eatontown, F 2 M. Egg" Harbor of old authors = Beesley's Point. Egg Harbor City, D 8 PB. Eighth Street, C 8 PB. Part of a large settlement tract of which Hammonton was a part. This is a wild spot where the extension of "Eighth St." crosses Hospi- tality Branch. Elmer, B 8 M. Elsinboro Twp., A 8 M. Elwood, D 8 PB. Englishtown, E 2 M. Ewonsville, D 5 M. Fairton, B; 9 , . M. Fairview, B( 6 M. Farmingdale, F3 M + PB. Several Pine Barren tongues pass on either side of the town. Ferago, E5 ■ PB. Old name for Bamber, now Cedarcrest. Fish House, B 5 M. Florence or Florence Heights, C 4 . M. Folsom, C 8 , PB. Forked River, F6 PB + C. Franklinville, B 8 M. Freehold, E 2 M. Glassboro, B 7 M. 8oo REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Gloucester, B 5 M. Goshen, On CM. Grenloch, B 6 M. Green Creek, C 12 CM + C. Green Bank, D 8 PB + C. Griffith's Swamp, B 5. near Lawnside. A curious Pine Barren "island," now completely destroyed. Haddonfield, B 5 M. Halfway House, below Bonds, E 8 C (island). Hainesport, C 5 M. Haleyville, B 10 .- M. Hammonton, C 8 PB. There are a number of Middle District plants in the neighborhood, largely due, no doubt, to the long settlement of the place, but apparently partly intruders from the coast via Hammonton creek. Hanover, E 5 PB. Hartford, C5 M. Harvey Cedars, F 7 C (island). Herman, D 8 PB + C. High Bridge, E 6 PB. Holgates, F8 C (island). Holly Beach, C 13 C (island). Holmdel, F2 , M. Hornerstown, D 4 ,. M. Hospitality Bridge, E 6 PB. Same as Eighth St. Husted, B8 M. Inskip, C 7 PB. lona, B 8 PB. Island Heights and I. H. Junction, F 5 PB -j- C. Jackson, C6 , „ PB. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 8oi Jericho, ,,...' M. Joe's (or Job's) Bridge, D 7 PB. Jones Mill, D 6 PB. Jumbo, M. Kaighn's Point, B 5 M. Kenilworth, C 6 PB. Keyport, F i, , M. Kinkora, C 4 M. Kirkwood, B 6 M. Lacy, E 6 PB. Lakehurst, E4 PB. Formerly Manchester. Lakewood, F4. . . . .) , PB. Landisville, C 8 PB. The same prevalence of Middle district species as at Hammonton — mainly due, I think, to long settlement, but see Buena. Little Timber Creek, B5 M. Longacoming = Berlin. Long Branch, G i . C + M. There is also a slight PB element a little to the west. Long Causway, E 6. PB. Longport, B 10 C (island). Lucaston, C 6 PB. Lumberton, D 5. ., M. Lawnside, B 5, . . , M. Lindenwold, C 6 M. A bog with a curious mixture of M and PB species. Locust Grove, C 5. .,. M. Magnolia, B 6 M. Malaga, B 8 M + PB About on the Hne. 51 MUS 8o2 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. M^nahawkin, E 7 PB + C Manasquan, F 4 1 C + M. Cf. Pt. Pleasant. Manchester = Lakehurst. Mantoloking, F 4 C (island) . Mantua, B;6 M. Manumuskin, C 10 PB + C. Masonville, C 5 M. Mayetta, E 7 C + PB. Matawan, F i , M. Mays' Landing, D 9 PB + C. The Coast Strip flora comes up the river to the Mays Landing dam. Manninglon, A 8. . M. Medford, C 5 M. Merchantville, B 5 M. Mickleton, A 6. . ., M. Middletown, F 2 .M. Millville, B 9 PB + M. Moorestown, C 5. M. Morris, B 5 M. Mount Ephraim, B 5 M. Mount Holly, C 5 M. Mullica Hill, B 7 M. Munyon Field, E8 , , PB. Navesink, F i M. Newfield, B 8 PB. New Egypt, E 4 M. New England, C 13 CM + C. Nlew Germany, C 8 PB. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 803 New Lisbon, D 5 PB + M. On the line. Newport, B 10. .M. Niewtonville, C8 PB. North Beach Haven, F 8 C (island). Oaklyn, B 5. . M. Ocean Beach = Belmar. Ocean City, D 10. C (island) . Ocean Grove, F 3. C. Cf. Asbury Park. Ocean View, D 1 1 •, C. Orchard, B 5 M. Palatine, B 8 M. Palermo, D 1 1 PB + C. Pancoast, C 8 PB Parkdale, C 7 ,• PB. Pasadena, E 5 PB. Paulsboro, B 6 M. Piermont, D 12 C (island) Peahala, F8 C (island). Pemberton, D 5 M. Penbryn, C 6 PB. Pensauken, C 5. . M. Pennsgrove, Ay .,. . , ,. .,. ,. . . .M. Petersburg, D 10 PB. Phalanx, F 2 M. Pipers Corner, C 6 PBL Pitman, B 7 M. Plains, E 6, E 7 PB. Pleasant Mills, D 8. . . PB. 8o4 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Point Pleasant, F 4 C + M + PB. A curious mixture in this vicinity, an arm of PB from the west and one of M to the north. Prospertown, E 4 M. Port Elizabeth, C 10 M (C + PB?). Quaker Bridge, D 7 PB. Quinton, A 8 M. Rancocas, C 4 M. Redbank, B 5 M. Red Bank, F 2.* M. Repaupo, B 6 M. Riddleton, AS M. Riverside, C 4 M. Riverton, C 4 M. Rio Grande, C 12 CM. Salem, A 8 M. Sandy Hook, F i, C + M. Sea Breeze, A 10 C. Seabright, G 2 C +M. Sea Girt, F4 C + M (+ PB?) Sea Haven, F 8 C (island) . Seaside Park, F 5 C (island). Sea Isle City, D 11 C (island). Sewell, B 6 M. Sharpstown, A 7, M. Sicklerville, C. 7. . M. Shark River, F 3 M. Smithville, C 5 M. * While the different capitalization here shown may not have been con- sistently followed in the text, the Redbank in Monmouth Co. is always near the beginning of the list of localities, as they are arranged from north to south. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 805 Somer's Point, D 10 C (+ PB ?) Speedwell, D 6. PB. Spray Beach, F 8 C (island) . Springdale, C 5 M. Spring- Garden, C 7 PB. Spring Lake, F 3 C + M. Stafford Forge, E 7 PB. Swedesboro, A 7 M. Swimming River, F 2, M. Stoe Creek, A 8 M. Stone Harbor, C 12 C (island) . Sumner, C 6 PB + M. Nearly on the line. Tabernacle, D 6 PB. Much cleared away. Taunton, C6. . . PB + M. About on the line. Timber Creek, B 5 M. Tomlin, B 6 M. Toms River, F 5 PB + C. Tuckahoe, C 10. PB + C. Tuckers, F8 C (island). Tuckerton, E 8 ., PB + C. Twelfth St., C 8 PB). At Hospitality Branch cf. "Eighth St." Union Grove, B 8 M. Ventnor, E 10 C (island). Vincentown, D 5 .M. Vineland, B 9 PB. Very much cleared and long settled, which accounts at least in part for the Middle District element. Cf. Hammonton, Landisville and Buena. Waretown, F 6. . . . .PB. 8o6 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Washington Park, B 5 M. Waterford, C 7 PB. Weekstown, D 8 PB. Wenonah, B 6 M. West Creek, E 7 C + PB. West Dieptford, B 5 M. Apparently mainly in the vicinity of Washington Park. Westmont, B 5 M. Westville, B 5 M. Weymouth, C 8 PB. Whiskey Road, B 5 M. White House, D 6 PB. Whitesboro, C 12 CM. Whitings, E 5 .-. PB. Wilhamstown Junction, C 7 PB. Willow Grove, B 8 PB. Winslow and Winslow Jnc, C 7 PB. Woodbine, C 1 1 PB. Woodbury, B 6 .M. Woodstown, A 7 M. Woodmansie, E 6 PB. Wildwood, C 13 C (island). Wildwood Jnc, C 13. . CM. Yorktown, A 8 M. ACTUAL NUMBER OF SPECIES LISTED. Ferns, etc., 5o Conifers, ^° Grasses, ^^S Sedges, 1^5 Other Monocotyledons, 161 Dicotyledons (Polypetalae), 461 (Gamopetalae), 389 Total, i'40i PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 807 GLOSSARY. Acaulescent. Stemless. Achene. A small dry, one-seeded, non-splitting fruit. Acuminate. Tapering at the end. Amplexicaul. Clasping the stem. Annual. Lasting but one year. Anther. Terminal part of the stamen, bearing the pollen. Apetalous. Without petals. Arachnoid. Like cobwebs. Aril. An appendage growing at the point of attachment of the seed. Aristate. Awned, or provided with bristles. Awn. A bristle-like appendage. Axil. Juncture of a leaf or branch with the stem. Blade. The flat part of a leaf. Bract. A modified leaf, usually subtending a flower. Calyx. The outer part of the perianth of a flower; composed of the sepals. Campanulate. Bell shaped. Canescent. Gray-hairy. Capitate. In heads. Capsule. A dry non-splitting fruit of more than one carpel. Cauline. Belonging to the stem. Circumcissile. Splitting by a transverse circular line of division. Cleistogamous. Fertilized in the bud, without the flower opening. Coriaceous. Leathery. Corolla. The inner part of the perianth, composed of the petals. Corymb. A flat-topped flower cluster, the marginal flowers blooming first. Cotyledons. The first leaves of the embryo as found in the seed. Crenate. Dentate with rounded teeth. Cyme. A flat-topped flower cluster, with the central or terminal flowers blooming first. Dentate. Toothed. Dichotomous. Forking regularly by pairs. Dioecious. Staminate and pistiluate flowers on separate plants. Drupe. A fleshy fruit, with a hard, usually one-seeded "stone" (inner peri- carp). Bmarginate. With a slight terminal notch. Entire. Without teeth or divisions. Exserted. Projecting beyond a surrounding covering, calyx, etc. Falcate. Scythe-shaped. Floret. A small flower ; one of a cluster. Gamopetalous. Having the petals of the corolla united. Glabrate. Somewhat glabrous. Glabrous. Smooth. 8o8 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Glume. A chaff-like bract. In grasses, one of the two empty bracts at the base of a spikelet. Hastate. Arrow shaped. Hirsute. Coarsely or stiffly pubescent. Hispid. With bristly hairs. Included. Not protruding, opposite of exserted. Inflorescence. The flowering portion of a plant. Innovation. An offshoot from the stem. Involucre. A circle of bracts, surrounding a flower or head of flowers. Leaflet. One component of a compound leaf. Legume. A pod-like fruit. Lemma. The lower bract inclosing the flower in grasses. Ligule. A flat strap-shaped corolla, as the ray flowers of a sunflower, also a scarious margin to the sheath of grasses. Loculicidal. Splitting or opening by a slit on the top or back of a cell or pod. Monoecious. Stamens and pistils in separate flowers on the same plant. Ocrea. A tubular stipule. Palea. The upper bract enclosing the flower of a grass. Panicle. An irregular branching inflorescence, with the individual flowers pedicelled. Papilionaceous. Having a pea-shaped blossom. Pappus. A tuft usually of down or bristles at the summit of the seeds ot Compositae; in reality part of the calyx. Peltate. A shield-shaped leaf, etc., attached by the middle of the lower surface. Perianth. The calyx and corolla of a flower. Perigynium. The inflated covering of the seed in Carex. Persistent. Remaining attached. Petal. One of the divisions of the corolla. Petiole. A leaf stem. Pinna. One of the primary divisions of a fern frond, or a compound leaf. Pinnatifld. Cut or divided into pinnae. Pistil. The seed-bearing organ of the flower, consisting of the ovary, stigma and style. Pollen. The fertilizing powder contained on the anthers. Puberulent. Minutely pubescent. Pubescent. Covered with soft, or downy hairs. Raceme. An elongate, simple inflorescence, with the flowers pedicelled. Ray. Marginal flowers in Compositae; or the branch of an umbel. Receptacle. The broadened tip of a stem, pedicel, etc., which bears the flower parts (or the flowers of a head). Rhachis. The central stem, etc., of a spike or compound leaf. Samara. A non-splitting winged fruit. Scabrous. Rough and harsh. Scape. A stem arising from the ground bearing only flowers. Sepal. One of the divisions of the calyx. Serrate. With sharp teeth directed forward. Sessile. Without a stem of any sort. Sheath. A tubular covering, such as the lower part of a grass leaf. PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 809 Sinus. A cleft between two lobes. Spatlte. A sheath-like bract covering an inflorescence. Spadix. A fleshy spike stem or axis. Spatulate. Gradually narrowed from a rounded terminal portion. Spike. An elongate simple inflorescence, with the flowers sessile or nearly so. Spikelet. A small spike; in grasses, one of the individual flowers or flower clusters with its bracts. Stamen. One of the pollen bearing organs of the flower; the terminal portion is the anther. Stipe. The stalk of the pistil, or leaf stalk of a fern. Stipule. An appendage growing at the base of a petiole. Stolon. A runner, which roots. Terete. Circular in cross section. Ternate. In threes. Thyrse. A contracted, cylindrical panicle. Tomentose. Densely wooly. Umbel. An inflorescence in which the several branches spring from the same point. Utricle. A small bladder-like body. Viscid. Glutinous. INDKX. (8ii) INDEX. PAGE. Abama, 338 Abutilon, 549 Acalypha 526 Acer, 544 Acerates, 651 Achillea, 730 Acnida, 434 Acorus, 317 Acroanthes, 376 Actea, 451 Actiriomeris, 771 Adam-and-Eve, 378 Adder's Mouth, 376 Adder's Tongue 122 Yellow, 346 Adiantum 130 Adicea, 415 Adopogon, 719 Aeschynomene, 498 Agastache, 666 Agrimonia, 483 Agrimony, 483 Agrostemma, 436 Alder 402 Black 540 Aletris, 347 Alfalfa, 496 Alisma, 1 68 Allium, 344 Alnus 402 Alopecurus, 2,22 Alsine, 436, 438 Alum root, 47 1 Amaranth, Coast, 433 Great, 433 Amaranthus, 433 Ambrosia, 725 Amelanchier, 488 Ammodenia, 441 Ammophila, 228 Amphicarpon, 188 Amygdalus, 490 Anaphalis, 767 Andromeda, Privet 618 Andropogon 182 Anemone, 452 Canada, 452 Rue 454 Tall, 452 Wood, 453 (8 PAGS. Angelica, 599 Antennaria, 766 Anthemis, 730 Anychia, 442 /vpios 512 Aplectrum, 378 Apocynum, 645 Apple, Crab, 486 Aquilegia, 453 Aralia 589 Arbutus, 619 Arctium, 728 Arctostaphylos, 620 Arenaria, 437 Arethusa, 372 Arisaema, 314 Aristida, 217 Aristolochia, 418 Aronia, 487 Arrow Arum, 315 Arrowhead, Common, 169 Long-beaked, 171 Sessile-fruited, 171 Grass-leaved, 172 Subulate 172 Arrow-grass, Seaside, 166 Arrow-wood, 709 Artemisia, 775 Arum, Arrow, 315 Asclepias 647 Ascyrum, 552 Asarum, 418 Ash 635 Ash, Prickly 518 Asimina, 448 Aspen, American, 392 Large-toothed, 392 Asphodel, Bog 338 Asphodel, Viscid 337 Aspidium 133 Asplenium, 132 Aster, 754 Flat-topped, 763 Golden, 741 Stiff-leaved, 764 White-topped 753 Aster concolor 757 cordifolius 755 dumosus, 760 ericoides, 760 3) 8i4 INDEX. PAGE. Aster divaricatus, 75S gracilis, 758 laevis 757 lateriflorus 761 macrophyllus, 755 novae-angliae, 75^ novi-belgii, 757 nemoralis 759 patens 7S6 paniculatus, 760 puniceus, 757 radula 759 spectabilis 758 subulatus, 761 tenuifolius 761 undulatus, 756 vimineus, 761 Atriplex 429 Avens, 482 Azalea, 612 Baccharis, 7^4 Balsam Apple, Wild, 713 Baneberry, Red, 45 1 White 451 Baptisia, 496 Barbarea, 462 Barton, B. S., 642 Barton, W. P. C 553 Bartonia 642 Bassia, 43^ Basswood, 548 Batrachium, 457 Bayberry, 395 Beach Pea Sio Bean, Wild, S13 Bear-berry, 621 Beard Grass, 182 Beard-tongue 678 Bedstraw, 704 Beech, 402 Beech-drops, 695 Beggars-ticks 773 Bell-flower 714 Bellwort, Perfoliate 343 Sessile-leaved 343 Pine Barren 34 5 Benjoin 460 Bergamot, 668 Betula, 400 Bicuculla 461 Bidens, 77^ Bindweed, 426, 653 Birch, White 4°° Cherry 401 Sweet 401 River, 401 Red 401 Bishop-weed, Mock, 598 Bishop's Cap, 472 PAGfi, Bittersweet 543 Blackberry, Sand 479 Bush 479 Tall 479 Hispid Swamp, 480 Black-Haw 711 Bladder-nut 543 Bladderwort 689 Blazing Star, 341. 740 Blephariglottis, 367 Bloodroot, 461 Blue Curls 664 Blueberry, 624 Blue-eyed Grass 360 Blue-hearts, 683 Bluets 701 Boehmeria 415 Bog Asphodel, 338 Boltonia, 753 Bone-set, 734 Bone-set, Climbing 739 False, 739 Botrychium 122 Bouncing Bet 436 Box Elder 545 Brachyelytrum 221 Bracken, . . . ; 130 Bradburya 510 Brasenia, 443 Brassica 462 Breweria, 652 Brinton, J. B 509 Bromus 244 Brooklime, 682 Broomrape, 694 Buchnera, 683 Buckbean, 644 Buck-thorn 546 Bugle-weed 672 Bugloss, 658 Vipers, 658 Bull Rush 269 Bunch-flower 342 Burdock, 728 Bur-Marigold 772 Burk, Isaac 696 Burnet, 484 Burning Bush 542 Bur-reed i59 Large, i59 Slender, 159 Bursa 462 Bush, Burning S42 Strawberry 542 Bush-clover 506 Buttercups 450, 456 Butternut, 397 Butterfly weed 647 Button-bush 702 Button weed, 703 INDEX. 8iS FACE. Button wood 474 Cabbage, Skunk, 316 Cacti, 573 Cakile, 463 Calamagrostis, 227 Calamovilfa, 228 Calamus, 317 Callitriche, 529 Caltha 4S0 Camelina, 462 Camomile 730 Campanula, 714 Campion, 436, 437 Canby, W. M., 718 Cape May District, 92, 367, 695, 738 Capnoides, 461 Cardamine 464 Cardinal Flower, 715 Carduus 778 Carex, 285 Carex abscondita, 303 alata, 312 albolutescens, 313 annectans, 307 atlantica, 309 barratii, 297 brevior, 312 brutmescens, 310 bullata, 292 buxbaumii 296 canescens 310 capillacea, 308 caroliniana 299 cephalantha, 309 cephalophora, 307 collinsii, 290 comosa, 293 conoidea, 301 crinita, 298 digitalis 302 disjuncta, 310 emmonsi 304 exilis 306 festucacea, 312 flava, 300 folliculata, 291 glaucodea, '. 300 granulans, 300 grisea, 300 gynandra, 298 harperi, 305 hormathodes, 312 hystericina, 293 interior 308 intumescens 291 lacustris 294 lanuginosa 296 laxiculmis 303 laxiflora, 301 leptalea 305 PAGE. Carex limosa, 297 livida 303 lupuliformis, 29 j lupulina, 292 lurida, 293 monile, 292 muhlenbergii, 307 nigromarginata, 308 oblita 299 pallescens, 301 patulifolia, 302 pedunculata 304 pennsylvanica 303 polymorpba, 301 prasina, 297 riparia 294 rosea 307 scabrata, 295 scoparia, 310 seorsa 309 silicea, 311 squarrosa, 294 stipata, 306 straminea 311 striata, 296 styloflexa, 302 swanii 298 tenuis, 299 tetanica, 301 tonsa, 304 tribiloides, 311 triceps, 298 trichocarpa, 294 trisperma, 310 typhinoidea, 294 umbellata, 304 utriculata 292 varia, 304 vestita, 295 vulpinoidea 306 walteriana, 29s wildenovii, 305 Carpetweed, 434 Carpinus 399 Carrion Flower, 351 Hairy 351 Carrot, 591 Carrot, Wild S9i Cassandra, 619 Cassia, 493 Castalia, 445 Castanea, 403 Castilleja, 687 Cat Gut 498 Catch-fly, Night-flowering 436 Stickey, 437 Sleepy 438 Cat-nip, 662 Cat-tail, 158 Coast, 158 8i6 INDEX. PAGE. Ceanothus, 546 Cedar, White, 151 Red, 153 Celandine, 460 Celastrus 543 Celery, Wild, 173 Celtis, 413 Century 638 Cephalanthus, 702 Cerastium 436, 437 Ceratophyllum, 446 Cercis, 493 Chaerophyllum, 595 Chaetochloa, 212 Chaffseed, 687 Chamaecyparis, 151 Chamaedaphne, 619 Chamaelirium, 341 Chamaenerion, 582 Chelidonium 460 Chelone, 678 Chenopodium, 428 Cherry, Ground 675 Sour 490 Sweet 490 Wild 492 Chervil, Spreading, 595 Chess, Wood 245 Chestnut, 403 Chickweed 436, 439 Chickweed, Forked, 442 Chickory, 718 Chimaphila 610 Chinquapin, 403 Chionanthus, 636 Chokeberry, Red 487 Black 487 Purple-fruited, 487 Chondrophora, 742 Christmas green, 143 Chrosperraa 341 Chrysanthemum, 730 Chrysopsis, 741 Chrysosplenium, 472 Cichorium, 718 Cicuta, 596 Cimicif uga 451 Cinna, 224 Cinquefoil, 482 Rough, 47S Dwarf 482 Tall, 481 Circaea, 585 Clammy-weed 466 Claytonia, 435 Clearweed, 415 Cleavers, 704 Clematis, 454 Clethra, 608 Clinopodium, 669 PAGE. Clitoria, 511 Clotbur, 326 Clovers, 496 Clover, Bush, 506 Club Moss, 140 Club Rush, 267 Coast Strip 88, 579, 775 Cockle, Corn, 435 Colic Root, 347 Collins, Zaccheus, 290 Collinsonia, 675 Columbine, Wild, 452 Comandra, 418 Commelina, 326 Comptonia, 396 Cone-flower 769 Conopholis 695 Conrad, S. W., 530 Convolvulus, 653 Coral-root, 379 Corallorhiza, 379 Corema, 530 Coreopsis 771 Corn Salad, 713 Cornels, 602 Cornus, 601 Corydalis, Pale, 461 Corylus, 400 Cotton Grass, 273 Cowbane, 600 Cowslip, Virginia, 658 Cow-wheat, 688 Coelorachis, 181 Crab Apple, Narrow-leaved, 486 Cracca, 498 Cranberry, 627 Crataegus 489 Creeper, Trumpet 695 Creeper, Virginia, 548 Cress, Bitter, 464 Bulbous, 464 Hispid, 463 Marsh 464 Pennsylvania, 465 Rock 466 Round-leaved 464 W inter, 462 Yellow, 463 Crotalaria, 497 Crotonopsis, 526 Crowberry, Conrad's, 530 Crowfoot, 454 Cucumber, Indian, 350 Star 714 Cud weed 768 Culver's Root, 683 Cunila, 671 Cuphea, Clammy 576 Curly Grass, 123 Cuscuta, 654 INDEX. 817 PAGE. Cyperus cylindricus, 255 Cyperus dentatus, 251 diandrus, 250 dipsaciformis, 254 erythrorhizos, 252 esculentus, 252 filiculmis, 256 flavescens, 249 grayii, 255 hystricinus 253 lancastriensis, 233 macilentus, 256 microdontus 251 nuttallii, 250 ovularis, 254 pseudovegetus, 251 retrofractus, 254 rivularis, 250 speciosus, 252 strigosus, 253 Cynoglossum 658 Cynthia, 719 Cyperus, 248 Cypress, Bald, 151 Cypripidium, 363 Daisy, Ox-eye, 730 Dalibarda, 481 Dandelon 718 Dwarf, 719 Danthonia, 231 Darlington, Wm., 529 Dasystoma, 684 Datura, 674 Decodon, 575 Deerberry, 624 Dendrium, 615 Dentaria, 465 Denstaedtia, 136 Deringa, 597 Deschampsia, 229 Dew Berry, 480 Diantliera, 697 Dianthus, 436 Dichromena, 264 Diervilla, 712 Diodia, 703 Dioscorea, 357 Diospyros, 634 Diplachne, 237 Dirca, 574 Distichlis, 239 Dittany, 671 Doch, Bitter, 419 Yellow, 419 Swamp, 421 Dock, Spatter, 444 Dodder, 654 Doellingeria 763 Dog bane, 645 52 MUS FAC£. Dog-toothed Violet, 346 Dogwood 601 Dondia, 432 Draba, 462, 465 Dropseed, 223 Drosera, 468 Drymocallis, 481 Dryopteris, 133 Duckweed 318 Dulichium 256 Dutchman's Breeches, 461 Eatonia, 230 Echium, 658 Eel Grass, 166 Elatine, 558 Elder, 708 Box, S4S Marsh, 725 Elm, Red, 413 White, 412 Eleocharis acicularis, 260 engelmanni, 260 glancescens, 260 interstincta, 258 melanocarpa 262 obtusa, 259 ocreata, 259 olivacea, 259 palustris, 260 quadrangulata, 258 robbinsii, 258 rostellata, 264 tenuis, 263 torreyana, 261 tortilis, 263 tricostata, 262 tuberculosa, 261 Eleocharis, 258 Elymus 245 Epigaea 619 Epilobium, 582 Equisetum, 138 Eragrostis, 237 Erechtites, 776 Erianthus, 181 Erigeron, 762 Eriocaulon, 323 Eriophorum, 273 Eryngium, 594 Erythronium, 346 Eupatodum, 732 ageratoides, 738 album 734 aromaticum, 738 coelestinum, 738 hyssopifolium, 735 leucolepis, 734 maculatum, 733 perfoliatum, 737 8i8 INDEX. PAGE. Eupatorium pubescens 736 purpureum, 733 resinosum, 737 rotundi folium, 736 sessilifolium 736 subvenosum, 735 verbenaefolium, 735 Euphorbia 527 Euthamia, 751 Everlasting, 767 Evonymus, S42 Fagus 402 Falcata, 511 Feather foil, 630 Fern, Broad Beech, 136 Chain, 131 Christmas 133 Cinnamon, 124 Clayton's 125 Climbing, 129 Ebony 132 Grape 122 Oak, 136 Ostrich, 137 Royal, 1 24 Sensitive, 137 Silvery, 132 Sweet-scented, 136 Sweet 396 Festuca, 243 Fever wort, 711 Fig wort, • 678 Filix, 135 Fimbristj'lis 265 Fire Weed, 582 Fire weed. White, 776 Flag, Blue, 359 Slender, 359 Flax, 517 False, 462 Wild, 517 Yellow, 517 Fleabane 762 Fleabane, Marsh 765 Floating Hart 644 Flowering Data, 115 Fly-poison, 341 Fog- fruit 661 Forget-me-not, 659 Fox love, False, 684 Fox-tail Grass, 213 Fox-tail, Marsh, 222 Fragaria 481 Fraxinus 635 Fringe Tree, 636 Frog's Bit, 173 Frost weed, 559 Fuirena, 274 PAGE. Galactia, 512 Galearis 364 Galinsoga 729 Galium 704 Garlic, Meadow, 345 Gaultheria 620 Gaura, 585 Gaylussacia, 623 Gay-wings, 525 Gentians, 640 Gentian, Horse, 711 Gentiana, 640 Geranium, 514 Gerardia, 655 Germander, 663 Geum, 482 Gill-over-the-ground, 662 Ginger, Wild 418 Ginseng, Dwarf, 590 Glass wort 430 Glaux, 633 Glechoma, 662 Goat's Rue 498 Golden Club, 317 Golden-crest, 355 Goldenrods, 742 Rayless 742 Gooseberry, Wild, 473 Goosefoot, Narrow-leaved 428 Bosc's 429 Red, 429 Gnaphaliura, 767 Grapes, 546 Grass-pink, 372 Grass-of-Parnassus, 470 Gratiola, 679 Green brier, 352 Glaucous-leaved, 353 Eaurel-leaved, 353 Walter's, 354 Green Dragon, 315 Gromwell, Corn, 658 False 659 Ground Cherry, 67s Ground-Nut 512 Ground Pine, 142 Groundsel Bush 764 Gum, Sour, 603 Sweet, 474 Gymnadeniopsis, 365 Gymnopogon, 234 Gyrostachys, 373 Gyrotheca 354 Grass, Arrow 166 Beard, 1 82 Bent 225 Black, 330 Black Oat, 219 Blue-eyed, 360 Blue Joint 227 INDEX. 819 PAGE. Bottle-brush, ^46 Cotton, 273 Dropseed, 223 Eel, i66 Fescue, 244 Finger, 188 Fox-tail, _'i3 Gama, 180 Hair, 221, 229 Herd, 225 Hedge-hog, 214 Holy, 216 Indian, 184 Manna, 241 Marsh 232 Millet, :88 Nut, 252 Oat, -31 Orange, 557 Panic, 189 Plume, ■ 181 Poverty, 217 Rattlesnake, 241 Reed Canary, 216 Reed Meadow, 243 Rice 216 Rough Hair, 226 Rush, -123 Salt Meadow, 233 Salt Reed 233 Sand 236 Sand Reed, 228 Spear, 240 Spike, 239 Spreading Meadow, 243 Thin 226 Water Star, 327 White 215 Witch, 195 Wood Reed 224 Wool, 272 Yellow-eyed, 320 Hachberry, 413 Hair-Grass, Long awned, 221 Hamamelis, 473 Hardback, 477 Hawkweed, 772 Hazel, Witch, 473 Hazel-Nut, 400 Heather, Beach, 560 Pine Barren, 561 Hedeoma, 668 Hedge Nettle 667 Hedge-hog Grass, 214 Helenium, -74 Heliantliemum, 539 Helianthium, 169 Helianthus, 769 Heliopsis yfig PAGE. Hellebore, False, 343 Helonias 340 Hemlock, 150 Hemlock, Water, 596 Hemp, Indian, 645 Water, 434 Hepatica, 453 Heracleum, 601 Herb, Robert, 515 Hercules Club, 589 Heteranthera, 327 Heuchera 471 Hibiscus, 550 Hicoria, 397 Hickory, Bitternut, 399 Mocker-Nut, 398 Pig-nut, 398 Shag-bark, 398 Shell-bark, 398 Small-fruited, 399 llieracium, 722 Hoarhound, Water, 672 Holly, 539 Holly, Mountain, 541 Homalocenchrus, 215 Honiwort, 597 Honeysuckle 612, 712 Hop Hornbeam, 400 Hop Tree, Three-leaved, 517 Hornbeam, 399 Hop, 400 Horse Gentian, 711 Horse-mint, 668 Horse Nettle, 675 Horsetail, Field, 138 Swamp, ! 38 Horse-weed 763 Hottonia, 630 Hounds Tongue, 658 Houstonia, 701 Hudsonia, 560 Hydrangea, 472 Hydrocotyle, 592 Hydrophyllum, 657 Hypericum, 553 Hypopitys, 611 Hypoxis, 355 Hyssop, Giant 666 Hedge, 679 Hystrix, 246 Hex, r39 Ilicioides, 541 Ilysanthes, 63o Impatrivs, 545 Indian Cucumber, 350 Hemp, 645 Physic, 478 Pipe, 611 Plantain 776 820 INDEX. PAGfi. Indian Tobacco 71S Indigo, Wild, 496 Inkberry, 540 lonactis 764 Ipecac, Wild, 528 Ipomcea, 653 Iris, 359 Iron weed, 730 Iron-wood, 400 Isanthus 664 Isnardia 580 Isoetes, 144 Isotria, 371 Itea, 472 Iva, 72s Ivy, Ground, 662 Poison, 536 Jacob's Ladder, 657 Jack-in-the-Pulpit, 314 Dwarf, 314 Jewel-week, 545 Jimson Weed, 674 Joe-pye Weed, 733 Joint weed, 427 Judas, 493 Juglans, z^y Juncoides 336 Juncus, 329 Juniper, 153 Juniperus 153 Kalm, Peter, 616 Kalmia, 616 Kinnikinnick, 602 Knawel, 437 Kneiffia 584 Knotgrass, 424 Knotweed, 424 Koellia 669 Kosteletzkya, 549 Kulinia, 739 Lacinaria, 740 lyactuca, 720 Ladies' Tresses, 373 Lamium 662 Lappula, 658 Lathy rus, 510 Laurel, 616 Sheep, 616 Lavender, Sea, 633 Leah, Wild, 344 Leather-leaf, 619 Leatherwood, 574 Lechea, 562 Lemna 318 Leonurus, 662 Lipidium, 462 Leptamnium, 695 Leptandra, 683 PAGE. Leptilon, 763 Leptorchis 377 LespedezE, 503 Lespedeza angustifolia 509 capitata, 509 frutescens, 508 hirta, 508 nuttallii, 507 oblongifolia, 509 procumbens, 506 repens 506 striata 506 stuvci 507 violacea 507 virginica, 508 Lettuce, 720 Leucothoe, 617 Lilasopsis, 598 Lilium 345 Lily, Canad". 346 Red 345 Turk's cap, 346 Water, 445 Yellow, 346 Lily-of-the- Valley, False, 349 Limnanthemum, 644 Limnobium, 173 Limodorum, 372 Limoniuin, 633 Limosella 681 Linaria, 677 Linden, 548 Linum 517 Lippia, 661 Liquidambar, 474 Liquorice, Wild, 705 Liriodendron, 448 Listera, 375 Lithospermum, 658 Liverwort, 453 Lizard's Tail, 390 Lobelia 715 Locust, 495 Clammy, 495 Lonicera 713 Loose strife, 574, 631 Lophiola, 355 Lophotocarpus, 169 Lotus, American 446 Lousewort, 687 Ludvigia, 580 Ludwigiantha 579 Lupine, Wild 497 Lupinus, 497 Lycopodium 140 Lycopsis 658 Lycopus, 672 Lygodium 129 Lysimachia 631 Lythrum, 574 INDEX. 821 PAGE. Maj^nolia, Swamp, 446 Maidenhair 130 Mallow, 349 Mains 486 Malva 349 Maple 544 Marigold, Bur, 772 Marsh, 45° Maritime Flora, 95. 228, 233, 430 Martindale, I. C, 37° Matteucia, 13" May Apple 459 Meadow Beauty, 576 Meadow Sweet 477 Medeola 35° Medicago 496 Meibomia bracteosa, 502 canadensis, 504 canescens '02 dillenii, 303 grandiflora 500 Isvigata, 503 manlandica, 505 michauxii, Soi nudiflora, 500 obtusa, 505 paniculata 502 pauciflora 5°! rigida, 504 sessilifolia, 501 stricta SOi viridiflora 503 Melampyrum, 689 Melanthium, 342 Melilotus 495 Melilot, Yellow, 495 White, 495 Menispermum, 459 Mentha, 673 Menyanthes, 644 Mercury, Three-seeded, 526 Mermaid-weed, 586 Mertensia, 658 Mesadenia, 776 Micrampelis, 713 Micranthemum, 681 Middle District 80, 214, 447, 453, 497, 550, 6oi, 730 Milkweed 647 Milkwort, 520 Sea, 633 Milfoil 587 Millet Grass, Pursh's, 188 Mimulus, 679 Mint, 674 Mountain, 669 Mist Flower 738 Mistletoe 416 Mitchella, 703 PAGG. Mitella, 472 Moccasin Flower, 363 Moehringia, 44' Mollugo, 434 Monarda 668 Monkey-flower, 679 Monotropa 6ii Moonseed 459 Morning Glory 652 Morus 414 Moss, Club, see Club-moss Moss, Pink 657 Mother-wort 662 Mountain Mint 669 Mouse-ear, 766 Mud Plantain, 327 Mudwort, 681 Muhlenbergia, 220 Mulberry, Red 414 Mustard, Black, 462 Hedge, 462 Tower, 463 Myosotis, 659 Myrica, 395 Myriophyllum, 587 Myrtle, Sand 615 Wax, 396 Nabalus 723 Najas, 165 Nelumbo 446 Nepeta 662 Nettle, False, 41S Hedge, 667 Horse, 675 Slender 41 5 Stinging 414 Wood, 415 New Jersey Tea, 546 Nightshade, 674 Enchanter's, 585 Nimble Will, 221 Ninebark, 477 Nonesuch, 496 Nut Rush, 282 Nuttall, Thomas, 524, 717 Nymphaea, 444 Nyssa, 603 Oak, Bartram's, 411 Basket, 410 Black, 405 Black Jack, 407 Britton's, 412 Chestnut 410 Pin 405 Post, 409 Red 404 Rock Chestnut 410 Rudkin's, 411 822 INDEX. PAGE. Oak, Scarlet, 405 Scrub, 407 Scrub Chestnut, 410 Spanish, 406 Swamp Post, 409 Swamp White 409 White, 40S Willow, 408 Oat Grass, 231 Obolaria 643 Oenothera 583 Oldenlandia 702 Onoclea, 137 Onosmodium, 659 Ophioglossum 122 Opulaster, 477 Opuntia, 573 Orache, Halberd-leaved, 429 Sea Beach 430 Orange Grass, 557 Orchis, Crane-fly, 37S Orchis, Crested Yellow, 367 Fringeless Purple, 369 Green Fringed, 369 Green Wood 365 Large Purple Fringed, 369 Pale-green, 364 Ragged 369 Showy, 364 Small Purple Fringed, 369 Snowy, 366 Southern Yellow, 363 White Fringed 368 Yellow Fringed, 367 Orontium, 317 Osmunda, 124 Ostrya, 400 Oxalis, 516 Ox-eye, 76S Oxycoccus 627 Oxygraphis 457 Oxypolis, 600 Painted Cup, 687 Panax, 590 Panicum, 189 Panicum aciculare, 199 aculeatum, 210 addisoni, 205 agrostoides 196 amarum 196 anceps, 198 ang^ustif olium, 1 99 ashei, 208 barbulatum 200 boscii 211 cserulescens, 200 capillare 195 clandestinum, 211 clutei, T9T PAGE. Panicum columbianum, 206 comraonsianum, 205 commutatum, 208 condensum, 197 cubense 196 cryptanthum 210 depauperatum 198 dichotomum, 199 dichotomiflorur.1, 195 ensifolium, 207 hemitomon, 194 huachucse, 203 lanuginosum 204 latifolium, 211 leucothrix, 202 lindheimeri 202 linearifolium, 198 lucidum, 200 mattamuskeetense, 201 meridionale 203 microcarpon, 200 oligosanthes, 209 oricola, 204 . philadelphicum, 195 polyanthes, 208 pseudopubescens 205 scabriusculum 210 scoparium, 209 scribnerianum, 209 spliserocarpon, 207 spretum, 202 stipitatum, 197 tennesseense 203 thinium 207 tsugetorum 206 verrucosum, 194 villosissimum 204 virgatum 196 wrightianuni, 201 Panicularia, 240 Pansy, Field 572 Papaver, 460 Papaw 448 Parietaria 416 Parker, C. F., 324 Parnassia, 470 Parsnip, 591 Cow, 601 Meadow, 595 Purple Meadow, 599 Water 597 Parsonsia, 576 Partridge Berry, 703 Paspalum 185 Pea, Beach, 510 Butterfly, 511 Milk 512 Spurred Butterfly, 510 Pea-nut, Wild, 511 Peach 490 INDEX. 823 PAGB. Pearl-wort, 439 Pedicularis, 687 Pellitory, 416 Peltandra, 315 Pencil-flower, 499 Pennyroyal, 668 False, 664 Pennywort 592, 643 Penstemon, 678 Penthorum, 470 Pepperbush, Sweet, 608 Pepper-grass, 465 Pepper-root 465 Peramium, 376 Persimmon 634 Perularia, 364 Phalaris 216 Phaseolus, 513 Phegopteris, 136 Philotria, 173 Phlox, 656 Phoradendror,, 416 Phragmites, 235 Phryma 697 Physalis, 675 Phytolacca, 434 Pickerel Weed, 326 Pickering, Chas., 653 Pieris, 618 Pig-nut, 398 Pigweed, 433 Pimpernel, False, 680 Water 631 Pine, Ground, see Ground Plum Jersey, 147 Old-field ISO Pitch, 148 Pond, 149 Short-leaveu, 147 White, 146 Yellow, 147 Pine Barrens, 61, 125, 148, 151. 356, 520, 530, 620, 731 Pine Sap, 611 Pinweed 562 Pink, Deptford 435 Moss, 657 Sea, 636 Pinus, 146 Pipewort, 324 Pipsissewa, 610 Pitcher Plant 467 Plantago, 698 Plantain, 698 Indian 776 Mud, 327 Rattlesnake, 376 Robbin's, 762 Water, see Water Plantain, . Platanus 474 FAGB. Pluchea, 765 Plum Beach, 491 Chickasaw, 491 Wild, 491 Poa, 239 Podophyllum 459 Pogonia, Rose, 370 Spreading, 370 Whorled 371 Poison Ivy, 538 Oak, 538 Sumac 536 Poke, 434 Polanisia 466 Polemoniui.i 657 Polycodium 624 Polygala, 520 Polygala ambigua 522 brevifolia, 521 cruciata, 521 incarnata 522 lutea 520 mariana 523 nuttallii, 523 paucifolia 525 polygama 524 senega, 524 verticillata, 522 viridescens 523 Polygonum arifoliuni, 426 atlanticum, 425 aviculare, 424 careyi, 422 convolvulus; 420 eciliatum, 423 emersum, 421 erectum 424 hydropiper 421 hydropiperoides 422 lapathifolium, 419 raaritimum, 242 opelousanum, 422 pennsylvanicurr., 422 persicaria, 419 prolificum 425 punctatum 423 robustius, 423 sagittatum, 426 scandens, 426 setaceum, 424 tenue, 425 virginianum 424 Polygonatum, 349 Polygonella, 427 Polygoniun 42 1 Polypodiuni, 129 Polypody, 129 Polystichuni 133 Pondweed, 162 Pontederia 326 824 INDEX. PAGE. Poplar Swamp, 391 Silver, 590 Tulip 448 Populus, j9 I Porterantlius, 478 Portulaca, 435 Potamogeton, 162 Potamogeton americanus, 163 amplifolius, 162 confervoides, 163 dimorphus 164 diversifolius 164 epihydrus, 162 oakesianus 162 pectinatus 164 perfoliatus 163 pulcher 162 pusillus 164 Potato, Wild 653 Potentilla 475 Poverty Grass 217 Prickly Pear 573 Primrose ^83 Proserpinaca ;86 Prunella 666 Prunus 491 Psedera 548 Psilocarya 265 Ptelea 5^9 Pteridium 130 Pteris 130 Ptiiimnium 598 Puccinellia, -43 Pursh, Fred'k, 339 Purslane 435 Marsh 580 Sea 435 Putty-root 378 Pyrola 6o9 Pyxidanthera 629 Pyxie 629 Quaker-Lady 7°i Quercus 404 alba ',08 bicolor 409 brittoni |i2 coccinea, 40S heterophylla 411 ilicifolia 407 hyrata 409 marilandica 407 michauxii 4io palustris, 405 phellos 408 prinus, 410 prinoides 4io rubra 404 rudkini 411 stellata 409 pAGi;. Quercus triloba, 406 velutina, 405 Quill Wort, 144 Radicula, 463 Rannesque, C. S 573 Rag\veed 725 Rannuculus 45o Raspberry Black cap 478 Rattle box 497 Rattlesnake master, 594 Plantain, 376 Root 723 Weed 722 Redbud 493 Redroot 354 Red-top 225 Tall, 236 Redfield, J. H 30 Reed 235 Bur see Bur-reed. Sea Sand 228 Pine Barren 228 Salt 233 Reed grass, 227 Rhamnus 546 Rhcxia 576 Rhododendron 614 Rhus 536 Ribes 473 Ribvi'ort, 698 Rice, Wild 214 Rice Cut-grass, 216 Robina 475 Rocket, Sea 4^3 Rosa 48s Rose Glossy 485 Low 485 Swamp 485 Sweetbrier 476 Rotala 574 Rudbeckia 769 Rue, Goat's, 49S Meadow 458 Ruellia 696 Rumex 421 Ruppia 165 Rush Awl-leaved, 332 Bayonet 333 Beaked 277 Bristly 332 Bull 269 Canada 335 Chair-maker's 269 Club 267 Common 329 Forked 33i Grass-leaved 332 Greene's 33 1 Horned 276 INDEX. 82r, PAGE. Rush Jointed 334 New Jersey 334 Nut 282 Proliferous 333 Scirpus-like, 335 Scouring 138 Sliarp-fruited 336 Sharp-fronted 336 Slender 331 Spike, 258 Toad 330 Food 330 Twig 282 Weak 336 Wood 336 Rush-grass 222 Rye, Wild 245 Rynchospora 275 Rynchospora alba 277 axillaris 280 cymosa 281 filifolia 279 fusca 280 glomerata 279 gracilienta 277 inundata 2y6 knieskernii, 278 leptocarpa 279 macrostachya, 276 microcephala 280 oligantha 277 pallida 278 rariflora, 281 smallii 279 torreyana 281 Sabatia 638 Sage 667 Sagina 439 Sagittaria 169 Salicornia 430 Salix 392 Salomonia, 349 Salsola 433 Saltwort 433 Salvia {667 Sambucus, 708 Samolus 631 Sand Bur 214 Sand Myrtle 615 Sand Reed, Sea 228 Sand Spurry 436 Salt Marsh 442 Sandwort, Blunt-leaved 441 Pine Barren 440 Salt Marsh 442 Sea Beach 441 Thyme-leaved 437 Sanguinaria, 461 Sanguisorba 484 Sanicle 593 PAGE. Sanicle, White 738 Sanicula 593 Sapponaria, 436 Sarothra 557 Sarracenia 467 Sarsaparilla, Bristly 590 Wild 589 Sassafras 459 Saururus 390 Savastana 216 Saxifraga 471 Saxifrage, Early 471 Golden 472 Swamp 471 St. Andrews Cross 552 St. John's Wort, 553 Pink, 537 St. Peter's Wort 552 Scheuchzeria 167 Schizaea, 125 Schwalbea 687 Scirpus 266 Scirpus americanus, 269 atrovirens 271 cyperinus 272 debilis, 26S eriophorum 273 fluviatilis, 271 georgianus 271 lineatus, 272 longi 272 nanus, 267 olneyi 269 paludosus 271 planifolius 268 robustus 270 setosus 269 smithii 269 subterminalis 268 torreyi 270 validus 270 Scleranthus 437 Scleria 282 Sclerolepis 73i Scorpian Grass 6S9 Scouring Rush, 138 Scrophularia, 67S Scullcap 665 Scutellaria, 664 Sea Blight 432 Sea Lavender 633 Sea Pink 639 Sea Purslane 435 Sea Rocket 463 Sedges (Carex) 290 Sedge, Autumnn! 265 Bristling 253 Chestnut 266 Hair-like 265 Globose 254 826 INDEX. PAGE. Sedge, Gray's 255 Lancaster 253 Irovv, 250 Marsh 251 Michaux's, 252 Nuttall's 250 Pine Barren 255 Red-rooted, J52 Rough 254 Shining 250 Slender 256 Small-toothed 251 Straw-colored 253 Teasel-like 254 Toothed 251 Yellow 249 Seed Box 582 Selaginella 143 Self-heal 666 Senua, Wild 494 Senecio ttj Sensitive-Kea 493 Sericocarpus 753 Service-berry 488 Sesuvium 435 Setaria 213 Shad-bush 488 Shepherd's Purse 462 Sickle pod 466 Sicyos 714 Sida , . . 549 Silene, ^37 Sisymbrium 462 Sisyrinchium 360 Slum, 597 Skunk Cabbage 316 Slipper Plant 364 Smart weed 421 Smilax 351 Smith, Chas. E 269 Snake-head 678 Snakeroot, Black 451 Button 740 Seneca 524 Virginia 418 Sneezeweed 774 Solanum, 675 Solidago 742 Sol'dago altissima 751 arguta 7So bicolor 744 caesia 744 canadensis 7Si elliottii, 748 erecta 745 fistulosa 748 flexicauHs, 744 gigantea 75° juncea 7S0 neglecta 740 PAGE. Solidago nemoralis, 751 odora 747 patula 748 puberula 745 rugosa, 747 sempervirens 746 serotina 750 speciosa 743 stricta 746 ulmifolia 748 uniligulata, 750 Solomon's Seal 349 Sonchus 719 Sorghastrum 184 Sorrel, Engelmann's 421 Horse 419 Sorrel, Wood 516 Sow Thistle 719 Spanish Needle, 774 Sparganium 159 Spartina 232 Spathyema, 316 Spatter Dock 444 Specularia 715 Speedwell 682 Sphenopholis, 229 Spicewood 460 Spider wort 325 Spigelia 637 Spike Rush, 258 Spikenard Star-flowered, 348 Wild, 348, 589 Spiraea, 477 Spirodela 318 Sporobolus, 222 Spring Beauty 43S Spurge 527 Squaw Root 695 Squaw-weed 777 Stachys (>^7 Stagger-bush 618 Staphylea, 545 Star Flower 635 Star grass 355 Starwort 529 Stcironima 632 Stenophyllus 265 Stipa 219 .Stone crop 47° Stork's Bill 514 Strawberry, Virginia 481 Strawberry-Bush 542 Sticksced, Virginia 658 .Strophostyles 5^3 Struthiopteris I37 Stylosanthes, 499 Sumac ^ 536 Sundews 468 Sundrops 584 Sunflower "69 IXDEX. S2: PAG£. Suntlower, Tickseed 774 Swamp Pink 340 Sweet Bay 446 Sweet Cicily 595 Sweet Pepperbush 60 Sweet Fern 396 Syndesmon 454 Synosma, 776 Syntherisma 188 Tanacetum 727 Tape Grass 173 Taxodium 151 Tea, New Jersey 546 Tearthumb 426 Tecomia 695 Teucrium, 663 Thalesia 694 Thalictrum, 458 Thaspium 599 Thistles 778 Thistle, Sow 719 Thorn, Dwarf 489 Cockspur 489 Scarlet 4S9 Three Square 269 Tickseed, Rose-colored 771 Tick-trefoil, 500 Tissa 436, 442 Tilia 548 Tipularia 378 Toad-flax, 677 False 418 Tobacco, Indian 717 Tofieldia 337 Touch-me-not 545 Tradescantia 325 Triadenum 557 Trichostema 664 Tridens 236 Trientalis 633 Trifolium 496 Triglochin ;66 Trillium 350 Triosteum 711 Triplasis 236 Tripsacum 180 Trumpet Creeper 695 Tsuga 150 Tulip-tree 448 Tumbleweed 433 Turkey-beard 339 Twayblade, Large 377 Loesel's 377 Southern 375 Twin Berry 703 Typha 158 Ulmus 412 Uni folium 349 Uniola 239 Urtica 41S PACE. Urticastrum 415 Utricularia 688 Uvularia 343 Uvursy 621 \'accinium 624 Vagnera 348 Valerianella 713 Vallisneria 173 Venus' L,ooking-glass 715 Veratrum 342 Verbena, 660 Verbesina, 771 Vernonia, 730 Veronica 682 Vervain 660 Vetch, Marsh 510 Sensitive Joint, 498 Wild 495 Viburnum 708 Vicia, 495 Viola 564 Viola, affinis, 568 blanda 570 brittoniana 567 conspersa 572 cucullata 568 emarginata 570 fimbriatula, 569 hirsutula 568 lanceolata, 571 lineariloba 565 pallens 570 palmata 566 papilionacea 568 pedata 565 prunulifolia, 571 pubescens, 571 rafinesquii 572 rotundifolia 570 sagittata 569 scabriuscula, 572 sororia, 567 striata 572 triloba 566 Violets 565 Virginia Creeper 548 Virgin's Bower 454 Vitis 546 Wake-robin, Ill-scented 350 Nodding 350 Walnut, Black 397 Washingtonia 595 Water Beech 399 Water Hemp 434 Water Lily 445 Water Nymph 165 Water Parsnip, Hemlock 597 Water Plantain 168 Dwarf, 168 Water Shield, 443 i26 INDEX. PAGE. Water Star Grass ^z-j Water Starwort 529 Water Weed 173 Water-leaf, Virginia 657 Waterwort 558 Wax Myrtle 396 W^hitlow Grass 462, 465 Weeds, 99 Wild Celery 173 Wild Ginger 418 Wild Leak 344 Wild Parsnip 591 Wild Pink 437 Wild Poppy 460 Wild Potato 653 Wild Rice 214 Wild Rye 245 Wild Yam 358 Willow, Black 392 Bebb's 394 Glaucous, 394 Hart-leaved 393 Prairie 394 Sage 394 Sand-bar 393 Shining 395 Silky, 395 Virginia, 472 Water 697 Weeping 391 PAGB. Willow, Yellow 393 Willow-herb 582 Willugbaeya 739 Wind-flower 453 Winter-berry 540 Wintergreen, 608, 620 Flowering, 525 Wister, C. J 379 Withe-rod, 710 Wolffia 319 Wood Betony 688 Wood Sorrel 516 Woodwardia 131 Wool-grass 272 Wormwood 775 Xanthium 726 Xerophyllum 339 Xolisma 618 Xyris 319 Yam, Wild, 358 Yarrow 730 Yellow-eyed Grass 320 Zannichellia, 165 Zanthoxylum 518 Zizania 214 Zizia, 595 Zostera 166 Zygadenis, 342 Zygadine, "Coast 342 PLATES PLATE II. tJriginal Plioto. 1 and 2. PITCH PINE. Pinus rigida. 3 and 4. OLD-FIELD PINE. P. taeda. X.6. N. J. Plants. PLATE III. Original Photo. Nat. size. 1 and 2. YELLOW PINE. P. echinata. 3. JERSEY PINE. P. virginiana= 4. POND PINE. P. serotina. N. J. Plants. PLATE IV.^n Original Photo. PINE LEAVES. 1. Pinus taeda. 5. P. strobus. 2. P. serotina. 6. P. virginiana. 3 and 4. P. rigida. 7 and 8. P. echinata. N. J. Plants. PLATE V. 1 twX^I / ;,- -- ^ ^4 i^«^p^ Photos by B. Long. 1. SEA-BEACH SANDWORT. Ammodenia peploides maritima. 2. SEA SAND REED. Ammophila arenaria. N. J. Plants. PLATE VI. Original l'h..ti 1. Tripsacum dactyloides. 2. Coelorachis rugosa. GRASSES. 3. Stipa avenacea. 4. Andropogon corymbosus abbreviatus. N. J. Plants. PLATE VII. v^ ^ i it -^ '\^k^ M! 1 Original Photo. Nat. size. GRASSES. 1. Deschampsia flexuosa. 4. Homalocenchrus oryzoides. 2. Poa pratensis. 5. Panicum longifolium. 3. Muhlenbergia sylvatica. 6. Syntherisma filiformis. J. Plants. PT.ATE VIII. Original Plioto. GRASSES. 1. Amphicarpon amphicarpon. 4. Aristida gracilis. 2. Distychlis spicata. 5. Danthonia spicata. 3. Triplasis purpurea. 6. Andropogon scoparius. Nat. size. 7. Alopecurus geniculatus. 8. Andropogon virginicus. 9. Aristida dichotoma. N. J. Plants. PLATE IX. Original Plioto. GRASSES. X.6. 1. Panicum dichotomum. 4. Panicularia septentrionalis. 2. P. virgatum (part of panicle). 5. Eragrostis pectinacea (part of panicle). 3. P. capillare. 6. Gymnopogon ambiguus. N. J. Plants. PLATE X. /a Original Photo. Nat. size. GRASSES. 1. Calamagrostis cinnoides. 3. Phalaris arundinacea. 5. Brachyelytrum erectum. 2. Dactylis glomeratus. 4. Holcus lanatus. N. J. Plants. PLATE XL i' V 1: tr II 1^11 ,r It/' '-^ # x-V m 4f f/ ' f \ s/ V, ■Hi' Original Plioto. GRASSES. L Sorghastrum nutans. 4. Elymus striatus. 2. Phragmites phragmites. 5. Chaetocloa imberbis. 3. Echinocloa walteri. 6. Elymus virginicus. PLATE XII. Original Photo. 1. Panicum condensum. 2. Aristida purpurascens. 3. Agrostis alba. GRASSES. 4. Cinna arundinacea. 5. Paspalum laeve angustifolium. 6. P. glabratum. N. J. Plants. PLATE XIII. ..m "^W m Original Photo ifr GRASSES. 1. Calamovilfa brevipilis. 3. Tridens flavus. 2. Eragrostis pilosa. X.7. 4. Sporobolus serotinus. N. J. Plants. PLATE XIV. Original Photo Nat. size. GRASSES. 1. Festuca octoflora. 4. S. clandestinus. 2. F. elatior. 5. Sphenopholis pallens. 3. Sporobolus vaginaeflorus. 6. Uniola laxa. N. J. Plants. PLATE XV. Original Photo. X.6. GRASSES. 1. Spartina cynosuroides. 4. P. obtusa. 2. Erianthus saccharoides. 5. Spartina patens. 3. Panicularia canadensis. 6. Cenciirus carolinensis. J. Plants. PLATE XVI. Original Photo. SEDGES. Nat. size. I. Cyperus lancastnensis; 2. C. hystricinus; 3. C. cylindricus; 4. C. ovularis: 5. C. fil. macilentus; 0. C. grayi; 7. C. pseudovegetus (single cluster of heads); 8. C. dentatus; 9. C. flavescens; 10. C. stngosus (single head from large inflorescence); 11. C. speciosus (single head); 12. C. erythrorhizos (single head); 13. C. rivularis; 14. C. diandrus; 15. C. nuttalli: 16. C. esculentus (single head). I-**' N. J. Plants. PLATE XVII. Original Photc SEDGES AND SPIKE-RUSHES. Nat. I. Fimbristylis castaneus; 2. F. autuninalis; 3. Stcnophylis capillacea; 4. Dulichium arundinaceum; 5- Eleocharis interstincta; 6. E. quadiangulata; 7. E. robbinsii; 8. E. tuberculosa; 9. E. melanocarpa; 10. E. trichostata; 11. E. glaucescens; 12. E. rostellata; 13. E. tortilis; 14. E. ocreata; 15. E. acicu- laris; 16. E. torreyana; 17. E. obtusa; 18. E- tenviis. N. J. Plants. PLATE XVIII. Original Photo. >Jat. size. BEAKED-RUSHES. 1. Rynchospora macrostachya (part of inflorescence) ; 2. R. knieskernii ; 3. R. cymosa; 4. R. rariflora; 5. R. torreyana; 6. R. fusca; 7. R. glom- erata; 8. R. axillaris; 9. R. oligantha; 10. R. pallida and R. alba. N. J. Plants. PLATE XIX. Original Photo. Nat. size. COTTON-GRASS, NUT-RUSHES, ETC. 1. Eriophorum virginicum. 4. Fuirena hispida. 7. S. ret. torreyana. 2. Cladium mariscoides. 5. Eriophorum tenellum. 3. Scleria verticillata. 6. Scleria triglomerata. N. J. Plants. PLATE XX. Original Photo. Nat. size. SEDGES. I. Scirpus validus; 2. S. planifolius; 3. S. nanus; 4. S. debilis; 5. S. torreyanus; 6. S. subter- minalis; 7. S. americanus; 8. S. olneyi; 9. S. atrovirens (portion only); 10. S. lineatus (portion only); II. S. longii (portion only); 12. S. erio;ihorum (portion only); 13. S. cyperinus (portion only). N. J. Plants. PLATE XXI. X-^'.' n^v," - ^>---; 1'. .('V^N ■ .*■: ,V^ -^ - .^"ft Sa^ -,'''',."-•■'' -^'^ - ■ .»' f' -^'^^j^i^ ,r -- 1 r. ( JW'> ' , H^ :# ^^ Original Photo. Nat. size. 1. Carex stipata. 2. C. vulpinoidea. 3. C. muhlenbergii. 4. C. cephalophora. SEDGES. 5. C. canescens disjuncta. 6. C. crinita. 7. Scirpus robustus. 8. S. fluviatilis (portion only). N. J. Plants. PLATE XXII. 4\m ■■^5, ( '% -C' "•_ -J!^' ■ "^"^^^ Original Photo. SEDGES. Nat. size. 1. Carex lupulina. 2. C. bullata. 3. C. collinsii. 4. C. folliculata. 5. C. intumescens. N. J. Plants. PLATE XXIII. Original Photo. 1. Carex lurida. 2. C. comosa. 3. C. lanuginosa. SEDGES. 4. C. barrattii. 5. C. limosa. 6. C. lacustris. 7. C. walteriana. N. J. Plants. PLATE XXIV Original Photo. 1. Carex livida. 2. C. grisea. 3. C. lax. patulifolia. SEDGES. 4. C. tetanica. 5. C. granularis. 6. C. laxiculmis. Nat. size. 7. C. styloflexa. 8. C. abscondita. N. J. Plants. PLATE XXV. Original Photc 1. Carex striata. 2. C. triceps. 3. C. oblita. SEDGES. 4. C. buxbaumii. 5. C. trichocarpa. 6. C. swanii Xat. size. 7. C. vestita. N. J. Plants. PLATE XXVI. )riginal Photo. Nat. size. SEDGES. 1. Carex scoparia: 2. C. tribuloides; 3. C. silicia; 4. C. hormathodes; 5. C. alata; 6. C. albolutescens; 7. C. straminea; 8. C. festucacea brevior; 9. C. varia emmonsii; 10. C. interior; 11. C. atlantica; 12. C. pennsyl- vanica; 13. C. exilis; 14. C. leptalea harperi; 15. C. umbellata. o UJ UJ _i UJ c OC \t 111 2 ^ m o CO GL 11. !■;. m,,ik. WHORLED POGONIA. Isotria verticillata. N. J. Plants. PLATE L. From Painting by H. E. Stone. RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN. Peramium pubescens. N. J. Plants. PLATE LI. From Painting by H. E. Stone. SLENDER LADIES' TRESSES. Gyrostachys gracilis. N. J. Plants. PLATE LII. From Painting by H. E. Stone. NODDING LADIES' TRESSES. Gyrostachys cernua. X. J. Plants. PLATE LIIl. From Painting by II. F,. Stone. CORAL ROOT. Corallorhiza odontorhiza. N. J. Plants. PLATE LV. Photos by S. Brown. 1. SLENDER GLASSWORT. 2. BIGELOW'S GLASSWORT. 3. SEA-BEACH SANDWORT. Salicornia europaea. S. bigelovij. Ammodenia pep. maritima. T. Plants. PLATE LVI. Photos by S. Brown. 1. SEA ROCKET. 2. SEA BLIGHT. Cakile edentula. Dondia maritima. X. J. Plants. PLATE I.VII. Photos by S. Brown. 1. HALBERT-LEAVED ORACHE. Atriplex hastata. 2. SALTWORT. Salsola kali. N. J. Plants. PLATE LVIIl. Photos by W. Stone. 1. PINE BARREN SANDWORT. Arenaria caroliniana. 2. WHITE AZALEA. Azalea viscosa. N. J. Plants. PLATE LX. From Painting by H. E. Stone. SWAMP MAGNOLIA. Magnolia virginiana. N. J. I'lants. PLATE LXl. Photos by B. Long TULIP POPLAR. Liriodendron tulipifera. PARTRIDGE-BERRY. Mitchella repens. -I 5" N. J. Plants. PLATE LXIIl. From Painting by H. E. Stone. PITCHER PLANT. Sarracenia purpurea. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXV. / r im^M^. 7; > J '/V ^" .■ ,x '•// 'i/^"^ .^^ From l'aintill^;■ liy 11. \i,. Stone. LONG-LEAVED SUNDEW. Drosera longifolia. r ._ --^^ /■~-/J tr. UJ m 111 '^ o I o N. J. Plants. PLATE LXVIIl. Photos by S. Brown, 1. WILD INDIGO. Baptisia tinctoria. 2. PENCIL FLOWER. Stylosanthes biflora. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXIX. From Painting by H. E. Stone. LUPINE. Lupinus perennis. ■^1 X: < •5^ N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXI. From Painting by H. E. Stone. RED CLOVER. Trifolium pratense. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXII. Photos by S. Broun. 1. PINK WILD BEAN. Strophostyles umbellata. 2. GROUND-NUT. Apios apios. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXIII. From Painting by H. E. Stone. CROSS-LEAVED MILKWORT. Polygala cruciata. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXIV. Drawings by H. E. Stone. 1. LOOSE-SPIKED MILKWORT. Polygala ambigua. 2. NUTTALL'S MILKWORT. P. nuttallii. 3. WHORLED MILKWORT. P. verticillata. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXV. I'^k Drawings by H. E. Stone. 1. PINK MILKWORT. Polygala incarnata. 2. RACEMED MILKWORT. P. polygama. N. J. Plants. PLATE L,XXVI. Drawings by H. E. Stone. 1. SHORT-LEAVED MILKWORT. Polygala brevifolia. 2. FLOWERING WINTERGREEN. P. paucifolia. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXVU. -Mi Drawing by H. E. Stone. ORANGE MILKWORT. Polygala lutea. X. J. Plants PLATE LXXVIII. Drawings by 11. E. Stone. 1. MARYLAND MILKWORT. Polygala mariana. 2. PURPLE MILKWORT. P. viridescens. X. J. Plants. PLATE LXXIX. Photos by W. Stone. CONRAD'S CROW-BERRY. Corema Conradii. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXX. Photos by S. Brown. 1. POISON IVY. Rhus radicans. 2. VIRGINIA CREEPER. Psedera quinquefolia. X. J. Plants. PLATE LXXXI. From Painting by H. E. Stone. ROSE MALLOW. Hibiscus moscheutos. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXXII. Photos by S. Brown. 1. ORANGE GRASS. Sarothra gentianoides. 2. RATTLESNAKE MASTER. Eryngium aquaticum. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXXIll. Original I'hoto Nal. size. PINWEEDS. 1. Lechea villosa. 3. L. minor. 2. L. racemulosa. 4. L. maritimum. 5. L. leggetii. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXXIV -* 4 Photos by B. Long. 1. BLUE MARSH VIOLET. Viola cucullata. 2. SPRING BEAUTY. Claytonia virginica. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXXV. From Painting by II. 1{. Stone. BIRD-FOOT VIOLET. Viola pedata lineariloba. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXXVl. From Painting by H. E. Stone. OVATE-LEAVED VIOLET. Viola fimbriatula. N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXXVU. From Painting by II. E. Stone. ARROW-LEAVED VIOLET. Viola sagittata. P o N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXXIX. From Painting by H. E. Stone. SWEET WHITE VIOLET. Viola pallens. N. J. Plants. PLATE XC. Drawings by H. E. Stone. 1. MUDWORT. Limosella tenuifolia. 2. UMBELLATE PENNYWORT. Hydrocotyle umbellata. 3. LILAEOPSIS. Lilaeopsis lineata. N. J. Plants. PLATE XCI. From Painting by }I. E. Stone. SPOTTED WINTERGREEN. Chimaphila maculata. N. J. Plants. PLATE XCIl. Photos by S. Brown. 1. CASSANDRA. Chamaedaphne calyculata. 2. SWEET PEPPER-BUSH. Clethra alnifolia. N. J. Plants. PLATE XCIII. Photos by B. Long 1. WITCH HAZEL. Hamamelis virginiana. 2. INDIAN PIPE. Monotropa uniflora. WINTERGREEN. Gaultheria prooumbens. N. J. Plants. PLATE XCV. O From Painting by H. E. Stone. PINK AZALEA. Azalea nudiflora. N. J. Plants. PLATE XCVI. Photos by S. Brown. 1. BUTTON-BUSH. Cephalanthus occidentalis. 2. SAND MYRTLE. Dendrium buxifolium. N. J. Plants. PLATE XCVII. Photos by S. Brown. 1. WINTERGREEN. Gaultheria procumbens. 2. CRANBERRY. Oxycoccus macrocarpus. s: N. J. Plants. PLATE C. 1. SWAMP LEUCOTHOE. Leucothoe racemosa. 2. CASSANDRA. Chamaedaphne calyculata. 3. BEAR-BERRY. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. N. J. Plants. PLATE CI. Drawings by H. E. Stone. 1. TALL BLUEBERRY. Vaccinium corymbosum. 2. NARROW-LEAVED BLUEBERRY. V. pennsylvanicum. 3. LOW BLUEBERRY. V. vacciMans. N. J. Plants. PLATE cm. From Painting by H. E. Stone. FRINGED GENTIAN. Gentiana crinita. N. J. Plants. PLATE CIV. From Paintins? h\ 11. ]•]. Stune. PINE BARREN GENTIAN, Gentiana porphyrio. N. J. Plants. PLATE CV. From Painting by H. E. Stone. CLOSED GENTIAN. Gentiana andrewsii. N. J. Plants. PLATE CVl. riiotos by S. I'.ruwn. 1. SQUARE-STEMMED CENTAURY. Sabatia angularis. 2. LARGE MARSH CENTAURY. S. dodecandra. 3. SEA PINK. S. stellaris. N. J. Plants. PLATE evil. Photos by S. Crown. 1. PURPLE FOXGLOVE. Gerardia purpurea. 2. BARTONIA. Bartonia virginica. o < ?^ Oh CO N. J. Plants PLATE ex. / y V From Painting by II. E. Slone. HORSE MINT. Monarda punctata. N. J. Plants. PLATE CXI. From Painting bj' H. E. Stone. SNAKE HEAD. Chelone glabra. N. J. Plants. Drawings by H. E. Stone. Nat. size. BLADDERWORTS. 1. Utricularia intermedia. 2. U. purpurea. 3. U. cornuta. 4. U. juncea. PLATE CXIIl. Drawings by H. E. Stone. 1. Utricularia virgatula. 2. U. clandestina. BLADDERWORTS. 3. U. subulata. 4. U. cleistogama. 5. U. gibba. Nat. size. N. J. Plants. PLATE CXIV. Drawing by H. E. Stone. BLADDERWORTS. 1. Utricularia fibrosa. 2. U. inflata. N. J. Plants. PLATE CXV. Drawings by II. E. Stone. HAIRY RUELLIA. Ruellia ciliosa. N. J. Plants. PLATE CXVl. Drawings by H. E. Stone. 1. CLEAVERS. Galium aparine. 2. COAST BEDSTRAW. G. hispidulum. o N. J. Plants. PLATE CXX. .^u ^ From Painting by H. E. Stone. DOWNY LOBELIA. Lobelia puberula. N. J. Plants. PLATE CXXIV From Painting by H. E. Stone. BONESET. Eupatorium perfolialum. N. J. Plants. PLATE CXXV. From Painting by H. H. Stone. STIFF-LEAVED ASTER, lonactis linariifolius. N. J. Plants. PLATE CXXVI. ^ i P^I^W Fgnjif^ ' ^^ m»k£^^tSi^ r ^0: ^^^Bf. S^^/ ^ ^tkn / w ^« // iJ^ssH ^/^ \ ^*- — From Painting by H. E. Stone. SWEET-SCENTED GOLDENROD. Solidago odora. Southern N. J. PLATE CXXVll Photos by T. M. I, gbtfoot and W. Stone. 1. 2. CEDAR SWAMP. DRY PINE WOODS. Southern N. J. PLATE CXXVIIl. Photos by T. M. Lightfoot. VIEWS OF THE WEST PLAINS. LAUREL IN BLOOM. Southern N. J. PLATE CXXIX. Photos uy \v. Stone iind J. M. LiglUtoot. 1. FLOODED CRANBERRY BOG, WITH ROADWAY ON THE DYKE. STAFFORD'S FORGE. 2. SAND DUNES. AND BURIED FOREST. BELOW PIERMONT. 0^> QK130.sVVlSlTCT°^"''"^"'"'^ aen llllti mm\ii^i^^ P'^"'® °' Southern New 5185 00128 4981