eee ee. naman pte ae ee teeny sen yey AE ke SY. RY + Nive - OwtN &) , ‘ ae. all. L] ae oy a " f Te q f oe ab 6 | rare : Le fa Pte ee \ ee Rs Lee Mee Cha ; ly iu Pomona College Journal of Entomology AE pp- Volumes I and II 1909-1910 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE Department of Biology of Pomona College A.J. COOK, D. Se., Head Professor Claremont, California, U. S. A. 21815: RV £7 | yy, UN IANO PS, ? U Sie me (\) , Sitiay Lene Se Bucs con a Contents of Volumes I and II Volume I, Number I Essig, E. O. Aphidide of Southern pages 1-10. Essig, E. O. Notes on Coccide I, pages 11-14. Cook, A. J. The Red Scale, pages 15-21. Baker, C. F. Western Plant pages 22-25. California I, Louse Parasites I, Volume I, Number 2 Baker, C. F. Studies in Oxybelide I, pages 27-30. Essig, E. O. Notes on California pages 31-34. Essig, E. O. ; i The Genus Pseudococcus in California I, pages 35-46. Essig, E. O. F : Aphidide of Southern California II, pages 47-52 Essig, E. O., and C. F. Baker ; A Host Index of Californian Coccide, pages 53-70. Grinnell, Fordyce West Coast News Notes, pages 71-72. Coccide II, Volume I, Number 3 Del Guercio, G. New Genera of Aphids, pages 73-75. Crawford, D. L. An Entomological Expedition to Gaud- alajara, pages 76-77. Cameron, P. Some Diplopteryga from the South- west, pages 78-85 Grinnell, Fordyce West Coast News Notes, pages 86-87. Volume I, Number 4 Essig, E. O. Combating the pages 89-91. Essig, E. O. ; Notes on Californian Coccide III, pages 92-97. Essig, E. O. Aphidide of Southern California III, pages 98-99. Crawford, D. L. Some New Thysanoptera from South- ern California I, pages 100-108. Citrus Mealy Bug, Crawford, D. L. Thysanoptera of Mexico South I, pages 109-119. Crawford, D. L. Notes on Californian Thysanoptera I, pages 120-121. Cameron, P. Some Odynerine of the Southwest United States, pages 122-134. Grinnell, Fordyce eet Coast News Notes, pages 135- and the Volume II, Number 1 Pierce, W. M. Fumigation Studies I, Essig, E. O. Natural Enemies of Citrus Mealy Bug I, pages 143-146. Essig, E. O. The Genus Pseudococcus in Califor- nia II, pages 147-148, Crawford, D. L. Thysanoptera of Southern California II, pages 149-152. Crawford, D. L. Thysanoptera of Mexico and the South II, pages 153-170. Grinnell, Fordyce Wiest Coast News 73. pages 139-142. Notes, pages 171- Volume II, Number 2 Pierce, W. M. Fumigation Studies II, pages 175-178. Smith, John B. The Noctuide of California I, pages 179-184. Banks, N. ee corpions of California, pages 185- Metz, C. W. Bees of the Genus Colletes from Mexi- co, pages 191-208. Essig, E. O. Notes on Coccide IV, pages 209-222. Essig, E. O. Aphididz of Southern California IV, pages 223-224. Baker, C. F. Californian Emeside, pages 225-227. Crawford, D. L. American Psyllidz I, (Triozine) pages 228-237. Grinnell, Fordyce We Coast News Notes, pages 238- IV Pomona CoLtieGeE JouRNAL oF ENTOMOLOGY Volume II, Number 3 Pierce, W. M. Fumigation Studies III, pages 241-245. Essig, E. O. Spraying for the Citrus Mealy Bug, pages 446-259. Essig, E. O. Natural Enemies of the Citrus Mealy Bug II, pages 260-274. Smith, John B. The Noctuide of California II, pages 275-279. Hall, H. V. M. A Phytoptid Gall on Artemisia, pages 280-281. Coolidge, K. L. A New Spider, page 281. Coolidge, K. L. On Argynnis atossa Edwards, page 282. Essig, E. O. Variations in pages 283-285. Grinnell, Fordyce ws Coast News Notes, pages 286- 88. Trifidaphis radicicola, Volume II, Number 4 Essig, E. O. The Citrus Mealy Bug, pages 289-320. Crawford, D. L. The Mexican Orange Maggot, pages 321-332. Coolidge, K. L. A ices Orange Dog, pages 333- Essig, E. O. Aphidide of Southern California V., pages 335-338. Essig, E. O. The Genus Pseudococcus in California III, pages 339-345. Distant, W. L. Description of a New Species of Cica- did, page 346. Crawford, D. L. American Psyllide II pages 347-362. Chamberlin, R. V. The Chilopoda of California I, pages 363-374. Dyar, H. G. Some Moths from Claremont, Califor- nia, pages 375-378. Grinnell, Fordyce West Coast News Notes, pages 379- 381. West Coast Insect Notes, pages 382- 383. (Triozine), Index to Volumes I and II Acallis centralis, 376. Cicadidze, 346. griphalis, 376. Citrus Mealy Bug, 246, 260, 289. Aeolothrips longiceps, 101. Coccide, 11, 53, 92, 209. vespiformis, 109. Coccinellide, 260. Anaphothrips longipennis, 150. Anastrepha ludens, 321. Ankothrips robustus, 100. Ancistrocerus howardi, 78. Coccus longulus, 31. Colletes, 191. Colletes bombiformis, 206. pilias, 78. capitata, 204. trichionotus, 79. delicata, 203. Anthothrips variabilis, 166. dilatata, 194. Anuroctonus phaiodactylus, 188. frontalis, 207. Aphidiine, 22. guadalajarensis, 198. Aphididz, 1, 98, 223, 336. lineata, 196. Aphidius coloratus, 24. macconnelli, 201. coloratus ferruginosus, 24. moctezumensis, 200. delicatus, 24. recurvata, 192. pulcher, 24. subdilatata, 204. Aphis citri, 47. volsellata, 197. gossypii, 223. Cook As J, 14 hedere, 335. Coolidge, K. R., 281, 282, 333. Aspidiotus hedere, 11. Cornifrons thalialis, 376. Argynnis atossa, 283. Crambus leachellus, 377. Artemisia californica, 280. Cratospila rudibunda, 329. mialacaspis rosa, 211: Crawford, D. L., 76, 100, 109, 120, 149, Baker, C. F, 22, 27, 225. ee Banks, N., 185. Cryptolemus montrouzieri, 90, 263. Barce banksii, 227. Dell CuerciowG. 7s" Belomicrus cladothricis, 30. coloratus, 29. cooki, 29. forbesii, 30. Bomolocha vega, 277. Bothropolys monticola, 369. Bothropolys xanti, 369. Broteochactas allenii, 188. Diachasma, sp., 329. Diaeretus californicus, 25. Diaspis bromeliz, 213. echinocacti, 77. echinocacti cacti, 214. Dictyothrips reticulata, 155. Diplocentrus keyserlingi, 188. Diploteryga, 78. Callipterus juglandicola, 51. Diaries We Ie, ale Cameron, 12, 78, 122. Dyar; El. Ge 375: Carbolic emulsion, 252. ection, 22s Castilloa elastica, 383. Centrurus californicus, 188, 190. exilicauda, 188, 190. Ceroplastes ceriferus, 92. Ceroputo yucce, 94. Chaitophorus-populicola, 98, 224. Emesa brevicoxa, 227. Eois microphysa, 375. Epeira labyrinthea grinnelli, 281. Ephedrus californicus, 23. nevadensis, 23. Ghamnbern R. Va) 365. Ephestiodes gilvescentella, 378. Ghilepedas 365. Epischnia boisduvaliella, 377. Chionaspis quercus, 93. Epizeuxis cobeta, 276. Chirothrips mexicana, 114. occidentalis, 276. Chrysomphalus aurantii, 15, 77, 121. Eriophyes californica, 280. citrinus, 11, 19, 383. Erium lichtensioides, 31. VI Pomona CoLLEGE JouRNAL oF ENTOMOLOGY Essig, E. ©., 1, 11,, 31, 35, 47; 89) 92, 98, 143, 147, 209, 223, 246, 260, 283, 289, 335, 339. Essig and Baker, 53. Essigella californica, 74. Etiella schistocolor, 377. Euthrips cephalicus, 153. cephalicus reticulata, 155. insularis reticulata, 116. minutus, 149. minutus setosus, 105. occidentalis, 120. tritici, 120. Evergestis napacalis, 375. Fiorinia fiorniz japonica, 208. Fumigation, 20, 139, 175, 241. Gasoline, 250. Hadrurus hirsutus, 188. Hall, H. M., 280. Harpyia cinerea, 382. Heliothrips fasciatus, 120. Hemichionaspis aspidistre, 210. Henicopidz, 368. Heterothrips decacornis, 110. Homoeosoma mucidellum, 378. Honora dotella, 377. Host Index to Coccide, 53. Hypena californica, 278. decorata, 278. humuli, 278. modesta, 278. Icerya purchasi, 13. Idolothrips angusticeps, 168. Index to Coccide Hosts, 53. Isometrus maculatus, 189. Kerosene, 249. Lachnus californicus, 73. Lamyctes fulvicornis, 368. pinampus, 368. Leptochilus cratocerus, 122. Leptothrips, 165. Leptothrips aspersus, 121. Lichtensia parvula, 221. Lime, 248. Lime-sulfur, 251. Lineodes integra, 376. Liothrips bakeri, 161. fasciculata, 152. macconnelli, 163. umbripennis mexicana, 161. Lithobiide, 368. Lithobius angelus, 370, 372. aztecus, 370, 372. californicus, 369. carinipes, 370, 372. castellopes, 371, 373. chumasanus, 370, 372. clavigerens, 371, 373. kochii, 371, 374. manni, 371, 373. manni piax, 373, 374. obesus, 371, 373. paradoxus, 370, 374. paucidens, 370, 372. pitophilus, 372, 373. pusio, 370, 373. remex, 370, 374. sastianus, 371, 374. utahensis, 371, 374. utahensis tiganus, 371, 374. Loxostege similalis, 375. Metasia argalis, 376. Metz, C. W., 191. Nectarophora pisi, 336. Noctuidz, 179, 275. Nomophila noctuella, 375. Nortonia acanthopus, 78. Odynerine, 122. Odynerus acuticarinatus, 82. zqualis, 132. annulatus, 124, 126. approximatus, 79, 128. arvensis, 80, 126. austrinus, 80. belti, 125. blakeanus, 80. bradleyi, 81, 125. bruesi, 81. congressensis, 132. crassispinus, 130. deficiens, 126. jeromensis, 130. leucospilus, 133. macfarlandi, 79. mediatus, 79, 129. orasus, 125. pallidipictus, 83. sanctafez, 132. sapelloensis, 125, 127, 132. sulciventris, 130. tanynotus, 133. tosquineti, 82. trichiosomus, 127. viereckii, 127. Ommatopteryx ocellea, 377. Opisthacanthus lepturus, 188. Orange Maggot, 321. Oxybelidz, 27. Pomona Coriitece JouRNAL or ENTOMOLOGY Papilio cresphontes, 333. demoleus, 333. erechtheus, 333. erithonius, 333. eurymedon, 333. oxynius, 333. palamedes, 333. philenor, 333. rutulus, 333. turnus, 333. zelicayn, 333. Paratrioza, 228. Paratrioza antennata, 229. arbolensis, 229, medicaginis, 229. ocellata, 229. pulchella, 229. pulchella flava, 229. Parlatoria pergandii, 33, 92. Phzenococcus ramone, 44, 94. Phleothrips raptor, 159. Phyllothrips fasciculata, 105, 152. fasciculata stenoceps, 108. Pierce, W. M., 139, 175, 241. Plecoma, sp., 382. Pleonectyptera cumulalis, 375. Ploiaria californiensis, 226. Ploiariodes californica, 227. Ploiariopsis reticulata, 225. Polloccia alticolalis, 377. Potassium bichromate, 250. Praon nanus, 23. occidentalis, 23. Pseudococcus, 35, 147. Pseudococcus agrifoliz, 147. artemisiz, 38. bakeri, 339. citri, 46, 89, 143, 246, 289. longispinus, 339. nip, 217. obscurus, 43. ryani, 148. Psylla diospyri, 352. Psyllide, 228, 347. Pterochilus bakeri, 123. flavobalteatus, 84. luteicollis, 84, 123. Pyrausta cinerosa, 376. laticlavia, 376. Resin wash, 250. Rhaptothrips peculiaris, 116. Rhizobius ventralis, 91, 270. Rhopalosiphum viol, 4, 47. Rhygchium dorsale, 125. Rihana belizensis, 346. Ripersia smithii, 218. Saissetia hemispheerica, 216. olex, 12. Scorpionida, 185. Scutellista cyanea, 383. Scutigera forceps, 366. Smith, J. B., 179, 275. Spraying, 246. Sulfur, 248. Symmorphus hornii, 123. trisulcatus, 124. Sympherobius angustus, 143. Taeniotes suturalis, 382. Tetanolita greta, 277. palligera, 277. Tetraneura phaseoli, 75. Thrips abdominalis, 157. madronii, 120. tabaci, 120. Thysanoptera, 100, 109, 120, 149, 153. Tityus tenuimanus, 189. Tobacco extract, 251. Tortrix citrana, 383. Trifidaphis radicicola, 75, 283. Trioza acutipennis, 230, 350. albifrons, 231, 355. assimilis, 233. aurantiaca, 231, 360. aurantiaca frontalis, 232. bakeri, 230, 235. californica, 232, 234. collaris, 229, 347. diospyri, 352. fovealis, 233. frontalis, 230, 353. fulvida, 231, 358. fulvida similis, 231, 359. immaculata, 233. laticeps, 233. latipennis, 230, 352. longicornis, 231, 359. longistylus, 233. maculata, 230, 349. maculipennis, 230, 237. marginata, 232, 356. minuta, 232. nicaraguensis, 233. nigra, 232, 358. nigrifrons, 230, 351. quadripunctata, 233. rotundipennis, 231, 236. salicis, 232. similis, 231, 352. sulcata, 233. sulcata similis, 233. tripunctata, 231, 232. varians, 231, 361. viridis, 230, 350. Uroctonus mordax, 188. Vejovis boreus, 189. hirsuticauda, 189. punctipalpi, 189. spinigerus, 189. Vitula serratilineella, 337. Zophodis stigmella, 378. Zygethobius dolichopus, 368. vil Volume 1 : Number 1 WVomona Journal of Entomology — MARCH 1909 CONTENTS Essig, E. O. - - - Aphididae of Southern California, I Bao b,©)- = = = - = Notes on Coccidae, I MonterA, J = =" = - tH 3 = - The Red Scale Baker, C. F. - - - - Western Plant Louse Parasites, I PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF ONTARIO-CUCAMONGA CITRUS ASSOCIATION BY THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY OF POMONA COLLEGE CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Beginning now as a quarterly, it is hoped next year to make this journal bi-monthly. In both cases the subscription price will be the same, $1.00 to domestic and $1.25 to foreign postal countries. Reprints of any of the articles can be obtained at a nominal price. Especially is this journal offered in exchange for all entomological and zoological journals, and proceedings, transactions, and reports of societies, museums, laboratories, and expeditions. The separates are likewise offered in exchange for other entomological and zoological papers. Address all remittances and communications to POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Cc. F. BAKER, MANAGING EDITOR CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. Pomona Journal of Entomology Volume I MARCH 1909 Number 1 APHIDIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA I KE. O. ESSIG. Under this title we propose to make an extended series of studies on the plant lice found in Southern California, with the hope that they may eventually be gathered in a complete manual of the group for this region. Many of the earlier species and even generic references must of a necessity be merely tentative, all of our knowledge of the group in America being, so far, extremely fragmentary. Lachnus californicus, n. sp. WINGED VivipArous FrmaLre.—Length 1.6 mm., width 0.5 mm., wing expansion 5.3 mm. Prevailing color—green, but individuals are found varying all the way between green and brownish-yellow. The eyes and abdominal dots are red. (Figure 1.) Figure 1. Lachnus californicus Head—Short and nearly as wide as thorax, with short hair on frontal margin between the antennae. Compound eyes—large, round, red. Anten- nae (Figure 5, K) arise from no frontal tubercles, somewhat darker than the body, shorter than body 0.67 mm. long, six-jointed, hairy, with an apical nail- like process on the fifth article. The lengths of the respective articles are: 1 0.07 mm., II 0.08 mm., III 0.26 mm., IV 0.13 mm., V 0.13 mm. The sensoria are distributed as follows: I and II none, III four large and one small cir- im) POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Figure 2. Lachnus californicus ESSIG, APHIDIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 3 cular, IV one large circular, V one terminal surrounded by five marginal—all in the apical process. Pro-thorax—lateral tubercles wanting. Rostrwm—not half as long as the body. Abdomen—very indistinctly segmented and covered with numerous red dots. Cornicles—truncate, nearly obsolete. Legs—Hairy, very long, due to the enormous lengths of the tibia, and especially the tibia of the hind legs which are very long; they have no sensoria. ‘The lengths of the tibia of the respective legs are: pro-thoracic 0.51 mm., meso-thoracic 0.57 mm., meta-thoracic 1.lmm. These long legs enable the aphid to move very rapidly. The hind legs are especially adapted for clinging to the slender pine needles along which it moves at a great rate. Wings—Entirely clear, primary— length 2.4 mm., width 0.75 mm. Cwbitus—well defined. Stigmal—nearly straight, marking lower margin of a narrow distinct stigma. Radius—straight, extending from stigmal vein to margin. Of the third oblique only two rem- nants remain, showing that it was undoubtedly once forked. The first and Figure 3. Rhopalosiphum violae second obliques are straight. They arise together about the middle of the cubitus and extend to the margin. Secondary—length 1.63 mm., width 0.32 mm. Two discoidals. Swbcostal—well marked and extending to tip of the wing. The first discoidal arises from the sub-costal near the base and extends nearly to the margin of the wing. The second discoidal arises from the sub- costal at a distance from the first discoidal equal to the distance from the first discoidal to the base of the wing and extends nearly to the margin. Cauda— rounded, slightly hairy. Sty/e—obsolete. ApTtERouS VivipArous FEMALE.—(Figure 2.) Length 1.6 mm., width 0.5 mm. Differs from the winged form as follows: On the antennae (Figure 5, I) the sensoria are distributed as follows: I and II none, III many large circular, [V four large circular, V one terminal surrounded by several marginal in the process. On the legs the sensoria are distributed as follows: 4 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Pro-thoracic, three large circular on coxa, many smaller ones scattered along the femur; meta-thoracic, few on femur, many on tibia, one on the tarsi. Nympu oF Apterous VivipArous FEMALE.—These young are about one- seventh as large as the adult and are like them in color and form. The antennae (Figure 5, J) are four-jointed, about 0.3 mm. in length; with an apical nail-like process on the last article. The respective lengths of the articles are as follows: 10.075 mm., II 0.15 mm., III 0.038 mm., IV 0.037 mm. There are no sensoria. The abdomen is more distinctly segmented than in the adult form. The rostrum is nearly as long as the body. Common on some cultivated pines at Claremont, California, during the winter of 1908-09. Their presence would pass unnoticed except for beating the boughs which yields many specimens of this long-legged active species. Like certain other Lachnus it presents some strong affinities with the genus Schizo- neura. It seems to find its nearest relative in Lachnus agilis Kalt., but differs in wing formation and other prominent features. Rhopalosiphum violae, n. sp. Wincep VivipArous FEMALE.—Length 1.4 mm., width 0.75 mm.. wing expanse 6.05 mm. Prevailing color—dark wine-red. Legs, antennae, cornicles, and style—pale brown. (Figure 3.) Head—Nearly as broad as long; considerably narrower than thorax. Compound eyes—large with long terete (ocellar—?) tubercles just behind near the posterior border. Antennae (Figure 5, O) arise from large prominent frontal tubercles and are transversely scabrous with a basal nail-like process on article VI; are longer than the body, 2.34 mm., and are made up of six joints. The lengths of the respective articles are as follows: I 0.08 mm., II 0.05 mm., III 0.01 mm., IV 0.51 mm., V 0.46 mm., VI 0.84 mm. The sensoria are distributed as follows: I and II none, III large number—large and circular, IV four large circular, V one large circular on distal end, VI one large terminal and several smaller marginal in the process. ‘There are several terminal sense hairs on tip of this article. Rostrwm—half as long as the body. Pro-thorax—no distinct lateral tubercles. Abdomen—smooth. Cornicles—incrassate, almost clavate in form, 0.25 mm. long. Legs—slightly hairy, moderately long, without sensoria. Wings—Primary, length 2.65 mm., width 0.98 mm., veins well marked, broadly clouded along margins. The cubitus is distinct, separating off a broad well-defined stigma of trapezoidal shape. The radius is sharply curved. Of the three obliques, the third is twice forked, the second curves in slightly near the margin, the first is straight. Secondary—length 1.3 mm., width 0.51 mm. Have a well-defined sub-costal extending the entire length, with two discoidals. Of these the first arises from the sub-costal a third of its distance from the body, and the second arises from the sub-costal two-thirds of its distance from the body to the wing-tip. Style— prominent and somewhat upturned. ApTEROUS Viviparous FEMALE.—Length 1.2 mm., width 0.70 mm. Differs from winged form as follows: No sensoria and fewer sense- ESSIG, APHIDIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 6 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY hairs on the antennae (Figure 5, N). The cornicles are usually longer, in this case being 0.27 mm. in length. In one individual there were two distinct tubercles arising from the abdomen just outside of the cornicles. (Figure 4, A and C.) Nymeu of AptErous Viviparous FEMALE.—These young are about one- sixth the size of the adult and are -like them in most respects. In color they are somewhat lighter in shade—the eyes, however, are very dark. The antennae are made up of but five joints, the fifth being very long, with basal nail-like process. All of the articles except the first two are transversely scabrous. They have no sensoria. The rostrum is longer than the body. The cornicles are short, stout, and clavate in form. The style is obscure. (Figure 4, D.) Taken from the lower side of leaves of the common cultivated blue violet at Claremont, Calif., Nov. 12, 1908. In no case were they found in any considerable numbers on any single plant, but occurred in twos and threes on a leaf. Figure 6. Pemphigus radicicola Rhopalosiphum violae (form ?) On the same plants and mingled with the wine-colored forms described above are found numerous green individuals, both winged and apterous, which differ in some characters supposedly of generic value. Possibly one or other of the forms may be a migrant generation. Although these two forms are closely associated on the same leaves of the cultivated blue violet, there is a chance that the green forms are a different species after all. With the coming of the spring broods this can be ascertained more definitely. In the meantime a full description of the green form is here given. Wincep Vivrearous Frmare.—Length 1.69 mm., width 0.8 mm. Prevailing color—dark green. Legs—lighter. Thorax—darker. (Figure 4, B.) Head—Nearly as broad as long, and considerably narrower than the ESSIG, APHIDIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Figure 5. A,B, C, Rhopalosiphum violae; D, E, R. violae (form ?); F, G, H. Pemphigus radicicola; I, J, K, Lachnus californicus; L, M, Rhopalosiphum violae (form ?) N, O, Rhopalosiphum violae. 8 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY thorax. Compound eyes—large and dark, with long terete (ocellar?) tuber- cles just behind near the posterior border. Antennae (Figure 5, L) arise from large frontal tubercles, are six-jointed, 1.83 mm. long, transversely scabrous, with a basal nail-like process on the sixth article. The lengths of the respective articles are as follows: I 0.07 mm., II 0.09 mm., III 0.4 mm., IV 0.22 mm., V 0.3 mm., VI 0.75 mm. ‘The sensoria are distributed as follows: I and II none, III row of six large circular, 1V one large circular near middle, V one large circular near distal end, VI one large terminal surrounded by several small marginal in the process. Pro-thorax—with distinct lateral tuber- cles. Rostrum—half as long as body. Abdomen covered with numerous short tubercles. Cornicles—cylindrical, 0.25 mm. long, and transverself scabrous. Wings—Clear. Primary—length 2.24 mm., width 0.83 mm. Cubitus— well defined. Stigma—long and slender. Radius—sharply curved. The third oblique is twice forked. (In this form the second fork of the third oblique is much nearer the margin than in the wine-red form.) The first and second obliques are straight and extend to the margin. Secondary—length 1.12 mm., width 0.37 mm. They have well defined subcostal extending to the tip of the wing and two discoidals. The first discoidal joins the sub-costal at a distance of one-third and the second discoidal joins it at two-thirds distance from base to wing-tip. Style—prominent, conical, hairy. AptERouS VivipARouS FeMALE.—Length 1.67 mm., width 0.78 mm. Differs from winged form as follows: The distribution of the sensoria (Figure 5, M) is as follows: I, II, II] and IV none, V one large circular near the distal end, VI one large terminal in the nail-like process. Sense-hair— few. Cornicles ..21 mm. long. (Figure 4, E.) It will be noted that the pro-thoracic tubercles of this green form ally it apparently to the genus Macrosiphum. It is, however, for the present left with Rhopalosiphum violae. Pemphigus radicicola, n. sp. WINGED VivipArouS FrEMALE—Length 1.9 mm., width 0.8 mm., wing expanse 4.6 mm. Prevailing color—dark brown. Thorax and antennae —somewhat darker. Legs—lighter. Shape—nearly cylindrical. (Figure 6.) Head—Short, broader than long. Vertex bisected by a distinct suture. Narrower than thorax. Compound eyes—large, with prominent terete (ocel- lar?) tubercles just behind near the posterior border. Antennae (Figure 5, H) do not artse from frontal tubercles ; five-jointed ; 0.85 mm. long; with an apical nail-like process on last article. The lengths of the respective articles are as follows: I 0.06 mm., II 0.12 mm., III 0.38 mm., IV 0.12 mm., V 0.17 mm. The distribution of the sensoria is as follows: I and II none, III many large and small circular ones, [V one large terminal and one large marginal tear the proximal end, V one large cup-shaped terminal surrounded by several irregular marginals in the process. Pro-thorax—without lateral tubercles. Rostrum—half as long as body. Abdomen—very distinctly segmented along sides. Breathing spiracles along sides are very prominent, and raised on ESSIG, APHIDIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 9 small. tubercles. Cornicles—wanting. Legs—short, hairy, without sensoria. Wings—sub-hyaline, the veins lightly pigmented along margins. Primary— length 1.9 mm., width 0.67 mm. Cubitus—well defined. Stigma—short and broad, nearly trapezoidal in shape. Radiws—curved. ‘The third oblique pre- sents but two straight remnants near the margin. A slight vein-trace shows a connection to form the forks. ‘The first and second obliques arise from the same point near the cubitus and fork towards the margin. Secondary—length 1.5 mm., width 0.47 mm., with two discoidals. The first and second discoidals arise from the same point on the sub-costal about one-third its length from the wing base and extend nearly to the margin. The first curves away from the base while the second oblique curves towards the base of the wing. Cauda —rounded and hairy. Sty/e—wanting. Figure 7. Pemphigus radicicola AptTERouS VivipARous FEMALE.—Length 1.42 mm., width 1.19 mm. Differs from the winged form as follows: Prevailing color—mealy-white, sometimes shading off into a gray. The eyes are very dark. Head—Without bisecting suture, nearly straight across frontal margin. Compound eyes—round, very small antennae (Figure 5, G)—lengths of the articles as follows: I 0.06 mm., II 0.13 mm., III 0.16 mm., IV 0.09 mm., V 0.18 mm.—total length 0.62 mm. The sensoria are distributed as follows: I, II and III none, IV one large circular near distal end, V one large cup- 10 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY shaped terminal surrounded by several marginals in the process. Abdomen— deeply segmented. (Figure 7.) Nympu oF Viviparous ApTEROUS FEMALE.—These young are about one- tenth as large as the adult, and resemble them in most respects. The body is very hairy. The antennae (Figure 5, F) are longer than the body, very hairy, four-jointed, 0.53 mm. long (nearly as long as in adult), with an apical nail-like process on last article. The comparative lengths of the articles are as follows: I 0.05 mm., II 0.09 mm., III 0.19 mm., TV 0.19 mm. The sensoria are distributed as follows: I and II none, III one large circular near distal end, IV one large cup-shaped terminal surrounded by several mar- ginal in process. Rostrum—longer than body. Abdomen—slender compared with adult. This aphid was first taken at Santa Paula, Calif., Nov. 1, 1908, where it occured in considerable numbers on the roots of Amaranthus retroflexus. At Claremont it occurs in great numbers on the roots of Solanum douglasit. For several months I was unable to obtain winged specimens, which led me to place it in the genus Tychea. Late in January were obtained the winged form which showed it to belong to the genus Pemphigus. NOTES ON COCCIDAE I FE. O. ESSIG. Aspidiotus hederae IVY SCALE, OLEANDER SCALE, LEMON PEEL SCALE. Perhaps there is no other scale in this locality which utilizes more plants for food than this one. From the various names given it we may conclude as to the principal host plants. It is found very thick on English Ivy. There are few such plants in this district which are not infested with it. So to many it is known as Ivy Scale. But on oleander it seems to thrive best. Not infrequently we find it so thick as to completely cover the entire surface of the leaf. It is found on many of the domesticated plants in the gardens and seems to feed on almost anything. In this county it has done little or no damage because as yet it has not taken to the citrus trees. However, this is not the case in all other localities. Figure 8 shows this scale infesting a lemon. This and many other specimens were obtained from P. E. Smith, Horticultural Commissioner of Ventura County. The picture tells the story. There it is known as the Lemon Peel Scale, and is a very bad pest. Perhaps it may never be so here, but who knows? It takes a long time to reveal all the character- istics of some of the scales. In new localities they may struggle along for years before they become acclimatized and do any damage. Because this insect has done no harm here to the citrus industry in the past is no proof that it will never doso. Anyway its record in other places stamps it as an unwelcome visitor. Chrysomphalus citrinus YELLOW SCALE. The opinion has generally been held by: most entomologists that when an armored scale once settled and secreted her shell, she never moved again from her resting-place. A very interesting thing has just come to notice in regard to the yellow scale, which may throw some new light upon this question. After examining countless numbers of leaves infested with this scale it appears that the adult scale does move to a slight degree, in some cases almost an inch, between the time she first secretes her shell until death. Where this scale feeds no one can fail to notice the light yellow traces produced upon the leaf. In not a few cases there is left a distinct scar along the middle 12 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY of the trace, probably due to thrusts of the beak. The evidence seems to show that after the scale has sapped a portion of the leaf, it is able to puil out its rostrum and thrust it into the adjacent cells, and thus move slowly along. This is necessarily a slow process, as is shown by the fact that the longest traces are less than an inch in length, and that these traces represent months of the life of the scale. There is no other supposition ten- able, for it is certain that the rostrum of a scale cannot be so manipulated as to penetrate such distances. Many of the traces cross the midrib ,and ex- tend for some distance on both sides, —others are half circles,—all going to show that the scale must have act- ually moved, leaving the yellow trace of withered tissue behind her. A sim- ilar though not so well defined a move- ment, is observable in the red scale. Figure 8. Aspidiotus hederae on lemon Saissetia oleae BLACK SCALE. At this season of the year we find on the citrus trees only young black scale. The last eggs were hatched out before November and only the hollow shell of the mothers remain. But on the roots of night-shade, (Solanum douglasii) we find a different state of affairs. Figure 9 shows all stages of the female scale. This may furnish a ready and constant supply of scale in all orchards not free from this plant. Fumigation will not kill the scale because of their position beneath the surface of the soil, and in no case have I found a scale in the ground parasitized by the Scutellista. They apparently do not attack these root forms, so that control of the Black Scale by this insect is impossible so long as night-shade is allowed to grow under the orange and lemon trees. The farmers have evidently failed to realize the importance of this fact, for night-shade is plentiful in and about every orchard. Even in the best-kept orchards the plants are not uprooted, but cut off near the surface. In such cases new sprouts are continually appearing, furnishing a direct com- munication between the uninjured scale on the roots and the lower branches of the trees. Thus the scale propagates on the roots regardless of any amount of fumigation and supplies new broods for the orchards. Due to the protec- tion of the soil the breeding continues throughout the winter as well as in the summer. ESSIG, NOTES ON COCCIDAE 13 Not only is Black Scale found on the night-shade, but upon many other plants in the gardens, and especially in the rocky waste places or “washes” near many of the citrus groves. It is to the last condition which I wish to refer and particularly to the Rhus or Sumac which grows abundantly in all of these waste places. One need not examine closely to find Black Scale upon this plant at great distances from the citrus groves and often in great abund- ance. Sumac should not be allowed to grow near an orchard because it serves F ; iy ; ; ; Figure 9. Saissetia oleae on roots of Solanum douglasii as constant breeding places for scale, and it is in one sense useless to fumigate an orchard so surrounded without also fumigating or destroying the Sumac growing near by. Icerya purchasi COTTONY CUSHION SCALE, FLUTED SCALE, WHITE SCALE. In regard to this scale, attention should be called to the peculiar way in which it secretes honey-dew. Upon a young orange tree in the laboratory thousands of the young were 14 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY propagated. These settled usually (Figure 10) along the midrib of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the leaf. At an early stage, a week after birth, the young began to secrete honey-dew in considerable quantities, and also numbers of very delicate waxy filaments. Along these latter the subsequent honey-dew passes and collects at the tips in the form of clear transparent globules. The wax filaments vary from a half inch to three inches in length, and are so frail that the slightest disturbance of any kind would detach them, and yet they are able to support quite a large drop of honey-dew. Upon the Figure IO. Young Icerya purchasi on orange leaf dorsal surface of the leaves these filaments extend in a very confused state, same appearing to be independent of the large globules of honey-dew shown in the accompanying cut. The confusion is due to the fact that the filaments not being able to hang down as they are excreted, drop over and are shoved along the surface of the leaf. The honey-dew, passing out along these fila- ments, collects in the large transparent globules shown in the figure. Those globules isolated, are so, simply because the delicate waxy threads have been blown away. Such a state of affairs cannot exist in open air because of the disturbances in the trees caused by wind, for even the slightest breath will blow them all away. THE RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aurantii Mask) A. J. COOK. If we except the water problem, and possibly that of fertilizers and culti- vation, no question more concerns the growers of citrus fruits than that of scale insects. Success demands their control and that often involves great expense. At present, there are four or five of these insects that are seriously destructive in Southern California: the yellow scale, the black scale, the purple scale, the mealy bug and the red scale. So blighting is the work of these insects, and so difficult and expensive their control that it is exceedingly import- ant to eradicate them, if possible, when localized, and to quarantine rigorously against them, when absent. All scale pests, when numerous, are very harmful to the plants on which they feed. The red scale is perhaps the most to be dreaded, as from the great variety of its food plants, it becomes very difficult and expensive to successfully fight it. Its enemies have not in the past been able to hold it in check, or prevent its spread. We are fortunate, in our immediate locality, Claremont, in that we do not number this red scale among the obstacles to success. It is, however, close to us on three sides. If we are wise, we will not only keep it out, but will insist that the few colonies, known to be near us, be fought to the death. Right action in this matter means a tremendous saving to our citrus fruit growers. (Figure 11.) FAMILY OF SCALE INSECTS—COCCIDAE. A word about this family of insects that includes the scale insects and the mealy bugs is desirable. The females are always wingless, though both sexes are scale-like in form at first, while the mature male is always possessed of two wings. Like the Aphids, or plant lice, and the Aleyrodids or white flies, they belong to the Homopterous division of the true bugs or Hemiptera. In this sub-order the wings are much alike, and all are quite similar from end to end. All insects in this order are pre-eminent for their sucking habits. Their rostrum or beak is made up of needle-like mouth-parts and modified specially for piercing and sucking. SUB-FAMILIES OF COCCIDAE. There are several sub-families of coccids, three of which greatly interest our orchardists. The females of Dactolypinae or mealy bugs preserve the form 16 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY of the very young throughout life, and are always active. They secrete a waxy covering that serves to protect them, and often crawl into crevices and even into the earth and so are difficult to combat. Their habit of movement throughout life, makes their spread more easy and rapid. They are seriously destructive. The second sub-family, Coccinae, are unarmored, and so when we touch the scale, we touch the insect. We are familiar with these in the black scale, the frosted scale and the soft brown scale. The absence of armor or a separate scale to shelter them makes their destruction more easy. The third sub-family Diaspinae, has a separate scale which consists of a central projecting portion, made up of exuviae or cast skins of the young or larval insect, and a flatter border, a secretion, which is gray or brown. We are familiar with these in the red, yellow, purple, greedy and lemon-peel or ivy scale. This protection makes their destruction more difficult; hence the in- Figure 11. Chrysomphalus aurantii on lemon and orange creased dosage for red and purple scale when we fumigate. In both these last two sub-families, the young insects soon become anchored, by their long beaks, and so move but little, though the Coccinae can, and upon occasion do so move till quite late in their development. With the first moult the Diaspinae lose their feet and antennae, and the motion that they seem to make must be largely through their rostrum or beak. REPRODUCTION OF THE COCCIDS. Many scale insects, like the black and purple scale, are oviparous, that is they are egg-laying. These are likely to be more regular or periodic in their appearance, and so we may find most all eggs, or young, or mature, at one and the same time. ‘This, of course, is favorable to their destruction, as we COOK, THE RED SCALE 17 can plan to fight them, while they are all young and more easily killed In our warm climate, this regularity is likely to disappear. Other scale insects, like the red, the yellow and the soft brown, are ovoviviparous, that is, no eggs are ever laid, but the insects are born alive, and are active at once. We are likely to find these in all stages of growth and development at any day or week of the year. Of course, this makes their destruction the more difficult. NATIVITY OF THE RED SCALE. China has been claimed as the original habitat of the red scale. This may or may not be true. The fact, however, as we shall see, that it feeds on a great variety of food plants, has resulted in its being spread all over the earth, so that now it is found on all continents, in New Zealand, Hawaii, and many other islands. This fact is important, as it makes their introduction into Figure 12. Female of Chrysomphalus aurantii new localities more easy and probable. We are not surprised then to learn that this pernicious scale is in every county of Southern California. Localities, like Claremont, that are free from its ravages, should spare no effort to keep it out; those not so fortunate, should, for self-interest and good of neighbors alike, be equally active to exterminate the pest in their orchards. Of course, this is very difficult, when the insects have become thoroughly distributed. DESCRIPTION AND LIFE HISTORY. The scale of this species is very minute, hardly larger than a small pin- head, approximately circular if covering the female, and slightly elongate, in the male. It is sufficiently transparent to show the insect beneath, and so, at 18 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY first, is centrally yellow, and later brown or red, while about the margin it is gray. The thorax of the female is much broader than the abdomen, and reaches around and projects back of the latter, so that the insect appears to be deeply lobed behind. Figure 12 shows a greatly enlarged view of the female. Figure 13. Young of Chrysomphalus aurantii The markings of the anal plate, or last segment of the abdomen, as with all scale, is characteristic of the species. The figure shows the eggs and young which may often be seen through the semi-transparent crust of the insect. Early (Figure 13) the legs, eyes, antennae and mouth-parts may be seen, but all of these, excepting the mouth-parts disappear with the first moult. The Figure 14. Pygidium of Chrysomphalus aurantii head and thorax are closely joined, and back of these is the abdomen, which in this species consists of four segments. The last segment, the pygidium, is marked with plates and lobes, (Figure 14), which are necessary often to identify species, and can only be studied by use of the compound microscope. COOK, THE RED SCALE 19 The form and position of the six lobes at the end of this last segment, are shown in Figure 14, as also the spine-like plates which fringe the segment. The reproductive and anal openings are often visible, while the genital glands or spinnerets—the centred circles—are grouped and arranged as seen in the figure. The paragenital glands are not found in the red scale. The male when mature, as with all coccids, has two wings. This and its form make it curiously different from the female, or from its earliest self, while it is yet under the sheltering scale. (Figure 15.) Figure 15. Male of Chrysomphalus aurantii The life history is as follows: The young may be produced in broods of from twelve to seventeen each, and are being born continuously for several days. We never see eggs except in the abdomen of the partially transparent female, as the young are born alive. We sce then that there may be several genera- tions each year, and that they are enormously prolific. The red scale works on all of our citrus trees, on the rose, apple, peach, apricot, and other rosaceous trees, on fig, olive, many palms, sago palm, oak, willow, euonymus, and not a few weeds. I have seen a stem of castor bean so thickly covered with the red scale, as to hide the stem absolutely from sight. THE YELLOW SCALE. The Yellow scale is so closely related to the red scale, that scientists regard it as a sub-species, only. It is Chrysomphalus aurantii citrinus. ‘The scale is less convex, not so regular at the margin, less distinctly red in color, slightly more transparent, and the female adheres more tenaciously to the scale, than does the female of the red scale. The most obvious characteristic of the yellow scale, is that it rarely works on the twigs, but only on the leaves and fruit, while the red scale anchors and sucks from twigs, leaves and fruit. The yellow scale is more prone to change its position on the leaves, and so is more likely to be indicated on the foliage, by yellow spots. While the yellow scale is not generally regarded as so serious an enemy of the citrus grower as the red scale, yet in many cases it is an enemy of no mean rank. Orchards near here are badly injured by the yellow scale. 20 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY PARASITES AND PREDACEOUS INSECTS. As yet no parasitic or predaceous insect has served to appreciably lessen the number or work of the red scale in our orchards of Southern California. This is not true of the yellow scale, as the golden Chalcid has in many places seemed sufficient to hold that species in check. As suggested above, the yellow scale about Claremont is not controlled by its insect enemies. This greater freedom from attack by parasites of the red scale, is another important differ- ence between these two species, which in general are so closely similar. While we should strive to secure parasites that would be as efficient to destroy this red scale as is Novius (Vedalia) cardinalis to combat the cottony cushion scale, yet we must not withhold fumigation until some enemy is found that will control the scale. We can never afford to allow our orchards to be victimized by these devitalizing sappers. PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS. The fact that the red scale is armored, and exists at all times, and in all stages of growth, makes its destruction very difficult. It requires nearly or quite double the black scale dosage and about as much cyanide as does the purple scale, if we would secure complete extermination. At times, even when we are so thorough, it may be wise, to give a second fumigation as soon as we can learn, by examination, that the first fumigation was not entirely effective. The tents must be gas proof, and should remain over the trees for a full hour. They should also in all cases of fumigation, be marked as directed by the Department of Agriculture, that there may be no guess work, and so no possible mistake in determining the amount of cyanide to be used in each case. As is true of all scale insects, all weeds that may harbor the scale should be kept entirely from the precincts or neighborhood of the orchard. Clean culture, except in winter, when the best success demands that a good cover crop of legumes be grown, must be practiced. In case of red and purple scale, it is wise to gather and burn the fallen fruit. On fallen leaves scale insects soon die, but they live a long time on fruit. HINTS ON FUMIGATION. Fumigation for black scale may best be done, when all the scale are hatched and still quite young. For our locality this is October and November, though when necessary this may extend from September Ist to February 1st. As there are more or less black scale in all our citrus and deciduous orchards, this is a good time to treat any scale, as we then kill both the black and the other as well. It is not wise, however, in case the red scale, the purple scale, or the mealy bug are found to be introduced into any region, to wait for autumn, but to fumigate at once. They are all very prolific, and are easily scattered by wind, bird or insect, so immediate extermination should be the watchword, as soon as their presence is discovered. To delay treatment is costly and dangerous, and makes the orchard a menace to all others in the region. For the red, the yellow, and the purple scale, it is fortunate if we can fumigate in COOK, THE RED SCALE 21 summer just after all the fruit is gathered, as then we have only the scale on the leaves and twigs to combat; but as we would hasten if fire was nearing dynamite so we must not delay if we discover red scale in our orchards. For the purpie scale and for the mealy bug, double the black scale dosage is required, and for the red and yellow scale it may be economy to hit as hard. The Woglum system of marking the tents and amount of cyanide to be used, must be followed. There is no excuse now for any guess work. ‘The loss suffered by our growers in the past, by faulty guess work and too slight dosage, has been enormous. Nor is it enough, as we have been doing, to simply fumigate our citrus trees. We must look after every tree, shrub and plant that harbors the scale in question. May I, in closing, emphasize four vital points, the observance of which, in the past would have saved hundreds of thousands of dollars to our orchardists ; and the observance of which can and must save, in the future, fortunes to our people. First we must have thorough inspection, that every orchardist shall know just the condition of his orchard. Secondly, we must have a sufficient dosage, that will always kill the scale, though the tree is a little burned at times. Third, we must have fumigation by the block system, and thus save the necessity of fumigating oftener than once in three or four years. Lastly, the Exchanges must do the work, as this alone will insure that the scale will always be “hit hard.” Absolute thoroughness is the Golden Rule in fumi- gation. PLANT LOUSE PARASITES I (Fam. Braconidae, Subfamily Aphidiinae.) Cc. F. BAKER Various rearings of these very beneficial insects in California, together with ample series taken in general collecting has made it necessary to work up our material and indicate the new forms. A table of all the genera, adapted from Ashmead and Szepligeti, is given here to guide western students. A. Abdomen round, the oviduct curved beneath it. B. First cubital and first discoidal cells confluent. Monoctonus Hal. BB. First cubital and first discoidal cells separated. Toxares Westw. AA. Abdomen lanceolate; oviduct not curved beneath it. B. Wings with three cubital cells. Ephedrus Hal. BB. Wings with less than three cubitals. C. First cubital and first discoidal cells separated. Praon Hal. CC. First cubital and first discoidal cells confluent or wanting. D. Discoido-cubital cell closed. E. Metanotum much humped. Coelonotus Forst. EE. Metanotum not much humped. F. Radius much elongated, enclosing more than two-thirds of the radial area. Aclitus Forst. FF. Radius shortened, enclosing hardly one-third of the radial area. Aphidius Nees DD. Discoido-cubital cell open. E. Radius wholly wanting. Paralipsis Forst. EE. Radius at least in large part, distinctly present. F. With a transverse cubital vein. Lysiphlebus Forst. FF. Without transverse cubital veins. G. Head longer than broad, strongly widened behind eyes. Dyscritus Marshall GG. Head transverse. H. Second discoidal cell present. Diaeretus Forst. HH. Second discoidal cell wanting. I. Metanotum not areolated. Adialytus Forst. II. Metanotum areolated. J. Radius reaching four-fifths of radial cell. Lipolexis Forst. JJ. Radius not reaching four-fifths of radial cell. Trioxys Hal. BAKER, PLANT LOUSE PARASITES 23 Genus Ephedrus Hal. A. Legs and antennae piceous; body black. californicus n. sp. AA. Legs honey yellow to rufous; antennae partly yellow basally; body piceous. nevadensis Ni. sp. Ephedrus californicus n. sp. Female: Length 2.25 mm. Black, polished, legs, antennae, and petiole, piceous, bases of tibiae yellowish. Antennae 12-jointed. Second abscissa of radius equaling first transverso-cubital and first abscissa of cubitus. ucandibles black. Claremont, California. Coll. C. F. Baker. Ephedrus nevadensis n. sp. Female: Length 2mm. Black, polished, abdomen and antennae piceous, legs all rufous. Antennae 12-jointed. Second abscissa of radius as long as first abscissa of cubitus, but longer than first transverse cubital. Mandibles rufous. Male: Length 1.75 mm. Thorax also piceous. Legs all lemon yellow. Antennae 11-jointed, piceous, second and third joints honey yellow. Ormsby County, Nevada. Coll. C. F. Baker. Genus Praon Hal. The two species described below have the color largely black and the sides of the petiole strongly divergent posteriorly. A. First discoidal cell open. nanus N. Sp. AA. First discoidal cell closed. occidentalis n. sp. Praon nanus n. sp. Male: Length 1.75 mm. Black, shining, the legs including coxae and ab- domen, pale rufous, the tarsi and abdomen towards tip, becoming piceous. Antennae piceous. Postmarginal and radial stumps and basal vein about equal in length, the distinct part of cubitus about twice as long. Second dis- coidal cell not distinctly closed. Ormsby County, Nevada. Coll. C. F. Baker. Praon occidentalis n. sp. Female: Length 2 mm. Black, shining. Abdomen entirely testaceous, paler below. Legs including coxae, clear rufous. Antennae piceous, 18- jointed. First and second discoidal cells both distinctly closed. Subdis- coidal nervure not interstitial, but entering second discoidal cell at about one- third its length. Ormsby County, Nevada. Coll. C. F. Baker. 24 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Genus Aphidius Nees All of the species described below are not black, but testaceous, and all but one have much yellow. In all, the face is largely yellow. In all, the subdis- coidal nervure is interstitial and does not touch the second discoidal cell. A. Second abscissa of radius shorter than the transverse cubitus ; a small species with almost the entire body and appendages concolorous testaceous. delicatus Nn. sp. AA. Second abscissa of radius longer than the transverse cubitus; large species with yellow legs. B. Part of sternum only, yellow; length 2 mm. C. Antennae 19-jointed, first two articles yellow; all of face below antennae, yellow. coloratus un. sp. CC. Antennae 20-jointed; first two articles testaceous; only the clypeus yellow. coloratus var. ferruginosus n. var. BB. All of lower half of thorax yellow; length 2.5 mm. fzlcher n. sp. Aphidius delicatus n. sp. Male: Length, 1.5mm. Whole insect testaceous, abdomen and legs basally paler. Clypeus and mandibles yellow. Metanotum smooth, shining, with a delicate median carina which splits posteriorly, the branches diverging to pos- terior border; and on either side posteriorly with a large rounded sharply bordered pit. Apparently near to Aphidius avenaphis Fitch. Ormsby County, Nevada. Coll. C. F. Baker. Aphidius coloratus n. sp. Female: Length 2mm. Head and thorax piceous, abdomen testaceous, legs entirely, prothorax, mouthparts, all of face below antennae, and first two joints of antennae, yellow. Antennae 19-jointed, flagellum piceous. Metano- tum smooth and shining, with a median carina which is split behind and encloses a small lozenge-shaped area which extends to posterior border; on either side of this latter area is a large sharply bordered pit. Jeannette, Pa. Coll. H. G. Klages. Aphidius coloratus var. ferruginosus n. var. Female: Length 2mm. Piceous to dark testaceous, petiole and hind mar- gin of second segment pale. Legs sternum, and prothorax, yellowish to ferruginous. Clypeus and mandibles yellowish. Antennae 20-jointed, piceous, first two articles testaceous. Metanotum identical with that in the species Polk County, Wisconsin. Coll. C. F. Baker. Aphidius pulcher n. sp. Female: Length 2.5 mm. Head and thorax above, laterial margins of second tergiun, and discs of third, fourth and fifth terga shining piceous, the rest of abdomen, the sternum, pleurae and prothorax, ferruginous to yellowish. BAKER, PLANT LOUSE PARASITES 25 Legs throughout, mandibles face, first article of antennae and tips only of second, honey yellow. Metanotum smooth and shining, with an undivided median carina and two large shallow pits behind. Ormsby County, Nevada. Coll. C. F. Baker. Genus Diaeretus Forst Among several California species there is one common form which is quite different from any described eastern species, and which is as yet undescribed. It is nearest to D. americanus Ashm., but lacks any trace of cubitus, and has antennae far shorter than the body. Diaeretus californicus n. sp. Female: Length 2.5 mm. Black, shining, petiole and metanotum piceous, the latter with a strong median keel, which is split behind, the lateral faces posteriorly each with a large circular, bordered depression. Legs ferruginous, the hind coxae black. Antennae 14-jointed, piceous, the first two articles yellowish. Reared from plant lice on wild mustard, at Claremont, California, and also taken commonly in general collecting. , Hrsg pe Mag er: i) VV Py ici oom 7 cyat Ae 44 a » <<. 5 PARTS OF THE INVERTEBRATA PACIFICA For Sale and Exchange. Vol. I, pp- 1-12, HOMOPTERA (On the Gnathodus species of the Abdominalis group, Cc. Baker; A New Genus of the Typhlocybini, C. F. Baker; The genus Erythria in America, C. F. Baker; New Typhlocybini, C. F. Baker; Notes on Macropsis, C. F. Baker). Price 30 cents. Vol. I, pp. 13-16, ORTHOPTERA (First Decade of Orthoptera issued in the Inver- tebrata Pacifica series, C. F. Baker; Additional Notes on Pacific Coast Orthop- tera, C. F. Baker; New Orthoptera, C. F. Baker; New Orthoptera from Nevada, A. P. Morse). Price 10 cents. Vol. I, pp. 17-40, DIPTERA (Reports on Californian and Nevadan Diptera, I, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species and genera by D. W. Coquillet; Two New Siphonaptera, C. F. Baker). Price 60 cents. Vol. I, pp. 47-70, HYMENOPTERA (Descriptions of some new Hymenoptera from California and Nevada, J. J. Kieffer, New Hymenoptera mostly from Nicaragua, P. Cameron). Price 75 cents. Vol. I, pp. 71-84, ORTHOPTERA (Second Report on Pacific Slope Orthoptera, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species by J. A. G. Rehn and C. F. Baker). Price 35 cents. Vol. I, pp. 85-92. NEUROPTEROID INSECTS (Notes on Neuropteroid Insects of the Pacific Coast of North America, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species by Nathan Banks). netne ‘ rice Ut : POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Beginning now as a quarterly, it is hoped next year to make this journal bi- monthly. In both cases the subscription price will be the same, $1.00 to domestic and $1.25 to foreign postal countries. Reprints of any of the articles can be obtained at a nominal price. The pages of the journal are open especially to West American entomologists, but also general taxonomic papers from any source will be welcome. Especially is this journal offered in exchange for all entomological and zoological journals, and proceedings, transactions, and reports of societies, mu- seums, laboratories, and expeditions. The separates are likewise offered in ex- change for other entomological and zoological separates. Address all remittances and communications to POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, C. F. Baker, MANAGING EDITor, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. Pomona Journal of Entomology Volume I JUNE 1909 Number 2 STUDIES IN OXYBELIDAE I c. F. BAKER. Having been engaged for many years in the collection and study of material in this family, such results as have been obtained will now be published from time to time. A provisional table of the genera is presented herewith. Dr. Brauns has kindly sent a specimen of his South African Oxybelomorpha. It is evidently closely related to Oxybelus, but possesses mandibles deeply emarginate below. The sub-median cell is much shorter than the median, the transverse median nervure uniting with the median much before the origin of the basal nervure ; but this condition occurs also among some of our American Oxybelus. The form of the scutellar armature in Oxybelomorpha is quite unique. We have, in America, what we suppose to be true Belomicrus, separated as indicated in the following table. If our species are true Belomicrus, then the Belomicrus capensis of Brauns is not... Indeed I can see no reason why capensis should not be placed in true Orybelus, as it has the spine and squamae of that genus and the characteristic metanotal sculpture which so well separates all true Oxybelus from the group that we have been calling Belomicrus. On the other hand, specimens of Belomicrus Handlirschii Brauns, and Oxybelus ligula Gerst., sent by Dr. Brauns, both belong to Notoglossa. As we now know them, the Oxybelidae are best developed in North America and Europe, the few African species being quite anomalous in one way or an- other. Members of the family are common in Central and South America, but all of the many species of those regions which I have seen, belong in Notoglossa. A. Metanotum with only fine sculpturing on the lateral faces, the lateral bound- ing carinae strongly crested above squamae approximate or coalescing be- hind, completely enclosing the post-scutellum, and without pointed limbs or angles; scutellum never carinate. Belomicrus Costa. AA. Metanotum with very coarse sculpturing on the lateral faces, more so above, the lateral bounding carinae not strongly crested above; squamae never coalescing behind, always leaving apex of postscutellum free, and usually either with pointed limbs or angled margins ; scutellum usually carinate. 28 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY B. Mandibles deeply emarginate beneath, Oxybelomorpha Brauns. BB. Mandibles not distinctly emarginate beneath. C. Spine very narrow and entire at the slender tip; mandibles with a median tooth within; clypeus in male usually tri- dentate. Oxybelus Latr. CC. Spine broad and emarginate, or very broadly truncate at tip; mandibles without a median tooth within; clypeus in male usually 4 or 5-dentate. Notoglossa Dahlb. Genus Belomicrus Costa The group of species referred to this genus are alike in having the punctura- tion of body fine, close, and remarkably uniform. They all have on the anterior two-fifths of mesonotum a very fine double median stria. The scutellum is always entirely without a median carina. The squamae are quite characteristic, not pos- sessing either a lateral or a terminal tooth, and completely enclosing the post- scutellum. The sculpturing of the metanotum is peculiar to the group; there are median and lateral carinae, the lateral being distinctly elevated above; the median fovea is of various shapes; the lateral faces are covered with numerous fine irreg- ular oblique striae, and between these the surface is variously punctuate. The clypeus is usually stated to be simple in both sexes, but in the male of cookwi it is tridentate. The lateral ocelli are said, in generic characterizations, to be as near to the median ocellus as to the eye margin or nearer, but in colorata for instance, they are nearer to the eye margin. A sharp groove extends from the upper part of the inner eye orbit to the lateral ocelli. TABLE OF SPECIES. A. Abdomen almost entirely reddish; funicle longer than the first flagellar article. B. Length of postscutel and squamae together more than half the entire width. colorata n. sp. BB. Length of postscutel and squamae together much less than half the entire width. cladothricis Ckll. AA. Abdomen largely black; funicle as short or shorter than the first flagellar article. B. Scape and all tibiae, of male, clear honey yellow. cooku n. sp. BB. Scape and all tibiae, of male, with large piceous spots on one side. forbesti Robt. BAKER, STUDIES IN OXYBELIDAE 29 Belomicrus colorata n. sp. FemMALe: Length 5mm. A large species with bright yellow markings, and a largely reddish abdomen, and related to cladothricis. Clypeus truncate anteriorly, its disc subtuberculate, the raised portion naked, smooth, shining, and with a few large punctures; remainder of face covered with appressed silvery hair, which is thickest below. Antennae piceous above and sordid yellowish below, the funicle distinctly longer than the first flagellar article. Mandibles honey yellow at base to piceous at the simple tips. Lateral ocelli dis- tinctly nearer to the eyes than to the median ocellus. Pronotum honey yellow, except a spot at middle. Tegulae rufous. Meso- pleura with the vertical groove broad, shallow, and ill defined. Postscutel yellow, and with its broad squamae longer than half the entire width, the squamae com- pletely coalescing, the median posterior emargination is shallow and with a rounded apex. Median fovea of metanotum broader than long, the oblique striae on lateral faces distinct, but the puncturation very inconspicuous. Legs with tips of femora, all of tibiae, and basal joints of tarsi honey yellow ; the tarsi are piceous apically. Abdomen ferruginous, the first, second, and third tergites with posterior margins broadly yellow. Pygidium triangular, the width at base greater than the length. This fine species was taken in Ormsby county, Nevada. Belomicrus Cookii n. sp. Mare: Length 4.75 mm. A medium-sized species with banded abdomen, without ferruginous except at tip, and related to forbesit. Clypeus tridentate anteriorly; its disc not subtuberculate, entirely covered with the silky appressed pubescence of the face, and near the anterior margin transversely banded with yellow. The antennal scrobes are unusually large and deep. Antennae with honey yellow scape and sordid ferruginous flagellum, the funicle distinctly shorter than the first article of flagellum. Mandibles honey yel- low at base to piceous at their simple tips. Lateral ocellus about as far from eye margins as from median ocellus. Pronotum with a broad, yellow, almost continuous band which reaches on to scapulae. Tegulae rufous. Mesonotum with the vertical groove distinct and sharply marked. Postscutel yellow, and with its squamae not longer than half the entire width at base, the squamae coalescing behind, the posterior emargination V-shaped. Median fovea of metanotum triangular and twice as long as broad, the oblique striation on lateral faces very fine and the puncturation very distinct. Legs with tips of femora, all of tibiae, and basal portion of tarsi honey yellow, the tarsi piceous apically. Abdomen black, the first to fifth tergites broadly banded posteriorly with very pale yellowish, the last two segments sordid ferru- ginous. FEMALE: Clypeus truncate. Scape honey yellow only at tip, the remainder piceous. Abdomen with yellow bands on segments I to IV, but gradually fading out posteriorly, the last half of third segment, and the remainder of abdomen bright ferruginous. Pygidium broader at base than long, triangular, but the 30 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY lateral margins incurved, the surface shining and with scattering coarse punc- tures. This well marked wasp is common at Claremont, California, during the month of April. I have named it for Dr. A. J. Cook, the veteran head professor of Biology in Pomona College. Belomicrus cladothricis Ckll. This species is common about Claremont, California, during the early spring Belomicrus forbesii Robt. I have specimens of this species taken at Denver, Colorado, by Oslar. NOTES ON CALIFORNIAN COCCIDAE II k. O. ESSIG. Erium lichtensioides Ckll. This scale (Figures 16 and 17) occurs in considerable numbers on the stems and twigs of Artemusia californica in the wastes about Claremont. It is separated from Pseudococcus because of its globular form and the large fluffy, cottony sac Figure 16. Erium lichtensioides which encloses the scale body. The body is nearly round, smooth, and of a very dark purple color, as is also the body juice. The antennae are 7-articled and slightly hairy. The articles are short, the first and last being longest. The legs are very short and abortive. So far as is known this scale has not been reported from this section before. It is easily recognized by the very large snow-white globular body-sac, which stand out in sharp contrast to the dark color of Artemisia californica. Coccus longulus Doug. (Figure 21) LONG SCALE. Like many of the scales, this one has existed here for many years unnoticed, until of late its spreading has alarmed many of the citrus growers in this district. On March 26th, the College inspectors reported this scale in the orchard of Mr. W. Jones, but in no very great numbers. At the present date it is estimated that it has multiplied nearly 100% and is still increasing. ‘The young forms have generally been confused with Soft Brown Scale, and were reported as such. The 32 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Figure 17. Erium lichtensioides external appearance (Figure 21) is as follows: on the dorsum is a distinct light- colored line, on either side of which and parallel to it, is a less distinct line. Figure 18. Parlartoria pergandii ESSIG, NOTES ON CALIFORNIAN COCCIDAE 33 Around the margins of the body is quite a wide colorless band extending half-way from the margin to the light median line on the dorsum. The general back- ground color is a gray. ‘The bodies are rather long, and may be so thick on the branches as to overlap so as to completely hide the surface of the branch. The antennae are /-articled and small, as are also the legs. The scale multiplies with wonderful rapidity, and so far as our examination goes, they are nearly free from parasites. They attack principally the younger shoots. Soft Brown Scale seems to limit its attacks by preference to the young trees, but this scale works as successfully on the old trees as on the young, but generally on the new growth. So far, it has been reported in only two orchards in any considerable numbers. Due to the fact that it is an unarmored scale, and so soft, it will probably not require any special fumigation dosage to rid the orchards of it. An ordinary Black-Scale dosage will do the work. But because of its ability to increase in such enormous numbers, care must be taken to rid the orchards of it before a great deal of damage has been done. Like most imported scales it has probably been struggling under changed climatic conditions, and is just beginning to thrive. B Figure 19. Parlatoria pergandii Parlatoria pergandii, Comst. (CHAFF SCALE.) The female scale is irregularly elongated about 1 mm. in length, gray with darker marginal exuviae. The female body has three pairs of well-developed anal lobes (Figure 19), and a less developed fourth lobe resembling a papilla. Be- tween the lobes and extending along the lateral margins are numerous hairs which arise from well-defined lateral lobes. There are four groups of circumgenital pores, the two upper groups usually having six, the two groups near cauda having seven. ‘The whole body shows the segmentation very plainly. 34 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY The scale of the male is narrow and much smaller than the scale of the female. In color it is considerably lighter, with marginal exuviae a littlel darker. (Figure 20.) aes Figure 20. Parlatoria pergandii This is more strictly a Florida scale, and is seldom found in California. Its color is so near that of the bark that infections are very difficult to find when only on the trunk or stems. However, it readily attacks the leaves and fruit so that it soon becomes very evident. Inspector C. H. Vary found this scale in great numbers infesting trunk (Figure 18), leaves, and fruit of a single orange tree in the very center of Pomona. It was promptly eradicated, for it was feared that it might do the damage here that it has done in Florida. Mr. E. K. Carnes reports this scale in only two districts in the State. Figure 21. Coccus longulus. THE GENUS PSEUDOCOCCUS IN CALIFORNIA H. O. ESSIG. The following study of this difficult genus is manifestly provisional. Much more material is needed to complete the work, and we should be glad to receive specimens of any species of the genus from any source. A synopsis of the females has been a great desideratum, and we have attempted to construct such a synopsis. It now includes all the known native species and most of the introduced forms, though there are some like Pseudococcus calceolariae, P. afinis, and P. hymen- ocleae recorded as having occurred in the State, which we have not yet seen. These insects are very variable in most of their characters, and minute differences in the antennal articles or bristle arrangement taken alone are not to be depended upon. So we have used only characters, or combinations of characters, which seem to us, on the average, to be good. For this reason in using the synopsis, care should be taken to examine numbers of specimens of any form, since even species having normally 8-articled antennae occasionally include specimens with only 7 articles or even with 9. We have not always used in the synopsis charac- ters which we consider of greatest value in distinguishing the species, since we are limited always to the use only of described characters in those species we have not seen. PROVISIONAL KEY TO FEMALES OF CALIFORNIA PSEUDOCOCCUS. A. Third article of antennae about half the length of the last; spines of anal lobes usually much longer than circumanal spines ; body with only powdery wax. B. Antennae 7-articled and very small. C. Antennae with very few hairs, article 4 shorter than 5; body slate colored. Under bark of Artemisia californica. artemisiae n. sp. CC. Antennae with normal number of hairs, article 4 longer than 5: body pinkish. Under bark of Quercus agrifolia. agrifoliae n. sp. BB. Antennae 8-articled, large, and normally haired. C. Antennae with article 2 much longer than 3. D. “Sides with rows of spinneret spine areas’; eggs enclosed in an egg-sac. On Azalea. azaleae. 36 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY DD. Sides without rows of spine areas ; eggs not enclosed in an egg-sac. On roots of Solanum douglasii. solant. CC. Antennae with article 2 sub-equal with 3, (either may be slightly the longer). D. On leaves and in cracks of bark of Quercus chryso- lepis. quercus DD. On roots of Eriogonum latifolium. maritimus. AA. Third article of antennae three-fourths as long or longer than the last; spines of the anal lobes usually not longer than the circumanal spines, (citri, sequoiae, etc., excepted.) B. Lateral margins of all segments with dark callouses bearing two to eight denticles; antennae 7-articled. On roots of Ramona stachy- oides. Phenacoccus ramonae n. sp. BB. Lateral margins of segments without denticled callouses; antennae 8-articled. C. Article 1 of antennae as long as 3 and longer than 2; spines of anal lobes as long as circumanal spines. On Opuntia and under the bark of Sambucus glauca. obscurus 0. sp. CC. Article 1 of antennae shorter than either 2 or 3. D. Anal wax appendages as long as entire body; spines of anal lobes much shorter than circumanal spines ; on various cultivated plants. longispinus. DD. Anal wax appendages much shorter than the body. E. Articles 2 and 3 of antennae sub-equalling 8; anal wax appendages about one-third length of the body. F. Article 1 of antennae shorter than 5; Viviparous. G. Body wholly light yellow, thickly covered with mealy Wax; secreting only a white cottony matter, on which the female rests. On the leaves of Ramona polystachya. craw. ESSIG, THE GENUS PSEUDOCOCCUS IN CALIFORNIA 37 GG. Body dark-olive, almost black, thinly covered with snow-white mealy wax; secreting a cottony sac which finally entirely en- closes the female. On Ephedra californica. ephedrae. FF. Article 1 of antennae longer than 5; Oviparous. G. Body dull salmon-brown; eggs laid in a fluffy cot- tony mass. On Cupressus macrocarpa, Thuja orien- talis, Araucaria excelsa. ryan, GG. Body lead-gray; eggs laid in an ovisac. On Cupres- sus govermana, Liboce- drus decurrens. andersoni. EE. Article 2 of antennae distinctly shorter than 8; anal wax appendages much shorter than one-third length of body. F. Article 3 of antennae shorter than 8. G. Body yellow; eggs deposited in a cottony mass. On various cultivated plants. citri. GG. Body gray; eggs deposited in a definite ovisac. H. Body with conspic- uous lateral wax plates ; female not at all enclosed in the ovisac. On se- quoia sempervir- ens. sequotiae. HH. Body without con- spicuous lateral wax plates; fe- male completely enclosed in the 38 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ovisac. On Cup- ressus macnabi- ana. dudleyi. FF. Article 3 of antennae longer than 8; spines of anal lobes not longer than circumanal spines; eggs de- posited in an ovisac. On Cupres- sus macrocarpa. cupressi. Pseudococcus artemisiae n. sp. This species (Figure 22) is decidedly long and narrow in shape, varying from 1 to 6 mm. in length, and from 1-5 to 2 mm. in width. Due to the lack of covering, Figure 22. Pseudococcus artemisiae which is but a very fine powdery wax, the segmentation of the body is very dis- tinct. The body is slate colored, without distinct lateral or anal wax appendages. The female encloses herself in a thin cottony sac, and one such enclosed individual can be seen in the figure. When boiled in K O H, the body becomes cardinal, while the legs and anten- nae remain transparently yellow. The antennae are 7-articled (Fig. 23 H), the articles are short and in many cases wider than long. Article 3 is less than half as long as 8. The comparative lengths of the others may be seen in the cut. The mouth-parts are slender—the rostral loop, short. The legs (Fig. 24 H) are normal in length. The femur is longer than the tibia, the tarsus nearly as long as the tibia. The anal lobes (Fig. 25 H) are furnished with spines longer than the circumanal spines. The whole pygidium is rounded, and the segmentation indistinct; there are 3 denticles on either lobe, and few hairs on the body. ESSIG, THE GENUS PSEUDOCOCCUS IN CALIFORNIA ( BGS H Figure 23. A, P. obscurus on Sambucus glauca; B, P. solani; C, P. obscurus on roots of Opuntia; D, P. longispinis; E, P. ramonae: F, P. citri; G, P. agrifoliae; H, P. artemisiae. 39 40 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Figure 24. A, P. obscurus on Sambucus; B, P. solani; C, P. obscurus on Opuntia; D, P. longispinis; E, P. ramonae; F, P. citri; G, P. agrifoliae; H, P. artemisiae: I, P. obscurus: on Sambucus ESSIG, THE GENUS PSEUDOCOCCUS IN CALIFORNIA 41 Figure 25. B, P. solani; C, P. obscurus on Opuntia; D, P. longispinis; E, P. ramonae F, P. citri; G, P. agrifolae; H, P. artemnisiae 42 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Pseudococcus agrifoliae n. sp. This species occurs scatteringly under the bark of Quercus agrifolia. So far, it has been taken only in the locality of Claremont. This species (Figure 26) is more or less oval in shape, although many may be found which are decidedly oblong. In length the body varies from 2 to 6 mm., and in width from three-fourths to nearly the length. The pink body, though nearly naked, is slightly covered with a fine white powdery wax, without distinct lateral or anal wax appendages. When boiled in K O H, the body becomes cardinal—the antennae and legs remain light-yellow. The antennae (Figure 23 G) are 7-articled—the third article being about half the length of the last. The comparative lengths of all the articles are shown in the illustration. The mouth-parts are long, reaching nearly to the middle coxae. The legs (Figure 24 G) are light brown, of medium length, and covered with Figure 26. Pseudococcus agrifoliae hair. See the cut for the comparative lengths of the different parts. The spines of the anal lobes (Figure 25 G) are twice as long as the circumanal spines. Each lobe is furnished with two ventral denticles. There is very little or no hair on the body. This species lives beneath the bark and in the cracks of the bark of Quercus agrifola. It was first taken by P. E. Smith at Santa Paula. It differs from P. quercus in the following: P. quercus :—Body, greenish-brown ; antennae, 8-articled ; tarsus, one-third as long as tibia; host-plant, Quercus chrysolepis. P. agrifoliae :—Body, pink; antennae, 7-articled; tarsus, nearly as long as tibia; host-plant, Quercus agrifolia. ESSIG, THE GENUS PSEUDOCOCCUS IN CALIFORNIA 43 Pseudococecus obscurus n. sp. In form this species is very narrowly oblong. The body segmentation is very distinct. The length of the body varies from 2 to 6 mm., the width from 1 to 2 mm. The covering consists of a very thin, powdery wax, which does not hide the light-gray body of the insect. The lateral wax appendages are not distinct, while those of the anal segments, though short, are well defined. When boiled in K O H, the body becomes cardinal—the legs and antennae remain a light-brown. The antennae (Figure 23 C) are 8-articled, and normal in size and in the distribution of hair. Article 3 is three-fourths as long as the last. Article 1 is as long as 3 and longer than 2. The mouth-parts are short and stout; the rostral loop about half the length of the body. The legs (Figure 24 C) are short and stout. The coxa is as broad as long; the tibia is longer than the femur, and twice as long as the tarsus; the claw is short and well curved. The spines of the anal lobes are as long as the circumanal spines (Figure 25 C). The lobes are quite hairy, with two denticles on the inner margin of each. The body is nearly desti- tute of hair. Figure 27. Pseudococcus obscurus on Sambucus glauca The eggs are laid in loose cottony masses. The male is unknown. This species was taken from the roots of Opuntia at the home of Mr. Meserve, County Horticultural Commissioner, on Boyle Heights, Los Angeles. In some ways it resembles P. ryani, but differs as the antennae shows in the following comparative table of the different articles beginning with the longest article first: P. ryani :—8, 3, 2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 7. P. obscurus :—8, 1, 3, 2, 4, 7, 5, 6. A form taken at Santa Paula (Figure 27) from the bark of Sambucus glauca resembles P. obscurus closely enough to be the same species or a variety of it. The following cuts will point out some of the resemblances: Fig. 23 A; Fig. 24 A; Fig. 24 I. It was first taken by County Commissioner P. E. Smith, of Santa Paula. 44 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Phenacoccus ramonae n. sp. The form (Figure 28) is distinctly oval, tapering slightly toward the anat end. The body varies from 4 to 6 mm. in length, and from 1 to 3 mm. in width. The covering is a snow-white cottony wax, which entirely hides the insect’s body. The segmentation is very distinct. Along the median line of the dorsum there extends a well-defined ridge, on either side of which is a similar indistinct ridge parallel to it. On the margin of each segment is a stout waxy lateral plate, the two anal wax plates being twice as long as any of the rest, and much heavier. Beneath the covering the body is greenish-yellow. When treated with K O H the body becomes perfectly colorless and transparent, the legs and antennae re- main brown. The antennae (Figure 23 E) are 7-articled, long and rather stout. Article 3 Figure 28. Phenacoccus ramonae is longer than 8. The comparative lengths of the remaining articles may be found in the cut. All of the articles are hairy. The mouth-parts are short and stout— the rostral loop, reaching nearly to the caudal end of the body. ‘The legs ( Figure 24 E) are long, stout, and covered with short hair. The femur is longer than the tibia, the tarsus about one-half the length of the tibia, the claw is slightly curved with a tooth on the inner margin. The spines of the anal lobes (Figure 25 E) are shorter than the six circumanal spines. The body is covered with hair. On the lateral margins of all the segments are dark callouses bearing from 2 to 8 denticles. ESSIG, THE GENUS PSEUDOCOCCUS IN CALIFORNIA 45 Although a large number of specimens were taken no eggs were to be found. They are probably viviparous. Figure 29. Phenacoccus ramonae The adult male is yet unknown, but the pupa-cases (Figure 29) were taken in considerable numbers. Figure 30. Phenacoccus ramonae The insect lives in great numbers (Figure 30) in the ground on the roots of the Black Sage, Ramona stachyoides. 46 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY It has also been taken from the foliage of Diplacus glutinosus, in the canyons above Claremont. Figure 31. Pseudococcus citri Pseudococcus citri (Risso) It is to be noted that this species (Figures 31 and 32) as it occurs in Cali- fornia, has been treated very fully in Bulletin No. 1 of the Claremont Pomological Club, Claremont, California, February, 1909. Figure 32. Pseudococcus citri APHIDIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA II E. O. ESSIG. Rhopalosiphum violae Pergande In the last number of the Journal this aphid should have been credited to Pergande, who described it in Canad. Ent. vol. 32, page 29, 1900. Aphis citri Ashmead WrnGeEpD VivipArous FEMALE (Figure 33)—Length 1.2 mm., width 0.7 mm., wing expansion 2.65 mm. Prevailing color of thorax dark, abdomen dull green. Head narrower than thorax, nearly twice as wide as long. Compound eyes Figure 33. A.andB. Aphis citri large, black, with long terete tubercles just behind the outer margin. Antennae (Fig. 34 1) arise from inconspicuous tubercles, nearly black, longer than the body, 1.42 mm., six-articled with a nail-like process near the apex of the sixth article. The lengths of the respective articles are as follows: I 0.5 mm., II 0.07 mm., III 0.4 mm., IV 0.35 mm., V 0.3 mm., VI 0.45 mm. Distribution of the 48 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Q DT era (PE a AY Figure 34. Aphis citri. A and B, apterous female; C, pupa; D, cornicle of nymph; E, cornicle of apterous female: F, cornicle of winged female; G, antenna of young; H, antenna of apterous female; I, antenna of winged female ESSIG, APHIDIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 49 sensoria; I and II none, III five large circular in a row, IV none, V one large circular at distal end, VI several small ones in the nail-like process. All but the last articles are scabrous, and there are few hair on any. Pro-thorax with lateral tubercles. Rostrum reaching just beyond the metathoracic coxae. Abdomen more or less distinctly segmented. Cornicles (Figure 34 F) cylindrical and scabrous, length 0.18 mm. Legs moderately long with few hair and no sensoria. Wings hyaline; primary length 2.3 mm., width 0.95 mm. Cubitus very distinct, as are all the veins. Stigma long and linear. Radius sharply curved. First and second obliques straight, third twice forked. Secondary wing, length 1.55 mm., width 0.6 mm. Swb-costal extends to wing tip, slightly bent at base of second discoidal. First Discoidal arises from the sub-costal one-third its distance from the base. Second Discoidal arises from the sub-costal two-thirds its distance from the base. Style cylindrical, about one-half the length of the cornicles. The pupa is shown in Figure 34 C. Figure 35. Callipterus juglandicola, winged female Apterous Viviparous FEMALE.—(Figs. 34 A and B.) Length 1 mm., width 0.8 mm. Differs from the winged form in the following respects: Body nearly globular, scarcely segmented at all, dark brown to black. Antennae (Fig. 34 H) considerable longer than the body, 1.22 mm., and without Sensoria. The corni- cles of this form are shown in Figure 34 E. Nymex or Apterous Viviparous FEMALE.—Resembles the adult only is much smaller and lighter in color. The antennae (Fig 34 G) are five-jointed, the respective lengths are as follows: I 0.93 mm., II 0.95 mm., III 0.12 mm., IV 0.06 mm., V 0.22 mm. The body segmentation is more distinct than in the adult. Rostrum reaches just beyond the meta-thoracic coxae. The cornicles of the nymph are shown in Figure 34 D. This, the Orange Aphid, attacks with vigor the tender shoots of the citrus trees. Although in time checked by parasites, it succeeds in doing a great deal 50 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Figure 36. Callipterus juglandicola, A, A, and C, forms of pupae; D, antenna of pupa; E, antenna of winged female y ) yy) Aa L ted yy. )\) ESSIG, APHIDIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 51 of damage, first because of its rapid increase in numbers, and secondly because it is able to do a life’s work before the parasite finally gets the upper hand. In this way much of the new growth is completely destroyed and the tree thereby injured. By summer only isolated specimens of the aphid can usually be found. I have referred this common Californian form to the Aphis citri of Ashmead, but it is only a provisional reference, since there appears to be no way in which to tell what Aphis citri really is, except by a re-examination and description of authentic material. Callipterus juglandicola Koch Pterocallis juglandicola—Kalt. Lachnus juglandicola—Kalt. Aphis juglandicola—W alk. Wincep Vivirparous FEMALE.—(Figure 35). Length 2 mm., width 0.5 mm., wing-expansion 3.25 mm. Prevailing color light yellow, many individuals hay- ing two rows of black blotches on the back extending from the pro-thorax to the cauda. Eyes are red. Head short and as wide as the pro-thorax, with few short hairs on the frontal margin between the antennae. Compound eyes large, bright red, with long terete tubercles just behind near the posterior border. Antennae (Figure 36 E) arise from head without tubercles, are shorter than the body, being 1.975 mm. long. The tips of articles III, IV, V and VI are very deeply clouded. There are very few hairs. Article VI has an apical nail-like process. The lengths of the respect- ive articles are as follows: 10.1 mm., II 0.1 mm., III 0.375 mm., [IV 0.225 mm., V 0.125 mm., VI 0.15 mm. The distribution of the sensoria is: I and II none, III one row of seven large circular, IV none, V one large circular near distal end, VI several small ones in the nail-like process. Pro-thorax without lateral tuber- cles. Rostrum short, not reaching the coxal cavities. Abdomen distinctly seg- mented, in many cases having two rows of black blotches on the back. With few hairs and no digitules. Cornicles short, with trumpet-shaped openings. Legs moderate in length, more or less hairy, without sensoria. Hind tibia with a large black blotch on the distal end. Wings hyaline, veins slightly pigmented at the base. Primary wings, length 2.45 mm., width 0.75 mm. Cubitus well defined Stigma long and narrow. Radius well curved. First and second obliques straight, third well curved and twice-forked. Secondary wings, length 1.45 mm., width 0.5 mm. ‘Two discoidals. S‘ub-costal bends down at the base of the sec- ondary discoidal and extends to the wing-tip. First discoidal is straight and arises from the sub-costal nearly one-half its length and extends nearly to the margin. Second discoidal curves slightly in and arises from the sub-costa at about two-thirds its length and extends nearly to the margin. Cauda rounded and hairy. Style obscure. AptEerous VivipArous F—EMALE.—This form has not been obtained, although close watch has been kept since the first of January. Pura oF Viviparous FEMALE.—(Figure 36 A, B. C.) In shape and color the pupa resembles the adult form. On the frontal margin the hairs are replaced 52 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY by digitules, these digitules also cover the entire body in great numbers, as is shown in the cut, but disappear with age, as there are none on the adults. Antennae (Figure 36 D) five-jointed and short, being 0.58 mm. long. The com- parative lengths of the various articles are: I .05 mm., II .05 mm., III 1.18 mm., IV 0.2 mm., V 0.1 mm. The margins of the abdomen are deeply serrulated between the many digitules. Rostrwm very short, scarcely reaching beyond the pro-thorax. Legs as in the adult, only the hind tibia are marked, but in many cases the middle tibia, and in some cases, all the tibia are marked at the distal end with a conspicuous black blotch. Of all the Southern California Aphids this form, commonly known as the Walnut Aphid, is of the greatest economic importance because of the damage it does to the Walnut trees. Introduced from Europe on nursery stock, it is attacking the walnut, Juglans regiae, so vigorously as to threaten the out-put greatly. Its appearance is so sudden and it often occurs in such countless num- bers that the damage is done before the orchardist is aware of its presence. Last year it threatened to ruin the entire crop on the Limoneira Ranch. It appears to infest walnut trees throughout Southern California, settling on the under side of the leaves, in numbers which at times entirely hide the whole surface. HOST INDEX TO CALIFORNIAN COCCIDAE EK. O. ESSIG AND C. F. PAKER. The following index was first roughly compiled from all the publica- tions which we happened to have at hand, and it was then submitted for correction and emendation to Mr. Edw. M. Ehrhorn (Deputy Horticultural Commissioner at San Francisco), Mr. R. S. Woglum (of the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture), Mr. E. K. Carnes (Superintendent of State Insec- tary), Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell (of Colorado State University), and Mr. E. R. Sasscer (of the U. S. Department of Agriculture). The index has been completely remodelled in accordance with their notes. But even now it is evidently only a good beginning. Many of our common cultivated plants, some of which at least must often be scale infested, are not yet on the list, while there are beyond doubt many more native species awaiting discovery. We shall be glad to publish all further corrections or additions, since the great value of a complete index of this sort is very evident. We heartily invite all Californian entomologists, horticultural commissioners, and in- spectors, to assist us in the development of this index. It is especially important that we indicate the species which are found only in the greenhouses. Of course, quarantine records are not in reality Californian records at all, though very important as indicating the species which are actually knocking at our doors for admis- sion. It is a splendid justification of our quarantine service, that so many of such records have remained, so far as we know, only quarantine occur- rences. Several specialists have indicated to us that the name Aspidiotus camelliae should be used in place of Aspidiotus rapax, Dactylopius coccus in place of Coccus cacti, and Pulvinaria vitis in place of Pulvinaria innumerabilis, all of these apparently being changes compelled by priority rules. Abies sp.? (Fir). Chionaspis pinifoliae. Abies concolor (White Fir). Aspidiotus ehrhorni. Leucaspis kelloggi. Physokermes concolor. Abies grandis. Leucaspis kelloggi. Abies magnifica (Red Fir). Leucaspis kelloggi. Abies shastensis. Leucaspis kelloggi. 54 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Acacia sp.? Aspidiotus camelliae—W oglum. Aspidiotus hederae. Chrysomphalus aurantii—W oglum. Diaspis boisduvalii. Only in quarantine—Carnes. Icerya purchasi. Saissetia oleae. Acacia melanoxylon (Australian Blackwood). Aspidiotus hederae. Aspidiotus camelliae. Acer sp.? (Maple). Aspidiotus hederae. Chrysomphalus tenebricosus. Leucaspis japonica. Pulvinaria vitis. Acer macrophyllum (Large-leaved Maple). Eulecanium crawii. Adenostoma fasciculatum (Chamiso). Eriococcus adenostomae. Eulecanium adenostomae. Lecaniodiaspis rufescens. Tachardia sp.—Woglum. Xerophilaspis prosopidis—W oglum. Adiantum pedatum (Maiden-hair Fern). Aspidiotus hederae—Woglum. Saissetia hemisphaerica. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Aesculus californica (Buckeye—Horsechestnut). Aspidiotus aesculi. Agathis—see Dammaria. Agave sp.? (Century Plant). Chrysomphalus aurantii. Alder—see Alnus. Almond—see Prunus amygdalus. Alnus sp.? (Alder). Pulvinaria ehrhorni. Alnus japonica. Chionaspis wistariae . Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Ananassa Sativa (Pineapple). Diaspis bromeliae . Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Andropogon furcatus. Aclerda californica. Anemone sp.? Pseudococcus affinis—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Appic—see Pyrus malus. Apricot—see Prunus armeniaca. Aralia sieboldi. Coccus hesperidum—Ehrhorn. Saissetia hemisphaerica—Ehrhorn. Saissetia oleae. HOST INDEX TO CALIFORNIAN COCCIDAE on on Araucaria bidwelli. Chrysomphalus rossi—Woglum. Chrysomphalus aonidum. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Eriococcus araucariae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Pseudococcus aurilanatus. Araucaria excelsa. Eriococcus araucariae—Woglum. Araucaria imbricata. Chrysomphalus rossii—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Eriococcus araucariae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Arbor-vitae—see Thuya. Arctostaphylos viscida. Aspidiotus abietis—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Areca catechu (Betel Nut). Saissetia hemisphaerica. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Artemisia californica (Sagebrush). Eriococcus artemisiae. Erium lichtensioides—Essig. Phenacoccus artemisiae. Pseudococcus artemisiae—Essig. Pseudococcus crawii. Pseudococcus hymenocleae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Asparagus plumosus (Climbing Asparagus). Aspidiotus hederae. Asparagus sprengerii. Aspidiotus hederae—Ehrhorn. Aspidistra lurida. Chrysomphalus aonidum—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Hemichionaspis aspidistrae. Only at quarantine and in greenhouses— Ehrhorn. Atriplex sp.? Phenacoccus simplex. Atriplex canescens. Ceroplastes irregularis—Ehrhorn. Atriplex confertifolia. Ceroplastes irregularis—Ehrhorn. Aucuba sp.? Phenacaspis chinensis. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Australian Blackwood—see Acacia melanoxylon. Azalea sp.? Pseudococcus azaleae. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. In greenhouses—Carnes. Baccharis pilularis. Aspidiotus camelliae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Bahia sp.? Ceroputo bahiae. Targionia dearnessi—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. 56 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Bambusa sp.? (Bamboo). Antonina crawii. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Aclerda tokionis. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Odonaspis bambusarum. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Begonia sp.? Pseudococcus citri. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Betelnut—see Areca catchu. Bigelovia sp.? Pulvinaria bigeloviae. Bigelovia brachylepis. Targionia bigeloviae. Bignonia sp.? Ceroplastes cistudiformis. Pseudococcus citri. Blackberry—see Rubus nigrobaccus. Blackwood—see Acacia melanoxylon. Boston Fern—see Nephrolepis exaltata. Bottle brush—see Callistemon. Boxwood—see Buxus. Brunfelsia sp.? Eucalymnatus perforatus. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Bryophyllum calycinum (Ghost Plant). Saissetia hemisphaerica. Buckeye—see Aesculus. Buxus sp.? (Boxwood). Aspidiotus hederae—Woglum. Saissetia hemisphaerica—W oglum. Saissetia oleae—Woglum. Cacti (genera? species?)—-see also Opuntia, Cereus, etc. Dactylopius coccus—U. S. Dept. Agrel. Diaspis cacti—Ehrhorn. Diaspis echinocacti—Ehrhorn. Cajaput tree—Melaleuca leucadendron, Calla Lily—see Richardia africana. Callistemon lanceolatus (Bottle brush). Pseudococcus citri. Camellia japonica. Aspidiotus camelliae. Aspidiotus hederae. Ceroplastes ceriferus. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Chrysomphalus aonidum. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Coccus hesperidum. Fiorina fiorinae. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Parlatoria pergandii—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Pseudaonidia duplex. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. In greenhouses—Carnes. Pseudaonidia paeoniae. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Pulvinaria camelicola—W oglum. Saissetia hemisphaerica. HOST INDEX TO CALIFORNIAN COCCIDAE 57 Camphora officinalis (Camphor tree). Aspidiotus camelliae. Chrysomphalus aurantii—W oglum. Pseudaonidia duplex. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Carex breweri (Sedge). Exaeretopus caricis—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Castor Bean—see Ricinus communis. Cattleya sp.? Diaspis boisduvalii. Diaspis cattleyae. These two scales only at quarantine and in green- houses—Ehrhorn. Ceanothus sp.? Chionaspis salicis-nigrae. Ceanothus cuneatus. Ceroputo yuccae. Aspidiotus camelliae—Essig. Ceanothus rigidus. Mytilaspis concolor—U. S. Dept. Agrecl. Century Plant—see Agave. Cercis sp.? (Judas Tree, Red Bud). Aspidiotus camelliae. Chamiso—see Adenostoma fasciculatum. Chenopodium sp.? Eriococcus neglectus—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Cherry—see Prunus cerasus. Cissus sp.? Aspidiotus camelliae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Citrus aurantium (Orange). Aspidiotus camelliae. Aspidiotus hederae. Ceroplastes ceriferus. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Ceroplastes cirripediformis. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn Ceroplastes rubens. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Chrysomphalus aonidum. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Chrysomphalus aurantil. Chrysomphalus citrinus. Coccus hesperidum. Eulecanium pruinosum—U. S. Dept. Agrcli. Hemichionaspis aspidistrae. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn Howardia biclavis. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Icerya purchasi. Lepidosaphes beckii. Lepidosaphes gloverii. Parlatoria pergandil. Pseudococcus citri. Pseudococcus longispinis. Saissetia hemisphaerica. Saissetia oleae. 58 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Citrus deoumanus (Forbidden Fruit, Fruit of Paradise, Pomelo, Grape Fruit). Same list as for Citrus aurantium. Citrus medica (Citron). Same list as for Citrus aurantium. Citrus limonum (Lemon). Same list as for Citrus aurantium. Citrus trifoliata. Aspidiotus perniciosus var. andromelas. Clianthus sp.? Coccus hesperidum—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Coachwhip—see Fouquieria splendens. Cochineal cactus—see Nopalea cochinellifera. Coconut palm—see Cocos nucifera. Cocos nucifera (Coconut Palm). Pseudococcus pseudonipae—W oglum. Saissetia hemisphaerica. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Cocos plumosa. Hemichionaspis aspidistrae. Rare in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Coelogyne cristate. Aspidiotus dictyospermi—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Coleus sp.? Pseudococcus citri. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Pseudococcus longispinis—Carnes. Cornus sp.? Chionaspis salicis-nigrae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Lepidosaphes ulmi—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Crane’s-bill—see Geranium. Crataegus sp.? ..(Thornapple, Hawthorn). Aspidiotus perniciosus. Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin). Pseudococcus citri. Cupressus goveniana. Leucaspis cupressi. Pseudococcus andersoni. Cupressus macnabiana. Aspidiotus coniferarum shastae. Pseudococcus dudleyi. Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey Cypress). Chionaspis striata—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Pseudococcus cupressi. Pseudococcus ryani. Xylococcus macrocarpae. Currant—see Ribes. Cycas revoluta (Sago Palm). Coccus hesperidum. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Fiorina fiorinae. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Pseudococcus longispinis. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. HOST INDEX TO CALIFORNIAN COCCIDAE 59 Cydonia vulgaris (Quince). Aspidiotus camelliae. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Cydonia japonica (Japanese Quince). Aspidiotus camelliae. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Cyperus alternifolius. Aspidiotus hederae. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Pseudococcus citri. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Pseudococcus longispinis. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Cypress—see Cupressus. Dammaria ovata. Pseudococcus aurilanatus. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Dammaria vitiensis. Pseudococcus aurilanatus. Only in greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Dioscorea sp.? Aspidiotus camelliae—W oglum. Diospyros kaki (Japanese Persimmon). Diaspis pentagona. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Diplacus glutinosus (Monkey flower). Ceroputo yuccae. Phenacoccus ramonae—Essig. Distichlis maritima (Marsh spike grass). Sphaerococcus distichlium. Dracaena sp.? Aulacaspis crawii. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Pseudococcus longispinis. Saissetia oleae. Elaeagnus sp.? Chionaspis difficilis. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Lepidosaphes beckii. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Elaeagnus umbellata. Aulacaspis crawii. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Elder—see Sambucus. Elm—see Ulmus. Ephedra californica. Pseudococcus ephedrae. Erica sp.? Aspidiotus camelliae. Eriogonum sp.? Erium eriogoni. Eriogonum fasciculatum. Eriococcus palmeri. Recorded also from Lower California on Boureria sonorae—Ehrhorn. Eriogonum latifolium. Pseudococcus maritimus. 60 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOCY Eucalyptus sp.? Aspidiotus camelliae. Aspidiotus hederae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Phenacaspis latissima. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Saissetia oleae. Euonymus japonicus. Aspidiotus camelliae. Chionaspis euonymi. In nursery houses—Ehrhorn. Chrysomphalus aurantii. Saissetia oleae. Euonymus latifolius. Chionaspis euonymi. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Euphorbia pulcherrima (Poinsettia). Chrysomphalus aurantii. Pseudococcus citri. Saissetia oleae. Ferns—see Filicales. Fescue—see Festuca scabrella. Festuca scabrella. Ripersia festucae. Ficus carica (Fig). Aspidiotus camelliae. Chrysomphalus aurantii. Chrysomphalus citrinus—Carnes. Coccus hesperidum. Fig—see Ficus carica. Filicales (Ferns). Ceroplastes rubens. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Hemichionaspis aspidistrae. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Pinnaspis buxi. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Pseudococcus citri. In greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Pseudococcus longispinis. In greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Pulvinaria psidii. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Saissetia hemisphaerica. In greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Saissetia oleae. In greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Fir—see Abies. Forbidden Fruit—see Citrus decumana. Fouquieria splendens (Octillo, Coach-whip, Vine Cactus, Jacob’s Staff). Lecaniodiaspis rufescens. Fragaria chilensis (Wild Strawberry). Aulacaspis rosae. Fuchsia sp.? Aspidiotus camelliae. Pseudococcus citri. Gardenia sp.? (Jasmine). Ceroplastes ceriferus. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Coccus hesperidum. Genista alba. Aspidiotus camelliae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. HOST INDEX TO CALIFORNIAN COCCIDAE Geranium sp.? (Crane’s-bill). Icerya purchasi—Carnes. Pseudococcus citri. In greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Coccus hesperidum. Saissetia hemisphaerica. Saissetia oleae. Ghost Plant—see Bryophyllum calycinum. Gleditschia sp.? Aspidiotus camelliae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Golden Rod—see Solidago. Gramineae, genera? species? ..(Grass). Odonaspis graminis—Ehrhorn. Pseudococcus salinus. Ripersiella kelloggi. Grape—see Vitis. Grape-fruit—see Citrus decumana. Grass—see Gramineae, Festuca, Distichlis and Spartina. Gum-tree—see Eucalyptus. Hawthorn—see Crataegus. Hedera helix (English Ivy). Aspidiotus camelliae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Aspidiotus hederae. Coccus hesperidum—Carnes. Fiorina fiorinae. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Saissetia oleae. Heteromeles arbutifolia. Coccus hesperidum—uU. S. Dept. Agrel. Hibiscus sp.? (MarshMallow, Rose Mallow, Chinese Rose). Diaspis pentagona. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Ceroplastes ceriferus. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Saissetia oleae. Incense Cedar—see Libocedrus decurrens. Ivy—see Hedora helix. Jacob's Statff—see Fouquiera splendens. Jasmine—see Gardenia. Judas Tree—see Cercis. Juglans regia (Walnut). Aspidiotus camelliae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Aspidiotus juglans-regiae. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Eulecanium cerasorum—Woglum. Eulecanium pruinosum. Juniperus sp.? (Juniper). Diaspis carueli. Kentia sp.? Aspidiotus dictyospermi—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Lantana sp.? Orthezia insignis—W oglum. 61 62 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Larrea sp.? Tachardia larreae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Latania borbonica (Fan Palm). Aspidiotus hederae. Laurus nobilis (Sweet Bay Tree). Coccus hesperidum—Ehrhorn. Eucalymnatus perforatus. Saissetia oleae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Lavatera assurgentifolia. Aspidiotus camelliae—U. S. Dept. Agrel. Lemon—see Citrus limonum. Leucadendron argenteum (Silver Tree). Saissetia oleae. Libocedrus decurrens (Incense Cedar). Aspidiotus ehrhorni. Pseudococcus andersoni. Ligustrum ovalifolium (Privet) Saissetia oleae. Ligustrum vulgare (Privet). Aspidiotus perniciosus. Magnolia sp.? Aspidiotus hederae. Eulecanium magnoliarum. Lepidosaphes gloverii. Leucaspis japonica. Maiden-hair Fern—see Adiantum pedatum. Maple—see Acer. Marsh Mallow—see Hibiscus. Mazzard—see Prunus avium. Melaleuca leucadendron (Cajaput Tree, Paper-bark Tree). Saissetia oleae. Melia azedarach (Umbrella Tree). Aspidiotus cameliae—Ehrhorn. Aspidiotus hederae. Coccus hesperidum. Mistletoe—see Phoradendron flavescens. Monkey Flower—see Diplacus glutinosus. Monterey Cypress—see Cupressus macrocarpa. Morus sp.? (Mulberry). Aspidiotus hederae. Chrysomphalus aurantii—Woglum. Mulberry—see Morus. Myrtus sp.? (Myrtle). Aspidiotus cameliliae—Ehrhorn. Coccus hesperidum. Saissetia oleae. HOST INDEX TO CALIFORNIAN COCCIDAE 63 Nerium oleander (Oleander). Aspidiotus hederae. Chrysomphalus auranti. Coccus hesperidum. Pseudococcus citri—Essig. Pseudococcus longispinis—Carnes. Saissetia hemisphaerica. Saissetia oleae. Nephrolepis exaltata (Boston Fern). Pinnaspis buxi. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Saissetia hemisphaerica. In greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Nightshade—see Solanum douglasit. Nopalea cochinellifera (Cochineal Cactus). Dactylopius coccus. Norfolk Pine—see Araucaria. Oak—see Quercus. Octillo—see Fouquieria splendens. Odontoglossum sp.? Aulacaspis boisduvalli—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Aulacaspis miranda—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Olea fragrans (Olive). Aspidiotus camelliae. Aspidiotus hederae. Chrysomphalus aurantii. Pollinia pollini. Appeared in Los Angeles county, but was eradicated— Carnes. Pseudaonidia duplex. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Saissetia oleae. Oleander—see Nerium oleander. Olive—see Olea. Opuntia sp.? Pseudococcus obscurus—Essig. Opuntia littoralis. Aspidiotus hederae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Orange—see Citrus aurantium. Orclids—see Coelogyne, Cattleya, Odontoglossum. Osage Orange—see Toxylon pomiferum. Paeonia sp.? (Poeony). Leucaspis japonica. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Pseudaonidia paeoniae. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Pseudococcus citri. In greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Palma Cristi—see Ricinus communis. Palmae genera? species? (Palms). Aspidiotus hederae. Phenacaspis cockerelli. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Phenacaspis latissima. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Pandanus sp.? (Screw Pine). 64 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Palms—see Cocos, Kentia, Latania, Phoenix. Paper Bark Tree—see Melaleuca leucadendron. Peach—see Prunus persica. Pear—see Pyrus. Persimmon—see Diospyros kaki. Phlox sp.? Saissetia oleae. Phoenix dactylifera. Aspidiotus hederae. Chrysomphalus aurantii. Parlatoria victrix—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Phenicococcus marlatti—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Phoradendron flavescens (Mistletoe). Aspidiotus camelliae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Aspidiotus hederae. Saissetia oleae—U. S. Dept. Agrel. Phormium tenax. Pseudococcus calceolariae. Picea sp.? (Spruce). Chionaspis pinifoliae. Picea breweriana. Phenacoccus kuwanae. Pine—see Pinus. Pineapple—see Ananassa sativa. Pinus sp.? (Pine). Chionaspis pinifoliae. Pinus attenuata. Aspidiotus californicus. Pinus attenuata tuberculata. Aspidiotus abietis—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Pinus coulteri. Aspidiotus abietis—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Pinus insignis. Aspidiotus hederae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Chionaspis pinifoliae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Coccus hesperidum—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Physokermes insignicola. Pinus lambertiana (Sugar Pine). Aspidiotus abietis—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Aspidiotus californic Pinus ponderosa (Bull Pine). Aspidiotus abietis—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Aspidiotus californicus. Aspidiotus coniferarum. Aspidiotus florenciae. Pinus radiata. Chionaspis pinifoliae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. HOST INDEX TO CALIFORNIAN COCCIDAE Pinus sabiniana. Aspidiotus californicus. Chionaspis pinifoliae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Pittosporum undulatum. Icerya purchasi. Saissetia oleae. Platycerium sp.? (Staghorn Fern). Coccus hesperidum. In greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Hemichionaspis aspidistrae. In greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Pseudococcus longispinis. In greenhouses—Ehrhorn. Pluchea sp.? Pulvinaria plucheae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Plum—see Prunus domestica. Plumbago sp.? Pseudococcus citri—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Poinsettia—see Euphorbia pulcherrima. Populus sp.? (Poplar, Aspen). Aspidiotus perniciosus. Chionaspis ortholobis. Chionaspis salicis-nigrae. Populus deltoides (Cottonwood). Aspidiotus camelliae. Chionaspis ortholobis. Populus tremuloides. Aspidiotus ancylus—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Privet—see Ligustrum. Prune—see Prunus domestica var. galatensis. Prunus amygdalus (Almond). Aspidiotus camelliae. Aspidiotus juglans-regiae. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Prunus armeniaca (Apricot). Eulecanium armeniacum. Eulecanium pruinosum. Saissetia oleae. Prunus cerasus (Cherry). Aspidiotus camelliae—Ehrhorn. Aspidiotus juglans-regiae. Aspidiotus perniciosus—Ehrhorn. Eulecanium armeniacum. Eulecanium pruinosum. Prunus domestica (Plum). Aspidiotus hederae. Aspidiotus juglans-regiae. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Chrysomphalus aurantii. Epidiaspis pyricola. Eulecanium armeniacum. Eulecanium pruinosum. 66 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Lepidosaphes ulmi. Pseudococcus longispinis. Pulvinaria amygdali—uU. S. Dept. Agrcl. Saissetia oleae. Prunus domestica var. galatensis (Prune). Aspidiotus juglans-regiae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Diaspis pentagona—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Eulecanium armeniacum. Eulecanium persicae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Eulecanium pruinosum. Saissetia oleae—Ehrhorn. Prunus persica (Peach). Aspidiotus juglans-regiae—U. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Diaspis pentagona—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Eulecanium armeniacum. Eulecanium persicae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Eulecanium pruinosum. Epidiaspis piricola. Saissetia hemisphaerica. Saissetia oleae. . S. Dept. Agrell. Prunus triflora (Japanese Plum). Aspidiotus perniciosus. Pseudotsuga taxifolia (False Tsuga). Aspidiotus abietis—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Leucaspis kelloggi. Physokermes taxifolia. Pomegranate—see Punica Granatum. Pomelo—see Citrus decumanus. Pumpkin—see Cucurbita pepo. Punica granatum (Pomegranate). Aspidiotus camelliae—Ehrhorn. Aspidiotus hederae—Ehrhorn. Saissetia oleae. Pyrethrum roseum. Saissetia oleae. Pyrus communis (Pear). Aspidiotus camelliae. Aspidiotus juglans-regiae. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Aulacaspis rosae. Epidiaspis piricola. Eulecanium armeniacum. Eulecanium cerasorum—Carnes. Eulecanium pruinosum. Lepidosaphes ulmi. Pulvinaria vitis. Saissetia oleae. HOST INDEX TO CALIFORNIAN COCCIDAE Pyrus malus (Apple). Aspidiotus camelliae. Aspidiotus juglans-regiae. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Chionaspis furfurus—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Chrysomphalus aurantii. Chrysomphalus tenebricosus. Epidiaspis piricola. Eulecanium pruinosum—W oglum. Lepidosaphes ulmi—vU. S. Dept. Agrecl. Saissetia oleae. Pyrus sinensis (Sand Pear, Chinese Pear). Aspidiotus perniciosus. Quercus sp.? (Oak). Aspidiotus densiflorae. Aspidiotus hederae. Aspidiotus yulupae. Cerococcus quercus. Chionaspis quercus. Eulecanium pubescens. Eulecanium quercitronis var. kermoides. Kermes nigropunctatus. Kermes shastensis. Pseudococcus quercus. Quercus agrifolia. Cerococcus ehrhorni. Cerococcus quercus. Chionaspis quercus—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Pseudococcus agrifoliae. Ripersia villosa. Quercus chyrsolepis. Kermes rattani—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Pseudococcus quercus. Xylococcus quercus. Quercus lobata. Aspidiotus yulupae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Chionaspis quercus—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Quince—see Cydonia. Ramona polystachya. Phenacoccus ramonae—Essig. Raspberry—see Rubus. Redwood—see Sequoia sempervirens. Rhamnus californica. Aspidiotus hederae—U. S. Dept. Agrecl. Chionaspis ortholobis—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Rhododendron sp.? Coccus hesperidum—u. S. Dept. Agrcl. Pseudaonidia duplex. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Pseudaonidia paeoniae—Ehrhorn. Rhus sp.? Aspidiotus hederae—Woglum. Chrysomphalus aurantii—Woglum. Saissetia oleae. 68 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Rhus diversiloba (Poison Sumac). Pulvinaria rhois. Rhus integrifolia. Aspidiotus hederae—U. S. Dept. Agrecl. Ribes sp.? Aspidiotus ancylus—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Aspidiotus juglans-regiae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Chionaspis furfurus—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Ribes rubrum (Red Currant). Aspidiotus hederae. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Epidiaspis piricola. Lepidosaphes ulmi. Richardia africana (Calla Lily). Saissetia oleae. In greenhouse—Essig. Ricinus communis (Castor Bean, Palma Crista). Chrysomphalus aurantii—Maskew. Saissetia oleae. Rosa sp.? (Rose.) Aspidiotus camelliae. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Aulacaspis rosae. Chrysomphalus aurantii. Eulecanium pruinosum. Lepidosaphes ulmi. Icerya purchasi. Saissetia oleae. Rubus nigrobaccus (Blackberry). Aulacaspis rosae. Coccus hesperidum—Ehrhorn. Rubus strigosus (Red Raspberry). Aspidiotus perniciosus. Aulacaspis rosae. Sage—see Artemisia. Sago Palm—see Cycas revoluta. Salix sp.? (Willow). Aspidiotus camelliae. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Chionaspis ortholobis. Chionaspis salicis-nigrae. Salix babylonica. Chionaspis wistariae. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Salvia sp.? Aspidiotus camelliae—U. S. Dept. of Agrcl. Sambucus glauca. Pseudococcus obscurus—Essig. Schinus molle (Pepper Tree). Aspidiotus camelliae—Carnes. Coccus hesperidum—W oglum. HOST INDEX TO CALIFORNIAN COCCIDAE 69 Ehrhorn. Saissetia hemisphaerica Saissetia oleae—Ehrhorn. Screw Pine—see Pandanus. Sedge—see Carex. Selaginella sp.? Pseudococcus citri. In greenhouses—Essig. Sequoia sempervirens (Redwood). Aspidiotus hederae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Pseudococcus sequoiae. Silver Tree—see Leucadendron. Slough Grass—see Spartina stricta. Snow Ball—see Viburnum. Solanum douglasii (Nightshade). Chrysomphalus aurantii—W oglum. Pseudococcus citri. Pseudococcus solani—P. E. Smith. Saissetia hemisphaerica. Saissetia oleae. Solanum umbelliferarum. Aspidiotus hederae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Solidago sp.? Saissetia oleae—Essig. Spartina stricta (Slough Grass). Chionaspis spartinae. Spike grass—see Distichlis maritima. Spruce—see Picea. Stachys pullata (Incorrectly “Stachyos’). Phenacoccus stachyos. Staghorn Fern—see Platycerium. Strawberry—See Fragaria. Sumac—see Rhus. Tea—see Thea. Thea japonica (Japan Tea). Lepidosaphes newsteadi. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Pseudaonidia paeoniae. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Thuya sp.? Diaspis carueli. Thuya orientalis. Pseudococcus ryani. Toxylon pomiferum (Osage Orange). Aspidiotus perniciosus. Trisetum subspicatum. Exaertopus caricis. Ulmus americana (Elm). Aspidiotus perniciosus. Gossyparia spuria. Lepidosaphes ulmi. 70 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Umbellularia californica. Aspidiotus camelliae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Aspidiotus hederae—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Umbrella Plant—see Cyperus. Umbrella Tree—see Melia. Viburnum sp.? Phenacaspis latissima. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Vitis vinifera (Grape). Aspidiotus camelliae. Chrysomphalus aurantii. Diaspis pentagona—U. S. Dept. Agrcl. Eulecanium magnoliarum—Carnes. Eulecanium pruinosum. Pulvinaris vitis. Walnut—see Juglans regia. Wistaria sp.? Chionaspis wistariae. Only at quarantine—Ehrhorn. Willow—see Salix. Yucca aloifolia. Saissetia oleae—Essig. Yucca whipplei. Aspidiotus hederae. Ceroputo yuccae. WEST COAST NEWS NOTES FORDYCE GRINNELL, JR. (In this department we hope to give in each number of the Journal, some idea of the doings and movements of western entomologists, notices of publications of interest to western students, notices of entomological meetings, ete. To this end, we hope that students or collectors will send in all items of entomological interest about themselves or others. Address, Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., 572 N. Marengo Avenue, Pasadena, Cal.) Mr. Erval J. Newcomer, of Palo Alto, will probably sperid the summer collecting around Lake Tahoe, where he has already spent two summers. Mr. Virgil W. Owen, of Los Angeles, has been engaged in natural history collecting on the Tres Marias Islands, off the west coast of Mexico. He is expected home the last of May. Mr. and Mrs. V. L. Clemence left Pasadena the first part of May, for a four months’ trip to Europe. Mr. Clemence will visit the British and Tring Museums, and will probably go over to Rennes, France, and see Oberthur’s collection, which is supposed to contain Boisduval’s California Lepidoptera. Mr. J. G. Grundel has presented his collection of 100 boxes of Lepidoptera to the California Academy of Sciences. This collection is especially rich in species of the Santa Cruz mountains, where Mr. Grundel lived for several years. Mr. Don. Ross, of Pasadena, made a short trip to San Clemente Island in April. The only butterfly which he saw and captured is probably the same as the mainland form—Cyaniris pseudargiolus piasus. The Monograph of the Eleodiini by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell of San Francisco, will soon be issued by the U. S$. National Museum as Bulletin No. 63, 519 pages, 13 plates, and 8 figures. This work has been in preparation for eight years. At the Entomological Conference held during the last of April at Berkeley, an organization of the Society of Economic Entomologists was effected. Prof. C. W. Woodworth was elected president ; Prof. W. B. Herms secretary-treasurer, and thirteen vice-presidents, representing the various Western States. ‘There are now five entomological clubs or societies in California, most of which, however, are in need of a tonic. Mr. Wilhelm Schrader, of Los Angeles, is doing some very interesting and significant experimental work with Dione vanillae, Junonia coenia, and Lemonias chalcedon. In Wickson’s California Fruits and How to Grow Them, 4th edition, 1909, there is a section on injurious insects, edited by Prof. W. T. Clarke, of the Univer- sity of California. On page 394 there is a figure of an insect labeled “Thrips— greatly enlarged.” The insect figured belongs to the Mallophaga or Biting Bird- lice. One would hardly look for it on a fruit tree. “I we POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Prof. W. B. Herms of the University of California, is writing a book on Medical Entomology. The annual Field Day of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society was re- cently held near San Mateo. In the Annals of the Entomological Society of America, I, 4, 1908, is an interesting account of the trap-door spiders and tarantulas of California, by Mr. C. P. Smith. There are four rather important papers referring directly to the habits of California forms, which are not to be found in the appended bibliography. I will give these titles here to render the bibliography more complete, and to bring them to the notice of students. Three of them are in publications which are seldom consulted by entomologists, which may account for their omission by Mr. Smith: Davidson, Dr. A~—An Enemy of the Trap-door Spider. Entomological News, XVI, 7, pp. 233-234, 1905. Monks, Sarah P—Trap-door Spiders. Publication of Historical Society of South- ern California, I, pp. 28-36, 1886. Monks, Sarah P.—Aestivation of Californian Mason Spiders. loc. cit. pp. 18-22, 1887. Rivers, J. J—Description of the nest of the Californian Turret-Building Spider, with some reference to allied species. Zoe, II, 4, pp. 318-320, 1892. PARTS OF THE INVERTEBRATA PACIFICA For Sale and Exchange Vol. 1, pp. 1-12, HOMOPTERA (On the Gnathodus species of the Abdominalis group, Vol. Vol. Vol. me Vol. = Vo — Vol. — Vol. Vol. ree Vol. Vol. = Vol. not C, F. Baker; A New Genus of the Typhloeybini, C. F, Baker; The genus Erythria in America, C. F. Baker; New Typhlocybini, C. F. Baker; Notes on Macropsis, C. F. Baker). Price 30 cents. I, pp. 13-16, ORTHOPTERA (First Decade of Orthoptera issued in the Invertebrata Pacifica series, C. F. Baker; Additional Notes on Pacific Coast Orthoptera, C. F. Baker; New Orthoptera from Nevada, A. P. Morse). Price 10 cents. I, pp. 17-40, DIPTERA (Reports on Californian and Nevadan Diptera, I, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species and genera by D. W. Coquillet; Two New Siphonaptera, C. F. Baker). Price 60 cents. I, pp. 47-70, HYMENOPTERA (Descriptions of some new Hymenoptera from California and Nevada, J. J. Kieffer; New Hymenoptera mostly from Nicaragua, P. Cameron). Price 75 censs. I, pp. 71-84, ORTHOPTERA (Second Report on Pacific Slope Orthoptera, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species by J. A. G, Rehn and C. F, Baker). Price 35 cents. . 1, pp. 85-92, NEUROPTEROID INSECTS (Notes on Neuropteroid Insects of the Pacific Coast of North America, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species by Nathan Banks). Price 20 cents. I, pp. 98-110, HYMENOPTERA (New western Mutillidae, I, C. F. Baker; On Some Hymenoptera collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Nicaragua, P. Cameron; Descriptions of new species of Tiphiidae from Nevada and Southern California collected by Prof. C. ¥,. Baker, P. Cameron). Price 45 cents. I, pp. 111-182, HYMENOPTERA (New Western Mutillidae, II, C. F. Baker; On some Hymenoptera, chiefly undescribed, collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Nevada and Southern California, P. Cameron). Price 55 cents. I, pp. 1383-140, HETEROPTERA (Notes on the Nysius and Ortholomus of America, C, F, Baker). Price 20 cents. I, pp. 141-159, HYMENOPTERA (The Bee Genus Pasiphae in North America, C. F. Baker; American Bees related to Melecta, C. F. Baker; On New Vespidae collected by Prof. C, F. Baker in Western, North and Central America, P. Cameron; On Some Vespinae from Belize, P. Cameron; Descriptions of Three Species of Social Vespidae with Note on Polybia albopicta Sm., P. Cameron; New Species of Tiphia collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Nevada and Nicaragua, P. Cameron). Price 45 cents. I, pp. 160-178, HYMENOPTERA (Some New Gorytes—like Wasps, C. F. Baker; Descriptions of New American 'Tiphiidae, P. Cameron; A New Mutillid near Brachy- cistis, from California, C. F. Baker). Price 45 cents. I, pp. 179-198, HYMENOPTERA (Two New Bees of the Genus Ceratina, C. F. Baker; On Some North American Species of Chartergus, P. Cameron; On Some Diploteryga of Belize and Nicaragua, P. Cameron; New Halictinae from the Western United States, J. C. Crawford). Price 50 cents. Any of these papers will be exchanged for any papers on Hemiptera or Hymenoptera in our library. Send lists of duplicates and desiderata to Cc. F. BAKER, Pomona College, Claremont, Cal. POMONA COLLEGE “Our Tribute to Christian Civilization” The best located, and best housed and outfitted College on the West Coast, with a very full corps of unusually enthusiastic and energetic professors, and a large and very vigorous student body. The laboratories in Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy are not excelled by any college of this class in Western America, and in some respects are unequalled by any institutions of any grade. Offers full Literary, Classical, and Scientific courses. Possesses well-manned schools of Music and Art, and offers exceptional facilities in library and athletics. The College should be judged by its out-put—Pomona has been very proud of hers. Claremont is admittedly at the center of one of the most salubrious, beauti- fully located and desirable residence districts in California. For further information, address POMONA COLLEGE, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA. VOLUME ONE NUMBER THREE . Pomona Fournal of Entomology OCTOBER 1909 Contents l. DEL GUERCIO, G. - - - New Genera of Aphids 2. CRAWFORD, D.L. - - - An Entomological Expedition to Guadalajara 3. CAMERON, P. - . - . Some Diplopteryga from the Southwest 4. GRINNELL, FORDYCE - - - - - West Coast News Notes PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF @Ontario-Cucamonga Citrus Assoctation BY THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY OF POMONA COLLEGE CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Beginning now as a quarterly, it is hoped next year to make this journal bi- monthly. In both cases the subscription price will be the same, $1.00 to domestic and $1.25 to foreign postal countries. Reprints of any of the articles can be obtained at a nominal price. The pages of the journal are open especially to West American entomologists, but also general taxonomic papers from any source will be welcome. Especially is this journal offered in exchange for all entomological and zoological journals, and proceedings, transactions, and reports of societies, mu- seums, laboratories, and expeditions. The separates are likewise offered in ex- change for other entomological and zoological separates. Address all remittances and communications to POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, C. F. Baker, MANAGING EDITor, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. Pomona Journal of Entomology Volume I OUGAPO)IBIT IR uO Me) Number 3 CONCERNING TWO NEW GENERA AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF APHIDS OF CALIFORNIA G. DEL GUERCIO. (The following very important paper has recently appeared in the Rivista di Patalogia Vegetale, Pavia, Anno III, n. 20-21, 1909. As this publication is inaccessible to most of our students, | have made a free translation from the Italian of the most important portions, and give it herewith.—Editor. ) Of the three species of new aphides which are figured and described by E. O. Essig in Pomona Journal of Entomology, I, 1-10, under the names of Lachnus californicus, Rhopalosiphum violae, and Pemphigus radicicola, two are here referred to new genera under the names Essigella and Trifidaphis Del Guercio. é I. Lachnus californicus Essig The pine louse resembles in a general way Lachnus agilis Kalt. From that species and all others of this small tribe, californicus differs first of all in the antennae, which are five-articled and not six. By the character of the cubital vein this species resembles more the genus Schizolachnus Mord., than the old genus Lachnus Burm., though this character, drawn from the winged female only, is far less important than one drawn from the tarsi, since the latter is a more comprehensive and constant one. So that the characters as a whole do not correspond either with those of Eulachnus or Lachnella, which latter, however, have the first tarsal article also distinctly elongate and sub- equal to half of the second article. We are obliged to exclude californicus from either of these genera on account of the nature of the antennae, and | call it Essigella, the name taken from that of the student who has collected and described the species. The new genus is distinguished from others of the Tribe Lacnidi in the following manner: 74 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Tribe Lacnidi (Lachnides) I. Tarsi with the first article much elongate, always subequal to half of the second article. A. Apterous and winged females with antennae formed always of five articles. Genus Essigella Del Guercio. (Sp. top. Lachnus californicus Essig.) AA. Apterous and winged females with antennae of six articles. Genus Eulachnus Del Guercio. II. Tarsi with the first article very short, always shorter than half of the second article. Genus Lachnus Burm. Among other characters of interest in the systematic study of the species, it is enough to mention that the apterous and winged females have shorter antennae, with the third article equal to the two following together, the two last subequal—including in the fifth article its very short appendix. It lives on a cultivated pine at Claremont, California, where it is common, according to Essig. III. Pemphigus radicicola Essig The apterous and winged females in this species have the abdomen dis- tinctly margined. ‘Their antennae are formed of five articles. In the apterous female the second article is rounded at tip where it is broader than at base and is as long as the third article, longer than the fourth, and a little shorter than the fifth. In the winged female the second article is also somewhat swollen at the tip, but is subequal to only half of the third, the third becoming attenu- ated in the apical half, while the fourth is clavate like the fifth, but shorter than it. The third article is provided with numerous sensoria of various sizes. Now, even from these characters alone it seems evident to me that this species is not a Pemphigus, and also that because of the wing venation it forms a part of the Pentafidi. In the fore wings it has the four oblique veins of Pentaphis, but in that genus the two oblique veins of the posterior wings are distant or remote, while in this they spring from practically the same point. Pemphigus radicicola resembles Pentaphis, as the genus Pachypappa resembles the genus Schizoneura, or as the genus Pemphigus resembles Tetraneura. It, therefore, can well serve for the type of a new genus, which, because of the peculiar posi- tion of the two oblique veins of the posterior wings taken in connection with the distal portion of the subcostal, may well be named Trifidaphis. The genera in question may be separated thus: Tribe Pentafidi ( Pentaphides) A. Posterior wings with the two oblique veins distinct and remote. Genus Pentaphis. (Sp. tip. Tychea trivialis Pass.) DEL GUERCIO, NEW GENERA OF APHIDS 7. on AA. Posterior wings with the two oblique veins united at the base, causing the subcostal to appear trifid at the point of division. Genus Trifidaphis Del Guercio. (Sp. tip. Pemphigus radicicola Essig.) Trifidaphis radicicola (Essig) was collected for the first time at Santa Paula in California in November, 1908, on the roots of Amarantus retroflexus, on which we have also found Tetraneura phaseoli (Pass.). T. radicicola was collected on the roots of Solanum douglasii near Claremont, California. AN ENTOMOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO GUADALAJARA D, L. CRAWFORD. (The following account adds one more to successful entomological ven- tures into the Mexican field. Though with but limited time and at an unfavor- able season, yet Messrs. Crawford and McConnell brought together extensive collections in the groups to which they gave especial attention—namely, the Hemiptera and Hymenoptera. Their gatherings in some other groups were also of great interest and value. Most of this material has already been per- manenty deposited in the collections of various institutions, but there still remain for sale considerable numbers of Coleoptera, Arachnida, Neuroptera, and some other groups.—Editor. ) Mr. R. A. McConnell and the writer left Claremont for Mexico on the last day of June, 1909, arriving in Mexico City about five days later. Several delays along the route enabled us to make collections at various points on the way. Less than a week was spent in Mexico City. We arrived in Guada- lajara, our headquarters, on July 12. About this latter city, collecting was done over most of the desirable territory within a radius of perhaps twenty miles and a trip was made high up on the slopes of San Pedro Mountain, about forty miles from the city. A visit was also made to Lake Chapala, about fifty miles from headquarters. The altitude covered ranged from 3000 feet above sea level upward, most of the work being done at or near 5000 feet. The chief difficulty lay in the frequent rains. It might be supposed that any part of Mexico so far south as Guadalajara would be very tropical in character, but this is not at all the case. Instead of a more or less continuous rainy season such as may be found in truly tropical regions, there is a period of about three months of thunder storms and cloud-bursts, lasting from about June to September, while during the remaining nine months it is very dry and sometimes quite cold. In consequence of this condition, the great burst of insect life comes during the winter months of January, February and somewhat later. During our few weeks of work, we noticed hordes of larvae, hemi- pterous and orthopterous nymphs and pupae, as well as coleopterous grubs, dipterous larvae, and odonate nymphs. ‘Towards the close of our trip we were able to find a few early butterfly chrysalids here and there, but apparently the great majority of larvae had not yet pupated. There were some butterflies, but nearly all had frayed or torn wings—relics of the past season. The same might be said of Orthoptera. In some grassy places we en- countered hopping masses of immature grasshoppers and locusts, a great many of them beautifully colored. Any amount of some four or five common vari- eties were in season, but of the very numerous later forms we encountered only a few extra early adults. Mature Blattidae were, of course, abundant, as they are at all seasons. Mantidae were still in the nymphal stages. Also adults of CRAWFORD, ENTOMOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO GUADALAJARA 77 one phasmid and several gryllids were taken. However, throughout the rainy season, there were thousands of good Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Arachnida, everywhere, and somewhat less of Odonata and Neu- roptera. It might be remarked that the general cast of the whole insect fauna at this season is, as to families and genera, remarkably similar to that of the Southwestern United States. The topography of the region about Guadalajara is very interesting. The city is situated on a high inland plateau ranging from 4000 to 7000 feet alti- tude. Enclosing the city, but some fifty miles away, are numerous mountain peaks of varying height, San Pedro overtopping them all. Between two of these small ranges of mountains and at about 6000 feet altitude, lies Lake Chapala, which is some seventy miles long and half as wide. Santiago River, the outlet of the lake, flows through these mountains and out into the level valley, on its way carving out a long deep cafion or barranca. In some places this barranca may be as much as 2000 feet below the surrounding country, and is filled with a very rich vegetation. Bananas, mangoes, cocoanuts and other tropical fruits flourish in the barranca, while they do not thrive in the level country about Guadalajara. The walls of the barranca are practically cloaked with creeping vines which make progress very difficult. The insect fauna of the barranca includes many forms not found in the country above, though very many are common to the two regions. Some very distinct and interesting forms were also taken during a hasty visit to the slopes of San Pedro moun- tain. One would naturally assume that the waters of the region would yield a great number of aquatic forms, but this certainly was not so during our visit. Careful dredging was done everywhere, but very few Hemiptera and Cole- optera were taken. Collecting about electric lights also proved very poor. We were told that at Vera Cruz there were millions of “bugs” flying about the lights, but there were very few at Guadalajara. In spite of the unfavorable season we managed to secure some 30,000 specimens. All of the Hemiptera and Hymenoptera went to Pomona College. All of the Diptera and some of the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Odonata went to the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburg. The Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia took the Orth- optera, as well as the entire collection of landshells. Mr. E. O. Essig is now studying the Coccidae, and the writer is working up a report on the Thysan- optera. Mexico certainly needs active practical work in economic entomology and botany. The parks, plazas, and private plantings are usually very badly in- fested with all sorts of serious pests. In one of the chief parks of Mexico City we made a considerable collection of Coccidae. In the central plaza of Guadalajara, Chrysomphalus aurantii was abundant on citrus trees, and Diaspis echinocacti thrived on cactus, and there were many other species besides these. In this same park also occurred myriads of Aleyrodidae. During most of the summer, a species of rose beetle—Macrodactylus—was enormously abundant on rose bushes, though this disappeared about the first of September and was replaced by swarms of another beetle. ON SOME DIPLOPTERYGA FROM THE SOUTHWEST OF NORTH AMERICA P. CAMERON. Nortonia acanthopus Cam. A female of what is doubtless this species from Lee county, Texas, ( Birk- man), has an oblique longish mark or line on the top of the basal slope of the first abdominal segment on the sides, and the mark on the sides of the metanotum is larger and wider, covering the apical half of the sides. Ancistrocerus pilias Cam. A specimen of this species from the mountains near Claremont, California, has the two large marks of the second abdominal segment of the type, united into one broad yellow band; the other markings are larger. Ancistrocerus howardi sp. nov. Black, the head and thorax covered densely with fuscous pubescence, the clypeus except for a wide mark down the center of the upper half, a small triangular mark on the base of the mandibles, a mark not much wider than long over the antennae, a short line on upper part of outer orbits, a line on the basal third of pronotum narrowed in the center, a broad line on the scutel- lum roundly narrowed at the base and nearer the apex than the base of the scutellum, postscutellum, a line on the apex of the first abdominal segment broadly dilated backwards to the suture on the sides, a line all around on the second and fourth, and one on the top of the fifth segment, the apices of the femora broadly, and the tibiae, bright orange yellow; the tarsi rufofulvous ; the tegulae of a paler yellow, with a fuscous spot in the center. Wings hya- line, the radial cellule smoky, the costa and nervures black, the stigma dark fuscous. Female, length to end of second segment 8 mm. Lee county, Texas, ( Birkman). Metanotum bordered all around with a stout keel, there being also a keel down the center; the keels at the top curve down obliquely to unite with the central keel, at the sides below is a leaf-like expansion. Clypeus broad, pyri- form, strongly punctured, the apex transverse. Antennal scape yellow except above and there is a small yellow spot at its outer side; the flagellum is brown- ish below. Base of thorax almost transverse, the sides rounded, not project- ing. Apex of postscutellum almost transverse. First abdominal segment longish cup-shaped, the base triangular, flat, smooth and shining, the second CAMERON, DIPLOPTERYGA FROM THE SOUTHWEST 79 segment narrowed at the base, distinctly longer than it is wide at the apex, which is flat. Belongs to Saussure’s Section I. It comes near A. trichionotus Cam., but is more slenderly built, is not so densely pilose, and the mark on the clypeus of trichionotus is much larger, triangular, and united by a narrow line to the apex ; the thorax in the latter, too, is wider compared with the length. Odynerus approximatus Cam. This species comes close to O. mediatus Cam. from California. ‘The fe- males may be separated thus: A. Clypeus longer-than wide, a broad black mark down the center, com- mencing behind the middle and continued to the apex, the yellow mark on postscutellum rounded at apex, the oblique line on first abdominal segment longish, of equal width, the second abdominal segment fully as long as wide. approximatus. AA. Clypeus as wide as long, the center only marked with black, the yellow mark on postscutellum completely transverse at apex, the oblique line on first abdominal segment broad, narrowed on inner side, the second ab- dominal segment longer than wide. mediatus. Odynerus macfarlandi sp. noy. Black, a curved band slightly wider than the antennal scape on the top of the clypeus, small irregular spot on the front, one on the base of the mandibles, a small spot on the top of the outer orbits, a line on the basal fourth of the pronotum, a conical mark below the tegulae a little longer than wide, the entire postscutellum, a line on the sides of the metanotum, its spines, lines on the basal five abdominal segments at the apices, a semi-circular large mark on the sixth, and the apices of the second to fourth ventral segments, yellow. The apices of the femora narrowly and the tibiae yellow; the base and apex of the hind tibiae and the tarsi rufo-fulvous. Wings hyaline, iridescent, darker colored in front, the radial cellule violaceous, the stigma dark fuscous, the nervures black. Tegulae pale yellow, with the usual fuscous spot. Female, length 8 mm. Sapello Canon, New Mexico, (Oslar). Closely strongly punctured, sparsely pilose, the metapleurae closely weakly obliquely striated. Clypeus pyriform, longer than wide, its apex with a dis- tinct but not deep rounded incision. ‘Temples broad, rounded, nearly as long as the top of the eyes. Thorax more than twice longer than wide, the base transverse, not projecting laterally; the apex with the sides bluntly rounded, the center very little depressed, the lateral keels large, curved, more prominent than usual. Postscutellum gradually obliquely narrowed to a bluntly rounded point. First abdominal segment, longish, cup-shaped, longer than it is wide at the apex, the base narrowed to a point. Second segment clearly longer than wide, narrowed at the base, the apex more strongly punctured than the rest, with a narrow smooth border. A narrow slender species, showing an approach to Nortomia. It is not unlike O. acauthopus Cam., and has, like that species, a blunt tooth on the top 80 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY of the hind coxae, but in other respects it is very different. The species with the coxae spined appear to have the first abdominal segment longer than usual, e. g. O. acanthopus Cam., and O. austrinus Cr. O. austrinus Cr. has a dis- tinct curved spine on the hind coxae, narrowed towards the apex. Odynerus blakeanus sp. nov. Black, the clypeus except narrowly around the apex and two small spots in the middle, a small semi-circular mark on the front, a short line behind the top of the eyes, underside of antennal scape, a large irregular triangular mark on the base of the sides of pronotum, an irregular mark as large as the tegulae at the base of mesopleurae above, a small irregular mark on the sides of the scutellum in the center, postscutellum, a small irregular mark on the sides of the metanotum at the base, the first abdominal segment from the top of the apical slope, an irregular mark on the sides of the second segment near the base, the apices of the second to fifth segments somewhat broadly, the apices of the second to fourth ventrals more narrowly, and the sides of the fifth, lemon-yellow. The first abdominal segment is yellow from the top of the apical slope, except for an irregular mark which at the base is slightly more than one-third the width of the segment, beyond this dilated into a longish line from the inner part of which it becomes gradually narrowed to a fine point, which does not extend near to the apex. Apices of the femora broadly, and the tibiae, yellow, the tarsi rufous. Wings smoky violaceous, more deeply so in front than elsewhere, the nervures and stigma black. Female, length 12 mm. Lee county, Texas, April. Head and thorax densely covered with longish fuscous pubescence, closely strongly punctured, the clypeus less closely than the rest of the head, and the latter more closely than the thorax, the metapleurae opaque, bare, and alutace- ous. Clypeus as long as wide, rounded above, the apex depressed, transverse. Temples broad, rounded, not much narrowed. Base of thorax almost trans- verse, the sides of the apex rough, almost margined, the center hardly de- pressed, somewhat coarsely obliquely striated. Apex of postscutellum broadly roundly narrowed and smooth. First abdominal segment large, cup-shaped, the basal slope weakly and sparsely punctured compared with the apex in the center of which is a narrow longitudinal furrow. The second segment is slightly longer than wide, weakly punctured, the apex more strongly and closely punctured, not reflexed, the third to fifth more coarsely punctured. Allied to O. arvensis Sauss. Apart from the differences in coloration— the presence of a yellow mark on the sides of the second abdominal segment, there being only two small marks on the clypeus, ete—arvensis may be known by the shorter second abdominal segment and by its being strongly depressed and punctured in the center behind the apical line. The mandibles in blake- anus are black save for a small yellow mark near the base; in arvensis they are for the greater part rufous. CAMERON, DIPLOPTERYGA FROM THE SOUTHWEST 81 Odynerus (?) bradleyi sp. nov. Black, the clypeus, a narrow line on the lower half of the upper inner orbits reaching to the lower edge of the incision, a similar line on the upper half of the outer, the base of the prothorax broadly, this mark extending close to the apex of the propleurae where it is narrowed, a narrow line on the lower edge of the propleurae, a large oblique spot widest above on the base of meso- pleurae above, a broad band on apex of postscutellum, a large irregular mark on the sides of apical slope of the metanotum, an irregularly oval mark on the sides of the base of first abdominal segment, the band dilated laterally, and broad bands on the following five segments, bright yellow. The lower edge of the segment on the lower basal half between the yellow and a large mark on the sides of the basal half of the second segment, rufous. Coxae black, the trochanters and femora reddish fulvous, the tibiae red, the tarsi yellow einged with fulvous. Antennal scape yellow below, the flagellum reddish brown below, the apical joints marked with black at the apex, the last rounded above, flat below, roundly narrowed at the apex. Wings fulvous hyaline, the apex smoky, the costa and nervures fulvous. Female, length 13 mm. Col- lected at Durango, Colorado, by Ostlar. Clypeus not much longer than wide, the top dilated broadly in the middle, the apex with a shallow incision. Antennae longish, stout, dilated towards the apex. Front and vertex closely not very strongly punctured, densely cov- ered with long fuscous pubescence. ‘Temples obliquely narrowed. Pronotum roundly narrowed from the apex to the base, which is keeled, transverse and slightly projecting at the angles. Mesothorax closely strongly punctured, a smooth line down the center of the base, and the two short furrows on the apex. Apex of postscutellum steeply sloped, transverse, smooth and shining. ' Metanotum short, its sides broadly rounded. Base of metapleurae smooth, irregularly striated below, the apex aciculated and sparsely punctured. First abdominal segment cup-shaped, large, a short but distinct neck at the base, the second is as wide as long and narrowed at the base, both are sparsely weakly punctured, more strongly at the apex. Mandibles reddish at the apex, a yellow spot at their base. Head as wide as the thorax. ‘The thorax is dis- tinctly longer than wide, and is narrowed posteriorly. The whole body is longer than usual with the Odynerina. The species may be an Epiponus to which it has a greater resemblance than to Odynerus proper or to Pachody- nerus. Odynerus bruesi sp. noy. Black, the basal segment of the abdomen red, the clypeus except around apex, underside of antennal scape, the outer edge of tegulae, two irregular spots on the apex of scutellum, a triangular spot below the tegulae, its sides rounded, and narrow bands on the apices of the basal three abdominal segments (that on the first with a shorter black line in front), pale yellow. The apex of the femora and the outer side of the tibiae pale yellow. Wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures black. Male, length * mm. Claremont, California (Baker). 82 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Base of the thorax stoutly obliquely distinctly projecting laterally, the pro- jection longer than it is thick at the base, narrowed and rounded at the apex. Clypeus clearly broader than long, rounded broadly above and below, widest in the middle, the top not so broad as the bottom. Head and thorax closely punctured, except the metapleurae which are aciculated, sparsely punctured, and obscurely striated. Postscutellum strongly punctured at the base, the rest smooth and shining; it has an oblique slope and its apex is broadly rounded. First abdominal segment cup-shaped, strongly punctured, especially before the apex, which is smooth and raised. ‘The second segment is less strongly, but more closely punctured, except at the apex, which is slightly raised. The other segments are more closely purictured. Antennal hook black, not quite reaching to the apex of the last joint. ‘Trophi long, reaching beyond the mid- dle coxae. Odynerus tosquineti sp. nov. Black, the abdomen rufous, the clypeus, mandibles except at apex, underside of antennal scape, a broad line narrowed in the middle on the apex of prono- tum, tegulae except for a fuscous spot in the middle, scutellum broadly, a large spot below the tegulae longer than wide, transverse above and rounded and narrowed below, a broad line on the top of the first abdominal segment, a broader one on the second, all around, considerably dilated above, the apex of the femora narrowly and the greater part of the tibiae, whitish yellow. Flagellum of antennae brownish red, darker at the apex above. Wings hyaline, the stigma fuscous, the nervures blackish. Male, length 5 mm. Claremont, California (Baker). Front and eye incision densely covered with silvery pubescence, the rest of the head and body with shorter and sparser silvery pubescence. Head and thorax strongly punctured, the puncturation on the pronotum and clypeus sparser and weaker on the metathorax than on the mesothorax, the lower part of the metapleurae almost smooth. The apical slope of the median segment is red, as is also the apex of the metapleurae. Clypeus longer than wide, rounded above, the apex with a V-shaped incision. Base of thorax not quite transverse, being slightly dilated in the middle, the sides are almost rounded. Postscutellum large, transverse at the apex. The sides of metanotum rounded and with two pale teeth. The apices of the two basal segments of the abdo- men are slightly raised, closely and strongly punctured, the first is sup-shaped, the second about one-fourth longer than it is wide, its apex more strongly punctured than the rest. The antennae are thicker than usual, the hook black and reaching to the apex of the last joint. The second abdominal seg- ment is not much narrowed at the base. The four anterior tibiae are broadly lined with black behind; so also are the posterior, which have besides a line on the innerside. The apical segments of the abdomen are darker colored than the basal two. Odynerus acuticarinatus sp. nov. Black, two curved lines or spots on the top of the clypeus at the sides, a narrow indistinct line across the base of the pronotum, a narrow but distincter CAMERON, DIPLOPTERYGA FROM THE SOUTHWEST 83 one along the sides, and the postscutellum at the base, pale yellow. The upper angles of the metanotum and broad bands on the apices of the second and following abdominal segments, pale orange yellow. The wings hyaline, the costa, stigma, and nervures fulvous, the latter darker at the apex of the wings. Abdomen smooth silky pruinose, the head sparsely covered with short black pubescence, the thorax with short pale pubescence. Head, prothorax, and mesothorax strongly closely punctured, the head less strongly than the thorax. Clypeus slightly longer than its greatest width, the apex slightly roundly incised, the sides broadly rounded and lined with yellow. Base of thorax transverse, the sides not angled. Postscutellum smooth, the apex transverse. Upper half of the sides of metanotum with a distinct keel, the upper part of the metanotum obscurely reticulated, the rest for the most part finely trans- versely striated, the upper part of the metapleurae reticulated, the rest finely closely longitudinally striated. Propleurae finely aciculated with scattered punctures, shortly above the middle of the basal half is a wide furrow. The apex of the second and following segments are closely strongly punctured. The last ventral segment is entirely orange yellow, and the second and follow- ing segments are broadly banded with that color. Female, length 12 mm. Nogales, Arizona, (Oslar). Belongs to the group of O. nasidens, but the head and thorax are not densely pilose. ‘The wings too are hyaline. Odynerus pallidipictus sp. nov. Black, densely covered with a white pruinosity which gives it a greyish appearance. ‘The top of the clypeus to shortly below the middle, two small lines on the apex, a spot on the base of the mandibles, a longish line above the antennae which is slightly gradually narrowed below and transverse at the top and bottom, the inner side of the eye incision, a line on the top of the outer side of the eye orbits a mark near the apex of mesonotum, postscutellum, a broad line on the upper lateral half of metanotum, a large wide conical mark below the tegulae, a band on the first abdominal segment, a large trans- versely oval mark on the sides of the base of the second segment, a broad irregular band on its apex and a narrow one on the third and fourth seg- ments all around, pale yellow. Tegulae reddish, pale at the base and apex. Under side of antennal scape yellow, the flagellum rufous below. Legs bright red, the coxae black, the tibiae broadly yellow at the base.» The apex of the second abdominal segment is more strongly punctured than the rest. Wings hyaline. Female, length 8 mm. Hot Springs, Arizona, (Oslar). There is a specimen from Albuquerque, New Mexico, which agrees in structure and form with the above, but has no mark on the mesonotum, the frontal mark is smaller, and the others larger. In coloration the species is almost identical with O. vegasensis Cam., but that species is easily separated by the incised apex of the clypeus. In pallidipictus the head and thorax are closely strongly punctured, the punctures sparser on the base of the meta- pleurae, the apex of the clypeus is depressed in the center, the base of the 84 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY postscutellum is broadly raised, and its apex not transverse, the sides of the metanotum are rounded but not broadly, and the base of the first abdominal segment is roughened. Pterochilus luteicollis sp. nov. Luteous, the front except for a small transverse spot over the antennae, vertex, the hinder part of the head except for a broad line behind the eyes narrowed above and below, mesonotum, the base and apex of scutellum and a line down its middle, a line on the base of the metanotum gradually widened to the middle and one down the middle dilated at the apex, a broad line on the lower basal half of the propleurae, the lower part of mesopleurae, a broad line on the upper two-thirds of the apex, mesosternum, the base of metapleurae broadly above and gradually narrowed below, the extreme base of first abdom- inal segment (from this a narrow line runs, uniting the basal line to an irreg- ular large mark which becomes gradually widened to the middle, then slightly narrowed to the apex which is transverse), an irregular ragged line on the base of the second segment united by a narrow line to a broad transverse one, dis- tinct laterally narrowed lines on the base of third and fourth segments, and irregular tripartite lines on the basal three or four ventral segments, black. Legs colored like the body, their bases irregularly marked with black, the tarsi tinged with rufous. Wings hyaline, the anterior distinctly tinged with ful- vous, the nervures and stigma fulvous. The antennal scape below, mandibles except at the apex and a line on the lower side of the eye orbits, yellow. Fe- male, length 14-20 mm. Ormsby county, Nevada, (Baker), small form; Clare- mont, California, (Baker), large form. Densely covered with short pale fuscous pubescence, longest and densest on the head, shorter and sparser on the abdomen. Clypeus clearly broader than long, strongly but not closely punctured, gradually narrowed from the eyes to the apex, which is rufous and transverse. Front, vertex and thorax closely punctured, the mesopleurae with the punctures more widely separated, the metanotum almost smooth, its sides broadly rounded, the metapleurae smooth. Abdomen almost impunctate except on the penultimate segment, which is weakly, and the last which is strongly, but not closely punctured. ‘Tibial and tarsal spines numerous, short thick and rufous. Base of the thorax transverse, the edges slightly projecting. The smaller example from Nevada has the black color more extended all over, the scutellum is black except for a lateral spot on the basal half, the pleurae are for the greater part black (not for the greater part yellow as in the larger specimen), the black marks on the basal two abdominal segments are larger and irregular as in the type. Pterochilus flavobalteatus sp. noy. Black, the clypeus, mandibles except at the apex, a broad line on the lower side of the eye incision, a small spot between the antennae, a broad line on the upper half of the outer orbits, a line on the pronotum broadly dilated on to the upper half of the pleurae, tegulae, two irregular spots on the scutellum, post- CAMERON, DIPLOPTERYGA FROM THE SOUTHWEST 85 scutellum, the sides of the median segments largely, a large broad conical mark on the base of the mesopleurae, a smaller irregular one below it, broad bands on the five basal abdominal segments, and all of the apical segment, bright yellow. Antennal scape yellow, black above, the flagellum orange-red, the apical half black above. Legs black, the fore femora except broadly on top at the base, the middle femora except at the apex, the posterior femora more narrowly, and the tibiae and tarsi, yellow. Wings fulvous hyaline, the apex fuscous-violaceous, the stigma and nervures fulvous. Female length 8 mm. Durango, Colorado, (Oslar). Front and vertex strongly coarsely punctured, the clypeus much more sparsely and weakly punctured and surrounded by a black line, except on the transverse apex, which is fulvous. Occiput distinctly roundly excised. Base of thorax transverse, the sides hardly projecting. Apex of postscutellum broadly rounded. Propleurae irregularly obliquely striated, the mesopleurae strongly punctured with a large closely striated triangular space at the apex, the metapleurae smooth with the apex irregularly punctured. Abdomen closely somewhat strongly punctured. Apex of tibiae and the apices of the tarsal joints with rufous spines. WEST COAST NEWS NOTES (In this department we hope to give in each number of the Journal, some idea of the doings and movements of western entomologists, notices of publi- cations of interest to western students, notices of entomological meetings, etc. To this end, we hope that students or collectors will send in all items of ento- mological interest about themselves or others. Address,—Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., 572 N. Marengo Ave., Pasadena, Calif.) —Mr. Francis X. Williams and Mr. Erval J. Newcomer collected a lot of interesting Lepidoptera in the Lake Tahoe region this summer, including the life-history of Papilo indra. —From numerous cards and letters received, Mr. and Mrs. Victor L. Clemence are having a delightful time on their European trip, notwithstanding the disagreeable weather prevailing in that part of the world. —Mr. Karl R. Coolidge of Palo Alto is recovering from an attack of typhoid fever, contracted at Visalia. We wish him speedy and complete re- covery and return to his entomological studies. —Mr. Leo Goeppinger has been collecting a few interesting Lepidoptera in Kern and Inyo counties, including both color forms of Rusticus emtg- dionis and Pieris beckerit. —Mr. FE. K. Carnes of the State Insectary at Sacramento has been ap- pointed a member of the State Board of Horticultural Examiners. —Mr. Dudley Moulton has an interesting article on “Controlling the Pear Thrips,” in the California Fruit Grower for July 24. —The first annual meeting of the Pacific Slope Association of Economic Entomologists assembled at Portland, Oregon, on August 20 and 21. A pro- gram of papers and discussions on certain subjects of interest to economic entomologists was prepared; the Secretary of the Association is W. B. Herms, Berkeley, Calif. —The “White Fly at Marysville’ has become quite famous, but “the closest and most extensive inspection fails to find any trace” of it now. It looks as though politics or something else was badly mixed in this episode. —According to “Nature,’ London, Lord Walsingham’s large collection of Micro-Lepidoptera is to be transferred to the British Museum, in the course of next year. This collection contains types of a good number of Californian species, collected in the early days. WEST COAST NEWS NOTES 87 —lIt is announced in the Pacific Rural Press of recent date, that Mr. E. M. Ehrhorn, deputy commissioner of horticulture and state horticultural quaran- tine officer, has resigned, to accept the position of superintendent of entomology and inspection at the port of Honolulu. This position was held by Alexander Craw, whom Ehrhorn succeeded at San Francisco. —The thirty-third regular meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society will be held at Thompson’s Café, O’Farrell street, between Fillmore and Steiner streets, San Francisco, on Saturday evening, August 28, 1909, at 8 o'clock. Luncheon will be served. These meetings are always full of enthus- iasm and inspiration, and are remembered long after the time of dispersal. —Prof. C. F. Baker made two trips East during the summer, visiting Washington, New York, and other points, and also Seattle. —Mr. C. O. Metz collected large series of Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera in Northern Wyoming during the summer, and has brought these collections to Pomona College, where they are being mounted. —Mr. E. O. Essig has been appointed horticultural commissioner of Ven- tura County and will make his headquarters at Santa Paula, where he has an office and laboratory. —Professors Cook and Baker have announced the presentation to the Biological Department of Pomona College, of their entire professional private libraries, consisting of many valuable sets of technical journals, rare scientific works, and special technical papers in great numbers, amounting in all to about 4000 books and pamphlets, valued nominally at about $5000. ‘These two libraries combined with what the College already possesses will give the Department of Biology most unusual facilities in this direction. These libra- ries have been well developed on both the technical and the economic sides, and along several special lines are practically complete, representing the assidu- ous gatherings of twenty to thirty years, at a total expense far exceeding that mentioned above. This is one more step in a logical program of upbuild- ing which Professors Cook and Baker have in mind for the Biological Depart- ment. wee, AY Kru iy wih a ij 7 (yore ti a ee PARTS OF THE INVERTEBRATA PACIFICA For Sale and Exchange Vol. 1, pp. 1:12, HOMOPTERA (On the Guathodus species of the Abdominalis group, Cc, F. Baker; A New Genus of the Typhlocybini, C. F, Baker; The genus Erythria in America, C. F. Baker; New Typhlocybini, C. . Baker; Notes on Maeropsis, C. F. Baker). Price 30 cents. I, pp. 13-16, ORTHOPTERA (First Decade of Orthoptera issued in the Invertebrata Pacifica series, C. F. Baker; Additional Notes on Pacifie Coast Orthoptera, C, F. Baker; New Orthoptera from Nevada, A. P. Morse). Vol. — : Price 10 cents. Vol. 1, pp. 17-40, DIPTERA (Reports on Californian and Nevadan Diptera, I, C. PF. Baker, with descriptions of new species and genera by D. W. Coquillet; Two New Siphonaptera, C. F. Baker). Price 60 cents. Vol. I, pp. 47-70, HYMENOPTERA (Descriptions of some new Hymenoptera from California and Nevada, J. J. Kieffer; New Hvr-r a mostly from Nicaragua, P. Cameron). Price 75 cenvs. I, pp. 71-84, ORTHOPTERA (Secona Report on Pacific Slope Orthoptera, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species by J. A. G. Rehn and C. F. Baker). Price 35 cents. 1, pp. 85-92, NEUROPTEROID INSECTS (Notes on Neuroptereid Insects of the Pacific Coast of North America, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species by Nathan Banks). Vol. = Vol. = Price 20 cents. 1, pp. 93-110, HYMENOPTERA (New western Mutillidae, I, C. F. Baker; On Some Hymenoptera collected by Prof. C, FP. Baker in Nicaragua, P. Cameron; Descriptions of new species of Tiphiidae from Nevada and Southern California collected by Prof. C. F. Baker, P. Cameron). Vol. Price 45 cents. Vol. 1, pp. 111-132, HYMENOPTERA (New Western Mutillidae, Il, C. F, Baker; On some Hymenoptera, chiefly undescribed, collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Nevada and Southern California, P. Cameron). Price 55 cents. Vol. I, pp. 133-140, HETEROPTERA (Notes on the Nysius and Ortholomus of America, C. F. Baker). Price 20 cents. Vol. 1, pp. 141-159, HYMENOPTERA (The Bee Genus Pasiphae in North America, C. F. Baker; American Bees related to Meleecta, C. F. Baker; On New Vespidae collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Western, North and Central America, P. Cameron; On Some Vespinae from Belize, P. Cameron; Descriptions of Three Species of S>cial Vespidae with Note on Polybia albopicta Sm., P. Cameron; New Species of Tiphia collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Nevada and Nicaragua, P, Cameron). Price 45 cents. Vol. I, pp. 160-178, HYMENOPTERA (Some New Gorytes—like Wasps, C. F. Baker; Descriptions of New American Tiphiidae, P. Cameron; A New Mutillid near Brachy- eistis, from California, C. F. Baker). Price 45 cents. Vol. I, pp. 179-198, HYMENOPTERA (Two New Bees of the Genus Ceratina, C. F. Baker; On Some North American Species of Chartergus, P. Cameron; On Some Diploteryga of Belize and Nicaragua, P. Cameron; New Halictinae from the Western United States, J. C. Crawford). Price 50 cents. Any of these papers will be exchanged for any papers on Hemiptera or Hymenoptera not in our library. Send lists of duplicates and desiderata to Cc. F. BAKER, Pomona College, Claremont, Cal. POMONA COLLEGE “Our Tribute to Christian Civilization” The best located, and best housed and outfitted College on the West Coast, with a very full cords of unusually enthusiastic and energetic professors, and a large and very vigorous student body. The laboratories in Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Astronmy are splendidly equipped and such as any college might be thoroughly proud of. Offers full Literary, Classical and Scientific courses. Possesses well-manned schools of Music and Art, and offers exceptional facilities in Library and Athletics. The college should be judged by its out-put, Pomona has been very proud of hers. Claremont is admittedly at the center of one of the most salubrious, beauti- fully located, and desirable residence districts in California. For further information, address, POMONA COLLEGE CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA VOLEUME ONE NUMBER FOUR CONG OU POINT GRINNELL, FORDYCE - - = Pomona Cullege Fournal of Entomology DECEMBER 1909 Contents ESSIG, E. 0. - - - - - Combating the Citrus Mealy Bug ESSIG E.O: - - - - - Notes on Californian Coccidae III ESSIG, E. ©: - - - - - Aphididae of Southern California III CRAWFORD, D. L. - - - Some New Thysanoptera from Southern California 1 CRAWFORD, D. L. - - - Thysanoptera of Mexico and the South I CRAW/FORD, D. L. - - - Notes on Californian Thysanoptera 1 CAMERON, P. - - Some Cdyneringe of the Southwestern United States West Coast News Notes PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF Ontario-Cucamonga Citrus Association BY “THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY OF POMONA COLLEGE CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Beginning now as a quarterly, it is hoped next year to make this journal bi- monthly. In both cases the subscription price will be the same, $1.00 to domestic and $1.25 to foreign postal countries. Reprints of any of the articles can be obtained at a nominal price. The pages of the journal are open especially to West American entomologists, but also general taxonomic papers from any source will be welcome. Especially is this journal offered in exchange for all entomological and zoological journals, and proceedings, transactions, and reports of societies, mu- seums, laboratories, and expeditions. The separates are likewise offered in ex- change for other entomological and zoological separates. Address all remittances and communications to POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY C. F. Baker, MANAGING EDITOR, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. Pomona Journal of Entomology Volume I DEC E Mes ER 191019 Number 4 COMBATING THE CITRUS MEALY BUG EK. O. ESSIG. (Horticultural Commissioner of Ventura County, California. ) Without doubt, this is by far the worst scale pest which could be intro- duced into an orchard in the vicinity of Santa Paula, for here it thrives as in no other locality in California. This is probably due to the following reasons : A. (ESS a) ~_ D \ Figure 39. Ceroplastes ceriferus This most interesting form was taken at Mexico City and Guadalajara, Mexico, by David Crawford. It occurs in great numbers, infesting Hibiscus in the public gardens of the cities. Nothing is being done to stay its ravages, which are very severe. Chionaspis quercus Comst. FEMALE. Scale—(Fig. 40 and 41 B).—The scale is long and tapers from the anterior to the posterior end. Length, 1 mm. to 2 mm.; width, % mm. to 1mm. The color is gray and very hard to distinguish from the oak bark. Body—( Fig. 41 A)—Greatly resembles Lepidosaphes beckii in shape and manner of segmentation, being much broader at the posterior end and the sides deeply segmented. Pygidium (Fig. 41 E) consists in one large median lobe, instead of the usual two with two smaller lobes and a rudimentary lobe on both sides. The spine arrangement is as follows: median lobe—1 large and 2 small, second pair lobes—1 large and 1 small, third pair—l1 on tip and 1 on middle. Spinnerets—consist in 4—6 marginal, 18—22 lower laterals, and 18—20 upper laterals. Mare. Scale—(Fig. 42 B)—Is white with three ridges extending from the anterior to the posterior end. Length, 1% mm. to 1 mm.; width, 4% mm. to 94 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Figure 40. Chionaspis quercus ¥%4mm. The scales are so numerous on the limbs as to make them appear white. Body—(Fig. 42 A)—Very minute, near % mm. Color, carmine with appendages yellow. Eyes, black and prominent. Antennae, ten articled and hairy. Thorax, with dark band. Wings, hyaline, and hardly distinguish- able under the microscope. The two veins join one-fourth the distance from the base to the wing tips. Legs, slender, yellow, hairy. Tibia, as long or longer than femur. Tarsus, less than half the length of tibia. Abdomen, very distinctly segmented. Style, as long as abdomen. Young—(Fig. 41 D)—Nearly oval in shape and very small. The anten- nae (Fig. 41 C) are 6-articled with long hairs on distal article. Taken in large numbers from Quercus agrifolia, at Santa Paula. (Essig-.) Ceroputo yuccae Coq. In the second number of the Pomona Journal of Entomology this insect was described as Phenacoccus ramonae n. sp. The female as therein stated, was found in great numbers on the roots of the wild Black Sage (Ramona ESSIG, NOTES ON CALIFORNIA COCCIDAE 95 stachyiodes) in the Spring. On examining over fifty slides of mounted speci- mens, I failed to find a single individual with more than seven articles to the antennae. Not having found the male, and the fact that Ceroputo yuccae had never been reported on Black Sage, led me to believe that the insect was a new species, and so I described it as such. This Summer I have given it a great deal of time and have obtained all the forms. Figure 41. Chionaspis quercus Both the male and female were taken in large numbers from the leaves and stems of Diplacus glutinosus near Claremont, on roots of Ramona stachy- oides, at Santa Paula, and from Yucca at Guadalajara, Mexico, by David Crawford. The female is described as Phenacoccus ramonae in the Journal, Vol. II, page 44. A drawing of the antennae of the adult female is shown in Fig. 43 E of this number. 96 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Figure 42. Chionaspis quercus Mate—(Fig. 43 A)—Length of body, 1.5 mm.; width, 0.34 mm.; wing expansion, 2.74 mm, Prevailing color, almost black with yellow membrane. The entire body is covered with a white waxy secretion. Antennae (Fig. 43 F) are 10-articled, very dark, and covered with long hair. The lengths of the respective articles are as follows: 10.4 mm., II 0.4 mm., III 0.2 mm., IV 0.17 mm., V 0.2 mm., VI 0.17 mm., VII 0.13 mm., VIII 0.13 mm., [IX 0.1 mm., X 0.08 mm. The abdomen is distinctly segmented with a long style on either side of which is a white wax appendage as long as the body. The legs are long, slender, and hairy. The claw (Fig. 43 D) has the characteristic tooth common to the genera Phenacoccus and Ceroputo. Wings, hyaline; elngth 1.2 mm., width 0.47 mm. A detailed drawing (Fig. 43 B) shows the poiser, hooks, and pockets of the wings. The male pupates in a white cottony sac which is very numerous among the females. The adult is quite active. ESSIG, NOTES ON CALIFORNIA GOCCIDAE 97 ee a OP bd a Figure 43. Ceroputo yuccae APHIDIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA III E. 0. ESSIG. Chaitophorus populicola Thos. (?) WINGED VivipaRrous FEMALE: (Fig. 44 A)—Length 1.38 mm., width 0.5 mm., wing expansion 2.7 mm. Prevailing color, nearly black with yellow membrane. Head, slightly narrower than thorax, much wider than long, and hairy. Compound eyes, coarsely granulated, red, with terete tubercles just behind the outer margin. Antennae, (Fig. 44 G) do not arise from frontal tubercles, two-thirds as long as body, 6-articled. The color and length of the respective articles are as follows: I 0.06 mm. dark, II 0.06 mm. dark, III 0.26 mm. yellow, IV 0.15 mm. yellow with dark distal end, V 0.12 mm. dark, VI 0.2 mm. dark. Distribution of sensoria: I and II none, III many large circular, IV several large circular in row, V one large circular at distal end, VI several marginal in the nail-like process. All the articles are hairy. Pro-thorax, without lateral tubercle, hairy. Rostrum, reaches to metathoracic coxae. Ab- domen, distinctly segmented, hairy or spiny. Cornicles (Fig. 44 C) cylindrical and pale yellow. Legs, moderately long and hairy. Color, dark near body and at tips, light near the middle. Wings, clouded along the veins. Primary, length 1.1 mm., width 0.33 mm. Cubitus, hairy near the stigma. Stigma, long and rounded at apex, very dark. Radius, well curved. Obliques, first straight, second curving slightly out, third curving and twice-forked. Secondary, slight- ly clouded, length 0.7 mm., width 0.2 mm. Sub-costal, extends to wing tip. First discoidal, rudimentary, does not connect with the sub-costal, short and straight. Second discoidal, does not connect with the sub-costal, nearly twice as long as first discoidal, curves slightly outward. Style, rounded, hairy, Cauda, obscure. ApTEROUS VIVIPAROUS FEMALE: (Fig. 44 E)—Length 1.4 mm., width 0.8 mm. Differs from the winged form in the following: Body is more robust and is extremely hairy or spiny. Prevailing color, reddish brown with light yellow marking on the back. Antennae, sensoria are distributed as fol- lows: I, II, III, IV, none; V, one circular near the distal end; VI, several small marginal in the nail-like process. Antennae (Fig. 44 F). Cornicles (Fig. 44 C). NympuH oF Aprerous Viviparous FEMALE: (Fig. 44 B)—The first-born are extremely small—almost microscopic. Color, pinkish. Antennae (Fig. 44 D) usually four-articled, half as long as the body, with sensoria as follows: I, II, none; III, few circular; ITV, small marginal in the nail-like process. All articles are slightly hairy. Abdomen, distinctly segmented with hair or spines in definite rows on the back, usually six. Rostrum, nearly as long as the body. This aphid is found in considerable numbers on the young stems of Populus trichocarpa in the Santa Clara River Valley near Santa Paula. While in general it conforms to the general description of Chaitophorus populicola by Thomas, yet the yellow marking on the back of the apterous female is more triangular than y-shaped. In no case has it been found on the leaves of the tree. ESSIG, APHIDIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, III Figure 44. Chaitophorus populicola (?) SOME NEW THYSANOPTERA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, I D. L. CRAWFORD. In collections made by the writer in the vicinity of Claremont, ten different species are represented, three of which are new, besides a new variety of a species previously described, and one new genus.. Ankothrips, new genus. Antennae strongly geniculate, with the tip of second segment strongly produced inwardly beyond insertion of third (Fig. 45 I). Head broader than long, reticulated posteriorly; ocelli present in both sexes. Antennae nine-segmented, all segments free; without long spines. Maxillary palpi three-segmented; labial palpi two-segmented. Prothorax shorter than head, with bristles on both anterior and posterior angles. Fore- femora thickened in both sexes. Wings present in both sexes; the forewing with two longitudinal veins and five cross veins; anterior margin with a row of unusually strong spines. Anterior wings colored a uniform pale brown; posterior wings clear white. Abdomen with several stout spines on posterior angles of each segment; last two segments with extremely long strong bristles. Ankothrips robustus, n. sp. Average length, 1.46 mm. General color, dark brown to black. Head (Fig. 45 C) somewhat wider than long, rounded and slightly nar- rowed anteriorly; with subrectangualr projection over insertion of antennae bearing two spines; cheeks arched; back of head reticulate; with several very long spines around the eyes. Eyes prominent, black, coarsely facetted, slightly pilose. Ocelli present, placed well forward; posterior ocelli nearly contiguous with inner margin of eyes. Mouth cone reaching five-sixths the length of prothorax ; bluntly pointed; maxillary palpi with terminal segment very small. Antennae (Fig. 45 H) less than twice as long as head, brown, unicolorous with body ; each segment with from six to ten small spines on distal end; small sense areas on segments four to seven. Prothorax (Fig. 45 C) about twice as wide as long and shorter than head ; with two large spines on each anterior and posterior angle, and two midlaterals on each side; with a row of twelve conspicuous spines on posterior dorsal mar- gin and several scattered on dorsal surface. Thorax broadest across meso- thorax. Metathorax tapering roundly from mesothorax to abdomen. Legs (Fig. 45, G, F, and E) dark brown, a trifle lighter than the body; clothed rather sparsely with bristles; fore-legs very large, with femora and tibiae strongly thickened ; fore-coxae with several large conspicuous spines; fore and second tibiae with two long spines at tip, and hind tibiae with several; tarsi with only a few spines. Forewings (Fig. 45 A) broadly rounded at tip, and somewhat narrowed after the mid-cross vein; with two prominent longitudinal veins CRAWFORD, SOME NEW THYSANOPTERA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA _ 101 extending from base to tip; anterior longitudinal connected with ring vein by two distinct cross veins, and with the posterior longitudinal by one large cross vein in center of wing; posterior longitudinal connected with ring vein by two slightly less distinct cross veins; both longitudinal veins with a row of con- spicuous spines; twenty-five on the anterior and eighteen on the posterior; anterior markin a row of stout spines, and a short fringe appearing about the middle of margin and increasing in length toward the tip; posterior margin with long double fringe; entire surface covered with microscopic hairs. Fore- wings light brown; hind wings clear white, and margined on both sides with a long fringe. Abdomen ovate, about half as broad as long; uniform brown; segments four to seven with a row of short spines on the dorsal surface, and all seg- ments with several longer spines on edges and posterior angles; last three segments (Fig. 45 B) with numerous very long, stout bristles; three last seg- ments form sheath for large upturned ovipositor. Measurements: Head, length, .18 mm. (.15 - .21 mm.), width .21 mm.; prothorax, length .15 mm., width .27 mm.; mesothorax, width .26 mm.; abdo- men, width .32 mm.; total length 1.46 mm. (1.28 - 1.65 mm.) Antennae: I .025 mm., II .067 mm., ITI .054 mm., [V .040 mm., V .041 mm., VI .040 mm., VII .027 mm., VIII .018 mm., TX .023 mm.; total, .32 mm. Matrs.—Males somewhat smaller than females; legs slightly lighter than body; abdomen very dark brown to black, darker than thorax, with a broad, white intersegmental membrane between first and second segments, appearing as a white band across the abdomen. Ninth abdominal segment with four very long bristles (Fig. 45 D), and twenty shorter but extremely stout spines (almost teeth) on dorsal surface; anal segment with a partially covered de- pression on dorsal surface, and two claspers on ventral side; four very long bristles at tip of abdomen. Described from five females and three males. Food plant: California laurel (Umbellularia) and Cal. lilac (Ceanothus ). Locality: Canon near Claremont, Cal.: altitude, 5000 ft. (Crawford. ) Aeolothrips longiceps n. sp. Head (Fig. 46 F) as long as wide, rounded in front and slightly elevated between basal segments of antennae; distance from eye to occiput unusually long; cheeks arched; with many inconspicuous spines on the dorsal surface and several on the ventral. Eyes prominent, pilose, with dark €ncircling ring; facets large, well separated. Ocelli present, placed well forward on anterior part of head, posterior ocelli almost contiguous with inner margin of eyes. Mouth cone long, reaching three-fourths the length of the prothorax, subacute ; maxillary palpi three segmented, basal segment large, terminal very small; labial palpi four segmented. Antennae (Fig. 46 B) nine segmented, a little more than twice as long as head; light brown, lighter than body, except seg- ments four and five, which are unicolorous with body; third light lemon yellow with darker area at distal end; all segments, except two basal ones, thickly and uniformly clothed with stout spines; basal segments with fewer spines; POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Figure 45. AnkKothrips robustus. CRAWFORD, SOME NEW THYSANOPTERA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA — 103 spines on third very light colored; sense area on distal portion of third and fourth, and conspicuous sense cone on lower side of fifth near tip; two conspic- uous long spines on tip of ninth. Prothorax one and one-half times as wide as long, and wider than head, with an emargination and thickening of wall on each side; with several small inconspicuous spines on dorsal surface. Thorax broadest across mesothorax. Metathorax with sides tapering uniformly, and quite noticeably posteriorly. Legs (Fig. 46 A, C, D) dark brown, except fore-tibiae, which are lighter; fore- femora thickened; fore-tibiae with conspicuous long spine on inner side near the middle (Fig. 46 A) ; fore- and second tibiae with two stout spines at tip, and posterior tibiae with several stouter spines at tip; fore-tarsi armed with a stout hook and tooth and overreaching spine; legs thickly clothed with con- spicuous spines, and the second and posterior tibiae and tarsi with numerous microscopic hairs. Fore-wings (Fig. 46 E) broadly rounded at tip and slightly broadened in distal half; with no longitudinal veins whatever, but two rows of spines extending the entire length of the wing; the anterior row is white and inconspicuous, but the posterior row brown and distinct ; anterior margin with- out fringe, but having a row of short spines; posterior margin with long fringe of cilia; wings clear white with dark brown longitudinal band covering post- erior half of wing, extending from near base to near tip; microscopic hairs on clear portion white, on brown portion brown. Posterior wings clear white, except small brown longitudinal band near base; without longitudinal veins; with simple fringe on posterior margin. Abdomen widest at seventh segment, about one-third as wide as long; first segment lightest in color, the rest shading uniformly to dark brown at ninth segment; segments three to seven with dark transverse line near anterior margin. One small spine on posterior angles of eighth segment, and several on ninth, which bears two large articulated claspers (Fig. 46 G); six very long and stout and several smaller spines on tip of ninth segment; posterior ventral margin of ninth segment with deep indentation, reaching one-third the length of segment. Measurements: Head, length .17 mm., width .17 mm.; prothorax, length .13 mm., width .20 mm.; mesothorax, width .25 mm.; abdomen, width (at sev- enth segment) .26 mm.; total length of body 1.33 mm. Antennae: I .034 mm., II .051 mm., III .098 mm., IV .083 mm., V .080 mm., VI .010 mm., VII .010 mm., VIII .08 mm., IX .09 mm.; total .38 mm. General color, brown; head, pro- and mesothorax brown; metathorax and first five abdominal segments lighter; remaining abdominal segments shading to dark brown. Described from one male. Food plant: Artemisia. Locality: Claremont, Calif. (Crawford.) This species in general appearance is close to Aeolothrips kuwanati, Moul- ton, but in having no longitudinal veins in anterior wings it not only differs sharply from that species, but presents a slight departure from current de- scriptions of the family. 104 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY G Figure 46. Aeolothrips longiceps CRAWFORD, SOME NEW THYSANOPTERA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 105 Euthrips minutus var. setosus n. var. The specimens of this variety resemble very closely Euthrips minutus, Moulton, but possess several distinctive characters, which, however, are hardly of specific value. In the description, only the diagnostic characters will be mentioned. Anterior margin of head (Fig. 47 A) with distinct notched prolongation of vertex between insertion of antennae. Antennae (Fig. 47 F) nearly three times as long as head. Prothorax (Fig. 47 A) with anterior margin reticulate ; two spines on each anterior angle; four long spines on posterior margin; without a spine on lateral side of posterior angle. Anterior margin of wing (Fig. 47 G) with twenty- two spines; fore vein with nineteen spines; hind vein with fourteen. Abdomen (Fig. 47 B) with two conspicuous spines on each side of every segment, and two on the dorsal surface of each segment. Measurements: Head, length .076 mm., width .14 mm.; prothorax, length 125 mm., width .18 mm. ; mesothorax, width .24 mm.; abdomen, width .29 mm. ; total length 1.28 mm. (.91 - 1.65 mm.). Antennae: I .015 mm., II .032 mm., III .035 mm., IV .039 mm., V .030 mm., VI .041 mm., VII .08 mm., VIII .013 mm. ; total .28 mm. Color, uniform light to dark brown; wings, gray-brown. Described from numerous females. Food plants: Certain Compositae, Rhamnus crocea, Monardella lanceo- lata, Sambucus glauca, and other flowers. Locality: Claremont, Calif. (Crawford.) Phyllothrips fasciculata n. sp. Average length 1.55 mm.; general color very dark brown to black. Head (Fig. 48 A) a little more than one and one-half times as long as wide, widest posteriorly, narrowed anteriorly ; frons projecting over insertion of basal segments of antennae, with anterior ocellus on vertex; back of head slightly reticulate and conspicuously serrated, and set with small spines raised on in- conspicuous tubercles ; post-ocular spines long, and blunt at tip. Eyes medium, finely facetted, slightly pilose, light brown. Ocelli present, anterior ocellus on apex of produced part of vertex above insertion of antennae, and directed forward; posterior ocelli nearly contiguous with inner concave margin of eyes. Mouth cone short and broadly rounded, reaching scarcely half the length of prothorax; maxillary palpi long and slenger. Antennae (Fig. 48 D) eight- segmented, only a little longer than head; two basal segments almost black, three light yellow, the remaining segments brown; sense area on two and seven; two sense cones on distal end of three to six, inclusive; antennae sparsely clothed with small spines. Prothorax (Fig. 48 A) more than twice as wide as long, very much wider posteriorly than anteriorly ; with one spine on anterior angles, one on posterior, and one midlateral about equal in length to the one on anterior angle; a few spines on posterior margin. Pterothorax with sides almost parallel, converging 106 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY slightly posteriorly; coxae somewhat protruding. Legs (Fig. 48 E, F, G) sparsely clothed with inconspicuous hairs or spines; fore-femora somewhat enlarged; with a membranous appendage near distal end within; tibiae with a few short spines; fore-tarsi with conspicuous tooth on inner side of basal joint. Wings fully developed, both pairs alike; with no venation or spines; a (Da 2D DIE Men = SS SSS Figure 47. Euthrips minutus var. setosus. both anterior and posterior margins with long simple fringe. Abdomen about as wide as pterothorax ; intersegmental membrane as dark as segments. Segments one to six, inclusive, with a row of two spines on each segment about 0.1 mm. from each margin, and two spines on each posterior angle; segments seven and eight (Fig. 48 C), with several spines on each pos- terior angle; tube about half as long as head, and converging toward tip; with four long, and sevearl short spines at tip. Males are similar to females in most respects and averaging fully as large; with distinct scale at base of tube (Fig. 48 B); tube shorter than in female, with six long spines and several short ones at tip; with a long setigerous tuber- cle on ventral surface near base. Measurements (female): Head, length .28 mm., width .17 mm.; pro- thorax, length .14 mm., width .31 mm.; pterothorax, width .32 mm.; abdomen, length .81 mm.; tube, length .14 mm.; total length of body 1.55 mm. (1.28 - CRAWFORD, SOME NEW THYSANOPTERA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA — 107 Figure 48. Phyllothrips fasciculata 108 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY 1.81 mm.). Antennae: I .027 mm., II .040 mm., III .044 mm., IV .055 mm., V .053 mm., VI .051 mm., VII .045 mm., VIII .025 mm.; total .34 mm. Described from many specimens of both sexes. Food plant: Eriogonum fasciculatum (Wild Buckwheat). Locality: Claremont, Calif. (Crawford.) This species undoubtedly belongs in the genus Phyllothrips, being closely related to P. aspersus Hinds, and to P. citricornis Hood, but differs from the generic description as given by Mr. Hood, in the following points: Head narrowed anteriorly instead of posteriorly. Mouth cone very blunt, reaching to middle of prothorax. Fore-tarsi in both sexes with small tooth. It, how- ever, shows abundant evidence of the closest relationship to the other species of Phyllothrips, even in minor details. Phyllothrips fasciculata var. stenoceps, n. var. The specimens of this variety (Fig. 48 H) resemble the species fascicu- lata in almost every respect, but differ in the following: the insect is some- what smaller, and the head converges distinctly posteriorly instead of ante- riorly. The specimens were taken among specimens of P. fasciculata. The existence of this variety shows that the form of the head does not furnish in this genus a character of even certain specific value. SOME THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH I D. L. CRAWFORD. Aeolothrips vespiformis n. sp. Length of body 1.6 mm.; general color dark brown, with first two and part of third abdominal segments light. Head (Fig. 49 A) broader, posteriorly, than long, rounded uniformly from prothorax to insertion of antennae; distinctly retracted into prothorax; a notched projection between insertion of antennae; two spines on each side near posterior margin, and one near basal antennal segment; head giving a general hemispherical appearance. Eyes large, extending far under onto ventral side of head, coarsely facetted, not pilose. QOcelli present, large, conspicuous, mark- ing an equilateral triangle between eyes. Mouth cone long, bluntly rounded ; maxillary palpi three-segmented. Antennae lost, one basal segment, only, present; inserted very close to each other. Prothorax (Fig. 49 A) longer and broader than head, broader anteriorly than posteriorly, and broader than long; sides roundly tapering posteriorly, with two mid-lateral spines and no others; head and prothorax at first sight, appear as a large elongate head, so closely are they united. Mesothorax narrowest at attachment to prothorax, diverging so that midlaterally it is a little wider than prothorax; sides converging to posterior margin of meta thorax. Legs (Fig. 49 D) long, clothed with conspicuous spines; posterior tibiz with a stout spine at tip; posterior tarsi long, second joint with numerous microscopic hairs. Wings (Fig. 49 C) moderately long, reaching a little beyond posterior margin of seventh abdominal segment; broadly rounded at tip; no cross veins present, but about one-third the wing’s length from the tip the anterior longitudinal and ring vein bulge out and apparently unite; with a small clear area near base and another almost at the tip, and a larger clear area near center, occupying nearly one-fourth the wing’s length and almost the entire width; eight spines on anterior longitudinal vein between base and central clear area, none on clear area, and seven beyond clear area; on posterior longitudinal vein, one spine between base and central clear area, four on clear area—two on proximal and two on distal portion—and nine beyond clear area; a row of twenty-two spines on anterior margin, beginning at base of central clear area; posterior margin with long simple fringe; wings light brown, except above mentioned clear areas. Posterior wings almost clear, margins light brown; with long fringe on both margins. Abdomen (Fig. 49 B) very narrow at attachment to thorax, subpetiolate, diverging to fully one and one-half the width of mesothorax; widest at sixth segment, converging abruptly to tip; third to fifth with one short spine on 110 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY outer margin and segments six to eight with two; ninth with one long spine on each side on dorsal surface near outer margin, and anal segment with four spines on dorsal surface near anterior margin, and two small spines at tip. Segments one and two and posterior half of three white, the rest very dark brown, darker than thorax and head. Measurements: Head, length 0.15 mm., width 0.24 mm.; prothorax, length 0.22 mm., width 0.27 mm.; mesothorax, width midlaterally 0.29 mm.; metathorax, width posteriorly 0.21 mm.; abdomen, width at base 0.10, at sixth segment 0.46 mm.; total length 1.59 mm. Described from one female, taken by Prof. C. F. Baker in Managua, Nicaragua. Food plant unknown. This specimen was taken several years ago and, unfortunately, mounted on a pinned slip; consequently, the antennz and all but one hing leg had been broken off before being mounted in balsam by the writer. Although some of the most important characters were thus destroyed, nevertheless it is plain that it belongs to the fam. Aeolothripidae, and to the genus Aeolothrips, in which I have placed it. It resembles closely Ae. bicolor Hinds, and Ae. al- bocincta Uzel, in having the basal portion of the abdomen white, abdomen more or less narrow at attachment to thorax, and, also, in the general aspect of the head and prothorax, though the shape of these differ in the different species. In Ae. bicolor and albocincta, however, the white band is on the second and third abdominal segments, while in Ae. vespiformis the first, second, and posterior half of third are white. The absence of cross veins presents not only a specific difference, but also a slight departure from the generic description as given by Hinds. It is hoped that other specimens of this same species, or some closely related to it, will at some future time be taken, and thus the true relationships of this imperfect specimen be made plain. Heterothrips decacornis n. sp. Average length 1.18 mm.; color dark brown, occasionally light brown; body surface reticulated. Head (Fig. 50 A), one and one-half times as wide as long, slightly re- tracted into prothorax, broadest across cheeks, narrowed anteriorly, with con- cave depressions at insertion of antennae; cheeks arched, with two setigerous tubercles behind eyes on margin; no prominent spines on head; back of head reticulated. Eyes large, bulging; facets large, sometimes conspicuously pro- truding; pigment orange-yellow ; eyes pilose. Ocelli remote from front, some- what elevated, the anterior ocellus on anterior incline of elevated area, and di- rected forward; posterior ocelli contiguous with inner margin of eyes. Mouth cone medium, subacute; maxillary palpi three-segmented ; labial palpi one-seg- mented. Antennae (Fig. 50 D) ten-segmented, without style at tip; III and IV lemon yellow, the rest dark brown; IV with pseudo-joint near base and a round sense area in the space cut off by the pseudo-joint ; IV and V largest, CRAWFORD, SOME THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH HW iz Figure 49. Aeolothrips vespiformis 112 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY with broad tip—IV with convex surface to receive base of V; V notched at tip to receive base of VI; VI to X all free, with small sense areas; antennal spines not very large. Prothorax (Fig. 50 A) a little longer and wider than head ; angles rounded ; one spine on anterior angles, and one very inconspicuous spine on posterior angles ; a few small spines on dorsal surface; reticulated. Mesothorax largest, with a triangular area on dorsal surface near the front more conspicuously reticulated than the rest. Legs (Fig. 50 E, F, G) medium; tibiae with mod- erately stout spines at tip; anterior tibiae light on distal half, the rest dark; fore-tarsi with small tooth at tip; middle and posterior tibiae dark; femora reticulated. Wings (Fig. 50 H) fully developed, broad at base, the rest narrow ; with two longitudinal veins extending the entire length, set with short spines, twenty on anterior vein and sixteen on posterior; simple fringe on both margins, and a row of short spines on anterior margin posterior fringe longer; wings light brown, except basal one-sixth clear; scale small. Abdomen (Fig. 50 B) uniform dark brown, usually very stout, occas- ionally slender; with two spines on dorsal surface in center of each segment, and a few small spines on margin; spines at tip of abdomen short; comb-like arrangement of spines on posterior margin of segments one to nine; surface reticulated. Mace: Much smaller than female, but similar in every respect except tip of abdomen; with two claspers on posterior margin of anal segment (Fig. 510) (Css Measurements of female: Head, length .13 mm., width .19 mm.; pro- therax, length .145 mm., width .26 mm.; pterothorax, width .25 mm.; abdo- men, length .61 mm., width .28 mm.; total length 1.18 mm. Antennae: I .020, II .032, III .021, IV .058, V .044, VI .025, VII .028, VIII .017, IX .016, X .020; total length .28 mm. Described from twenty-six females and ten males. Food plant: A low native tree, with small yellow flowers, common in the barrancas near Guadalajara; also a shrub belonging to the family Mal- pighiaceae. Locality: Guadalajara, Mexico. (Crawford.) There is no doubt as to the antennae being 10-segmented, for in some of the mounted specimens used in this study, the segments are completely sepa- rated at every true joint. The last five segments are smaller and free, as de- scribed in some Aeolothripidae. There is no differentiation of the style, which is present in most Thripidae. In one deformed specimen the left antenna is eight-segmented (Fig. 50 I), the right possessing the ten normal segments. This is evidently a reversion to the normal type of Thripidae, the three basal segments being similar to the normal, but the fourth is shortened and has apparently two pseudo-joints instead of one in the normal, the fifth being somewhat similar to the normal except that it is not notched at the distal end, but is convex like the normal fourth; the last five segments of the normal antenna are represented in this case by three relatively longer segments; the arrangement of the antennal spines is similar in the two cases. 113 CRAWFORD, SOME THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH Figure 50. Heterothrips decacornia 114 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY In the main, this species conforms to the characterization of the genus Heterothrips Hood, but in one or two peculiarities it does not: (1) antennae clearly 10-segmented; (2) prothorax much less than twice as long as head; (3) rows of minute teeth extending across entire posterior dorsal margins of abdominal segments two to eight. These characters, however, are not neces- sarily of generic value. The general type of the antennae in this genus is unmistakable. Chirothrips mexicana n. sp. Length, .86 mm.; general color, medium brown. Head (Fig. 51 A) somewhat wider than long, small, spatulate and nar- rowed anteriorly ; cheeks arched, about two-fifths as long as eye; portion be- tween posterior margin of eyes and occiput very much elevated, arched and reticulated, bearing the ocelli on the abrupt incline from the occiput to the vertex; front prolonged triangularly between insertion of antennae; with eight small spines in front of the ocelli, and two very small postocular spines on each side. Eyes moderately large, finely facetted, slightly pilose; distance between eyes less than half the greatest width of head; ocelli small, pale, situ- ated far back on elevated portion of head, between posterior angles. Mouth cone moderately long, broadly rounded at tip; maxillary palpi consisting of three very short segments; labial palpi one-segmented. Antennae (Fig. 51 B) twice as long as head, stout, with only a few small spines; general color lighter than body—basal segment concolorous with body, and second lemon yellow; basal segment large, transversely egg-shaped, the point outward, with dark transverse line; segment II prolonged outwardly into a long acute apophysis with a small sense cone at tip; III pedunculate, asymmetrically pyriform, with a prominent sense cone on outer anterior angle, as has, also IV; IV and V roughly rounded, V smaller than IV; VI elongate, with two small sense cones on distal half; VII and VIII small, moderately slender. Prothorax (Fig. 51 A) about two and one-half times as long as head, one and one-ninth times as wide as long, more than twice as wide posteriorly as anteriorly; sides with a deep indentation above coxae and a short, black chit- inised line curving in from it; with one prominent spine on posterior angles and a few small inconspicuous ones on dorsal surface; dorsal surface deeply reticulated. Metathorax wider than prothorax, and pleurae bulging beneath insertion of wings. Pterothorax reticulated. Wings (Fig 51 H) long and narrow, reaching beyond tip of abdomen; forewings light brown, surface covered with microscopic hairs; hind wings lighter colored; fore-wing with one median longitudinal vein, which disappears before the middle of the wing; with five spines on median vein, and five on apical half of wing, ar- ranged as though the two longitudinal veins were present; anterior margin with row of twenty-six long slender fringe-like spines; posterior fringe long. Legs (Fig. 51 E, F, G) short, with only a few small spines; fore-femora (Fig. 51 E) enormously thickened, trapezoidal, nearly as broad at base as long; fore-tibiae short and thick; fore-tibiae and all tarsi lemon yellow. SOME THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH 115 Abdomen elongate-ovate, bluntly pointed at tip, about one and four-fifths times as long as broad; spines on last two segments (Fig. 51 C) moderately long and stout ; segments one to five distinctly beaded (Fig. 51 D) on posterior dorsal margin, five less so than the others; surface deeply deticulated. Measurements: Head, length .084 mm., width .096 mm.; prothorax, length .19 mm., width .21 mm.; pterothorax, width .24 mm.; abdomen, width .23 mm.; total length .86 mm. Antennae: [| .027 mm., II .025 mm., III .023 mm., IV .022 mm., V .024 mm., VI .028 mm., VII .011 mm., VIII .011 mm.; total ,.17 mm. Described from one female. Food plant: Tobacco flowers (Nicotiana tabacum). Locality: Guadalajara, Mexico. (Crawford.) Figure 51. Chirothrips mexicana 116 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Euthrips insularis Franklin var. reticulata n var. Mr. Franklin speaks of the species as being very common throughout the Barbadoes and West Indies; it is perhaps the most common species, also, in the region of Guadalajara, Mexico. Hundreds of specimens were taken by the writer on various flowering plants—several species of Lupinus, Convolvu- lus, Compositae, and a Rhamnus, the localities ranging in altitude from 2500 feet above sea level to 10,000 feet. There is quite a marked variation in the species. All the specimens have a reticulated body surface, some more mark- edly than others—this character is not mentioned in the description of Eu. insularis; the general color varies from dark brown, almost black, to very light yellowish brown. ‘The antennae vary in the shape, color, and relative lengths of the segments; some, as in Mr. Franklin’s descriptions, have the third and fourth segments yellow, the fourth darker on distal half; others have the third and fourth segments uniformly yellow; the shape of the segments varies from slender, as in the description, to comparatively stout; nor are the relative lengths of the segments constant. The wings, also, vary in length consid- erably. It seems that the most constant characters of this species are (1) the arrangement of the cephalic and thoracic bristles, (2) the comb-like arrange- ment of spines on the posterior dorsal margin of the eighth abdominal seg- ments, (3) a large clear area at base of fore-wings, (4) antennae eight-seg- mented, with the third segment yellow, and (5) in the Mexican variety, retic- ulation of head, thorax, abdomen and femora. Rhaptothrips, new genus Head small, rectangular; eyes extremely small, with a few facets on outer side; ocelli wanting. Antennae seven-segmented, long and slender, third seg- ment very elongate. Mouth cone of medium size, very blunt at tip; maxillary and labial palpi one-segmented. Prothorax about as long as head, wider posteriorly than anteriorly; pterothorax much broader than prothorax, with a facetted spiracular(?) plate on anterior angles of mesothorax. Entire dorsal surface from mesothorax to eighth abdominal segment inclusive covered with irregular chitinous, setigerous plates, this irregular arrangement giving the insect a curious patched appearance. Posterior coxae almost as widely sepa- rated as second coxae. Legs of medium size, with several very long slender spines on femora and tibiae, and one large spear-shaped horizontal spine on apical end of tibiae. Wings wanting so far as known. Abdomen long and slender, with facetted spiracular plates (sense organs?) on second and eighth segments; all spines occur on the chitinous plates; ninth segment heavily chitinized, tube nearly as long as ninth segment, converging to tip, with two short apical spines. Rhaptothrips peculiaris n. sp. Total length of body 4.12 mm.; general color black. Head (Fig. 52 A) small, about one and one-fourth times as long as CRAWFORD, SOME THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH W17 broad, and about as long as prothorax; cheeks parallel; anterior angles con- cave to receive antennae; a concavity between insertion of antennae; four in- conspicuous spines on anterior half of dorsal surface, one pair in front and the other pair behind the eyes, and one small spine on each cheek. Eyes ex- tremely small, dark, with two or three widely separated facets, which are light, the rest of the eye apparently blind; no ocelli present. Mouth cone long, broad, and broadly rounded at tip, reaching almost to posterior margin of prothorax ; maxillary and labial palpi one-segmented, the latter short. Anten- nae (Fig. 52 D) seven-segmented, long and slender, more than two and one- half times as long as head; two basal segments rectangular in shape, I shorter than IL; III very elongate, enlarged at both ends, sides rough; IV to VI elon- gate, but shorter than III, with a sense cone on distal end of each; VII bluntly pointed at tip, with an obscure suture just beyong the middle and another more obscure midway between the first suture and the tip; segments II, III, and VII with three or four long slender spines at apical end; [V to VI with one spine on side opposite to the sense cone; III light brown, except distal one- sixth, the rest of the segments concolorous with body. Prothorax (Fig. 52 A) about one and two-thirds times as wide as long, narrowed anteriorly and bulging midlaterally, partly due to fore-coxae; two rectangular chitinous plates between fore-coxae, each bearing two spines; no other spines on prothorax. Mesothorax (Fig. 52 A) about as long as pro- thorax, and one and one-half times as wide posteriorly; sides diverging to midpoint, and from there to posterior margin of metathorax, sides about parallel, slightly: diverging; with a pair of large facetted spiracular plates (Fig. 52 H) near anterior angles, with closely crowded facets; dorsal surface of both meso- and metathorax and all but two anal abdominal segments, with irregular chitinous plates (Fig 52 A), most of which bear one spine, a few with two spines, and some with none; these are scattered promiscuously over the dorsal surface, and are distinctly convex; spines moderately long and stout ; the rest of the body surface, both dorsal and ventral, apparently very weakly chitinized. Metathorax shorter and slightly wider than mesothorax, diverging somewhat to midpoint of pleurae, and then converging, but slightly wider posteriorly than anteriorly; hind coxae almost as widely separated as middle pair. All thoracic spines set on chitinous plates. Legs (Fig. 52, E, F, C) moderately long, with roughened surface; with several extremely long and slender spines on all femora and tibiae, and several other shorter ones on each; distal end of tibiae, without, with a very long, remarkable, spear- shaped spine (Fig. 52 G); tarsi almost abortive; middle tarsi with a heavy setigerous projection on each side of the bladder. Wings not present. Abdomen (Fig. 52 B) long, uniformly tapering from posterior margin of metathorax to tip; segments one to six, with numerous irregular chitinous plates; as described above, and segments seven and eight with two or three larger and more symmetrical plates, with several spines; two anal segments long and tube-like, and heavily chitinized over entire surface, deep black ; ninth segment with eight long slender bristles on distal end; anal segment 118 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Figure 52. Rhaptothrips peculiaris CRAWFORD, SOME THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH 119 with two extremely stout and moderately long bristles at tip, and four short inconspicuous ones, also; second and eighth segments with spiracular plates on each side, as described on mesothorax ; nearly all abdominal spines set on chitinous plates. Before treatment in caustic potash and clearing in clove oil, the general color of the insect is a deep black; but after clearing, the chitinous plates appear dark brown and the rest of the surface a clear transparent shade, show- ing that the whole surface, in the natural state, is darkly pigmented, but this pigment is more easily removed from the weakly chitinized portions. Owing to the deep pigmentation of the two anal segments, it is difficult to determine the sex of the insect. Measurements: Head, length .35 mm., width .27 mm.; prothorax, length .34 mm., width .54 mm.; mesothorax, width .82 mm.; metathorax, width .85 mm.; distance between mesocoxae .50 mm.; between posterior coxae .47 mm.; abdomen, width .86 mm.; tube, length .34 mm.; total length 4.12 mm. An- tennae: I .065 mm., II .097 mm., III .31 mm., IV .17 mm., V .096 mm., VI .076 mm., VII .075 mm.; total .88 mm.; color, natural, black. Described from one specimen. The writer, while on a trip up the slopes of San Pedro mountain, near Guadalajara, reached into a thorny solanaceous shrub to capture a beetle, and a moment later discovered this thysanopterous insect on his hand; repeatedly beating the same shrub failed to bring forth any more of the insects. Food plant: A certain spiny solanaceous plant. Locality: San Pedro mountain, near Guadalajara, Mexico. ; altitude 8000 feet. (Crawford. ) It might be noted here that there is somewhat of a similarity between this species and members of the Fam. Urothripidae Bagnall; in that family the palpi are one-segmented, the antennae seven-segmented, and the posterior coxae widely separated, though the middle pair are more so. But inasmuch as Kladothrips Froggatt, Allothrips Hood, and Neothrips Hood, all have the an- tennae seven-segmented, and, furthermore, since this species does not possess the eleven pairs of stigmata, the posterior coxae are not most widely separated, and the bristles and spines are not by any means absent or obsolete, therefore it is most reasonable to suppose that this new genus—for it probably is such— belongs in the family Phloeothripidae, necessitating, however, some slight mod- ification of the diagnosis of that family. A difference in palpi and antennae is hardly enough to erect a new family on, when such differences are fre- quently of questionable generic value. NOTES ON CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA I ( r _ ev. Vrowivora Euthrips tritici (Fitch) (Euthrips occidentalis Pergande.) This is the most common species in Southern California, being present in nearly all the wild flowers and many of the cultivated ones. The differences indicated for occidentalis are not very marked; about the most constant differ- ence is in the relative lengths of the fourth and fifth antennal segments, and even these relative lengths are not always constant. There is a wide specific variation in color, from extremely light lemon yellow to light brown; the cephalic and thoracic spines, also, present a specific variation in length. These variations make it very difficult to assign any definite characters to either form, which could distinguish it from the other; owing to these variations, and to the inconstancy of the relative lengths of the fourth and fifth antennal segments, it hardly seems justifiable to maintain these as two distinct species, although they have been so thus far. Occidentalis certainly does not have more than varietal value. Thrips tabaci, Lindeman Specimens belonging to this species were taken by the writer on flowers of onion and also of chilicote (Micrampelis macrocarpa). ‘This species is not very abundant, however, in this locality, because of the fact that not many onions are raised here. Larval and pupal forms were taken together with the adult forms. Thrips madronii Moulton Specimens evidently of this species were taken by the writer on Umbellu- laria, Ceanothus, and on Sambucus glauca. Their general color ranges from light lemon yellow to brown, a few very dark brown. The description of the species by Moulton is: color uniform brown, usually dark brown. The speci- mens in this collection show, also, a considerable variation in the size of the individuals. Heliothrips fasciatus Pergande Numerous specimens of this have been sent to me from Santa Paula, Cal., by E. O. Essig, taken from pine foliage; others have been taken by the writer on pine foliage in this locality; also, from Lotus glaber, and from the flower end of ripe apples brought from Chino, Cal. The wings are very long, reach- ing much beyond tip of abdomen; posterior longitudinal vein branches from anterior just beyond distal margin of basal white area. Femora are black, CRAWFORD, NOTES ON CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA 121 except distal portion yellow; tibiae black in the middle, and yellow at both ends. Abdomen is very stout. Color almost black. Leptothrips aspersus Hinds Several specimens of L. aspersus have been taken by the writer on the foliage of orange trees; one specimen was taken from a breeding cage in which orange foliage, infested with yellow scale (Chrysomphalus aurantii) had been placed about three weeks before. This species was formerly placed in Crypto- thrips Uzel, by Hinds, but was later referred to the genus Phyllothrips Hood, and finally to Leptothrips Hood. SOME ODYNERINAE OF THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES P. CAMERON. Leptochilus cratocerus n. sp. Black, the clypeus, labrum, mandibles (except the apex which is rufous), a small spot on the front, the lower edge of the eye incision, a short line behind the eyes above, a line on the base of the thorax, dilated irregularly on to the propleurae, a small spot on the sides of the scutellum at the base, post- scutellum, an irregular spot narrowed behind on the sides of the metanotum in the middle, a large conical spot below the tegulae, and broad bands on the bases of the basal six abdominal segments, bright lemon yellow; the ventral segments are also edged with the same color, the mark on the second being wider and trilobate. Legs bright lemon yellow, the base of coxae in front, entirely behind, the trochanters, and the base of the femora broadly, the poste- rior to near the apex above and below, and the middle femora beyond the middle above, black. Antennal scape lemon yellow, black above, the flagellum brownish red, black on top. Wings hyaline, the costa and stigma dark fulvous, the nervures black. Male—Length 7 mm. Ormsby county, Nevada, July (Baker). Antennae long, stouter than usual, especially toward the apex, the last joint straight above, roundly narrowed to a blunt point below. Clypeus sparsely punctured, covered with silvery pile; the apex transverse, broad, as wide as the sides which are straight and oblique. Front and vertex closely rugosely punctured, thickly covered with long pale fuscous hair. Temples roundly obliquely narrowed; the occiput transverse. Thorax clearly longer than wide, the base transverse, with bluntly projecting lateral angles, the apex narrowed, the sides broadly rounded. Pro- and mesothorax strongly closely punctured; the postscutellum large, with a rounded oblique slope, the apex transverse. Metanotum deeply depressed in the middle where it is finely closely striated, the rest distinctly punctured above, sparsely punctured and obscurely striated below. Metapleurae shining, aciculated. First abdominal segment cup-shaped, longer than it is wide at the apex, gradually narrowed from the apex to the base, somewhat strongly but not closely punctured; the second segment is about one-fourth longer than wide, but not much narrowed at the base, sparsely weakly punctured. The trophi are very long, the maxillae reaching slightly beyond the apex of thorax. The basal two joints of the maxillary palpi are clearly thicker than the others, which are long and slender ; the penultimate joint of the labial palpi is very long and slightly nodose at the apex, the last is about six times longer than wide. Mandibles long, with two teeth behind the apical, the posterior being less distinct than the second. Labrum large, projecting, longer than wide, its apex rounded. Saussure (Syn. Am. Wasps, 367) describes two species of Leptochilus: fallax Sauss., of doubtful origin, and ornatus Sauss. from Carolina. The CAMERON, SOME ODYNERINAE OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES 123 former is omitted by Mr. Cresson in his Catalogue (Trans. Am. Ent. Supp. 1887, 288), while ornatus he refers to Odynerus. As the species are very easily recognized, Leptochilus might as well be adopted as a generic group. Pterochilus bakeri n. sp. Black, the clypeus except a small irregular spot in the center; mandibles except apex, a narrow line on the lower edge of the eye incision, a broader one obliquely narrowed below on the outer orbits, the upper part of the thorax to near the apex, where it is broad and incised, tegulae, two large marks on the scutellum, postscutellum, the sides of metanotum broadly, the marks not reach- ing to the lower edge, a squarish mark on the base of the mesopleurae rounded below and reaching beyond the middle, a similar but longer mark immediately below it, and the abdomen for the greater part, lemon yellow; the basal slope of the first abdominal segment the mark continued beyond as a narrower rounded projection, a larger similar mark on the second, narrow rounded bands on the base of the second to fifth, and the basal half of the sixth all around, black. Legs of a paler yellow, the coxae behind, the hind femora to near the apex, the four anterior femora at the base all around, more broadly behind, and the intermediate to beyond the middle, black. Antennal scape yellow, black above, the flagellum black, reddish brown below. Wings hyaline, suffused with fulvous, the apex slightly violaceous, the costa and stigma ful- vous. Female—Length 9 mm. Claremont, California. ( Baker.) Clypeus as broad as long, sparsely punctured, the apex somewhat broad, transverse, margined. Head and thorax closely but not strongly punctured. Base of thorax transverse, the sides slightly but distinctly bluntly projecting, the sides at the apex broadly rounded, apical half of mesonotum with a longi- tudinal furrow bordering the middle. Abdomen closely coarsely punctured, the second segment square, the base of the second ventral segment has a band, which bifurcates at the outer edges the outer fork the larger. The apex of the clypeus is broader than it is in Juteicollis Cam.; in that species the lower mark on the mesopleurae is narrower, more irregular and obliquely sloped, there is a yellow mark on the metapleurae, and the marks on the basal two abdominal segments are differently shaped, e. g., they are in- cised in the middle. Symmorphus hornii n. sp. Black, a small, semi-circular mark on the top of the clypeus, a small one over the antennae, a triangular spot on the sides of the pronotum slightly longer than that on the clypeus, two spots wider than long, and narrowed on the inner side on the scutellum, an irregular spot narrowed below under the tegulae, a line of uniform width on the apices of the first and second abdominal segments, a narrow interrupted one on the middle of the third, a broader one (not much narrower than those on the basal segments) on the fourth, and an irregular line curved and laterally dilated, on the underside of the third, pale whitish yellow. Tibiae, except at the apex, testaceous. Wings, hyaline, suf- fused with violaceous, the base tinged with dark testaceous, the stigma and nervures black. Female—Length 10 mm. Gunnison, Colorado. (Baker.) 124 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY A longish insect, narrow compared with the width, the thorax more than twice longer than wide, the base narrowed transverse, the sides distinctly pro- jecting. Parapsidal furrows complete, but shallow. Scutellum with a distinct furrow down the apical three-fourths. Apex of postscutellum rounded, almost transverse. Metanotum furrowed down the center, the furrow widened below, keeled stoutly in the middle, the sides with a distinct edge. Propleurae punc- tured above, the rest strongly closely striated; mesopleurae with scattered punctures, the apex above closely rugosely punctured; metapleurae obscurely finely striated at the apex. First abdominal segment distinctly longer than it is wide at the apex, without a distinct neck at the base, it is narrower than the second which is clearly longer than wide, and is narrowed at the base, smooth and shining. Clypeus pyriform, shining, weakly sparsely punctured, its apex with a wide shallow incision. The transverse keel on the base of the abdomen is weak, the apical longitudinal furrow deep and clearly defined. Pubescence short, sparse and pale. Belongs to Saussure’s division a. It is not unlike S. trisculatus Cam., but that species has the markings luteous, not white, the stigma testaceous, the wings hyaline, the first abdominal segment with a distinct narrowed neck, and the propleurae are punctured, not regularly striated as in the present species. Odynerus annulatus Say. This species appears to be fairly common and widely distributed, judging by the number of specimens in Prof. Baker’s collection, also it is a very vari- able one. The varieties seem to run into local races. ‘The variety from Fedor, Texas, (Birkmann) is black, with the following parts rufous: Clypeus except above, a broad line on the upper half of the outer orbits, pronotum except at the base, tegulae, scutellum, sides of metanotum and the parts round the black central spot on first abdominal segment; yellow are the under side of the antennal scape, clypeus, base of mandibles, the frontal spot, base of pronotum, the postscutellum, sides and apex of first abdominal segment broadly, and the apices of the second and third. Some of the red markings may be yellow and vice versa, e. g., the clypeus, and the sides of metanotum may be yellow or red; the scutellum may rarely be black; there may be a rufous spot on the sides of the second abdominal segment at the base; in most the postscutellum is yellow; in all the wings are fuscous violaceous. This variety may be known as var. birkmannt. The form from Prescott, Congress, and Phoenix, Arizona (Oslar), and from Berkeley, Colorado (Oslar), is smaller and has the yellow and red colors much more extended. The female has the head and thorax red, with the ocelli, the sides and base of mesonotum, and more or less of the pleurae and breasts black; the top of the clypeus, a line on the eye incision, a line on the center of the apex of pronotum, a large spot under the tegulae, sides of scutellum, postscutellum, and the sides of the metathorax broadly, bright lemon yellow ; the abdomen is bright lemon yellow, with the bases of the first and second segments broadly red; the wings are almost hyaline, smoky violaceous along the anterior margin. The male of this variety has the front, vertex, occiput, CAMERON, SOME ODYNERINAE OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES 125 lower part of prothorax, mesothorax, middle of metanotum, and a more or less large spot on the center of the basal abdominal segments; the clypeus, a large semi-circular spot on the front, the eye incision, a spot under the tegulae, a spot on the sides of the scutellum, and the postscutellum, are yellow more or less tinged with rufous. The red mark on the base of the second abdominal segment is of irregular form and may be incised laterally at the middle and at the apex; there may be a square or triangular black mark in its middle; the basal half may be black with an enclosed transverse oval spot on the sides; the yellow apical band on the first segment may be dilated backwards at the sides. An example from Ormsby county, Nevada, has the upper part of the head, the thorax, except the apex of pronotum, a mark below the tegulae, one on the sides of the scutellum, the postscutellum, and the first and second segments of the abdomen (except at the sides), black. This variety may be known under the name os/art. This is a very variable species and very confusing, owing to some of the varieties simulating other but distinct species. O. orasus Cam., for example, agrees with the last form that I have described, but may at once be known by the incised apex of its clypeus. O. bradleyi Cam., could be matched in color by one of the aberrations, but may be known by the apex of the clypeus not being transverse, and by the very different form of the antennae. O. belti Cam., from Nicaragua is very similar in coloration, but has the clypeus longer compared with the width, and otherwise differs in the middle of the metapleurae at the sides projecting into a distinct tooth. Some of the forms are not unlike Rhygchium dorsale F., in coloration. Two characteristic features of the species are: the broad clypeus truncated at the apex in both sexes, and the form of the second abdominal segment, which is broader than long, its apex depressed, the depression widest in the middle and strongly punctured. Odynerus sapelloensis n. sp. Black, the clypeus except for a small black spot (broad and round above, narrowed beneath shortly below the middle), a mark over the antennae, a line on the base of the mandibles, a line on the base of the thorax, narrowed in the middle, an irregular oval mark (straight behind, rounded in front and nar- rowed), tegulae, base of postscutellum, two small irregular spots on the sides of the postscutellum, two small irregular spots on the sides of the metanotum, the apex of first abdominal segment (the sides of the apical half more broadly, the yellow projecting towards the center so that the black central part is nar- rower than the apical), the sides of the second segment from near the base (the yellow projecting into the central part at the base, the apex more nar- rowly), the greater part of the following segments, the apex of the second ventral and the greater part of the following except the last, sulphur yellow; the apex of the femora above, their lower part more broadly (especially the anterior), and the tibiae and tarsi, of a more rufous yellow, the rufous tint most distinct on the tarsi. Wings almost hyaline, clouded slightly with fulvous 126 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY in front, the radial cellule violaceous. Antennal scape yellow, black above. Female. Length 11-12 mm. Sapello Cafion and Las Vegas, New Mexico (Oslar). Clypeus as wide as long, its apex transverse. Base of thorax transverse, the sides of the apex bluntly margined, the upper half more distinctly than the lower, the middle projecting into a slight blunt tooth. The puncturation on the head, pro, and mesothorax, is strong and close; the apex of the metanotum is closely finely obliquely striated, the metapleurae except at the base is closely somewhat strongly obliquely striated, the striae intermixed with punctures. Abdomen closely punctured, the apex of the second segment and the following much more coarsely than the rest; the first segment cup-shaped, the second slightly wider than long, its apex reflexed. The pubescence is dense and fuscous. The male is smaller, its clypeus is entirely yellow and with a transverse apex, the whole being longer than wide; the markings on the abdomen are more irregular, e. g. the yellow oblique line on the second abdominal segment is almost enclosed, the black mark on the second ventral is divided on the sides by an oblique yellow line; the antennal hook is broad, thick, rounded, and slightly narrowed at the apex, reaching to the apex, of the penultimate; the legs have less black on the base, the coxae being yellow below, and the black on the femora shorter. This species is allied to O. arvensis Sauss., that being larger with clypeus not entirely yellow below, the legs not broadly black at the base, the sides of the metanotum yellow above, and the sides of the second abdominal segment only yellow at the apex. It is not unlike some of the varieties of O. annulatus Say : that species may be separated by the broader more bluntly pointed clypeus, it having also the sides of the metanotum yellow at the base. Odynerus deficiens n. sp. Black, the head and thorax densely covered with long fuscous pubescence, the clypeus, mandibles except at apex, a mark over the antennae, a short one behind the eyes, a line on the base of thorax laterally not reaching to the middle of pronotum, tegulae except for a central spot, a spot below them, postscutellum, a mark on the sides of the metanotum above, a broad line on the apex of the first abdominal segment broadly dilated laterally to the top of apical slope, a wider one on the second widely dilated laterally to near the base where there is an oblique projection narrowed towards the innerside, broad lines on the other segments, the second ventral (except for a large wide black mark irregularly narrowed laterally in the middle on the basal three- fourths), the greater part of the third to fifth ventrals, and a mark in the center of the last, yellow. Legs yellow, the femora largely marked with black. Male. Length 10 mm. Prescott, Arizona (Oslar). Clypeus pyriform, a little longer than wide, the apex depressed, not quite transverse, the sides slightly projecting. Base of thorax transverse, the sides not projecting, the apex transverse, the sides more strongly keeled above tian helow. Apex of postscutellum transverse. First abdominal segment cup- CAMERON, SOME ODYNERINAE OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES 127 shaped with a short neck, the second is, if anything, wider than long, nar- rowed at the base, the apex reflexed. Wings hyaline, tinged with violaceous ; the basal nervures, costa and stigma, testaceous, the apical nervures blackish. Allied to O. sapelloensis Cam., but that species may be known by the second abdominal segment being clearly longer than wide, by the yellow basal line being enclosed, not open, by the apical part of the black mark on the first abdominal segment being narrower and broader on the projecting sides, by the black mark on the second ventral segment being larger, having a larger more rounded incision on the sides, and the apex having a broad rounded incision. Odynerus viereckii n. sp. Black, the clypeus, base of mandibles, a triangular frontal mark (the nar- row end below and with a short pedicel), the eye incision, the greater part of the outer orbits, the basal half of pronotum, sides of scutellum, postscutellum, a broad conical spot below the tegulae, the sides of the first abdominal segment from the top of the basal slope, its apex more narrowly, the second segment except a large broad mark on the center of the basal two-thirds (this mark has the basal half obliquely narrowed, the narrowed apical part of equal width), and all the rest of the abdomen pale orange yellow. Legs fulvous, the under- side of the coxae pale yellow, the upper black, the apex of the femora and of the tibiae in front, yellow. Antennal scape rufous. ‘The center of the clypeus tinged with rufous; the apical half of pronotum, the center of the scutellum broadly, the upper edges of the sides of metanotum broadly, and a broad band bordering the sides of the black spots on the center of the first and second abdominal segments, rufous. Wings fulvo-hyaline, the apex slightly infus- cated, the nervures blackish, the costa and stigma fulvous. Female. Length 12 mm. Claremont, California (Baker). Clypeus as wide as long, the upper half strongly but not closely punc- tured, the lower flat with scattered punctures; the apex broad, transverse, furrowed behind. At the end of the vertex in the center, there is a smooth transverse curved space roundly dilated behind, and with a curved trans- verse depression on the hinder half. Base of thorax transverse, the apex laterally becomes gradually widened from the top and bottom to the middle ; the center of the apex is roundly depressed and closely transversely striated. The puncturation is strong and close, and on the pleurae running into reticu- lations. First abdominal segment smooth, cup-shaped, the second slightly longer than wide, sparsely weakly punctured, the apex strongly punctured with a smooth reflexed border, the other segments are much more coarsely punctured, the apex of the third is strongly reflexed. This species might be taken for a form of annulatus but may readily be known by the reflexed borders of the second and third segments, by the fulvous tinted wings and by the longer second abdominal segment. Odynerus trichiosomus n. sp. Black, the clypeus, mandibles except the teeth, labrum, a mark over the antennae (broad and transverse above, the lower part of it obliquely roundly 128 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY narrowed, the lower half of equal width, half the breadth of the upper), a line on the lower part of the eye incision, a narrow interrupted line on the outer orbits, the pronotum, two small spots on the scutellums, a curved spot narrowed below on the sides of the metanotum above, and the greater part of the abdomen, orange yellow; the yellow on the pronotum and two basal seg- ments of abdomen largely suffused with rufous; the abdomen has the follow- ing black markings: the basal slope of first abdominal segment, the black con- tinued down the middle of the segment to shortly beyond its middle, this part being narrowed at the base, widely dilated at the apex, it becoming gradually widened from the base to the apex, a large broad mark on the basal half of the second segment, its basal part extends to the outer edge of the segment, from where it becomes gradually obliquely narrowed to the middle, then obliquely dilated to the apex which is transverse, this apical part not being so wide as the basal; an irregular band on the base of the fifth segment, a broader regular one on the base of the sixth, a narrower more irregular line around its sides and apex, the first ventral segment, a narrow band on the base of the second with a square projection in its middle, and the basal half of the apical segment. Basal three joints of the antennae rufous above, the scape yellow below. Legs reddish yellow, the coxae, trochanters, and base of femora black, the black on the hinder femora longer than on the others. Wings fuscous hyaline, the anterior fulvous in front to the stigma, the costa and stigma fulvous. Male—Length 11 mm. Gallinas Canon, New Mexico, July. (Oslar.) Entire body covered with long dark fuscous pubescence. The yellow on the pronotum and on the basal two segments of abdomen is suffused with rufous. Clypeus pyriform, slightly but distinctly longer than wide, the apex with a shallow rounded incision. Upper part of head and thorax coarsely punctured, the punctures on the mesopleurae coarser, running into reticula- tions; the base of the metapleurae finely closely striated, the rest much more coarsely irregularly striated. First abdominal segment cup-shaped, smooth, the second as wide as long, the basal two-thirds smooth, the apical deeply irregularly, but not very closely punctured; the third to sixth are similarly punctured, the punctures becoming gradually smaller, the apices of the seg- ments smooth, not reflexed. Antennal hook black, curved, reaching to the case of the penultimate joint. Base of thorax transverse, the sides not pro- jecting. Postscutellum with a steep slope, its base punctured, the rest smooth, the apex transverse. Sides of metanotum rugose, not margined, the center closely transversely striated, not hollowed; it is almost transverse behind. This species can only be placed in Odynerus sens. str. Odynerus approximatus n. sp. Black, the clypeus, mandibles except the teeth, a line fully three times longer than wide and roundly dilated above over the antennae, a broad line bordering the lower part of the eye incision, a ‘short narrow line behind the eyes near the top, a broad spot of equal width behind on the base of the pro- notum reaching close to the middle, tegulae, postscutellum, a narrow line on CAMERON, SOME ODYNERINAE OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES 129 the top half of the sides of metanotum, an oblique conical mark below the tegulae, lines on the apices of the abdominal segments, an oblique mark touch- ing the apical line on the sides of the first about three times longer than wide, a large irregular oval spot on the sides of the second, and two small spots in the center of the second ventral, pale yellow. Legs pale yellow, the coxae, trochanters and base of femora black above, the black on the fore-femora on the basal third, on the intermediate reaching shortly beyond the middle, on the hinder close to the apex; the tarsi tinged with fulvous. Wings hyaline, tinged with violaceous, the nervures and stigma black. Male—Length 6-7 mm. Fedor, Texas. (Birkmann.) Antennae stout, becoming thicker towards the apex, the hook brown, reaching to the middle of the penultimate joint. Clypeus slightly longer than wide, the lower half straight, obliquely narrowed, the apex with a shallow rounded incision. Base of thorax almost transverse, the sides not projecting. Apex of postscutellum broadly rounded. Sides of metanotum rounded, not margined. Basal slope of first abdominal segment smooth, the second segment a little wider at the apex than it is long; the apex is more strongly punctured than the rest; it is slightly reflexed. The apical half of the middle femora is dilated laterally and compressed, of irregular form. Puncturation of the head and thorax close and strong; they are covered with white pubescence. This species is based on three males which agree in form, sculpture, size, and coloration, and in having the middle femora more or less dilated and com- pressed. The structure of the middle femora is not quite alike in any two of them, though this may not be a point of specific distinction. ‘The two ventral yellow marks may be absent. Odynerus mediatus n. sp. Male—Length 6 mm. Three Rivers, California (Culbertson. ) This species agrees in coloration of the body with O. approximatus, hav- ing also the same form of clypeus and thorax; they may be separated as fol- lows: A. Hind femora black except at the extreme apex, the middle femora as as seen from the front dilated from near the middle, the apex of the expanded part dilated, with an oblique slope; the middle tibiae becoming gradually widened from the base to the apex; the second abdominal segment distinctly longer than wide, its apex flat, its basal half smooth; the apical weakly punctured ex- cept at the apex, where the puncturation is stronger. approximatus. AA. Hind femora yellow on the outer side, black below and within, middle femora compressed at the apex, clearly thinner than the basal, the middle tibiae not much thickened at the apex compared with the base, the second segment distinctly punctured throughout, its apex reflexed. ' mediatus. The yellow on the legs (especially on the anterior) is largely suffused with rufo-fulvous ; the pubescence is dense, white, and silky; the sides of the first 130 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY abdominal segment are yellow, as is also the apex; the oblique mark is large and broad, the mark on the sides of the second segment is large, broad, and widest on the outer side; there are two spots on its ventral surface, which are large and oval; the incision on the clypeus is triangular and is deeper and more distinct than in approximatus. First abdominal segment cup-shaped, wider than long, almost smooth except at the apex, which is weakly punctured. The female (from mountains near Claremont, California) has the yellow markings larger, the apex of the second abdominal segment is more deeply punctured, and is distinctly reflexed, the clypeus is slightly broader than long, has the apex depressed and transverse, and has in its center a large transverse oval black spot, the yellow oblique mark on the first abdominal segment is almost enclosed on the outer hinder part, the narrowed black part of the apex being almost continued to the outer edge; as in the male there are two large irregular oval yellow marks. Odynerus crassispinus n. sp. Black, the clypeus, mandibles except the teeth, a line about two and a half times longer than wide and of equal width over the antennae, a broad line dilated above on the lower edge of the eye incision, a short line near the top of the outer orbits, an interrupted line of equal width on the base cf the thorax, a large conical mark (the wide end above) below the tegulae, tegulae except a large brownish spot on the inner basal part, base of postscutellum, a small oblique longish oval mark on the middle of the first basal obdominal segment, a line on the apex of the first abdominal segment of almost equal width, broad lines extending backwards on the sides to near the base, broad lines on the apices of the second to sixth ventrals and two large oval marks on the second ventral near the outer edges, bright orange yellow. Legs of a paler yellow, the coxae, trochanters, and basal two-thirds of the femora behind, black, Underside of the antennal scape bright yellow, of the flagellum tulvous brown. Wings clear hyaline, the radial cellule clouded, the stigma dark fuscous. Male—Length 7 mm. Claremont, California. ( Baker.) Hind coxae armed at the base with a stout tooth, narrowed towards the apex gradually, and longer than it is wide at the base. Clypeus longer than wide, broad and transverse at the apex. Apex of postscutellum broadly rounded, narrowed. Metanotum with bluntly rounded sides, rough, the middle finely closely obliquely striated. First abdominal segment cup-shaped, smooth, the second as long as it is wide at the apex, its base smooth finely, the apex more strongly punctured and flat; the other segments are finely but distinctly punctured. Pro- and mesopleurae distinctly but not closely punctured, the metapleurae closely roughly obliquely striated. Characteristic of this species are the transverse broad apex of the clypeus, and the stout spine on the hind coxae. Odynerus sulciventris n. sp. Red; flagellum narrowly at the base, a large mark square in front obliquely narrowed behind covering the ocelli, the lower part of occiput, a mark dilated at the base on basal half of mesonotum, a narrower longer one down the CAMERON, SOME ODYNERINAE OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES 131 sides extending to the apex, a line around the postscutellum, lower edge of propleurae, lower half of mesopleurae, mesosternum, base of metapleurae, the base of the third abdominal segment narrowly, of the fourth more broadly, and the base of the second ventral, black. Wings hyaline, narrowly suffused with fuscous in front, the costa and stigma dark testaceous, the nervures black. Female—Length .12 mm. Nogales, Arizona. (Oslar.) A broad stout species, sparsely haired and except the basal abdominal segment, closely strongly punctured. Clypeus as broad as long, its apex bluntly rounded. Thorax about twice longer than wide, as wide as the head, the base with the sides rounded, the sides of the apex rounded and rough. Postscutellum projecting over the metanotum, coarsely punctured except on lower apical slope which is perpendicular. Metanotum roundly hollowed, the sides transversely striated. Abdomen long-ovate, as long and as wide as the thorax; the first segment cup-shaped, with a distinct pedicel at the base, as wide as the second which is slightly wider than long, its apex depressed and more strongly punctured than the rest. Mandibles of a paler rufous color than the head, the teeth black. Tegulae rufous, with a large lead-colored spot in the center. There is a distinct oblique depression over each antenna, the lower part of the front being thus gradually narrowed. The base of the second ventral segment is thicker than usual, projecting more downwards, and there- fore appearing more clearly separated from the first; there is a distinct furrow down the basal half. The punctured apical depressed part of the second abdominal segment is wide, and broadly roundly dilated backward in the middle. “ Odynerus jeromensis n. sp. Black, the head, thorax and base of abdomen densely covered with a longish pale pile; the clypeus, the greater part of the antennal scape a small mark wider than long and roundly narrowed below over the antennae, post- scutellum, a line on the apex of the first abdominal segment dilated laterally, the dilation longer up and down than longitudinally and with the edge of the base ragged, the basal two-thirds of the second segment, the apex not reaching to the outer edge, before it an irregular indentation longest laterally, narrowed inwardly, the base with an irregular edge, the apical boundary nar- row and narrowed towards the outer edge, the third and fourth segments except narrowly at the base, the lfth more widely, the line roundly widened at the base, the apical half of the sixth, and the greater part of the ventral surface, lemon yellow. The following parts are black on the ventral segments: the first segment, the base of the second broadly, the line in the middle nar- rowed gradually and continued to the middle, where it ends in a narrow square projection, the base of the following segments and the basal two-thirds of the last, a short line behind the top of the eyes, a line narrowed in the middle on the base of the thorax rufo-fulvous. Tegulae dark yellowish testaceous, largely fuscous in the middle. Legs rufo-testaceous, the trochanters, the four ante- rior coxae behind, base of four anterior femora, the hind coxae, and the hind femora broadly, black. Wings hyaline, slightly infuscated, the costa and 132 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY stigma rufo-testaceous. Male—Total length 9 mm. Jerome, Arizona. (Oslar.) Base of thorax almost transverse, the edges bluntly rounded, the sides of the apex rough, not very blunt, the center closely obliquely striated. Apex of postscutellum broad, transverse, first abdominal segment large, cup-shaped, the second clearly longer than it is wide at the apex, where it is strongly punc- tured and reflexed, the base is slightly narrowed, the third, fourth and fifth segments are closely punctured, the punctures deep and distinctly separated, the apex of the sixth is less strongly punctured. Clypeus slightly longer than wide, the apex depressed, almost transverse. Antennal hook black, reaching to the middle of the tenth joint. Allied to O. sapelloensis, aequalis, and santaefeae from all of which it may be known by the black mark on the first abdominal segment not being incised laterally in the middle and by there being no yellow mark on the base of the metanotum at the sides. Odynerus congressensis n. sp. Ferruginous, the following parts black: a broad oblique line above each antenna, the vertex between the eyes, the fourth and following joints of the antennae, the base and sides of the mesonotum broadly, the parts surrounding the postscutellum, more or less of the center and apex of the metanotum, the edges of mesopleurae, the mesosternum. The following parts are yellow: the clypeus except for a curved rufous line around the center, a line on the apex of the pronotum, a longish oval mark below the tegulae, postscutellum, the apices of the first and second abdominal segments broadly, their sides to near the base still more broadly, the others entirely, and the sides of the metanotum broadly in the female, more narrowly in the male. Legs ferru- ginous, the tibiae tinged with ferruginous in front. Wings hyaline, largely tinged with violaceous in front; the costa and stigma fulvous, the other nerv- ures black. The pubescence is dense and pale. Female and male—Length 13 mm. Congress and Prescott, Arizona. (Oslar.) Clypeus as long as wide, its apex broad, transverse; it is strongly but not closely punctured. Mandibles rufous, the teeth black. Apex of postscutellum broadly rounded, rugosely punctured. Base of thorax transverse, the sides not projecting ; the thorax is more than twice longer than wide. First abdominal segment cup-shaped, smooth, the second if anything longer than wide, smooth except at the apex which is strongly but not very closely punctured, and not reflexed; the third, fourth, and fifth similarly punctured, the last smooth, the same parts of the ventral surface are more weakly punctured. The male is similarly colored except that the sides of the metanotum are not broadly yellow, the front is yellow, not rufous, the clypeus is broad as in the female, but the apex is not quite transverse. The antennal scape below, the mandibles, the tibiae, and to a less extent, the tarsi, are yellow. Probably the amount of yellow varies in both sexes. ‘The puncturation is strong, and is sparser on the center of the mesonotum. Allied apparently to O. ductus Cr. It is more slenderly built than arvensis or annulatus, to both of which it is related. CAMERON, SOME ODYNERINAE OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES 133 Odynerus (?) tanynotus n. sp. Reddish; the greater part of the first and the sides of the other abdominal segments broadly, the apical two-thirds of the scutellum, and its lateral keels, yellow. The fifth and following joints of the antennae, a large irregular mark in the center of the vertex from which two broad lines run down to the antennae, the mesonotum except for a broad V-shaped mark in the middle, the base and apex of the scutellum, of the postscutellum more narrowly, breasts, base of metapleurae broadly, a large semicircular mark on the apex of the metanotum, and a broad band on the apex of the second abdominal segment, black. Legs rufous, of a brighter tint than the body. Wings fus- cous-violaceous, the costa and stigma dark fulvous, the nervures black. Fe- male—Length 11 mm. Congress, Arizona. (Oslar.) Thorax somewhat more than twice longer than wide, rounded laterally behind, transverse at the base, the base of metanotum with a wide shallow furrow on the middle, the apex hollowed. Apex of postscutellum broadly rounded. Head cubical, fully wider than the thorax, the temples broad, slightly rounded, not narrowed, the apex transverse. Clypeus pyriform, broadly rounded above, gradually narrowed towards the apex which is trans- verse. The head is longer than usual viewed from the sides or front; it is closely strongly punctured, the rufous mark on the front is obliquely narrowed above and below, the lower part being longer and narrower than the upper. Thorax closely strongly punctured, more closely rugosely above than on the pleurae where the punctures are much more clearly separated. ‘The sides of the metanotum project into pale colored horny plates, narrowed broadly in the middle. The first abdominal segment is elongated bell-shaped, roundly nar- rowed at the base which is more rugosely punctured than the rest; it is about one-half longer than it is wide at the apex, and is of equal width from the top of the narrowed part, and it is longer than the second, which is slightly but distinctly longer than broad, not narrowed at the apex; its apex and that of the third are slightly reflexed. All the segments are closely strongly punc- tured, but not so strongly as the thorax. The abdomen is not much longer than the thorax. A distinct species from its coloration, large cubical head, long thorax compared with its width, and long bell-shaped first abdominal segment. The wings are placed shortly beyond the middle, the fore part of the thorax being thus longer than the posterior. There is no transverse keel on the base of the first abdominal segment, which is, however, roughened as in many of the Section Ancistrocerus, but not in Odynerus sens. str. Odynerus leucospilus u. sp. Black, shining, covered with a white down, dense and silvery on the clypeus ; the clypeus except for a line down the center and a broad one across the apex, a narrow line on the lower part of the eye incision, a line on the base of the thorax, the lateral widened part incised at the apex, tegulae except for a black spot, a mark of almost equal width below them, two spots on the apex of scutellum, the postscutellum, a mark on the lower edge of apex of meta- 134 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY notum, lines on the apices of the basal five abdominal segments, that on the first trilobate, the middle lobe smaller than the lateral, and an oblique spot gradually narrowed on the outerside, white. Underside of antennae rufous brown, the hook small, not extending beyond the base of the joint. Legs bright red, the coxae, trochanters, and base of anterior femora broadly, of posteriorly more narrowly, black. The anterior femora behind, and the tibiae behind, white. Wings hyaline, the radial cellule smoky, the costa testaceous, the nervures black. Male—Length 10 mm. Prescott, Arizona. (Oslar.) Clypeus longer than wide, its apex rather broad, bluntly rounded, narrowly rufous. Thorax about twice longer than wide, the base transverse, the apex broadly rounded laterally, the center hollowed, the whole strongly but not closely punctured. The first abdominal segment is nearly as long as the sec- ond, the basal half becoming gradually widened from the base, almost im- punctate, shining, the apical part rather strongly punctured, the following four segments more strongly and closely punctured, the second as wide as long, distinctly roundly narrowed at the base, its apex not reflexed, the last smooth and bluntly rounded. WEST COAST NEWS NOTES [In this department we hope to give in most numbers of the Journal, some idea of the doings and movements of western entomologists, notices of publications of interest to western students, notices of entomological meetings, etc. To this end, we hope that students or collectors will send in all items of entomological interest about themselves or others. Address, Fordyce Grin- nell, Jr., 572 N. Marengo Ave., Pasadena, Cal.] Mr. C. W. Herr, a lepidopterist, formerly of Pasadena, Cal., and Tellu- ride, Colo., has settled in northern Idaho, where he will doubtless collect some interesting insects. Recent additions to the collectors and students of insects in Southern California, are Mr. Karl R. Coolidge, formerly of Palo Alto, and Mr. G. R. Pilate, formerly of Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Karl R. Coolidge has finished a report on the Arachnida of the Gala- pagos Islands, which is about to be published in the Proceedings of the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences. The Regular Quarterly Meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomological So- ciety was held at Thompson's Café, San Francisco on November 20, 1909. Mr. William T. Bather, Librarian of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, who visited Pasadena and the northern part of the State in September, ad- dressed the November meeting of the Society on “A Collector Twice Across the Continent.” The last informal gathering of entomologists in Pasadena took place at the residence of Mr. V. L. Clemence on November 11. Mr. Schrader of Los Angeles, told more of his interesting experimental work with the Lepidoptera. These meetings are held on the second Thursday evenings of each month, and all students and collectors are cordially invited to attend. Prof. J. J. Rivers of Santa Monica, our veteran student of entomology, although near 80 years, is still active, and is writing up some notes on the genus Melitaea (Lemonias) which he knows so well. All students of zoo-geography in California should read and study Dr. James Perrin Smith’s article in “Science” for September 10, on the ‘‘Geologi- cal History of California.” 136 POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Dr. F. E. Blaisdell’s valuable paper on the Eleodiini has elicited a number of reviews and criticisms, mostly of a very commendatory character. In “The Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation,” for October, an interesting criticism is found. Although Dr. Blaisdell divides his genus Eleodes into sub- divisions and groups, with full diagnoses, he drops these subdivisions and uses Eleodes for all subdivisions ; ‘the binomial used not offering the slightest sug- gestion as to the position of the species in any one of the eleven subdivisions into which the group falls, and of which Eleodes is common to both series.” It might be said the same of the formae, under the species, which are evidently incipient species or subspecies, possibly a few mutations, and are consequently very interesting, more so than the well differentiated and isolated species ; they should be as much recognized by name, although possibly in a trinomial form to express their relationships. The intensive and systematic study of the variation of species, subspecies, etc., with strict regard to their environment and geographical distribution is of great value and interest in the study of the origin of species, faunae and florae. Of course, this has to be done with immense series of specimens from all over the range of distribution and in different years; for species which are in process of formation vary in all directions in pattern or structure, 1. e., fluc- tuating variation, some variations being more numerous than the others and eventually one pattern or structure is evolved through selection; whether this selection is germinal, environmental or determinate remains to be learned. In a beginning study of the variations of a little blue butterfly, Cupido fulla, from various mountains of Southern California, some very interesting points are being discovered. The species which evidently had a continuous range, rather recently, geologically, has become more or less isolated into colonies; the vari- ous colonies( although showing their relationship among themselves, are, it seems, beginning to vary in different directions, one form of pattern predomi- nating over the others. Is this an example of determinate variation? The mutations of certain plant breeders and experimenters are simply these indi- vidual or fluctuating variations, isolated by human means and perpetuated for atime. There are many mutations in every variable species, one of which, in course of time, by means of natural selection may become the prevailing form —the species. We can only get a correct idea of species from the study of species in their true habitat and environment. Of course, plant and animal breeding and improvement is of use economically; but it is not natural history. De Vries’ idea is that “the slow and gradual changes surmised by Wallace and his followers, . . . are entirely beyond our future and present experience”’! And further; “One of the greatest objections to the Darwinian theory of de- scent arose from the length of time it would require, if all evolution was to be explained on the theory of slow and nearly invisible changes. ‘This difficulty is at once met and fully surmounted by the hypothesis of periodical but sudden and quite noticeable steps.”!! That reminds us of the teachings of Werner and his followers in geology, in a different line, a century ago. “Time is as long as space is wide.” Our finite minds can not grasp all the infinite. WEST COAST NEWS NOTES 137 Code des Couleurs, a l’usage des Naturalistes, Artistes, Commercants, et Industriels. 720 Echantillons de Couleurs Classés d’apres la méthode Chevreul simplifiée. par Paul Klincksieck et Th. Valette. Paris: Paul Klincksieck, Editeur, 3 rue Corneille, 1908. This is a book of 32 pages of text, and 50 plates, on heavy paper, contain- ing 720 blocked colors; a table of 10 principal colors in 18 languages, and a table of contents. The whole making a neat and portable volume. The publication of this book is a great boon to systematic naturalists everywhere, as Ridgway’s Nomenclature of Colors has long been out of print, and it has been practically impossible to obtain a copy of it. This book was planned in 1906, through a real need felt in the study and description of the ‘““Champignons”’; thus it was planned, in part, by a naturalist for naturalists. The hope is expressed that this color code may recommend itself to the whole world, and there is vertainly great need of a uniform nomenclature of colors accepted and used by naturalists everywhere. As the recognition of geographic isolation as one of the chief factors in evolution, comes to be better known and studied, it is imperative that tones of color, where color is of use, should be very accurately stated, instead of in general comparative ways as is usually done. The fundamental colors are six, those of the solar spectrum, and the tones are indicated by a number, the method invented by Chevreul; which is decidedly better than “Se fatiguer pour trouver dans les trois Regnes on ailleurs le nom d'un équivalent qui lui ressemble plus on moins vaguemont,”’ and “qui ne signifient rien de précis.” There are over 14,000 tones in Chevreul’s sys- tem, but some of these, Chevreul himself, could hardly distinguish. 720 tones were thought to be enough for the use of naturalists. Part II. of the text, is by Th. Valette and considers the following subjects: 1. Des couleurs au point de vue physique. Sources de lumiére colorées. 2 3. Des couleurs matérielles on pigments colorés. 4. Classification des couleurs. 5. Code des couleurs a l'usage des naturalistes. 6. Confection du Code des Couleurs. 7. Examen des couleurs complémentaires contrastes. » The book ought to be in use by every systematic naturalist, dealing with groups which exhibit color differences, thus helping to make a uniform nomen- clature, instead of indicating colors by some vague term, which leaves an idea of uncertainty. Stability in terminology ought to be as important as the other rules of nomenclature,—priority, etc., and should be taken up by com- mittees on nomenclature. The book can be had from the firm of G. E. Stechert & Co., 129-133 West 20th St., N. Y. Vol. \ ] v Vol. »~ Vol s Aw ‘- Vol ai jw 4 Vol. v Vol gout» we not XK { 6 AOE PARTS OF THE INVERTEBRATA PACIFICA For Sale and Exchange . 1, pp. 1-12, HOMOPTERA (On the Gnathodus species of the Abdominalis group, Cc, F. Baker; A New Genus of the Typhloeybini, C. F, Baker; The genus Erythria in America, C. FP, Baker; New Typhlocybini, C. F. Baker; Notes'on Macropsis, C. F. Baker). Price 30 cents. . I, pp. 138-16, ORTHOPTERA (First Decade of Orthoptera issued in the Invertebrata Pacifica series, C. F. Baker; Additional Notes on Pacifie Coast Orthoptera, C. F. Baker; New Orthoptera from Nevada, A. P. Morse). Price 10 cents. . I, pp. 17-40, DIPTERA (Reports on Californian and Nevadan Diptera, I, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species and genera by D. W. Coquillet; Two New Siphonaptera, C. F, Baker). Price 60 cents. 1, pp. 47-70, HYMENOPTERA (Descriptions of some new Hymenoptera from California and Nevada, J. J. Kieffer; New Hymenoptera mostly from Nicaragua, P, Cameron). Price 75 cenvs. I, pp. 71-84, ORTHOPTERA (Second Report on Pacific Slope Orthoptera, C. F, Baker, with descriptions of new species by J. A. G. Rehn and C. F, Baker). ; Price 35 cents. 1, pp. 85-92, NEUROPTEROID INSECTS (Notes on Neuroptersid Insects of the Pacific Coast of North America, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species by Nathan Banks). — Price 20 cents. . 1, pp. 98-110, HYMENOPTERA (New western Mutillidae, I, C. F. Baker; On Some Hymenoptera collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Nicaragua, P. Cameron; Descriptions of new species of Tiphiidae from Nevada and Southern California collected by Prof. C, F, Baker, P. Cameron). Price 45 cents. . I, pp. 111-1382, HYMENOPTERA (New Western Mutillidae, II, C. F. Baker; On some Hymenoptera, chiefly undescribed, collectcd by Prof. C. F. Baker in Nevada and Southern California, P. Cameron). Price 55 cents. I, pp. 133-140, HETEROPTERA (Notes on the Nysius and Ortholomus of America, C. F. Baker). Price 20 cents. . 1, pp. 141-159, HYMENOPTERA (The Bee Genus Pasiphae in North America, C. F. Baker; American Bees related to Melecta, C. F. Baker; On New Vespidae collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Western, North and Central America, P. Cameron; On Seme Vespinae from Belize, P. Cameron; Descriptions of Three Species of S>eial Vespidae with Note on Polybia albopicta Sm., P. Cameron; New Species of Tiphia collected by Prot. C. F. Baker in Nevada and Nicaragua, P. Cameron). Price 45 cents. 1, pp. 160-178, HYMENOPTERA (Some New Gorytes—like Wasps, C. F. Baker; Descriptions of New American Tiphiidae, P. Cameron; \ New Mutillid near Brachy- cistis, from Ualifornia, C. F. Baker), Price 45 cents. . Il, pp. 179-198, HYMENOPTERA (Two New Bees of the Genus Ceratina, C. F. Baker; On Some North American Species of Chartergus, P. Cameron; On Some Diploteryga ot Belize and Nicaragua, P. Cameron; New Halictinae from the Western United States, J. C. Crawford). Price 50 cents. Any of these papers will be exchanged for any papers on Hemiptera or Hymenoptera in our library. Send lists of duplicates and desiderata to Cc, F. BAKER, Pomona College, Claremont, Cal. POMONA COLLEGE “Our Tribute to Christian Civilization” One of the best located, and best housed and outfitted Colleges on the West Coast with a very full corps of unusually enthusiastic and energetic professors, and a large and very vigorous student body. The laboratories in Biology, Chemis- try,Physics and Astronomy are splendidly equipped and such as any college might be thoroughly proud of. Offers full Literary, Classical and Scientific courses. Possesses well-manned schools of Music and Art, and offers exceptional facilities in Library and Athletics. The college should be judged by its out-put, Pomona has been very proud of hers. Claremont is admittedly at the center of one of the most salubrious, beauti- fully located, and desirable residence districts in California, For further information, address, POMONA COLLEGE CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA VOLUME TWO NUMBER ONE Jiomona Cullege Journal of Lntomalogy MARCH 1910 Contents 1. PIERCE, WRIGHT M. - - - - - Fumigation Studies I “2. ESSIG, E. O. = - = 2 Natural Enemies of Citrus Mealy Bug I v3. ESSIG, E. O. - - - - - Genus Pseudococcus in California II /4. CRAWFORD, D. L. - - - - Thysanoptera of Southern California II . 5. CRAWFORD, D. L. - - Thysanoptera of Mexico and the South II 6. GRINNELL, FORDYCE = - - West Coast News Notes PUBLISHED BY THE Department of Biology of Pomona pian Insti CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. , apr L# 19] ha POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Subscription price, $1.00 to domestic and $1.25 to foreign postal countries. Reprints of any of the articles can be obtained at a nominal price. The pages of the Journal are open especially to West American entomol- ogists, but also general taxonomic papers from any source will be welcome. Especially is this Journal offered in exchange for all entomological and zoological journals, and proceedings, transactions, and reports of societies, mu- seums, laboratories, and expeditions. The separates are likewise offered in exchange for other entomological and zoological separates. During 1909 the existence of the Journal was credited to the support of the Ontario-Cucamonga Citrus Association. It is to be noted, however, with due appreciation, that one member of that Exchange, Mr. A. P. Harwood, was the donor of one-half of the amount from that source. During 1910, the Journal is pleased to acknowledge a wider support, now including the Ontario- Cucamonga Exchange, with Mr. A. P. Harwood, The San Antonio Fruit Ex- change, The A. C. G. Fruit Exchange, and The Covina Fruit Exchange. Address all rem’ ‘es and communications to POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, C. F. Baxrer, Manacrine Epiror, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. Pomona College Journal of Entomology Volume II MPAGRE Gas EO 1k0) Number 1 FUMIGATION STUDIES—I THE USE OF WATER IN FUMIGATION DOSAGES WRIGHT M. PIERCE. [The people of this immediate region spend hundreds of thousands of dollars each year for citrus fumigation. They are acutely interested to know just what they are getting, and want to understand clearly the factors which control successful work. Mr. Pierce has taken up this work here in our own region and has gathered a large amount of first hand facts by actually fol- lowing up many contracting fumigators in the field and studying carefully their methods and results. His work this year may be gathered under four heads, (1) Use of Water in Fumigation Dosages, (2) Estimating Fumigation Dosages for Trees, (3) Does Contract Fumigation Pay, and (4) Handling Chemicals in Fumigation Work. Some of his first results are pres“ ted herewith. He has gathered a remarkable series of photographs in evidenc. \ the points he wishes to make—many more than we are able to present here-—td. | An enormous amount of Fumigation is being done in Southern Califor- nia now, and to keep the more destructive scales out of his grove is the most important problem facing the citrus grower of today. With our poor knowl- edge of parasites and the best ways to use them in our service, it seems that fumigation is now the most efficient process by which the citrus grower can combat the insect pests found here. Within many miles of Claremont prac- tically all of the fumigating done is for the black scale alone, and the cost to this district on account of this pest alone, amounts to tens of thousands of dollars. With this outlay and the prime importance of the work to the whole citrus industry, it becomes a matter of the highest import to study carefully the methods actually employed in the district, determining if the methods used are the most efficient ones, if the greatest possible service is obtained from the chemicals used, and if the whole operation is accomplished with the least possible cost to the grower. In work so extensively carried on as this is, it is 140 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY easy to see that a very small saving of materials in some one operation, or perhaps a little adding of expense in another, would in the long run, amount to a difference of thousands of dollars to those who are now compelled for their own safety to have the fumigating done. Out of the many problems and urgent questions with which this subject is replete, the present article will con- sider briefly the use of water in fumigation. In the production of hydrocyanic acid gas by the action of acid upon cyanide, it is absolutely necessary to add a certain definite proportion of water in order that the action shall be complete and the maximum amount of gas obtained for the chemicals used. Mr. R. S. Woglum, the Department of Agriculture expert who has been carrying out fumigation investigations at » Whittier for several years, has long since called attention to the fact that to vary the amount of water from a certain optimum standard, is to change very materially the ultimate results obtained. His original conclusions were based Figure 53. “Frosted” Generators upon laboratory work with the chemicals. As a result of his investigations he recommends as giving the best all around results the following formula: Water three parts, sulphuric acid one part, and potassium cyanide one part. This having been determined, it was an interesting matter to follow up our local fumigators and examine the actual practice in this regard. Three out of four of the outfits studied were found to be using this standard formula. ‘Those using it were getting very satisfactory results from it. All the cyanide “burned” and no “baking” or “frosting” took place in the generat- ing dishes. When the refuse was turned out of the dishes there was no hard residue left, showing conclusively that the action had been complete. In the case of one outfit using a different formula a very different result was encountered. Here the generating dishes were in a very dirty condition, (Figure 53), much of the dose having “frosted,” so that each time it was dumped out, a very liberal supply of the light colored flaky substance THE USE OF WATER IN FUMIGATION DOSAGES 141 remained, sticking to the generator. When the material dumped upon the ground in piles was examined again, even after several days, the strong odor of hydrocyanic acid gas was easily distinguishable. Old specimens of this ma- terial when analyzed, do not show the presence of any unused cyanide, as a report from the Government Chemist kindly made by Dr. L. O. Howard on some of this very material, would seem to indicate. Yet many days had elapsed between the use of the material in the generators and its analysis by the Chemist. It seems unquestionable that there is a considerable loss of gas in real practice where severe “frosting” occurs, and when minimum dosages are used as for black scale, it means not only a waste of materials, but a loss in efficiency. Last year one outfit was followed up closely by men from this department and was found not to be killing even the black scale on certain trees with the dosages and times of exposure it was using. The outfit men- Figure 54. Showing amount of material often dumped out of a single generator tioned above, the work of which was seriously impeded by “frosting” of the generators, was using a formula: water one part, cyanide two parts, acid one and a half parts. In this formula there is evidently not enough water to dissolve and free the potassium sulphate which is formed by the action of the acid on the cyanide, and thus it cakes (Figure 54), retarding the action and preventing the most rapid escape of = gas. In spite of the importance to be attached to the matter of a proper amount of water in the formula, we know of one outfit which sent a boy through the orchard with a pail and dipper to ladle water into the generators. Such an occurrence is, however, a rarity. All of the outfits whose work I have fol- lowed, have measured out the water with glass graduates (Figure 55), and have shown a disposition to mix the dosages with care, even when the formula used was an unwise one, and the method of estimating the dosage a most uncertain one—as is usually the case in this region. The day of guesswork is, however, rapidly passing. The growers have had enough of it, and are rapidly 142 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY coming to the point where something better will be demanded. So in the matter of the water used, in the case of contract fumigating the formula should Figure 55. Showing a common method of handling water be one of the important items of the contract, and it is up to the grower to see that the 3-1-1 formula is the one stipulated and carried out. Figure 56. The water wagon of a fumigating outfit THE NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE CITRUS MEALY BUG. I KE. O. ESSIG. Beginning with this article, we expect to present, as thoroughly as possible. the life-histories of all our natural enemies of the Citrus Mealy Bug ( Pseudo- coccus citri). Due to the great variety of its food plants, and its natural ability to ward off sprays and gases, it is believed by good authorities that the only remedy possible for the Mealy Bug lies with its insect enemies. Whether this be entirely true or not, we are sure that they will play a very important part and should be known by all who are interested in the raising of citrus fruits. Two divisions of friendly insects are recognized: First, those insects which prey directly upon and devour the host, or Predacious enemies; and second, those which undergo their transformations from the egg to the adult within the body of the host, or Internal parasites. ‘The first to come under consideration is one of the predacious enemies: Sympherobius angustus Banks (Brown Lace-wing). ApuLt FemMaLre.—(Fig. 57)—In general the color is brown, and rightly deserves the name Brown Lace-Wing. In shape and carriage it greatly resem- bles the green Aphis-Lion, or Chrysopa, which is familiar to all. Length of body, 6mm.; including wings, 7 mm. Width of body, 2 mm. Wing spread, 14 mm. Head, small with large compound eyes. Mouth-parts as shown is Figure 58A. Antennae nearly as long as body, many articled (59 to 60) ; the articles are nearly rectangular, and very hairy, as is the entire body. Legs, rather long and slender. Wings, primary and secondary, are nearly alike in structure. The former are much larger and highly pigmented, while the latter are nearly hyaline. In repose the wings are folded with the costal margin down, as are the wings of most Neuropteroids. The general and detailed structure may be seen in the drawing (Figure 57). The adult forms are very short-lived and scarcely survive a day or two. In confinement they usually live about 24 hours. Although they have little need of food, | have seen them greedily devour adult Mealy Bugs. The pro- cess of eating is simple. With their effective mouth-parts (Fig 58 A) they rapidly eat a hole in the back of the mealy bug and extract the contents, with- out lifting the prey from off its feet. At all times the female is very active and continually keeps its antennae moving while it runs about or flits hither and thither. As yet the eggs have not been found. I believe this is because they are laid in the cottony egg masses of the Mealy Bug and are very difficult 144 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Figure 57. Sympherobius angustus. Adult, enlarged about twenty-one times ESSIG, THE NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE CITRUS MEALY BUG 145 to find. The young larvae are always found in these egg masses, and in these the pupa cases are also formed, so the whole life-cycle is practically right among the eggs and bodies of the prey. Larva (Fig. 59)—Length, 6 to 8 mm.; width, 1 to 2 mm. The prevailing color is slate gray to red at the ends of the body. The larva resembles slightly the larva of the Chrysopa, but might be taken for a maggot because the legs are very short and the movements are slow. The movements of the head, however, are very rapid, and almost continual. The mouth-parts (Fig. 58, B, D) are specially fitted for sucking out the juices of insects. The mandibles or jaws are deeply grooved, allowing the liquids to flow down on the inside. The prey is lifted bodily from its feet by seizing it Figure 58. Sympherobius angustus; A, head of adult, ventral; B, head of larva, dorsal; D, head of larva, ventral; C and E, claws of larva with the long jaws. It is held suspended in the air until the entire contents have been extracted and nothing but the empty shell remains. The claws of the feet (Fig. 58, C, E) are excellent for grasping the leaf or footing on which the larva stands. To hold a wriggling insect almost of its own weight must needs require such an adaptation. As before stated, these larve are found always in the egg masses, and feed a great deal on the eggs, and young Mealy Bugs. When the time for transformation comes the larva spins a cocoon, which resembles a miniature moth cocoon. The head is folded on the breast as shown in the cuts (Fig. 59, A). The cast-off larva skins may be seen in the empty cases. When the pupa has emerged into the adult it eats out a hole in one end and makes its exit. 146 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY The development or life-cycle begins about September and the broods are still (in January) hatching. Adults are coming out every day in the laboratory breeding cages, and there are still plenty of the larval stages which go to show that some adults may emerge late in the spring. In general the life-cycle is much longer than that of the Citrus Mealy Bug and the rate of multiplication much lower. Although a native of this section and here prior to the Mealy Bug it has never been able to cope with it. ‘This is certainly due to a secondary internal parasite which attacks the pupa and Figure 59. Sympherobius angustus; A, larva; B, early, and C, late, stages of pupa destroys it. Large numbers of parasites have been hatched from it, and will be described later. While we can never hope for it to destroy the Mealy Bug by itself, we can always look for quick and effective work wherever it has a chance. A combi- nation of several as effective enemies as this one could do the work. Many different enemies for the Mealy Bug must be obtained, and only when they are all finally established and working together will we begin to really experience relief through their efforts. THE GENUS PSEUDOCOCCUS IN CALIFORNIA . O. ESSIG. Pseudococcus agrifoliae Essig The description of this form on page 42, Vol. II, of the Journal applies to the winter form. After close study I find that there are two forms; a sum- mer and a winter. The winter form as described is viviparous, has antennae with 7 short articles, legs with femur and tibia nearly co-equal. I am includ- ing the drawings of the leg and antennae of the summer form and a rough outline sketch of a winter form showing the chief characters (Fig. 60). Figure 60. Pseudococcus agrifoliae. A, summer form with young; B, antenna of same; C, leg of same SumMMER Form—Antennae (Fig. 60 B)—8-articled and normally hairy. The respective lengths of the articles beginning with the longest are: (2 and 8), 3, (1 and 5), 4, 6, 7. These characters would throw the form in F or FF in the provisional key, on pages 36-37, Vol. II, of the Journal. Legs (Fig. 60 C), are normal with few hair. Tibia nearly twice as long as femur, and three times as long as the tarsus. In the anal lobes or pygidium, 148 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY there were no material differences noted. It is very probable that the same dimorphic forms exist in Pseudococcus artemisiae. In the Twenty-fifth Report of the State Entomologist of Illinois, Mr. Ste- phen A. Forbes has drawings illustrating a similar case with Pseudococcus trifolii, and it perhaps exists in a great many cases. This is a very interesting fact, and seems to add to the complexity of a very difficult genus. Pseudococcus ryani Coq. This species was obtained from Mr. Edw. Ehrhorn, who collected it from Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) at Berkeley, Cal. In Volume I, Figure 61. Pseudococcus ryani. A, pygidium; B, antenna; C, leg Number 2 of the Journal this form was included with the other California species and I herewith add the drawings showing the chief characteristics. Antennae (Fig. 61 B) 8-articled, the respective lengths beginning with the longest as follows: 8, 3, 2, 1, 7 (5 and 6), 4. Legs (Fig. 61 C) normally long and hairy. ‘Tibia and femur nearly equal. Tibia nearly twice as long as tarsus. Pygidium (Fig. 61 A) spines of the anal lobes as long as the circum-anal spines. Lobes smooth and well rounded. Body, slightly hairy, and covered with small round pores. THYSANOPTERA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. II D. L. CRAWFORD. Euthrips minutus Moulton ‘This species has a wide distribution throughout California and quite natu- rally, therefore, it is by no means constant in certain respects. Since de- scribing the variety setosus of this species in the previous number of Pom. Journ. Ent., I have received author’s specimens of &. minutus from Mr. Moul- ton. After a careful comparison of these with the var. setosus, and, also, with closely related specimens taken at Elsinore, Cal., by C. F. Baker, I have come to the conclusion that neither of these latter are true varieties, but all merely forms of the same variable species. The original description was drawn from one specimen, and that, no doubt, is accountable for the fact that some important details were omitted from the description and accompanying illustra- tions; in the specimens sent me by Mr. Moulton I find the following varia- tions from his figures: on the posterior margin of the prothorax there are three small spines, one larger than the other two between the second and third spines on each side (Contribution to our Knowledge of California Thysanop- tera, Moulton, 1907, p. 56, Fig. 32); also the number of spines on anterior margin of fore-wing and on both veins is not constant, and sometimes not the same even on the two wings of one specimen. A comparison of the figure referred to above with Fig. 47A on p. 106, Pom. Journ. Ent. Vol. I., will show beyond a doubt that the extra prothoracic spine of var. setosus is nothing more than the longer of the three spines, not shown in Moulton’s illustrations, merely more developed and longer, while the two spines beside it have re- mained minute in all specimens. Inasmuch as the species itself is variable in regard to the spines on the forewing, it is simply impossible to found a new variety on that basis. Furthermore, the antennz of the species are sometimes nearly three times as long as head, instead of twice; and the prolongation of the vertex, shown in var. setosus, is present also in the species. One point of variation, how- ever, between the northern and southern forms is in the apparent absence of the orange crescents, bordering the ocelli, in the southern forms. After such a comparison, the only reasonable thing to do is to let &. min- utus setosus m. fall into synonymy as a good variety, and amend the descrip- tion of the species as follows: Anterior margin of head almost straight, with a small notched prolongation between insertion of antennae; ocelli sometimes margined inwardly with large orange crescents; antennae varying in length from two to three times as long as head. Posterior margin of prothorax with four spines on each side, the third Spine relatively shorter in some forms. Wings reaching to tip of abdomen, 150 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY or more; anterior margin of forewing with from twenty-two to thirty-two spines, anterior vein with eighteen to twenty-six spines, and posterior vein with twelve to seventeen. Average length from .83 mm. to 1.26 mm., occasionally more. Food plant: Grass, several Composite, and others mentioned for var. setosus. Locality: Berkeley, Cal., (Moulton), Elsinore, Cal., (C. F. Baker), and Claremont, Cal. (Crawford). Figure 62. Anaphothrips longipennis Anaphothrips longipennis n. sp. Average length about .96 mm.; general color, brownish yellow to yellowish white; all spines very light colored and indistinct. Head (Fig. 62A) somewhat wider than long, subglobose, broadly rounded in front, with two small spines beside the anterior ocellus, and no more; cheeks full; occiput faintly reticulated. Eyes prominent, bulging, somewhat darker than head, lateral facets medium, dorsal facets very small; ocelli ante- rior, rather small, very pale and indistinct. Mouthcone moderately short, CRAWFORD, THYSANOPTERA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 151 reaching about three-fifths the length of prothorax, blunt at tip and distinctly tipped with black; maxillary palpi three-segmented. Antenne (Fig. 62 C) apparently nine-segmented, about twice as long as head, slender, sparsely, briefly and indistinctly spinose ; with a sense cone on segment III, and a bifurcate one on IV; II subglobose, III pedicellate, VI with a very distinct suture apically, which appears to be as true a joint as either of the joints of the style; style rather long and slender ; basal segments very light, apical segments darker. Prothorax (Fig. 62 A) subrectangular, about as long as head and three- fourths as long as broad; with one comparatively long transparent and indis- tinct spine at each posterior angle, several shorter ones on posterior margin, and two very small ones on each anterior angle. Legs medium in length, very sparsely spinose; tarsi unarmed. Wings (Fig. 62 D) long, slender, ex- tending one-fourth the abdomen’s length beyond tip of abdomen, very light brown, almost transparent, with a small clear area near base; veins rather prom- inent, posterior vein appearing close after basal clear spot; anterior vein with twelve spines, three on apical half; posterior vein with nine equidistant spines ; anterior margin with a row of twenty-nine short spines; posterior marginal fringe moderately short, all spines and cilia very inconspicuous. Posterior wings shorter, entirely transparent, with a fringe on both sides. Abdomen usually rather stout, fully half as broad as tong, pointed at tip; occasionally the abdomen is longer and more slender, and only one-third as broad as long, and in such forms the wings only slightly over-reach the abdomen; broadest across segments five and six, tapering uniformly from six to ten; anal segment (Fig. 62 B) rounded at tip; abdominal spines few, and short; anal spines very short and almost transparent. This species apparently is not saltatory. Measurements: Head, length .11 mm., width .13 mm.; prothorax, length 12 mm., width .16 mm.; pterothorax, width across mesocoxae .2! mm.; abdo- men, length .42 mm., occasionally about .66 mm., width .24 mm.; total length about .96 mm. (.84—1.11). Antenne: I, .022 mm.; II, .032 mm.; III, .040 mm.; IV, .041 mm.; V, .038 mm.; V1, .041 — .010 mm.; VII, .011 mm.; VIII, .014 mm; total .25 mm. Described from several females (two of which have the longer abdomen), taken from olive foliage infested with black scale (Saissetia oleae). It has not been determined yet whether or not this species has any definite relation to the scale insect; a few specimens have been found also on the foliage of common pine. Locality: Claremont, Cal. (Crawford). Although the current description of Anaphothrips precludes spines on posterior angles of prothorax, and the genus Scirtothrips Shull was erected for a certain species having such spines, nevertheless, I believe that without a doubt this species belongs in the genus Anaphothrips. The obvious and un- mistakable similarity to A. striatus Osborn places it beyond doubt in the closest generic relationship with that species, at least, but whether a genus charac- terized by the apparent division of the sixth antennal segment should be erected might be a question of fair discussion; be that as it may, it is evident 152 : POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY that the presence or absence of spines on the prothorax is not in this case a true generic character, and if this is true, Scirtothrips becomes a very doubtful genus. Scirtothrips was erected with the following diagnostic characters sepa- rating it*from *Anaphothrips: ‘Head is shorter than broad and shorter than prothorax. One spine of moderate length is borne by each posterior angle of the prothorax. Species of this genus have the power of springing.” If these three characters were constantly associated, a new genus erected on them would be unquestionable; but A. longipennis shows beyond a doubt that these characters are not constant; this species possesses the spines on the posterior angles or prothorax, but is nonsaltatory, while the head is broader than long and somewhat shorter than prothorax ; consequently, the only diagnostic char- acter ‘left to Scirtothrips is the presence of the saltatory habit, and it is always more or less dangerous to erect a new genus on one character, especially a mere habital character. Whether the power of springing, taken alone, can serve as a generic character, or not, we shall not discuss here. Phyllothrips fasciculata Crawford (Pom. Journ. Ent. I, p. 105.) Since the genus Phyllothrips is now in synonymy, this species should be | known as Liothrips fasciculata; although Leptothrips was erected to replace Phyllothrips, still this species undoubtedly should be included in Liothrips. THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH. II D. L. CRAWFORD. In this paper the remaining new species from the South, including Mexico, Central and South America, Cuba, etc., are described and figured; the fact that only one previously described species was found, and that all the rest were new, shows how little is really known of this group in the South. Euthrips cephalicus n. sp. Average length 1.1 mm.; general color, yellow. Head (Fig. 63A) wider than long, rectangular, somewhat concave at insertion of antennz; distinctly retracted into prothorax; cheeks parallel with one pair of large postocular spines and several small ones; anterior portion of head between the eyes and in front of the ocelli abruptly depressed, with the anterior ocellus on the vertical plane, and a pair of very large spines on the margin of the depression. Eyes pale yellow, comparatively large and prominent; ocelli very indistinct, larger than facets of eyes; anterior ocellus directed forward, with a small seta on each side. Mouthcone long and pointed, reaching almost to posterior margin of prothorax; maxillary palpi three-seg- mented. Antenne (Fig. 63B) about two and one-half times as long as head, moderately slender; segments VI - VIII and apical half of LV, light brown, the rest almost white; basal segment short; II, with a large double tubercle on dorsal surface extending beyond insertion of III, and bearing two very stout, black spines ; a bifurcate sensecone on III, and a single one on IV. Prothorax (Fig. 63A) wider-than long, and slightly longer. and wider than head, broadly rounded posteriorly; with two large spines on posterior angles, one equally large on anterior ‘angles, an equal pair on anterior margin, and a smaller pair midway on posterior margin; dorsal surface with numerous small spines. Thorax broadest at mesothorax, with two large spines midway on anterior dorsal margin of mesothorax ; metathorax with sides slightly con- verging. Legs (Fig. 63 E, F, G) of medium size, with numerous incon- spicuous spines; posterior tibize, within, with a row of several stout spines, and two longer ones on apical end; legs concolorous with body throughout. Wings (Fig. 63 H) long and comparatively stout, reaching to eighth abdom- inal segment, uniform light yellow; with two longitudinal veins, the posterior one appearing about one-fourth the wing’s length from the base and disap- pearing before reaching the tip; anterior margin with a row of twenty-three stout spines, anterior vein with twenty-one, and posterior vein with seventeen ; posterior margin with a long double row of cilia. r 154 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Abdomen moderately slender, spines not prominent on basal segments ; ninth segment (Fig. 63 D) with six very long stout spines, and anal segment with four equally long ones ; ovipositgr large and conspicuous. Wek Ne Na Rex eI NC \\\ X \ = \ aS ~ * N Ne =< \ ~ SS = eee = SS St Sy Eo ~N a SEN NE NS FFP TYE, Figure 63. Euthrips cephalicus Measurements: Head, length .10 mm., width .14 mm.; prothorax, length 12 mm., width .18 mm.; mesothorax, width .26 mm.; abdomen, width .28 mm. ; fotal length 1.12 mm. (.98 mm — 1.24 mm.). Antenne: I, .015 mm.; II, .040 mm.; III .054 mm.; IV, .045 mm.; V, .034 mm.; VI, .046 mm.; VII, .008 mm. ; VIII, .006 mm.; fotal length, .25 mm. Color almost uniform yellow. CRAWFORD, THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH 155 Males much smaller than female, average length .74 mm.; with smaller depression in front of eyes; legs smaller and weaker. Abdomen (Fig. 63 C) rounded at tip; with a pair of very long stout spines on ninth segment, set on a distinct tubercle, and a similar pair on anal segment; four small spines at tip of anal segment. Described from numerous females and several males. Food-plants: Several Composite, a small native acacia-like tree, a Solan- wm, and several other plants. Locality: Guadalajara, Mexico (altitude 2000-6000 feet), (Crawford). This species resembles most closely &. tritici Fitch, but in the characters of the head and antenne and several other details it is markedly different. It is a very common species, found on many flowering plants and trees, and, con- sequently the characters are not constant within the species; the double spine- bearing tubercle on the second antennal segment is, in some of the mounted specimens, less pronounced than in the illustration (Fig. 63 B) ; the depression on the vertex and frons is sometimes smaller in extent, but always the anterior ocellus is directed forward, and the large pair of spines is on the margin of the depression. The color and the arrangement of the spines is quite constant ; in some of the mounted specimens there is an abrupt variation in color to dark brown; as there are several distinct minor characters in these brown specimens, they are described below as a variety of the species. Euthrips cephalicus reticulata n. var. General color uniform brown. Average length .97 mm. Entire body surface reticulated deeply ; production of second antennal segment present. but not so marked as in the species; depression of vertex less pronounced, but with anterior ocellus directed forward. Spines arranged as in species; wings light brown; legs concolorous with body except fore tibiz and all tarsi light brown; basal antennal segment and basal two-thirds of II brown; apical third of Il, III, IV, and basal half of V yellow; the rest light brown. Described from two females and three males taken with the species on certain Rosaceae and Labiatae. Locality: Guadalajara, Mexico. (Crawford.) Dictyothrips reticulata n. sp. Length 1.55 mm.; general color light brown; entire body surface, includ- ing legs and basal antennal segments, deeply and finely reticulated. Head (Fig. 64 A) slightly broader than long, converging somewhat posteriorly, and broadly rounded anteriorly; occiput elevated; cheeks finely serrated, full, not spinose; vertex lower than occiput, elevated and produced between eyes and bearing the anterior ocellus at its apex; front broadly bisul- cate, sloping down to insertion of antenne, slightly produced between basal seg- ments; with six short but conspicuous postocular spines, one behind each posterior ocellus, two behind and one outside of anterior ocellus, and two on the ridge between the sulca. Eyes very large, prominent, slightly bulging, very coarsely faceted and very pilose; ocelli very large, prominent, oval, between 156 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY posterior angles of eyes; anterior ocellus on apex of produced vertex and di- rected forward; posterior ocelli slightly more elevated than the eyes. Mouth- cone very small and weak, scarcely reaching one-third the length of prothorax; maxillary palpi long, three-segmented. Antenne (Fig. 64 B) very slender, more than twice as long as head, moderately spinose; segment III pedicelate, with a pseudojoint near base; III, IV and VI elongate, III and IV a symmetrically fusiform; V very small; style short, with several long spines; II] and IV with 7 Vii | Figure 64. Dictyothrips reticulata a bifurcate sense cone, VI with a single one; antennae uniform light brown, except base and tip of III and base of IV white. Prothorax (Fig. 64 A) a little shorter than head, and about seven-tenths as long as broad anteriorly, converging somewhat posteriorly ; anterior margin straight, posterior broadly rounded; with one short spine at each posterior angle, and two pair on posterior margin; anterior angles with two short spines only a trifle longer than the numerous spines on dorsal surface. Ptero- CRAWFORD, THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH 157 thorax large, broadest across mesocoxae, broadly rounded anteriorly, meta- thorax tapering slightly to abdomen. Legs medium, very spinose; forefemora not enlarged; femora concolorous with body; tibize lighter, tarsi yellowish brown. Wings (Fig. 64 D) not very long, reaching about to seventh abdominal segment; basal one-fourth clear, the rest light brown; posterior vein extending from apical margin of clear area to near tip, with twenty spines; anterior vein with twenty-nine spines, anterior margin with thirty-two spines increasing in length toward the tip, and a short fringe of cilia on apical half; posterior margin with a long double fringe of cilia. Posterior wings clear white with a narrow longitudinal median stripe from base to near tip. Abdomen large, moderately broad, broadest across fourth and fifth seg- ments ; with several long spines on each posterior angle and margin; last three segments (Fig. 64 C) abruptly converging to tip; posterior dorsal margin of eighth with a row of long sharp comb-like spines; nine and ten with several very long stout bristles on dorsal surface. Measurements: Head, length .16 mm., width .18 mm.; prothorax, length .145 mm., width anteriorly .205 mm., posteriorly .19 mm.; pterothorax, width .27 mm.; abdomen, width .29 mm.; total length 1.55 mm. Antenne: I, .026 mm. ; II, .040 mm.; III, .087 mm.; IV, .071 mm.; V, .043 mm.; VI, .072 mm.: VII, .009 mm.; VIII, .014 mm.; total .37 mm. Described from one female taken on blossoms of a native Acacia-like tree. Locality: Guadalajara, Mexico. (Crawford.) Thrips abdominalis n. sp. Average length 1.0 mm.; general color light brown; body surface reticu- lated; all spines very inconspicuous. Head (Fig. 65 A) about one and one-half times as broad as long, angular, markedly retractile, reticulated posteriorly; frons vertical; cheeks parallel; with no prominent spines, but several very small and inconspicuous ones near the eyes and ocelli. Eyes large, prominent, bulging, finely faceted, and slightly pilose; anterior ocellus on frons and directed forward; posterior ocelli on the sides of an elevated portion between the eyes and directed outwardly, slightly higher up than the eyes. Mouthcone short and blunt, reaching one-third the length of prothorax; maxillary palpi three-segmented. Antenne (Fig. 65 B) more than twice as long as head, quite stout, with spines short and incon- spicuous ; with a sense cone on segments III and IV, and several small sensory areas on VI; II distinctly stouter than the rest, III pedicellate; V very broad at apical end; VII comparatively long; I, II, IV, VI and VII concolorous with body, III and V somewhat lighter. Prothorax (Fig. 65 A) one and one-half times as long as head, and one and one-fourth times as long as broad, posteriorly; sides strongly divergent, with angles rounded; with no prominent spines, but a row of ten very small spines on anterior dorsal margin, and eighteen on posterior margin, two on each posterior angle larger than the rest ; with a distinct dark emargination and chitinous thickening on each side above the fore-coxae. Legs small, short, with no conspicuous spines, except two at tip of posterior tibiae; fore-femora 158 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY (Fig. 65 C) somewhat enlarged. Wings (Fig. 65 E) narrow, moderately long, reaching to seventh abdominal segment, somewhat broadened at base; posterior longitudinal vein extending from near base to near tip, with seven short spines, the first one about opposite the sixth spine on anterior vein; anterior vein with either eight or nine short spines, six on basal half and either two or three on distal half, the number varying on the same insect some- times; when there are three the first one occurs near the center of the vein, the third one near the tip, and the second about midway between; when only two are present the one near the center is wanting, and the two are arranged WwW OG et Oana Figure 65. Thrips abdominalis as the distal two when three are present; anterior margin with a row of twenty short spines, and a row of short cilia, on distal three-fifths of margin; posterior margin with a row of long cilia; color of fore-wings light brown, with a small more or less clear area near base between third and fourth spines on anterior vein; posterior wings almost clear, with a light brown stripe in center, extending through basal half of wing. Abdomen usually slender, sometimes comparatively stout; with a row of distinct sharp serrations on posterior margin of segments one to seven in- clusive; eighth with longer and sharper teeth; almost no spines on abdomen CRAWFORD, THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH 159 except on two anal segments; four comparatively stout spines on ninth (Fig. 65 D), and four on anal segment near tip; ovipositor weak and inconspicuous. Measurements: Head, length .064 mm.; width .11 mm.; prothorax, length .12 mm., width anteriorly .10 mm., posteriorly .15 mm.; mesothorax, width .22 mm.; abdomen, width (average) .24 mm.; total length 1.02 mm. (.84 — 1.20 mm.) Antenne: I, .019 mm.; II, .024 mm.; III, .026 mm.; IV, 027 mm.; V, .020 mm.; VI, .037 mm.; VII, .018 mm.; total .17 mm. Described from numerous females. Food-plants: Various Composite, Solanum, Daucus sp. (?), and others. Locality: Guadalajara, Mexico. (Crawford.) This species resembles somewhat Thrips albopilosa Uzel, (1) in having very inconspicuous spines, though they are not white as in that species; (2) in the general arrangement of spines on the fore-wing; (3) in the shape of the fifth antennal segment. Although these resemblances are unmistakable, still this can not be the same species by any means. Phloeothrips raptor n. sp. Average length about 2 mm.; general color brown. Head (Fig. 66 A) rather large, about one and one-half times as long as broad, distinctly narrowed both posteriorly and postocularly ; broadly rounded in front; cheeks arched, with several conspicuous setigerous tubercles; vertex elevated and produced, but not attaining the insertion of the antennz; with one pair of long’ knobbed postocular spines, basal half of spine dark, distal half almost transparent; all other cephalic spines small. Eyes large, prominent, slightly bulging, finely and closely faceted, pigment transparent white; ocelli rather large, but indistinct; anterior ocellus directed forward on apex of pro- duced vertex ; posterior ocelli not contiguous with inner margin of eyes. Mouth- cone short, reaching about three-fourths the length of prothorax ; labrum pro- duced, very pointed at tip. Antenne (Fig. 66 C) about one and one-half times as long as head, and slightly more than twice the width of head, rather stout and very spinose, but the spines not conspicuous ; several long thick sense cones on segments III-IV; III-VII pedicellate, II] and 1V pyriform, V and VI fusi- form, VII and VIII connate; I and basal half of II concolorous with body, the rest uniform light brown, III and IV transparent at extreme base. Prothorax (Fig. 66 A) slightly more than twice as wide (including coxae) as long, and a little over half as long as head; with long light colored, knobbed spines on posterior and anterior angles and one pair midlaterally; a smaller blunt pair on both anterior and posterior margins.Mesothorax a little wider than prothorax, widest across mesocoxae; pterothorax reticulated. Wings of medium length, slender, transparent; with three long spines on basal posterior margin ; posterior wings with a brown stripe in the center, extending from base to near tip. Legs rather long and stout, sparsely spinose; forelegs (Fig. 66 E) apparently rapatorial; forefemora enlarged, with a conspicuous depression on inner side extending from base to tip (evidently a sheath for the tibiz), with the margins of the depression finely toothed ; foretarsi with a large sharp tooth, 160 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMNLOGY within, much smaller, however, than in the male; no conspicuous spines on fore- legs; femora, meso- and posterior tibize concolorous with body, foretibize and all tarsi light brown. Abdomen long and slender, equally broad from base to fifth segment, and from there tapering evenly to ninth, which is broadly rounded at the tip; abdominal spines on segments one to seven knobbed; tube slightly more than half as long as head, with several small spines on dorsal surface; four long spines on posterior dorsal margin of ninth segment, and four extremely long spines at tip of tube, and several shorter ones. Figure 66. Phloeothrips raptor Measurements: Head, length .27 mm., width .18 mm.; prothorax, length .16 mm., width .35 mm.; pterothorax, width .36 mm. ; abdomen, width .32 mm. ; tube, length .15 mm., width, at base .06 mm., at tip .04 mm.; total length 2.09 mm. Antenne: I, .030 mm.; II, .044 mm.; III, .065 mm.; IV, .081 mm.; V, .069 mm.; VI, .052 mm.; VII, .049 mm.; VIII, .026 mm.; total length .41 mm. Males fully as large as female, and more powerful; similar in every. re- CRAWFORD, THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH 161 spect except the following: Spines on cheek much larger and more numerous ; forelegs (Fig. 66 D) immense in proportion to female; forefemora with two sharp tooth-like projections at the tip, within, and a depression between them ; foretibiz with a prominent anteriorly directed tooth near the base, within; foretarsi with an immense sharp tooth on inner side; forefemora and foretibize each with one long spine, all other spines very small. Abdomen about as broad as in female, but tapering more from seventh segment to tube; tube (Fig. 66 B) with a distinct and large scale at base, bearing two large spines at each upper margin. Measurements about the same as in female. Described from one female and one male, taken in sweeping shrubbery. Locality: Guadalajara, Mexico. (Crawford.) This species is very close to Ph. uwzeli Hinds, especially in respect to the forelegs of the male; but the two species differ sharply in the form of the head, in the shape and form of the antennz, in the distinct depression in the fore- femora of the female, and in having a scale at the base of the tube in the male. But Ph. raptor is congeneric with Ph. wzeli Hinds, although differing so sharply from it, and the generic description should be altered accordingly. Liothrips umbripennis mexicana n. var. This variety is very similar to the species in many respects; only the diag- nostic characters are given here. Anterior ocellus with a small spine on each side. Antenne about one and three-fourths times as long as head; only segment III and basal half of 1V yellow, the rest dark brown to black. Facets of eyes moderately large. Pro- thorax (including coxae) about twice as wide as long. Forewings clouded very light brown instead of black, with a conspicuous vein at base bearing three long spines, and extending about one-fourth the wings’ length. Forefemora distinctly enlarged; meso- and posterior tibiz with a very long, stout, blunt spine near tip; all tarsi with a conspicuous fringe of spines on apical margin of both segments ; males with a stout terminal hook; female tarsi unarmed. Measurements: Head, length .26 mm., width .19 mm.; prothorax, length 14 mm., width .30 mm.; pterothorax, width .38 mm.; abdomen, width .42 mm. ; total length 1.8 mm. Antenne: I, .027 mm.; II, .052 mm.; III, .082 mm.; IV, .077 mm.; V, 075 mm.; VI, 067 mm.- VII, .059' mm.- VIII, 028 mm.; total .46 mm. Described from five females and four males, taken on galls of oak, eleva- tion 10,000 feet; it is not at all certain that this species has anything to do with the formation of the galls. Locality: San Pedro Mountains, near Guadalajara, Mexico. (Crawford.) Liothrips bakeri n. sp. Average length 2.7 mm. ; general color dark brown to black, thorax lighter ; entire body surface, including femora and tibize, conspicuously reticulated. Head (Fig. 67 A) fully one and one-half times as long as broad, sub- rectangular, finely reticulated, sparsely spinose; vertex elevated and produced beyond insertion of antenne, and bearing the anterior ocellus at its apex; 162 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY cheeks usually parallel, sometimes converging slightly posteriorly, serrated, and somewhat spinose; postocular spines long, broadened and flattened at tip. Eyes large, prominent, bulging, coarsely and closely faceted, pigment whitish ; ocelli large, distinct, oval, placed well forward; anterior ocellus at apex of pro- duced vertex and directed forward; posterior ocelli not contiguous with inner margin of eyes. Mouthcone very large and powerful, almost rectangular. square at tip, and reaching almost to posterior margin of prothorax ; maxillary palpi extremely short. Antenne (Fig. 67 B) less than twice as long as head (about one and two-thirds), moderately slender and scarcely visibly spinose ; Figure 67. Liothrips baKeri segments I and II concolorous with body, the rest lemon yellow, VII and VII1 usually slightly darker; I1I-V almost transparent at base; antennal spines yel- low and very inconspicuous; III-VII with transparent sense cones, I and II subrectangular, III-V clavate, VI and VII fusiform, VIII depressed, broad at base and pointed at tip. Prothorax (Fig. 67 A) slightly more than half as long as head, and (including coxae) about twice as wide as long, (excluding coxae) not very much broader than head; with one pair of long spines at posterior angles and no others; dorsal surface with several short spines. Mesothorax very CRAWFORD, THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH 163 broad, sides parallel; metathorax converging to abdomen; thorax, espe- cially laterally, deeply reticulated. Legs moderately long and slender, sparsely spinose; all tibize scarcely spinose; foretarsi (Fig. 67 D) with a large setigerous tooth; foretibiz and all tarsi light yellow, the rest con- colorous with body. Wings large, heavy, powerful, uniformly broad throughout, extending to posterior margin of seventh abdominal segment ; clear white, except, occasionally, a light brown stripe through center of wing in basal half; fringe long; posterior fringe of forewing, subapically, double for about twenty-one cilia. Abdomen long, slender, broadest at base and converging uniformly to tube (often parallel from base to segment six, then converging to tube) ; with two spines at each posterior angle of segments one to eight, and two very long ones on nine; tube (Fig. 67 C) longer than head, very slender and almost parallel except at tip; with four spines at tip almost as long as tube. Measurements: Head, length .31 mm., width .205 mm.; prothorax, length 17 mm., width (including coxae) .37 mm.; mesothorax, width .48 mm.; abdomen, width .36 mm.; tube, length .37 mm., width at base .08 mm., at tip .06 mm.; total length 2.73 mm. (2.64 — 2.82). Antenne: I, .029 mm.; II, .051 mm.; III, .080 mm.; IV, .082 mm.; V, .078 mm.; VI, .086 mm.; VII, .060 mm.; VIII, .041 mm.; total .52 mm. Males smaller and more slender than females; tarsal tooth only a little larger than that of female; abdomen exceedingly slender; tube shorter than that of female; with a scale at base of tube. Described from numerous females and males. Food plant: galls on leaves of Ficus nitida and flowers of Ficus re- ligtosa. Localities: Pinar del Rio, Cuba (C. F. Baker), and Havana, Cuba (Dr. Santos Fernandez). I name this species for Prof. C. F. Baker, who has contributed many specimens for this study, and in many ways has given me much assistance. Liothrips mcconnelli n. sp. Average length 2.28 mm.; general color dark brown to light brown. Head (Fig. 68 B) about one and seven-tenths times as long as broad, sparsely and inconspicuously spinose; with a pair of rather short postocular spines ; cheeks subparallel, converging slightly posteriorly ; vertex produced over insertion of antenne, with the anterior ocellus at the apex, overhanging. Eyes moderately large, finely and closely faceted, prominent, but not bulging; ocelli large, round, pale white, situated well forward; anterior ocellus directed for- ward; posterior ocelli at the base of the produced vertex and nearly contiguous with inner anterior margin of eyes. Mouthcone rather short, reaching three- fourths the length of prothorax, midway between forecoxae; labrum sharp. Antenne (Fig. 68 C) about one and one-fourth times as long as head, slender, moderately spinose; segments III and VI with one sense cone and IV and V with two; VII and VIII connate; I and base of II concolorous with body, apical 164 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY half of II and of V, and VI-VIII light brown; III, IV and basal half of V yellow, IV clouded at tip. In one specimen used in this study, the left antenna is six-segmented, while the other is normally eight-segmented (Fig. 68 D) ; this is apparently caused by the union of segments [V-VI to form one long irregular segment. Figure 68. Liothrips mcconnelli Prothorax (Fig. 68 B) about twice as wide as long, and two-fifths as long as head; with one pair of long blunt spines on posterior angles, one pair on posterior margin, and two pairs, one very small, on anterior margin; mid- laterals wanting. Pterothorax large, broadest across mesocoxae, converging posteriorly and anteriorly ; thorax somewhat reticulated. Legs long and slen- der, concolorous with body throughout ; forefemora (Fig. 68 E) only slightly CRAWFORD, THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH 165 enlarged, briefly spinose; with a terminal tarsal hook in both sexes; middle and posterior tarsi with a fringe of spines on apical margin of both segments. Wings medium, reaching to seventh abdominal segment, clear from base to tip, very slightly narrowed at the middle; posterior fringe, subapically, double for about seven cilia. Abdomen long and slender, tapering evenly from base to tip; spines not conspicuous ; tube short, less than half as long as head, converging toward tip; with a few comparatively short spines at tip of ninth segment, and six short stout spines at tip of tube, and a few shorter and more slender ones also. Measurements: Head, length .31 mm., width .18 mm.; prothorax, length 12 mm., width (including coxae) .23 mm.; pterothorax, width .32 mm. ; abdo- men, width .36 mm.; tube, length .13 mm., width, at base, .065 mm., at tip .035 mm.; total length 2.28 mm. Antennz: I, .030 mm.; II, .055 mm.; III, .071 mm.; IV, .077 mm.; V, .061 mm.; VI, .050 mm.; VII, .041 mm.: VIII, .028 mim. ; total .39 mm. Males smaller, but relatively stouter than female; head (Fig. 68 A) dis- tinctly shorter, about one and four-tenths times as long as broad; terminal tarsal hook larger in male; prothorax relatively broader, abdomen more slen- der; tube almost alike in both sexes; with a closely lying scale at base of tube. Measurements: Head, length .24 mm., width .17 mm.; prothorax, length 12 mm., width .26 mm.; pterothorax, width .32 mm.; abdomen, width .34 mm. ; total length 2.11 mm. Described from four females and four males, taken from galls (Fig. 68 F, G) on the stems and leaves of a certain bignoniaceous shrub, and also from sweepings on other shrubs. Locality: Guadalajara, Mex. (Crawford). I name this species for Mr. R. A. McConnell, who accompanied me on an expedition to Mexico in July-September, 1909. This species could have been included in Leptothrips Hood about as truly as in Liothrips, which shows how much of a line of true demarcation there is between these two genera. The diagnostic. characters of Leptothrips, distin- guishing it from Liothrips, are given by Hood as being “the much slenderer form, the longer head, the more bulging eyes, the shorter mouthcone, the weaker, slenderer wings which are distinctly narrowed at the middle.” This group of characters, taken together, might be enough to erect a new genus on, but one can see at a glance that such characters could hardly be*constantly asso- ciated. In Liothrips mcconnelli there are the combined characters of both gen- era: of Leptothrips—the slender form and relatively long head of the females, and a short mouthcone; of Liothrips—the relatively stouter form and shorter head of the males, eyes not at all bulging, while the wings are only slightly constricted at the middle. Again, in Liothrips bakeri there are still further complications ; this species has the slender form, rather long head, and bulging eyes characteristic of Leptothrips, and broad wings not constricted, and the large mouthcone characteristic of Liothrips. The constriction of the wings, therefore, is the only character presented, which is of generic value, and this 166 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY is very apt to be a poor one, for the simple reason that it is often obscured by the doubling or folding of the wings, and in case there were but a few speci- mens available, one would be at a loss where to place the new species. All the other characters presented are purely relative, and until diagnostic generic characters can be found which are not mere relative proportions, the mean average of which may easily be possessed by a species, no group of species ought to be separated as a genus. If they are separated by such characters, the inevitable result is confusion; it is scarcely scientific to have to “toss up” to determine in which of two genera a certain species belongs. As an illus- tration of such confusion, Leptothrips aspersus has been placed in three differ- ent genera, and may yet end up in Liothrips where it rightfully belongs. Figure 69. Anthothrips variabilis Anthothrips variabilis n. sp. Average length 1.6 mm.; general color light brown to dark brown, occa- sionally black. Head variable in form; usually very slightly longer than broad (Fig. 69 D), subrectangular, rounded somewhat anteriorly; occasionally the head is CRAWFORD, THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH 167 slightly broader than long, and more rectangular, and sometimes it is distinctly longer than broad; very seldom the head is more or less narrowed anteriorly (Fig. 69 A)—partially caused by the collapsing of the eyes; cheeks full, sparsely spinose; vertex slightly elevated, and distinctly produced, but not attaining the insertion of the antennz; postocular spines moderately long, and blunt at the tip. Eyes medium, finely faceted and slightly pilose, pigment almost white; ocelli large and distinct; anterior ocellus on apex of produced vertex and directed forward; posterior ocelli not quite contiguous with inner anterior margin of eyes. Mouthcone short and blunt, scarcely reaching half the length of prothorax. Antenne (Fig. 69 C) about twice as long as head, very stout and thickly, but briefly, spinose; segments II-VII distinctly pedicel- late and subglobose; II-V with spotted sense cones, or sometimes transparent ; I, base of Il, and VII and VIII concolorous with body, intermediate segments yellowish brown or lemon yellow. Prothorax (Fig. 69 A) including coxae, twice as wide as long, and about seven-ninths as long as head; with all the usual prothoracic spines present, long and blunt at tip; dorsal surface slightly spinose. Pterothorax widest across mesocoxae, converging both anteriorly and posteriorly, partially reticu- lated. Wings moderately long, broadest at base, and distinctly narrowed be- yond the middle like a drawn-out shoesole; scale and extreme base light brown; with a short median vein at base, bearing three long spines and one short one; posterior fringe double subapically for eight cilia. Legs medium, moderately stout, sparsely spinose; foretarsi (Fig. 69 E)) with a small tooth near the middle, within, and a terminal tarsal hook; foretibize and foretarsi light yellow, the rest concolorous with body. Abdomen long, slender, very weak, tapering evenly from base to tip; with two prominent spines on each posterior dorsal angle; tube (Fig. 69 B) about as long as prothorax, seven-ninths as long as head, converging toward tip; with six long spines at tip, and several shorter ones. Measurements: Head, length .17 mm., width .165 mm.; prothorax, length 13 mm., width .26 mm.; pterothorax, width .31 mm.; abdomen, width at base .32 mm.; tube, length .13 mm, width at base .05 mm., at tip .03 mm.; total length 1.64 mm. Antenne: I, .024 mm.; II, .047 mm.; III, .038 mm.; IV, .050 mm.; width .031 mm.; V, .049 mm.; VI, .040 mm.; VII, .042 mm.; VIII, .024 mm.; total .33 mm. Males smaller than females, but similar in nearly all respects; abdomen more slender, tube shorter; average length of male 1.46 mm. Described from numerous females and several males. Food plants: Celosia, Dodder, and a native tropical creeping vine. Localities: Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba (C. F. Baker) ; Managua, Nica- ragua (C. F. Baker), and Guadalajara, Mexico (Crawford). The abdomen was described as being weak, because of the fact that in many, perhaps the majority, of the specimens used in this study the abdomen is constricted in several of its basal segments, probably by the action of the reagents used in the preparation of the mounts. 168 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Idolothrips angusticeps n. sp. Average length 5.28 mm.; general color deep black; entire body surface, including femora and tibiz, finely reticulated. Head (Fig. 70 A) more than two and one-half times the width across eyes; with numerous tuberculous serrations on dorsal and lateral surfaces; with numerous short, stout spines, and two pairs of very long ones, one pair in front of the posterior ocelli, and the other postocular, smaller; head about as wide posteriorly as across eyes, constricted somewhat behind the eyes; vertex produced triangularly over insertion of antennz, with the anterior ocellus on the apex. Eyes moderately large, bulging, finely faceted and not pilose, pig- ment yellow ; ocelli small, indistinct ; posterior ocelli not contiguous with inner margin of eyes; anterior ocellus directed forward, beyond insertion of antenne. Mouthcone short, broadly rounded at tip, scarcely reaching to posterior margin of prosternum; maxillary palpi two-segmented, the basal joint very short. Antenne (Fig. 70 F) almost one and one-third times as long as head, very slender; two basal segments comparatively short and thick, I] with a sense area near tip; III-V elongate, clavate, III longest, with several long spines on apical half and one long sense cone near tip; 1V and V with several long spines and several transparent, but prominent, sense cones near tip; VI-VIII fusiform; VI and VII with several long spines and one sense cone on each; VIII with a longitudinal row of six spines, and one long spine at tip; I and basal half of II concolorous with body; apical half of II and all but the tip of III, basal three-fourths of IV and basal half of V yellow; tip of III and IV light brown, apical half of V and VI-VIII dark brown. Prothorax (Fig. 70 A) about half as long as wide, including coxae, and two-fifths as long as head; coxae conspicuously protruding, with one stout, black spine on each coxa, without, and one on posterior angles of prothorax; a few small spines on dorsal surface, and three small ones in front of the coxae; membraneous portions of prothorax conspicuous. Mesothorax dis- tinctly wider than prothorax, with a few conspicuous spines; with a faceted spiracular (?) plate on each anterior angle. Legs long and very spiny; fore- femora (Fig. 70 G, male) enlarged, prolonged posteriorly over trochanter ; foretibize with numerous conspicuous spines, and one extremely long one near base; foretarsi (Fig. 70 D) within, with a sharp tooth, bearing two spines; middle and hind legs very slender, long and spinose; posterior tibie (Fig. 70 FE) in both sexes with a long and exceptionally stout, black spine near tip; meso- and posterior tarsi (Fig. 70 E) with a fringe of cilia-like spines on the entire distal margin of both segments; all bladder-like appendages easily re- tractile; femora black, tibiz brown, yellow at tip, tarsi yellow. Wings clear white, comparatively short, with a long fringe on both margins ; forewings with a brown longitudinal stripe in the center extending from base to middle of wing, and a few spines at base of wing. Abdomen long and slender, widest at segments two to four; with two long spines at each posterior angle, and a few small ones on dorsal surface; ninth segment (Fig. 70 B) with several long, slender spines on posterior margin; CRAWFORD, THYSANOPTERA OF MEXICO AND THE SOUTH 169 Figure 70. Idolothrips angusticeps 170 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY tube fully three-fourths as long as head, slender, slightly converging toward tip; with several long, stout bristles at tip. Measurements: Head, length .68 mm., width .26 mm.; prothorax, length .29 mm., width, including coxae, .56 mm.; mesothorax, width .67 mm.; abdo- men, width .82 mm.; tube, length .53 mm., width at base .11 mm.; total length 5.28 mm. (4.32 — 6.24 mm.) Antenne: I, .074 mm.; II, .072 mm.; III, .22 mm. DV, 7mm: Vj V5 mim: 5 Vial, 2mm. Vil 07Semms) Vili OGa amma: total .94 mm. Males fully as large as females, sometimes larger; antennz somewhat longer; forefemora (Fig. 70 G) with a long curved, prehensile spine at tip, within ; foretarsi (Fig. 70 C) with an exceptionally long, stout tooth near base, within, and another smaller, curved one at tip; with a partial fringe of spines at tip of second tarsal segment; bladder of foreleg easily retractile, probably to facilitate the use of apical tooth. Abdomen very slender, much more so than in female; tube and anal spines distinctly shorter than in female. Described from fifteen females and seventeen males, taken, mostly, in sweepings of various tropical shrubbery; some were found by the writer on the under surface of leaves of a common tropical vine. Localities: Belize (James D. Johnson); Havana, Cuba (C. F. Baker) ; San Marcos and Chinandega, Nicaragua (C. F. Baker), and Guadalajara, Mex. (Crawford). ' This giant species is well distributed throughout the American tropics; the specimens in the writer’s collection, from these various localities, are al- most identical in every respect. There are minor variations, however, such as a difference in the relative length of the third antennal segment; the illus- tration (Fig. 70 C) represents the average. The spines on the legs and abdo- men, also show a variation in length and color, some being black, others light, and still others of intermediate shades. This species resembies Megalothrips (7?) spinosus Hood (really an /dolo- thrips), but differs in the arrangement of the cephalic and prothoracic spines, the shape of the head anteriorly, and, in general, in the relative proportions ; because of this resemblance and its resemblance to still other members of the genus Jdolothrips, it would seem reasonable to refer this to J/dolothrips spinosus. In all probability, the males of 7. spimosus will be found to have a large tarsal tooth, just as the males of J. angusticeps have a larger tooth than the female. WEST COAST NEWS NOTES [In this department we hope to give in most numbers of the Journal, some idea of the doings and movements of western entomologists, notices of publi- cations of interest to western students, notices of entomological meetings, ete. To this end, we hope that students or collectors will send in all items of ento- mological interest about themselves or others. Address, Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., 572 N. Marengo Ave., Pasadena, Cal. ] Mr. Victor L. Clémence and Mr. Karl R. Coolidge are planning to leave in April for a three months’ entomological trip to Cordoba, Mexico. ‘This re- gion is the richest in Mexico or Central America, according to the Biologia. Lord Walsingham’s collection of Micro-Lepidoptera, about to be trans- ferred to the British Museum, consists of 260,000 specimens, adding about 45,000 species to the collection. The Lepidopterological Library of the late Dr. Staudinger has been bought by the firm of R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, and a catalogue is being pre- pared. ‘This is one of the richest collections in the world. Max Weg, Buchhandlung und Antiquariat, Leipzig, Germany, has just issued a very interesting and valuable catalogue of books, ‘“Zoogeographie,” it has 3006 titles listed, arranged under XII divisions, including the zoogeo- graphical regions of the world. It contains 94 pages, and on the cover a photo- graph of Dr. R. Bergh, student of the Opisthobranch Mollusks. Prof. J. D. Tinsley, formerly of Las Cruces, N. M., and a student of the Coccidze, has been appointed soil specialist for the Santa Fé railway system. “His duties will be to instruct the farmers along the railway what crops can give the best yield,” thus increasing the crop out-put. A new departure for the railroad interests. The new edition of Ridgway’s Nomenclature of Colors, will appear this spring ; it will be much better than the former edition and will be indispensable to systematic naturalists everywhere. It will contain about 1350 colors, named and numbered. The price will be very moderate, about $5.00 In the California Fruit Grower, for January 8, 1910, p» 4-5, 8 columns, is an article by W. H. Volck, on Insect Pests and Diseases of the Apple, deliv- ered at the California State Fruit Growers’ Convention, at Watsonville in December. The last meeting of the Entomological Club was held at the residence of Mr. V. L. Clémence, Pasadena, on January 13, Thursday evening. The fol- lowing persons were present: Messrs. Fall, Fenyes, Bollerman, Schrader, Haskins, Coolidge, Ross, Smith, Clémence, and Grinnell. Mr. K. R. Coolidge was elected secretary. A very enthusiastic discussion was indulged in till atten ll IPs Mi 172 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY The annual meeting of the San Diego Society of Natural History was held at the local office of the Weather Bureau on January 13, at 4 P. M. Frank Stephens is the secretary. The Southern California Academy of Sciences held its regular monthly meeting on the evening of January 3, in Symphony Hall, Los Angeles. Prof. W. L. Watts gave an Outline of the Geological History of California, and Prof. J. Z. Gilbert spoke on Quaternary Life in California. Both talks being of interest to the biologist. At the biological section of the Academy of Sciences, held on January 10, in Los Angeles, Prof. L. H. Miller spoke on Variation in Plants and Animals. It was a very suggestive talk to the biologist, as many of the unsolved prob- lems of organic evolution, will probably be opened up in the study of variation. According to a newspaper report, Dr. Alexander Petrunkevitch of the American Museum of Natural History, on his recent return from Mexico, “brought back 2000 spiders, 500 bottles of insects, and numerous assortments of scorpions, snakes and amphibians.” It also states that he found a “‘very rare trap-door spider” in the State of Tabasco. The Sleeping Sickness. By Louis L. Seaman. The Outlook, January 15, 1910, p. 119-124. An interesting account of the Tsetse-flies, Glossina Spp. and Trypanosoma gambiense. Trypanosomiasis or Sleeping-sickness is said also to occur in South America, where Glossina is not found, but the disease is transmitted by a bug—‘‘the conorrhinus”; a small monkey is supposed to be the permanent host of the parasite. From the California State Journal of Medicine, December, 1909, the fol- lowing is extracted from the editorials as being of considerable interest: Dr. Creighton Wellman is to have charge of a department of Tropical Medicine in the State Journal in which he is “to prepare from time to time a critical sum- mary of advances in knowledge in this direction as well as other matter re- lating to the incidence, etc., of tropical disease in this part of the country.” A further editorial in the State Journal is as follows: “With the object of gain- ing an idea of the amount of tropical disease in the city of Oakland, the writer has examined a number of patients in its hospitals, clinics and dispensaries, with the result that tertian, quartan and aestivo-autumnal malaria, leprosy, amoebic dysentery and liver abscess, bubonic plague, filariasis, flagellate diarrhcea and various intestinal parasites—including flukes (Opisthorchis), tapeworms (D1- bothriocephalus), (Taenia), (Hymenolepis) and round worms, (Ascaris, Oxyuris, Necator, Trichocephalus Strongyloides)—have all been seen. It is proposed to publish a fuller communication on this subject when the list is complete, but the existence of these and probably other tropical diseases is here recorded as being of interest and illustrative of the dangers of infection to which the inhabitants of the bay cities are constantly exposed.” The State Journal thus becomes of immense interest to all those interested in the study of tropical disease in which the Arthropods and Protozoans play such an impor- tant part. In the January number of the State Journal is an interesting and WEST COAST NEWS NOTES 173 suggestive article by Dr. Creighton Wellman, of Oakland, on “Comments on Tropical Medicine.” And among the book reviews in the same number are notices of Nuttall and Warburton’s “Ticks: A Monograph of the Ixodoidea,” and Calkins’ Textbook of Protozoology. And a notice that the New York Post-Graduate Medical School “has established a regular and completely equipped department of Tropical Medicine.” The Trees of California. By Willis Linn Jepson, Ph. D., Assistant Pro- fessor of Dendrology in the University of California, etc. Illustrated with one hundred and twenty-five original figures. Issued December 16, 1909, Cunning- ham, Curtis & Welch, San Francisco and Los Angeles. $2.50 net. This book is absolutely indispensable to the entomologist who is also a naturalist (sens. st.) who is interested in the relations of living things (Biota). We will never comprehend the “unknown factors” of evolution, till we study and understand the relations and interrelations of all the participants. The spirit in which the book was written is to be highly commended, as shown in the dedication, quotations, preface and the body of the book. It is the spirit of the naturalist (including in the term, the systematic student). “The author, therefore cherishes the hope that these pages may be an inspira- tion to some who have opportunity to take up special studies of our trees for the sake of the intellectual pleasure and cultivation to be derived from such an avocation.” If the person who should read this book thoughtfully and “is not stirred by the lure of the unknown,” he is not “really and truly alive.” On pages 13-49 are taken up twenty-four subjects connected with the study of trees, which are very suggestive and stimulating. The Forest Provinces, each treated very fully, should be studied by students of zoogeography, and those preparing lists of species found in certain regions. Other suggestive and inter- esting sections are: Arboreal Islands, The “Klamath Mountains,’ A Histor- ical Sketch of Sequoia, Local Tree Distribution and the Indian Tribes, and Exploration; Far Afield and Locally. From page 50, with a key to the fami- lies, the various trees are described, with full distribution and bionomic notes on each. It is a book which the naturalist should study in the laboratory and take with him on his field excursions. Fees bert nen fee ved: TAY a | WA Vol. Vol. = Vol. hee Vol. = Vol. — Vol. — Vol. = Vol. = Vol. (eS Vol. Vol. Vol. not PARTS OF THE INVERTEBRATA PACIFICA For Sale and Exchange 1, pp. 1-12, HOMOPTERA (On the Gnathodus species of the Abdominalis group, C, F, Baker; A New Genus of the Typhlocybini, C. F. Baker; The genus Erythria in America, C, F, Baker; New Typhlocybini, C, F. Baker; Notes on Macropsis, C. F. Baker). Price 30 cents. I, pp. 13-16, ORTHOPTERA (First Decade of Orthoptera issued in the Invertebrata Pacifica series, C. F. Baker; Additional Notes on Pacifie Coast Orthoptera, C, F. Baker; New Orthoptera from Nevada, A. P. Morse). Price 10 cents. I, pp. 17-40, DIPTERA (Reports on Californian and Nevadan Diptera, I, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species and genera by D. W. Coquillet; Two New Siphonaptera, C, F, Baker). Price 60 cents. I, pp. 47-70, HYMENOPTERA (Descriptions of some new Hymenoptera from California and Nevada, J. J. Kieffer; New Hymenoptera mostly from Nicaragua, P. Cameron). Price 75 cents. I, pp. 71-84, ORTHOPTERA (Second Report on Pacific Slope Orthoptera, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species by J. A. G. Rehn and C. F. Baker). Price 35 cents. 1, pp. 85-92, NEUROPTEROID INSECTS (Notes on Neuroptersid Insects of the Pacific Coast of North America, C. F. Baker, with descriptions of new species by Nathan Banks). Price 20 cents. J, pp. 98-110, HYMENOPTERA (New western Mutillidae, I, C. F. Baker; On Some Hymenoptera collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Nicaragua, P. Cameron; Descriptions of new species of Tiphiidae from Nevada and Southern California collected by Prof. C. F, Baker, P. Cameron), Price 45 cents. I, pp. 111-132, HYMENOPTERA (New Western Mutillidae, II, C. F. Baker; On some Hymenoptera, chiefly undescribed, collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Nevada and Southern California, P. Cameron). Price 55 cents. I, pp. 1383-140, HETEROPTERA (Notes on the Nysius and Ortholomus of America, C. F. Baker). Price 20 cents. I, pp. 141-159, HYMENOPTERA (The Bee Genus Pasiphae in North America, C. F. Baker; American Bees related to Melecta, C. F. Baker; On New Vespidae collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Western, North and Central America, P. Cameron; On Some Vespinae from Belize, P. Cameron; Descriptions of Three Species of S~cial Vespidae with Note on Polybia albopicta Sm., P. Cameron; New Species of Tiphia collected by Prot. C. F. Baker in Nevada and Nicaragua, P, Cameron). Price 45 cents. 1, pp. 160-178, HYMENOPTERA (Some New Gorytes—like Wasps, C. F. Baker; Descriptions of New American 'Tiphiidae, P. Cameron; A New Mutillid near Brachy- eistis, from California, C, F. Baker), Price 45 cents. I, pp. 179-198, HYMENOPTERA (Two New Bees of the Genus Ceratina, C. F. Baker; On Some North American Species of Chartergus, P. Cameron; On Some Diploteryga of Belize and Nicaragua, P. Cameron; New Halictinae from the Western United States, J. C. Crawford). Price 50 cents. Any of these papers will be exchanged for any papers on Hemiptera or Hymenoptera in our library. Send lists of duplicates and desiderata to C. F. BAKER, Pomona College, Claremont, Cal. POMONA COLLEGE “Our Tribute to Christian Civilization” One of the best located, and best housed and outfitted Colleges on the West Coast, with a very full corps of unusually enthusiastic and energetic professors, and a large and very vigorous student body. The laboratories in Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy are splendidly equipped, and such as any college might be thoroughly proud of. Offers full Literary, Classical, and Scientific courses. Possesses well-manned schools of Music and Art, and offers exceptional facilities in Library and Athletics. The College should be judged by its output—Pomona has been very proud of hers. Claremont is admittedly at the center of one of the most salubrious, beauti- fully located and desirable residence districts in California. For further information, address POMONA COLLEGE, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA. VOLUME TWO NUMBER TWO 58 VONDURGNT < < fommoua Cullege Journal of Lntomalogy MAY 1910 Contents PIERCE, WRIGHT M. - - - - - Fumigation Studies HW SMITH, JOHN B. = = - = - - The Noctuidae of Californfa h) METZ, CHAS. W. - - - - - Bees of the Genus Colletes from México. BANKS, NATHAN = = - = = = The Scorpions of California, ; ESSIG. E. ©: - = = = - - - Notes on Coccidae V.™ ESSIG, E. O. - - - - - Aphididae of Southern California 1Vy, BAKER, C.F. - - - - = - - = Californian Emesidae.*?7},}, CRAWFORD, D. L. - - - = American Triozinae (Psyllidae) I° f GRINNELL, FORDYCE = = = - - West Coast News Notes. PUBLISHED BY THE Department of Biology of Pomona College CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. x\\B nian list; POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Subscription price, $1.00 to domestic and $1.25 to foreign postal countries. Reprints of any of the articles can be obtained at a nominal price. The pages of the Journal are open especially to West American entomol- ogists, but also general taxonomic papers from any source will be welcome. Especially is this Journal offered in exchange for all entomological and zoological journals, and proceedings, transactions, and reports of societies, mu- seums, laboratories, and expeditions. The separates are likewise offered in exchange for other entomological and zoological separates. During 1909 the existence of the Journal was credited to the support of the Ontario-Cucamonga Citrus Association. It is to be noted, however, with due appreciation, that one member of that Exchange, Mr. A. P. Harwood, was the donor of one-half-of the amount from that source. During 1910, the Journal is pleased to acknowledge a wider support, now including the Ontario- Cucamonga Exchange, with Mr. A. P. Harwood, The San Antonio Fruit Ex- change, The A. C. G. Fruit Exchange, The Covina Fruit Exchange, The Semi- tropic Fruit Exchange, The Arlington Heights Fruit Exchange, The Santa Paula Fruit Exchange, and The Tulare Fruit Exchange. Address all remittances and communications to POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, C. F. Baxer, MAnacine Epiror, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. Pomona College Journal of Entomology Volume II MAY 1910 Number 2 FUMIGATION STUDIES—II DOES ORDINARY CONTRACT FUMIGATION PAY? WRIGHT M. PIERCE Very little information has ever been published on the cost of fumigation. The contractor naturally wishes to make the maximum profit, while the grower must labor to reduce the cost to a minimum. For any well founded deductions we need complete detailed figures from many sources, and we are hoping that this paper may arouse enough interest among the growers to induce them to obtain and send to us their fumigation accounts in detail. Our own observations were confined to a few outfits working in the neigh- borhood of Claremont. Even these limited and variable data make some facts in the whole matter very evident, the principal being that throughout the county there appear to be no standards governing either the work or the cost of it. Three cases are presented herewith, the trees in all cases being understood as averaging an ordinary medium size, and the fumigation for black scale. OurTrFir A. This outfit contracted to fumigate 16 acres, using 22 hours of work. The cost to the fumigator was as follows: 183 pounds of cyanide at .26........ ree eT ASAE S 183 pounds acid at .2............. poe ee 3.66 22 hours of work at $1.95 eee AO) giving a total of $94.14. The grower was charged $158 for the job, leaving a profit of $63.86 to the fumigator. The tents, in this case, were left over the trees for forty-five minutes. ‘The formula used was 1-1-3. 176 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Outrir B. This contract covered 15 acres, and the grower paid for the materials separately, the contractor merely doing the work of fumigating. The entire bill to the grower was: S20 pounds cyanide at. 25 $134.90 S70 pounds s acid tat: 02 Rae 17.40 35 hours service of estimator at .40............ 14.00 TAS Omtreesumtenitintcmm ata OO mmenena ean ames 114.88 or a total of $281.18. The actual cost to the fumigator in this case was, 35 hours with five men at .30 35 hours with 1 man at .40 or a total cost of $66.50. Subtracting this from the entire amount paid for the application ($114.88), we have $48.38, the profit to the fumigator. ‘The tents in this case were left on one hour. Outfit C. In the case under observation this outfit was working on a contract covering 21 acres, The entire cost was as follows: 837 pounds cyanide at .255..... 1800 pounds acid at .02......... 100 trees, tented, at .065 1980 trees, tented, at .08 SOs hours) estimatoreat 4.0m nn or a total of $434.54. The cost to the fumigator was as follows: 5 men for 50% hours at .30 1 man for 50% hours at .45, together... $98.50 Subtracting this from $164.90 gives the actual profit to the fumigator as $66.60 for his 50% hours’ work. The tents in this case were left over the trees forty-five minutes. Formula same as in B. One of the above outfits which used an exposure of but forty-five min- utes, required 30 to 35 minutes to throw the tents over a row of 35 to 40 trees, giving a rest of 10 to 15 minutes on each row during which time all were idle, excepting the one man who fills the water tank. In another outfit, however, where the trees were larger and the rows longer, even though the tents were left on for one hour, the gang had comparatively no time to waste. In this latter outfit there were only four men, and they were doing the ~ ck of six or seven in other orchards. ‘These men worked for 30 cents per hour for ordinary help and 40 cents for foreman, so there was practically a saving of 60 cents per hour over other outfits, the work being practically all done by hand, one team serving several outfits for moving, etc. Since the earliest days of fumigating the ordinary contract in this region has covered both materials and labor, so that there are many opportunities for shortcomings on the part of the fumigator, he thereby realizing a greater profit for his effort. Without the control of fumigating by either the County or by the Exchanges, the partial contract covering only the labor is by DOES ORDINARY CONTRACT FUMIGATION PAY? 177 far the most economical for the grower. Under this arrangement the chances of cutting either the dosages or time of treatment may be practically elimi- nated. The grower buys his own chemicals, and gives the fumigator so much per tree for doing the work. In this case the contract should always provide that the tents be left over the trees at least one hour. ‘Thus the grower, by keeping account of the materials used, and by comparisons with the number of his trees, the number of tents and men in the outfit, and the time of treatment, may judge exactly as to the efficiency of the service he is getting Outfit A, working as indicated above, after allowing for the cost of supplies and labor, earned approximately $2.90 for every working hour. This outfit used unmarked tents. In both outfits B and C, marked tents were used, and this necessitated greater care and time, B netting but $1.38 per hour, and C $1.32. Figuring out the total cost to the grower on ten acres in each case, we have: Orchard No. 1, where A worked, cost the growerv..........$158.00 Orchard No. 2, where B worked, cost the growetv.......... 187.86 Orchard No. 3, where C worked, cost the grower... 206.92 In each instance the amount spent for labor was practically the same for ten acres, so that the extra cost of B and C went for materials rather than to swell the profits of the fumigator. Another striking fact to note from these figures is that where the profit was greater to the fumigator in outfit A, the cost to the grower was less than in the other cases where the chemicals were carefully measured. It seems almost certain that Outfit A was cutting not only the time but the dosage, both acts very prejudicial to the interests of the grower. The system of marking tents and accurately measuring the dosage cer- tainly does not lessen the cost to the grower, but it insures honest fumigation, and a guaging of the dosage that will kill the scale! It is an exceedingly interesting and important matter now, to compare these figures, picked up at random in actual practice here in Los Angeles county, with the figures covering the work of fumigating on one of the largest and most successful ranches in Southern California, where it is to be supposed that the work would be done as near actual cost as would be possible. At the same time, on this ranch, they fumigate for a purpose, and would not fumigate at all were it not for their confident belief in being able to do effective work. Three grades of dosage were used, gauged to kill red and yellow scale, as well as black, and the cost in each case figures out as follows: For ten acres containing 960 trees, 14 years old Iitecostseateomozsmtontunestheee: nen te $259.20 abe OzSento) the trees. see 273.98 at lOvozssitovthe trees 306.80 This is more than is usually paid in Los Angeles county for fumigation, and here we must at the same time pay the necessary margin of profit to the contractor. 178 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY In this whole matter several salient truths appear: 1. That we have no standards set by the Horticultural Commission or otherwise, governing such work. 2. That the work we are now getting over the county is very variable in price and in results. 3. That growers, as a rule, do not know enough about fumigation to make a contract that efficiently protects their own interests. 4. ‘That we must come finally to fumigation by the Exchanges, or by solid groups of growers, on the block system, if we cannot have it done by the county as in San Bernardino. Others never will take the interest in one’s welfare that he himself would take, and it behooves growers every- where to take a real and a live interest in this whole matter. *THE NOCTUIDAE OF CALIFORNIA. I BY JOHN B: SMITH, SC. D. ENTOMOLOGIST OF NEW JERSEY EXPERIMENT STATION The Noctuid fauna of California is very rich, but quite as imperfectly known as it is wealthy. Few localities have been at all well-collected, none have been thoroughly collected, and vast ranges of the State are utterly unknown from this point of view. While there is quite a respectable list of species described from the State, there are almost no good series in eastern collections. A few examples are here and there, and some species have never turned up again since the original types were taken and described. My own collection is quite as poor in Californian material as any other, and this series of papers, prepared at the request of Prof. Baker, will be necessarily more or less incomplete, unless the California collectors help out. I will be very glad indeed to look over and determine specimens that may be sent me for that purpose, for the privilege of retaining such examples as may be needed for my collection and for completing study series. The family Noctuidae is distinguished from moths of similar appearance by the venation of the primaries (Fig. 71) or anterior wings. The sub- median, or vein 1, is furcate or divided at base, veins 3, 4 and 5 are grouped together out of the end of the median, vein 6 is out of the upper end of the cell, 7 to 10 are out of the accessory cell which is usually present, and of these 8 and 9 are usually on a shorter or longer stalk. Vein 11 is out of the sub-costal and runs to the costal margin before the tip, while vein 12 extends from the base just below the costa and reaches the margin a little beyond the middle. It is desirable that the student should become familiar with this type of venation and Cut 5 of Fig. 71 shows just what it looks like. Use any common Agrotid, Hadenid or similar species to verify the figure, and the easiest way to prepare the wing for examination is to rub off most of the scales with a camels-hair brush, lay on a glass slide, put on a drop of alcohol to wet thoroughly, then a drop of carbolic acid, full strength, and cover with another slide or thin cover-glass. That will make *The present is the first of a large series of most important articles for publication of which in the Journal we have recently made arrangements. Mr. Busck will give us a synopsis of the known Microlepidoptera of Cali- fornia, Mr. Chamberlain of the Myriapoda, Mr. Folsom of the Thysanura, Mr. Grinnell of the Rhopalocera, Sphingidze, and Pterophoride; Mr. Burr of the Euplexoptera, Mr. Banks of the Neuropteroid insects, Araneida, Phalangida, and Pseudoscorpionida, and so on. We shall assist these gentlemen to the utmost with material, and we hope that other Californian students and col- lectors will do the same. 180 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY the wing membrane transparent and will bring the veins into sufficient con- trast to make them easily seen. The veins of the figure are numbered to correspond with the system in common use by describers of this family, and they are also given the names used where numbers are not available. The secondaries, or hind wings (Fig. 71) have two free or internal veins, vein 8 is out of the sub-costal a little beyond base, and the median vein is either 3 or 4 branched, depending upon whether 5 is from a short spur close to 4+, or whether it is obsolescent and out of the obscure cross- vein closing the cell. At the base of the costal margin there is, in the male, a single spine or spur, the frenulum, which fits into a loop or retinaculum attached to the costa of primaries, and holds the wings together; in the female there are three or four weaker bristles, and these are held by crossed scales on the under-side of the median cell. This gives us a convenient way of determining sex in this family, the loop of the males or crossed scales of the females being very readily determinable, as a rule. There are, however, a few exceptions to this rule; the half a dozen species of Huteliint and Stictopterini having the frenulum single in the female as well as the male, but no loop in the female. On the basis of the difference in vein 5 of the secondaries, the Noctuidz are divided into two series—the77vifidae in which the vein is nearly or quite lost and, when traceable, is from the cross-vein, well beyond the end of the median—and the Quadrifidae in which vein 5 is nearly or quite as strong as the others and is connected at base by a strong spur with the end of the median. In another way of putting it, the median vein is 3-branched in the one case, 4-branched in the other. The difference can be readily seen by comparing any large species of Hadena or Mamestra with a Catocala. The body of the Noctuids is usually stout and well-developed, very few species having large or frail wings, and the body vestiture may be hairy or scaly, the differences furnishing bases for generic distinctions. The abdomen is quite frequently tufted on the dorsum, and sometimes along the lateral edges of the segments. It is rarely much longer than the anal angle of the secondaries, and in the Quadrifidae tends to become cylindri- conic and smoother. The thorax usually has a well-developed collar, which may be produced at the sides or middle, or even projected forward into a distinct hood. The patagia are usually well-marked and quite usually sufficiently up-lifted to give the thorax a distinctly squared appearance. On the dorsum the vestiture may be flat and smooth, formed into a keel-like ridge, produced into anterior or posterior tufts or both, or there may be a divided crest through the center; all these furnishing bases for generic divisions. The head is usually well developed, rarely retracted, and the eyes are usually round and more or less globose. In this matter there are differences, however, and in some series reniform or kidney-shaped eyes occur. The front of the head is usually smooth, slightly convex; but it sometimes becomes protuberant, bulging, roughened or furnished with processes of various kinds; all these modifications being used in systematic work. The antennz are al- THE NOCTUIDAE OF CALIFORNIA 181 ways well developed, usually simple or sparsely ciliated in the female and ranging from simple through serrate into bi-pectinate in the male. In the Deltoid series the males frequently have curious twists, distortions or tuftings before the middle, which are quite characteristic and useful for specific as well as generic separation. The labial palpi in the typical series vary little, ex- tending upward along the front to the vertex. In the quadrifids the terminal joint tends to elongate and becomes smooth and more slender. In the Deltoids the palpi become very much elongated, more slender, or clothed with upright scales on the upper edge, giving a blade-like appearance or forming a snout. ‘This snout-like appearance (Fig. 71) is sometimes seen in the other series as well, but in those cases the scaly clothing is usually directed downward, and a pointed frontal tuft adds to the effect. Only in Hyblaea, in our fauna, is there any trace of maxillary palpi, and it is a question whether this should really remain as a Noctuid. The tongue is usually well developed; but in a few cases it is wholly aborted and in such instances the head is usually small, retracted, and the palpi are reduced in size. In the trifids three series are distinguished on eye characteristics: those which have the eyes hairy, clothed with short, even pile; those which have them naked with overhanging cilia or lashes, and those which have them naked, without overhanging cilia or lashes. The first of these series is well defined and there is rarely a question as to whether a species belongs to it or not. These will be treated here as Mamestrini. The difference between the lashed and unlashed eyes is less obvious and no tribal or serial division can be satisfactorily based on this feature. In a long series of species the middle and hind tibie (Fig. 71), and often the anterior pair as well, are furnished with stiff, longer or shorter spines, sometimes abundantly, sometimes sparsely; but always distinctly when they are present at all. ‘These spines are different from the normal spurs, a pair of which occurs at the end of the middle tibize, while there are two pair at and near the tip of the hind tibiz. On the fore tibiz there are no spurs com- paring to those of the middle and hind pairs, but there may be claws or other corneous processes, and on the inner side there is always an appendage or epiphysis which covers a depression or excavation. The term Agrotini has been applied to the series with spinose tibie and this is made to include the Heliothid series in which the colors are brighter and more contrasting, while the armature is much heavier ©n the fore tibiz. The term Hadeninae has been applied to those forms in which the eyes are naked and the middle and hind tibiae are not spinose; but this is a mixed mess and divisible in a number of smaller series based on minor characters of vestiture, tufting and the like. Claws or spines at the end or tip of the fore tibiz may occur in any series, and sometimes there are long, more or less curved claws on the tarsal joints as well. On any or all the legs there may be sexual tuftings or other modifica- tions in the males. ‘These are rare in the trifid series, but common in the 182 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY quadrifids, and reach their maximum development in the Deltoid series where secondary sexual modifications furnish excellent bases for generic and specific divisions. The quadrifids are broken up into a larger number of smaller series, and some of these contain very few species in our fauna; in California some are not represented at all. For convenience, the table given by Sir George F. Hampson, in the 4th Volume of the Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalznz in the British Museum is here repeated with a very few changes in the sub-family terms. It should be understood that I do not consider all these as really sub-families, nor are the divisions always sharply marked; but for convenience the table is better than any other that I know and it will work in the vast majority of cases. 1—Maxillary palpi absent; labial palpi developed i eeceeceeeeereneee Z Maxillanysas: well=aslabiali@palpi developed sees. see sees 16 2—Secondaries with vein 5 obsolete or from the cross-vein, well removed frome Be Bee ee ed i 3 Secondantess withe ver™onwelladevelo pec ees semen seseeeen ence anne 6 5 ibiza OMe TOL MOLE NpalUS Sp IT OS css eee eee ee AGROTINA£ ‘ibie: not ‘spinose. 22) ee ee ee + AR VeS © Metin y eset eee ee ee ee MM Se yes! notolairy: cee te Se ee 5—Eyes with long overhanging ciliz or lashes... Sucre Eyes without overhanging ciliz or lashes. ACRONYCTINA# 6—Hind wing with vein 5 more or less approximated to 4 at base... 7 Hind wing with vein 5 parallel to 4 als Simpl 8 Frenulum of female multiple W202... Pee As, 9) 8—Abdomen with lateral anal pencils Of Waite EUTELINNA# Abdomen without anal hair pencils; fore-wings with tufts of raised SCall Si trie Cel se ces ar I ET eee STICTOPTERINAL Oo Retinacnlume on emalle baits breyp ctl meee eee eeee eee emer ere () Retinaculum of male not bar-shaped ..002022.- aallil 10—Fore-wing with tufts of raised scales in cell _SARROTHRIPINA Fore-wing without: tufts of raised scales in cellu... ACONTIINA: I Mirddlewitibicey spinose: esses eee CATOCALINAS Middle tibiz:, not. spinose. 2. 12 Byes MAURY yas. se eRe ee cee sp ee MOMINA Byes, notolhanty cena ee ee 13 13—Eyes with long, overhanging ciliz or lashes... --------—--.-PL.USINA® Eyes without such ciliz or lashes eee 14—Vein 5 of secondaries close to lower angle of all Baa een. _EREBIINZE Vein 5 of secondaries well above angle of cell and rather weak... Se ete a ee I et ERASTRIIN A 15—Palpi elongated, ce: shaped, or laterally compressed with upright VeStture <2 seen oe) a ae ees HY PENINA: 16—Palpi forming a short snout, head small, primaries narrow... Se Pah SN IE De cee Se ee HYBLAINA 1. 8. 9: THE NOCTUIDAE OF CALIFORNIA 183 EXPLANATION OF FIGURE 71. A Noctuid showing the typical maculation and other descriptive charac- ters: on body, c, collar; pa, patagium; on primary wing, b, basal line or half line; bd, basal dash or streak; ¢. a., transverse anterior line; m, median shade; ft. p., transverse posterior line; s. t., sub-terminal line; c. m., costal margin; ¢., terminal line; ap., apex; o. m., outer margin; h. a., hind angle; 7. m., inner margin; cl, claviform; or, orbicular; rn, reniform; on secondary wing, apex, o, m., outer margin; a. n., anal angle; 7. m., inner margin; d. s., discal spot; e. /., exterior line. Head from front, showing a hairy eye at right; a naked, lashed eye at left; front smooth, not protuberant. Head of Nonagria from above, showing location of ocelli; front with a keel-like process, the lateral edges serrate. Same structure seen from side. Venation of a Noctuid; the veins named and numbered as usually referred in descriptive work; the secondary shows a trifid, in which vein 5 is weak and from the cross-vein, remote from 4. Hind wing of a quadrifid, showing vein 5 as strong as the others, and from the same point with 3 and 4 at end of median. An anterior leg showing tibial epipysis at inner side and a short stout claw at end of tibia. Anterior tibia of a Schinia with two inner terminal and 4 outer lateral claws. Middle leg with tibia moderately spinose. 10. Hind leg with normal development; no spines, tufts or brushes of any kind. 184 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Figure 71. Anatomical Details of Noctuidae. THE SCORPIONS OF CALIFORNIA NATHAN BANKS OF THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE The scorpions are readily known from all other arachnids by the presence of two peculiar characters; the body terminates in a poison sting, and on the venter, near the base of the abdomen is a pair of appendages (Fig. 80, d), each bearing a number of lamellae; these are the pectines, or combs. ‘The palpi are enlarged at tip and chelate, the claw being of three parts; the hand, basal portion, and two fingers, one movable, the other fixed. There are three groups of eyes on the anterior part of the cephalothorax, one median of two, and a lateral group at each anterior corner, of two or three eyes. The last five segments of the body are much narrower than the others, and form the cauda, or tail; the last segment is the ‘‘vesicle,”’ and bears the sting. These caudal segments bear ridges, which are called “keels.” The legs have no patella between femur and tibia. The mandibles in front consist of a basal part, or paturon, (Fig. 80, f), and two curved fingers, one fixed and one movable; these fingers are usually provided with teeth. Beneath on the venter is a small triangular or pentagonal area between the posterior coxz; this area is the sternum. The poisonous nature of scorpions has been exaggerated by most people ; the commoner forms are no more dangerous than a wasp; one species, Centrurus exilicauda, which occurs in western Mexico and up into the southern part of California, is considered by some to be more poisonous than other species ; however, there is little evidence, as yet, on this matter. The species so far known to occur in California are distinguished in the following table: 1. Between tarsus and metatarsus is a single spur (on anterior side) ; sternum pentagonal ; cephalothorax deeply emarginate in front; cauda very small; fingers shorter than hand; pectines rarely more than 12 in 1GUUD (0) DY} Ce cee Peete Une cial Vespidae Note on Polybia albopicta Sm., P. Cameron; New Species of Tiphia collected by ee ot. C, F. Baker in Nevada and Nicaragua, P. Cameron). Price 45 cents. pp. 160-178, HYMENOPTERA (Some New Gorytes—like Wasps, C. F. Baker; scriptions of New American Tiphiidae, P. Cameron; A New Mutillid, near Brachy. tis, from California, C. F. Baker). 2 Pride 45 cents. “pp. 179-198, HYMENOPTERA (Two New Bees of the Genus Ceratina, C. F. Baker; } Some North American Species of Chartergus, P. Cameron; On Some Diploteryga Belize and Nicaragua, P. Cameron; New Halictinae from the Western United =.tes, J. C. Crawford). Price 50 cents, y of these papers will be exchanged for any papers on Hemiptera or Hymenoptera our library. Send lists of duplicates and desiderata to C, F. BAKER, Pomona College, Claremont, Cal. — es Ee 4 a ve “a POMONA COLLEGE “Our Tribute to Christian Civilization” One of the best located, and best housed and outfitted Colleges on the West Coast, with a very full corps of unusually enthusiastic and energetic professors, and a large and very vigorous student body. ‘The laboratories in Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy are splendidly equipped, and is an college might be thoroughly proud of. Offers full Literary, Classical, a Scientific courses. Possesses well-manned schools of Music and Art, and off exceptional facilities in Library and Athletics. The College should be judged by its output—Pomona has been very proud of hers. Claremont is admittedly at the center of one of the most salubrious, beauti- fully located and desirable residence districts in California. For further information, address POMONA COLLEGE, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA. OP) et hs si a : Dies ai ee eT LN Le ‘ in vie ee n ae , } UR ease Oa mi é oa 7 - ier © f y + : pe v :/ ; r , f ry 1 n ih . rt yi ’ Osc v ti Hi) han it hy mK ih H i HNN H HN LN PMA | Mi PATA AR A A | i} ll Lui NY | | TU 3 9088 01268 8636 | 1 tl