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THE

POMOLOGICAL MAGAZINE;

OR,

FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS

MOST IMPORTANT

VARIETIES OF FRUIT

CULTIVATED IN

GREAT BRITAIN.

VOL. III.

LONDON:
JAMES RIDGWAY, PICCADILLY.

M.DCCC.XXX.

vol. '6

LONDON:

.T. MOVES, TOOk's VDVttT, ClIANCIRy I.AM.

PREFACE

THE THIRD VOLUME.

This Work was originally commenced by two
Officers of the Hortiqultural Society, in the
hope of protecting the public, by means of
accurate figures and descriptions, from the evil
of making injudicious selections of Fruit-trees
when planting Gardens ; and of enabling pur-
chasers to judge, when their trees arrived at
a bearing state, whether the varieties that had
been sold them were genuine or not. It was
also anticipated that, during its progress, some
advance might be made towards settling the
confused nomenclature of at least the more
valuable Fruits in cultivation. It is hoped that
all these objects have hitherto been effected
in no inconsiderable degree, and that a conti-
nuation of the Work, upon its present plan,
would, in the end, have been of much perma-
nent service.

Various causes have, however, induced that
one of the Editors, upon whom at all times the

IV PREFACE.

greater part, and latterly the whole, of the
labour of conducting the Work has fallen, to
suspend it for the present, with the Third
\'olume, and the 152d Plate; with the inten-
tion, however, of resuming it whenever circum-
stances shall justify his doing so. In the
meanwhile he feels that he should ill dis-
charge the duty he owes to those friends of
Horticulture, who have supported the under-
taking, if he did not endeavour to render it,
in its present state, as useful as the nature
of it will admit ; an object which he is led
to believe cannot be more effectually accom-
plished than by introducing lists of such
Fruit - trees as can best be recommended in
planting a select Garden. In preparing
them, a few notes, as to the period of ma-
turity of the varieties, and other useful points,
have been added, with references to the Plates
where they are figured in this Work : the
latter are indicated by the figures.

The difhculty of determining which to
plant of the many Fruit-trees contained in
every Nurseryman's Catalogue, and which to
reject, is notoriously so great, and is so gene-
rally felt, as to render it perfectly unnecessary
to dwell upon this point ; or if it were not,
it would become obvious from an inspection
of the Catalogue of Fruits pu})lished ])y the

PREFACE. V

Horticultural Society, in 1820 ; in which
there is an enumeration of no fewer than
three thousand varieties, to which a thousand
or fifteen hundred more might easily be
added. Of this mass, two-thirds are probably
unworthy of cultivation ; and of the remainder,
not more than a quarter can really be con-
sidered first-rate varieties. But among those
of second-rate merit are many useful kinds,
the cultivation of which is important, with a
view to profit or culinary purposes, and which
might, with propriety, be admitted into an ex-
tensive collection. The following lists, how-
ever, are only formed for select Gardens, and
consequently all doubtful or second-rate va-
rieties are excluded. It will be found that
a great many common varieties are also omit-
ted : this has been always done advisedly,
and because newly-raised kinds ought to dis-
place them. For instance, among Cherries,
not a single " Heart" is quoted, because the
Elton of Mr. Knight is much superior to them
all.

It is possible that persons in trade may say
that varieties have been introduced which are
inferior to others more commonly cultivated
for sale, and even that many are not to be
procured. To enter into separate arguments
upon all such questions, would be equally

VI PKF.I ACK.

useless and unsatisfactory. In making the
selection, no other object has been had in
view than the public service ; it is founded
upon the experience, not only of the Editor,
but of the most competent judges of Fruit
in this country ; and it will be for the public
to decide in whom they will place their con-
fidence. It may only be observed, that a Nur-
seryman not possessing a variety, is no proof
that it is undeserving the character that may
be given of it, although it may be an evidence
of his own want of enterprise ; and further,
that no sort whatever is mentioned in the
following lists which it is not in the power
of any person to procure, with proper inquiry.

In conclusion, while the Editor, in taking
leave of his readers for the present, thanks them
sincerely for the interest they have shewn in
the undertaking, he begs them not to ascribe
any merit the Work may possess, either to him-
self or to the Gentleman formerly associated
with him in the publication ; but that they
will understand, that all claims it may possess
upon the public favour belong to Mr. Robert
Thompson, the Superintendent of the Fruit
Department in the Garden of the Horticul-
tural Society, to whom all that is most valuable
in it is wholly due.

INDEX

THK THIRD VOLUME.

N.B. — Tlie names in Italics are either synonyms, or only referred to-

APPLES.

Adams's Pearmain 133

Bowyer's Russet 121 •

Brickley Seedling 124

Calville (T Angleterre 140

Cobbett's Fall 110

Cockle Pippin r. 136

Cole 104

Concombre Aiicien 110

Concombre des Chartreux 145

Cornish Gilliflower 140

Cornish Jidyflower ib.

Doumton 113

Downton Pippin ib.

Early Crofton 100

Elton Golden Pippin 113

Elton Pippin ib.

D''Espaffne 110

Fall Pippin ib.

Formosa Pippin 141

Franklin's Golden Pippin 137

Glory of York 141

Gravenstein 98

Hampshire Yellow 117

Hughes's Golden Pippin 132

Huyhes^s New Golden Pippin ... ib.

Irish Peach 100

Irish Russet 130

Julyflou'er 140

Kerry Pippin 107

King of the Pippins 117

KniyhCs Pippin 113

Kniyhfs Golden Pippin ib.

Large Fall 110

Leathercoat 125

Lucombe's Seedling 109

Matchless 144

Newtown Spitzenberg ib.

Norfolk Pippin 133

Nutmeg Cockle Pippin 136

Nutmeg Pippiti ib.

Padley's Pippin 151

Parmain d''Etc 116

Pomme dc Saint J alien 145

De lialteau 110

Red Astrachau 123

Reinette Blanche d'' Espagne 110

Aechte grauwe Franzo-

sische 152

d'' Espagne 110

I de Canada Grise 125

! Franche Gramve 152

Gray French ib.

Grise ib.

Grise Fran faise ib.

Royal Russet 125

Ribston Pippin 141

Royal Pearmain 116

Saint Julian 145

Sam Young 130

Scarlet Perfume ... 104

Seigneur d^Orsay 145

Sudlow's Fall Pippin 137

Summer Pearmain 116

Traver's Apple 141

White Cockle 136

APRICOTS.

Abricotde Hollands 146

deSt. Jean 142

Rouge ib.

Gros d''Alexandrie ib.

Gros Prtcoce ib.

Amande Aveline 146

Ananas Apricose ib.

Breda , ib.

Bredaische Apricose ib.

Brussels ib.

Die Grosse Friih Apricose 1 42

Hollandische Apricose 146

Hasselnussmandel ib.

Large Early 142

Orange Apricose 146

Royal Persian ib.

CHERRIES.

Black Eagle 127

Downton 138

Waterloo 115

INDEX.

GRAPES.

Horsforth Seedling 149

Rhodes^s ib.

PEACHES.

Barrington 147

Buck ill (J ham Mignonne ib.

George the Fourth 105

Lockyer's JMipnonne 119

Madeleine Iiou(/e a petites fleurs ib.

Alilletfs Mignontie 119

Red Magdalen ib.

Royal George ib.

Spring Grove .^ 97

PEARS.

Aston Town 1.S9

Aiitumyi Bergamot J20

Beau Present 108

Bein Armudi 143

La Belle de Flandres 128

Belle et Bonne 118

Beurrt 114

Beurrc Blanc de Jersey 143

Beurre, Brown 114

Beurre Diel 131

Beurrt Dori 114

Beurri Oris ib.

Beurre, Golden ib.

Beurre Rouge ib.

Beurre Royale 131

Beurrt d'Velle ib.

Bezy de la Motte 143

Bonne de Malines 12C

La Bonne Malinoise ib.

Bouche Nouvelle 128

Brilliant il).

Common Bcrgamot 120

Doroth(e Royale 131

Early Bergamot 101

English Bergamot 120

Epargne 108

Epined'Ete 102

Epinc Rose ib.

Flemish Beauty 128

Fondante de Bois ib,

Fondunle 100'

Forelle 112

Forellen-birne ib.

Francrcal d' Eti 106

Grosse Cuisse Madame 108

Grosse Micet d'Ete 106

Imperalrice de la France 128

Jargonelle 108

Marie Louise 122

Neilisd'Hiver 126

Poire de Melon 131

d'Ognon 102

de Rose ib.

des Tables des Princes 108

Trtiite 112

Rosenbirne 102

Saint Lambert 108

Saint Samson ib.

Schone und Gute 118

Summer Francreal 106

Summer Rose 102

Winter Neilis 126

York Bergamot 120

PINE APPLES.

Ripley 134

Old Ripley ib.

PLUMS.

Black Damask 103

Black Morocco ib.

Caledonian 148

Die Violette K'migen Claudie 129

Early Black Damask 103

Early Damask ib.

HovDell's Large 148

Isabella 150

Kirke's Ill

Lucombe's Nonsuch 99

Morocco 103

Nectarine 148

Prune Peche . ih.

Purple Gage 129^

Reine Claude Violette ib.

STRAWBERRY.
Eltou Seedling 135

LONDON:

J. .MtlYES, TOOK'e COURT, CHA VCEKV LANK.

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97

THE SPRING-GROVE PEACH.

Spring Grove. Hort. Soc. IVans. vol. ii. p. 214. Fruit Cat.
156.

This was raised by Mr. Knight, from Neil's
Early Purple and the pollen of the Red Nutmeg,
the former having crenated leaves, with globose
glands and large flowers ; and the latter having
crenated leaves, with reniform glands and large
flowers: in these respects this agrees with its fe-
male parent.

It ripens about the end of August ; and differs
from the Grosse Mignonne, and Neil's Early Purple,
in being much rounder than they are.

A very good early variety ; its fruit is not quite
so large as that of some others, but it is remark-
ably handsome and w^ell-flavoured.

Flowers pale blush, the centre purplish red.

Fruit middle-sized, globular, broadest at the
base, with a very shallow suture ; bright crimson
on the sunny side, greenish yellow on the other.
Flesh whitish to the stone, from which it parts
freely, very juicy, rich, and high-flavoured.

voL> in.

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98

THE GRAVENSTEIN APPLE.

Gravenstein. Hort. Soc. Trans, vol. iv. pp. 216 and 523.
Fruit Cat. 406.

The name of this Apple is stated to be derived
from its having been originally found in the Garden
of a castle called Grafenstein, but w^hether that
in Sleswick, or another in Holstein, is disputed ;
to either it is said to have been introduced from
Italy.

But it appears to us extremely doubtful whether
the kind called the Gravenstein in England is the
same variety as the Grafensteiner of Hirschfeld,
Christ, and Mayer ; for which reason their synonyms
are not quoted. They all call it a Calville, and
the latter expressly says that it is the same as the
Calville Blanche d'hiver; with which our variety
has nothing to do. » ^

Be this as it may, what the English call the
Gravenstein is an Apple of great merit, and one
which should be found in all good Gardens. It is
a hardy tree, bearing as a standard, but becoming-
much improved if grown upon a wall. Its flavour
is very high and grateful : but its great merit is as
a kitchen Apple, as which it is considered to have
no equal.

It ripens in October, and will keep till De-
cember.

Wood strong, spreading, brown purplish red,

sprinkled with a very few whitish dots, having a
small number of hairs.

Leaves rather large, ovate, somewhat cordate
at the base, acuminate, serrated ; the upper surface
deep glossy green. Petioles nearly an inch long.
Stipules broad.

Flo AVERS appearing early, pale, very large.

Frlit large, broadest at the base, generally
flattened, sometimes rather oblong, with angles
which terminate at the eye in deep folds. Stalk
short, rather thick, inserted in a middle-sized cavity.
Skin smooth, yellowish green, with some streaks
and mottles of red, of different hues, on the sunny
side. Flesh crisp, tender, juicy, and very rich.

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99

LUCOMBE'S NONSUCH PLUM.

This valuable variety has been lately raised from
seed by Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co. of
Exeter, by whom we were favoured with the spe-
cimen now represented.

It is undoubtedly the nearest approach that has
yet been made on the part of a Seedling to the
famous Green Gage of the English, or Reine Claude
of the French ; and although it cannot be said to
equal, in all respects, that celebrated variety, it is
nevertheless entitled to a character of very high
excellence.

It bears well as a standard, is remarkably hand-
some, as it were variegated with dull yellow and
orange, and larger than the Green Gage usually is.
We consider it an important acquisition to our
varieties of Plums.

Ripens about the end of August.

Wood very like that of the Green Gage, strong,
short -jointed, smooth, brown, sprinkled in some
places with a brownish epidermis.

Leaves middle-sized, ovate, or broadly oval,
acuminate, doubly crenated, quite smooth on the
upper surface. Petioles strong, about an inch in
length.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals roundish ob-
long, somewhat concave at the top.

Fruit extremely like a Green Gage Plum in
colour, but more streaked with yellow, covered with

a fine glaucous bloom ; generally compressed in the
direction of its suture, which is the reverse of the
usual mode of compression in stone fruit. Stone
adhering firmly to the flesh, ovate, not very uneven.
Flesh firm, juicy, of the colour and consistence of a
Green Gage Plum. Flavour between that and an
Orleans ; better than the latter, but perhaps not so
good as the former when in its highest perfection.

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100

THE IRISH PEACH APPLE.

Irish Peach Apple. Hort. Hoc. Fruit Cat. no. 740.
Early Crofton. Hort. Trans, vol. Hi. pp. 321 and 453.
Fruit Cat. 226.

This Apple is highly esteemed by those who are
acquainted with it, especially in Ireland, where it
is much cultivated, both under the name here
adopted, and under that of the Early Crofton. It
must not, however, be confounded with the Early
White Crofton, which is a distinct variety.

It has in this unfavourable season obtained the
prize for excellence at some of the Irish Horti-
cultural exhibitions, and no doubt deservedly. We
have ourselves found it less affected in quality
this year than many others.

It is perfectly hardy, flowers early, bears well as
a standard, and may be considered among the best
table Apples of August.

Wood moderately strong, violet brown, with a
thin silvery coating.

Leaves ovate, somewhat cordate at the base,
irregularly serrated. Petiole middle-sized. Sti-
pules lanceolate. Petals ovate, obtuse.

Fruit middle-sized, depressed, globular, ob-
tusely angular. Eye nearly closed by the segments
of the calyx. Stalk short, not deeply inserted.
Skin marked with brownish red, intermixed with
some streaks of deeper red; the shaded side yel-

lowish green, set with small brown dots. Flesh
white, tender, juicy, rich, and very high-flavoured.

We are indebted to John Darby, Esq. of Ad-
discombe, and Mr. Robertson of Kilkenny, for its
introduction into this country.

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101

THE EARLY BERGAMOT PEAR.

Among a collection of Pear-trees sent in 1820
by the late M. Thouin to the Horticultural Society,
was a sort called De Hucliet, which, upon fruiting
in the Chiswick Garden, proved to be the kind now
figured. But Mr. Thompson has ji\stly remarked,
that this cannot possibly be the Poire de Huchet,
although no description of that kind is upon record ;
and for the following reasons : — In the first place,
the name, which signifies a post-boy's horn, is
entirely at variance with the form of this ; and
secondly, it is almost certain that the De Huchet is
a Perry Pear, and not a table variety ; for it is so con-
sidered by M. Thouin, in the list which accompanied
the collection sent to the Horticultural Society in
1820, and it is mentioned by Mayer as forming a
part of the treatise of the Marquis de Chambray,
of which, it appears from the list of gardening books
quoted in the Pomona Franconica, the title is " L'Art
de cultiver les Pommiers et les Poiriers, et de faire
du Cidre selon I'usage de Normandie, par le M. de
Chambray. Paris, 1765."

That this is not the Pear under the name of
which it was sent, appears therefore to be certain.
It is equally clear that it is unlike any kind culti-
vated in this country. About the period when it
ripens we have none that are half as good. It is a
most excellent variety of its season, and well worth
growing.

VOL. III. c

It ripens in the end of August and beginning of
September, and bears most abundantly as an open
standard.

Wood strong, yellowish green on the shaded
side, fchestnut-coloured next the sun, sprinkled with
whitish spots.

Leaves moderately large, broadly ovate, taper-
ing to the point, with sharp serratures ; scarcely
downy on either side. Petioles about an inch
long. Stipules long, linear.

Flowers very large, with roundish petals.

Fruit middle-sized, roundish, flattened, depres-
sed at the eye, towards which end of the fruit it is
slightly angular. Stalk about an inch and a quarter
long, moderately thick, inserted in a shallow cavity.
Skix green, with a tinge of yellow when fit for
use ; with a few faint streaks of brownish red on the
sunny side. Flesh yellowish white, very juicy, a
little crisp and gritty, but very rich and sugary.

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102

THE SUMMER ROSE PEAR.

Epine Rose \ Duhamel, Arh. Fr. vol. ii. p. 176. Nois.
Poire de Rose > Jard. Fr. p. 110. t. 44. Hort. Cat. no. 262.
Rosenbime . . . ^

Epine Rose ••• > Kraft. Pom. Austr. vol. i. p. 38. t. 84.
Poire de Rose j

-^ . !° , i of some Collections, but not of Duhamel.

Epine d'ete . . 3 -^ -^

The French Gardeners have a class of Pears
which they call Cailleau.v, in consequence of the
resemblance their speckled appearance gives them
to the caille, or quail. To this class belongs the
subject of the present article, which is even, as Du-
hamel informs us, sometimes called the Cailleau
Rosat, — a name, however, which belongs of right to
another variety, ripening in the end of September.

There is no doubt about the synonyms above
quoted; but it is necessary to remark, that this
is not the Epine Rose, or Rosendorne of Mayer's
Pomona Franconica, t. 22, which, as Mr. Thompson
has justly pointed out, is a long fruit, although that
writer quotes Duhamel's synonym without scruple.

We have not adopted the name of Onion-shaped
Pear, which would have been a more expressive
name, because the French apply that term both to
Pears having the peculiar flattened figure of this,
and to others which grow in such clusters upon the
branches that the latter resemble a string of onions.

The figure of this is that of an Apple rather than
of a Pear ; and Noisette remarks, that it is so in a
greater degree than any Pear he knows.

A most excellent and beautiful variety ; not, in-
deed, to be compared with the Jargonelle, with
which it ripens, but greatly superior to any of the
kinds commonly cultivated which are in eating at
the same time. It bears well as a standard. In
perfection from the 10th to the end of August.

Wood weak, deep chestnut-red, with distinct,
pale, yellowish-brown spots.

Leaves heart-shaped, ovate, nearly flat, shining,
deep green, very slightly toothed. Petioles about
an inch long.

Floavers early. Petals roundish ovate.

Fruit depressed, middle-sized, with a slender
stalk, upwards of an inch long, inserted in a small
roundish hollow. Eye open, placed in a shallow
depression. Skin inclining to yellow, speckled with
russet ; on the sunny side bright rich red, intermixed
with brown spots. Flesh white, juicy, rich, and
sugary.

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103

THE MOROCCO PLUM.

Early Black |Damask, commonly called the Morocco Plum.

Langley, t. 20. f. 3. Forsyth, p. 15.
Morocco. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 175.
Black Morocco "1

Black Damask V of various Collections.
Early Damask J

This is one of the very best of our early Plums,
and has long been an inhabitant of our Gardens. In
the time of Langley it was evidently common and
well known. It is not, however, so much culti-
vated now as formerly, for which reason a figure
of it is here given, in order that it may not be en-
tirely lost sight of.

It is very hardy, bears well as a standard, and
ripens fully a month before the Orleans, coming
in at the beginning of August. The juice is un-
usually rich.

Wood downy.

Leaves middle-sized, bluntly serrated, rather
light green, shining on the upper surface. Stalks
from half an inch to an inch long, with globose
glands.

Flowers large.

Fruit middle-sized, roundish, its suture mode-
rately depressed along one side ; the Apex a little
flattened; the Stalk thick, scarcely half an inch

long. Skin deep blackish purple, covered with a
light blue bloom. Flesh greenish yellow, slightly
adhering to the stone, juicy, rich, and high-flavoured.
Stone middle-sized, oval, compressed.

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104

THE COLE APPLE.

Cole Apple. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 190.
Scarlet Perfume Apple, of some Collections.

A very excellent Autumn Apple, in perfection
about the end of August, remarkable for the sin-
gular beauty of both its flowers and fruit. The
former are large, and of a deep rosy red, marbled
with white ; the latter is of a rich, sanguine colour.

Its history is not known. It first made its ap-
pearance in the neighbourhood of London under
the name of the Cole Apple ; it was afterwards
called the Cole's, or Scarlet Perfumed Apple ; and
latterly that of the Scarlet Perfume has been given
to it, under which it has been occasionally noticed
in print, and frequently exhibited by Mr. Gibbs, of
the Brompton Nursery, at the meetings of the Hor-
ticultural Society.

The first name is retained here, in order that its
origin may not be lost sight of.

Although this ripens at the end of August, at
which time it is in perfection, yet it will keep sound
till December, at the expense, however, of all its
delicate colouring, and of the best part of its flavour.
A very hardy, healthy variety ; but better adapted
for dwarfs than for standards.

Wood strong, reddish chestnut-coloured, downy,
sprinkled with a few roundish, pale-brown spots.

Leaves large, broadly oval, tapering suddenly
to the point, deeply and doubly serrated. Petioles
strong, about an inch loii^/ Stipules foliaceous.

Flowers early, very large, with roundish, cor-
date, much imbricated petals.

Fruit large, angular in a slight degree, with a
wide eye, which is often closed up by the segments
of the calyx. Skin deeply stained, and streaked
with rich crimson, slightly russety, with a small
portion of green shewing through. Stalk woolly.
Flesh white, firm, juicy, sweet, and acid; a little
perfumed, exceedingly rich and agreeable.

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105

THE GEORGE THE FOURTH PEACH.

George the Fourth. Floy in the Trans. Hort. Soc. vol. vi.
p. 413.

An American variety, of considerable import-
ance, not so much for its good quality as a hardy
kind, as for being a forcing Peach of great merit.

Mr. Floy gives the follow^ing account of it in
the Transactions of the Horticultural Society : —
" This is^one of the finest Peaches I have seen,
and the richest I have tasted : it originated in the
garden of Mr. Gill, in Broad Street, in this city.
Captain Hamilton, who lives in the house adjoining,
recommended it to my notice. This is the second
year of its fruiting, and the first of my knowing it.
I have given it the name as above : every one that
has seen it has pronounced it the finest of Peaches :
it is ripe the latter end of August. The original
tree is remarkably thrifty, and bore a very full crop
this season."

With us it is a vigorous-growing kind, extremely
healthy, and ripening its fruit about the middle
of September : it is between a Clingstone and a
Melter.

Leaves large, acutely crenated, with small
globose glands.

Flowers small, dull red.

Fruit middle-sized, globular, deeply lobed at

vol. III. D

the summit, with a deep cavity for the footstalk,
projecting more on one side of the suture than on
the other. Skin moderately downy, of a uniform
dark red next the sun, and of a fine pale yellow on
the shaded part, mottled with bright red at the
junction of the colours. Flesh pale yellow, rayed
with red at the stone, from which it parts freely.
Stone very small, bluntly oval, not particularly
rugged. Flavour good when upon an open wall,
excellent when forced.

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lOG

THE SUMMER FRANCREAL PEAR.

Francreal d'ete. DieVs Pomol. vol. Hi. p. 245. Hort. Soc.

Cat. no. 282.
Fondante. Knoop Pomol. f. 93. lab. 3.
Gros Micet d'ete, of some French Gardens,

This valuable variety is particularly useful in this
country, where we have nothing of high quality to
succeed the Jargonelle. It is destitute of the hard-
ness of the Bonchr6tien, and of the muskiness of
many French Pears of its season.

It is a very hardy, healthy, free-growing tree,
and a great bearer ; ripening in the middle of Sep-
tember.

There can be no doubt of its being the Fondante
or Franze Canned Pear of Knoop ; but that author
is altogether wrong in quoting as a synonym the
Inconnu Cheneau, or Fondante de Brest Pear of
Duhamel, which is quite another kind.

Writers are not agreed about the meaning of the
word Francreal; Mdijer (Pom. Franc, vol.iii. p. 321,
no. 146) seems to think it means Royal Pear ; but
Diel, in his Pomology (vol. iii. p. 2 45), suggests its
having been derived from a kind of Spanish gold
coin called a real, which resembles it in colour.

Wood greenish-yellow, brown, sprinkled with
a few pale-brown spots.

Leaves large, ovate, somewhat cordate, acu-
minate, almost entire at the margin ; when young,
very woolly. Petioles upwards of an inch long,
rather slender. Stipules long, linear.

Flowers small. Petals roundish, with a long
claw.

Fruit rather large, turbinate, thickest about
two-thirds from the stalk, diminishing a little to
the eye, which is moderately depressed, and partly
opened. Stalk short and thick. Skin green,
nearly smooth, becoming pale yellowish-green after
the fruit has been gathered some time and is fit for
use. Flesh white, firm, juicy, becoming buttery
and melting, rich and excellent.

'w**

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107

THE KERRY PIPPIN APPLE.

Kerry Pippin. Robertson in the Trans. Hort. Soc. vol. in.
p. 452. Hort. Soc. Cat. no. 515.

An excellent Autumn fruit, of Irish origin, but
now commonly seen in the London markets. It is
scarcely rivalled, in its season, for high flavour, rich-
ness, and beauty.

It is hardy, a great bearer, ripens in September,
and keeps till October.

Mr. Robertson, of Kilkenny, describes the tree
as broom- headed ; the young shoots erect, of a
greenish-brown, full of spurs, downy at the extre-
mities. But Mr. Thompson does not find the
** young shoots full of spurs," this being chiefly a
character of varieties of the Codlin tribe.

Young Wood moderately strong, spreading, or
somewhat erect, chestnut-coloured when bare, but
mostly covered with a silvery epidermis, and towards
the extremities with a dull-gray pubescence ; the
whole thinly sprinkled with whitish spots.

Leaves middle-sized, ovate, acuminate, doubly,
but not deeply nor sharply serrated. Petioles
rather slender, about an inch in length, very woolly.

Flqwers middle-sized. Petals roundish-ovate,
cordate at the base, and imbricated.

Fruit handsome, middle-sized, oval, flattened
at the eye, round which are small regular plaits.

Stalk short, sometimes thickened and fleshy, in-
serted in a contracted cavity, with a projection of
the fruit on one side. One or more sharp ridges or
lines are ahnost always distinguishable from the
eye to the stalk. Skin pale straw-colour, streaked
and washed with red, smooth and polished. Flesh
yellow, crisp, tender, juicy, sugary, and high-
flavoured.

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108

THE JARGONELLE PEAR.

Jargonelle of most English Writers, hut not of Miller. Hort.

Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 353.
Epargne. Hort. Cat. no. 256.
Grosse Cuisse Madame ..

Beau Present

Saint Lambert

Saint Samson

Poire des Tables des Princes J

of French Writers and Gar-
deners.

Every body knows the Jargonelle, the queen of
Autumn Pears, unequalled in flavour, and un-
rivalled in productiveness by any of its season.
We can have little to say upon it which will be
either new or interesting.

Its name is derived, according to Manage and
Duchat, from Jargon, anciently Gergon, in Italian
Gergo, in Spanish Gericonga, all corruptions of
Grcecum ; whence Merlet infers, that the Jargonelle
was the Pyrum Tarentinum of Cato and Columella,
the Numidianum Gracum of Pliny, and the Gr(E-
culum of Macrobius. If this conjecture be well
founded, the kind to which the name belongs will
be one of the most ancient in cultivation.

To this country it was certainly brought from
France, of which there is abundant evidence. The
Jargonelle of the French is, however, not ours, but
an inferior kind, green on one side and red on
the other. They call ours the Grosse Cuisse Ma-
dame, distinguishing it from the common Cuisse

Madame, which is our Windsor. How this, or any
other variety, became possessed of so singular an
appellation, it is difficult to say : Mayer tells a
long story of its origin, which is not much to the
purpose ; and Manger relates an anecdote about
Prince Eugene and one of his officers who did not
know that Dameschenkel was a Pear, which is
worth looking at.

In Scotland, the Jargonelle is cultivated on
walls, as far north as Pears will grow.

Tree of a straggling, creeping habit.

Wood yellowish-green in the shade, reddish
when exposed.

Leaves rather large, woolly when young, ovate,
acuminate, finely and doubly serrated*. Petioles
on the young shoots about an inch long. Stipules
linear.

Flowers early, very large.

Fruit large, oblong, with a long stalk, gene-
rally a little bent. Eye open, with long projecting
segments of the calyx. Skin greenish-yellow on
the shaded side, with a tinge of brownish-red when
exposed. Flesh yellowish white, very juicy and
melting, with a peculiarly rich, agreeable flavour;
round the core it is rather gritty, and more so if
grafted on the Quince.

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109

LUCOMBE'S SEEDLING APPLE.

Lucombe's Seedling. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 575.

A fine variety, raised, we presume from its name,
by the Messrs. Lucombes, of Exeter, so well known
as successful cultivators both of fruit and forest
trees. It has been in the Gardens near London for
several years.

It is chiefly valuable as a kitchen Apple, being
scarcely small enough, or sufficiently high-flavoured,
for the table. It is, however, so handsome, and so
great a bearer, that it must be particularly useful to
those who grow fruit for the market.

Ripens in October, and will keep through the
winter.

Wood erect, reddish chestnut, with a tinge of
russet, sprinkled with numerous pale-brown dots,
and covered towards the extremities with a hoary
pubescence.

Leaves middle-sized, oval, pointed, crenated.
Petioles long, erect, rather slender. Stipules
long, linear.

Flowers small. Petals blunt.

Fruit large, roundish, slightly angular, con-
tracted at the eye, which is small and surrounded
with minute plaits. Stalk short, thick, in a mode-
rately deep cavity. Skin smooth, green, covered

VOL. III. E

on the sunny side with minute dots, spots, and
large dashes of red, among which are intermixed
a considerable number of palish speckles. Flesh
whitish, firm, juicy, and agreeable, but not high
flavoured.

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110

THE WHITE SPANISH REINETTE.

— ♦ —

Reinette Blanche d'Espagne. Mayer's Pomona, vol. Hi. ;

and of other Continental Writers. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat.

no. 864.

Reinette d'Espagne 1

D'Espagne , . r< -^ i

> of various Jt or eign (jrar dens.
xjQ rtatteau ••.••••

Concombre ancien. . J

Fall Pippin "]

Cobbett's Fall > of the English and Americans.

Large Fall J

This extremely valuable variety is little known
in this country, but is in high estimation abroad.
It is said to be the national Apple of Spain, where
it is called Camuesar, and where it has been known
from the highest antiquity. In America it appears to
be called the Fall Pippin, — a name, however, which
is applied to more sorts than one. In this country
it is known both by the name of the Fall Pippin,
by which it has been sold by Mr. Cobbett, and
also by the erroneous appellation of the Newtown
Pippin, and is, in fact, a very close approach to
that rare and highly- prized variety.

In quality it stands in the first class ; its firm,
rich, high-flavoured flesh, its beauty, and its capa-
bility of keeping, being scarcely exceeded. Its
principal defect is its gigantic size ; specimens have
been ripened equal to the coarsest and largest
kitchen Apples in cultivation. At the period of

writing these notes (Jan. 20, 1830), we have speci-
mens before us not only perfectly sound and in
great perfection, but with every appearance of keep-
ing a month or six weeks longer.

There is no record of the period at which it
was brought to England. From fruit exhibited to
the Horticultural Society in 1829, by John Darby,
Esq. it appears that very ancient trees of it exist in
Sussex.

It must not be confounded with the Holland
Pippin, by which name it is called in America, and
which has considerable resemblance to it. That
variety, however, is distinct.

A free and abundant bearer, but more adapted
for a dwarf than a standard, on account of the large
size of the fruit, which is apt to be blown off by
high winds. It ripens in November, when it is
excellent; but its good qualities are scarcely im-
paired before the middle of February.

Old Wood blackish ; young dark chestnut,
rather downy, with few spots.

Leaves large, ovate, cordate at the base, con-
cave, sharply and coarsely serrated. Petioles an
inch or more long, moderately strong. Stipules
lanceolate.

Fruit very large, roundish oblong, the sides
slightly angular. Eye large, open, very deep, placed
in an open cavity. Stalk half an inch or an
inch long, of moderate thickness, placed in a rather
small, evenly-formed hollow. Skin smooth, yel-
lowish-green on the shaded side, becoming clear
pale yellow ; brownish-red next the sun, sprinkled
with blackish dots. Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender,
with a very rich sugary juice.

///

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Ill

KIRKE'S PLUM.

Kirke's Plum. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 150.

One of the best Plums that are known in this
country. It is very handsome, a most abundant
bearer both as a' standard and upon a west or
east wall, and its flavour is scarcely inferior to that
of the Green Gage.

It was first brought into notice by Mr. Kirke,
whose name it bears, and was met with by that gen-
tleman in a singular way. Passing along the street
one day, he was struck with the beauty of a
basket of Plums in a fruiterer's window. Upon
tasting them, he was surprised to find that they
excelled in flavour any purple Plum with which
he was acquainted. The fruiterer had received
them from a gardener in the country, who, it after-
wards appeared, had procured the variety from the
Garden of a gentleman in his neighbourhood ; and
to that Garden it was said to have been intro-
duced from some foreign country.

We have in vain sought to trace it in the
writings of foreign pomological authors ; and we
therefore figure it for the sake of making it
known through the means of this publication : a
Plum as hardy and prolific as the Orleans, as hand-
some as the Damask, and as good as the Green
Gage, cannot be too extensively cultivated.

Ripens in the beginning of September.

Wood very like that of the Red Magnum
Bonum.

Flowers resembling those of the Reine Claude
Violette, which, however, this is not.

Leaves like those of a Green Gage.

Fruit large, roundish-oval, rather broadest at
the base ; suture slightly depressed.

Stalk three quarters of an inch long, very little
sunk at its point of insertion ; apex not depressed.
Skin covered with a close, firm, copious, azure
bloom, through which appear a few golden specks :
this bloom is extremely remarkable, and does not
readily rub off. Flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy,
and rich. Stone middle-sized, irregularly and
broadly oval, flattened, with a groove or channel
along one face.

The accompanying figure was taken from a
specimen grown on a wall.

There is another Plum in cultivation about Lon-
don, like this, purple, a great bearer, and also
called Kirke's, but it is of very inferior quality.
Purchasers will do well to bear this in mind.

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112

THE FORELLE PEAR.

Forelle. Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 409. t. 17. Fruit Cat. no. 211.
Forellen-birne. Diel, Pomol. vol. v. p.5\. Christ, p. 174.
Poire Truite, of the French.

'* Long as I have collected fruits, and searched
the Gardens in the neighbourhood of the Rhine
for French varieties, I have found none like the
Forellen-birne. We may, therefore, proudly call
this a national fruit, which most probably originated
in Northern Saxony. It is a real addition to our
stock of Autumn Pears, and may compete with
the best French dessert kinds, ripening at the same
period, and far surpassing them in the length of its
keeping in perfection, and in its beauty."

Thus speaks Dr. Diel, in giving an account of
this variety, which merits his eulogium in all re-
spects. That it is a most beautiful variety, the
annexed figure will shew ; and that its quality is
equal to its appearance, we can testify.

It is called the Forelle, Truite, or Trout Pear,
from a fancied resemblance between the specks and
colour of its skin, and those of the fish so called.
With us it ripens from November to January ; is
very hardy, and a good bearer as a standard. It
never shrivels, but remains quite melting and firm
until its allotted period of decay arrives.

The tree is very vigorous, and grows upright.

Leaves small, nearly flat, with the apex a little

recurved, and slightly woolly above ; those on the
fruit-spurs are larger than the others.

Fruit rather below the middle size, not very con-
stant in form ; but usually obovate, and more or less
elongated. Eye rather shallow. Skin, when fresh
gathered, green on one side and red on the other,
changing to a deep, rich sanguine, speckled with
grayish, ocellate, broad spots next the sun, and a
clear lemon on the other side. Flesh white, juicy,
buttery, with a rich, aromatic, subacid, vinous
flavour.

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113

THE DOWNTON PIPPIN.

Downton. Pomotia Herefordiensis,t.9. Hort. Trans, vol. i.

pp. 35, 145, 228; vol. ii. p. 186; vol. Hi. p. 319.
Elton Pippin. Forsyth, p. 135.
Knight's Golden Pippin., "i

Elton Golden Pippin ^ of different Collections.

Knight's Pippin J

Raised by Mr. Knight from the seed of a Here-
fordshire variety, called the Orange Pippin, and
the pollen of the Golden Pippin. It is a most use-
ful kind, extremely well adapted for the market ;
also an excellent cider Apple; " and the hydro-
meter, as well as the palate, indicates that its ex-
pressed juice holds in solution a large quantity of
saccharine matter," as we learn from the Transac-
tions of the Horticultural Society.

A great bearer : in some seasons the fruit ap-
pears in such abundance as to exhaust the trees, in
which case the form of the Apples in the succeeding
season becomes rounder and more pointed than
usual.

Ripe in October and November, and will keep
well till January.

Young Wood light chestnut on the sunny side,
olive green where shaded.

Leaves middle-sized, oblong-obovate, somewhat
acuminate, serrated. Petioles of middle length,
very downy. Stipules broad.

VOL. III. F

Flowers middle-sized. Petals oval, not over-
lapping when fully expanded, waved or plaited.

Fruit rather larger than a Golden Pippin, cylin-
drical, flat at the ends. Eye large, open, level with
the top. Stalk short, not deeply inserted. Skin
nearly smooth, yellow, set with numerous indistinct
specks. Flesh yellowish, crisp, with a brisk, rich,
subacid juice.

Care must be taken that this is not gathered
before it parts freely from the tree ; a circumstance
which frequently happens, in consequence of the
bright yellow it acquires before it is ripe. For the
same reason it should not be eaten too soon, as it
finally loses the greater part of its acidity, which,
when the fruit is fresh gathered, exists in too great
quantity.

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114

THE BROWN BEURRE PEAR.

Brown Beurre of all English Gardens.

Golden Beurre '

Beurre gris I . ^ „ ,.

_, / 1 / f of various Lollections.

Beurre dore

Beurre rouge

Beurre. Duhamel, Traite des Arbres Fruitiers, p. 196. t. 38.

There is no Pear, either of autumn or winter,
better than this, which, if it were sufficiently hardy
to bear as a standard, would be the most valuable
variety of its season ; but it is absolutely necessary
to give it a wall, and if possible a south one : it
bears, well, however, and acquires good flavour on
a west aspect.

Its period of ripening is October, after the end of
which month it will hardly keep.

Mr. Thompson has determined beyond all doubt,
from the examination of various trees in the Garden
of the Horticultural Society, and from a careful com-
parison of the descriptions of authors, that the Red,
Brown, and Golden Beurr6s are all the same. This
was long since asserted by the always accurate
Duhamel, who remarks that the skin is fine, smooth,
green, or gray, or f rappee with red next the sun ;
and that this difference in colour does not make
three varieties, vert, gris, and rouge, or Amboise, or
Isambert, as is commonly believed; but that all

these are one and the same thing, of which the
colour varies according to soil, - aspect, culture,
stock, &c.

Wood moderately strong, short-jointed, flexuose,
very apt to become cankered; but if healthy, *of
a bright reddish chestnut colour, dotted with pale
brown.

Leaves rather large, ovate-oblong, tapering to
the point, folded together irregularly, and obscurely
toothed. Petioles nearly an inch long. Stipules
often as long as the petiole.

Flowers opening early, middle-sized. Petals
obovate, tapering into the claw, very little tinged
with red.

Fruit variable in shape, size, and colour, gene-
rally large, obovate, tapering to the stalk, which is
usually from half an inch to an inch long, thick and
fleshy at its union with the spur, and thickening
obliquely into the fruit. Eve somewhat open,
placed in a shallow depression. Skin soft, but not
smooth, of a greenish golden yellow, appearing
through a thin covering of russet ; on the sunny side
sometimes reddish brown. Flesh white, greenish
next the skin, with some greenish veins through it ;
melting, buttery, juicy, rich, and excellent; but
sometimes rather gritty.

us.

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THE WATERLOO CHERRY.

Waterloo Cherry. Hort. Trans, vol. ii. pp. 208, 302. ^. 31 ;
vol. Hi. p. 212 ; vol. iv. p. 510 ; Fruit Cat. no. 104.

Raised by Mr. Knight from the pollen of the
May Duke and a seed of the Ambr^e of Duhamel.

It ripens in the end of June and beginning of
July, or earlier on a wall. It bears tolerably well
as a standard, but should be trained to an east
or west aspect, to be ripened in perfection. The
leaves are so large that the fruit does not acquire
a good colour unless freely exposed to sun and air,
on which account the branches should be laid in
widely apart.

The tree partakes of the character of both its
parents in a remarkable degree ; the wood and
leaves are those of the Bigarreau tribe, while the
flowers are those of the May Duke, the stamens
being shorter than the styles, a peculiarity which
is universal in all the Duke Cherries. For this ob-
servation we are indebted to Mr. Thompson.

Wood strong, with a grayish cuticle.

Leaves drooping, large, wavy, with moderately
deep serratures.

Flowers large. Petals roundish, imbricated.
Stamens rather slender, usually shorter than the
style.

Fruit very large, broad and cordate at the base,
convex on one side, flattened on tlie other, with
a broad suture. Apex slightly depressed. Skin
dark purplish red, or almost black, covered with
numerous minute dots of a palish colour. Flesh
deep purplish red, darkest next the stone, from
which it parts freely ; tender, juicy, with a rich
sweet flavour. Stalks long and slender. Stone
small, roundish, compressed.

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116

THE SUMMER PEARMAIN.

Summer Pearmain. Miller's Dictionary/, ed. 8.
Parmain d'ete. Knoop Pomol. p. 17. tab, 2.
Royal Pearmain. Matoe, Abercrombie, and of the London
Nurserymen. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 766.

One of the best of our autumn apples, prolific,
handsome, high-flavoured, and hardy. It should
form a part of every good collection, although it
will not keep longer than the middle of October :
it is in perfection in September ; after that time it
begins to become mealy.

Although this is called the Royal Pearmain
about London, it is clearly not the variety so named
by writers upon orchard fruit, which is a late-
keeping variety, and the same as the Herefordshire
or Winter Pearmain. We therefore think it right
to restore the name of Summer Pearmain, by which
it is mentioned by Miller and Knoop, the latter of
whom speaks highly of it as a stewing sort.

Young Wood strong, dull violet brown, covered
with a few white spots.

Leaves small, ovate, acuminate, serrated, a
little folded. Petioles slender, scarcely an inch
long. Stipules linear, lanceolate.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals roundish-
ovate, cordate at the base, overlapping.

Fruit rather above the middle size, oblong,
tapering slightly towards the eye, which is open in

a broad shallow depression, sometimes almost level,
very slightly plaited. Outline rather angular.
Footstalk short, obliquely inserted into a sort of
fleshy tail to the fruit. Skin smooth, on the shaded
side brownish yellow mixed with green, next the
sun reddish blended with yellow and streaked with
deeper red ; sometimes slightly russety round the
stalk. Flesh yellowish, crisp, not very juicy, but
sweet and high-flavoured.

///.

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117

THE KING OF THE PIPPINS' APPLE.

King of the Pippins. Forsyth, p. 110. Hort. Soc. Fruit

Cat. no. 519.
Hampshire Yellow. Hort. Cat. no. 431.

This beautiful Apple is of modern origin. It has
been brought into notice by Mr. Kirke, Nurseryman,
Brorapton, to whom the public is indebted for the
introductioil of some of our best varieties of Fruit.

It is hardy, a great bearer, one of the hand-
somest of the season, and will keep till January. It
is, however, in perfection in November, at which
time it ought to be eaten.

Wood vigorous, dark chestnut brown, with few
spots.

Leaves middle-sized, ovate, acuminate, regu-
larly but not deeply serrated. Petioles short.
Stipules linear - lanceolate, more than half the
length of the petiole.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals roundish oval,
somewhat cordate at the base.

Fruit above the middle size, inclining to oblong,
broadest next the base ; the outline tolerably free
from angles. Eye large, deep, in an even, very
little plaited hollow. Skin smooth, pale orange-
yellow, generally marked with red next the sun,
and faintly streaked with the same colour. Flesh
yellowish white, firm, breaking, very sweet, juicy,
and high flavoured.

VOL. III. ' G

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118

THE BELLE ET BONNE PEAR.

Belle et Bonne. Baumann's Catalogue.
Schone und Gute. Tascheiibuch, p. 43 L

A very valuable Autumn variety, introduced by
the Horticultural Society, in 1826, to whom it was
sent by Messrs. Baumann, of- BoUwiller. It is de-
scribed in the Taschenbuch as a harvest Pear, ripe
in September, magnificent, large, round, very good,
and productive. We find it answering this descrip-
tion perfectly, with the addition that, much as our
Autumn Pears have been improved, this ranks
among the very best of them.

It bears extremely well as a standard ; it also
takes readily upon the Quince stock, and is a de-
licious Bergamot of the best kind : in perfection
about the end of September.

We have seen it cultivated under the erroneous
names of Charles d'Autriche, and Bergamotte Cra-
sanne. Belle de Bruxelles is more frequently its
appellation here, which it seems to have acquired in
the Luxembourg Garden, at Paris ; but the variety
to which that name properly applies is diiFerent.

Wood very vigorous, short-jointed, dark olive-
colour, with numerous dark-brown spots.

Leaves deep green, nearly entire, oval-lanceo-
late. Stipules subulate, about half the length of
the petiole.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals obovate.

Fruit very large, globular, depressed, with a
large, deeply-sunken eye. Stalk long, deeply in-
serted. Skin yellowish on the sunny side, with
numerous small russet-brown spots ; shaded side
greenish yellow, with green spots. Flesh white,
sweet, perfumed, exceedingly rich and agreeable.

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119

THE ROYAL GEORGE PEACH.

Royal George of the English Nurseries. Hort. Soc. Fruit
Cat. no. 147.

Red Magdalen "l

Millett's Mignonne of the English Nurseries.

Lockyer's Mignonne ... J

Madeleine Rouge a petites fleurs of the French.

For the following remarks upon this variety we
are indebted to Mr. Thompson, whose successful
labours in settling the names of fruit in general,
and of Peaches and Nectarines in particular, will,
we are sure, be, at no distant period, considered as
one of the most useful results of the Horticultural
Society's Garden.

This, and the sort usually sold in the Nurseries
under the name of Red Magdalen, are the same.
The Red Magdalen of Miller (Madeleine de Cour-
son of the French) is less common, but is easily dis-
tinguished, not so much by its fruit as by its flowers,
which are large.

Ripens in the end of August or beginning of
September, and is a proper sort for a Peach-house.

In the last unfavourable season this sort was
found to acquire its flavour better than the Grosse
Mignonne : the latter was more aff'ected in conse-
quence of the cold and want of sun, than the former.

The Royal George and Red Magdalen are dif-
ferent, say some, because the former is subject to

mildew : others say there is a difference, because the
latter is the one that is most subject to it. The fact
is, the same tree will mildew in one season, and not
in another. A remedy, or at least a preventive in
a great measure, for this, is to keep the borders
clear and in good condition, and to see that there
be nothino- to obstruct a free circulation of air, and
a full admission of sun.

In addition to the synonyms above enumerated,
it is extremely probable that Lord Fauconberg's
Mignonne, the Early Royal George of the north
of England, and the Grandville Peach, are the
same. It is also almost beyond a doubt, that the
Madeleine Rouge a petites fleurs of the French, is
the origin of the whole of them.
Flowers small.
Leaves serrated, glandless.
Fruit large, globular, moderately deeply marked
by the suture along one side, with generally a slight
depression on the summit. Skin dark purplish red
where most exposed ; the shaded side is whitish ;
the intermediate space between the shaded and
most exposed part is thickly mottled with small
red dots. Flesh white, rayed with red next the
stone, melting, rich, with a plentiful, highly-sugared
juice. Stone middle-sized, or rather small, and of
a red colour, parting from the flesh.

It may be added, as a curious fact, that the con-
clusions at which Mr. Thompson has arrived are
deduced from an examination of twenty fruiting
trees, of which six were received by the Horticultural
Society under wrong names.

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120

THE AUTUMN BERGAMOT PEAR.

Autumn, or English Bergamot. S^vitzer's Fruit Gardener,
p. 117. Hitt's Treatise, p. 333. Miller's Dictionary.
Hort. Trans, vol. ii. p. 43.

York Bergamot. IJort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 6'2.

Common Bergamot. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 52.

For the following excellent observations we have
again to thank Mr. Thompson.

The Pear generally cultivated in this country
under the name of Autumn Bergamot is not the
Bergamotte d'Automne of the French, although
Miller and other writers have quoted it as a syno-
nym. The Bergamotte d'Automne has not yet
fruited in the Garden of the Society. There are in
it, however, several trees from various French autho-
rities, which perfectly agree with each other in their
wood and foliage, and so far also with the descrip-
tion of Duhamel, but are very different in these
respects from the sort here treated of. It also de-
serves to be noticed, that both the old and young
wood of all these trees of the Bergamotte d'Automne
canker very much in this soil and climate ; whereas
in the Autumn Bergamot there is not the least
appearance of decay. It is probable that the French
have not got this sort, as it has not been yet dis-
covered under any name among their collections
received into the Garden of the Horticultural So-
ciety. Nothing, however, is known of its real origin.

If we are to believe Switzer, it was brought over by
Julius Csesar, and formed part of " the furniture" of
the Gardens of Alcinous. According to Manger, it
is of the highest antiquity, and was, without doubt,
in former times, the only one to which they gave
the name, which is also now applied to other similar
flat Pears. This name, he says, is not derived from
Bergamo in Italy, as many have believed, but from
the Turkish words beg or bey, a prince, and ar-
moud, a pear. He also shews that this princely
Pear was formerly written, not Bcrgamotte, but Be-
garmoud, by referring to Groen's Niederlandischen
Gartner. As its name is Turkish, he infers that
this sort must have come from Turkey, and conse-
quently originated in a warmer climate.

With us, the Autumn Bergamot ripens remark-
ably well on standards, even as far north as York-
shire. It is in eating in October, decaying soon
after.

Wood yellowish brown, not much spotted.

Leaves middle-sized, oval, wavy, generally en-
tire. Stipules long, linear; the leaves of the
fruit-spurs ovate, slightly cordate, on long, slender
petioles.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals roundish,
obovate, overlapping each other.

Fruit small, approaching the middle size, de-
pressed, globular, hollowed at the eye and stalk;
the latter is short and thick. Eye open, in a regu-
larly-formed shallow depression. Skin a little
rough with russet, reddish next the sun, fading into
brownish green. Flesh whitish, a little gritty next
the core, very juicy, sugary, and rich.

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121

BOWYER'S RUSSET APPLE.

Bowyer's Russet. Hort. Cat. no. 979.

A handsome and valuable Autumn table fruit,
ripening in the beginning of September. It will
keep pretty well for some time beyond this period,
but September is the month of its perfection. It is
amongst the earliest of the Russets.

Cuttings of it were sent to the Horticultural
Society, in 1824, by Mr. Boult, of Hawthorn Hill,
Maidenhead.

It is perfectly hardy, bearing abundantly upon
standards.

Shoots vigorous, chestnut red, set with nume-
rous distinct, whitish spots.

Leaves middle-sized, ovate, rather finely ser-
rated. Petioles moderately strong, scarcely an
inch in length on the young shoots. Stipules
lanceolate.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals obtusely oval.

Fruit below the middle size, broadest at the
base ; the outline tolerably round. Eye close, in a
small depression. Stalk about half an inch in
length, inserted in a middle-sized, evenly -formed
cavity. Skin covered all over with a fine golden
russet. Flesh greenish - white, with a tinge of
yellow, and having a sharp, rich, aromatic juice.

VOL. III. H

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122

THE MARIE LOUISE PEAR.

Marie Louise. Hort. Trans, vol. ii. p. 406; vol. Hi. p. 120;
vol. iv. p. 519, j^g. 20. Fruit Cat. no. 393.

The first information of the existence of this
Pear, was obtained from a box of fruit sent to the
Horticultural Society, in November 1816, by Dr.
Van Mons, of Brussels, by whom it had been
raised.

Since that period the variety has been very ex-
tensively cultivated ; and the high opinion that was
entertained of its good qualities when it first arrived,
has been amply confirmed by experience.

It has been found one of the most valuable of
our Autumn Pears, bearing equally well on a stand-
ard and a wall, resisting the inclemency of such
a climate as even that of Norfolk, and appearing
capal?le of affording a certain crop, under whatever
circumstances it may be placed. In flavour and
beauty it has scarcely a superior. In the unfavour-
able season of 1829, while even the Achan Pear,
which the Scotch consider one of the best adapted
to their northern situation, acquired no flavour as
a standard near London, the Marie Louise gained
its usual size, colour, and flavour.

There can be scarcely any doubt that the Pear
mentioned in Mr. Loudon's useful Gardener's Ma-
gazine, vol. iii. p. 353, under the name of the Forme

de Marie Louise, is the same as this ; the appear-
ance of the fruit from standards and walls being so
different, as to justify any person unacquainted with
the habits of the present variety in considering
them distinct.

It ought to be in every collection, however
limited or select; and it is perfectly invaluable to
those who have not walls for Pears.

Ripens in the middle of October, and keeps till
the end of November.

Shoots moderately strong, rather dark coloured,
with dull brown spots.

Leaves, about the middle of the young shoots,
ovate, somewhat acuminate, the margin with
sharply- pointed, though not deep, serratures : the
Petioles of these are about an inch in length.
The leaves, near the base of the shoots, and particu-
larly at the spurs, have very long, slender petioles,
so that they have a very straggling appearance,
twisting and facing to various directions. The
leaves are there flat, elliptical, with the margin
entire.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals obovate.

Fruit large on walls, middle-sized on stand-
ards ; oblong, tapering from the middle towards
both ends, the lower of which is obtuse, and
the tipper oblique, with a permanent projecting
calyx. Stalk more than an inch long. Skin,
on wall-fruit, nearly smooth, with a little cinnamon-
coloured russet upon a light yellowish-green ground ;
much more russety and brown on standard trees.

Flesh white, exceedingly juicy, melting, but-
tery, and rich.

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123

THE RED ASTRACHAN APPLE.

Red Astrachan. Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 522. Fruit Cat.
no. 22.

We are indebted to Mr. Atkinson for the intro-
duction of this beautiful variety into notice. It was
imported from Sweden, and first fruited by him in
his Garden, at Grove End, in 1816.

It is exceedingly handsome, and a hardy, good
bearer. It ripens about the middle of August, but
will not keep more than a few days. It is one of
those Apples that produce a copious bloom upon
the skin ; which in this instance is like that upon a
Plum.

Shoots vigorous, clear chestnut, sprinkled with
distinct whitish spots.

Leaves middle-sized, roundish oblong, slightly
acuminate, obtusely serrated. Petioles of medium
length and thickness. Stipules narrow.

Fruit rather above the middle size, roundish,
slightly angular. Eye surrounded by several irre-
gular excrescences. Stalk short. Skin greenish
in the shade, deep crimson next the sun ; finely
powdered with a fine coat of bloom. Flesh white,
crisp, juicy, subacid, but high- flavoured ; it soon
becomes mealy.

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124

THE BRICKLEY SEEDLING APPLE.

Brickley Seedling. Hort. Cat. no. 105.

The Scarlet Nonpareil and this have consider-
able resemblance, but the latter keeps much better.

A first-rate fruit for February, March, and April.
The tree is very hardy, and a profuse bearer, either
as standard or dwarf: it may be said to be one of
the most valuable varieties we possess. It is un-
commonly beautiful.

Shoots strait, moderately strong, brownish
chestnut, sprinkled with few small spots.

Leaves middle-sized, oblong, acuminate, with
moderately deep serratures. Petioles longish.
Stipules middle-sized.

Flowers rather small. Petals oval, inclining
to ovate, nearly flat, tinged with bright, purplish
crimson.

Fruit about the size of the Scarlet Nonpareil;
roundish, becoming a little narrower towards the
Eye, which is open, placed in an evenly-formed,
not very deep depression. The Stalk is short,
inserted in a rather large, even hollow. Skin a
rich red next the sun, and a deep yellow on the
shaded side, towards which the red breaks off in
slight streaks.

Flesh firm, yellowish, sugary, rich, and of ex-
cellent quality.

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125

THE ROYAL RUSSET APPLE.

Royal Russet. Hort. Soc, Fruit Cat. no. 997.
Royal Russet, or Leathercoat. Millet's Dictionary/, S^c.
Reinette de Canada grise, of the French.

The French synonym of this valuable variety is,
no doubt, accurate ; and it is not improbable that
the Passe pomme de Canada of the same nation
is another name. Trees from the French Royal
Gardens have proved so ; and the only doubt upon
the subject is caused by the name Passe, which
usually designates fruit that passes away sooner
than that with which it is compared.

It is, as is well known, an exceedingly valuable
kitchen fruit, keeping to the latest period at which
good Apples are in use. Formerly it was reckoned
a dessert variety ; but it has been, in modern times,
consigned to the kitchen, for which its acidity and
want of sugar render it better adapted.

A valuable, hardy variety, ripening in Novem-
ber, and keeping till May or June, when, however,
it becomes mealy. An important cottager's fruit,
and one which ought to be constantly cultivated
for the benefit of that class of persons. i.

Shoots strong, spreading, rather woolly, be-
neath of a reddish chestnut colour, sprinkled with
pale brown spots.

Leaves ovate, acuminate, cordate at the base,

VOL. III. I

concave, unequally serrated. Petioles short and
thick. Stipules small, lanceolate.

The Flomers are very distinguishable, being
large, with short pedicels, consequently forming a
dense umbel. Petals broad, roundish -cordate,
imbricating half-way over each other. None of
the other Russets have been yet observed to have
so large a blossom.

Fruit large, broadest at the base, or obtusely
conical, its form being rather flat than oblong.
Eve contracted, and rather deeply sunk. Stalk
very short and thick, deeply inserted in a widely-
formed hollow. The ground colour is yellowish-
green, but it is mostly covered with russet-brown,
the sunned side being a russety red : the whole
is interspersed with whitish, or pale brown dots,
which, however, are most apparent where the russet
is thickest. Flesh firm, greenish white, with a
. tinge of yellow, containing a rich acid, combined
with a slight roughness, which renders it excellent
for kitchen use.

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126

THE WINTER NELIS PEAR.

Nelis d'hiver, of many Flemish and English Gardens.

La Bonne Malinoise. Hort- Trans, vol. iv. p. 276 ; vol. v.

p. 408. Gardener's Magazine, vol. Hi. p. 353.
Bonne de Malines. Hort. Soc. Cat. no. 144.

An excellent winter Pear, in perfection in De-
cember and January. It was originally raised by
M. Nelis, of Mechlin, in honour of whom it has
been named ; but before its present title was set-
tled, it had acquired, in a few Gardens, the name of
Bonne de Malines, which it is but justice to put
aside in favour of that here adopted.

Bears pretty well as a standard, but succeeds
much better on an east wall. It is of very high
quality, and will, no doubt, be one day a favourite
article of the dessert. In the opinion of some it is
superior to the Chaumontelle, — a high character.

Wood moderately strong, yellowish, sprinkled
with some small pale brown dots.

Leaves middle-sized, elliptical-ovate, tapering
regularly to each end, somewhat recurved on the
midrib; the margins nearly entire. Petiole long
and slender. Stipules linear.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals obovate, taper-
ing to the claw.

Fruit middle-sized, or rather large, obovate,
somewhat obtuse at the Stalk, which is upwards

of an inch long, and moderately thick. Eye gene-
rally open ; sometimes partially closed by the col-
lapsing segments of the calyx. Skin yellowish;
sometimes nearly covered with russet brown.
Flesh yellowish, melting, buttery, juicy, very rich
and high flavoured.

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127

THE BLACK EAGLE CHERRY.

Black Eagle. Hort. Trans, vol. ii. 138, Jig. 9. p. 208, 302 ;
vol. Hi. p. 212.

As good a bearer as the Black Heart upon an
open standard, and far superior to that variety in
the quality of its fruit : it is not to be doubted that
this will one day usurp the place of that ancient
variety in our Gardens.

It was raised by Mr. Knight from a seed of the
Ambree of Duhamel, impregnated with the pollen
of the May Duke ; and it really combines all that
is most worth raising in both those varieties. At
least such is the account of its origin as given in
the Horticultural Transactions, vol. ii. p. 208, and
it is probably the genuine history of the variety,
notwithstanding a different account to be found at
p. 302 of the same volume.

This is another of the Cherries raised by Mr.
Knight, which have been allowed an introduction
into this work ; and it is not too much to say, that
the improved varieties of the distinguished Horti-
culturist, to whom they owe their origin, are among
the most valuable sorts that we possess.

Ripens soon after the May Duke.

Tree spreading; branches strong, dark brown,
partially sprinkled with a grayish epidermis.

Leaves oblong, acuminate, broadest about two-

thirds from the base, doubly serrated, but not so
deeply as those of the Heart Cherries generally
are ; partaking also of the thick texture of the
leaves of the Duke Cherries; from their larger size,
pendulous growth, and somewhat wavy margin, they
are rather more allied to those of the former. Pe-
tioles longish, and moderately strong, with reni-
form glands.

Flowers middle-sized. Stamens shorter than
the style. Petals roundish, or roundish-oval, con-
cave, imbricated.

Fruit between heart-shaped and round, flat-
tened at top and bottom. Stalk short and thick,
like that of the May Duke. Skin black, when the
fruit is fully ripe and well exposed. Flesh tender,
with a dark purplish juice, rich and high-flavoured.
Stone small, round.

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128

THE FLEMISH BEAUTY PEAR.

La Belle de Flandres. [fort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 40.

Bouche nouvelle. 10. no. 451.

Fondante de Bois. Ih. no. 270.

Brilliant. lb. no. 157.

Imperatrice de la France, lb. no. 338.

When we consider that this ranks among our
best Pears in quality, that it bears abundantly as a
standard, and that its size and appearance are both
much in its favour, it is not to be doubted that it
will one day become a most important variety
among the lists of cultivators. As yet it is but
little known.

It is a large-sized, greenish - russet, handsome
kind, ripening in October, and keeping for a month
or two.

It has the remarkable property of improving
more if gathered before it is quite ripe, than if fully
mature when taken from the tree. In the latter
case it is apt to acquire a kind of anise scent, which
is not agreeable ; in the former it becomes perfectly
melting and rich, without any such flavour.

Wood spreading, moderately strong, reddish-
brown, with numerous reddish spots.

Leaves middle-sized, ovate, tapering to the
point, flat, slightly serrated. Petioles rather long
and slender. Stipules linear.

Flowers middle-sized, early.

Fruit large, obovate, obtuse at the Stalk,
which is nearly an inch long, and moderately thick.
Eye open, and placed in a slight depression. Skin
russet, tinged with a crimson red next the sun, the
shaded side greenish yellow. Flesh rather firm,
yellowish white, sweet, rich, melting, and excellent.

It must be gathered while it adheres yet firmly
to the tree ; this is the only way to have it really in
perfection. If suffered to ripen fully on the tree, it
is a poor variety. It decays externally before it
gives way at the core.

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129

THE PURPLE GAGE PLUM.

Reine Claude Violette. Diiham. ed. nov. Bon Jard. Noi-
sette, Manuel Compkt, p. 496. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat.
no. 234.

Die Violette Konigin Claudie. Sickler Teutsch Obst. Gart.
vol. xxi. p. 64. t. 6.

A blue Gage Plum has been long known and
little esteemed in our Gardens : it is the Azure
Hative of the French. As the Reine Claude is the
Green Gage of the English, it might have been sup-
posed that a Reine Claude Violette would have
been the same as this Blue Gage. Such, however,
is not the fact; the fruit now figured under the
name of the Purple Gage being a variety of very
high quality, fully equal to the Green Gage in all
respects, and having this superiority, that while the
latter is apt to crack in wet summers, and will never
keep at all after having been gathered, this, on the
contrary, will endure, if the climate be dry, through
August and September, even till October, and is
scarcely at all disposed to crack.

The origin of the variety is unknown ; it must,
however, be recent, as it is not mentioned by
Duhamel, or any of the older French writers, and
is even omitted by Noisette in his Jardin Fruitier.

A good bearer as a standard, ripening in August

VOL, III. K

and September. It is also well adapted to an east
or west wall, where its flavour becomes improved.

Wood strong, spreading, short-jointed, smooth,
brownish-violet where exposed.

Leaves middle-sized, oval on the young shoots,
obovate on the spurs, doubly and somewhat irregu-
larly serrated ; above smooth, shining, deep green ;
below slightly pubescent ; they are darker than
those of the Green Gage. Petioles firm, half an
inch to an inch in length, with globose glands near
the base of the leaf.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals roundish-
oblong. Stamens shorter than the style.

Fruit, except in colour, very like the Green
Gage, middle-sized, roundish-oval, somewhat flat-
tened at the ends. Suture moderately depressed
along one side. Stalk about an inch long, rather
thick. Skin violet, powdered with a light blue
bloom, beneath which it is engrained with pale
yellow dots. Flesh greenish-amber, rich, sug^y,
and strikingly high flavoured. Stone oval, inclining
to ovate, compressed.

73CK

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130

THE SAM YOUNG APPLE.

Sam Young. Ilort. Trans, vol. Hi. p. 324 ; i/j. p. 454.

llort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 1022.
Irish Russet. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 985.

This is one of the finest Apples the English
cultivate, and has been described as such so long
ago as 1818; and yet, so slowly are improvements
adopted by us, it is still a variety neglected and
almost unknown. Like a great many first-rate fruits
figured already in this Work, it is hardly to be found
in the Nurseries ; and we shall probably hear com-
plaints of the difficulty of procuring it in the trade.
We can only say, that no fruit has been introduced
into the Pomological Magazine which cannot be
possessed by any Nurseryman in Great Britain, and
which ought not to find a place in every collection
having a claim to consideration ; but we say further,
that those persons who hold a different language,
and who do not take the necessary pains to provide
their customers with these varieties, are more atten-
tive to their own interests than to those of the
public. We have been led to make these observa-
tions in consequence of letters that have reached
us ; we trust that it will not be necessary to repeat
them.

The Sam Young is an Irish variety, spoken of in
terms of high praise by Mr. Robertson, of Kilkenny,

than whom few are better acquainted with the va-
rieties of orchard fruit. He describes it as forming
a flat-headed tree, healthy, and bearing abundantly
on all soils.

RijDens in November, and remains good till the
end of January.

Wood spreading, light brown, sprinkled with a
few palish spots.

Leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, rather coarsely
serrated, very shining above ; under surface slightly
pubescent. Petioles short, of moderate thickness.
Stipules small.

Flowers rather small. Petals roundish, in-
clining to obovate, concave, imbricated, forming a
neatly- cupped blossom.

Fruit small, depressed, round. Eye very wide
and open, in a broad depression. Skin russet,
reddish next the sun, usually cracking. Flesh yel-
lowish, firm, crisp, sweet, and very high flavoured.

131

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131

THE BEURRE DIEL PEAR. (From a Standard.)

Dorothee Royale. Van Mons. Cat. p. 25.
Beurre Royale . . 1

Poire de Melon . . > of various Collections.
Beurre de Yelle . . J

As we consider this one of the most important
Pears in cultivation, we have thought it right to give
a figure of the fruit from a standard, in addition to
that from a wall, already represented at folio 19
of this Work ; for they are so extremely difterent in
appearance as to render it improbable that the
identity of the two would be discovered without
being thus pointed out. The various synonyms now
added above have been traced with much sagacity
by Mr. Thompson, from an examination of trees in
the Garden of the Horticultural Society, in the
course of the last productive Pear season. It is
probable that more names yet remain, for it appears
to be a universal practice among cultivators to have
each his own mode of naming every first-rate fruit — -
a most pernicious practice, which cannot be too
strongly condemned.

To the encomiums passed in the first volume of
this Work upon the Beurre Diel, we can now add,
not only that it bears most freely as a standard, but
that its fruit retains its good qualities in as high a
degree when so produced as when grown upon a
wall. It succeeds well upon a Quince stock.

The following is a description of the fruit from a
standard.

Fruit obovate, with some obtuse angles from
the middle towards the eye, which is a little sunk.
Stalk strong, an inch or more in length, with some
projections round its insertion. Skin pale yellow,
intermixed with bright russet. Flesii inclining to
yellow, melting, perfectly buttery, sweet, rich, very
high flavoured and excellent.

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132

HUGHES'S GOLDEN PIPPIN APPLE.

Hughes's Golden Pippin. Hort. Cat. no. 385.
Hughes's New Golden Pippin. Forsyth's Treatise, p. 108.
Hooker's Pomona Londinensis, p. 26.

Very different from the Old Golden Pippin, and
in many respects inferior to that variety, (as what is
not ?) this deserves to rank among the most useful
and beautiful table-fruits of England. It is remark-
able for the neatness of its appearance, its rich
golden hue, (in w^hich it surpasses its rival,) and for
the great productiveness and perfect health of the
trees. It bears most abundantly, grafted upon the
common English Paradise stock, which is the Dou-
cin stock of the French, and perfectly different,
both in appearance and in effect, from the real
Paradise of Holland and France.

It does not ripen till December, and will keep
through the winter.

Shoots vigorous, dark brown, and silvery,
sprinkled with small, irregular, whitish spots.

Leaves middle-sized, ovate, tapering to the
point, sharply serrated. Petioles moderately
strong, about an inch in length. Stipules lan-
ceolate, generally more than half the length of the
petiole.

Flowers large, pale. Petals ovate.

Fruit middle-sized, globular, slightly flattened

at the eye and stalk. The Eve is large, open,
sometimes almost level with the top, but generally
in a shallow depression. Stalk short, thick, in-
serted in a very slight cavity, or frequently not at
all sunk, but forming a knob projecting on the base
of the fruit. Skin yellow, thickly set with green
spots and russetty scars. It has a greenish tinge
near the stalk. Flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, with
a rich, agreeably sharp flavour.

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133

ADAMS'S PEARMAIN.

Norfolk Pippin. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 685.

This very little known, but most superior fruit,
was received some years since by the Horticultural
Society, from Robert Adams, Esq. under the name
of the Norfolk Pippin. But as it is either not a
native of that county, or so little cultivated there
as by no means to warrant the application of the
original name, it has been called Adams's Pippin.

Its merit consists in its being a very healthy,
hardy sort, a particularly free bearer, extremely
handsome, by no means subject to speck or de-
formity, a good keeper, and one of those rich fruits
in which the proportions of sugar and acid are so
intimately blended as to form the most perfect
flavour of which the Apple is susceptible.

The fruit becomes fit for use in November, and
will keep till the end of the winter.

The following description has been made by
Mr. Thompson : —

Shoots moderately strong, chestnut-coloured,
thinly sprinkled with distinct whitish spots.

Leaves middle-sized, ovate, acuminate, doubly
and sharply serrated. Petioles about an inch in
length, somewhat erect, rather slender. Stipules
lanceolate, about half the length of the petiole.

VOL. III. L

Flowers middle-sized. Petals longish-oval,
obtuse at the ends.

Fruit rather large, very handsome, pearmain-
shaped (or parabolic), not angular. The Eye is
sunk in a regular cavity, the sides of which are
slightly plaited. Stalk from half an inch to an
inch in length, rather deeply inserted in an even
hollow ; it is generally slender, and inclining to one
side. Skin even, in some places slightly sprinkled
with a thin soft russet ; the shaded side is yellowish,
the sunned side is red, intermixed with yellow,
streaked with deeper red, sprinkled with whitish
spots, especially near the base. Flesh firm, yel-
lowish, rich, sugary, juicy, with a brisk acidity, but
none too much for its sugary quality

134

THE RIPLEY PINE.

Ripley, or Old Ripley. Speechly^s Treatise, p. 252. Hort.
Cat. no. 70.

We represent this Pine for the sake of settling,
by a good figure and description, a disagreement
among Gardeners respecting it.

It has been long known that a Pine cultivated
upon the E-ipley estate, in Jamaica, has in that
island the reputation of far surpassing all other
sorts; but it has not been clearly pointed out to
which of two Pines cultivated in England, under
the name of the Ripley and the Ripley Queen, this
character should be ascribed. We therefore take
this occasion of stating, that while the fruit now
represented deserves great credit as an excellent
variety, the Ripley Queen is that to which the pre-
ference is undoubtedly to be given. The latter is
very like a common Queen, but distinguishable in
foliage, and superior in flavour.

This is one of that tribe which Gardeners call
the Black, and very different from the Queen
tribe. It is an excellent variety for winter forcing,
and well deserving general cultivation. It is easily
known by the great quantity of mealiness upon the
pips.

It has been received at the Horticultural So-
ciety's Garden, under the name of the Montserrat,

the Heaton House Montserrat, and Indian Black
Pine ; and appears to be occasionally grown under
the erroneous name of the Brown Sugar-Loaf.

The following description has been made in the
Horticultural Society's Garden by Mr. James Dun-
can : —

Leaves broad, rather long, and slightly re-
curved, dark green, much tinged with reddish
brown ; mealy on both surfaces ; spines in the
middle degree of strength, and irregular; margins
a little reflexed, and sometimes slightly waved.

Flowers dark purple.

Fruit roundish-ovate, slightly compressed at
either end ; before ripening, very deep green, and
thickly covered with farina on the middle part of the
pips; when ripe, of a pale copper colour. Pips
rather above the middle size, generally regularly
angular, and rather prominent. Scales covering
about one half, and terminating in a lengthened
apex. Flesh pale yellow, opaque, very sweet and
rich, firm and crisp, not stringy, and of a very agree-
able flavour.

Crown about the middle size, deeply stained
with dark red.

156

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135

THE ELTON SEEDLING STRAWBERRY.

Among- the many hundreds of Seedling Straw-
berries which have been raised by the indefatigable
perseverance of Mr. Knight, the Downton has been
the only one which has appeared likely to reward
his labour, by its becoming a variety in general
cultivation and esteem. But it has been lately dis-
covered, that another, which was formerly given
away by Mr. Knight, under the name of No. 1, is
likely to rival it, and to become at least as exten-
sively useful.

This, the subject of the present Plate, had been
overlooked, both in the Garden of its discoverer and
elsewhere, till attention was called, in the Garden
of the Horticultural Society, to its lateness and
beautiful appearance. More care has since been
taken in its cultivation, and it has proved to be a
variety of the very first class in point of excellence,
of which it is not too much to say, that it stands
upon a level with the celebrated Keen's Seedling.
It is a healthy, hardy sort ; it bears most pro-
fusely ; the fruit is very large and handsome ; it
ripens so late as to furnish a supply of Pine Straw-
berries, to which class it belongs, long after all the
other Pine-like sorts are over ; and finally it pos-
sesses the great merit of packing well, and of being
particularly fit for preserving, a quality of which very
few Strawberries can be said to be possessed. All the

Strawberry-growers who have seen it, have been
so much struck with it, that there can be no doubt
it will soon be among the most common fruits in
the market.

It comes in after the Old Pine, Downton, and
Keen's Seedling : it is larger, and a much more
abundant bearer than either of the former ; and,
like the latter, keeps ripening its berries '^in long
succession.

The Leaves are middle-sized; the leaflets
ovate, in general slightly concave, sometimes a little
convex, obtusely serrated ; upper surface somewhat
hairy, deep green, the younger light grass green,
with a slight tinge of yellow. Leafstalks upright,
moderately strong, rough, with hairs spreading hori-
zontally, which is also the case with the scapes,
but on the peduncles the hairs are adpressed. It
may be observed, that all Strawberries with rough
leafstalks contain more acidity than those with
smooth.

The Flowers are large. Petals roundish,
concave. Stamens rather short, with anthers
generally perfect. Calyx middle-sized, incurved,
sometimes partially reflexed. Scapes strong, nearly
as long as the leaf-stalks. Branchlets, or Pedun-
cles, rather short.

The Fruit is large, ovate, often compressed, or
cock's-comb-shaped, of a rich, shining, dark red.
Grains yellow, regularly embedded between ridged
intervals, which are flattened or rounded on the tops.
Flesh firm, with a small core; deep red, juicy,
and having a sharp, rich flavour.

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136

THE COCKLE PIPPIN.

Cockle Pippin. [lort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 169.
Nutmeg Cockle . ."]

Nutmeg Pippin .. I of various Collections.
White Cockle....]

A Sussex variety, much valued in the London
markets for the lateness to which it will keep sound
in the Spring, as well as for its good qualities
otherwise.

A pretty good bearer as a standard, but rather
apt to canker. Hence it succeeds better upon a
Paradise stock, in a sheltered place. It ripens in
December.

Sometimes the fruit is perfectly smooth, occa-
sionally^ it becomes russety ; and hence the idea has
arisen that there are two Cockle Pippins, the one
called the White, the other the Nutmeg. But all
Gardeners know how apt smooth fruit is to become
russety under particular circumstances, — and the
contrary.

Shoots moderately strong, chestnut -coloured
next the sun, the shaded side having a tinge of
green ; the whole sprinkled with roundish white
spots.

Leaves somewhat like those of a Nonpareil,
oval, inclining to ovate, acuminate, serrated. Pe-
tioles slender, longish, erect. Stipules linear,
lanceolate.

Flowers of medium size. Petals oval.

Fruit middle-sized, ovate, slightly angular
towards the eye, which is surrounded by small
plaits. Stalk moderately thick, about half an
inch long, not deeply sunk. Skin pale green,
but generally brownish with russet. Flesh firm,
whitish, rich and juicy.

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137

FRANKLIN'S GOLDEN PIPPIN APPLE.

Franklin's Golden Pippin. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 383.
Sudlow's Fall Pippin. Hort. Tram. vol. iv. p. 217.

This sort apj3ears to be of American origin.
There is no doubt that it was received by Mr.
Sudlow, of Thames Ditton, from the United States,
as appears from the statement in the Transactions
of the Horticultural Society above referred to. By
what name it was originally imported, there seems
to be no means of determining with accuracy,
although it is highly probable that what is here
adopted was its American designation. We do not
find it in American catalogues.

Dr. Diel, the celebrated German Pomologist,
describes it, vol. x. p. 92 of his great work, and
says, that he obtained it from Messrs. Loddiges :
as this must have been before 1806, the date of
its introduction to England cannot have been later
than 1805. We mention this in order to shew, that
when the fruit was named Sudlow's Fall Pippin
in the Transactions of the Horticultural Society in
1819, the variety had been in England a consider-
able time.

An excellent hardy sort, in use in October,
November, and December ; hence, the supposed
synonyme of Summer Golden Pippin, which has been

VOL. HI. M

ascribed to this variety, is more likely to have been
some misnomer. It is remarkable for its beauty,
and for the rich agreeable acid of its juice. It bears
freely as a standard.

Wood strong, downy; where naked, of a clear
chestnut colour, speckled with small spots.

Leaves broadly ovate, acuminate, somewhat
concave, or more frequently flat, sharply serrated ;
PETIOLES of middling length; stipules linear-
lanceolate, sometimes as long as the petiole.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals roundish, cor-
date at the base, much imbricated.

Fruit middle-sized, oval, rather broadest at
the base. Eye slightly sunk in an even liollow,
surrounded by very minute plaits, .generally closed
by the segments of the calyx. Stalk short, in a
deep cavity. Skin deep yellow, with a tinge of
green, sprinkled with numerous well-defined dee])
brown spots. Flesh yellowish, breaking, juicy,
with a rich agreeable acidity.

This must not be confounded with the true
Fall Pippin, which is a very different variety.

Hy n^i^iem

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138

THE DOWNTON CHERRY.

Downton. Hoj-t. Soc. Fruit Cat. tio. 34. Trans, vol. v. p. 262.

Formerly we had but two good pale Cherries,
the White-Heart and Bigarreau, both late varieties,
and the first a very uncertain bearer. These are
now represented among our early kinds by the
Elton and Downton, either of which deserves to
be classed in the first rank among cherries.

The Downton is ripe soon after the May Duke ;
it bears well as a standard, and in richness of juice
it yields to no Cherry of any season. It was raised
by Mr. Knight, from a seed either of the Waterloo
or Elton, but from which is not certain.

Wood spreading, strong. Buds pointed, ovate.

Leaves moderately large, oblong, acuminate,
pendulous, somewhat waved at the margin, acutely
serrated, rather thin in texture.

Flowers large; stamens weak, unequal, gene-
rally as long as the style; petals obovate, im-
bricated.

Fruit pale yellowish, much speckled with red,
especially towards the sun, where the red spots run
together. Flesh light yellow, very tender, juicy,
and high-flavoured. It adheres slightly to the
stone.

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139

THE ASTON TOWN PEAR.

Aston Town. Hooker Fomon. Loud. p. 18. Forsyth's Trea-
tise, p. 162. liort. Trans, vol. ii. p. 80. Fruit Cat.
no. 24.

This is an excellent November Pear, resembling
the Swan's Egg in some respects, although very
dift'erent in others. Mr. Knight has truly remarked,
that it will not come into bearing until six or seven
years after the trees have been grafted ; and that,
like the Crasanne and Colmar, its wood requires,
when pruned, to be left longer than that of pears
in general. When it once comes fairly into fruit,
it is an excellent bearer ?s a standard, on which
account it is well worth cultivating wherever orchard
fruit is wanted.

It does not keep long ; but during the period
of its perfection, which is the end of October and
beginning of November, it is among the most deli-
cious of Pears.

The tree makes long shoots, upright at first, but
afterwards trailing and curving about ; the avood
dark greenish yellow, sprinkled with brown spots.

Leaves middle-sized, ovate, acuminate, serrated
towards the point, nearly entire at the base ; pe-
tioles short, about the length of the linear-lanceo-
late stipules.

Fj.omkks rather small; petals roundish obo-
vate.

Fruit small, roundish. Stalk long, slender.
Eye open, in a slight depression. Skin brownish
green, acquiring a tinge of yellow when fully ripe;
the side next the sun rough with russet specks.

Flesh yellowish-white, melting, juicy, sugary,
very rich, but sometimes stony. Seeds large and
shining, black.

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140

THE CORNISH GILLIFLOWER APPLE.

Julyflower. Ilort. Sue. Trans, vol. ii. p. 74.

Cornish Julyflower. Ibid. vol. Hi. p. 323. Fridl. Cat. no. 499.

Calville d'AnQrleterre. Baumaun Cat.

This is the best Apple that is known, if high
flavour, combined with a very rich subacid saccha-
rine juice, be the qualities we most desire in fruit;
but it is a bad bearer. Its merit is, however, of so
decided a character, that no one who is aware of
its excellence would wish to be without a tree or
two, for the sake of the chance of adding so valu-
able a variety to his winter dessert.

It ripens in November, and will keep till April.
The fruit is apt to grow from the extremities of the
shoots, which should be remembered in pruning the
trees.

The first account of this sort is to be found in
the Hort. Trans, vol. ii. p. 74, in a letter from Sir
Christopher Hawkins, in 1813. It was discovered
in a cottage garden near Truro, about ten or fifteen
years before that date ; and was considered by the
Society of so much importance, that the silver
medal was awarded to Sir Christopher Hawkins
for his exertions in bringing it into notice.

It has already found its way abroad ; for the
Horticultural Society received it in 182G from

Messrs. Baumanns, of Bollwiller, under the name
of Calville cVAngleterre.

Shoots straggling and rather slender; dark
chestnut, covered with a silvery gray pubescence,
thinly sprinkled with small whitish dots.

Leaves small, oval, narrow, tapering to the
point, somewhat concave, rather sharply serrated
beneath silvery light green.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals ovate, with a
longish claw ; not imbricated when fully expanded.

Fruit moderately large, of an ovate form and
angular. Stalk from half an inch to an inch in
length, not deeply inserted. Eye closed by the
segments of the calyx, and sunk among knobby
protuberances arising from the terminations of the
angles on the sides. Skin dull green on the
shaded side, and on the sunned side intermixed with
brownish red, and a slight sprinkling of russet, with
sometimes streaks of richer red when well exposed.
Flesh yellowish, firm, and very rich ; when cut it
gives out a pleasant perfume resembling the Clove
Gilliflower, whence its name.

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141

THE RIBSTON PIPPIN.

Ribston Pippin, of (dt EnglisJt Collections.
Traver's Apple. Jlort. Trans, vol. Hi. p. 324.
Formosa Pippin. Ibid. vol. Hi. p. 322.
Glory of York, of some.

Instead of any account of our own, we present
our readers with the following extract from some
MSS. papers, furnished to us by Mr. Thompson, to
whom this Work already owes so much of the best
part of its matter : —

It may be deemed needless to describe an
Apple so well known throughout the country as one
of the highest excellence, and perhaps not to .be
surpassed. But as it is one in regard to which
many are particularly interested, it may not be im-
proper to give the following account, which proves
its origin more conclusively. A very interesting
statement is to be found in the Transactions of the
Horticultural Society, Vol. III. p. 140, by Sir Henry
Goodricke, bart., on whose estate, at Hibston, near
Wetherby, in Yorkshire, the original tree was grow-
ing in 1818. " Traditionary accounts," he observes,
" are all we have to guide us in the history of this
tree. It is said, that some Apple seeds, or pips,
were brought from Rouen, in Normandy, about 130
years ago ;" (now upwards of 140), ** that they were

VOL. HI. N

sown at Ribston ; that five of the pips grew, two of
them proving Crabs, and the other three Apples,
which were all planted out at Ribston. Two of the
Apple-trees are now growing, and produee fruit ;
one of them the celebrated Ribston Pippin." * *

It is also mentioned, in the conclusion of a
letter from the Hon. William Herbert to Doctor
Noehden, that the former understood it was the
opinion of some persons in the neighbourhood, that
the Old Ribston Pippin was not a seedling, but a
grafted tree. He concludes, " I send you herewith
grafts of the Old Ribston Pippin, and also from the
sister tree ; and I also send what will enable you to
ascertain whether the Old Ribston Pippin is a seed-
ling or not, a slice of the old root, with suckers
adhering to it, which have some young fibres hang-
ing from them ; and with common attention they
will certainly grow." The grafts alluded to came
to hand at the same time with Mr. Herbert's letter,
and among them were also some suckers from the
root. The latter we planted in the Chiswick Gar-
den, and have determined the question, whether the
Ribston Pippin was originally a seedling, or a grafted
plant.

That the tree from whence the above-mentioned
suckers were taken was the original, is now fully
proved, as it is growing in the Garden of the
Society, and produces fruit /// no respect different
from that of other grafted trees of the Ribston
Pippin.

Although the Ribston Pippin is now widely
cultivated, yet it does not appear that it hacl been

I

much known in Miller's time, otherwise he would
have mentioned it in his work.

I have not seen it mentioned by any foreign
author earlier than 1813, when it was described by
Dr. Diel, in Vol. XI. of his Pomology. He had the
sort from Uellner, in 1804, and mentions concerning
it as follows : — ^ *' I find the name of this fine Apple
no where wiitten except in William and Joseph
Kirke's Catalogue of Fruit-trees. Except there, it
is in no other English Pomology that I know of."
From the account which Dr. Diel gives of it (and
he describes it very accurately), it would appear
that it grew with him rather small.

It has never been discovered among any of the
foreign collections in the Horticultural Society's
Garden, nor among the specimens of foreign Apples
received by the Society. Although it had not been
sufficiently proved to have originated at Ribston, the
above circmnstance would at least have greatly con-
firmed the supposition of its being no foreign sort,
and consequently added to the probability of its
belonging to this country.

Its synonym, or rather what has been proved
to be synonymous, having the name of Traver's
Apple, is undoubtedly nothing else.

The Formosa Pippin, although mentioned in the
Transactions, Vol. III. p. 322, as having a more
melting flesh than the Ribston, and not keeping so
long, is found not to be different, when grown under
equal circumstances. If it was said that the For-
mosa Pippin was a Ribston, improved by the stock
on which it was worked — still this made it nothing

but a Ribston Pip})in. It is well known that the
stock will have an effect upon the variety worked
upon it ; so will the soil in which it may be planted.
The stock, the soil, the climate, and pruning, all
have an effect ; and a combination of these must have
a powerful effect, but never that of producing a per-
manentli) different thing. If the Mignonne Petite
Peach could be grown to equal in size the Grosse
Mignonne, I would not even then alter my opinion :
but when the reniform glands of the former can be
changed by cultivation into globose, like those of the
latter, it might then be admitted that one sort may
be made into another, independent of being raised
from seed.

Those who read the account of the age of the
parent tree of this excellent sort, and who express
themselves in regard to it as being the best fruit
of Apple kinds, need not be alarmed at the state-
ment of the old tree being in a state of decay, and
producing latterly but sparingly, and the fruit be-
comino- smaller than some had recollected to have
seen it. Young trees may be found, free from
canker, growing vigorously, and producing fruit
perhaps superior to that ever produced on the
original.

Are all sorts of trees equally subject to canker ?
— Some are more so than others. Do young trees,
or seedlings lately raised, never canker? — Some of
them will. The canker, therefore, does not depend
entirely on the age of the variety. The nature, or
the original constitution of the tree, or the quality
of its sap or juices, is perhaps more the cause than

its age. Soil and situation, if unfavourable, will
stamp the symptoms of decay in a few years.

There are no records to state the fact of any
variety, worth cultivating-, having ceased to be.

An annual plant, raised from seed this season,
might henceforth be continued, by cuttings, so long
as the earth and the elements continue nearly in the
same state. Whether a tree may be also so con-
tinued, may be inferred.

Shoots vigorous, spreading variously ; where
bare, of a chestnut colour, sprinkled with pale
roundish spots ; towards the extremities they are
densely covered with a silvery gray pubescence.

Leaves middle-sized, ovate, acuminate, concave,
moderately serrated ; beneath silvery with pubes-
cence. The Petioles also exhibit much of the
latter appearance ; they are of moderate thickness,
and about an inch in length. Stipules lanceolate.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals ovate.

Fruit somewhat above the middle size, rather
flat than oblong, broadest near the base ; its outline
obtusely angular. The Eye is depressed, large,
with the segments of the calyx converging over it.
Stalk short, moderately thick, woolly, sometimes
inserted freely in a tolerably large cavity, and
sometimes thickened at its insertion in a confined
one, with frequently a portion of the base of the
fruit projecting towards it. Skin streaked next
the sun with brownish red, with the ground colour
of a rich, deep, greenish yellow shewing through it ;
the latter is the colour of the shaded side, disposed
in obscure streaks of a deeper and lighter tint ; in

some situations it becomes slightly russetcd at the
base, and also about the eye. Flesh firm, yellow,
very juicy, rich and sugary, with a peculiar, hitherto
unequalled flavour.

In perfection in November, and may be kept
through the season.

In this part of the country it succeeds well on
standards, or on dwarfs on the Paradise stock. In
the colder parts of England, and in Scotland, it is
usually planted against walls, to bring it to full j^er-
fection.

The fruit called the Ribston Pippin's Sister,
raised from seed at the same time, has been found
worthless.

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142

THE LARGE EARLY APR[COT.

Abncot f^ros precoce.. . 7 r , n »
... , o T ? of the rrench,

Abricot de bt. Jean .... 3

Abricot de St. Jean rouge, in Languedoc.

Abricot gros d'Alexandric, in Provence.

Die grosse Friih Apricose. Sickler's Teutsch Obsigdrlner,

band 12. p. 139. taf. 8.

The earliest Apricot in England is a sort
called the Masculine, little grown, and scarcely
deserving a place in a Fruit Garden, except for
its precocity. This kind, long known in France
by the names above cited, is destined to supply its
place every where, and to advance the period of
maturity of good Apricots to the middle of July in
this country. In France it ripens on Midsummer -
day, whence its name of A. de St. Jean; but it will
not do so here.

In general appearance it is much like a Roman
Apricot, but its quality is better, and it precedes
it by ten days or a fortnight ; it is also more com-
pressed and elongated.

Its culture and fertility are not different from
the generality of the same class of fruit.

Leaves large, broad, oval, rather sharply ser-
rated, tapering more to the petiole than perhaps
any other, and frequently auricled.

Fruit large, somewhat oblong, compressed;

projecting considerably on the side of the suture,
which is deep, and terminates in a projecting point
situated towards the back, beyond the axis of the
fruit ; back nearly straight.

Skin downy, of a fine bright orange red next
the sun, with spots of deeper red ; pale orange on
the other side. Flesh parting from the stone,
orange-coloured, juicy, rich. Stone brown, much
flattened, oval, sharp on the front, perforated along
the back, from the base to the apex. Kernel
bitter.

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143

THE BEZY DE LA MOTTE PEAR.

Bezi de la Motte. De la Quintinye, vol. i. p. 21b. Hurt.

Trans, vol. v. p. 132. Cat. no. 123.
I3ein Armudi. Hort. Cat. no. 36.
Beurre blanc de Jersey, of some.

One would have thought that a Pear, which was
pronounced by De la Quintinye, in 1685, likely to
supersede the Doyenne blanc, would scarcely have
been a century and a half without becoming com-
mon in the Gardens of the wealthy English. Yet
it is now, in 1830, scarcely known, although it pos-
sesses all the good qualities of the Doyenne, and
many others besides. It is as good in flavour, it
keeps better, not being out before the end of No-
vember, and is much more hardy, not being liable
to crack, or become hard and skin-bound, in wet
and cold seasons.

It would seem to have originated in the East, as
the Bein Armudi, a Turkish variety, has proved to
be the same.

Ripens in the beginning of October. Bears very
well as a standard, but better as an espalier. The
fruit is generally larger than the specimen figured
in the Horticultural Transactions.

Shoots moderately strong, yellowish brown,
sprinkled with pale-brown spots ; in some soils
inclined to become thorny.

Leaves generally rather small, elliptical, pointed,
the margin entire, or but slightly crenated. Pe-
tioles slender, and longish. Stipules linear.

Flowers middle-sized, obovate, tapering to the
claw.

Fruit large, somewhat roundish, broadest to-
wards the Eye ; the latter is open, in a slight, even
hollow. Stalk short, sunk at its insertion. Skin
green, becoming only a little paler even when the
fruit is ripe, thickly speckled with dark brown
russet. Flesh whitish, melting, juicy, sugary, and
rich.

^^A

/yi^ma M^.

^■At^~ ^y^ .4u/^/U^l^y^ .i^'2ii4*<Sii<^ t^'c/^/Vc^^

^/if?!^

144

THE NEWTOWN SPITZENBERG APPLE.

Newtown Spitzenberg. Coxe's Vieio, p. 126. Hurt. Cat.

no. 1065.
Matchless. Cohbett. Ilort. Cat. no. 597.

A great reputation attaches to a class of Ame-
rican Apples, called the Spitzenbergs, of which this
is the best; but they are not to be compared with
such fruit as the Ribston Pippin, the Cornish July-
flower, the Golden Harvey, and others of our fine
English varieties.

This is, however, an Apple of merit. It bears
packing well, is a pretty good bearer on a standard,
and will keep till the end of January. Mr. Cobbett
sold it under the name of the Matchless Apple,
and it has, in consequence, found its way into
some Catalogues by such a designation.

Shoots vigorous, somewhat spreading, dark-
brown where bare, but for the most covered with a
grayish cuticle, and profusely sprinkled with whitish
spots.

Leaves rather large, ovate, acuminate, irregu-
larly and doubly serrated. Petioles of medium
length and thickness. Stipules lanceolate.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals roundish-
oblong, inclining to ovate.

Fruit middle-sized, depressed, globular, not
angular, bearing much resemblance in shape to a

Nonsuch. Eye open, in a moderate-sized hollow,
very little plaited. Stalk short, rather thick,
inserted in a tolerably deep cavity. Skix pale
yellow, with a tinge of green where shaded, and
of a reddish colour, streaked with darker, next the
sun. Towards the crown, in particular, the skin is
set with whitish spots. Flesh firm, yellowish,
rich, and very good.

I

^^'/^.^^i^ i,^

S/i*A/yyj/toai^,ruM^ Uj ^iiZet^Ui^^J^v//S'JO

THE SAINT JULIAN APPLE.

Concombre des Chartreux. Hort. Cat. no. 195.
Seigneur d'Orsay. lb. no. 1034.
Pomme de Saint Julien. lb. no. 1015.

This sort was received by the Horticultural
Society under the above names, from the Luxem-
bourg Garden, at Paris. Of the Concombre des
Chartreux, and Seigneur d'Orsay, no account has
been found. If the Concombre des Chartreux be
the same sort as the Pomme Concombre described in
Noisette's Manuel, p. 545, as being " trh allonge,"
that name must be misapplied to this sort. Du-
hamel mentions, tome i. p. 292, that they have an
Apple in Normandy which they call Pomme de
Jidien, ou de Saint Julien, bearing much resemblance
to the Vrai T>ra'p d'Or. Probably, this may be the
sort he alludes to ; but he does not give a full
description of it. Manger includes the Drap d'Or,
Reinette Drap d'Or, Pomme de Caract^re, of Knoop ;
the Drap d'Or, Pomme de St. Julien, ou Pomme de
.Julien en Normandie, of Duhamel ; and the Em-
broidered Apple of Miller, as synonymous. In this,
however, he is corrected by Sickler, as far as
relates to Knoop's and Duhamel's sorts ; and the
Embroidered Apple, of Miller, is also different from
either. Much confusion has existed amongst the
sorts designated by the above names. The Em-

voL. in. o

broidered Apjilc now cultivated in this country is
again different from that described by Miller ; and
the Saint J u lien, or Pomme de Caractc^re, is de-
scribed by Mayer as being different from the Vrai
Drap d'Or of Duhamel. From a comparison of the
accounts of various continental authors, it appears
that the Pomme de Saint Julien is covered with
various traces, resembling characters or letters, and
allied by its colours to the Drap d'Or, and Em-
broidered Apples. The exterior of this Apple might
also justify a similar alliance; and consequently, it
may have been called by some writers the Saint
Julien, although it does not answer Mayer's descrip-
tion of that sort, especially as regards its quality, in
which respect it is certainly superior.

A good bearer, in perfection in December, Janu-
ary, and February.

Shoots strong, dark chestnut, moderately
Gowny, set with numerous distinct whitish spots.

Leaves middle-sized, ovate, tapering to the
point.

Flowers rather small. Petals ovate, some-
v/hat cordate at the base, waved on the margin,
scarcely imbricating each other.

FiiuiT large, roundish, slightly and obtusely
angular on the sides. Eye in a moderate-sized
cavity, surrounded with slight plaits. Stalk slen-
der, about an inch in length, inserted very shallow.
Skin a little rough, with scars of gray russet,
beneath which it is remarkably, though somewhat
obscurely, striped with yellow and grayish-green.
Flesh firm, yellowish-white, rich, sweet and ex-
cellent. ^' T.

9^-ly^S^i*afu^'/^j/ ^,:,Mi£U^:^ .:/ kuMji^

146

BREDA APRICOT.

Breda. Hart. Cat. no. 2.

Abricot de HoUande, ou Amande Aveline. Ibid. no. 44 ;

Duhamel, Traite des Arbres Fruitiers, torn. i. p. 138,

plate iv. ; and of other French authors.
HoU'andische, Bredaische, oder Ananas Apricose, (Abricot

de Hollande, ou Amande Aveline). Taschenbuch^ p. 338.
Die HoUandische Apricose, Orange Apricose, (Abricot d'Hol-

lande, ou de Breda). Kraft's Pomona Austriaca, vol. i.

p. 29. tab. 57.
L'Abricot de Hollande, ou de Breda, ou Amande Aveline ;

Die HoUandische, Bredaische, oder Orange Apricose, die

Hasselnussmandel. Mayer's Pom. Franconica, torn. i.

p. 33.
Royal Persian. Hort. Cat. no. 23.
Brussels, or Breda. Langley's Pomona, p. 89. Jig. in. pi. xv.

The Hemskirke, Turkey, Royal, and Large
Early Apricots, already figured in the Pomological
Magazine, are of great importance, on account of
their size and rich flavour. The Breda, although not
so large as these, claims, on some other accounts,
an important rank. In regard to flavour, it is excel-
lent ; and it may not perhaps be generally known,
that in ordinary seasons it bears remarkably well on
standards. Although the fruit is smaller, yet the
flavour is rendered so delicious as to make amends.

The Breda Apricot is stated by Miller to have
been so called from its having been brought from

thence to England ; but it was originally from Africa.
Miller's sort, however, is not the same as this, for he
describes it as being a large fruit, with a larger stone
than any other sort; in the latter respect, this is
almost the reverse. It is confused with some others
on the continent, as well as in this country. The
Abricot Peche or Moor-Park, and its affinities, have
probably been so called in some places. Few, how-
ever, can now be mistaken for it. The Orange and
Breda are the only two with sweet kernels, gene-
rally in cultivation in this country. The former
may be easily distinguished by its brighter orange
colour, and flesh adhering to the stone. The latter
is remarkable for its figure, being often angular,
as if the fruit had been pressed by close package
in a box. Perhaps the latter distinction is less
observable in a continental climate than here, and
hence the Orange is included among the syno-
nyms of the Breda, in the Pomona Franconica
and Austriaca. From the circumstance of the ker-
nel of this sort being sweet, it may be remarked,
in consequence, that the Ananas Apricose, a syno-
nym of the Breda, in the Taschenbuch, is different
from the Ananas Apricose of Sickler's Teutch
Obstgartner, b. 18, p. 30 ; the kernel of the latter
being described as bitter, " even although its brown
rind be taken off." Most probably, the Ananas
Apricot of this author is the Moor-Park, the Abricot
Pcche, or Abricot de Nancy, of the F'rench : and,
on the contrary, his Abricot de Nancy, having a
sweet kernel, differs entirely in this respect from
that uf the French. Sickler himself remarks the

difference between his own and that of Duhamel,
in regard to the kernel of the one being sweet, and
the other bitter ; and endeavours to reconcile them
by stating, that it may be owing to his always
taking off the brown rind. Duhamel, however, is
quite correct ; and Sickler's Abricot de Nancy
appears to be the Breda.

Wood tolerably vigorous, generally with triple
buds.

Fruit rather small, its general form roundish,
but often approaching to be somewhat four-sided.
The Suture is moderately deep, with a depres-
sion at its termination on the summit. The Skin,
where exposed to the sun, is of a deep brownish
orange. Flesh deep orange, parting freely from
the stone; juicy, rich, and high-flavoured. Stone
rather small, roundish, compressed, but not so much
as in most others. Kernel sweet, like a hazel-
nut ; hence the synonym of Aynande Avelme, by the
French.

Ripens from the beginning to the middle of
August on walls, and its perfection is considerably
prolonged on standards. R. T.

'HHd^iJc^. ^^^X- . .«^//^Jl..^,.^^..^//^j^

y^^j^

147

THE BARRINGTON PEACH.

Barrington. Mr. Liiid/ei/'s Classification, in Hort. Soc. Trans.

Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 18.
Buckingham Mignonne. In the above Classification. Hort.

Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 94.

This excellent variety is in the same section
with the Grosse Mignonne, in the Classification
above referred to, but is perfectly distinct from
that variety. It is a good bearer, and comes in
considerably later than the Grosse Mignonne, and
in succession to the Royal George. The trees are
healthy, and the fruit is of the first excellence.

Leaves crenated, with globose glands.

Flowers large.

Fruit large and handsome, roundish, somewhat
elongated, and rather pointed at the summit. The
Suture moderately deep along one side. Skin
pale yellowish-green next the wall, deep red next
the sun, marbled with darker. Flesh yellowish-
white, slightly rayed with some crimson tints next
the stone, from which it parts freely ; melting,
juicy, and very rich. Stone middle-sized, ovate,
with a lengthened sharp point ; very rugged, and of
a brown colour. R. T.

,-y ^ ^^CCl<f "'"^ ^O' '■■^

.cc^M^^//<i'J^:

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148

THE NECTARINE PLUM.

Nectarine. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 114.
Prune Peche. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 190. sipi.
Caledonian, of some Collections.
Howell's Large. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 128.

Two Plums, which it is presumed will now be
rendered very distinct, have hitherto been confused
under the names of Nectarine Plum, Goliath, and
Caledonian. These have been made synonymous in
Hooker's Pomona Londinensis, t. xxxix ; in Forsyth's
Treatise, p. 18 ; and in the Horticultural Society's
Fruit Catalogue, at no. 114. Either of these names,
it would appear, has been applied indifferently to
both sorts. That now figured will, however, be
found superior to the other, more generally culti-
vated under the name of Goliath. The appearance
of the two sorts of fruit is considerably alike ; but
in order to distinguish them very readily, it will
be only necessary to observe, that the shoots of
this sort are glabrous, and those of the other very
pubescent. This smoothness and pubescence ex-
tends also to the fruit-stalks of the respective sorts,
so that they may be known by them, independent
of the shoots.

A good bearer, either on a wall or as a standard,
ripening upon the former at the end of July, con-
siderably earlier than the Goliath, or the one with
pubescent shoots.

Wood strong. Shoots glabrous, brownish-
violet where exposed to the sun.

Leaves large, ovate, flat, or somewhat convex,
with rounded serratures, and having large glands at
the base. Petioles strong, scarcely an inch in
length on the young shoots.

Flowers large. Petals roundish, much im-
bricated.

Fruit very large, like a Nectarine in shape and
size. Footstalk smooth, about half an inch in
length, and of moderate thickness. Skin purple,
covered with a fine azure bloom. Flesh dull
greenish -yellow, somewhat adhering to the stone,
but less so than in the Goliath, com])ared with which
it is much finer and richer, being decidedly the best
Plum yet known of its size. Stone middle-sized,
oval, compressed. R. T.

[All the articles signed R. T. have been exclusiveli/ prepared
1)1/ Mr. Thompson.]

149

THE HORSFORTH SEEDLING GRAPE.

The Rhodes's Grape of some Collections.

This Grape is said to have been raised by
Mr. Appleby, Gardener to the Rev. J. A. Rhodes,
of Horsforth Hall, near Leeds, between the Black
Hamburgh and the " Muscat." We know nothing
of the accuracy of this statement of its origin;
but it has been exhibited at some of the shows
of fruit in Yorkshire, and the beauty of the bunch
was such, that the large silver medal of the Hor-
ticultural Society was awarded to the Gardener
for his cultivation of it, in November 1828. It is
extremely like the Black Morocco, which is sup-
posed to be the same as what is called, near London,
Colonel Ansley's Black Grape. The size of the
berries, and the fine appearance of the whole
fruit, render it a highly desirable variety.

The following notice of it is to be found in the
Gardener's Magazine for October last :

*' Sir, — I send you a specimen of the Rhodes's
Grape, a seedling raised at Horsforth Hall, near
Leeds, a few year^ ago. It is, as you will see, a
fine large black Grape, but rather a shy bearer.
It is also a bad setter ; the specimen sent was set
with Black Hamburgh. I do not consider the

VOL. III. p

bunch sent as the best specimen that could be
produced, owing to the wet season, and a wet bor-
der. In more favourable circumstances, I have
no hesitation in saying, that for size of bunch and
berry, it bids fair to be among the finest of black
Grapes. The flavour is not particularly remarkable.

" I remain Sir, &c.

"THOMAS APPLEBY,

" Gardener at Horsforth.
" Horsforth Rally August 4."

This bunch contained 84 berries, and weighed
lib. 7oz. ; and the flavour was very nearly as good
as that of the Black Hamburgh.

What we find most at variance with the sup-
posed origin of this is, that there is no trace of the
Muscat flavour in it, which would have been the
case had any Muscat partaken of its origin.

The Leaves are slightly pubescent, with the
sinus at the base quite open, not rounded as in
some varieties, but with very distinct, but not deep
lobes. In the autumn stained a little with red,
but not so much so as in many black Grapes.

The Skin of the berries is rather thicker than
in the Black Hamburgh ; the flesh is of about the
same quality.

m

'A/^mM^;

J?-^hfS 9Ui^ufa^/6y J"^r^a.cU^'J>ce' /. ./^Jp-

1.50

THE ISABELLA PLUM.

This Plum is stated by Mr. Miller, of Bristol,
to be a variety of great excellence. It does not
require a wall to bring it to perfection, and it ex-
ceeds all those kinds that stand in the scale next
below the Green Gage, Coe's Golden Drop, and the
Washington. It is said to bear three crops a-year.
In the specimens we examined there was fruit per-
fectly ripe, and half grown.

Shoots v%Drous, brownish, pubescent, like an
Orleans.

Leaves middle-sized, oval, crenated, slightly-
pubescent above. Petioles of medium length
and thickness.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals roundish,
obovate.

Fruit 2J inches long, l^ broad, oblong, and
tapering towards the stalk, with very little apparent
suture. Stalk half an inch long, very slightly
downy. Skin deep, dull, brownish red, when nearly
ripe, where shaded a little inclining to yellow,
copiously covered with deep-coloured dots. Flesh
sweet, rich, and very agreeable ; adhering to the
stone, which is acute at each end, but tapering a
good deal towards the base; IJ inch long.

The figure now given is smaller in all its parts
than the specimen described.

/^z.

:l^a^iiiic/ U£^ J2L<:^/i2^^/^p4^«w«fc^£2'« Z^^-. W

151

PADLEY'S PIPPIN.

Padley's Pippin, ilort. Trans, vol. Hi. p. 69. Fruit Cat.

no. 720.

This excellent rich dessert Apple was obtained
by the late Mr. Padley, of the Royal Gardens,
at Hampton Court. It is noticed in the first
volume of the Horticultural Transactions, as having
been exhibited in 1806, and was then reckoned
one of the very best of our new Apples in point
of flavour, a character which it still maintains.
The trees are good bearers, and the fruit is in per-
fection during the months of December and January.
It is, however, one of those sorts which are apt
to shrivel, and therefore requires to be kept closely
stored up from the air.

Shoots rather slender, upright, chestnut red,
partially covered with a grayish epidermis and
pubescence. Leaves small, ovate, acuminate, a
little folded, unequally and acutely serrated. Pe-
tioles slender, like those of the Nonpareil. Sti-
pules small.

Flowers small. Petals ovate, not imbricated,
nearly flat.

Fruit of medium size for a dessert Apple,
roundish. Eye shallow, nearly close. Stalk
slender, generally about an inch in length, but

variable. Skin greenish-yellow, thinly sprinkled
with russet. Flesh yellowish, very juicy, rich, and
high-flavoured, with a sprightly acidity. R. T.

V^^fjiSc/ '-C^ /'. /C J

152

THE GRAY FRENCH REINETTE.

Reinette Grise. Duhamel, Traitt des Arbres Fruitieis, torn. i.

p. 302. plate ix. Jardin Fruitier, p. 131. plate xlix.

Mayer's Pom. Franconica, torn. Hi. p. 129. Hort. Trans.

vol. Hi. p. 325. Fruit Cat. no. 890.
Reinette Franche Grauwe. Knoop's Pomologie, p. 50. tab.ix. ;

Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 884.
Aechte Graue Franzosische Reinette. Reinette Grise Fran-

^aise. Diel's Pomology, vol. i. p. 168.

This sort was received by the Horticultural So-
ciety from Haarlem, under the name of the Grauwe
Franche Reinette. There are several varieties of
the Reinette Grise, and also of the Reinette Franche,
which have all considerable resemblance to each
other, and they appear not to be rendered very
distinct by the authors who have treated of them.
They are, in fact, so variable in different soils and
seasons, that unless they had been collected and
grown under nearly equal circumstances, as they
now are in the Garden of the Horticultural Society,
it would have been impossible either to have made
a proper distinction between them, or to have
decided which was the best. This object has not
yet been fully completed ; but, in the mean time,
the variety now figured has been found to be one of
the best, and appears to be that described by the
authors in the works above referred to. Its culti-
vation in this country has not been extensive.
Some authors have affirmed that it will not succeed

out of France, which is considered its native country.
Mayer, however, states, that in the climate of VVurz-
burg, in good seasons, it ripened perfectly : and
even in countries much farther north, such as Den-
mark and Sweden. It will succeed very well in this
country as dwarfs, or half standards, grafted on
Paradise stocks. It requires a rich soil, but not too
moist ; and the tree must be pruned so as to admit
the rays of the sun, and a free circulation of air,
among the branches.

A good bearer, in perfection during the winter
and spring, and is a dessert Apple of the first excel-
lence.

Shoots tolerably strong, moderately sprinkled
with whitish spots, and for the most part covered
with a silvery cuticle and gray pubescence : where
bare, of a chestnut colour.

Leaves middle - sized, ovate, tapering to the
point, coarsely and unequally serrated. Petioles
moderately strong, rather longish. Stipules linear,
sickle-shaped.

Flowers middle-sized. Petals ovate oblong,
nearly flat, with a longish claw.

Fruit middle-sized, in general roundish, flat-
tened at the ends, rather broadest at the base ; the
outline obtusely angular. Eye in a tolerably deep,
even hollow. Stalk about half an inch in length,
of medium thickness, inserted in a middle-sized,
regularly-formed cavity. Skin covered with brown-
ish-gray russet, sometimes almost closely and uni-
formly ; at other times having intervals nearly
smooth, shewing the olive ground-colour of the
skin, and marked with some russet scars. Flesh
yellow, moderately juicy, very sugary, combined
with an agreeably rich acidity. R. T.

LISTS

OF THE

FINEST VARIETIES OF FRUIT TREES,

RECOMMENDED FOR CULTIVATION

IN A

SELECT GARDEN,

IN THE MIDLAND OK SOUTHEKN COUNTIES OF
ENGLAND.

The figures refer to the folios in the Pomological Magazine.

I. APPLES.

Court of Wick. Dessert. Winter and Spring. 32.

Cornish Gillijiower. Dessert. Winter and Spring. Bad bearer,

but very rich and very ugly. 140.
Ribston Pippin. Dessert and Kitchen. Winter. 146,
Old Nonpareil. Dessert. Winter and Spring. 86.
Scarlet Nonpareil. Dessert. Winter and Spring. 87.
Travers Pippin. Dessert and Kitchen. Autumn and Winter. 67.
Norfolk Beaufin. Kitchen. Spring. Excellent for drying.
Canadian Reinette. Dessert and Kitchen. Winter and Spring,

Very fine. 77.
Golden Reinette. Dessert. Autumn. 69.
Dutch Mignonne. Dessert. Spring. 84.
Boston Russet. Dessert. Spring.
Juneating. Dessert. July.
Early Red Margaret. Dessert. July. 46.
Golden Harvey. Dessert. Winter and Spring. 39.
Franklin's Golden Pippin. Dessert. Autumn. 137.
Gray French Reinette. Dessert and Kitchen. Winter and Spring.

152.
Hubbard's Pearmain. Dessert. Winter and Spring. 27.
Adams Pearmain. Dessert. Winter and Spring. 133.
VOL. III. b

VUl LISTS OF FRUIT-TREES.

Neictown Pippin. Dessert and Kitchen. Spring. Tender;
requires a wooden frame, or an east wall.

Sweeny Nonpareil. Dessert. Winter and Spring.

Cockle Pippin. Dessert. Spring. 136.

Kerr ij Pippin. Dessert. August and September. 107.

Oslin. Dessert. September. 5.
. Blenheim Pippin. Dessert and Kitchen. Autumn. 28.

Duchess of Oldenburgh. Dessert. September, October.

Malcarle. Dessert. Spring. Very tender; requires a south walL

Sykehouse Russet. Dessert. Winter and Spring. 81.
^Royul Russet. Kitchen. Winter and Spring. 125.

Brabant Bellejieur. Kitchen, Winter and Spring.
.Beacliamiuell Seedling. Dessert. Winter and Spring. 82.

.Courtpendu. Dessert. Spring. 66.

W or msley Pippin. Dessert and Kitchen. Autumn. 80.

■ Hawthorndcn. Kitchen. Autumn. 34.

■ Sugar loaf Pippin. Dessert. July. 3.
Downton Pippin. Dessert. Winter. 113.
Gravenstcin. Dessert and Kitchen. Autumn. 98.

King of the Pippins. Dessert and Kitchen. Autumn. 117,

Sam Young. Dessert. Winter, 130.

Alfriston. Kitchen. Winter and Spring. Very large.

London Pippin. Kitchen. Winter and Spring.

Bedfordshire Foundling. Kitchen. Autumn and Winter.

Northern Greening. Kitchen, W^inter and Spring.

Minshull Crab. Kitchen. Winter.

Rhode Island Greening. Kitchen. Winter and Spring.

Beauty of Kent. Kitchen. Autumn and Winter.

Lucoynbes Seedling. Kitchen. Winter. 109.

Gloria Mundi. Kitchen, Autumn and Winter.

French Crab. Kitchen. Spring and Summer : will keep two yearsv

Winter Codlin. Kitchen. Winter.

Mank's Codlin. Kitchen. September.

Golden Pippin. Dessert. Winter and Spring.

Dumelow's Seedling. Kitchen. Winter and Spring.

II. APRICOTS.

Ihvisktrkc. Dessert. Wall. End of July. 11.

Royal. Dessert. Wall. End of August. 2.

Large Early. Dessert. Wall. Middle of July. The best early

Apricot. 142.
Breda. Dessert and preserving. Standard. August. 146.

LISTS OF FRUIT-TREES. IX

Moorpark. Dessert and preserving. Wall. August.

Brussels. Prosoiving. Standard. Beginning of August. Good

bearer.
Orange. Preserving. Wall. A clingstone. August.
Turkey. Dessert. Wall. Late in August. 25.

III. CHERRIES.

Belle de Choisy. Standard. Beginning of July. Moderate

bearer. 42.
Black Tartarian. Wall. June, July. 44.
Late Duke. Standard. August. Great bearer. 4.5.
Elton. Wall and standard. Beginning of July. The finest pale

Cherry yet known.
Knight's Early Black. Wall. June. 93.
Black Eagle. Wall and standard. July. Good bearer. 127.
Downton. Wall and standard. July. 138.
Waterloo. Wall and standard. Beginning of July. 115.
Morello. Standard and north wall. Late. Preserving.
May Duke. Wall and standard. End of June.
Purple Griotte. Wall and standard. Beginning of June. The

finest early Cherry.
Kentish or Flemish. Standard, July. Preserving and kitchen

use. Great bearer.
Florence. Wall. Late.
Bigarreau. Standard. Late.

IV. CURRANTS.

Black Naples. 43.
White Dutch.
Red Dutch.

V. GOOSEBERRIES.
Red.
Boardmans British Crotun. Large.
Roaring Lion. Large. Late.
Red Warrington. Large. Late.
Red Champagne. Small.
Small Dark Rough Red. Small.
Early Black. Small.

White.
White Crystal. Small.
White Champagne. Small.

X LISTS OF FRUIT-TREES.

Cromptons Sheba Queen. Large. 12.
Woodward's Whitesmith. Large.

Green.
Massey's Heart of Oak. Large.
Edwards's Jolly Tar. Large.
Pitmaston Green Gage. Small.
Early Green Hairy. Small. 22.

Yellow.
Prophet's Rockwood. Large.
Hayivood's Invincible. Large.
Yelloiv Champagne. Small.
Rumbullion. Small.

VL NECTARINES.

White. Beginning of September. Freestone, Rather tender. 40.
Elruge. Beginning of September. Freestone. Good bearer and

forcer. Rich. Altogether the finest known, 49,
Violet. Beginning of September. Freestone. Good bearer and

forcer, 68.
Pitmaston Orange. Beginning of September. Freestone. Good

bearer.
Old Newington. Middle of September. Clingstone,

VIL NUTS.
Cosford. 55.

Frizzled Filbert. A good bearer. 70.
Cob Nut.

Red Filbert. A bad bearer.
Spanish Nut.

Pearson's Proline. A great bearer.
Knight's Large. Very fine,

VIIL PEACHES.

Royal George. Beginning of September. Freestone. Forces
well. 119.

Madeleine de Courson. Freestone. Beginning of September. 30.

Noblesse. September, Freestoiie, 95.

Early Anne. Middle of August. Freestone.

Grosse Mignonne. End of August, Freestone, Forces well, 23.

Bellegarde. Middle of September, Freestone. Large and excel-
lent. Forces well. 26.

LISTS OF FRUIT-TREES. xi

Barrington. Succeeds the Royal George. Freestone. Forces

well. 147.
Chancellor. Middle of September. Freestone, 61.
Royal. End of September. Freestone. The finest late sort. 73.

IX. PEARS.

^ Beurre Diel. Dessert. Standard. October and November. A

great bearer, and excellent. 19 and 131.
GanseVs Bergamot. Dessert. East and west wall. October.

Indifferent bearer. 35.
Beurre Ranee. Dessert. Standard. March and May. The best

late melting Pear yet known. 88.
Beurre d'Aremberg. Dessert. Wall and standard. December

83.
Capiaumont. Dessert. Standard. October. Great bearer. 59.
Duchess of Angouleme. Dessert. Wall and standard. October

and November. 76.
Easter Beurre. Dessert. Wall and standard. January, Febru-
ary, and March. Great bearer, and excellent. 78.
Napoleon. Dessert. Wall and standard. November. 75.
Passe Colmar. Dessert. Wall and standard. December and

January. Great bearer. Trees not subject to canker, like

the Old Colmar. Excellent. 64.
White DoyennS. Dessert. Wall and standard. October. Good

bearer. 60.
Aston Town. Dessert. Standard. October and November. 139.
Autumn Bergamot. Dessert. October. 120.
Bezy de la Matte. Wall and standard. October. 143.
Early Bergamot. Dessert. Standard. August, September. Good

bearer. 101.
Flemish Beauty. Dessert. Standard. October, November. Must

be gathered early. 128,

Forelle. Dessert. Wall and standard. November, December

112.
Jargonelle. Dessert. Wall or quenouille. August. 108.
Marie Louise. Dessert. Standard. October. 122.
Summer Francreal. Dessert. Standard. August, September

Good bearer. 106.
Winter Neilis. Dessert. Wall. December. Excellent. 126.
Chaumontelle. Dessert. Wall^ standard, or quenouille. Sue

ceeds well on Quince, and trained in the latter mode. Winter.

Xll LISTS OF FRUIT-TREES.

Brown Beurre. Dessert. Wall. October.

Colmar. Dessert. Wall. December till March. Trees subject
to canker.

Crasanne. Dessert. Wall. October, November. Shy bearer.

Hacons Incomparable. Dessert. Standard. November, Decem-
ber. Tree hardy. Great bearer ; delicious.

Whitfield. Dessert. Standard. November. Good bearer.

Thompsons. Dessert. Standard. November. One of the finest
Flemish Pears. Good bearer.

Madeleine. Dessert, Standard. End of July. Good bearer. 51.

Seckle. Dessert. Wall and standard. October. Abundant
bearer.

Vallee Franche. Dessert. Standard. August, September. Abund-
ant bearer.

Swan's Egg. Dessert. Standard. November, December.

Passans de Portugal. Dessert. Standard. August. Good
bearer.

Easter Bergamot. Dessert and Kitchen. Wall. March, April,
and May.

Bezy d'Hery. Stewing. Standard. Winter. Good bearer.

Chaptal. Stewing. Standard. Winter and Spring.

Bequesne Musquc. Stewing. Standard. Winter. Great bearer.

Francreal d'Hiver. Stewing. Standard. Winter.

Uvedale's St. Germain. Stewing. Wall. Very large.

Calebasse Bosc. Dessert. Standard. November.

Nutmeg. Dessert. Standard. Winter. Small, but handsome,
and a good bearer.

Rouselet de Rheims. For drying.

Ne Plus Meuris. Dessert. Standard. January till March.
Good bearer.

X. PINES.

Queen.

Enville.
Providence.
Black Jamaica.
Antigua Queen.

XI. PLUMS.

Coe's Golden Drop. Standard and wall. October. Dessert.

Great bearer. Dries. Delicious. 57.
Impcratrice, Blue. East or west wall. October. Dessert. 33.

LISTS OF TRUIT-TREESo Xlll

Minms. Wall. August, September. Dessert and Kitchen. 6,
Washington. Wall and standard. September. Dessert. 16.
White Imperatrice. Wall. September. Dessert. Tender. 38.
Nectarine. Wall and standard. Beginning of September.

Dessert. 148.
Kirke's. Wall. September. Dessert. 111.
Isabella. Wall and standard. September. Dessert. 150.
Purple Gage. Wall and standard. September and October.

Dessert. Good bearer. The finest Dessert Plum of its

colour. 129.
Green Gage. Wall and standard. August, September. Dessert.

Preserving. Excellence well known.
White Magnum Bonum. Wall and standard. September.

Kitchen.
Drap d'Or. Wall and standard. Earlier than the Green Gage,

and precociously supplies its place for Dessert. A good

bearer.
Catherine. Wall and standard. End of September. Preserving

and Dessert.
Gisborne's. August. Kitchen. Standard. Forces well. Good

bearer.
Orleans. Standard. August. Kitchen. Good bearer.
Early Orleans. Standard. Beginning of August. Kitchen. Good

bearer.
Little Mirabelle. Wall and standard. September. Small, but

excellent for preserving. Great bearer.
White Damson. Standard. End of September. Preserving.
Shropshire Damson. Standard. September and October. Pre-
serving. Great bearer.
Bullace. Standard. October, November. Kitchen. Great

bearer,
Winesour. Standard. October. Preserving.

XIII. RASPBERRIES.

Barnet. 8.
Red Antwerp. 24.
Yellow Antwerp.
Bromley Hill.
Double Bearing.

XIV LISTS OF FRUIT-TREES.

XIII. STRAWBERRIES.

Doivnton. 52.

Keen's Seedling. 91.

Black Roseherry. 20.

Grove-End Scarlet. 7.

Old Pine. Al .

Sweet Cone. 4.

Roseherry.

Elton Seedling. 135.

Duke of Kent's Scarlet. Earliest of all.

Old Scarlet. Valuable only for preserving.

Alpine, Red and White.

Prolific Hautoois. 31 .

Large Flat Hautbois.

XIV. VINES

FOR THE OPEN WALL.

Black July.

Miller s Burgundy. 56.
White Sweetwater.
Grove-End Sweetwater.
Common Muscadine. 18.
Pitmaston White Cluster.
Cambridge Botanic Garden. 21.
Esperione. Sometimes ripens pretty well.
Chasselas Musque.

FOR A VINERY.

Black Hamburgh.

White Frontignac.

Black Ditto.

Muscat of Alexandria, White.

Verdelho, White.

West's St. Peter's, Black.

Horsforth Seedling, Black. 149.

Black, or Morocco.

Poonah, Black.

Royal Muscadine, White.

Black Damascus.

White Sweetwater.

Grove-End Swcetvmter, White.

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