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PLUTARCH'S LIVES

IX

DEMETRIUS AND ANTONY

PYRRHUS AND GAIUS

MARIUS

BERNADOTTE PERRIN

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Translated by [!=:

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"^mnlft* lief nl 1 non titlfc rnn hf>

te list of Loeb titles can be
found at the end of each volume

PLUTARCH (Plutarchus, c. A.D. 45-
1 2o, was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia
in central Greece, studied philosophy at
Athens, and, after coming to Rome as a
teacher in philosophy, was given consular
rank by the emperor Trajan and a procura-
torship in Greece by Hadrian. Married
and father of one daughter and four sons,
he appears as a man of kindly character
and independent thought. Studious and
learned, he wrote on many subjects. Most
popular have always been the 46 Parallel
Lives, biographies planned to be ethical
examples in pairs (in each pair one Greek
person and one similar Roman), though
the last four lives are single. All are in-
valuable sources of our knowledge of the
lives and characters of Greek and Roman
statesmen or soldiers or orators. Plutarch's
many other varied extant works, about
60 in number, are known as 'Moral
Essays' or 'Moral Works'. They are of
high literary value, besides being of great
use to people interested in philosophy,
ethics and religion.

\

9?i'6

NY PUBLIC LIBRARY THE BRANCH LIBRARIES

II

1

1

I

3 3333 08668 391 5

-0203376

NOT TO BE TAKEN ROM IKE RO

THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY

FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D.
EDITED BY

E. H. WARMINGTON, M.A., F.R.HIST.SOC.

FORMER EDITORS

|T. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. -j-E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D.

fW. H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D. L. A. POST, L.H.D.

PLUTARCH'S LIVES
IX

101

PLUTARCH'S
LIVES

WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY
BERNADOTTE PERRIN

IN ELEVEN VOLUMES
IX

DEMETRIUS AND ANTONY
PYRRHUS AND CAIUS MARIUS

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS

LONDON

WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD

MOMLXVIH

First printed 1920
Reprinted 1950, 1959, 1968

Printed in Great Britain

CONTENTS

PAGE

PREFATORY NOTE vii

ORDER OF THE PARALLEL LIVES IN THIS EDITION ... ix

TRADITIONAL ORDER OF THE PARALLEL LIVES X

DEMETRIUS 1

ANTONY 137

COMPARISON OF DEMETRIUS AND ANTONY 333

PYRRHUS 345

CAIUS MARIUS 463

DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES 601

PREFATORY NOTE

As in the preceding volumes of this series, agree-
ment between the Sintenis (Teubner, 1873-1875)
and Bekker (Tauchnitz, 1855-1857) editions of the
Parallel Lives has been taken as the basis for the
text. Any preference of one to the other, and an}^
important deviation from both, have been indicated.
An abridged account of the manuscripts of Plutarch
may be found in the Introduction to the first volume.
Of the Lives presented in this volume, the last part
of the Antony (from chapter Ixxvii.), and the Pyrrhus
and Marius are contained in the Codex Sanger-
manensis (S s ), but none in the Codex Seitenstet-
tensis (S). These are the two oldest and most
authoritative manuscripts. The readings of the
excellent Paris manuscript No. 1676 (F a ) are not
accessible for any of them. No attempt has been
made, naturally, to furnish either a diplomatic text
or a full critical apparatus. For these, the reader
must be referred to the major edition of Sintenis
(Leipzig, 1839-1846, 4 voll., 8vo), or to the new
text of the Lives by Lindskog and Ziegler, in the
Teubner Library of Greek and Latin texts (now

vii

PREFATORY NOTE

half published). In the present edition, the reading
which follows the colon in the brief critical notes is
that of the Teubner Sintenis, and also, unless other-
wise stated in the note, of the Tauchnitz Bekker.

The Siefert-Blass edition of the Pyrrhus, in the
Teubner series of annotated Greek and Latin texts,
has been of great service.

All the standard translations of the Lives have
been carefully compared and utilized, including
those of the Antony and Marius by Professor Long.

B. PERRIN.

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
June, 1920.

Mil

ORDER OF THE PARALLEL LIVES IN THIS

EDITION IN THE CHRONOLOGICAL SEQUENCE

OF THE GREEK LIVES.

VOLUME I.

(1) Theseus and Romulus.
Comparison.

(2) Lycurgus and Numa.
Comparison.

(3) Solon and Publicola.
Comparison.

VOLUME II.

(4) Themistocles and

Camillus.

(9) Aristides and Cato the

Elder.
Comparison.

(13) Cimon and Lucullus.
Comparison.

VOLUME III.

(5) Pericles and Fabius Max-

imus.
Comparison.

(14) Nicias and Crassus.
Comparison.

VOLUME IV.

(6) Alcibiades and Coriola-

nus.

Comparison.
12) Lysancler and Sulla.
Comparison.

VOLUME V.

16) Agesilaiis and Pompey.

Comparison.
(8) Pelopidas and Marcellus.

Comparison.

VOLUME VI.
(22) Dion and Brutus.

Comparison.
(7) Timoleon and Aemilius

Paul us.
Comparison.

VOLUME VII.
(20) Demosthenes and Cicero.

Comparison.

(17) Alexander and Julius
Caesar.

VOLUME VIII.

(15) Sertorius and Eumenes.

Comparison.

(18) Phocion and Cato the
Younger.

VOLUME IX.
(21) Demetrius and Antony.

Comparison.
(11) Pyrrhus and Caius Marius.

(19)

(10)

(24)

(23)
(25)
(26)

VOLUME X.
Agis and Cleomenes, and

Tiberius and Caius

Gracchus.
Comparison.
Philopoemen and Flam-

ininus.
Comparison.

VOLUME XI.

Aratus.
Artaxerxes
Galba.
Otho.

IX

THE TRADITIONAL ORDER OF THE
PARALLEL LIVES.

(1) Theseus and Romulus.

(2) Lycurgus and Numa.

(3) Solon and Publicola.

(4) Themistocles and Camillas.

(5) Pericles and Fabius Maximus.

(6) Alcibiades and Coriolanus.

(7) Timoleon and Aernilius Paulus.

(8) Pelopidas and Marcellus.

(9) Aristides and Cato the Elder.

(10) Philopoemen and Flamininus.

(11) Pyrrhus and Caius Marius.

(12) Lysander and Sulla.

(13) Cimon and Lucullus.

(14) Nicias and Crassus.

(15) Sertorius and Eumenes.

(16) Agesilaiis and Pompey.

(17) Alexander and Julius Caesar.

(18) Phocion and Cato the Younger.

(19) Agis and Cleomenes, and Tiberius and Caius

Gracchus.

(20) Demosthenes and Cicero.

(21) Demetrius and Antony.

(22) Dion and Brutus.

(23) Artaxerxes.

(24) Aratus.

(25) Galba.
(20) Otho.

DEMETRIUS

AHMHTPIO2

I. Qi irpwroi rd$ re^vas eoiKevai, rals alcrQr)- Part
(recrtv V7ro\a/36vr6S ov% iJKiard JJLOL BOKOIHTI rr)v a. 1024

ra? Kpicreis avr&v Karavotja-ai, ^vvafjav, 17

rovro yap
KOLVQV ecrri' rfj Be 77/309 rd re\rj rwv

2 dva(f)0pa Bia\\drrov<ri,v. rj /jLev yap alcrOriais
ovoev n fjidXXov eVl \evKwv rj p,e\dvwv Biayvw-
aei yeyovev, ovBe yXvKewv rj rfiKpwv, ovBe fjba\a-
KWV Kat, eiKovrwv rj crKXrjpwv Kal dvrLrvirwv, aXX'
kpyov auTr}9 eKdarois evrvy%dvovaav VTTO Trdv-

re KLvelcrOai Kal Kivov^kvi^v 77/009 TO fypovovv
a>9 TreiTovOev. al Be re^vai /jierd \oyov
Tr/309 aipecriv Kal \ri-ty-iv OLKeiov rivos,
Be Kal SuiKpovcnv d\\orplov, rd fjiev a<^>'
TTporjyovfjLevws, rd Be VTrep rov (f>v\dt;acr0ai

3 Kara av^e/SfjKo^ 7ri0ecopovcrr Kal <vdp larpiK-fj

9 I I 4/

TO voaepov Kal dpjjLOVLKf) TO eVyu-eXe^, 6V&)9 e^et,

(TKOTreLV crv^peprjKe 77/009 TTJV rwv ei'avriwv drrep-

' r/ / n

ya&uav, at Te Tracrco^ reXeiorarai re^vwv,

^ \ ^ f \ /

pocrvvrf Kai oiKaiocrvvri KCLI dtpovriffis, ov

1 eV fKUTtpcf Coraes and Bekker, after Reiske :

2

DEMETRIUS

I. THOSE who first assumed that the arts are like
the bodily senses, seem to me to have perceived very
clearly the power of making distinctions which both
possess, by which power we are enabled to apprehend
opposites, as well in the one case as in the other.
For the arts and the senses have this power in
common ; though in the use to which we put the
distinctions made, they differ. For our sense-
perception has no greater facility in distinguishing
white objects than black, or sweet things than bitter,
or soft and yielding substances than hard and re-
sisting ones, but its function is to receive impressions
from all objects alike, and having received them, to
report the resulting sensation to the understanding.
The arts, on the other hand, which proceed by the
use of reason to the selection and adoption of what
is appropriate, and to the avoidance and rejection of
what is alien to themselves, contemplate the one
class of objects with direct intent and by preference,
and yet incidentally contemplate the other class also,
and in order to avoid them. For instance, the art
of healing has incidentally studied the nature of
disease, and the art of harmony the nature of
discord, in order to produce their opposites ; and
the most consummate arts of all, namely, temper-
ance, justice, and wisdom, since their function is
to distinguish, not only what is good and just

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

Kal biKaiwv KOI (t)(f)\i/ji(i)v, d\\d Kal j3\a- 889

KOI ala"%pwv /cal dSiKtov Kpicreis ova-ai,
cnreipia rwv Ka/cwv Ka\\a)7ri^o/jLvr)v dfcaKiav
OVK tiraivovGiv, a XX' dftekrcpiav rjyouvrai
ayvoiav &v /maXiaTa yivdxTKeiv Trpoarjicei

4 opOws /3ia)<ro[ivou<;. 01 p.ev ovv TraXaiol
riarai TOU? ftXcora? eV rat? eoprals TTO\VV dva<y-
Kd^ovTes 'nlve.iv axparov elafjyov et? ra av/jLTrocna,

TOt? VeOlS OIQV <JTl TO /jL0l>eiV 7TlSlKVVVT<i'

fj/jiels Be Tr]v fjiev e/c ^acrrpoc^T)? erepwv ejravop-
Owcriv ov irdvv (})i\dvdpa)7rov ovBe TroXiTircrjv

5 rjyovjAeOa, rwv Be Ke^piffjievwv dar/c7n orepov av-
Tot? KOL yeyovorwv ev e^ovaLai^ /cal
/jbyd\oi<; eTrifyavwv ei? KdKiav, ov ^elpov
ecrrl crv^vyiav fjLiav rj Bvo Trape/z/SaXet^ et? rd
irapaBeiyfiara rwv ftiwv, OVK e'</>' ifiovf), /JLCL At'a,
Kal Siaycoyfj r&v Gvrvy^apovrwv

6 TrjV ypafirjv, aXX' wcnrep t l<r/j, l t]via<; 6
7riSi/cvv/jLvo5 rot? paO i]T al<$ Kal TOL? ev /cal
TOU? KaKws av\ovvTa<$ elcoOet, \yeiv, "
av\elv Set," Kal ird\iv t " OI/TCO? av\elv ov

o 5' 'AvriyeviSas Kal TI^LOV coero rwv dyaflaw
aKpoaaOai TOU? i/e'ou? av\.r)rwv edv Kal TWV

ovra)

Kal T^yttet? TrpoOufjiorepoL TWV (3e\Ti6vwv e
Kal flearal Kal fjLi/jLrjral ftlwv el /jirjoe rwv <$av\wv
Kal ^Ireyo/jLevcav di'KTToprjrws e^OLfiev.
7 Ylepie^eL Brj TOVTO TO (SifSKiov rov ^tj/jirjrpiov
rov Tlo\iop/fr/rov fiiov Kal ' KVTWVLOV rov avro-
Kpdropos, dvSpwv /jLaXiara Brj TU>

on Kal /ca/cta? fieydXas, w

DEMETRIUS, i. 3-7

and expedient, but also what is bad and unjust
and disgraceful, have no praises for a guilelessness
which plumes itself on its inexperience of evil, nay,
they consider it to be foolishness, and ignorance of
what ought especially to be known by men who
would live aright. Accordingly, the ancient Spartans
would put compulsion upon their helots at the
festivals to drink much unmixed wine, and would
then bring them into the public messes, in order to
show their young men what it was to be drunk.
And though I do not think that the perverting of
some to secure the setting right of others is very
humane, or a good civil policy, still, when men have
led reckless lives, and have become conspicuous, in
the exercise of power or in great undertakings, for
badness, perhaps it will not be much amiss for me to
introduce a pair or two of them into my biographies,
though not that I may merely divert and amuse my
readers by giving variety to my writing. Ismenias
the Theban used to exhibit both good and bad
players to his pupils on the flute and say, " you must
play like this one," or again, "you must not play like
this one " ; and Antigenidas used to think that
young men would listen with more pleasure to good
flute-players if they were given an experience of bad
ones also. So, I think, we also shall be more eager
to observe and imitate the better lives if we are not
left without narratives of the blameworthy and the
bad.

This book will therefore contain the Lives of
Demetrius the City-besieger and Antony the Im-
perator, men who bore most ample testimony to the
truth of Plato's saying 1 that great natures exhibit

1 It is uncertain what passage in Plato is meant.

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

dperds, at ueyd\ai (pvcreis exfpepovcri. yevoaevoi

S' 6yU,OtCt)9 epCOTlKOl, 7TOTLKOL, CTTpaTLCOTlKOL, fjL6ja-

\oBa>poi, TToXureXefc, vftpio~Tai, KOI ra? Kara
8 TV^]V ouoioTrjras aKO\ov6ov<s ea^ov. ov jap
jjiovov ev TO) XotTro) ftiw aeyd\a fjiev /caropOovvres,
/jiyd\a Be a(f)a\\6/j,evii, 7r\Lcrr(i)v Se eTritcpa-
ToO^Te?,7rXeZ(TTa Se a7ro/5aXXo^re?, a7r/?ocr8o/c?/Ta)9
Be TTTaiovres, dv~\,7ricrTti>s Be ira\iv dvatyepovres
BieTe\ecrai>, aXXa KOI Karecrrpe^ap, 6 /Jiev aXou?
VTTO TWV 7ro\e/j,L(i)i>, 6 Be eyjiara rov ira9e.lv
rovro yevo/jbevos.

II. \\VTLyova) Toivvv Bveiv viwv e/c ^rparoi'L-
/c?7? rr}? Koppdyov yevojJLevwv, TOV /^ev eirl rd-
Be\(fxp ArjijLiJTpioy, TOV 8' eVl ru> Trarpl Qi

dt)VO/jia<TV. OUT09 (TTIV 6 TWV 7T\L(TT(0V

Be TOV Ar)/u.iJTpiov ov% viov, aXX' dBe\(f)tBovv
t, TOV 'AvTiyovov \eyovcriv eVi vrjTrlq)
ydp avTW iravTaTracri TOV 7rar/3o? T6\6VTrjaavTO^,
eiTa TT}? /T^T/JO? ev9vs TCO 'Avriyovcp

2 VLOV e/ceuvov vo^io6r]vai. TOV /lev ovv

ov TroXXot? T(7L TOV Arj^rjTpiOV ve(t)Tpov ovTa
reXeur^crat* Ar;yu.//TyOio? Be /j,eye0et, fjiev
TOV 7rarpo9 eXarTcoi/, /calrrep wv /j.eyas, IBea
Be Kal /taXXet TrpoaayTrov Oav^acrTO^ Kal rrepiTTos,
wcrre TMV Tr\aTTovTMV Kal ypatyovTwv ar/0eva
T?}9 6aoioTr)TO$ e(f)iKecr0ai. TO yap avTo X a P lv
KOL /3a^oo9 Kal <po/3ov Kal wpav el^e, Kal avveKe-
KpaTO T) veapw Kal LTaau) BVCT/JLI^ITO^ iipwiKi']

3 Tt9 eTTidtdveta Kal ftacriXiKr aeavoTi^. OVTW Be

TO r)o<$ 7re()VKei 77/009 eKTrrjiv v-
d/na Kal %dpiv. '>]Sio~TO<> yap a>v crvy-
yeveaffai, o")^o\d^wv re Trepl TTOTO^ xal

6

DEMETRIUS, i. 7-11. 3

great vices also, as well as great virtues. Both alike
were amorous, bibulous, warlike, munificent, extrava-
gant, and domineering, and they had corresponding
resemblances in their fortunes. For not only were
they all through their lives winning great successes,
but meeting with great reverses ; making innumerable
conquests, but suffering innumerable losses ; unex-
pectedly falling low, but unexpectedly recovering
themselves again ; but they also came to their end,
the one in captivity to his enemies, and the other on
the verge of this calamity.

II. To begin, then, Antigonus had two sons by
Stratonice the daughter of Corrhagus, one of whom
he named Demetrius, after his brother, and the other
Philip, after his father. This is what the majority
of writers say. But some have it that Demetrius
was not the son, but the nephew of Antigonus ; for
his own father died when the boy was quite young,
and then his mother immediately married Antigonus,
so that Demetrius was considered to be his son.
Well then, Philip, who was a few years younger than
Demetrius, died. Demetrius, the surviving son, had
not the height of his father, though he was a tall
man, but he had features of rare and astonishing
beauty, so that no painter or sculptor ever achieved a
likeness of him. They had at once grace and
strength, dignity and beauty, and there was blended
with their youthful eagerness a certain heroic look
and a kingly majesty that were hard to imitate.
And in like manner his disposition also was fitted to
inspire in men both fear and favour. For while he
was a most agreeable companion, and most dainty
of princes in the leisure devoted to drinking and

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

/col SiaiTas d/3po/3icoTaTos /3a(ii\e(i)v, evepyoTaTov
av Trakiv /cal G^o^poTaTOV TO 7T6pl Ta?

eVSeXe^e? ^X Ka ^ $P a < rri lP i v' V Ka ^

Bewv eZrjXov TOV Aiovvcrov, &>? 7roXe'yu,&) re
Beivorarov, eiptfvrjv re avOis CK 7ro\e/j,ov
vrpo? v(f>pocruv^v teal xdpiv e/jifj,e\ea'Tarov.
III. ^Hv fiev ovv /cal fyiXoTraTwp ^ia^epovrw^'
fi Se Trepl Ti~)V pr/repa (nrov&f] /cal TOV Trarepa 890

evvotav

depaireiav TT}? SumyLtea)?. /eat Trore Trpecrffeia
rivl TOV 'AvTiyovov cr^oXa^o^ro? CLTTO 6i]pas o
A?;//, 77-773 to ? eTreaTT)' /cal TrpocreXdwv TCO TraTpl /cal
<^L\i]o-a^, axTTrep et^e ra? /3oX,tSa?, e/cdOicre trap*
2 avTov. 6 Be 'AvTiyovos airiovTa^ ?;Sr; TOU?
cr/?ei? eyovras ra? aTTOKpicreis /JLeyd\rj
'7rpoa-ayopV(ra<;, " Kal TOUTO," elirev, " w a

6 irepl j^wr, <m TT/JO? a\X?;Xou9 ou-
TCO? exo/jLv" &)? Ivyvv TWO, 7r pay /jLaTwv

Kal $vvd/Aa)<; 67riSeij;iv ovcrav TTJV TT/OO? viov
3 ofjiovoiav Kal TTLCTTIV. OVTWS dpa

vr)TQV i] dp%)], /cal jnea~Tov

dydXXecrdai TOV fieyidTOv TWV '

v /cal TrpevftvTaTov OTI /JLIJ (^oySetrat TOV
vlov, a\\d 7rpocriTai TTJV Xoy^iji' e^ovTa TOV
(Tco/^aro? Tr\rfo-iov. ov /jirjv d\\d Kal /JLOVOS, co?
elirelv, 6 ol/vo? OVTO<$ 7rl TrXetVra? SiaBo^a^
TO)V TOLOVTWV KaKwv KaddpV(7e, /jidX\ov Se et?
/jiovos TWV air AvTiyovou ^tX^TTTro? dvel\V vlov.
8

DEMETRIUS, n. 3-111. 3

luxurious ways of living, on the other hand he had a
most energetic and eager persistency and efficiency
in action. Wherefore he used to make Dionysus
his pattern, more than any other deity, since this
god was most terrible in waging war, and on the
other hand most skilful, when war was over, in
making peace minister to joy and pleasure.

III. Moreover, Demetrius was also exceedingly
fond of his father ; and from his devotion to his
mother it was apparent that he honoured his father
also from genuine affection rather than out of de-
ference to his power. On one occasion, when
Antigonus was busy with an embassy, Demetrius
came home from hunting ; he went up to his father
and kissed him, and then sat down by his side just
as he was, javelins in hand. Then Antigonus, as the
ambassadors were now going away with their answers,
called out to them in a loud voice and said : " O
men, carry back this report also about us, that this is
the way we feel towards one another," implying
that no slight vigour in the royal estate and proof of
its power were to be seen in his haimionious and
trustful relations with his son. So utterly unsociable
a thing, it seems, is empire, and so full of ill-will and
distrust, that the oldest and greatest of the suc-
cessors of Alexander could make it a thing to glory
in that he was not afraid of his son, but allowed him
near his person lance in hand. However, this house
was almost the only one which kept itself pure from
crimes of this nature for very many generations, or,
to speak more definitely, Philip was the only one of
the descendants of Antigonus who put a son to death. 1

1 Philip V., King of Macedonia. Cf. the Aemilius Paulus,
viii. 6.

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

4 at e aXXou o-%&bv aTracrai BiaBo^al rro\\a)v fjiev
iraiSwv* TTO\\O)V Be /jLrjrepcov </>6Vof? KOI
TO fiev jap d&e\(f)ov$ dvaipelv, Mairep
ol yew^erpai ra alnj/jLara \a/ji{3dvovo~iv, OVTCO
crvve^wpeLTO KOIVOV TI vofja^op.evov airrj/jia teal
ftacriXiKQV VTrep acr^aXeta?.

IV. Tov /jLevroi /cal $>i,\dv6 PWTTOV (pvcrei real
(f)i\Taipov yeyovevai TOV &r//ji?JTpiov ev dp^f}
7rapd$iy/jia TQIOVTOV euTiv eiTreli'. Mt^piSaTT;?
6 'Apioftap^dvov 7rat9 eratyoo? rjv avTOU teal tcaff
r)\i/ciav - 1 (JW^Or)^, eOepdrreve Se 'AvTiyoyov, ovre

ovre SOKCOV irovro^, etc 8e evvTrviov

2 vTTo-friav 'Avriyovw irapk(jye.v. eSo/cei yap f^e
teal Ka\ov Trebiov eiriaiv o P^vriyovo^ ^r^^d TI 2
KarcKnreipeiv e avrov Be irpwrov JJLZV
6epos %pvcrovv, oXiyw 5' vaiepov GTT-
ovBev aXX' fj rer^irj/^ei'rjv Ka\d/jLrjv.
e teal 7repi7ra0a)i> dteovcrai TIVWV
\e<yovTwv &>? dpa M 10 piSdri^ et? TLovrov Eu-
%eivov o"%Tai, TO ^pvcrovv Oepos e

3 e/e TOVTOU SiaTaa-de}^ teal TOV vlov

, e<ppacre Tr/v b'tfriv avTw, teal OTL Trdv-
TOV dvOpcoTTOV eKTTo&oov TTOielffOai teal

eyvwtcev. d/covcra? Se 6 AT^^T/K
a(f)6Bpa, teal TOV veaviaieov, teaddrrep elu>6ei,
yevo/mevov Trap avTw teal avi>6vTos eVl

fjiev ovtc TO\^jcrev ovSe Trj
Sid TOV opteov, vTrayayoov Se teaTa
ov aTTO TWV (j)i\o)v, &>9 eyeyoveffav /JLOVOI teaQ*
avfov?, TO) aTvpatei TT}? ^07%^? teaTeypa^ev et

10

1 /cal K0.6' T)\iKlav Ziegler : /cafl' riXinlav KO.I.

2 ^r/y/jid. Ti Ziegler : ty-fi

DEMETRIUS, in. 4 -iv. 3

But almost all the other lines afford many examples
of men \vho killed their sons, and of many who
killed their mothers and wives ; and as for men
killing their brothers, just as geometricians assume
their postulates, so this crime came to be a common
and recognized postulate in the plans of princes to
secure their own safety.

IV. In proof that in the beginning Demetrius was
naturally humane and fond of his companions, the
following illustration maybe given. Mithridates the
son of Ariobarzanes was a companion of his, and an
intimate of the same age. He was one of the
courtiers of Antigonus, and though he neither was
nor was held to be a base fellow, still, in consequence
of a dream, Antigonus conceived a suspicion of him.
Antigonus dreamed, namely, that he was traversing
a large and fair field and sowing gold-dust. From
this, to begin with, there sprang up a golden crop,
but when he came back after a little while, he could
see nothing but stubble. In his vexation and dis-
tress, he heard in his dream sundry voices saying
that Mithridates had reaped the golden crop for
himself and gone off to the Euxine Sea. Antigonus
was much disturbed by this vision, and after he had
put his son under oath of silence, told it to him,
adding that he had fully determined to destroy
Mithridates and put him out of the way. On hearing
this, Demetrius was exceedingly distressed, and when
the young man, as was his wont, came to share his
diversions with him, though he did not venture to
open his lips on the matter or to warn him orally,
because of his oath, he gradually drew him away
from his friends, and when they were by themselves,
with the sharp butt of his lance he wrote on the

ii

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

TTf]v yijv opwvTos avTov, " <&evye,
4 avvels Be eVetz'o? aTreBpa VVKTOS et? Ka7T7raSo/aai>.
Kal Ta%v Trfv 'AvTiyovw yevo^ivriv o \jriv vjrap
avTw avv6Te\t, TO ^pecov. TroXX?}? jap KOI aya-
6fj<i Kpdrr)(7 %oopas, Kal TO TWV TLovTi/cwv fiaai-

TTOU iao r navadvov VTTO

KLVOS Trapecf^e. ravra /Jiei> ovv ev-

SeiyfJiaTa TOV A.rjfjL^rpiov Trpos
KOI BiKaiO(Ti>vr)v.

V. 'Evrel Be, wcnrep ev Tot? '
(TTOf^etoi? Sia TO veitcos /cal rr]V <$>L\lav evevri
Bia<f>opa TTyOo? aX\t]\a Kal TroXe/zo?, /^dXX-ov Be
T049 a\\tj\ct)V aTTTOfjievois Kal Trekd^ovcnv, ovrw
rov Tracri TO?? 'A\%dvBpov Sia&6%ois TT/QO? a
Xou? ofTa (Tvve'xrj rr6\/jiov al TWV

l TO)V TOTTCOV <JVvdlCLl 7T/00? GvloVS 67TOLOVV

ov Kal fjia\\ov e^eKaov, wairep
2 yovy TOTG Trpos Hro\ef^aLOv, avro? [lev '

ev Qpvyiq Sierpifte, UToXe/^aiov S' UKOVWV GK 891
SiajSdvra Tropdelv ^vpiav Kal Ta?
Kal ftid%eG0ai, KareTre/jL^e TOV viov
Bvo Kal elKOcnv TO)V ovTa Kal
TOT6 TrpcoTOV avTOT\w<; eVl irpdy/jiao-

ola Be veos Kal aTret/oo? dvBpl

TroXXou? Kal yLte^aXou? /ta^' avTov a/yco/'a?, ecr(f)d-

\rj Trepl TTO\IV Td^av rjTTrjQeis, oKTaKid^tXiwv

3 aXo^Tft)^ Kal TrevTaKKTiXicDV aTroOavovTM. dire-

12

DEMETRIUS, iv. 3 -v. 3

ground so that he could see it, " Fly, Mithridates."
Mithridates understood, and ran away by night to
Cappadocia. And soon the vision of Antigonus was
accomplished for him by fate. For Mithridates
made himself master of a large and fair territory,
and founded the line of Pontic kings, which, in the
eighth generation, was brought to an end by the
Romans. 1 This, then, is an illustration of the strong
natural bent of Demetrius towards kindness and
justice.

V. But just as among the elements of the universe,
according to Empedocles, love and hate produce
mutual dissension and war, particularly among those
elements which touch or lie near one another, so the
continuous wars which the successors of Alexander
waged against one another were aggravated and more
inflamed in some cases by the close proximity of
interests and territories, as at this time in the case
of Antigonus and Ptolemy. Antigonus himself was
tarrying in Phrygia, and hearing there that Ptolemy
had crossed over from Cyprus and was ravaging Syria
and reducing or turning from their allegiance its
cities, he sent against him his son Demetrius, who
was only twenty-two years of age, and was then for
the first time engaging with sole command in an
expedition where great interests were at stake. But
since he was young and inexperienced, and had for
his adversary a man trained in the training-school of
Alexander who had independently w r aged many
great contests, he met with utter defeat near the
city of Gaza, 2 where eight thousand of his men were
taken prisoners and five thousand were slain. He

1 In 63 B.C., when Pompey conquered Mithridates VI. and
dismembered his kingdom. 2 In the spring of 312 s,c.

13

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

fBa\e Be Kal o-fcrjvrjv Kal %pt][j.aTa Kal oXw? crvfji-
Tracrav TTJV Trepl TO crco/za 6epa-neiav. dXXa ravra
[lev avTw riroXeyLtato? aireire/ji'^re yuera TWV fyi\.wv,
6vyvct)/Aoi>a Kal (f)i\dv@ pwirov aveiTraiv \6yov, ct
ov Trepl irdvTwv a/j.a, Trepl So^?;? Be KOI
ecnli> aurot?.
rot? #eoi5 /AT/ TTO\VV
TTToXeyttatft) %apiro?, d\\a
4 dfiei^racrOaL Bta T&V O/AOLCOV. Kal TrdOos ov
fjieipaKiov TraOcov ev dpxfi TT/oa^ea)? dvarpaTrevros,
a-XX' e/j,/3pi@ovs (TTparrjyov Kexprj/ievov Trpay/jid-
/uera/5oXai?, dvBpwv re <rv\\oyr)s Kal Kara-

OTT\0)V

Be

TOI;?

VI. 'Ai^Tt^o^o? Se TT;I/ fj,d%T)v irvOofJievo^ ITroXe-
fjialov fJiev dyevelovs vevLK^Kora etpyj vvv av6i<$
Bia r ya)vieicr0ai Trpos avBpas, rov Be vtov TO <fcpo-
Ka9e\elv Kal KoXov&at JLT /SouXoeyo? OUK

aXX' d(j)rJKe. Kal ueT ov TTO\VV ^povov
Kt'XX?;?, nroXe/iatou crrpaTrjyo^,
Bvvd/J,eo)<;, a)? e%e\dcrwv Sf/3/
12 cr?;?, TW TrporjTTr)a0aL KaTafypovovfJievov. o 8'
e^aicfrvTjs eTrnrecrcov ov TrpoaLaOo^ievw Kal ^>o/
e\ajSev aura> crTpaT^yy TO

fJiev eTrTaKicf^L\iov^
Be TrayLtTroXXo)^ eKVpievcrev.
Be viKrjcras ov^ ol? ej;eiv, aXX' oi? a

14

DEMETRIUS, v. 3 -vi. 2

lost also his tent, his money, and in a word, all
his personal effects. But Ptolemy sent these back
to him, together with his friends, accompanying
them with the considerate and humane message
that their warfare must not be waged for all things

o O

alike, but only for glory and dominion. Deme-
trius accepted the kindness, and prayed the gods
that he might not long be indebted to Ptolemy for
it, but might speedily make him a like return. And
he took his disaster, not like a stripling thwarted at
the outset of an undertaking, but like a sensible
general acquainted with reverses of fortune, and
busied himself with the levying of men and the
preparation of arms, while he kept the cities well in
hand and practised his new recruits.

VI. When Antigonus learned of the battle, he
said that Ptolemy had conquered beardless youths,
but must now fight with men; 1 however, not wishing
to humble or curtail the spirit of his son, he did not
oppose his request that he might fight again on his
own account, but suffered him to do it. And not
long after, up came Cilles, a general of Ptolemy,
with a splendid army, intending to drive Demetrius
out of all Syria, and looking down upon him because
of his previous defeat. But Demetrius fell upon
him suddenly and took him by surprise, put him to
rout, and captured his camp, general and all ; he
also took seven thousand of his soldiers prisoners,
and made himself master of vast treasures. How-
ever, he rejoiced to have won the day, not by reason
of what he was going to have, but of what he could

1 The competitors at the great games were divided into
three classes : boys, beardless youths, and men (Plato, Laws,
833 c).

15

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

Kal TT}? VLKrjs ov rov rr\ovrov OI/TOJ? ovBe
rrjv B6av, eo? TTJV Bid\.vcriv rov <^)L\avO pwrcev-
3 /xaro? etceivov Kal rrjv 'xdpiv rjydTrrjcrev. ov firjv
avToyvcojuLovcos ravra eirpa^ev, aXX' eypa^e rq>
Trarpi. SOVTOS S' e/ceivov KOL Ke\v<javro<$ ov
ftov\Tai Traa-i xprjaaaOai rpoTrov, avrov re rov

KCLL ()ov<; avrov

TO

TLro\/jia1ov, 'A vriyovov Be Kaniyayev CK KeXou-
vwv ^aipovra rfj vi/crj Kal TroOovvra

rov viov.

VII. 'E/c rovrov 8e rwv 'Apdftwv rovs /ca\ov-
Na^aratou? vTrayayeaOat rre^Oel^ o
Kiv8vvuae pev els TOTTOU? dvvSpov?
uiV, TOJ Se firj Biarapa^0^jvat /nr)& e/CTrXa-
yrjvai AcaraTrXry^ayitei'O? TOI;? /3a/3/3apou?, \eiav re

/cal

avrwv ve^wprjaev.

2 'E?rel Se 2eXeu/co9, eKTrecrwv /lev VTTO 'Avnyovov
TT}? BaySfXcowa? irporepov, varepov be dva\a/3wv
rrjv dp^rjv Bi avrov teal Kparwv, dW/3?;
$vvdfj,ews, ra o~vvopovvra TO?? 'I^&ot? e

evptfaeiv rrjv Mecro-
teal rrepdaa^ a(f)V(o rov

rrapeiarreaaiv
a/cpas (Bvo yap rjaav^) eKKpovaas TTJV rov

<f>povpav Kal Kparrjaa? toYou? e
3 earTjcrev rrraKia"%L\iov<$ dvSpas. K Be

16

DEMETRIUS, vi. 2-vn. 3

restore, and was delighted, not so much with the
wealth and glory which his victory brought., as with
the power it gave him to recompense the kindness
and return the favour of Ptolemy. And yet he did
not do this on his own responsibility, but first wrote
to his father about it. And when his father gave
him permission and bade him dispose of everything
as he liked, he sent back to Ptolemy both Cilles
himself and his friends, after loading them with
gifts. This reverse drove Ptolemy out of Syria, and
brought Antigonus down from Celaenae ; he rejoiced
at the victory and yearned to get sight of the son
who had won it.

VII. After this, Demetrius was sent to bring into
subjection the Arabs known as Nabataean, and
incurred great peril by getting into regions which
had no water ; but he was neither terrified nor
greatly disturbed, and his demeanour overawed the
Barbarians, so that he took much booty and seven
hundred camels from them and returned.

And now Seleucus, who had once been expelled
from Babylonia by Antigonus, but had afterwards
succeeded in recovering the realm and was now
wielding the power there, went up with an army,
designing to annex the tribes on the confines of
India and the provinces about Mount Caucasus.
Demetrius, accordingly, expecting that he would
find Mesopotamia unprotected, suddenly crossed the
Euphrates and invaded Babylonia before Seleucus
could stop him. He expelled from one of its
citadels (there were two of them) the garrison left
there by Seleucus, got it into his power and estab-
lished in it seven thousand of his own men. But

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

oaa (frepeiv rj ayeiv rj&vvavro TOU? crrpa-

teal

v eVt 6d\aao-uv fieftaiorepav

rrjv dp%r)v air O\(,TT wv e^icrracrOai, yap eSofcei. TO)
KCLKOVV 0)9 fjirjKeTL IT pocn]KovGav
/j,aiov /j,i>TO(, TrdXio

e^tjpTraae rrjv
VIII. 'E^So^ou &e TT}? <f)i\OTi/jiia<; ravrr)^ yevo-

j Trapecrrrj

trjv 'EXXa&a ircifrav VTTO Kacra^^yoou teal
fjiaiov KaTa$$ov\w/jievr]v. TOVTOV iro
7ro\e/Jirj(T TWV /3aai\6cov Ka\\ico KOI
0.9 yap a/jia rou9 ftapftdpovs TarreLvovvTes evTro-
pias crvvijyayov, et9 rou9 f/ EXX7/j'a9 virep evSogias
2 Kal Tij,fs avY\ivK.ov. 0)9 Se jrcoTOv e&o/cei 7r\elv

eVl

TOV 'Avruyovov OTI Set Tavrrjv rrjv TroXtz^, av e\wcn,
KaT6%eiv Si? avrwv, eTufid&pav rr}9
ovcrav, ov TTpoeea'xev 6 'AvTiyovos, aXX'
ddpav fjiev <pr) Ka\r)V /cat dcrd\evTov elvai rrjv

evvoiav, ra9 &e 'A^^a9, axrTre O-KOTTV rr<$ ol/cov-

rfj S6rj Sia7rvp(Tveiv et9 airavTa?
3 dvOpomrovs ra9 7rpdeis. eVXet Se Ar}/j.t]Tpto<;
dpyvpuov 7revTaKio-%L\ia TaKavra KOL crro-
7revTi]KovTa Kal 'biaKoaiwv eVl

, TO //,ey acrru .rj^rov rov

, ev e r

Ka0eaTu>crr)S' evrv^ia Be dfjia Kal Trpovoia
eVe^atWro TO)

18

DEMETRIUS, vn. 3 -vin. 3

after ordering his soldiers to take and make booty of
everything which they could carry or drive from the
country, he returned to the sea-coast, leaving
Seleucus more confirmed than before in his posses-
sion of the realm ; for by ravaging the country
Demetrius was thought to admit that it no longer
belonged to his father. However, while Ptolemy
was besieging Halicarnassus, Demetrius came swiftly
to the aid of the city and rescued it.

VIII. The glory won by this noble deed inspired
father and son with a wonderful eagerness to give
freedom to all Greece, which had been reduced to
subjection by Cassander and Ptolemy. No nobler
or juster war than this was waged by any one of the
kings; for the vast wealth which they together had
amassed by subduing the Barbarians, was now
lavishly spent upon the Greeks, to win glory and
honour. As soon as father and son had determined
to sail against Athens, one of his friends said to
Antigonus that they must keep that city, if they
took it, in their own hands, since it was a gangway
to Greece. But Antigonus would not hear of it ; he
said that the goodwill of a people was a noble
gangway which no waves could shake, and that
Athens, the beacon-tower of the whole world, would
speedily flash the glory of their deeds to all man-
kind. So Demetrius sailed, with five thousand
talents of money and a fleet of two hundred and
fifty ships, against Athens, w r here Demetrius the
Phalerean was administering the affairs of the city
for Cassander and a garrison was set in Munychia.
By virtue of forethought combined with good fortune,
he appeared off Piraeus on the twenty-sixth of the

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

4 (f)0ivovTO<? apyr)\i(t)vo<;, rrpoaiaOofJievov pev ov-
Bevos, eVel Be a>(f)0r) 7T\tjaiov 6 crroXo?, drrdvTcov
co? UroXe/zai/ca? ra? vav$ vTro$e~%e<j9ai irapa-
<TKeva^o/j,eva)v, oi/re av^povijaavre 1 ^ efioijdovv ol
i, KCU 6bpv(3o<$ rjv, olov etVo? ev aTrpocr-

airoavovTas
rot? yap aTo/Adai, TWV
iriTW)(a)V 6 ArjfjuJTpios KOL
771^ ?;S>; KarcKfravrjs nracri, KCU
diro T% i^eco? aiTijcriv rjcrv^ia^ KOI
5 yevo/jievov Be rovrov fcrjpvKa

dveiTrcv on Trefj^reiev avrov 6 Trarrjp dyadfj
TOU? 'A^i/atou? 1 e\ev&ep(t)(TOVTa KOI rrjv typovpdv
eKf3a\ovi>Ta /cal TOU? VO/JLOV? auroi? KOL rrjv
Trdrpiov aTroBcoaovra 7ro\iTLav.

IX. 'Avappr]0VTQ)v Be TOVTCOV ol [lev TTO\\OL
ra? a<J7rt5a? defJievoi Trpo rwv TroBwv
Kal y9ow^T9 e/ceXevov aTroBauveiv
TOV irpiov, evepyerrjv teal awrripa Trpoaayo-
pevovrev ol Be irepl rov <&a\rjpa TrdvTws fiev
MOVTO Belv Be^eaOai TOV Kparovvra, KO.V /jLyBev wv
7rayye\\Tai fjieXXrj ftefiaiovv, oyu-co? Be
Beo/jLevovs 2 d7re<nei\av, ot? o Arj/jLiJTpio
(f)i\av0pa>7ra)S avveTrefji'^re Trap 9 eavrov rwv Tra-

TpWWV <$L\U>V TOV Ml\1j<TlOV 'Apl(TT6Bl]/J,OV. TOV

Be OaX^pew? Bia TTJV /jLeTa/3o\i]v T% TroXireta?

fJLCi\\OV TOL? TToXtVa? rj TOl/? 7TO\e/jLLOVS BeBoiKOTOS,

OVK r)/jLe\'r]o~ev 6 A^yu^TyOio?, aXXa /cat TTJV B6av

1 TOUS 'A8r)vaiovs Sintenis and Ziegler : *A.9r]valovs.

2 $fo/j.(vous Bekker has StTjcro/xeVouj, after Coraes.
20

DEMETRIUS, vm. 4 -ix. 2

month Thargelion. 1 Nobody knew beforehand of
his approach, but as soon as his fleet was seen in the
vicinity, everybody thought that the ships belonged
to Ptolemy and prepared to receive them. At last,
however, the generals discovered their mistake and
came to the rescue, and there was confusion, as is
natural when men are compelled to defend them-
selves against enemies who are making an unex-
pected landing. For Demetrius, finding the en-
trances to the harbours open and sailing through
them, was presently inside and in view of all, and
signalled from his ship a demand for quiet and
silence. When this was secured, he proclaimed by
voice of herald at his side that he had been sent by
his father on what he prayed might be a happy
errand, to set Athens free, and to expel her garrison,
and to restore to the people their laws and their
ancient form of government.

IX. On hearing this proclamation, most of the
people at once threw their shields down in front of
them, and with clapping of hands and loud cries
urged Demetrius to land, hailing him as their
saviour and benefactor. The party of Demetrius the
Phalerean also thought they must by all means
receive the conqueror, even though he should con-
firm none of his promises, but nevertheless sent
ambassadors to supplicate his mercy. These Deme-
trius met in a friendly spirit, and sent back with
them one of his father's friends, Aristodemus of
Miletus. Now the Phalerean, owing to the change
of government, was more afraid of his fellow-citizens
than of the enemy. Demetrius, however, was not
unmindful of him, but out of regard for the man's

1 May- June, 307 B.C.

21

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

Kal rrjv apTr)V rov dvBpbs et?
avrov, warrep eftovXero, //.era aa<$a\eia<s o~vve-
eTTefJi^rev. avrbs Be rrjv /j,ev TTO\IV, OVK av etyij,
Kairrep emBvfjiwv, IBeiv Trporepov rj 'navrairaaiv
\ev6epwcrai r?}? fypovpas aira\\a^a^' rfj Be
^apaK(i)/j.a Kal Tcifypov irepL^a\(t)v Sia
, hleydpois eireirKevaev VTTO KacravSpov

rov

ryevofjievr}V yvvaiKa K/oar^crtTroXt^ ev Hd-
Siarpiftovcrav OVK av d

ovaav eirl

rrjv &vva/Aiv ev rrj MeyapiKrj irporfkOev evfa
TLvas e\wv avv avrw. Kal rovrcov TrdXiv airo-
GTpe^as d'rrea'Ki]vw(Te ^wpl^ vTrep rov \a6elv Trjv
4 yvvaiKa (rvve\6ovcrav avrw. rovro rives alcrOo-
fjievoL rwv 7ro\e{j.iwv e^aLffrvrjs KareBpa/jiov eV
avrov. o Be (frofirjOels KOL \af3u>v ^Xa^vSiov
o/x&> <$>ev r ywv e^effrvyev, o\i<yov 5e?^crac
aXwaiv e aKpaaias d\wvai. rrjv Be
jjiera rwv ^prj/jidrwv w^ovro XaySo^re? ol

5 Twv Be M.eydpwv a\ovrwv Kal rwv arpanwrwv 891
e'(' dp-rrayrjv rparro/jLevwv 'Adijvatoi, Trapynjaavro
TroXXfj Berja-ei TOU? Meyapeis' Kal rrjv (ppovpav 6
Aijfjiijrpios eK^a\wv r)\ev6epwa~6 r^v rro\iv. en

Be rovro rrpdrrwv rov d>i\oo~6(bov 2,Ti\7rwvos

I II

e/jivrjo~0ri, Bo^av e~)(ovros dvBpbs rjprifjievov TTW? ev
r}O"&yia Karafiiwvai. fJieraTrefjL'^rdfJievos ovv av-
rov r/pwra fiii] Ti? et\?/(/)6 ri rwv eKeivov. KOL 6
"rL\7rwv, " OuSet?," elrrev " ovBeva yap elBov

6 eTriard/jLav drrofyepovra." rwv Be OepaiTovrwv

22

DEMETRIUS, ix. 2-6

good reputation and excellence, sent him and his
friends under safe conduct to Thebes, as he desired.
As for himself, he declared that, although he desired
to see the city, he would not do so before he had
completed its liberation by ridding it of its garrison ;
meanwhile, after running a trench and a palisade
round Munychia, he sailed against Megara, where a
garrison had been stationed by Cassander.

But on learning that Cratesipolis, who had been
the wife of Polyperchon's son Alexander, was tarry-
ing at Patrae, and would be very glad to make him
a visit (and she was a famous beauty), he left his
forces in the territory of Megara and set forth,
taking a few light-armed attendants with him. And
turning aside from these also, he pitched his tent
apart, that the woman might pay her visit to him
unobserved. Some of his enemies learned of this,
and made a sudden descent upon him. Then, in a
fright, he donned a shabby cloak and ran for his
life and got away, narrowly escaping a most shameful
capture in consequence of his rash ardour. His tent,
together with his belongings, was carried off by his
enemies.

Megara, however, was captured, and the soldiers
would have plundered it had not the Athen-
ians made strong intercession for its citizens ; De-
metrius also expelled its garrison and gave the city
its freedom. While he was still engaged in this,
he bethought himself of Stilpo the philosopher, who
was famous for his election of a life of tranquillity.
Accordingly, Demetrius summoned him and asked
him whether any one had robbed him of anything.
" No one,'' said Stilpo, " for I saw nobody carrying
away knowledge." But nearly all the servants in

*3

VOL. IX. B

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

, ee
6 ^rjji^TLo^ eiXooveiro KOI reXo?

ovSeva <yap a^Cov Sov\ov a

X. 'ETrel 8e TraXiv e7rave\6u)V 77/309 rrjv Moi/-
vvyiav KOI arparoTreBeva'a^ e^ercotye TTJV typovpav
KOI fcareffKa^e TO fypovpiov, OUTOJ? ijSrj rwv 'A^?;-
vaicov $e%ofjiVtov KOI KoXovvrwv 7rap\6(jL>v eh TO
aarv Kal crvvayaywv TQV Brj/jiov aTreScofce Tr]i>
irdrpiov iro\L^eiav KOI TrpoavTreo-^ero Trapa TOV
avTot? d<j)i^6cr0at CTLTOV Trevreicai&eKa
fjLebLfJLVWv KOI %v\a)v vav7rrjy)-j(rLfj,a)v

669 CKdTOV TplrfpLS. 'AOrjl'dLOL & ttTTO-

rrjv Btj/jLOKpariav eVet TrevTeKaiSeK
TOV Be fjiiaov %povov drrb TWV Aa/jiiaKwv Kal

Be j,ovaiKrs KaTaarda-eo)^ <i>Oj,evrS bid

TOV ^ > aXe&)9 ^vvaiv, OUTW \aJLTrov ei

evepyeaiais KOI fteyav (^avevTa TOV
Tpiov 7ra%0fj /cal ftapvv erroiricrav TWV
3 Tat9 djJLTpiai<s a9 e-frr)(j)icravTO. rrpwTOi fjiv <ydp
dv6pcjL>TTU)V aTrdvTwv TOV ^.tj/n^rpLOV Kal
<yovov /^acrjXefc dvtjyopevcrav, aXX
vovs Tovvofjia, Kal TOVTO l 8^ [JLOVOV TWV /3acri\t,-

KWV 6TL T049 dfTO <&l\l7TTrOV KOI '

Trepielvai SOKOVV dOiKTov eTepois Kal a

1 /cal TOVTO Comes and Ziegler delete the Kal ; Bekker
corrects to us, after Schaefer.

24

DEMETRIUS, ix. 6-x. 3

the city were stolen away, and when Demetrius once
more tried to deal kindly with the philosopher, and
finally, on going away, said : " Your city, Stilpo, I
leave in freedom," "Thou sayest truly," replied
Stilpo, " for thou hast not left a single one of our
slaves."

X. Coming back again to Munychia and encamp-
ing before it, he drove out the garrison and demol-
ished the fortress, and this accomplished, at last, on
the urgent invitation of the Athenians, he made his
entry into the upper city, where he assembled the
people and gave them back their ancient form of
government. He also promised that they should
receive from his father a hundred and fifty thousand
bushels of grain, and enougli ship timber to build
a hundred triremes. It was fourteen years since the
Athenians had lost their democratic form of govern-
ment, and during the period which followed the
Lamian war and the battle at Crannoii l their
government had been administered, nominally as an
oligarchy, but really as a monarchy, owing to the
great influence of the Phalerean. And now that
Demetrius had shown himself great and splendid in
his benefactions, the Athenians rendered him odious
and obnoxious by the extravagance of the honours
which they voted him. For instance, they were the
first people in the world to give Demetrius and
Antigonus the title of King, although both had up
to that time shrunk from using the word, and
although this was the only royal prerogative still left
to the descendants of Philip and Alexander which it
was thought that others could not assume or share ;

1 323-322 B.C. See the Phocion, xxiii.; xxvi. 1.

25

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

(rcorfjpas dveypatyav 0ov<f, teal rbv e
vvfiov teal Trdrpiov ap^ovra Karairavaavre^ iepea
crwrrjpwv e^eiporovovv tcaF e/caarov evtavrov
teal rovrov eVt Tcov ^IrTjtpto'fjLdrcov teal rwv crvjuifio-
4 \alwv irpoeypacfrov. evvfyaivecrOai Se rS)

TWV 6ewv avrovs etyrj^io'avTO' /cal rov TO-
TTOV OTTOV irpwrov a7r/3ij Tov ap/uaxo?,

teal ftwfjiov einOevre^ AijfjLijrpiov Karat-
ftdrov Trpocrrjyopeva-av rat? Se
6e<rav, ^rj/m'rjTpidSa teal ' AvriyoviSa, teal
ftovXrjv TWV TrevraKOcriwv irpoTepov
7roirjcrav, are Srj

XI. To e vTrep^veararov evOv/jirj^a rov
^TparotcXeovs (oro? yap r)V o TWV vofy&v rov-
rwv teal irepirrwv Kawovpyos
eypatyev OTTO)? ol rce^rco^voi Kara
$r)/u,ocria TT/OO? 'Avriyovov r) Arjfjirjrptov dvri irpe-
(T/3evra)v Oewpol \eyoivro, tcaOdrrep ol Ilt^o? teal
'OXuyLtTria^e ra? Trarpuovs Overlap vTrep rwv rro-
2 \eu>v dvdyovres ev rat? 'EX\7;^t:at9 copra??. TJV
Se /cal ra\\a 7rapdro\fio<; 6 ^rparo/c\r)<f, /col
fte/Sico/ccos ao-eA/yco? KOL rrjv rov rra\aiov KXe-
coi/o? drrofjufjieiardai SOKWV ^w^oKo^Lav Kal /38e-
\vpiav rfj TT^OO? rov Sfj/jLov ev^epeia. eV^e o rrjv
kraipav <$>v\dKiov a^e^X^^co?* tcai rrore avrw

1 Every fifth year, at the Panathenalc festival, a sacred
robe was carried in solemn procession and deposited with

26

DEMETRIUS, x. 3 -xi. 2

moreover, the Athenians were the only people to
give them the appellation of Saviour-gods, and they
put a stop to the ancient custom of designating
the year with the name of the annual archon, and
elected every year a priest of the Saviour-gods,
whose name they prefixed to their public edicts and
private contracts. They also decreed that the figures
of Demetrius and Antigonus should be woven into
the sacred robe, 1 along with those of the gods ; and
the spot where Demetrius first alighted from his
chariot they consecrated and covered with an altar,
which they styled the altar of Demetrius Alighter ;
they also created two new tribes, Demetrias and
Antigonis ; and they increased the number of the
senators, which had been five hundred, to six hun-
dred, since each of the tribes must furnish fifty
senators.

XL But the most monstrous thing that came into
the head of Stratocles (he it was who invented these
elegant and clever bits of obsequiousness) was his
motion that envoys sent by public decree and at
public expense to Antigonus or Demetrius should be
called sacred deputies, instead of ambassadors, like
those who conducted to Delphi and Olympia the
ancient sacrifices in behalf of the cities at the great
Hellenic festivals. In all other ways also Stratocles
was an audacious fellow ; he lived an abandoned life,
and was thought to imitate the scurrility and
buffoonery of the ancient Cleon in his familiarities
with the people. He had taken up with a mistress
named Phylacion ; and one day when she had bought

the goddess Athena on the Acropolis. On it were repre-
sented the exploits of the goddess, particularly in the Battle
of the Gianta.

27

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

7T/009 eiTrvov % ayopds irpiafjievrjs eyKe(f)d\ovs
/cal rpawJKovs, "HaTrat" elire, " roiavrd ye
o)tyu)vr)Kas ot9 a^aipi^oiJiev ol 7ro\irevoaevoi.
3 7-779 Se Trepl 'Apopybv ijrrr)^ rwv vewv cru/z/3a0-r?9
T0t9 'AOrjvaiois, (frddcras TOU?

TOI

Kal TrpocrayyeiXas on veviKrJKao~iv, evayyeKia
9veLV eypa-^e Kal KpewBaiaiav riva Kara (f)V\rjv
erroirjo-ev. o\iyw S' vcrrepov rwv ra vavayia KO- 894
/ju%6vra)v drro T^9 /xa%7;9 rrapayevoiJLevwv Kal rov

\5\ /N )/>^f

ara<; rbv Oopvftov, " Elra," l<f 17, " rl rrerrovOare
Beivov, el Bvo ijfiepas 77860)9 yeyovare" roiavr^
jjLev 17 TOU ^rparoK\60v<; Qpaa-vrrjs.

XII. *Hz> Se dpa Kal rrvpos erepa Oep^orepa

Kara rbv 'ApLcrroffrdvr). ypd(j)6i ydp Ti9 a

\
rov

av

l &LOVVVOV %Vl(TfJ,ols, TW S' V7Tp

ei>q> Xa/jbir pori]ri
dpyvpiov et?
2 (r0ai. reXo9 5e r&v re fiyvuv rov

Kal r&v fjfiep&v rrjv evr]V Ka veav
Trpoa-rjyopevcrai', Kal rwv eoprwv ra
aerajvofjiaaav ^rj^rjrpta. eTrecrrj^ve
Se T0t9 rr\dcrrois TO Oelov. 6 pev yap 7re7rXo9,
wTre/o e^rj(picravro per a rov A09 al TT}? ''A.0ijva$
7rpo(TVV(j)r)vai Atinrfrpiov Kal 'Avriyovov,
28

DEMETRIUS, xi. 2 -xn. 2

in the market-place for his supper some brains and
neck-bones, "Aha!" he cried, "thou hast bought
just such delicacies for me as we statesmen used to
play ball with." Again, when the Athenians suffered
their naval defeat near Amorgus, 1 before the tidings

o * o

of the disaster could reach the city he put a garland
on his head and drove through the Cerameicus, and
after announcing that the Athenians were victorious,
moved a sacrifice of glad tidings and made a generous
distribution of meat to the people by tribes. Then,
a little later, when the wrecks were brought home
from the battle and the people in their wrath called
him out, he faced the tumult recklessly and said :
" What harm have I done you, pray, if for two days
ye have been happy ? ' Such was the effrontery of
Stratocles.

XII. But there are things hotter even than fire,
as Aristophanes puts it. 2 For some one else, out-
doing Stratocles in servility, proposed that whenever
Demetrius visited the city he should be received with
the hospitable honours paid to Demeter and Dionysus,
and that to the citizen who surpassed all others in
the splendour and costliness of his reception, a sum
of money should be granted from the public treasury
for a dedicatory offering. And finally, they changed
the name of the month Mounychion to Demetrion,
and that of the last day of a month, the <( Old and
New," to Demetrias, and to the festival called Dionysia
they gave the new name of Demetria. Most of these
innovations were marked with the divine displeasure.
The sacred robe, for instance, in which they had
decreed that the figures of Demetrius and Antigonus
should be woven along with those of Zeus and

1 In 322 B.C. A Macedonian fleet was victorious.
8 Knights, 382.

29

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

Bia rov KepafJieiKov /JLeaos eppdyrj 6ve\-

3 X??9 efjLTrecrovo-rjS' irepl Be rov$ /3w / woi)9 TO 1)9 eKei-

'ijvdrjo-ev 17 yrj KVK\W TTO\V Kwveiov, aXXo>9
T?}9 %a>/oa9 TToXXa^oO (frvojuevov rfj Be
rjjjLepa y ra rwv ^.IOVVCTIWV eyivero, rr]V Tro/ATrrjv
Kare\vo~av lo")(ypwv irdywv yevouevwv Trap 1 &pav.
Kal nra^VTf]^ fiaOeLas eTriTreaovo'^^ ov U^QVOV d t
Xof9 Kal GVKCLS aTrdo~as direKavcre rb
aXXa Kal rov crirov rov irXelarov Kar

4 ev %Xo77. Bib Kal OtXtTTTrt^T;? ej^Opos wv rov
^rparoK\eov<^ ev Kw/nMBia TTyOo? avrov

oi> a,7reicav<TGv 1}

i ov do~eftovvd' 6 7T7rXo9 eppdyrj /j,ecro<;,

rwv 6ewv Tt / ua9 TTOLOVvr* dvdpwrclvas.
ravra Kara\vei Bf)fjiov, ov Kb)/ji(pBia.

5 H^ oe o < X ) /Xi7T7rio)79 A.vcrifjid'vov (^>tXo9,
TroXXa Bi avrov 6 S^//09 ev eiraOev VTTO rov
ySao"iXea)9. eBoKei Be Kal Trpbs rrpafyv avray Kal
109 crrpareiav 6yo"u/^/5oXo9 arcavr^cra^ elvat

TO

ev evo')(\G)v yw-^S' av\lfcf)<s Trepiepyias dva-
<f)i\0(f)povov{Aevov Be rrore rov

7T/309 avrov Kal elirovros, "'
, rti/09 <rot rail/ C/JLWV /^eraSw;"
7, " @ao~i\ev, fJLr] rwv dTropprjrwv." rovrov fte

30

DEMETRIUS, XH. 2-5

Athena, as it was being carried in procession through
the midst of the Cerameicus, was rent by a hurricane
which smote it ; l again, all around the altars of
those Saviour-gods the soil teemed with hemlock, a
plant which did not grow in many other parts of the
country at all ; and on the day for the celebration
of the Dionysia, the sacred procession had to be
omitted on account of severe cold weather that came
out of season. And a heavy frost followed, which
not only blasted all the vines and fig-trees with its
cold, but also destroyed most of the grain in the
blade. Therefore Philippides, who was an enemy
of Stratocles, assailed him in a comedy with these
verses 2 :

" Through him it was that hoar-frost blasted all the

vines,

Through his impiety the robe was rent in twain,
Because he gave the gods' own honours unto men.
Such work undoes a people, not its comedy."

Philippides was a friend of Lysimachus, and for
his sake the king bestowed many favours on the
Athenian people. Moreover, when he was about to
undertake anything or make an expedition, he
thought it a good omen to meet or catch sight of
Philippides. And in general the character of
Philippides gave him a good repute, since he was no
busybody, and had none of the officious ways of a
courtier. On one occasion Lysimachus wished to do
him a kindness, and said: "Philippides, what have
I that I can share with thee ? " "O King," said
Philippides, " anything but one of thy state secrets."

1 The "peplos " was spread like a sail on the mast of the
sacred Panathenai'c ship.
* Cf. Kock, Com. Att. Frag. iii. p. 308.

B2 31

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

ovv eVtT^Se? Cfcefotp 7rap60iJKafjLV, TCO CLTTO TOV
/3>;/u.aro? TOV into TT}?

XIII. A O Be pd

Kal d\\oKOTOV, eypa^fre Apo/jiOK\iSr]<;
VTrep TT}? TWV acnri&wv dvadeffecos 6t9
Trapa Arj/jiijTpiov \ajBeiv
Trapaypdtya) Trjv \efyv e/c TOV
2 e^ovcrav "*K<ya6f) TV'Xfl. BeBo^dai T&>
Xeiporovrjcrai rov &r)/j,ov eva avbpa ej; ' '

OCTTt? d(f)lK6fJLVOS 7T/3O? TOl/ ^(DT)jpa KCU KCL\\Lepr]-

crd/nevos eTrepwTrjcrei, TOV ^u>Tr)pa TTW? a^ evcrefte-

GTCLTa KOl Ka\\L(TTa Kal TrjV Ta^lCTTlJV 6 S?}yU09

T^Z/ aTTOKaTacrTaaiv TroiijcraiTO TWV dvadr)fJ,dTa)V

o TL 8' ai^ %p?;cr77, raura irpaiieiv TOV

OVTM KaTa/jLCDKco/jLevoL TOV dvOpooiTov

pav avTov, ov&e aXXft)? vyiauvovTa TTJV Sidvotav.

XIV. 'AA,V ev 76 rat? '-A.0-iqvais TOTE

TOV

T<I> Kfp^?;? ap^avTi yuera T^ e/ceivov
2 d<f)iKTO TrdXiv et? ra? 'A^^a?. ot yuev
'A0r)vaioi TOV jd/jiov TOVTOV et? X^P lv ^Bevto Kal
TLfji^v rr}? TroXeo)?' aXXw? Se o A?7/z?/Vp05 ev%epijs
Ti? ^ 7re/?t <ydjj,ov<>, Kal TroXXat? ayna avvrjv
a)v d^lay/JLa fieyiaTOV el^e /cat

BL 'AvTLTraTpov TOV TraTepa Kal Bid TO
TrpocrvvwKrjKevai KpaTepu), TW Tr\eicrTr)v evvoiav

1 'O^t'Aa Ziegler, after Wilamowitz : '
32

DEMETRIUS, xn. 5-xiv. 2

Such a man, then, I purposely compare with Stra-
tocles, the man of the stage with the man of the
bema.

XIII. But there was one honour proposed for
Demetrius which was more strange and monstrous
than any other. Dromocleides the Sphettian moved,
when the dedication of certain shields at Delphi was
in question, that the Athenians should get an oracle
from Demetrius. And I will transcribe his very
words from the decree ; they run thus : " May it be
for the best. 1 Decreed by the people that the
people elect one man from the Athenians, who
shall go to the Saviour-god, and, after a sacrifice
with good omens, shall enquire of the Saviour-god
in what most speedy, decorous, and reverent manner
the people may accomplish the restoration to their
places of the dedicatory offerings ; and that whatever
answer he shall give, the people shall act according
thereunto." With such mockery of adulation they
finally perverted the man's mind, which even before
was not wholly sound.

XIV. Furthermore, while he lingered in Athens
at this time, Demetrius took to wife Eurydice, a
widow. She was a descendant of the ancient Miltiades,
had married Ophelas the ruler of Cyrene, and after
his death had come back to Athens. The Athenians,
accordingly, took this marriage as a graceful com-
pliment to their city ; but in general Demetrius
made a rather light matter of marriages, and had
many wives at the same time, of whom Phila enjoyed
the greatest esteem and honour, both because of her
father, Antipater, and because she had been the wife
of Craterus, the one of all the successors of Alexander

1 A pious formula prefixed to important documents.

33

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

avrov Trapa Ma/ceSocrt rwv ^AXe^dvBpov BiaB6%wv
arro\nrbvri. ravrrjv, 009 eoi/ce, KOjmiBr) veov ovra
rov ^.Tjfirjrptov eireiOev o Trarijp, OVK ovcrav avry

3 /ca0 y wpav, a\\a Trpe&fivTepav, \aftelv airpo-
8' e%ovTt, \ey6rai TT/JO? TO 01/9 TO

OTTOV TO /cepSo9, Trapa fyvaiv

O/JLOIOTTTCOTOV TL

ovv Tt9 rjv rj rov
/ecu

7roXXat9 [lev dveSrjv eraipais, TroXXat? Be e'Xeu-
(Tvvelvai <yvvai%i, KOI yLtaXfcrTa Brj irepl TTJV
ravTrjv Ka/cws CLKOVGCLI rwv Tore (Savt,-

XV. 'Evret Be o Trarrjp avrov e/caXet
7re/H KVTT/JOU 7roXe//,?;cro^Ta, TreiOeaOdi [lev rjv
dvayxalov, d^9oiJLevo<; Be oil rov VTrep rfjs 'EXXa-
^09 TroXe^ov, 6VTa /caXXta) :al \a/j,7rp6repov,
dTroXeLTrei, TrpocreTre/ji'^re K.\60)viBy TW IlToXeyaatOL'
o~rparrjyu) (frpovpovvn ^IKVWVCL KOL KopivOov
^prjfjLara Trporeivwv, ware e\ev6epa<s dfyelvai ras
2 7ToXei9. ov 7rpocr&J;afjivov Be ereeivdv, Bia ra^eoov
<; /cat 7r/oo<7Xa/3a)i> BVVCI/JLIV eVeTrXeucre

e

evQvs evi/crjcrev avrov Be
fjLera Bvvd/jiecos Trefy/crjs a/jia KOI

eTricfravevros, eyevovro fiev aireikai rive?
real BidXoyoi, KOjjL7ra>Bei<$, rov /nev dTroir\elv

1 aX\' tis rb KfpSos iraph <f>v<riy 5ov\fvreov, Phoenissae, 396
(Kirchhofi).

34

DEMETRIUS, xiv. 2-xv. 2

who left behind him the most goodwill among the
Macedonians. This woman, as it would appear, his
father had persuaded Demetrius to marry when he
was quite young, although she was not of his age,
but older ; and when his son was disinclined to the
match, it is said that Antigonus whispered in his ear
the verse of Euripides :

" Where there is gain, 'gainst nature's dictates must
one wed,"

substituting off-hand " must one wed " for the similar
inflection " must one serve." However, so slight was
the respect which Demetrius paid to Phila and to the
rest of his wives, that he consorted freely with many
courtesans, as well as with many women of free birth,
and as regards this indulgence he had the worst re-
putation of all the kings of his time.

XV. And now his father summoned him to wage
war against Ptolemy for the possession of Cyprus.
He must needs obey the summons, but was loth to
abandon the war for the liberation of Greece, which
was a nobler and more glorious war, and therefore
sent to Cleonides, the general of Ptolemy who was
occupying Sicyon and Corinth with a garrison, and
offered him money to set the cities free. Cleonides,
however, would not accept the bribe, and Demetrius
therefore put to sea in haste, and taking additional
forces, sailed against Cyprus. 1 There he joined
battle with Menelaiis, a brother of Ptolemy, and
promptly defeated him ; but Ptolemy himself appeared
on the scene with a large land and naval force
combined, and there were sundry interchanges of
threats and boasts, Ptolemy ordering Demetrius to

1 In 306 B.C.

35

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

{JLTfTplOV Ke\VOVTOS TTplv V7TO TT}? BvvdfJ,Q)<S

Tracrrj? dOpoiar^eiarj^ KaTaTraTrjQrjvai, A 77,0,77 T/HOV
Be GKGLVOV d(j)ivai <pd<rKOVTO$, av 0/^0X07770-77
^iKvwva Kal KopivOov d7ra\\d%6iv TT}?
3 o Be dya>v ov JJLOVOV avTols e/ceivoLS, d\\d /cal
aXXot? a7ra(Ti $vvda r rai<$ 7ro\\r]V el^e 7rpocrSoKiai>
TTJ<; 7riKpjuiaju.ei>r]$ a^Xor^ro?, co? ov Kvirpov
ov& ^vpiav, aXXa TO /jueyicrTOV evOvs zlvai irdv-
T(i)v TW Kpaiovvri T779 viKrjs Trpoo'Tideia")'}^.

XVI. AUTO? fjiev ovv o IlToXe/^ato? eVevrXei irev-
Kol etcarov rau? e^cov, IK $e ^a\afMvo<;

vavaiv, 6rav /nd-

o

KOTTTCIV e^OTTLadev KOI

Arf/jiiJTpios Se Tat? /nev
dvrera^e Se/^a vavs (roaavrai <yap rjpKOvv
arevov ovra TOV \i/jLevo<$ e^pd^ai TOV eKTT\ovv\

2 atTO? ^e TO iretpv e/CTa^a? KOL Tot? dvaTGLvovaiv
et? rrjv 6d\acraav d/epwrripiois Trepi^ed/jiei'o^, ov-
TW? dvi'^Oi] vava\v etcaTOV oybo^KOVTa' TT pocr yLtt^a?
Be p(jofirj /cal ftiq iroXkfj Kara xparos erpe-^raro
rov T\.ro\fjiaiov, avTov /Jiev, &)? eviKydij, Bid
ra^eutv (frvyovra vavcrlv 6/cra) /uovais (roaavrai
rydp 6/c Tracrwv TrepiecrwOiivav, rwv Be aXXwz/ at
fjiev ev TT) vav^a^la biefyOdpriarav, eftBo/jiij/covTa Be

3 i]\waav avravBpoL*), TOV Be ev oXicdcn irapop-
fjiovvTOS o)(Xov depaTTovTwv Kal ^>i\wv K.CLI yvvai-

KWV,Tl Be 07T\COV KOL ^p^/jLaTCDV Kal ^TI^CLVJ] fJiaT WV

avrXco? ovBev e^efivye TOV A.r)/.iiJTpiov, aXX' e'Xa/3e
TrdvTa /cal tcaTijyayev ei? TO GTpaTOTreBov. ev Be
TOVTOIS 77 7rept/3o77T09 rjv A.dfjua, Trjv p,ev dp^v
a7rovBacr0eio'a Bid Ti]V Te^vrjv (e'8o/cet yap av\elv

36

DEMETRIUS, xv. 2-xvi. 3

sail away before the entire force should assemble and
crush him, and Demetrius offering to let Ptolemy
go if he would agree to withdraw his garrisons from
Sicyon and Corinth. And not only Demetrius and
Ptolemy themselves, but also all the other potentates,
awaited with great expectancy the uncertain issue
of the impending struggle ; they felt that not Cyprus,
nor yet Syria, but the absolute supremacy would at
once be the prize of the victor.

XVI. Well, then, Ptolemy himself sailed to the
attack with a hundred and fifty ships, and ordered
Menelaiis to put out from Salamis with sixty ships,
and when the struggle was fiercest, to assail the ships
of Demetrius in the rear, and throw them into
confusion. But to these sixty ships Demetrius
opposed only ten ships (for that small number
sufficed to block the narrow exit from the harbour),
while he himself, after first drawing out his land
forces and encompassing the headlands that extended
into the sea, put out to battle with a hundred and
eighty ships. He made his onset with great impetus
and force, and utterly routed Ptolemy. Ptolemy
himself, after his defeat, fled swiftly with eight ships
only (for that small number were left from his whole
fleet ; of the rest, some had been destroyed in the
sea-fight, and seventy had been captured, crews and
all), but of the throng of attendants, friends, and
women which lay in ships of burden close at hand,
and further, of all Ptolemy's arms, money, and
engines of war, absolutely nothing escaped Demetrius,
but he took everything and brought it safely into
his camp. Among this booty was the celebrated
Lamia, originally held in esteem for her artistic skill
(she was thought to play the flute quite admirably),

37

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

OVK evKara^povijrco^, varepov 8e /calrols epwTi-
4 KOK \afjL7rpd yevopevrj. Tore yovv 77877 \yyovaa
/cal TTO\V vea)Tpov eavrf)^ \afiovcra TOV

eicprrjae r %^
are efceivrjs elvai novijs epaarijv, r&v 6' a\\cov

^ (

Mera 8e rrjv vavpayiav ov$e o
av-reaxev, a\\a TTJV re f,a\afuva TrapeSto/ce T&)
&rjfj,r)Tpi<p KOL ra? raO? Kal TO vre^oy, tV-Tret? re 896

KOI

v v ,
XVII. OuTft) e \ap,7rpav Kai tcaXpv T^V vwr\v

o/evopevnv e-ri fj,d\\ov efTLKoa^wv o ?//A7;
vyvo)fJLOffvvrj Kal <j)i\av0pa)7ria TOU? veicpoiii
iroKefJiiwv eOa^re fjLjd\OTrp7ra)<; ical'rofa al
XWTOU? ar/cev 'A^i/atot? 3e %iXta? al

TCOZ/ \a(f)vpc0v eSw^o-aro irAvair\id<s.

2 Av-rdyyeXov Se TT)? i/tV??? rw Trarpl T
o-toi; 'Apia-ToBrj/jiov eire^e, Trpwrevovra
TWV av\iKWi> ciTrdvTwv, Kal Tore irapea-fce
a)? eoixe, TWV KoXaKevfjidrcov TO ^eyiarov
KCLV TOI? Trpdypaa-iv. a>5 7ap eirepaaev ^
Kuvrpou, TTpoo-exew I* OVK eiaa-e rrj 7^ TO
dyKvpa? 8' a^elvat K6\evcras Kal Kara vavv

3 drpe^a -nav-ras, auTO? e>/3a? et? TO e$o\Kiov e
Hovos Kal Trpo? TOJ> ' AvTLjovov dveftcuve, per
ovra -rfj TTpoa&oKia rfjs Ata%79 Kal Siatceipevov

et/co?

Tr)\itcovTC0v dyuviwvTas. Tore <ye
etceivov iJKiv ert, paXkov 17 rrporepov ea^e rapa-
, Kal fJLo\i<! fJiev avrbv oUoi aT
% eV aXXot? erre^Trev virrjp&Tas

38

DEMETRIUS, xvi. 3-xvn. 3

but afterwards becoming illustrious in the annals of
love also. At this time, at any rate, although she
was past her prime and found Demetrius much
younger than herself, she so mastered and swayed
him by her charms that he was a lover for her alone,
but a beloved for all other women.

After the sea-fight, Menelaiis also made no further
resistance, but handed over Salamis to Demetrius,
together with his fleet, and his land forces, which
comprised twelve hundred horsemen and twelve
thousand men-at-arms.

XVII. This victory, which was so fair and brilliant,
Demetrius adorned still more by his humanity and
kindness of heart. He gave the enemy's dead a
magnificent burial, and set his captives free ; more-
over, upon the Athenians he bestowed twelve hundred
suits of armour from the spoils.

As his special messenger to carry word of the
victory to his father, Demetrius sent Aristodemus of
Miletus, the arch- flatterer among all his courtiers,
and ready now, as it would seem, to crown the
achievement with the grossest of his flatteries. For
when he had crossed over from Cyprus, he would
not suffer his vessel to come to land, but ordered the
crew to cast anchor and remain quietly on board, all
of them, while he himself got into the ship's small
boat, landed alone, and proceeded towards Antigonus,
who was anxiously awaiting news of the battle, and
was disposed as men are apt to be disposed who
are struggling for so high a stake. And now, indeed,
when he heard that Aristodemus was coming, he was
more disturbed than before, and, with difficulty
keeping himself indoors, sent servants and friends,

39

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

<j)i\ov<; Trevo-o/jievovs rov 'ApiaroBrj/jiov Trepl rwv
4 yeyovorcov. dTTOKpivo/jLevov Be /jitjBev avrov
fidBrfV Be teal crvvea-rwn ra) 7r/3ocra>7r&>

tea /ArjKerL Kaprepoov o ' ' P^vrLyovo^ eVt ra? 6v-
a7njvTijcr, TroA-Xoi' irapa-ne^LTTovTo^ ijSrj rov
aroBrj/jiov o^Xou KOI avvrpexovTOs eVl TO
5 (3a<ji\iov. &)? ovv eyyvs r)\6ev, eKreivas rrjv

\ev 'Avriyove, VLKM^GV TlToXejjialov vav/jia^ia KOI
Kvirpov e^ofjLev teal err par HUT as at^aXcorou?
jjivpiovs 6a/acr\TA./oi>9 o/CTa/couiOL'?." 6 Be 'AVTL-
701/09, " Kal (TV, vrj A/a, ^atpe," elTrev " OUTCO
B T^yua? ySacra^tua? Bi/crjv u^e^ei?' fipdBiov jap
d7ro\rfay TO evayyeXiov."

XVIII. 'EA; TOUTOV Trpcorov dvecfrdovrjae TO
ir\7]6o<; 'AvTiyovov Kal &r)/j,i'jTpiov /QacriXea?.
'Kvii'yovov fJiev ovv evOvs dveBrjaav ol (f)i\oi, t
A?7yar;T/3tft) Be 6 Trartjp eTre/jL^e BidBijfjta KOI
ypd<pwv eiricrTO\r)V /3aa-L\ea TrpoaelTrev. ol 8' eV
AlyvTrrw TOVTWV djrayyeX^ofjievcov Kal avrol
/3aai\ea rbv TlTO\fialov dvrjyopevcrav, &>9 fJir)
BOKLV rov (frpovijjuiaros vfiieaOai Bia rrjv rjrrav.
2 eTreveifjiaro Be ovrcos TO rrpayjjia rw ^A,w Toi/9
BiaB6%ov<;. Kal yap Avaifj,a%os ijp^aro <f)Opeli>
BtdBrj/jia, Kal %\VKOS evrvy^dvwv T049

criv, 7rel T0t9 ye ftapfidpois rrporepov ovros

. KdaavBpo? Be, rwv d\\wv
avrov /3acri\ea Kal ypatyovrwv Kal Ka\ovvra>v,
avros, wairep irporepov elwOei, T<*9 e
eypa<pe.

40

DEMETRIUS, xvn. 3-xvm. 2

one after the other, to learn from Aristodemus what
had happened. Aristodemus, however, would make
no answer to anybody, but step by step and with a
solemn face drew near in perfect silence. Antigonus,
therefore, thoroughly frightened, and no longer able
to restrain himself, came to the door to meet
Aristodemus, who was now escorted by a large throng
which was hurrying to the palace. Accordingly, when
he had come near, he stretched out his hand and
cried with a loud voice : " Hail, King Antigonus, we
have conquered Ptolemy in a sea-fight, and now hold
Cyprus, with twelve thousand eight hundred soldiers
as prisoners of war." To this Antigonus replied :
" Hail to thee also, by Heaven ! but for torturing us
in this way, thou shalt undergo punishment ; the
reward for thy good tidings thou shalt be some time
in getting."

XVI 1 1. Upon this, the multitude for the first
time saluted Antigonus and Demetrius as kings.
Antigonus, accordingly, was immediately crowned by
his friends, and Demetrius received a diadem from
his father, with a letter in which he was addressed as
King. The followers of Ptolemy in Egypt on their
part also, when these things were reported to them,
gave him the title of King, that they might not
appear to lose spirit on account of their defeat.
And thus their emulation carried the practice among
the other successors of Alexander. For Lysimachus
began to wear a diadem, and Seleucus also in his
interviews with the Greeks ; with the Barbarians he
had before this dealt as king. Cassander, however,
although the others gave him the royal title in their
letters and addresses, wrote his letters in his own
untitled name, as he had been wont to do.

41

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

Touro Se ov Trpoffdtj/ctjv bvofJLaros /cal
\\ayr)v el^e /JLOVOV, aXXo. /cal ra
dv&pwv e/civrjcre /cal ra? yvwfjias eTrfjpe KOI

rot? LOW /cal TCU9 ofjifidais avrwv oy/cov eveTrorjcre
/cat ftapvrijTa, KaOdirep rpayifccov virotcpiTwv a/j,a
rrj (TKevfj (TVfL/jLera/BdXXovTwv /cal ySa^uyua /cal
4 (fxovrjv /cal Kard/c\icriv /cal Trpocrayopeva-iv. e/c
Se TOVTWV eyevovro /cal Trepl ra? ^ucaitocreis
ftiaiorepoi, TTJV et9 7ro\\a Trape^ovaav aurou?
\,a$>poTpovs /cal fjLa\a/ca)Tpov<; rot? vTrrj/coois
Trporepov eipwvelav TT}? e^ovcrias a^eXo^re?. TO-
(Tovrov icr%vcre Ko\a/co<; fywvrj fiia /cal Tocravrijs
eveTrXtjae rrjv ol/cov/jiewrjv /xeTa/3oX?}9.

XIX. 'A^rt7oyo9 Se rot? TreTrpay/jievois VTTO
Arj/jLrjrpiov Trepl KUTT/JO^ eirapdels evOvs ecrrpd-
reva-ev 7rl HT ^oXe palov , auro9 f^ev aywv
rrjv Svvaiiv ArjLTTiov 8e M<d\w <TToXw

TrapaTT\ovTO<;. ov Be rpoirov eyc
ra Trpdy/^ara, M7JSiO9, 'Avnyo
2 elSe Kara rou9 VTTVOVS. eSotcei yap avrov 'Avrt- 897
yovov dyaivi^ecrdai yuera r^9 crrpaTias a7rd<rr)s
&iav\ov evpoocTTWs /cal ra%u TO TT/OWTOI/, elra Kara
fjiLKpov evBibovai, TTJV Svva/jiiv avr<p' /cal reXo9,
&>9 e/ca/Jbtyev, dcrOevrf yevo^evov /cal
ro9 ov pa&icos dvafyepeiv. auro9 re ovv e
Kara yrjv ?roXXat9 drropiais, teal
yeifji&vi, /jLe<yd\(i) /cal K\VO'Q)VI Kiv
6/9 TOTTOL'9 akifievovs /cal ^aXeTro^ eicpi(f>f)vai,
7roXXa9 Se TWI/ I'ew^ tt7roXecrai/T09, erravrjXdev

e Tore /JLiicpov drro\eirrovra yeyovoos e
42

DEMETRIUS, xvm. 3 -xix. 3

Now, this practice did not mean the addition of a
name or a change of fashion merely, but it stirred
the spirits of the men, lifted their thoughts high,
and introduced into their lives and dealings with
others pomposity and ostentation, just as tragic
actors adapt to their costumes their gait, voice,
posture at table, and manner of addressing others.
Consequently they became harsher in their judicial
decisions also ; they laid aside that dissemblance of
power which formerly had often made them more
lenient and gentle with their subjects. So great
influence had a flatterer's single word, and with so
great a change did it fill the whole world.

XIX. Antigonus, elated by the achievements of
Demetrius at Cyprus, at once 1 made an expedition
against Ptolemy ; he himself led his forces by
land, while Demetrius with a great fleet cooperated
with him by sea. How the enterprise was to issue,
Medius, a friend of Antigonus, was warned by a
vision in his sleep. He dreamed, namely, that
Antigonus himself, with his whole army, was com-
peting in a race over the course and back ; he ran
vigorously and swiftly at first, then, little by little,
his strength failed him ; and at last, after he had
made the turn, he became weak, breathed heavily,
and with difficulty made the finish. And conformably
to the vision, Antigonus himself encountered many
difficulties by land, and since Demetrius also en-
countered a great storm and a heavy sea and was
cast upon a rough coast which had no harbours, losing
many of his ships, he returned without accomplishing
anything.

Antigonus was at this time almost eighty years

1 During the same year, namely, 306 B.C.

43

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

oyBor/tcovTa, 1 fjL i ye@ei, Be KOI fiapvrrjTi,
fiaX\ov I] Bid TO yfjpas e'vrl ra? crT/sareta? yeyovoos
rTO? e^prjro ru) TraiBl /cal Si ev-
/cal 8i' e/uLTretpiav ijBr) TO, fjiejiara Ka\ws
BLOIKOVVTI, Tpv(f>a<; Be KOI TroXfreXeta? teal TTOTOU?
avrov /iirj /3apvv6/iivo<;. elptfvt)? jap OL/O-T;?

ei? ravra tea a^owv e-^ptTO TT/JO?
ra? ?;Som? avei/JievtoS avTM /cal Kara/copais, eV

e rot? Troe/xot? a>? ot
4 \eyerai Be T/}? Aayuta? dvacfravBov ij

TOV 'Avriyovov VTTO rov ^.rj^^rpiov feara(f)i\,ov-
[Jievov ritcovTOS airo evrjs elirelv cifj.a <ye\wvTa,
Aafitav, w ?rat, Kara^iXeiv" TTO.\IV Be
TT\eioi>a<; T^/xepa? eV TTOTOJ? yevo/jLevov, KCU
criv \e<yoi>TO<i &>? pevfia Bw^Xijcretev ainov,
'ETTU 06/jLijv" tydvai TOV ' ' Kvrl^ovov, " d\\a TTOTE-
acriov ^7 Xtoi' }^ TO pevfJiaT irvOo^evo^ Be
daOevws e^eiv avrov eftdBi^ev o^ro^evo^,
Kal TWV tcd\a)v TLVL Trepl Ovpas aTnjvTrjcrev elcre\-
6wv Be teal KaOiaas Trap* avrov rjifraTO TT}?
eteeivov Be elirovTO^ oil vvv o Trvperos
prjteev, " 'Ayu-eXei, TraiBiov," <pr), " teal e/jiol vvv
6 Trepl Ovpas CLTTLMV dTnjvr^tee.^ ravra Be OUTW
etyepe TOV &r}fj,r)Tpiov Bia TTJV a\\r]v
ol p,ev 'yap ^KvQai TTIVOVT^ Kal
Trapa^rd\\ova-i Ta? vevpas TWV

'-\' t \ .n . t n t * /

etcKvofjievov VTTO Trjs rjdovrjs avateaXov/J,evot,
1 oySo-ffKoyra MSS. and most editors : TUV o

44

T

DEMETRIUS, xix. 3-6

old, and his great size and weight, even more than
his old age, made it difficult for him to conduct
expeditions. He therefore made use of his son in-
stead, whose good fortune and experience now
enabled him to conduct the greatest affairs success-
fully, and whose luxuries, extravagances, and revelries
gave his father no concern. For although in time
of peace Demetrius plunged deep into these excesses
and devoted his leisure to his pleasures without
restraint and intemperately, yet in time of war he
was as sober as those who were abstemious by nature.
And we are told that once, after Lamia was known
of all men to be in complete control of Demetrius,
he came home from abroad and greeted his father
with a kiss, whereupon Antigonus said with a laugh,
" One would think, my son, that thou wert kissing
Lamia." Again, on another occasion, when De-
metrius had been at his revels for several days, and
excused his absence by saying that he w T as troubled
with a flux, " So I learned," said Antigonus, "but
was it Thasian or Chian wine that flowed ? " And
again, learning that his son was sick, Antigonus was
going to see him, and met a certain beauty at his
door ; he went in, however, sat down by his son, and
felt his pulse. " The fever has left me now," said
Demetrius. "No doubt, my boy," said Antigonus,
" I met it just now at the door as it was going
away." These failings of Demetrius were treated
with such lenity by his father because the young
man was so efficient otherwise. The Scythians, in
the midst of their drinking and carousing, twang
their bow-strings, as though summoning back their
courage when it is dissolved in pleasure ; but

45

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

TOV 6vfj,6v, eKelvo? Be ra fjiev rjBovfj BiBovs a
eavTOV, TO, Be (TTrovBfj, KOI 0drepa TWV erepcov
aKpara /jL6ra)/eipi6[j,vos, ov% YJTTOV rjv Beivbs ev

XX. 'AXXa Kal 7rapacrK6udcraa-dai Svva/Jiiv r)
i ^ekiLwv eSorcei a-Tparrjyos elvai, Trdvra
e/c Trepiovaias virdp^eiv /SouXoyLte^o? eVi ra?
&e Trepl ra? vavs Kal rd firj^a^/jiara
fjLeya\ovpyias Kal /cad' T^ovr\v Tiva TOV Oewpelv
aTrX^crro)? ex wv * v<f>vrj$ yap &v Kal
OUK et? 7rai8ia? ouS' et? o'iayct)yd$
eTpeifre TO <$>i\oTe")(yov, waTfep d\\oi ftacri\el<;
av\ovvTe<$ /cal ^wypafyovvTes KOL
2 'Ae/307TO? yap 6 ^la/ceBcov Tpaire&a [nucpd
\W)(y{$ia TKTaiv6jjievos, OTTOTC cr^oXa^bf, Sir/yev.
"ArraXo? Be 6 ^iXo^Tcop l/aJTreve ra? (f>ap/jia-
KcoBeis ftoTavas, ov JJLOVOV voaKvafjLOV Kal eXXe-
ftopov, aXXa Kal KOIVGLOV Kal CLKOVITOV Kal Sopv-
KVLOV, aLro? ev roi? /3acrtXetOi? aTreipwv Kal
OTTOU? re Kal Kaprrov avTwv epyov TTC-
el^evat, Kal KOfii^ecrdat, Kad^ wpav. 01
Be TIdpQwv /5a<TiXet? etrefJuvvvovTO ra? a/c/

TWV yewi^ aaTTOvTes avTol Ka

3 aXXa {irjv /^ri^Tplov Kal TO [Bdvavcrov r]v
KOV, Kal fjieyeOos r) /ueOoBos el^ev, daa TO>
Kal $i\oTej(yti) TWV epywv vtyos TI Biavoias Kal
fypovt'iiJiaTos crvveK<ftepovTU)V, axTTe [Jirj JJLOVOV 71/06-
/I-T;? Kal Trepiovaias, aXXa Kal ^eipo<;
veaOai /3aai\iKrjs. /jLeyedei pep yap
Kal TO i>? (^tXou?, Ka\\ei Be Kal TOVS

Tp7T6. TOVTO Be Tl /JboXkoV d\rj6S)^ T)

46

DEMETRIUS, xix. 6-xx. 3

Demetrius, giving himself up completely, now to
pleasure, and now to duty, and keeping the one
completely separate from the other, was no less
formidable in his preparations for war.

XX. Nay, he was actually thought to be a better
general in preparing than in employing a force, for
he wished everything to be at hand in abundance for
his needs, and could never be satisfied with the
largeness of his undertakings in building ships and
engines of war, or in gazing at them with great delight.
For he had good natural parts and was given to
speculation, and did not apply his ingenuity to things
that would afford useless pleasure or diversion, like
other kings who played on the flute, or painted, or
chased metals. Aeropus the Macedonian, for in-
stance, used to spend his leisure time in making
little tables or lamp-stands. And Attains Philometor
used to grow poisonous plants, not only henbane and
hellebore, but also hemlock, aconite, and dorycnium,
sowing and planting them himself in the royal
gardens, and making it his business to know their
juices and fruits, and to collect these at the proper
season. And the kings of the Parthians used to
take pride in notching and sharpening with their
own hands the points of their missiles. But with
Demetrius, even the work of his hands was kingly,
and his method had grandeur about it, since what he
produced displayed loftiness of purpose and spirit
combined with elegance and ingenuity, so that men
thought it worthy, not only to be designed and
paid for by a king, but actually to be wrought by
his hand. For its magnitude terrified even his
friends, and its beauty delighted even his enemies.
And this has still more truth in it than elegance of

47

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

4 eLprjrai. KOI T<X9 fjiev eKfcai<!)Kijp6is avrov real
ra? TrevrKaieKr)pei<s eOav/jbafrv ecrTwre? ol S9

e/uoi Trapd rrjv ^r\v CLVTMV irXeovcras, al
eXe7roXe9 &>9 Oea/jLa rot? TroXiopKov/jievois rjaav,

a)? aura ra TT pay par a fJLaprvpe

KOI 7TO\lOpKOVVTl 2oXoU? TOU?

nevos, eVe/Lt^e 7rapaKa\,a)V eTTiSel^ai ra?
a? avrw teal T? yau? TrXeoucra? 1 eViSe
av/jida-as aTrijXde. 'Po&ioi Be 7ro\vv
avrov TroXiopKijOevres, eVel KareXvcravTO TOV
riTrjaavro TWV p,r\yav&v eVta?, OTTO)?
TT}? IKCLVOV Swd/iecos a/xa ~al r^9 ctv-
dv$paya@ia$ e^uxriv.

XXI. 'ETroXeyu-^cre 6e 'PoStot? TlToXe/iatou cru//,-
? o5cr, al Tr/v {i6 r yi<TTr)v e\e7ro\iv rot? ret-
TTpoo-rfyayev, ^? eS/oa ftev ^ rerpdyutvo^,
e^ovcra rov KCLTCD 7rXtcrtou irkevpav
OKTW KOL recro-apaKOi'ra TT^-^MV, e^ Se /cal e^-
KOVTCL 7rr)%(t)v 1^09 el%f , 669 icopv(f)}]v crvvvevovcra

2 rat9 <w 7r\evpals crreva)Tepav TTJS (3dcrew$. ev-

&o6ev fjiev ovv crreyais SieTretypatcTO ttal
TroXXa.49, TO Se ?rp09 TOI;? 7roXe/uof9 aurr

TTOV dvitoKTO KdQ' KdcTT7]V ffie^V OvpLdLV, KOI

Sid TOVTWV ef eVtTrre ^eXi] nrav'ro'Barrd' //-ecrr?) 70/3
^i^ dvBpwv fjia^ofJL&VMV Tra&av ISeav ^d^rj^. KOL
TO /zr) Kpa&aivofJievov avrr)S /mrj&e K\IVO/JLVOV ev
Tat9 Kivi'icrecriv, aXX' opOov ev eSpa Kal dadXevrov,
IcroppoTrays dfjia poi^w KOI rova) vroXXco Trpo^a)-

povv, ^a/i/9o9 a/i,a T "fyvXV KC ^ 1 X^P lv ' Tiva T 5
o^reu TWV OewfJievwv Trapeze.
3 IT/9O9 8e TOVTOV TOV 7ro\jnov CLVTW Kal 6a)paK<s

48

DEMETRIUS, xx. 4 -xxi. 3

diction. His enemies would stand on shore and
admire his galleys of fifteen or sixteen banks of oars
as they sailed along past, and his " city-takers "
were a spectacle to those whom he was besieging, as
the actual facts testify. For Lysimachus, although
he was the bitterest enemy Demetrius had among
the kings, and had arrayed himself against him when
he was besieging Soli in Cilicia, sent and asked
Demetrius to show him his engines of war, and his
ships in full career ; and when Demetrius had shown
them, Lysimachus expressed his admiration and went
away. The Rhodians also, after they had been for
a long time besieged by Demetrius and had come to
terms with him, asked him for some of his engines
of war, that they might keep them as a reminder
of his power as well as of their own bravery.

XXI. Now, he made war upon the Rhodians l
because they were allies of Ptolemy, and brought up
against their walls his greatest "city-taker." Its
base was square, and each of its sides measured at
the bottom forty-eight cubits. It rose to a height
of sixty-six cubits, and tapered from base to summit.
Within, it was divided off into many storeys and
chambers, and the side of it which faced the enemy
had windows opening out of every storey, and out
through these issued missiles of every sort ; for it
was full of men who fought in every style of fighting.
Moreover, it did not totter or lean when it moved,
but remained firm and erect on its base, advancing
evenly with much noise and great impetus, and this
astounded the minds and at the same time greatly
charmed the eyes of those who beheld it.

For his use in this war there were brought to

1 In 305-304 B.C. The siege lasted about a year.

49

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

e/c KvTrpov Bvo o-iBrjpol, pvwv o
e/cdrepos Tea-trapaKOvra. Bv&TrdOeiav Be /cal pu>-

/JUJV a\)TWV 7TlB6lKVVfJLVO<; T%^tT7/9 Z&nXo9 K-

\evcrev e ei/coGi firjjLLdrcov d^elvat, KaraireXTiKov

/3eXo5, ov TrpocrTreffovTos appayrjs ^Lefietvev o GI-

877/309, d/Jiv%r)V & /JLO\I<; ea")(v d^\elav, olov aTro

4 rypcKpeiov. TOVTOV avros efybpei" rov 6' erepov

'H7T6/)ft)T779, CLVrfp TToXeyLU/eWTaTO? TWV

GVV avry KCU pwyaaXecoraTO?, 09 fiovos

ra-

\avTiaiq' KCU /xa^o/^e^o9 ev 'PoSy Trepl TO Oearpov

XXII. Eu/9a><TT6)9 Be KCU rwv 'PoBuwv djjivvo-
fievcov, ovSev a^iov \6yov Trpdrrcov o

o/x&>9 evfJLOfi^Gi TT/JO? avrovs, on,
yvvaiKOS avTU) <ypd/jL/j,ara /cal crrpco/jLara /cal tyua-
rta TrefJi^rdai]^, Xa/36^Te9 TO TrXotoi/, wcnrep et^e,
7T/309 IlToXeyiiaioz' direaretX-av, /cal Trjv ' AOijvaiwv
OVK e/jii/jirjcravTO <f)i\av6pu>Trlav, ot QiXiTrirov TTO-

ev aXXa9 dveyvaxrav 7rtc7ToXa9, ^ovrfv Be
'OXuyu7TfaSo9 OVK e\vaav, aXX', a>a7rep rjv /cara-
2 (reaij/jLacr/Aevri, 77/009 e/ceivov aTTe<ni\av. ov fir
aXXa, Ka'nrep eVt TOUTO) cr(f)68pa Br)%6el<i o
7rapaa^6vTa<; \aj3rjv V
TOU9 'PoStou9. erv^e yap avrols 6
HpwroyevTjS ypdcfrwv rrjv irepl rov 'laXi/-
Kal rov irivaKa jjui/cpov

5

DEMETRIUS, xxi. 3 -xxn. 2

Demetrius from Cyprus two iron coats of mail, each
of which weighed only forty pounds. Wishing to
show their strength and power of resistance, Zoilus
their maker gave orders that a catapult's missile
should be shot at one of them from a distance of
twenty paces, and in the place where it struck the
iron remained intact, although it did get a faint
scratch, such as might be made by a graver. This
coat of mail Demetrius wore himself; the other was
worn by Alcimus the Epeirot, the sturdiest and most
warlike of all the men under him, and the only one
whose suit of armour weighed a hundred pounds
(the rest used suits of fifty pounds weight) ; he fell
in battle at Rhodes near the theatre.

XXII. But the Rhodians on their part made a
vigorous resistance, and Demetrius, although he was
accomplishing nothing worthy of mention, neverthe-
less kept up the fight against them in a rage, because,
when Phila his wife sent him letters, bedding, and
clothing, the Rhodians had captured the vessel
containing them, and had sent it, just as it was, to
Ptolemy. In this they did not imitate the con-
siderate kindness of the Athenians, who, having
captured Philip's letter-carriers when he was making
war upon them, read all the other letters, indeed,
but one of them, which was from Olympias, they
would not open; instead, they sent it back to the
king with its seal unbroken. However, although
Demetrius was exceedingly exasperated by this,
when the Rhodians soon after gave him a chance to
retaliate, he would not allow himself to do so. It
happened, namely, that Protogenes the Caunian had
been making a painting for them which illustrated
the story of lalysus, and this picture, nearly finished,

5'

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

rov reXo? eye.iv ev nvi TU>V Trpoao-reiu>v e\a/3ev b
A77ftr?T/9i09. rrefjL^rdvrwv Be Ki)pvK.a rwv 'PoBicov
Kal Beo/jievcov fyeiaaaOat, Kal fjirj Bia<f)0elpai rb
epyov, drceKpivaro ra? TOV Trarpbs eiKovas dv

3 e/JLTrprjcraL jjia\\ov fj re^(vrj^ irovov rocrovrov. evrra
<yap erecrt \ejeraL crui/reXecrat TVJV ypaffcrjv 6 Tlpw-
royevris. /cat (py&tv 6 'ATreXXr}? oi;r&)? K7r\a-
yrji'di Oeacrd^evo^ rb epyov ware KOL (fiwvrjv TTL-
\nreiv CLVTOV, otye Be elirelv on " Meya? o

KOL 6 av fJLacnbv TO epyov" ov /j,r]v e^eiv ye
ra? Bi* a? ovpavov ^raveiv ra ini avrov

4 jjicva. ravrijif fJiV ovv Trjv ypa(j)r]v els ravjb rat?
aXXa^? Q-vvwcrOeiGav ev 'Pco/Jiy rb rrvp eTreveL/jLaro.
TMV Be 'PoBicov Kare^avHTra/uei'wv rov TroXe/zou,
Beo/Jievov 'jrpo(pd(7w<; rbv Arj/jirjrpiov 'A.6r]vaioL
7rapayev6/j,evoi BitjXXa^av eVl rw crv^fjLa^elv 'Po-
St'ou? 'AvTLyovw Kal Arj/jiiiTpiq) 7T\r)V errl

XXIII. ^Kakovv Be rbv ^/.tyjrpiov ol
VOLOL KacrdvBpov rb darv TroXiop/covvros. 6 Be
vaucrlv emrr\evcras rpiaKOGiais rpidfcovra Kal
OTrXtrat?, ov /Jibvov e^/jXacre rfjs 'Arri:?}9
Kdaai'Bpov, aXXa Kal (^evyovra ^XP L P~
IJLOTTV\WV Bico^a^ Kal rpe^rdf^evo^, ( HpdK\eiav
eXaftev, eKovaiw avrw rrpocrde/jieinjv, Kal rwv
MaKeBovwv e| r a/ci(T^iXtoL'9 yuera/SaXoyu-eVof?
2 avrov. erfavtwv Be rovs evrbs TlfXc
r)\ev9epov, Kal Botwroi'? eVotrycraTO

1 When Strabo wrote, during the reign of Augustus, the
painting was still at Rhodes, where it had been seen and
admired by Cicero (Oral. 2, 6) ; when the elder Pliny wrote,

5 2

DEMETRIUS, xxn. 2 -xxiii. 2

had been captured by Demetrius in one of the
suburbs of the city. The Rhodians sent a herald
and begged Demetrius to spare and not destroy the
work, whereupon he replied that he would rather
burn the likenesses of his father than so great a
labour of art. For we are told that it took Protogenes
seven years to complete the painting. And Apelles
says he was so smitten with amazement on beholding
the work that his voice actually failed him, and that
when at last he had recovered it, he cried, " Great is
the toil and astonishing the work," remarking,
however, that it had not the graces which made the
fame of his own paintings touch the heavens. This
painting, then, crowded into the same place with the
rest at Rome, the fire destroyed. 1 As for the
Rhodians, they continued their strenuous resistance
in the war until Demetrius, who wanted a pretext
for abandoning it, was induced to make terms with
them by a deputation of Athenians, on condition
that the Rhodians should be allies of Antigonus and
Demetrius, except in a war against Ptolemy.

XXIII. And now the Athenians called upon
Demetrius because Cassander was besieging their
city. So Demetrius sailed to their help with three
hundred and thirty ships and a great number of
men-at-arms, and not only drove Cassander out of
Attica, but actually pursued him in his headlong
flight as far as Thermopylae, and then took Heracleia,
which joined him of its own accord, and six thousand
Macedonians, who also came over to him. On his
return, he gave their freedom to the Greeks on this
side of Thermopylae, made the Boeotians his allies,

a generation or two later, it had been carried to Rome and
placed in the temple of Peace (cf. Strabo, xiv. p. 652: Plinv.
N.H. xxxv. 10, 36).

53

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

Kal Key^pea? eIX,e* Kal 3>v\i)V KOI YidvaKrov,

eirireiyiaiJiara rm 'ArriKijs VTTO KacrdvSpov

i ' i ' '

<ppovpov/jL6va, Karaarpe^rajJievo 1 ^ arceowKe rot?

*A.6r)vaiois. ot >e Kairrep eKfceyjjjJiivoi rrpbrepov

avrov Kal KaraKevrjjLevoL iracrav

e^evpov o/i/w? /cat rare TrpocrfyaTOi KOL Kaivoi rat?

3 KoXa/ceiaLS <>avr\vai. TOV jap OTria06$o/Aov rov
TlapOevwvos direSei^av avrw KardXucnv rcd/cel
Sianav et^e, rr}? 'A^^i^a? Xeyo/^e^? vTroBe^ea-Oai
/cal ^evi^etv avrov, ov irdvv KOCT/JLIOV %evov ovSe

4 to? TrapOevw Tr/oaw? 7ricrTad/j.evovTa. xairoL rov
d8e\(f)bv avrov <&L\i7nrov ala6o[JLevo<$ TTOTG 6 ira-
Trjp ev otKia Karakvovra rpet? %ovcrr) z^ea? <yvval-

\J V >^V>J^)'J- '

:a?, 717)09 eKeuvov pev ovbev efpuej^aro, Trapovros

& eKGlVOV, TOV (TTaO /JLoSoTT}]; fJLeTaTrefJL^rdfJLGVOS,

" OUTO?," elTrev, " OVK eaej? (JLOV rov viov K TT}?

XXIV. A/7 / a?;T/9to? e, Trjv'A.0r]vav avrw rrpocr-
r)Kov, el &-' aXXo /ntj^ev, w? 76 Trpea-ftvrepav
dSe\(f)r]V al(T^(i)ve(T0ai (rovro jap /3ov\ero Xe-
, rocravrrjv ij[Bpiv 6/9

acrra9

7ToXe&>9 WCTT6 &OK6LV TOT6 jJidXlGTa KaOap6VlV

rov roTrov, ore X/ofcrtSt /cal Aa/Aia Kal A^yLtot
at 'AvriKvpa, rat? nopvats eKeivais, crvvaKo-
\acrraivoi.

Ta yuei' oui^ a'AAa crac^w? drrajye\\LV ov
SLOL rr)V Trb\iv, rrjv 8e A.r}uoK\eovs dperrjv
(Twfypoavvrjv a^ibv earl /Jirj 7rape\0elv. Ke1vo$
ydp rjv en 7ra?9 avrj/3o$, OVK e\aOe Be rov

rpiov e^wv rr)$ evjAoptptas rtjv eirtovvfjiiav

54

DEMETRIUS, xxm. 2 -xxiv. 2

and captured Cenchreae ; he also reduced Phyle and
Panactum, fortresses of Attica in which Cassander
had garrisons, and gave them back to the Athenians.
And they, although before this they had used up
and exhausted all the honours that could be bestowed
upon him, nevertheless devised a way to show them-
selves then also the authors of new and fresh
flatteries. For instance, they assigned him the rear
chamber of the Parthenon for his quarters ; and
there he lived, and there it was said that Athena
received and entertained him, although he was no
very orderly guest and did not occupy his quarters
with the decorum due to a virgin. And yet on one
occasion when his father understood that his brother
Philip was quartered in a house occupied by three
young women, he said not a word to Philip himself,
but in his presence said to the quartermaster whom
he had summoned, " See here, wilt thou not remove
my son from his narrow quarters? '

XXIV. But Demetrius, who ought to have revered
Athena, if for no other reason, at least because she
was his elder sister (for this was what he liked to
have her called *), filled the acropolis with such
wanton treatment of free-born youth and native
Athenian women that the place was then thought
to be particularly pure when he shared his disso-
lute life there with Chrysis and Lamia and Demo
and Anticyra, the well-known prostitutes.

Now, to give all the particulars plainly would
disgrace the fair fame of the city, but I may not pass
over the modesty and virtue of Democles. He was
still a young boy, and it did not escape the notice of
Demetrius that he had a surname which indicated

1 Since the Athenians had made him a "Saviour-god."

5$

VOL. IX. C

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

yopov e/ca\elTO yap A?7/OArXj}? o /ca\6s. &>? Be

7TeipCt)VT(i)V KCU BlB6vTU>V KOI (frofioVVTCOV

ov&evbs r)\icrKTO, reA.0? Be (frevywv ra? ira-
real TO yv/jLvdcnov el'? TL jBakavelov

IBiCOTl/COV <j)OLTa XoU<TOyLt6^0?, eTTLT^ptJCTa^ TOV KCLI-

3 pov o Ary/^T/oto? Treicrr)\dev avrw JULOVW. KOI 6

7rat9, co? tr^^eie r Trept avrov eprjfiiav /cal TTJV

a(j)e\c0v TO Tray/Ad TOU ^aX/tcoyLtaro? et?
evrjXaro /cal SiityOeipev auTov, avdt-ia
y a^ia Be TT}? TrarptSo? KOI TOV

o KXco/u-eSo^ro?, 05

7T6VT)JKOVTa

tcdi <ypdfji/j,aTa Trapd

KOfjiLCraS 7T/D09 TOV Slj/jLOV OV fJLOVOV

aXXa /cal Ti]v TTO\IV avve-
TOV fjiev yap KXeo/ue^o^ra TTJ?
d<f>r/Kav, eypdcf)^ Be - v/^?y^)fcr / aa fjiti^eva TWV
eTuo-TO\rjv Trapd A^/x^T/otou KO/JLI^CLV. eVet Be
d/covea*; eVeti/o? ou/c tfvey/ce yLier/3/<y?, aXX'
vd/cTijcre, BeiaavTe^ av6i<$ ov JLLOVOV TO
fcadel\ov, ttXXa /cal TCOZ^ elo'iyyija'afAevaiv /cal avvei-
TTOVTWV Tou? /zei' aTckK.TG.ivav, TOU? Se e^vydBeucrav,
eTi Be 7rpoa-tyr/<f)i(TavTO BeBo^Oai TM
KOrjvaiwv TCCLV, o TL av 6 /3acriXeu?
Ke\ev(rr], TOVTO /cal TT/OO? Oeovs OCTLOV /cal TT/JO?
5 dv6pu>TTov<s elvai Si/caiov. CLTTOVTO^ Be TIVOS TCOV
KO\WV /cdyaQwv dvBpwv /Jiaivecrtfai TOV ^TpaTO-
/c\ea ToiavTa ypdcftovTa, A^/zo^a/)?;? o Aev/covoevs

56

ftevrav" elTrev, " el JJL^ palvono"

DEMETRIUS, xxiv. 2-5

his comeliness ; for he was called Democles the
Beautiful. But he yielded to none of the many who
sought to win him by prayers or gifts or threats, and
finally, shunning the palaestras and the gymnasium,
used to go for his bath to a private bathing-room.
Here Demetrius, who had watched his opportunity,
came upon him when he was alone. And the boy,
when he saw that he was quite alone and in dire
straits, took off the lid of the cauldron and jumped
into the boiling water, thus destroying himself, and
suffering a fate that was unworthy of him, but show-
ing a spirit that was worthy of his country and of
his beauty. Not so Cleaenetus the son of Cleomedon,
who, in order to obtain a letter from Demetrius to
the people and therewith to secure the remission of
a fine of fifty talents which had been imposed upon
his father, not only disgraced himself, but also got
the city into trouble. For the people released
Cleomedon from his sentence, but they passed an
edict that no citizen should bring a letter from
Demetrius before the assembly. However, when
Demetrius heard of it and was beyond measure
incensed thereat, they took fright again, and not only
rescinded the decree, but actually put to death some
of those who had introduced and spoken in favour of
it, and drove others into exile ; furthermore, they
voted besides that it was the pleasure of the Athenian
people that whatsoever King Demetrius should ordain
in future, this should be held righteous towards the
gods and just towards men. And when one of the
better class of citizens declared that Stratocles was
mad to introduce such a motion, Demochares of
Leuconoe said : " He would indeed be mad not to be

57

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

TroXXa yap 6 ^rparoK\ij^ co^eXetro Bia rrjv K0\a-
Keiav. 6 Be ^/jLo^dprj^ eVl TOVTW Bia/3\r)0el<;
efpvyaBevdtj. roiavra eTrparrov 'AOrjvaioi, <f>pov-
pa<$ a7rr)\\d)^0ai Kal rrjv e\evdeplav e^eiv Bo-

XXV. A^/z^TyOio? Be 7rape\6wv eh
vr)GOV, ovBevos vtyio-TafAevov rcov evavriwv, a\\a
(frewyovrcov Kal Trpo'ie/jtevcov ra? TroXet?,
ydyero njv re Ka\ovfjiGvr)v *A.fCTr)V /cal '

/cal "Apyo? real ^.ifcvwva
e\vcraro TcCkavra Sou? exarov

2 (frpovpovaiv. eV "Apyei /j,ev ovv r^? TWV
eoprrjs KaOriKOvcn^, aywvoOeT&v Kal
ryvpi^Gov TOis"Ei\\r)(nv, eyrjfjie TTJV AlaKiSov Ouya-
repa, rov MoXorrco^ /SacrtXea)?, dSe\(f>rjV Be
Tlvppov, AijiBd/meiav. ^IKVCOVLOVS Be <^?;<ra5 Trapa
rrjv Trb\iv OLKeiv TTJV 7ro\iv, eireicrev ov vvv oiKovat
/jLTOiKi<racr0ai' T&> Be TOTTW Kal rovvofia rrjv
7ro\iv avfJif^eral3a\ov<7av avrl ^LKVWVOS Arj/LiTj-

3 TpidBa TrpoGTvyopevcrev. ev Be 'Icr^/^a) KOLVOV
GweBpiov yevo/jLevov Kal 7ro\\a)V avOpcinrwv GVV-
e\.6ovrwv, rjyefjiMV dvijyopevOtj T/}? 'EXXaSo?, a>?
irporepov ol Trepl <&i\i7r7rov Kal *K\e%avBpov wv
eKelvos ov Trapa p.LKpov evofju^ev eawrbv eivai
/3e\rioi'a, TTJ TV%rj rfj Trapovcrrj Kal Trj Bvvd/jLei
TWV TrpayfiaTcov eiraipo/jievos. 'AXeaz;&/30? yovv
ovBeva ra)v aXXcoi^ /3a(Ti\ec0v aTreareprjcre
ofjLwvv^La^, ovBe CLVTOV avelire ySacriXewi/

58

DEMETRIUS, xxiv. 5~xxv. 3

mad." For Stratocles reaped much advantage from
his flatteries. Demochares, however, was brought
under accusation for this and sent into exile. So
fared it with the Athenians, who imagined that because
they were rid of their garrison they therefore had
their freedom.

XXV. And now Demetrius proceeded into Pelo-
ponnesus, 1 where not one of his enemies opposed
him, but all abandoned their cities and fled. He
received into allegiance Acte, as it is called, and
Arcadia (except Mantineia), and freed Argos, Sicyon,
and Corinth by paying their garrisons a hundred
talents. At Argos, then, where there was a cele-
bration of the festival of Hera, he presided at the
games and attended the solemn assemblies with the
Greeks, and married Deidameia, 2 the daughter of
Aeacides king of the Molossians, and the sister of
Pyrrhus. As for the Sicyonians, he told them their
city was in the wrong place, and persuaded them to
change its site to that which it now has ; moreover,
with the site he also changed the name of the city,
calling it Demetrias instead of Sicyon. And at the
Isthmus of Corinth, where a general assembly was
held and throngs of people came together, he was
proclaimed Commander-in-chief of the Greeks, as
Philip and Alexander had been proclaimed before
him ; and to these he considered himself in no
slight measure superior, lifted up as he was by the
good fortune and power which he then enjoyed.
And certainly King Alexander never refused to
bestow the royal title upon other kings, nor did he
proclaim himself King of Kings, although many

1 Early in 303 B.C.

2 Although both Eurydice and Phila were still living.

59

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

KCLITOI 7roXXot9 TO Ka\.l<j6ai KOI elvai j3acri,\eas
4 avTos BeBteKws' eKelvos Be y^Xevd^wv teal ye\(*)i>
TOU? aXXoy Tiz^a rr\r]V TOV 7rar/oo9 /fat avrov
/3acri\ea TrpocrayopevovTas, /;Sea>9 iJKove TWV Trapa
TTOTOV e < ni'Xya'LS \ai~if3avbvrwv Arj/juirpLOv ftaai-

Be

5 K\eovs Se TOV ^i/ce'kicoTOV vr)cndp%ov. TOVTCOV 8e
TT/)O? TOU? ftacrikels K(f)6po/iievc0v ol [Jiev d\\oi

KareyeXcov, Afcrt/za^o? S' rjyavaKTel
et o-TrdSovra vofJbi^ei A??yL6?yr/7i09 avrov
yap elu)OeLcrav 6vvov%pv<; ^X eLV ya^o-

6 <f)V\aKa<;. rjv $6 teal Trdvrwv a7re^$e<7TaTO9 o

avrco, KOI \oiSopwv e/9 roz^ epwra
Aa/ua9 e\ye vvv rrpwrov eaypa/cevai Tropvrjv
ep^o/J,V7jv GK rpayifcrjs GKrjvfjS' 6 Be
Trjv eavTOv iropvi^v
e/ceivav Tl^Te\o7r^.

XXVI. Tore 8' ovv dva^evyvvwv et9 ra9 '
va$ eypatyev OTL fBovXeTai Trapayevbfjievos evOvs
K.al rrjv re\err]V aTracrav diro rwv
^ v eTroTTTiKwv TrapaXafBelv. rovro
Be ov de/JHTOV r)V ovBe yeyovbs Trporepov, dX\d
TO, fjbiicpa TOV 'AvOecrTijpiwvos Te\ovvTO, Ta Be
TOV l&oijBpo/uLiwvos- eTrcorrTevov Be TOV-
UTTO TCOV i^eydkwv eviavTOV Bia\ei7rovTes.
2 dvayvuKjOevTUtv Be TWV ypa/jL/jLarwv yito^o9 eroX-
fjLVjGev dvTeLTrelv TlvOoBcopos 6 BaBov^o^, errepave
Be ovBev aXXa %TpaTOK\eovs

60

DEMETRIUS, xxv. 3 -xxvi. 2

kings received their position and title from him;
whereas Demetrius used to rail and mock at those
who gave the title of King to any one except his
father and himself, and was well pleased to hear
revellers pledge Demetrius as King, but Seleucus
as Master of the Elephants, Ptolemy as Admiral,
Lysimachus as Treasurer, and Agathocles of Sicily
as Lord of the Isles. When this was reported to
these kings, they all laughed at Demetrius, except
Lysimachus ; he was incensed that Demetrius con-
sidered him a eunuch (it was the general practice to
have eunuchs for treasurers). And of all the kings
Lysimachus had most hatred for Demetrius. He
was once reviling the man's passion for Lamia, and
said that this was the first time he had ever seen a
harlot coming forward to play a great tragic part ;
Demetrius, however, declared that his own harlot
was more chaste than the Penelope of Lysimachus.

XXVI. But to resume the story, when Demetrius
was getting ready to return to Athens, he wrote
letters to the people saying that he wished to be
initiated into the mysteries as soon as he arrived,
and to pass through all the grades in the ceremony,
from the lowest to the highest (the "epoptica").
Now, this was not lawful, and had not been done
before, but the lesser rites were performed in the
month Anthesterion, the great rites in Boedromion ;
and the supreme rites (the " epoptica ") were
celebrated after an interval of at least a year from
the great rites. And yet when the letter of Demetrius
was read, no one ventured to oppose the proposition
except Pythodorus the Torch-bearer, and he accom-
plished nothing ; instead, on motion of Stratocles,
it was voted to call the current month, which was

61

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

TOV M.ovvv%ia)va

KCt\lV Kttl VOfjii^etV, Te\OVV TU) Al/yLtT/T/Otft) TO,

TT/oo? "Ajpav Kal /xera ravra 7rd\iv e' 'Az>-
6 Movvv%ic0v <yev6fjLevo$ ^orjSpo/jLLcov
rrjv \oi7rrjv reXerijv, a^a KOI rrjv eVo-
TOV AT; /ULIJT piov irpoaeiTiXaftbvTOS. Sib teal

TOV ^

6 TOV eviavTOV awTe/icav et? ^r\v eva,

Trepl T?}? ev TU> TIapdevwvi

6 TrjV aKpoTTo'Xiv TravBoKeiov vTro\a[3u>v

KOI TO,? erat/oa? elaayaywv TTJ irapOevw. 90.

XXVII. IIoXXw^ Se jevo/Mvcov ev Trj

TOT6 7T7^jie'>jiTCOl' Kal TTaaVOjLT/ JJLCITWV KLVO

fjLa\iCTTa \ej6Tai \V7rrjo-ai TOVS 'AOrjvaiovs, OTL
BiaKoaia Kal TrevTi'-jKovTa T<JL\CLVTCL Tropiaai,
Kal bovvai TrpocTTa^dev aurot? Kal r?}? etc
crvvTovov Kal aTrapairiJTOV yevo/Aevrjs,

TO dpyvpiov e/ceXei/cre Aa/ua Kal rat?
irepl avTr)V tTaipais et? cr^yyu-a $o6r)i>ai,. rj jap

rr)? ^.fuay Kal TO prjfjia TOV

2 p,a\\ov a)^X?/(T6 rou? vp(JL>Tcov<$. evioi e TOVTO
erraXot?, OVK 'AQrjvaiois, VTT avTov <rvfjL/3rjvai
\jovcn. %&)/?l? Be TOVTWV avTrj Ka6* eavTrjv f)
dfiia TO) /SacrfXet TrapciffKevd^ovcra

7roXXou9. Kal TO belirvov

62

DEMETRIUS, xxvi. a-xxvu. 2

Munychion, Anthesterion, and so to regard it, and
the lesser rites at Agra were performed for Demetrius ;
after which Munychion was again changed and
became Boedromion instead of Anthesterion, De-
metrius received the remaining rites of initiation,
and at the same time was also admitted to the
highest grade of " epoptos." Hence Philippides, in
his abuse of Stratocles, wrote l :

" Who abridged the whole year into a single month,"

and with reference to the quartering of Demetrius
in the Parthenon :

" Who took the acropolis for a caravansery,
And introduced to its virgin goddess his court-
esans."

XXVII. But among the many lawless and shocking
things done by Demetrius in the city at this time,
this is said to have given the Athenians most
displeasure, namely, that after he had ordered them
to procure speedily two hundred and fifty talents for
his use, and after they had levied the money
rigorously and inexorably, when he saw the sum
that had been collected, he commanded that it should
be given to Lamia and her fellow courtesans to buy
soap with. For the shame they felt was more
intolerable to the people than their loss, and the
words which accompanied it than the deed itself.
But some say that those who received this treatment
were Thessalians, not Athenians. Apart from this
incident, however, Lamia, when she was preparing
a supper for the king, exacted money on her own
account from many citizens. And the costliness

1 Part of the fragment cited at xii. 4.

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

r\vOi]<je. TT) So>; Bid TIJV rro\VTe\iav WCTTC vrro
Airy/ceco? TOV ^a/utiov avyjeypac^Oai. Sio Kal TCOV
T<> ov <pav\ci)<s rrjv Adfjiiav 'EXeTroXw

7rpO(TL7T. Ai^O^a/))/? 5' 6 SoXfO? TOV

avTOV 6/cd\ei Mvdov* elvai jap CLVTM

3 Ov fiovov Be rats" ya/xeral^, d\\a KOL rots
TOV

KOI <TT6pyofj,evij 7rape)(V.
yovv Tii'e? Trap 1 CLVTOV KctTa rrpecrfieiav TT/JO?

eicelvos dya)i> G%o\rjv erreSet^ev ev

T rot? ^77/0049 Ka T069
ovv\wv \ovTei(o

Trpo? TO 0)jpiov, VTTO ' A\6J;di>$pov
evTi TOV /3a<Tt\6a)<?. 01 8e yeXcoi'Tes
e<f>ao-av Kal TOV avTWV ^acrtXea SCLVOV Qrjplov
4 &;;y/.iaTa fyepeiv ev T(O Tpa%)j\(i), Aauias. rjv Se

OTL TT}? 4>tXa? eV p%^ TO

j)\iKLav Svcr^epaivcov, IJTTIJTO T?^ Aa^'a?,

TOOTOVTOV

<yovv y rj eTTiKaXov/nevr) Mai^ta, Tcapa SCLTTVOV av-
Xoi/cr?;? T^Aa/iia? :at TO)
"Ti aoL SoKel" " r/oaD?," etTrer, "w
Trd\iv be Tpayrj/naTcov 7rapXT60evTcov KUKCLVOV
7T/309 avT))v eiTrovTos, "'Opas ocra fioi Ad^ia
;" ' IlXet'ora," e?/, " TT^<0)aTai, <TOL

Trapd TT}? /x?)? yu,/;T/oo9, eaj^ ^eX?;? /cat
5 KatfevSeiv" d7TojjLVtj^oi'V6Tat, Be TJJS Aa/iia? /cat
64

DEMETRIUS, xxvu. 2-5

of this supper gave it so wide a renown that it was
described in full by Lynceus the Samian. Hence
also a comic poet not inaptly called Lamia "a
veritable City-taker." l And Demochares of Soli
called Demetrius himself " Fable/' because he too,
like Fable, had a Lamia. 2

And not only among the wives of Demetrius, but
also among his friends, did the favour and affection
which he bestowed on Lamia awaken envy and
jealousy. At all events, some ambassadors from him
once came to Lysimachus, and Lysimachus, in an hour
of leisure, showed them on his thighs and shoulders
deep scars of wounds made by a lion's claws ; he also
told them about the battle he had fought against
the beast, with which he had been caged by
Alexander the king. Then they laughingly told
him that their own king also carried, on his neck,
the bites of a dreadful wild beast, a Lamia. And
it was astonishing that while in the beginning he
was displeased at Phila's disparity in years, he was
vanquished by Lamia, and loved her so long, although
she was already past her prime. At all events, when
Lamia was playing on the flute at a supper, and
Demetrius asked Demo, surnamed Mania, what she
thought of her, " O King," said Mania, " I think
her an old woman." And at another time, when
some sweetmeats were served up, and Demetrius
said to Mania, " Dost thou see how many presents
I get from Lamia?" "My mother," said Mania,
"will send thee more, if thou wilt make her also
thy mistress." And there is on record also Lamia's

1 See chapter xx. 4.

2 The name of a fabulous monster reputed to eat men's
flesh.

65

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

77/909 Trjv \eyo/ji6vrjv Bo/rj^ctJ/oeft)? Kpicnv dvTipprj-
<Ti9. tVet yap Tt9 epwv ev AlyvTTTW rrjs e

rreiro crv^vov ^pvcrov, elra Kara rou?

uTTj/oi/9 So^a? avTy crvyyei>ea-0ai T?}? 7ri0v/j,ia<$
eTravcraTO, &L/crjv eXa^ev rj @a)^t? avT&rov
/UITO?. a/coi;cra9 Se TOV \6yov 6
\vae TOV av9pu>Trov ocrov yrrfOi

ev TW ayyeifo 8ict(f)6peiv Sevpo Ka/ceicre rfj
rr)V $e eraipav e^ecrOcu TT}? a-tcias, &>? rrjv
&6av TT}? d\r}0eia<; GKICLV ovoav. OVK w'ero
ravnjv elvai TTJV Kplcriv 77 Adfiia SiKaiav ov yap

rj crtcia TT}? eTTtdufiia^ TOV dpyvpiov TTJV
, TO Be ovap eiravcrev epcovTa TOV veavia/cov.
Tavra p,ev ovv Trepl Aa/ua?.

XXVIII. Trjv Be Bi^yrjcnv, wcnrep e/f
cTKrjvrjS, TrdXiv elf TpayiKrjv /jLeTayovcnv at
KOI at Trpa^ei? TOV dvSpos ov Birjyov^eOa. TWV
yap a\\wv jSa&iXewv dirdvrcov crvvia'Ta^Levwv
eirl TOV 'AvTiyovois KOI av^epovroiv et? rauro
ra? Svvdjueis, djrrjpev 6 ^ri^rpio^ /c r^)?

80?, Kal TO) TTClTpl (TV/JL/jLL^a^ (j)l\OTlJJ,OV/JLV(p

TOV TToXeJLOV, TL

2 evrepp&)&0ij. Kaiioi BOKCL ye 'AvTiyovos, el /J,L-
/cpwv TIVWV vcfreiTO ical rr}9 ayav <j)i\ap%ia<; e%-
\aae, ^XP L 7ra *'T09 civ avTw Sia(j)v\d^a
/caToXiTreiv TO irpwTov elvai. (frvaei Be fiapvs
/cal vTrepoTTTrjs, Kal ro?9 ^07069 ov% TJTTOV rj rot9
Trpdyjuao-i r/oa^v9, TTO\\OV? Kal veovs Kal Bvva-
TOV<; avBpas e^rjypiaii'e Kal Trapcogvve' Kal TIJV 90!

66

DEMETRIUS, xxvu. 5-xxvm. 2

comment on the famous judgment of Bocchoris.
There was, namely, a certain Egyptian who was in
love with Thonis the courtesan, and was asked a
great sum of money for her favours ; then he dreamed
that he enjoyed those favours, and ceased from his
desires. Thereupon Thonis brought an action
against him for payment due, and Bocchoris, on
hearing the case, ordered the man to bring into
court in its coffer the sum total demanded of him,
and to move it hither and thither with his hand,
and the courtesan was to grasp its shadow, since
the thing imagined is a shadow of the reality.
This judgment Lamia thought to be unjust ; for
though the dream put an end to the young man's
passion, the shadow of the money did not set the
courtesan free from her desire for it. So much, then,
for Lamia.

XXVIII. But the fortunes and achievements of
the man whose Life I am narrating, brings my
narrative back, as it were, from the comic to the
tragic stage. For all the other kings leagued
themselves together against Antigonus and united
their forces, and so Demetrius set forth from Greece, 1
and finding his father eager beyond his years for
the war, he was himself still more encouraged. And
yet it would seem that if Antigonus had made some
trifling concessions and had slackened his excessive
passion for dominion, he might have always retained
the supremacy for himself and have left it to his son.
But he was naturally stern and haughty, and was
harsh in what he said no less than in what he did,
and therefore exasperated and incited against him-
self many young and powerful men ; and their

1 Late in 302 B.C.

67

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

ye Tore avcrraaiv KCU KOivwv'iav avrwv e\eyev
warrep opviOwv (nrepp.o\6y(ov avvBpo/Aijv kvi \L6u>
Kal ^r6(f)(p crvvBiarapd^eiv.
3 9 Hye Be rre^ovs JJLCV eTTTaKKTjJLVp
Be *viovs, e\e<)avras Se

TV evavrwv %vrwv TTCOVS /JLCV

KOL rerpaKia"^i\iov<; ) tVirei? Be TTCV-
TWV ekeivov TrKeiovas, eXe^a^ra? 8e
, apfj.ara Be eKdTOV eLKO&i. yevo-
eyyvs CLVTWV Tporri-jv t'cr^ez/ 77 iavoia

4 e'XvrtSo? fj.a\\ov rj rr}? 7^(0/^779. u-v^^Xo

/cat yavpos elwdcos ev rot? ayoxn Kal
(ficovfj re /AeydXy KCU \6yois crofiapols,
Be Kal rw rrapacncwtyal n real ye\olov
rwv rroX.eu.Lwv ev yepcrlv ovrwv em^eiPd-

J //) N I ' ' '

evaraueiav KCLI tcara&povricnv, rare avv-
vov<$ ewpdro Kal cricd'Tnjkb'S rd rr6\\d, Kal rov
viov aTreSei^e ry rr\i]9ei Kal (rvvecrrrjo'e BidBo^ov.

5 o Be fjid\ia-ra rrdvres eOav^acrav, ev rfj (nerjvfj
fjiovos SicXe^^?; TT^O? avrov, OVK eldi<TfJivo^ e^eiv
ovBe TT/OO? exelvov drroppi]rov^ K0ivo\oyias, aXXa

wv yvtefJLrj, elra rrpocrrdrrwv fyavepws Kal
ftov\evcrairo Ka& eavrov. \eyerat

yovv /JieipaKiov en ovra rov 'jrpiov avrov
7TV0eo-0ai, rrore jLe\\ovaLv dvaevvveiv rov Be

elrrelv 77/009 opyijv "'Aywvias /-IT) /JLOVOS cru

OVK

XXIX. Tore fievrot Kal cnjfjiela fJLOj^Orjpd Kare-
BovXovro rr)V yvco/n^v avrwv. &r)/jLijrpios fzev
ydp eBo^e Kara TOL/9 vrrvovs ' A\e%avBpov ooTrXtcr-
XayU,7roa>9 epwrdv orrolov n crvvdrjfjia BiBo-

68

DEMETRIUS, xxvm. 2 -xxix. i

combination and partnership at this time he said he
would scatter asunder with a single stone and a single
shout, as if they were a flock of granivorous birds.

He took the field with more than seventy thousand
infantry, ten thousand horse, and seventy-five
elephants ; while his adversaries had sixty-four
thousand infantry, five hundred more horse than
he x four hundred elephants, and a hundred and twenty
chariots. After he had drawn near them, the cast
of his expectations rather than of his purposes
underwent a change. For he was wont to be lofty
and boastful as he engaged in his conflicts, making
pompous speeches in a loud voice, and many times
also by the utterance of a casual jest or joke when
the enemy was close at hand he would show the
firmness of his own spirit and his contempt for
them ; but now he was observed to be thoughtful
and silent for the most part, and he presented his
son to the army and pronounced him his successor.
But what more than anything else astonished
everybody was his conversing alone in his tent with
his son, although it was not his custom to have
secret conferences even with him ; instead, he made
his own plans, followed his own counsels, and then
gave his orders openly. At all events, we are told
that Demetrius, when he was still a stripling, asked
his father when they were going to break camp ;
and that Antigonus replied in anger : " Art thou
in distress lest thou alone shouldst not hear the
trumpet? "

XXIX. At this time, moreover, bad omens also
subdued their spirits. For Demetrius dreamed that
Alexander, in brilliant array of armour, asked him
what watchword they were going to give for the

69

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

vat Tr/909 rrjv fjidx^v fJL\\ov<n,v avrov Be
(ravros, "Ata /cal NLKTJV" ""A7re/u TOIVVV
<f>dvai, " 7T/909 Tot/9 eVaimoi/9* eicelvoi yap
2 TrapaXauftdvovcriv" 'Avriyovos Be rrapararro-

Trecrelv oXw? eVl crroyua /cal

a^acrra? Se Kal ra? %et/3a? dvareivas
TT/JO? roy ovpavov yrrjcraro vi/ctjv Trapa TMV Oewv
rj Odvarov dvaicrOijTOV irpo TT)? ^TTT;?.
3 Yevo/JLevris Be TT}? jma^rj^ ev %e/3crl

TrXetcrTOL'9 al Karia-Tovs TWV

TO) eevKOv avveTTCcre, teal

TMV TToXefjiicov \a/LL7rpa)<> a^wvivdpsvos ev
Bico^ei <ro/3apa Kal (pt,\ori,jJLa) irapa Kaipov
Tr)v VIKT^V Sie<p6eipev. auro? /JLZV jap
OVK e'cr^e TraKiv dvacrTpe'^ras av/JL^l^ai TO 49

ev {JLeaw <yevo/j,evo)v, rrjv

Be (frdXayya yu/jLvyv iTTTrewv KaTiBovres ol Trepi

^eXev/cov OVK evefiaXov fjiev, 609 Be fjL/3a\ovvTs

ecfrofiovv Kal TrepirfK-avvov, /j,eTa/3d\\ea0ai Bi-

4 8o^r9 avTols' o Kal crvve^jj. TTO\V jap

iroppayev eKOVcria)^ /jL6T6%ci)pr)a-e Trpos

TO Be \OLTTOV erpaTrrj. (^epo^evwv Be TTO\\COV
rov 'Avriyovov Kal TIVO<$ rwv Trepi avrov

t o-e ovrot, ftacri\ev" " Tiva yap" elire,

efjiov CTKOTTOV e^ovcriv; d\\a
5 d(j)i^eTai {3or)Qa)v." Kal TOVTO

\7rict)v Kal ire pier KOTTWV rov vlbv daa TTO\\COV
70

DEMETRIUS, xxix. 1-5

battle; and when he replied, "Zeus and Victory,"
Alexander said : " Then I will go away and join
your adversaries ; they surely will receive me." x
Moreover, Antigonus, when his phalanx was already
forming and he was leaving his tent, stumbled and
fell prone upon his face, injuring himself severely ;
but he rose to his feet, and stretching out his hands
towards heaven prayed that the gods would grant
him victory, or a painless death before his defeat.

After the armies had engaged, 2 Demetrius, with
the largest and best part of the cavalry, clashed
with Antiochus, the son of Seleucus ; he fought
brilliantly and routed his enemy, but by pursuing
him too fiercely and eagerly he threw away the
victory. For he himself was not able to turn back
and rejoin his infantry, since the enemy's elephants
were thrown in his way ; and Seleucus, observing
that his opponents' phalanx was unprotected by
cavalry, took measures accordingly. He did not
actually charge upon them, but kept them in fear
of a charge by continually riding around them, thus
giving them an opportunity to come over to his
side. And this was what actually came to pass.
For a large body of them, detached from the rest,
came over to him of their own accord, and the rest
were routed. Then, as throngs of his enemies
bore down upon him and one of his followers said,
" They are making at thee, O King," " Who else,
pray," said Antigonus, " should be their mark ?
But Demetrius will come to my aid." This was his
hope to the last, and to the last he kept watching
eagerly for his son ; then a whole cloud of javelins

1 The watchword should have been "Alexander and
Victory."

2 Near the village of Ipsus, in Phrygia, 301 B.C.

71

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

eh avrov dfyeOevrwv eTrecre' Kal
rwv aXXwv drro\Lrrovr(DV orraBwv KOI <f)L\(0v
IJLOVOS 7rape/jLLi>e rw veKpw topaj; 6 AapLcrcraios.

XXX. Ovro) Be Kpideiffrjs rfjs /nd^s, ol
veviKrfKores (3acn\els rrjv VTT' 'Avriyovq*
AT; fiyr pico Tracrav dp^rjv axrTrep
/caraKOTTTOVTes ekdfjiftavov [AepiSas, real
veifjLavro ra? ejeew&v eirap^ia^ at? efyov
Trporepov. Ari/AtJTpios Be /aera

/cat TeraKicr"i\lwv 'nnrewv (evwv real

eXaVa? ei? "E^ecro^, olojJLevwv airavrwv
aTTOpovvra ^prj/adrcov CLVTOV OVK d^e^eorOai rov
2 lepov, c5o/3r;(9el? TOI)? err part GOT as /JLIJ TOVTO Trot?;- 902
v, dveaTr) Sia ra^ecov, teal rov TT\OVV 7rl
'EXAaSo? eTroieiro, TWV \oi7rcov \7TLSa)v ev
vaiois X WV T ^ ? JAeyi&Tas. Kal jap /cal
1 eKel Kal %yO?;/tara Kal yvvaLKa Arj'iSd/jieiav
/taraXeXoiTrco?, Kal fteftaiorepav OVK
KaracjjwyrjV elvai rot? 'Trpdy/jLaai TT}?
s* o9ev eVet <yevo^ev(o irepl
ra? Ku/cXa<5a9 avroo Trpecrfteis ' A0r)vai(i>v dTrrjv-

L TT}? TroXea)? TrapaKaXovvres,
rov 8^/xov fjiiyBeva Be^eadaL rf]
TroXet rwv ySacriXew^, TTJV Be ArjiBdaeiav els
Meyapa ee7re/ji"frav fjiera ri/jii}s Kal TTO/ATTT}? rrpe-
Trovarjs, rov KaOecrrrjKoros e^ecrrr] Bi opy^f av-
rov, Kairrep eV^o^co? paara rtji> a\\r)v arvyiav
Kal yeyovu>s ev roiavrrj jmerafioXfj Trpayfidrciyv ov
4 rajreivos ouS' dyevvtft. aXXa TO Trap* eXvrt'Sa
Bie\lsevcr8ai rwv 'AOrjvaicov Kal rrjv BoKovaav
evvoiav e\r)\y)0ai rots Trpdy/jLacri Kevijv Kal
7rerr\ao-/jiei>y]v ovcrav o^vvrjpov rjv avrw.

1 Kal vavs Ziegler, with all the MSS. but one : vavs.
72

DEMETRIUS, xxix. 5~xxx. 4

were let fly at him and lie fell. The rest of his
friends and attendants abandoned him, and one only
remained by his dead body, Thorax of Larissa.

XXX. The battle having been decided in this
manner, the victorious kings carved up the entire
domain which had been subject to Antigonus and
Demetrius, as if it had been a great carcass, and
took each his portion, adding thus to the provinces
which the victors already had, those of the van-
quished kings. But Demetrius, with five thousand
foot and four thousand horse, came in unbroken
flight to Ephesus. Here everybody thought that his
lack of resources would lead him to lay hands upon
the temple l ; but he, fearing lest his soldiers might
do this, departed speedily, and sailed for Greece,
putting his chief remaining hopes in Athens. For
he had left ships there, and moneys, and his wife
Deidameia, and he thought that in his evil plight
no refuge could be more secure than the goodwill
of Athens. Therefore when, as he drew near the
Cyclades islands, an embassy from Athens met him
with a request to keep away from the city, on the
ground that the people had passed a vote to admit
none of the kings, and informing him that Deidameia
had been sent to Megara with fitting escort and
honour, his wrath drove him beyond all proper
bounds, although he had borne his other misfortunes
very easily, and in so great a reversal of his situation
had shown himself neither mean-spirited nor ignoble.
But that the Athenians should disappoint his hopes
and play him false, and that their apparent good-
will should prove on trial to be false and empty,
was painful to him.

1 The rich temple of Artemis (Diana).

73

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

To <ydp fyavKoTcnov, o>9 eoiicev, evvoias
(BcLGiXevcn KOI BvvdcTTats TeK^piov e<TTiv vTrep-
/3o\rj TI/JLWV, 779 ev rfj Trpoaipecrei roov diToBiBov-
TGOV e^oucr?79 TO Ka\ov dfyaipel riiv TTLCTTLV o
(^o/So?- ra yap avra KCLI SeSiores ^rj(j)i^oi>raL KOL

5 (pl\OVVT<>. SlOTTCp 01 VOVV e%OZ^T? OVK 6t? CLV-

Spidvras ov$e rypcKfras ov&e airoOeuxreL^, a\Xa
fjia\\ov et? ra epja real ra? Trpa^ei? ra? eavrwv

rj TTicrTevovcriv, 009 Tipals, rj airi-
crTovcnv, a>9 avdyKaw a>9 oi

T/)a)9 Kal vTrepoj/co)^ KOI nap 3 aKovrwv \a/Ji/3d-

XXXI. 'O <yovv ArijLiiJTpios rare Beiva fj,
7rdcr%eiv, dSvvaros Se wv djjivvacrdai,

agi&v &e ra9 vav<$ a7roXa/3e^, eV at9 ^V Kal rj

Be

e/9 'IcrQfjiov, /cal TWV Tray/jLaTans avT<

(et;eTri7rTOv yap e/cacrra^o^ef al typovpal

Trdvra 7ro9 Toi/9

2 diro\LiTa)v eVl rr}9 'EXXaSo9 Hvppov avrb? apas
7rl rrjv Xeppovrjaov 67r\vae' Kal KaK&s

co^eXei Kal avvel^e Tr)V

vecrOai Trd\iv OVK evKaratypovrjrov. 6 Be Avcri-
VTTO TUV a\\d)v ftaaiXecov ^/-teXerro,

74

DEMETRIUS, xxx. 4 -xxxi. 2

And verily the least cogent proof, as it would
seem, of a people's goodwill towards a king or
potentate is an extravagant bestowal of honours ; for
the beauty of such honours lies in the purpose of
those who bestow them, and fear robs them of their
worth (for the same decrees may be passed out of
fear and out of affection). Therefore men of sense
look first of all at their own acts and achievements,
and then estimate the value of the statues, paintings,
or deifications offered to them, putting faith in these as
genuine honours, or refusing to do so on the ground
that they are compulsory ; since it is certainly true
that a people will often, in the very act of conferring
its honours, have most hatred for those who accept
such honours immoderately, ostentatiously, and from
unwilling givers.

XXXI. Be that as it may, in this case Demetrius
thought himself grievously wronged ; but since he
was unable to avenge himself, he sent a message to
the Athenians in which he mildly expostulated with
them, and asked that his ships be given back to him,
among which was also the one having thirteen banks
of oars. These he obtained, and then coasted along
to the Isthmus, where he found his affairs in a sorry
state. For his garrisons were everywhere being
expelled, and there was a general defection to his
enemies. He therefore left Pyrrhus in charge of
Greece, while he himself put to sea and sailed to the
Chersonesus. 1 Here he ravaged the territory of
Lysimachus, thereby enriching and holding together
his own forces, which were beginning to recover
their spirit and to show themselves formidable again.
Nor did the other kings try to help Lysimachus ;

1 The Thracian Chersonesus, the modern Gallipoli.

75

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

u SoKCt)i> elvai, ry $e JJLCL\\OV

cr%viv tea
3 Ou 7roXX&) e varepov 2eXeu/co? efivdro

T[epcriSo$ viov

* Kvr'ioyov, olofjievos Se ra Trpdy/j-ara /cat BiaBo-
apteelv irKeioai, KOI Seto'Oai T/)? TT/OO? exetvov
, eVet :afc Avdl/^a^ov eoopa TWV I!TO-
\ejJLaiov Qvyarepw r^v yuei> eavrq), TT/V $e
4 6oK\el TO) f/o) \a^avovra. A^/x^T/ota) 8'
evrv^ia KrjBeva-aL 2,\6VKW. teal
ava\a(3wv eVAet rat? vaval Trdaais
laVy rfi re a\\y jfj Trpoae^coi' dvajKaicos /cal

KiAj/aa? aTTTo/Aevos, r)v nXe/crTayo^o
a rrjv TT/OO? 'Avriyovov p.d^rfv e^aiperov
BoOelcrav VTTO TWV /3acrt\ea>zr rjv Se KacrdvSpov
5 nXet<TTa/o^O9 a8eX0o?. dSi/ceiaflai Se rr;^ x&pav
avrov vo P,L,(JL)V VTTO Arj/jirjTpiov Kara ra? a?ro/3a-
cret?, /fat fjie/^^aaOai /9ofXoyct^o? TOZ^ SeXef/co^
TO) KOLvS) Sia\\drreraL TroXe/itft) St^a raw

(3acn\ewv, dveftr) Trpos avrov.
XXXII. AiV^o/xe^o? Se TOVTO Arj/jLijTpios wp-
aTTO ^aXacrcrT/? eVt KfiVSw^' /cat TWZ^
evpu>v ert \onra ^L\La /cat SiaKocria
Tavra crvcrKevacrd/jLevos /cat <^0daa<$

teal 7rapov<Tr)<s

OtXa? TT}? <yvvaiKO<$ avrw Trepl 'Pcocrcrov djrrjv- 904
2 r?;cre SeXeu/co?. /cat T^ VTvt;iv evOvs aSoXoz/
/cat dvvTTOTTTOv fcal /3acri'\iKr)v CTTOIOVVTO, irpo-

76

DEMETRIUS, xxxi. 2 -xxxii. 2

they thought that he was no less objectionable than
Demetrius, and that because he had more power he
was even more to be feared.

Not long afterwards, however, Seleucus sent and
asked the hand of Stratonice, the daughter of
Demetrius and Phila, in marriage. He had already,
by Apama the Persian, a son Antiochus ; but he
thought that his realms would suffice for more
successors than one, and that he needed this alliance
with Demetrius, since he saw that Lysimachus also
was taking one of Ptolemy's daughters for himself,
and the other for Agathocles his son. Now, to
Demetrius, a marriage alliance with Seleucus was an
unexpected piece of good fortune. So he took his
daughter and sailed with his whole fleet to Syria.
He was obliged to touch at several places along the
coast, and made landings in Cilicia, which country
had been allotted by the kings to Pleistarchus, after
their battle with Antigonus, and was now held by
him. Pleistarchus was a brother of Cassander. He
thought his territories outraged by these descents of
Demetrius upon them, and besides, he wished to
upbraid Seleucus for making an alliance with the
common enemy independently of the other kings.
So he went up to see him.

XXXII. On learning of this, Demetrius set out
from the sea-coast for the city of Quinda ; and
finding twelve hundred talents of its treasure still
left, he packed them up, got them safely on board
ship, and put to sea with all speed. His wife
Phila was already with him, and at Rhosus he was
met by Seleucus. Their intercourse was at once put
on a royal footing, and knew neither guile nor

77

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

repov fjLev ZeXeivco? ecrriddas errl (TKyvfjs ev rw
crrparoTreBa) ^tj/jitjrptov, av0i$ Be ArjjjLiJTpios
eKelvov ev rfj rpiaKaiBeK^pei Be^dfjLevos. rjcrav Be
Kal o")(p\al Kal K0ivo\oylai KOI cr
d<ppovpa)v Kal dv6rr\a)v, a%pi ov

3 dveftrj. ArjjjuJTpicx; be tt/rtay /earecr^e, KCLI
<&i\av Tr]V >yvvaiKa TT^O? KdcravSpov eVe/ix^e TOV
d$6\(f)6v, d7roKvcrofjLvr]v ra? TLXetaTdp'^ov /carrj-
ryopias. ev Se TOVTW ^TjlBd/^eia TrXevcracra TT/JO?
avrov CLTTO TT}? 'EXXaSo? Kal a-uyyevo/^evr] %p6vov
ov TTO\VV e dppwcrrias TIVOS ereKevrrjcre. jevo-
fjLevvjs Se 7T/30? Hro\/j-alov Sia ^\ev/cov <f)i\ia<;
avra), wiM)\o<yr)6r} TlroXe/jLaiSa rrjv
Ovyarepa \a/3eiv avrov yvval/ca.

4 Kal ravra /mev darela TOV

Kiav Be d^iwv ^prj/uiara \af36vra TrapaSovvai
AT; yttT^T piov ', ft)? OVK eireiOe, ^iSwva /cal Tvpov
a'naiTWv TT/JO? opyrjv eSo/cei ftiatos elvai Kal Seiva
iroielv, el rrjv aif 'iirS&v a%pi TT)? Kara

arraaav v avrw

ecrriv en rrpay/^rcov Ka TTTW^O? a)? vrrep
Tr6\wv dvSpa Krjo'ecrrijv Kal /jLera/3o\fj
5 ri>xr)<; Kexp^l^vov e\avveiv, \a/j,7rpav ry TlXa-
rwvi /uaprvpiav SiSovs $iaK\evofj,evq) fj,rj rrjv
ovaiav TrXetw, rrjv Be arc\^ariav rroielv e\dcraa)
rov ye /3ov\6/xevov &>? d\rfOo)^ elvai rr\ovcnov, co?
o ye fjir) rravwv (f)i\o7r\ovri,av, ovros ovre
ovre drropias

78

DEMETRIUS, xxxn. 2-5

suspicion. First, Seleucus entertained Demetrius at
his tent in the camp, then Demetrius in his turn
received Seleucus on board the ship with thirteen
banks of oars. There were also amusements, Ion 2:

' O

conferences with one another and whole days spent
together, all without guards or arms ; until at length
Seleucus took Stratonice and went up in great state
to Antioch. But Demetrius took possession of Cilicia,
and sent Phila his wife to Cassander, who was her
brother, that she might bring to naught the de-
nunciations of Pleistarchus. In the meantime,
Deidameia came by sea from Greece to join Demetrius,
and after being with him a short time, succumbed to
some disease. Then, by the intervention of Seleucus,
friendship was made between Demetrius and Ptolemy,
and it was agreed that Demetrius should take to wife
Ptolemais the daughter of Ptolemy.

So far all was courtesy on the part of Seleucus.
But presently he asked Demetrius to cede Cilicia to
him for a sum of money, and when Demetrius would
not consent, angrily demanded Tyre and Sidon from
him. It seemed a violent and outrageous proceeding
that one who had possessed himself of the whole
domain from India to the Syrian sea should be so
needy still and so beggarly in spirit as for the sake
of two cities to harass a man who was his relative
by marriage and had suffered a reverse of fortune.
Moreover, he bore splendid testimony to the wisdom
of Plato 1 in urging the man who would be truly
rich, not to make his possessions greater, but his
inordinate desires fewer ; since he who puts no end
to his greed, this man is never rid of poverty and
want.

1 The passage cannot be determined.

79

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

XXXIII. Ov p,i]v vTreiTTri^e ArjfjUJTpios, a\\a
as ovB* dv /jLvpidfcis yTTijdf} /nd^as a'XXa? ev
co <ya/j,j3pov d'yairrjcreiv eirl /jaaOw 2.e\evKov,
ra? fjiev 7roXet9 exparvvaro fypovpals, avrbs 8e

v rvpavvelv, IJ\TTL^ pa&ia>s eTrityaveis \rj-
TTJV Trokiv. Kal TO JJLGV 7r\ayos acr^aXw?
jm6yd\(o crroXeo, Trapa Be TYJV 'Ar-
7rapa7r\ea)V c^ei/jidorO^ real ra? TrXetcrra?
rcov vewv, KOI crvvSiefpOdpi] TrX^^o? dv-

2 0poo7TCi)V OVK 6\iyov. auro? Be crwOels r^aro

/JLV TtZ^O? TToXe^OU 7T/)0? TOU? ' A0r]l>aLOV^, ft)-? S'

ovBev eirepatve, Tre/n^a^ VO.VTLKOV av0is dOpoL-
(jovTas auro? et? Tie\07r6i>vrjaoi> TraprfKOe Kai
M.ecrcrr)vrjv 7ro\,iopKi. Kal TTyOocryua^o/Aez'o? rot?
vevo'e, KaTa7re\riKov ^eXou9 et? TO
avrco Kal TO crTO/ia 5ta TT)? cnayovo^

3 e'/^Trecro^TO?. dva\r)fy0el<$ Be Kal vroXei? rivds

TrpocrayayofJievos TrdXtv ei? Tr/^ 'Ar-
eVe/9aXe,

e(f)0ipe rr^v %a)pav, Kal vavv TLva

e^ovcrav arov Ka eo-yovcrav rot9
eKpe/nacre TOV e/jiTropov Kal rov Kv^ep
ware rwv d\\wv dTrorpeTro/Aevwv Bid <f)6/3ov GVV-
TOVOV \IILOV ev dcrrei yeveaOai, TT/OO? Be T<W

a\\(t)V aTTOpiav. d\wv <yovv
rerrapaKovra Bpa%/j,wi>, 6 Be TWV irvp&tv
4 /zoSfo? w^fo? T;^ TpiaKOGiwv. /jiiKpdv Be TO??
' A6i]vaioi<; dvaTTVor]V Trapecr^ov eKarov irevrrj-
80

DEMETRIUS, xxxm. 1-4

XXXIII. Demetrius, however, was not cowed,
but declared that not even if he should lose ten
thousand battles like that at Ipsus would he consent
to pay for the privilege of having Seleucus as a
son-in-law. Then he strengthened his cities with
garrisons, while he himself, learning that Lachares
had usurped sovereign power over the Athenians
in consequence of their dissensions, thought to
appear upon the scene and make an easy capture
of the city. So he crossed the sea in safety with
a great fleet, 1 but as he was sailing along the coast
of Attica he encountered a storm in which most of
his ships were lost and a great number of men
perished with them. He himself, however, escaped
alive, and began a petty war against the Athenians.
But since he could accomplish nothing, he sent
men to collect another fleet for him, while he
himself passed on into Peloponnesus and laid siege
to Messene. Here, in an attack upon the walls,
he came near losing his life ; for a missile from a
catapult struck him in the face and passed through
his jaw into his mouth. But he recovered, and after
restoring to their allegiance certain cities which had
revolted from him, he invaded Attica again, got
Eleusis and Rhamnus into his power, and ravaged the
country. He also seized a ship laden with grain
for Athens, and hung its supercargo and its master.
All other ships were thus frightened into turning
back, and famine became acute in the city, where,
besides lack of food, there was dearth also of other
things. At any rate, a bushel of salt sold there for
forty drachmas, and a peck of wheat was worth three
hundred. A slight respite was afforded the Athenians

1 In 297 B.C.

81

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

rcovra vrje<; fyavelcrai Trepl Aijtvav, a? e
eTTt/covpovs aurot? IlToXe^ato?. etra

7ToXXa>I> JjLeV K Yl\07rOVV1]CrOV, TToXXcOP $ aTTO

KvTrpov vewv irapayevofjievwv, wcrre cruyUTracra?
aOpoLa6r]vai TpiaKO<Tias, etywyov apavres ol UTO-
\/jiaiov, KOI Aa%dprj<; 6 rvpavvos direSpa Trpoe-

^V 7TO\LV.

XXXIV. Ol 8e ' AOrivaloi, Kaiirep ^^(picrd-
OdvciTOv el f^v^crdeitj rt? elpijvvj? KOL 8ia\-
TT/oo? A^ya^T/QfO^, 6v0v<$ dvewryvvaav ra? 905

KCU TTyOeCT/Sei? GTT JJL7T Ol> ,

cni exeivov

2 5e TT}? aTro/ota?, eV 77 $va")(eprj)v iroXXtov
aovrwv \67erat rt Aral TOLOVTOV <yevecr6ai' Trarepa
KOI viov ev oLKi^/JLari icaO e^ea6 at, ra Ka0* eavrovs
a7T67^a)A:oTa9, etc 5e r^9 opo(pij^ JJLVV veicpov eKTre-
creiv, rou? Be, co? eZSoi^, avct7rr;S^cra^Ta? dfjL^tOTe-
pov<$ iaiJid~)(ecrOai irepl avrov. rore /cat TOI>
cf)i,\6cro(f)ov ^TTiicovpov icnopovari ^tLaOpe^rai TOU?

ffVVtjQeiS KVa/iLOVS 7T/00? dpl@fJLOV /X6T* CLVTO)V

Slave JJLO/A6VOV.

3 O#T&>? o5z^ T^? TTo'Xea)? e'^oucr^? elae\0(i)v o

/tal rc\evcras et'<? TO dearpov dOpoi-
Trdvras, 077X0*9 /aei' avvetypa^e rrjv (TK^vrfV
KOI Sopv(f>opoi<$ TO \oyelov irepieXafiev, auTO? ^e
/cara/Bas, wairep ol rpayaSoi, Sia rcov avw irapo-
Scov, eri p,d\\ov eK7re7r\r)yiieva)v TWV ' Adrjvaiwv
Tr]v dp'xrjv rov \6<yov vre/oa? eTTOitjaaro rov SeoL>?

4 ai)TWV. Kal yap TOVOV fywvrjs KCU
82

DEMETRIUS, xxxm. 4 -xxxiv. 4

by the appearance off Aegina of a hundred and
fifty ships which Ptolemy sent to assist them. Then
numerous ships came to Demetrius from Peloponnesus,
and many from Cyprus, so that his entire assemblage
numbered three hundred, in consequence of which
the ships of Ptolemy put off to sea in flight, and
Lachares the tyrant abandoned the city and ran
away.

XXXIV. Then the Athenians, although they had
decreed death to anyone who should so much as
mention peace and reconciliation with Demetrius,
straightway threw open the nearest gates and sent
ambassadors to him. They did not expect any
kindly treatment from him, but were driven to the
step by their destitution, in which, among many
other grievous things, the following also is said to
have occurred. A father and a son were sitting in a
room and had abandoned all hope. Then a dead
mouse fell from the ceiling, and the two, when they
saw it, sprang up and fought with one another for it.
At this time also, we are told, the philosopher
Epicurus sustained the lives of his associates with
beans, which he counted out and distributed among
them.

Such, then, was the plight of the city when
Demetrius made his entry and ordered all the people
to assemble in the theatre. He fenced the stage-
buildings round with armed men, and encompassed
the stage itself with his body-guards, while he himself,
like the tragic actors, came down into view through
one of the upper side-entrances. The Athenians
were more than ever frightened now ; but with the
first words that he uttered Demetrius put an end to
their fears. For avoiding all harshness of tone and

83

PLUTARCH'S LIVES

, e'Xa^pco? Be Kal
avrovs Biri\\d(T(TeTO, Kal BeKa uv