CHILDREN'S BOOK £• COLLECTION
LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
PORTRAITS
CURIOUS CHARACTERS
LONDON, $c. $c.
DESCRIPTIVE AMD ENTERTAINING ANECDOTES,
4 There's none but has some fault ; and he's the best, ( Most perfect he, who's spotted with the least."
LONDON:
PRINTED BY AND FOR W. DARTON, 58, HOLBORN-HILL.
1814.
NATHANIEL BENTLEY, Esq.
Known ly the Name of Dirty Dick, Late a Hardware Merchant, in Leadenhall-street.
MR. BENTLEY resided at the corner of the avenue leading to the house formerly the Old
Nathaniel Bentley. 3
Crown Tavern, Leadenhall-street, not far from the East-India House.
The house and character of this eccentric in- dividual are so well described in a poem pub- lished in the European Magazine, for January 1801, that we shall transcribe it:
" Who but has seen (if he can see at all) 'Tvvixl Aldgate's well-known pump and LeaderihalJ, A curious hard-ware shop, in general full Of wares, from Birmingham and Pontipool ? Begrim'd with dirt, behold its ample front, With thirty years collected filth upon't. See festoon'd cobwebs pendent o'er the door, While boxes, bales, and trunks, are strew'd around the floor.
" Behold how whistling winds and driving rain Gain free admission at each broken pain, Save where the dingy tenant keeps them out \Vith urn or tray, knife-case, or dirty clout! Here snuffers, waiters, patent screws for corks; There castors, card-racks, cheese-trays, knives and forks: Here empty cases pil'd in heaps on high ; There pack-thread, papers, rope, in wild disorder lie.
" O say, thou enemy to soap and towels ! Hast no compassion lurking in thy bowels? Think what thy neighbours suffer by thy whim Of keeping self and house in such a trim ! The officers of health should view the scene, And put thy shop and thee in quarantine. Consider thou, in summer's ardent heat, When various means are tried to cool the street. What must each decent, neighbour suffer then From various vapours issuing from thy den.
** When fell Disease, with all her horrid train, Spreads her dark pinions o'er ill fated Spain,
A 2
4 Nathaniel Bentley.
That Britain may not witness such a scene, Behoves us doubly now to keep our dwellings clean.
«; Say, if, within the street where thou dost dwell, Each house were kept exactly like thy cell ; O, say, thou enemy to brooms and mops! How long thy neighbours could keep open shops. If, following thee in taste, each wretched elf, Unshav'd, unwash'd, and squalid like thyself, Resolv'd to live ? — The answer's very plain, One year would be the utmost of their reign: Victims to filth, each vot'ry soon would fall, And one grand jail-distemper kill them all.
" Persons there are, who say thou hast been seen (Some years ago) with hands and face wash'd clean; And, wouldst thou quit this most unseemly plan, Thou art ('tis said) a very comely man : Of polish'd language, partial to the fair, Then why not wash thy face and comb thy matted hair? Clear from thy house accumulated dirt, New paint the front, and wear a cleaner shirt."
Many are the reports concerning his civility, and polite manner of attending to the ladies •whenever they have honoured him with their commands ; and several curious persons have come to town from various parts of the country, on purpose to see so remarkable a figure.
Before the powder-tax was introduced, Na- thaniel frequently paid a shilling for dressing that head, which of late years he scarcely seemed to think worthy of a comb ! He mends his own clothes and washes his own linen, which he proudly acknowledges. His answer to a gen- tleman who wished to convert him to cleanli- ness, was, " It is of no use, Sir ; if I wash my
Nathaniel Bentley. 5
hands to-day, they will be dirty again to-mor- row." On being asked whether he kept a dog or cat to destroy rats, mice, &c. he replied, " No, Sir, they only make more dirt, and spoil more goods than any service they are of; but as to rats and mice, how can they live in my house, when I take care to leave them nothing to eat?" If asked why he does not take down his shutters which have been so long up, or why he does not put his goods in proper order, his answer is, " he has been long thinking of it, but he has not time."
With all Nathaniel Bentley 's eccentricities, it must be acknowledged, he is both intelligent and polite : like a diamond begrimed with dirt, which, though it may easily conceal its lustre in such a state, can easily recover its original polish — not a diamond indeed of the first water — not a rough diamond — but an unwashed dia- mond.
In his beauish days, his favourite suit was blue and silver, with his hair dressed in the extremity of fashion; but now — strange fancy — his hair frequently stands up like the quills of the por- cupine, and generally attended in his late shop without a coat, while his waistcoat, breeches, shirt, face, and hands, corresponded with the dirt of his warehouse.
A3
ANN SIGGS, Contrast to the Character last mentioned.
THOSE who are in the practice of walking the principal streets of this metropolis, leading from Bond-street to Cornhiil, must have been at- tracted by the daily appearance of Ann Siggs, a tall woman, walking apparently easy with crutches, and mostly dressed in white, sometimes wearing a jacket or spencer of green baize; yet
Ann Siggs. 7
always remarkably clean in her dress and ap- pearance.
It does not appear, however, that this female ranks very high among the remark ables9 having but very few eccentricities, and nothing very singular, except her dress and method of walk- ing. The great burthen of warm clothing which she always wears, is not from affectation, or a disposition to promote popular gaze, but from the necessity of guarding against the least cold, which she says always increases a rheumatic complaint with which she is afflicted.
When we consider the great number of beg- gars who daily perambulate London, and the violence they commit against decency, cleanli- ness, and delicate feelings, one naturally feels surprised they are so often the receivers of the generosity and bounty of the passing crowds; but independent of the commendable garb which adorns the interesting figure of Ann Siggs, we have repeatedly noticed another rare quality so very uncommon among the mendicant tribe, and that is, a silent and modest appeal to the considerate passenger, which almost involuntarily calls forth inquiry.
She is about fifty-six years of age, and is said to have a brother still living, an opulent trades- man on the Surrey side of the water ; she also had a sister living at Isleworth, who died some time since.
This mendicant receives from the parish of St. Michael, Cornhill, a weekly allowance, \vhich,
8 Martin Van ButchelL
with the benevolence of some well-disposed per- sons, probably adds considerably to her comforts,
" But cannot minister to the mind diseas'd."
It appears she has lived in Eden-court, Swal- low-street, upwards of fifteen years, the lonely occupant of a small back room, leaving it at 9 o'clock every morning to resume her daily walks.
Her father lived many years at Dorking, in Surrey, maintaining the character of an indus- trious, quiet, and honest man, by the trade of a taylor, and who having brought up a large family of eight children, died, leaving the present Ann Siggs destitute of parental protection at the age of eighteen ; and after many revolutions of bright and gloomy circumstances that have attended her during her humble perambulations, which the weakest minds are by no means calculated to endure, these have in some measure wrought upon her intellects. She is however perfectly innocent
MEMOIRS OF THE CELEBRATED
MARTIN VAN BUTCHELL,
Surgeon, Dentist, Kc.
OF MOUNT-STREET, BF.RKELEY-SQUARE.
The appellation of extraordinary may, indeed, well apply to this ingenious and whimsical man. All the remarkable eccentricities which have yet been the characteristic of any man, however cele-
Martin Van Butchell
brated, may all hide their diminished heads he- fore Martin Van Butchell. He is the morning star of the eccentric world; a man of uncom- mon merit and science, therefore the more won- derful from his curious singularities, his man- ners, and his appearance. Many persons make use of meaas to excite that attention which
10 Martin Van Butchell.
their merit did not deserve, and for the obtain- ing of credit which they never possessed. It appears, as an exception to these rules, that the singularities of Martin Van Butchell have tended more to obscure, than to exalt or display the sterling abilities which even the tongue of envy has never denied him.
The father of Martin Van Butchell was very well known in the reign of George II. ; being tapestry- maker to his majesty, with a salary of ^50 per annum attached to the office.
The education of the son was equal to the father's circumstances ; who lived in a large house, with extensive gardens, known by the name of the t: Crown House" in the parish of Lambeth, where several of the gentry occasion- ally lodged for the beauty of the situation and air; the son, who had many opportunities of improvement, by and through the distinguished persons who paid their visits at hisfather's house, was early taken notice of, and very soon pos- sessed a knowledge of the French language, and arrived at many accomplishments. He main- tained a good character, with a prepossessing address ; recommendations which induced Sir Thomas Robinson to solicit his acceptance to travel with his son, as a suitable companion, in a tour through Europe. This offer, it appears, was not accepted ; but in a short time after, he joined the family of the Viscountess Talbot; where, as groom of the chambers, he remained many years: t situation so lucrative as to enable him to leave
Martin Fan Butchell. 1 1
and pursue with vigour his endeared studies of mechanics, medicine, and anatomy.
The study of the human teeth accidentally took up his attention through the breaking of one of his own, and he engaged himself as pupil to the famous Dr. J. Hunter. The profession of dentist was the occasion of first introducing him to the notice of the public ; and so successful was he in this art, that for a complete set of teeth he has received the enormous * price of eighty guineas! We have heard of a lady who was dissatisfied with teeth for which she had paid him ten guineas ; upon which he voluntarily re- turned the money : scarcely had she slept upon the contemplation of this disappointment, before she returned, soliciting the set of teeth, which he had made her, as a favour, with an immediate tender of the money which she originally paid, and received them back again.
After many years successfully figuring as a den- tist, Martin Van Butchell became no less eminent as a maker of trusses for ruptured persons. A ph3*sician of eminence in Holland having heard of his skill in this practice, made a voyage for the purpose of consulting him, and was so success- fully treated, that, in return for the benefit re- ceived, he taught Martin Van Butchell the secret of curing fistulas ; which he has practised ever since in an astonishing and unrivalled manner.
The eccentricities of Martin now began to excite public notice ; upon his first wife's death, who, for the great affection he bore towards her, iie was at first determined never should be bu-
Ifc Martin Van Butchell.
ried ; after embalming the body, he kept her in her wedding clothes a considerable time, in the parlour of his own house, which occasioned the visits of a great number of the nobility and gen- try. It has been reported, that the resolution of kis keeping his wife unburied, was occasioned by a clause in the marriage settlement, disposing of certain property, while she remained above ground: we cannot decide how far this may be true, but she has been since buried. He has a propensity to every thing in direct opposition to other persons : he makes it a rule to dine by himself, and for his wife and children also to dine by themselves ; and it is his common cus- tom to call his children by whistling, and by no other way.
Next to his dress and the mode of wearing his beard, one of the first singularities which dis- tinguished him, was walking about London streets, with a large Otaheitan tooth or bone in his hand, fastened in a string to his wrist, in- tended to deter the boys from insulting him, as they very improperly were used to do, before his person and character were so well known.
Upon the front of his house, in Mount-street, he had painted the following puzzle :
HIS MAJESTY'S
Thus, said sneaking Jack, . speaking like himself,
I'll be first 5 if I get my money ,RO 1 dou*t care who suffers.
LETTERS PATENT,
MARTIN VAN BUTCH ELL's
Martin Van Butchell. 13
NEW INVENTED
With caustic care and old Phim
SPRING BANDS
AND FASTNINGS
Sometimes in Six Days, and always ten —
the fistulse in Ano.
THE APPAREL AND FURNITURE
July Sixth
OF
Licensed to deal in Perfumery, i. e.
HUMAN BEINGS Hydrophobfa cured ia thirty days,
BRUTE CREATURES
made of Milk and Honey.
which remained some years. In order a little to comprehend it : some years ago, he had a famous dun horse, but on some dispute with the stable- keeper, the horse was detained for the keep, and at last sold, by the ranger of Hyde-Park, at Tat- tersai's, where it fetched a very high price. This affair was the cause of a law-suit, and the reason why Martin Van Butchell interlined the curious notice in small gold letters, nearly at the top, as follows: — " Thus said sneaking Jack, speaking , like himself, I'll be first; if I get my money, I don't care who suffers."
After losing his favourite dun horse, a pur- chase was soon made of a small white poney, which he never suffers to be trimmed in any manner whatever; the shoes for it are always fluted to prevent slipping, and he will not suffer
14 Martin Van Butchell.
the creature to wear any other. His saddle is no less curious. He humorously paints the poney, sometimes all purple, often with purple spots, and with streaks and circles upon his face and hinder parts. He rides on this equi- page very frequently, especially on Sundays, in the Park and about the streets.
The curious appearance of him and his horse have a very striking effect, and always attracts the attention of the public. His beard has not been shaved or cut for fifteen years; his hat shallow and narrow brimmed, and now almost white with age, though originally black: his coat a kind of russet brown, which has been worn a number of years, with an old pair of boots in colour like his hat and about as old. His bridle is also exceedingly curious; to the head of it is fixed a blind, which, in case of taking fright or starting, can be dropped over the horse's eyes, and be drawn up again at pleasure.
Many have been the insults and rude attacks of the ignorant and vulgar mob, at different times, upon this extraordinary man; and in- stances have occurred of these personal attacks terminating seriously to the audacious offender. One man, we remember, had the extreme auda- city to take this venerable character by the beard; in return, he received a blow from the injured gentleman, with an umbrella, that had nearly broken a rib.
We shall now endeavour to exhibit his remark- able turn for singularity, by his writings, as pub-
Martin Van ButchelL 15
lished at different times in the public prints, and affording entertainment for the curious :
" Corresponding — Lads — Remember Judas :
And the year 80 ! Last Monday Morning, at 7 o'clock, Doctor Merry man, of Queen-street , May -f air ^ pre- sented Elizabeth, the wife of Martin Van Butchell, with her Fifth fine Boy, at his House in Mount Street, Grosvenor Square, and — they — are — all — well — . Post Master General for Ten Thousand Pounds ( — we mean Gentlemen's — Not a Penny less — ) I will soon con- struct—such M ail-Coach — Perch — Bolts as shall never break !
To many I refer — for my character: Each will have grace — to write his case ; soon as he is well — an history tell ; for the public good ; — to save human blood, as — all — true — folk — shou'd. Sharkish people may —
keep themselves away, Those that use me Hi — I
never can heal, being forbidden — to cast pearls to pigs; lest — they — turn — and — tear. Wisdom makes, dainty : patients come to me, with heavy guineas, — be- tween ten and one ; but — / — go — to — none."
Mender of Mankind ; in a manly way.
In another advertisement, he says :
" That your Majesty's Petitioner is a British Chris- tian Man, aged fifty-nine — with a comely beard — full eight inches long. That your Majesty's Petitioner was born in the County of Middlesex— brought up in the County of Surrey— and has never been out of the Kingdom of England. That your Majesty's Petitioner ( — about ten years ago — ) had often the high honour (—before your Majesty's Nobles—) of conversing with your Majesty ( — face to face — ) when we were hunting1 of the stag — on Windsor Forest."
16 John Statham.
" British Christian Lads ( — Behold— now is the day — of Salvation. Get understanding- , as the high- est gain. — ) Cease looking boyish ; -become quite manly! — (Girls are fond of hair: it is natural. — ) Let your beards grow long: that ye may be strong: — in mind — and body: as weie great grand dads: — Centuries ago ; when John did not owe — a single penny: more than—he -could — pay."
Many more equally whimsical advertisements might be selected, and many additional anec- dotes might be told of him ; but what we have here recorded concerning this complete original may be depended upon. Not one word of w:hich is contrary to truth.
PARTICULARS RELATING TO
JOHN STATHAM,
A REMARKABLE BLIND YOUNG MAN, Well known about the streets of London.
IT seems that this extraordinary character was born blind, about the year 176& Having been deprived of his father, whilst very young, he was taken care of by his father-in-law, a brass- founder; and, early in life, habituated to attend very constantly the public worship of the church of England; but it appears, the visits he then made to places of worship were more from the authority of his father-in-law, than from any relish he had for the benefit of assembling amongst religious people; on the contrary, he was averse to the practice of going to church,
John Statham.
17
and therefore it is not to be wondered at, that he should be found at length professing openly, by words and actions, similar dislike even to re- ligion itself. But his continuance in these sen- timents was suddenly changed, in accidentally meeting with the Countess of Huntingdon's Hymns, and the preaching of a gentleman at B3
18 John Statliam.
Spa Fields Chapel, so that he became more and more enraptured with the sublime doctrines of the Gospel ; and has ever since constantly at- tended upon the dissenting meetings. And though blind, he does not walk in darkness, like too many professing Christians, " who have eyes, but see not."
Those who have the use of their sight, and have been constantly resident in London, are not better acquainted with the town than poor Sta- tham. With astonishing precision, he finds his way, from street to street, and from house to house, supplying his customers with the various periodical publications that he carries ; and this only by the means of an extraordinary retentive memory. His constant companion being a stick, whereby lie feels his way. Such is his care and recollection, that he has never been known to lose himself.
Whilst living with his father-in-law, he paid great attention to the brass foundery business and still remembers the process of that art. On the death of his father- in -law, poor Statham be- came possessed of a very small freehold estate : the produce of which is, however, so trifling, that were it not for the occasional assistance of benevolent persons, and his little magazine walk, the wants of nature could not be supplied. He uses every exertion within his power to increase his weekly pittance ; but the cruelty exercised upon him by inconsiderate people has, at dif- ferent times, given him severe pain and bitter disappointment : the inhumanity we allude to, is
John Stalham. W
that of sending him orders for magazines to be ta- ken to places, several miles distant, which when purchased and conveyed to the fictitious place, he has been told, " No such books have been ordered, nor is there any one of that name lives here." Now if the persons so treating a poor defenceless man, only reflected a moment, at least they would forbear the shameful exercise of such wanton cruelty.
As we have hinted at the strength of his me- mory, we will now produce some facts to sub- stantiate the truth. Hecan repeat all the Church of England service, and a great part of the Old and New Testament; some particular portions of Scripture which he considers remarkably striking he delivers with peculiar emphasis; besides the recollection of Lady Huntingdon's Hymns. Eve- ry sermon he hears he will go over, when returned home, with astonishing precision.
Equal to his retentive memory is his ingenuity, possessing an extensive knowledge of metals, cop- per, tin, brass, pewter, &c. &c. He can like- wise tell if pinchbeck is or not a good mixture of copper and brass of equal proportion !
And no less remarkable is his retention of hear- ing: we remember upon a time, a person only having been once in his company, and after an absence of some months the same gentleman paid him. a second visit; poor Statham imme- diately looked to the spot from whence the voice proceeded, and having repeatedly turned his head, wiithout any further information, instantly addressed the gentleman he recollected.
20 Anne Longman.
It appears he is extremely fond of music, and what is called spiritual singing. His mode of living is always regular and frugal ; strong liquors, so much used by the poor of this country, are by him religiously abstained from. These cir- cumstances cause him to receive the advantages of a regular good state of health, and that cheer- fulness of mind and patience in suffering so very conspicuous in his character.
Since the above account was written, this unfortunate indi- vidual was found, by the road side, near Baeuigsje Wells, frozen to death, on Christmas morning-, December 25th, 1808, having lost his way in that memorably severe storm of frost and snowj of Christmas eve of that year.
ANNE LONGMAN,
SINGER AND MUSICIAN.
WE have now to take notice of a female who never fails to attract particular notice; she is mostly attended by a crowd : with the assistance of a musical instrument, called a guitar, she adds her own voice, which, combined with the in- strument, has a very pleasing effect.
A decent modesty is conspicuous in this per- son, more so than in any other we have ever wit- nessed following so humble a calling. She is wife to a soldier in the foot-guards, and lost her sight by suckling twin children, who are some- times writh her, conducted by a girl, who seems engaged to assist the family both at home and out of doors. Cleanliness, at all times the
Anne Longman.
Si-
nurse of health, is by nine-tenths of the poor of this land banished existence, as if it were matter of misery to be distinguished by a clean skin and with clean clothes; now this rarity, we speak of, is amply possessed by Anne Longman, and though not quite so conspicuous in this parti- cular as Ann Siggs, yet she lays strong claim to pity and charitable sympathy. It cannot be supposed that her husband, possessing only the salary arising from the situation of a private in
22 John and Robert Green.
the foot-guards, can support, without additional assistance, himself, his wife quite blind, and a family of four childrejuwithout encountering some severe trials and dimculties ; so that, upon the whole, it is a matter of satisfaction and plea- sure to find, that, incumbered as she is, some addition is made to their support through the innocent means of amusing the surrounding spec- tators by her melody.
JOHN AND ROBERT GREEN,
THE WANDERING MINSTRELS.
THESE pedestrians form a singular sight; twins in birth, and partners in misfortunes in life; they came into the world blind ; and blind are compelled to wade their way through a world of difficulties and troubles.
Though nothing very remarkable can be re- corded of them, yet there is something in their looks and manners that at least renders them conspicuous characters.
They are continually moving from village to village, from town to town, and from city to city, never omitting to call upon London, whe- ther outward or homeward bound. It is observ- able, however, they never play but one tune, which may account for their not stopping any
John and Robert Green. 23
length of time in one place. For upwards of twenty years they have always been seen to- gether.
John and Robert Green are visitors at most country fairs, particularly at the annual Statute Fair, held at Chipping Norton, which they never fail to attend ; and at this place, it appears, they were born.
When in London, they are always noticed with a guide ; and as soon as the old harmony
24 Tom and his Pigeons.
is finished, one takes hold of the skirt of the other's coat, and in that manner proceed until they again strike up the regular tune. We are inclined to think the charity bestowed upon them is not given as a retaining fee, but rather to get rid of a dissonance and a discord which, from continual repetition, becomes exceedingly dis- agreeable ; though in this manner they pick up a decent subsistence.
TOM AND HIS PIGEONS,
A noted Character,
ABOUT ST. PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD, &C.
THOMAS SUGD EN seems determined to distin- guish himself from the rest of his brethren, by carrying two pigeons upon his shoulders, and one upon his head ; healthy and fine birds continue so but a little time with him. He is the dirtiest among the dirty; and his feathered companions soon suffer from this disgusting propensity ; one week reduces their fine plumage and health to a level with the squalid and miserable appearance of their master, whose pockets very often contain the poor prisoners, to be ready to bring them forth at the first convenient stand he thinks it most to his advantage to occupy; and from this mode of conveyance are they indebted for broken feathers, dirt, &c.
Tom and his Pigeons.
1
Sugden, a native of Yorkshire, lost his sight in a dreadful storm, on board the Gregson merchant- man, Capt. Henley, commander : the particulars he sometimes relates, and attributes his misfor- tunes to an early neglect of parental admonition, when nothing but sea could serve his turn. He addresses his younger auditors upon this subject, and remonstrates with them on the advantage of obedience to their parents, c
ROGER SMITH.
ELEVATED as the belll-ringing tribe are above this humble creature, the correct manner of his ringing, with hand-bells, various peals and song tunes, would puzzle the judgments of a very large portion of regular-bred belfry idlers.
Numbers of persons have attended upon his performance, particularly when his self-con-
George Romondo. 27
strutted belfry was in existence, near Broad Wall, Lambeth, containing a peal of eight bells, from which he obtained a tolerable livelihood ; here he was soon disturbed, and obliged to quit, to make way for some building improvement. He has ever since exercised his art in most public places, on eight, ten, and sometimes twelve bells, for upwards of twenty-four years. He frequently accompanies the song tunes with his voice, add- ing considerably to the effect, though he has neither a finished nor powerful style of execu- tion. While he performs upon the hand-bells (which he does sitting), he wears a hairy cap, to which he fixes two bells ; two he holds in each hand ; one on each side, guided by a string connected with the arm; one on each knee; and one on each foot. It appeal's, he originally came from the city of Norwich, and was em- ployed as a weaver in that place some years, but, having (from a cold) received an injury to his sight, resigned his trade for the profession, which necessity now compels him to follow.
GEORGE ROMONDO,
IV-ell known for his imitative abilities
AND GROTESQUE APPEARANCE.
IT seems the important study of ass-braying, wild-boar grunting, and the cry of hungry pigs,
2$ George Romondo.
has engaged for some years the attention of this original. In addition to these harmonious and delightful sounds, another description of melody he successfully performs, which is on the trum- pet, French horn, drum, &c.
An Italian took a fancy to his wonderful inge- nuity, and had him imported into England. As an inducement to obtain George's consent to leave the city of Lisbon, in Portugal, the place of his
George Romondo. 29
nativity, he was most flatteringly assured of making his fortune.
Romondo took shipping for England, safely arrived in London early in the year 1800; and soon after commenced operations in a caravan drawn by horses, nearly resembling those used by the famous Pidcock, for the travelling of his wild beasts up and down the country. In this manner Romondo began making a tour of Eng- land, from fair to fair, under the style and title of " THE LITTLE MAN OF THE MOUNTAIN." He now became alternately pig, boar, and ass, for the Italian's profit, with an allowance of 2s. 6d. per day, for himself. It is natural to suppose such a speculation could not be attended with success; the event actually turned out so; and after some time it was given up, and our poor mountain hero left by this cunning Italian, to shift for himself.
He, however, soon after commenced opera- tions upon his -own account, and continues to this day to exercise his surprising talents !
He is about forty-three years of age, wears a cocked hat, drooping a prodigious length over his shoulders, completely in the fashion of a dustman or coalheaver, and with a coat ac- tually sweeping the ground. In height he is about three feet six inches; his legs and thighs appear like a pair of callipers ; he is said to be, in temper, very good natured ; and is very fond of the ladies, often kissing their elbows, which come exactly parallel with his lips, as he walks the streets of London; and in exchange, many c3
SO Toly.
a box on the ear has been received, with appa- rent good nature. At particular times, he is seen in his full dress, with a round fashionable hat, white cotton stockings, and red slippers.
TOBY,
A CONSPICUOUS NEGRO.
A frequent visitor about the streets of London.
FROM the unintelligible crying jargon this man utters, while supplicating charity, one would be induced to suppose him ignorant of the English language ; but he possesses, at least, as perfect a knowledge of it as most persons in his humble sphere.
The use of his own native language is of great advantage to him, in exciting the pity and fixing the attention of the passenger; and is, besides, a great inducement to many to extend their charity to this apparently distressed stranger. Indeed he exercises every art, and leaves no me- thod untried, to work upon the various disposi- tions of those he supplicates. Very often he will preach to the spectators gathered round him, presuming frequently to make mention of the name of Jesus; and, sometimes, he will amuse another sort of auditors with a song; and when legging, he always appears bent dou^
Toby.
ble, as if with excessive pain and fatigue. But here again is another deception and trick of a very shallow manufacture : for in the same day we have seen him, when outward-bound, in the morning, so bent double as with &fixed affliction ; but on his return home in the evening, after the business of the day is closed, this black Toby reverses his position, lays aside all his restraints, walks upright, and with as firm a step as the nature of his loss will allow, begins talking Eng-
32 Toby.
lish, and ceases preaching. To all appearance, a daily and universal miracle appears to be wrought; for scarcely are he and his jovial companions assembled together in one place and with one accord; or rather scarcely has liquor appeared upon the table, than the blind can see — the dumb speak — the deaf hear — and the lame walk ! Here, indeed, as Pope has said, one might
" See the "blind beggar dance, the cripple sing:"
Or, as he has neatly said upon a more solemn occasion,
" Hear the dumb sing ; the lame his crutch forego, " And leap, exulting, like the bounding roe."
To descend from the imitations of these poetic strains, we add, that to such assemblies*
* From some such meetings as these, we suppose the following circular club letter to have been issued :
" The company of all mumpers, cadjers, match-makers, dandelion-diggers, dragon-fogrum-gatherers, water-cress- fisherss and others, is earnestly requested, to-morrow even- ing, at the Old Blind Beak's Head, in Dyot-street, St. Giles's, at 9 o'clock precisely. As the house has been altered, the company will be accommodated with a large room up stairs; but those who are not really lame, are desired to leave their sticks and crutches at the bar, to prevent mischief. After the admission of new members, the president will give directions from the chair, for avoiding beadles and all other unlucky persons ; point
Totnj. 33'
as those just described, Toby is a visiting mem- ber, and is frequently called upon from the chair to amuse the company; and ns a beggars life is avowedly made up of extremes, from these midnight revels, he adjourns to a miserable two-penny lodging, where, with the regular return of the morning, as a carpenter pu.tteth on his apron, or as a trowel is taken into the hand of a bricklayer; even so Black Tob}^, laying aside all the freaks of the evening, again sallies forth in quest of those objects of credulity, that will ever be found in a population so extensive as that of this metropolis.
Toby was employed on board a merchantman, bound from Bermuda to Memel, and in the voy-- age, from the severity of the weather and change of climate, lost the whole of his toes in the passage. From Memel, he found his way to
out, for the benefit of country members, the best parts for strolling, the method of making artificial sores, &e.
" Mr. Nick Froth, the landlord, also informs his friends and customers,that,onaccountof the many evening lectures and methodist meetings, in the winter season, the club will meet an hour later than usual. He will also allow sprats to be broiled on the tap-room five, let. his boy fetch hogs' maws and sheeps' heads.— And that he likewise sends strong beer in white jugs or black tin pots (cut of a blind) to any of the stands, at a reasonable distance from his house.—
" N. B. A good stand to let, now occupied by a person who is under the necessity of going' into the Lock Hos- pital"
34 Sir John Dinely, Baronet.
England, on board the Lord Nelson privateer, and ever since has supported himself by the im- proper charity he receives from begging.
MEMOIRS OF THE FAMOUS
Sir JOHN DINELY, Baronet, One of the Knights of Windsor.
" Take him for all in all,
*' We ne'er shall look upon his like again."
SIR JOHN DINELY is descended from a very illustrious family, which continued to flourish in great repute in AVorcestershire, till the late centuiy, when they ex- pired in the person of Sir Edward Dinely, Knight.
The present heroic Sir John Dinely has, however, made his name conspicuous by stepping into a new road of fancy, by his poetic effusions, by his curious advertisements for a wife, and by the singularity of his dress and appearance.
Sir John now lives at Windsor, in one of the habi- tations appropriated to reduced gentlemen of his de- scription. His fortune he estimates at three hundred thousand pounds, if he could rccoier it !
In dress, Sir John is no changeling; for nearly twenty years past he has been the faithful resem- blance of the engraving accompanying this account. He is uncommonly loquacious, his conversation is overcharg-ed with egotism, and such a mixture of re- partee and evasion, as to excite doubts, in the minds of superficial observers, as to the reality of his character
Sir John Dinely> Baronet*
and abilities. With respect to his exterior, it is really laughable to observe him, when he is known to be going to some public place to exhibit his person ; he is then decked out with a full-bottomed wig-, a velvet embroidered waistcoat, satin breeches and silk stock- ings. On such occasions as these, not a little inflated with family pride, he seems to imagine himself a^ great as any lordling : but on the day following, he mviy be seen slowly pacing from the chandler's shop
':(j Sir John Dinely, Baronet.
with a penny loaf in one pocket^ a morsel of butter, a
quartern of sugar, and a three-farthing candle in the
other.
He is still receiving epistles in answer to his adver- tisements, and several whimsical interviews and ludi- crous adventures have occurred in consequence. He has, more; than once, paid his addresses to one of his own sex, dressed as a fine lady : at other times, when he has expected to see his fair enamorata at a window, he has been rudely saluted with the contents of very different compliments. One would suppose these ac- cidents would operate as a cooler, and allay in some degree the warmth of his passion. But our heroic veteran still triumphs over every obstacle, and the hey- day of his blood still beats high ; as may be seen by the following advertisement for a wife, in the Reading Mercury, May 24, 1802:
" Miss in her Teens — let not this sacred offer escape your eye. I now call all qualified ladies, marriageable, to chocolate ;>t ray house every day at your own hour. — With tears in my < yes, 1 must tell yon, that sound reason commands me to give you but one: month's notice befoie I part with my chance of an infant baronet for ever: for you may readily hear that three widows and old maids, all aged above fifty, near my door, are now pulling caps for me. Pray, my young charmers, give me a fair hearing*, do not let your avaricious guardians unjustly fright you with a false account of a forfeiture, but let the great Scwel and Rivet's opinions convince you to the contrary; and that I urn. uu\v in legal possession of these estates ; and with the spirit of an heroine command my three thousand pounds, and rank above half the. ladies in our imperial kingdom. By your ladyship\* directiKg a favourable line to me, Sir John Dinely, Baronet, at my house in Windsor Castle, your attor- ury will satisfy you, that, if 1 live but a month, eleven thou- sand pounds a year w ill be your ladyship's for ever."
Sir John does not forget to attend twice or thrice a year at Vauxhall and the theatres, according to ap- pointments in the most fashionable daily papers. He
*
The Polite Grocers of the Strand. 3?
parades the most conspicuous parts of Vauxhall, and is also seen in the front row of the pit in the theatres ; whenever it is known he is to be there, the house is sure, especially by the females, to be well attended. Of late, Sir John has added a piece of stay-tape to his wig, which passes under his chin; from this circum- stance, some persons might infer that he is rather chop- fallen ; an inference by no means fair, if we still con- sider the gay complexion of his advertisements and ad- dresses to the ladies.
PARTICULARS CONCERNING THE
POLITE GROCERS OF THE STRAND. " Brother John and I."
OUR engraving represents two singular characters, whose eccentric humour is well worthy of the attention of the curious. Messrs. AARON and JOHN TRIM are grocers, living at No. 449, Strand, nearly opposite to VillierVstreet ; at this shop curiosity would not be dis- appointed of the expected gratification, from the per- sonal appearance of the two gentlemen behind the counter, if there was nothing else to strike the at- tention. One of the gentlemen is so short, as fre- quently to be under the necessity of mounting the steps to serve his customers. And the shop itself displays no common spectacle : a dozen pair of scales are strewed from one end of the counter to the other, mingled with large lumps of sugar and various other articles; the floor is so completely piled with goods, one upon the
38 The Polite Grocers of the Strand.
other, and in all parts so covered that there is passage sufficient but for one person at a time to be served : and we believe there is no shop in the neighbourhood so much frequented, although there are a great many in the same business within two hundred yards of A. and ,T. Trim. Their shop is remarkable for selling is termed " a good article" These gentlemen
The Polite Grocers of the Strand. 39
exercise the greatest attention to their customers, and such good humour and urbanity of manners, as to be characterised the " POLITE GROCERS." They were born in the same house in which they now live, and have remained there ever since ; and where their father, a man well esteemed, died some years back, leaving the business to his sons, with considerable property.
The church of England never had more regular at- tenders upon -its ministry and forms of worship than in the persons of Messrs. Aaron and John Trim, whose at- tendance at the public worship, at St. Martin's, in the Strand, is as regular with them as the neglect and de- sertion is common by the generality of its members.
The whole of the business of the Polite Grocers is conducted by themselves, with now and then the as- sistance of a young woman, who appears principally to have the management of the Two-penny-post ; and from the extent of their trade, the smallness of their expenses, and their frugality, it is generally supposed they must be rich ; but though extremely talkative upon any other subject, yet on every point relating to themselves, and their private concerns, they very pro- perly maintain the most impenetrable closeness and reserve.
Abounding as this age does with so many temptations and examples of extravagance and waste, it requires no small portion of resolution to maintain a due observance of economy, to be kept from following the public cur- rent in its wasteful fashions and extravagant expenses. Now, that the Polite Grocers maintain this economy, cannot be doubted ; and which, in the present situation of things, must be considered no small virtue. Economy without penuriousness, liberality without prodigality !
D 2
40
AXX JOHNSON,
THE HOLBORN LACE-WEAVER, A conspicuous blind voman.
ANN JOHNSON is a poor industrious widow, cleanly, sober, and decent, inoffensive and honest, and quite blind. The engraved portrait of th s interesting figure may be depended upon for its faithful representation of the much-to-be-pitied original. She was born at
Ann 'Johnson. 41
Eaton, in Cheshire, on St. Andrew's day, old style, in the year 1743, was apprenticed to a ribband weaver at the early age of ten years, and was twenty four years old when she lost her sight, occasioned by a spotted fever.
Sitting exposed to the inclemency of hot and cold, of wet and dry weather, for upwards of six and twenty years, in the open streets of London, might naturally undermine a constitution the most vigorous and healthy. It certainly has considerably affected Ann Johnson, whose regular appearance, even in the bitterest days of winter, has been as uniform as the finest in summer, on Holborn-hill, upon the steps at the corner of Mar- maduke and Thomas Langdale's house, the distillers. Here she exhibits the expert manner in which she makes laces, attracting the notice of the considerate passenger ; she is rendered additionally interesting, by the cheerfulness of her conversation and the serenity of her countenance, using words, in effect, similar to the following beautiful lines :
" Are not the ravens daily fed by thee?
And wilt thou clothe the lilies, and not me? Begone distrust ! — I shall have clothes and bread, While lilies flourish, or the birds are fed."
She resides at No. 5, Church-lane, Bloomsbury, and has been an inhabitant of London upwards of thirty- eight years. We particularly recommend her to the considerate attention of every little girl or young wo- man, and, when they are in want of any laces, to think of Ann Johnson. — Such great industry deserves en- couragement.
D3
SAMUEL HORSEY,
A REMARKABLE MAN WITHOUT LEGS, Called the Sing of the Beggars,
SUCH as have seen this man in London (and there are very few that have not) \vill be instantly struck with the accuracy of the engraving!
He has literally rocked himself about London for upwards of nineteen years, with the help of a wooden seat, assisted by a short pair of crutches; and the faci- lity with which he moves is the more singular, when
Miss Theodora de Verdion 43
we consider he is very corpulent ; he appears to possess remarkably good health, aiid is about fifty-six years of age. In his life we have no great deal to notice, as wonderful or remarkable. His figure alone is what renders him a striking character; not striking for the height or bulk of his person, but for the mutilated singularity and diminutive size so conspicuously at- tracting when upon his move in the busiest parts of London streets ; in places that require considerable care, even for persons well mounted upon legs, and posr sessing a good knowledge in the art of walking, to get along without accidents ; but even here poor Samuel works his way, whilst buried, as it were, with the press of the crowd, in a manner very expeditious, and tolerably free from accidents, except being tumbled over now and then by people walking too much in haste.
Miss THEODORA DE VERDION,
commonly known by the name of
CHEVALIER JOHN THEODORA DE VERDION,
Who lived in London disguised as a man, a teacher of languages and a walking bookseller.
THIS singular woman was born in the year 1744, at Leipsic, in Germany, and died at her lodgings in Up- per Charles-street, Hatton-Garden, London, July 15, 1802. She was the only daughter of an architect, of the name of Grahn, who erected several edifices in the city of Berlin, particularly the church of St. Peter. She wrote an excellent hand, and had learned the ma- thematics, the French, Italian, aad English language*.
44 Miss Theodora de Ferdion.
and possessed a complete knowledge of her native tongue. Upon her arrival in England, she commenced teacher of the German language, under the name of Dr. John de Yerdion. In h'er exterior, she was ex- tremely grotesque, wearing a bag wig, a large cocked hat, three or four folio books under one arm, and an umbrella under the other, her pockets completely filled with smali volumes, and a stick in her right hand*
Miss Theodora de Verdion. 45
She had a good knowledge of English 4jooks ; many persons entertained her for her advice, relative to pur- chasing them. She obtained a comfortable subsistence from teaching and translating foreign languages, and by selling books chiefly in foreign literature. She taught the Duke of Portland the German language, and was always welcomed to his house ; the Prussian Ambassador to our court received from her a knowledge of the English language; and several distinguished noblemen she frequently visited to instruct them in the French tongue ; she also taught Edward Gibbon, the celebrated Roman historian, the German language, pre- vious to his visiting that country. This extraordinary female has never been known to have appeared in any other but the male dress since her arrival in England, where she remained upwards of thirty years ; and upon occasions she would attend at court, decked in very su- perb attire ; and was well remembered about the streets of London ; and particularly frequent in attending book auctions, and would buy to a large amount, sometimes a coach load, &c. Here her singular figure generally made her the jest of the company.
Her general purchase at these sales was odd vo- lumes ; which she used to carry to other booksellers, and endeavour to sell, or exchange for other books. She was also a considerable collector of medals and foreign ^coins of gold and silver ; but none of these were found after her decease. She frequented the Furnivars Inn coffee house, in Holborn, dining there almost every day ; she would have the first of every thing in season, and was as strenuous for a large quan- tity, as she was dainty in the quality of what she chose for her table. At times, it is well known, she could dispense with three pounds of solid meat ; and, we are sorry to say, she was much inclined to extravagant drinking1.
46 Miss Theodora de Verdivn.
The disorder of a cancer in her breast, occasioned by falling down stairs, she was, after much affliction, at length compelled to make known to a German physician, who prescribed for her; when the disorder turned to a dropsy, defied all cure, and finished the career of so remarkable a lady.
To foDow lovers, women there have been
Disguis'd as men, who've dar'd the martial scene j
Or, in pursuit of an inconstant swain,
Experienc'd all the dangers of the main.
Not so DE VERDION, for some other plan
She laid aside the woman for the man.
Perhaps she thought, that female garb and looks
111 spoke the gravity of German books;
That as a woman she could not pretend
To teach, translate, and literature to vend ;
That as a woman she could never be
A DOCTOR, since 'tis man takes that degree:
Who can deny that a lag wig denotes
More sense, more consequence, than petticoats f
And probably our hero-heroine knew
That otherwise her nostrums would not do !
But haply Prudence urgM this strange disguise,
(For in concealment modesty oft lies)
Assur'd she'd have to deal with wicked men,
She might have chose this metamorphose then,
And, as poor women always weak are thought,
Security from men's appearance sought ;
Then let not ridicule insult her name,
For who can tell but virtue was her aim;
That she disclaimed her sex through pious care,
And thus, ye fair ones, left a name that's^/oir;
For, nature's common frailties set aside,
She liv'd a Christian, and a Christian died;
Nor man nor woman by attire is known,
The PROOF OF ALL WILL BE THE HEART ALONE !
Daniel Lamlert.
47
DANIEL LAMBERT,
Aged Thirty-six Years.
THE astonishing weight of this man is fifty stone and upwards, being more than seven hundred pounds; the surprising circumference of his body is three yards four inches; his leg, one yard and an inch; and his
48 Daniel Lambert.
height, five feet eleven inches; and, though of this amazing size, entirely free from any corporeal defect.
This very remarkable personage received his birth in Leicester; at which place he was apprenticed to an engraver. Until he arrived at the age of twenty years, he was not of more than usual size, but after that pe- riod he began to increase in bulk, and has been gra- dually increasing, until within a few months of the present time. He was much accustomed to exercise in the early years of his life, and excelled in walking, riding and shooting; and more particularly devoted himself to field exercises, as he found himself inclined to corpulency; but, to the great astonishment of his acquaintance, it proved not only unavailing, but really seemed to produce a directly opposite effect. Mr. Lambert is in full possession of perfect health ; and whether sitting, lying, standing, or walking, is quite at his ease, and requires no more attendance than any common-sized person. He enjoys his night's repose, though he does not indulge himself in bed longer than the refreshment of sleep continues.
The following anecdote is related of him : — " Some time since, a man with adancirg bear going through the town of Leicester, one of Mr. Lambert's dogs tak- ing a dislike, to his shaggy appearance, made a violent attack upon the defenceless animal. Bruin's master did not fail to take the part of his companion, and, in his turn, began to belabour the dog. Lambert, being a witness of the fray, hastened with all possible expedi- tion from the seat or settle 'on which he made a prac- tice of sitting at his own door) to rescue his dog. At this moment the bear, turning round suddenly, threw down his unwieldy antagonist, who, from terror and his own weight, was absolutely unable to rise again, and with difficulty got rid of his formidable opponent." He is particularly abstemious with regard to diet,
Daniel Lambert. 49
and for nearly twelve years has not taken any liquor, either with or after his meals, but water alone. His manners are very pleasing ; he is well-inforrned, affable, and polite ; and having a manly countenance and pre- possessing1 address, he is exceedingly admired by those who have had the pleasure of conversing with him. His strength (it is worthy of observation) bears a near proportion to his wonderful appearance. About eight years ago, he carried more than four hundred weight and a half, as a trial of his ability, though quite un- accustomed to labour. His parents were not beyond the moderate size ; and his sisters, who are still living, are by no means unusually tall or large. A suit of clothes costs him twenty pounds, so great a quantity of materials are requisite for their completion,
It is reported, that among those who have recently seen him was a gentleman weighing twenty stone : he seemed to suffer much from his great size and weight. Mr. Lambert, on his departure, observed, that he would not (even were it possible) change situations with him for ten thousand pounds. He bears a most excellent character at his native town, which place he left, to the regret of many, on Saturday, April 4, 1806, for his first visit to London.
THE DEATH OF MR. LAMBERT! FROM THE STAMFORD PAPER,
Friday, June 23, 1809.
We have to announce the death of this celebrated man, which took place in this town at half past S o* clock on Wednesday morning last.
50 Daniel Lambert.
Mr. Lambert had travelled from Huntingdon hither in the early part of the week, intending to receive the visits of the curious who might attend the ensuing races. On Tuesday evening he sent a message to the office of this paper, requesting that, as " the mountain could not wait upon Mahomet, Mahomet would go to the moun- tain/' Or, in other words, that the printer would call upon him to receive an order for executing some hand- bills, announcing Mr. Lambert's arrival, and his desire to see company.
The orders he gave upon that occasion were de- livered without any presentiment that they were to be his last, and with his usual cheerfulness. He was in bed — one of large dimensions — (" Ossa upon Olympus, and Pelion upon Ossa") — fatigued with his journey; but anxious that the bills might be quickly printed, in order to his seeing company next morning.
Before nine o'clock on that morning, however, he tvas a corpse ! Nature had endured all the trespass she could admit: the poor man's corpulency had constantly increased, until, at the time we have men- tioned, the clogged machinery of life stood still, and the prodigy of Mammon was numbered with the dead.
He was in his 40th year ; and upon being weighed, within a few days, by the famous Caledon's balance, was found to be .52 stone 1 1 pounds in weight (I4lb. to the stone), which is 10 stone lllb. more than the great Mr. Bright, of Essex, ever weighed. — He had apart- ments at Mr. Berridge's, the Waggon and Horses, in St. Martin's, on the ground floor — for he had been long incapable of walking up stairs.
His coffin, in which there has been great difficulty of placing him, is 6 feet 4 inches long, 4 feet 4 inches iride, and 2 feet 4 inches deep ; the immense substance
Mary Jones. 51
of his legs makes it necessarily almost a square case. The celebrated sarcophagus of Alexander, viewed with so much admiration at the British Museum, would not nearly contain this immense sheer hulk.
The coffin, which consists of 112 superficial feet of elm, is built upon 2 axletrees and 4 cog wheels ; and upon these the remains of the poor man will be rolled into his grave ; which we understand is to be in the new burial-ground at the back of St. Martin's church. — A regular descent will be made by cutting away the earth slopingly for some distance — the win- dow and wall of the room in which he lies must be taken down to allow his exit. — He is to be buried at 8 o'clock this morning.
N. B. There is a very good coloured portrait of Daniel Lambert, published by W. DARTON, Holborn j with particulars concerning him. Price One Shilling.
MARY JONES,
COMMONLY CALLED
MAD MOLLY,
Well known about Clieapside, Newgate- Street, Holborn-Bridge9 fyc. fyc.
WHIMS wild and simple lead her from her home, 'Mongst London's alleys, streets, and lanes, to roam.
Mary Jones.
When morning wakes, none earlier rousM than she,
Pity she claims and kind humanity.
Affliction sad hath chas'd her hard,
Frailty her crime, and mis'ry her reward !
Her mind's serenity is lost and gone,
Her eyes grown languid, and she weeps alone.
And oft the gaily-passing- stranger stays
His well-tim'd steps, and takes a silent gaze ;
A well-known Carver. 53
Or hears repeated, as he passes nigh, One short, but simple word, " Good-by!" A beauty once she was in life's gay morn ; Fled now's her beauty, and she's left forlorn. Once was she happy, calm, and free, Now lives in woe, in rags, and misery. A revolution too hath taken place, In manners, actions, and grimace. Unlawful love has marr'd her former peace, Quick vanish 'd hope ; and left her comfortless ! She merits every kind protecting care : Of generous bounty let her have her share. Childish and trivial now are all her ways ; In peace, oh ! let her live; with comfort end her days.
A WELL-KNOWN CARVER,
IN FLEET-MARKET, ANNO 1806.
« HOT OR COLD."
Hot or cold, she carves away Ham and Beef all through the day ; Enough of work she's sure of finding, In stopping hunger or stomach lining. Through winter's cold, or summer's heat, Full is the shop whene'er we see't.
E3
A well-known Carver.
55
THE LIFE OF
JOHN ELWES, ESQ.
Member in three successive Parliaments for Berkshire.
MEGGOT was the family name of Mr. Elwes; and his name being John, the conjunction of Jack Meggot induced strangers to imagine sometimes thathis friends were addressing him by an assum- ed appellation. The father of Mr. Elwes was an eminent brewer; and his dwelling-house and offi- ces were situated in Southwark ; which borough was formerly represented in parliament by his grandfather. Sir George Meggot. During his life he purchased the estate now in possession of the family of the Calverts, at Marcham, in Berkshire. The father died when the late Mr. Elwes was only four years old; so that little of the singular cha- racter ot Mr. Elwes is to be attributed to him : but from the mother it may be traced with ease ; she was left nearly one hundred thousand pounds by her husband, and yet starved herself to death. The only children from the above marriage, were Mr. Elwes, and a daughter, who married the father of the late Colonel Timms; and from thence came the entail of some part of the pre- sent estate.
Mr. Elwes, at an early period of life, was sent to Westminster School, where he remained ten or twelve years. He certainly, during that time, had not misapplied his talents ; for he was a good clas- sical scholar to the last; and it is a circumstance yery remarkable, yet well authenticated, that he
56 The Life of John Elwes, Esq.
never read afterwards. Never, at any period of his future life, was he seen with a book ; nor had he in all his different houses left behind him two pounds worth of literary furniture. His know- ledge in accounts was little; and, in some mea- sure may account for his total ignorance as to his own concerns. The contemporaries of Mr. Elwes, at Westminster, were Mr. Worsley, late Master of the Board of Works, and the late Lord Mansfield; who, at that time, borrowed all that young Elwes would lend. His lordship, how- ever, afterwards changed his disposition.
Mr. Elwes from Westminster-School removed to Geneva, where he shortly after entered upon pursuits more congenial to his tern per than study. The riding-master of the academy had then three of the best horsemen in Europe for his pupils : Mr. Worsley, Mr. Elwes, and Sir Sidney Mea- dows. Elwes of the three was accounted the most desperate: the young horses were put into his hands always; and he was, in fact, the rough-rider of the other two. He was introduced, during this period, to Voltaire, whom, in point of appearance, he somewhat resembled ; but though he has often mentioned this circumstance, neither the genius, the fortune, nor the character, of Voltaire, ever seemed to strike him as worthy of envy.
Returning to England, after an absence of two or three years, he was to be introduced to his un- cle, the late Sir Harvey Elwes, who was then liv- ing at Stoke, in Suffolk, the most perfect picture of human penury perhaps that ever existed. In him the attempts of saving money was so extraor-
The Life of John Elwes, Esq. 57
dinary, that Mr. Elwes never quite reached them, even at the most covetous period of his life. To this Sir Harvey Elwes he was to be the heir, and of course it was policy to please him. On this account it was necessary, even in old Mr. Elwes, to masquerade a little ; and as he was at that time in the world, and its affairs, he dressed like other people. This would not have done for Sir Harvey. The nephew, therefore, used to stop at a little inn at Chelmsford, and begin to dress in character. A pair of small iron buckles, worsted stockings darned, a worn out old coat, and a tat- tered waistcoat, were put on; and forwards he rode to visit his uncle; who used to contemplate him with a kind of miserable satisfaction, and seemed pleased to find his heir bidding fair to rival him in the unaccountable pursuit of avarice. There they would sit — saving souls! — with a sin- gle stick upon the fire, and with one glass of wine, occasionally, betwixt them, inveighing against the extravagance of the times; and when evening shut in, they would immediately retire to rest — as going to bed saved candle-light.
To the whole of his uncle's property Mr. Elwes succeeded ; and it was imagined that his own was not at the time very inferior. He got, too, an ad- ditional seat; but he got it as it had been most re- ligiously delivered down for ages past: the furni- ture was most sacredly antique: not a room was painted, nor a window repaired: the beds above stairs were all in canopy and state, where the worms and moths held undisturbed possession ; and the roof of the house \vas inimitable for the climate of Italy.
5 8 The Life of John Elwes, Esq.
Mr. Elwes had now advanced beyond the for- tieth year of his age ; and for fifteen years previous to this period it was that he was known in all the fashionable circles of London. He had always a turn for play; and it was only late in life, and from paying always, and not always being paid, that he conceived disgust at the inclination.
The acquaintances which he had formed at Westminster-school, and at Geneva, together with his own large fortune, all conspired to In- troduce him into whatever society he liked best.
Mr. Elwes, on the death of his uncle, came to reside at Stoke, in Suffolk. Bad as was the man- sion-house he found here, he left one still worse behind him atMarcham, of which the late Colonel Timms, his nephew, used to mention the following proof. A few days after he went thither, a great quantity of rain falling in the night, he had not been long in bed before he found himself wet through ; and putting his hand out of the clothes, found the rain was dropping from the ceiling upon the bed. He got up and moved the bed ; but he had not lain long, before he found the same inconveniency continued. He got up again, and again the rain came down. At length after pushing the bed quite round the room, he re tired into a corner where the ceiling was better secured, and there he slept till morning. When he met his uncle at breakfast, he told him what had happened. "Ay! ay!" said the old man, seriously ; " I don't mind it myself; but to those that do, that's a nice corner in the rain."
Mr. Elwes, on coming into Suffolk, first began to keep fox-hounds ; and his stable of hunters, at
The Life of John Elwes, Esq. 59
that time, was said to be the best in the king- dom. Of the breed of his horses he was certain, because he bred them himself; and they were not broke in till they were six years old.
The keeping of fox-hounds was th e only instance in the whole life of Mr. Elwes of his ever sacri- ficing money to pleasure. But even here every thing was done in the most frugal manner. His huntsman had by no means an idle life of it. This famous lacquey might have fixed an epoch in the history of servants ; for, in a morning, getting up at four o'clock, he milked the cows. He then prepared breakfast for his master, or any friends he might have with him. Then slipping on a green coat, he hurried into the stable, saddled the horses, got the hounds out of the kennel, and away they went into the field. After the fatigues of hunting, he refreshed himself by rubbing down two or three horses as quickly as possible ; then running into the house, would lay the cloth and wait at dinner. Then hurrying again into the sta- ble to feed the horses ; diversified with an inter- lude of the cows again to milk, the dogs to feed, and eight horses to litter down for the night. "What may appear extraordinary, this man lived in his place for some years; though his master us- ed often to call him " an idle dog!" and say, " the rascal wanted to be paid for doing nothing."
An inn upon the road, and an apothecary's bill, were equal objects of aversion to Mr. Elwes. The words "give" and "pay" were not found in his vocabulary; and therefore, when he once re- ceived a very dangerous kick from one of his horses,
60 The Life of John Elwes, Esq.
who fell in going over a leap, nothing could per- suade him to have any assistance. He rode the chase through, with his leg cut to the bone ; and it was only some days afterwards, when it was feared an amputation would be necessary, that he consented to go up to London, and, dismal day! part with some money for advice.
The whole fox-hunting' establishment of Mr. Elwes, huntsman, dogs, and horses, did not cost him three hundred pounds a year !
AVhile he kept hounds, and which consumed a period of nearly fourteen years, Mr. Elwes almost totally resided at Stoke, in Suffolk. He sometimes made excursions to Newmarket ; but never enga- ged on the turf. A kindness, however which he performed there, should not pass into oblivion.
Lord Abingdon, who was slightly known to Mr. Elwes in Berkshire, had made a match for seven thousand pounds, which, it was supposed^ he would be obliged to forfeit, from an inability to produce the sum, though the odds were great- ly in his favour. Unasked, unsolicited, Mr. Elwes made him an offer of the money, which he accepted, and won his engagement.
On the day when this match was to be run, a clergyman had agreed to accompany Mr. Elwes to see the fate of it. They were to go, as was his cus- tom, on horseback, and were to set out at seven in the morning. Imagining they were to breakfast at Newmarket, the gentleman took no refreshment, and away they went. They reached Newmarket about eleven, and Mr. Elwes began to busy him- self in inquiries and conversation till twelve, when the match was decided in favour of Lord Abing-
The Life of John Elwes, Esq. 61
don. He then thought they should move off to the town, to take some breakfast; but old Elvves still continued riding about till three; and then four arrived. At which time the gentleman grew so impatient, that he mentioned something of the keen air of Newmarket Heath, and the comforts of a good dinner. "Very true," said old Elwes; "very true. So here, do as I do;" — offering him at the same time, from his great-coat pocket, a piece of an old crushed pancake, "which," he said, "he had brought from his house at Marcharn two months before — but that it was as good as new."
The sequel of the story was, that they did not reach home till nine in the evening, when the gentleman was so tired, that he gave up all re- freshment but rest ; and old Mr. Elwes, having hazarded seven thousand pounds in the morning, went happily to bed with the reflection — that he had saved three shillings.
He had brought with him his two sons out of Berkshire ; and certainly, if he liked any thing, it was these boys. But no money would he la- vish on their education; for he declared that " putting things into people's heads, was taking money out of their pockets."
From this mean, and almost ludicrous, desire of saving, no circumstance of tenderness or affec- tion, no sentiment of sorrow or compassion, could turn him aside. The more diminutive the object seemed, his attention grew the greater: and it ap- peared as if Providence had formed him in a mould that was miraculous, purposely to exemplify that trite saying Penny wise, and pound foolish.
62 The Life of John Elwes, Esq*
From the parsimonious manner in which Mr. Elwes now lived, (for he was fast following the footsteps of Sir Harvey,) and from the two large fortunes of which he was in possession, riches roll- ed in upon him like a torrent. But as he knew almost nothing of accounts, and never reduced his affairs to writing, he was obliged, in the disposal of his money, to trust much to memory; to the suggestions of other people still more ; hence eve- ry person who had a want or a scheme, with an apparent high interest — adventurer or honest, it signified not — all was prey to him ; and he swam about like the enormous pike, which, ever vora- cious and unsatisfied, catches at every thing, till it is itself caught! hence are to be reckoned vi- sions of distant property in America; phantoms of annuities on lives that could never pay; and bureaus filled with bonds of promising peers and members long dismembered of all property. Mr. Elwes lost in this manner full one hundred and fifty thousand pounds !
But what was got from him, was only obtained from his want of knowledge — by knowledge that was superior; and knaves and sharpers might have lived upon him, while poverty and honesty would have starved.
When this inordinate passion for saving did not interfere, there are upon record some kind offices, and very active services, undertaken by Mr. Elwes. He would go far and long to serve those who ap- plied to him : and give— however strange the word from him — give himself great trouble to be of use. These instances are gratifying to select — it is
The Life of John Elwes, Esq. 63
plucking the sweet-briar and the rose from the weeds that overspread the garden.
Mr Elwes, at this period, was passing — among his horses and hounds, some rural occupations, and hiscountry neighbours — thehappiest hours of his life — where he forgot, for a time, at least, that strange anxiety and continued irritation about his money, which might be called the insanity of sav- ing! But as his wealth was accumulating, many were kind enough to make applications to employ it for him. Some very obligingly would trouble him with nothing more than their simple lond : others offered him a scheme of great advantage, with " a small risk and a certain profit," which as certainly turned out to the reverse; and others proposed " tracts of land in America, and plans that were sure of success." But amidst these kind offers, the fruits of which Mr. Elwes long felt, and had to lament, some pecuniary accommodations, at a moderate interest, were not bestowed amiss, and enabled the borrowers to pursue industry into fortune, and form a settlement for life.
Mr. Elwes, from Mr. Meggot, his father, had inherited some property inLondon in houses; par- ticularly about the Haymarket, not far from which old Mr. Elwes drew his first breath ; being born in St. James's parish. To this property he began now to add, by engagements with one of the A dam's about building, which he increased from year to year to a very large extent. Great part of Mary- bone soon called him her founder. Portman Place, and Portman Square, the riding-houses and stables of the second troop of life-guards, and buildings
64 The Life of John £ lives, Esq.
too numerous to name, all rose out of his pocket; and had not the fatal American war kindly put a stop to his rage of raising houses, much of the property he then possessed would have been laid out in bricks and mortar.
The extent of his property in this way soon grew so great, that he became, from judicious cal- culation, his own insurer: and he stood to all his losses by conflagrations. He soon therefore be- came a philosopher upon fire: and, on a public- house belonging to him being consumed, he said, with great composure, " well, well, there is no
freat harm done. The tenant never paid me, and should not have got quit of him so quickly in any other way."
It was the custom of Mr. Elwes, whenever he went to London, to occupy any of his premises which might happen to be then vacant. He tra- velled in this manner from street to street ; and whenever any body chose to take the house where he was, he was instantly ready to move into any other. He was frequently an itinerant for a night's lodging; and thought master of above a hundred houses, he never wished to rest his head long in any he chose to call his own. A couple of beds, a coupie of chairs, a table, and an old woman, comprised all his furniture; and he moved them in about a minute's warning. Of all these move- ables, the old woman was the only one which gave him trouble ; for she was afflicted with a lameness, that made it difficult to get her about quite so fast as he chose. And then the colds she took were amazing; for sometimes she was in a small house
The Life of John Elwes, Esq. 65
in the Haymarket ; at another in a great house in Portland Place: sometimes in a little room, and a coal fire ; at other times with a few chips, which the carpenters had left, in rooms of most splendid, but frigid dimensions, and with a little oiled paper in the windows for glass,
Mr. Elwes had come to town in his usual way, and taken up his abode in one of his houses that was empty. Colonel Timms, who wished much to see him, by some accident, was informed his uncle was in London; but then how to find him was the difficulty. He inquired at all the usual places where it was probable he might he heard of. He went to Mr. Hoare's, his banker; to the Mount Coffee-house; but no tidings were to be heard of him. Not many days afterwards, however, he learnt, from a person whom he met accidentally, that they had seen Mr, Elwes going into an unin- habited house in Great Marlborough Street. This was some clue to Colonel Timais, and away he went thither. As the best mode of information, he got hold of a chairman; but no intelligence could he gain of a gentleman called Mr. Elwes. Colonel Timms then described his person — but no gentleman had been seen. A pot-boy, however, recollected, that he had seen a poor old man open- ing the door of the stable, and locking it after him, and from every description, it agreed with the per- son of old Mr. Elwes. Of course, Colonel Timms, went to the house. He knocked very loudly at the door; but no one answered. Some of the neighbours said they had seen such a man; but no answer could be obtained from the house. The F3
oVj The Life of John Elwes, Esq.
Colonel, on this, resolved to have the stable-door opened; which being done, they entered the house together. In the lower parts of it all was shut and silent; but, on ascending the stair-case, they heard the moans of a person seemingly in distress. They went to the chamber, and there, upon an old pallet-bed, lay stretched out, seemingly in the agonies of death the figure of old Mr. Elwes.
For some time he seemed insensible that any body was near him ; but on some cordials being admi- nistered by a neighbouring apothecary, who was sent for, he recovered enough to say, " That he had, he believed, been ill for two or three days,
The Life of John Elwes, Esq. 6? and that there was an old woman in the house ; but for some reason or other she had not been near him. That she had been ill herself; but that she had got well, he supposed, and was gone away."
They afterwards found the old woman — the companion of all his movements, and the partner of all his journeys — stretched out lifeless on a rug upon the floor, in one of the garrets. She had been dead, to all appearance, about two days.
Thus died the servant ; and thus would have died, but for a providential discovery of him by Colonel Timms, old Mr. Elwes, her master ! His mother, Mrs. Meggot, who possessed one hundred thousand pounds, starved herself to death ; and her son, who certainly was then worth half a million, nearly died in his own house for absolute want.
Mr. Elwes, however, was not a hard landlord, and his tenants lived easily under him : but if they wanted any repairs, they were always at liberty to do them for themselves ; for what may be styled the comforts of a house were unknown to him. What he allowed not himself it could scarcely be expected he would give to others.
He had resided about thirteen years in Suffolk, when the contest for Berkshire presented itself on the dissolution of parliament; and when, to pre- serve the peace of that county, he was nominated by Lord Craven. To this Mr. Elwes consented ; but on the special agreement, that he was to be brought in for nothing. All he did was dining at the ordinary at Abingdon ; and he got into parlia- ment for the moderate sum of eighteen-pence / Mr. Elwes was at this time nearly sixty years
68 The Life of John Elwes, Esq.
old, but was in possession of all his activity. Pre- paratory to his appearance on the boards of Sc. Stephen's Chapel, he used to attend constantly, during the races and other public meetings, all the great towns where his voters resided; and at the different assemblies he would dance with agility amongst the youngest to the last.
Mr. Elwes was chosen for Berkshire in three successive parliaments: and he sat as a member of the House of Commons above twelve years. It is to his honour, that, in every part of his con- duct, and in every vote he gave, he proved himself to be an independent country gentleman.
The honour of parliament made no alteration in the dress of Mr. Elwes: on the contrary, it seemed, at this time, to have attained additional meanness, and nearly to have reached that happy climax of poverty, which has, more than once, drawn on him the compassion of those who passed him in the street. For the Speaker's dinners, he had indeed one suit ; with which the Speaker, in the course of the session, became very familiar. The minister, likewise, was well acquainted with it : and at any dinner of opposition, still was his apparel the same. The wits of the minority used to say, " that they had full as much reason as the minister to be satisfied with Mr. Elwes — as he had the same habit with every body 1" At this period of his life, Mr. Elwes wore a wig. Much about that time, when his parliamentary life ceased, that wig was worn out : so then (being older and wiser as to expense) he wore his own hair ; which, like bis expenses, was very small.
The Life of John Elwes, Esq. 69
He retired voluntarily from a parliamentary life, and even took no leave of his constituents by an advertisement. But, though Mr. Elwes was now no longer a member of the House of Commons, yet, not with the venal herd of expectant placemen and pensioners, whose eyes too often view the House of Commons as another Royal Exchange, did Mr. Ehves retire into private life No ; he had fairly and honourably, attentively and long, done his duty there, and he had so done it without te fee or reward." In all his parliamentary life, he never asked or received a single favour ; and he never gave a vote, but he could solemnly have laid his hand upon his breast, and said, '* So help me God ! I believe I am doing what is for the best !"
Thus, duly honoured, shall the memory of a good man go to his grave : for, while it may be the painful duty of the biographer to present to the public the pitiable follies which may deform a cha- racter, but which must be given to render perfect the resemblance on those beauties which arise from the bad parts of the picture, who shall say, it is not a duty to expiate?
The model which Mr. Elwes left to future members may, perhaps, be looked on rather as a work to wonder at than to follow, even under the most virtuous of administrations. Mr. Elwes came into Parliament without expense, and he perform- ed his duty as a member would have done in the pure days of our constitution. What he had not bought, he never attempted to sell ; and he went forward in that straight and direct path, whichcan alone satisfy a reflecting and good mind. In one
TO The Life of John Elwes, Esq.
word, Mr. Elwes, as a public man, voted and act- ed in the House of Commons, as a man would do who felt there were people to live after him, who wished to deliver unmortgaged to his child- ren the public estate of government; and who felt, that if he suffered himself to become a pen- sioner on it, he thus far embarrassed his posterity, and injured their inheritance.
When his son was in the Guards, he was fre- quently in the habit of diningatthe officers' table there. The politeness of his manner rendered him generally agreeable, and in time he became ac- quainted with eveiy officer in the corps. Amongst the rest, was a gentleman of the name of Tempest, whose good humour was almost proverbial. A vacancy happening in a majority, it fell to this gentleman to purchase; but as money is not al- ways to be got upon landed property immediately, it wras imagined that some officer would have been obliged to purchase over his head. Old Mr. Elwes hearing of the circumstance, sent him the money the next morning, without asking any se- curity. He had seen Captain Tempest, and liked his manners; and he never once afterwards talked to him about the payment of it. But on the death of Captain Tempest, which happened shortly after, the money was replaced.
This was an act of liberality in Mr, Eiwes which ought to atone for many of his failings. But be -old the inequalities which so strongly mark this hiai.au being' Mr. Spurling, of Dynes-Hall, a ve: j> a. live and intelligent magistrate for the coun- ty oi Essex, was once requested by Mr. Elwes to
The Lift of John Elwes, Esq. 71
accompany him to Newmarket. It was a day in one of the spring meetings which was remarkably filled with races ; and they were out from six in themorningtill eighto'clock in the evening before they again set out for home. Mr. Elwes, in the usual way, would eat nothing; but Mr. Spurling was somewhat wiser, and went down to Newmar- ket. When they began their journey home, the evening was grown very dark and cold, and Mr. Spurling rode on somewhat quicker; but on go- ing through the turnpike by the Devil's Ditch, he heard Mr. Elwes calling to him with great eager- ness. On returning before he had paid , Mr. Elwes said, "Here! here! follow me — this is the best road!" In an instant he saw Mr. Elwes, as well as the night would permit, climbing his horse up the precipice of the ditch. " Sir," said Mr. Spurling, " I can never get up there.'* " No danger at all !" replied old Elwes : " but if your horse be not safe, lead him !" At length, with great difficulty, and with one of the horses falling, they mounted the ditch, and then, with not less toil got down on the other side. When they were safely landed on the plain, Mr. Spurling thanked heaven for their es- cape. " Ay," said old Elwes, " you mean from theturnpifce: very right; never pay a turnpike if you can avoid it!" In proceeding on their jour- ney, they came to a very narrow road : on which Mr. Elwes, notwithstanding the cold, went as slow as possible. On Mr. Spurling wishing to quicken their pace, old Elwes observed, that he was let- ting his horse feed on some hay that was hanging to the sides of the hedge. " Besides," added he, " it is nice hay, and you have it for nothing!"
72 The Life of John Elwes, Esq.
Thus, while endangering his neck to save the payment of a turnpike, and starving his horse tor a halfpenny-worth of hay, was he risking the sum of twenty-jive thousand pounds on some iron works across the Atlantic Ocean, and of which he knew nothing, either as to produce, prospect or situation.
In the advance of the season, his morning em- ployment was to pick up any stray chips, bones, orotber things, to carry to the fire, in his pocket; and he was one day surprised by a neighbouring gentleman in the act of pulling down, with some difficulty, a crow's nest, fcr this purpose.
The Life of John Elwes, Esq. 73
On the gentleman wondering why he gave himself this trouble,
" Oh, Sir/' replied he, " it is really a shame that these creatures should do so. Do but see what waste they make!"
To save, as he thought, the expense of going to a butcher, he would have a whole sheep killed, and so eat mutton to the— end of the chapter. When he occasionally had his river drawn, though sometimes horse-loads of small fish were taken, not one would he suffer to be thrown in again, for he observed, ff He should never see them more !" Game in the last state of putrefaction, and meat that walked about his plate, would he continue to eat, rather than have new things killed before the old provision was exhausted.
When any friends, who might occasionally be with him, were absent, he would carefully put out his own fire, and walk to the house of a neighbour; and thus make one fire serve both. His shoes he never would suffer to be cleaned, lest they should be worn out the sooner. But still, with all this self-denial — that penury of life to which the inha- bitant of an alms-house is not doomed — still did he think he was profuse ; and frequently said, <{ he must be a little more careful ot his property.' ' When he went to bed, he would put five or ten guineas into a bureau, and then, full of his money, after he had retired to rest, sometimes in the mid- dle of the night, he would come down to see if it was safe. The irritation of his mind was unceas- ing. He thought every body extravagant ; and when a person was talking to him one day of the
G
74 The Life of John Elwes, Esq.
great wealth of old Mr. Jennings, (who is sup- posed to be worth a million,} and that they had seen him that day in a new carriage, " Ay, ay," said old Elwes ; " he will soon see the end of his money !"
Mr. Elwes now denied himself every thing, except the common necessaries of life ; and, in- deed, it might have admitted a doubt, whether or not, if his manors, his fish-ponds, and grounds in his own hands, had not furnished a subsistence, where he had not any thing actually to buy, he would not, rather than have bought any thing, have starved. He one day, during this period, dined upon the remaining part of a moor-hen, which had been brought out of the river by a rat! and, at another, ate an undigested part of a pike, which a larger one had swallowed, but had not finished, and which was taken in this state in a net! At the time this last circumstance hap- pened, he discovered a strange kind of satisfac- tion ; for he said to Capt. Topham, who happened to be present, "Ay! this is killing two birds with one stone !" Mr. Eiwes, at this time, was perhaps worth nearly 800,0001. and at this period he had not made his will, of course was not saving from any sentiment of affection for any person.
As he had now vested the enormous savings of his property in the funds, he felt no diminu- tion of it.
Mr. Elwes passed the spring of 1786 alone, at his solitary house at Stoke ; and, had it not been for some little daily scheme of avarice, wtitild have passed it without one consolatory moment.
The Life of John Elwes, Esq. 7* His temper began to give way apace ; his thoughts unceasingly ran upon money! money! money! — and he saw no one but whom he ima- gined was deceiving and defrauding him.
As, in the day, he would not allow himself any fire, he went to bed as soon as day closed, to save candle ; and had begun to deny himself even the pleasure of sleeping in sheets. In short, he had now nearly brought to a climax the moral of his whole life — the perfect vanity of wealth !
On removing from Stoke, he \vent to his farm- house at Thaydon Hall; a scene of more ruin and desolation, if possible, than either of his houses in Suffolk or Berkshire. It stood alone, on the bor- ders of Epping Forest; and an old man and wo- man, his tenants, were the only persons with whom he could hold any converse. Here he fell ill ; and, as he would have no assistance, and had not even a servant, he lay, unattended, and almost forgotten, for nearly a fortnight — indulging, even in death, that avarice which malady could not subdue. It was at this period he began to think of making his will; feeling, perhaps, that his sons would not be entitled, by law, to any part of his property, should he die intestate : and, on coming to London, he made his last will and testament.
Mr. Elwes, shortly after executing his will, gave, by letter of attorney, the power of ma- naging, receiving, and paying all his monies, into the hands of Mr. Ingraham, his lawyer, and his youngest son, John Elwes, Esq. who had been his chief agents for some time.
Nor was the act by any means improper. The
76 The Life of John Elwes, Esq.
lapses of his memory had now become frequent and glaring. All recent occurrences he forgot en- tirely ; and as he never committed any thing to writing, the confusion he made was inexpressible. As an instance of this, the following anecdote may serve. He had one evening given a draft on Messrs. Hoares, his bankers, for twenty pounds; and having taken it into his head, during the night, that he had over-drawn his account, his anxiety was unceasing. He left his bed, and walking about his room with that little feverish, irritation that always distinguished him, waited with the utmost impatience till morning came, when, on going to his banker, with an apology for the great liberty he had taken, he was assured iherc was no occasion for his apology, as he happened to have in their hands, at that lime, the small sum of fourteen thousand seven hundred pounds !
Mr. Elwes passed the summer of 1788 at his house in Wei beck-Street, London, without any other society than that of two maid servants; for he had now given up the expense of keeping any male domestic. His chief employment used to be that of getting up early in the morning to visit his houses in Marybone, which during the summer were repairing. As he was there generally at four o'clock in the morning, he was of course on the spot before the workmen ; and he used content- edly to sit down on the steps before the door to scold them when they did come. The neighbours, who used to see him appear thus regularly every morning, and who concluded, from his apparel, he was one of the workmen, observed, " there never
The Life of John Elwes, Esq. 77
was so punctual a man as the old carpenter." During the whole morning he would continue to run up and down stairs, to see the men were not idle for an instant, with the same anxiety as if his whole happiness in life had been centred in the finishing this house, regardless of the greater pro- perty he had at stake in various places, and for ever employed in the minutiae only of affairs. Indeed, such was his anxiety about this house, the rent of which was not above fifty pounds a year, that it brought on a fever, which nearly cost him his life.
In the muscular and unincumbered frame of Mr. Elwes, there was every thing that promised extreme length of life ; and he lived to above seventy years of age without any natural disorder attack- ing him : but, as Lord Bacon has well observed, " the minds of some men are a lamp that is con- tinually burning ;" and such was the mind of Mr. Elwes. Removed from those occasional public avocations which had once engaged his attention, money was now his only thought. He rose upon money ; upon money he lay down to rest; and as his capacity sunk away from him by degrees, he dwindled from the real cares of his property into the puerile concealment of a few guineas. This little store he would carefully wrap up in various papers, and depositing them in different corners, would amuse himself with running from one to the other, to see whether they were all safe. Then forgetting, perhaps, where he had concealed some of them, he would become as seriously afflicted as a man might be who had lost all his property,
78 The Li/e of John Elwes, Esq.
Nor was the day alone thus spent: he would frequently rise in the middle of the night, and be heard walking about different parts of the house, looking after what he had thus hidden and forgotten.
It was at this period, and at seventy-six years old, or upwards, that Mr. Elwes began to feel, for the first time, some bodily infirmities from age. He now experienced occasional attacks from the gout : on which, with his usual perse- verance, and with all his accustomed antipathy to apothecaries, and their bills, he would set out to walk as far and as fast as he could. While he was engaged in this painful mode of cure, he frequently lost himself in the streets, the names of which he no longer remembered, and was as frequently brought home by some errand-boy, or stranger, of whom he had inquired his way. On these occasions he would bow and thank them, at the door, with great civility ; but never indulged them with a sight of the inside of the house.
During the winter of 1789, the last winter Mr. Elwes was fated to see, his memory visibly weakened every day; and, from his unceasing wish to save money, he now began to apprehend he should die in want of it Mr. Gibson had been appointed his builder in the room of Mr. Adam ; and one day, when this gentleman waited upon him, he said, with apparent concern, " Sir, pray consider in what a wretched state I am ; you see in what a good house I am living ; and here are five guineas, which is all I have at present ; and how I shall go on with such a sum of money,
The Life of John Elwes, Esq. 79
puzzles me to death — I dare say you thought I was rich ; now you see how it is !"
The first symptoms of more immediate decay, was his inability to enjoy his rest at night. Fre- quently would he be heard at midnight as if strug- gling with some one in his chamber, and crying out, " I will keep my money, I will ; nobody shall rob me of my property !" On any one of the family going into his room, he would start from his fever of anxiety, and, as if wakened from a troubled dream, again hurry into bed, and seem unconsci- ous of what had happened. At other times, when perfectly awake, he would walk to the spot where he had hidden his money, to see if it was safe.
In the autumn of 1789, his memory was gone entirely; his perception of things was decreasing very rapidly; and as the mind became unsettled, gusts of the mostviolent passion usurped the place of his former command of temper. For six weeks previous to his death, he would go to rest in his clothes, as perfectly dressed as during the day. He was one morning found fast asleep betwixt the sheets, with his shoes on his feet, his stick in his hand, and an old torn hat upon his head.
Mr. Elwes, on the 18th of November, 1 789, discovered signs of that utter and total weakness, which carried him to his grave in eight days. On the evening of the first day he was conveyed to bed — from which he rose no more. His appe- tite was gone. He had but a faint recollection of any thing about him ; and his last coherent words were addressed to his son, Mr. John Elwes, in hoping " he had left him what he wished,"
80 The Plying Pye-man.
On the morning of the 26th of November he
expired without a sigh !
Thus died Mr. Elwes, the most perfect model of human penury which has been presented to the public for a long series of years.
THE FLYING PYE-MAN.
THIS person is well known in the neighbour- hood of Fleet-market, daily making his appear- ance there as the vender of hot pudding and
Thomas Laugher. 81
pies. His actions and language are superior to the common way of those people who follow so humble a calling. His hair is mostly powdered, his dr^ss is extremely clean, and even genteel ; his tongue is constantly at work, and his voice strong. He moves ™ith astonishing rapidity, is followed by a crowd, and enjoys an extensive trade.
THOMAS LAUGHER,
Aged 109 Years.
THOMAS LAUGHER, supposed to be the oldest man now living in England, was baptized on the 6th of January (old style), in tiie ye r 1700, at Markly, Worcestershire: he no.v resl les (June the 20th, 1809,) .it the Park coftee-nouse, Worces- ter-street, South wa. ; ."iseqdently he is up- wards of 109 ye i • s his lather died at the age of 97, his mo- Lb 1 08, -uid his son at 80.
When King W «i' i.ujj yiiu. Queen Mary died, he was a little boy : hx- very <x-eii remembers Queen Anne going to fhe House of Peers, 1705, on horse- back, seated on a pillion, behind the Lord Chan- cellor. He says he was formerly a wholesale wine and brandy merchant in Tower-street, and that he lost, by the failure of the house of Neele, Fordyce
82 Thomas Laugher.
and James, Bartholomew-lane, the sum af ^198,000 ; and that the sudden loss of his pro- perty took such an effect upon him, that it struck him blind, and speechless, and caused quantities of skin to come from off his body. He was edu- cated at Christ's College, Oxford; and, after a residence of eleven years and a half at that place, he took a tour on the continent of Europe, and visited many parts of Turkey, in which he re- sided upwards of seven years.
He never drank strong beer, small beer, wine, or spirits, until he was above 53 years of age. His principal sustenance was tea, coffee, bread and spring water. He never ate any animal food whatever, nor butter, nor cheese. He recollects the quartern loaf at 2|d., primest meat at Id. per pound, and the best fresh butter at 2|d. per pound.
His grandmother died 141 years old, and she lived upon dry bread and cold pump water. This astonishing man, whose looks are truly venerable, is, to all appearance, strong and hearty, and seems likely to live many more years; and, for a man of his great age, can walk about extremely well. He rises mostly at 4 o'clock in the morning, takes a long walk before breakfast, and eats and drinks veiy sparingly, though he now lives upon animal food and beer, and but rarely, if ever, drinks any spirits, except for their proper use.
[Since the foregoing account was written, he has de- parted this life, in the year 1812.]
83
THE LIFE OF
DANIEL DANCER, ESQ.
Content it wealth, the riches of the mind, And happy he who can that treasure find; But the base miser starves amidst his store, Broods o'er his gold , and, griping still for more, Sits sadly pining, and believes he's poor.
DRYDEN.
IT is presumed by philosophers, that the most important study for the improvement of mankind is MAN; and this know ledge cannot be more pro- fitably acquired, than in perusing those true ex- amples of human life, recorded in the vicissitudes and incidents which biography presents impar- tially to the mind, with the direction of truth for their application to the purposes of our own lives and actions, for imitation or abhorrence.
In this view, however elevated or depressed the hero of the piece may be, some useful instruction may still be gained, as we find ourselves more or less interested in his transactions. In relating the splendid actions of ambitious heroes, little is of- fered that can be adopted or imitated by the most numerous class of society ; but in detailing the events concomitant with the most miserable penury, alesson is produced fraught with wisdom, the chief purport of which is to show in what esti- mation riches are in the eyes of God, who wisely • and equally condems to human distress, the mi- ser that scrapes, and the spendthrift that scatters,
'
Life of Mr. Dancer. 85
Avarice, the most degrading of all passions to the understanding, and the most deleterious to our happiness, exhibits a humiliating picture of hu- man nature, and most impressively illustrates the undeniable truth, that wealth cannot grant ease to its possessor; but, on the contrary, fills him with the most alarming fears for the safety of this imaginary good, and naturally suggests the most consolatory reflection to forbearing poverty ,whose unequal share in the distribution of wealth is more than counterbalanced by the comparison.
With this view is here presented to the public, the following exact particulars of the most re- markable instances of the misery which is ever attendant upon the mind cursed with the insanity of saving. It appears by the parish register, that Mr. Daniel Dancer was born in the year 1716, and was the eldest of four children, three sons and a daughter. His father lived on Harrow- Weald Common, near Harrow on the Hill, where he possessed property to a very considerable amount, and which his son, by the most determined and whimsical abstemiousness, increased to upwards of three thousand pounds per annum.
The years of his minority probably passed unnoticed, as nothing is recorded of him in his youth that might indicate the singularity and propensity to save, which so peculiarly distin- guished his maturer years ; but a detail of his actions is now offered to the world, as the most perfect examples of saving knoioledge, and how misery may be multiplied by self-denial, for the purpose of accumulating useless riches.
86 Life of Mr. Dancer.
Mr. Dancer, as before observed, had a sister, whose disposition to reserve perfectly accorded with his own; and, as they lived together many years, their stories are necessarily connected, and will furnish, in the sequel, the most melancholy and degrading instance of the infirmity and folly of human nature.
The daily appearance of this lady abroad, when it happened that necessity or condescension drew her out, exhibited the most perfect resemblance of one of the witches in former times : for it is certain, that had not philosophy, and the exten- sion of knowledge, long ago banished the belief in witchcraft, Miss Dancer had certainly been taken up by the witch-fmders,'and most probably burned for her acquaintance with poverty, which made her appear in such a questionable form, that even the sagacious Matthew Hopkins, witch- hunter to King James, might have mistaken this bundle of rags for a correspondent with familiar spirits ; for her appearance might, with j ustice, be pronounced not to be of this fashionable world.
Here accoutrements were usually a mixture of male with female paraphernalia, tied round with a raveling of hemp ; for even in this part of attire she studied how to make one cord last long by untwisting it to make it go farther ; and, thus equipped, she would sally forth, armed with a broomstick or pitchfork, to check the progress of such daring marauders as had the audacity to intrude upon her brother's grounds; on which occasion her neighbours observed she had more the appearance of a walking dunghill than one *f the fair sex.
Life of Mr. Dancer. 87
The miserable hovel in which this parsimonious and uniform pair took up their earthly residence was perfectly of a piece with themselves. Like Drake's ship, it had suffered so much by repair, and still wanted so much, that a bit of the ori- ginal building could scarcely be distinguished by the most diligent antiquarian; for there was not one article of moveables which can be mentioned, but had, at one time or another, been nailed to some part of the mansion, either to keep out the weather, or, which Mr. and Miss Dancer deemed more troublesome,theneihgbouring feline species, which, strange to declare, often ventured into this house of famine, lured, no doubt, by the inviting scent of the vermin within, some of which species often had the temerity to dispute the antiquity of their right of possession ; for it cannot be sup- posed that this saving pair could think of the extravagance of keeping a cat, who daily denied themselves the natural call of appetite.
A neighbour going in one day, found Mr. Dancer pulling some nails out of the sides of his bellows ; and, upon asking him the reason, he re- plied, that wanting some nails to fasten a piece of leather to a hole which time had effected in the boarding of the house, he thought he could spare some out of this useful piece of furniture, which would save buying; observing, that un- dertakers, trunk -makers, and bellows -makers, were the most extravagant and wasteful fellows in the world in their profusion of nails.
Miss Dancer's disposition exactly corresponded with his own ; and she lived, or rather vegetated, H 2
88 Life of Mr. Dancer.
in this delightful mansion, winter and summer, making each season ktep pace with her frugal maxims ; for out of a little she had learned to sparej as extravagance was in her opinion the most unpardonable fault.
The purpose of life is for refinement and im- provement in some pursuit or other. This cou- ple only lived to save money, therefore every action of theirs only tended to the accumula- tion of wealth ; and it was a long time before they had arrived at the summit of the ART of SAVING, by absolutely denying themselves re- gular repasts, however coarse in qualitv, or scanty in quantity; for they, for a series of years, lived as sumptuously as three pounds of sticking of beef, and fourteen hard dumplings, would allow for the short space of seven days ; and this supply, for years, served them week after week ; and though, during hot weather in summer, the meat might urge greater expedi- tion, and fresher supplies, yei they never were observed to relinquish their daily portion, with one cold dumpling and a draught if water. Half a bullock's head, with occasionally a few stale trotters, made broth for weeks ; and this was sometimes rendered more savoury by the addition of a few picked bones which he took up in his walks, and of which he daily deprived the dogs.
Their way of life suffered no variation ; one uniform application of the principle of saving pervaded every action of their lives, and was the constant object of every point of view. Their
Life of Mr. Dancer. 89
economical arrangements were constantly the same, save that, now and then, accident might throw something in their way, which might spare their weekly expenditure for three pounds of sticking. Mr. Dancer's constant and strict attention, in his walks about his grounds, some- times afforded him a piece of delicious viand, which the hand of more dainty and more extra- vagant appetite had thrown aside; not so much for the sake of variety, as for the nauseous in- crease of smell it had acquired ; which, ren- dering it unfit for its former owner, seemed, when picked up, to endear it the more to the parsimonious finder, who immediately calculated upon the saving it would produce to this thrifty pair in their weekly commons.
An uncommon instance of this kind occurred one summer's morning, which for many weeks discontinued the inquiries at the butcher's shop after the allowance of neck-beef; and, while it offered a change in their mode of living, gra- tified their darling avarice, and insatiable pro- pensity to save money. It happened one morn- ing, as Mr. Dancer was taking his usual walk upon the common, to pick up bones, sticks, or any bit of rag or other matter that might go towards repairing his clothes or his house, that he found a sheep, which had apparently died from natural disease, and most probably was in a putrid state. This was a rare prize for Mr. Dancer; and, incredible as it may appear, he took it up, and bore it home on his shoul- der in triumph to his sister, who received it as
Life of Mr. Dancer.
the immediate gift of heaven, to bless their poor souls with a change of food ; for they had not for years tasted any thing like it ; and now they were likely to feast for a great length of time uncon- trolled, and at no expense neither, which was the most delicate sauce that could accompany such a delicious morsel as carrion mutton to the appetite of a miser.
It was immediately skinned, and cut up, and the fat carefully laid aside, and an immense number of pies made of it, with proper season- ing; so that Mr. Dancer's house, for a while,
Life of Mr. Dancer. g i
resembled a Perigord pie-maker's shop, preparing to pack up for exportation. On these they feasted with their accustomed frugality for several weeks, until the whole were exhausted. It is even said that Miss Dancer importuned Mr. Dancer to send two handsome ones to Mr. James Taylor, the Borough usurer.
When a miser finds a treasure, he is sure to lock it up. Whether Mr. Dancer thought his sister extravagant in the indulgence of her sto- mach at the beginning of the pie-feast, or whether it was his pleasure at the thought of living at a small expense, or at the change of diet the pies supplied, he became unusually careful of them at last, and locked them up in one of his strong coffers. The truth of this, the following anecdote will illustratively supply. The neighhours one morning observing Miss Dancer rather lower spirited than usual, kindly inquired into the cause, when after some hesitation, she acknow- ledged, that her brother Daniel had scolded her for eating too much of the mutton pies, and told her she was very extravagant, which she observed, with tears in her eyes, was an exceed- ing hard case, as she loved to save as well as himself; but what vexed her more, he had locked them up in his strong trunk, in order to make them last longer, not trusting her with the key. Miss Dancer, upon the whole, seems to have been a very proper companion ;or her brother; for it would have been a difficult case to have matched him any where for saving- ness.
92 Life of Mr. Dancer.
This couple never manifested any predilec- tion for any mode of worship. Religion did not teach how to save money ; so that whenever Mr. Dancer happened to stray into a church or meeting, which happened sometimes, in his long walks, it was only for a little resc; and he was sure to depart before the collection was to be made, as he thought the gift of a penny was part- ing with the seed of a guinea, which might by little and little increase to an hundred. He might indeed be deemed a Predestinarian from the following circumstance ; but, as Mr. Locke observes, " Let ever so much probability hang on one side, and a covetous man's reasoning and money in the other, it is easy to foresee which will outweigh." It was during the last illness, which terminated his sister's life, that he was importuned to afford her some medical assistance ; to which he shrewdly replied, it would cost him money ; and, besides, continued he, ft Why should I waste my money in wickedly and wan- tonly trying to oppose the will of God? If the girl is come to her latter end, nothing can save her ; and all I may do will only tend to make me lose my money; and she may as well die now as at any other time. If I thought bleeding would recover her, I would open a vein myself; but I cannot think of paying for physic for dying people." The dread of incurring expence, and parting with his darling coin, was insurmount- able. Mr. Dancer's reasoning on the conduct of Providence, even tended towards his favourite penchant— SAVE MONEY.
Life of Mr. Dancer. 93
Perhaps never having felt the inconvenience of ill health, or, from that callosity of heart ever attendant upon the avaricious mind, he, at this period, allowed his sister, in her last exigency, but the usual portion of sticking of leef, with the cold hard dumpling; to which he added the miser's humanity, u If you don't like it, why, go without." But Mr. Dancer's deficiency of care was very amply supplied by the late lady Tempest, who afforded every attention and kind- ness necessary to the case of Miss Dancer. The latter was possessed of more than 20001. which she intended to leave Lady Tempest tor her ex- traordinary care of her in her last illness; but she, unfortunately for Lady Tempest, expired before she could sign a will in her favour ; and her property being thus left intestate, and at the disposition of the law, her two brothers wished equally to divide it with Mr. Dancer ; but to this proposal he would not agree, and obstinately refused to comply with any proposal they could make, insomuch that, after a long while perse- vering, and obstinately refusing to come to any agreement of participation, a law-suit followed, and Vir. Dancer recovered 10401. of his sister's f on tine, as the regular price of her board and lodging for thirty years, at thirty pounds per annum, and one hundred pounds for the last two years ; for this charge he declared to be very reasonable, as duing that time she had done no- thing but eat and lie in led The remainder of her fortune, after these extraordinary deductions, was equally divided between the two brothers and Mr. Dancer.
94 L\fe of Mr. Dancer.
Mr. Dancer's calculations for saving money were systematical and regular; nothing escaped his a'tention to that sole object of his soul ; and so rigid was his avarice, that he rarely washed his face or hands, because soap was dear, towels would wear out, and, besides, when dirty were expensive washing. However, to obviate the too great inconvenience of the accumulation of filth, he would, once in two or three weeks, in summer time, repair to a neighbouring pond, and there wash himself with sand, and afterwards lie on his back in the grass to dry his skin in the sunshine.
His wardrobe might very justly boast more sorts and colours, and more substances, than the paraphernalia of a strolling company of players. His stockings were so much darned, that it was difficult to discern what they were for patches ; for none of the original could ever be discovered; and in dirty 01 cold weather, they were strongly fortified with ropes of twisted hay, for which he had a happy talent. This contrivance served him for boots; and when he declined them, he could untwist them, and they served to increase the bulk of his bed.
For many years it was his opinion that every man ought to be his own cobler; and for this employ he had a lucky genius, which he indulg- ed so far as to keep by him the most necessary tools for mending shoes; but these, it must impartially be observed, cost him nothing ; for he had borrewed one at a time from different
Life of Mr. Dancer. 95
persons until he had possessed himself of a com- plete set, and with these he mended nis own shoes so admirably, that what he wore, by the frequent jobs and coverings they had received from his thrifty hands, had become so ponderous, that running a race in them would have been impracticable; and, besides, their dimensions were so much enlarged, that they resembled hog- troughs more than shoes. To keep these upon his feet, he took several yards of cord, which he twisted round his ancles in the manner the an- cient Romans wore their sandals.
Linen was a luxury to which, notwithstand- ing his avaricious disposition, he was not quite a stranger ; for at an early period of his saving career, he used to buy two shirts annually ; but for some years previous to his death, he never allowed himself more than one, for which he would constantly bestow at some old clothes shop two shillings and sixpence ; and was never but once known to go to so handsome a price as three shillings. After it had got into his possession, it never underwent the necessary operation either of washing or mending ; upon his back it was doomed to perpetual slavery until it fell off in rags. Hence it cannot be doubted, nor will it surprise the reader to be told, that, notwithstanding Mr. Dancer's pecu- liarity of disposition induced him to shun the world, he never was without a numerous retinue about him, whose lively spirit, and attachment to his person, made his acquaintance, as well as his neighbours, extremely cautious of approach- ing him.
96 Life of Mr. Dancer.
After his sister's death, a pair of sheets, as black as soot bags, were discovered upon the bed ; but these he would never suffer to be re- moved ; and when they were worn out, were never replaced ; so that after that time he relin- quished the use of linen to sleep in.
. He would not allow any one to make his bed, though Lady Tempest often solicited him to permit it ; and for many years his room was never swept. Towards the time of his death, it was observed to be filled with sticks, which he had stolen out of the different hedges. A considerable quantity of odd shapen gravel stones •were also found in a bag, but for what use these were intended is unknown.
The report of his riches, and the idea of its concealment about the house, once brought a troop of house-breakers, who very easily entered, and, without any search-warrant, rummaged every corner of the place ; but although this domiciliary visit cost the lives of some of them, they rook away but little property. Old Dan- cer had been long on his guard ; and his mode of hiding was so peculiar to himself, that the grand object of the thieves was never disco- verable by them. Mr. Dancer concealed his treasure where no one could ever think of seek- ing for it. Bank notes were usually deposited with the spiders; they were hid amongst the cobwebs in the cow-house; and guineas in holes in the chimney, and about the fire-place, covered with soot and ashes. Soon after the robbery, when the thieves were apprehended,
Life of Mr. Dancer. 97
and to be tried, it being very necessary that Mr. Dancer should attend the trial, Lady Tempest requested that in order to appear a little decent, he would change his shirt, and she would lend him a clean one. "No, no," he replied, "it is not necessary. The shirt I have on is quite new; I bought it only three weeks ago, and then it was clean.3'
His extreme love of money overcame every other consideration ; and to this idol, Mammon, he even sacrificed brotherly affection. From the evident want of this principle, and to his at- tachment to gain, may be accounted his strange behaviour, as before related, to his sister at her latter end. But in one singular instance, and to the canine species too, he seemed, in some measure, to forego his favourite idea of saving. This was a dog, of which he was extremely fond, and which he called by the familiar appel- lation of, Bob my child. His treatment of this animal affords an instance of that inconsistency of human acting, which philosophy seeks in vain to account for.
While his self-denial was so severe that he denied himself a penny loaf a day, and existed entirely upon Lady Tempest's pot liquor and scraps from her kitchen, of which he would cram so greedily, that he was frequently under the necessity of rolling himself upcwi the floor before he could go to sleep, he allowed this dog, he called Bob, a pint of milk daily ; and this he paid for as it was constantly supplied by a neigh-
98 Life of Mr. Dancer,
bouring farmer, when he had parted with his
farming stock, and had not one cow left.
Once upon a time a complaint being made to him that his dog Bob had worried some of his neighbour's sheep, he took the dog to a farrier's shop, and had all his teeth filed down.
For this barbarous action he never gave any reason; possibly it might be to prevent the like again ; as he might shrewdly guess, that any far- ther damage from his dog's mischievous manner might bring expenses upon him, as he was cer- tainly liable to be compelled to pay them.
Life of Mr. Dancer. 99
His sister being dead, and finding himself lonesome, he hired a man for his companion ; and in his choice he shewed much discernment ; for his man Griffiths was a proper counterpart of himself— both miserable alike. When they went out, they took different roads, though both followed the same occupation ; only that the servant indulged more taste for strong beer; a liquor which Mr. Dancer carefully avoided, as costing money ; but Griffiths would tipple a lit- tle, which was the cause of much altercation at night when these saving souls met. However, Griffiths generally came loaded with bones, some of which having some fragments of flesh on, served to heighten their repast, and quieted the master's impending storm. This fellow had, by as severe parsimony as that exercised by Mr. Dancer, contrived to accumulate 5001. out of wages which had never exceeded 101. per annum. At the time he lived with Mr. Dancer, he was upwards of sixty, and hired himself to him for eighteen pence a week. Every trait of so sin- gular a character is interesting. Mr. Dancer having occasion to come to London one day for the purpose of investing two thousand pounds in the funds, a gentleman, who did not know him, met him near the Royal Exchange, and mistaking him for a beggar, charitably slipped a penny into his hands. Jemmy Taylor, the Borough usurer, who stood by, was a little sur- prised; but Mr. Dancer seemed to understand the gentleman very well ; and observing to Tay- lor, every little helps, he pocketed the half- pence,, I 2
100 Life of Mr. Dancer.
and walked on. Perhaps he might consider this penny as the seed of a pound, to which it might attain by gentle gradations ; and as the human mind is always pleased with prospects of what it wishes, Mr. Dancer might contemplate this penny multiplying itself progressively, until it arrived at thousands; tor, as Lord Chesterfield observes, take care of the pence, and the pounds wiil take care of themselvts. In fact, the truth is, that wealth is at first acquired by very minute particles: small sums are the semina of great ones, and may very aptly be compared to seconds of time, which geneiate years, centuries, and even eternity itself.
Lady Tempest was the only person who had any influence over this unfortunate miser; and though she knew his fortune was at iasi to De- volve to her and Captain Holmes, yet she, with that gentleman, with the utmost solicitude, em- ployed every contrivance to make him partake of those conveniences and indulgences, which his fortune could supply, and which his advanc- ed years required; but ail their entreaties were without effect. " Where was he to get the mo- ney? How could he afford it? If it was not for some chariiuble assistance, how could he live ?" One day, however, this lady, with a greui deal of persuasion, prevailed upon him to purchase a hat, which he did at last, of a Jew, to? a shil- ling, having worn the one he then possessed up- wards of fourteen years; but yet it was too good in his eye to throw away. When Lady Tempest visited him the next time, she, to her
Life of Mr. Dancer. 101
great astonishment, perceived him still with his old hat on. On importuning him for the rea- son, he at last told her, that, after much solici- tation, he had prevailed on his OLD MA\T GRIF- FITHS to give him SIXPENCE protit upon the hat he had purchased, by her desire, of the Jew, a few days before.
To those who cannot exist without every convetiiency in life, and even without every artificial appendage to luxury, let them turn to this old miser, worth more than THREE THOU- SAND pounds per annum, who, for the sake of making that sum scill more, foregoes even that superlative comfort, a fire in winter time! Ye spendthrifts, read -.hi> anecdote and blush.
Mr. Dancer had arrived at his 7&th year be- fore he felt any serious cause of complaint to call in a d )ctor. His antipathy to the medical tribe has been already mentioned ; therefore it was in vain to advise him to take any medicine, even when there was a necessity for it.
During the illness which terminated this mi- serable man's misspent life, in the 78th year of his age, in the month of October 1/94, Lady Tempest accidentally called upon him, and found him lying in an old sack, which came up to his chin, and his head wrapped up in pieces of the same materials as big as a bee-hive. On her remonstrating against the impropriety of such, a situation, he observed, that being a very poor man, he could not afford better; and having come into the world without a shirt, he was de- termined to go out in the same manner.
102 Life of Mr. Dancer.
His opinion of the professors of physic was rather singular, and seemed to border upon pre- destination. To use his own language, the me- dical linkers were all a set of rogues; who, while they patched up one hole, always contriv- ed to make ten, for a better job ; but he allowed of the utility of surgery in repairing accidental fractures.
His prejudice against the whole tribe of law- yers was determined in the extreme. Indeed, his inveteracy was the result of strongly feeling the effects of their chicanery; and his aversion to this class of men was go great, that he would even forego his own interest to gratify his re- sentment, as the following anecdote will prove.
Having, as was usually his half yearly custom, agreed with an old clothes- wom^n for a shirt for half a crown, as he thought, the dealer called at his house, and left him one worth three- shil- lings; but for which he refused to pay any more than his original agreement of 2s. 6d. Notwithstanding the party urged the goodness and the fineness of the article, Mr. Dancer was impenetrable; and no more than the half-crown would he pay ; which the woman as perempto- rily refusing, at last applied to the court of Re- quests of the district, to which he was obliged to repair, although it cost him fivepence on the journey for bread and cheese, and the cost of hearing, &c. in all upwards of four shillings and sixpence. This had such an effect on Mr. Dancer's mind, that he ever afterwards held the lawyers in abhorrence ; for to give, or pay, were
Life of Mr. Dancer. 103
Hot to be found in his vocabulary. Addition and multiplication were his favourite rules, and usury was the foundation of his good deeds.
Though Mr- Dancer, by his spirit of covetous- ness, debased himself in this sordid manner, yet he kept a mare, for which he showed a great par- tiality ; but he never allowed her more than two shoes at one time, deeming it an unnecessary expense to shoe the hind feet of the animal ; and he used to say, it was more pleasant for a horse to feel the naked grass, than to be confined in unnatural shoes.
Mr. Dancer was the most perfect picture of human penury that perhaps ever existed, and the most singular character that ever lived; his habits were those of an hermit , and his extreme avarice rendered him as abstemious as any ascetic of the desert.
In this manner lived, and in this situation died, Daniel Dancer, Esquire, a monumental proof to the world, that the advantages of fortune, unless properly directed, will not make their possessor happy. Lady Tempest, it ought to be observed here, had but a very short enjoyment of the great accession of wealth she acquired by this miser's death ; for she contracted an illness during her attendance upon Mr. Dancer's last hours, that in a few months closed the period of her own life, which happened in January, 1795.
The house, or rather the heap of ruins, in which Mr. Dancer lived, and which, at his death, devolved to the right of Captain Holmes, was a most miserable decayed building, frightful and
104 Life of Mr. Dancer.
terrific in its outside appearance ; for it had not been repaired for more than half a century. But though poor in external appearance, the ruinous fabric was very rich in the interior. It took many weeks to explore its whole contents ; and Captain Holmes and Lady Tempest found it a very agreeoble task to dive into the miser's se- crets. One of the late Mr. Dancer's richest scrutoires was found to be a duiiij-heap in the cow-house; a sum little short of c£2500 was contained in this rich piece of manure ; and in an old jacket, carefully tied, and strongly nailed down to the manger, in bank-notes and gold» five hundred pounds more.
Several large bowls, filled with guineas, half- guineas, and quantities of silver, were discovered, at different times, in searching the corners of the house ; and various parcels of bank-notes stuffed under the covers of old chairs and cushions. In the stable the Captain found some jugs of dol- lars and shillings. It was observable, that Mr. Dancer used to visit this place in the dead of the night; but for what purpose even old Griffiths him- self could not guess ; but it is supposed, it was to rob one jug to add to a bowl which he had buried, and was nearly full, when taken up from under one of the hearth tiles.
The chimney was not left unsearched, and paid very well for the trouble ; for in nineteen different holes, all filled with soot, were found various sums of money, amounting together to more than 2001. Bank-notes to the value of 6001. were found doubled up in the bottom of an old
Life of Mr. Dancer. 105
tea-pot. Over these was a bit of paper, whim- sically inscribed, " Not to be too hastily looked over/'
Mr. Dancer's principal acquaintance, and the most congenial companion of his soul, was the penurious Jemmy Taylor, of the Borough of Southwark. This genius became acquainted with him accidentally at the Stock Exchange, where they chanced to meet to transact some money affairs: and they often visited each other after* wards; for it was a ceitain satisfaction to each. to edify by the other's experience. No doXb*" their conversation ran much upon refinements in hard living ; for Jemmy was as rigid an ascetic as tne ether, though he did not go quite in so beggarly a style.
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THE SCRIPTURE ALPHABET, by a Parent, for his Children ; illustrated with Twenty- seven En- gravings from Scripture. Price One Shilling.
MY REAL FRIEND ; or Incidents in Life, found- ed on Truth. With several Copper-plates. Price One Shilling.
THE ADVENTURES of the Celebrated little THOMAS DELLOW, who was stolen from his Pa- rents on the 18th of November, 1811, and restored to them on the 3d of January, 1812. Illustrated by Eight Characteristic Engravings. Price One Shilling.
LONDON ; a Descriptive Poem. Second Edition, corrected and illustrated with elegant Views on Cop. per-platts. Price One Shilling.
GRATEFUL TRIBUTES; or, Recollections of Infancy. By MARY BELSON, Author of Industry and Idlrnt-!*, &c. Price, with Plates, Eighteen-pence; or without Plates, Sixpence.
THE FIRST, or MOTHER'S CATECHISM ; containing Common Things necessary to be known at an Earl> Age. By the Rev. DAYID BLAIR. Price Nine-pence.
Improved Books for Children.'
THE FRENCH AND ENGLISH PRIMER; or, an Easy Vocabulary of Twelve Hundred Common Words for the Use of Children. By the ABBE BOSSUT. Price Nine. pence.
A TOUR THROUGH ENGLAND, described in a Series of Letters from a Young Gentleman to his Sister. With Copper.plates. Third Edition, revised, price Three Shillings
A VISIT TO LONDON, containing a Description of the principal Curiosities in the British Metropolis. With Six Copper-plates. Price Two Shillings and Sixpence.
A VISIT TO A FARM HOUSE; or, an Intro- duction to various Subjects connected with Rural Economy. Embellished with beautiful Plates. Price Two Shillings and Sixpence.
MARY AND HER CAT, a Tale for good Chil- dren, chiefly in Words of Two Syllables. Price One Shilling.
JUVENILE PLUTARCH, containing accounts of the Lives of Celebrated Children, and of the Infancy of Persons who have been illustrious* for their Virtues or Talents. Wiih Plates. Two vols. price 5s.
THE WONDERS OF THE MICROSCOPE; or, an Explanation of the Wisdom of the Creator, in ob- jects comparatively minute, adapted to the Under- standing of Young Persons, illustrated with Five large Copper-plates. Price Four Shillings and Sixpence.
THE WONDERS OF THE TELESCOPE; or, a Display of the Starry Heavens and of the System of the Universe : calculated to promote and simplify the Study of Astronomy. With Fourteen Plates. Price Six Shillings.
THE SPHINX; or, Allegorical Lozenges. By a Descendant of Cleobulina, an ancient Conposer of Bnigmas, &c. Price 9d»
Improved Booh for Children.
THE JUVENILE SPECTATOR; being Obser- vations on the Tempers, Manners, and Foibl<3 of va- rious Young Persons; interspersed with such lively Matter, as, it is presumed, will amuse as well as in- strutt By ARABELLA ARGUS. 2 Vols. 12mo, Price Four Shillings and Sixpence each Vol. bound.
THE WONDERS OF THE HORSE; recorded in Anecdotes, and interspersed with Poetry. By JO- SEPH TAYLOR, Author of " Tales of the Robin." Price 2s. 6d. half bound,
, THE MICE AND THEIR PIC NIC ; an allego- rical Tale, representing the Manners and Customs of the present age ; — in Contentment— a Fashionable Vi- sitor—High Breeding— the Effects of Fashion— the Epi- cure— an Invitation — a Consultation and Journey — a Season in London — Etiquette, &c. Price One Shilling coloured Plates, or Sixpence plain.
DIX'S JUVENILE ATLAS, containing Forty, four Maps, with plain directions for copying them ; designed for Junior Classes, 4to. half bound. Price 10s 6d. plain, or 14s. full coloured.
ON THE EDUCATION OF DAUGHTERS ; translated from the French of the ABBE FENELON, afterwards Archbishop of Cambray. 12mo. extra boaJils, price 2s. 6d. with a beautitul Frontispiece.
THE ADVENTURES AND CONVERSATIONS OF A MORNING ; intended to interest and instruct the Minds of Youth By ONESIPHORUS FRANKLEY. Price Eighteen. pent*.
INDUSTRY AN^ IDLENESS ; a Tale for Little Girls, in \\ords not exceeding two syllables. Price Is.
SIMPLE TRU'itib, in Verse; intended for the Amusement and Instruction of Children; price Is. 6d.
THE ORPHAN BOY; or, a Journey to Bath. Founded on Fact. By MARY BELSON. Price 2s, half bound.
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