iat peaks = PE, RITE ede Tots +4 9 Sener - Sa “ > @ > ae Jane ap nA! Popular Science Monthly etnrenne tod —<_—___ Volume 88 January-June, 1916 ————_—_____ Modern Publishing Company 239 Fourth Avenue New York 24135 Copyright, 1916, by MODERN PUBLISHING COMPANY All rights reserved The Vision of a Blind Man EDWARD LIVINGSTON YOUMANS FOUNDER OF POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The Vision of a Blind Man HE progress due to science and invention in America, which makes this Twentieth Century so wonderful, so rich, is a tribute to the vision of a blind man. The science department in every university, the technical schools, owe more to him than to any other one personal force. Hundreds of thousands in this generation whose success is due to him, or who are benefiting through the work he did, do not even know the name of Edward Livingston Youmans. In his lifetime this self-taught man was recognized as the best in- formed intelligence in the nation, and he has been dead not thirty years. He made science popular in the homes of America Youmans’ work can be summed up in four words: He made science popular. In teaching himself the sciences, handicapped as he was with blind- ness, Youmans realized the barriers of learning within which scientific men have isolated themselves. Since the time, more than two thousand years ago, when Archi- medes. discovered the lever, the pulley and the screw, since the day science was born, in fact, scientists have been an exclusive folk, a sort eof high priesthood. They share their knowledge with None but the elect are permitted to enter within their each other. circle. Their constant excuse has always been, is now, that without technical mastery there can be no science and that only the trained mind can understand technicalities. When Youmans began his life work seventy years ago he realized his mission’ was that of an inter- preter: 7S He knew that science must be- come a part of the daily life of | human beings, if civilization was to His own experience go forward. proved to him how difficult it was to get the necessary knowledge. vi The Vision of a Blind Man With his sightless eyes he looked into the future chemical combinations, as it was then conceived. Youmans supplemented this with a text book on chemistry and He saw the social and industrial . . 150,000 copies were sold. revolution that science could bring 50,000 copies were sold A friendship and business rela- about, once people understood its | _ tion that lasted forty years was laws, and how these laws could be begun when the blind man was led into the store of D. Appleton & | Co., then on Broadway below the |f | made to work for them. There wasn’t any popular demand for science in those days; it was considered something absolutely City Hall, tote ee seller a volume he could not afford to buy and which he could not find in the libraries. Youmans’ advice apart from the daily life of people. Youmans, a practical man who made his dreams come true, had to make people realize a need of made Appleton’s the leading pub- which they were unconscious, and lishers of scientific books in Amer- then supply that need. ica. The editing of scientific books, He invented just one device— his own writings, his success on the chart or diagram object lesson, the platform—Youmans was a in universal use today and as ef- popular lecturer for seventeen years fective asit was when the “graphic” —did not educate people fast enough brought Youmans into national | satisfy this man of action. He could make science under- standable but he could not reach people in sufficient numbers. He wanted to sell science to the whole prominence. A color chemical chart invented by a blind man people. He knew that what was needed was a magazine. It is the medium that can give national publicity. | It has the power of iteration; its | value depends upon its success in | supplying a human need. Tens of thousands learned the rudiments of chemistry by looking at a color chart devised by a blind man. This revealed, almost at a glance, the whole mechanism of Forty-four Years After Herbert Spencer brought the magazine into being addition to Spencer’s there were articles by John Tyndall, Thomas Huxley, Professor R. A. Proctor, Dr. Henry Maudsley, Henry Ward Beecher and others who thought profoundly and were able to write simply. Within a year and a half the circulation was 12,000 and that would be a big circulation for a monthly that solid for fifty cents a copy and $5 a year, even in these days of large volume. While the idea was Youmans’, Herbert Spencer deserves the credit for bringing The Popular Science Monthly into actual being. A warm friendship had sprung up be- tween the two, based upon. the American’s admiration for the Eng- lishman’s work. Youmans had written to Spen- cer that he had temporarily aban- doned the plan of starting the mag- The Popular Science Monthly azine when h ceived the first : “ieee became the most famous publica- of a series of articles which Spencer |... ; tion in America because it was as had promised to write for the new | _ . :; widely known in Europe as it was publication. The articles reached ; in this country. Youmans in April, 1872, and the Youmans edited the magazine until his death in 1887. His suc- cessors, under different ownerships, first issue of the new magazine appeared the following month. Thus the May issue of 1916 marks the beginning of the forty- fifth year of The Popular Science Monthly. The Herbert Spencer articles made a sensation and the maga- zine was a success from the start. ably maintained his original policy long after this policy accomplished its work. The Youmans policy did not enlarge with the public mind it educated. Those who continued it did not take into consideration that the thought, activities and manner of living of the whole nation had Famous men who thought deeply and wrote simply changed. Youmans was able to get great men to write for his magazine. In. The Youmans idea is as big, as vital, as ever it was. The plan for vill The Vision of a Blind Man making it work—that is the policy of the magazine—had become mor- ibund. There was needed a fresh interpretation, a rational inter- pretation, to meet conditions You- mans was instrumental in bring- ing about. The reason for the change in policy is the same as was the reason for starting the publication, for in his prospectus which appeared in the magazine said: scientific knowledge to all classes of the community calls for more efficient means of diffusing it.” The more efficient means for diffusing knowledge The change in the policy of The Popular Science Monthly means simply that a more efficient means of diffusing scientific knowledge has been proved. There are now a thousand lab- oratories where there was one in the days when Youmans was a student. Instead of a propaganda for laboratories, The Popular Sci- ence Monthly now gives the news the first number, the founder of “The growing importance of that comes from these laboratories it helped to establish. It is perhaps the most important news of all. The quiet men at work in laboratories will decide the great war just as they decide how a farmer shall till the soil, how a laborer shall carry pig iron with his hands. Making the big idea work to fit these big times The laboratories are not all in the universities, technical schools and great industrial corporations. Wherever a man has fitted up a little workshop for himself to carry out his ideas along scientific lines, that shop is a laboratory. News comes from it—sometimes the big- gest news. It is the function of The Popu- lar Science Monthly, not only to report this news but to interpret it—to explain it in words and pic- tures—to make it graphic—to show how it can make the daily life of human beings easier, richer, happier. The new device for everyday, familiar use, and the discovery that leads to the foundation of a new WALDEMAR KAEMPFFERT PRESENT EDITOR POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY . a is Hb pith a RRA a x industry, come within its scope. It tells how to make and use the simplest things that make life and work easier and reports the great advances in abstract science in words any intelligent reader can understand without effort, explain- ing the meaning of these discover- ies and just what work they will do. Kaempffert, the editor, is scientist and interpreter This can be done only under the direction of an editor who is him- self a scientist. He must have full knowledge, complete understand- ing of the language in which sci- ence speaks, and be able to inter- pret and explain it to meet human needs—needs he must understand and sympathize with. Edward L. Youmans had this capacity ;sohas Waldemar Kaempf- fert, the present editor of The Popular Science Monthly. Youmans had this gift for the people of his day; Kaempffert has it for the people of this day. Kaempffert has been interpret- ing abstract science, chemistry, engineering and invention for twen- ty years. As managing editor of The Vision of a Blind Man The Scientific American, one of the most exact journals, he proved himself the ablest man in America in this work. He has surrounded himself with specialists who know how to write simply, how to be interesting. The contributors to the maga- zine continue to be “‘the ablest sci- entific men of different countries,” to use Youmans’ words. For every- thing that appears in The Popular Science Monthly has the stamp of authority. This is the law. This is the first law: It must be interesting There is only one way to make science appeal to non-scientific people and that is to make it in- teresting. It is the law that The Popular Science Monthly must be inter- esting. Most of us are not given to con- centrated thought. We are in- clined to feel and act. speeds from one topic to another, finding interest in a hundred things that really do not concern us, but seeking always for ideas. Ideas make life worth while. All Our mind xii Forty-four Years After work is drudgery unless it is in- spired by ideas. The make-up of the magazine, which seems a haphazard affair, is perhaps the most perfect object lesson illustrating the way the mind of the average man works. It reads as a group of people talk, flashing from one subject to another, superficially unrelated yet having an invisible bond, giving important things longer, more seri- ous attention, touching lightly up- on those merely entertaining. Mechanical vaudeville is given at its real value For The Popular Science Month- ly is not lacking in what may be called mechanical vaudeville, and vaudeville seems to be a human need. The scientist, the engineer, the inventor are human beings after all. But these entertaining things in the magazine are presented at their exact value, as is everything else. The reader is not even given the opportunity of taking them seriously. The Popular Science Monthly has as many illustrations as can be crowded into the magazine be- cause the picture is the quickest, surest way of communicating ideas. Each month some 300 new ideas are pictured and explained—ideas that eliminate drudgery. Drudgery is not a permanent It is one’s attitude that makes one’s work drudgery or a form. vocation that is interesting. This fundamental runs through all economics. To define the work of The Popu- lar Science Monthly is to define civilization. Civilization is a result of bring- ing to the individual the fruits of all the experiments, ideas and dis- coveries the whole world has accu- mulated. The success with which it is doing this important work is shown by the fact that it has added ten thousand readers each month since the new policy was adopted. The Popular Science Monthly is now growing just as fast as people are becoming acquainted with it. It is one of the few periodicals that is an economic necessity. That which a blind man saw in a vision forty-four years ago has become a reality. ——— sw aot. hae te ee oe « To, ee ———s This volume contains: 960 pages 1393 articles 2113 pictures purrs a9 CeO" GRAS. Sw ere ee + eee ee ig Oe I a EE ee Pt eR tre or ee e. 1) Popular Science Monthly By EX Volume 88, January-June, 1916 AERONAUTICS Page The Death Toll of Our Misspent Aeronautic PRODI IONE iene. Chee cash a-cir, Oe eiere oi your A Spanish Lesson in Aeronautics.........:...... 108 50,000 Bird Men Now Are Flying.............. 248 Government Manufacture of Aeroplanes—A Na- HOTA WleHACeli as feiss cisk.s cere eye fess oes ee 249 PPE ETO UII EE. Sie ne sci e SP cea uspalekencua, oie Wicd ............. 757 Keeping the Cow’s Tail Out of ie Milk Pail . . 758 (Agi Esar-Corn Feeder for Hogs. 0... i.eccs sete 793 Trench-Digging by Machinery................. 830 A New Powerful Farm-Tractor... . Rees) Drying Cattle Hides in a Broiling Tropical ‘Sun... 862 ARCHEOLOGY mrieaAncient Wooden Leg. i... i. cee ieee ve wee 29 Was This the Tower of Babel?................. 89 ASTRONOMY gage LN COPS oS SA lea: aa ce OS Foe 188 Loe) ti S Pe i ea a oe sen SOU Measuring the Light of the Stars............... 824 AUTOMOBILES AND ACCESSORIES An Armless Man Drives a Car at Racer's Speed. . 8 Imitation Hand Signals a Turn................ 9 An Automobile Show Case............... te ee Using an Automobile as a Winch............... 28 A Jack-of-all-Trades Truck........... cee ete A Need for Electric Rickshaws................. 53 Cripple Makes a Fortune with Tri-Car; Then Runs Page farersry. Council . See at ecole eee Logging with Tiactors in the Maine Woods. Agsleich Motorcycleee ne s.06- en ee ase Keeping the Motorcycle Busy.................. Indicator Tells Pursuing Police Speed of Auto- mobile Ingenious Slide Rule for Motoiists............. Maud, the Motor Mule, on Our Cover AgGraoline; bicld: Kytehemcc. 2... ec xc ao noc ots Motor Car Bodies of 1916—Good and Bad Adapting Tire Inflation to the Load.......... on't Decarbonize Aluminum Pistons........... Cleaning New York’s Snow-Clogged Streets with Motor-tirueks.. . seme 0 oe ts en wie Tearing Up Rails with a Motor-Truck.......... A Motor-Cycle Converted into a Motor Sled.... A Mile-a-Minute with an Air-Driven Sied A Novel French Motor Tricycle Sweeper Asivachwe Caz Builtiaemores:, oor oe os eee « And Now Comes the Front-Wheel Drive Motor- Ole ee nieve 2. RR ae te aon bose ion Makimnerashire Casingaem nite) ie syed oon tes. ssans Josef Hoffman Invents a Pneumatic Shock Ab- SORBED. nee. PLE ae nm ardic wis sae a An Improvised Trouble Light for Motorists..... Adjustable Auto Foot-Pedal for Short Drivers... . Extra Seat for Ford Cars Hangs on Door........ Folding Motor Bucket Is Also Game Bag ....... Switch Detects Bad Ignition NMiatoniio OM Kis: mesa Mit sea ore ds wisn o.coe Protecting the Motorist on Dark Roads....... A Trolley Company Which Repairs Automobiles Pamavedt hy [ts Carsi 97 cae sce eed Ga Spreading Sand Over Oiled Roads by a Motor Agtachrment: 0 7 pea denies e cts hen 25,200 oniake A Convenient Step for Automobiles.............. Pull) Yourself Out of the: Mud .55 wo nc enn be sis A Cold or Wet Weather Suggestion for Motor- SUPE RES ES ra re fey os co. ana Dac oie a es ON Nias Nats Automobile:and Tractor, Magee vc. ceased as eaiete 593 An OwliDarkens the Lown) mete. 0 ee eee 369 Ani@i up for Auto oprings. ..sbrs- 7. see 593 Typewriting Eight Telegrams Over a Single Wire. 374 An Anti-Clogging Oil-Gage. .~..5......:0000+-- A New Way of Driving a Bicycle with a Motor . Converting an Automobile into an Apartment. The Chair Car—the Latest Development in Stage- COACIES: «5 ius oe eee 652 An Electric Soldering Iron. 7) 7]. tooo ee 626 Construction of Unipolar Dynamos............ 624 The Electromagnetic Hand for Armless Veterans. 657 An Electrically-Lighted Clock................. 699 AvSocket Protecting. Knot> ames ee eee 731 An Electric Fan Suspended by Its Own Wire..... 736 Lamp Resistance for Charging Storage Patteries. 781 Recharging Worn-out Dry Batteries... 7. Sie eee 781 Automatic Dead-End Switch............. 785 Making Coils of Resistance Wire for a Small Elec- tric’ Stove’: 5 iw 655 3h see ee oe eee 788 How to Make an Electric Horn................- 788 Repaiing a Burnt-Out Fuse! 22.) >>). eee 788 Changing a Telegraph Sounder Into a Relay..... 789 Subs'‘ituting a Flashlight for a Door Fell........ 789 Telephone Line Test Clips Easily Made......... 789 A Current Reverser for Small Motors........... 789 Making Over the Lighting System.............. 795 Healing Magic of the Electric Arc.............. 818 Illuminating a Highway with Pockets of Light. 905 Bird Protection for Electric Lines.............. 907 Making a Simple but Efficient Flasher.......... 959 For Those Midnight Serenaders................ 939 A Musical Electric Door-Bell.................. 940 Connecting Dissimilar Telephone Lines......... 941 Connecting Wires with Tinfoil...........:..... 941 An Efficient Spark-Plug Tester................. 941 ikhe “Ideal? Battery. . eeieseen eee ee 945 The Construction of an Automatic Battery Circuit- Breaker: $2 ="... ER. eee 947 How to Make a Rural Mail Box Alarm......... 947 Electrical Lighting Device for the Gas-Range. . 948 An Electric Weather-Vane Indicator............ 948 GEOLOGY The Devil’s Post Pile’: 53320-2500 oe «2 ee eee 178 Natural Cannonballs’. @o oe + ~~. ee ae 178 Natural Stadium Which Holds One Hundred and Thirty Thousand): S59 9:28 coke

... eee oe seers Col apr ek 497 Mien perni a iViolasses Jar. so. 6. sp acwins ere cee 317 A Combined Electric Stove and Fireless Cooker.. 504 Bini nieapy ight osu... 2. kee. cabinet sans 317 This Lamp Shade Will Not Scorch............. 505 A Combined Ice House and Cold Storage Room... 318 This Chair Does Duty Twenty-tour Hours Every. Inclined Sidewalk for a Wheeled Invalid Chair... 473 i ap ee te A 4 4. ~ 2a lia die a ee 585 A Simple Method of Clearing a Clogged Waste Finger-Saving Nutmeg-Grater................. 585 efit Med I ann ee ees Reine 473 To Take Olives from a Bottle. 2 2000. 002...) 26: 585 A Book or Music Stand from Old Spools......... 474 Auiioldertoriviurlk, Bottlestiy 0) oe fee eer 585 A Cheap Substitute for Linoleum................ 475 New Device Distills Water for the Home....... 586 Lengthening the Life of a Worn-Out Clock...... 475 Making an Acetylene Gas Generator........... 629 Axiebatension £0.a Kitchen... ...)..0ss5.0.08..0. ATG) pie Novel Window-Shelf Maen)... .c 2. cn ane ee 630 Goncealing the Spare Silver. oo. .5..0...+..02-5+- 478 A Siphon to Remove Cream From Bottles...... 630 PPI OTSINeEAINEY race siren nie ne hee 478 A Wash-Wringer Attachment.................. 630 Pero wer- hot Tlaneer irc oan teens oh eel mks 478 Space and Time Savers for the Home.. ........ 666 A Garbage and Paper Burner................. & its) Anolmprovieed: Llall-T reesse one eon susie nets cus ic 666 Using a Suction Pump to Clear a Clogged Drain.. 478 Keeping Beverages Fresh...............-...-.. 704 A Modern Sanitary Hog House ................ 479 A Bottle-Sealing Machine for the Home........ 736 A Hen-House Water Supply Which Will Not AvaceiGurtam* sb rotectione ates soe. ne wees 742 BCE ZEEE Tee Sis cps cenit aie ae 480 Not Gorkserew: Needed Meer cnr. ee es bles 762 A Whole Tool Box in One Tool................ 632 How to Keep the Baby in His High Chair....... 763 A Self-Rocking Developing-Tray............... 632 An Easy Way to Remove a Broken Chair Leg... 763 How to Make a Kitchen Table Fit You........ 633 ihesammous Bottle wert ae te kes cles et 772 merdmethwenty OLeers > .e.. Wee woe cls cone « 633 Aysate;swing for the Baby... sess fcc ce = 795 A Can of Paint and How to Use It............. 634" |) BloorScrubber Propels Itself. 30.5... 813 Permits ane aI OW tos. See oo dee 637 Cherry-Stoner Saves the Hands............ mys 2) Burdandy Magazine-shelfcc .... 2%.... 0... eke ae 666 Moencyem the initchenmacees | a se ausdes cece 821 Combination Bedroom and Living Room........ 666 AnpmlectncGas-Lightensenmrrs cc denacwr wees 821 An Improved Bottle Stopper.................. 753 A Glue-Brush Like a Fountain Pen............ 821 Pinnelastlinee. for apVise «0-0. sc... meek 759 How ittosAvoid Burnt Pingers. 20... i2. 6.14... 821 How to Make a Distilling Apparatus........... 759 iiwoi@ookine) Vessels in\One en) one. se see cw 821 AA Pinette Attached to a Bottle. -.2............. 762 ey 1 a eS 2 Rec Al ete ee : 822 A Wedge as a Burglar-Alarm.................. 763 A Vacuum Washing Machine Which Sucks Dirt An Improved Darkroom Lamp................. 764 GHgorbabrics: .). {rete ie ©. ocle. boa aeOee meme tastioleriny Glass «osc... ssa ones pass 769 A Convenient Milk and Butter Slide for Refrigera- How to Build a Rabbit Hutch................. 791 LOLS es «sf EP slo ties die eens 823 How to Make an Iceless Cooler........... ne AOE: An Ice-Grip with Many Uses.................. 823 A Vegetable Peeler Made from a Razor Blade.... 792 Another Way to Rejuvenate Eggs.............. 823 Making a Cheap Grocery Set of Your Own...... 794 Killing Insects with Poisonous Gas............. 857 How to Make a Glove-Box.................... 794 An Electric Iron with a Headlight.............. 863 An Improved Match Striker..:................ 795 Sterilizing Water by Ultra-Violet Light......... 866 ERTL SeeM ESI ALO Wig! Va aise, Sexkscn: Sie Eaaisy ors ziasery, « ete 796 What Blood Pressure Means and How It Is Meas- orl Olishine) BUrneire tole lsc. “ies ven os cee 880 RELECP TT... = ls) Deda oes Eee 867 How to Make an Accurate Sun-Dial............ 951 Why a Featherduster Is Like a Fly............. 878 Bator Stove Blacking i... 06 046.500 0cteims 951 Iceiviaking at Home Nw. meus. tiscinoutien eee 891 A heetl Pag Pompous, x), tater sok ate 951 Anilmprovised Flour Bin)... 2.2 snes sassceeee G02 Clothes-Line Suggestions. .............02.-s00% 952 Doing Away with the Dish-Cloth.............. 906 Pesmnxtary Kitchen Sink.......-....c0:sssecre. 952 Nesoaves the'Cook'’s Handé.....0) .eesant ens lene Geos room Holder from Barrel Hoop............... 953 Removing Waterproof India Ink Spots.......... 925 How to Dry Unsightly Scrub-Rags............. 953 How to Protect Sugar from Ants............... 953 HOW THE WAR IS BEING FOUGHT ow to Use Old Mantel Supports.............. 953 A Milk-Warmer Made from a Lamp-Bulb....... 953 The Destruction of the Emden................. 13 meyuvenating Your Pipe. ..-......cec+scnccnccs 953 Women in Europe's Machine Shops............ 17 Making the Binslir Callithe!Polic@.05) 0.0.6.5... 954 | The Making of a Submarine Mine............ Teer 4 SINC Len Berl et Yn he coh Soe och esas 954 How Range Finders Find the Range............ 26 Automatic Feeding-Hopper Built for Twenty-five The Pigeon Spy and His Work in War.......... 30 DRED 7 ISR AR TASS oe ere ae 5 ae How the War Is Being Fought..... cn) ie 33-50 PCIMerMIOL CONCKEte: ic less ss vee teenies ees Shooting ab Jupiter. :-- 485 ater a o.5.52. ode etokts = pieces ins ae 82 A Difficult Journey for An Army Tractor...... 490 A Windmill Which Always Turns in the Same Decoy Targets for Zeppelins................... 512 MTECHIONS 3.5 fous 42> RRR aa le eee 167 How the War Is Being Fought............ 514-527 Steam-Driven Models Made by a Handless Me- The Allies’ Tsosses <0) een eee ... 248 Sharpening’ Drills by Air; eee. os eee eee 336 A Giant Grinder Which Goes to Its Work ...:.. 338 INVENTIONS TO MAKE LIFE EASY The Hobby-Horse Turned Into a Swing......... 340 : ; Lifting a Wagon to Dump Its Load............. 340 Burnishing with the Sewing-Machine........... 436 Spending Money by Machinmery................ 346 Cigar Tip Protector of Many Uses............. 436 Cleaning New York Streets with Modern Me- Head-Guard for Alley-Boys. «. sty sess => - tos 436 chanical: Appliances! 2 ee 378 MorevAccurate Calipers... .... «cae -:eienee 858 Fooling the Pickpocket..............- sn) LODO. Straw: Hat Insurance (> ac -.9... dane oe 850 MODERN MEDICINE AND SURGERY A Tray to Hide Unsightly Cigar Ashes.......... 850 AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE A Clean Way of Removing Pens from ‘[heir Holders: 2. host es oC ie ee 8657 The Electromagnet im War. ..2.... 2.5 ase eee 27 Learning Arithmetic with a Woman's Invention.. 869 Why a Woman Can Outtalk a Man............. 53 A: Purse Powder-Holder.. 2.2. sheen eee ss 884 X-Ray Finds Safety Pin in Baby's Throat....... 54 Combined Eye-Shade and Program............. 905 Hammering Spine to Cure Sick Heart........... 55 The Fruit Picker’s Sleeve-Chute............... 914 Mercury Poisoning and Deafness—the Price of a AiMitten-Duster.,.)chauwe 40. . SA opine 914 Derby Hat... ..:. Sap peceeaaeae tare 68 Muffler for Bowling-Pins.7.... + amen ere 914 A Walking Leg Bath isc sis aus re te 73 Packing the Things You Never Can Cram into Hospital Work on the Firing Line.............. 80 Wouruitcagse:.= 0.0 acest. Sevens -tetanech eee 914 Why There Are Defective Babies and Monsters... 83 Safety-First for Window-Cleaners.............. 914 An International Test for Vision.............-. 112 Small Electricheater:. i... - . nce > ee 914 Does Your Child Suck Its Thumb?............. 334 Down with the Portcullis, and Your Fis Is Caught 915 Mending Bones with Rivets and Wires.......... 337 Improved Pocket-Knife Punch................. 915 Sleep in Hot Water to Rest Your Nerves........ 381 A Magnifying Needle-Threader................ 915 The-Peril of the Furt@oat pss pines ae ene 383 Mattress Handles Lighten Housework.......... 915 Babies: in Glass Casese<-ar oacies oe eiisade > + ies 390 A Perftume-Wafting Fani.t5..2 «bce cocci onlete 915 A*Rowing. Bath J. 3... gecerlamers feist eee on ean ens 486 Telephone-Mouthpiece Deadens Outside Sounds. . 915 Making a Throat Examination Behind a Glass Convenient Holder for Toilet Articles........... 691 Screen! ’... .< Se .vs Siete nie et oles ee oa ee 497 Se a le eal 1 OS ake | th ted SP ee are a if A) Cee = eee ee ee nee Te INDEX TO VOLUME 88 X1x Page thet Doge as a’ Carrier of (Disease: 2.0... 5.66 8s 510 A Fresh-Air Tunnel for Your Bedroom......... 553 Sriencesancuthe: Griminalcmn: sins so choacts coeur 555 Cane Holds Doctor’s Medicines ............... 563 Pure Water for Six Hundred Thousand People.. 580 Handy Instrument for Physicians.............. 658 Fumigating Has Improved, but Are We Less Afraid BiGerMS ass 2 Ses TN eee ee ale ee Oe 663 Fumigating Tank that Contains R. R. Coach.... 664 Sleep Outdoors in This Hotel.................. 669 Bismfectinz school Pencils: .. .o2.050.05 0 Se: 694 Twitching Muscles by Means of the Electric Murrente ey acs te ee Les eee oe 699 The Modern “Horse Doctor” at Work.......... 721 Sanitary Refreshment Tables.................. 729 When Should Children Be Held Upside Down?... 739 Three-Quartersof Humanity Are DeficientinLung- SADHClLUs Pe te ee ote Be Ss Pate 745 Straightening a Baby Llama’s Knock-Knees..... 856 A Whipping Machine to Cure Nervousness... ... 862 ARonays ancdytbe woaw (5 2.00 Ns: se ckle a ae os 879 MINES AND MINING An Oil Well Fire That Burned Four Months ..... 3 Crigisnheapersunan’ Coal! 3.521 bssie2 nc ecco ecexcpare 18 A Miner’s Safety-Electric Lamp............... 28 Sle rniaio heal yee tar eck. 3-9 ied tase anr ata 79 Nature’s Horde of Solid Silver................. 87 A Piece of Salt That Weighs Two Hundred Tons... 179 Inspecting the Inside of the Earth.............. 232 the the Porty-INigers:. ... .,. ser. cvanorcl fangs, Valdoe « 267 MOTION PICTURES Avast Ormurol Order ss <= iia bo5 ries, visio. ma Sole ae 24 Five Thousand Dollars a Minute............... 64 Risking His Life to Make a Motion Picture Play.. 65 A Machine That Thinks Up Movie Plots........ 210 Motion Pictures on the Firing Line............. 231 Nanderine IMotion Pictures: 2... 55. 0... ee en. DOL Why Do Moving Pictures Seem So Life-Like?.... 386 Capturing Jamaica fora Film Play............. 396 An Automobile Dressing-Room ror a Motion Pic- PRL EMACELESR MM Maree cic corn Te alti oven Brake 54 Expense in Motion Picture Making............ 570 Mofion-Picture! Silhouettes... 3. 0. 2 sos t ee ce es 665 More Motion-Pictures in Color ................ 717 The Screen-Player’s Make-Up ................. 733 Hazards of Motion-Picture Acting: Real and Baked eer rcs: et cee deceke ees 885 MOTOR-TRUCKS Motor-Truck’s Energy Runs a Pipe-Threader.... 880 Motor-Trucks Take the Place of Horses...... 898-901 NAVAL ARCHITECTURE AND NAVAL SCIENCE Enlisted Men: The Navy's Foundation........ 171 Our Thirty-five Knot Battle Cruiser............ 186 PATENTS FOR SIMPLE INVENTIONS Readingnn Bed Made Pasys oc nlic.s scar sss ese 702 Finger-Ring to Be Used as a Pencil Holder...... 756 A Clothes Pin with a Sandow Grip............. 756 Keeping the Heat Out of Milk Cans...+........ 756 An Electric Whirlpool to Suck Flies to Their Doom 756 A Single-Service Shaving Brush................ 757 a neds the Big Shoe-Stand to the Little Boy.. 757 Finger-Holds for Your Slippery Bath-Tub....... 757 Does This Solve the Refilling Problem for Fountain erin ties era eee tet «TE Mota he Os ane 58 A Sled for awn-oprinklers.... 64-2 scien o> vs te 758 This Toothbrush Can Be Used Only Once....... 758 riisninct Away the: PACKS iii... c+ s00 05s saat «6 758 PHOTOGRAPHY It Looks Like a Telescope, but It’s Really a BOCA Ce ah) SIE SiG ici iene ee ae 225 Piauay, Dark-ropmiLamp . c.f. ks. e cs wee 263 Is This Actual Color Photography at Last?...... 417 Fun with Pictures of Your Friends ........... 529 Taking Photographs from a Skyrocket.......... 670 How to Make Spirit Photographs.............. 719 A Substitute for a Condenser When Making En- ho Gia 2 ee Ok pea er ee 763 A Device for Numbering Photographic Plates and SRNR Tae, a diy aiehe GRAY ahah ek Chale ae 52 Page Submitting Photographs for the London Exhibition 852 A Camera Which Can Be Tilted at Any Angle... 889 A Portable Dark-Room for Photographers...... 903 PRACTICAL WORKERS A‘Radinm Lightning Rodi: ..c 3. 34Gb ieee ees 123 ASGlue Scrapers. penstace mos oeteto he. qa ae Ac rior Ne An Emervency Pack maw)... 2<))s 2-18 eiise) sms = 124 Differential Gear for Home-Made Tractors and CGycle-Cars:=).c Hae woth, tome eae ae Nore 124 A Useful Home-Made Glue Brush.............. 124 AmiEdective Window Mock. ~ -iacs se ceme ses ees 125 (hosMakelomall: Spameie © oiic.s 0.0 pee) Seeesieieiee e 125 Fowito, Case Hardensixon: «<2 3castas st ates 125 Files and Tools from Switch Handles........... 125 A Handle for a Small Bit or Drill.............. 125 An Easily Made Marking Gage................ 125 Rlome-Viade Drillvieress:... «cree 6 oi iyrke te cerca ees 126 How to Get the Most from a Football.......... 126 (ABE lelpvin. Wireless tinge (cies Asia chc) Sropsie ol ee ele 126 Ground Detector for Three Wire Circuit........ 127 Ingenious Circuit Saves Money in Photoplay ROSES ya. cs. cre emda rcv ene ae tate cterel Nee sete (sis -ctors eb27 A Novel Medical Battery.......:....... baie RoR A Combined Triangle and Protractor........... 128 Agbrawine: Cuttenserr gees oles An areicts ae aces ere 23) Overhauling Your Car for the Winter..... Sas eee To Make a Work Bench and Vise.............. 139 A Sprinkling Can as a Dark Room Lamp... .. 140 AnvAdjnstablé: Arcwlamnpie tics esc sci 'sca = o8- 3. 313s .. 140 Alcoholebimener | Se yeiritcs. ne scr fie fn mee Ware be . 140 Adjustable Printing-Frame Holder.......... .. 140 Flow to Build antice Boatenick «= sees 06 a. s ars as 141 Flow, to. Draw amyEclpse ss itech nets ede cyorere nye 142 AyDporstep: Burclarni ilar). oo) vaio. «3s 2 142 AySunple aboratonysDuxuer. cp... 2)s\-< crete 279 Mat-Making for Photographers...........-.... 279 ShrockevA Dsarbers fn he wn nossa) p aiemeishs| «21a ofan 280 Key Controls Battery Current...........-..-. 281 Eliminates Pants’ Guards for Bicycle Riders.... 281 An Ingenious Electric Connector............... 282 Avpelfebighting Arc icightie.\:.: stsenci-- civ a 282 Bending Brass Tubes Without Kinking.......... 282 Enlarging Without Dividers.................. +202 How a Jack Knife Can Be Used as a Compass... 282 Airy squaresAids sce obi esjeis os) < Salsa aml 281 fravbrevent. Rist asectin cc csier vats 5) pate 282 Rinsing Photographic Negatives Without Running Water... eabnd.c boritercetae a cuits sic.< Maectehanrs 283 A Mysterious. Motor... . ee ea 444 Soldering German.oilver..i4;. . 2essie os) ake oe 792 sing Icein: Masonry. ih eceis: « » Bee ae 444 Non-Irritating Skin Cleanser.................-. 794 Whistle on Engine of Motor Boat.............. 444 Detachable Blades for Hatchets................ 813 How to Build an Aero Ice-Racer............... 445 Measuring Cloth in the Roll................... 827 An Emergency Drill Press A Handy Chuck for a Small Lathe . EAE 449 Adjustable Light-Holders for Factory Illumination eco 449 Paraffin Protects the Labels of Chemical Bottles.. 878 A Simple Gas-Pressure Regulator.............. 449 Oibsugithe Visiomalcathe..: . . . ic .eeee eee To Adjust a Laght-Cord: 355...;. - « ae 450 Slow-Setting Plaster of Paris....:.............. 887 The Thermos Bottle as a Stove =~ ee Boe 450 A Long-Handled Screwdriver.................. 910 Uglizing Empty Cartridges: 2... ...+: eee 450 Driving Screws in Inaccessible Places........... 918 Cutting-Braes sec. json ose. >. ee > re 7462 A Home-Made Ice-Mold................0....- 918 An Oil-Proof Cementsin s2.: = . «SS epee ae 508 How to Etch afWater-Set. . 2) aes pee eee 918 Sandpapermg Made Easy..2......205bes eee ea: 568 Making an Electric Lantern from a Flashlight... 918 A Method of Packing Barrels................. 568 Drilling Holes in Sheet Metal.................. 919 Deep ‘Genter-Punchiig*).32 @:..): ; : . See oe 586 Grinding:Out Dies **=.- 22). tee ee eee 919 A® Useful Gage+for’ Motonsts ..... .... Meteosat 597 A Home-Made Scalpel for Trappers............ 919 How Betsy Ross Made a Five-Pointed Star With How. to Make a Reamer’: 2.-14 oo aoe eee 919 BES EY pie. con Sap NN oie. = = ve by Re 597 A Hose Connection Guaranteed Water-Tight.... 920 Making and Usin = See Drill... . 2. 598 How to Mend a Broken Casting............... 920 Straightening Kinked Wire.................... 598 Silver-Plating ‘Glass'.¢. . .’. i. .eiteta ees. ta ae 920 How to Construct a alee Cyclecar Starter.... 599 How to Protect the Surface of a Laboratory Table 924 Removing Tires with a Clothes-Pin ............ 599 A Mission:S tains oo | ic. ...gr aa Ss > eee 92 Bunsen Burner and Blow-Torch Combined..... 600 A Cheap Beam-Compass..... Brass Tube Cleans File Teeth................. 600 Gazing the Stack Draft..4 4 Seen eee Cutting Glass Bottles and Tubes with Oil....... 600 A Safe Way of Bending Pipes A Coarse File for Soft Metals.................. 600 How to Make a Polariscope to be Used as a Micro- A. Trousers-Wasigerc. fos cee ess kee, ee 600 SCOPES sect ars pipeicteke Ste <). sche aes hy op ene tee 926 A Piece of Furniture of Many Uses............ 601 To:Stop!e Lathe: Gurckly” “soos eee oe 926 Washing Blueprints and Bromide Enlargements.. 601 Cutting MleareAny Angle’. he ae a ae 927 pave Fuel for Oil-Burmers........ - gee ast eee 602 A Substitute for a Soldering Iron............... 927 A Speedometer Light for Ford Cars........... 602 Taking -the Squeak Out of a sienes an eee 927 Driving Piles into Quicksand................. 602 Handling: Fine Screws)... 3 72. oe een ee 928 Making a: Kite-Camerats = co ooh. 2 ts ee 603 A Home-Made Thumb-Screw.................. 928 Turning Out Large Sheave Wheels Without a Lathe 604 How:toMake‘a Barometer Sop eet-b sl. .eeea 928 A TFwo-Jaw (Chucks. 222350 eae: «eee ee 605 Making a Long Distance Shot with a Shotgun... 928 How to Wind Springs Easily.................. 605 Ovling*Hammer:Handle. . .. gi3hewente-e ee oes 928 Using an Electric Iron as a Stove.............. 606 ow to Make a Leveling-Board............... 606 RADIO COMMUNICATION A~ Handy. “Drawer-CatehGnis. ...\. /. ae el ae 606 A> Paint, Brush, Hook.de¢2h< 2)... See ee ee 606 Impedance of Oscillation Circuits in Wireless To Bore Endwise in Wood. .... 050. 0224s .0cs> 606 Telegraphy: 3.05.2 0% . 3 eae eee Filtering ‘Mercury... >... 55.305 1 See ee 607 Recent Radio Inventions : #6)... . b5..5 dnb A Simple . Bit Gage. 6.2.20 5.8. See eee eee 607 A Multiple Point Switch . /.36ie-- 22. ..-- ieee Blackine’ Bex Inside (Brush: : 3). .) eee ee 607 Radio‘Stations in/Alaska . .3@te-+ se 1 eee Razor Blade Floor-Scraper...........2+-.---«- 607 Radio Club News” <... . {.2optessaee 2 age eee A@Novel Polishing Pad. =2...044 . ee eee 607 What Radio Readers Want to Know........... A Handy (Drawing “Table... 2 . >: .. geese 608 A New Aerial Supporter................ Acid Engraving on Steel in Your Own Hand- A Simple Change-Over Switch................ tat (4 eS cee SE 608 A. Gondenser's ‘Power... . . spereienn ee ae a Lighting Your Pipe in the Wind............... 608 Aeroplanes, Wireless and the War.............. Attachine an Index Plate... [-......>2eeeoaeeee 609 Duplex Wireless Telegraphy................... Av'Gandle Motors. te... .... bok. . Jae 609 Recent, Radio Inventions. epece. sss se. - -Gcene An Emergency Vise Repair..............-.--- 609 Crystal! Detector Hints..." SRRRB pr ar 2. o> 6)- «ue A Trick i Wig 24. ./30.258b.. 7 eee eee 609 Antenna Circuits in Radio Telegraphy An Electric Alarm Operated by a Clock...... . 610 Edison’s Railroad Wireless...................- Protecting Labels on Bottles 610 A Roof Insulator: ........ geese eGo = 5 eee Workbench Made from Old Piano............. 610 International Conference at Washington........ 305 A Library Paste Which Does Not Dry Up....... 610 Radio Has Velocity of Light.......:........... 305 Handling Small Bolts Easily.................. 610 The Static Coupled Receiving Tuner........... 306 Catching Rats: Wholesale.) ia0...< eee 611 A Mexican. Radio Station . i}... «=. sa aueeee 307 A News Stand and Blueprint Washer Combined. 611 KRadio'Glab News... ... ....geae o> aeee eee 308 Laying Out Angles with a Two-Foot Rule...... 612 A: Variable Condenser. .. . Sines ee eee 308 A Simple Way of Making Facsimile Rubber What Radio Readers Want to Know........... 309 = Gio abate bee lular svete laces) & LS USTIOD) a. whee ech icc oD CEG OETA ee 471 Bonts ae Steere Ree ces. . nee 58 Remco unine-Golls. ci) shee cele ce we cates 471 Gliding Boat for Tropical River Mail Service.... 74 What Radio Readers Want to Know............ 472 Saving Men from Scalding Steam in Steamship Money Prizes for Radio Articles............... 481 Eneine Rooms. ce nets He nee einen woes ws 254 An Undamped Wave Receiver............ es 613 Detecting Fires in the Holds of Trans-Atlantic The Tuning of Radio Telegraph Receivers...... 619 Perera arn ee oa co ee Ne ore ois, ts 257 How to Build the Mast for a Wireless.......... 623 Steamer Breaks Back in Storm................. 335 What Radio Readers Want to Know........... 627 A Submarine That Dived but Once ............ 391 How to Fit Cables Into Small Terminal Holes.... 762 The Unabashed Fish and the Noisy Motor Boat.. 393 Damping i Radio Circuits 5... ..22.60 5 ee 775 AMO reddnouchits Exticee mere el. ao tisisitas Sue ein a ce 404 A National Wireless Association................ 779 Floating a Sunken Warship on a Bubble of Air... 405 Lamp Resistance for Charging Storage Batteries.. 781 (ammes | hose Marbarieirates 7. tccisc ect ~ «oc 498 An Unusual Recording Receiver................ 782 AS Calling) sCompommpeten ss «8. os eee eee. 505 Mubalar Ouenched| Gap.) ti: v2... sis oee ee ee 782 Italians Build Highest Powered Motor Ship...... 541 Miele pnonesecenvers.): J... osc ene te len we oor 783 Breaking Storm Billows with Compressed Air ... 561 Mearnivipstnencodere: . cit). cece ete te ose 783 The Undependable Fog-Horn.................. 575 Magnetic Adjustment of Audion............... 783 Miniature Ships That Were Built to Prove a Point 580 An Electromagnetic Rectifier and a Polarized Relay 784 Reverses Tug’s Propeller Blades................ 663 Inexpensive Stranded Aerial Wire.............. 785 Exit the Mississippi Stern-Wheeler: Enter the Automatic Dead-End Switch)... :.....2.....-- 785 MiBtOr Ear ce aime Oe ardor ah chaqaie aie oe Pos 696 Audion of Increased Sensitiveness.............. 787 Making a Life-Saver of a Leak................. 700 Repairing a Burnt-Out Fuse................... 788 Using Triggers to Launch Uncle Sam's Battle-ships 703 Constructing a Variable Condenser............. 787 Making Your Own Boat Repairs Under Water. . 711 What Radio Readers Want to Know........... 790 Submarine Signaling with Sound Waves......... 712 Sharpness of Tuning in Radio..........:....... 935 Ancient Battleship Ideas Revived.............. 737 Cena Ie ELEUGER. cod ss bese ea ee ee 940 A New Way of Loading Steamers from Freight Cars 829 Preventing the Audion from Choking........... 943 Praigiypean biate Gap... 25 eee 943 SOUND RECORDING The Non-Synchronous Rotary Gap............. 944 AND TRANSMISSION Mirenched Gap ampines.. ticle. sess co cen ess 944 A Wireless Log for the Amateur................ 944 Edison’s Phonograph Diaphragm to Record Only Japanese Wireless Telephone.................. 947 argh SOUS) 2 Wa ries oie ote eres 5 ove. <, 10 Radio Lower at Lufts' College, 02. 5... .. 949 Selling by Show-Window Telephone............ 18 What Radio Readers Want to Know........... 950 A New Device for Recording Sounds........... 58 Hearing the Stones on a River's Bed............ 92 RAILWAYS WAR PROBLEMS IN AMERICA Locomotives Serve as Fire Eugines............. 8 Artificial Rainstorm Tests Car Roofs.......... 10 Konta thatviravel omieatls. a )op- 00-03. 3 le 323 Sidewalk Shelters for the Trolley Patrons of AMT orpedouwith yest iee steers osc a ctetle << cine 424 CORREO TE SI > aoe ean eb pei ei 10. |. Our Helpless Coast Defenses......./....-..--- 499 Telephoning from a Moving Train.............. 11 EieiplesstUmited tates tect esce so octkic seers oe 689 A Boy’s Wonderful Working Locomotive Model.. 25 Undersea Fighting of the Future............... 803 itheisteam Eneme in War. )3..ca2cees..ese sess 74 Motor Car Mows Railroad Weeds.............. 79 THE WAR AND ITS EFFECTS Publishing a Paper Aboard a Train............. 185 To Keep Automobiles Off Railroad Tracks...... 224 How War Mobilizes the Non-Combatant........ 812 she Size ofa Railway Station’. ....2--:262 2... 233 London War Affects Baby Carriages............ 812 New York Trains That Play Leap Frog.......... 245 imneisentlest Bululetose. sone. tate ts «os civ soe a 819 Process for Painting Cars Rapidly.............. 261 MiaLvelaia War Wap ieee ve © Meee 2 f= s e sone 828 oiehing Eggs from Swiftly-Moving Trains..... 343 vere dtr]... cues nis. sso si atele in 2 eB, Railroad Gate Warns and Stops Reckless Motorists 373 How the War Is Being Fought.............. 834-849 Baking a Railroad Car to Dry the Paint......... 423 Tamping Railroad Ballast with a New Air-Tool .. 536 WHAT'S NEW IN PATENTS Stopping the Speeder with a New Danger Sign .. 541 Not a Toy—A Real Locomotive............... 490 Erasing Attachment for Typewriters............ 105 Asleep on the Sleepers.............. 5 Bs Etech te. 688 Soda Fountain ina Suitcase.......... Se ee See ey How Fast Is Your Train Moving?.............. 693 A Finger-Knife for Egyptian Corn.............. 105 Burning Cars to Make Money................. HiAvetoiline the cafe: Blowerg -< 3-22 «<0 oss = = ee 111 How a Second-Hand Automobile Made a Railroad Bapy aiepottle Holdertie ce «ase caine od x x etme 158 | 7 Sipe ony oy ee See eae ttn oie Lat nt ee 732 Tool for Stripping Insulation..............-..-- 158 A Pire-Fichting’ Trolley'Car 0.0.5 62 ke 735 Electrically Lighted Pencil...............-.. . 158 A Scientifically Designed Train-Announcing Mega- Combined Door Bell and Mail Receiver......... 158 HUODE Sina eet el vis ee Tae Ten. Oe 741 AnmAgdto the Vetermary: oo te ccaaicia> sinc tivi sees 158 A Continuous Railway Crossing................ 746 A Room Stove Water Heater..............+++-:- 158 Pesiccesgtitl Railroadd)sciz3 =. sewtsj ss salen s ole virie 23 828 | Sanitary Kneading Board...........-.-.------ 159 Expensive Transportation..................... 890 Self-Feeding Soldering Irom... s.00e soso eee 159 A Traveling Laboratory for Testing Railway Scales 890 A‘Pad and Pencil Holder for the Telephone... .. 159 Holding tooth Brigitta. |. 0-4 >> ase nares 159 RECREATION Apparatus for Cleaning Hair Brushes........... 159 Combination Sad-Iron Heather and Cooking Curved Spring Device Returns Bowling Balls.... 813 Wreareil.; |... cece 0c ie een rene hha ent ane 159 Ice Skating in Summer Without Ice............ 908 Shoe Polishing Device... .. . stacbiclas #27) ea 160 Answers to Sam Loyd’s April and May Puz- Opening and Closing Garbage Cans with the Foot. 160 PAS ie ot Be SI i ee A Ene LTR 912-913 Purse'in. Palm: of Glove... 6. see exe op nese +. HOU Rater Making At iblome 7:).. 0. sberelecae cee 921 AntiSkidding Chain... oo x5 nantes ob eos 4 160 Pecampens Ditch Ovens. shrines aces each ces 934 Walking Stick Becomes a Seat............----: 160 F Meat-Holder Which Makes Slicing Easy ........ 160 ¥ ROAD BUILDING New Headlight Dimmer.) te. css ve ce ier ee os > 272 : Keeping Your Soles Warttiose vase <. rena 272 A Three Million Dollar Automobile Scenic Highway 56 Adjusting a Brush to Its Handle..............- 272 LSS Teo SET GE I ee ge 226 For Applying Chains to Wheels.........-...-.-- 272 An Automobile Road Sign and a Map Combined. . 229 Combined Egg-Tester and Mailing Tube........ 272 Applying Hot Road Material.................. 267 Clothes hack, Drverrr. cea cic t areas, os 272 a Blasting for Good Roads......-.........0.0008: 750 Combined Coat Hanger and Trousers Stretcher... 273 ae Bad Roads Make Bad Going.................. 829 | Making It Easy for the Birds..............--.. 273 x “Once Over” and the Road Is Done........... 876 A Simple Signal for Automobiles. ............++ 273 6: Saad a A) Rollinge’Glock? 22055 . och tcc tee ween A Bird-House That Can Be Cleaned lf You Only Gave asKope > occu «5s tee aa ie That Mathematical Short Cut................. Hotel Keys Which Take the Place of Call Boys... The Strength of a Stream of Water............. Parcel-Carrying Rack for Biewcle The World’s Largest Flagstaff . Converting an Old Boiler into a . Water Standpipe A Sensible Feeding Bag for Horses’. INDEX TO VOLUME 88 Page Keeping Shampoo Soap Out ot Yours arses 273 A Shaving Mug with a Soap Pump............. 273 Snapping the Snapping Turtle... 273 A Headlight Dimmer Operated from the Seat. 274 A Stepladder and Ironing Board............... 274 Increasing Your Grip on the Golf Club......... 274 It’s a Wise Man That Knows His Own Tooth SITING fee aon Serer e Es Geter occa 274 AsSopito Feminine. Vanity... «sac. 6 = sieye sus cele eee 274 Making Potato Chips by Machine.............. 274 MISCELLANY Sea Shells for Decorating Concrete. 9 The “Back Yard Limited’’.. . A Ses Oe 9 Lengthens Life of Rubber Gloves. aire we: 11 Shippinei hips in baskets oc. ....\- -..ceeee etre iae 17 A Pueblo Village for the Garden of the Gods.... 19 A Millinery Store on Water. ; : 24 How Savages Prepare Poisoned iN rows ee ee 25 aewo-¥ ear-Old (Bees vii aerate. ee en aeos 25 Your Feet are Wiped When You Enter Bohemian Bakeries fre 20e 22a be ncest » 311 eres 26 No 'Chance:to, Pass. This. Shop... ..... sas eee ose 32 An Illinois Community with Ideas in Street Mighitrags.-. aaa coos =.: «oh eee 32 Polite Sign Boards Bring Results............... 32 Artificial Sausage skinst |. ts). ..> «eee eise s/s) 32 AnIndian Weeding, Party. ...... .. -2cmieietepe c= hes 51 Curious Trades of Other Lands. 52 Fly Impaled by Spear of Grass.............-..-. 55 From (GCellar:to pidewallk.. © soc. b:)2:. Sgaeetete eter ohe le 66 AsGlockiNiade.oF OETAW. . alfa: cw Meee we ieiownene 66 Street Corner Directories that Tell You Everything 70 Where Men Are Still Cheaper Than Machinery.. 76 ANGoli Lee Fertilizer; (5st hte oe eit 88 A Real Sultan’s Strange Body-Guard........... 88 Building with Cobblestones.................... 102 Bottle Corks Made from Blood................ 107 Left-Handed Watches for Left-Handed People... 112 The Longest Letter in theaw orld... sees. wake eer 167 IB ovis Derek DORt. 6 66 sie siseitsa.0 cep ae seieiee 170 Fisho Dhatelravel on oand ss...) ccs. coinio ore, spatsiouene 177 Fossil Plants Twenty Million Years Olds eee. 178 The Latest Style in Handcuffs................. PANY Have You Eaten Your Cow?.............-200+- 211 AT ree.Captrures albencesc.. 1... aati verter 224 What Is the Best Shade Tree in the United States? 225 A Merry-Go-Round in the Water.............. 230 Forest Rangers Must Fight Snakes as Well as Fires 230 Making Butter by the Barrel.................. 230 How to Make Knots, Ties, Hitches and Bends... 235 Brushing Your Teeth; There Is a Right and a Wrong Was. fo stir tene ie sate aim agepeionema diate els is 2 236 A Revolution See aud Stop Watch Combined.. 246 Our Big Bird Seed Pil 3. oe. won areas 252 Making a Dancing Flecr Into a Skating Rink. 252 A Business Office in the Open Air.............. 253 An Ant Heap as a Look-out Station............ 256 Levine: in-aciree Stump crs. ois sc + os ceisler 256 How to Sit Straight and Be Comfortable....... 258 Three-Wheeled 'Rickshawa for Asia............ 260 Giant: Metal Shoevfece os ..cssva6. ameter. 261 AlSaw Thatistands: Upic 2.724... cee Oe 262 A Test for Baggage Smashers..... .\. ase eaaee oe 38 Circular Barn Built of Concrete...............-- 339 Piling Lumber in Forty-Foot Monumental Stacks 339 A Shell That Melted Money in a Ship’s Safe...... 40 The Largest Card Holder in the World.......... 341 ‘Vins Belt Breaks All) Records... 3. sees ees 341 A Gas Well Which Wasted $200,000 ............ 344 Why Can a Fly Walk Upside Down?........... 345 Wor, Razoriis’Lake.a’ ocythe.. ..... 50st 349 A‘Grvilized Man's Totem Tree, .. eee 564 A Sycamore Stump for a Lamp Post........... 568 Raising Goldfish by the Acre................ 25, 969 Waterinethe.Oyster..>: «2 ee ee ee 581 MasicsWhilesvou. Work: 2 octane ee eles 582 Army and Navy Clubs Please Notice.......... 582 A Motion-Study Stopwatch Which Does Its Own Computingsc< .\: seein sek ee 583 AcSuitease-onP Ww peels... :.....; ctr att ernie see eee 583 A Silo and Windmill Tower in One............. 584 Mark Your Golf-Ball with Your Initials ........ 588 Ay Medley ofsPuzzles... .. Seren a) eee 589 Hot-Water Bottle Fits the Back............... 539 How I Made $22.50 by Reading the Popular Science Monthly? ano.) .- ao Cia eee eee 641 An-Invisible Inle.>. 260... . Scare. sxcrtehe tee eee 644 What One Corporation Is Doing to Make Men of Boy Employees: .:.::.,.°.,:2e aaa fos eee 648 Catching Turtles as a Business................. 651 Why Logwood Is Worth $200 a Ton ........... 651 Llamas as' Powder-Garrierseic +: 151.20 he eee 656 Singing forthe: Phonograph. i.e e eee 659 Gasolineiin Bulk for Panamaeen 1 eee oe oo 660 (This'Gabi Simply. Gan't “impsOversace eee ee 660 Buying Telephone Poles by Weight............. 662 Gas Flows Back to the Earth... 2.2.03. ....05 662 A Nailless Chair Made by Good Soil, Fresh Air and Sunshine: 32 oc... . Sento, en eee 664 A Nautical/Porchiseat.. . aes 2). a eee 667 One Tree Grows Through Another.............. 688 Army-Pistol Shoots Colorsmeeate au... cee 694 AvOne=Pound' Diamond. Bigeasva.s.cs 1 a 694 Serving’ Food on. the Rungeen...+ . -- 1.2 eee 695 This Barn Bears a Lesson to Pacifists........... 697 “Quiere Leche Hoy?” :.. . oS as... s os ee 697 A Model of Joel Chandler Harris’ Old Homestead... 698 Washing Logs'for Safety Jat. . > 22s 699 dhe Shinele-Phonograph’75)5- 4 ice ee 714 Teaching Blind Men to Fence................. 715 Out-Periscoping the Periscope................- 716 Putting Speed in Telephone Directories......... 718 Punfying Iron.in:a: Vacuum ene eee 720 A Room Papered with Postage Stamps.......... 728 Soldering-Iron Has New Principle............... 728 Earrings That Denote Widowhood.............. 730 Canceling Checks with a Hammer and Anvil .... 739 Why Can’t We Make Diamonds. . 742 A Fiendish Plant Which Thrives on Cattle ...... 744 A Tree Which Serves as a Bridge.............. 747 A Medley of: Puzzles 52 fesse errr re ee arr 748 Mechanical Tops Which Puzzle ................ 754 Counting Up on Steel Fingers ................. 756 a = 5 - - ee INDEX TO VOLUME 88 XXII Page Page Mematorsend) Gomes by Mail): . 5.3... .2-24-0-5 -% 764 These Desert Mates Never Quarrel............. 851 Frying Eggs by Means of an Incandescent Bulb.. 770 This Gold Dredge Is a Glutton ................ 851 SarponeCapyitostal:Card... 2.26. 0<. ste es os 770 iliiwo New. Colossal Bridgess +4. .2..)25...- 20.0% 851 fupewer banquet at $25 a Plate..........5..2... 809 Wiky Does:avRifle Crack serene tok