UNIVERSITY OF B.C. LIBRARY 3 9424 05045 694 3 ♦I V ^i%; ^■>^'. ^ t-i^..:^N: PKOCESSlNG-ONi£ Lpl-Ul7C U.B.C. LIBRARY ^m -•■ ms3nt V "^ TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS 2 '5 a a> u 9i 3 O a> o w c M CO M O !H *3 a> Q fl a> 0) s? > u c o O ^ A Practical Handbook oF TREES SHRUBS VINES AND HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS V John Kirkcgaard formerly Assistant to Director of the Royal Botanical Oardcns Copenhagen, Denmark Latterly Twenty Years in American Forestry and Botanical Work. HARDY AND ORNAMENTAL VARIETIES THEIR CHARACTERISTICS, USES AND TREATMENT "Vhen ye hae naething else to do, ye may be aye sticking in a tree. It will be growing when ye're sleeping" SIR WALTER SCOTT PUBUSHED BY THE BULLARD COMPANY BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS W. B. CLARKE COMPANY. Distributor* 26-28 Tremont St , Boston, Mass. Copyrighted 1912 The Bullard Compawt Boston, Mass. The Blanchard Pret Worcester Mats. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Preface 9 Illustrations of Species 15-129 Planting Plans 130-139 Abbreviations 140 Glossary of Botanical Terms 140 Description and Classification of Species . . 142-356 When to Plant 357 How to Plant 358 Pruning 359 Outdoor Culture of Roses 361 Lawns and How to Make Them 365 The Insect Pests of Shade Trees and Shrubs . . . 369 Trees, Shrubs and Plants for Special Purposes . . 389 Plants Particularly Adapted for Rock Gardens . . 389 Plants for Bog Gardens or Good in Wet Places . . 390 A Few Good Hedge Plants 391 Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Fruit .... 392 Trees and Shrubs with Distinct Colored Leaves other than Green . 393 List of the Best Hardy Ferns 394 General Index 395 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of British Columbia Library http://www.archive.org/details/practicalhandboOOkirk PREFACE. )N THE preparation of this volume, the purpose continually in the mind of the author has been to afford a simple and con- venient reference book of the ornamental trees and plants hardy in this climate; simple, yet concise, a guide valu- able not only to the amateur, but to the busy architect, gardener or plantsman as well. Its form has been suggested by the needs encountered during a long period of private and commercial association with plants, when the material here set forth would at times have been most useful. It is as a reference book that it will take its place. Exhaustive descriptions, variations from type, and more technical matter must be sought among the horticultural encyclopaedias. In these pages, however, will be found general cultural information and directions sufficient for all ordinary requirements. When and how to plant, pruning, spraying and cultivation are each treated comprehensively. Propagation has not been touched upon, as it is a generally accepted fact that trees and plants, of sizes suitable for planting in their permanent places, can be more easily obtained from reliable nurserymen, and give, as a rule, better satisfaction to the amateur gardener. Trees, shrubs and plants have been classified according to their suitability for cer- tain purposes. Space is given to the making and proper care of lawns. The more common injurious insects are described, and means for their extermination are discussed. In short, the author has earnestly endeavored to include whatever information the average householder needs to enable him to make a selection of such trees and plants as are best adapted to his purposes, and to aid him in properly caring for the grounds about his home. Regarding the plants themselves, doubtless many omissions will be found from the more or less familiar sorts; but let it here be said that only such are included as have proved their worth under ordinarily favorable conditions of cultivation and climate. 10 A Practical Hand Book Authorities will be found who differ in many cases from the facts here presented, especially in regard to ultimate heights, times of flowering, and habits of growth ; but it must be remem- bered that plants are highly sensitive to environment, and that external influences, favorable or otherwise, determine their devel- opment. Here are tabulated the personal observations of the author as he has found the plants under average conditions. The indicated heights of the various shrubs, for instance, are such as they attain in well-kept border-plantings, rather than the maximum growth found in individual specimens planted singly. The beautifying of home grounds is rapidly becoming a habit among a great majority of our people. It is a habit happily encouraged by influences on every hand. By " home grounds ** is meant not alone the spacious surroundings of the suburban mansion, but equally the less extensive village '* lot " or city " back yard." Possibilities are ever present. Even a few square feet, given the necessary care, will support something that grows into beauty. An unsightly heap of stones, of promiscuous char- acter and lineage, may be transformed into a garden of plants whose character suits them to such forbidding surroundings. A few helpful suggestions may perhaps show the way to surprising improvement; and the satisfaction thus attained is a reward to be coveted. If the author has succeeded in so presenting such suggestions that they will prove of benefit to his readers, he will feel that his efforts have not been in vain. The botanical names given in this book are based upon the nomenclature accepted in Bailey's Cyclopedia of American Horticulture and the Index Kewensis. The popular names are those in most general usage. In the capitalization of the specific names the rules of the recent Botanical Congress of Vienna have been followed and only those specific names which are derived from the names of persons or those which have been used as generic names have been capitalized. Professor E. A. White and Dr. H. T. Fernald of the Mass. Agricultural College have rendered valuable assistance in the Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 11 preparation of this book. Prof. White's editorial work has been especially referable to correctness of nomenclature. Dr. Fernald's editorial work has been especially referable to the subject of ''Injurious Insects, Pests and their Treatment." To these gentlemen we extend our hearty thanks. The Authoiu I?- ILLUSTRATIONS With Botanical and Common Names. Characteristics, uses and treatment of the illustrated trees, shrubs, vines and herbaceous perennials may be found by reference to the botanical name of each in the regular classification tables. No attempt has been made to show merely pretty pictures, but to illustrate many of the uncommon or partially known species and varieties. i^ Picea Engelmanni Engelmanns Spruce Aquilegias Columbines Veronica longifolia var. subsessilis — Speedwell Pynis floribunda — Flowering Crabapple Hemlocks and Mountain Laurel Hibiscus syriacus fl. pi. Double Rose of Sharon Chionanthus virginica White Fringe Liatris pycnostachya -Blazing Star Dictamnus albus Gas Plant Shasta Daisies C 0) c Xi u 3 M >. a> G O X CO as X G o ex 0) u '5 o Tulips Osmunda regalis— Royal Ferns Berberis Thunbergii Hedge Fagus sylvatica var. pendula Weeping Beech Coreopsis lanceolata Tickseed Wistaria chinensis — Chinensis Wistaria An Avenue of Poplars Calycanthus floridus Carolina Allspice Juaiperus virginiana Red Cedar Syringa vulgaris var. alba White Lilac Clematis paniculata— Panicle-flowered Clematis Clethra alnifolia — Sweet Pepperbush Euonymus europaeus -European Spindle Tree Leucothoe catesbaei Leucothoe Lilies in the Herbaceous Border H ^'^ A ■ r>%^ /- * ^ :::^*^;-'l »> ■•• Catalpa speciosa Digitalis purpurea — Foxgloves C3 O Wl O Water Margin Planting Vine Effect with Dutchman's Pipe and Clematis paniculata Cypripedium spectabile — Showy Lady s Slipper A Border Planting of Foxgloves and Sweet-Williams Iris germanica German Iris Hibiscus moscheutos var. Crimson Eye — Crimson-eyed Hibiscus Fagus sylvatica var. heterophylla -Fern-leaved Beech a •a a o m O I Rosa Baltimore Belle and Eulalia gracillimus 0) c cd pq 3 c CU u X o to a o S Ul O {X4 o 02 c4 > u '2 o 0) r' B u 01 a o u a 0) o t3 a 0) a> n > < 3 O o Xi 0) K •o c OS (A us a> •o i-i o PQ a; X < ^9r 75 0) u o pq 3 O n CO o c a> CO C oi O. a ■«-> o "5, > B (/} o ♦J c a> 6 o B 3 C Wi 3 ea to c Wi >» c O 03 (A c O «-> 0) O O c o o o a bJO 0) a 3 o d 0) c 3 o o c b£ OS o 0) o 3 3 no c u ID e c CO u C 6 < 3 E c i > j^-, .JL^^i^' F-Er/40Cr v^lCpCrV^^^UK vScole o >5 /o zo ^o r^e.est PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN NUMBER ONE. list No. of No. Planta 1 290 Berheris Thunbergii. Japanese Barberries. Or Ligustrum ovali^ folium. California Privets, to be planted 1 foot apart. 2 9 Populus nigra var. italica. Lombardy Poplars. 3 25 Althaa rosea. Hollyhocks, to be planted 1 foot apart. 4 4 Vines as follows:] \ Lonicera japonica var. Halliana. Hall's Honeysuckle. 1 Clematis paniculata. Panicle-flowered Clematis. 1 Ampelopsis quinquefolia. Virginia Creeper. 1 Lycium halimifolium. Matrimony Vine. 5 7 Vines as follows: 1 Wistaria chinensis. Chinese Wistaria. 1 Tecoma radicans. Trumpet Honeysuckle. 1 Clematis Jackmanni. Jackman's Hybrid Clematis. 1 Actinidia polygama. Japanese Actinida. 1 Dorothy Perkins Rose. 1 Crimson Rambler Rose. 1 Aristolochia macrophylla. Dutchman's Pipe, Early ripening Grapes. Spircsa bumalda, var. A. Waterer. Anthony Waterer Spirsea. Cydonia japonica, Japanese Quince. Hydrangea paniculata. Fall-flowering Hydrangea. Lespedeza bicolor. Bush Clover. Forsythia suspensa var. fortunei. Drooping Golden Bell. Kerria japonica. Shrubby Globe-flower. Rosa rugosa. Japanese Rose. Spircea Thunbergii. Thunberg's Spiraea. Stephanandra fiexuosa. Stephanandra. Ligustrum ibota. Japanese Privet. Hydrangea paniculata var. grandiflora. Large-flowered Fall Hydrangea. Calycanthus floridus. Carolina Allspice. Lonicera tatarica. Tartarian Honeysuckle. Elceagnus longipes. Oleaster. Diervilla florida. Weigelia. Prunus japonica. Flowering Almond. Myrica cerifera. Bay-berry. Rosa rugosa var. alba. White Japanese Rose. Amorpha fruticosa. False Indigo. Philadelphus Coronarius. Sweet-scented Syringa. Syringa vulgaris and persica. Various varieties. Mixed Lilacs. Spircea japonica var. alba. White-flowcrcd Japanese Spiraea. Viburnum opulus. Mountain Cranberry. Spircsa prunifolium. Bridal Wreath. Spircea bracteata. Round-leaved Spiraea. 6 2 7 8 8 6 9 5 10 5 11 7 12 6 13 5 14 7 15 7 16 6 17 8 18 5 19 6 20 7 21 5 22 7 23 4 24 5 25 10 26 9 27 8 28 4 29 8 80 6 11 6 132 A Practical Hand Book Samhucus nigra var. aurea. Golden-leaved Elder. Ribes alpinum. Alpine or Mountain Currant. Euonymus alatus. Winged Burning-bush. Spircea Thunhergii. Thunberg's Spiraea. Acanthopanax pentaphylla. Five-leaved Aralia. Acanthopanax pentaphylla. Five-leaved Aralia. Prairie Roses. Forsythia suspensa. Drooping Golden Bell. Viburnum tomentosum var. plicatum. Japanese Snowball. Rhodotypus kerrioides. White Kerria. Deutzia scabra crenata. Rough-leaved Deutzia. Rhus cotinus. Smoke-bush. Chionanthus virginica. White Fringe. Cornus alba. Red-barked Ozier. Catalpa speciosa. Southern Catalpa. Picea alba. White Spruce. Apple Tree. Picea pungens. Blue Spruce. Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea Riversi. Rivers' Purple Beech. Betula alba var. pendula laciniata. Cut-leaved Birch. Best Hybrid Perpetual Roses. Hardy Asters. '; Achillce ptarmica var. The Pearl. Coreopsis lanceolata. Lance-leaved Tickseed. Sedum spectabile. Showy Sedum. Scarlet Phlox paniculata. Panicled Hardy Phlox. Delphiniums. Various species. Perennial Larkspurs. Pceonia officinalis. Paeonias. White Phlox paniculata. Veronica longifolia var. subsessilis. Speedwell. Chrysantheum leucanthemum var. hybrida. Shasta Daisies. Aquilegia chrysantha and various species of tall Columbines. Tall Columbines. Tulips, Narcissuses, Hyacinths, Scillas and Snowdrops may be planted among shrubs and near edge of beds. list ~ . No. of No. I c Plants 32 ^. 6 33 4 34 5 35 3 36 5 37 5 38 6 39 6 40 5 41 8 42 7 43 6 44 5 45 6 46 1 47 1 48 1 49 1 50 1 51 1 52 36 53 6 54 5 55 6 56 8 57 8 58 5 59 6 60 6 61 5 62 8 63 6 o CD- IV)*- r^, t\) ^ I 0 ^ i V \ 7\ (^ ! I 4^. 0) f I / (B v.^ ::. I Gi \ A. j::^^ \ \ I — p^. I ^^ ir »0 ./ T 0> K i' SI \ \ / I )" Oi / L I 9> (» <^ ^ J / A \ -1 I \ ^/ I I I \ I / / \ ^3 i. \ \ • \ f t JJ PLANTING LIST FOR ROSE AND HERBACEOUS GARDEN. Festuca glauca. ' Blue Fescue Grass, to be planted 8 inches apart. Dianthus barhatus var. White Reserve. Sweet-William. Dianlhus barbatus var. A bbotsford. Lychnis viscaria var. splendens. German Catchfly. Viola odorata. Hardy Russian Violets. Armeria maritima var. robusta. Sea Pink. Viola cornuta. Horned Violet. Veronica supria. Bastard Speedwell. Gaillardia aristata. Perennial Gaillardia. Phlox paniculata var. Annie Cook. Perennial Phlox. Lupinus polyphyllus. Lupine. Phlox paniculata var. Coquelicot. Perennial Phlox. Platyccdon grandiflorum. Japanese Bell-flower. Sedum spectabile. Showy Sedum. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum hybridum var. Alaska. Sedum spectabile. Showy Sedum. Hardy Chrysanthemums, yellow, Statice latifolia. Sea Lavender. Astilbe japonica var. Queen Charlotte. Astilbe or Spiraea. CEnothera fruticosa var. Youngii. Young's Sundrops. Phlox suffruticosa var. Miss Lingard. Southern Phloa. Monarda didyma. Oswego Tea. Physostegia virginiana. False Dragon-head. Cypsophila Stevenii. Dwarf Baby's-breath. Veronica longijolia. Long-leaved Speedwell. Astilbe japonica var. floribunda. Astilbe or Spiraea. Asclepias tuberosa. Butterfly Weed. Physc stegia virginiana var. alba. White False Dragon-head. Sedum maximum var. hamatodes. Purple-leaved sedum. Papaver orientate. Oriental Poppies, and Lilium auratum. Gold-banded Lily. Campanula medium. In variety. Canterbury Bells. Phlox paniculalum. White. Perennial Phlox. Aquilegia. Various species. Columbines. Lobelia cardinalis. Cardinal Flower. Hybrid Perpetual Roses in variety. Baby Rambler Roses, to be planted 1 foot apart. List No. 1 2 No. of Plants 203 12 3 4 12 24 5 36 6 7 30 27 8 9 22 12 10 8 11 14 12 13 11 15 14 18 15 12 16 17 12 6 18 14 19 10 20 8 21 12 22 10 23 10 24 16 25 15 26 12 27 24 28 11 29 12 30 6 31 4 12 32 14 33 6 34 10 35 50 36 104 PLAN /N<^-3 vSuggeatiVe Treatment of City 3ack)/arl I ■P^ ^ ( ^ ■ . ■■! lar >»i I II li ._\^ / ^. __l__iJ \V\ Oras^ is. r K5 p CH I -I I LJ_L &ras33 s^ K^ I A FT"' _i — 11 '^ III -III" - " r I T ' *^ ir'v"* «i ^1 m'*v^^'mm^mtf^0mttmm^»^m^^i^*m ' P03^ OAPDLN Liat No. No. of Plants 1 14 2 20 3 14 4 2 5 2 6 74 T 2 8 16 9 100 PLANTING LIST FOR ROSE GARDEN, Persian Yellow Roses, planted IJ feet apart. White Moss Roses, planted 1^ feet apart. Harrison Yellow Roses, planted IJ feet apart. Dorothy Perkins Roses for arch. Lady Gay Roses for arch. Hybrid Perpetual Roses, planted 2 feetapart. Crimson Rambler Roses in tree shape. Hybrid Tea Roses, planted I] feet apart. Baby Rambler Roses, planted 1 foot apart. ABBREVIATIONS. A. Very hardy. B. Requires a sheltered position. C. Requires protection until well established. D. Rapid in growth. E. Slow in growth. P. Prefers a moist soil. G. Thrives in any good soil. H. Thrives best in a light warm soil. /. Particularly good for cutting. 5. Shrub, or generally grown in bush-form. T. Tree or generally grown in tree-form. X. (Found in Rose-List.) Indicates best flowering varietifii. Y. (Found in Lilacs.) Indicates largest and best blooms. GLOSSARY. Capsule, A many-celled seed-vessel. Cleft, Divided, split, parted. Conical, Having the form of a cone. Decumbent, Reclining, but with tips ascending. Edible, Fit to be eaten as food. Fastigiate, Branches erect and close together. Frond, Leaf of a fern. Glaucous, A dull green passing into gray blue. Globose, Round, spherical, globular. Herbaceous Perennial, A soft stemmed plant, which perishes dovn to the root annually. Hybrid, A variety produced from the mixture of two species. Lobed, Divided to the middle into parts distant from each other, with convex margins. Mulch, A light covering, as hay, straw or leaves. Palmate, Having the shape of a hand. Panicles, Scattered fruit or flowers. Clusters on peduncles variously sub-divided. Pedicels, Short flower or fruit stalks. Pendulous, Hanging, drooping. Petiole, The stem of a leaf, connecting the leaf with the plant. Pinnate, Compound, feather-shaped. Plumose, Feathery. Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 141 Procumbent, Trailing, prostrate, lying on the ground. Prostrate, Lying flat upon the ground. Pubescent, Downy. Pyramidal, Having the shape of a pyramid. Raceme, A cluster of flowers or fruit. Recurving, Bending toward the ground. Sepal, A part of the calyx or perianth of a flower. Sterile, Barren, unfruitful. Tendril discs, Claspers given to climbing plants for supports. Tuberous, Round, fleshy, underground stems, as, for example, potatoes. Trifoliate, Having three leaves. Tubular, Having the form of a tube or pipe. Umbel, A flat-topped flower cluster. Whorl, Leaves or flowers arranged around a stem, in the same plane with each other. 142 A Practical Hand Book 1 d^^iS-S > Wi n3 rt ^ a; (0 bo'- •c-S •^^ C +j ►..-. o -^ 2f CO a; CO 2 OJ C -^ C ^* G d . . ^ o > .2 ^>. 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C 3 6 3 < o o oa c^ oa 3 o a 3 bib 3 < >> a a •—1 "— > -i a 0) u o >»ti &> 0) 0) a 4-1 c •4-< •M 4^ ■i-t J3 43 X J3 JS ^ ^-2 ^ ^ ^ ^ «N lO 1-^ JN »M -* Tt< o 180 A Practical Hand Book hi C3 Q 2 9 .2 o o o O ■»J +3 +i ^ *-• in O 3 ^ .a 3 vu >-, rt . be eft -tJ 1-1 5 o u biO CO •—I -M bio's »-i O O) J2 +-> .2 -M g QJ 3 T3<*- .5_p . o ^ US c j„ e c o -C .!-> ^ o u b/D bfl C X! ^ B c^' u en ^ 3 2 ^ o b/1 > XI F c u rt o ■M rn VJ O) OJ .n C -M o ^ . 3 ID aj en O a; a <^ bi) 3 < a> 3 (1^ X) 3 M 5 iz; > U 3 biO 3 < 3 a en 3 u O ^ 3 cd-z; > a U o in ro o a *5J) .SSffl eg bo bflCl :3^^ S en ^ .2eS tic en en == 3' O O bf) en '> --2 ^Ub/) x; ^ CO d a o a Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 181 04 c B — o H« O 'm-^^i: o 3 pQ u ^ U •- CO en u oo ■M o 0] I d •c o ■B 3 «> •^ il. d - u o - CO ^^T ^ ? . >^ X? ^ > = 3 ?^ ° ~ CJ "^ •- j= "^ o o . 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JS J= 0) ^ ^ ^ ^ a; > 00 8 •* 4 c 182 A Practical Hand Book 2 S .2 o o Eh 5 3 8 rt o 53 ° o P, ^ c >^13 :^ o ^^ 5 CD c ^ ^ § :2S ^ l;5 PS ^ "::^ 3 TO Ui r-' C C rt a> oj rt > , > -M ^ rt S "^ C5 ^ -2 ^ 3 c £ ^ ^ " rv ^ c a^ g rt .5 aXi-ScDMi: -o > to ^ ^< o 5 fcio to • ' T3 T3 1^* ^, -3 C C . be ^ T3 • m 5 u- rt -CXI >, 7 J- 32 CO o O CI, G S^ ^^ G tfi u, a U CO Wi a XI a o c/5 ^ 3 G-^ O b 5i ^ en 8 .S^ 3 .2 'u a > I (4 o ■>-> •♦^ -t» *3 00 '^ a 2 ?^ ® «>-S rti ""^ 03 ■sa eJ (3 3 o o >-> U c S 3 •M 3 03 (U s 0) s CO 4> V"i^ O etf 10 g B .o a o o U u 0) CO I o • v-4 d bX) O 0) l-l o u Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 183 M 5i ai o — • c ^ r^ o ^2^ EC o ir' r- O 3 ^ *^3 j_> tJ ^ a -a U o ^ 4-) o en 3 - > X) c CO oj . u u '^ en o >^ tx c cjx: EH o^-=.? to ^-2 Vi 3 C -J > tn 3 J2 = ^ 3 :^ u, C ~ t- N O _ o ^ o ^ •=^ o — bfl ^ a e s en"* ^ -E ^ en txv« u • — o ^*^ > X ^ (y 3 a; i3 1" en O >^ a •n^ 'en u "^ w2u2 . 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S^-2^ E.S^ o^ fe -o OJ o J3q3 c . u, bJO M ^T3 C -i o c s -M .5 "r! ^ - CO CO 0) c V4-C en J3 -^^^S j2 tn a 4-1 3 3 S &*"a!"- ■*-'3, a> J3 bfl ^ 01 o 1— H 03 'O IH 0 53 03 «n •0 n3 •o > S 4) u Q 13 3 O 3 o en u 3 o CO u VO I •a <" «J 0) ll 03 c3 oJ TS > > a 03 03 3 TS T3 U3 'C 0) 'C t-i Xt^ 0 0 >»43 « 93 «« 08 03 u 2> E: 5J*C —» «ia 3 3 3 ^O 'C OS > oJ (U l-l 3 03 ■«-> bO a Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 193 >» 4-> OJ u rt > T3 . O"^ ka o «_: o^ bo •a '"5 c o ™ o O w 3 ^ "" 3 C S !r -^ tx o tao tfi rt c o >- -- c a "^ o C 'X u to X C • o O 3 '■« 3 •*>< '^ ^ . o o o O 3 en x'o -^ to X rt ^ N II ol ° xx: a C j= si = o ^ t> »r i- u s a-p c-6 ^'i ii- i^ ^ ^ S-^ O O . "7^ c 'n ■^ • - o a c -^ en "^ ^ "1 «- X ^^^*^ u c '-^ >-< b£ C (U — >< o X O O c »- c o o i» -i tx c -; o e . c 3 •-" (J X bio O 3 "* u a*- X vm bO° c *-> o c — c o •<; rt X o o 4-1 X tn o — Is c>« O X rr o i?.2 >> >> c c 0 C 3 3 9 3 3 —t •— > ^ — >-» »— » »— > 0 oa oa k. a <^ <« oa c 3 B 0) c :^ < & •— » 3 3 :§ S S X 3 *c "3 "a) u 3 1 0 Si '0 > > >^ cu 0 0 0 > rr ^ > 0 > 0 0 to X 1 b£ .0 X i» 1 c 0 bo bO a> c c QS X 0 X 0 4-1 4-> 0 OCQ a-= Uh U. 0 c/2 ^ J S3 ^ S 0 ► es e 3 0 3 0 3 IS •0 ea 4) a a 1 1 c • D '55 3 u 0. (A 6 3 3 1^ 3 0 4; e i u a C3 U3 "5 3 0. •B s 0 3 u s 3 3 u ■5 0. '5fl 0 •0 0 0 0 0 0 k« 0 0 k4 0 y =' S "^ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 194 A Practical Hand Book B 2' S ." o o S g MO) l-l O ^ o q3 u a) > ►^ < "^ •5^ en ^* % 03 o a ^■^ Ui c t) bit S G nJ 03 c a, . i= Xl ^ J3 en 3 '4-1 cu [/J 0 03 s 0 0 1h ^ tfl q3 <-M 22 Wit" tn 3 d O'- *- 1^ bfl O ^- 2 c 0} o s .► o c « o;3 o <= O rs C C»3 ^ to S;;2 CU . "^-^'^^ 3 ^ d t^ be bfl^ x)4: > I CO c 03 s ^3 ^ .■Sec w > (^ en •« 03 -Ji u OJ c u o •-; biO'-j tn CO a O 3 < (U 3 i^i Xi _ ^-1 O l> to OQ > U, OJ ^ "^ rt 4. o o >?« fe G C o ^J:i^ '=' 00 X o -^ iS) .^^ ^ oi^ O OS OJ G o ri^JS 3 ba bJO 3 < da 0) G 3 da 03 ca b« fO 00 vO CO G so 'HIM .^ 11 03 O (U •a a OS 0] m TlH o q3 I G O U CO l-i JS H (0 0} 0) OJ •§ 0 WM 0 G to o o •I u •«i< <> to 0) bA 3 5 u X) 2 u 10 o I Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 195 o .5 o •- u c C -^ • ■^•^ C C rt rt O > **" c txin O -M a c 0? •T3 O, ,0 CO o . C CO r^ u ^ a ^ p in O rt O rt ^ O 3 C O -M ^ ^ ^ o a "^ U)"5 Ck; U o a. u > C O u.t: rt O. t« w 6 oJ >, o ^ = U o rt O c u Jl ■*-» 4_, B 3 o -3 <^ w >» ^ ^ tfl 3-^ C M 3 CO rj c ^ ^ Sort ^ o rt o E u en rt 0) O' 5f 3 '^_^ rt Xj WT) •_= 3 X y rt ^ o iS ^ ^ X o o u 1^ ^ 2 ^^ 2 fij *-> .^ O O > 3 U= ^ O — c ^ O 0-- "^ 3 5 '^ — t t^ • • •r acCQ c ^ >. a ^ « ^ S u a- 2 24> i^'5. « i: 2 CJ J= ~ 5 1- J3 (D o o nJ •^D^O^S a> • 03 ^ o bcqs c . . - o £•- a >> en u o en rt » S >. tSu S ^ 9 >, 3 •— > 3 < 'ha 1^ a & CB 3 3 < < S •— » c 1 rt'- 1 1 d • a vH •«« »-4 \o ^4 -^ Ok 196 A Practical Hand Book ca e Pi •a a pq o t-i at a u bX) -M 4-> T) a c ^ c3 u. O •ii'O-i en C (U (U 4j QJ O oTEr ^ ^ c o bit) en rt"*-! .5 5 C5 "O £i S ^ .5 « o 3 . S EqsS"^ J3 — biO.22 V- i3 C O I— I C !-=<-G +j S aj C ^ 03, Cxi 3 3 .t! « 3 3 ^ o-r "3 0) bf "^ *p o jj bfl-o •o 9 ojO o -l ex CO El 0) ^ . ^-O en 3 ot^ 3 c J-* *3 c o CA 3 (A o "o a> CO a o Wi (U W) 'C I •g 1 1 ^ a a 1 3 o ^ 3 £? er« M H bfi fJ 3 03 S bfl ^-^ O ■!-> q3 .. d cn"^ QJ — >T3 03 O i) O 2i2 . bi) 3 < ?►> >. >. Ul a; a nJ 03 2 a ■M W 3 bfl ^ <« 1^ ^ s 3 < >. ^ •"2 ^ 3 a a a •— > < < < J3 1 Ul wit How nter cn 4-1 15 ^ ^ 1 •75 O QJ OJ (U < ^ H-1 s> imat sight feet CO .s • • ■■4 vO VO 1 §a 3 ciduo ergre Vine bace ennia •>* •«* T*4 "e** "* ^ o3"ls r-((M ^ to >> ^ 8 Is o 8s Si m3 c4 M.2 O c bfl o •_= E tn £ 2 3 on"-"- en I u o ^ So . I- o tn u j2 p o ;l .t: 0 o — ox ^'^i^ ^ -< •n ^ O en tC o . •- u = . »- r- U £:! S 3 82S .£ 0 ^ ^■" - ^' " u^ — r:_2 ^ c.k J^.S 2 O— u O _j= u"C — &•= r: C 5? u cvi: ^ O 3 - ;:i o -2 -^ 3 •5 ^ "^.3 5f ^^' ^ -S X en X i_) • 2 h = ^ 0. :* 2 Co .3 1/ t« _3 ;: u :?;;=£■ .3 O 3-5^ j2 o . u v2 TJ X 3 8 2 2 *^ >: a el J:^ •f >.3 0.-3-0 •Si a^ o u 0) >. >» c c c« 3 3 3 •— > s T3 ? 2i > > > ^ ^ ^ ^ a O o T) a> 15 "oJ i; > > > >* ^ to lO tM ^1^ 00 vO 00 « 6 o ro fO »-H ^H l-H •H »-• i^ X 3 1 •o i Sx ,o H « E .fi 2 bfi bO 0) bfl >> g^ c 3 •§ U 3 u ^^ u rt 3 *-> 3 pa a C/5 >U3 o C « I «a I d o I oa 3 a >. o o 9 H 3 ? > ca en C .ii « en T) E 3 "5 ^ =' 6 o V, 198 A Practical Hand Book 2 S .5 o o to >-> — (u -■s .si (A O O to "^ S(0 i-i . CO g . co-^, O to C C -•- B tea, o JO to a CO CO biO »-) to to S :pa ^ uS-^ 3 >-• to a ID u O u I s ■M U o c « 4) «-i O -M CO 10 tuo c a c g"^ to CO (U o JO taO 3 p« -o ajs-c u> G O f o ^ rt 05 ^ c . (U J3.2 5 — lo 2^ very . It n gr rs IJ and ^-^ C ^ C J3 a o in fcJO 3 < ^ 3 < 3 ni a < o 3 Oh *= 43 +3 g bc v in r1 si 83 = w tJ\3 2 £ o g.2 a> > St "-I |.?8 fc '-' C3 O O 43 H c/) C3 •a a 13 Oh I o 3 IH 3 s 3 3 J3 "* -* bc 3 a; dj ♦1 O 43 3 I 43 S 43 I 10 I Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 199 rt 2 X rt c 3 . ^ - P, ^ -, 5 <^ a iT '^ '-" -3:^ ^ P ^ ^ rt +j X cn 5 C3 o '^ 3 - c ^ i» E . '^ .— ~ "-^ C £< > ^ u c G ■^ >•- C 3 3 x: o O •C CD — oJ=.Si to I* ^ y C, '1 rt 2 S to o .' !^ - Ob o en ^ --.- •^ o — rt rt u- e " ^ < O S ..2 >» cj "t: rt CJ ° ^1 3 **" J r -^ It > — ^" r < . 2 = ^ jC iJ C ^ i: >, -3 .i2 o > x t« •- c , • = -. c - " ^ ^ ^ ,^ ^ ^ ^.2 Sica — -O c: ^ "* = ,. r* O en > u >» -3 .J^ — '^ 3 5 Si •a j3 c -- rt ^ a S 3 to S'J . •C — ^ O ^ w t£ 2 «- < 5- = s 0.3 o o 6 10 o to 6 o o I o to 3 o c < c 3^ o u U bo ay bo > T a H 3-^ o > (A en 3 b£ cs 0 1 i i at 0 1 ^ ^ OS > — > ">»>. >t Vij3 w "" o* M^ 3 2 3 3 bfi 1> bfl-o 09 ea (K Pk g I 3 3 OB (It 3 > V >»- w 2 3 3 bO Q. PM 200 A Practical Hand Book o g .13 O o ^ ^ Cfl >> u n> r3 4S s 0 u 2 X 0 . 0 ■4-> J3 C5 ^ -M 0 rn TJ rrl c3 0 rn a u 4-1 w -M C • "3 45 0) 2^ .4-> 3 a (V .0 ;? 4-> en 3 0 0 >4= c OJ £f-0 hfl < 3 0 rt 3 (U.3 X) u u u cu^ aa u u 4J w w C* ^ =5 " ^ f' (y 42 w C ^ 3 en > 32 rt OJ 4-> — u c ^ 3 OJ c 3 O 43 o; e > O rt en QJ 42-3 oj O _^X!45q3 '^ 43 a 4-> en O OJ 4J (U to u O bfl .S ^< en .S43.J to > 6 2^ "* C biO tn*^ nj re C1,S a biD _ 03 3 CI, 33 to 6< c C 3 •- 8 >.4£ tuO>43 tn <" TO a < o O ID *J +3 +s o o 10 3 00 00 00 3 2 £ ® «.2 w a a = 43 0) <« J:! U CO > Pi ;3 > ^ O t-i •^ 4) (A Cd !^ 3 PE4 0) 3 (U to fe 2 i s (O 0) .£f>3 cu-o ^ o o en Qj 3 G Z) 0) > (O d p< (A o b/0 QJ o S o Q O (L) cuxJ O oj cd B u d to a> p< TJ d •tl GO > ed «J 43 >> (0 CO o PC4 o (Z4 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 201 be. 2 sou w *..< o >*- •— .-3 ,T, - 5^ o 9. en — _ n s^ -^- TJ C C O o _rt '^ a O ^ •- rt-C §2 c a. O o o ,j5 ji a P - o ""' ^ ?/, O rt fc^ 4-1 — 3.2 < . >. x .:i 'Z > *- rt o ^ «- ^-^ r:_o > — •a c u rt 2 c . c c -^ 8 .Soo • — rt C w — CD .5 = E « ? -^ L o O rl ^ CI. ^^ o C 3 u 2 a ^ 12 2| ?-^ • o ^^ u c . a.2 — — 33 ^ -T-T . 3^ > u t« > fcc— >> S tfl «»- O u o CO C > tfl ^ o ^ O !« ^ t 3 =" o'S 3 S ^ o-^ > ? o C Cl^ ^ ' v ^^ 2 JZ en 4-> o o -r; a£ 2 <^ X A rt e: 3 o? *- u ^ c be 9" o "jr **- S 'f 3 3.rD o ex n CJ go >. _J rt r"-. "5 o o <5 C/) >> c 3 O 4^ < ti 3 < 3 tn en a 3 0 3 O 1^ j: u k. ^ > > -) o o o O 1 o ■^ to to to 1 ."«« o o o o »— 1 ,_) CN lO to ro -^ c < u T -C o k. 3 J2 b« 3 < .5 O u o c < ^ i s > > OS k4 Ih -2 o o u H Q. 3 0) V u « CO g (/) ^3 .5 a 3 01 3 •Su 0 K Oj X X 01 01 O. C o D. u 'S^ E 3 S c JJ x Uh 3'- ^< c >, 4-1 C3 Wl 4.) o •s •o o c U. o Uri (^ r . CU en b£ s (0 3 C 'S ed U4 (14 O M 3 a "S 01 k4 (A ,12 ed 2 o 0 o. O a :t3 01 01 u u 01 cd 3 U4 0) d 3 O (Z4 I 3 (X4 202 A Practical Hand Book 4. 03 03 V-, ^ • - > 2^ ^ 03 0 bO 0 1 V- y > 0^ en ^ • Ott< ^^ u 3 s « o --o .T3 3 O) 0 V- 4-> 03 . 03 . cn O C'O 03 03 wX Ui u c3 O ty042XJ • SO'" 0 en 12 . fn 0) en OJ >"^.2 ^ .5 ^ ^ r- ^ 2:? 0) ? ti U3 >^ OJ ill"- ^-OJ en ^ 3 ■»-' 0 0 ^ OJ OJ en S^ Cfl 03-5 'O ti 3 tn OJ 03 n 3 2 w OJ bJOfe ^en rt OJ 1— 1 +-j >, >< ■i-j u Ul a 3 >— > a OJ OJ Time of Bloom 2^ 3 3 03 6 3 e e 3 »— > (U ^ en en >. a bi _^ _^ 3 •— > 3 < 3 •— > 3 < < u 0 o 6 )l4 o OJ cd 0 0) ■<-> IS 0 O) OJ o -2-kJ+J 0343 (U rHJe^ |H|C^ CN HN a '^<£ »-( T— 1 T-( cs es 1 1 2|a T-t «N 2 a 3 5 4) 0-3 2 S 03 aJ.S C3 a3K*-'S a> "* Tj^ '* rt« ^ '^ ^ «.^ 03 St -*(N T)4 .s -O >» >, TJ >. >s *c3 Q;r3 'O:^: ojr:: r3 ?~> 4-> > J ?:5h-1 > J ^"'kJ rt a ti «- -S 03 C3 •7.S 03 JL3 C ^•i ajO-ir3 l| W)c3 03 03 03 G 1 = •ti uJ J3 0 J3- >J2 C/5 d ^^ JE •^cu Ocu CU J Ih IH , oi (d 3 > > > OS (tf 5 "3 •a a 1 *o Its '5 > o t3 CO 1 ■«-• CO Ih at 3 .2 c •9 2 a ^ Ih § § ^ § a §W) 1 0 '3 ^Jfl 0 1 (^ ts« Pm (x* fXi Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 203 ^ C o ^ rt u •^ — ii O S£^ C irx: C . O . Q . o en 3 bC O C "5 C1.JS .S 3 C o en u Ui a ^ o X en . ^ J2 3 ^ r- ?^ 5 «5 u c:^ rt o ^ > o c . j=: 2 •" re _, 3 o ba •5 o 0 o ^ 2 o .5^ 0] ^ O » O u .2 ^ O • I- <3J . 03 . .a ^ Si ^ I- ^ O si Vt-i X TJ O O — 9 c ^3 . . en ^, . (-• i-i O •- J 2 . X SC— ^ TS = 00^ en Ui o I •o a O en c X j3 .2 2 r- O fej c u bfl . tc «r X C3 f^ 3 .«-— O •^3 O o O 0 bC en u ^4 ii '^ en ■•-> 3 u 0 U c ^ W.S o X • k. C — ^ 3 O '" Ui E u u O a^ _:r u ■i-t >> >, ^ b£ ^ a 0, 3 a < 0 0 4_( 3 •— > 3 3 •— > ^ 3 < 03 c 3 <3J It (4 S a C (U c >N •— > bA S 3 3 3 3 3 >— 1 3 •— > •— > •"> < •5 2i a •»-' -fcj "is 4J « u ^ ^ (« 4-> 4-) ■i-l 4^ 0 ^ "-* JZ 0 J= jc JS M 0. J ^ ei ^ ^ ^ ^& Q d w?t fo «N cs cs «-H ro CO cs 0 es ■^ a 2 o c 4J 3 s •8 PQ 6-5 c " E c re 0 0 u pa c 0 « •0 u u 0 en >» 0 Q U .9 o O O OS > > (A "3 .2 "3 0) a c ed 0 0 0 0 x> C8 Tl ? 2f1 2^ ^•2 01 01 -5 u a, 0 0 0 5 d O 204 A Practical Hand Book a Pi rock-garden. Pretty rs beautifully fringed. ided foliage. Flowers [^ood in the rock-gar- ^* d 0) u bfl 2 he hardy Geraniums. 1; flowers large, on ms. Good in the bor- rden. A.G. c bfl 1 o 2 0) ■M .S o , low plant with con- seed pods after the in the rock-gardens. r, pyramidal tree with aves. Very picturesque a specimen tree. Gen- rom attacks of insects. ■M O > • M *->^ C 03 o 'On-l'^ 2"d 43 •M .£ o o o O Zj bo ^^bo-g 4-> CO CO (i;'2 <-• _2;o 2 s bo ^ o n3 ^rj •"7 CO Ul O Ul . . J3 bO >, . c ^ 0) 3 o Q 3 •— > C/5 3 OJ 3 H 5 c« o c^a c« c 3 c« S^ •— > ^ • 3 •— > ^ ^ ^ u c T3 t-l flj •M -a o CO 0) ^ o CO O "o .6 a "a Ul O 0^ > > CTJ u cu cu Q 3 CO ■*^ -i^ ^s 03 .£3 «> a> 0) 4) (O a> •9 O o O O o O 5 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 205 1 tn £ o u X I.. o c a: E by pods oiten 1 ^ teet long. Good for park or street planting and makes impenetrable hedges if planted thick- ly and pruned severely. A. D. G. T. Irregular in growth with pendu- lous branches. An attractive small tree. A. E.G. Foliage prettily marked with white. Dense spikes of flowers. Good in the rock-garden. A. F. T. Foliage a peculiar blue-green. Open in growth. It is a graceful ii =1 i| X J2 ~ c ^"^ ^— X i O be a .S X C X O 3 W X ^i as •^ o ^ X o-o ~ o C. X d CJ o u i-i o a 3 ■t-i X 3 X C J o u X a ■i-i c rt CI u a u be X O S < the border. INumerous small flowers in feathery panicles. Very useful for cutting. A. G. I. Trailing, and good for the rock-garden. Flowers small, produced in great profusion. A. G. Very showy while in bloom, and a good border plant. Individual flow- ers larger, but panicles smaller than those of G. paniculata. A. G. bfi be >. >, 3 3 3 13 >% >% < 0) < —i •—1 ^ 9 c« <^ =a >^ «— » ^ 0) c 3 "9 3 3 •— > >— ) •— > •— > .i«j c a oJ.t: Or; '5. 4-> be cC £ 6^ o^ be J ^ c . — <« o «o .V4 O CN •»« .-H "^ »^ -^ '^ o ^H ^4 •^ 1-4 -«*< •^ r** .!_> 4-> JZ tn X o o 4-* 4-> 3 U O be 3 £ o 3 y o CQ _x be c a CJ a; u c 15 c ^ S rt ^ V 0 XJ u .c o O :^ c3 u X X CQ 09 oa d O o « ed 6 ^ a •o .•« 9 I 1 1 3 o Cfl 'S .2 •S 4) « '3 0) a. > a; B 3 3 0) 4.J at OB.O O. •o Si .2 .2 IS 3 O QQ 03 .2 u o ex. a. ^^ 4-> • >. tl o o o ^ •O OB o V 0) > o >."« >» >. >. 5 o O O O O O 206 A Practical Hand Book -a a a> S<« o .3 O O o U a 3 2 S © «^.2 3 *-■ I-i cj S a) > in. I- :2a ■a a S 03 a} U ^2 cd ffl •r* ^ d « ^ Qt w )-l bfl O OXi > Vh 4-> O o ■4-1 u ■4-> -M rt o O >> u v« •w ll T3 O '^-o^* O o . 3^ OJ 03 o-o C n »^ — c^ < Xi tuo en O O O -^J c CO i^ ?^ rt C u (U 0) c "* .5 en 0) > ^ ^^% C 03 ^ JS (11 en . O c 3 a 3 nj i-« O ui — ' J2 *- J3 ^ O, M "U en 03 ^ Sir ^ "-) en 3 C J- 03 en rn 03J::i 03 03 Si o a hi Men ^ .S *" O w 03 . ^ C ^ s bfi§ .5 3 u ^ c 03 X5 3 O) ^ 22 03 . _ o '^ en TJ • ID >> ^ ?'§ J-) i> 3 O » CT" bO be C ^ g,-3 6 bfij2 «- >, > l>TD 8 O !3 ■°fei 03 O a u s o o as ^ en d) Si S > o 00 J2 o ^ OJ C "* a 03 cd u 'S o Or 0) cd B od CO < 13 3 OSXJ O V o ^^^-^•^ aid ^ - '" CJ en .3 en C a u biO O en o OJ C bA.^ TD ^ bi) o 2 <= 0) I u 33 3 bfl W Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 207 C ? CJ *- > o o <= ' JZ o > c o_r U3 3 ^ J- u- rt ii . c a . c a ■"'-*• 6 Oqs C/5 '^ o n. !« . ^-^^ "a o c-r s> fc« O o -^ J= ^ u c . — •a CN o a f3 >. bC t O P . o ^> 3 Wi tn o tn rt^D a • o >> o ^ two o tx t- o js bo C -^ -. U) o 'T'^ ^ "^ "^ "^ O-t 3 2 c^ c 3 O O J= c C/5 ■z:.= o u C JZ bO .5 o • a y '■« JZ u "t; ^ O o a 3 > o lO CO ^ 3 jS o .ti o o >» >, >-. a a P* c 3 •— > 3 3 3 c^ c^ bo 3 c^ —* •— » •— 1 ca dH <« oa d8 =a cy 3 3 < bA 3 < c c 0) < < ^ 3 3 ■—1 3 > > & > > > ^ O O e O o o O c u •3 S a> a u o OJ >^ > O >^ >^ >^ > o •M -t-i o « o ^ > re o s xo § d 3 e c C/) "./) c/) 'X a> 0) t) B V 3 O a 6 3 3 at a 3 B E 3 :a (A o o -g to 63 62 6"= Q 3 b£ 3 to 3 CU 3 C3 ^ a; o > "Z > 15 > 0) "o « w X W X W 208 A Practical Hand Book tf OJ en be C S jn i: Q O bxji J, ^ c o o o o q:5 biO >. biO >^ ^ 03 >- III ^ £2 c o o o CO -w I'- fc — K^ j-i en . C w u. "^ en ^ 3 bfl ; c ' o ^ 6 1 "^ -a ' o bx) rtO ^ en -? O biO t- 2 ^ •^ en c3 O P (L» t: ^ en '3 gj biO ti > c o en 52 ^i2 sec r* td Si bflO <" 3 ^ 2 o "^ cd >. X) cd x) ^ r< '- 1—1 03!;^ 03 bC C o a ^ en 2.Sx) en bJO OJ 1-^ o 03 -42 ^ 2 S .2 o o a c« bi) 3 < 3 < 3 biO 3 < da biO 3 < 3 > o 0^ en bjo 3 < 3 o O a (U en o -»J -t-5 +3 ^,v< S fit <(N rt< Mas «2; w •a a o re I c 3 (A (U o (A "^ rj^ 303 UI I 3 O* o Cd U CA (U 3 -d Q 3 cd |S cd *3 •^ cd •^ > Cfl 2 o CA 3 43 a a cd (A 3 "^ a; .- >« cd 03 j; '- 3 O B (A 3 I I n w d a fl d cd cd cd w .1.H •J »3 0) 0) (U V W w w » Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 209 c o e en ^ u ^ u c (/) en l> -cob o t- rt c i' ^ 3 . a o >^-c • ^ ^ --^ ca o e en tn tn 5 ^ o ^ — > O in - ^ lo tn Q tn tn c: •" u n tn C3 2 P.C «- S x c 1- 3 '■"■"Ji C 2 b££i ;^ = o en X "t- u o ^ >, O j^ c -^ ^ cj rt u- O c ^ rt u . o jr — 3 C ^ 3 r: o tn.E o u^ c o cj bfl >^ 3 C 3 • r: r^ -a b -^ tn tn en t) II. ^::3 c en tn i^ t 3 > c: tn_3 c .:: tn O i i- 3 ' O *- , Jil 3 sj I- :a c Jr • > ^" tn rJ tn w . o ■^ — O '' n — 0 rt a rn X o X X ^ ^ O^ 3* 1-1 u n U ri u ? t i^ 2 O 3 c ;:< rt ^ rt X c tn _c c c .-3 b'^" iJ vO X — o 3 lO > 5 ^ Sue C ri '^^ 3 rt X S X rT< ^ o 3 ti tn O 3 O r- O '" >% - x! ^ o ::i tn u ^ r» 3 3 J3 e o c/) < ^ 3 < c>5 3 >^ »-» 3 "3 •—> "■"> •— > •— » "a; , ^ ^ ^ O 3j >% a a «- J3 bfl O o Q c o (0 2 to » 0) > 1 (A b0 9 X (A .2 S CA rj 3 o c a O §•:§ Xi 0) •J Oh « 0) 0) m n » » fO fO I I trt .. Ml 2 o 2 o6 o fO I ed u o u B 210 A Practical Hand Book 2 S g«- o .300 H 5 U 2 S © «.2 m3 w •sa -CO S JS • •3'"' 0) a; o bo V- '^^ o| 03X5 > 3 O ^ =3 o OS tut)-' 0: o o p ^^-j ^"^ »H **- O) o (u CD 4_) C bXl 03 ^ biO 3 < 3 (U bO C ro Q 3 o Q 2 c5 J- 0) o .Si o*^ en ^ -^Kl a— c > S i< ^ ^qsU bfi O •- c ■ o 'i ' biO U IS > a> '^ TH I?-3 Ott; t— » (U c 3 0) bA o cs a bC C c o rt 3 bO ° o o ^ tn 5 be • P C "3 >-|.— > O ^^ rt > ^ . > , 3 3 ^^ a.° So c a sti « S •5^ o 3^ o XI . - biO s» e X tn ? 5 O 0) o 5 o w oJ c 'O i^.^ 3 •"-3 -^ oa (V 3 3 m O a> PQ ^ 3 0) 3 fO O .2 -^ ^ ^ ^ W w -«-> CJ C<1 P4 Oi 4> (U w w Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 211 CO en ^i" > ii • i-> fli -i-l O tn u C.C'rt o • iTD Q C o _c u u C G. r.O =5S^ ^ !« o -- .:: ^2 , tf ri i X p. u f s ^ .= is 5" — .— Jll ^ ^ o k. cn o =: o o ^ *3 ^ ~ O rt ^ o en 13 w k. o is O -M C Ot- £i M c 3 c3 o C^ x'H c/> ^ "^ u. ^ to r- tn ? en" C C en "" •" ^S ■•« u tn -1- C o c r; u o r~ i-i en = o cn — -n ^ ^J= ^^ > *- O i> bi) ti ti fcij ^ jj ^ 3 3 3 0. CJ < < < < >, c^ 0) C/3 0 cy ^ 0 •i-i 0 0 ■M 0 oy >. >> ij 0 >— > ^ ^ <<-* c c c c a 3 3 3 3 3 3 u •— ) '— > ►— » •— > '— > •— > C/5 j: Ui 0 tn a 4> 0 4-) C ^ 4-1 15 J4 C 1 .ti i: tn •— 0 ^ 0 J ^ CU ^ CN '-t CN "•t ■<*< O 2 e o o u 3 u o in § *3 p^ n g 9 2 0 < u o ^ (/] 7) Q a :3 ^ ed « CO 0] a a 0 Ui 0 0 =3 > .0 on a bO a 6 cd eU - -^ J V> -M .2J etl 0) •c * 2 e 0. s 0) a> 0) > « w » w 0) .a 8 CA 3 u *3 d Cjb »-• Sr 0 ««-■ 5 •" « 0 edu:^ •-• "^ w a> si 3 ja • u V > n w 212 A Practical Hand Book 3 0) 4) a> bOT3 C O -go u i-i u • r; ^ ti > J3 otCU c.i2 o 2 L- *- I-, c « o) o 5 O +j CO (V) l> ? ^ C (D cn ^ > s U. (U M cud) a> > a^ '^ o "x) S o 2 <3J ^ u V- c v ''5 I* /,: o '-' 1* D ?^ > J=l S O cn D CO •^■^ '- J- /■ir^ TO 0) ■>} a;, ■t-> ^ iri U 4J 4-1 CO 5b3 to en 6, 3 C o O 03 . (L) .S«"i bX) u, OJ ^ • >-, (U M win y > tuo'o .3 O m o "o Q ■»J +» 4a c/) bi) < O C/) bA 3 a (U <^ ti) 3 < a in bJO 3 < 3 .2 'u > a 0) Q o 00 00 o I o o I o 3 HI l-f 2 2 » tfi (U 3 C en S3 I-I u S Hi F rt o tic^.2 •3 a CO (0 o ■♦-• o u a> o a Cfl u so « CO o ?» >» ^ z u a CA O o cn aa CO t-i 3 w u . CO H a > CO CO > CO ;rj at :§ Qt C o u Trees, Shrubs, Vixes and Plants. 213 a; CO o ■" U U a> ;? U 4- 05 = gag- c <" O ^ 'Z o rt -^ r C O O rt -. C ^-o o '/) a ^ '^ ;^ rt rt O o O o vii O rt •^ a. o . 3.2 c c o ^3 o en . o -a ^- rt *j o rt tx u c 0 r 0 rt u. a ^S 0 ^ u 0 0 ^ J= Ui en rt rt C v> c; u (A 0 0 U !r! 3 "^ ^ U >. c _^ rt "" ^ u T) C M 0 0 ri \^ r"^ 0 p: r« »-t (O o u l_ ert .S'O a u a: ^ ■>-> (A c o » 1 •^ CO TO — CD ^— -^ ^ o "^ rt "* 5J 3 U rt o • u o o J'' rt ? a; -1— t CD Wi O X3 tn a o 75 3 =3 000 t/3 • o O u 4-! c 0 >« 3 5J 0 4-I C8 c» e 3 V >^ ►— » c cd 3 S So ^ 3 J2 e 0 2 'c & ^ ij 0 0 >« 3 Ui 0 lO • t^ C3 1 v-i 00 • V4 U-) 0 agbark ickory 13 e 0 .2 5 ^ rt u 0 u 1 en 3 a 0 3 0 S 3 ^ ^ ^ ^ «o I 3 3 tx] 214 A Practical Hand Book B P4 .S o o 6 S-'>2 2a S P aj o — 2 2 (U 'W.S Ms ^2 W bO Q, O •5 2 ^ rt :> (L) j:: c -^ o 2:^ r- c3 t- - G rr, i^ cti a; XI o-i-u:: o c c3 cio n3 - d U)^ O ^ '1^ c c oj -:t; c (V) AJ ,T_i TD -i-j CL, TO ^ 4-> CO Uc 03 O o; bo •r< (U 3 3 fe >- u, u. v.* "^ =« C "^ ^ — H .2 CM Tt^ X! (A -♦-» a 'C o .a o CO 5o.J ^ o ct3 CO CO u TK bj3 CO "^^ • J5 e<^ cu Uc cu O -w <4-l CO •—J 0) d 3 J3 vO o M V In o I <^ (U d 3 J3 vO d " d o X, ^ d a CO a> o bo-*' 9" Ig I?" bo OJ .d^ X 'to d OJ CL) I- . s ^^ l-i CO • • X d '3 d 3 VO u a> 0) M > » Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 215 bfl M c w o o '^ r- ■- ^ o >.t:r-_^ O O a i> tc ^"^ -^ o -^ o o be CO >^ 13 O ft >- 4» c 2 ^ C O = n, 9 c ,,^ O ''^ '-' 3 L. U tc i> ^ o - r~ _r- -G ^ bJO ' — -a O 6-% CO u o c iS' fcfi o > bo c — ^^ o c C o o ;■" 2^ -s "^ i', ^ ;= . ■^ ^ \: • 5 ti C . to CSC?; ^^ ^ <=<0 4-. 3 Tr< o - O ^ c: o O U c c C^ o n cj o rt.- 3-= O 2 5 cn !fi ^ C • ^ in ^8 O O ilX oo •M •M >» _j O u O en V a o« <« 3 3 < c <3y <« a 4-1 a •— » g >. 9? a> 3 3 c/5 c/) •— » 0) a> V 0) 0) ^ '4J ••-» ■<-* 4.1 O • >4 .c jCJ ^ X J3 ^ ^ ^ ^ & ^ »o fO 1) rt CO •T3 t rt •a rt u u o o > bo > bA R3 C o c« q= u "T ^ i"^ ^"^ Sd >» rt >> J5=C OI J 4.i 3 C y, — ) u rt a o edo:: « a a> A la >." » a; 3 cr CO I I 1^ 'I o. 216 A Practical Hand Book 2 S g^ o .« o o +J -4^ .13 ? 0) 2 P (1) «.2 c3 U (U •a a m o . ^ O v^ — I Ih TO c 3 •- en cn-g a o OJ tn CO ^ bX) a; .S ^ . tn O >"! oj >^ u, •--< o . b«oj ^ O CO ^ c;j c3 3 ■M CT .- 03 O - 3 • -5 tn •'^ TO > ^ ^ to ^S>2 O 3 nJ .5 td biO-O 2 o Ci o U ^ 12 ^ bjO^ d) P 3 "^ rs y o OJ 3-fq CO CO 0) CO ^ to -^ ° 3 ■M 03 3 a OJ bit) 3 3 bA 3 < 'a o O 3 "a i-i 3 04 a o tn CO to =3 .3 € tn :3 04 o CO to ct -3 ^3 vO da -: bfl S)2 -5! 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Co ?. > ^ .y ^ 3 J3 3 0) 5 - >' ^-^'^ o 0) 6 o be o |0 6 o c 5 a> p rt o en tuO 3 flj en "a o rt a u- «*^ ffi cn^~ = RJ C > = s '(/■. rt v. ^ > A'" a ^ ^ o ;-* o -; ?:-c o ^ — o • - = w ? etc ^ ^ ^ e *^ ir u j; o c <^*S S^Ei«5 as ffi n in 3 _ ^ 3 O rt ^ =' Oh tn .^ en o c JC -a o c a, • .C C ^ B en .^ is t« (0 4-1 • ^ U 4_> I o; c ^ 3.t: O - >N — O aj O T3 G O ^B c £-3 Vi-i '■n . -v o '^ -^ c o = j: o O c c ^ "^ r^ ^ C O u C *i O ^< !/} en O 3 Wi -* OJ *^ 4-1 I 2 c 3 u, •- ta . r o o en ^ ^ o (U o >> c c 3 ss 3 •—1 •-^ a> (U 4> •— » oa « c 3 c 3 d 9 <« >» >t —> •— » »— » 01 a c« c S :§ 3 •— > a> > > ^ ^ V o o o o ■& J3 p^ ~ a ^ > :5: £ es e^ O CQ I 8 o M a> 218 A Practical Hand Book a g^ o .3 O O a SP-S gw.a 3 § 5 — •5 a a § a (N bCoJ PE] 03 •sa pq en . • c to as ^ S en 0) TD o 3 < 3 Th C I Og 3 ,/• 0) tn OJ 3 +j O bJO.S .s ^ V- en o bjo 3 < "3 CO ed ?* en ti O 3 13 3 a ^ A C(( b£ 8 «a a 3 o a o* 53^ 2 3 Qj a; o 2 • u O . a 3 .2 > c S o 1> I— 1 a 3 3 .2 'u > "^ 0) a a 1-4 o bfl V 0) a 3 13 > "^ G S3 biO -9 ^ ^Uh ^ o Ui Ij 3 H > a ctf ert bfi a bJO ed u o (A Ih o 01 4^ bJ 0 T3 a> i— O ctf O4 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 219 4J CO ^ CO ^ o . ^ c c ^ --<^ bid < u. en £*^ £^ ^ c ^ '■« n r3 '^ ^ a > oj u o c c^T) i- -u- ^ O <^ C >^ 0*0 ^ "ij ' '^ u := 5^ o .^ ^ c^ c e "S - ^ C c3.« £-£ ctT ly ^ .-^ s »- o tij"*^ ►i-C^ X N -a c en rt ^ b. o ^ ^ E o t c h > o o - > -^ CJ o r3 TD r3 fcX) o J2 C ct _ ^- =3 O X- O 4-1 f^ o S ^.:£ o o^ e « 2 ^ o— c o i_ cc ;^ xu _ G j= 3 y z: a o a. > <^ en JS c^ •- -c cat: ii-o
  • i; >^ CJ >^ >^ c 3 C3 C 3 3 "3 3 •— » >, »— » •— > '— » 1— > ■"» <^ a % o« cy :>J '^ =>i oy >» >s >» o >> o t) cfl etf CTJ c C^ c c :§ S S 3 1— > % 3 •— > 3 . «iM "O ^ 4-> ■w a 3 O o c Cfi ^ ■si o O o a «> -<-> J2 a 4-1 4-1 > o > O > a 3 Q ^'^ CO d f-o •^ 1 «o r*5 ^-H "«*< CN 00 CN fN bA d •a jj c75 .O bo _Q tX) •-co n: CT3 Ul c 2 •5 CO c CO U tn 'c CO a in CO ^ 5* to 2 o u ■3 CO I > !5 r2 'Jo CO 5 3 > re c;, 1/3 ;2 to 5 0) > (O 5 13 'Sj 220 A Practical Hand Book tf 2 a .S o o H 5 o O +J -;J 4J 3 2 oj 0 a>.2 -5 &.2 ^ ^ H(N w •a a pq ^ o X) o ;. 3 Ui 03 C tdiS fi ^ C S 5i OJ a; bJO o «3 0) ^: cj +j -. • r:2 (u t« 0) biO fe^ CO Pq sp.e bjO 2 j=-c 3 bJ) Sen G ^ QJ Oj "o biO <1> bfl o en yrS >. ID *" 15 gx: g 3 oj o OJ t-^ c 03 3 ■I-) m bo 9 -5 bfl o *=^J3 j; 5 3 bfi C b<) > bo a> biox) (^ (U 3 c > biO OJ >'5 o CO a^ biO 3 < bo O I o O o o 6 fC ">* en 3 CQ o 03 5 en 3 ;3 C O OJ 1^ ^ .ST 04 d d 2 •- '- •3^ a ^3 c T3 tn o '•'"' ■/3 y •- c ■r ^ o ? 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" O en a; (A 5 a 2a 5 d 2 a> o (U a> a> 4j 4> O.Q, D. bO tl O. c.« ■s a a 3 3 3 3 «1 2 2 r* *-• o. o ^.2 *| , o (A m •si 222 A Practical Hand Book .3 O « O -U -ti +3 g Est a> O! 2 fl 2 ?i ® )-< 03 ^ ^'-^ o c^ -t-> — .yj=i • ^ o n . ct3 • ct3 J3 J-i o _: C Jrt QJ g 2 o; ™ C '-' 03^ O „ ■^^ bJO c r" > , > o bfl Or:: "3 Jn O -Ih -t-> -M > p O 0^ rt C — ^- c^ C O !^ ^^r J-" O ^ctJ b/)3 3 o.y bio-G a. c -^-^ .rt Vt_i "O , ?S c« 03 t^^ b/3.- en's == 5 O cS a ^ 03 >-, d d (U 4; O) el Vh Ih q3 biOfcf o pq.2 o CO I o o U i-l 1-4 d) (^■^ Pti a > 2 O4 'S .3 CO o ii ts d ^ bjo 03 >^ biO o !2CJ bX)j3 C5T3 bJO c^ a> . > o 03 C 4-1 c bjOoj 3 C o bJO .2 'o OS'S c p o bX>_ • ^ (si) J2 CJ 3 CO ^ -G -r^ c 'a a OJ Q oJ o -4J CA bO 03 5 rt M Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 223 rt en o r;^ £ 5 ,=^ (n i-i CO 2 -4-) o ON > ^ U T. > 3 >- i; > C ':t: 3 <« 5 - 3 ^S 3 2 ^ S tn o 03 O Co >>^' 3 O O cj fciO r- ^ ST' == 3 ^ '-' in 'Ji C ^ rt ^ 3 = ti ^ ,x li in ?^ o ^ c c Part !>: .2 tn n C u rt u ^ o -^ o ng C o^ rr .-^ ^ o-v c CO "^-^ "5 2 CO u 03 . — ^o >.- o, c o u i;; ^ , O O -1^ i;' X U , o - '-' - - "= -5'^ a — u o 3 ^ •-* C o ? en -/ C ^ O i>C 1^ ^' c . -z tn "•§ ^ en Ci3 -t-" 3 jfl tn t- tn c u r* o O o > P C. S £i" rt ^ , -3 O i' — U" 3 O ^^ j= -- 3rd fc^fw- O O :n •- 3 4^ ^ ;« ^ C C ^ o S^ E 2 >.o^ — o CQ -•- w ,3 > -M ■^ rt 3 O 0-- o 3 o 3 a> a a; 0) o <« 3 c 3 3 Z2 c 3 c« •— » 3 < o o u^ :^ s= a^ :^ ^ 1 3 .2t5 o tn O ^ ^ Lila purp Brig yello Dee yello Brig yello 'E^ > o o r^ •^ «N f^ «o ""^ O Ol t a; i3 ;;t«5 > >-5 cU 0) (^ u o 3 tl en — < 'a to - O) O o c« o C be . **^ ^"^ OJ Co o > c 05 3 o -2 B ■j> — ', u 'r! 5-1 cJ ^ . £ S &1— a; 'a^ +^ O C o ^ ^^ ^^ 0) -i biO-M -M V- 03 ^ fe ^ 2i ^^ a fc .^ !^ ft] s 05 03 . '^ J-" CO G ^ ^ 05 Oj3 '.5 oi o— - £ o S J:! I. TO I <3j v:3 03 i- Ui O r" CD bo OJ O <- 0) . to O) be ^•^^^ - QJ ?^ r^ . +^ C ^ .!>. --^ o. > o bJO 0) a > o ■M o o o O (U (1> |o§ o oa o P c 3 3 H eq be < bio *— 1 ►—J < 1 g 0) -w SfS o O biO c 05 u 6 OS O OS oS u u O "^ o =^ o ^^ •E u ^ O "U — U O 05 CI U 3 O U C4 o c — - 'X «^ . 03 o u- C XT > ^ .i3 2 o o o O CI. 03 03 Q. i^ a ~ cj -^ ? J= o u .Si c '•5 U o 5s d 'o g& i9 8* "3 ■*-• 0) .a Is *-> ■tJ >. >. a a 03 OJ a. J^ c/) 1^ % c)^ o o 4-> o o o >s >» u u >. 3 3 a < a < 3 S V -«-> a; '4-> 4^ u •<-> OJ o JS o ^ o pli ^ > 1^ > o o 1 1 i o — « -«» fN o o •«*• ^ ,.H -«*• rj< o C0 (A 3 9 e fe 3 0) ► (A 0) > 00 1 9 > 5^ 5^ (d cd od •-) hJ hJ 226 A Practical Hand Book W) C en I- - > a ^ Oj3 a O co-^^ < ^ ?^ o Oj J ^ > C O O »-. O u, -., O C -^-^ *" o n >-i (L) "^ o oj t:3 "^^ a . s 8 o ;« •^ t c o <-S qU X! 03 a, ^ J-, o c or- tC >- 5i dj oj nS a 1^ ^ Ji. O) O ™ Co rt o en i-H ? dJ o == F c -^ o o -u O > 03 ■H-o cj O 03 (L) 03 J3 Oi « C CX ^"^ 03 2 u, -^ a© [in .§•0 m OJ en 3 3 u XI a en XI S 0) -M a >Xl 3 O 3 rt -a o - = e o— ii o 52 bv5 ^^ 2 "Jo O J= • f^ >. r . • to c ^ "C *"-< Co 'a c ^ ^ IS O I bA •^ o o c ^ o 12 W 3 4-1 '^ (fi o Cfl «5 O > 3*^ O tyo ^—3 c t^ > O *: o u- r; •!-> 3 E ^ x: c c ?5 cO rj «" w _: Q TO o-§E rt «- cj u, ox: -^-"0 tJ n ^ o *- ^ c c .ti a tn w O 3 3 0.:'^ B. 3 c "^ ti •^ -r; O 3 -n 3'-.-2 ^ S3-- . o ''^ S o t . 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O *^ fcf t/. • ^ 8 en i-i o > X -^ '^ 3 Ut 3 3 3 ^ 3 >, 3 4-1 •— » .-:: •— > •— » >. •— » •— > ^ c>; ^ ^ c« 0 >> < >. >» 0 (U >^ rt rt rt c c 1^ :s 3 3 •— > ^ ^ j^ e *S. 1 4> 'E. 0 i» 1 "a 0 be £1^ is ?J 0 ^ ^ Ch •^ '^ 0^ hJ 00 30 30 CN 0 0 0 0 ^o TTi (N 2 w WJ 0 2 3 •S5 0. ed U Q. 3 >» 1^ •-) 236 A Practical Hand Book P5 g^ 6 .3 O O H 5 o •♦^ •« +3 2 a 2 9. 2 F oj §.2 rt ■fl 3 PQ "o-o CD > o «*- fe . « i: a; rt . t— > 0) c 3 o T3 C O C O u a o u u CO a Xi ,o >> ^.S bjo o y iiJ O) O S'^ •-I (Ti • O) o 2 t*: biO 3 u c o 'a e U o • - u >^ O c ^'^^ Cfi W U( l-l QJ S '-' l-H o . ■J-) JH CO b/)g o 3 c i3 "a . u, W) QJ C! ♦^ QJ o ^ o a; bJOjn O oj o d flj s ^^ Ui C j_| U)-^ o .5 o^ -. s; rN •^ d Cfl a cfl §3 i> £ S ■^ o a - o QJ 23 U, 0) >.c^^^ 13 0) -d v> • — I 3 S3 O -U QJ +j 0) -; QJ 2 '^' 1-1 CO ■M QJ bo d 3 o 0.2 C u ■' a (U CO Cd QJ > Cfl 9:; o^!U I — 1 QJ d 3 d o tn B u o d J5 Tjl "* ^ ba d d o *d'a o o o o 3 QJ -d 0 ' q3 .12 M> • > 0 id > ctf P 0 ss V 0 0 2 w q3 C 0 •0 w 0 to W CO '3 S 5 §).2 5 >> 3 u 3 u I CO o CO "S * ^^ d a QJ Q ;3 o 3 u to 5 ^ CO CO w Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 237 I 4-> CJ *-' ' tfl ,• 2^ ■« c a 2 a." en C^ rt c ?^ o ^ o ^ -J ^ roc rt • — (/) O '=T=.— >.= o ■= O u. j= rt 3 w" ,^ _o ^ — -d bf = rtii . — 3 — tn u u rt a o *-> ^ o o tXi c o O — — O -J •c rt 2 rt > Ci, "^ C O o ^ a -J 0-5. t: rt ): ?= c i' C X rt — . ~ r- rt u: ,„ rt (fl t^ ^^ o-c 2:i Jr cj c l-o CAi ""l-- rt-c rt ^ . ^vSvi: ^ c rt«) bb 3 < u a> 0 >^ 0 c c c -M 3 3 3 3 01 •— > •— > ■— > •""> c 3 •— » tJ V S 9J 0 "a a g».§ 0 Ui u 0 Oi 3 3 et5 0^ Oh 0 0 0 1-4 »-< CO to O) «2 w c a> :3 bo:3 a 3 w X3 S*3 6 .:§• 3 0 8| 238 A Practical Hand Book tf 2 a .i3 O O O o ^ > ^ • 13 U tfl ^ §0 1-T3 O O be u 1- (J 5 . ^^ .o .-A bjo a < "S »-N <-i-i m . (J e^ 3 .S '^ en bX) ^ O . n- J3 ^ +-> . 1^"^ ^ s o ? = o -t-> -u •r* ■>-> ^ OJ Mh 3< I- H 03 o b^S^ . G 3 bJO +j -^ 3 _::; --^ ^ ^ tn U 3 a »-^ c«j2 '"'O be o 0) rn - o ^ ^'"^ T3 ™ »— < r o u bo a ? c c ^ rH JO OJ (u en J3^ en rt a; C 3 bo bo 3 < u 3 Ph j!4 O OJ bo J3 cs o o vO I o to 2 « o «.S Is o 0) •3 a O I G O L g^ 1 -' H-jO D hJ Gh m « •O p 1 4> •i o U :§ g otf § § M £3 t>k ^% t~i h) 3 u nj >:3 -Si § u ^ c7) 1 a t o a § I a Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 239 4> > rt o.S O -M ^ A T -L Lr' -2 «•§ ^O u c o :i: en 5 — C > rs >- c r-^ rt ? i^ V- c < .-t^.ti o o I- o en > ^ ^ en ^ O u "J. 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CD »*- tj >. en 4-1 4-J a a 0) o g a >. >> >^ 73 C/) (/) >> .§•3 8 OJ 03 03 0, < o c 3 o ■»-> 3 1— > G G ao 0) IS O J3 bfi 3^ ^ E & ^ J •a ■s to o a >^ -a -a Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 241 tn CD a- 3 c *-> bfi c 1 en 0 C *-> tn 0 0 'J5 U • ■d 0) • C E >-■ •^ '0 0 0 -o . '0 •i-> ^ E u ^ 1> • »-• 3 i, o Ui £ c 75 '^ 0 0 L^ 0 0 3 0 g E--^S .Si ^ o to ^ e 4-1 c tfi ^. C 3 •M 0) bo c O "to c In « i-i o o •- o o c "> <^ u "3 . 0 J3 4-> 0 0 .E -^ 0 0 0 ■i-t 2 u rt 9 Si 0 4-1 c 4^ u 0 3 ^ >. rt "t;.- -a 3 rt § '-^ b > -.5 > 4-> > ■^ c3 0 3 X3 J ^ 0 1 , J — ^ u- 0 J2 o u o "(3 J2 in .1-1 C c . 0 CJ C bO C 0 3 4-1 tn 0 ^ C bis C 0 Ui •¥ii (A > T3 ^ 0 c • E 1 0 is a, 0 a 'J5 > % 0 to ^ 0 (0 o o O u O 0 u ain ^ 2 u 0 0 0 4-1 "a K3 "o J &"^ o'J So >. 03 »f-< u u Wi ^ a> a> &) ^ 3 "3 3 c 3 0 0 4-> jQ 0 4-* 0 4-) »— » •— » •— > a < 0 u 0 0 0 ^ 4) c c C ^ > 9i 1 ^ 0 0 0 % o fr 4-> "S. 3 u u u 2 'I u 3 a Qu J3 Si 1 -v ^j 5? "rt TJ {« (U OJ c u ^ u 4-> 4> u 4-> CQ ? c o o a. a 0 U 3 -J tf) c a 0 to a a E C en a; to E 2 go u 0 HO be (0 • > 'o m o 1 *s CO W) w. ^ .2 (0 i .s u m o « M W ■♦-• C ed > a od u a 3 s •3 « a ^ 4» "O 1 0. S. m -a a 5 ed 0 *S. w od 4-1 a od a 0 6 0. S a ^ *J a •S M (O 3 a od 0 CO Od u 'S 0 Q. Od ed 1 (3 tn (J •S S 0 |2-J .«2 >W M '3 92 1 « a 1 (o 0) Od fc* .2? : S S S ^ s S ii s s 242 A Practical Hand Book J3 u cn o 5 _ O T3 ^ t'^ C •—'-'CO tX ," biO C 'ri . ^ rt 0) t; ^ '^ c £i 8 a, ^•-•5 tfi • — cfi «- u, I? T3 o o (U O ''' "^ CJ J2 C • *^ . -M rt rt o b/)-H--j o g ^ cfl tn o in O o o bJO c 0.5 ba C u oj o ^ I— 1 ^ o <-l-H (J ^ t. c w c o a r3 cs c f/) (/J -o 0 0 bioO c r.) biO ^ C5 o-d qs (U 1 (; 0 <\) 4) u. U> a Uh .-e-o «» ^ 3 o U (U U. - • U3 C . ^=2 ^ O 03 2 U< 3 CO • aw '-' 2 " .S o o H 5 o o o a . 3 3 G O >-> I o biO . Ui u ■M O) Oh CO d u Tf ^ "* 03 Ui o u 'c3 03 £ H oj bfi 0 rt ba-5 .S U ^ a c4 d o a; s 0 6 o3 s 0 J5 biO u b. f^ ^3 ffl <4i S ^ ^ > en (d 6 (A 0 -o 2 Tl w cd _0J OJ ,0 •0 01 cU J3 d 13 d d 2 0 01 0 0 0 S s s S Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 243 1 be c CM fj c 1^ c J3 a P^^,• c a g > o ^ c v o n •ti «= w droopi cep gre -1-1 CO c O o '5 o 03 u 03 ^4 HO (« O rt c O ■ "* m u "a a r o o ■" •5 abb -g-o o 2 •v ~ c rt "^ rt b: a •S"^ 5J <^ 4-> O > u o 4-> u __o o s E ^ '^ qT Wi G o o 03 n i-i _c is 'c c y u a bo c o m •Ok, en c a a 6 bo . c to c •5 > (A u a u o -o u O 3 u J3 c •- u o Id d ■o - 2 o o u. 0) 0) 2 o a u a c a to u o to 3 u O tn n 3 O CQ bo c n 6 03 O O O So bfl , 13 j, c o •o "- o o 3 t < 1^ >-■ 0 s (U V4 ^ V ja 1 IS «v4 n4 Cu, O I o 6 vH 00 lO 4 1-H •H >♦ "* «-• 'W ^ a; a> 73 4-1 c QQ > J3 flj ^ OJ u m k" — Di; L. (tf <«^ a o >» &k ^ S i: Ef a 03 £ u ^ . • 1 :5 1 2 t at 0) e •c j (J 2 « I • 1 u C o.ii s ( ^^ >» 1 S ai s S S 244 A Practical Hand Book J3 B o o i-i (u CO 3 .S bo CO 5 3 ji»_: ii -H^s-p--^ -t^s-g^. g ie5^ o 3 "" a; bo-*-' flj . . vw w ^ 2 t'S « S .'2 3 O O 3 bJD " n 3 cw'i: cu i-^ »-i o w <-i C ^-i"!-! te ni "^ /-N - -*-> di C CO Oi N ^ •-' -QTi^ o 5:=: . ;=: 0^-0-0-0 ^ S! o <^'B c c c Cfi Cd 3 D C ci OX! 3 c-p 0) ;^ o S 6 o o- o c >-. cti O) X! j5 3 u, :^ o D,Xl«*i C3CCT3 >,a)-MX! O en u O > XI 3 O -o 3 ct3 II -M O i:i 3 biO O CO r3 g "^ -3 3 o >^ *-> cri-3:! tn C! ^ •o'— ^ O 3 cfl UJ5 ^ 3 ^-a en J_r - Z3 Sal's 2 Q .H o o o O ■4J -*J .(3 oi da 3 > I c^ a < dJ fe 5 00 I C50 I vO 'u <: Ci 3 o CX) CO a 3 <" 0-3 ^3 Ki g « tj o CJfcC aQ S +- O a P c8 CO u. ^ ,« 3 0 0) >« 00 ^ 3 4^ CO •3 u 8 "2 3 ;z; u I ■s 4) ca to ^ o3 " oa s o p. 01 :3 cr a o Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 245 I I OD c o "* 3 £i c ^ 3TJ -5 u 3 3 *-. o . 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S C o V •« •- b ?^ a "-'-»>■(-> .- U y u O A C ■" >.s-« r" ^3 Ui tn ■^ a c - ii 3 . >-, J 5 X I- ti ; ac c ^ T3 O JiJ en o > a I- I :> 3 £ u ^1 >•"< c *- 3 O >, — -^ i3 .n c o ^ 3 o o y> , 3 0-C3 2 tZ ■-■ •«-> -;-> (U a a 3 V i» 0) ifi c/) c 3 2 0 ►— > to a> OJ ^ c c < 3 3 •— > ^ 0) 4) ^ 0 4-1 •M jC c ^ ^ Oh C 0 10 'O 6 3 9 a '5 a 3 U (A 3 l-t a; Xi a 0) -_> >, S » 246 A Practical Hand Book P5 6^ o .- o o o O o -*^ 40 jj 2 a 3 3 Q O "~" 2 S ® «^.S 3 &*« f^ tj 3 Qj > SI >- :2 2 2 d § ^^ ^ ti^ a; rt Q, en a t„ )_ g o a 0) o fa (U ^ '& > QJ ^ U, ;> O en TO O G 3 O "^ O 9„ o aJl^ CO — < c> < 'So^ PQ >> rt« OJ cJra d d d>-< Sri rt . o-r) "l^ •^ J.XJ d 5:i ^ S S o ^ o d d u j^ 'cn**^ u tn ►^ Ui V-i *-■ /ii S OJ OJ r" en "^-J J:J O O "5 ^< b rd OJ S 5 y tiio o 2,d cd ^ PQHN-d ^ biO 5 c o a; ^ I5 en o o I ^^ ^ )-> bX)c2 'd d^ Si bx d^o "^ =5 d M-H en en >*^ 1- d en ^ dj en c^ cti en biO S D 03 OJ ^3 > Oh ^^ Ojy-i bO d o ■M Oi •2.2 II O Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 247 •D.2 >» 'Pa 2 cj u m 4j *^ a» 2 u 5 ^'*^ . 2 o cnC/} bO TO W C a; E . • O.CN . w cfi ii c > o; ?« o ^ 0.5 >JZ o 1"^ -•5 "^ _J2 biC'- o u a ■«-> c < b£ u c c £ E -^ o c o .EO ■l-i c <" u >» a bA a o u ii bo Si J= ^ ^^ O u . (fl rt ^ O "*< • .t; bfi 3 o E C" b£'^ ^.2 5 >ti, <" C— C! •0 u i-i ■t-l 0 0.^ TJ 0 C < (C rt tfi a >> o c.^ o u t3 c c o t£ CJ E 0-0 E^'i o >" ,« j_. E-J= 05 p u .•"^ CJ en 00 1-, o 3 en oj E en O en ii o ■>-> w 3 ^^ . O en O '-' ■*-» 13 C O c — .^ 3 "Si i en -S o O 0 en E ^ 5^' 2 L. o E o^ en ^ u ™ w u a en ^^ o -^4 en ^ c a> a bfi« 3 < 3 a a o o a 3 3J:i Ui 3 Oh •o "^ > O c ^ 3 (• o « y '-J O °Ch C en Cm c r= o •^ e^ C o U T> a a> u •«-> &i 5-== u. 3 u u a ^^ fcu. 4-* 0 c oi b« cd a 3 o • 1 9 u ^ fl T § t 0 0 248 A Practical Hand Book tf .i: o o O 80 -, OJ bAoJ > oJ 8 "cn-f^ Xi . O I- N O *- (V £i O P >>?^> ^ bJO m 3.1:3 ct3 > > IS ^ bio CXI I o C -< 0) CX a3_ o C 3 goo rv tn ?^6 -S b; .-y 3 •-' -i5 J5 ^ aJS ao a; .3 O ^^ O -M »-i r3 -Q — rr ? !-■ o ^ 03X3 >. >> o 03 -c: a^ ^ 3 ^8 .81;- 03 «« iH 3 b« ilixj O Clr C-2 ^ 03 -g 3 u £ < > ? 03 bO w 3 3 < 03 0) ■t-» IS 3 _o 03 > -u +s .»a 2 a 3 2 S © !U.S Ml I VO VO "* -9 » O 03 XX3 s ^ S a 2 o ■a a cs a: PQ 0) H O 3 O O) o a H a> c(3 ft O a ctf OS bO 3 IH u S ctf g> at >> ^'S ■a 0 4:] u C4 s> « ft ft ft Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 249 tn o . to •3 cub 1—1 c ••-• ^ a> • c*C Jr; o "J i? en z:3 O O n3 . U u K . tn +j Z ^ Xx: c c 6 0 0 -i-i 0 .^ 0 0 bote rl rl 0 n ~ •a fc: rt i«4 4-> i> en J5 0 en ■(-) ■u ^ 03 r. tfl r" c 0 0 0 0 J3 -1 0 u. u; 0 n i) 13 r J5 a .J^ 0 0 b o-v 0 en o o .Si tn a-- "" > O E . J3 9 a — - ^^ c o tn -J C K^ j5 rt c • ;" ^ rt CJ cfi •- - ^ ^ :z -^ ^ ^ CUuTJ bfl a u 0 IJ Q.2 o 3 O 6 z ■«-> en -C 73 c a ^- > «- O OZ O^^ ^ en g| :2-E!5-5"o^gc.^-a c « CJ -5 c u o 3 O gjoj J5 O ^ s « ^ 2 o *" 3 JD ^ n a>_0 ^ N < 2 3 o 1^ 2 !r> o S TD O .-3 C k- S c.*^ ^ -^ f- 0 en y O-pJS^ g en c-u:*;!^ "-i:?^ = o^o 2 K.Si u Si 3 nj.2 Z enJD bO+jJS > T3 ^ (in r3 o o L& y O.U ^ Q O (U Uj 3 0,0-0 C JL, oJ O H 1> H < 2 a S e •c u c OQl, u 250 A Practical Hand Book a m O > *- • 11 C ^ a *J •- ^ o O) ^•5 c ?> TO QJ " 'H a; uTJ X3 .^ 0«^ V4 J4J4 tn O o x) oPQM > w cu get, C O O) (U X J-) • «v *- " 2 o •a (L> u 4) a J3 O >» +J •Si a > o *0 I S-^-O O rt — O =^ O k! cx-m'*' fit:*-' Jo I— I C rt 0) o.- Q >- 1=! O D. fcuO O O O a •? GJ C QJ o u ^ cu 03 Qj y en cJ CO jC CO C C aj2 WIN j3 . ^ ^ en C C/) 3 O. c o o t en u a c D 4) O > « cn~ C cti y «^ en ^ +-» Qj en w ^ 0) 3 a o Qj en CD P CJ CQ CD "^ P4 C^ E.S bfi 3 >» rt bo 3 >. rt »— > <« c 3 J3 a bfl CJ c/) G CJ CX 1—1 ex 0; O 3 c« u 3 ti cu 3 cd u 3 d S 3 CQ 0^ 0) .:^ TO 3 p.a > P4 Pi Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 251 U (0 o O li S S'oo. ^^ o o a o ■^ :^ ^- - — O O cl S 3 ii rt O J2 ' ' w — r< a . a^ -2 . c rt . '/)•''— I- ^ — Co o c u rt S CO U U -W -4-1 c o O !-• c o ^ >, o o be T3 O u -4-) c a o be n o be ■" 6 •2| o J3 ^ £ .ti t^ en o ^^ CO (A O u .5 '^' u 3 > ^ O o T3 — t- o o o -2 2 =i::J w •r: o u /-> o p •a ^ O u cn b O O ^ !^ k .TS — — I 5: a CO C * I 4-1 o c. 3 c w - w o ^ o-a ^ ^ U iy u: C o G . 3— ^ ^ o o c a ^_. •a o I o > cr; X ^ ? en :« S ti S ^ o -* .— u ^ p-^ *- rt bo >. >s >» 3 3 3 ""» ^^ •— > a; a> ^ =a •°b c 3 § 0 U a; •— » •— » C c c 3 3 3 >—i •— > •— > ^ C bii 0) ■4-> ji« u C3 ^:s J3 0 Si - ^ :^ fri 0 H« HW CO cs Cv4 CN T-l CN "■^ > 04 > "3 ■«-» .2i 3 O >» ed o CO 3 > 3 a > > 3 252 A Practical Hand Book ^ u o a I J3 — 41 U •£ 4^^ J2^ b ^ CO I— I 3 O . o o tn -t-) OJ O _n <-" •^^-^ s^ 0^ i)^^;-^ 3 ctJ^ CI, m^ tn.S U CO ^ 6 O 0) CO I , • »-. o "^ S a u ^^ o O)'"' bjO o C c l-i Ui 2 two 03 C O 3 .1^ sr»i 1 <.i-i 6 ° ca«^ 1 X3 0 CJ . -M a^ . "-9 C C 4) CO -l-> U CO •'^ 4} -t-i ^ * cO «•« ra 2i*3 XJT3-2 CO a hfi 0* shrub shape der p times gray- ,but 1 u ery large, soi Foxglove. E 4) _ ?-» hat tender, kes of tube A good bo rs tubular, som Foliage broad beautiful variet B. C. G. I, ^ « £ 5 ^ ij • ox; >K^ CO +-I ^ > 0) CO "5 -t-> (U bO %^^u <'S«^ ^- bO 2 s .s o o •— > 4) C 3 bo 3 < 3 3 •— > c 3 •— » 0) c 3 3 3 o ■♦J 43 .43 3 9 3 2 2 i CO ■>-' ^ biD tr 3g. r^i "* >«J< ^ ^ •a a cS 0] § ■♦-» 05 (A G G CO 0 ., 0 vs 4) a CO C 4) 0) 3 a> ^:t;5 te-S Qg Oh CU to 1 OS ^ S 3 g •^•?, •d 0 c d 0 6^ B 0) ■•-» . ■«-» CO u w a > d (U '^ 9i 0^ Pa 4» 4) fO G G 4> 0 > s ^^ rchid- wered tstemo 0 c ^-'^H 4; CU Oh 1 0 I d I a> •4-» ci 2 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 253 individual flowers d in great quanti- rder plant. B. C. coarse vine with eaves. Good for tree trunks and tty, variegated ribbon-grass, is common in old gardens, in masses along streams or .2 ry and tropical in us black berries in 3r shelter bells or well-known shrub with sweet- d flowers; one which is good u u O Si Ui u 1^ ub with very bril- c in the sprini;. It ly well throughout d for contrast with s. A. E. G. glaucous; but produce A pretty bo II T3 . c C en u to c c k< a a Ul rt O O O '—I ♦e "^ ^ "- So o o 2^d 3 y U. rt o bO c o S o "3 o > o CO a; J- »- rj C -a <" :i: - O 2 E:g o E > 8 ^6 £3 Foliage small, ties. G. I. u te: 3 a >- J2 s o Ul a; a> a> C C C 3 4-< 9 9 ^ 3 tfl 3 c 3 O ■M 1— » >» •— > 3 < •— » >^ >> (tf CJ CJ S ^ S "3. O -1-1 .§ Ul Ui In o CN wo fO O 00 1 ''l* fo r*< •r^ «-4 »-< "O C) « a > o ^ 5 1) > O b o bo •§1 ^ lo U o U 1 = Ul (A 3 3 n u Ul 6 as d ^ s tA .3 5 o Ul O o Ui o ► 5 •o ta a u u o « a bA o en d o s bA "3 > o in > 5 > M a OS 3 S2 ;2 a "3. Ul Is ^ •:2 J* o 9 V A •B ^c 43 P< f^ P< fU 04 S P4 254 A Practical Hand Book a c o is o « tn -■ I QJ 0) fe Jin ^ en O Vh 43 O .5 ^-^ u oc! o ■^ 4) ^ > Cl to en en o3 iJ § >^ o O"*-" — ' ^ ^ 0^ oj bo bObo ° eu h: 03 ^T3J2^ .5 o o o O -U += *3 ?s CO 3 2 « (D p.2 09 •a a -^ -^ o S bo O Q 0 2 0 'Ih G a 0 0 ?» 0 M ll a« ^i! Ph ;d •53 -o "o g 13 .• '^ 2 3> 1^ p4 P^ 0} ^ Qj o3 G bO ••=! G s >; QJc/5 t— I .a o a Oi 0) ed da OS OJ ^ ^ ^ ^ "* CD .g 0 a 0) CA § ^ cut C^> •— 1 <: t) • > ^ P4 (U as a> 4) (A (U d^ ^ Vh P4 0) 1^ 0) .9 '^> fit d :3 J3 O I 00 JO TD G Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 255 ^ * C .' .- a> o 3 o5 rt a> _2 - I- j3 ^ «fl V- -O ^ rt «J " O o e o ir ■— . 03 :: • < 5 ^ ^ ^ S o 2 ^ c o-r «J > o J= j= J= o c ^ c u. 5 rt o S^ ° fi ?i — * r- •' — ni 2 rt « o 7 <-> o 2 =: ^Ji T3 ? o p J= o en • - o c2 o o tn o X 'Z o •73 C O C O JS O CO en ID > . t Org "O O tfl ^^ to "^ E o b«^ C 2 ^ u ~ O = J3 "^ >, _c 0) o I o a u ?* o 03 "I 2-- w 'II c C '-' O t) c i2 tx o (fl i5 a. >* >> bi) bA 3 3 3 3 •— » >» 3 •— » < < <« «» <« 2 2 V >— » ns «> a> « c < C c c 3 3 3 3 •— » •— > •— > •— » ^ 0 4-1 0) • 0) "a s IS 0 »- a 0 Q Q a> u b£ k< ^ ^a (k: Whit pink 3S. u 3 CU CI > JJ o 05 C X u: o 07: i-i -G ojCl, u E >CL, •*3 3 bO (A C3 ^ k4 > Ui o o :3 o S'ts 3 *t3 cij «t3 - 3.a = ,^ W ;j i-" _ u 01 a ed a> > aJ > -ti ed "O «^ «^2 >• «^ 2 "fl" M « H w H (A 0 0 0 0 2 " 2 '^ cu CU 256 A Practical Hand Book O ■4J -%-5 - be o o -^ !^ too I to -2 ■'-' CO Q OJ ^S?:^.0^-^6 QJ O g^5 O a.S2 (D J >'^^^^ -- >> C ;r! C CO oj o*^ a'^ ca o CO C^ (1)13) ,«i C/l O o 0) e (U +j rt 0) aS**^ o "^ Jrt 5f? TO OJ O be ♦-4 c "O U) a , O 3 l-" /-, »-• _( CJ 3 >> iio^.Xfco^gu. Tj (U 3 OJ a 0)3"- is <^^ C CO £ 5« u o >> 3 3 .2 oJ > ■>* C3 Oh a> vi s» 0 a rrl a -»-» 0. a w X C/1 0 :a M u di Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 257 QJ O I" OJ li O o >, rt u- 03 -< D. C >, K. o < e o ^ ::3 (fl > - o o ^ c rt .= r^-t- ::;.5 vu= c Cfl C Q ^ a 3 t« I o "^ c c o n^ ^ c o o .5 ^ u ^ >.!-^ CvCffl S|§. '--in i-i a. a; 72 tH ^r-' 03 < c = f-, X '-> O ^■' ^ ^ C r^ o u C^ c — ' S i: --' -^ o o u o •*o • 2 « '■« ^' ^;:^ c £:- ^~ "- -J C; o ,*• ^ -a ;S rt TD f ) ^ ri =A .— ^ rt F c V '■J rz E ex. o o u o c rt is 3 J- a ?> ^ ^ u a. o a cj ^ o en en k. u S 3 *- "S (9 y< -5 d f^ IE U 5 o > •3 H 0. 258 A Practical Hand Bcx)k .S-^ti ith dull s about eading, §•2 "- u c u ^ oj 1 cj •;" o ""^ -" 2 8 "" Si 5 ^ O n-^ -" 4_) •-< -^ ; 6 il|=^ iJ *-, u, CQ O c fcfi-- biO a; c . 3^ S 1 1 C ai «J o 1 o o >-> . K3 u C u .5 - 1; o bfl CO oJ C »-i 1-1 o o . u. qu CO biO ,» w 0.2 oj ^1 rt o3 3 O OS to-*-^ >. >% >. >. >. 4-) c3 rt 03 03 03 o > a a a a a 3 •— > < < < < < o •5 Si 3 1 . ii -(-> o 3 0) 15 0) O Pi OJ •t-> O 3 a ^ Pi ^ o 4s w^ • «-» (n ^d ^d .S •S ^d es o VO ^ vO o vo 00 2fl 3 3 a ?> — ciduo prgre Vine •bace( ennia TiH '^ Tj< TlH "^ Tt« vH fi«"=l i-"(N ^ ■!-> ^ ^ oJ ^ c c 1) ^ U "S © ir* cj.S wDh (a •^a (U .tiCiH (U PQ m3 (0 CO O oJ nJ > > :t3 o V 0) eU 5 eU c(3 a u o o* •5 a •§ CO •4-' 9 o 3«* pq 3 ^ 3 U2 3 £ •4-» 3 (A x3 CA O O O o "S o o CO 52. ^H «— 1 »^ 2« — tS >» 5"^ ^ ^ 2 ^^ ^ 0^ PU p< fU p^ Ph P. Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 259 O X I- <" o c bo bO O nJ^ ^^ -^^ e 3 " O J=tt3 en (O CJ o « ^ ra o CJ o c ^ bo "^ o tao J3 . ■>-> en •r 5j o3 *^ fcfi tn p "= 2 k.' 3 CJ G U rj, U- o £ o o O B u O c *C o ^ u C — . o o-^ o^ r- O "^ *"" .£ > "» o oo< O rt w c 9 jj .o u a • u a i_ be >J iJ O ^ . o bO-C en (U >.C > 0.5 •O O 4> n CXI h: -w , CO Ji' u t; c 4i 3 w j=^ ^ o C r^ to «.2S3^ be (b c x: a o «-. o o a; a; (u o •^ o en tC i< u u . . . 3^ ^ dJ ^ -?^ =•- 3 O Q,0 rjUijQwjabOaJ C bio bio 3 3 s < < a oa =a •— » —-> o a V u . r>< fO tN CN « O >o «o «o «.H o* T3 OJ > rt «j a; W 1 u c a •o C/J o O c v 0) o u J3 bfi 3 a *^ en ha Q S C/) oX C/5 :«8 O o bO 0) *-> en O e/i 04 00 a b£ > en > ed •a t) u 260 A Practical Hand Book o a R L« O o o H pq o -t-> +3 +3 2fl s rH(N Ttf bCcd w o 0) ■ss ca ej ^ rt 4-> n t^ i-i o o u o "rt > ft5 < ^ «J ^ -1 0) CV^ ii ^ +-» -o t >» u; 0) T) «3 a» It S} (0 J3 c tx d Cj .2 S o (U t* (x< fci o 2 S c! «-> d SS S , y' r-l CD O . 2 c o (V en S^ o bo • C O OJ «-. 4j bJO IS >, a) G "-^ C b« 3 oJ ^1 »— " -(-> a "J ^ S^ ^ o £J Q bi)^ 0) . d > a; J3 d bjo d a 'O bi) tL. d a d o bx)'" 03 t^ a g-5 d ^ § a^ d . — . o O . bog d a> d c3 d O)' bo:^ ■t-> dtw b«-z: «j — ^ cfl !> U3 d 4J o OS y 03 -u CO U-t oj o »o ^9 1 o o to to o I o CO o I o CO cs cs bfl^ d W u 3 Ui >> i-i o o 3 d a cue/) -a O n "1^ fe c/) c Q bfl a 2 p4 «o c^ .2 O 10 J- (JC/) s m 0) bO 1 1 s i i ^ § g t» at tA < JS M tfl CO m o a> .^ a> u o CA 5^ ctf 8 8 0) a (U H a « S 8 S d o 0) t U u u 'O o O s s PU a< Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 261 ? J« rt o ao E o c en-.- T3 s u o -a ^ c C u — "^ .^ o O r • two tao ■>-> 73 rt C 5^ o — c Mtii C u u O -p^ •^- ^ SJ - 4> o C 73 J3 o ,• C ^ ■'-' l-i o "7" -^ a tx 0.2 •55 -2£^- Sh-.q f u u: •".::i . ^ O ba rt c^ o ti bfi O Ir-^ a c «J be tc O •-" ^ ^ c — -^j: C = 2 > i ^ i ,- c y 5 b-- -J o = O tiC - :t: fcfi •5p5i) — c: y rz ^ i- P u *- «^ . 15 "^-rO 73 rt U C3 C t)< C' C •'^ U, C3 u. — o o 2^ u u 73 73 ^ c be o . -. O '* 'J 3 t£ ri 42 fe rt ^•_:: Curt 73 ;^ 3 o — S2 O 73 . >,.2 — tj^ .= tc o =2 - .^ o o lO r< t^ 00 »-H 1 o yb o •-I CN y^ i o u H 4) a, Ml W o > I S 0) V !j9 u H a-a 4> _ 4)T5 oj «a"l 01 » sa u od u *-> cu &. sa «s a vM u ^ (U ^« 2 c (u zi o •— o a ^^ !r 3 E =3 C/J a> u i; ^ m u > a £ S- ^ cd Q< ^C/) .i-'" W^ g Ii I, 3 a 4> 262 A Practical Hand Book .3 O O o O o , -U +3 ,^ " a (N Is rt rt Q^ ^^ o o o £-•> ■fe ^^ flj r^ Q^ b£^ 5 > r bjoc« oj 0) c bJO ^ u- . o o u c Vh u 03 ^CQ^'0 c\3 oj oj S-* -M >- +2 c > -y CQ o « »-' cti • 2i ^.s< T3 O O ■si4 c3^ Oh . .S o -O biO a; o > :^ .y H 3 cfl 3 rH en bfl.5 C «J O S o C4 (1) 0) n, 0) O 3 "o S^ CQ „ o tn 3 "*- k W v*^ o a> n J3 o >. 9 a cd 0] pq n a o o< OS 0) o "bi) at > a bO a p» o > CO a (U bfi S «« ni !_, a < is « .a §^ .2 o 5 01 IH d 0 d m XI •0 •c n 0 :3 ca JQ •^ crt »-i 0 q3 •0 CA 0 c .^£^ S .- ^c'oKi, ? ^" rt Q, jswhiti oojrt pa 3prt 2o£i:o i/j " ^- ^-^ to ij ^ -J ID *-^ ro J** tj *^ ,-* cj ij •-' *^ 1—" •;. (L» 3 3 u — < o t, -^ rj u — '- u O ^ .« — o »- O -v a "* Q. ^ 0000 o I I I I I O O O Q O _C CO 1« 2i rt « C ^- i:= ^=S^ COS Sm rt «. ton- 't^'^ 9.-^ . n* S-^ 2 c CQ .5 S' < '5 Ac§ ^ ^^5 c/) x = "^ tri k « 4> o •2 a ?* 3 00 wl od at ti > 0 03 s 0 u ,0 U) -8 5 a 73 9 2 « 3 (A 3 3 r S 1 S d '§05 8 -2 'g "S § 3^ Wo 2« 2 2 9 9 2*3 uH 3u 3 3 9 0 3u a>'0 Qoi d d d d dO I I 264 A Practical Hand Book ^ Pi © B p 4- O o o H « +J +» +a CI ©i>-r © o © 0) a) -l-J u ^ £i j_ be ^ a3 .t::; a; O o . d o u en O U 5 ^- > P ?^ W QJ ^^ bion:: S c ^ ^ c 2 oj c -!-> > ^ 8 o 1^.2 8 ^.'ou'^ 3 o c -> bJO XI . bJO a '-^ bi) fc o . QJ C y cj .in biOCN oDU • CI,'^ - • en ^ C bJOi^: ^ S ?:? o aO ^w en o '"^^ ^ bJolS^-M c-o-r; cJ •-H .-< TO (]J '§ e fe 6 5 s ^ ^ en -r^ oc >^ c3 a O __, oT G ^ '5 en QJ ^ C C 4) ^ 03 1) K "^ -a ^TD +J ^ OJ C o ^^ ^ • ^ ox aj<^ en H l-i J , *- o3 ^ ^ Irt <^ 6 7^ c o <^ (L) . en ^ijq biO'o ^<^' 03 u PQ f-; bfi*- C O 0^.22 a o3 (U en ^ 'ci, S"fl tn oJ ^ rt (J 4; ^ 03X.S £ 00 o to o »o o o vO I o »o cs O 0) c 3 -a 0) d o w .g S ca CO I Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 265 T3 C c t- 3 03 4. 3 = ^ ^ u.ii rt-Tj 3 O o — fee C ^ O oJ C TO . c *-> o n bo i-i C O rt = := ^ ^* t: ? jiics . O bO .^ o'" rt ^ H |_ r- '^ ■/! a, — u. fee >,-0 o O >- 5 o^ ^ 2k4 o c . . •-* c c o SJ "O a; o c t- '-' 5 bfi fee 2^ ^ tj o « 1-^ ^ o tf u o .x: li- fee" S o ^ J= c o ';i^ .S2^ fee:_r • ^C XI •5 c w rt 0.2 o o > L. U > ^^ 5 o 4-) a _G ■i-> G * 0,8 ■uTJ bO _ 6 cd ex's ^^^^ n •— •:- * « ^ Ih 4; 0) >> jj (M .^ ^ ^ ^ W U< r^ ^•- — -a rt w :5 O o Q. o ."^-rj U -" r ►> fee I — O o rt ^ ^ ^ c o = o 6 0 g 0 ^ "<»• *o cs u V c u O OJ 4) F c '^ o «"--[_: *_ u u r^ OS C en .a I I > (U J3 ^ «• > 5 3 m U3 0 0 > i3 >> Ui 05 10 w ^ 00 30 3 .9^ .3 a, 0, I 1 266 A Practical Hand Book tf B t4-l O o o s o O ■tJ -t^ -u ga.9 2 a "9 o a a m ;:^ ^ 0) J3 bA CJ a oj *C o I cJ m «2 ^3 CJ c i.« _ -3 '" >.^ 3 O . Ui CO aj ^ 3 i3^ o (fl cn cn O o . •5;i c . V. ^ . O . o . O Cfl QJ Ell k o > u- rt c^ ^^ CD rt CJ c t5 dCiC 3 -u a ^- ^ ao-oj CO §< CJ .J^ cfl a o c CJ cti c ^^ is S"ln *?* .^ ^ c ^ u <^ o o u j2 bO fc/) 03 O Cl ^ CJ CJ -^ 4_( > 3 O Cfl o Cfl C 3 Oj -•« Cti OJ ^ u^ . o a OJ OJ Q '!^ -^ c o o CD OJ O CJ a ex o o p< c3 3 a a CJ o Q a 2 d o a 0) 0^ Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 267 i-i o. 0) *C a > Oj= •r; en -^^ u »- > o w . a C G i> rt O o t. eg % o • ^-^ . O 3 tv O 3T3 b >> O 3 ^ _0 u O _0 J^ "5 i- 3> "^ £ ^'o o ;i .-3 b ^ r rt o i" b£ -- ^ «, 31-0 2 ui tc-^i . fc u o y^, • O O . ^ a 3J= 3 ^ 3 ^ X) t« c o J=1^ o o__ 3 • c be O • - n"'o r- —^ >•= S bo2 "^ 3 t >- 15 ^v2 E '^ a> >» a; 0 0 c 0) c c c u 3 :s 3 •— > 0 3 •— > 3 0 J3 E «« ^ c« c 3 ca oa ob >. ZZi >> •— > X >« • ?• a < rt ^ (9 a ID c^ (U (U 3 . n} 3 0) 4-) J3 Purple magcnt J3 4-> a 0 0) olc 0) tn 0 0 ^ b« ^ 0* Cii X hJ J HE* 3 00 00 NO Tt rs c< 0 •^ "^ «*> 268 A Practical Hand Bcx)k a g^ o .3 O O -t^ -t^ +3 a ^s, 2 S <» «.S H(N la •a a C! o b O > a> C c en f-j ^^ b/) OJ c« "-" ^ > OJ o . OcdJ § CO O « '"' OJ biO w . 1^ -M c 2 rt ^ S o bx)4j ^ O Ui '^ 0) 2:^ C O^ CO c Ui 03 bfl 1 o o O a J- -r 00 -* .s ^ 3 o; (fl - t . u V- bO - ^ £i ?^ 5 ^ ^^ -I-' 1^ ^ fe OJ 2 o 2 03 r*-\ 'a, CO o3 Tj O o I o o 'a o (A o .ti =:: a o o CQdH a> o n > el •a to :3 _ Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 269 •^^ bo c '$■ 5 So 'tn o c 3 ft; t^ u . a 3 5 o to >. a O p .^ two o tu) m c rt 2 o TJ^ to C u u nj rt u a "w O ^ 1^ >% o o o o — " a o 1^ ^ ^^3 CO (J o 5 o CJ Q ^-> bO . % rt.> a bfiC c o c t^ > ii •'^ -fcj -- rt 2 C« J= T-. rt S^ 3 ^ £^0^3 d- T3 -* - "^ O ^ i' ^ t/5 *3 o h; a ~ o U c ^ o ■^ ■■'"• ."S C O CJ ^ -•a a c c - ? <^S ^ . > O O o O o o o O o •o "«*« ^ »o to ro »o lO v4 6 o o 6 o O O o ro to "*«« rf rM -^ "^ v4 TJ -a a O a > JZ bardy plar bfl o S c o a Idcn-lea Poplar 5 = 2^ Weepin Poplar 1'^ o '4-* o I in rt u o rl "-^ CQ O -^ tn 0) ig rn •o 6 s o od « «.bJ "3 5 la-o "O 4) •^y «4-t en u S2 "o 3 . =• a 1« "3 2 o o CU CU > 0.2 3 > (A '3:3 4i « tn ;^ wO 3 O 3 - '^ H 3 ca 3 al s-^ £•> o o CU (X 5 a 0) •a c bO tn 3 3 ex o hfi 3 ea o 270 A Practical Hand Book 4L c o-o 0)* •Ut^flg c rt rt O^ oj tf a; c O en (^ — ^ CO u. ^ ©:* ts^ bjo • ■'>■■♦« o bX) C '{'' o **-■ en ^ 0) c o PC +j.Sm5 03 „ a bo ^ S »- o J3 biO*' ofc »-, tl bC^ <; o g g S :^:5 to 2 2-c ^ u . en"^ U C! OJ O O "^ TJ - ' OJ S^2 .S en OJ '^ fe 0) •-! C *^ bjo > O) r-^ bo 2 ^ u en o en (V) u. i^ c _ • -l-> , ^ .1-1 en fc -M, . QJ 2CQ a. 0) c "bi) " en ^ "^ cl o en ^'^ ^ O QJ ^ 0) 4, 5J S .S o o C3^ » o I O to bA 3 < 3 3 .2 > I cd «« a -o QJ a a> a> Q 00 I Mc3 H CQ en OJ 13 :3 a is CO o d -t-» o 04 CO K o •c d I I at I Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 271 c a o w . o u . a c •4-> tn (« en ^ P U jr •- i- o 'X U, o ^^ o a o o ^ • o a a • en rt c c _ o tJO •>, o c a o ^ « « • O tfi X '*>i 12 Sji 3 1: u o 2 TO • — bfl J= P a o en" tn P orr jf^i: o r:: . o i> cq "* o "■ ' en "tJ ro c3 p c P S :t ::i tn ~ -; u-.._ > |^"3 &< g^ o2 S.2 ^ P-r-c O O I- _:; tn kJ •<->♦->. ran n ;ii-'-'P ,, o . *- 3 en -^ 'tC'li o ti X 2 p C O J:; P O 3 J; So . J3 O X P o o £ .-§ C — c ^ O tCr, . *^-s > '■" C O X o C 3 o-^ 3 c c o (O C S U < CO •c a < a >. rt I* >» a Q 0) 3 .2 > 0) — o Oh O c 00 I 00 I c • ■4 o t 00 00 s6 o 00 ^ 9- c o CO 3 4-) c a >, "p X a CD Cm T3 > ^ E u 3 Oh §2 si «-• »-. o 0) eS ki Ui ^33 u) 3 p to C is 3 272 A Practical Hand Book 5i (fl QJ 1^ O) CT> '-' *- 3ln ^ O „. TO Uc d) ^ •^ tn OJ Ji "^ ^ O biO G o 0) -i4 U3 CL^ bJO CJ .2 . 1> O 2;=! d) ID w > OJ oj -> O m G 03 Sii o o c I J " 0<« ^ G . <"^.5 2Q X) -G ^ • S^ ^^«^ O O^ G . r C G 11-1 tfl gRQ c o 6.S ^ 8 ^§ > w •i-i Qj w o w /-) TO (§^ II Q 8 a> > 0) S 3 CI. ^ > OS u n d . -o >, ^ to o J2 C 00 o _ ^ u u aJ b£^ c 1 1) -4-1 c P^ ^ 3 c.a^ ^ h t- *-■ I:* O X3 tn u- o 3 c 2J «-i T-i . :- . 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C CO ^ t;? £ t^ c bo I- O o >^-Q ^ > U l-i C ^ .- o J= bO ■" r3 §3 U r- , c ^ a, i3 c . o 1^ & S & S J3 o to -4< »* vS «o o o c< u c C i- bo c •c g s "to aj :3 (A O « bfl o M 274 A Practical Hand Book tf 2 a CO > ^ ^ C > . 03 0) X) 3 S '-' ai^ o ^ 8 o to • Ih (Li C o >,^| gofe ^'^ n en (U cu "J ^ ofe, O) QJ O b/0 3 rt O C !> to O c3 0) *"* ^-^-^ a!^ V^4 biO O -S^ Ci < OJ oj C ? 3 03 4> ^-73 ^J3 C J3 4-1 W) ^ (U O 3 O) • — 03 ^ 03^ .S^ 3 »i2 «.« 3 ^'3 ^ S> bo 4> 1 0 2 • •. a> 0) > c T1 > 3 W) 03 c to 0 0 XI bO OJ +-> to b« 3 03 u 0) >. > 0 ^ u a Ui ^ 0 Ui vw 03 _ 6 3 >4-l U-i <1» to < 3 3 3 < o O in 2 £ © <».2 0) > Si *< 2 a 2 a> •a a C3 OS 3 o I 00 o I 00 o o O I O o ^0 9i a o 131"' o c O 0) 03 {? 3 N T3 3 I I s ► I .0 OS o d bO Ih 0 0) Sd ^ 0 d ^ 3 S cr 01 cd u 0 Ih 3 Pil P^ Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 275 Q ^ c o o o _^ - _ C.4_, ^ en o o ? - en r, O O w O = d *> o V c n3 J« O U o uT3 tn O C c C o C o "2 Ors fc£ '■" • ±^ ^ ■^ i en . i-i V ■!-> Z. (- <— 1 tn •3 3 3 4-1 _« I- c " *— o jr fcf bo w ^ ^^ .s^ o c o «« o o . to . c a o .til OX) «.2 g 2 3 "-« ^ o c -^ ■"• 3 O (3 ^ ' O flj rt 2 ;:::3: S 3 •»-> en O ^:= 3- c3^ r - u >» =2 !:;•= ^^ m 3 rt o 3 (U CI H £1^ oi:.^ ^.t: In u :S o -T3 j::_0 ^ o 3 ST 3 D i» «- 5 . c^a ^ > rt u ^ ^ -r. . - . .3 «l*-'0 £^ ,, - E ou. >^i^ S - !" •"3 i» " ^* >'— .3'a o «, ^ '^ J= O 3 H --a bO "^ o 3 "a*^ u S-d ^ ^ 4-> (O ^ en 3 O . U^ tfi , 3 en E o «-? u ■•n "" O t> ^ OT3 4-.-0 U) aj rtU 6 «:i JZ 3 . o fc£ — 3 -~> O J3 ^ u *- a en fcf) Si rt a -: . f^ ^^ 3 . . O^ r en S el 3 £1. C3 .5 00 to I o o O I to o to 3 3 3 CJ 3 Cj i-i b£ O ^■^ « ^-^ ° u c tlu «n xi *u <« -^— K* a; u 0-9 3 CO 0 !- rS^ Oi Q ^ rt JJ Q. -v p., ZZi d .9 u © o ■5 a o 3 .9 o u a u »4 3 O s m I 276 A Practical Hand Book 2 a a<« o ^ o o o ,S 2 6 ^-S <1> C 3 ^ ■w ^ ij . »" u . bJO --^ o« 2 bo •^ 3 fl> C "^ O ■M J3 ^ bJO-t-> C CO CI. ~ >< (U CO »>> ^ (v: ^ CO ^ CO ^.£f> >. rt & m o a a U -2 *i +3 a. ^.2 2 fl 3 2 S ® ®.S V > in I- -a© 6Caj I o I o I o o 00 I o ^ bA CO biO o x: ^ ■J4 6' OS •c o 09 3 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 277 2 « C3 aj . vO o d > o en o o J3^ ^ m u nJ C3 a r^ ,n ^^ ^ O «c U j:: jc ■t-l C3 bo c fcf 5 c J3 -n n tn J2 Z) o X v> J= 'Pi u. u > vM en JS • -* r% < CO -o o c ^ 4-> rt C u O u tn u c . 3 O . o to be rt C-OM= tc.ti rt a c a 3'n."" = - o 5 c ^ 2 b c £ =" b 3 a >,rt.S jr a en en ■- c c o ^ 9 u c tn rt O tn C i' c jj , w o rt o c ^ u C tn - (n > C.5 S .3 i< « g U^ a rt ^ ^ o c tn o H o rt w 3 O -= <^, f2 cu _2 tn • 3 q tn a . 2^":i ,§cnHo-5 o ^ rt CJ t!^ o ' a - " ^ . bc^ 13 r 3 ^ en rt tn 03 (y bo _0 J= ^ :d tn 3 r» bO "^ i' 5 ?^ b C ^ <- SJ u t^ t« S.3 ° to I o lO 6 O o a a O 3 > i3 o 4-) 3 e s u (A u C 278 A Practical Hand Book .§"0 pq -fJ -IJ 4J 03 j3 (I) gw.a 2 ?? U ;— cj ^ <2 r . cr u a ■M S . , ^ > biO a> ^ en 3 . C OJ u bO >, en en _o <*-, O bid „ .ti '5 > O biO S bi,-gO d oj Qj a'O a -a a a u <-t-i .S o g a> en t-i cj iii fe ^ ago •*-• o /^ 2< o CO O o o CO I o CN »o ■ o ^ ^ ^ en ^ rt 0 bfliS 0 J4 J3 w-^ ax! 0 11) go -0 Wee nglis 6 W 0 0 W Cu ^ a a> 0) oPQ rl 3 P 3 u 0 ctf 0 3 c 3 > 3 > C C CX :3 O ;:3 o :t! o .ti o O O" cd 01 a d Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 279 ^s •5.S .iij 3 >. CO ^ en en 1 (i; en 4-> 0 J2 fO >» 0 C'S? o O 3 u O u o J2 J2 O o a; o C o c ^ > 0 is" 0 0* en 0 J5 0 b£ 'f So QJ ^ bCO T* T3^ < . •^-» tr? -C .S= ba 6 rt p 5 '^•^ 4-1 c u o c ^^ c tx bi^ c .S — en ^^ C CJ ^§ tn d C ^ cj B in" ■t-> u bc^ 0 Foliage deep green and crs abundant, showy a u £ J2 ■i-t l-l o c "a u X tn u. .^ o ><= ^ o il u bfl ^- si 4-) c u -J o c c 3 03 be o -p o •^ . . o O ci be o a en C O en "u 0 In C o CT3 3 x5 3 Ui en "3 en 3 15 ■i-t C a s £ ^ r- ^ U Cl C en Tf o a _-^ c/5 '^^^ u 3 -6 j-> *3 u d a a I. be 0 a r3 J= en u c^3 0 J= en 0 > 0 ,- 0 ^b 0 3 en u ~ ■" 2 0 0 ^0 u 0 u 0 0 en i: en -0 0 •>. 0 ^ to en ^ £ W e^*-* QJ I- . *j bb ■i-t a 3 a ^ < >^ OJ en o 4-> <« "3 0 4^ c 4> C •— > >, 3 3 "3 •— » »— > •— > 1 1 .§ Si a 0 i; 31 "o o • ^ c^S. 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(DTJX" >,OJ:>2:^^ O o 3 tn "C O en CO »-l > -M CO W)q5 ,2 o (u ^ HH b/)c; axj ^aScd-Mw1oC<33.5o^aj w 6.S -r1 6^ biO «> > 3 3 43 tu •^a.p-Sg|S^-°*-S-g§.SS2 3 ^^ flj r!**- n C ,— > 3 o^ O -ta +S 43 2 CI 3 2 g® g.2 Mc3 W pq O U3 u a o d Is s Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 281 j:S .-OK c d o «T3 c ci c r J • ^ > O i^'E -t-" -^ o c 3 U > Oi (D O « O C5 t« ^ u ^- O c3 C.-C « «-i 'J5 " S-o o-a rt 3 aj tfl^ u. > >^'n o 5 i^ is ^ '-n U, C Q 5 ^ ° -5 tn tC .ti S c '^ tn cj c o — cJ b£^ u {/) 3 CO . c _ o u o en CJ Ui u u bO a bO C O o tn . c tn O . . tn u Ci_ 3 u t- 3 tn -I 3«C W bo 03^ o o >^ Q. > >» 3 ►-» >. >» >s 3 3 3 »— > "— » 3 T3 0) a 0 u 1 c QJ (U M ctf (L) Ri K u Q & «N ts 1 0 v4 ^0 «6 I 282 A Practical Hand Book u en O 3 o tn o) S^ a o o o a 3 en U) •r n cti o ^ 5 en TO ^-S o a o B CO U) en ^_,^ c5 O 3 ^.5 C3 C5J m C <1> ■u) (U en i^ C bo • •-; V* Gj O bO > S en rt ^^ en >,.2^ nj ?^ rt en t-i o bo . o O u, bO 0) O > en 3 H^ "O ■^^ C U C 33 3 3 oj 3 ^ 2:i 3 en 3 5 — "pis a. cn^ -bo^ C W3 .3 0-) en en tn bO-O >, >> O rt O J3 g (U Sa3^ o^ 3 cd 'P ^ O -ft be _ . 3 3 *> 3 (i> - • Co" O 3 o o O M ^§ ed Co ^ S ? ^ OX) 3 P-:— JS fe a a c^4S 2 S .300 H p5 o O bo < >. 3 ^ 3 S ^ 5 bb g bj) QJ 2 2® S.2 la « cl ^ t4 ^ ^ CO o •E 0) M (0 o o I eo 3-^ bo 6 a •3 «J • S s o o 2J 3 3-3 u g 1 0 0 ^ u 10 0 s to o S Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 283 TO O ^ w c ^ -a c.b: c t iJ - c rt 3 cn-C (n e o ^ c3 n 1- to en 4J (J C R^ ^o a f> . ■5^ c tn t, ^-^ <■■-■ 4-1 C c 0, rt;5 -S 'u. tn o o t) V, > '^ tn 3 J2 nj « ^ '« v-^ ;s bcci:"3 £ <= rt rt U 0} •5 . ^ "o t« E <^ V 5 u ^ ": ^ t« rt o n p to .Si- ^^ n o o CJ tn o u • "O O CO c 5: o o ^ fciO • c c o .E *o o a bX) c -— _ r^ w X to C'2 3-n "^^ 2 4; w $- =* ^ — . O So 3 Wi ^, > «— tn ^S o o ° i i2 fet^ :: tn- c^ . >i >s cd 9 S 0) ^ ■ft) to 0 y—t 0 10 00 6 <— • 06 «*5 o a ^ ^^ d n ri ^^ E •^ 3cn U ^ u tn 3 O O ^ Sj3 > o a J3 j= oj *-> OJ 3 3 -^-cn O 3 U3 en 0) 3 1: s o > ed ■*-• .2 1.- (oid 2^ .0 03 P. s 3 .9 a. •a en 0) 284 A Practical Hand Book tf 2 a .S o o +3 o o) ' •^ o u bx) . a, cu G 0) '^^ ^^ .2 1 biO C . ^ ^^ ^^ oJ w . O) 03 >- cn -i-> Cu »- '3 CO ^ 3 ^-•^ 2 •'^ W S So ,• bi)J2 OJ > 3 0.- X) o ► «««<' &^ "^ ^ d «^ ^ <-> h "t; c -G ^X5.5 c« o -IJ +J -n S3.£3 (1) g UD 2^ u 0) L" ^ 6 .»X5 « c^ -c ^^ c b ^ .CO iJ o CO 'g^ (D ^ a . a +-> a» O o *Cxi > o P3 T3 a 3 NO •T3U .9 bX) a on 09 01 ct5 u a. u 3 Oh I 3 _ >-i -t-> ctJ en ^ 2 _S -"S S 8 § 0) o <^ x: o 2|o-§ rt CO O -o " 13 -w 5 ^ ^- ^ o ^ u u < 0) o !^ S bX) » to ll 0) o X>q3 OK 3 XI o Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 285 3 u c r= o . o a O > tn ^ o ^ O tn rt > O *-' u o • =* e . j: o w en O C n o _ ^_o o d^ rt e s *^ o o-^ O CJ •3 2.S en — 3 ^ . u . uQ Ou o *" c 'Ji ll o o a c en o a a $1 O O Co Wi o o (n u a — > to gi o 03 . «sD 3 O •a o . ^ b£ . c« ■t-i i: o b£ *-• o C en ■^ c c O flj IS «J u <« S o • •>• "^ 5E a o . bo OU, rt fcfl bfl' •Sq -- <=> -J ^ » V' S O u u. ^^ — ' rt G- oJ <'^ C bC O y C J= C CO- *" ^ ^.£q en ^ en 3 X 'XQ ^ £ •-• L- •»- ^ ^ r* en o ^ - o "^ 1% t^ O 3 > en -I-' 1-1 'Z o 0 0 4-) c c cn 3 3 0) a> 0) OJ >. fc/i •— » •— » c 3 c 3 3 c 3 3 3 < cy <« »— » ►— » >— » 1— > •— » >, >, csa 1^ u o.ti 0) en 0 w ^ c it 4.1 =3 J3 3:^ 0 S2-C Ic >* ^^ C^ Oh QLh ^ O to to PO • 1-4 0 0 0 Tt< I* o o 0 CN PO «o CN vH »-H ■♦-» ^ A; 3 3 Is C 3 U CJ 1 a ^ 0 0 s u •n J=-l 3 OJ 0 0 H ^ CQ C/) .2 « CO Q. (U ed 0 00 3 Q cd od u ed od u 3 s ^ .Q > '^> 3 en en in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p< P^ PE^ (< Pt; Pti Pi Pi 286 A Practical Hand Book .2 o o H 5 o o -t- -tS *3 a 3_ 2 £ 0) «.2 ■ilN -( o a> •3 a sill en -ij "O "^ u o ^ . J2 o c ■£ tn c3 . 3 0-- c« g c/} li > .5 a 3 .2--=: < to' c c ^ e 03 vO 0) CO OJ (U C tn rt O s a o CO ii en .5 2 CO 0) en J3 1) o [SIS en ti bX) ui • oj 2 o .S o •ti p:^ CO OJ CCS >> o C^ ^ en • bO C , -J 3 . C u c o o o Cd U> U 4-. "^ ^ bo rt <^.S a; tn »*-i Q, bo (U ^ «».S <5 cd gft w^ f< P< Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 287 o o u en ^i a> o Cxi o > 5 o o ~:,j^ U C w J3 3 O Co 3 O -a ^;5 h o < Sd C3 > u.^ to a :> to cj tn XI o 3 *-" IJ U . o ^ 3 u ^ ^3^ ^ ri • Co'*' ca-r 3 (0 m O en 2 3 « O c^ 3 - TJ O rj "" E o 'C 3 £i I- .h a 3J= Cj O W > O O w 3 ^ ^^ -^ -3 '^ O o -^ '^ '- - <^ "J:; tyj 3 ^ a. o tn .— -^ O n == — ^ iT >- o ^ '^ o c-r^x: bc^ ^ x*n o ci a X TD a u^ i^-i to en -M ■i-t •M ■I-) jj 4-> ^ a a a a a a a 9* o o a o o a> C/) C/) C/J c/) c/) C/) c/) « ca c^ =y cy cy =a >> >. >. >» >» >» >^ 3 •— > 3 3 3 3 »— > 3 •— > 3 «> 1i ^ F= Ui 3 J3 3 ^ -? O rt O a CU en o. ^ o u a (J Q ^ n 4-1 o C/) ii u OS •St3 > 03 > o ^ Pi s •a :^ 03 u d .- 4, C3 a go Pi > OS ♦- t-l * 3 •" .3 rt D PJ > otf 00 rt >-• M 3 d .ijpi ^^ C3.S O "^ go. c3 0) 2 3 3 d -So 3 d o PS d'S .2 «J CU tM ^ in ^ > d'3 Pi 09 a> M o Pi M (A O 288 A Practical Hand Book 2 9 a<« o o O ■*» -ta 43 B. \K. 2 a oo 2 £ © «.2 :2 ffi= S 3 N a * o © •a a 09 at Jc-c s ^ rJ jj ■•-' 5 S "^ 'S "^ "^ "^ 2 ^"^ fe'B CO *^ bJO QJ TJ ^ O ^-M o '-' w Ir >-i (-! t- 1^ nj ^ aS.5 bO a a a o a a a c 3 3 3 3 ^ ^ 3 PU • c - i 3.3 (a O CO o Ui c 0) CO a rt 3 J-i CQ p ^ c m ■o (V <4>J <\> CO • ^^ u o J3 0) u ^ (A o bo fO CO CO I CO I I CO I CO CO CO o PO C/l l-l U 3 u a u O .a w 3 < CO (A 0) o PU -a CO Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 289 cfi xn _r I tn no ^ *.i2 o Cj^ OTJ Eq j: ja Uh ts -^ b «^ 3 O ftf 4-> P^ ^g,r 2 ^ ^-^^ ."£ o b u u u Si e-l5 03 rt — .^- 3 ^ 3 Q >, CO' 03 C bA «3 > c (4 J3 3 O 'e o CO c CO X) 3 o en u ^ c -2 c h (U ii CO u CO "^ 3 3 a & :§ 0) o; U c c c 3 3 3 J3 en 3 ^ > 3 (X. •2 en c ili o en e > *c u (/) ji ^ I I I to lO lo to c * C rt O •M !> c M be a C"— > c7) 1 »-< a a> O >i 1 5 a > o n > > a> (A od a -1 > 0.0 s- s« en bO 3 b£ S b£ a p o Co p b£ 2-^ CS 0) «'2 * 2 « *> 0) 4> s-^ en 2 en Jh go gSJ p< pEi Pi pEi Pli 290 A Practical Hand Book tf 2 9 g^ o .3 O O o O -u -t» .jj e3_C .ti o.S a. a> o bfl u ^^ en 3 O J Oh C^(J)^ o o Kn u. ::? ^ '^ "-^ K3 C ^ ; o O-^ O C/) 'Tl u- ^ ^ ti 03 >> '-•5^ O en I >, en 03 b«4j ' ^ " " O J3
  • •^ en 44 t) en 03 042 >> 44 C! L ^ 1-1 d 43 CU u »o VO c OJ a> i: C en o3 O Co 03 0) a> c/) > o to U ctf -♦-» P< 01 to en tr" 2 0) CO o .a 2 ed CO O CO 043 >— > (^ o c 3 a (1> Q VO I o *C *c3 u fayO 0) CO cU CO o Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 291 'O 3 .■a o ^ Xi to en .5 > a o 01 C^ a r IT C« iJ O fcfi 3 r- en 1- fJ OJ C 0,0.3 a S^ !3 a-S ^"H £i ?< CJ CJ c cn 3 O a; CO ^> m 3 S o O . 1- « tn • O ir Q .^^ . > O^ ore '^ two o .S u CO Cj w rt a OJ O ? v^ <1J > o o aJ ,^ O (fl o c o c c ^ JO o, .2 ' .'^ Co rt o CO l_ cn ^ c B U' U . CT3 3 f^--^ X O O " -J d fi ■»-> en t"* c o-C o c ^•""■^ o ^ a ? rt ^ cn C o 0.2 p O (rt ;a bi a -^ u C a; J 0) >.^ rt^ cn 0-S2'^ OJ o ■■* ^ ,^ -t r cn w o , ^Cucn-t-ic^coO.cti'U-MUO ■t-i 3 •r o (U . 'C y > ^ I -a ^ . o > . 0) CA O > o cn ol .a ® lU o J3 3 O -a B >> >^ 3 3 >— > •— > >, o a "3 c 3 c 3 da c3 '— > >— » 0) c 3 a; c 3 m C 3 4-1 cn 4-* 'Ui IS 3 15 Pu > ^ 5 ^ CM lO »o >* »o vH »-t 4 ■ 1 1 o 6 »— • TO rO »H »M tp^ cy •o U cn O 4> O) o £" s > cn O o o 1^ 5 :^ CJ O o •a 292 A Practical Hand Book tf s ^ .t< o o o o o +i -4J 43 00 2 S (» «.2 3 Cm T-1(N Ttl .2 1 "3)1 •a a c3 03 Ih V- ^ C a; O o) "* s y *^ *55,^ en 0< « '§•3 0.2 V4 cn 0) u 83 30 cn !> ^ 2 O cn 00 ^^ 0.2 biO cn J3 o . o cn u m cj 3 +j « cn "* O - C bflii O -M o to (U 0) cn .2g £2^ 3 o a> .^ >-■ cn 73 C c3 cn 3 fe bflt-^ O cn 3 oy 3 3 (U c c «'. c 0 0 i-i U 6 o 3 O cn Q CO J3W a. TDK m o CO Q a> Q O o Q I I a> o O O >» Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 293 o Wi u a u c 3 o to l_i o «c en o u O J3 {/) 3 1 O Q u O TT< c o r° 3 u o o -a t^ fcfl u -t-l V en . tn'O'^ ^ ^ • o r t« -§ a-5 'c o o c tx c o c« o CD o 3 tn C Q 03 > en rL k- u *- a O p *" O Im en 11 1) o J3 a> a» ^ en en *-• Cj 4-1 U 3 4J Wj <*j c •^ o o JO 3 j-i O O OJ C 2 -a^ o °2s <«4 2 •- aj3 ^ T3 c 2 U! nj 5 rt c ci o 5J O rt ^ Id ri 4-< r •" O en en 3 ^ .A ^ en en .»« J3 en u O i> So^ <1) l§ ««»: 4-> J ti.'" C) en Co (Q ^ . o o rt en > -" O C k- k- rt U o 2 rt c rt o *-"*- u rt o ^ en T-( 1^ o «J o 0) bo 5^ -J ^ ^ . = V- 2 en bo O • u O J20 ■ °-5 bo en c k- j_! .-3 O "P en > C tn o 2 "i bo I 4> d 3 (A 0* i •o ed :3 XI P4 ■♦-• (A o > a> C/D •>4 0) «> us XJ s H Pi (U ^ •«-> O Jr/ 0) ^ >^ Wi a Pi a o 4-1 3 . bO . ri e^ "^ c IS" §^ >. >^ X >. >s 3 3 3 3 3 u. •— > CJ •— » •— > o •— > o •— » V (/) oa c 3 oa o3 3 3 oa c 3 oa 3 O a •— 1 o a •— I o •— » o •— » >, 3 c c 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 >— > •— > •— > •— > •— » •— » J^ u: ,i4 (U c T) 4-* c C TJ 4-> V iV! ^ U G a J3 O 4-* 4-> 15 4-1 15 ja bO (0 O 4-1 o 6 1 u 3 ^ 1-^ ^ ^ lO »o lO o o lO to »o o CN »-H y^ »-^ CN CN »-H »-H »-H »-^ o «-l O o to o o o 1—1 1 00 o to TO fo to rO fO fO fO <« ca ca oa »-H oa oy »-H ca ^ «^ 1>H »-4 »^ ^-H »— 1 1-H 1-< 3i o Is cu3 bC c J S 1 a In en o :ii c CO u 4-1 > 4-1 Si o u 6 >< o l-> • QJ B o o c c3 4-> C14 y 15^ C3 Q^ ^ ZJ (>i & ^ £ b£ 3 I 294 A Practical Hand Book B P4 'CS^^'i>^.S^ a*- ." o w o o •*-> -kS jj g M Q> 2 «i oj «.2 a> > ?! *-• m 5^ -OS CO « O J3 iH o _ is' ^^ O (L) 3 CXJ3 +j o| o-S c-^ O ii u a (0 0), . o cs 3 O _ X) en a^ cnT) 0) 3 cr (U C nS biO _C '3 ^ s 5 -^ 9:? 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QJ 1^ <-> ■^ CJ ^ tn (U O bo c Sn'of^lrog o en 3 o d O Ji 2cq •1^ to 0) si -^ ^ bo «53.5 3> 0-9 o rt ^^ 3 .s > 4-» "O c c bO J:: ^ ^ c |< o ID en CO li c3^ >>T3 4^ CO bO«*- O O CO CO c-o 1-1 > o +j 3 , c^ (O ^ o y_^^ O u 3 OJ nj ^ c 43 bO C a, Q U -a 3 0^ n I-" o QO CO O ctJ S6 bo 5 c ^ t-^ ca ZpQ o o « 0) >» ,Q ,Q Wi rt O 1 t 3j bA ^ 5 > O I w o 5 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 295 o -o o o ^^ c o O) en 3 3c:S "^9 0 CO 5i e3 " -Jii i« 3 O •W 5; r" l-i O C D •!- 4J > > 01 O >-■ p t3« c 1> c u o (A U I« 3 C 3 O E2 If) •i« en ' E o _o o S C u •« Vi.< CN >» 4_, O 3 > tn a o a: . 1^ - en .ti o 1) «n c <" C^ O u O C ^^ u 3 u- O a; Si c o t c E-c »- O rt ^^ rt ^ o « O u c,2 bfi •« c u ^ O y c u »- rt O 03 C O g.abo^^ c-a g 5i g C3 — 3 o 2 arf o g 2 ^ ^15 ^ i. <^ ^ 5— -" tn o o — o O O « 1=^ ? ■5 = 58^0 -. > rt ^ _:: u o -, ^ (fl aj O a 0 (fl •-" — o u en o P ^o'^-oti^ o ■" ^ l-H 2 J'S = o tn i^ X y en en rt "en-i CO ^^ fi\ r#s 4> c c G 3 3 3 •— > ►— » ^ 0 0 4_. 0 •^S C "u >. bc^ rt c^ a 'C'aJ 0 =" 0 a; Q oa >. PO g: o O 296 A Practical Hand Book 2 S .3 O o H 5 o O -2 c S 1^'^ Oh ■" S £^ ^ O (y OJ IJh u-' " 3 ;^ O 3.^ 2 O rt 2-5 <-■ Q< V-U r: • Ur t3 aJ a, ^ ba CO oj to >» sj 3 >^,^ ^ S5 bo G a> o <« 4-> a 00 a o y -)-> CO O «:• C C (D O O >^ tjo .Si ^ u cti U 3 -t.) S rt C^-C 3 1^3 C tn 03 03 S X I O > > > > o o o o ^ ^ iz; iz; o c 3 +-> O (U o > H > 3 •S'O u o a Q 3 ••-I a a a> Q Ih a Q 3 J3 PQ d^ a> 2 a n 3 2 £ o .2 3 '^ ?< o 3 » ^~, S is 5 > 08 •a a S B o o U :5a Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 297 > o > o 2 > o > o o > o > o > o > o o > o > o > o o > o o a 0) U 0) lU (U c c c c c c d c c c C c 3 3 3 •— > 3 3 3 •— 1 3 •—1 3 •— > 3 3 •— > 3 •— > 3 •— > c o u ^'5 O C Q bfi n) Q w u 3 o :9 •a 3 od 0) I I d o m o •o d o PQ 0) 3 o PQ d d :d o 0) (U V 1-1 (A 0) O M 4) ^ 3 J3 ja U u (A ex d I cd Q o o o •4-» -^ C d d u 3 3 o o o T Y 298 A Practical Hand Book o o s 3 .2 o o o :?: o X {^ > o > o o c 3 > o o c 3 > O o +-> 0) C! 3 O > o > o > o iz; o ■M 0) c 3 > o iz; > o ;z; > o o +J c 3 "S o ^ ^ ^A (0 .2 -a i-c cfl "d o >. :=: 2i .Si S T- 6 en O •c ^ fe-c >'C PQ u U Pi o c c « u ^ o O 0) u a S e f^ ■»-» > S" J3 *1 Q o +J +» 43 2a S 2 £ a> «.5 •a •a a 08 cd m CQ ^ ^ CO CO a> 4> -Oo 'd 0)^ V 3^ t: a> 3 gPQ cr o o o -♦-» O Q •d t J?? >% i a> pq s 1 u o < H o H CO «*^ VM U-4 H-i V) o o o O o o (U 0) 3 ^ •3 3 3 Q Q Q Q 9 ? Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 299 >> > >>>> > >> > oo o oooo o oo o oooo > o > o 4-1 0) O 4-1 a -t-i v 4J 0) 4J ■♦-» c c c c c c c c c c c c c 3 •— > 3 •— > 3 •— > 3 3 3 3 >— > 3 »— 1 3 •— > 3 •— > 3 3 >— > 3 T3 u in OJ o U c ^ o c •2 a U to o = e ca u fcT) u J3 3 .2 ° .ti ^ o .2-^ ca o "^ c '^ ca "" ■^ o > u w 0) > •♦3 i-i > •a a> 3 5 o w k4 > u (/) 3 3 a 0) o •-) a> o o ^4 uo •«-• ^ "S. s H 4) s V M .b Ul t ? T ? ? 300 A Practical Hand Book c3 (D a a •a a X > > > > > > > > > > > O o o o o o o o o o o 2 a iz; iz; ^ ;z: ;z: iz; iz; :z; iz; iz; ^ S'SS o o o o o o o o o o o H pq +-> +-> ■M -M ■)-> 4-> •4-> •4-> -M ■M ■M — > »— > •— » •— > •— > >— > >— > »— > •— > •— > »— > 0) c 'b u u . <1^ c/5 u . d 1 1 C >.d i-i "o O _ a Q i.S o 0) O u J3 O l-i >> u 03 j3 '£ 1-1 T-l 1-t ^H *H 1-1 ▼H 1-1 1-< 1-^ tH Qw"tSl T-lN T^ W) > (A 3 o a 3 en o O 3 at 0} o u O w d o I ■*-> W d W >» at a> Ph o o 4> u (A O at o (A O Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 301 >> >>>> > > > >> > > oo oooo o o o oo o o o O 4-> O o o O O O o o O O o 4-t a> a OJ o o o a (U a; a> a> 0) OJ c c c c c c c c c c c c C3 3 3 •— > 3 •—1 3 3 •— > 3 •— > 3 •— > 3 3 •— > 3 3 •— > 3 3 -fl «', o a •?; .S •- r, c :L QJ 2 •- i- 5 o :r^ o •T3 O O N •3 u o i-t M ^^ •E •c o U ^ s od o 0) d T3 0) od od IS ^ ^ ^ 0} ■♦-» U 4> 1 "3 1 d 0 1 0) H t-l U 0 H4 d 0 CA d > 0 0 0 0 C/5 d cd l-l 0 en (A (A 0) (A f^ (A (A Q 4> •0 1 T3 u d d c u d '«-• "ifo oj cd > 0 q 0 0 ".5 T3 d 0 •0 0 id ^1 n 0) P< 0) 0) a u t-l cd a; 3 0 od •5 •5 ^ S s s S S s s s 302 A Practical Hand Book 2 S .5 o o X >i > o > > > o o o •Z 'Z 'Z a 0) 3 3 > O 2 > o > o > o > o > o > o 'Z o ■«-> c 3 o .5-3 o ca CO £2 I o CO a O) 0) Q a (U Q 0) 3 a o o) o Q 2 S s.s O) on c9^ 0) 2 £ © «.2 :2a •3 a d 0] n Wl (A I a o >» 1^ a> E: 0) o <4 1^ s d o >. a o pi to 3 Pl •s o o u p< Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 303 cfl O ^ C' a o "*^ > I- > rt O en D O 3 3 3-^ y 3-0 a •r 3 o ** 3 1— Ct 3 M§ 5 o Is o c n O X C v« K ♦> rt u «fi u i-l 4-1 a > > > > > > > > > > o o O o o o o O O o ^ z "Z 2 z Z •z 2 2 2 o 4-* o o o o o o o *•> o o 4-> (U a> o a> 3 •— > 3 •— > 3 •— > 3 •— > 3 3 3 •— > 3 3 -o *-> _^_i c '6 1 c O (J C o o -a o CL ^1 X) o • CJ o c o a, to ■5 c o en U s a) E Q 2 Si, Di u ^ a 3 o Q u m o Q^ 4) a> (A o > CA l-i T3 3 O a; g. a> 0) 1 1 o o CO a> •^ 0) d a> u d t3 u 3 i-i ex t-< a> 00 « > u ^ u CO u o .M J3 u u P > > o 0) a> d •21. 3a n 304 A Practical Hand Book M P^ a«« o .200 Q -fj -u .t> S ^■^ 3 S o — 2 ® -i o 8^ ^'^^ c u. ^ 0) w ^ ■1-1 CO r< ^ j-> CtiOO ^ >.^ ^ "71 J3 "^ ^ O O ^•S -ff 3 u -M ^ Ui ex o_L yj nJ oj uS to a> . o ^ 6 6 43 u o 3 r.) P 01 o 0) u 73 w a 0) o o fa 1 1 1 at (A o e 2 u .g I I 0) .6 cd ? ^ S 43 6 O a> 6 «> ti o s 9 ^ 3 o 306 A Practical Hand Book (D Q g«« o .s o o H 5 o O +i -W 4J It «4 In Wi u 0) (L> (U 6 a 6 e 6 S 6 6 e g 3 3 3 3 3 CO (0 w (0 CO < < C 0) S.tJ J3 CQ ■u O > o 'a a> Ci'n Q w o ao 3 u OS u i-i a (L> Q Mc3 W 05 c3 0} •or d) ta 0) o o d cS B I a> a> toa a Q d d o o •r> d ^ bO o CO o ;^ S In 0) d o O cd Pi Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 307 IT in -a o o M 1% 4-> 0 0 ^' O ■t-> O c ■ft 0 3 0 u 0 e s 3 '^ .2 Ic "O JS JJ U. d^ . 3 5 'cfl O o > 0 0 a 4-1 0 "bi .7: cr^ c ^ en" "So en O i/ to 3 r- 0 (/) be -3 U '^ J -a 3 0 ~ES 4-> o . O tn 0 < "a §ci o ^ c C -^^ -0^ J= to o •a i^ o 0 k. 0 0 • JI.5 Wi u Ui u Ui u u -4-1 OJ O) (U o w OJ o u B g s £ 6 a E 0 B s B c E 6 o c 6 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 *■» CO to tf) tn W (0 ^ Ui tab < ? < < < < < < 1 C 12 C ■q, ■i-> a o C "S, 5^ O o E 4-1 o tn O ■ u w p. rv/ 3 a d O >> < >^ O Q Q '- a 0.^ ^ »o 01 fO "«*< • ^4 — — --— -H ^^ ^ ^ T3 o ^ •0 . > a o 3 >^d *-> 3 u 2 12 s a o 4.* aa •S S 8 (A M fli •0 13 4^ od a> 3 M "a s & 4-> .5 B as 3 (0 3 O C/3 o a 0) T3 3 •o o d *d 'o 0 0 0) ad > 3 O Ui d 3 >' cd 3 3 m 3 9 1 P^ a, C/l C/D C/3 W ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cki PS M 308 A Practical Hand Book M tf K « fc-o ^ o .2 2 § > ba J: b S ^ ti Cr" ■!:ii2 3 O .^ ■• ^ O^ iJ o 5j ti .^ ^ g S ^ d §^ ^ c o «-. Ur^ en o c O J2 o; o C o a o ^ -M o !- J- 6 0) tc ■M J-i 'SoxJ CO «J o • ^ ^ biO^ X ^ • •t! ^"^ "5 0) h J-I flj ID lb- CI. u, »C (V) ^" .2 SiS <1^ ^ § ." o o H 5 bA 3 ^ 3 a c/) "3 a bi) 3 a en bis 3 < o 3 < o O 0) -fj +> ^J si vO (D O 0) > y "5 ^o to ?s m 3 "2 ™-'-' "^ S Mo3 P^ Xl «tJ •a a 03 ej I-H o;^ cU m 'B. u a> U3 •o ^ ^ ■^ o O d "o O .a u So. o In o d 1 p« 3 to OB s 8 0) ,o ^ *^ •« {) ;3 Pl« Pi Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 309 I I ■ -O CT3 -$: ^^ ^= u >><^ o <1^ r- '^ -a ^'2 ^ 5 cj 5j I-. -r Lm **^ ' r ' W)cn >.^ — ^2-1 . .2 . S^ "rt "^ Tj f^ C C O ?5 •> ::! O ^ be «- 3 >, > 3 zs (- rt t^ T3 F O O . .t: G - ^ !« cd :S c3 o . ?^ 5 fe "5 . u O O > C u o rt ^ fc: C -7" -G ^ ■■« Q. C ^ 3 ^ S- o d 2' rt c o a CQ P o u CQ a 4-1 C o u 3 o cr:q rt u 1-1 « -a E rt ^ r -^ >. o X2 C rt o 2Ci .- a . £•— en '<" rt^ J- 4-< C c o 'C'3 . c zL ^ ' o c '- . o ^ . •^ o ^ ^= ^ o "^ rt £i o 2 ^ >« 3 •— » ^ C O 9J 2- o O o o o o to ^ S Tf •»1< Tjl -* es o o o o o ro fO fO fO fO fO ^ o a 0) 3 'U ^.r^ 5 •s rt c ? c 'yp "o O ;« c ^ CD o o (0 8 1 I 0$ i i 8 •a « 2 -o o .a o CO 8 1 •a •♦3 •5;a s 4) •o 3 a> ^?. a •3^^ •a Vi (A 310 A Practical Hand Book PH o a Pl< *- o o o H ffi o -IJ +3 .U> 3S g- rH(N ^ rt <^ o'^ *■" QJ -D ^ CO J-. C Si sago J^ W 3 rj +j (-; W "^ "3 Irt ^ _ (D a a C (-1 O (3 biO >> __, r* C ^ OJ ^ S 2 vm rn j-i tn ^ ^ ^ • bi)-^ i2 ^ C . U C nJ C c3 w bJD o oj 05 r3 >-< l-iH Ul "J • O G •r? 3 U, ^ OJ 3 . CU O) - H CfHj (L) 3 rv cti biD 3 biO_^- 3 3 S 0.5 S 3-^ ^ 3 — W) c 543 (u o; 3 3 o^ -" cti XI 3 >.^* S ^ . X)^ OJ bfl ^ oj 3 P a^ cfi "bl) 3 r3 o o^ . 3 >, O j-X) bJ3 -< > o cd u S ^ cd ^ 0) .'3 en 'i. I s 04 (O > Oi cd o 8 OS .S o C/) c7) c/) Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 311 *" -^ ^ ^ "5 "^ ti! O - CO . c3 c O U u rt o ti c-^O -^ •r o -i, . c-r — >J ri =■ >.— bo c c .5 3 ^^ o o - 4) CO o to O — Q s^ j:: Uh <->-i ^^8 c C oO 3 O P is , o • ■5'a. .^ 'ji >^ St o QJ O J= o c _ u c ^ j=: o -^ -S ^ ^ > X -a -< -^ O u a o c P o ^ CO > .. o ? 2 :s Z u 1- o r" o ^ o O bfl CO C (O C • o ^"=^ b£ a u u^ . -- rt C - O 0] J2 . ^^ bo . C CO :^ "^ u ex O CO u a >» o ^ **- o Wi a; CO CO "O ,-: ^ 3 ^^ 3^ _ s-i — to c u a o :sx: (U ti rt ■«-• bo >> ^ c - J3 CO a - ^ o Co .=i ti: = c3 r3 >. >. >. >, 9 C/5 3 3 ^ •— » •— > •— > •"» >» c» ^ c« oa cy 3 0) b« 0 0 OJ •— » e C C c 9 3 < 3 3 3 •— » 1 — ) •— > •— » s 0 3 4^ i{ .0 XI 0 c 0 1) 4-> •4-> jlj •M •4-1 (U r; Ic > J3 bO "o a u 0 ^ ^ ^ > Q 0 0 1 1 «N 1 00 0 0 cs «s c^ vO ro « C a 4> bfl •*-' .« u >-35 as •a C/3 CO 9 &) ^ CO ► ;3 S 5 u OB 2 0 (d > :5 > -^ ^ otf rt CO (O a 4) Cl, cd C/3 r(< ^-< •0 •9 — ^2, leaved ge bo C/5 bfi 1 'hite ow Sage I. |5 c ^ X — u. 5 a; ca 0 -^"^ -S& > _3 PQ C/) •a 0 0 0 cS C/) s S ^ (A a a> -•■• ed i-i o. I" C/3 ■3 t/i 3 H OS CO 312 A Practical Hand Book Pi pq o •SM en ^ OJ > rt <1) OJ 4-1 J=! ^ ^ >. cd ^ U o > <^ CO o S O CD ^ ^ CS oj ^ CO O .ii O 'w ?J "■' r-- O =3 cd i c 1^ 03 -: 0-; a a; b/o o . a . 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(U ^•a bioic) ^2 ^2 3 U :2 C4 Pi o o )4 O o u (D •3 a « oj «i ca u> 0 (U 0 3 ctf P4 l-l to CO 3 3 0 u 3 3 4:1 43 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 313 •52 <-t- U W o ^ . 2 3 ^- M o jc-— . ci- o 12 i- o u > O u o i .2 ^ to bfi c a o o £ c o fciO u c -3 cn vj "C u- v_i 'V 3 r=--'^ — C = ^ u o a. 3 .a o Ui D- • a 'O o •-* 1:1 in Ti a rt O 5 ^« O o a o '■« > 3^ ■<-' w* 1> -J <« tycri-3 c -^ o bo S-6 = Sa* •^^ 3 *"^ E > bO o J3 3 ^.y ., S7, O '/i 73 ^^ -^ <^ 2 ^ o rt >-l - J_) *- o ^ <: - 3 bc ^ •■" — == E^, 3 < 3 3 < 3 to 3 03 c bO c a 4; u 3 a a «*) c C 4-* > o bfl c *o *-• c ** 3oa o CQ o I a o c/5 Ok"" C3 o (0 (0 ;=3 fld 0 s fi u 1> (g ex O a> •5 u 0 d 0 ^ ex > 01 CO ex s ■3 0) 0] > cd en c4 •a u 03 5 5 (/3 C/3 o m "a (A C/3 314 A Practical Hand Book tf fcuO W »-• ,n G _^ ■^ S 8.S G «J fe it ^ ^ ^ I^gO a o . aj (u 0) I -G two be .fc. .So m "3 O «4-l O G rt^H rt:G . 2 fl O (V m fl ^ a ■l 2' .^ a; w 5 >^ *-■ o o -G u T3 en 5 i- O •a a S-i Wi a < C/5 bo .s o a 0) J3 I c7) G iWd G i O OJ n O *-■ rrS b/) bjo-TH r?^ ^ . vJ: G ^PQ o -^ >>•§ H • u< ' 5 -*-• (U"S G ^ 3 oy oy G a Q bO O (L) :g ^ t« o ;rj BJ o u :td V) CA «t CO (> § bo 09 u 0) o G OJ G 3 «J 0) biO •a a> o 3 CD Ui . G 3 ^ ^ ;^ o ! o •r* -M cd g;^ 4) . -w +-) Ox) § en G^ C 03 O -G^ .3 *^ Ui QJ O tn u bO G CO en 3 bO 3 < I G CO bX) oj C bO 0^ ■eT; ^ o OJ3 biO ^ G.S "^ en — OJ .y ^ 8s -I C en O « CJ b« G O o go. w ^ 1 1 3 43 O l-l 3 a 0) > ed bO o cfl nJ -b w G.T3 ca^ O «« O 'S o 35 N O CJ eu •G bA o u u C/} (» 02 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 315 3 i5 ^ 18 o § . u c-g . . t- 3 ^ . rt o .^ bo 'VSi ^ C •r t: ^ c C ii tn en ^*- p O ' ^ en oJS rt a> u .5 "5 a— El rt ■r. .i-i a ^— (!> *c _C r 73 J3 en 3 J= r- ^ c h/ 4^ ^- r3 eO E ■<-! O rt O^ - >.^ CJ . 3^ b£ d 0) .Si 'u a en to C o en ^ " ,« > w u rt ^ i- O C en - y c rt "2, rt enO O byO tC O .£.2 ^ o c Q ra ^ l-l '£ In £2 o ^8 rt . '^ ^ . — o . en ^ :? rt c O ^ o *?'= ha o ^ 1 rt 73 O »L g a •*-' I— J ■*-> C/5 tiC 3 "O 73 O 73 ^ 3 en C o a. a ^ O O ^ en i2 a aw U b£ u 3 c3 .— Co ^ s >« < fci) 3 < (« c« <« oa ^i^ ^.^ ll u •— > >> a < a < 3 «— > SJ s a; > OJ 4-> 15 Si ^ ffl^ >: ^ Q e c c •v^ f^ o so •-" «H o ^ Tf< -t 1 ^ a s ^ "o c c/) a. MM c 2 P J3 .3 C fe O J2 O ^ 0.5 C5 125 m o a . to -i +-> o 'I' 03 '-' '^ o3C5 QJ o ^ iH o - QJ j^ aj 03 -O O u en u 3 o o . 4_, QJ c 03 V) TO O ("H 03 O a QJ CO QJ > QJ C u QJT3 Si P en > 5 ^ ^ o3 O tr> o '*" O 'cfi 03 "^ 2o bJO O U U Ti QJ O QJ O P^ M gj c ^ ;i o be cti >% Qjfc.5 aoj I— J bo 3 < 3 O a, I— > a; a 3 »— > C! 3 13 g o c • flj-ir QJ . 03 boT? en bi) 3 < o O -|J 43 43 C3^ 0) 2 a m 2 £ aJ «^ 3 f„ e o 3 "2 £? " S fl Oi I> Jit ^^ w •a a a. a 00 I a en O bo S o3 V) a CJ Q QJ O QJ ^ Q ^ ■^.2 a u 3 a CJ 0\ I VO es VO VO 00 I VO es es c^ a QJ O biO '-' C O C/5 a o 1 CJ 3C/5 Oh O 2 C QJ ^6 • in (/) 3 3 u d o u xn 3 bO 3 § 0 ,0 « a> 0) • iH (A d d 13 K ^d (U 0) (0 xn Q 3 -d OJ O (/) Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 317 ^-O 2 — .5 «-■ ra en <4-i >-• i-i u O o ^ y j« -^ "^ :^ « E C 2 5J TTl t/5 -fcJ • II w - 3 "-I o c o T-" «- c; o V5 >, ' M i: O r3 ^ '■ c — o f^ o J-: o > >T3 ^Jd-a V, rt rj a CO (L) ^^ ^ -^ — 2 ii :^ o . — £ o o o 3 ;^ u c o o ^.^ ° ^1° ■- c '■" ^ -* •^ l-> r- > '- ^ rt T ;: ::r r^ r< •- ?-jrj:::uurtr--.-> ^ ^ h a a CO H O. C/3 c< C/D 4) C/3 <^ ^ ^ bO bo 3 3 < < >^ >. >, t» >. O . oy c 2 3 3 2 3 ^ >— > ^■— J ►— > ^— J 1 . >. >. 3 3 •— > >— » C J^ a en o a 1 a *Q, 0) en 2 4-> "cu "a 3 a Q JJ O •a d ^4e* d d d _d _d d vO ^^ o 00 00 o 00 00 rO o o 00 o VO > > > > t e: a> s.e 4) cu o. a 62 e a> 4; OJ C/D C/D C/D 318 A Practical Hand Book pq O ->i -tj +i o « a, 8.2 CI 3 -^ « M 03 w ci cS 03 ^ ^ ^ -^ 3 00 .2 o ■»-H I 00 >-> Ih be O J- o U) O o (L) )P ^^^ o j3 • »- c J-j G D en O) tiO > ^^ Co "—I o I—) •S " id 30 .-> ^^ <^ '^ en C -M^ .— OJ C 3 0.2 cd^-2 en - r" en O 4J O) .> o ^<« O c C CO — « c^ J3 O 03 • 0) to C en 0) TJ O O 03 .in 1^ n 2^ oJ 2^ OJ S cd to 6 >. en 03 W) o til a^ ^ a^ ^ tn O tn o 0, en c^ n O o <-> C 03 o bo da 3 IS 0 "a OJ a 3 >. (U a H) en 0) ■0 en OS Pi 0 Pi CO j_, en t-H 3 O 3 3 O X o 0) xi u o <1> u 0) Ur V 03 0[3 -"^ jD-r-3 >^ oJ "li en Q C 3 ^ 0) <^ 3 C 03 5r^ « Si (U QJ O en X o) bo a> 3 03 ca a < 3 ^bO 'u PQ I 13 > ^ ed u 3 > P4 a> C 0 d a 0) CO c« w Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 319 r5 o O > ^ <— =*— ^ O ^ -t-t ■^ c o - o^ I- U. crt t?o ^. ^-= ^ 2 o g". en o ^ ^ L. rt ° n — E ,° 05 C Uh O g u u 5 rt o T3CQ :i o C C/3 >«^ o ■^ t/) .5 o +j tn (^ Ui 'si*-: -^ en . tn c • t i: tn ca •/ t- o o 5J ^ ^ ^ a; i2^ .B ^ C o o o 3 E-- o en , . o o C3 p = rt T-i "T! Cj 2"^ 0-- o C •- o o rt t'O ^ »— , a. JS a J3 e o tn — en ^2 o J^ S o 2^ ^ o o" en en "O u 5 o u c ^ O u . ti O ^ £ d . O u- cfl O o fc/) en "TJ «<= rt ^ O C o o O. c o T3 *" fcflcn o "a u +j c eg S rt a <= rt 5 ^> o g tn tn en D r~ w. .n o O u *^ a aj CO ■Si O bO o c en ri C O E^ ■M 4-> -ij ■4J 0 -t o 4-1 2 o -4-) 0 oy 0 2 3 •— > >N >« >, bfl >» >. >» rt 3 3 3 3 ^ •— > >— 1 »< 1— 1 ^— ^ ^-2 ^-2 11 0 "a 3 1 -si ll 0 . - 03 >> u. a £5; C ^J 0 >^ C i^ 0 >^ 0 t^ es o >o VO v6 1-H fO *o 1 c "a a S o U TO "T" c a •—1 3 U "Zn O Q U Oh T3 6 M8 0^ ? cS c 0 ^ a; 30 2 02 0 0 u c r3 rtT3 ao ea bA — > CO a. •a 6 'a I 2 .9 .9 4) •C fl) c75 .a u ■sa (A a e: a ua o ed I I I <8 (8 t o .a 320 A Practical Hand Book K (- pq 3 C> P tn en ?:; TO (L> -o-c 3PQ C-9 ^ 2 3 . O 03 a; — ^ ^ - en '-^ C_ ID'S CD "O -O u. o fe-Q c ^ J^ •-• en ^^ -o.tl ^ •r >ji .^ •* en >T3 en rt O en TJ (U u 3 c a; be 5 c .2 c en 5 K^ (U^ j= K ^ i: C . > +-> ^ — -5 ^j: en CvJ a^ bJO p (^ •ij ^^ .i:; en •-< • g biO_- CJ TS ^ ► . "^ 13 bi)— Sua) •7 <" bo *? u <^^ 0) C 1-1 ^ 3 Co ^•cd.-^; < bb ^ 1=^ -;^ 1:i 05 ^ 3 e^ "^ 2 -^ b=2 2^b biO S^ ^_) 4J •-< C 3 u> C u en r^ (U <*- ^^ ^oJcn^ bJO 3 < 3 ^ 0) o.tl ^ o > u •a o ••— » Co cd 00 I VO o U o I o o CO I o C C en <^ 3< c < rrt cu c a p «J 3 c 3 O ^ >. P4 IH o (d a. 04 3 O4 u 1 3 0 Qi 3 (/) etf 3 rn o e CO Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 321 0-03. tiJ3 ^^^ -^.'f r-So? "P ^-c < 3 rt O o o u:: .0 ^ '^ o CO CO __ en C Z ■I-' CJ ^C J^ C I c ^ c ^1 6g is§ 8 > W CO H 3 ^ >>2 5 .2:5 5 S >>ii l O . > "^ tn-O'^ OT^ ca WwiS -joj 3C3« 3^ 3 S^M "wW is CL.a J; u» J5 k Qjqi! C ^ ^ « S ., ^ rt O QJ C ^O 4-> o 2x1 <.2 ^ c c ^ •ti C n tn .£= la TO •-< O • CO jG ^ o Co ,^ g-o^ cj — "^ -C en ^ ^ S 'U x) 2 (u rt O ^ 2 "" 2 S co'^^' •S.2^ £ ^^ ^^ a^ o S h/1 -M "-^ C U5 >- 5 ^ c ^ biOO ii -ji j^ ? CO ;s (« cfl o ^ rt ^ . O -f^ m « 2 0) 2^ ^ 6 t" K. 2 =3 23 X *^ O Ui 0) <1> L« 3 O o u o bX) 3 < biO 3 < da "3 U3 ^ ^ ^ c 43 be vO Wi a 01 s Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 323 ^ tn . ^ a o ■*-» o o "--a o . c > '£- £ 3 t) '/) o o c - <^ ^ rtO^ C, 4-. C . O -r- tn -> o — P:: 3 o • X tn en -C (o o -■■ O u. C o CO .5 J2 .£ 1£ £^ 1° 3 C,^ C3 ^ >- -* u o: t/3 Ifl -00 ;:) ^3 • •r en t^ ^ u C to 0 tn.2 " — ^ o " en o •^ ^ fc > <£.y ^5 U'^ ^ o c c o-a j= > 3^ 'C^ o u •^ c a % (^ oa c« 3 a 0 *•> 2 >% >, >— > •— » 0 c c 3 3 3 3 »— » •— > •— » •— > jrf JA J«J li a; 4-> •a c J= a a •M CQ'C cQ'j: :^ S{ 0 0 0 Q ^ <*> 00 -^ 1 Tj« -* ^ •^ 1 to tT5 » >.-" u c Jri «^ a 0 £^ W (/5 ^ i>.b; (0 II- U 0 V Pi 3 u- t'd ;;i Ih > m a> 2 -» >» pq 0 « 3 Si 5 a. CO CO .a .a CO -3 u i u a 8. ^ SI CO 324 A Practical Hand Book 03 T3 C .2 OJ o 3 3 C O — ^ r^ |_ O TO -" K« <1> fe o C "^ J3 O -M o 5 o a pu2 C biO . §8l^ '=^ a cmh CO 3 ^j:: H o . -o 1^ u biO C i^ 03 ^ C-r CO ,cqE<:^ ..s 3> !>3' ^ bX) £0) o 13 o O +j CO 3 J:i ^ en _ . . u (ti ■ W qS .5 .tJ o o O -4-S +3 43 g fct 4) ■■^^ a .« eo 3 8 g — 2 « .2 .^ fc- K (^ "^ ® >-K m is Men W a (/) o ■(-> 0) c 3 I •a (A "3 •-»'a CO Oj o I 1^ (U.3 at VO (/) i ■*-> o .i3 CO ju ^ > 05 e 3 03 d ^ ^ VO 23 •J o s «^ p Oi «t-) o ■^^ »— > 3 NO > o u n CA CO Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 325 C a; U U) tn 0) 0) » o c tn bfi en o two C C rt a to ^ u ? c O ci o :s o O tn g ^ "i-i 3 C O^ .- _C en COO > ^ ^ '0.3 3 o I- >^ :^ o ^ - _ ,^ tn ■^ Tj ^ -Ih 3 O 3 i> o -l-. U 3 . . c O .•- tn tn tn tn . Jh O >^ '73 o-^ C 2-^ a ;:S . si tn vj ^ -r o . E-H tiO tn 3 WCT -J .2 O ci CJ V- ^ tew ^ ^ O *- rt « r3 -■% CO . '-n Q i' ii tn V- o JS t: a. 3 0~ 03 8 0*3, ^ u, tn o o j2 "TS tn 130 o tn OJ 1^ '-n Si 1: a OJ= c O u :j en U Q Ul Ui 3 u o rt --=3 tn*^ o CiO ^ - 3 CI, jj J- v„ BCJ < 2-a i 3 ^ _ a, u d CJ u to >, (L> >» >. >. Zj rt 3 9 3 3 3 :^ •— » »— » •— » •— > •— > oa o» «» «« oa oa 0 S 4> C < :§ 3 3 3 •— > S V U 4-» ♦J 9 l- CJ 4-1 J3 JQ a 0 ja ^ ^ 1 9 > ^ Hn Hn t^ •* 0 «H v4 c* mS I 09 o I 9 u bO W5 >» o C/3 ctf u "o u 5 326 A Practical Hand Book S3 e .=! O O g bC « 2 £ (D 4).2 :2a o55 pq a> ^ <" ^ c Is i; e c o o u, o 2i o-?5 o o J- en o 3 c a . ^ ^^ 03 a (u • — qU en X) . ^ . C T3 fcJO 3 cti CJ C > <*-!>-. O 3= 3 Se b e= 8 «:> w n3 u-^ g O +-» I en S^ ^ 3^ en **-• o S u, en _r< a; -o • -• 3 -O.rt ^^PQ 3 3 3 ^rt 3 CJ^ C u £'o_S ^ *^ O J-i O -C o > ^ en <+H !> :3Jil ci c G T3 biO "^ -3 o.S-r, o >3 fe rr X o ™ ■^ J2 X i+i 0) bJO o-S ^ O O. O- en — ' o «> 3 3^ GJ 03 •-^ ^ u 3 03 3 ^ o3 -^ J5 O O 3 ii ^^ ^ 3 C/5 ^ 3 3 a 3 3 > 03 03 eu CO o ■a bO 3 < & a 0) Q es I x: ct3 *- 3 C/5 o a ll •♦J CO a> CO •4-» CO biO 3 < 3 03 a> -M O 3 tn • C s> fC .»< <1> 4_> U O. T: a rt G w en ^ O -^ «n c 3 E 5 5S c O- o oj ^ !r; ri rx; X i« o ja = 3 o bO rt C OU CQ w a r* o 1- ^ t£ O ^ .2 -^ a o -• ^ 3 ^ J? en 4J • 1- riZS ^ o a O ^ i) •t-i *-' •Sac > J2 O tn ^ ^ 2 g ^ ^-.-3 ■^ en -M =^ 2 • C « bo « H G en- .'2 5 e ^ a-gr tn o P •C o tn <-? o O 3 tn a o o o . c >.y^ rt ^ ^ ..£ ^ c3 C *" "^ tn — tn C 3 1- u u- — O rt 3 3 O •M rt ^^^ u — r- C * * 3 c r o ja 3: bfl ■^ u :y c3 tn T" n i^ >-• "^ o ^ P "* O **- ^ ^ 3 *^-3 'r 'Ei'jj 3 — >- rt p ^ tii'^ P' 03 • 3 CJ '-»(^ . J2 tn ^ O 3 o o^ £i 2*3 o. < 3 3 •^ d !! o •5 ja 00 06 fi ^ ff 4-> a 4! i *•) •§ ii 8 0 u. m o I CO I 1 I 9 328 A Practical Hand Book ^ Ci) ^.S QJTD g.-y "5 aJ J3 2.S c^ i« J3 C ct-S •:|2 c ^ C u zs '^:c *$ . rt biO ^ 3 SP i- '*^ '^•- 03 t. O ■si •5 c c Ui £. S-r X"^ T 'So s U TO C ■!-> > 0) en JiT r- « O 3 J3 a j_i O -i-j 1) ax; ot3 cC O O +j - ^ C o =3 O ^ O -^ if m^ 5 ^ en O 4-j 3 TO 0) «5 X> o c < ^^ a • tn rt ^ O in CJ *^ -*-> £ j^ tn en C -M N ^ 3 t— > 2 a >, >> >, >* a«" o 0) (A 3 3 "3 •— > ^ c 3 s ^ ^ ^ 1 0) o c c a 'Ja "o • V4 •7< o '£ S &< ^ -2-*3^ vO Tt< t CO 00 < "* CO vO 2fl 3 ciduoi ergree Vine •baceo ennial tH V-4 «-( -* »-t ««"l^ tHM ^ . c >. u 2 •^•2^ u 3 u ^ a .Si'O 3 6 W^ o o u (A CO 1 :3 a> a> a> 1 1 -p -O f\ -^ •^ eij Gd ..1 "3 O (0 o to "C d ''JO o •a a 1- U 09 IXI 5g a 3 •c > 2 fl 3 I> a W CO w Ol w Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 329 — CO r* u 03 O a. '^ u O. O ^ (^ "a 3 o rt i> tfl ;d en E-H K^ tn a o C ^ t« ^ u O .C en (U c > o J= w o Cu a > i; ti o o o o 6 bi'w S O 3 i2 cfi 2 CO >-~ r/J « o 5 ti 5s ^ c -&-2> o - Ufa C rt o •Xv2-3 ♦- t>0 CO ^, "3 "Ob ^ b ■^ .c-a^ C3.5 ^ 'X " -^ O .-H-^ y IT r (A UQ ;j .D a ^^* O 73 X2 c .E§ - G "§ S CO c, - — O two E.S r: (o u O u rt CO -^ o _i; o « 5 <= 4.^ (O ;S O *-• U 43 a Is O r3 C In o^ ^ c8 , o o ^ c c c 3 3 D 3 •— > 0) «> >— > • — > •— > ^ c 3 c 9 cy cy c« O •— > •— » >> >. >» c CT3 rt CO •^ ^ *-• :^ O o o 4J ^ OJ rt o CO J3 o J= (U JC OJ '^ > >^ ^ CTJ cu ?:: CO o o to ro v^ 00 00 o o 00 6 o o •o CN »^ 330 A Practical Hand Book tf ii *" *-• >\ ^ "i>-^ Si O G > •C 3 tf) ^ 'l^ " ^ . . 3 ^^ . < S .ti -£ S CO biO rt m w 2 ^ u. 01 03 -^^r; •« :=: en o »:< 3 O) en ^ c « 0) I- m > o .s o o CO oj tn biO-'-' oj — en ^.5 rt 2 S .s o o Oj c 3 >» 1 .^ -o'a ^ a a u 3 .4 ■4J -tJ +» o o > is I- 0) >, H(N ■a I 00 « 0) 0) U 00 bO 3 > at bO .a >» 03 O I 00 c 03 03 r3 0) a J o (U Ui -M 3 w > to •s > 03 bX) eU .2:2 0} k CO Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 331 1 O >,T3 -y Id b cepI arkc bes g-^e-S re sh very hose est a "^ c rt ^"J2 .- o o, be o O C J3 c or privet st en to set the en transplant! h a y have t oms. ^ 6 5 ^ ^ a3 "So c c75 ^ 4) 3 O 3 3 O Q c In ^ ^ c d 3 fO -t5 -C . - O 3 3 "So 3 *6 3 "So "5) 3 2i^ ^ ^S O O ^ c O O c c , O Q Q >i c75 Q >. Q ^ cTi c75 >N Q >» >s >» >N >% >. X >. >s >> >> >. >. a rt ca rt nJ CJ cd rt ffj rt 03 CTJ a ^ IS :s ^ ^ :§ :s ^ ;s ^ IS IS IS 3 4-1 u QJ -T3 u a o 3 3 •M *-> u *? o 4-> t o en O 0) tn 2 a, o c 'a ■*-> Q, ^ a o i: bo tn O Q -6 _3 ^ O G 3 a >s. J 0^ J ci Q cti Q Cii ca 00 00 00 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 CO oo 00 o o o NO 1-H o v6 — • o 0) 1 o •o « U a> >, •o 3 ♦^ ft) > a> 4> O 0) .9 Q _o 3 O -B > 3 l>4 a o 3 (/J •4-> 0) (J o a B 1 0) ed a "3 u tn d ed C/3 •a d o =3 0) en a 3 0) 6 O O d 9 pq 3 ed 3 u > '3 bA T3 3 O H 5 1 4> ^ O o o V Ui fld o 3 ed pq 1 u 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 •J 1 332 A Practical Hand Book a 3 3 bA 3 a> O O C . Q Q Q Q m s i >> >> >. >. >. >. >. >» >. >» >> >. >^ >^ .boo 03 rt a nJ OJ 05 oj 03 03 03 03 oJ 03 03 pq 034:3 o 1^5 2 a 03 3_ fill I 2 -si 3 M3 H cS •sa 03 o3 0:2; PQ ^^^s^^^:^^^^^ C 0) TO '^S j:3 J3 JH ^ ^ ^ "a 3 0 i5 j2 1 0 j2 u 0) ^ OJ OJ TJ OS 03 0 oJ 0^ Oh Q 04 ^ o P4 w 12 u 0 -♦-> =1 M a ha bdO £■ ■^ > Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 333 J=^ p --^ (A fe£ w **!'" c ^ (U W' U.2 03 c3 < ^ 4-» O c . WO a .S-v •^ S o a u 4) o 3 g>0 en J3 1 i£-22 c. o O en -.5 «^ :*-?; •5 o t« c bO C o E C ^ en flj en i:w •u o u o ^ c tn c ■^^ o rt is E to E 2 "^ Ci V- .. . . • >, tn J=0 a "^ o < U) bfl b rt i» . 2-^ > ^ 3^ a -5 <^ ~ y' 3 «^ rt =£ i ^_n fcfi tn >-«" c; o ""^ j= c rt-a^ ^ ^-^§ §■> t; ti JS j= o^ .5 C rt > t- 5 y o c^ u 2 ^ c o^^c^- Oh ^.2 > o ^G bo -n t:^ ^.SOQ fc£Q c ""^ o rt c c3 t£ O tn m to 03 C (» o Set, EO >^ >> ei 09 a S S c^ oa c« (« ^i^ u •c >, a a 3 < < •— > u O ^1 M (U^ a S C t£^ cu x: a o e ^ o 30 1 00 0& CO O o o Is E rt E E CO C s > a i) a > U J3 in •V "So QQ c W a 3 J3 u en a •o a 3 Xi o OS > 3 od u u « (A 334 A Practical Hand Book tf bfl^ 0) Si .& tc _2 *-< t: > ^&| CQ uO ^•^^ CO .-H j5 O 3 ttl ?? >» Si ^ two C 3^-' ■*-> . rt-^X! o B-v ^-^ 3 £. o W OJ (U O C »-. •— « C OJ ^T3 >, U. r; J-i ^ CO Cfl' •t! C-G ^ rt 4-), 1^1 >-i 0) G c o en 6 c C^ •-I r s • 0) -M O cu 3 w "1^ •^^ O C O 3 "^ .0) • r\ CO b* to 4-> O o a CO (U to bx) a; O d 6^ -3 0) (U X "^ to 3^ '-' J2 -G g biOco J:^ ^ O O >2 >n fe r^J2 cti OJ O O a 2 S ." o o ^ 3 o -(J +> +» 03^ 0) O 01 ■l(N a 3 Mi3 00 I O I 00 to H e^l ^c ^V ^ CJ r/) u v-> c J3 en o o o ^-^ a C O fT< O :> o rt — 4-> -tJ ^ P aj CO •-« 4-) o ^ ■e 8 Ui r: (^5 c ^ 73 u c to IE •- .- o o o o c O ;:) ••-■ Co o u o o 6 ^ en y o a . > >- c rt ^ O 5 ° c 5 o ^ ^ '^ ^ t '^ jj- CO O J3 T3 •^ rt O O •-■ C ,„ TT U, 03 tn C r' y > o C-- - O c o J2 w w c« d o CT3 o a H 3 en o • X~3 ^ Of o 3 o o H a oi ;a u en tn O. o (0 a o a ex o d a> 'o u O ad •a o o o ^ bA _>> bio 3 3 3 3 ^ 3 •— » < •— > < ^ <^ oa o •— > c 3 3 c 3 •— > 4^ ^ 1 4^ 4.) 4-1 o 3 c o a ^ '^ 1» 3 "o >» a> cr. Q o o »o cs lO r^ »o to to to 1 1 PO »o o ^H « »-H 1-H <*> «« -^ 't -* "f cs p^ »-H en c > 4-* T3 4> c 1 o •a ?! y cS l> il << U a 5 4-> o U4 S 3 "o 1^ =1 3 « h H a 336 A Practical Hand Book a pyramidal in growth, branches and bright, [age. A. G. ow and dense in growth with ypical foliage of the arbor vitae d with foliage which resembles of Chamaecyparis pisifera var. rrosa. A. E.G. dal form with bright Very hardy and use- lobose form with slen- nd bright green foliage. A. E.G. ibose form with upright bright green foliage. ;ome small shrub. B. of the common arbor n, pendulous branches. ense and upright green foli . pyramii :n foliage. A. D.G. dwarf g! ranches a hardy. A dense glc anches and very hands D.G. variety with ope .G. <^ S. A der b Very c^^S '03 ^^-! oj a S^ o .9 o o H S "o O 4 o mat ight feet lO Ti^ 1 »o tH 1 1 1 0 •-3 «^ - rW-9 4 fo 0 CN fO 1 00 ciduous ergreen Vine •baceous ennial «s t2< Golden Arbor Vitae or Georg Peabody's Golden Arbor Vitae U 0 0 en +J > J:? 0 2 < Qj 0 i v^ rt ^ ^ s* 03 > > > > > > m CO tA CA w m ;d a •J ;=3 =3 ^ ctf -2 cd "rt 03 OS -t-> •M -M -<-> ■*-* o o a « s d a a d ■a a 0) (U rt (i> (D 0) a> eS 03 •n -o C -d 12 3 •d ^55 •-< o •^ 03 ^ 0 0 *2 _. 0 03 0 ..-< 0 OJ °I2 TO y 0 03 d) 0 M 0 «3^ 0 >> 03 > Thuya 0 pendul b"C >^:5 >»-S >> 0 >>^ r H 3^ r™ Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 337 •r «- 1> . -o o p u rican blue- and with foli- 1^' 1 .* 'J3 ^ ^ ^ •5 ^ u ZJ u o u «-c • Is ^-6 ^ -c-f . 1^ 1^ ^ O ^S ^- P = « = — u u ►" ■'• " '^v I'ic ^:?= c^ ^& •— .2 O. a c u ^ ^ i^ — ^i'S. '^' 03 Uh c3 ■^ fc£ w O G I- — U, -3 - u > Cue U Ui u5 c a o c C/^ "*" "" u u 'J j2 I c7; 1^ vO o o o t a to "4 es .2 > . 6 0 0 o u >< be v-^ So .>s 3ii O w r3 0^-e •c7:-e C 2 ^< < < J o 0 O O CO H a * p H 0) i> O •gs o ai 3 > -SB 3 Xi H a 'u « 2 >^3 > .2 «i 5.1 OS bO 3T. 338 A Practical Hand Book J p? C oJ cd .. , nj C QJ •+^ o J3 c QJ CIJ U> b« -i-> ^ ^ ^ CO > u > 01 QJ w o > a ^ ^ QJ C 0) X5 bxi GJ rt i- U^ +j q; oTTJ O ^ •5 cti .2-g c QJ w 1-1 oj {^^ O) QJ C QJ >. biO Qj4iJ o H p 4-1 o o o H pq o O •♦J +» .^5 00 rt 2 g 0) «.2 OJ > h (-1 WPh ■lC 3 c 3 3 •— » QJ C 3 I— > c 3 (U 03 03 03 Oh O I o CO I CN I 4 cs "* '^ (L) 5 3 o3H QJ C/5 cn Cfl a o 3 't5 C ^ QJ 43 U o o >» H I CO I I •n 0) QJ -^1 QJ ►>-> -d > n1 OJ OJ §- fi £ ^ -v >> 43 .ilTJ >^^ -o H I-, QJ .5^ > ojH U^ o O > Oj O ^ OJ > > > s a a 3 3 3 >. >> >» J3 43 43 43 w & a< 3 ^ 0) 0) 3 (D O u w CA (U W rt ^ xn 3 3 3 >> 3 t jd A'^ ^ H H H H 03 00 Tfl u o 03 6 O at ;3 o o u S3 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 339 en 0.1 g ^ ^ 9J O " O So B o o J" i: U 4^ O c c •" 1-1 o '-^ •5 ;«-o :j O O = > O > 3 rt Id £ " a x: w o o ^ CJ ^ c c • ir c is'w j= o ti =: >.ci'C £ «=: ^ 3 CO .ii "^ r3 < ^ 2 3^ ^ ^ »- c o tree ubes- wect- laller Good cut. Py- right •« Q, CO C >»[tj -§"^^ T- ^ C. l> 1 ?'H ^ ^ o o c r^. — f- Ui r* t-*---" -f So .2? *u ^15 n, dee dark r with 3 O Sf * ^ ^ "5 ^ ^3x-. ome r k and Sh vers, f the A. E ark g ng trt growt . E.G J£ h: ^ o o . "U ^ o '-' to •^b o c ^ C J2 >^ ^ CJ •P >^--. C3^ rt C3 3 ^> 3=-S' <^ "^:i-§ •ti = 3 2 u K^ Si i3 g j; CO c -; . m -1. - u. T O -O c ^ "*- CO >- rTJ c: -; o u — ^ O Ox tx . 'J 3 - ^ ^• c Q rt > to u 3 D I- •- >> « «2 >. 3 c 3 3 "5 »— 1 •— » •— » »— > ^ > > ^ O o o o o 4> U o > >« > ^ O o o ^ o vO lO in o o # O o o »o ><*• cs iO 3 ex 340 A Practical Hand Book Pi S'S « "o O -|J += +3 rH(N li PQ O • ^ . ^ £ <" S 5 ?; O Ur c CO u bflO 5 ^ Q, o ■ 6 - c 3 O 3 3 0) be *^ G Cj C m 1> oj c u O 0) j_.S CJ en PQ ^ ^ ^ ^ O 1=! PO fiq o o CO rt-O 2 H CO 4} .5 •-3-0 biO ^ TO ^ (L) O ^ 03 CO O ^ QJ -C . ^ '^ ^ S d ^ o biO c O 0) bfl OJ 42 biO C o OJ . ^^ o .h bfl CO r- Cfl 4-> +J 4-> 0) en " •2 ^ biO bO 2:^13 c - cn.OJ O u ^^ C a; OJ (UT3 0) . > +^ CO cd c e "i w c es C.S C en Ur " rrt "H s P <" XI P >:^4i QJ CO "* '^ 3.tl C P'i cd^ = 8 Kfi CU 3 °*' N I- Ui C " >- biO uO Ui CO - C 03 G OJ ^ 03 a biO CO li S2 QJ <" 8 c (UHH 3-Q'^ bfl 3 biO 3 < oJ "5. 3 Oh G O I 00 -^ rh o o -p 'a, J-i (U a, CO :5"8 IH > ■♦-> G u CO cii G ■§ 'Si G «* ct3 > 03 oy a ^G O •l-H I 00 -* Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 341 o en X -4-1 o c X c o U-l X u d "5 l; 0 X *— * ^ ^^ ^m^ i o ^ X O X o ^ ^ P*^ 4-> I- il c X 3 CQ -- ^ c c o — u 3 > .;_» "w c 0 iS X 4-1 C d >» c vC en .2 6 "a CO O 3 Xi o t/3 3 (/I Lt-l o o u X o 3 X X u O 3 C X 3 2 c r3 c c o X o J= u o X 0 0 a en £ < o a 3 ^ ^CU. u^ Ui CJ aj ♦J ^ *-> 4J ■^ bi >, — c a a a a u 3 3 3 •—1 3 Ji c^ 04 c^ 0 < O O <« cy oa ^ 0 4-> c^ ^ ^ _>. _>. >. < a < 3 ^ "3 3 •— > 3 3 c T3 0 i) & 4^ V !^ ^ C ^ c ^ 0 S ^ Ic c o o 12 _o 2 _o c a 4-1 1 = ^ 1 o O >> "o O 0 0 k. 0 g 0 « QQ _c c •"* 'O 'o rO rO •*f« o o fO >-H ^^ «-H CN C^l rsi CN «— < 00 00 ■^ 't '^ "^ T*< "* -* "^ "»♦< 13 ^, ^ E 'f' -« ^ .•^ "oj u. — f-1 8 1 c o 0 »< 0 ed ea" bT «s t-i u Im • S o o 0 ■«-» > 1 e< So en 6 V) U4 o a u 3 3 3 M 'U o-o o-o 0 0 ;^ 4-> 4^ O v u u u 0 i2 ♦^ a> 0 4) 0) l-l Im w o U J3 0 0 3 0) V U d « V "o ki 4> rj G S od 05 o 2 oi ed O 2"^ 2 « (A § c ^ a •a :s '2 •a . 'a . 'a 'a d 3 o o •c o o c > o •c > 0 c > 0 •c 0 a 2 H H H H H H H H H H 342 A Practical Hand Book .§0 pq u w ^ G (L) C w rtmii ;ii -tJ -U jj 2fl 3 u 0":2 - £ ® 9.2 -rt M 1=5 ;;5 0 •a a 0) > C 03 3 O T3 3 oj c 03 rt< o o 6 C 05 »-, OS OS > J-i u biO C 03 is c 4-j ^ "" (Li ^ W ^ bX) n3 "^ OJ Si! — CJ S-^ woo i_ -i U,- aO.S 3 bJD 4-> C OS 'a S< w 3 O oj 03 «5 ^ ^ biOi2 . I u O TO 03 o3fe, O cu . 3 OS bJO c oJ Ih O a 0) Q o O O) O 1) o O c 0 8 Fi H 0) < K > a, 22 'a, CO I 3 C U c-5 o flj a-- C/i ^8 21 03 QJ ► CO 09 s eti bO 0 CO ^ H o en bfl 3 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 343 r. s'l u*^ ^^^S-fi ^O '^ o .^ ^ ci^=^o g^£-« -cts,. ='S:i"^-^='-So^^-^^.^-^£ .s ^S£^ £-^0 "'^S- c . 3 H < < J >» >, >. cd S 3 •— > 3 ca 0^ ca a ^^ 1 ^ 0 0 a < C 3 •— > C 3 C CO ^ 3 0 ^ 0 u 2 X) rt-- u • vrt 0) JS rt a- J^ u* > rt Q e c 10 »o 00 "«*• "«^ 1 0 3 c i 4-> S W 1 J^ u ^ a rt U EC/) u Is H H H t3 344 A Practical Hand Book tf 2 S .13 O O H 5 O SM ^>^ . —I I— I O) rh, i . «3 • en - _ «-■ o o 0) 0) ,» o en 5 -^ o CO Ui ^ — O O rt Vh o en C c3 OJ bjo 1^ ■M ^ 3 ^ ^ en ^- —> c 3 U ^ o ft o vi; ■*-' • P o ^ o o Tj 3 0) > +j -< —> c 3 C 0) S.ti CO '-2 u (L> 3 's cti u 3 ^ '* ^ ■* ^ O Q ^ Q ^13 ^ CTJ OJ ft! c > 1-, •5 ^ ^^ 3 ct 0) CU a 04 o *§ 6 5 vi M x> > ft w •2 I H bO P cS 4j .2 .2 « S3-- P <^ 3 3 3 'ft a (U Q 5? o ft IDC/) ^ - »!-( (U (>^ a> 3 a .13 ft o XI .2 -2 cd ^ J-2 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 345 c ; c ^ o'V o = O ^ ^^ 3 5 rt Um -i-l rt u 3 C C- — ' u ,H > 73 O rt O i) ■M O i; N « !r ^ C iJ !r *~ rt — s ? o — r ^ o ti,o c ^ ^ fcfi *h "o ~: :5 O O S-d U 5 ^ .r^ ^ c3 . ^ u o a ^ -75 - 'C ^ 3 o ^^ e^ > . O ^ \ii r" U U ii u C O a— c S -2 a b£ S o *^ i O C rt 3 rt u O c c .i2 O 3 O ? to o 00 6 o 00 o o o 2 6 o 6 e c Ui •a > OJ 4-) •tS ^E ^5 x5 •a c o ca Li > r-; U a 346 A Practical Hand Book ^ tf 2 a S^ o .3 O O H 5 0) •♦J +> *» s 'bi w 0) J3 rj W en r! D o 'aj "^^u-. P o G ;=: o 03 C X! o O a3J2 N J3 03 u O E^ (u S5 1^ . «4-< ^ en 2 TO bit) (1) 0) " c 3 0) ■^ bX) en .2 2 ^ o o buO en » a^ .^ (]_} U OJ o •^ 03 en 'T? 4-j o I -9 03 "^ en tn (L) 3 en ■ ' ■ '" o3„ ^ O a; ^ O > •—' T3 T3 J3 G bjo 53 C "3 G (L) J-i QJ a; b '^ to G p:^' en 03 •43 G m! Ui eu J ^ QJ en 9^ i^ (L> Ui a •i-i "o u J3 O 3 b J3X3 bX) Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 347 o a U3 'x. O u J2 -1-1 '3 Ui en 0 0 c -a en en ;i -6 u 3 b£ bX 0 .- o "O 3 <*< •0 a u ^.c '^ <^ ^C .S "o (A f3 o 0 _CJ ^C . ^ 0 f3 < E I ^ a ble in for f . F. 'V o o o u 'u > O u 13 •2- o u 1^ IS en u C3 u 12 0 en C 0 1-' ruit edi ; good cts. A u O Si 3 J3 < bi 3 |S3 0- •0 ^ 0 '5. 0 2 -0 3 C 0 u. 0 u c rt - 0 S 0 tx.uO O V u u O "^ "w •4-> _ ^ tic c en 0 b£ 0 p « en Si "O ke flowers, nd Septcmb( inter color el c O o < > fcc u en c a. "3 c 0 1 •0 < u 1) u 0 to < 0 0 o u ."2 15 l"^ -2 0 X u: 3 d a 0 bo 2 0 0 be *- .2 ^ bi) c ;=: cB ^ ^ o •x^ co'* rr\ Ic^^ ^13 .L, a^ ^ <'^ >> >» >> 3 ^ S c 3 d 9 <« dH cy •-^ •-^ c s »— ) a < a < ^ C 'S. 2§ c > ^ 4_l V .ti ^ 1- 0U "(U I*' J3 -^ O >* > "" >> > f* e cs •*4 HN •4^ 1 V4 O eo •0 *H »-^ *H vH ^ "^ "* "* b >» u 1^ y b ^ a •52 "3 .2 t: 0 ^ X "T" 32 u 3 r o to Is 2 ^5 Q - j J e 1 s 1 1 1 C 1 1 •a j 51 E 1 1 a a 4 1 1 J g Isi a S k| ^ S;> > > > > ► > 348 A Practical Hand Book pq o O ■H 4^ ^S 3- M rJ 2 « © (u.s OJ > St *-! •a a 03 c5 m CO -M Ui U. 3 O) be ^^ «-i bfl 05- >, C o ^ '^- > o OJ oS rj o S c« 0) o ^ •M 6 <" o c d "" = 0) o o 0-2 o CO bJO O -M CO 3^ o CO o o o U 4-> o . co^-3 ^ d (^ - ^ 'n CO 4->T3 rt 5 o -^ adO ^ biO— '^ «Jrd s bf aS:! Cti CO -M 3 a CO > cti •— » da d 3 "^ I- :> ctiT3 O 0) S .a at u •a a 0) tub a> b/o CXi 0) IH eU u d o Wi > (0 0) 3 ti o •a o > g bflco . a CJ bi) 3 < 3 J2 Oh til OJ c/^ a o 'ft (0 ed u o Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 349 u 0) J3 O B u O •o IS . c 4-. -a c o^ ao go <^ u n ^ 3 75 O ^ Si ^ Jfii u a -w - 5s ^'O c^ J2 O '<-' -<-> I- f3-- c c'-u U^ 3 U 'X ^ > o c ? y '■" 3 ^ =5 O ? "5 3" ti S '-^ c +j iiC O J= O tx •" '- "" C u O i» XI > t- > 1j "* '^ r • o »-i o '^ "-s 0.2 2 . o ^ o . E X >• u O ;i J3 C/3 *- ^-^ « O) en E t w if 5 . - X fS > i:: en ^ 'X . "" tn (f* — u 3->> c ;i u O ^ ^« en o c ^ — o "w tit: rt 3 "5 -2 >, 3 3 >"« ■^ i r- '^ rt 3 <5 tu: 3 C >. X ^ X ii O 3 *^ o to' CO X • — X O 3 *- > u, Mji: • C g C3 U 3 to' c Cu 0 C c U 3 a> 3 s CD ►— > c/) >. •— > 2 •— » <« oa >i <« c 3 ^ 3 cd 3 C8 •— » < S < :^ s 0) XJ .3 -— ^ ^ ^ fO 00 00 00 CV| -^ \n ><<> ^ 1 0 350 A Practical Hand Book M P? S-o tt CO T3 O >-n >^ • bfl i-i 3 JD HI 3 o > -n CO J3 o *3 bjO r: oi rt 05 o TS OJXl M-i iii 03 > ■)-> rn 4-> -M u j: u, X ^ 03 ^ -Q rt a u Xi 3 (U 3 <-U kH O) »k o .n )-. -w t^^ CO U) 3 o to ■M 4-) o 4J CO Oj 0) CO 3 a < biO <-t-l OS c J3 b. 03 •SO ^j j-i CO J-J • a> (LI'S -^ C 03 1> — CO (-! ^ *- O b > > .- 03 g flj < c o it;^ 2^3, .£3 • ■M ^ ^ -*-> (1) 3 h/1 Xi Ol 6 O 3 4-> G 01 0) ■M a; n u> a; bX) •u Ih , (U > CO 05 CO -O -0 3 • co^ . 0) o ^"^ "^ * 3 C 03 5 3 7;3 (1> U CO £ "^-^ 2i •- 3 3 P U •^ CO 03 ^"^^ 2 ^ be CO < u . ^ (U CO C ►-. CO . t— I 1> o OJ to O tc = -a o. •kV c o. ca bo ju J5 u «^ ^ ° c— ,_, ^•t ^ o [§30 o ca ^ ^ t, • ? .ot: o O a o o 2 -I ^"^ **-■ '♦^ Si - o en u Ol U ^ 2o 3^ Tz: o -■-„ to ^ O - w CO (O us Co*- ^ cOtu CO "0.2 c o o CO y u .5^ ^ r i c c O u O — •— tc ~ '^ CO 3 >> 0) ^ a; *- c CO CO c - V- . 2 ""^ b IS s" o 3 t '{-Si u u. r — o ^ >:- 5 00 4-» *- - ^ CO - ... k. CO bo— CQ ^ fiJ= i£ .o ^ ^ EcO ^ ^ ^* C « a p o -o ^ h tn _ S. ^ 3 ' ■, >-■— o o 75 c in I 3 CO <«M rl tn *■*-< ?-a 3 O CO C3 u. o o CI o V c c c 3 3 3 •— » »— » >^ •— > o oa « (0 o3 c 3 >« X >. •— » ed OS cd S % ;s US 15 352 A Practical Hand Book e-s « ^ M to 4) -W T3 u I- C-* •5^ 3 O) £; CO O O o o^ Soi u a; 3 ^ w en c 2 K.^-3'^ 0) rt ^ U. O) o en U) ba O ft o o .a, J3 ^O S >pr^ O u, CO I t3 0) 4.) .2- 03 > ^ c;5< iicn 3 a> »« o . • oqs 5 . OJ > ui -H '^ b/) G ^— OJ > d 0) 'p, ? c bjo 2l;2fe ^Xl cn'^ en cu >- 2 -3 Vh O) p 5 a» 4J bfl W e 3 »— » V4 a a ^ 3 M ^ > J3 00 00 I ro ID a 3 t3 M oa. Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 353 n^ to 3 i^^O "— •r'_5~^ O— rtei OS ^^^si. a '^^'^'o o, .>" = « -^ -^c^ >>^- > o Z >. >s c c 3 •— > a 3 c 3 >— > o 1 o u < (d V 4^ u J2 4-1 o _3 s o _3 3 o > ,o > X ^ a; ? Oh ^ a Q a Q • .£ d .s C d d d >o o o vO O o 00 o to »o ' > > > > •a n ^ s a 5 9 ^.2 0, 0;;; a aj 3 0 o« 354 A Practical Hand Book M -U ^ ,>j p 3 WI08 ■3 3 J3 O tn " 0) l- G -w • c o S c(-, a J- dj o •5^ tn d ?^t 82 O) O, .S (U C ''' .2 a uB^ ii ••-4 i5 c > a- m •Co ^ 3 o CO 6 0) en K^ o 0) tn
  • - I-' »- Ql XJ °" o - « 3 § ^" S 2i = S ^ -M 0) -- eg - o " O ui 0) en O c , a •^^ $y u u. C H 0) o o fO I o a u o o « ■♦J 0 0) w a 2 0 _2 CO Cfl •^ ■■G S Q, ^ o >-• 0% cxo r^ +j bfl O CJ-TI J O O^ -»^ \J H-l «44 <.|iM (f^ 6 o en -a O. en «5 ^ ^ 1^ c a. ^ 2 03 . ■5 "- 6 u, ^ cfl be- ^ & Oh o I O cs o CO 1 o es fO «o 0) a 2 O 2 (D Oj en'C c ^ I I -I & s Ji ^ o I o to u at * O .12 "3 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 355 .2 c 4> a; « J 09 U u •^ o flj • u bfl u o O fe"^^ o ^ *? ^• ti o o d 4j u rt )5 o «« »ri2 o; O £ O o en I? • . - I tfl CO *;; c 5 t^ 'I' •^ ^ e ^ o - ^ 2 S »^' 2^ (U ■" 3 C j3 ■5 O CO "^ =5 o ■>. e = '-" O ij' 1- ^ — '^ c rt tn c '/5 bo :-5 o § 5 y ^ O r* '- O tat-- C 95 *- o "0 3 0 t ^ u O tfl u C bO ■^ E - OT3 . 0} g = 3 o . .5 . C c "2 -o ^ M J?-;: E 4> 4J c 3 O u-^ Slif U- v— C3 ^.2? o *- 3 2j cJ ^ tJD rt -* p rt 3:3 c -, y :>^,o O en i:: rt rt u a> >s >. c c a> cd 3 •—1 3 •— > S S V 1 d ^ ^ •^^ •* ^H '^ •T3 tA TO •»« ^« 4-) lU en C u C 0) IS .2 u 0 .2 'u «) g d E < ?i •5 4-* IP 3 PES U o % p. J213 I e .a 5 356 A Practical Hand Book >^ bfi rt ja y Sr D, -•-» > '^ bc aj O K. C C x) a.5 J-, c o a rt o _ 00 =: l« o« a.5. !^ tfl ™ O) 5; r^j3 a (^ 0) u • •S'S'rtTS >. a O cc G (U ^ o-o c g "^ a; ^ c« J:; S.tJ o oj a, <^ "" . 2 P »- c;J «J • c c >. (U a> ■n 0)43 fi ho ^ OJ , > 0) > aJ ^ 0) -M c tJ^ Vi-i o .»H , rt 2 ^ ^ n ■1-1 -(-> «: u rt o en 3 O O 3 en 3 O > rn +-> rrt XJ hn O J3 1—1 i 4-) 6 o .5 .^ o u-> rt y XI r'-T -C X! ri o < UJ (0 « pW.S — d 3 S m i(N J) 'a 3 O O u 13 t— > a; c 3 0) 2; 6 «*) •a a ca Qt 0:2; Q4 cd t: o 6 X at o o 5.2 d S «> 4) ® WHEN AND HOW TO PLANT. The matter of when to plant is often a puzzling When to question to the amateur; and to give one answer Plant which will apply to all species and localities is obviously impossible. Spring is commonly con- sidered the best season, for the reason that plants set out at that time have abundant opportunity to become well established in the ground before the following winter. The planting-season may extend from the earliest time at which the ground is free from frost until, perhaps, the first of June. The later period, however, requires the use of plants that have been kept dormant, as it is ordinarily unsafe to move them after they have leaved out to any extent. Their becoming established is a matter of renewing root-growth that has been disturbed by transplanting, and this fact has led the author to the belief that early fall planting may be employed equally advantageously. It has been his experience that root-growth continues after the leaves have performed their functions and have commenced to drop off. Transplanted at this semi-dormant period, the plant becomes sufficiently well established to endure the ensuing winter, and is in a position to take advantage of the earliest spring warmth, and to make vigorous growth the following summer. This fall plant- ing-season lasts (in the vicinity of New York and Boston) from about the first week of September until the ground is frozen. When transplanted in the fall, trees and plants Winter of a more tender nature should be protected against Protection drying winds and severe cold. This protection should usually not be applied until after the ground is frozen to a depth of two or three inches. Individual trees and shrubs may be wrapped with straw, burlap, or evergreen boughs; and it is well to first strengthen the plant with a strong pole inserted firmly in the ground. Groups of Rhododendrons or deciduous shrubs of questionable hardiness may be protected 358 A Practical Hand Book by inserting evergreen boughs thickly among them ; these should be somewhat taller than the plants themselves. Herbaceous perennials may be given a light mulch with hay, straw, leaves or coarse, strawy manure; but they must not be covered until after the ground is frozen at least two inches deep, and the mulch must not be so thick and heavy as to hold excessive moisture and rot the plants. After the ground has been prepared by digging How to to a depth of eight to twelve inches, working in Plant plenty of well-rotted stable manure, and grading carefully, individual holes should be dug for the trees, shrubs or plants. These must be large enough to allow the roots to be spread naturally, and deep enough to set the plant somewhat deeper than before transplanting. Perennials should be about an inch, shrubs two or three inches, and trees three or four inches deeper. Good loam, free from lumps and coarse manure, should be worked in among the roots, and care- fully compacted. Individual trees, particularly such as are planted on lawns and avenues, may be benefited by leaving around them a circle of two or three feet, kept open by cultiva- tion, until they become well established. Care must be taken, however, that no basin be left to gather water and allow ice to form about the trunk in winter. It is difficult to state a definite rule for the spac- Distances ing of plants, as the distance varies according to the Apart species and the effect desired. In general, it may be said that where a dense growth is desired, as in borders and screens, shrubs which attain a height of from six to eight feet should be set from three to three and a half feet apart ; those growing from two to four feet high should be set from two and a half to three feet apart. Herbaceous perennials should be spaced about as follows. Plants attaining a height of four to eight inches, and not trailing, eight inches apart; those growing twelve to eighteen inches high, one foot apart; coarse plants, growing two feet high and over, one and a half to two feet apart. These dis- tances, however, are dependent upon the bushiness or spread of the plants; hollyhocks, for instance, which grow more than five Trees, Shrubs, Vikes and Plants. 359 feet tall, should be planted as near together as one foot, to obtain a good effect. Deciduous trees and shrubs should be given a Pruning severe cutting-back or pruning when transplanted. More or less roots are always bruised and broken during transplanting, and all such should be trimmed off with pruning-shears or a sharp knife, as the bark cannot heal over a rough wound. In order to insure a strong and healthy growth, as well as to cause the plant to become bushy or attain any desired shape, it is well to cut off from each branch one-third to one-half of the previous summer's growth. Fruit-trees respond especially to free pruning at the time of transplanting. The matter of when and how to prune established shrubs and trees depends upon their habits and the purpose for which the operation is performed. Shrubs that bloom early in the spring form their flower-buds during the preceding summer, and they should therefore not be pruned until immediately after flowering, if their flowering is to be preserved. Late-blooming shrubs flower on wood of the same season's growth, and should be pruned while dormant, in late winter or very early spring. One-third the previous season's growth may be removed. Shrubs planted in masses should be pruned regularly to induce a dense growth, and to prevent individual plants from becoming too tall, with unsightly, open branches. The shearing or trimming of hedges in cold Shearing climates, should never be done later than July first, as late cutting allows a tender new growth, which does not have time to ripen properly and consequently is liable to winter-kill. The shearing of individual shrubs to form flat- topped, globe, pyramidal, or other unnatural-shaped specimens should, as a general rule, be avoided. Fruit-trees require pruning to check too vigorous growth, and, as is the case with ornamental trees, to keep them symmetrical. The removal of a portion of the new growth concentrates the nourishment supplied by the roots in the remaining branches, and, if the tree is of bearing age, influences the production of larger, better fruit. Too severe pruning, however, induces the growth of new wood, at the expense of fruit. All cuts must be 360 A Practical Hand Book made cleanly with a sharp knife or pruning-shears, leaving no projecting stubs of branches. If a large branch is removed, it is well to cover the exposed wood with a lead paint of good quality, to prevent the entrance of decay. If the wood is kept sound and healthy, the bark will gradually grow over the wound, finally closing it completely. OUTDOOR CULTURE OF ROSES. While roses can be grown in almost any kind of Soil soil they prefer that it be deep, rich and well drained. If it contains considerable clay, the growth will be more luxuriant and the blooms richer in color. As they are gross feeders, the soil should be well enriched with thoroughly decomposed stable manure. If this is done the fall before the roses are to be planted and thoroughly spaded into the soil, the results will be better. The subsoil should be loose and of such a character that water will pass through it quickly. If it is not naturally so, the subsoil should be removed to a depth of two or three feet and the bed refilled with coarse porous material at the bottom and rich soil placed above. Roses like protection from strong winds in sum- Location mer, also from the damaging winds of March and early April when the sap is just becoming active in the top and before root action has begun. They require a fair amount of sunlight and a southern exposure. They should not be planted too near buildings or tall trees, for in these places they are more susceptible to attacks from mildew. They should be protected from alternate freezing and thawing during late winter, for this is especially likely to cause winter-killing. The location for the rose garden should be such that when once frozen it may remain in that condition when properly mulched. Field-grown plants should be transplanted in early Season of spring, or in the fall as soon as they become suffi- the Year for ciently dormant to be moved without danger of Planting shriveling or withering. Spring is usually considered the best season, as the plants start into growth at once, and become well established before the following winter. Pot-grown roses can often be secured and planted during the summer, and are useful for filling in vacant spaces in beds. Distances apart for planting roses are regulated Distances somewhat by the varieties used. Such varieties for as Moss Roses, Persian Yellow Roses and other Planting strong growing kinds may be set three feet apart, 362 A Practical Hand Book Hybrid Perpetuals about two feet apart, and Teas and Hybrid Teas from one and one-half to two feet apart. In planting several varieties in one bed, the stronger growing kinds should be placed in the centre, or if in borders, they should be set back of the weaker growing kinds. Budded or grafted plants should be set so deeply Planting that the junction of the bud or graft is at least three inches below the surface of the soil. In fact, deep planting is one of the most essential things in successful rose cul- ture. After placing the plant in position, the earth should be firmly pressed in around it. The roots should be placed in a natural position, and loam free from hard lumps carefully worked in between them. Care should be taken that plants, while out of the ground, are kept from the wind and sun, and that the roots are never allowed to become dry. Pot-grown plants should be carefully removed from the pots and set in the ground without disturbing the roots or breaking the ball of earth, and after planting, some shade should be given for a few days, and a liberal amount of water applied. If dormant plants are set out in the spring, they Pruning should be pruned immediately after planting. After being set to the proper depth and the ground lev- eled, they should be cut down to within three or four inches of the ground. If planted in the fall, the pruning should be df f erred until early in the following spring, so that such wood as winter- kills may be removed. To obtain the best flowers, and in order to keep the plants thrifty and attractive, it is necessary that ever-blooming varieties should be cut back to within a few inches of the ground each spring. In pruning the Hybrid Perpetuals all weak wood should be removed and the strong canes cut back to within three or four buds above the ground. Moss Roses, and such other varieties which bloom only in the spring, should be pruned immediately after flowering. Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 363 During the summer an occasional watering with Summer liquid manure will be beneficial. Arrangements Treatment should be made if possible for a constant water sup- ply in the rose garden, for the foliage is kept in a good, healthy condition and insects are kept in check by syring- ing with considerable force early in the morning on bright days. Water should not, however, be applied during the middle of the day. In late fall, when the plants are well ripened, Winter some protection should be given, and while loam Protection heaped up around the plants furnishes the best pro- tection, leaves, hay or straw to the depth of from eight inches to one foot may be used for covering. It is best to apply mulches for winter protection after the ground has frozen somewhat. Many insects attack the rose plants. Among Insects these the green fly, or aphis, the rose chafer, or rose- bug, and the red spider are the most troublesome. The rose-bug is the hardest of the enemies to combat, and it has been the experience of the writer that paris green dusted over the plants is most effective. The red spider is a very small insect, which is scarcely distin- guishable to the eye. It is generally found on the undersides of the leaves, which soon assume a sickly yellow tinge. It is most destructive to plants trained against buildings or in p)osition3 where they are particularly exposed to the hot sun. The most effective remedy is syringing with cold water, thrown in an upward manner, to reach the undersides of the leaves, and applied with sufficient force to remove the insects from the leaves. The aphis, or green fly, can be exterminated by dusting the plants with tobacco dust while they are wet with dew, or by spraying with water in which tobacco stems or leaves have been soaked. Mildew often causes considerable injury. It Fungous is generally caused by sudden atmospheric changes, Diseases or by continued cloudy or damp weather. As a remedy, dry sulphur may be shaken over the plant early in the morning, while the leaves are wet with dew. LAWNS AND HOW TO MAKE THEM. The term " lawn," as generally understood, is applied to a grass-covered plot of ground, usually in the neighborhood of a dwelling or other building, kept smooth and clean by continuous care and close mowing. In more than one sense the lawn is an essential part of any well-kept estate; but its chief service is, together with its attendant trees and shrubs, as a setting for the more individual features it may surround. The first matter to be considered in preparing a lawn is the grading. The contour should be such that no hollows allow the retention of water during spring " thaws; " yet no opportunity for erosion, due to excessive slope or concentrated drainage, should be allowed. It may be here suggested that a slightly con- caved surface adds to the apparent extent of a plot — a point that frequently is taken advantage of in grading between a house and the street upon which it fronts when the actual dis- tance is short. The matter of drainage must, however, receive careful consideration when this method is attempted. Very rarely is under-draining necessary, except in unusually heavy or clayey soil; when employed, lines of three-inch tiles should be laid fifteen feet apart, and from two and one-half to three feet below the surface. In uneven ground, when the leveling or lowering of the sur- face is necessary, the top-soil, if it is loam of any value, should be laid aside, and the subsoil removed to the required depth, after which the loam may be replaced and graded evenly. For a vigorous and permanent greensward, from eight to ten inches of loam are required. The latter should be enriched with an abun- dance of well-rotted stable manure applied at the rate of eight cords to the acre, which when spread evenly gives a depth of two or three inches. This should be thoroughly worked into the soil by plowing or spading, to a depth of eight inches or more; stones and coarse sods and weeds must be removed by harrowing or 366 A Practical Hand Book raking. It is a frequent objection that barn manure carries quantities of weed-seeds, but as a matter of fact, the weeds spring- ing from this source are usually of small consequence, the greater number having been already in the soil. The best season for sowing grass-seed is doubtless in early spring, but good results are obtained when the sowing is made in the fall, early enough so that the grass will make substantial growth before frost. It is well to edge walks, drives, bedding- spaces, and other portions exposed to injury with sods of firm texture, and of a quality that will blend later with the seeded growth. Excellent mixtures of lawn-grass seeds are supplied by reliable seed-dealers, and their advice can generally be relied upon in the selection of a mixture suitable for use in any par- ticular location. As the proportion of non-germinating seeds is often considerable, even in the best mixtures, the quantity sown should be liberal, the usual amount being four bushels per acre, or one-quarter pound per hundred square feet. The seed should be scattered evenly, and in sowing it is advis- able to go over the ground twice, lengthwise, then crosswise. The work should never be attempted on a windy day; early in the morning is considered the best time of day. The soil should be moist, yet not wet enough to prevent the easy raking-in of the seed, and a smooth rolling immediately after sowing. The rolling should be done thoroughly by two or more applications of a moderately heavy iron roller. In a dry season, daily watering is beneficial. This should be done carefully and lightly, so as not to wash the seeds from the ground. After the first mowing, the rolling should be repeated once or twice ; and frequent mowing will do much toward inducing a thick, velvety growth. Should the new grass be killed in spots during the first winter, the bare spaces should be resown liberally; depressions caused by the set- tling of newly-graded soil may be filled with finely-screened loam in which seeds have been thickly mixed. Another rolling should follow. The care of lawns involves three things: the eradication of weeds, feeding, and mowing. For the first, various chemical weed- killers are found in the market; but their use is no more certain and consumes scarcely less time and labor than the old-fashioned Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 367 method of uprooting the undesirable -slants with an old knife or Bome suitable garden tool. One of the best ways of keeping down the weeds is to encourage the grass by generous treatment, as it is where the grass is thin and the soil is poor that the weeds grow most vigorously. Yearly dressing with fertilizer of some kind is necessary to the best condition of any lawn. As a rule, commercial fertilizers do not give the permanent effect secured through using well- rotted manure. Pulverized sheep-manure, wood-ashes, bone- dust, or fine rich soil, or humus, may be used to advantage. The application should be made in early spring, so that spring rains will carry the plant-food well into the soil. As has already been said, watering, for the old lawn as well as for the new, should be done by some means that affords a fine spray of long duration, rather than by a deluge from a coarse nozzle. Frequent mowing is essential to the well-being of any lawn. By it the growth of coarse seed-stalks is prevented, and the grass is kept smooth and of good texture. A carrier for catching the grass as it is cut by the mower is a great convenience, and, espe- cially in the case of a new lawn, avoids the danger of uprooting the grass by raking too vigorously. The rolling action of the lawn mower is also beneficial. THE INSECT PESTS OF SHADE TREES AND SHRUBS. By H. T. FERNALD, MasMchusetts Agricultural College. The insects which attack our ornamental trees and shrubs are of many kinds and work in a variety of ways. ■ Almost every kind of plant has its especial foes, while numerous general feeders may be found on many different plants. Some feed on the roots, others bore in the trunk or branches, many more consume the leaves, and others suck the sap from the branches or leaves. Such a diversity of methods of attack renders necessary corre- sponding methods for checking the ravages of these pests, and a knowledge of how the insect causes the injury is in each case necessary before successful treatment can be undertaken. So many different insects are concerned, however, that anything like a careful consideration of them must be left to special works on the subject, and only general considerations and a more complete discussion of a few of the most serious pests can be included here. In general, insects feed either by biting off and swallowing pieces of the plant, or by sucking its juices. Biting insects are provided with jaws for this purpose, while in sucking insects the mouth-parts are combined to form a sucking tube, together with structures which enable these insects to make holes through the surface of the plant to where the sap is, and then to suck this into their bodies. With biting insects, a poison spread over the surface, which the insect will swallow as it feeds, will pass to the stomach of the pest and cause it to die, and such poisons are generally called stomach poisons, for that reason. The more usual stomach poisons used are paris green and arsenate of lead. For sucking insects, stomach poisons spread, as they must be, on the surface of the plant are of no value, the sucking tube of the insect being passed through this layer into the hole it makes in the plant, while the plant juices are extracted from beneath the surface. For such insects as these, then, other methods of control must be 370 A Practical Hand Book used, and oils, soaps and similar materials, called contact poisons, are the more usual substances for this purpose. Contact poisons appear to destroy insects by covering them, or at least the openings of their breathing organs, with a film, thus suffocating them, and it is at once evident that unless a sucking insect be actually touched by some of the contact poison, the treatment will fail. With biting insects the poison may be spread over the tree to wait until the insect in its feeding reaches and swallows it; with sucking insects only those touched by the poison at the time it is applied will be destroyed; and if we remember that many of the sucking insects are exceedingly small, the necessity for the most thorough application possible of the poison becomes evident. GENERAL FEEDERS. The Leopard Moth. This insect is a native of Europe. It reached this country at Ho- boken, N. J., about 1881, and since that time it has spread east- ward, mainly along the coast, and is now found quite abundantly as far east as eastern Massachusetts. It attacks many kinds of shade trees and shrubs, and appears to be most injurious in and near the larger cities and towns. The adult insect is a good sized moth with white wings bearing numerous blue-black spots. It appears during the latter part of May, from which time specimens may be found till late in Septem- ber. The eggs are laid in sheltered places such as crevices of the bark, usually on the small branches, and on hatching, the young borers work through the bark to the wood. Here they feed, work- ing downward. When the branch becomes too small for the rap- idly growing borer, it leaves it and enters another. Sometimes the boring is along the centre of the branch; sometimes it takes the form of a large cavity, and sometimes it passes around the branch and girdles it. By winter the borer is usually about half grown, and has entered one of the larger branches, leaving weakened smaller ones behind. Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 371 The following spring, feeding is resumed in the larger branches, and by the end of this season the borers are full grown. E^rly the next spring, they work out to the surface and change to quiet pupae, from which the adult moths emerge during the summer. Spraying for these insects is useless, as the moths do not feed and the borers work inside the branches almost entirely. Infested limbs are quite easily recognized by the woody, partly digested material thrown out of the openings of the tunnels, and these limbs can be cut off and burned, or if not too badly injured a little carbon disulphide (obtained from druggists) can be injected into the openings of the tunnels, which should then be immediately closed with putty or soap, so that the gas produced may not es- cape, but follow along the tunnel and kill the borer. Badly in- fested trees are usually too difficult to treat and should be de- stroyed. Careful watching during the summer, to discover parts attacked before it is too late, followed by the removal or treat- ment of the infested branches, as described, is the best treatment at present known. The San Jose Scale. The San Jos6 Scale is probably a native of China, but is now present nearly everywhere in the United States. It feeds upon a large number of trees and shrubs, seriously checking their growth, and in many cases destroying them entirely. Besides fruit trees and currants, on which it is a most serious pest, it is often very abundant and injurious to the following shade trees and shrubs: Amelanchier, Cornus, Crataegus, Cydonia japonica, Populus, Prunus, Ptelea, Pyrus, Ribes, Rosa, Salix, Sorbus, Syringa, Tilia, Toxylon and Ulmus, of different species (see tabulated list of plants, page 142). It is also often found on other trees and shrubs, but the above are those most liable to be much injured. The adult insect is smaller than a pin-head and covered by a hard shell or scale, circular in outline, and brown or grayish in color. It is usually most abundant on the smaller branches and twigs, but when very abundant may also be present on the leaves. When winter sets in all ages may be present, but the very young and the adult scales die during the winter, leaving only those from 372 A Practical Hand Book one-third to two-thirds grown to reach the adult condition in the spring. This is accomplished by the latter part of May or early June, and then the young appear, one or two every few days for a month or more. These young, which are born alive, are very tiny, lemon-yellow insects which escape from beneath the scale of the parent and crawl about for a day or two. Each has a long beak through which to suck the sap from the plant, and on finding sat- isfactory places the young settle down, force their beaks through the bark and begin to feed. White waxy threads now grow out of their backs and mat together, forming very small white specks as the first coverings of the insects. To these are added molted skins from the insects beneath, turning the scales brown or gray, and enlarging them, and thus the scale covering the adult insect is gradually formed. The young become adult in about a month, and then they them- selves produce young and there are three or four generations, according to the length of the season, before winter ends this pro- cess. During the summer enormous numbers of the insects are produced in this way. If all the young born survived, and themselves produced the normal number of young in each genera- tion, it would be possible for the descendants of one female to number over three billions in a single season. Fortunately, death reduces this number greatly, but enough remain often to seriously injure or even kill the plant they are on, by removing the greater part of the sap from it, and thus drying it up. This pest is very difficult to control, first, because being a suck- ing insect it must be actually hit by a contact poison sprayed onto it; second, because of its small size, which renders it very difficult to reach all of the individuals by spraying, and finally, because of the shell or scale which covers it, protecting it from the spray. For this reason very strong materials must be used, in order either to penetrate or work under the scale, and these are hardly safe to apply while the plant is growing. Spraying for this pest must accordingly be done during the period after the leaves drop in the fall and before the buds open in the spring. The lime-sulphur wash and miscible (often wrongly called " soluble ") oils are the most usual sprays to use for the purpose. These materials are on the market under various trade names, and only need dilution Tbees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 373 with water before applying. The spraying must be very thor- oughly done, however, if satisfactory results are desired, and it seems desirable, if possible, to use an oil one winter and the lime- sulphur wash the next, thus alternating the two materials. The Gypsy Moth. This notorious pest was accidentally introduced from Europe to a point near Boston about 1869, and has now spread all over east- em and central Massachusetts, into central and southern New Hampshire, southern Maine, and portions of Rhode Island and Connecticut. It is likely to appear anywhere in the New England and Middle Atlantic states locally at any time, as the result of being carried on freight, trees, automobiles or trains from in- fested territory to that not yet infested. The adult moths are found in July and August and a few strag- glers may be met with early in September. The female has a large body and grayish-white wings bearing irregular, indefinite, darker markings, and measuring about an inch and a half between the tips of the extended wings. The males are rather smaller, and much darker in color. The eggs are laid mainly during the latter part of July and Au- gust, in clusters of from two hundred to four hundred, mixed with brownish hairs from the body of the moth, which conceal the eggs themselves. The clusters are placed on trees, rocks, fences or on any rubbish at hand, and the eggs remain unhatched until the fol- lowing spring. The tiny caterpillars escape from the eggs about the time the leaves develop, and begin to feed, and are full grown in most cases during June, being at this time two inches or more in length, rather stout, and with numerous rather long hairs, though the caterpillar could hardly be called " furry." These caterpillars now crawl from the leaves to the trunk, fences or rocks, and here they spin a few scattering silk threads around themselves, and then change to short, brown pupae, within which they change from caterpillars to moths. This change having been completed, the moths escape from the pupae in July or Au- gust, and lay their eggs for another generation. 374 A Practical Hand Book This insect is a very serious pest for several reasons. It feeds in the caterpillar stage on a very large number of trees, shrubs and other plants, and is most voracious. It increases rapidly in num- bers and is very resistant to stomach poisons used as sprays. On the other hand, the female moth is so heavy it cannot fly, so that the insect spreads mainly by the caterpillars' crawling, and by the caterpillars' or moths' being carried to new places by vehicles they may get onto. The best methods for the destruction of this pest are by destroy- ing the egg clusters during the fall or winter by soaking them with creosote oil mixed with a little turpentine and coal tar. This can be done by using a swab soaked in the mixture and fastened to the end of a pole, pressing the wet swab against the egg clusters. The caterpillars feed mainly at night and hide from the light to a con- siderable extent in the daytime, hence loose burlap bands around tree trunks will draw many there for concealment, and they can then be easily destroyed. In some cases, spraying heavily with a strong stomach poison, particularly when the caterpillars are young, is quite effective. At present, all hope of a general control of this insect rests in the success of parasitic enemies imported from the native home of this insect, an experiment now being con- ducted by the United States Department of Agriculture and the State of Massachusetts, in co-operation. The Brown-tail Moth. The brown-tail moth was accidentally brought to Massachu- setts about 1890, and since that time has spread from near Boston, where it was first observed, to Maine and Nova Scotia on the northeast, central New Hampshire on the north, the Connecticut River on the west, and to northeastern Connecticut on the south. It has also been found in other parts of the country on im- ported plants, but so far as known, these cases have all been im- mediately discovered and the insects destroyed. Colonies which originated in this way are likely to be discovered at any time, how- ever, and in any case a general distribution of the pest over at least the eastern United States is almost certain to occur sooner or later. Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 375 The adult moth is pure white, except at the end of the body, which bears a tuft of golden brown hairs, which has given the in- sect its name. It measures about an inch between the tips of the extended wings, and flies at night during the first half of July. The moths are active and are attracted to lights, and may often be seen clustering around street lights. They lay their eggs in clus- ters on the leaves of trees, mingled with brown hairs from the end of the body, which conceal the eggs themselves, and an egg cluster may contain from 200 to 400 eggs. These hatch during August, and the little caterpillars feed in company, and when abundant may skeletonize the leaves, causing them to turn brown. In September each cluster of caterpillars passes to the tip of a twig and here spins a web, drawing together a number of leaves for the purpose. These webs or nests of silk and leaves are quite small, being perhaps three or four inches long, and generally an inch or two across, and are very tough and resistant to attempts to tear them open. In these tents the caterpillars winter, leaving them as the buds open and the leaves begin to grow in the spring. The caterpillars now scatter in all directions, feeding on the buds and leaves, and become full grown about the middle of June. They then pupate among the leaves, and from these pupae the moths appear in July. The caterpillars are quite general feeders, but their favorite food plants are perhaps the fruit trees, the oaks, maples and elm. Two reddish spots on the back, one behind the other and not far from its hinder end, make the recognition of this caterpillar easy. Besides the injury to the trees which this insect causes, it is the source of much discomfort and even of suffering to persons where it is abundant. The caterpillar bears numerous finely barbed and brittle hairs, some of which, at least, are also poisonous, and when the caterpillars molt, pupate, or the adults escape from the pupa, these hairs seem to become liberated and arc carried by the winds. When the hairs strike the human skin, they appear to work their way into it and produce a severe irritation known as the " brown-tail rash." Cooling mixtures may be used to relieve this, such as 376 A Practical Hand Book Menthol, 10 grains Zinc oxidi, 2 drams Aq. calcis, ^ 8 ounces Acid carbolici, 15 drops To control the insect, use is made of the habit of the caterpillars of wintering in colonies together in webs or nests at the tips of the twigs, these being cut off and burned at any time during the late fall or winter. When the caterpillars are feeding, either dur- ing the early fall or in the spring, spraying with arsenate of lead is a quite effective method of control. The Fall Web Worm. This insect feeds on a large list of shade trees as well as on fruit trees, the elms, willows, poplars and butternuts being, perhaps, the more favored food plants among the former group. The moth is very variable in appearance, in northern New Eng- land greatly resembling that of the brown-tail moth, except that it has no brown tail. Further south the wings may bear numerous small, black spots. It flies during June, July and early August and lays its eggs, several hundred in a cluster, on the underside of a leaf. These eggs soon hatch and the caterpillars begin to spin a web, under which they feed. This web is extended as they grow and need more food, enclosing more of the leaves, until quite a part or all of a branch may be thus enclosed. After feeding thus for a month or more the caterpillars leave the web, and either in the ground or in crevices of the bark of the tree spin their cocoons. The moths may emerge from these cocoons the same year and lay eggs for a second generation, the caterpillars of which will feed the same fall, but in New England it is more usual for them to pass the winter in the cocoon, the moths appearing the following summer. As the caterpillars of this insect feed together under a web, it is easy to cut off this and kill the caterpillars, particularly when the webs first appear and are small. Burning the webs on the tree is sometimes resorted to, but many of the caterpillars are liable to escape, and the tree is liable to be injured by this method. Spray- Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 577 ing with arsenate of lead close around the webs, so that the leaves next to be enclosed shall have been poisoned, is also a good method of control. Numerous natural enemies of this insect aid man by holding it in check to some extent. Canker Worms. The canker worms are two closely related insects, known as the Fall Canker Worm and the Spring Canker Worm. In both species the caterpillar is an " inchworm " or " looper; " in both the cater- pillar feeds during the spring months, and when through feeding, leaves the tree to pupate in the ground; in both the female moth is wingless; and in both the eggs are laid by the wingless female on the twigs of the tree, to which she must, therefore, crawl from the ground. The moths of the fall canker worm come out of the ground dur- ing warm days in late October, November and early De- cember, and the females crawl up the trees to the twigs, where they lay their eggs in clusters. These eggs hatch about the time the leaves appear the following spring, and the caterpillars feed for four or five weeks until full grown, then go into the ground to pu- pate, the moths from the pupae appearing late in the fall, as al- ready stated. While the caterpillars are feeding they will, if dis- turbed, spin down from the trees on silken threads. The spring canker worm moths come out of the ground during the first warm days of spring, even in February in some cases, crawl up the trees to the twigs and lay their eggs. These soon hatch and the caterpillars feed during about the same months as those of the fall canker worm, leave the tree at about the same time and pupate in the ground, but the moths do not emerge that year, spending the winter as pupae in the ground. These insects are quite general feeders, consuming the leaves of the apple, elm, chestnut, pear, oak, hickory, box-elder, maple and other trees. As the eiggs are laid on the twigs by wingless femaljs, it is evident that anything which will prevent these females from climbing the trees will be effective, and accordingly sticky bands and metal deflectors are extensively used. In general the sticky mateiial known as " Tree Tanglefoot " has proved the most sue- 378 A Practical Hand Book cessful material to use for this purpose, bands of tar and printer's ink needing renewal frequently, while metal deflectors are expen- sive and often need readjustment to prevent gaps opening, through which the insects can pass. For the fall canker worm the Tanglefoot should be applied by the middle of October in a band from four to six inches wide, while for the spring canker worm it should be applied the first warm day in February, even if there be snow on the ground. If the canker worms are already feeding on the foliage when their presence is first discovered, spraying with a stomach poison is the most satisfactory remedy. The White-marked Tussock Moth. This insect feeds on the leaves of many of our shade and fruit trees and is quite abundant throughout the eastern United States. The winter is passed in the egg stage, the eggs being laid in clus- ters on the old cocoons of the female moths, covered by a white froth which quickly hardens, forming a crust. These egg masses and the cocoons on which they occur are found on the larger limbs and trunks of the trees and sometimes on the smaller twigs, gen- erally in the latter case with a leaf more or less bound to the cocoon, thus rendering these more noticeable during the winter. The eggs hatch in the spring andthe cater pillars feed till full grown in June. They are then an inch and a half or more in length, yellow and black in color, and have two long pencils of black hairs at the head and a third at the hinder end of the body, besides four short, dense, yellowish, very noticeable tufts in a row a short distance behind the head, which is coral red. The caterpillars now go to the trunk and larger limbs, where they spin their silken cocoons, from which the adult moths soon escape. The female moth being wingless, lays her eggs on the outside of the cocoon from which she emerged, covering them with a white froth, as already described. The eggs soon hatch and the cater- pillars crawl to the leaves, where they feed during the latter part of July and August. When full grown, they in their turn go to the limbs and trunk to form their cocoons, from which the second gen- eration of moths escape and lay their eggs which winter over. Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 379 There are, accordingly, two generations of this insect each year, the feeding periods of the caterpillars being during May and early June, and late July and August. To check the destruction caused by this insect, the egg clusters covered by the white crust may be gathered and burned whenever they are noticed. Spraying with arsenate of lead early in May and again the latter part of July will destroy the caterpillars, but is unnecessary if the egg clusters have been attended to. Banding the trunks of trees not infested, with Tree Tanglefoot, will protect these if their branches do not touch those of infested trees, as the female is wingless, and to reach the trees she or the caterpillars must crawl up the trunks. SPECIAL FEEDERS. The Elm -leaf Beetle. This insect reached the United States from Europe about seven- ty-five years ago and is now quite generally distributed through the eastern states. The elm is its only food plant, and the Euro- pean elm generally suffers more from its attacks than the Ameri- can species. The insect passes the winter as the adult beetle, hiding in any protected places available, such as attics, old chimneys, etc., and is often found on the windows in houses in the spring, seeking to escape to the trees. The beetle is about a quarter of an inch long and about half as wide, and is yellow in the summer with a dark band on each side, but after wintering over, the yellow changes to a dull olive green. After the elm leaves appear the beetles fly to the trees, and feed, eating irregular holes and laying their eggs. These are yellow in color and are placed on the under sides of the leaves, generally along a vein and in two rows, and number from a dozen to thirty. The beetle feeds and lays its eggs in this way for several weeks. The grubs which hatch from these eggs feed on the under surface of the leaves, leaving the upper surface entire, for fifteen or twenty 380 A Practical Hand Book days, then crawl down the tree to the larger limbs, trunk, or even to the ground, and pupate, either in crevices of the bark or on the ground, the adult beetles escaping from the pupae after about a week. In the more northern states these beetles are the ones which winter over, and though they may feed somewhat on the leaves during the fall, do little injury. In the middle and more southern states, however, they return to the trees and lay eggs for a second generation of grubs, which feed during the late summer months and become adult before winter. It is rarely profitable to spray twice for these insects — once as soon as the leaves have developed, and again about the time the young hatch — and the usual treatment is to spray with arsenate of lead, using about five pounds of the arsenate to fifty gallons of water, about the time the eggs hatch, the exact date varying con- siderably with difference of latitude. The spray should be di- rected so as to reach the underside of the leaves as far as possible, as the grubs feed only on that side. If for any reason spraying is not possible or has been neglected, the trunk and larger limbs of the trees should be made quite smooth, to leave as few crevices as possible high up where the grubs might pupate, thus inducing them to come farther down where they may be destroyed by the use of a contact poison, such as strong kerosene emulsion. Sticky bands on a tree are of no pro- tection against this insect, as the beetle flies freely. The Sugar-maple Borer. This insect attacks trees in full vigor, the borer making a bur- row often several feet in length in a single season. Where this runs obliquely around the trunk or a limb it causes a more or less complete girdling, seriously injuring, or in some cases where two or three borers are present, even killing the tree. The adult beetle is about an inch long, black and yellow, the markings making it very noticeable. It is found mainly during July and August, during which period the eggs are laid. The young borers which hatch from the eggs bore just under the bark, Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 381 mainly in the trunk or near the bases of the larger limbs. Here the winter is passed, and the following spring the boring is resumed, the tunnels running in any direction, though most often upward or obliquely around the tree. Later a deep burrow is formed farther in the tree, running upward toward the heart. Here the borer pupates, escaping the following summer as the adult beetle. Few effective methods of control can be used against this in- sect. Discoloration of the bark and particles of frass found on the trees in the fall may indicate about where a young borer is at work, and the use of a knife, cutting out the borer there, is advis- able. If a burrow can be found in which it seems probable a borer is present but out of reach, a little carbon disulphide placed on some cotton and pushed into the hole, which should then be stopped up with soap, putty, or some similar material, should destroy the borer. Treating the trunks of the trees with a carbolic acid wash about the middle of June would probably provide some protection against egg laying on trees thus treated. This wash is made by adding a gallon of hot water to a gallon of soft soap, adding a pint of crude carbolic acid and letting it stand twelve hours before di- luting with eight gallons of soft water. This should be thoroughly washed over the trunk and also a few feet up on each of the larger limbs. Tiie Cottony Maple Scale. This scale insect is frequently very injurious to maples, par- ticularly soft maples, and is also sometimes found on other plants. It is located on the twigs and resembles a small tuft of cotton pro- truding from beneath a small brown scale. The insect is not often very noticeable during the spring months, the cottony portion not having developed. During the summer, however, the cottony threads form, and among these the eggs and young occur. The young soon leave the cotton where they were born, and pass to the leaves and settle down, mainly along the veins, to feed. Each now secretes a covering scale, and, before the leaves drop, the insects travel back to the twigs to pass the winter. In the spring they grow rapidly, and in June produce the cottony threads, making them more noticeable. 382 A Practical Hand Book Brushing infested twigs with a brush or broom wet with kero- sene emulsion has been suggested as a treatment for this insect, but winter spraying with about twenty per cent, kerosene emul- sion has given the most successful results. Oak Galls. Though a large number of insects attack the various kinds of oaks, few can ordinarily be regarded as serious pests. If cater- pillars are feeding on the leaves, spraying with a stomach poison is usually a sufficient treatment. Borers in the trunk can be handled as suggested for the maple borer, and sucking insects can be con- trolled by spraying where they are with a contact poison. Gall insects, however, may cause perplexity, as neither of the methods just named would seem to fit this case. It is very unusual for gall insects to be so abundant on a tree as to render it liable to die. It is very common, however, for them to disfigure the tree and thus lead to a desire for treatment. In cases where galls are formed on the branches they are likely to become permanent eyesores, and such branches should be promptly cut off and burned. Elsewhere on the tree there is little which it will pay to do, and patience will usually be rewarded in a year or two by the disappearance of the galls, as their makers are gradually over- come by the natural enemies of these insects. The Rose-leaf Hopper. This is a common pest on roses grown out of doors. During the latter part of May and in June, numerous tiny young of this insect may be found on the under side of the leaves, from which they suck the juices, producing whitish spots, and if abundant may cause the leaves to turn yellow and drop off. At first these insects cannot fly, though they can hop freely, but after they have become adult, disturbing the bush may start them flying in clouds. These adults are about an eighth of an inch long and pale yellow in color. Thorough spraying of Infested plants with kerosene emulsion or soap is quite effective as a treatment, provided that the spray be directed against the undersides of the leaves and be driven rather Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 383 suddenly, hitting the insects before they have time to hop or fly away. If a strong stream of water can be driven at them through a garden hose, this may be sufficient without resorting to the in- secticides. The Rose Plant Louse or Aphis. Small green plant lice or aphides are frequently met with on roses during the spring and summer months, gathering most abun- dantly on the buds and younger leaves. They are nearly always wingless and increase very rapidly, from four to ten young being produced almost every day by the adults. These pests feed by sucking the juices from the plant, and when abundant on the buds frequently blight them. They can be held in check by spraying the plants with kerosene emulsion or soap, but it should be borne in mind that as only those touched by the spray are killed, the spray- ing must be very thorough to be successful, and if only a few es- cape, there will be multitudes present again, in the course of three or four weeks. The Rose Chafer. These insects, often known as rose bugs or rose beetles, are about half an inch long and light brown in color. They appear about the time the roses begin to bud and seem to feed almost en- tirely upon the buds and flowers, being present for three or four weeks. They are not restricted to the rose for food, but attack the buds and blossoms of various ornamental plants, besides the blackberry, grape and fruit trees. The eggs are laid in the ground and the grubs feed on grass roots, and pupate there. There is, therefore, no successful method of attacking this insect, except during its adult condition. In this stage, however, it is very hardy and resistant to poisons. It can be destroyed by spraying with very strong arsenate of lead, but even then, it is usually several days before it succumbs, and during this time it continues feeding, while heavy spraying of the plants while in bud and flower is hardly practicable. The only successful treatment, therefore, is by hand-picking, or by jarring the insects off onto cloths, from which they can be gathered and 384 A Practical Hand Book destroyed by dropping them into kerosene. As the beetles are most active during the warm part of the day, this treatment should be used early in the morning or toward night, when they are less inclined to fly. Where it is possible to enclose the buds in paper bags, this will give protection from the beetles, but this is not always practicable. The Red Spider. This animal, which is not really an insect but a mite, is fre- quently found on the leaves of roses as well as other plants. It is not larger than a pin head, yellowish or reddish in color, and sucks the vitality from the plant, causing the leaves gradually to turn pale and become stunted, and in time the plant dies, unless treat- ment is applied. These pests are particularly sensitive to sulphur, however, and flowers of sulphur dusted over the plant, as much as possible placed on the under side of the leaves, or mixed with water at the rate of an ounce of the sulphur to a gallon of water, and sprayed onto the plants, is usually a fairly satisfactory treatment. In some cases the use of soapsuds in- stead of the water to add the sulphur to, seems to be more efficacious. The Spruce Gall Louse. Soft, fleshy green galls often noticed in June and July at the bases of the twigs of different kinds of spruces, are the work of gall-making plant lice. The lice feed in chambers in the galls, which are often an inch long and half as wide, during the months named, but by August the galls crack open outside each cavity and turn brown, thus permitting the lice to escape. During the fall and winter these lice, in one stage or another, may be found on the tree, and the following spring eggs are laid, from which the gall inhabiting insects are produced. The formation of a gall at the base of a twig nearly always causes the death of that twig, and a tree where the insects are abundant becomes thin, with many dead twigs showing brown galls, and as a whole is by no means the ornament it should be. Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 385 When the galls first appear on a tree, it is generally best to pick them off and destroy them. When they are abundant, this meth- od becomes no longer practicable, and a thorough spraying with two pounds of soap dissolved in a gallon of water, applied about the third or fourth week in April, is the best treatment available. The Oyster-shell Scale. This scale insect attacks the willow, poplar, ash, lilac, and sev- eral other ornamental trees and shrubs, besides the apple, and fre- quently destroys the tree it is on. The scale covering the insect is bluntly pointed at one end, rounded at the other, two or three times as long as broad, and generally more or less bent toward one side, somewhat resembling an oyster-shell in form. It varies in color, but is some shade of gray or brown. During the winter the scale shelters beneath itself the dead female insect which formed it, together with from thirty to one hundred pale straw-colored eggs. These eggs hatch between the middle of May and the tenth of June, according to the latitude, climate and advancement of the season, and the very minute whitish young crawl about seeking for places where they may settle down to feed. When such places are found, they thrust their beaks through the bark and begin to suck the sap from the plant. A scale now begins to be formed over the back of the insect, which becomes adult by fall. The eggs are laid under the scale and the insect dies. In the more northern states these eggs remain under the scale till the following year, before hatching. Further south they may hatch the same season, giving a second generation the same year. The fact that the eggs of this pest all hatch at about the same time is made use of in the treatment employed, which is to spray very thoroughly as soon as the eggs hatch — at which time the tiny whitish young can be seen crawling around, if looked sharply for — with linseed oil emulsion, made as follows: Hard soap, 1 pound Raw linseed oil, 1 gallon Water to make 12 gallons Dissolve the soap in a small quantity of warm water, adil the 386 A Practical Hand Book oil and churn by forcing through the spray pump, pointing the nozzle back into the mixture, until it becomes thick; then add the rest of the water, and spray. It is well to repeat this treatment about ten days later, both because the first treatment may have missed some of the insects and because some of the eggs may not have hatched at the time of the first spraying. INSECTICIDES. Arsenate of Lead. This is now sold ready for use, by adding the requisite amount of water, by a number of manufacturers. It is probably our most effective stomach poison, for though costing more than paris green, it remains on the plant where it has been sprayed a much longer time, and is less liable to burn the foliage. Unless large quantities are to be used it is better to buy it than to make it, but if directions for making are desired, these will be supplied on appli- cation to the Agricultural Experiment Station of any state. Ordinarily about three pounds of arsenate of lead should be mixed with fifty gallons of water to spray, but for the gypsy moth, brown-tail moth and elm-leaf beetle, five pounds should be used instead. In spraying it is necessary that the sediment should be constantly stirred, in order for it to be carried out through the pump and be evenly distributed. Paris Green. This material is rarely as eff"ective as the last, and is only men- tioned because it may in some cases be difficult to obtain the other. One third of a pound of paris green should be mixed with half a pound of quicklime which has just been slaked in some water, and water should be added to make a total of about fifty gallons, and the whole well stirred while spraying, for the reason stated above. Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 387 Soap. Plant lice, leaf hoppers, etc., may generally be destroyed by spraying them with one pound of any common laundry soap dis- solved in four or five gallons of water. Extreme thoroughness of application is necessary, as only those insects actually touched by the spray are affected. Kerosene Emulsion. This material is more effective than soap for sucking-insects, but is more difficult to make. To prepare it, take half a pound of any hard soap shaved fine, and dissolve in a gallon of hot water. Then remove from the fire and add two gallons of kerosene and churn with a spray pump, turning the nozzle of the pump back into the mixture, which should soon become thick and therefore difficult to force through the pump. When this condition has been reached, take one part of the mixture or stock material and add it to nine parts of water, if for use on plant lice; or to six parts of water for leaf hoppers; mix well and spray. If the water is hard add some borax or soda to soften it. Many other kinds of insects frequently attack our shade trees and shrubs, and in case of doubt as to their identity and the appro- priate treatment to be given, specimens of the insect or its work can be sent to the Agricultural Experiment Station of the state in which the person desiring assistance resides. Information and advice as to the best methods of treatment for different insects are supplied by the officials of these stations, without charge. TREES, SHRUBS AND PLANTS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. Plants Particularly Adapted for Rock-Gardens. Page Adiantum pedatum 148 Ajuga genevensis 151 Ajuga metallica var. crispa 151 Allium azureum 151 Anemone pennsylvanica 156 Anemone Pulsatilla 156 Anemone sylvestris 156 Aquilegia canadensis 157 Aquilegia caerulea 157 Arabis albida 158 Arabis alpina 158 Arctostaphylos uva ursi 158 Artemisia frigida 159 Artemisia pontica 159 Artemisia stellariana 159 Aster alpinus 161 Callirhoe involucrata 169 Campanula carpatica 170 Cerastium tomentosum 175 Ceratostigma plumbaginoides 175 Chionodoxa luciliae 177 Crocus vernus 187 Cypripedium acaule 187 Cypripedium sf>cctabile 188 Daphne cneorum 188 Dennstaedtia (Dicksonia) punctilobula 189 Dianthus deltoides 191 Dianthus plumarius 191 Dodecathcon mcadia 193 Epigxa rcpcns 195 Epimedium alpinum var. rubrum 195 Erythronium Amcricanum 196 Erythronium dcns-canis 196 Galanthus nivalis 203 Galium borcalo 203 Gentiana Andrcwsii 203 Geranium Endre&si Geranium platypetalum Geranium sanguineum Goodyera pubescens Gypsophila repens Hedysarum muliijugum Pace 204 204 204 205 205 206 Helianthcmum (all varieties) 207 Helleborus niger 209 Hepatica (all varieties) 210 Heuchera sanguinea 211 Hieracium aurantiacum 213 Houstonia caerulea 213 Hypericum moserianum 216 Iberis (all varieties) 216 Iriscristata 218 Iris pumila 218 Jasione perennis 220 Juniperus sabina 221 Junipcrus sabina var. prostrata 221 Juniperus sabina var. tamarisci folia 221 Lathyrus laiifolius 225 Lalhyrus vernus 225 Lilium tenuifolium 231 Linum p>crenne 231 Lychnis chalcedonica 236 Lychnis dioica var. florc-pleno 236 Lychnis flos-cuculi 236 Lychnis flos-cuculi var. plenissima 236 Lychnis Haageana 237 Lychnis viscaria var. splcndcn* 237 Lychnis alba var. flore-pleno 235 Lycium halimifoliuin 237 Lysimachta nummubria 238 Malva moschata 240 Mertcnsia pulmonarioi«'» 241 390 A Practical Hand Book Mitchella repens Myosotis palustris Nierembergia rivularis (Enothera missouriensis CEnothera speciosa CEnothera fruticosa var. Onoclea sensibilis Ononis rotundifolia Opuntia missouriensis Pachysandra terminalis Papaver nudicaule Phlox amoena Phlox divaricata Phlox ovata Phlox stellaria Phlox subulata Physalis Franchetti Polemonium reptans Potentilla hybrida Primula auricula Primula Sieboldi Primula Polyantha Rosa wichuraiana Rubus laciniatus Sanguinaria canadensis 242 243 245 246 246 Yourigii 246 246 247 247 248 250 255 257 255 258 258 258 267 270 270 271 271 286 307 312 Saxifraga cordifolia 314 Scilla sibirica 315 Sedum acre 315 Sedum album 315 Sedum Sieboldii 316 Sedum stoloniferum 317 Sempervivum (all varieties) 317 Seneceo pulcher 318 Silene maritima var. flore-pleno 318 Silene virginica 318 Sisyrinchium grandiflorum 319 Starice latifolia 326 Thymus (all varieties) 338 Trillium (all varieties) 340 ,341 Tunica saxifraga 343 Veronica spuria 348 Veronica incana 348 Veronica repens 348 Veronica rupestris 348 Vinca minor 352 Viola cornuta 353 Viola pedata 353 Woodsia ilvensis 355 Woodwardia angustifolia 355 Plants for Bog Gardens or Good in Wet Places. Acorus calamus var. variegatus Arundo donax Arundo donax var. variegata Azalea arborescens Azalea canadensis Azalea calendulacea Azalea nudiflora Azalea Vaseyi Azalea viscosa Benzoin odoriferum Cephalanthus occidentalis Chrysanthemum uliginosum Clethra alnifolia Cornus stolonifera Cornus sanguinea Cornus amomum 148 Cypripedium acaule 187 160 Cypripedium spectabile 188 160 Dodecaetheon meadia 193 163 Doronicum plantagineum 193 163 Doronicum Clusii 193 163 Doronicum caucasicum 193 163 Empetrum nigrum 194 163 Epimedium macranthum 195 163 Eryngium aquaticum 196 165 Erythronium Americanum 196 174 Erythronium grandiflorum 196 179 Eulalia, See Miscanthus 196 181 Eupatorium purpureum 198 185 Funkia subcordata var. grandi- 184 florum 202 184 Funkia lancifolia 202 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 391 Gentiana Andrewsii Geranium maculatum Hamamelis virginiana Hemerocallis (all varieties) Heracleum villosum Hibiscus moscheutos Hibiscus moscheutos var. crimson eye Houstonia caerulea Hydrophyllum canadense Ilex opaca Ilex verticillata Iris Kaempferi Iris pseudacorus Iris sibirica Iris versicolor Kalmia latifolia Ledum latifolium Lobelia cardinalis Lobelia syphilitica Lythrum salicaria Lythrum salicaria var, roseum Miscanthus sinensis Miscanthus sinensis var. gracil- limus Miscanthus sinensis var. varie- gatus Miscanthus sinensis var. zcbrinus 242 Monarda didyma Myosotis palustris Nemopanthus fascicularius Nierembcrgia rivularis Oenothera fruticosa Youngii 203 Oenothera speciosa 246 204 Onoclea (Matteuccia) 206 struthiopteris 246 209 Osmunda cinnamomea 247 211 Osmunda regalis 247 212 Phalaris arundinacea 253 I Polygonatum multiflorum 267 212 Polygonum sachalinense 268 213 Potentilla fruticosa 270 215 Ranunculus aconitifolius 278 217 Ranunculus acris var. flore- 217 pleno 279 218 Ranunculus repens var. flore- 219 pleno 279 219 Rhexia virginica 279 219 Rhododendron maximum 281 223 Rosa spinosissima 291 226 Rosa Carolina 285 232 Sambucus nigra 311,312 232 Sambucus racemosa 312 238 Sarracenia Drummondii 313 238 Sarraccnia purpurea 313 241 Stenanthium occidentale 326 Stuartia pentagyna 327 241 Taxus canadensis 334 Trillium grandiflorum 340 241 Trollius europaeus 341 242 Typha latifolia 343 242 Ulmaria palmata 344 243 Ulmaria pcntapetala 344 245 Ulmaria rubra 344 245 Viburnum accrifoHum 349 246 Viburnum alnifolium 349 A Few Good Hedge Plants. Berbcris Thunbergii Chamaccyparis obtusa Crataegus crus-galli Crataegus oxyacantha Cydonia japonica Gleditschia triacanthos Ilex crenata Juniperus virginiana 166 Ligustrum amurcnse 176 Ligustrum ibota 186 Ligustrum ovalifuliuiii 186 Picca alba 187 Picea excclsa 205 Rhamnus cathartica 217 Rosa rubiginosii 222 Salix jjentandra 227 228 228 259 260 279 290 310 392 A Practical Hand Book Spiraea Thunbergii Syringa vulgaris Thuya occidentalis Tsuga canadensis 325 Viburnum dentatura 330 Viburnum cassinoides 335 Viburnum nudum 342 349 349 350 Some of the Best Vines and Climbers. Actinidia polygama and arguta Akebia quinata Ampelopsis quinquifolia Ampelopsis quinquifolia var. Englemanni Ampelopsis heterophylla Apios tuberosa Aristolochia macrophylla Celastrus scandens Clematis paniculata Clematis virginiana Clematis lanuginosa var. Henryi Clematis lanuginosa var. Jack- mani Clematis lanuginosa var. Mme. Andre Clematis lanuginosa var. Mme. Baron Veillard Clematis montana Clematis hybrida var. New England Decumaria barbara Euonymus radicans Hedera Helix Humulus lupulus Ipomoea pandurata Lonicera periclymenum var. belgica Lonicera Heckrotti 148 151 154 154 154 156 158 174 181 181 180 180 180 180 180 180 188 197 206 213 218 234 233 Lonicera japonica Lonicera japonica var. aureo- reticulata Lonicera japonica var. Halliana Lonicera sempervirens Lycium halimifolium Menispermum canadense Periploca graeca Polygonum Baldschuanicum Pueraria Thunbergiana Rosa setigera var. Baltimore Belle Rosa hybrida var. Carmine Pillar Rosa multiflora var. Crimson Rambler Rosa multiflora var. Debutante Rosa multiflora var. Dorothy Perkins Rosa multiflora var. Lady Gay Schizophragma hydrangeoides Tecoma radicans Tecoma grandiflora Vitis coignetiae Vitis labrusca Vitis vulpina Wistaria chinensis Wistaria multijuga 233 233 233 234 237 241 253 267 274 291 292 292 292 292 292 314 334 335 354 354 354 354 355 ;Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Fruit. Berberis canadensis Berberis amurensis Berberis Thunbergii Celastrus scandens Celtis occidentalis 165 165 166 174 174 Cotoneaster Simonsi Cotoneaster microphylla Crataegus crus-galli Crataegus cordata Crataegus coccinea 185 185 186 186 186 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 393 Crataegus oxyacantha Elaeagnus argentea Elaeagnus longipes Euonymus Americanus Euonymus alatus Euonymus nanus Euonymus europaeus Euonymus radicans Ilex crenata Ilex opaca Ilex verticillata Ligustrum ibota Ligustrum vulgare Lonicera Morrowi Lonicera Ruprechtiana Lonicera tatarica Lonicera xylosteum Magnolia glauca Magnolia macrophylla Magnolia tripetala Myrica cerifera Prunus maritima Prunus pumila Ptelea trifoliata P>'racantha coccinea Pyrus baccata Pyrus coronaria Pyrus floribunda 186 Rhamnus dahurica 279 194 Rhamnus Frangula or 194 Carolineana 279 197 Rhodotypos kerrioides 282 197 Rhus glabra 283 197 Rhus typhina 283 197 Rosa rugosa 289 197 Rosa blanda 286 217 Rosa multiflora 286 217 Rosa rubiginosa 290 217 Sambucus racemosa 312 228 Sorbus arbutifolia 320 228 Sorbus aucuparia 320 234 Sorbus hybrida 321 234 Symphoricarpos racemosus 328 235 Symphoricarpos vulgaris 328 235 Symplocus crataegoides 328 239 Taxus canadensis 334 239 Taxus cuspidata 334 239 Viburnum acerifolium 349 243 Viburnum alnifolium 349 272 Viburnum cassinoides 349 273 Viburnum dentatum 349 274 Viburnum dilatatum 350 275 Viburnum lantana 350 275 Viburnum lentago 350 275 Viburnum nudum 350 276 Viburnum opulus 351 Trees and Shrubs with Distinct Colored Leaves OTHER THAN GrEEN. Acer negundo var. aurea marginatum 144 Acer platanoides var. Schwedleri 144 Acer platanoides var. Geneva 144 Acer palmatum var. atropurpur eum Acer palmatum var. dissect um atropurpureum Acer japonicum var. aureum 145 145 143 Acer pscudo-platanus var. Worleei Berberis vulgaris var. atropur- purea 145 165 Betula alba var. atropurpurea 167 Calluna vulgaris var. aurea 169 Catalpa bignonioides var. purpurea Chamaecyparis pisifcra var filifera aurea Chamaecypjaris pisiferavar. plumosa aurea Chamaecyparis pisifera var. aurea 176 Comus mascula var variegata IM Cornus sanguinca var. variegata 184 Cornus alba var. Spaethi 1S3 Corylus maxima var. purpurea 185 173 176 177 394 A Practical Hand Book Diervilla florida var. variegata 192 Euonymus radicans var. argen- teo marginatus or reticulatus 197 Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea 199 Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea Riversi 200 Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. aucubaefolia 201 Juniperus communis var. aurea 220 Juniperus chinensis var. argen- teo variegata 221 Juniperus virginiana var. ele- gantissima 222 Kerria japonica var. argenteo- variegata 223 Ligustrum ovalifolium var. variegatum 228 Philadelphus coronarius var. aureus 253 Physocarpus opulifolius var. aurea 259 Picea alba var. aurea 259 Picea excelsa var. Finedonensis 260 Picea pungens 262 Pinus Thunbergi var. oculus- draconis 263 Populus alba 268 Populus deltoides var. Van Geertii 269 Prunus persica var. purpurea 272 Prunus cerasifera var. atropur- purea 271 Ptelea trifoliata var. aurea 274 Quercus pedunculata var. con- cordia 278 Sambucus nigra var. aurea 311 Symphoricarpos vulgaris var. variegatus 328 Taxus baccata var. argent ea 334 Thuya occidentalis var. alba 335 Thuya occidentalis var. lutea 336 Thuya occidentalis var. Ver- vseneana 337 Thuya orientalis var. aurea 337 Thuya orientalis var. elegantis- sima 337 Ulmus campestris var. antarctica aurea 345 Ulmus campestris var. Louis van Houtte 345 Ulmus scabra var. atropurpurea 345 A Few of the Best Hardy Ferns. Adiantum pedatum 148 Dennstaedtia (Dicksonia) punc- tilobula 189 Onoclea sensibilis 246 Onoclea (Matteuccia) struthiop- teris 246 Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda claytoniana Osmunda regalis Pterib aquilina Woodsia ilvensis Woodwardia angustifolia 247 247 247 274 355 355 L^ INDEX A Ash, 201 Abbreviations, 140 American, 201 Aconite, 147 Aucuba-leaved. 201 Adam's Needle, ; t> 1 ^lUr-tOS) 356 Black, 201 Alder, 151 European, 201 Black, 217 Flowering, 201 Cut-leaved, 152 Weeping, 201 Alkanet, 155 Ash berry. 165 Allspice, 169 Aspen, 269 Carolina, f 3 (111 -♦f) 169 American, 270 Almond, 270 Large Toothed, 269 Double Pink, 270 Asphodel, 161 Double White, 270 Aster, 161 Alpine Rose, 281 Mountain, 161 Althaea, ZlS" (111. It) 212 Stokes, 327 Alum Root, 211 Tartarian, 161 Apache Plume, 204 Aquatic Garden Effects, 123 Aralia, 143 Autumn Crocus, 182 Five- leaved, 143 Auricula, 270 Arbor Vitac, 335 Avens, 204 American, 335 Douglas' Little Gem, 337 B Geo. Pcabody's, 336 Baby's Breath, 205 Globe, 336 Bachelor's Button, 278 Golden, 336 Bald Cypress, m Heath -leaved. 336 Balloon Flower, 266 Hovey's, 336 Semi-double, 266 Pyramidal, 337 White, 266 Queen Victoria, 335 Balm, 241 River's, 337 Variegated, 241 Siberian, 337 Balm of Gilcad, 269 Tom Thumb, 336 Barberry, 165 Vervacne's, 337 Common, 165 Weeping, 336 Japanese, -V 3 (III. ¥c) 166 Arbutus, 195 Purple-leaved, 165 Trailing, 195 Siebold's, 165 Arrow Wood, 349 Barren wort, 195 Arsenate of Lead, 386 Bass-woo\ 183 Variegated, 183 Cottony Maple Scale, The, 381 Cottonwood, 269 Cowslip, 271 English, 271 Crab, 275 Bechtel's, 275 Flowering, (ill 21) 276 Hall's Flowering. 276 Wild, 275 Cranberry Bush, 351 Dwarf. 351 Crane's Bill, 204 Crimson Eyed Hibiscus, '^ ^ 7ttt. 6«>) Crimson Glory Vine, 354 Crowbcrry, 195 Cuchoo- flower, 236 White. 236 Cucumber Tree, 238 Large-leaved, 239 Cup-plant, 319 Currants, 283 Double Flowered. 284 Missouri. 284 Mountain, 283 Red Flowered, 284 Wild, 284 Cushion Flower, 314 White, 314 Cushion-pink, 159 White. 159 Cypress. 176. 177 398 A Practical Hand Book ?7 N Daffodil, 244 Hoop Petticoat, 244 Daisy. 165 English, 165 Giant, 179 Shastae, % 3 (111. 4tt) 179 Turfing, 179 Dark Mullen, 347 Day-lily, 202, 209 White, 202 Double, 210 Decumary, 188 Dendrobium, 226 Desmodium, 226 Dielytra, 191 Distances Apart for Plants, 358 Dog's Tooth Violet, 196 Dogwood, 182 Alternate-leaved, 183 Pink Flowering, 184 Round-leaved, 183 Weeping, 184 White Flowering, 184 White-fruited, 183 Driveway Treatment, (111. 129) Dropwort, 344 Double, 344 Dutchman's Pipe, ';'' 7 {Ul-m) 158 Dyer's Broom, 203 £ Elder, 311 Cut-leaved, 312 Golden, 311 Red Berried, 312 Variegated, 312 Elm, 345 American, /A 7 345 Blandford, 346 Camperdown, 346 English, 345 Golden-leaved, 345 Purple-leaved, 345 Scotch, 346 Slippery, 345 Van Houttei's, 345 Elm-leaf Beetle, The, 379 Empress Tree, 251 Evening Primrose, 246 White, 246 Yellow, 246 Everlasting, ^ 155 Explanations, 140 F Fall Web Worm, The, 376 False Dragonhead, 259, 193 Feather-grass, 327 Feathered Columbine, 335 Fern, 148 Chain, 355 Cinnamon, 247 Gossamer or Hay, 189 Interrupted, 247 Ostrich, 246 Royal, :; / (111.-^ 247 Sensitive, 246 Fescue Grass, 200 Blue, 200 Feverfew, 178 Fir, 142 Balsam, 142 Cilician, 142 Nordman, 142 Spanish, 134 Veitch's, 143 Washington, 142 White, 142 Fire Bush, 187 Fire-pink, 318 Flag, 218 Dwarf, 219 East Siberian, 219 Siberian, 219 Water, 219 White Siberian, 219 Yellow-banded, 218 Flea-bane, 195, 218 Foam-flower, 338 Forget-me-not, 243 Fox Berry, 347 Foxglove, y/ (111 . m) 91, 193 %\ Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 399 Fringe, 177 Purple, 282 White, (IIL 27) 177 Fuchsia, 201 Hardy, 201 G Garden Heliotrope, 347 Garden-plans, 130-139 Garland Flower, 188 Gas Plant, ^ / (m. Ai) 191 Gentian, 203 Closed, 203 Geranium, 204 Wild, 204 German Iris, ^'3 (lll.iM^ Giant Bay, 281 Giant Reed, 160 Variegated, 160 Globe Flower, 223, 341 Double, 223, 342 Variegated, 223 Globe Thistle, 194 Glory of the Snow, 177 Glossary, 140 Goat's Beard, 160, 162 Goat's Rue, 203 Golden Bell, 200 Drooping, 200 Fortune's, 200 Upright, 200 Gold Flower, 216 Golden Glow, 308 Golden Rod, 319 Goldentuft, 153 Grape, 354 Fox, 354 Frost, 354 Grape Hyacinth, 243 Grasswort, 175 Starry, 175 Great Laurel, 281 Groundsel, 318 Groundsel-tree, 164 Guidcr Rose, 351 Gout weed, 149 Gypsy Moth, The, 373 Hackberry, 174 Hair Grass, 242 Hawkweed, 213 Orange, 213 Hawthorne, 186 English, 186 Ha7el. 185 Cut-leaved, 185 Golden-leaved, 185 Purple- leaved, 185 Heather, 169 Golden, 169 Hedge Plants, 391 Hemlock, (III. 23) 342 American, 342 Carolina, 342 Sargent's Weeping, 342 Hercules Club, 158 Hickory, 212 Shagbark, 213 Swamp, 212 Hobble Bush. 349 Hollyhock, 152 Alleghany, 152 Holly, 217 Homestead Lily, 209 Honey Locust, 205 Weeping, 205 Honeysuckle, 233 Belgian, 234 Chinese, 233 Fly, 235 Golden, 233 Hall's, 37 (III. m) 2SS Fragrant. 233 Japanese, 233 Scarlet Trumpet, 234 Siberian, 235 Tartarian, 235 White-bush, 235 Hop, 213 Hop Hornbeam, 24S Hop Tree, 274 Golden, 274 400 A Practical Hand Book ^ ^tr Horehound, 240 Jonquil, 244 Hornbeam, 171 Judas Tree, 175 Horse Chestnut, 149 Double White, 149 K Dwarf, 150 How to Plant, 358 Kentucky Coffee -tree, 205 Huckleberry, 347 Kerosene Emulsion, 287 Hairy, 347 Kerria, 282 Swamp, 347 White, 282 House-leek, 317 Knap-weed, 174 Irish, 318 Knot Weed, 267 Hyacinth, 214 Tall, 268 Dutch, 214 Kudzu Vine, 274 Grape, 243 « Summer, 203 L Hysop, 216 Laburnum, 224 / Weeping, 224 :> I Lady's SHpper, r f (!"■ »»> 1 187 Illustrations, 13-129 Showy, 187 Indian Currant, 328 Lamb-kill, 222 Variegated, 328 Lantern Plant, 258 Indigo, 164 Chinese, 258 Inkberry, 217 Larch, 224 Insecticides, 386 American, 224 Insects and Pests, 369 European, 225 Iron Wood, 248 Golden, 273 Ivy, 154 Japanese, 225 Boston, 154 Larkspur, 189 English, 206 Chinese, 189 Japanese, 154 Chinese White, 189 Kenil worth, 231 Laurel, 223 Mountain, g^f 223 J Lavender, 225 Jacob's Ladder, 266 Hardy, 235 Juneberry, 153 Hardy White, 235 Spike-flowering, 153 Cotton, 313 Joint Weed, 267 Lawns and how to Make Them, 365 Joe-Pye-Weed, 198 Lead Plant, 153 Juniper, 220 Leadwort, 175 Chinese, 221 Leather Leaf, 177 Chinese Golden, 221 Leatherwood, 193 Chinese Variegated, 221 Lebanon Candyt uft, 150 Common, 220 Lemon Lily, 209 Irish, 221 Leopard's Bane, 193 Japanese, 221 Leopard Moth, The, 370 Savin, 221 Lilac, 329 Swedish, 221 Chinese, r^ 329 f^JtJLAU*^ f U-^ Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 401 Lilac, Chionanthus-leaved, 329 Common Purple,^ 330 Common White,^7 (ill. 5f) 330 Japanese, Persian, Lily, African, Bateman's, Brown's, Canadian, Coral, Golden-banded Gray's, Hanson's, Henry's, Madonna, Martagon, Melpomene, Philadelphia, Siberian, Spotted, Thunbergian, Tiger, Tiger, Double, Trumpet, Turk's Cap, Wallace's, Wood, Lily of the Valley, Shrub. Linden, American, Pyramidal, Silver-leaved, Weeping, Live Forever, Liver Leaf, Locust, Black, Golden, Thorn less, Loose Strife, Japanese Purple, Lungwort, Lymc-grass, Blue, 329 329 If 7 (111.^) 150 150 230 229 229 231 229 230 230 230 229 230 231 230 231 230 230 231 231 230 231 230 231 182 262 329 339 339 339 339 317 210 285 285 285 285 238 238 238 241, 275 194 194 M Madwort, Austrian, Magnolia, / X / Maidenhair Tree, Mandrake, Maple, Ash-leaved, Colchicum, Cork-barked, Geneva, Japanese, Mountain, Norway, Red, Rock, Scarlet, Schwedler's, Striped Barked, Sugar, Silver, Swamp, Sycamore, Tartarian, White, Wier's. Marjoram, Wild, Marguerite, Marsh Rosemary, Matrimony Vine, May, English, Apple, Mayflower. Meadow Beauty. Rue, Tall, Mezcreum, Michaelmas Daisies, Mock Orange, Double, Monkshood. Fisher's, Wild. Variegated. 153 153 (III. in) 204 266 143-147 144 144 143 144 143-145 146 144 146 146 146 144 144 146 146 146 145 147 146 146 247 247 178 326 237 186 186 266 195 279 335 335 188 161 253 254 147. 148 147 147 148 402 A Practical Hand Book Moon-flower, 218 Oak, Swamp, 276 Moon-seed, 241 Willow-leaved, 277 Montbretia, 341 Oak Galls, 382 Moorwort, 155 Old Woman, 159 Mosquito Plant, 352 Oleaster, 194 Moss Pink, 258 Japanese, 194 White, 258 Onion, 151 Mountain Ash, 320 Flowering, 151 American, 320 Orchis, 206 European, 320 Yellow Fringed, 206 Golden, 321 Osage Orange, 340 Oak-leaved, 321 Osier, 183 Weeping, 321 Red, 183, 184 Mountain Fleece, 326 Variegated, 184 Mountain's Cranberry, 347 Oswego Tea, 242 Mountain Holly, 245 Outdoor Culture of Roses, 361 Laurel, (ill. 23,73) 223 Ox-eye, 168, 209 Tobacco, 159 Oyster-shell Scale, The, 385 Mulberry, 242 Red, 243 P Tea's Weeping, 243 Paeony, 249 White, 243 Cut-leaved, 249 Munstead White, 157 Common, 249 Musk-mallow, 240 Tree, 249 White, 240 Pagoda Tree, 319 Myrtle, 352 Pampas Grass, (ill. 75) 241 White, 352 Japanese, 241 Variegated, 352 Ornamental, 241 Variegated, 241 N Paris Green, 386 Narcissus, 244 Parsley, 211 Giant, 211 Nettle- tree. New Jersey Tea, Nine Bark, 174 173 258 Partridge Berry, Pasque Flower, Pea, 242 156 225 0 Pink Perennial, 225 White Perennial, 225 Oak, 276 Peach, 272 Chestnut, 277 Double Rose Colored, 272 English, 278 Double White, 272 English Golden, 278 Double Purple Leaved, 272 English Weeping, 278 Pearl-bush, 198 Mossy-cupped, 277 Pea Tree, 171 Pin, 277 Peppermint, 241 Pyramidal, 278 Pepperidge, 245 Red, 278 Periwinkle, 352 Scarlet. 277 Pig Nut, 212 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. "^^yyyM-JL^ Ai.^^^^^^ iyvy,^^ 403 Austrian, Bull, Japanese, Japanese Black, Lofty Bhotan, Pitch, Red, Scotch, Sun-ray, Swiss Mountain, Swiss Stone, White, White Dwarf, Phlox, Canadian, Caroline, Hairy-leaved, Perennial, Smooth-leaved, Pink, Carthusian, Double Garden, Grass, Scotch, Pink-root, Pitcher Plant, Plants for Bog Gardens, For Special Purposes, Plane-tree, Oriental, Planting Plans, Plantain Lily, Fortune's, Lance-leaved, Ovate-leaved, Siebold's, Rattlesnake, Variegated, Plum, Beach, Flowering, Purple-leaved, Plume Poppy, Poker Plant, Polyanthus, Polypody, 263 264 263 263 263 265 264 265 263 (111. 115) 264 263 / - 265 265 255 257 255 255 255 255 190 191 191 191 191 321 313 390 389 265 266 130-141 201 201 202 202 202 205 202 271 272 273 271 168 223 271 268 Poplar, S"/ (111. ^] 1 268 Balsam, 269 Bolle's, 268 Carolina, 269 Cottonwood, 269 Golden-leaved, 269 Lombardy, (111. 49) 269 Weeping, 269 White, 269 Poppy, 250 Iceland, 250 Iceland White, 250 Oriental, 250 Parkman's, 250 Poppy Mallow, 169 Prairie Dock, 319 Preface, 9 Prickly Pear, 247 Primrose, 246 Common, 271 Missouri, 246 Siebold's, 271 Privet, 227 Amoor River, 227 California, 228 Common, 228 Japanese, 228 Japanese Upright, 227 Pruning, 359 Q Queen of the Meadows, 344 Quince, 187 Japan, 187 R Ragged Robin, 237 Raspberry, 307 Flowering, 307 Red Spider, The, 384 Reed-grass, 160 Rest Harrow, 247 Round -leaved. 247 Rhododendrons^^ / / Rhodora. \a^ Canadian, V y ^ (lU. lot) 103 6- 163 163 aU* 111 404 A Practical Hand Book Rhubarb, Ornamental, Roadside Vine Effects, Rock Cress, Rock Garden, "f Rose Acacia, Chafer, The, Culture, Rose-leaf Hopper, Rose Mallow, Rose Plant Louse, or Aphis, Roses, Alpine, Austrian, Baby Rambler, Bourbon, Climbing, Hybrid Perpetual, Hybrid Tea, Japanese, Memorial, Persian, Polyantha, Prairie, Red-leaved, Scotch, Sweet Briar, Swamp, Rosinweed, Rue, Rupture-wort, Rusty Woodsia, 8 Sacaline, Sage, Jerusalem, Meadow, Silver-leaved, White Meadow, Sand Cherry, Sand Myrtle, Sandwort, San Jose Scale, Sassafras, Savin, Prostrate, 279 279 117 158, 163 (111. 413) 284 383 361 382 211 383 285 286 295 294 303 291 295 303 286 286 295 303 290 291 291 290 285 319 309 211 355 268 255 255 311 311 311 273 226 158 371 313 221 221 Savin, Tamarisk-leaved, 221 Scotch Broom, * 188 Sea Holly, 196 Sea Lavender, 326 Sea-pink, . *>% 159 Shadbush, ^iJ^cu^J^t^ OjCl^^*^' 153 Common, 153 Dwarf, 153 Shearing, 359 Sheepberry, 350 Shepherd's Flower, 220 Shooting Star, 193 Shrubs for Special Purposes, ] ^ / 389 With Ornamental Fruit, \ ^ ' 392 Silk Vine, Silverbell, Solomon's Seal, Smoketree, Snakeroot, White, Sneezewort, Dwarf, Snowball, Common, Japanese, * ^ \ Summer, Snowberry, Snowdrop, Soap- wort, Sorrel Tree, Sour Gum, Southernwood, Roman, Small, Spearmint, Speedwell, Bastard, Common, Creeping, Culver's, Gentian-leaved, Hoary, Long-leaved, Rock, Spiked, Spice-bush, Spiderwort, 253 206 267 282 198 198 205 205 351 351 (inr4^)352 214 328 203 313 248 245 159 159 159 241 347 348 348 348 348 347 348 348 348 348 165 340 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 405 Spiderwort, White, 340 Sumach, Shining. 282 Spike Grass, 346 Smooth, 283 Spindle Tree, ' * (111. W) 197 Staghorn, 283 Spring Adonis, 149 Osbeck's, 283 Crocus, 187 Summer Hyacinth, 203 Spruce, 259 Sun Drops, 246 Alcock's, 259 Flower. 208 Black, 261 Double, 208 Colorado Blue, 262 Hairy-leaved, 208 Cushion, 260 Sun-rose, 207 Douglas', 273 Double, 205 Engleman's, (111. 15) 260 Swamp Bay, 239 Eastern, 261 Swamp Honeysuckle, 163 Finedon, 260 White, 163 f Glory of the Spruces, 259 Swamp-pink, 163 Inverted, 261 Sweet Flag, 148 Roster's Blue, 262 Variegated, 148 Norway, 260 Sweet Gum, 232 Norway Golden, 260 Peppcrbush, C- 1 (111. 55) 181 Pyramidal, 261 Rocket, 211 Tiger Tail, 262 Williams, .■ vX.-*» ^ >i!^' '^^190 White, 259 Woodruff. 160 Gall Louse, 384 Sycamore, 26S Spurge, 198 Syringa, 253 Flowering, 198 Golden, 253 Squill, 315 Gordon's, 254 Stagger Bush, 263 Lemoine's, 254 Star-wort, 326 St. Bruno's Lily, 251 T St. John's Wort, 215 Shrubby, 215 Table of Contents, 7 Stonecrop, 315 Tamarisk, 333 Aizoon, 315 African, 333 Ewer's, 316 Common, 333 Middendorf's, 316 Tansy, 333 Orange, 316 Thorn, 185 Purple-leaved, 316 Cockspur, 186 Showy, 316 Double White, 186 Siebold's, 317 Evergreen, 275 Trailing, 317 Lavallc's, 185 White. 315 Paul's Scarlet, 186 Yellow. 315 Scarlet. 186 Strawberry-bush, 197 Washington, 186 Sugar Maple Borer, 380 Thoroughwort, 198 Sumach, 282 Thrift, 159 Cut-leaved, 283 Tick-seed, ^ " (111. 5^ 182 Fragrant, 282 Tick Trefoil, 226 406 A Practical Hand Book Thyme, 338 Water Lily, 245 Common, 338 Cape Cod, 245 Creeping, 338 Water Margin Planting, 7 «'^(lll.^ Golden-leaved, 338 Wayfaring Tree, 350 Gray-leaved, 338 Weigelia, 192 Trailing Arbutus, 195 Variegated, 192 Tree of Heaven, 150 White, 192 Trees for Special Purposes, 389 When to Plant, 357 With Distinct Colored Leaves White Cup, 245 Other Than Green, 393 White Marked Tussock Moth, With Ornamental Fruit, 392 White Rod, 'urO-t t^ 378 Tritoma, 223 3^ 349 Trumpet Vine, 334 Wild Senna, ^ ^ 172 Chinese, 335 Marjoram, 247 Tulip, (111.-^ ) 343 Pink, 318 Tulip Tree, 232 Willow, 309 Tupelo, 245 Babylonian, 35* (}t ?&) 309 Turtlehead, 177 Golden-barked, 311 Tussock Moth, 378 Golden Weeping, Glass, 309 310 V Kilmarnock, 310 Valerian, 174 Laurel-leaved, 310 Greek, 267 New American, 310 Red, 174 Red-barked, ' 311 Varnish Tree, 224 Rosemary, 310 Vetch, 225 Silky, 311 Bitter, 225 Thurlow's, 309 Vines and Climbers, 392 Wisconsin, n 309 ^309 219 Virgin's Bower, Virginia Creeper, Violet, 181 154 353 White, J j^XSa^ Virginian, Bird*s Foot, 353 Witch Hazel, 206 Common Blue, 353 Common, 206 Horned, 353 Japanese, 206 Russian, 353 Windflower, 155, 156 White, 353 Japanese, 155 Vites, 154 Pennsylvania, 156 Cut-leaved, 154 Winter Protection, 357 Variegated, 154 Woodbine, Clinging, 154 154 W Wood Lily, 340 Wake Robin, 340 Wormwood, 159 Walnut, 220 Roman, 159 Black, 220 True, 159 English, 220 Wound-wort, 325 Water-leaf, 215 Whoolly, 325 Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants. 407 Yarrow, Double White, Double Yellow, Yellowroot, 147 147 147 356 Yew, American, English, Golden. Irish, 333 334 334 334 334 University of British Columbia Library DUE DATE 1 i 1 ET-6 BP 74-483 \V ""'AN FEB 81979 'm^m^'mr^ammitrm^-' macMILLAN LIBRARY / e: I 3 3 3 ' i a ' ' If ^'■1 ' 3 "" ' 3 1 - ' ' ^ — s THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA LIBRARY