3L

UC-NRLF

GIFT OF

Pocket Lift of Birds

-OF-

EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

ALBERT P. MORSE

Curator of Natural Hiftory,

PEABODY MUSEUM,
SALEM, MASS,

oc
O

X

A POCKET LIST

Birds of Eastern Massachusetts

•A rill ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO

ESSEX COUNTY

ALBERT P. MORSE

Curator of Natural History, Peabody Museum, Salem; Curator of Zoology

Museum and Lecturer on Economic Entomology,

Wellesley College, Wellesley.

Author of "Annotated List of Birds of Wellesley and Vicinity,"

" New England Acridiidae," " Researches on

North American Acridiidae," etc.

• ••.••• • .•. •••

• • ••••••

• • • v • • •

" • Published

^o^Y lot Sfc»Afc.*.
*•*••• • • ••••>•" • •

• * •' 'SALEM, VA§S.

1912

Copyright by

Peabody Academy of Science
1912.

Pren of Newcomb & Gauss
Salem, Mass,

PREFACE.

This List of the Birds of Eastern Massachusetts has been
prepared at the request of the Museum Committee of the
Peabody Academy of Science with the intention of encour-
aging a legitimate popular interest in an exceedingly
attractive and economically valuable group of the local
fauna. Of the species mentioned in the List all but about
fifty have been recorded from Essex County and a very
large proportion of them are on exhibition in the Museum,
where they may be seen daily by everyone interested.

It is very much desired to obtain for the Museum as com-
plete a representation as possible of the native fauna and it
is hoped that all persons having an opportunity to secure
local examples of species not in its collection, will aid in
so doing. Records of species new to the Essex County fauna
or to the district treated in this List will also be welcomed
by the author.

239447

CONTENTS.

PREFACE.

INTRODUCTION.

LIST OF BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS.

INDEX.

SEASONAL CHARTS.

INTRODUCTION.

The purpose of this little work is to provide the bird-
student in eastern Massachusetts with a handy pocket
reminder of " what, when, and where" to seek. To this
end the booklet is made as compact as possible, with
sufficient blank space for brief notes, and follows the gen-
eral plan of a previous one by the same author (Annotated
List of Birds of Wellesley and vicinity) covering a much
smaller area.

Its field is all of Massachusetts east of the lowlands
along the Connecticut River, including Worcester county
and all that part of the State east there-of, the off-shore
islands and the coastal waters. It is prepared, however, with
particular reference to the local records and other features
of especial interest to residents, temporary or permanent,
of the county of Essex.

This is not the place for a detailed discussion of the
avifauna of the district as a whole or that of Essex county
in particular. For such, the student should consult Howe
and Allen's " Birds of Massachusetts" and Townsend's
" Birds of Essex County" respectively. A few brief state-
ments, however, are permissible.

As will be readily appreciated, the district as a whole is
by no means a homogeneous one. Three general subdi-
visions may be recognized: (1) the immediate sea-shore,
with its wealth of marine and coastwise 'water-birds; (2)
the main mass of the land area, lying in the lower transi-
tion life zone, its southern part showing distinct austral
tendencies; and (3) the highlands of Worcester county in
the northern and western part (Princeton, Winchendon,
etc.), culminating in Mt. Wachusett (2018 feet), and char-

O INTRODUCTION

acterized by a distinctly more boreal facies. This boreal
element is also found in the cold bogs and swamps of the
lower levels to the eastward.

Placed as it is on the shore of the North Atlantic Ocean,
with the long arm of Cape Cod and the neighboring islands
reaching far out into the sea, an exceptional number of
sea and shore birds might confidently be expected; while
the mainland part of the district, lying adjacent to the
coast, naturally becomes an important migration route for
the land birds. The sea also acts as a barrier to limit the
eastward flight of wanderers from the West, South and
North. These facts, combined with the populous charac-
ter of the district, which probably contains a larger num-
ber of people interested in bird life, either as sportsmen,
students, or nature-lovers, than any district of equal size
in the country in proportion its population, naturally
result in a a very full and general knowledge of the native
bird life of the district, and the speedy detection of wan-
derers whenever they appear.

Essex County, with its coastal waters, shares the charac-
teristics of the district as a whole in a marked degree,
though lacking any elevation of special note. The county
is of particular interest ornithologically for being the scene
of ]the discovery of the Ipswich Sparrow, a bird with
exceptionally interesting geographical distribution. The
county also forms apparently the northeastern limit of the
breeding range of several species, e. g., the Long-billed
Marsh Wren, Orchard Oriole, and Yellow-breasted Chat.
For a full treatment of the ornithological features of the
county, the reader should consult the work previously
cited.

The List contains 390 species and subspecies. Of these
three are probably or certainly extinct; several more are
extirpated; three are believed to be hybrids; five or six
are known or believed to have been introduced; of about

INTRODUCTION 7

375 remaining, 165 are popularly distinguished as water-
birds and 210 are land-birds. Of these, 29 water-birds and
37 land-birds are accidental wanderers from various points
of the compass, chiefly from the West and South; 30 more
are of decided rarity, leaving about 280 species of some-
what regular occurrence, of which about three-sevenths are
water-birds, a relatively large proportion due to the coast-
wise situation.

For the convenience and better information of the user
of the list, the extinct and extirpated species, hybrids or
problematical forms, and introduced species which now
form an integral part of our avifauna, have been inserted
in their systematic places, as nearly as possible.

The sequence of species is that of the checklist of the
American Ornithologists' Union, 3rd edition, revised, pub-
lished in 1910. Under each species is given the checklist
number, for easy reference; one or more vernacular names,
that standing first being the one adopted by the A. O. U.;
the scientific name as given in the checklist, accented for
the benefit of those whose memory is short or classical
training imperfect; notes relating to numerical abundance
and seasonal distribution— whether resident, migrant, or
otherwise; the dates between which the species has been
observed here; its preferred haunts; and the location of the
nest and time when eggs have been found, if it breeds.

These data have been compiled from a variety of pub-
lished sources and from considerable personal observation
in many parts of the territory covered. The dates of arriv-
al and departure are in the main those given for the State
by Dr. G. M. Allen in his New England list published by
the Boston Society of Natural History in 1910. These
have been modified, however, in numerous instances, with
reference to the eastern part of the State, from other
sources, notably Mr. William Brewster's " Birds of the Cam-
bridge Region" and Dr. C. W. Townsend's 4< Birds of Essex
County," and from personal and other memoranda.

8 INTRODUCTION

In explanation of the typography used in connection
with the dates it may be well to state that extreme or
unusual dates are commonly cut off from the usual by
parentheses. Thus " May 5) 10 - 25 (June 3; Aug. 26) Sept.
10 - Oct. 11 (Nov. 3" indicates that while the species usually
appears about May 10 in the spring and Sept. 10 in the
fall, and disappears by May 25 and Oct. 11, yet individuals
have been observed as early as May 5 and Aug. 26, and as
late as June 3 and Nov. 3.

The seasonal chart is based on the dates given in the
text. To find out what birds may be expected to occur at
a given time take the vertical line at the approximate date
desired and follow it downward; it will cross the seasonal
distribution lines of all species likely to be found here at
that time. A dotted seasonal line indicates marked irreg-
ularity or uncertainty of occurrence ; a continuous one,
strong probability or certainty. It should be borne in
mind that the dates given are for the entire eastern part of
the State. As a rule, dates of arrival during the north-
ward movement will be somewhat (2-5 days) later in the
northern part of the district (e. g., Essex Co.) than in the
southern, and vice versa. In the southward movement,
more variability may be expected in dates both of arrival
and departure, but especially the latter.

Acknowledgment has already been made at the proper
places of indebtedness to certain sources of published
information : to these should be added the files of the
u Auk." In addition I wish to express my obligations to
Dr. C. W. Townsend for several notes and records secured
since the publication of his *' Birds of Essex County"
(accredited to C. W. T. in list); to Mr. H. C. Farwell of
Salem for his notes on the Egret at Newbury in 1911 ; and
to Mr. C. R. Lamb for his exceptionally early record of
the Shoveler. Above all, my thanks are due to Dr. G. M.
Allen for his numerous helpful suggestions and for reading
the manuscript.

INTRODUCTION 9

A word may not be amiss relative to the frontispiece,
from a photograph of Egg Rock, taken from the Nahant
shore. This rocky islet is of ornithological interest, like
many others off our shores, doubtless having acquired its
name from being the nesting-site of several species of terns
or " Mackerel Gulls." The picture also shows well the
rugged character of much of the " North Shore."

LIST or BIRDS

OF
EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS.

M.— Migrant; R.— Resident; V.— Visitor; S. R.— Summer Resident;
W. R.— Winter Resident; etc.

* not recorded from Essex Co. ; t extinct species ; f] introduced spe-
cies.

COLYMBIDJE. GREBES.

2. Holboell's Grebe; Red-Necked Grebe— Col-
ymbus holbcelii (Reinhardt). Uncommon M. and W. R.
coastwise; rare inland. (Sept.) Oct. 10 - May 24. Rivers and
lakes, but especially along the seaboard.

3. Horned Grebe ; "Devil-diver;" "Hell-diver"
— Colymbus auritus Linne. Common W. R. coastwise,
near rocky shores; scarce M. inland. Oct. 1 -May 6.

6. Pied-billed Grebe ; " Dipper "—Podilymbus
podiceps (Linne). Migrant, rare in spring, common in au-
tumn; rare and local S. R.; accidental in winter. (Feb.)
Mar. 1 - Dec. 10. Fresh water — rivers, ponds and swamps.
Nest of water-soaked vegetation in sjiallow water, some-
times floating. Eggs, April 23 - June 28.

GAVIID^E. LOONS.

7, JLoon ; Great Northern Diver— Gavia immer
(Briinnich). Common M. and W. R. coastwise; a few non-
breeding birds pass the summer. Scarce M. ; formerly and
possibly still a local S. R. inland. Sept. 1 - June 5. Sea-
coast and fresh water lakes. Nest on shore of lake.

9. Black-throated Loon — Gavia drctica (Linne*).
Very rare W. V. from North; doubtfully recorded.

1 1. Red- throated Loon ; Red-throated Diver ;
" Scape- grace"— Gavia stelldta (Pontoppidan). Common
fall M. and W. R.; uncommon in spring; casual in summer.
Aug. 27 - April 8 (July 2. Salt water mainly, rarely on lakes.

12 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

ALGID AE. AUKS, MURBES, AND PUFFINS.

13. Puffin; "Sea Parrot;" "Paroqueet"— Fra

tercula drctic.a arctica (Linne). Uncommon W. V. off rock;
eastern shores. Oct. 16 - Mar.

27. Black Guillemot; " Sea -Pigeon"— Cepp hu,
grylle (Linne*). Uncommon W. V. off eastern coast, rareb
south to Woods Hole. Sept.-April 19 (May). Not uncom
mon off rocky shores of Cape Ann and Nahant.

*3O. Murre ; Guillemot— Uria troille troille (Linne)
Very rare W. V. off eastern coast.

31. Briinnich's Murre; Murre; Ice-bird— Uri(
lomvia (Linne). Uncommon W. V. -coastwise; occasiona
inland. Nov. 21 - March 15 (April 15). Not uncommon of
rocky headlands of Essex Co.

32. Razor-billed Auk ; " Tinker ;" " Ice-bird '
— Alca torda Linne. Scarce and irregular W. V. coast
wise. Nov. 22 - Feb. 11 (April 15).

t33. Great Auk ; Gare-fowl — Plautus impenni
(Linne). Extinct; formerly a common W. V. coastwise
Its bones have been found in the shell-heaps at Ipswich.

34. Dovekie ; Little Auk ; Sea Dove— Alle all
(Linne). Common W. V. off-shore; sometimes plentiful 01
the coast, casual inland. (Sept.) Nov. 4 - May 1.

STEBCOBABIID^E. SKUAS AND JAEGERS.

*35. Skua ; •« Sea-lien"— M&galestris skua (Briinnich.
Rare V. off shore; casual on Georges Bank and Nantucke
Shoals. July -Oct.

3O. Pornarine Jaeger — Stercordrius pomarinu
(Temminck). Scarce M. May; July 5 - Sept. 28. Coast
wise waters and estuaries.

37. Parasitic Jaeger; " Marlinspike ;" "Sea
hen ;" Robber Gtull—Stercorarius parasiticus (Linne)
Scarce M. and S. V. coastwise; rare in winter. May 31
Oct. 14 (Jan., Feb.). t; Common M." in Essex Co.

38. Long-tailed Jaeger— Stercorarius longicaudu
Vieillot. Rare M. Spring; Aug. 24- Sept. 29.

LABID.E. GULLS AND TEBNS.

*39. Ivory GrUll—Pagophila alba (Gunnerus). Acci
dental W. V. off-shore. Monomoy Id., Dec. 1.
4O. Kittiwake; " Pinny Owl;" •« Winter Gull.'

triddctyta tridactyla (Linne). Common fall M. am

14 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

W. R. off -shore; frequent along shore; casual inland. Sept.
6 -Mar. 10.

42. Glaucous Guil; Burgomaster — Ldrus hyper-
boreus Gunnerus. Rare W. V. coastwise. Nov. 29 - April
23 (Jan. 7 - May 26, Ipswich).

43. Iceland Gull— Larus leucopterus Faber. Rare
W. V. coastwise. Nov. 4 - April 17.

45. Kumlien's Gull— Larus kumlieni Brewster. Rare
W. V. coastwise. Oct. 27 -Mar. 13. Plum Id., Swamp-
scott, Boston, Plymouth.

47. Great Black-backed Gull ; " Saddle-back."
Larus marinus Linne". Common W. R. coastwise ; a few
pass the summer. Late Aug. - May 1 (summer). Common
along the coast and in adjacent inland waters.

51. Herring Gull ; " Gray Gull."— Larus argentd-
tus Pontoppidan. Abundant M. and W. R. coastwise; less
numerous in summer. A useful scavenger of the harbors
of the coast and adjacent inland waters.

54. Ring-billed Gull— Larus delawarensis Ord. Not
uncommon M. coastwise; casual inland. Spring; July 17 -
Oct. 30; probably in winter.

58. laughing Gull— Larus atricilla Linne. Rare V.
or M. in Essex Co. (a breeding colony in Maine); scarce
S. R. south of Cape Cod (Muskeget Id.) May 7- Oct. (Nov.
Eggs, June 7 - July 10.

6O. Bonaparte's Gull — Larus Philadelphia (Ord).
Common M. and rare W. R. coastwise; casual on inland
waters. Mar. 10- June 3; July 24 - Nov. 25; winter.

*62. Sabine's Gull ; Fork- tailed Gull— Xema sdbi-
ni (J. Sabine). Casual coastwise M. Aug. - Sept.

63. Gull-billed Tern ; Marsh Tern— Gelochelidon
nilotica (Linne). Accidental from South. One instance:
Ipswich, Sept.

64. Caspian Tern— Sterna cdspia Pallas. Rare spring
and not uncommon fall M. coastwise. Early May; Aug. 8 -
Sept. 26.

65. Royal Tern— Sterna maxima Boddaert. Acci-
dental V. coastwise from South. July; Ipswich, Chatham,
Nantucket.

*67, Cabot's Tern— Sterna sandvicensis acufldoida
(Cabot). Accidental from South. Aug., Oct. Chatham;
Monomoy Id.

69. Forster's Tern— Sterna forsteri Nuttall. Very
rare fall M. from West. Aug. -Oct. 2.

16 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

70. Common Tern ; " Wilson's Tern ;" " Mack-
erel Gull" — Sterna hirundo Linne. Abundant M. and lo-
cally common S. R. coastwise; casual inland; accidental in
winter (Woods Hole, Jan., Feb.). May 1 - Oct. 30 (winter).
Breeds on Milk Id., off Cape Ann.

71. Arctic Tern — Sterna paradiscea Briinnich. Un-
common local S. R. coastwise (Muskeget Id.); casual in-
land. May- Oct. In Essex Co. an uncommon M., former-
ly S. R. at Ipswich dunes and Beverly harbor. Nest on
ground.

72. Roseate Tern— Sterna dougalli Montagu. Lo-
cally common S. R. coastwise in southern Mass. May 1-
Oct. 4. In Essex Co. now a rare migrant (to Sable Id.),
formerly S. R. on islets at Beverly and Nahant. Nest on
ground. Eggs, May 20 - July 30.

74. Least Tern — Sterna antilldrum (Lesson). Un-
common S. R. coastwise from Cape Cod south; casual else-
where. Formerly bred at Ipswich. April 27) May 4 -Oct.
Nest on ground. Eggs, May 31 - June 29.

75. Sooty Tern— Sterna fuscdta Linne. Accidental
from South. Lawrence, Oct. 29; Chatham, Sept.

77. Black Tern — Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis
(Grmelin). Rare spring and not uncommon fall coastwise
V. from West; casual inland. June 7- 10; (July 11) Aug.
8 - Sept. 26.

RYNCHOPIDJE. SKIMMERS. •

*8O. Black Skimmer— Rynchops nigra Linne*. Oc-
casional S. V. from South coastwise; casual inland. July
16 -Aug. 19.

PROCELLARIID^E. FULMARS, SHEARWATERS, AND PETRELS.

*86. Fulmar ; Noddy — Fulmdrus glacidlis glacialis
(Linne). Rare fall and W. V. from North off-shore. Georges
Bank. Oct. 28 - winter.

*88. Cory's Shearwater— Puffinus boredlis Cory.
Uncommon S. and fall V. off-shore. Aug. 2 - Nov.

89. Greater Shearwater; Hag; Hagdon— Puf-
finus grdvis (O'Reilly). Common S. V. off the coast; casual
inland. May 26 - Nov.

95. Sooty Shearwater; Black Hag" — Puffinus
griseus (Gmelin). Not uncommon summer and fall V. from
Southern Hemisphere off-shore. (Mar.) July -Oct.

18 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

1O6. Leach's Petrel ; Mother Carey's Chicken

—Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot). Common M. off-shore;
occasional inland on lakes in fall. (Breeds on Maine coast.)
June 21; Sept. 1 - Nov. 25.
1O9. Wilson's Petrel ; Mother Carey's Chicken

—Oceanites ocednicus (Kuhl). Common S. V. off-shore
from Southern Hemisphere. June 17 - Sept. 23. Rarely
approaches land. (Breeds on Antarctic islands.)

SULID^E. GANNETS.

*115. Booby; Booby Gannet— Sula leucogdstra
(Boddaert). Accidental from South. Cape Cod. Sept.

117. Gannet ; Solan Goose— Sula bassdna (Linne).
Common M. coastwise, especially in fall. Mar. 26 - June 7;
Aug. 3 - Dec. 21.

PHALACROCORACID^E. CORMORANTS.

119. Cormorant ; Shag1 — Phalacrocorax cdrbo (Lin-
ne"). Uncommon M. and rare W. R. coastwise. April -
May 14; Sept. 22- Nov. (winter). Salt water mainly.

120. Double-crested Cormorant— Phalacrocorax
auritus auritus (Lesson). Common M. coastwise, casual in-
land. April 4 - June 18 (July 7; Aug. 22 - Nov. 24.

PELECANID^E. PELICANS.

125. White Pelican— Pelecdnus evythrorhynchos
Gmelin. Accidental from South. May; Oct. Gloucester,
N. Scituate, Sandwich.

*126. Brown Pelican— Pelecanus occidentdlis~Liun£.
Accidental from South, coastwise. Nantucket, about 1867
(Ipswich?).

FREGATID^E. FRIGATE-BIRDS.

*128. Man-o'- war-bird; Frigate-bird— Fregdta
dquila (Linne). Accidental from South, coastwise. Autumn.

ANATID^E. DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS.

129. Merganser; Goosander; Pond Shel-
drake— Mergus americdnus Cassin. Not uncommon M. and
frequent W. R. ; most plentiful in spring. Oct. 12 • May
(summer). Frequents especially the freshwater lakes and
larger streams but is also found in small numbers at river-
mouths along-shore in salt water.

20 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

130. Red -breasted Merganser — Mergus serrdtor
Linne. Abundant M. and common W. K. coastwise; casual
inland; a few spend the summer off-shore. Sept. 23) Oct.
7- Dec.; winter; Mar. -May 1 (20; summer. Chiefly in salt
water.

131. Hooded Merganser — Lophodytes cuculldtus
(Linne*). Scarce M. Mar. 18 - April 18; Aug. 11) Oct. 7-
Nov. 30 (Dec. 22. Fresh water mainly, often in small
streams. Said to be decreasing in numbers.

132. Mallard— Anas platyhyrnchos Linne*. In Essex
Co. an uncommon and irregular M. and rare W. R. ; more
common in southeastern part of the State. Mar. - May 1 ;
Sept. 22 - Dec. (Jan.). Rivers, ponds, and sea-coast.

133. Black Duck; Dusky Duck— ^.nas rubripes
Brewster. Common, sometimes abundant, M. and W. R.
coastwise; common but local S. R. inland. Breeds in Essex
Co. Nest on ground in grassy marshes. Eggs, April 19 -
May. Frequents both salt and fresh water; in spring and
summer the salt marshes at night, fresh marshes by day;
in winter often roosts upon the sea-beach.

135. Gadwall; Gray Duck— Chauleldsmus streperus
(Linne*). Rare M. [Mar. -May] Oct. 2 -Nov. 1. Fresh and
salt waters.

136. European Widgeon— Mareca penelope (Lin-
ne"). Accidental from Europe. Several records for the
State. Oct. ; Dec.

137. Baldpate ; American Widgeon — Mareca
americdna (Gmelin). Uncommon M. and rare W. R. Mar.
22 - April 7; Sept, 6 - Dec. 2 (winter). Salt and fresh water,
especially ponds.

*138. European Teal— Nettion crecca (Linne'). Ac-
cidental from Europe. Feb., Mar. [April, Me.; Nov.,
Conn.]. Fresh water marshes.

139. Green-winged Teal— Nettion carolinense
(Gmelin). Uncommon spring and rare fall M. ; accidental
in winter. April 4 -23; Sept. 6 - Dec. 13. Fresh and salt
water.

140. Blue- winged Teal— Querquedula discors (Lin-
ne"). Rare spring and common fall M. April 11 - May 31
(June); Aug. 16 -Nov. 26. Fresh and salt water, especially
smaller ponds and mud-holes.

142. Shoveller ; Spoonbill — Spatula clypedta
(LinnS). Rare M. Spring ; Sept. 4) 16 - Nov. 7. Fresh and
salt water. Newbury, Sept. 4, 1908, C. R. Lamb.

22 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

143. Pintail; •' Sprigtail ; " "Gray Duck"—

Ddfila acuta (Linne). Uncommon M., rare in spring. Feb.)
Mar. 8 - April 3; Sept. 11 - Dec. 21. Fresh and salt water.

144. Wood Duck ; Summer Duck — Aix sponsa
(Linne). Uncommon M. and rare S. R., accidental in
winter. Diminishing in numbers. Mar. 10) 20 - April
30; summer; Sept. 15 - Nov. 18 (winter). Freshwater
streams and ponds. Nest in hollow tree, rarely on ground.
Eggs, April 23 - May 10.

146. Redhead. Marila americdna (Eyton). Rare
M., more frequent in autumn; and rare W. R. on south
coast, apparently increasing in numbers. Mar. 6- April 8;
Oct. 4- Dec. 21 (winter). Fresh and salt water.

147. Canvas-back— Marila valisineria (Wilson). Rare
M. ; common and increasing in numbers at Marthas Vine-
yard. Mar. 11-31; Oct. 19 - Dec. 18 (Jan.). Fresh and salt
water, but especially in ponds containing wild celery (Val-
lisneria.)

148. Scaup Duck; Greater Scaup; " Blue-
bill ;" " Widgeon"— Marila marila (Linne). Rare spring
and common fall M.; local W. R. Mar. 27 - May 1; Sept.
18 - Dec. 26; winter. Fresh and salt water.

149. Lesser Scaup Duck ; " Little Bluebill."
Marila affinis (Eyton). Rare spring and common fall M.;
rare W. R. on south coast. Mar. 2 - April 14 (May); Oct.
8 - Dec. 6 (winter). Salt and fresh water, the latter more
frequently.

150. Ring-necked Duck— Marila colldris (Dono-
van). Rare M. Mar. -April; Oct. 4- Nov. 30. There are
now several records for Essex Co. Fresh and salt water,

151. Golden-eye ; Whistler— Cldngula clangula
americdna Bonaparte. Common M. and W. R., chiefly
coastwise. Oct. 8 -May 1 (summer). Fresh and salt
water; often in rivers and creeks of salt marshes by day,
going out to sea at night.

152. Barrow's Golden-eye— Clangula isldndica
(Gmelin). Rare W. V. coastwise. Dec. 7 -Feb. 22.

153. Buffle-head ; " Dipper"— Charitonetta albeola
(Linns'). Uncommon M. and rare W. R. Mar. 11 -April
8; Oct. 9- Dec. 23 (winter). Fresh and salt water.

1 54. Old-Squaw ; Long-tailed Duck ; Old Wife
— Harelda hyemdlis (Linne*). Common, often abundant M.
and W. R., rare inland. Oct. 10- May 22 (June 17). Salt
and fresh water.

24 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

155. Harlequin Duck; Lord-and-L<ady— His-
trionicus histrionicus (Linne*). Rare W. V. coastwise; casual
inland. Nov. 1 - Jan. Salt and fresh water.

t!56. Labrador Duck — Camptorhynchus labrado-
rius (Gmelin). Extinct. Last taken at Swampscott, Sept.,
1862. Formerly a common W. V. coastwise. Several
specimens are recorded from Essex Co.

*159. Northern Eider ; Greenland Eider— Som-
ateria mollissima boredlis (Brehm). Very rare W. V. coast-
wise. Late Oct. - April.

16O. Eider ; American Eider ; Sea Duck ;
"Canvas-back" — Somateria dresseri Sharpe. Uncom-
mon M. and W. R. coastwise, decreasing in numbers. Nov.
5 - April 19. Salt water. A flock is said to be found every
winter off Milk Id. at the end of Cape Ann.

162. King Eider— Somateria spectdbilis (Linne).
Rare W. V. coastwise. Oct. 21 - April 5.

163. Scoter ; American Scoter ; Black Scoter ;
Black Coot — Oidemia americdna Swainson. Common, at
times abundant, M. and W. R. coastwise; scarce inland;
a few off-shore in summer. Sept. 8- May 24 (summer). Salt
water mainly.

165. White-winged Scoter ; White-winged
Coot — Oidemia degldndi Bonaparte. Common M. and W.R.
mainly coastwise ; a few in summer off-shore. Sept. 6 - May

25 (summer).

166. Surf Scoter ; " Skunk Bird ;" Gray Coot
— Oidemia perspicilldta (Linne"). Common, often abundant
M., and common W. R. coastwise; a few in summer off-
shore. Sept. 4- May 9 (summer). Salt and fresh water,
rare inland.

167. .Ruddy I>uck — Erismatura jamaicensis
(Gmelin) Common M., very rare S. R. (Cape Cod). Mar.
20-(summer). Sept. 30 - Dec. (Jan.). Chiefly on deeper
fresh-water ponds.

*168. Masked Duck— Nomonyx dominions (Linne).
Accidental from West Indies. Maiden, Aug. 22, 1889.

169. Snow Goose ; Lesser Snow Goose— Chen
hyperboreus hyperboreus (Pallas). Rare M. April 13, Oct.
15, Nov. 21. Salt and fresh water.

*169a. Greater Snow Goose. Chen hyperboreus
nivdlis (J. R. Forster). Accidental V. in spring and fall.
[? Flock of 30 at Framingham, Nov. 19, 1909 - Auk, Jan.
1910.]

26 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

17O. Blue Goose— Chen ccerulescens (Linne"). Rare
fall M. West Gloucester, Oct. 20, 1876.x

1 7 la. White-fronted Goose— Anser dlbifrons gam-
beli Hartlaub. Accidental M. from West. Ipswich, Aug.
1907; Plymouth, Nov. 26.

172, Canada Goose ; Wild Goose— Brdnta cana-
densis canadensis (Linne*). Common M.; possibly W. R. on
south coast. Mar. 8- June 5; Sept. 21 -Dec. 30 (Jan.).
Fresh and salt water.

*172a. Hutchins's Goose— Brdnta canadensis
hutchinsi (Richardson). Probably occurs as a rare M.

173a. Brant; White-bellied Brant; Blue
Brant — Branta bernicla glaucogdstra (Brehm.) Common
M. coastwise, casual inland; scarce W. R. on south coast.
Very irregular in abundance in Essex Co. Mar. 12 - May
17; Sept. 12 -Dec. 12 (winter).

*174. Black Brant — Branta nigricans (Lawrence).
Accidental from West. Chatham. Spring.

*175. Barnacle Goose— Branta leucopsis (Bech-
stein). Accidental from North. Nov.

18O. Whistling Swan— Olor columbidnus (Ord).
Rare M. ; occasional W. R. at Nantucket. Oct. 16 - Dec. 27
(winter -Mar. 4).

*181. Trumpeter Swan — Olor buccinator (Richard-
son). Probably occurred formerly as a rare M.

IBIDID^E. IBISES.

186. Glossy Ibis— Plegadis autumndlis (Linne"). Ac-
cidental from South. May [Oct.], Marshes, shores of
ponds, etc.

CICONIID^E. STORKS AND WOOD IBISES.

*188. Wood Ibis — Mycteria americdna Linne. Ac-
cidental from South. Seekonk, July 17, 1896. ? George-
town, June 19, 1880. Swamps and marshes.

ARDEID^E. HERONS, BITTERNS, ETC.

19O. Bittern ; American Bittern ; Stake-
driver — Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu). Common M.
andS. R., Mar. 81 - Nov. 26 (Dec., Jan.). Marshes, both
salt and fresh, shores of ponds and streams, and open
sedgy meadows. Nest on ground, in swamps. Eggs, May
5- June 10.

28 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

191. L<east Bittern— Ixobrychus exilis (Gmelin).
Rare and local S. R., chiefly near coast, Several records
for Essex Co. April 15 - Sept. 1. Fresh marshes and
swamps. Nest among rushes or in bushes. Eggs, June
1-29.

194. Great Blue Heron ; " Crane" — Ardea hero-
dias herodias Linne*. Common M. ; rare in sum mer and
winter. Formerly bred. Mar. 15 - June 4; (summer);
July 30- Dec. 20 (winter). Borders of streams and ponds.

196. Egret ; American Egret— Herodias egretta
(Gmelin). Occasional summer and fall V. from South.
April - Nov. 22. A notable flight occurred in 1911. Sev-
eral additional records for Essex Co. — C. W. T. Eastham,
Plymouth, Marshfield. H. C. Farwell reports pair seen at
Newbury July 25 and 28; later, Aug. 1, one seen in company
with Blue Herons, and Aug. 27, one caused great commotion
in colony of Black-crowned Night Herons in Rowley, be-
ing probably one of pair first seen, deprived of its mate, and
seeking to fraternize with relatives.

*197. Snowy Egret ; Snowy Heron— Egretta can-
didissima candidissima (Gmelin). Accidental from South.
Swamps and lowlands.

200. Little Blue Tier on— Florida ccerulea (Linne*).
Very rare wanderer from South. April 14 - Aug.

201. Green Heron ; Little Green Heron— Bu-
torides virescens virescens (Linne). Common S. R. April
9) 26 -Oct. 16. Edges of freshwater streams and ponds.
Nest in small tree. Eggs, May 10 - June 2.

202. Black-crowned Night Heron; Quawk —
Nycticorax nycticorax ncevius (Boddaert). Common M. and
local 8. R.; rare W. R. near coast. Mar. 27 - Nov. 1 (win-
ter). Swamps, marshes, meadows. Nest of twigs in tree,
in colonies. Eggs, May 2 - June 13. At least one colony
of considerable size in Essex Co.

203. Yellow-crowned Night Heron— Nyctandssa
violdcea (Linne*). Accidental from South [April, Me., R. I.]
July - Oct. Swamps and marshes.

GRUID^E. CRANES.

*2O4. Whooping Crane — Grus americdna (Linne*).
Extirpated. Probably a migrant in colonial times. Fresh-
water marshes and open lowlands.

*2O6. Sandhill Crane— Grus mexicdna (Miiller).
Extirpated. Formerly a Migrant.

30 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

RALLID^E. RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS.

2O8. King Bail ; Fresh-marsh Hen— Rallus ele-
gans Audubon. Occasional V. Possibly breeds. May oc-
cur at any season on south shore. Fresh-water marshes.
Nest on ground.

211. Clapper Kail; Salt-marsh Hen— Rallus
crepitans Gmelin. Occasional V. May breed. Ipswich,
Oct. 20, 1910. Three records for Essex Co.— C. W. T. Salt-
water marshes. Nest on ground.

212. Virginia Kail ; Water Hen— Rallus mrgini-
dnus Linne*. Common S. R., especially near coast; rare in
winter. April 11) 20- Sept. 25 (Nov. 27. Jan. Fresh and
brackish marshes. Nest on ground. Eggs, May 12- June 1.

214. Sora ; Carolina Rail ; Meadow-Hen— Por-
zdna Carolina (Linne*). Common M. and local S. R. Mar.
20) April 14 - Nov. 1 (Dec. 20. Fresh and brackish marshes.
Nest on ground. Eggs, June 9 - 11.

215. Yellow Rail — Coturnicops noveboracensis
(Gmelin). Rare M. and possible S. R. April -May 26;
Sept. 2 - Oct. 22. Fresh- water marshes. Nest on ground.

*216. Black Rail; Little Black Rail— Or eciscus
jamaicensis (Gmelin). Very rare V. and in southeast part
a rare S. R. May 16 -Sept. 20. Fresh-water marshes. Nest
on ground. Eggs, May.

218. Purple G-allinule — lonornis martinicus (Lin-
ne"). Casual from South. April (June). Oct. - Nov. Fresh-
water marshes .

219. Florida Gallinule— Gallinula galedta (Lich-
tenstein). Rare and local S. R. chiefly near coast. April
29 - Oct. 25 (Nov. 9. Fresh-water marshes. Nest among
rushes near ground. Eggs, June 5 -July 17.

221. Coot; American Coot; Mud-hen — Fulica
americdna Gmelin. Rare spring and uncommon fall M..
rare in W. near coast. Mar. 29 -April 25; (June, Aug.)
Sept. 3 - Nov. (winter). Fresh-water marshes and ponds;
Nest among reeds.

PHALABOPODID^E. PHALABOPES.

222. Red Phalarope— Phaldropus fulicdrius (Lin-
ne"). Migrant off-shore, sometimes common; rare and ir-
regular V. landward in stress of weather. May 1-26; Aug.
31 - Nov. 24. Chiefly swimming or flying off the coast.

32 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

223. Northern Phalarope— Lobipes lobdtus (Lin-
ne). Common M. off the coast, not infrequently driven to
shore by storms; rarely found inland. May 1-26; Aug. 10 -
Oct. 13. Chiefly maritime.

224. Wilson's Phalarope— Stegdnopus tricolor
Vieillot. Accidental from West. Nahant, May 20, 1874.
Aug. 18-31.

RECURVIROSTRID^E. AVOCETS AND STILTS.

225. American Avoeet — Eecurvirostra americdna
Gmelin. Accidental from West. Ipswich, Sept. 13; Lynn;
Natick, Oct. 19. Fresh-water marshes and lowlands.

226. Black-necked Stilt — Himdntopus mexicdnus
(Miiller). Accidental from West or South. Lynn; Mass,
coast. Shores of lagoons and salt marshes.

SCOLOPACID^E. SNIPES, SANDPIPERS, ETC.

228. Woodcock ; American Woodcock— Philo-
hela minor (Gmelin). Common M. and uncommon S. R. ;
rare in winter. Mar. 4 -Nov. 25 (winter). Damp woods,
thickets, and fresh-water swamps. Nest on ground. Eggs,
April 5 -May 17.

230. Wilson's Snipe— Gallindgo delicdta (Ord).
Common M., rare and irregular S. R. and W. R. Mar. 20 -
May 18; (summer); Aug. 1-Nov. 30 (winter). 7 or more
seen at Lynn from Nov. 12, '09, to Jan. 22, 1910. Fresh and
brackish meadows and marshes. Nest on ground. Eggs,
May.

231. Dowitcher ; Red-breasted Snipe— M acro-
rhdmphus griseus griseus (Gmelin). Coastwise M., rare in
spring, uncommon in fall; casual inland. May 1 -June 7
(18; July 5 - Aug. 25 (Sept. 30. Sea and lake shores.

232. Long-billed Dowitcher — Macrorhamphus
griseus scolopdceus (Say). Accidental fall M. from West.
Aug. 29 -Nov. 3. Marshes and mudflats.

233. Stilt Sandpiper— Micropdlama himdntopus
(Bonaparte). Uncommon [? spring and] fall M. coastwise,
casual inland. July 19 - Sept. 29. Marshes and mudflats.

234. Knot; "Red-breasted Plover;" "Blue
Plover;" "Gray-back"— Tringa canutus Linne". Un-
common M. coastwise, casual inland; rare W. R. on Cape
Cod. May 11 - June 5 (25); July 13 - Nov. 8 (winter). Sandy
beaches.

34 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

235. Purple Sandpiper; "Rock Snipe;"
66 Winter Snipe" — Arquatella maritima maritima (Briin-
nich). Common fall and W. R. coastwise. July 30) Sept.
6 - April 19 (May 11. Rocky sea-shores and islets.

239. Pectoral Sandpiper ; " Grass-bird ;"
" Krieker" — Pisobia maculdta (Vieillot). Rare spring
and common fall M., mainly coastwise. April 4) 9 - May
16 (23; July 15- Nov. 11. Marshes and mudflats.

240. White-rumped Sandpiper ; Bonaparte's
Sandpiper; "Bull-peep" — Pisobia fuscicollis (Vieil-
lot). Rare spring and common fall M. coastwise. May 15 -
June 5; July 10 - Nov. 10. Shores of sea, lakes, and salt-
marsh sloughs.

241. Baird's Sandpiper ; " Bull-peep"— Pisobia
bairdi (Coues). Rare fall M. July 27 -Oct. 18. Beaches
and marshes.

242. Least Sandpiper ; "Peep ;" "Mud-peep"
— Pisobia minutilla (Vieillot). Abundant M. April 18)
May 5 -June 7; (summer); July 6 - Sept. 21 (Oct. 13).
Marshes and mud-flats.

*243. Dunlin; European Dunlin; "Brant-
bird" — Pelidna alpina alpina (Linne). Accidental from
Old World. Chatham, Aug. 11. Beaches and marshes.

243a. Ked-backed Sandpiper ; American
Dunlin— Pelidna alpina sakhalina (Vieiilot). Rare spring
and common fall M. coastwise, occasional inland. Mar.)
April -May 20 (June 18; Sept. 1-Dec. 13 (24): Beaches and
marshes.

244. Curlew Sandpiper— Erolia ferruginea (Briin-
nich). Accidental from Old World. May; Aug. Sea-
beaches and marshes.

246. Semipalmated Sandpiper ; " Peep ;"
" Sand-Peep" — Ereunetes pusillus (Linne*). Very com-
mon M., casual in summer. May 1) 13- June 14; (summer);
July 3 -Oct. 8 (30. Sandy sea-beaches chiefly; occasional
inland.

247. Western Sandpiper; Western Semipal-
mated Sandpiper— Ereunetes mauri Cabanis. Rare fall
M. July 19 - Sept. 20. Beaches and marshes.

248. Sanderling ; Beach-bird ; «« Whitey ;"
Beach Plover— Calidris leucophcea (Pallas). Very com-
mon M. coastwise; occasional inland; south of Cape Cod a
casual W. R. April) May 19 - June 4 (24; July 6- Dec. 6
(winter. Sandy beaches.

36 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

249. Marbled Godwit ; Brown Marlin— Limosa
fedoa (Linne*). Bare M. May 20- 23; July 17 - Sept. 5.
Marshes and beaches.

251. Hudsonian Godwit ; " Black-tail"— Limosa
Jmmdstica (Linn6). Rare M. (?April 29 - May 25); July
15 - Nov. 7. Marshes and beaches, chiefly the former.

254. Greater Yellow-legs; Winter Yellow-
legs— Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin). Common M.,
chiefly coastwise; occasional non-breeding S. R. Mar. 27)
April 4 - June 16 (28; (summer); July 6 - Nov. 12. Marshes,
both salt and fresh.

255. Yellow-legs ; Lesser Yellow-legs ; Sum-
mer Yellow-legs— Totanus fldvipes (Gmelin). Rare
spring, and common early fall M. April 29 - June 2 (15);
July 10 - Sept. 29 (Oct. 30. Marshes, salt and fresh.

256. Solitary Sandpiper— Helodromus solitdrius
solitarius (Wilson). Common M., mainly inland. May 2-
26 (June); July 8) 20 - Oct. 14 (Nov. 28). Borders of streams
and ponds.

258. Willet; Goose-bird; " Humility"— Catop-
tropkorus semipalmdtus semipalmatus (Gmelin). Rare
coastwise M., perhaps extirpated; formerly a rare S. R. on
south shore. May 2-31 (June 17; July 8 - Sept. 11. Marsh-
es and beaches, salt and fresh.

258a. Western Willet— Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
inorndtus (Brewster). Rare fall M. Newburyport, Aug. 5.
Marshes and beaches.

260. Ruff— Machetes pugnax (Linne)'. Accidental
from Old World, coastwise. May; July; Sept. Newbury-
port, Chatham, Nantucket. Marshes and beaches.

261. Upland Plover; Bartramian Sandpiper
— Bartrdmia longicauda (Bechstein). Rare spring and un-
common fall M.; rare and local S. R. April 3 - May 10;
summer; July 16 -Sept. 14. Grassy pastures and hill-tops,
especially near coast. Nest on ground. Eggs, May 25 -
June 3 (22.

262. Buff -breasted Sandpiper ; « Hill Grass-
bird" — Tryngites subruficollis (Vieillot). Rare fall M.
coastwise. July 28- Sept. 24. Grassy hills and marshes.

263. Spotted Sandpiper ; " Teeter ;" " Tip-up"
Actitis mdculdria (Linne). Common M. and S. R. April
19) 26 -Nov. 6 (14. Sea-shore, and borders of fresh-water
streams and lakes. Nest on ground. Eggs, May 27 - June 6.

38 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

264. Loiig.billed Curlew ; "Sickle-bill ;" "Hen
Curlew" — Numenius americdnus Bechstein. Now an acci-
dental M. [May] July 20 - Oct. 18. Marshes and grassy
flats.

265. Hudsonian Curlew— Numenius hudsonicus
Latham, Rare spring, uncommon fall M. April 10 - May
30 (June 8) ; June 23) July 6 - Oct. 1. Beaches and marshes.

266. Eskimo Curlew ; Dough-bird — Numenius
borealis (J. R. Forster). Migrant, accidental in spring,
rare in fall; formerly common, now nearly extinct. May;
July 15 - Oct. 2. Two at Newburyport, Aug. 27, 1908— C.
W. T. Marshes, beaches and grassy uplands.

CHARADKIIDJE. PLOVERS.

27O. Black-bellied Plover ; Beetle-bead ; Bull-
bead — Squatdrola squatarola (Linne). Common M. coast*
wise. April 15- June 13 (25. July 8 -Nov. 16 (Dec.
Beaches and marshes.

272. Golden Plover ; American Golden Plov-
er; Green-back ; " Green Plover ;" "Pale Belly"
Charddrius dominicus dominicus (Miiller). Migrant, very
rare in spring; now rare, but formerly common in fall,
along coast. (May); Aug. 12 -Nov. 2 (25. Plum Id., April
8, 1911. Beaches, marshes, and grassy hill-tops.

273. Killdeer— Oxyechus vociferus (Linne). Rare
M. and S. R.; accidental in W. Mar. 1-Dec." 15 (winter).
Meadows, fields, marshes, beaches. Nest on ground, in
fields. Eggs, May 30.

274. Semipalmated Plover; Ring-neck—
Aegialitis semipalmdta (Bonaparte). Common M. coast-
wise, especially in fall; scarce in spring; occasional inland.
Late April- June 14 (26); July 12 - Oct. 28. Beaches and
marshes.

277. Piping Plover; Pale Ring-neck— ^4. egiali-
tis meloda (Ord). Uncommon M. and coastwise S. R. Mar.
26) April 5 - Sept. 22. Sandy beaches. Nest on ground.
Eggs, May 10- June 14 (July). (277a. Belted Piping Plov-
er is no longer recognized as distinct.)

28O, Wilson's Plover— Ochthodromus wilsonius
(Ord). Accidental from South. Ipswich, May 8; Ply-
mouth; Aug. 22; sandy beaches and mud-flats.

40 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

APHRIZIDJE. SURF-BIRDS.

*283. Turnstone; European Turnstone— Are-
ndria interpres interpres (Linne). Accidental from Old
World. Monomoy Id., Sept.

283a. Ruddy Turnstone ; " Chicken-Plover; "
" Calico-bird" — Arenaria interpres morinella (Linne) .
Uncommon M. May 1 - 31 (June 24; July 25 - Oct. 16. Sea-
shores, either sandy or stony.

H^EMATOPODID^:. OYSTER-CATCHERS.

*286. Oyster-catcher, American Oyster-catch-
er— Hoemdtopus pallidtus Temminck. Accidental from
South. Late April; Aug. Sea-coast.

ODONTOPHORIDJE. BOB- WHITES, QUAILS, ETC.

289. Bob-white ; Quail— Co linus virginidnus mr-
ginianus (Linne). Uncommon permanent resident; locally
and irregularly plentiful. Nest on ground. Eggs, May-
June 30. Weedy and brush-grown fields and scrubby
woods.

TETRAONID.E. GROUSE, PTARMIGAN, ETC.

298c. Canada Spruce Partridge — Canachites
canadensis cdnace (Linne). Accidental from North, Sept.,
Nov.

300. Ruffed Grouse; "Partridge"— Bondsa
timbellus umbellus (Linne). Common R. Woods and
thickets. Nest on ground in woods. Eggs, April 27 -
June 2.

301. Willow Ptarmigan— Lagopus lagopus lago-
pus (Linne). Accidental from North, perhaps an escaped
bird. One record. Manchester.

*3O6. Heath Hen— Tympanuchus cupido (Linne).
Resident on Martha's Vineyard; formerly north to Boston
and in Conn, valley. Probably occurred in Essex Co. Scrub
oak thickets. Nest on ground. Eggs, June 2- July 24.

[Ring-necked Pheasant — Phasidmis torqudtus
Gmelin. Resident. Introduced from Old World as game
bird, and well established in many places. Thickets. Nest
on ground.]

42 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

MELEAGRID^E. TUBKEYS.

31Oa. Wild Turkey — Meledgris gallopdvo silvestris
Vieillot. Extirpated. Formerly a common resident.

COLUMBID^E. PIGEONS AND DOVES.

t315. Passenger Pigeon; Wild Pigeon— Ecto-
pistes migratorius (Linne). Extirpated and probably ex-
tinct. Formerly an abundant M. and common S. R., rare
in winter. Mar. 10 -Oct. 21 (winter). Woods and fields.
Nest in colonies, in trees. Eggs. May 22.

316. Mourning" Dove — Zenaidura macroura caroli-
nensis (Linne). Scarce M. and S. R., rare W. R. Frequent
in Plymouth Co.; rare in Essex Co. Mar. 5 -Nov. 15 (win-
ter). Grain-fields, roads, and weedy fields. Nest in tree,
rarely on ground. Eggs, April 19 - May 20.

*323. Blue-headed Quail dove— Starncenas cyan-
ocephala (Linne). Accidental from South, probably an
escape. One record. Oct.

[Rock Dove ; Domestic Pigeon ; Dove ; Pigeon
— Columba domestica Gmelin. Introduced from Old World
as a domesticated bird, but now common in a wild state in
many cities and towns. In streets and about buildings.
Nest in buildings.]

CATHARTID.E. AMEEICAN VULTUBES.

325. Turkey Vulture; Turkey Buzzard—

Cathdrtes aura septentriondlis Wied. Occasional visitor
at any season. Three records for Essex Co. and several
others for the eastern part of the State.

326. Black Vulture; "Jim Crow"— Catharista
urubu (Vieillot). Accidental from South. July to Nov.
Swampscott; Gloucester.

BUTEONID^E. HAWKS, EAGLES, KITES, ETC.

327. Swallow-tailed Kite—Elanoides forficdtus
(Linne). Accidental from West. Sept. WestNewbury, 1882.

*328. White- tailed Kite. Eldnus leucurus (Vieil-
lot.) Accidental from South. One record. Martha's Vine-
yard, May 30, 1910.

331. Marsh Hawk; Mouse HawTk; Harrier—
Circus hudsonius (Linne). Common M.; scarce S. R. ; rare
in winter. Mar. 1-Nov. 29 (winter). Flying low over

44 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

fields and marshes, hunting mice and frogs. Nest on
ground. Eggs, May 12 - June 8.

332. Sharp-shinned Hawk; "Pigeon Hawk"
— Accipiter velox (Wilson). Common M., scarce S. R. and
W. R. Mar. 10) Apr. 3 - May 11; summer; Sept. 7- Oct. 25
(Nov. 9; winter. Fields, orchards, woods, and near poul-
try-yards in chicken time. Nest in tree, usually white
pine, in secluded woodland. Eggs, May 3 - June 10.

333. Cooper's Hawk— Accipiter cooperi (Bona-
parte). Scarce M. and S. R., rare in winter. April 10-
Oct. 20; winter. Haunts and nesting-site same as preced-
ing. Eggs, April 25 - June 11.

334. Goshawk — Astur atricdpillus atricapillus (Wil-
son). Late fall and W. V., irregular, sometimes common.
Oct. 4 - Feb. 26. Fields; woods; perched on scattered trees
in open lands.

337. Red-tailed Hawk; "Hen Hawk"— Buteo
boredlis borealis (Gmelin). Scarce M. and W. R.; rare S.
R. Oct. 10 -April 20; summer. Sailing overhead and
perched on scattered trees in pastures and wild woodlands.
Nest of sticks, in large tree. Eggs, April 6 - 27.

339. Red-shouldered Hawk ; " Hen Hawk"-
Buteo linedtus lineatus (Gmelin). Common M. ; less com-
mon S. R. and W. R. Haunts ,and nest like preceding.
Eggs, April 3 - June 6.

342. Swainson's Hawk. Buteo swainsoni Bona-
parte. Rare wanderer from West. April 20 - Nov. 7.
Three records for Essex Co.

343. Broad-winged Hawk — Buteo platjpterus
(Vieillot). Scarce M. and rare S. R. in less settled dis-
tricts. April 12 - Sept. 30 (Oct. 16. Woodlands. Nest in
tree. Eggs, May 7-31.

34 7a. Rough-legged Hawk; Black Hawk—
Archibuteo lagopus sdncti-johdnnis (Gmelin). Rare fall and
winter visitor. Oct. - April 13x(May 8. Open country.

349. Golden Eagle — Aquila chrysd'etos (Linne*).
Rare visitor at all seasons. Inhabits mountainous country.

352. Bald Eagle ; White-headed Eagle— Haliw-
etus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linne). Uncommon V. at
all seasons, more often seen near coast.

FALCONID^E. FALCONS, ETC.

*353. White Gyrfalcon— Fdlco isldndus Briinnich.
Accidental from North, if occurring. One doubtful record.

46 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

*354a. G-yrfalcon — Falco rusticolus gyrfdlco Linne*.
Very rare W. V. from North. Jan. Feb.

354b. Black Gyrfalcon— Falco rusticolus obsoletus
Gmelin. Very rare W. V. from North. Oct. -Mar. 11.
Four records.

356a. Duck Hawk. Falco peregrinus dnatum Bon-
aparte. Rare M. except at times directly on the sea-shore;
casual in winter, May 24 ; Sept. 19* Oct. 9; winter. Open
country, preying on water - and shore-birds.

357. Pigeon Hawk — Falco columbdrius Linn6.
Rather common M. and occasional W. R. April 10 -May
16. Sept. 7 -Nov. 24; winter. Open country; isolated
trees; woods.

*359.1 Kestrel. Falco tinnunculus Linne*. Accidental
from Old World. One record. Sept. Nantasket Beach.

36O. Sparrow Hawk — Falco sparverius sparverius
Linne. Scarce M. ; not uncommon S. R. ; occasional
W. R. near coast. Mar. 20 - Nov. 8; winter. On dead trees
and branches in fields, clearings and thin woods. Nest in
tree-cavity, rarely in building. Eggs, April 27 - May 26.

PANDIONID^S. OSPBEYS.

364. Osprey ; Fish Hawk — Pandion halidetus caro-
linensis (Gmelin.) Common M. Mar.) April 2 -May 29;
Aug. 26 - Nov. 11. Common S. R. in Bristol Co., and for-
merly bred in Ipswich and Georgetown. Sea-coasts, lakes
and rivers. Nest in tree. Eggs, May 8 - July.

ALUCONID^E. BARN OWLS.

365. Barn Owl— Aluco pratincola (Bonaparte).
Accidental from South. May -Dec. Open country. Hides
and nests in hollow trees and buildings.

STRIGLTXE. HORNED OWLS, ETC.

366. Long-eared Owl ; Cat Owl — Asio wilsonidnus
(Lesson). Rare P. R. ; sometimes not nncommon in fall
and winter. Secluded woods and swamps. Nest in tree,
usually in old crow's nest. Eggs, April 1 - May 14.

367. Short-eared Owl; Marsh Owl — Asio fldm-
meus (Pontoppidan). Uncommon migrant, mainly near
coast; rare W. and S. R. Mar. 15- April 15; summer;
Sept. 24 -Nov. 30; winter. Open country, among the tall
grass of meadows, marshes, and dunes. Nest on ground.

48 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

368. Barred Owl ; Hoot Owl— Strix vdria varia
Barton. Scarce R. sometimes common in autumn. Heavy
woodlands in swamps. Nest in old hawk or crow nest, or
hollow tree. Eggs, Mar. 27 -May 13.

370. Great Gray Owl — Scotidptex nebulosa nebulo-
sa (J. R. Forster). Very rare and irregular W. V. Nov.
10 -Mar. 4. Woods.

371. Richardson's Ovvl—Cryptoglauxfunerea rich-
ardsoni (Bonaparte.) Very rare and irregular W. V. Nov.
26 - Mar. Woods.

372. Saw- whet Owl ; Acadian Owl— Crypto-
glaux acddica acadica (Gmelin). Scarce and local R.;
more often observed as a fall and W. V. Dense woods;
nest in cavity in tree. Eggs, April 4 -May.

373. Screech Owl; Red Owl; Mottled Owl—
()tus dsio asio (Linne). Common R. Inhabits woodlands
and old orchards with hollow trees, in which it nests.
Eggs, April 15 - May 5.

375. Great Horned Owl ; Hoot Owl— Bubo vir-
ginianus virginianus (Gmelin). Scarce P. R. Wild wood-
lands of heavy timber. Nest in tree-cavity, or open on
branch, rarely on ground. Eggs, Feb. 17 - Mar. (April 20.

*375b, Arctic Horned Owl— Bubo virginianus sub-
drcticus Hoy. Accidental from Northwest. One record.
Nov. 30.

376. Snowry Owl— Njctea nyctea (Linne"). Fall and
W. V.; irregular, sometimes common. Oct. 12)28 April
15(May 20. Open country, dunes, rocky islets, more rare-
ly perched in trees,

377a. Hawk Owl— Surnia ulula cdparoch (Miiller).
Rare and irregular fall and W. V. Nov. 16 - Mar. 25.
378. Burro wing" Owl — Speotyto cuniculdria hypo-
(Bonaparte). Accidental from West. One record. May.

CUCKOOS, ETC.

387. Yellow-billed \Cuckoo-Coccyzus americdnus
americanus (Linne). Uncommon S. R. ; somewhat local.
May 4)9 -Sept. 26 (Oct. Nov. Thickets, orchards, etc.
Nest in low tree or shrubbery, 4-15 ft. Eggs, May 20-
June 30.

388. Black-billed Cuckoo— Coccyzus erythroph-
thdlmus (Wilson). Common S. R. May 4 - Sept. 27
(Oct. See preceding species.

50 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

ALCEDINID^E. KINGFISHERS.

39O. Belted Kingfisher; Kingfisher— Ceryle
dlcyon (Linne). Common S. R.; rare and local in winter.
Mar. 15 - Deo. 5 (winter). Near bodies of water; in winter
near rapidly running streams or tidal ways. Nest in hori-
zontal burrow dug in bank of earth. Eggs, May 15- June 6.

PICIDJE. WOODPECKERS.

393. Hairy Woodpecker. JDryobates villosus villo-
sus (Linne*). Scarce or rare and local S. R., more common
as fall and W. V. Woodlands, groves and shade trees.
Nest in hole in tree. Eggs, April 22 - May 30.

394c. Downy Woodpecker— Dryobates pubescens
medidnus (Swainson). Common R., most noticeable in W.
Orchards and woodlands. Nest in hole in tree, 3-20 ft.
Eggs, May 20 - June 21.

400. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker ; Black-
backed Three-toed Woodpecker— Picoides drcticus
(Swainson). Irregular fall and W. V. from North. Sept.)
Oct. 16- April 27 (July, Aug.)

401. Three-toed Woodpecker ; Ladder-backed
Three-toed Woodpecker — Picoides americdnus ameri-
canus Brehm. Rare and irregular W. V. Winter; April 28.

402. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker — Sphyrapicus
vdrius varius (Linne). Scarce migrant; very rare W. R.
April 4 -May 10; Sept, 10 - Nov. 1 (winter).- Orchards,
shade-trees and woodlands.

4O5a. Northern Pileated Woodpecker ; " t<og-
•cock " — Phlceotomus piledtus abieticola (Bangs). Acciden-
tal V. from North or West at any season. Breeds in
-wilder parts of western and northern New England.

4O6. Red-headed Woodpecker— M elanerpes ery-
throcephalus (Linne). Rare and irregular V. at all seasons;
sometimes breeds. Open woodlands, groves, and shade-
trees. Nest in hole in tree.

*4O9. Red-bellied Woodpecker— Centurus caroli-
nus (Linne*). Accidental V. from South. May - Nov.

412, Northern Flicker ; Golden- winged Wood-
pecker ; Pigeon Woodpecker ; Yellow-hammer—
•Coldptes aurdtus luteus Bangs. Common S. R.; frequent
W. R. Orchards, shade-trees, clearings, fields, buildings.
Nest in hole in tree or pole. Eggs, May 6 - June 20.

52 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS .

CAPRIMULGID.E. GOATSUCKERS, ETC.

*416. Cliuck- will's- widow — Antrostomus carolinensis
(Gmelin). Accidental from South. One record. Revere.

417. Wliip-poor-will — Antrostomus vociferus vocif-
erus (Wilson). Common S. R. April 22) 30 -Sept. 25.
Woods and thickets, often roadsides and yards; nocturnal.
Eggs laid on ground, in woods. May 18 - June 9.

42O. Nighthawk — Chordeiles virginidnus virginianus
{Gmelin). Common M., less common S. R. April 23)
May 9 - Oct. 6. Flying about in late afternoon and in
evening; by day in ledgy woods. Eggs laid on bare ground,
ledges, or even flat graveled roofs in cities and towns.
Eggs, June 5 - 15.

MICROPODID^E. SWIFTS.

423. Chimney Swift ; " Chimney Swallow "—

Chcetura peldgica (Linne.) Common S. R. April 18) 25-
Sept. 25 (Oct. 12. Flying overhead; especially common
near old chimneys in May and Aug. Nest of twigs in
unused chimney flue. Eggs, June 10-30.

TROCHILID^E. HUMMINGBIRDS.

428. Ruby-throated Hummingbird— Archilochus
colubr is (Linne). Common M. arid S. R. May 1)6 -Sept.
23 (Oct. 15. About nectar-bearing flowers, borne on either
trees, shrubs, vines, or herbaceous plants. 'Nest of plant-
down, covered with lichens, saddled on limb of tree, in
woods, orchards or gardens. Eggs, May 24 - June 15.

TYRANNID.E. TYRANT FLYCATCHERS.

444. King'bird — Tyrannus tyrannus (Linne). Com-
mon S. R. April 27) May 3 - Sept. 19 (26. Orchards, fences,
scattered trees in fields ; especially in vicinity of water;
often frequents the sea-beach. Nest in tree, well out on
slender limb. Eggs, May 30 - July 4 (17.

445. Gray Kingbird — Tyrannus dominicensis (Gme-
lin). Accidental from South. One record. Lynn. Oct.

452. Crested Flycatcher — Myidrchus crinitus (Lin-
ne). Uncommon and local S. R.; rare in Essex Co. May
1.) 9 -Sept. 26 (Oct. 15. Open woods, clearings, and back-
tying orchards. Nest in hollow tree or limb. Eggs,
June 11 - 25.

54 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

456. Phoebe ; Barn or Bridge-Pewee ; Bridge-
bird — Sayornis phcebe (Latham). Common S. R. Feb. 20)
Mar. 12 - Oct. 26 (Nov. 15. About barns, sheds, bridges,
especially if near water. Nest on projection under bridge,
in cellar or shed. Eggs, April 27 -May 10; 2nd brood, June
13 - July 3. Aug.

*457. Say's Phoebe— Sayornis sdyus (Bonaparte).
Accidental from West, One record. Sept.

459. Olive-sided Flycatcher — Nuttallornis boredlis
(Swainson). Rare and local S. R. May 10 -Sept. 10.
Perched on dead limbs and tree-tops in mixed and conif-
erous woods. Nest in tree. Eggs, June 16- July.

461. Wood Pewee — Myiochanes virens (Linne*).
Common S. R. May 10) 12 -Sept. 26 (Oct. Woods, shade-
trees, orchards. Nest in tree. Eggs, June 10- July 10.

463. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher — Empidonax fla-
viventris (W. M. & S. F. Baird). Rare M. May 10)15-
June 10 (15; Aug. 25 -Sept. 10 (Nov.; Dec.) Damp, ever-
green thickets.

*465. Acadian Flycatcher ; Green-crested
Flycatcher — Empidonax virescens (Vieillot). Accidental
from South. One record. f& ')

466a. Alder Flycatcher — Empidonax trailli alno-
rum Brewster. Rare and local S. R. May 16 - Aug. 24.
Swamps and alder-thickets. Nest in low bush. Eggs,
June 15 - July 3.

467. Least Flycatcher; Chebec— Empidonax
minimus (W. M. & S. F. Baird). Very common S. R. April
22) 28; - Sept. 21 (Oct. 2. Orchards and shade-trees. Nest
in tree. Eggs, May 20 - July 1.

ALAUDID^E. LAKKS.

474. Horned Lark ; Shore Lark — Otocoris alpes-
tris alpestris (Linne). W. V. or. W. R., abundant coast-
wise in fall, less plentiful in winter and spring. Sept. 27)
Oct. 17 -April 19 (May 27. Open fields, hill-tops, sea-
shores, and sand-dunes. In large or small flocks, flying
over or running about.

474b. Prairie Horned Lark— Otocoris alpestris
praticola Henshaw. Rare M. and S. R. Mar. 22 - Nov. 9.
Open fields. Nest on ground. Eggs, early J uly. A recent
addition to the avifauna of the district, invading New Eng-
land from the West. Now breeds regularly at Ipswich —
C. W. T.

56 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

CORVID^E. CROWS, JAYS, ETC.

477. Blue Jay— Cyanocitta cristdta cristata (Linne*).
Common M. and R., most conspicuous in winter. Orchards,
shade-trees, and woods. Nest in tree. Eggs, April 28 -
June 15.

484. Canada Jay — Perisoreus canadensis canaden-
sis (Linne). Accidental from North. Summer; Oct.

*486a. Northern Raven— Corvus corax principdlis
Ridgway. Accidental V. No recent occurrences.

488. Crow — Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos
Brehm. Common R., often abundant W. R. near coast,
sometimes forming «l roosts." Everywhere. Nests in pine-
trees. Eggs, April 15 -June.

*49O. Fish Crow— Corvus ossifragus Wilson. Casual
from South. Mar. 16 -July 16. Along sea-coast and large
streams.

STURNID^E. STARLINGS.

Mr. R. B. Mackintosh reports that a lone female has
nested in Peabody for two or more years, usually appear-
ing in March.

[493, Starling— Sturnus vulgdris Linne. Likely to
invade the district at any time, and establish itself as a
P. R. in cities and towns.]

ICTERID^E. BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, ETC.

494. Bobolink; Skunk Blackbird— Do lichonyx
oryzivorus (Linne). Common M. and S. R., locally abun-
dant. April 27) May 1 - Sept. 29. Grassy meadows and pas-
tures. Nest on ground. Eggs, June 1 - 8.

495, Cowbird — Molothrus dter ater (Boddaert). Com-
mon M. and S. R. ; rarely winters. Mar. 1) 11 -Nov. 21
(winter). In flocks perched in orchards or on scattered
trees, or walking about in roads and pastures, often near
cattle. Eggs placed in nests of other birds. May 15 - July 1.

*497. Yellow-headed Blackbird— Xanthocepha-
lus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte). Accidental from West.
Sept. - Oct.

498. Red- winged Blackbird — Agelaiusphwniceus
phceniceus (Linne"), Common, locally abundant, M. and S.
R., rarely wintering. Feb. 26) Mar. 6 - Oct. 20 (Nov. 28,
winter). Swamps and marshes; flocks of males in early
spring give operatic entertainments in tree-tops; on hay-

58 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

fields directly after grass is cut. Nest usually in bushes or
weeds, 1-3 ft. above water in marshes or streams. Eggs,
May 10- June 18.

5OI. Meadowlark — Sturnella mdgna magna (Linne).
Common S. R. ; near coast a rare W. R. Mar. 2 - Nov. ;
winter. Damp, grassy fields, and pastures. Nest on
ground. Eggs, May 11 - June 28.

506. Orchard Oriole — Icterus spurius (Linne).
Rare and locals. R. near coast. May 1) 8- Aug. 15. Orchards
and shade-trees. Nest in tree. Eggs, May 28 - June 25.

507. Baltimore Oriole ; Golden Robin ; " Fire-
hang-bird;" " Hang-nest"— Icterus gdlbula (Linne).
Common S. R. April 29) May 4 - Sept. 9 (Nov.). Shade-
trees and orchards. Nest pensile, usually in elm or apple-
tree. Eggs, May 24 - July 4.

5O9. Rusty Blackbird ; Rusty Grackle — Eupka-
gus carolinus (Miiller). Common M., accidental in winter.
Mar. 7 - May 18 (30; Sept. 12) 15 - Nov. 1 (27; (winter). In
flocks in swamps, marshes, and wet woods.
*511. Purple Grackle; Crow Blackbird — Quis-
calus quiscula quiscula (Linne*). Rare S. R. ; " occasional
typical birds breed in southernmost part and coastwise to
Cambridge." Habits and season same as next.

51 Ib. Bronzed Grackle; Crow Blackbird—
Quiscalus quiscula ceneus Ridgway. Common M. and S.
R., sometimes appearing in very large flocks in fall; rare
in winter coastwise. Feb. 23) Mar. 10 - Nov. 22 (winter. In
breeding season in coniferous trees and open lands near
water. Nest on branch of pine tree, in bushes, or tree-
cavities. Eggs, May 2- June 1.

FBINGILLID^E. FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC.

514. Evening1 Grosbeak — Hesperiphona vespertina
vespertina (Cooper). Accidental W. V. from far Northwest.
Dec. 5 - April. Flights in 1889-'90, 1903-'4, 1909, 1910-'ll.

515. Pine Grosbeak — Pinicola enucledtor leucura
(Miiller). Irregular W. V. from North, sometimes plenti-
ful. Oct. 24 - April 4 (24. Coniferous trees.

51 7. Purple Finch ; " Bed Linnet"— Carp odacus
purpureus purpureus (Gmelin). Common M. and S. R. ; ir-
regular, sometimes plentiful, in winter. Mar. 8 -Oct. 21;
winter. Orchards, shade-trees, groves, woodlands. Nest
in coniferous tree. Eggs, May 25 - June 19.

60 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

[House Sparrow ; English Sparrow — Passer do-
mesticus Linne. Introduced from Europe. Abundant P.
R. in cities and towns. Nest in climbing vines, cavities in
trees, buildings, and birdhouses. Eggs, April - July.]

521. Crossbill ; American Red Crossbill— Loxia
eurvirostra minor (Brehm). Irregular, sometimes common
W. V. from North, and occasional at other seasons. Rarely
breeds. Coniferous trees, especially pitch pines. Nest in
tree.

522. White-winged Crossbill— Loxia leucoptera
Gmelin. Irregular W. V., sometimes common. Oct. 22 -
May 12 (25; (June). Conifers.

52 7a. Hoary Redpoll — Acdnthis hornernanni ex-
ilipes (Coues). Rare W. V. Nov. 15 - Mar. 20. One record
for Essex Co. Swampscott, Nov. 16, 1878.

528. Redpoll— Acanthis lindria linaria (Linne). Fre-
quent, often abundant, but irregular fall and W. V. Oct.
16) 25- April 10 (25. Open tree-growth and weedy fields,
feeding on seeds of birches, alders, ragweed, etc.; often in
large flocks.

528a. HolboelFs Redpoll — Acanthis linaria hol-
boelli (Brehm). Very rare W. V. from North. Mar. 10, 26.
Swampscott, 1883.

528h. Greater Redpoll — Acanlhis linaria rostrdta
(Coues). Coastwise W. V. from North ; irregular, and at
times common. Dec. 27 -Feb. 25.

*Brewster's Linnet — Acanthis brewsteri Ridgway.
Only one specimen known, taken at Waltham, Nov. 1, 1870.
Status uncertain, perhaps a hybrid between Redpoll and
Pine Siskin.

529. Goldfinch ; Yellow-bird ; " Wild Canary"
— Astragalinus tristis tristis (Linne). Common M. and S.
R. ; not uncommon in winter; most conspicuous in July and
Aug. In flocks, feeding on seeds in weedy fields, roadsides,
and gardens, or perched on trees in the vicinity. Nest in
bush or tree. Eggs, July 21 - Aug. 11.

533. Pine Siskin — Spinus pinus (Wilson). Fall and
W. V., irregular, sometimes common; rarely nests. Sept.
19 -May 30; (summer). Coniferous trees. Nest in tree.
Eggs, May.

^European Siskin— Spinus spinus Linne. Accidental
from Old World; one record.

^[European Goldfinch— Car duelis carduelis (Linne).
Introduced but not established. Bred near Worcester,
July, 1890.]

62 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

534. Snow Bunting; Snowflake— Plectrophenax
nivdlis nivalis (Linne). Common, sometimes abundant W.
R. coastwise; irregularly common inland. Oct. 12- April 3
(May. In flocks, circling over and feeding in weedy pas-
tures, on beaches and sand-dunes.

536. Lapland Longspur— Calcdrius lapponicus
lapponicus (Linne). Irregularly common fall M. and W. R.
coastwise; rare in spring; rare inland. Feb. 22 -May 1;
Oct. 9 - Dec. 11; winter. Open fields, sand dunes, marshes.
In flocks, often mingling with Snow Buntings and Horned
Larks.

538. Chestnut- collared .Longspur— Calcarius or-
ndtus (J. K. Townsend). Accidental from far West. Mag-
nolia, July.

540. Vesper Sparrow ; Grass Finch ; Bay-
winged Bunting ; Ground-bird — Pocecetes gramine-
us gramineus (Gmelin). Common M. and S. R. Mar. 17)
27 - Oct. 24 (Nov. 10; Dec. 25. Pastures, grassy fields, road-
sides. Nest on ground. Eggs, May 10- June 10.

541. Ipswich Sparrow— Passerculus princeps
Maynard. Common M. and rare W. R. coastwise on sand
dunes; casual inland. Oct. 12 - April 12. First discovered
by C. J. Maynard on the Ipswich sand dunes, 1868, where
it frequents the beach-grass, the seeds of which probably
form its chief subsistence. Its only known summer home
is Sable Id. where it is called the "Gray Bird."

542a. Savannah Sparrow— Passerculus sandwich-
ensis savanna (Wilson). Common M. and S. R.; rare or
casual W. R. near coast. Perched on fences, or skulking
through the grass of damp fields and marshes. Nests on
the ground. Eggs, May 21 - June 20.

546. Grasshopper Sparrow ; Yellow- winged
Sparrow — Ammodramus savanndrurn austrdlis Maynard.
Scarce or local S. R. April 25) May 10-Sept. 1 (Dec. 10).
Dry, sandy, weed-grown fields, where it sings an insect-
like song from weed-stalks, fence-posts, or bushes. Nest
on ground.

547. Henslow's Sparrow— Passerherbulus henslowi
henslowi (Audubon). Scarce and local S. R. May 6- Sept.
(Nov.) Damp marshes and sedgy bogs. Nest on ground.
Eggs, May 25.

549. Sharp-tailed Sparrow — Passerherbulus caud-
acutus (Gmelin). Scarce S. R. in sea-board salt-marshes;
rare W. R. on Cape Cod. May 19 -Nov. 8 (winter). Nest
on ground. Eggs, June 8 - July 12.

64 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

549.1. Nelson's Sparrow; Nelson's Sharp-
tailed Finch — Passer herbulus nelsoni nelsoni (Allen).
Scarce fall M.; rare W. R. on south shore. Sept. 25 - Oct.
15 (winter). Marshes and cranberry-bogs.

549. la. Acadian Sharp-tailed Sparrow— Pas-
serherbulus nelsoni subvirgdtus (Dwight). Scarce M. coast-
wise, casual inland. May 20- June 11; Sept. 3- Nov. 5.
Brackish or freshwater marshes.

55O. Seaside Sparrow— Passer herbulus maritimus
maritimus (Wilson). Rare and local S. R. and W. R. on
south shore. April 14 -winter. Salt marshes. Nest on
ground. Eggs, July 17.

552. Lark Sparrow; Lark Finch— Chondestes
grdmmacus grammacus (Say). Accidental from West. April
29; Aug. 12 -Nov. 25.

554. White-crowned Sparrow— Zonotrichia leu-
cophrys leucophrys (J. R. Forster). Uncommon M. May
4-27 (June 6; Sept. 23) 30 -Oct. 22 (Nov. 5. Thickets,
bushy roadsides, etc.

558. White-throated Sparrow ; Peabody-hird
— Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin). Common M. ; rare S. R. ;
rare W. R. near coast. April 15) 22 - May 18 (26; summer;
Sept. 1) 12- Nov. 10; winter. Thickets. Nest on ground
or in bush. Eggs, June.

559. Tree Sparrow— Spizella monticola monticola
(Gmelin). Very common M. and less common W. R. Sept.
21) Oct. 16 - April 28 (May 7. Thickets, fields 'and marshes.

560. Chipping: Sparrow ; Chip-bird ; Hair-bird
— Spizella passerina passer ina (Bechstein). Abundant M.
and S. R. Mar. 13) April 5 • Nov. 25 (Dec. 31. Orchards,
lawns, gardens, and fields near dwellings. Nest in trees,
vines, etc. Eggs, May 12 - June 26.

*562. Brewer's Sparrow — Spizella breweri Cassin.
Accidental from West. Watertown, Dec. 15, 1873.

563. Field Sparrow— Spizella pusilla pusilla (Wil-
son). CommonS. R.; rare W. R. near coast. Mar. 29)
April 1-Nov. 13; (winter). Bushy fields and pastures,
particularly on drier soil. Nest on ground or in bushes.
Eggs, May 8 - June 12.

567. Slate-colored Junco; Junco; Black
Snowbird — Junco hy emails hy emails (Linne). Common,
often abundant, M.; not uncommon in winter. Occasion-
ally breeds (Wellesley, nest, 4 eggs, May 19, 1911). Mar.
8- May 21; summer; Sept. 3 • Nov. 30; winter. Clearings

66 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

and woodland edges, thickets, and weedy fields. Nest on
ground, rarely in bushes. Eggs, June - (Aug. 6).

*567f. Montana Junco — Junco hyemalis montdnus
Ridgway. Accidental from West. Watertown, Mar. 25,
1874.

581, Song" Sparrow — Melospiza melodia melodia
(Wilson). Abundant M. and S. R.; uncommon W. R.
Mar. 10 -Nov. 15; winter. Meadows, swamps, marshes,
thickets. Nest on ground or in bushes. Eggs, April 30 -
July 29.

583. Lincoln's Sparrow— Melospiza lincolni lin-
colni (Audubon). Rare spring and uncommon fall M. Mav
7) 12 - 25 (June 1 ; Sept. 12 - Oct. 14 (Nov. 1). Bushes,
stone walls, thickets, and tangles.

584. Swamp Sparrow — Melospiza georgidna (Lath-
am). Common M. and local S. R. ; rare W. R. near coast
as far as Beverly. Mar. 27 - Nov. 30; winter. Swamps,
marshes, borders of streams. Nest on ground. Eggs,
May 13 - July 14.

585. Fox Sparrow — Passerella iliaca iliaca (Mer-
rem). Common M., sometimes abundant; occasionally
winters; Mar. 3) 9 - April 25 (May 2; Sept. 17) Oct. 15 - Nov.
27 (winter. Thickets and woodland edges.

587. Towhee; Chewink; Ground Robin— Pi-
pilo erythrophthdlmus erythrophthalmus (Linne). Common
S. R.; casual in winter (Manchester). April 2) 18 - Oct. 22
(Nov., Dec.; winter.) Dry, or highland thickets and sprout-
land, bushy pastures. Nest on ground, rarely in bush.
Eggs, May 17 - July 12.

593. Cardinal ; Red-bird ; Virginia Nightin-
gale— Cardindlis cardinalis cardinalis (Linne). Occasional
V. at all seasons coming from the south, and frequent es-
capes from captivity. Rarely nests, in bushes; eggs, June 6.

595. Rose-breasted Grosbeak— Zamelodia ludovic-
idna (Linne). Common S. R., apparently increasing in
numbers. April 26) May 2 - Oct. 3. Orchards, woodlands,
and shade-trees. Nest in trees or bushes. Eggs, May 25 -
June 15.

*597. Blue Grosbeak — Guiraca ccerulea ccerulea
(Linne*). Accidental from South. Brookline, May 29, 1880.

598. Indigo Bunting; Indigo-bird— Passerina
cydnea (Linne). Common M. and S. R., somewhat local.
May 8 - Oct. 29 (Dec. Clearings, orchards, shade-trees,
bushy pastures, thickets. Singing from tree-tops ^in sea-
son. Nest in low bushes or tangles. Eggs, June 3 - 22.

68 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

[*6O1. Painted Bunting— Passerina ciris (Linne).
Four instances; regarded as escaped cage-birds.]

604. Dickcissel; Black-throated Bunting —

Splza americdna (Gmelin). No recent occurrences; for-
merly a scarce S. R. coastwise, but now rare east of the Al-
leghanies.

605. Lark Bunting— Calamospiza melanocorys
Stejneger. Accidental from West. Lynn, Dec. 5, 1877.

TANGARnxE. TANAGERS.

607. Western Tanager ; Louisiana Tanager —

Pirdnga ludovicidna (Wilson). Accidental from West.
Lynn, Jan. 20, 1878.

608. Scarlet Tanager — Piranga erythromelas Vieil-
lot. Common S. R. April 30) May 8 - Oct. 11 (16. Decid-
uous woodlands and groves. Nest in tree. Eggs, June 2 -

610. Summer Tanager— Piranga rubra rubra (Lin-
ne). Accidental in summer from South. April 21 - Aug.

HIRUNDINID^E. SWALLOWS.

611. Purple Martin — Progne subis subis (Linne).
Common, local S. R. until recently. Nearly exterminated
by storms in spring of 1903. Two or three were seen in
Hamilton, June, 1909. April 14) 19 - Sept. 1 (30. Flying
about nesting-site and sailing high overhead, wandering
widely in August. Nest in bird-houses near 'dwellings, in
colonies. Eggs, May 30 - June 21.

612. Cliff Swallow ; Eaves Swallow— Petrochel-
idon lunifrons lunifrons (Say). Common M. and less com-
mon and local S. R. (Ipswich, Topsfield, Saugus, Lynn-
field). April 23 - Sept. 4 (30. Flying about in open coun-
try, especially near nesting-site. Nests in colonies under
eaves of old barns and sheds. Eggs, May 25 - July 20.

613. Barn Swallow ; Fork-tailed Swallow—
Hirundo erythrogdstra Boddaert. Common M. and S. R.
April 5) 17 - Sept. 30 (Oct. 7. About old barns, in open
fields, on telegraph wires. Nest on rafters of old barns and
sheds. Eggs, May 18 - July 12.

614. Tree Swallow ; White-bellied Swallow—
Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot). Common M. and less com-
mon S. R. Mar. 15) 22 - Oct. 17 (Nov. 2. Flying in vicinity
of water or nesting-site, or perched on telegraph wires.

70 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

Nest in hole in tree, or bird-house near dwelling. Eggs,
May 14 - June 15.

616. Bank Swallow; Sand Swallow— Bipdria
riparia (Linne). Common M. and local S. R. (according to
nesting conditions). April 24 - Sept. 2 (Nov. 2. Flying
near nesting-site. Nest in horizontal burrow in earth
bank, usually near water. Eggs, May 28 - June 17.

BOMBYCILLID^E. WAXWINGS.

618. Bohemian Wax wing— Bomby cilia gdrrula
(Linne). Accidental W. V. from North. Dec. 26 - Feb. 18.

619. Cedar Waxwing; Cedar-bird— Bomby cilia
cedrorum Vieillot. Common M. and S. R. and irregular V.
at other seasons. Orchards, shade-trees, woodlands. Nest
in tree. Eggs, May 30 - July.

LANIID.E. SHRIKES.

621. Northern Shrike; Butcher-Bird— Ldnius
boredlis Vieillot. Uncommon, somewhat irregular W. R.
Oct. 6 ) 12- April 16 ( May. Perched on scattered trees in
fields near thickets, sometimes in towns, where it preys on
the House Sparrow.

622e. Migrant Shrike ; Northern Loggerhead
Shrike — Lanius ludovicidnus migrans W. Palmer. Rare
M. and very rare W. V. Jan. 28, April. Aug. 22 - Nov. 27
(Dec. 19).

VlREONIB^E. VlREOS.

624. Red-eyed Vireo— Vireosylva olivdcea (LinnS).
Common S. R. May 4 - Oct. ll(Nov. Orchards, shade-
trees, and edges or clearings in deciduous woodlands. Nest
pensile in fork of tree-branch or bush, usually low. Eggs,
May 25 -July 20.

626. Philadelphia Vireo— Vireosylva philadelphica
Cassin. Very rare M. May ? - 17; Sept. 7 - 27.

627. Warbling Vireo— Vireosylva gilva gilva
(Vieillot). Common S. R. April 24)29 -Sept. 26. Orchards
and shade-trees, especially elms in village streets. Nest
pensile in tree. Eggs, May 30 - June 11.

628. Yellow-throated Vireo— Lanivireo fldvifrons
(Vieillot). Common -S. R. May 1-Sept. 19. Orchards,
shade-trees, and woodland edges. Nest pensile in tree.
Eggs, May 24- June 17.

72 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

629. Blue-headed Vireo ; Solitary Vireo— Lani-
mreo solitdrius solitarius (Wilson). Not uncommon M.;
rare and local S. R. April 11)18 - May 8 (13 ; Sept. 11) 15 -
Oct. 5 (17. Cool mixed or white pine woods and groves.
Nest in tree. Eggs, May 13 - June 26.

631. White-eyed Vireo— Vir eo griseus griseus
{Boddaert). Scarce or rare and local S. R. near coast and
in southeast section. May 2) 8 -Sept. 27 (Oct. 30. Damp
thickets. Nest in bushes. Eggs, May 22- June 18.

. WOOD WARBLERS.

636. Black and White Warhler— MniotUta vdria
"(Linne*). Very common M. and less common S. R. April
18) 28- Oct. 29 (Dec. 5. Mixed woodlands, orchards, and
shade-trees. Nest on ground. Eggs, May 17- June 22.

*637. Prothonotary Warbler— ProZonoZaria citrea
(Boddaert). Accidental from South. May 1 - Sept. 15.

639. Worm-eating Warbler — Helmitheros vermiv-
orus (Gmelin). Accidental from South. Salem Wiliows,
April 14, 16, 1902; other records in eastern Mass., May 9,
Sept. 19.

*641. Blue- winged Warbler— Vermivor a pinus
{Linne). Very rare V. from South. May 12-17. Very
rare S. R. Sudbury, 1909.

642. Golden- winged Warbler— Vermivor a chrys-
vptera (Linne). Scarce S. R., not uncommon locally in
Essex Co. and in parts of Wellesley, Weston, Waltham, etc.
May 4) 7 - Sept. 1 (Oct. 8. Low, bushy growths and sprout
lands. Nest on ground. Eggs, May 17 - June 22.
^Lawrence's Warbler — Vermivor a Idwrencei (Her-
rick). Very rare S. V. or S. R. Dedham, May 27, 1908.
Probably a hybrid between Blue-winged and Golden-
winged Warblers.

*Brewster's Warbler— V ermivora leucobronchidlis
(Brewster). Rare S. R. May 14 -summer. Nest on ground.
Eggs, June 8 -18. Probably a hybrid between Blue-winged
and Golden-winged Warblers and similar in habits.

645. Nashville Warbler — Vermivor a rubricapilla
rubricapilla (Wilson). Common M. and less common S.
R.; accidental in W. April 20) May 2 -Sept. 25. (Oct. 14,
Jan.). Open woodlands, near swamps and streams. Nest
on ground. Eggs, May 21 - June 21.

646. Orange-crowned Warbler— Vermivora celdta

74 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

celata (Say). Rare M. or accidental V. Lynn, Jan. 1, 1875.
May 15, Sept. 30 - Nov. 29.

647. Tennessee Warbler— Vermivora peregrina
(Wilson). Rare M.; exceedingly rare in autumn. May
10) 15 - 25 (30; Aug. -Sept. 10.

648a. Northern Parula Warbler ; Blue Yel-
low-backed Warbler ; Usnea Warbler — Compsoth-
lypis americdna usnece Brewster. Common M. and scarce
and local S. R. April 25) May 1 - Oct. 10 (Nov. 19. Wood-
lands, sometimes orchards, and shade-trees, during migra-
tion. Nest in pendulous mass of Usnea lichen, on trees,
usually in swamps. Eggs, May 30 -July 5.

65O. Cape May Warbler— Dendroica tigrina
(Gmelin). Rare M. May 2) 10-25; Aug. 18-Sept. 15 (Oct.
9. Open woodlands.

652. Yellow Warbler ; Yellow-bird ; Summer
Yellow-bird— Dendroica cestiva cestiva (Gmelin). Very
common M. and 8. R. April 23) May 1 - Sept. 30 (Nov. 28.
Orchards and gardens, shade-trees, thickets and bushy
swamps. Nest in tree or bush. Eggs, May 20- June 14.

654. Black- tbroated Blue Warbler— Dendroica
cceruiescens ccerulescens (Gmelin). Common M. and very
rareS. R. (Nest at Sterling, May 28, 1911) May 5) 10-25
(June 3; Aug. 26) Sept. 10 - Oct. 11 (Nov. 3.

655. Myrtle Warbler ; Yellow-rumped War-
bler— Dendroica corondta (Linne*). Very common M.;
scarce S. R. in small numbers in northern part of Worces-
ter Co. (Winchendon, Mt, Wachusett); local but regular W.
R. coastwise (Ipswich and Cape Cod), sometimes inland
occasionally as far as Wellesley, at that season feeding
largely on bay-berries. April 13 - May 30; summer; Aug.
21 - Nov. 26; winter. Open tree-growth; in winter, vicinity
of bayberry thickets.

*656. Audubon's Warbler — Dendroica auduboni
auduboni (J. K. Townsend). Accidental from West. Cam-
bridge, Nov. 15.

657. Magnolia Warbler; Black and Yellow
Warbler— Dendroica magnolia (Wilson). Common M.
May 4) 7-30; Aug. 25) Sept. 10-25 (Oct. 9. Woodlands
generally.

*658. Cerulean Warbler— Dendroica cerulea
(Wilson). Accidental from South. Cohasset.

659. Chestnut-sided Warbler— Dendroica pensyl-
vdnica (Linne). Very common M. and less common S. R.

76 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

April 28) May 2 - Sept. 15 (30. Open woods, thickets and
sprout land. Nest in bushes. Eggs, May 26 - June 17.

660. Bay-breasted Warbler— Dendroica castdnea
(Wilson). Rare M., sometimes common. May 8) 15-28;
(June, July) Aug. 23) Sept. 10 -Oct. 1(8.

661. Black-poll Warbler— Dendroica stridta. (J.
R. Forster). Common M., very common in fall. April
15) May 8 - June 14 ; Aug. ; Sept. 1) 12 - 30( Nov. 7.

662. Blackburnian Warbler— Dendroica fusca
(Miiller). Scarce M. ; rare S. R. May 2) 6-30; summer;
Sept. 7-23 (Oct. 10. Mixed and coniferous woods, espec-
ially of hemlock and white pine. Nest in coniferous tree.
Eggs, June 5 - 26.

*663. Yellow-throated Warbler— Dendroica dom-
inica dominica (Linne). Accidental from South. Nov.
Dedham.

667. Black-throated Green Warbler— Dendroi-
ca virens (Grmelin). Very common M. and S. R. April
30) May 1-Oct. 29 (Nov. 3 White pine groves and wood-
lands. Nest in pine tree. Eggs, May 30 - June 18.

671. Pine Warbler Dendroica vigor si (Audubon).
Common M. and S. R. ; accidental in winter. Mar. 29)
April 7 -Nov. 25 (winter. Pitch pine groves and wood-
lands. Nest in tree. Eggs, May 8- June 16; July.

672. Palm Warbler ; Red-poll Warbler— Den-
droica palmdrum palmarum (Gmelin.) Rare fall M. Sept.
7) 15- Oct. 10 (28; (Dec. 6). See next for haunts.

672a. Yellow Palm Warbler; Yellow Red-
poll— Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Ridgway. Common
spring and scarce fall M. Mar. 28) April 13 - May 6 (21;
Sept. 5) 30 - Oct. 15 (26. Open tree-growth, thickets, edges
of fields, roadsides; much upon the ground.

673. Prairie Warbler— Dendroica discolor (Vieil-
lot). Locally common S. R., chiefly near coast; accidental
in winter on Cape Cod. May 2) 6 -Sept. 25 (Jan.). Dry,
upland bushy fields and sprout lands; often in pastures
with a bushy growth of junipers and barberry bushes.
Nest in bush. Eggs, Mar. 28 - June 18.

674- Oven-bird; Golden-crowned Thrush—
Seiurus aurocapillus (Linne). Very common M. and S. R,
April 30) May 2 -Sept. 27 (Dec. 30). Groves and wood-
lands, largely walking on the ground. Nest on ground,
covered. Eggs, May 17 - June 16; (July 8).

78 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

675. Water-Thrush; Water Wagtail— Seiurus
noveboracensis noveboracensis (Gmelin). Common M. ; rare
and local S. K. April 25) May 2 - June 5; (summer); Aug.
1 - Oct. 16. Walking on the borders of woodland streams,
ponds, and swampy pools. Nest on ground or among tree-
roots. Eggs, May 21.

*676. Louisiana Water-Thrush— Seiurus mota-
cilla (Vieillot). Very rare V. Wellesley, April 13, 1902.

*677. Kentucky Warhler— Oporornis formosus
(Wilson). Accidental V. Wellesley, May 14. 1907. Doubt-
fully reported from Lynn. Undergrowth in swampy woods.

6 78. Connecticut Warbler— Oporornis dgilis dgilis
(Wilson). Rare fall M. (accidental in spring?; (May?) Sept.
7 - Oct. 9. Woodlands and thickets, often on the ground.

679. Mourning' Warbler— Op or or ms Philadelphia
(Wilson). Rare M. May 14) 21 - June 13; Sept. 12 - 30.
Thickets and tangles.

68 1 d. Maryland Yellow-throat— Geothlypis
trichas trichas (Linne). Very common M. and S. R. ; acci-
dental in winter. April 30) May 2 - Oct. 21 (winter).
Swamps, bushy meadows, and springy runs. Nest on or
near ground, Eggs, May 24 - June 17. T

683. Yellow-breasted Chat— Icteria virens virens
(Linne). Rare and local S. R., in certain localities near
coast formerly not uncommon, especially in Essex Co. May
10 - Sept. 10 (Oct. 26, Lynnfield, 1907). Essex, Salem,
Swampscott, Lynn, Melrose, Maiden, Saugus and Brain-
tree. Probably bred in Ipswich the last 3 or 4 summers, —
C. W. T. Damp thickets, tangles of bushes and smilax in
wet runs and edges of swamps. Nest low, 2 - 4ft., in bush.
Eggs, May 18 -June 18.

*684. Hooded Warhler— Wilsonia citrina (Bod-
daert). Rare or accidental S. V. from South. May 8, June
25, Oct. 15.

685. Wilson's Warbler ; Wilson' Black-cap
— Wilsonia pusilla pusilla (Wilson). Scarce M. May 7 -
30; Aug. 23 - Sept. 27 (Nov. 20. Woodland undergrowth,
near streams and in swamps.

686. Canada Warhler— Wilsonia canadensis (Lin-
ne). Common M. and rare and local S. R. May 9 - Sept.
29. Breeds in Essex Co. Swampy woods and thickets.
Nest on or near ground. Eggs, June 9 - 26.

687. Redstart— Setophaga ruticilla (Linne). Very
common M. and S. R. April 23) May 4 - Oct. 12 (Nov. 1.

80 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

Woodlands, orchards, and shade-trees. Nest in tree. Eggs,
May 29 - June 21.

MOTACILT.ID^E. WAGTAILS.

697. Pipit; Titlark — Anthus rubescens (Tunstall),
Common fall M., very scarce in spring; accidental in win-
ter. April 18- May 20 (June 8); (Aug. 29) Sept. 10 - Nov.
24 (winter). Plowed fields, barren grounds, seashores.

MIMID^E. THRASHERS, MOCKINGBIRDS, ETC.

703. Mockingbird — Mimus polyglottos polyglottos
(Linne). Occasional V. at all seasons, and rare S. R.; also
frequent as escapes from captivity. Thickets and tree-
clumps. Nest in bush or tree. June 13 - 20.

704. Catbird — Dumetella carolinensis (Linne*). Very
common S. R. ; accidental in winter. April 13) 29 - Oct. 16
(Dec.). Damp thickets and tangles. Nest in bush or vines.
Eggs, May 22 - June 20.

705. Brown Thrasher ; Brown Thrush; Plant-
ing-bird— Toxostoma rufum (Linns'). Common S. R. and
accidental W. R. April 16) 20 - Oct. 26 (Nov.; winter. Dry
thickets, borders of woods, and sprout-lands. Sings from
tops of trees in spring. Nest low, in bushes or on ground.
Eggs, May 10 - June 21.

TROGLODYTID^E. WRENS. .

718. Carolina Wren— Thryo thorns ludovicidnus
ludovicianus (Latham). Occasional at all seasons and very
rare 8. R. Lynn, July 6, 1878. Essex Co., Feb. - Aug.,
1909 — C. W. T. Dense undergrowth and tangles.

721. House Wren— Troglodytes aedon aedon Vieil-
lot. Scarce and local S. R. ; formerly common. April 24)
May 1 - Oct. 80. Recorded from Ipswich, Hamilton, Lynn-
field, and Saugus. I have met with it in summer at Bel-
niont, Sherborn, and Stow within the last three years. Old
orchards, brush-piles, and out-buildings. Nest in cavity of
tree, bird-box, crevice, or other shelter. Eggs, May 25 -
June 5.

722. Winter Wren — Ndnnus hiemdlis hiemalis
(Vieillot). Scarce M., rare W. R.; very rare S. R. April 4 -
29; summer; Sept. 2 - Nov. 25; winter. Old wood and
brush piles, fallen logs, damp thickets, and bushy nooks.

82 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

724. Short-billed Marsh Wren— Cistothorus stel-
Idris (N"aumann). Kather scarce S. R. except locally
(Hamilton, Saugus, Lynnfield). May 6- Oct. 9. Wet mead-
ows, among grasses and sedges, often in colonies. Nest
spherical, among grass-stems, near ground. Eggs, May
25- June 18; July 7.

725. Long-billed Marsh WrQn—Telmat6dyte*
palustris palustris (Wilson). Locally common S. R.; rare-
ly winters. May 2) 15 - Nov. 30 (winter). Cat-tail swamps
and borders of streams among coarse grasses and sedges,
usually in colonies. Nest of grass, globular, entrance on
side, supported among cat-tails, grass-stems, etc. Eggs,
June 5 - 29 (Aug. 1). Ipswich R. in Topsfleld and Wen-
ham; Fresh Pond marshes in Cambridge; Sudbury R.
meadows in Wayland; Charles R. Broads in Medfield and
Sherborn; etc. Essex Co. is thought to be the northeast-
ern limit of its range.

CEBTHIID^E. CREEPERS.

726. Brown Creeper — Certhia familidris americdna
Bonaparte. Common M. and W. R. ; very rare and local
S. R. in cold swamps (Hamilton, Taunton). Sept. 12 - May
8; summer. Woodlands and groves, climbing tree-trunks
spirally, often in company with chickadees. In breeding
season, cold swamps. Nest on tree-trunk, behind flake of
loose bark. Eggs, May 6 - 23.

SITTID^E. NUTHATCHES.

727. White-breasted Nuthatch— Sitta carolinen-
*is carolinensis Latham. Common M. and less common
W. R., and not uncommon S. R. Trees generally, clamb-
ering about on trunks and larger limbs. Nest in hole in
tree or stump. Eggs, April 3 - May 1.

728. Red-breasted Nuthatch— Sitta canadensis
Linne. Irregular fall and W. V., sometimes abundant;
rare S. R. Aug. 15 - May 20; summer. Tree-growth gen-
erally, conifers by preference. Nest in hole in dead tree.
Eggs, May 18 - June 10.

PARID^E. TITMICE.

735. Chickadee; Black-capped Titmouse—

Penthestes atricapillus (Linne). Very common R., espec-
ially noticeable in winter, Orchards and woodlands. Nest

84 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

excavated in dead trunk, often near water. Eggs, May 4 -
June 25; July.

74O. Hudsonian Chickadee— Penthestes hudsoni-
cus hudsonicus (J. R. Forster). Accidental fall and W. V.
from North. Oct. 18 - April 5 (June). Coniferous forests;
white pine groves.

SYLVIID^E. KINGLETS, GNATCATCHERS, ETC.

748. Golden-crowned Kinglet— Reg ulus sdtrapa
xatrapa Lichtenstein. Common M. and W. R. ; very rare
S. R. Sept. - April; summer. Trees generally, evergreens
especially. Nest in coniferous tree. Eggs, May - June 29.

749. Ruby-crowned Kinglet— Reg ulus calendula
calendula (Linne). Common M., accidental in winter.
April 5 - May 13; Sept. 23 - Nov. 20; (winter). Tree-growth
generally.

751. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher-Po^dp^Za ccerulea
ccerulea (Linne). Accidental V. from South; possibly bred
once near Taunton. Magnolia, West Manchester. Aug. 27 -
Dec. 18.

TURDID^E. THRUSHES, BLUEBIRDS, ETC.

755. Wood Thrush— Hylocichla mustetina (Gmelin).
Common S. R. April 26) May 1 - Sept. 28 (Oct., Nov. 18.
Swampy undergrowth of deciduous woods. Nest in bush
or tree. Eggs, May 25 - June 15 (26).

756. Veery ; Wilson's Thrush— Hylocichla fusces-
cens fuscescens (Stephens). Very common S. R. April 30)
May 4 -Sept. 27 (Oct. 14. Swampy undergrowth. Nest in
shrubbery, on or near ground. Eggs, May 20 - June 30.

*756a. Willow Thrush ; Newfoundland
Thrush — Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola Ridgway. Very
rare M. Lowell.

757. Gray-cheeked Thrush— Hylocichla aticice
alicice (Baird). Scarce M. May 13 - June 3 (18; Sept. 10 -
Oct. 9. Damp woodland undergrowth.

75 7a. BicknelFs Thrush— Hylocichla alicice bick-
nelli Ridgway. Scarce M. May 2 - 30; Sept. 10 - Oct. 25.

758a. Olive-backed Thrush ; Swainson's
Thrush — Hylocichla ustuldta swainsoni (Tschudi). Com-
mon M. May 3 - June 7; Sept. 9 - Oct. 8 (21. Open wood-
lands, thickets, and shrubbery.

86 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

759b. Hermit Thrush— Hylocichla guttdta pdllasi
(Cabanis). Common M.; scarce S. R. locally (Essex, Wor-
cester, Plymouth, Barnstable, and Dukes Cos.); casual in
winter. April 1) 8 - May 5 (11; summer; Sept. 23) Oct. 5 -
Nov. 15 (30. Dry woodland undergrowth. Nest on ground.
Eggs, June 14.

761. Robin — Planesticus migratorius migratorius
(Linne*). Abundant M. and S. R. ; local W. R. on or near
coast. Mar. 8 -Nov. 23; winter. Everywhere, except deep
woods in breeding season. Nest in trees, buildings, some-
times on ground. Eggs, April 25 - July 25 (Oct.).

763. Varied Thrush— Ixoreus ncevius (Gmelin). Ac-
cidental from Pacific Coast. Ipswich, Dec.

765a. Greenland Wheatear — Saxicola cendnthe
leucorhoa (Gmelin). Accidental V., probably as a M.,from
far North. Seen at Pigeon Cove, Sept. 17, 1910, by C. R.
Lamb,— Auk, April, 1912.

766, Bluebird — Sidlia sialis sialis (Linne"). Com-
mon M. and S. R., rare in W. Feb.) Mar. 1 - Nov. 20 (Dec.
Orchards, woodland edges, and trees in open country. Nest
in tree-cavities, bird-boxes, etc. Eggs, April 15 - June 5.

INDEX

Auk, Great, 33
" Little, 34
" Razor-billed, 32

Avocet, American, 225

Baldpate, 137
Beach-bird, 248
Beetle-head, 270
Bittern, 190

American, 190
Least, 191
Blackbird, Crow, 511, 511b

Red-winged, 498
" Rusty, 509
Skunk, 494
Yellow-headed 497
Black-cap, Wilson's, 685
Black-tail, 251
Blue-bill, 148

Little, 149
Bluebird, 766
Bobolink, 494
Bob-white, 289
Booby, 115
Brant, 173a

" Black, 174
" Blue, 173a
" White-bellied, 173a
Brant-bird, 243
Bridge-bird, 456
Buffle-head, 153
Bull-head, 270
Bull-peep, 240, 241
Bunting, Bay- winged, 540

Black- throated, 604
Indigo, 598
Lark, 605
Painted, 601
Snow, 534
Burgomaster, 42
Butcher-bird, 621
Buzzard, Turkey, 325

Calico-bird, 283a
Canary, Wild, 529
Canvas-back, 147, 160
Cardinal, 593

Catbird, 704

Cedar-bird, 619

Chat, Yellow-breasted, 683

Chebec, 467

Chewink, 587

Chickadee, 735

Hudsonian, 740
Chicken, Mother Carey's,

106, 109
Chip-bird, 560
Chuck-will's-widow, 416
Coot, 221

'• American, 221
" Black, 163
" Gray, 166
" White-winged, 165
Cormorant, 119

" Double -crested

120

Cowbird, 495
Crane, 194

" Sandhh,, 206
" Whooping, 204
Creeper, Brown, 726
Crossbill, 521

American Red, 521
" White-winged, 522
Crow, 488

" Fish, 490
Curlew, Eskimo, 266
Hen, 264
Hudsonian, 265
Long-billed, 264
Cuckoo, Black-billed, 388
Yellow-billed, 387

Devil-diver, 3
Dickcissel, 604
Dipper, 6, 153
Diver, Great Northern, 7

" Red-throated, 11
Dough-bird. 266
Dove, [323 -f]

" Mourning, 316

" Rock, [323 + ]
Dovekie, 34
Dowitcher, 231

Long-billed, 232

88

INDEX.

Duck, Black, 133
Dusky, 133
Harlequin, 155
" Gray, 135, 143
Labrador, 156
Lesser Scaup, 149
Long-tailed, 154
Masked, 168
Ring-necked, 150
Ruddy, 167
Scaup, 148
Sea, 160
Summer, 144
" Wood, 144
Dunlin, 243

American, 243a
European, 243

Eagle, Bald, 352
" Golden, 349
" White-headed, 352
Egret, 196

American, 196
" Snowy, 197
Eider, 160

American, 160
" Greenland, 159
" King, 162

Northern, 159

Finch, Grass, 540
Lark, 552

Nelson's Sharp-tailed,
549.1

" Purple, 517
Fire-hang-bird, 507
Flicker, Northern, 412
Flycatcher, Acadian, 465
Alder, 466a
Crested, 452
Green-crested, 465
Least, 467
Olive-sided, 459
Yellow-bellied,463
Frigate-bird, 125
Fulmar, 86

Gadwall, 135
Gallinule, Florida, 219
Purple, 218
Gannet, 117

Booby, 115

Gnatcatcher, Blue-gray, 751
Godwit, Hudsonian, 251

Marbled, 249
GoMen-eye, 151

Barrow's, 152
Goldfinch, 529

European, 534

Goosander, 121)
Goose, Barnacle, 175
" Blue, 170

Canada, 172
" Greater Snow, 169a
Hutchin's, 172a
Lesser Snow, 169
Snow, 169
Solan, 117

White-fronted, 171a
Wild, 172
Goose-bird, 258
Goshawk, 334
Grackle, Bronzed, 511b
Purple, 511
Rusty, 509
Grass-bird, 239

Hill, 262
Gray-back, 234
Grebe, Holboell's, 2
" Horned, 3

Pied-billed, 6
" Red-necked, 2
Green-back, 272
Grosbeak, Blue, 597

Evening, 514
Pine, 515
Rose-breasted, 595
Ground-bird, 540
Grouse, Ruffed, 300
Guillemot, 30

Black, 27

Gull, Bonaparte's, 60
' Burgomaster, 42
' Fork-tailed, 62
' Glaucous, 42
' Gray, 51

" Great Black-backed, 47
1 Herring, 51
1 Ivory, 39
' Iceland, 43
Kumlien's, 45 .
Laughing, 58
" Mackerel, 70
" Ring-billed, 54
' Robber, 37
' Sabine's, 62
" Saddle-backed, 47
" Winter, 40
Gyrfalcon, 354a

Black, 354b
White, 353

Hag, 89

" Black, 95
Hagdon, 89
Hair-bird, 560
Hang-nest, 507
Harrier, 331

INDEX.

89

Hawk, Black, 347a

Broad- winged, 343
Cooper's, 333
" Duck, 358a
" Fish, 364
" Hen, 337, 339
" Marsh, 331
Mouse, 331
Pigeon, 332, 357
Red-shouldered, 339
" Red-tailed, 337

Rough-legged, 347a
Sharp-shinned, 332
Sparrow, 360
" Swainson's, 342
Hen, Fresh-marsh, 208
" Heath, 306
" Meadow, 214
" Salt-marsh, 211
" Water, 212
Hell-diver, 3
Heron, Black-crowned

Night, 202
" Great Blue, 194
Green, 201
Little Blue, 200
Snowy, 197
Yellow- crowned

Night, 203
Humility, 258
Hummingbird, Ruby-throat-,

Ibis, Glossy, 186
" Wood, 188
Ice-bird, 31, 32
Indigo-bird, 598

Jaeger, Long- tailed, 38
" Parasitic, 37
" Pomarine, 36
Jay, Blue, 477

" Canada, 484
Jim-Crow, 326
Junco, 567

Montana, 567f.
Slate-colored, 567

Kestrel, 359.1
Killdeer, 273
Kingbird, 444

Gray, 445

Kingfisher, Belted, 390
Kinglet, Golden-crowned, 748

" Ruby- crowned, 749
Kite, Swallow-tailed 327

" White-tailed, 328
Kittiwake, 40
Knot, 234
Krieker, 239

Lark, Horned, 474

" Prairie Horned, 47 4b

" Shore, 474
Linnet, Brewster's 528 +

Red, 517
Log-cock, 405a
Longspur, Chestnut-collared,

" Lapland, 536
Loon, 7

Black-throated, 9
Red- throated, 11
Lord-and-Lady, 155

Man-o' -war-bird, 128

Marlin, Brown, 249

Marlinspike, 37

Martin, Purple, 611

Meadowlark, 501

Merganser, 129

Hooded, 131
Red-breasted, 130

Mockingbird, 703

Mud-hen, 221

Mud-peep, 242

Murre, 30, 31

" Briinnich's, 31

Nighthawk, 420
Nightingale, Virginia, 593
Noddy, 86 ._

Nuthatch, Red-breasted, 728
White -breasted, 727

Old-squaw, 154
Old-wife, 154
Oriole, Baltimore, 507
Orchard, 506
Osprey, 364
Oven-bird, 674
Owl, Acadian, 372
" Arctic Horned, 375b
" Barn, 365
" Barred, 368

Burrowing, 378

Cat, 366

Great Gray, 370

Great Horned, 375

Hawk, 377a

Hoot, 368, 375

Long-eared, 366

Marsh, 367

Mottled, 373

Pinny, 40

Red, 373

Richardson's, 371

Saw-whet, 372

Screech, 373

Short-eared, 36 <

Snowy, 375b

90

INDEX.

Oyster- catcher, 286

Pale-belly, 272
Paroqueet, 13
Partridge, 300

Canada Spruce,
298o

Peabody-bird, 558
Peep, 242, 246
Pelican, Brown, 126
White, 125
Petrel, Leach's, 106
" Wilson's, 109
Pewee, Bridge, 456

" Wood, 461
Phalarope, Northern, 223
Red, 222
Wilson's, 224
Pheasant, Ring-necked,

[306 + 1
Phoebe, 456

Say's, 457

Pigeon, Domestic, [323 + ]
Passenger, 315
Wild, 315
Pintail, 143
Pipit, 697
Planting-bird, 705
Plover, Beach, 248

Black-bellied, 270
Blue, 234
Chicken, 283a
Golden, 272
Green, 272
Piping, 277
Red-breasted, 234
Semipalmated, 274
Upland, 261
Wilson's, 280
Ptarmigan, Willow, 301
Puffin, 13

Quail, 289

Quail-dove, Blue-headed, 323

Quawk, 202

Rail, Black, 216

Carolina, 214
Clapper, 211
' King, 208
Virginia, 212
Yellow, 215
Raven, Northern, 486a
Red-bird, 593
Redhead, 146
Redpoll, 528

Greater, 528b
Hoary, 527a
Holboell's, 528a

Redstart, 687
Ring-neck, 274

Pale, 277
Robin, 761

Golden, 507
" Ground, 587
Ruff, 260

Sanderling, 248
Sand-peep, 246
Sandpiper, Baird's, 241

Bartramian, 261
Bonaparte's, 240
Buff-breasted,262
Curlew, 244
Least, 242
Pectoral, 239
Purple, 235
Red-backed, 243 a
Semipalmated,

246

Solitary, 256
Spotted, 263
Stilt, 233
Western, 247
Western Semi-
palmated, 247
White -rumped,

240

Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied,402
Scape-grace, 11
Scoter, 163

American, 163
Black, 163
Surf, 166

White-winged, 165
Sea-dove, 34
Sea-hen, 36, 37
Sea-parrot, 13
Sea-pigeon, 27
Shag, 119

Shearwater, Cory's, 88
Greater, 89
Sooty, 95

Sheldrake, Pond, 129
Shoveller, 142
Shrike, Migrant, 622e

Northern, 621
Northern Logger-
head, 622e
Sickle-bill, 264
Siskin, European, 533 +

Pine, 533

Skimmer, Black, 80
Skua, 35
Skunk-bird, 166
Snipe, Red-breasted, 231
Rock, 235
Wilson's, 230
Winter, 235

INDEX.

91

Snow-bird, Black, 567

Snowflake, 534

Sora, 214

Sparrow, Acadian Sharp-
tailed, 549.1a
Brewer's, 562
Chipping, 560
English, [517 + ]
Field, 563
Fox, 585
Grasshopper, 546
Henslow's, 547
House, [517 + ]
Ipswich, 541
Lark, 552
Lincoln's, 583
Nelson's, 549.1
Savannah, 542a
Seaside, 550
Sharp-tailed, 549
Song, 581
Swamp, 584
Tree, 559
Vesper, 540
White - crowned, 554
White -throated, 558
Yellow-winged, 546

Spoonbill, 142

Sprigtail, 143

Stake-driver, 190

Starling, 493

Stilt, Black-necked, 226

Swallow, Bank, 616
Barn, 613
Chimney, 423
Cliff, 612
Eaves, 612
Fork-tailed, 613
Sand, 616
Tree, 614
White-bellied, 614

Swift, Chimney, 423

Swan, Trumpeter, 181
Whistling, 180

Tanager, Louisiana, 607
Scarlet, 608
Summer, 610
Western, 607
Teal, Blue-winged, 140
" European, 138
" Green-winged, 139
Teeter, 263
Tern, Arctic, 71
" Black, 77
" Cabot's, 67

Caspian, 64
" Common, 70

Tern, Forster's, 69
Gull-billed, 63
Least, 74
Marsh, 63
Roseate, 72
Royal, 65
Sooty, 75
Wilson's, 70
Thrasher, Brown, 705
Thrush, Bicknell's, 757a
Brown, 705
Golden-crowned, 674
" Gray-cheeked, 757
Hermit, 759b
Newfoundland, 756a
Olive-backed, 758a
" Swainson's, 758a
Varied, 763
Willow, 756a
Wilson's, 756
Wood, 755
Tinker, 32
Tip-up, 263
Titlark, 697

Titmouse, Black-capped, 735
Towhee, 587
Turkey, Wild, 310a
Turnstone, 283

European, 283
Ruddy, 283 a

Veer y, 756

Vireo, Blue-headed, 629

Philadelphia, 626

Red-eyed, 624

Solitary, 629

Warbling, 627

White-eyed, 631
Yellow- throated, 628

Vulture, Black, 326
Turkey, 325
Wagtail, Waief, 675
Warbler, Audubon's, 656

Bay-breasted, 660
Black and White,

636
Black and Yellow,

657

Blackburnian, 662
Black-poll, 661
Black- throated

Blue, 654
Black- throated,

Green, 667
Blue-winged, 641
Blue Yellow-backed,
648a
Brewster's, 645 —

92

INDEX.

Warbler, Canada, 686

Cape May, 650
Cerulean, 658
Chestnut-sided, 659
Connecticut, 678
Golden -winged, 642
Hooded, 684
Kentucky, 677
Lawrence's, 642 +
Magnolia, 657
Mourning, 679
Myrtle, 655
Nashville, 645
Northern Parula,

648a
Orange -crowned,

646

Palm, 672
Pine, 671
Prairie, 673
Prothonotary, 637
Redpoll, 672
Tennessee, 647
Usnea, 648a
Wilson's, 685
Worm-eating, 639
Yellow 652
Yellow Palm, 672a
Yellow Redpoll, 672a
Yellow-rumped, 655
Yellow-throated, 663
Wheatear, Greenland, 765a
Woodpecker, Arctic Three-
toed, 400
Black-backed
Three-toed, 400
Downy, 394c
Hairy, 393
Golden- winged,
412

Woodpecker, Ladder-
backed, 401
Northern Pile-
ated, 405a
" Pigeon, 412

Red-headed,

406
Red-bellied,

409

Three-toed, 401
Water-Thrush, 675

Louisiana, 676
Water -witch, 6
Wax-wing, Bohemian, 618

Cedar, 619
Whip-poor-will, 417
Whistler, 151
Whitey, 248
Widgeon, 148

American, 137
European, 136
Willet, 258

Western, 258a-
Woodcock, 228

American, 228
Wren, Carolina, 718
" House, 721
" Long-billed Marsh, 725
" Short-billed Marsh, 724
" Winter, 722

Yellow-bird, 529, 652

Summer, 652
Yellow-hammer, 412
Yellow-legs, 255

Greater, 254
" - Lesser, 255
Summer, 255
Winter, 254
Yellow -throat, Maryland,681d

Seasonal Charts

(For explanation see introduction)

No.

Name

Jan

Feb

March

Grebes <
Loons

Auks, Murres
& Puffins. <

Skuas &
Jaegers

Gulls &
Terns

Skimmers

Fulmars,
Shearwaters, .
8t Petrels

Gannets
Cormorants

Ducks, Geese ,
& Swans

1

Holboells Grebe.

3

Horned Grebe

k «

f 7

Pied- Billed Grebe
Loon

-

•

—

n

r '3

Red-throated Loon.
Puffin.

-

-

27

Black Guillemot

31

Brunnichs Murre

LL "

32

^4

Razor-billed Auk.

Dovokie

35

Skua.

36

Pomarine Jaeger

37

Parasitic Jaeger

-

-

, 38

Lon^-Tailed Jaeger

f 40

Kittiwake.

-

42

WIOUWU9- ^Ull

43

Iceland Gull

45

fMMII Iieil5 UUII.

47

Great Black-backed Gull

51

Herring Gull.

54

Ring-billed Gull

?

?

?

58

Laughing Gull

60

Bonaparte's Gull.

-

-

-

-

64

Caspian Tern

,69

Forster's. Tern.

70

Common Tern

-

-

-

-

-

-

-.7!

Arctic Tern.

72

Roseate Tern

74

Least Tern.

i 77

Black Tern.

80

Black' Skimmer

r 86

Fulmar

-

-

-

-

88

Cory's Shearwater.

89

Greater Shearwater

95

Sooty Shearwater *

- -

106

Leach's Petrel

t 109

Wilson's Petrel.

117

Gannet.

-

r 119

Cormorant.

[ 120

Double-crested Cormorant

f 129

Merganser

130

Red-breasted Merganser

131

Hooded Merganser

- -

132

Mallard

-

-

-

-

133

Black Duck

135

Gadwall

—

137

Bald pate

—

139

Green-winged Teal.

140

Blue-winged Teal

L 142

Shoveller

April

May

June

July

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec.

No

Name

Jan

Feb.

Mcrch

Ducks, Geese
& Swans, ;
(continued)

Herons <

Rails, etc 4
Phalaropes.- <

Sandpipers, etc. <

f 143

Pintail

-

144

Wood Duck

-

-

-

-

—

146

Red head

-

-

-

-

147

Canvas- back

-

148

Scaup Duck

-

-

-

-

-

149

Lesser Scaup Duck

-

-

-

-

-

ISO

Ring- necked Duck

-

151

Golden-eye

152

Barrows Golden -eye

153

Buf fie -head

-

-

-

-

154

Old-stjuaw

155

Harlequin Duck

-

-

-

159

Northern Eider

160

Eider

162
163

King Eider
Scoter

165
166

White-winged Scoter
Surf Scoter

167

Ruddy Duck

-

172

Canada Goose

173 a

Brant.

-

-

-

-

I 180

Whistling Swan.

f 190

Bittern

-

19i

Least Bittern

194

Great Blue Heron

-

196

Egret.

201

Green Heron

[ 202

Biack-crowned Night Heron

-

-

-

-

-

- -

1212

Virginia Rail

-

214

Sora

215

Yellow Rail

216

Black Rail

2.9

Florida GaHinule

22.

Coot.

-

-

-

-

n1

f 222

Red Phalarope

-

—

223

Northern Phalarope

f Z28

Woodcock

-

-

-

-

-

230

Wilson's Snipe

-

-

-

-

-

231

Dowitcher

233

Stilt Sandpiper

E34

Knot.

-

-

-

-

-

235

Purple Sandpiper

-

Z39

Pectoral Sandpiper

-

-

240

White-rumped Sandpiper

241

Baird's Sandpiper

242

Least Sandpiper

Z43a

Red-backed Sandpiper

-

Z46

Semipalmated Sandpiper

247

Western Sandpiper,

248

Sander ling.

-

-

-

-

-

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

No.

Name

Jan.

Feb.

March

; Sandpipers, etc. ,
(continued) '

Plovers ,

Turnstones
Grouse <

Pigeons , <

Hawks & ,
Eagles

Ospreys
Owls

Cuckoos <
Kingfishers

( 249

Marbled Godwit.

251

Hudson ian Godwit

254

Greater Yellowlegs.

255

Ye Howlers

256

Solitary Sandpiper

258

Willet.

261

Upland Plover

262

Buff- breasted Sandpiper

263

Spotted Sandpiper

265

Hudsonian Curlew.

{ 266

Eskimo Curlew.

r 270

Black-bellied Plover

272

Golden Plover

273

Killdeer

-

-

-

-

—

274

Semipalmated Plover

( 277

Piping Plover

283 a

Ruddy Turnstone

f 289

Bob-white

300

Ruffed Grouse

306

Heath Hen

l[306r]

Ring-necked Pheasant

f 316

Mourning Dove.

I323tj

Rock Dove.

f 331

Marsh Hawk

-

-

-

-

332

Sharp- shinned Hawk.

-

-

-

-

—

333

Coopers Hawk

334

Goshawk

337

Red-tailed Hawk

339

Red-shouldered Hawk

343

Broad-winged Hawk

347a

Rough -legged Hawk

-

-

-

-

-

349

Golden Eagle

-

-

' -

352

Bald Eagle

3563

Duck Hawk

357

Pigeon Hawk

^ 360

Sparrow Hawk

-

-

-

-

-

364

05 prey

—

r 366

Long-eared Owl.

367
368

Short -eared Owl
Barred Owl

~~

372

Saw -whet Owl

373
375

Screech Owl
Great Horned Owl.

376

f 387

Snowy Owl
Yellow-billed Cuckoo

388

Black-billed Cuckoo.

390

Belted Kingfisher

-

-

-

-

-

^

April

May

June

July

AuS

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec.

No

Name

Jan.

Feb.

March

Woodpeckers

Goatsuckers

Sw.fts
Hummingbirds

Flv catchers

Larks <
Crows & Jays <

Blackbirds
&0rioles

Sparrows,
Finches
& Buntings.

393

Hairy Woodpecker.

394c

Downy Woodpecker

400

Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker

402

Yellow-bellied 5apsucker

406
412

Red- headed Woodpecker
Northern Flicker

-

-

-

t 4f7

Whip-poor-will.

V 420

Night hawk

423

Chimney Swift

428

Ruby -throated Humming bird

f 444

Kingbird

452

Crested Flycatcher

456

Phoebe

-

-

-

—

459

Olive-sided Flycatcher

461

Wood Pewee

463

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher

466a

Alder Flycatcher.

1 467

Least Flycatcher

474

Horned Lark

( 474b

Prairie Horned Lark

-

4/7

Blue Jay

488

Crow

( 494

Bobolink

495

Cow bird

-

-

-

-

438

Red- winged Blackbird

-

-

-

-

-

501

Meadow lark

-

-

-

-

506

Orchard Oriole

507

'Baltimore Oriole

509

Rusty Blackbird

-

-

~

-

511

Purple Crackle

-

-

-

-

-

5ll-b

Bronzed Crackle

-

—

—

-

-

f 5(4

Evening Grosbeak

515

Pine Grosbeak

517

Purple Finch

(517 'tj

House Sparrow

521

Crossbill

522

White-winged Crossbill

-

527a

Hoary Redpoll

-

-

-

-

-

528

Redpoll

5Z8b
529

Greater Redpoll
Goldfinch

533

Pine Siskin

534

Snow Bunting-

536

Lapland Longspun

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

540
541

Vesper Sparrow
Ipswich Sparrow

•

542a

Savannah Sparrow.

546

Grasshopper Sparrow.

547

Hens low's Sparrow

549

Sharp-tailed Sparrow

-

-

—

-

-

^549.1

Nelsons Sparrow.

No.

Name

Jan.

Feb

Ma

Wood Warblers,
(continued)

Pipits.
Thrashers.,

Wren*

Creepers

Nuthatches <
Chickadees
Kmjlets <

Thrushes,

f 673

Prairie Warbler

674

Oven-bird

675

Water- Thrush-

678

Connecticut Warbler

679

Mourning Warbler

681

Maryland Yel/ow-Tftro-it

683

Ye/ low-breasted Chat

685

Wilson's Warbler

686

Canada Warbler.

[ 687

Redstart

697

Plp'.t.

!703

Mockingbird

-

-

704

Catbird

705

Brown Thrasher

718

Carolina Wren.

-

-

721

House Wren

m

Winter Wren

724

Short-billed Marsh Wren.

/2S

Long-billed Marsh Wren

726

Brown Creeper

/2S

White-breasted Nuthatch

( X28

735

Red- breasted Nuthatch.
Chickadee

—

—

-

—

—

—

— —

\ 749

Ruby-crowned Kinglet.

755

Wood Thrush

/56

Veery

/66a

willow Thrush.

/57

Gray-cheeked Thrush

/5/a

BicKnells Thrush

/58a

Olive-backed Tnrush.

/59b

Hermit Thrush

76 /

Robin-

-

•j

-

—

-

-

/66

Bluebird

—

pril

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec.

of the biyde — WOLQGT
Df eastern Mass. UBRAR*

- 239447 c

^RARY