IX

BRAVER BOOK REVISION

ITHE IRREDUCIBLE MINIMUM OF

THE HICKLETON CONFERENCE
SHOWING THE PROPOSED RE
ARRANGEMENT OF THE ORDER
FOR HOLY COMMUNION TO
GETHER WITH FURTHER SUG
GESTIONS EDITED WITH AN
INTRODUCTION NOTES AND AN
APPENDIX CONTAINING THE
CANONS OR ANAPHORA OF
OTHER RITES

BY ATHELSTAN RILEY, M.A.

A, R, MOWBRAY & CO. LTD,

Low DON : 28 Margaret Street, Oxford Circus, W.

OXFORD ; 9 High Street

191 1
\All rights reserved]

The Leonard Library

College

Toronto

Shelf No.

. E>X

J

Register No. .. 3#3.&2

IX

PRAYER BOOK REVISION

THE IRREDUCIBLE MINIMUM OF
THE HICKLETON CONFERENCE
SHOWING THE PROPOSED RE
ARRANGEMENT OF THE ORDER
FOR HOLY COMMUNION TO
GETHER WITH FURTHER SUG
GESTIONS EDITED WITH AN
INTRODUCTION NOTES AND AN
APPENDIX CONTAINING THE
CANONS OR ANAPHORA OF
OTHER RITES

BY ATHELSTAN RILEY, M.A.

Seigneur de la Trinite

Member of the Canterbury House of Laymen, and
Chairman of the Alcum Club

A. R. MOWBRAY & CO. LTD.

LONDON : 28 Margaret Street, Oxford Circus, W.

OXFORD : 9 High Street

1911
\All rights reserved']

LIST OF CONTENTS

PAGE

INTRODUCTION i

THE DECLARATION, ADOPTED AT A CONFERENCE AT HICKLETON, 1911 8

THE PROPOSED REARRANGEMENT OF THE ORDER FOR HOLY

COMMUNION 1 1

THE COLLECT, EPISTLE, AND GOSPEL FOR THOSE WHO ARE FALLEN
ASLEEP IN CHRIST, FROM THE FIRST PRAYER BOOK OF
EDWARD VI ... 33

THE FORM FOR UNCTION OF THE SICK, FROM THE FIRST PRAYER

BOOK OF EDWARD VI 35

APPENDIX

THE CANON, OR ANAPHORA, OF THE LITURGY OF ST. CHRYSOSTOM 38
THE CANON OF THE ROMAN MISSAL - 38

THE CANON OF THE MASS IN THE FIRST PRAYER BOOK OF

EDWARD VI ... 39

THE CANON OF THE LITURGY OF THE AMERICAN CHURCH 39

PRAYER BOOK REVISION

INTRODUCTION

T)RAYER Book Revision may be regarded from two
-L very definite points of view, that of the ecclesiastical
statesman, and that of the liturgical student. With the
former, as members of the Alcuin Club, we have nothing
to do ; those of us who have any influence in the councils
of the Church of England have probably weighed the balance
for and against Revision ; have come to definite conclusions
as to whether the time is propitious for such a venture, and
have publicly expressed ourselves thereon. These matters
are quite foreign to our present purpose ; the service the
Alcuin Club can render is of a different nature. When any
serious liturgical propositions are put before Churchmen
we can offer the contribution of their scientific and dispassion
ate examination ; and that this is the first contribution of the
kind is due to the fact that no such propositions have up to
the present time been put forward by any considerable body
of Churchmen, official or non-official. The labours of the
Convocations, especially those of the Lower House of
Canterbury are not forgotten, but they are of a kind which
challenge the examination of the ecclesiastical politician or the
theologian, not of the liturgical student, and, indeed, their
title to a liturgical revision has been disclaimed by some of
their promoters. It seems not improbable that the whole

of the Report of the Committee of the Lower House of
Canterbury on Prayer Book Revision will be eventually
withdrawn, and that some other set of proposals, elaborated
under the guidance of a committee of liturgical experts, as
foreshadowed by the Upper House, substituted for them.

The proposals set forth in the present Declaration are of
a very definite liturgical character. That they have also a
political side is true of them as of all such proposals, but this,
as has been already said, does not concern our present
examination. They centre round the Eucharistic Office and
thus go straight to the weakest part of our present Book of
Common Prayer, weakest because it was the theological
battle-ground of contending parties in the sixteenth century,
which necessitated compromises and accommodations if the
Church of England was to be kept together. The day has
gone for ever when the present Office for Holy Com
munion can be regarded with satisfaction, or defended
except on the grounds of past and present expediency ;
the humblest liturgical student knows too much for this.
And it is to be noted that scholars have always felt its
inadequacy. Bishop Overall, one of the chief revisers
of the Prayer Book in 1603, was so little content with
the Office as it stood that when he celebrated he was
accustomed to transpose the order of the prayers so as to
obtain a better Canon, very much as is suggested in the
present Declaration ; and at a later date 5 after the Trac-
tarian Movement had turned men's attention to liturgical
sources, ecclesiastics of authority and influence so widely
apart as Archbishop Benson and Dr. Liddon, set the example,
now carried by many of the clergy to such prodigious lengths,
of farcing the Prayer Book Office with private prayers taken
from the older missal. The dangers inherent in such a
practice can hardly be exaggerated ; in particular, it breeds
a dissatisfaction with the authorized rites of the Church which

easily passes into dissatisfaction with the Church itself, 1 but
they are the outcome of a newly-acquired liturgical know
ledge which is widespread amongst the English priesthood,
though not very profound. Whether the time is propitious
for such a revision as will bring the Eucharistic Office of the
English Church into closer conformity with the ancient
practice of the Christian Church, still exhibited in every
other rite at the present day, it is not the purpose of this
Introduction to enquire. Such a revision might follow two
courses. It might be uncompromisingly thorough, prompted
by a general desire to obtain the very best possible liturgy,
and, indeed, with the enormous advance in liturgical know
ledge, both in England and on the Continent, during the
past thirty years, it would not be difficult for a band of
liturgical scholars to compile a liturgy which should be the
best in Christendom. But if ever such a revision is attempted
it is to be hoped that the claims of history and tradition may
be carefully respected ; to cut a Church off from her past is
to condemn her to sterility and decay. In this case it would
seem the wisest course to go behind 1 549, taking the Western
Liturgy as used by the English Church from the time of the
Apostle of the English, and reforming it afresh in the light
of our present knowledge, handling it reverently and adapt
ing it soberly to our present needs. That its Canon needs
revision from the purely liturgical standpoint will be hardly
disputed by competent critics even amongst Roman Catholics
themselves. The Roman Church may well shrink from
touching her venerable rite, the disadvantages of such a

1 This much, however, must be said, in fairness, on the other side. The
long history of liturgical development shows that innovations in the received
order have been constantly made by private initiative without authority, or
even in opposition to authority, and have subsequently won their way into
official recognition, and also that a rigid uniformity, whether imposed by a
Sacred Congregation of Rites or enforced by an Act of Parliament, may be
purchased too dearly. But our present danger in the Church of England is
all the other way.

3

course when calmly calculated might quite easily outweigh the
advantages. But we are in a different position ; we have
passed the peril of the religious revolution of the sixteenth
century, though scarred and marred by that tremendous
conflict ; the old liturgy has been disused for over three
centuries and a half, and what may be wisdom in the Roman
Church would be folly in our own. In one particular, alas !
we cannot hope to improve upon the work of the reformers
of the sixteenth century ; all attempts at the present day to
translate liturgical forms from the Latin, or to compose new
ones, are productive of results which will not bear comparison
with those masterpieces, the English Prayer Book, and the
English Bible, and we may well believe that in any future
revision of our service-books, the language of Cranmer and
of Coverdale l will be preserved.

Next to a complete and thorough liturgical revision comes
the proposal to substitute, or provide as an alternative, one
or other of the English rites confessedly superior to that of
the present English Prayer Book ; such as the Scottish Office,
the American Office or that of the First Prayer Book of
Edward VI. The latter, as an alternative, was seriously
discussed by the Lower House of the Southern Convocation
last summer (1911), and was rejected chiefly on the ground
that alternative uses would add to the confusion in the
services of the Church. And, indeed, it seems better that
whatever is done should be done once for all and thoroughly,
rather than by halves, and at the general demand of the
entire body of Churchmen, not for the mere accommoda
tion of a party.

1 It is not generally known that a translation of the Latin Canon is to
be found in the early editions of Foxe's 'BooJ^ of Martyrs. There seems no
reason to doubt the authorship assigned to the translation ; Foxe could have
had no motive for a false statement. He says : " I have here set foorth the
chefest part thereof (which is the Canon) in English, so as I found it in a cer
tain written copy, by maister Couerdale translated," p. 891, Edition of I 563.

The proposals contained in the Declaration now under
consideration are far less drastic. No alteration is suggested
in the familiar text of the Communion Office in the Prayer
Book ; that text is simply re-arranged to bring the whole
into something like liturgical order and out of the chaos
created by the ignorant fanatics of 1552.* It follows very
closely the suggestions made by Dr. Frere in his recent work
Some Principles of Liturgical Reform (Murray, 1911), and if
any revision of the Prayer Book is attempted all liturgical
scholars will agree that less than this re-arrangement could
not well be considered.

What is the liturgical order of which we speak ? The
arrangement of the primitive Canon is a matter of elementary
knowledge. Briefly it consisted of the following parts :

1. The Salutation and Sursum Corda.

2. The Preface and Sanctus.

3. The Prayer containing the Recitation of the Institution
of the Eucharist.

4. The Prayer of Oblation with the Epic/esis, or invocation
of the Holy Spirit upon the Bread and Wine.

5. The Fraction and Lord's Prayer, or these inversely.

6. The Communion of the Priest and of the Faithful.

If we look at the Roman Canon we find this ancient
structure fairly well preserved : (3) is Qui pridie, (4) is
Unde et memores ; and the Epiclesis is represented, more or
less, by the Supplices te rogamus, though the Western
development of focussing the whole service round the
Words of Institution has really deprived this prayer of
any intelligible meaning. The Eastern liturgies also
preserve it, and with greater fidelity. In both East and

1 This language may be thought harsh. But what can be said of those
foreign reformers who, in their eagerness to destroy the old structure of the
Mas: through hatred of JRome, fastened on the English Church, with the
connivance of Cranmer, a form of consecration in complete harmony with
the teaching of extreme Latinism ?

West, at an early date, the Intercessions, with the Diptychs
of the Living and the Departed, were brought from the
pre-anaphoral portion of the liturgy, and inserted in one or
more places within the Canon itself. In the Roman rite
these are represented by the Te igitur and the Memento. 1

The body of this Tract consists of the Office for Holy
Communion printed exactly as it would appear in our
Prayer Book if the alterations suggested by the Declaration
were made.

In the Appendix four rites are printed side by side so as
to admit of comparison. The Anaphora of the Liturgy of
S. Chrysostom, used at the present day by over a hundred
millions of Christians, follows closely the ancient Canon of
the primitive liturgies, though in Eastern dress. The
Roman Canon shows the Western development of the
primitive order, i.e. that brought to our English forefathers
with the gospel by S. Augustine. The Canon of the First
Prayer Book maintains the general structure of the Roman
Canon, and puts its language, slightly modified and
curtailed, into the incomparable English with which we are
familiar. The American Canon exhibits a compromise
between the rite of the First Prayer Book (with a more
definite Epiclesis) and our own. The American rite has
been taken in preference to the Scottish because the former
is the recognized Office of the Anglican Church in the United
States of America, whilst the latter, though the proto-type,
has hardly won for itself the position of a national rite, being
by no means universally used by the Anglican Church north
of the Tweed. The Rev. F. E. Brightman has kindly
revised this Appendix.

With regard to the remaining points emphasized by the

1 In our Prayer Book Office these may be said to be represented by the
Prayer for the Church Militant. Though this finds a place within the
Canon in both the First Prayer Book of Edward VI and the present Scottish
Office it will be noted that the Declaration proposes to leave it where it is.

6

Declaration, it has been thought well to give the Collect,
Epistle and Gospel for the Departed from the First Prayer
Book, and also the form for Anointing the Sick, greatly
simplified from the old Sarum form, but containing what is
essential, from the same source. 1

The Declaration aims at giving formal and explicit
sanction within the Prayer Book for such Reservation
for the Sick and Dying, and also Unction of the Sick,
as now obtain in certain dioceses under episcopal regula
tions, and which are the subject of a wide-spread revival
within the Church of England.

The question of the Athanasian Creed is almost wholly
one of theology, and does not directly concern liturgical
students. Until 1 549 the only Creeds sung publicly in the
Church of England were the Nicene Creed at Mass and the
Athanasian Creed daily at Prime. In the First Prayer Book
the present use began of reciting the Apostles' Creed publicly
as well, and at the same time it was ordered that the
Athanasian Creed should be used as an alternative on the six
chief festivals. To these, in 1552, the seven Saint's days
were added. It may, perhaps, be noted that the language of
the Declaration is slightly ambiguous ; and it would appear
that the Declarants are not prepared to insist on the
maintenance of the rubric exactly in its present form so
long as the Symbol finds a place in public worship "on
certain holy days." A. R.

1 Nothing is said in the Declaration about the benediction of the oil.
This has varied greatly, and still varies, in different parts of Christendom.
It may be maintained that the hallowing of the oil is no more essential to
the grace or efficacy of Unction than the hallowing of the water is to
that of Baptism. On the other hand, as the present Prayer Book admits
a form for the sanctification of the creature of water, a revised Prayer Book
might admit one for the sanctification of the creature of oil. Furthermore,
when the Church of England uses oil in her ministrations, as in the
Sacring of the King, it is actually hallowed and consecrated, either
beforehand or in the service.

THE DECLARATION,

ADOPTED AT A
CONFERENCE AT HICKLETON, 1911.

A DETERMINED effort is now being made to force
-* upon the Church of England a revision of the Book
of Common Prayer, in spite of the probable future effects of
such revision on the peace of the Church, and the actual
anxiety which has already been caused. In view of this
effort certain things need to be distinctly stated.

Hitherto all parties within the Church of England have
conscientiously professed to interpret the Prayer Book, as
it is, to the best of their ability, though it is admitted by
many that in the upheaval of the sixteenth century much was
lost which it would have been well to retain, many changes
introduced which have not fulfilled their purpose, and many
mistakes made which later experience has shown to need
correction.

Any revision, whatever character that revision may take,
must involve a disturbance of the " Reformation Settle
ment," and must also modify those obligations of the clergy
which arise from their subscription to the present Book.
And in view of the general circumstances of the present
situation, of such action as that of the Bishop of Hereford,
and of such utterances as those of many of the Bishops in
the Northern Convocation, a revision seems likely to drive
many of the clergy and laity into independent action in
defence of the Catholic doctrines and practices which it is

the duty of the Church of England to maintain. There is
reason to believe that such action is already being seriously
contemplated.

Mindful of such contingencies, and of the grave
anxieties which have been aroused, a number of leading
and influential clergymen and laymen met in the course
of the summer at Hickleton, by the invitation of Lord
Halifax, when the circumstances of the present time were
fully discussed for three days, with the result that those
who were present, and others who have since been
consulted, pledged themselves to the following line
of conduct :

To resist, and refuse to employ, any revised form of the
Book of Common Prayer which

1. Relaxes the present directions of the Ornaments
Rubric.

2. Alters the substance of the Athanasian Creed, or
removes the duty of reciting it on certain holy days.

3. Sanctions the giving of Holy Communion to persons
who are neither confirmed nor desirous to be confirmed.

4. Fails to restore a better and more primitive " Order
of the Administration of the Lord's Supper," the irreducible
minimum of improvement being :

(a) the linking together of

1. Preface and Sancfus.

2. The present Prayer of Consecration.

3. The present Prayer of Oblation.

4. The Lord's Prayer.

and (b] the placing of the Exhortation, Confession,
Absolution, and Comfortable Words in their proper
place after the Communion of the Priest.

5. Sanctions the postponement of Holy Baptism beyond
the limits of time appointed in the present Book of Common
Prayer.

6. Fails to provide a form for the Scriptural and Catholic
practice of anointing the sick.

7. Fails to recognize or in any way interferes with the
continuous reservation of the Sacrament of Christ's Body
and Blood, the object of this reservation being to ensure,
so far as is possible, that the sick and dying shall not be
deprived of Holy Communion.

8. Fails to sanction direct prayers for those " who are
fallen asleep in Christ," together with a Collect, Epistle,
and Gospel for the celebration of the Lord's Supper on
their behalf.

They held that such opposition would be justified by
the fact that the presence of all or any of these defects
would imply on the part of the revisers a want of fidelity
to the universally received doctrine or practice of the
Catholic Church.

10

THE ORDER OF THE

ADMINISTRATION OF THE LORD'S SUPPER

OR

HOLY COMMUNION

The Ornaments Rubric. 1

"And here is to be noted, that such Ornaments of the
Church, and of the Ministers thereof, at all Times of their
Ministration, shall be retained, and be in use, as were in
this Church of England, by the Authority of Parliament, in
the Second Year of the Reign of King Edward the Sixth."

fl The Priest standing at the north side of the Table shall say the
Lord's Prayer, with the Collect following, the people kneeling.

OUR Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy Name.
Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, in earth as it
is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And
forgive us our trespasses, As we forgive them that trespass
against us. And lead us not into temptation ; But deliver
us from evil. Amen.

1 It seems convenient to print this rubric here. It is now found, of
course, before the Order for Morning and Evening Prayer,

II

THE COLLECT

ALMIGHTY God, unto whom all hearts be open, all
*** desires known, and from whom no secrets are hid ;
Cleanse the thoughts of our hearts by the inspiration of thy
Holy Spirit, that we may perfectly love thee, and worthily
magnify thy holy Name ; through Christ our Lord. Amen.

f Then shall the Triest, turning to the people, rehearse distinctly
all the TEN COMMANDMENTS; and the people still
kneeling shall, after every Commandment, ask God mercy for
their transgression thereof for the time past, and grace to keep
the same for the time to come, as follow eth.

Minister.

GOD spake these words, and said ; I am the Lord thy
God : Thou shalt have none other gods but me.

People. Lord, have mercy upon us, and incline our hearts
to keep this law.

Minister. Thou shalt not make to thyself any graven
image, nor the likeness of any thing that is in heaven above,
or in the earth beneath, or in the water under the earth.
Thou shalt not bow down to them, nor worship them : for
I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, and visit the sins of
the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth
generation of them that hate me, and shew mercy unto
thousands in them that love me, and keep my command
ments.

People. Lord, have mercy upon us, and incline our hearts
to keep this law.

Minister. Thou shalt not take the Name of the Lord
thy God in vain : for the Lord will not hold him guiltless,
that taketh his Name in vain.

People. Lord, have mercy upon us, and incline our hearts
to keep this law.

12

Minister. Remember that thou keep holy the Sabbath-
day. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all that thou hast
to do ; but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy
God. In it thou shalt do no manner of work, thou, and
thy son, and thy daughter, thy man-servant, and thy maid
servant, thy cattle, and the stranger that is within thy gates.
For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea,
and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day : where
fore the Lord blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it.

People. Lord, have mercy upon us, and incline our hearts
to keep this law.

Minister. Honour thy father and thy mother ; that thy
days may be long in the land which the Lord thy God giveth
thee.

People. Lord, have mercy upon us, and incline our hearts
to keep this law.

Minister. Thou shalt do no murder.

People. Lord, have mercy upon us, and incline our hearts
to keep this law.

Minister. Thou shalt not commit adultery.

People. Lord, have mercy upon us, and incline our hearts
to keep this law.

Minister. Thou shalt not steal.

People. Lord, have mercy upon us, and incline our hearts
to keep this law.

Minister. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy
neighbour.

People. Lord, have mercy upon us, and incline our hearts
to keep this law.

Minister. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house,
thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his servant,
nor his maid, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is his.

People. Lord, have mercy upon us, and write all these
thy laws in our hearts, we beseech thee.

'3

f Then shall follow one of these two Collects for the King, the
Priest standing as before, and saying,

Let us pray.

A LMIGHTY God, whose kingdom is everlasting, and
^f* power infinite ; Have mercy upon the whole Church ;
and so rule the heart of thy chosen Servant GEORGE, our
King and Governor, that he (knowing whose minister he
is) may above all things seek thy honour and glory :
and that we, and all his subjects (duly considering whose
authority he hath) may faithfully serve, honour, and humbly
obey him, in thee, and for thee, according to thy blessed
Word and ordinance ; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who
with thee and the Holy Ghost liveth and reigneth, ever one
God, world without end. Amen.

Or,

A LMIGHTY and everlasting God, we are taught by thy
-Clf holy Word, that the hearts of Kings are in thy rule
and governance, and that thou dost dispose and turn them
as it seemeth best to thy godly wisdom ; We humbly
beseech thee so to dispose and govern the heart of GEORGE
thy Servant, our King and Governor, that, in all his thoughts,
words, and works, he may ever seek thy honour and glory,
and study to preserve thy people committed to his charge,
in wealth, peace, and godliness : Grant this, O merciful
Father, for thy dear Son's sake, Jesus Christ our Lord.
Amen.

f Then shall be said the Collect of the Day. And immediately
after the Collect the Priest shall read the Epistle, saying, The
Epistle [or, The portion of Scripture appointed for the

Epistle] is written in the Chapter of beginning at

the Verse. And the Epistle ended, he shall say, Here
endeth the Epistle. Then shall he read the Gospel (the

H

people all standing up] saying. The holy Gospel is written

in the Chapter of beginning at the Verse. And

the Gospel ended \ shall be sung or said the Creed following,
the people still standing, as before.

I BELIEVE in one God the Father Almighty, Maker
of heaven and earth, And of all things visible and
invisible :

And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten
Son of God, Begotten of his Father before all worlds,
God of God, Light of Light, Very God of very God,
Begotten, not made, Being of one substance with the
Father, By whom all things were made : Who for us
men, and for our salvation came down from heaven, And
was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary,
And was made man, And was crucified also for us under
Pontius Pilate. He suffered and was buried, And the third
day he rose again according to the Scriptures, And ascended
into heaven, And sitteth on the right hand of the Father.
And he shall come again with glory to judge both the
quick and the dead : Whose kingdom shall have no end.

And I believe in the Holy Ghost, The Lord and giver
of life, Who proceedeth from the Father and the Son,
Who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped
and glorified, Who spake by the Prophets. And I believe
one Catholick and Apostolick Church. I acknowledge one
Baptism for the remission of sins. And 1 look for the
Resurrection of the dead, And the life of the world to
come. Amen.

f Then the Curate shall declare unto the people what Holy-days,
or Fasting-days, are in the Week following to be observed.
And then also (if occasion be) shall notice be given of the
Communion ; and Briefs, Citations, and Excommunications
read. And nothing shall be proclaimed or published in the

15

Church) during the time of Divine Service, but by the Minister :
nor by him any thing, but what is prescribed in the Rules of
this Book, or enjoined by the King, or by the Ordinary of the
place.

^f Then shall follow the Sermon, or one of the Homilies already
set forth, or hereafter to be set forth, by authority.

U When the Minister gfyeth warning for the celebration of the holy Communion,

(which he shall always do upon the Sunday, or some Holy-day, Immediately

preceding}) after the Sermon or Homily ended, he shall read this Exhortation
following*

DEARLY beloved, on day next I purpose, through God's
assistance, to administer to all such as shall be religiously and
devoutly disposed the most comfortable Sacrament of the Body and Blood
of Christ ; to be by them received in remembrance of his meritorious
Cross and Passion ; whereby alone we obtain remission of our sins, and
are made partakers of the Kingdom of heaven. Wherefore it is our duty
to render most humble and hearty thanks to Almighty God our heavenly
Father, for that he hath given his Son our Saviour Jesus Christ, not
only to die for us, but also to be our spiritual food and sustenance in that
holy Sacrament. Which being so divine and comfortable a thing to them
who receive it worthily, and so dangerous to them that will presume to
receive it unworthily ; my duty is to exhort you in the mean season to
consider the dignity of that holy mystery, and the great peril of the unworthy
receiving thereof ; and so to search and examine your own consciences, (and
that not lightly, and after the manner of dissemblers with God ; but so) that
ye may come holy and clean to such a heavenly Feast, in the marriage-
garment required by God in holy Scripture, and be received as worthy
partakers of that holy Table.

The way and means thereto is ; First, to examine your lives and
conversations by the rule of God's commandments ; and whereinsoever ye
shall perceive yourselves to have offended, either by will, word, or deed, there
to bewail your own sinfulness, and to confess yourselves to Almighty God,

1 We may, perhaps, assume that, following the ordinary practice of the
present day, these Exhortations would be used on the Sunday preceding
the Great Festivals, and that similarly the Long Exhortation would be added
to the Short Exhortation only on those days of general Communion.

16

with full purpose of amendment of life. And if ye shall perceive your
offences to be such as are not only against God, but also against your
neighbours ; then ye shall reconcile yourselves unto them ; being ready to
make restitution and satisfaction, according to the uttermost of your powers,
for all injuries and wrongs done by you to any other ; and being likewise
ready to forgive others that have offended you, as ye would have forgiveness
of your offences at God's hand : for otherwise the receiving of the holy
Communion doth nothing else but increase your damnation. Therefore if
any of you be a blasphemer of God, an hinderer or slanderer of his Word,
an adulterer, or be in malice, or envy, or in any other grievous crime, repent
you of your sins, or else come not to that holy Table ; lest, after the taking
of that holy Sacrament, the devil enter into you, as he entered into Judas,
and fill you full of all iniquities, and bring you to destruction both of body
and soul.

And because it is requisite, that no man should come to the holy
Communion, but with a full trust in God's mercy, and with a quiet
conscience ; therefore if there be any of you, who by this means cannot
quiet his own conscience herein, but requireth further comfort or counsel,
let him come to me, or to some other discreet and learned Minister of God's
Word, and open his grief ; that by the ministry of God's holy Word he
may receive the benefit of absolution, together with ghostly counsel and
advice, to the quieting of his conscience, and avoiding of all scruple and
doubtfulness.

IF Or, in case be shall see the people negligent to come to the holy Communion,
instead of the former, he shall use this Exhortation.

DEARLY beloved brethren, on I intend, by God's grace, to
celebrate the Lord's Supper : unto which, in God's behalf, I bid you
all that are here present ; and beseech you, for the Lord Jesus Christ's sake,
that ye will not refuse to come thereto, being so lovingly called and bidden
by God himself. Ye know how grievous and unkind a thing it is, when a
man hath prepared a rich feast, decked his table with all kind of provision,
so that there lacketh nothing but the guests to sit down ; and yet they who
are called (without any cause) most un thankfully refuse to come. Which of
you in such a case would not be moved ? Who would not think a great
injury and wrong done unto him ? Wherefore, most dearly beloved in
Christ, take ye good heed, lest ye, withdrawing yourselves from this holy
Supper, provoke God's indignation against you. It is an easy matter for a
man to say, I will not communicate, because I am otherwise hindered with

17 D

worldly business. But such excuses are not so easily accepted and allowed
before God. If any man say, I am a grievous sinner, and therefore am afraid
to come : wherefore then do ye not repent and amend ? When God
calleth you, are ye not ashamed to say ye will not come ? When ye should
return to God, will ye excuse yourselves, and say ye are not ready ?
Consider earnestly with yourselves how little such feigned excuses will avail
before God. They that refused the feast in the Gospel, because they had
bought a farm, or would try their yokes of oxen, or because they were
married, were not so excused, but counted unworthy of the heavenly feast.
I, for my part, shall be ready ; and, according to mine Office, I bid you in
the Name of God, I call you in Christ's behalf, I exhort you, as ye love your
own salvation, that ye will be partakers of this holy Communion. And as
the Son of God did vouchsafe to yield up his soul by death upon the Cross
for your salvation ; so it is your duty to receive the Communion in
remembrance of the sacrifice of his death, as he himself hath commanded :
which if ye shall neglect to do, consider with yourselves how great injury ye
do unto God, and how sore punishment hangeth over your heads for the
same ; when ye wilfully abstain from the Lord's Table, and separate from
your brethren, who come to feed on the banquet of that most heavenly food.
These things if ye earnestly consider, ye will by God's grace return to a better
mind : for the obtaining whereof we shall not cease to make our humble
petitions unto Almighty God our heavenly Father.

f Then shall the Priest return to the Lord's Tableland begin the
Offertory r , saying one or more of these Sentences following, as he
thinketh most convenient in his discretion.

,T your light so shine before men, that they may see
your good works, and glorify your Father which is in

heaven.

St. Matth. v.

Lay not up for yourselves treasure upon the earth ;
where the rust and moth doth corrupt, and where thieves
break through and steal : but lay up for yourselves treasures
in heaven ; where neither rust nor moth doth corrupt, and

where thieves do not break through and steal.

St. Matth. vi.

18

Whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you, even
so do unto them ; for this is the Law and the Prophets.

St. Matth. vii.

Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter
into the Kingdom of heaven ; but he that doeth the will of

my Father which is in heaven.

Sf. Matth. vii.

Zacchaeus stood forth, and said unto the Lord, Behold,
Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor ; and if 1
have done any wrong to any man, I restore four-fold.

St. Lufa xix.

Who goeth a warfare at any time of his own cost ?
Who planteth a vineyard, and eateth not of the fruit thereof?
Or who feedeth a flock, and eateth not of the milk of the

flock ?

I Cor. ix.

If we have sown unto you spiritual things, is it a great

matter if we shall reap your worldly things ?

i Cor. ix.

Do ye not know, that they who minister about holy things
live of the sacrifice ; and they who wait at the altar are
partakers with the altar ? Even so hath the Lord also
ordained, that they who preach the Gospel should live of
the Gospel.

1 Cor. ix.

He that soweth little shall reap little ; and he that soweth
plenteously shall reap plenteously. Let every man do
according as he is disposed in his heart, not grudging, or

of necessity ; for God loveth a cheerful giver.

2 Cor. ix.

Let him that is taught in the Word minister unto him
that teacheth, in all good things. Be not deceived, God is
not mocked : for whatsoever a man soweth that shall he reap.

Gal. vi.

While we have time, let us do good unto all men ; and

specially unto them that are of the household of faith.

Gal. vi.

Godliness is great riches, if a man be content with that he
hath : for we brought nothing into the world, neither may

we carry any thing out.

i Tim. vi.

Charge them who are rich in this world, that they be
ready to give, and glad to distribute : laying up in store for
themselves a good foundation against the time to come, that
they may attain eternal life.

i Tim. vi.

God is not unrighteous, that he will forget your works,
and labour that proceedeth of love ; which love ye have
shewed for his Name's sake, who have ministered unto the
saints, and yet do minister.

Heb. vi.

To do good, and to distribute, forget not ; for with such
sacrifices God is pleased.

Heb. xiii.

Whoso hath this world's good, and seeth his brother have
need, and shutteth up his compassion from him, how
dwelleth the love of God in him ?

I St. John iii.

Give alms of thy goods, and never turn thy face from
any poor man ; and then the face of the Lord shall not be

turned away from thee.

Tobit iv.

Be merciful after thy power. If thou hast much, give
plenteously : if thou hast little, do thy diligence gladly to
give of that little : for so gatherest thou thyself a good

reward in the day of necessity.

Tobit iv.

He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord :
and look, what he layeth out, it shall be paid him again.

Prov. xix.

20

Blessed be the man that provideth for the sick and needy :

the Lord shall deliver him in the time of trouble.

Psalm xli.

f Whilst these Sentences are In reading, the Deacons, Church
wardens ', or other fit person appointed for that purpose, shall
receive the Alms for the Poor, and other demotions of 'the people ',
in a decent bason to be provided by the Parish for that purpose ;
and reverently bring it to the Priest, who shall humbly present
and place it upon the holy Table.

f And when there is a Communion, the Priest shall then place
upon the Table so much Bread and Wine, as he shall think
sufficient.

After which done, the Priest shall say.

Let us pray for the whole state of Christ's Church militant

here in earth.

ALMIGHTY and everliving God, who by thy holy
-*A. Apostle hast taught us to make prayers, and suppli
cations, and to give thanks, for all men ; We humbly

If there be beseech thee most mercifully [to accept our alms
no alms or obla- and oblations, and~\ to receive these our prayers,
fieas, then shall wn i c h we offer unto thy Divine Majesty;

beseeching thee to inspire continually the
accepting our . -it r i

alms and obla- umversa l Church With the spirit of truth,
tions] be left unity, and concord : And grant, that all they
out unsaid. that do confess thy holy Name may agree in
the truth of thy holy Word, and live in unity, and godly
love. We beseech thee also to save and defend all Christian
Kings, Princes, and Governors ; and specially thy Servant
GEORGE our King ; that under him we may be godly and
quietly governed : And grant unto his whole Council, and
to all that are put in authority under him, that they may

^\

truly and indifferently minister justice, to the punishment
of wickedness and vice, and to the maintenance of thy true
religion, and virtue. Give grace, O heavenly Father, to all
Bishops and Curates, that they may both by their life and
doctrine set forth thy true and lively Word, and rightly and
duly administer thy holy Sacraments : And to all thy people
give thy heavenly grace ; and specially to this congregation
here present ; that, with meek heart and due reverence, they
may hear, and receive thy holy Word ; truly serving thee
in holiness and righteousness all the days of their life.
And we most humbly beseech thee of thy goodness, O
Lord, to comfort and succour all them, who in this transitory
life are in trouble, sorrow, need, sickness, or any other
adversity. And we also bless thy holy Name for all thy
servants departed this life in thy faith and fear ; beseeching
thee to give us grace so to follow their good examples, that
with them we may be partakers of thy heavenly kingdom :
Grant this, O Father, for Jesus Christ's sake, our only
Mediator and Advocate. Amen.

f After which the Priest shall proceed, saying,

Lift up your hearts.

Answer. We lift them up unto the Lord.
Priest. Let us give thanks unto our Lord God.
Answer. It is meet and right so to do.

f Then shall the Priest turn to the Lord's Table, and say,

TT is very meet right, and our bounden

* duty, that we should at all times, and in L ' .

" .' ' must be omit-

all places, give thanks unto thee, ' Lord, ^^T

Holy Father, Almighty, Everlasting God. Sunday.

22

f Here shall follow the Proper Preface, according to the time, if
there be any specially appointed : or else immediately shall
follow,

'""pHEREFORE with Angels and Archangels, and with
* all the company of heaven, we laud and magnify thy
glorious Name ; evermore praising thee, and saying, Holy,
holy, holy, Lord God of hosts, heaven and earth are full of
thy glory : Glory be to thee, O Lord most High. Amen.

PROPER PREFACES.

Upon Christmas-day, and se^en days after.

BECAUSE thou didst give Jesus Christ thine only Son to be born as at
this time for us ; who, by the operation of the Holy Ghost, was made
very man of the substance of the Virgin Mary his mother ; and that without
spot of sin, to make us clean from all sin. Therefore with Angels, etc.

Upon Easter-day, and se^en days after.

BUT chiefly are we bound to praise thee for the glorious Resurrection of
thy Son Jesus Christ our Lord : for he is the very Paschal Lamb,
which was offered for us, and hath taken away the sin of the world ; who
by his death hath destroyed death, and by his rising to life again hath
restored to us everlasting life. Therefore with Angels, etc.

Upon Ascension-day, and se^en days after.

THROUGH thy most dearly beloved Son Jesus Christ our Lord ; who
after his most glorious Resurrection manifestly appeared to all his
Apostles, and in their sight ascended up into heaven to prepare a place for
us ; that where he is, thither we might also ascend, and reign with him in
glory. Therefore with Angels, etc.

Upon Whit-sunday, and six days after.

THROUGH Jesus Christ our Lord ; according to whose most true
promise, the Holy Ghost came down as at this time from heaven
with a sudden great sound, as it had been a mighty wind, in the likeness of

fiery tongues, lighting upon the Apostles, to teach them, and to lead them
to all truth ; giving them both the gift of divers languages, and also bold
ness with fervent zeal constantly to preach the Gospel unto all nations ;
whereby we have been brought out of darkness and error into the clear light
and true knowledge of thee, and of thy Son Jesus Christ. Therefore with
Angels, etc.

Upon the Feast ^Trinity only.

WHO art one God, one Lord ; not one only Person, but three
Persons in one Substance. For that which we believe of the glory
of the Father, the same we believe of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost,
without any difference or inequality. Therefore with Angels, etc.

H After each of which Prefaces shall immediately be sting or said,

THEREFORE with Angels and Archangels, and with all the company
of heaven, we laud and magnify thy glorious Name ; evermore
praising thee, and saying, Holy, holy, holy, Lord God of hosts, heaven and
earth are full of thy glory : Glory be to thee, O Lord most High. Amen.

^f When the Priest, standing before the Table, hath so ordered the
Bread and Wine, that he may with the more readiness and
decency breaJ^ the Bread before the people, and take the Cup
into his hands, he shall say the Prayer of Consecration, as
followeth.

A LMIGHTY God, our heavenly Father, who of thy
*"* tender mercy didst give thine only Son Jesus Christ
to suffer death upon the cross for our redemption ; who
made there (by his one oblation of himself once offered) a
full, perfect, and sufficient sacrifice, oblation, and satisfaction,
for the sins of the whole world ; and did institute, and in his
holy Gospel command us to continue, a perpetual memory
of that his precious death, until his coming again ; Hear us,
O merciful Father, we most humbly beseech thee ; and grant

24

that we receiving these thy creatures of bread and wine,
* Here the according to thy Son our Saviour Jesus Christ's

Pri L St L n ! holy institution, in remembrance of his death
take the Paten j

into his hands : and passion, may be partakers or his most

6 And here blessed Body and Blood : who, in the same

Bread - night that he was betrayed,* took Bread ; and,

c And here when he had given thanks, b he break it, and

to lay his hand g ave j t t o his disciples, saying, Take, eat, c this is

upon all the -n j i 1 r j ^i

2ftt0^ mv Body which is given for you : do this in

d Here he Is remembrance of me. Likewise after supper he
to take the Cup d ^ oo ]^ t he c u p . anc l w hen he had given thanks,
into his hand : . . , ' T\_S i 11 c

'Andhereto ne g ave lfc to them, saying, Drink ye all of
lay his hand up- this ; for this e is my Blood of the New Testa-

on every Vessel ment w hich is shed for you and for many
(be it Chalice r . . c . J ^ J r

or Flagon) in * or the remission of sins : Do this, as oft

which there is as ye shall drink it, in remembrance of me.
am Wine to be ,/

J Amen,

consecrated.

FTTTHEREFORE] O Lord and heavenly Father, we
L V V thy humble servants entirely desire thy fatherly
goodness mercifully to accept this our sacrifice of praise
and thanksgiving ; most humbly beseeching thee to grant,
that by the merits and death of thy Son Jesus Christ, and
through faith in his blood, we and all thy whole Church
may obtain remission of our sins, and all other benefits
of his passion. And here we offer and present unto thee,
O Lord, ourselves, our souls and bodies, to be a reasonable,
holy, and lively sacrifice unto thee ; humbly beseeching thee,
that all we, who are partakers of this holy Communion,
may be fulfilled with thy grace and heavenly benediction.
And although we be unworthy, through our manifold sins,
to offer unto thee any sacrifice, yet we beseech thee to
accept this our bounden duty and service ; not weighing
our merits, but pardoning our offences, through Jesus

25 E

Christ our Lord ; by whom, and with whom, in the unity
of the Holy Ghost, all honour and glory be unto thee, O
Father Almighty, world without end. Amen.

f Then shall the Triest say the Lord's Trayer, the people
repeating after him e^pery Petition. 1

OUR Father, which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy
Name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done,
in earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily
bread. And forgive us our trespasses, As we forgive them
that trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation ;
But deliver us from evil : For thine is the kingdom, The
power, and the glory, For ever and ever. Amen.

f Then shall the Priest^ kneeling dov>n at the Lord's Table^ say
in the name of all them that shall receive the Communion this
Prayer following. 2

1 There seems to be no reason why some form of the ancient introduction
should not be used, e.g., " As our Saviour Christ hath commanded and
taught us, we are bold to say."

2 The terms of the Declaration leave the Prayer of Humble Access,
rather awkwardly, in this place. The point is that, though said in the
name of all the communicants, it provides the priest with his authorized
preparation for communion. The other alternative (on the fundamental
assumption of the Declaration that no addition is to be made to the text
of our present Prayer Book) would be to restore exactly the order
of communion of the First Prayer Book, i.e., Exhortation, Confession,
Absolution, Comfortable Words, Prayer of Humble Access, followed
immediately by the communion of priest and people. It may be noted
that the Liturgy of St. Chrysostom provides a common form of preparation,
said twice, for clergy and laity respectively ; the Roman Liturgy places the
preparation for celebrant and people at separate times and provides different
forms j whilst in the First Prayer Book a common form is provided for
celebrant and people, to be said once, and this order has been continued in
successive revisions. There seems to be no important principle involved ;
it is really a matter of convenience. But it is a matter of importance that
when the priest is performing his " bounden duty and service " he should
have some duly authorized form of preparation, one, that is, of obligation,
and not be left simply to a private form, of devotion.

26

WE do not presume to come to this thy Table, O
merciful Lord, trusting in our own righteousness,
but in thy manifold and great mercies. We are not worthy
so much as to gather up the crumbs under thy Table. But
thou art the same Lord, whose property is always to have
mercy : Grant us therefore, gracious Lord, so to eat the
flesh of thy dear Son Jesus Christ, and to drink his blood,
that our sinful bodies may be made clean by his body, and
our souls washed through his most precious blood, and that
we may evermore dwell in him, and he in us. Amen.

f Then shall the Minister first receive the Communion in both
kinds himself.

11 */// the time of the celebration of the Communion, the Communicants being
conveniently placed for the receiving of the holy Sacrament, the Priest shall say
this Exhortation*

DEARLY beloved in the Lord, ye that mind to come to the holy
Communion of the Body and Blood of our Saviour Christ, must
consider how Saint Paul exhorteth all persons diligently to try and examine
themselves, before they presume to eat of that Bread, and drink of that Cup.
For as the benefit is great, if with a true penitent heart and lively faith we
receive that holy Sacrament ; (for then we spiritually eat the flesh of Christ,
and drink his blood ; then we dwell in Christ, and Christ in us ; we are
one with Christ, and Christ with us ;) so is the danger great, if we receive
the same unworthily. For then we are guilty of the Body and Blood of
Christ our Saviour ; we eat and drink our own damnation, not considering
the Lord's Body ; we kindle God's wrath against us ; we provoke him to
plague us with divers diseases, and sundry kinds of death. Judge therefore
yourselves, brethren, that ye be not judged of the Lord ; repent you truly
for your sins past ; have a lively and stedfast faith in Christ our Saviour ;
amend your lives, and be in perfect charity with all men ; so shall ye be meet
partakers of those holy mysteries. And above all things ye must give most
humble and hearty thanks to God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost
for the redemption of the world by the death and passion of our Saviour
Christ, both God and man ; who did humble himself, even to the death

1 See note on page 16.

27

upon the Cross, for us, miserable sinners, who lay in darkness and the shadow
of death ; that he might make us the children of God, and exalt us to ever
lasting life. And to the end that we should alway remember the exceeding
great love of our Master, and only Saviour, Jesus Christ, thus dying for us,
and the innumerable benefits which by his precious blood-shedding he hath
obtained to us ; he hath instituted and ordained holy mysteries, as pledges
of his love, and for a continual remembrance of his death, to our great and
endless comfort. To him therefore, with the Father and the Holy Ghost,
let us give (as we are most bounden) continual thanks ; submitting ourselves
wholly to his holy will and pleasure, and studying to serve him in true holi
ness and righteousness all the days of our life. Amen.

f Then shall the Priest say to them that come to receive the holy
Communion^

YE that do truly and earnestly repent you of your sins,
and are in love and charity with your neighbours, and
intend to lead a new life, following the commandments of
God, and walking from henceforth in his holy ways ; Draw
near with faith, and take this holy Sacrament to your
comfort ; and make your humble confession to Almighty
God, meekly kneeling upon your knees.

f Then shall this general Confession be made^ in the name of all
those that are minded to receive the holy Communion^ by one of
the Ministers ; both he and all the people kneeling humbly upon
their tyiees, and saying^

ALMIGHTY God, Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,
d* Maker of all things, Judge of all men ; We acknow
ledge and bewail our manifold sins and wickedness, Which
we, from time to time, most grievously have committed, By
thought, word, and deed, Against thy Divine Majesty,
Provoking most justly thy wrath and indignation against us.
We do earnestly repent, And are heartily sorry for these our
misdoings ; The remembrance of them is grievous unto us ;
The burden of them is intolerable. Have mercy upon us,

28

Have mercy upon us, most merciful Father ; For thy Son
our Lord Jesus Christ's sake, Forgive us all that is past ;
And grant that we may ever hereafter Serve and please thee
In newness of life, To the honour and glory of thy Name ;
Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

f Then shall the Priest (or the Bishop, being present?) stand up,
and turning himself to the people, pronounce this Absolution.

A LMIGHTY God, our heavenly Father, who of his great
* mercy hath promised forgiveness of sins to all them
that with hearty repentance and true faith turn unto him ;
Have mercy upon you ; pardon and deliver you from all
your sins ; confirm and strengthen you in all goodness ;
and bring you to everlasting life ; through Jesus Christ our
Lord. Amen.

f Then shall the Priest say,

Hear what comfortable words our Saviour Christ saith
unto all that truly turn to him.

ME unto me all that travail and are heavy laden,

and I will refresh you.

St. Mattb. xi. 28.

So God loved the world, that he gave his only-begotten
Son, to the end that all that believe in him should not

perish, but have everlasting life.

St. John iii. 16.

Hear also what Saint Paul saith.

This is a true saying, and worthy of all men to be received,
That Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners.

i Tim. i. 15.

Hear also what Saint John saith.

If any man sin, we have an Advocate with the Father,
Jesus Christ the righteous ; and he is the propitiation for
our sins.

I St. John ii. i.

29

fl Then shall the Minister proceed to deliver the Communion in
both kinds to the Bishops, Priests, and Deacons, in like manner,
(if any be present^) and after that to the people also in order,
into their hands, all meekly kneeling. And, when he delivereth
the Bread to any one, he shall say,

THE Body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given
for thee, preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting
life. Take and eat this in remembrance that Christ died for
thee, and feed on him in thy heart by faith with thanksgiving.

f And the Minister that delivereth the Cup to any one shall say,

THE Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was shed
for thee, preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting
life. Drink this in remembrance that Christ's Blood was
shed for thee, and be thankful.

^f If the consecrated Bread or Wine be all spent before all ha^e
communicated, the Priest is to consecrate more according to the
Form before prescribed ; beginning at [Our Saviour Christ in
the same night, &V.] for the blessing of the Bread ; and at
[Likewise after Supper, &cJ\for the blessing of the Cup. 1

f When all ha\>e communicated, the Minister shall return to the
Lord's Table, and reverently place upon it what remaineth
of the consecrated Elements, cohering the same with a fair
linen cloth.

1 This rubric would probably disappear. It represents a theory of
consecration of the most extreme mediaeval Western type, and this
rearrangement of the Office emphasizes its incongruity. The formal
recognition of Reservation of the Sacrament would provide a better
way of meeting the difficulty.

30

fl After which shall be said as follow eth.

A LMIGHTY and ever-living God, we most heartily thank
** thee, for that thou dost vouchsafe to feed us, who have
duly received these holy mysteries, with the spiritual food
of the most precious Body and Blood of thy Son our Saviour
Jesus Christ ; and dost assure us thereby of thy favour and
goodness towards us ; and that we are very members in
corporate in the mystical body of thy Son, which is the
blessed company of all faithful people ; and are also heirs
through hope of thy everlasting kingdom, by the merits of the
most precious death and passion of thy dear Son. And we
most humbly beseech thee, O heavenly Father, so to assist us
with thy grace, that we may continue in that holy fellowship,
and do all such good works as thou hast prepared for us to
walk in ; through Jesus Christ our Lord, to whom, with
thee and the Holy Ghost, be all honour and glory, world
without end. Amen.

^ Then shall be said or sung,

GLORY be to God on high, and in earth peace, good
will towards men. We praise thee, we bless thee, we
worship thee, we glorify thee, we give thanks to thee for
thy great glory, O Lord God, heavenly King, God the
Father Almighty.

O Lord, the only-begotten Son Jesu Christ ; O Lord
God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father, that takest away the
sins of the world, have mercy upon us. Thou that takest
away the sins of the world, have mercy upon us. Thou
that takest away the sins of the world, receive our prayer.
Thou that sittest at the right hand of God the Father,
have mercy upon us.

For thou only art holy ; thou only art the Lord ; thou
only, O Christ, with the Holy Ghost, art most high in the
glory of God the Father. Amen.

^f Then the Priest (or Bishop if he be present] shall let them
depart with this Blessing.

"^HE peace of God, which passeth all understanding,
-* keep your hearts and minds in the knowledge and love
of God, and of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord : and the
blessing of God Almighty, the Father, the Son, and the
Holy Ghost, be amongst you and remain with you always.
Amen.

THE COLLECT, EPISTLE, AND GOSPEL, AT

THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD, FROM THE

FIRST PRAYER BOOK OF EDWARD VI.

Collect.

O MERCIFUL God, the Father of our Lord Jesus
Christ, who is the resurrection and the life : In whom
whosoever believeth shall live, though he die : and whoso
ever liveth, and believeth in him shall not die eternally ;
who also hath taught us (by his holy apostle Paul) not to be
sorry as men without hope for them that sleep in him : We
meekly beseech thee (O Father) to raise us from the death
of sin unto the life of righteousness, that when we shall
depart this life we may sleep in him (as our hope is this our
brother doth) : and at the general Resurrection in the last
Day both we, and this our brother departed, receiving again
our bodies, and rising again in thy most gracious favour,
may with all thine elect Saints obtain eternal joy. Grant
this we beseech thee, O merciful Father, by the means of
our Advocate, Jesus Christ, which with thee and the Holy
Ghost, liveth and reigneth one God for ever. Amen. 1

1 This prayer cannot be considered altogether satisfactory as a collect.
It is too wordy, lacking that terseness which is characteristic of collects.
And the objection of the Presbyterians in 1661 to the expressions of thank
fulness and hope (which remain in the prayer in its altered form familiar to
us) surely have weight.

We bury many a poor sinner, not in confidence, but putting our trust in
the infinite mercies of God, and we all must be buried as penitents, remem
bering the awful judgement seat of Christ before which even the just need
mercy. Unreality in the solemn rites of death is of all unreality the most

33 F

The Epistle, (i Thess. iv.)

I WOULD not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant
concerning them which are fallen asleep, that ye sorrow
not, as other do, which have no hope. For if we believe
that Jesus died, and rose again : even so them also which
sleep by Jesus, will God bring again with him. For this
say we unto you in the word of the Lord, that we which
shall live, and shall remain in the coming of the Lord, shall
not come ere they which sleep. For the Lord himself shall
descend from heaven with a shout, and the voice of the
archangel, and trump of God : and the dead in Christ shall
arise first : then we which shall live (even we which shall
remain) shall be caught up with them also in the clouds, to
meet the Lord in the air : and so shall we ever be with
the Lord. Wherefore comfort yourselves one another with
these words.

The Gospel. (John vi.)

TESUS said to his disciples and to the Jews : All that the
J Father giveth me shall come to me : and he that cometh
to me I cast not away. For I came down from heaven,
not to do that I will, but that he will, which hath sent me,
that of all which he hath given me, I shall lose nothing :
but raise them up again at the last day. And this is the will
of him that sent me : that every one which seeth the Son,
and believeth on him, have everlasting life : and I will raise
him up at the last day.

painful. The old Collect from the Sarum missal is certainly better
liturgically and more in accordance with Catholic sentiment.

It ran as follows :

Almighty and everlasting God, we thy suppliants beseech thy mercy that
thou wouldest command the soul of thy servant, whose body we now commit
unto the grave, to be gathered into Abraham's bosom : so that when the day
of thine appearing shall come, it may rise at thy bidding amidst thy saints
and thine elect.

34

FORM FOR UNCTION OF THE SICK, FROM
THE FIRST PRAYER BOOK OF EDWARD VI.

If the sick person desire to be anointed^ then shall the Priest
anoint him upon the forehead or breast onh\ making the sign of
the Cross, saying thus^

AS with this visible oil thy body outwardly is anointed,
-* so our heavenly Father, Almighty God, grant of his
infinite goodness, that thy soul inwardly may be anointed
with the Holy Ghost, who is the Spirit of all strength,
comfort, relief, and gladness : and vouchsafe for his great
mercy (if it be his blessed will) to restore unto thee bodily
health and strength, to serve him ; and send thee release of
all thy pains, troubles, and diseases, both in body and mind.
And howsoever his goodness (by his divine and unsearchable
Providence) shall dispose of thee : we, his unworthy
Ministers and servants, humbly beseech the eternal Majesty
to do with thee according to the multitude of his innumer
able mercies, and pardon thee all thy sins and offences,
committed by all thy bodily senses, passions, and carnal
affections : who also vouchsafe mercifully to grant unto thee
ghostly strength, by his Holy Spirit, to withstand and over
come all temptations and assaults of thine adversary, that in
no wise he prevail against thee, but that thou mayest have
perfect victory and triumph against the devil, sin, and death,
through Christ our Lord : Who by his death hath over
come the prince of death, and with the Father and the
Holy Ghost evermore liveth and reigneth God, world
without end. Amen.

35

Usque quo, Domine ? Psalm xiii.

HOW long wilt thou forget me, (O Lord,) for ever ?
how long wilt thou hide thy face from me ?

How long shall I seek counsel in my soul, and be so vexed
in mine heart : how long shall mine enemy triumph over
me ?

Consider and hear me, (O Lord my God) : lighten mine
eyes, that 1 sleep not in death.

Lest mine enemy say, I have prevailed against him : for
if I be cast down, they that trouble me will rejoice at it.

But my trust is in thy mercy : and my heart is joyful in
thy salvation.

I will sing of the Lord, because he hath dealt so lovingly
with me : yea, I will praise the Name of the Lord the most
highest.

Glory be to the Father, etc.

As it was in the beginning, etc.

36

APPENDIX

COMPARATIVE TABLE OF CANONS OR
ANAPHORA

THE NORMAL

EASTERN LITURGY : THAT

OF ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM

'Deacon. Stand we well : stand we
with fear : give we heed to offer the
holy anaphora (or oblation) in peace.

B^. The mercy of peace, the sacrifice
of praise.

Priest. The grace of our Lord
Jesus Christ, and the love of God the
Father, and the fellowship of the Holy
Ghost be with you all.

And with thy spirit.

Lift we up our hearts.

We lift them up unto the Lord.

Let us give thanks unto the Lord.

It is meet and right.

It is meet and right to hymn thee,
to bless thee, to praise thee, to give
thanks to thee, to worship thee, in
all places of thy dominion. For
thou art God ineffable, inconceivable,
invisible, incomprehensible, everlast
ing, unchanging ; thou and thine
only-Begotten Son, and thy Holy
Ghost. For it is thou that didst
bring us into being out of nothing,
and when we had fallen didst raise
us up again, and didst not give over
doing everything until thou hadst
brought us back to heaven, and
bestowed on us thy kingdom to come.
For all these things we give thanks
to thee, and to thine only-Begotten
Son, and thy Holy Ghost, for all
things which we know, and which we
know not, the benefits open and con-

THE NORMAL

WESTERN LITURGY : THAT
OF THE ROMAN CHURCH

The Lord be with you.

And with thy spirit.
Lift up your hearts.
We lift them up unto the Lord.
Let us give thanks unto the Lord
our God.

It is meet and right.

It is very meet and right, just and
profitable that we should at all times
and in all places give thanks unto
thee, O holy Lord, almighty Father,
everlasting God : And therefore with
Angels and Archangels, with Thrones
and Dominations, and with all the
array of the heavenly host we sing
the hymn of thy glory, evermore
saying :

THE LITURGY OF THE
FIRST PRAYER BOOK, 1549

(OBSOLETE)

THE
AMERICAN LITURGY

(As NOW USED)

(The Invitation, Confession, and
Comfortable Words precede the
Canon as in our English Rite.)

The Lord be with you.

And with thy spirit.
Lift up your hearts.
We lift them up unto the Lord.
Let us give thanks unto our Lord
God.

It is meet and right so to do.

It is very meet, right, and our
bounden duty that we should at all
times and in all places give thanks
unto thee, O Lord, Holy Father,
almighty everlasting God : therefore
with Angels and Archangels, and with
all the holy company of heaven, we
laud and magnify thy glorious name
evermore praising thee and saying :

Lift up your hearts.
We lift them up unto the Lord.
Let us give thanks unto our Lord
God.

It is meet and right so to do.

It is very meet, right, and our
bounden duty, that we should at all
times, and in all places, give thanks
unto thee, O Lord,
Almighty, Everlasting God. Therefore
with Angels and Archangels, and with
all the company of heaven, we laud
and magnify thy glorious Name ; ever
more praising thee and saying :

39

EASTERN LITURGY

WESTERN LITURGY

cealed, which have been wrought upon
us. We give thee thanks for this
ministry also, which thou hast vouch
safed to receive at our hands : albeit
there stand beside thee thousands
of Archangels, and ten thousands
of Angels, the Cherubim, and the
Seraphim, six winged, many-eyed,
soaring, winging, singing, shouting,
crying and saying the triumphal
hymn :

Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord of Sabaoth ;
heaven and earth are full of thy glory.
Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is
he that cometh in the name of the
Lord. Hosanna in the highest.

With these blessed hosts, we also
O Lord thou Lover of men, shout
and say, Holy and All -Holy art thou,
and thine only-Begotten Son, and thy
Holy Ghost. Holy art thou and All-
Holy, and thy glory is magnifical.

Who didst so love thy world, as to
give thine only-Begotten Son, that
whoso believeth in him might not
perish, but might have everlasting
life:

Holy, Holy, Holy, is the Lord
God of Sabaoth ; heaven and earth
are full of thy glory ; Hosanna in the
highest. Blessed is he that cometh
in the name of the Lord. Hosanna
in the highest.

( Te igitur.) Therefore most merci -
ful Father, through Jesus Christ thy
Son, our Lord, we humbly pray and
beseech thee to hold accepted and to
bless these gifts, these offerings, these
holy undefiled sacrifices : chiefly
those which we offer to thee for
thy holy Catholic Church, which do
thou vouchsafe to pacify, to guard,
to unite and to govern throughout
the whole world, together with thy
servant our Pope 3^. and our Bishop
^X\, [and our King <^(.,] and all right-

40

FIRST PRAYER BOOK

AMERICAN LITURGY

Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of
hosts ; heaven and earth are full of
thy glory : Hosanna in the highest.
Blessed is he that cometh in the
name of the Lord. Glory to thee,
O Lord, in the highest.

Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of
Hosts, heaven and earth are full of
thy glory :

Glory be to thee, O Lord Most
High. Amen.

Let us pray for the whole state of
Christ's Church.

Almighty and everliving God,
which by thy holy Apostle hast taught
us to make prayers and supplications
and to give thanks for all men, we
humbly beseech thee most mercifully
to receive these our prayers, which
we offer unto thy Divine Majesty,
beseeching thee to inspire continually
the universal Church with the spirit
of truth, unity and concord : and
grant that all they that do confess thy
holy name may agree in the truth of
thy holy word and live in unity and

EASTERN LITURGY WESTERN LITURGY

believers and maintainers of the
Catholic and Apostolic faith.

(Memento.) Remember, O Lord,
thy servants and handmaidens, <\\ and
\\, and all here standing around
whose faith is known to thee and their
devotion acknowledged ; for whom we
offer unto thee, or who themselves offer
unto thee, this sacrifice of praise for
themselves and all theirs, for the re
demption of their souls, for the hope
of their salvation and safety, and are
paying their vows to thee, the ever
lasting God, living and true.

In communion with and venerating
the memory, chiefly of the glorious
ever- Virgin Mary, mother of our God
and Lord Jesus Christ ; and also
of thy blessed Apostles and Martyrs
Peter, Paul, Andrew, James, John,
Thomas, James, Philip, Bartholomew,

42

FIRST PRAYER BOOK AMERICAN LITURGY

godly love. Specially we beseech
thee to save and defend thy servant,
\\, our King, that under him we may
be godly and quietly governed. And
grant unto his whole council, and to
all that are put in authority under him
that they may truly and indifferently
minister justice to the punishment of
wickedness and vice, and to the
maintenance of God's true religion
and virtue.

Give grace (O Heavenly Father) to
all Bishops, Pastors and Curates, that
they may both by their life and
doctrine set forth thy true and lively
word and rightly and duly administer
thy holy sacraments.

And to all thy people give thy
heavenly grace that with meek heart
and due reverence they may hear and
receive thy holy word, truly serving
thee in holiness and righteousness all
the days of their life.

And we most humbly beseech thee,
of thy goodness (O Lord) to comfort
and succour all them which in this
transitory life be in trouble, sorrow,
need, sickness, or any other adversity.

And especially we commend unto
thy merciful goodness this congrega
tion which is here assembled in thy
name, to celebrate the commemoration
of the most glorious death of thy
Son.

And here we do give unto thee
most high praise and hearty'thanks for
the wonderful grace and virtue declared
in all thy saints from the beginning
of the world : and chiefly in the
glorious and blessed Virgin Mary,
mother of thy Son Jesus Christ our
Lord and God, and in the Holy
Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles and
Martyrs ; whose examples (O Lord)

43

EASTERN LITURGY WESTERN LITURGY

Matthew, Simon andThaddeus, Linus,
Cletus, Clement, Xystus, Cornelius,
Cyprian, Lawrence, Chrysogonus,
John and Paul, Cosmas and Damian,
and of all thy saints ; by whose merits
and prayers grant that we may in all
things be defended by the help of thy
protection, through the same Christ
our Lord. Amen.

(For the corresponding Intercession
for the Departed see below, page 50.)

FIRST PRAYER BOOK

and stedfastness in thy faith and keep
ing thy holy commandments grant
us to follow.

AMERICAN LITURGY

We commend unto thy mercy (O
Lord) all other thy servants which are
departed hence from us, with the sign
of faith, and now do rest in the sleep
of peace. Grant unto them, we
beseech thee, thy mercy and ever
lasting peace, and that at the day of
the general resurrection, we and all
they which be of the mystical body of
thy Son, may altogether be set on his
right hand, and hear that his most
joyful voice : Come unto me, O ye
that be blessed of my Father, and
possess the kingdom, which is prepared
for you from the beginning of the
world : Grant this, O Father, for
Jesus Christ's sake, our only Mediator
and Advocate.

We do not presume to come to this
thy Table, O merciful Lord, trusting
in our own righteousness, but in thy
manifold and great mercies. We are
not worthy so much as to gather up
the crumbs under thy Table. But
thou art the same Lord, whose
property is always to have mercy :
Grant us therefore, gracious Lord,
so to eat the flesh of thy dear Son Jesus
Christ, and to drink his blood, that
our sinful bodies may be made clean
by his body, and our souls washed
with his most precious blood, and that
we may evermore dwell in him, and
he in us. Amen.

45

EASTERN LITURGY

WESTERN LITURGY

This oblation therefore of our
service, as also of thy whole household,
we beseech thee, O Lord, favourably
to accept, and to order our days in thy
peace, and command that we be
delivered from eternal damnation, and
numbered in the flock of thine elect ;
through Christ our Lord. Amen.

The which oblation, do thou, O
God, we beseech thee, vouchsafe to
render altogether blessed, approved,
ratified, reasonable and acceptable,
that it may be made unto us the Body
and Blood of thy most dearly beloved
Son our Lord Jesus Christ.

who having come, and having
fulfilled for us all the dispensation, in
the night wherein he was betrayed, or
rather surrendered himself for the life
of the world, took bread in his holy
and pure and spotless hands, and gave
thanks, and blessed, and hallowed, and
brake, and gave to his holy Disciples
and Apostles, saying, Take, eat : this
is my Body which is broken for you
for the remission of sins. Amen.

Likewise after supper he took the cup,
saying, Drink ye all of this : This is
my Blood of the New Testament,
which is shed for you and for many
for the remission of sins. Amen.

Who the day before
he suffered took bread into his holy
and venerable hands, and with his
eyes uplifted toward heaven unto
thee, O God, his Almighty Father,
giving thanks to thee, he blessed,
brake, and gave to his disciples, say
ing : Take and eat ye all of this,
for this is my Body.

Likewise after supper, taking also this
most excellent cup into his holy and
venerable hands, again giving thanks
unto thee, he blessed, and gave to his
disciples, saying ; Take and drink ye
all of this, for this is the cup of my
Blood of the new and everlasting
Testament, the mystery of faith, which
shall be shed for you and for many for

FIRST PRAYER BOOK

AMERICAN LITURGY

O God, Heavenly Father, which of
thy tender mercy didst give thine only
Son Jesu Christ, to suffer death upon
the cross for our redemption, who
made there by his one oblation
once offered a full, perfect and
sufficient sacrifice, oblation and satis
faction for the sins of the whole
w r orld, and did institute and in
his holy Gospel command us to cele
brate a perpetual memory of that
his precious death until his coming
again :

Hear us (O merciful Father) we
beseech thee, and with thy Holy
Spirit and word vouchsafe to bless and
sanctify these thy gifts and creatures
of bread and wine, that they may be
unto us the Body and Blood of thy
most dearly beloved Son Jesus
Christ.

Who in that same night that he
was betrayed, took bread, and when
he had blessed and given thanks, he
brake it and gave it to his disciples,
saying : Take, eat, this is my Body,
which is given for you. Do this in
remembrance of me.

All glory be to thee, Almighty God,
our heavenly Father, for that thou, of
thy tender mercy, didst give thine only
Son Jesus Christ to suffer death upon
the Cross for our redemption ; who
made there (by his one oblation
of himself once offered) a full, perfect,
and sufficient sacrifice, oblation, and
satisfaction, for the sins of the whole
world ; and did institute, and in his
holy Gospel command us to continue,
a perpetual memory of that his precious
death and sacrifice, until his coming
again :

For in the night in which he was
betrayed, he took Bread ; and when
he had given thanks, he brake it, and
gave it to his disciples, saying, Take,
eat, this is my Body, which is given
for you ; Do this in remembrance of
me.

Likewise after supper he took the
cup, and when he had given thanks,
he gave it to them saying : Drink ye
all of this, for this is my Blood of the
New Testament, which is shed for you
and for many, for remission of sins.
Do this as oft as you shall drink it in
remembrance of me.

Likewise, after supper, he took the
Cup ; and when he had given thanks,
he gave it to them, saying, Drink ye
all of this ; for this is my Blood of the
New Testament, which is shed for you,
and for many, for the remission of sins ;
Do this, as oft as ye shall drink it, in
remembrance of me.

47

EASTERN LITURGY

WESTERN LITURGY

Wherefore remembering this saving
precept, and all that hath been wrought
on our behalf, the Cross, the Tomb,
the Resurrection on the third day, the
Ascension into heaven, the Session on
the right hand, the second and glori
ous coming again, in behalf of all, and
for all, we offer thee thine own of
thine own.

R^. Thee we hymn, thee we praise :
to thee we give thanks, O Lord, and
pray to thee, O our God.

remission of sins. As often as ye do
these things, ye shall do them in
remembrance of me.

(\Jnde et memores.) Wherefore also,
O Lord, we thy servants, and also
thy holy people, having in remem
brance the so blessed passion of the
same Christ thy Son our Lord, and
also his resurrection from hell and as
well his glorious ascension into the
heavens, do offer unto thy excellent
Majesty of thy gifts and bounties
a pure offering, a holy offering, an
undefiled offering, the holy bread of
life eternal and the cup of everlast
ing salvation : upon which do thou
vouchsafe to look with favourable and
gracious countenance, and hold them
accepted, as thou didst vouchsafe to
hold accepted the presents of thy
righteous servant Abel, and the sacri
fice of our patriarch Abraham, and
that which thy high priest Melchise-
dek did offer unto thee, for a holy
sacrifice, an immaculate offering.

(EPICLESIS)

Moreover we offer unto thee this
reasonable and unbloody service : and
beseech thee and implore and suppli
cate : Send down thy Holy Ghost
upon us, and on these gifts set forth.

'Deacon. Bless, Sir, the holy bread.

And make this bread the precious
Body of thy Christ.

Deacon. Amen. Bless, Sir, the
holy cup.

And that which is in this cup, the
precious Blood of thy Christ.

Deacon. Amen. Bless, Sir, them
both.

(Supplices te rogamus.) We humbly
beseech thee, Almighty God, com
mand these things to be carried by
the hands of thy Holy Angel to thy
altar on high in the sight of thy divine
Majesty ; that so many of us, as by
this partaking of the altar shall have
received the most sacred Body and
Blood of thy Son, may be fulfilled
with all heavenly benediction and
grace ; through the same Christ our
Lord. Amen.

FIRST PRAYER BOOK

AMERICAN LITURGY

Wherefore O Lord and Heavenly
Father, according to the institution of
thy dearly beloved Son our Saviour
Jesus Christ, we thy humble servants
do celebrate and make here before thy
divine Majesty with these thy holy
gifts the memorial which thy Son hath
willed us to make : having in remem
brance his blessed passion, mighty
resurrection and glorious ascension ;
rendering unto thee most hearty
thanks for the innumerable benefits
procured unto us by the same, entirely
desiring thy fatherly goodness merci
fully to accept this our Sacrifice of
praise and thanksgiving : most humbly
beseeching thee to grant that by the
merits and death of thy Son Jesus
Christ, and through faith in his Blood,
we and all thy whole church may
obtain remission of our sins and all
other benefits of his passion. And
here we offer and present unto thee
(O Lord) ourself, our souls and bodies,
to be a reasonable, holy and lively
sacrifice unto thee :

Humbly beseeching thee that who
soever shall be partakers of this Holy
Communion may worthily receive the
most precious Body and Blood of thy
Son Jesus Christ and be fulfilled with
thy grace and heavenly benediction,
and made one body with thy Son
Jesus Christ, that he may dwell in
them and they in him. And although
we be unworthy through our manifold
sins to offer unto thee any sacrifice,
yet we beseech thee to accept this our
bounden duty and service : and com
mand these our prayers and supplica
tions by the ministry of thy Holy

Wherefore, O Lord and heavenly
Father, according to the institution of
thy dearly beloved Son our Saviour
Jesus Christ, we, thy humble servants,
do celebrate and make here before thy
Divine Majesty, with these thy holy
gifts, which we now offer unto thee,
the memorial thy Son hath com
manded us to make ; having in remem
brance his blessed passion and precious
death, his mighty resurrection and
glorious ascension ; rendering unto
thee most hearty thanks for the
innumerable benefits procured unto us
by the same.

(EPICLESIS.)

And we most humbly beseech thee,
O merciful Father, to hear us ; and,
of thy almighty goodness, vouchsafe to
bless and sanctify, with thy Word and
Holy Spirit, these thy gifts and
creatures of bread and wine ; that we,
receiving them according to thy Son
our Saviour Jesus Christ's holy institu
tion, in remembrance of his death and
passion, may be partakers of his most
blessed Body and Blood.

EASTERN LITURGY

WESTERN LITURGY

Changing them by thy Holy
Ghost.

(Deacon. Amen, Amen, Amen.

(Holy Sir, remember me a
sinner.)

That so they may be to those that
participate, for sobriety of soul, for
giveness of sins, communion of thy
Holy Ghost, fullness of the kingdom
of heaven, boldness towards thee, and
not to judgement or to condemna
tion.

Further we offer to thee this reason
able service on behalf of those who
have gone to their rest in faith, Fore
fathers, Fathers, Patriarchs, Prophets,
Apostles, Preachers, Evangelists, Mar
tyrs, Confessors, Virgins, and every
just spirit made perfect in faith.

Especially our all holy, pure, im
maculate, more than blessed, glorious
Lady, the mother of God and ever-
Virgin Mary.

The holy John the Prophet, Fore
runner, and Baptist, the holy, glori
ous, and all celebrated Apostles,
Saint <9y\, whose memory we are
celebrating, and all thy Saints, by
whose supplications do thou visit us,
O God. And remember all those
that have fallen asleep in the hope of
the resurrection of eternal life, and
give them rest, O our God, where the
light of thy countenance shines. Fur
thermore we beseech thee, remember,
O Lord, every bishopric of the
orthodox that rightly divide the word
of truth, all the presbyterate, the
diaconate in Christ, and every hieratical

(Memento?) Remember also O Lord
the souls of thy servants and hand
maidens, 7^. and <^., who have gone
before us with the sign of faith, and do
rest in the sleep of peace. Unto them,
we beseech thee, O Lord, and to all
that rest in Christ to grant a place of
refreshment, light and peace ; through
the same Christ our Lord. Amen.

Unto us sinners also, thy servants
that hope in the multitude of thy
mercies, vouchsafe to grant some part
and fellowship with thy holy Apostles,
and Martyrs, with John, Stephen,
Matthias, Barnabas, Ignatius, Alex
ander, Marcellinus, Peter, Felicitas,
Perpetua, Agatha, Lucy, Agnes, Cicely,
Anastasia, and all thy saints ; into
whose company do thou admit us.

Not weighing our merits, but
bestowing pardon, we beseech thee,
through Christ our Lord.

5

FIRST PRAYER BOOK

Angels to be brought up 'into thy
Holy Tabernacle before the sight of
thy Divine Majesty.

AMERICAN LITURGY

(For the corresponding prayer to
the one in the Roman Liturgy opposite
see above, page 45.)

Not weighing our merits, but
pardoning our offences through Christ
our Lord.

And we earnestly desire thy fatherly
goodness, mercifully to accept this our
sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving ;
most humbly beseeching thee to grant
that, by the merits and death of thy
Son Jesus Christ, and through faith in
his blood, we, and all thy whole
Church, may obtain remission of our
sins, and all other benefits of his
passion. And here we offer and
present unto thee, O Lord, our selves,
our souls and bodies, to be a reason
able, holy, and living sacrifice unto
thee ; humbly beseeching thee, that
we, and all others who shall be par
takers of this Holy Communion, may
worthily receive the most precious
Body and Blood of thy Son Jesus
Christ, be filled with thy grace and
heavenly benediction, and be made
one body with him, that he may dwell
in us, and we in him. And although
we are unworthy, through our mani
fold sins, to offer unto thee any
sacrifice ; yet we beseech thee to accept
this our bounden duty and service ;

not weighing our merits, but pardon
ing our offences, through Jesus Christ
our Lord ;

EASTERN LITURGY

WESTERN LITURGY

order. Furthermore we offer to theethis
reasonable service for the whole world :
for the Holy Catholic and Apostolic
Church, and for them that live in
chastity and honest conversation. For
our most faithful Christ-loving kings
for all their court and army. Grant to
them, Lord, a peaceful reign, that we,
in their serenity may lead a quiet and
peaceable life in all godliness and
honesty. Chiefly, O Lord, remember
our Archbishop $., whom grant to
thy holy Churches in peace, in safety,
in honour, in health, in length of
days, and rightly dividing the word of
thy truth.

Remember, Lord, the city in which
we dwell, and every city and region,
and them that dwell therein in faith.
Remember, Lord, them that travel by
land and by water, them that are sick,
them that are labouring, captives, and
their safety. Remember, Lord, them
that bear fruit, and do good deeds in
thy holy Churches, and that remember
the poor. And send forth thy com
passions on us all, and grant us with
one mouth and with one heart to
glorify and celebrate thy all honour
able and magnifical Name, of the
Father, and of the Son, and of the
Holy Ghost, now and ever, and
world without end. Amen.

And the mercies of our great God
and Saviour Jesus Christ shall be
with you all.

And with thy spirit.

The 'Deacon. Commemorating all
the saints, again and again in peace
let us make our supplications unto
the Lord.

Lord, have mercy upon us.

Through whom, O Lord, all these
good gifts thou dost ever create,
sanctify, quicken, bless and bestow
upon us.

By him and with him and in him
in the unity of the Holy Ghost all
honour and glory is unto thee, God
the Father i Almighty, world without
end. Amen.

FIRST PRAYER BOOK

AMERICAN LITURGY

By whom and with whom in the
unity of the Holy Ghost all honour
and glory be unto thee, O Father
Almighty, world without end. Amen.

By whom, and with whom, in the
unity of the Holy Ghost, all honour
and glory be unto thee, O Father
Almighty, world without end. Amen.

(N.B. In the Scottish Liturgy the
Prayer for the Church Militant, with
an added clause of praise for all Saints
departed, occurs in this place.)

53

EASTERN LITURGY WESTERN LITURGY

For the precious gifts that have
been offered and hallowed let us make
our supplications unto the Lord.

Lord, have mercy upon us.

That our God, the Lover of man
kind, who hath accepted them unto
his holy and heavenly and spiritual
Altar, for an odour of a spiritual sweet
savour, may send down on us in
return the divine grace, and the gift
of the Holy Ghost, let us make our
supplications unto the Lord.

Lord, have mercy upon us.

That we may be delivered from all
tribulation, wrath, peril, and neces
sity, let us make our supplications
unto the Lord.

Lord, have mercy upon us.

Priest (meanwhile Inaudibly). To
thee, O Lord thou Lover of men, we
commit all our life and our hope, and
beseech and pray, and supplicate :
account us worthy to partake of the
heavenly and appalling mysteries of
this sacred and spiritual Table, with
a pure conscience, for remission of
sins, forgiveness of offences, participa
tion of the Holy Ghost, inheritance
of the kingdom of heaven, boldness
towards thee : not to judgement or to
condemnation.

The Deacon. Succour, save, and
have mercy upon us, and keep us, O
God, by thy grace.

Lord, have mercy upon us.

That the whole day may be perfect,
holy, peaceful, and sinless, let us ask
of the Lord.

Grant it, O Lord.

An angel of peace, a faithful guide
and guardian of our souls and bodies,
let us ask of the Lord.

Grant it, O Lord.

54

FIRST PRAYER BOOK AMERICAN LITURGY

55

EASTERN LITURGY

WESTERN LITURGY

Pardon and remission of our sins
and offences, let us ask of the Lord.

Grant it, O Lord.

What things are good and profitable
for our souls, and peace for the world,
let us ask of the Lord.

Grant it, O Lord.

To spend the residue of our life
in peace and penitence, let us ask of
the Lord.

Grant it, O Lord.

That the end of our life be Chris
tian without pain or shame, peaceful,
and a good account before the awful
judgement-seat of Christ, let us ask
of the Lord.

Grant it, O Lord.

Asking for the unity of the faith,
and the fellowship of the Holy
Ghost, let us commend ourselves and
one another and all our life to Christ
our God.

To thee, O Lord.

Priest, aloud. And account us
worthy, O Lord, with freedom and
without condemnation to be bold
to call upon thee, the heavenly
God as Father, and to say :

Our Father, which art in heaven,
Hallowed be thy Name. Thy kingdom
come. Thy will be done, in earth as it
is in heaven. Give us this day our
daily bread. And forgive us our
trespasses, As we forgive them that
trespass against us. And lead us not
into temptation ; But deliver us from
evil.

Priest. For thine is the kingdom,
the power and the glory, Father, Son
and Holy Ghost, now and ever and
world without end. Amen.

Let us pray.

Admonished by salutary commands
and directed by divine teaching, we
are bold to say :

Our Father, which art in heaven,
Hallowed be thy Name. Thy kingdom
come. Thy will be done, in earth as it
is in heaven. Give us this day our
daily bread. And forgive us our
trespasses, As we forgive them that
trespass against us.

And lead us not into temptation.

But deliver us from evil.

Amen.

FIRST PRAYER BOOK AMERICAN LITURGY

(Here follows the COMMUNION.)

Let us pray.

As our Saviour Christ hath com
manded and taught us, we are bold to
say:

Our Father, which art in heaven, Our Father, who art in heaven,
Hallowed be thy Name. Thy kingdom Hallowed be thy Name. Thy king-
come. Thy will be done, in earth as it dom come. Thy will be done on
is in heaven. Give us this day our earth, As it is in heaven. Give us this
daily bread. And forgive us our day our daily bread. And forgive us
trespasses, As we forgive them that our trespasses, As we forgive those who
trespass against us. trespass against us. And lead us not

And lead us not into temptation. into temptation ; But deliver us from

But deliver us from evil. evil :

For thine is the kingdom, and the
power, and the glory, for ever and ever.
Amen. Amen.

57

EASTERN LITURGY

WESTERN LITURGY

Deliver us, we beseech thee, O
Lord, from all evils, past, present and
to come, and at the intercession of
Mary the blessed, glorious ever-virgin
Mother of God with thy blessed
Apostles Peter and Paul, and Andrew
and all Saints graciously give peace in
our days ; that aided by the succour
of thy mercy we may be both ever
more free from sin and secure from all
disquiet ; through the same our Lord
Jesus Christ thy Son, who liveth and
reigneth with thee in the unity of the
Holy Spirit God, world without
end. Amen.

Peace be to all.
And with thy spirit.

The peace of the Lord be alway
with you.

And with thy spirit.

(Here follows the Fraction, Com- (Here follows the Fraction, Com

mixture, and COMMUNION.) mixture, and COMMUNION.)

FIRST PRAYER BOOK AMERICAN LITURGY

The peace of the Lord be alway
with you.

And with thy spirit.

(Here follows " Christ our paschal (Here follows " Almighty and

Lamb," etc., Invitation, Confession, everliving God," etc., concluding

Comfortable Words, Prayerof Humble as in English Prayer Book.)
Access, and COMMUNION.)

59

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vii