81

A34

no.l

et.

! BERKELEY
LIBRARY
JNIVERSITY OP
CALIFORNIA

EARTH

SCIENCII

LIBRARY

SURVEY

OF

ALABAMA.

EUGENE A. SMITH, PH.D., STATE GEOLOGIST.

BULLETIN No. 1.

I.

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE TERTIARY 'FossiLs OF ALABAMA AND

MISSISSIPPI.

BY TRUMAN H. ALDRICH, M. E.

II.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EOCENE PALEONTOLOGY OF ALABAMA AND

MISSISSIPPI,
BY OTTO MEYER, PH. D.

PRINTED FOR THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

1886.

A 3 4

EARTH

SCIENCE^
LIBRARY 7

To His EXCELLENCY, E. A. O'NEAL, GOVERNOR OF ALABAMA.

Sir: — I have the honor to transmit herewith Bulletin No. 1
of the Geological Survey, which is the first contribution toward a work
undertaken by Mr. Truman H. Aldrich, illustrating the Paleontology of
the Tertiary Formation in Alabama. This work, which is to be the gift
of Mr. Aldrich to the State of Alabama, will embrace figures and de-
scriptions of all the shells found in the Tertiary deposits of the State,
including reproductions of the figures already published elsewhere, and
when finished, will be one of the most complete works of the kind pub-
lished by any State.

In the preparation of this Bulletin, Mr. Aldrich has personally gone
over the greater part of the ground, and has collected a large part of the
material himself ; he is thus able to give to each species, not only its lo-
cality, but also its exact place in the stratigraphical scale.

The work is therefore, not a bare description of new species, of no
interest or value except to the paleontologist, but it illustrates very fully
the distribution of the species both in time and space ; and in order that
these relations may be more clearly set before the reader, I have added
an extract from my forthcoming Geological Report, giving a summary of
the lithological and stratigraphical features and subdivisions of the vari-
ous deposits which make up the Tertiary Formation of Alabama.

The lower or Jackson division of the White Limestone in the State of
Mississippi contains fossils in a much better state of preservation than
any as yet found at corresponding horizons in Alabama. For this rea-
son, some of the figures and descriptions in the following Bulletin refer
to shells actually collected in Mississippi, though probably also occurring
within the limits of Alabama.

That part of the Bulletin which bears the name of Dr. Otto Meyer,
including the drawing of the three plates illustrating his article, has been
furnished by the author free of all charge, and our acknowledgments are
hereby made to him for his valuable contribution.

Mr. Aldrich not only furnishes gratuitously the text of his article, but
also provides at his own expense the entire printed edition of the plates

321748

4 Geological Survey of Alabama.

illustrating both his own and Dr. Meyer's articles. The only cost to the
State is for the printing of a few pages of ordinary letter-press.

In answer to the possible question as to what practical or economical
value such work may have, it may be stated that there are at intervals
through the Tertiary deposits of Alabama, ten or fifteen horizons at
which occur beds of marine shells. In many cases these are closely asso-
ciated with green-sands and other materials of economic value, the recog-
nition of which becomes thus often a matter of importance.

The association of the shells in these marine deposits is always such
that the different beds may in general be very easily identified and dis-
tinguished from each other by any one even moderately well acquainted
with their fossil contents.

These shells thus become most valuable guides by which the geologist
is enabled to recognize the identity of strata widely separated geograph-
ically, and differing widely in the character of the materials of which
they are composed.

With the small appropriation available for the purpose of the survey,
I should have hesitated to expend any of it upon a subject like this,
which, while it has, as above shown, very important practical and eco-
nomical bearings, might yet be looked upon as of comparatively little
utility to the majority of the people of the State ; therefore, our thanks
are due to Mr. Aldrich for coming to our aid, both as a writer and
financially.

EUGENE A. SMITH.

UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA, July 1, 1886.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Summary of the Lithological and Stratigraphical Features and Subdivisions

of the Tertiary of Alabama 7

I.

Preliminary Report on the Tertiary Fossils of Alabama and Mississippi by

Truman H. Aldrich 16

Part I. Notes and Descriptions of Species IS

Part II. Geological Distribution and Localities of Species 42

II.

Contributions to the Eocene Paleontology of Alabama and Mississippi. By

Otto Meyer, Ph. D 61

INTRODUCTION.

Sumnjary of tlje Lithological and Stratigrapljical Features and
Subdivisions of the Tertiary of Alabama,

In the Report of the Geological Survey of Alabama for the years
1883-'4, these relations of the Tertiary Formation are described in detail
and fully illustrated by plates of sections and a map. From this report
the following summary is taken.

THICKNESS.

The whole thickness of the strata of the Tertiary Formation of
Alabama, occurring in the vicinity of the two rivers, is between 1620 and
1700 feet. This estimate is based upon actual measurements, except at
one or two horizons, and even in these places we are able to give close
estimates of the thickness of the strata not measured.

SUBDIVISIONS.

We have adopted a fourfold division of the Tertiary, which, in de-
scending order, is the following :

1. The White Limestone,

2. The Claiborne,

3. The Buhrstone and

4. The Lignitic.

In all that follows the strata are described in descending order.
1. The White Limestone. — This subdivision is calcareous throughout,
but the lowermost 60 feet are more argillaceous than the rest. The

8 Geological Survey of Alabama.

minimum thickness is 350 feet, of which the uppermost 150 feet con-
sist of a tolerably pure but somewhat silicious Limestone, filled with
masses of coral.

The next succeeding 150 feet are made up of a soft white Limestone,
often quite pure and filled with Orbitoides Mantelli. The lowermost 60
feet are of impure argillaceous Limestone, which, in disintegrating, yields
a black calcareous soil similar to that derived from the rotten Limestone
of the Cretaceous. This lower portion of the White Limestone surpasses
the others in the variety of its fossils, and most of the forms described
in this bulletin from the White Limestone come from this horizon.

2. The Claiborne. — The thickness is 140 to 145 feet, and the materials,
sands and clays, which are generally calcareous and often glauconitic.
Near the top of the subdivision is a bed of glauconitic sand 15 to 17 feet
in thickness, filled with shells in perfect state of preservation. The
sandy clays forming the lowermost 50 feet are likewise filled with a great
variety of shells in good state of preservation. The intervening calcare-
ous clays and calcareous sands are distinguished by the great numbers of
shells of Ostrea sellceformis which they hold, as well as by the compara-
tive rarity of other forms.

In view of the importance of this subdivision, I give below a more
detailed section of the Claiborne Bluff and of the Lisbon Bluff, which is
stratigraphically the continuation of the Claiborne Bluff.

This section, which was made jointly by Mr. Aldrich and myself, was
first published by Mr. Aldrich in the American Journal of Science,
October, 1885. In the Geological Keport for 1883-4 substantially the
same section is given, but I shall here retain the numbers and letters by
which the several beds are distinguished in the section published by Mr.
Aldrich, as the references given in this Bulletin are generally to this
particular section.

Section of the Bluff at Claiborne.

Drift \ 40ft.

D. White Limestone bed containing Scutella and casts of shells.
Zeuglodon bones found in this bed. — Hale, American Journal of Science>
1848, p. 361 45ft.

C. Scutella bed. S. Lyelli in great numbers - 3 ft.

B. Coarse ferruginous sands, indurated at bottom 6ft.

A. Claiborne fossiliferous sand ; source of most of the Claiborne shells ;
thin layers of lignite about 10 feet down from top 17 ft.

1. Indurated glauconitic sandy ledge 4 ft.

2. Calcareous clayey strata, becoming sandy in lower part-...— ». 18 ft.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 9

3. Indurated sandy ledge 1ft. Gin.

4. Calcareous clay, sandy at bottom 5 ft.

5. Light yellowish-gray calcareous sand, lower part indurated, con-
taining casts of shells 5 ft.

6. Light yellowish -gray calcareous sands, containing 0. sellceformis,
Con.; Seutella Lyelli, in fragments; Scalpellum Eocense, Meyer; Pecten
Deshayesii, Lea; Pecten seintillatus (?), Con., etc. Shows indurated
ledges in places 27ft.

7. Layer of comminuted oyster shells 3ft.

8. Dark blue sandy clay 2 ft.

9. Bluish green clayey sands, very few fossils in upper part, crowded
below, a large number of fossils distorted by pressure. 0. sellceformis,
Con.; Venerieardia rotunda, Lea; Nucula magnified, Lea; Area rhom-
boidella, Lea; Anomia n. sp. Amphidesma Hnosa, Con., and many other
bivalves 10 to 15 ft.

10. Dark bluish-green sand, containing a peculiar small form of Vener.
planieosta, Lam.; Turritella Mortoni, Con.; TurriteUa n. sp., CrassateUa,
sp., Corbula. sp., many bivalves.. 6ft.

The Section at Lisbon is as follows, and Nos. 1 and 2 are equivalent to
Nos. 9 and 10 of the preceding.

Section at Lisbon.

1. Brown, sandy strata, badly weathered, few fossils 10 ft.

2. Sandy clays, dark brown, badly weathered also, but highly fossil-
iferous; contain the same fossils as Beds Nos. 9 and 10, at Claiborne,
such as the following : Amphidesma linosa, Area rhomboidella, Turritella
n. sp., V. planieosta, the peculiar, small variety; V. rotunda, Lueina
compressa, Ancillopsis vetustus, Rostellaria Whitfieldi, Heilpr, etc., 12 ft.

3. Hard, sandy ledge 8 in.

4. Calcareous, clayey sands, light yellow when wet, nearly white when
dry 6to8ft.

5. Coarse-grained, ferruginous sands, fossils numerous 3 ft.

6 and 7. Light yellow sand, with hard ledge on top ; lower five feet

dark blue when wet 20ft.

8. Bluish-black clays ; first of the Buhrstone 8 ft.

3. The Buhrstone. — Minimum thickness 300 feet, the materials almost
altogether aluminous and silicious, consisting of aluminous sandstones,
claystones and quartzose sandstones, with occasional thin beds of glauco-
nitie sands.

10 Geological Survey of Alabama.

The few fossils which have been obtained from this division are mostly
in the form of casts. They do not appear to differ specifically from those
of the overlying division.

4. The Lignitic.— This is the most massive of the subdivisions of the
Tertiary, having a thickness which can hardly be less than 900 feet. It
also presents a greater variety in mineral composition, as well as in fossils,
than the other divisions. In the most general terms, the Lignitic strata
are cross-bedded sands, thin-bedded or laminated sands, laminated clays
and clayey sands, and beds of Lignite as well as Lignitic matter, which
merely colors the sands and clays.

With these are interbedded, at several horizons, strata containing
marine fossils. For the sake of greater convenience and clearness of
description, we present the Lignitic in seven sections, each of which
includes, and is characterized by, one or more beds of marine fossils.
These sections are as follows :

1. The Hatchetigbee Section.— 175 feet in thickness; made up of sandy
clays of prevailing brown or purplish color, containing three or four beds
of marine fossils in the upper 75 feet, and of somewhat similar purplish-
brown, sandy clays, nearly devoid of marine fossils, in the lower 100 feet.

All these brown, sandy clays become much lighter colored upon drying
and exposure to the weather.

The following is a more detailed

Section at Hatchetigbee Bluff.

1. Light-colored, aluminous rocks, lowermost of the Buhrstone

20 to 30 ft.

2. Sandy clays of brown, yellowish and reddish colors interstratified...

15 to 20 ft.

3. Heavy-bedded, dark-brown clays (similar to 2), but of darker color
when dry 10ft.

4. Yellowish, glauconitic marl (marine shells) 2 to 3 ft.

5. Purplish-brown, sandy clays, in the middle of which is a projecting
ledge of dark-colored clays, which are harder, but which break up into
small prismatic fragments upon weathering 15 ft.

6. Yellowish-gray sands, striped with thin streaks of brown, sandy
clay, indurated in places ..5 to 6 ft.

7. Bluish-brown, sandy-clay marl, containing many new forms of
shells 5 to 6 ft.

8. Laminated, grayish sands, interstratified with thin beds of brown
or black lignitic olay, indurated in places 4 ft.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 11

9. Heavy-bedded, gray, sandy clays, with streaks of brown colored
clays 8 ft.

10. Reddish, sandy marl, highly fossiliferous, forming concretionary
bowlders. Remarkable for the great number of Venerieardia planicosta,
but containing also many other forms, such as Athleta Tuomeyi, Fusus
pagodiformis, etc 4 to 5 ft.

11. Dark-gray to brown, sandy clays to water's edge. 15 ft.

2. The Wood's Bluff or Bashi Section.— SO to 85 feet in thickness.
The uppermost 30 feet of this section consist of dark-brown clays passing
into a green sand, which holds a great variety of finely-preserved marine
shells. Below this green-sand marl are gray, sandy clays, with four or
five thin beds of lignite within the first 25 feet, succeeded by about 30
feet of cross-bedded sands, with a two-feet seam of lignite at the base.

The details of the most important fossiliferous beds of this section,
occurring at the typical locality, are given in the following :

Section at Wood's Bluff.

Orange sand or stratified drift ; surface 20ft.

1. Dark-brown or bluish-black laminated clays, forming the lowermost
beds of the Hatchetigbee Section 10ft.

2. Dark-bluish, sandy clays, turning red on exposed surface. This
bed is highly fossiliferous, containing Laevibuccinum striatum, Athleta
Tuomeyi, Fusus pagodiformis, and many other forms, some of which
seem to be confined to this horizon 3 to 4 ft.

3. Bluish, laminated clay, or sandy clay, much like No. 2 in color and
texture, but containing no fossils, or very few, and not turning red on
exposed surface; of variable thickness 5 to 8 ft.

4. Bluish or greenish sandy clay, somewhat indurated, of decidedly red-
dish color on surface; highly fossiliferous; characterized by Turritellas
and Dentalum microstriatum, but containing also Ancillaria staminea,
Pyrula multangulata, Corbula oniscus, Infundibulum trochiformis, etc.
The lower part of this bed passes gradually into the green-sand marl
No. 5, and is the best collecting ground, as the material is less indurated
and the shells more easily removed. Thickness 3 to 4 ft.

5. Green-sand marl, 10 to 12 feet down to the water level. The upper
part of the marl is quite soft and friable, but just above the water's edge
it becomes indurated, forming rounded bowlderlike masses, This and the
preceding might together be considered as one, and called the lower marl.

12 Geological Survey of Alabama.

3. The Bell's Landing Section. — This is 140 feet in thickness, and in-
cludes two important marine beds, and a third quite small and apparently
unimportant. These fossiliferous beds are interstratified with yellowish
sands in the upper, and rather heavy-bedded sandy clays in the lower,
part of the section. The upper marine bed, called the Bell's Landing
Marl, is about 10 feet in thickness, and has 40 feet of sandy strata above
it. The middle bed is called the Gregg's Landing Marl, and it lies 20
to 25 feet below the preceding, from which it is separated by dark-gray,
sandy clays. This bed is some five or six feet in thickness, and the upper
part of it is seen near the water level at Bell's Landing, while the whole
bed is well shown at several points higher up the river, notably at Gregg's
Landing, Peebles' Landing and Lower Peach Tree. The lowermost of the
fossiliferous beds of this section is only about one foot in thickness, and
it lies about 50 feet below the Gregg's Landing bed, being separated from
it by sandy clays. It is highly glauconitic, but does not contain any great
variety of fossils. It has been observed only at Lower Peach Tree. The
Bell's Landing Marl is distinguished from all others in Alabama by the
great size of the shells which it holds. This bed is seen at the typical
locality, Bell's Landing; at Peebles' Landing, at Gregg's Landing, at
Lower Peach Tree and at Yellow Bluff on the Alabama, and at Tusca-
homa, Turner's Ferry and Barney's Upper Landing on the Tombigbee
River.

4. The Nanafalia and Coal Bluff Section — The. strata of this section
are 200 feet in thickness, and consist of about 50 feet of gray, sandy
clays at top, which show a great tendency to indurate into tolerably
firm rocks, resembling very closely some of the strata of the Buhrstone.
Below this, about 80 feet of sandy beds, often strongly glauconitic,
characterized throughout by the presence of small oysters, Gryphcea thirsce.

Near the base of this sandy division there is a bed about 20 feet thick,
literally packed with these shells.

Below the Gryphcea thirsce beds follow some 70 feet of cross-bedded
sands, glauconitic, and apparently devoid of fossils, including, about 10
feet from the base of the section, a bed of lignite which varies in thick-
ness from four to seven feet.

The greatest variety in the shells of this group is seen in the strata
which immediately underlie the lowest of the beds containing Gryphcea
thirsce, and the following section of the type locality is therefore given :

Geological Survey of Alabama. 13

Section at Nanafalia Landing.

1. Green-sand marl, highly fossiliferous, the main form being Gryphcea
thirsce, with a few other shells, such as Turritella Mortoni, a Flabellum,
etc. This is the lowermost of the Gryphsea beds, and is here about 20
feet thick.

2. Dark-blue, almost black, laminated clay, devoid of fossils, but
passing below gradually into a bluish marl 3 to 4 ft.

3. Bluish, green-sand marl, containing a few shells in the upper three
or four feet, but becoming much more fossiliferous below. This bed
contains a great variety of beautifully preserved and easily detached
fossils, which can, however, be seen only at a low stage of water.
Thickness 8 to 10ft.

5. The Naheola and Matthews' Landing Section. — It is difficult to give
the thickness of the strata of this section, since it varies on the two rivers.
We have placed it at 130 to 150 feet. The strata are gray, sandy clays
in the main, alternating with cross-bedded sands. The beds of dark,
sandy clay containing the marine shells lie at the base of the section ; but
the Naheola bed on the Tombigbee, while occupying a similar strati-
graphical position to the Matthews' Landing bed on the Alabama, differs
from it in the character of the materials as well as in the fossils. The
two have not been seen so near together as to enable us to determine their
relative position.

The following details are given of the

Section at Matthews' Landing.

1. Bluish-black, micaceous, clayey sand, with finely preserved fossils.
Very dark when wet, but becoming grayish blue on drying. Crumbles
upon exposed slopes, liberating the fossils, which lie in the crumbs thus
produced. This is capped by an indurated, sandy, concretionary ledge.
Thickness of the fossiliferous strata about 5 or 6 ft.

2. Gray sands with slightly yellowish cast, showing a tendency to in.
durate into lens-shaped bowlders one to two feet thick and three to four
feet wide. These sands are also fossiliferous, but much less so than the
preceding beds ; the fossils are difficult to get out because of the hardness
of the material : 3 to 4 ft.

3. Bluish, micaceous, clayey sand, much like No. 1, but not holding
all of its characteristic fossils. Where this stratum lies exposed to the
sun and weather upon flat or nearly horizontal benches, it disintegrates,
like No. 1, into crumbs, in which the liberated fossils lie loosely ; but

14 Geological Survey of Alabama.

where it forms vertical bluffs, it is firm and compact and resembles black
clay. Thickness about 7 or 8 ft.

6. The Black Bluff Section. — Here, again, we have difficulty in deter-
mining the exact thickness, since, on the Tombigbee, the strata of this
section are spread over an extent of surface which would, with uniform
dip, correspond to a thickness of over 200 feet, while, on the Alabama,
and more particularly inland, in the eastern part of Wilcox County, the
thickness is not greater than 35 to 40 feet. Since 80 feet of these beds
are seen in superposition at one locality (Black Bluff), we think that the
maximum can not be less than 100 feet.

The characteristic strata which compose nearly the whole of this section
are black or very dark-brown clays, which are in part fossiliferous. A
detailed section would present nothing of importance for our present
purpose.

7. The Midway or Pine Barren Section.— Thickness 25 feet. The
strata are a white, argillaceous limestone, holding a large nautilus, which
is characteristic of the horizon, 10 feet thick; followed by calcareous
sands and a yellowish, crystalline limestone, with turritellas, carditas and
corals — the sands six feet, the limestone eight or nine feet. This section
is best seen in eastern Wilcox County, on Pine Barren Creek ; but the
upper or nautilus-bearing rocks occur at Midway, on the Alabama River,
and westward across Marengo County. No exposure of these rocks has
been observed on the Tombigbee River, but they will probably be found a
short distance below Moscow.

I.

PRELIMINARY REPORT

UPON THE

Tertiary Fossils of Alabama aijd Mississippi,

BY

T. H. ALDRICH.

DR. EUGENE A. SMITH,

State Geologist, University, Alabama.

Dear Sir : — The inclosed report consists of a list of the fossils
procured by your survey in Alabama, their distribution, with descrip-
tions of part of those believed to be new, also of others collected in Mis-
sissippi, and one new species from the Jackson Group of Louisiana.
There are added twenty previously described fossils from Alabama and
Mississippi, which are all likely to be found in your State.

At my request Dr. Otto Meyer has added in a separate paper a large
number of new species obtained by him partly from the Claiborne Sand,
and in the Jackson and Vicksburg Groups in Mississippi.

Very Respectfully,

T. H. ALDRICH.
BLOCTON, BIBB COUNTY, ALABAMA, June 13, 1886.

PREFACE.

The present condition of the paleontology of the Tertiary Formation is
so much confused that it has been found quite impossible to make a com-
plete and accurate report at this time ; therefore, simply as a beginning,
the writer has prepared the following descriptions and lists.

No attempt has been made to correct the nomenclature ; in general, the
name under which a species has been described, is used, sometimes that of
Conrad, and often that of Lea, without attempting to decide questions of
priority.

Again, many. species are described without figures, and in others the
descriptions are so vague or figures so poor, it has been found out of ques-
tion to identify from them alone. The writer hopes to correct, as far as
possible from the types these uncertainties, and in a final report to bring
the subject up to date. In these tables or lists where a species could not
be definitely ascertained, no specific name is given ; where the identifica-
tion is at all doubtful, the specific name is followed by a question mark,
and where a species is believed to be new, it is so indicated.

At present the collections in hand have not been sufficiently examined
to report upon the Claiborne ferruginous sand-bed proper, the Jacksoir
and Vicksburg Groups. These are reserved for the future.

Plates 1 and 2 were published in the Journal of the Cincinnati So-
ciety of Natural History, Vol. VIII., July, 1885, but as several
changes are necessary, they are inserted here.

The writer is greatly indebted to Prof. Angelo Heilprin, of Phila-
delphia Academy of Natural Sciences; Prof. R. P. Whitfield, of the
American Museum, New York ; and Dr. Otto Meyer for identifications
and critical remarks. To Dr. C. A. White, of the U. S. Geological
Survey for the loan of types; and more especially to Dr. Eugene A.
Smith for the opportunity to make the collections from which this paper
is prepared.

PART I.

Notes and Descriptions of Species.

In univalves herein described, the term "longitudinal" is understood
to be from apex to canal and "transverse' at right angles to this direc-
tion. The figures are all either natural size or the true dimensions are
indicated with each.

GASTROPODA.
MUREX ANGELUS, Aldr. PI. 2, fig. 2.

Murex angelm, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885, p. 145. PL 2,
fig. 2.

MUREX MATTHEWSENSIS, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 15.

Shell triangular, whorls probably four ; angular, smooth between the
varices; varices three, longitudinal, prominent ; spines of the body whorl
elongated and curved upward, the one at the angle of the aperture
nearly closed ; body whorl angulated on upper part, the other whorls
rounded ; aperture ovate, outer lip thick with a foliation at the junc-
tion with the body whorl running from the spine to the beak ; inner lip
smooth with a slight lamina ; beak short ; canal rather wide.

Locality. — Matthews' Landing, Ala.

Differs from M. moru'us, Con., in having no spines between the varices
at the shoulder of the body whorl, and has no crenulations on the edge
of the outer lip.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 19

MUREX SIMPLEX, n. sp. PL 5, fig. 8.

Shell short, stout; whorls probably five; suture deeply impressed;
varices numerous, very large and broadly rounded, terminating above
near the suture in sharp points ; seven on the body whorl, numerous
coarse raised revolving lines cover the whorls ; aperture small, ellipti-
cal, terminating anteriorly in a nearly closed canal ; outer lip thickened
and crenate within ; three folds appear upon the columella.

Locality. — Bryan's Ferry, Miss.; Vicksburg Group.

This type specimen has retained its former apertures, which give to the
shell a broad termination and a false umbilicus.

TROPHON GRACILIS, n. sp. PL 5, fig. 6.

Shell acuminate, whorls, ten, rounded ; spine high, with three embry-
onic whorls, the first two smooth, the next showing longitudinal varices,
the balance with numerous (in the type nine) strong varices, which are,
when perfect, thin, fringing and sigmoid ; six or more revolving lines cut
the edge of the varices into an equal number of crenulations, these re-
volving lines being strongest at their intersecting points ; aperture
ovate, terminating in a narrow canal which turns strongly to the left and
slightly upward ; outer lip sharp, thickened and crenulated within ;
three slight protuberances on the anterior part of the columella near the
canal.

Locality. — Lower Bed, Wood's Bluff, Ala.

Only two specimens found. This species is more acuminate and has a
shorter canal than is usual in living forms.

TROPHON CAUDATOIDES, n. sp. PL 6, fig. 4.

Shell with numerous varices; whorls seven, uppermost two smooth,
the others angulated by the variceal nodes and crossed by a few revolving
lines, which are rather coarse and somewhat alternate ; one to four thick-
ened lamelliform varices on different specimens at irregular distances
apart. Aperture ovate ; outer lip expanded and crenate within ; col-
umella smooth, twisted below ; canal rather abruptly turned to the left.

Locality. — Hatchetigbee Bluff, Ala.

PSEUDOLIVA UNICARINATA, n. Sp. PL 5, fig. 17.

Shell broadly ovate, whorls seven, sutural line wavy ; spine sharp, the
upper part rising suddenly from the flattened body whorl ; nucleus com-
posed of three smooth embryonic whorls. Body whorl shouldered, bear-

20 Geological Survey of Alabama.

ing large longitudinal ribs pointed at the angle, extending nearly to the
sulcus below, above reaching to the suture, where they abruptly turn to
the left and form rather deep pits betwen them. The carina of the body
whorl has a raised line connecting the pointed part of the tuberculatious ;
all the whorls below the nucleus show the tuberculations ; sulcus rather
deep. No umbilicus ; entire surface covered with very fine revolving
lines.

Locality. — Matthews' Landing, Ala.

Nearest to Pseudoliva tuberculifera Con.; but that species has strong
revolving lines ; its tubercles are lower down on the body whorl, not
sharp ; the sutural part is entirely different, and the shell is besides much
more fusiform.

The pits above mentioned are very small on young specimens, and are
not shown in the figure.

PSEUDOLIVA SCALINA, Heilpr. PL 6, fig. 10.

Pseudoliva scalina, Heilpr. P. A. N. S., p. 371. PI. 20, fig. 12,

1880.

The figures given by Prof. Heilprin do not give a clear idea of this
species. Our figure is from the type, and has been redrawn by Dr. Otto
Meyer. The original, now in the University Cabinet at Tuscaloosa, Ala.,
is from Wood's Bluff, Ala., and is extremely rare there.

At Bell's Landing, on the Alabama River, it occurs of gigantic dimen-
sions. The largest specimen in the University Cabinet is 4T8^ inches
long, and 2^ inches wide. The transverse lines are dim from wear,
the tuberculations are strongly curved to the right, the plaits on top rise
up to the suture of the succeeding whorl abruptly from the shoulder and
are bent to the left.

Very close to Pseudoliva robusta Briart et Cornet, from the Calcaire
Grossier de Mons, France.

TRITON (SIMPULTJM) CONRADIANUS, Aldr. PI. 2, fig. 8.

Triton (Simpulum) Conradianus, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885,
p. 148. PL 2, fig. 8.

Very common in Eastern Mississippi, in the Red Bluff Strata.

RANELLA (ARGOBUCCINUM) TUOMEYI, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 3.

Shell oblong-ovate, canal strongly recurved, bent upward ; whorls seven ;
spire elevated, pointed, the first two whorls smooth, the others cancellated,

Geological Survey of Alabama. 21

the longitudinal lines forming tubercles at intersections ; tubercles sharp,
transverse, strongly developed on the periphery of the body whorl and
next one above, generally three large ones on the body whorl between the
varices; transverse striae numerous, composed of coarse lines, having
three finer ones between, and others between these ; line of growth fine ;
varices strong, pitted on the back side ; suture impressed, slightly
shouldered ; aperture ovate ; outer lip with a strong varix, nine tubercles
within, canal nearly as long as the aperture.

Locality. — Lower bed, Woods' Bluff, Ala.

Young shells show more tubercles between the varices than the type.
Named in honor of the late Prof. Michael Tuomey.

Fusus PEARLENSIS, Aldr. PL 1, fig. 17 a, 17 b.

Fusus Pearlensis, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.
Fusus Boettgeri, Meyer. Am. Jour, of Science, June, 1885. (Name
preoccupied.)

This species has been found to be quite variable.

Fusus MEYERI, Aldr., n. sp. PI. 3, fig. 12.

Shell elongate fusiform ; spire slender, acute ; whorls fourteen ; surface
of the spire and body whorl with seven longitudinal broadly rounded
folds, which are spirally arranged, crossed by raised rounded striae, gen-
erally seven in number, rather distant, the central one making a sharp
carina on the center of each whorl, with erect longitudinal tubercules at
the intersections ; spaces between striae showing only lines of growth ;
canal very long, spirally striated with alternate raised lines; lines of
growth very numerous and almost obsolete ; mouth small, oblong-ovate ;
outer lip incurved, smooth.

Locality. — Lower bed, Woods' Bluff, Ala.; Matthews' Landing, Ala.

The figured type retains four embryonic whorls ; three are smooth, the
fourth longitudinally striate. The Matthews' Landing form is smaller
and even more beautiful. One specimen has the ribs obsolete on the
upper half of the whorls and the periphery armed with erect longitudinal
spines, giving the shell a very strongly carinate form. Fusus Mississip-
piensis, Con., from Vicksburg, resembles this form, but this is more
carinate, with longer canal and spire ; the latter species has many more
revolving lines, and the outer lip is striate internally. Named in honor
of Dr. Otto Meyer.

22 G-eological Survey of Alabama.

Fusus TOMBIGBEENSIS, n. sp. PI. 5, fig. 7.

Shell fusiform ; whorls nine, rounded ; spire high, apex composed of
three embryonic whorls— first two smooth, the next longitudinally ribbed,
balance with about ten rounded ribs, somewhat alternating at the suture,
strongest on the center of each whorl ; whorls crossed by raised rounded
lines, alternate in size and nearly equidistant ; aperture oblong-ovate ;
outer lip crenate within ; canal short, straight, rather open.

Locality. — Woods' Bluff, Ala. ; lower bed.

The type specimen has unfortunately lost its canal, but a, younger
specimen supplied the description. Younger specimens have the whorls
more carinated than in the figured type.

Fusus RUGATUS, n. sp. PL 5, fig. 9.

Shell fusiform, spire high, suture linear ; whorls carinated, concave and
smooth above, rounded below, the periphery of each whorl with numer-
ous tubercles, some of them reaching to a second revolving raised line
below ; the whorl next above the body whorl showing two tuberculated
lines below the carina ; body whorl showing four rows of spinous lines,
contracted rather abruptly below them ; canal covered with distant spiral
rows of sharp spines; aperture small, angulated posteriorly, terminating
in a long, narrow canal.

Locality. — Gregg's Landing, Ala.

The type specimen is broken, but other specimens likewise broken
show a long, narrow canal spirally striated to the end.

FASCIOLARIA JACKSONENSIS, Aldr. PL 2, fig. 12.

Fasciolaria Jacksonensis, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

Dr. O. Meyer considers this species identical with his Turbinella
humilior, American Journal of Science, June, 1885, which he now places
in the genus Latirus. Whether the remarks in his paper constitute a prior
description I leave for others to decide.

FASCIOLARIA PERGRACILIS, n. sp. PL 5, fig. 18.

Shell narrowly fusiform ; spire very slender ; suture impressed ; whorls
thirteen — nucleus composed of three smooth ones, the following seven are
longitudinally ribbed, balance nearly smooth ; two equidistant revolving
grooves (the one nearest the suture the largest) border it throughout.

Canal long, spirally striated ; outer lip smooth ; columella bearing
posteriorly three faint oblique plaits far within the aperture.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 23

Locality. — Gregg's Landing, Ala.
Decidely fusiform in aspect.

LEUCOZONIA BIPLICATA, n. sp. PI. 5, fig. 15.

Shell broadly fusiform ; whorls six — nucleus composed of two smooth
whorls, those remaining covered with revolving, somewhat alternating
raised lines and strong longitudinal ribs, which give the shell an angular
appearance. Outer lip sinuate, thickened internally, finely crenated ;
columella bearing two erect, strong folds, the posterior one nearly twice as
large as the other, below these folds nearly straight.

Aperture terminating in a short, open canal. A small umbilicus nearly
covered by callus.

Locality. — Matthews' Landing, Ala.

BULBIFUSUS PLENUS, n. sp. PI. 6, fig. 7.

Shell broadly fusiform ; whorls probably six, surface on upper whorls
with a few distinct revolving lines, which on the upper part of the body
whorl become faint ; body whorl swollen above, rapidly narrowing below,
where it is spirally striated with alternate raised lines; whorls thickened
and constricted at suture and suddenly rounded ; suture hidden in the
groove thus formed ; surface finely marked with lines of growth ; aperture
oblong-ovate, terminating in a rather broad canal, which turned to the
left ; outer lip slightly crenate within ; columella smooth, no perceptible
callus on posterior part.

Locality. — Bell's Landing, Ala.

Resembles somewhat the Jacksonian species of Clavella, but its whorls
are few, spire low and canal recurved. The apex is worn, but appears
to be blunt.

BULBIFUSUS INAURATUS, Con. PI. 6, fig. 11.

Fusus inauratus, Con. Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 29.

Fusus Fittoni, Lea. Cont. to Geol., p. 150. PL 5, fig. 156.

Bulbifusus inauratus, Con. Cat., 1865.

Figured to show its similarity to the species described below.

BULBIFUSUS TUOMEYI, n. sp. PI. 6, figs. 12, 12 a.

Shell large, bulbiform ; whorls seven ; spire moderate ; body whorl
very large and globose, flattened above and slightly concave, contracted

24 Geological Survey of Alabama.

below and finely striated ; aperture oblong-ovate ; outer lip smooth within ;
columella strongly excavated, canal wide and curved.

Locality. — Bell's Landing, Ala.

This species may only be a strongly marked variety of B. inauratus,
Con., mentioned above, but the younger specimen (12 a) from Gregg's
Landing differs from Conrad's species in having finely revolving lines
over its whole surface, whorls convex, closely appressed at the suture,
while the other has the whorls concave, the lines obsolete on the central
part of body whorl, is shouldered at the suture, which is in a groove, and
generally has the first four whorls of the spire with a row of revolving
nodes above the suture.

NEPTUNEA ENTEROGRAMMA, Gabb. PL 3, fig. 5.

Neptunea enter ogr ammo,, Gabb. J. A. N. S., Phila. Vol. IV., 2d
ser., 1860, p. 378, pi. 67, fig. 14.

This species described from Texas is not uncommon at Lisbon. Gabb's
type was a young shell. The two forms are connected by a series in my

NEPTUNEA CONSTRICT A, n. sp. PL 5, fig. 13.

Shell broadly fusiform, whorls eight, spire high ; suture distinct, whorls
concave and compressed just below the suture ; covered at this point with
fine transverse lines, remaining space smooth. Body whorl large, smooth
below the above-mentioned sutural area, narrowed below into a short,
stout canal which is marked by fine revolving lines. Aperture about two-
thirds the length of shell; outer lip sharp, thickened and crenulate
within ; inner lip concave above, straight below ; callus not heavy.

Locality. — Matthews' Landing, Ala.

This species differs from the previous one mentioned, by its compressed
space below the suture and absence of a sutural groove.

FULGUR TRISERIALIS, Whitf. PL 1, fig. 23 b.

Pyrula Smithii, Sowb. Aldr. in J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

Fulgur triserialis, Whitf. Am. Jour. Conch., 1865, vol. I., p. 260.

On first finding this shell it was supposed to be Pyrula Smithii, Sowb.,
but a comparison since made leads me to consider it distinct. On sub-
mitting specimens to Prof. Chas. E. Beecher, at Albany, N. Y. , he pro-
nounced them identical with the type now in the cabinet of Prof. Hall.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 25

PYRULA JUVENIS, Whitfield. PL 6, fig. 8.

Pyrula juvenis, Whitf. Am. Jour. Conch., vol. I., 1865, p. 259.

Pyrula multangulata, Heilpr. P. A. N. S., 1880, p. 374, pi. 20, fig. 2.

Hitherto unfigured. Prof. Whitfield has kindly furnished me with a
drawing of the type. Common in the lower Tertiary, Bell's Landing,
Gregg's Landing, Nanafalia Group, Matthews' Landing and Woods' Bluff.
It is subject to considerable variation, and is probably the same species
quoted by Prof. Heilprin from Woods' Bluff, Ala., as Pyrula tricostata,
Desh.

PYROPSIS FERULA, n. sp. PL 3. fig. 4.

Shell depressed above, spinous ; whorls seven ; spire flat, showing only
the upper part of the whorls ; suture partially concealed by the spines of
the next succeeding whorl overlapping.

Surface covered with strong, transverse, raised, cordlike lines, which
are armed with short, erect spines on the canal, becoming obsolete at its
base. Spines erect, closed, flaring upward and circling the periphery of
the body whorl, the one nearest the aperture being the largest. Aperture
ovate ; outer lip cut by the transverse lines, smooth within ; labium
strongly reflected, smooth, suddenly expanding at the anterior end of
aperture ; callus becomes thick in old specimens ; canal long and narrow.

Locality. — Wood's Bluff, Ala., in lower bed; also Matthews' Landing,
Ala.

The largest specimen, if perfect, would be (2") two inches broad and
over (4") four inches long.

PISANIA? DUBIA, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 13.

Shell fusiform ; whorls rounded, about eight in number ; spire acute ;
surface covered with equidistant revolving lines, which are broadly
rounded, the spaces between smooth.

Lines of growth obsolete ; the embryonic whorls are smooth. Aperture
oblong-ovate ; canal moderate ; outer lip thickened and striate within ;
inner lip smooth, slightly excavated, thickened and angular at junction
with canal.

Locality. — Lower bed, Wood's Bluff.

The absence of a callosity at the posterior end of the aperture makes
the generic place doubtful.

26 Geological Survey of Alabama.

BUCCINUM MOHRI, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 16, a.

Shell rather solid ; spire high ; apex obtuse ; whorls seven, rounded ;
suture rather shallow ; surface smooth. Lines of growth coarse, showing
on the body whorl. Outer lip strongly reflected, slightly shouldered at
its junction with the body whorl. Aperture semi-lunate nearly two-thirds
the length of the shell, smooth internally, terminating in a short, excised
canal.

Locality. — Lisbon, Ala.

This species has some resemblance to Bucdnum stromboides, Herm., from
the Calcaire Grossier, of Grignon, but lacks the striations on the lower part
of the body whorl, is less swollen in outline, and has a more strongly re-
flected outer lip. Named in honor of Dr. Chas. Mohr, of Mobile, Ala.

COMINELLA HATCHETIGBEENSIS, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 6, a. b.

Shell bucciniform, oblong-ovate ; whorls shouldered, with a depressed
groove at the suture. Spire short, smooth ; apex obtuse. Body whorl
strongly shouldered, contracted below, with numerous revolving lines on
the basal portion, which are obsolete on the middle part ; the center is
flattened, sometimes concave. Aperture oblong-ovate ; outer lip sinuous,
with a distinct, rounded, semi-circular slit on the upper third below the
shoulder, smooth internally ; inner lip smooth, reflected, thickened above
and below.

Locality. — Hatchetigbee Bluff. In two different horizons there.

This peculiar form has such a distinct slit in the outer lip (fig. 6), that it
may deserve a subgeneric place, though it resembles the living Cominella
maculata, Marty n, from New Zealand. In one specimen the shoulder of
the body whorl rises so as to almost hide the succeeding whorl, giving the
shell a triangular form.

COMINELLA STRIATA, n. sp. PL 5, fig. 4.

Shell ovate, fusiform ; whorls five to six, with fine, transverse lines,
shouldered. Suture in a depressed groove. Lines of growth sinuous,
giving the shell rather a rough exterior. Body whorl contracted rapidly
from the center toward the base. Striae coarser on the basal portion ; spire
about one-third the length of the shell ; apex blunt ; aperture oblong-
ovate, smooth within. Columella broadly reflected; canal produced
canaliculate at base.

Locality.— Hatchetigbee Bluff, Ala.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 27

Differs from the previous species by being striate, its more produced
spire and fusiform shape.

The outer tip is broken away, but the lines of growth indicate a semi-
circular slit, as in the former species.

PHOS VICKSBURGENSIS, Aldr. PL 2, fig. 9.
Buccinum Vicksburgensis, Aldr. J. C. 8. N. 8., July, 1885.
Changed to the genus Phos, Prof. Heilprin having indicated its proper
place to me.

NASSA CALLI, n. sp. PI. 5, fig. 5.

Shell oblong-ovate ; spire elevated ; whorls seven, shouldered, and
rounded at suture, with a number of revolving lines just below central
part of body whorl ; smooth, with five or six striations on the base.
Aperture oblong-ovate; labrum crenulate within; a strong fold on the
columella at the anterior end of aperture, a number of crenulations above
this within the opening.

A thick, well-defined callus spreading over the body whorl, thicker
posteriorly.

Locality. — Lisbon, Ala.

Named in honor of my friend Prof. R. E. Call, of the State University,
at Columbia, Mo.

TURBINELLA (CARICELLA) RETICULATA, Aldr. PL 2, fig. 4, a. b, C.

Turbinella (Caricella) reticulata, Aldr. J. C. 8. N. H., July, 1885.
Since found in lower strata.

TURBINELLA BACULUS, n. sp. PL 6, fig. 2, a.

Shell robust, broadly fusiform ; whorls five — two forming a nucleus,
next two cancellated. Body whorl large and globose; revolving striae
alternately coarse and fine, well marked, while the longitudinal ones on it
become faint.

Aperture over half the length of the shell ; outer lip smooth ; columella
with two nearly equal erect plaits ; callus thin, spreading ; canal short,
open and recurved. No umbilicus.

Locality. — Bell's Landing, Ala.

A specimen in the State Collection is over twice as large as the type,
but imperfect.

28 Geological Survey of Alabama.

VOLUTA SHOWALTERI, n. sp. PI. 3, fig. 14.

Shell oval, oblong ; whorls five ; spire blunted ; surface smooth and
shining; lines of growth hardly perceptible ; suture moderately impressed.

Body whorl and next succeeding shouldered, bearing thereon numerous
small tubercles ; above the shoulder they are concave.

Aperture two-thirds the length of the shell ; columella four plated —
the upper one transverse, the middle ones oblique and larger. Outer lip
smooth.

Locality. — Matthews' Landing, Ala.

This species is a true Volute, and belongs to the section Vespertilio
Klein— Rare.

Named in honor of Dr. E. R. Sho waiter, of Point Clear, Ala.

MITRA HATCHETIGBEENSIS, n. sp. PL 6, fig. 3.

Narrow fusiform ; whorls about ten ; suture impressed ; nucleus smooth ;
upper whorls longitudinally ribbed, carinate at their center and tubercu-
lated ; the body whorl slightly concave above, with transverse tubercles ;
whole surface covered with fine, revolving lines.

Aperture narrow nearly half the length of the shell; outer lip smooth ;
columella straight, with three nearly equal oblique plaits.

Locality. — Hatchetigbee Bluif, Ala.

ANCILLARIA EXPANSA, n. sp. PL 5, fig. 11.

Shell large, ovate, flattened above ; whorls about seven , spire moderate ;
the youngest whorls encircled by a row of tubercles ; suture impressed,
covered with a thin callus. Upper whorls and the upper third of the body
whorl flattened, then rather abruptly rounded and regularly diminishing
toward the base, where it is bounded by a large basal groove.

Aperture oblong-ovate; outer lip thick, a callosity at the posterior;
columella smooth, covered with callus, and somewhat twisted. No um-
bilicus ; no sulcus visible.

Locality. — Lisbon, Ala.

Faint traces of revolving color lines remain.

EXPLERITOMA, nov. gen.

"Shell rounded-elliptical ; suture linear ; whorls few ; a ; all sulcus on
the basal part of the body whorl ; base canaliculate.

Aperture either filled in or contracted to half the original size by

Geological Survey of Alabama. 29

a thickened, circular peristome. Umbilicus generally covered by this
deposit.

Has a general resemblance to the genus Pterocheilos, Moore, by reason
of its peculiar aperture. This deposit or filling in is not accidental, as
Dr. O. Meyer has, in his collection, a very young shell of similar form,
either the same or an allied species, showing the same peculiarity. It is
from the Claiborne sand-bed.

This young shell has the umbilicus exposed, but the aperture is even
more filled in than my type specimen, and the spire is flattened. This
genus would be next to Ancillaria in the Aneillarince.

EXPLERITOMA PRIMA, n. Sp. PL 5, fig. 1.

Shell rounded-elliptical ; surface probably smooth ; spire moderate ;
whorls, four to six ; a well defined but small sulcus upon the lower half
of the body whorl ; base canaliculate, but filled up with a deposit from
the aperture.

Aperture elliptical, about one-half the indicated size, caused by a thick
deposit covering the whole peristome, except a small space on the outer

HP.

Locality. — Branch of Satilpa Creek, Ala., in ferruginous sand-bed of
Claiborne Group.

Only one specimen found, and that is considerably eroded. The back
of the shell looks like a specimen of Ancillopsis subglobosa, Con.

PLEUROTOMA HEILPRINI, Aldr. PL 1, fig. 15.
Pleurotoma Heilprini, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

PLEUROTOMA AMERICANA, Aldr. PL 1, fig. 16.

Triforis Americanus, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

Prof. Heilprin pronounces this species, which I described as a Triforis,
to be a reversed Pleurotoma. While the lines showing the slit are not
very apparent, yet, in deference to his opinion, the change is made. It
is so different from most of the Triforis group, that it is much more likely
to be nearer its true place than before. As the shell is quite common in
Jackson, and always reversed, it is probably a good species.

PLEUROTOMA ANITA, Aldr. PL 2, fig. 3.
P. anita, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

30 G-eological Survey of Alabama.

PLEUROTOMA LONGIFORMA, Aldr. PL 2, fig. 10, a. b.
P. longiforma, Aldr. J. C. 8. N. H., July, 1885.

PLEUROTOMA PEREXILIS, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 2.

Shell slender, acuminate; whorls eight, convex, surface covered by
revolving lines, which in some places have finer ones between, especially
on the lower half of the shell. Lines of growth faint, very distinct
under a glass ; suture bordered below by an impressed line ; slit wide and
shallow ; aperture half the length of the shell.

Locality. — Moody's Branch, Jackson, Miss.

This species is exactly the shape and appearance of Pleuro venusta,
Heilprin, but, on submitting the above specimen to Prof. Heilprin, he
stated it to be distinct, as P. venusta has its revolving lines arranged in
pairs. The type specimen belonged to the National Museum, but on
sending our shell there it could not be found, so a comparison could not
be made.

PLEUROTOMA EXILLOIDES, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 9.

Shell slender; spire high; whorls ten, rounded, slightly shouldered
below the suture ; a rather strong impressed line just below, with fainter
ones still lower.

The first four or five whorls of the apex smooth, the others transversely
striate, striations very closely set on the body whorl. Slit nearly semi-
circular ; outer lip gently curved ; columella bent ; canal short, curved to
the right.

Locality. — Lower bed, Wood's Bluff, Ala.

This species is close to P. perexilis, above described, but differs in the
breadth of the body whorl, and the slight shouldering of the same. The
slit is larger, and the revolving lines much fainter.

PLEUROTOMA TOMBIGBEENSIS, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 10.

Shell large, rather thick and solid, fusiform ; whorls eleven ; suture
impressed ; the spire regularly acuminate ; the upper whorls flattened ;
lower ones constricted below the suture.

Body whorl constricted about the center, tapering regularly toward
the beak ; a large number of fine sinuous revolving lines upon this lower
part.

Aperture less than half the length of the shell ; slit small, situated at
the lower part of the sutural constriction, its outer edge rising up and

Geological Survey of Alabama. 31

rounded ; canal moderate, open, bent a little to the right ; columella with
a reflected callus near the the beak.

Locality.— Lower bed, Wood's Bluff, Ala.

On younger specimens the constriction below the suture is obsolete,
being replaced by a few faint revolving lines. Resembles P. longiforma
nob'is, but in some respects differs. It is much more fusiform, heavier,
the body whorl much more tapering below. The aperture gradually
diminishes anteriorly, while in the first-mentioned species, and in P.
Gabbi, Con., the canal is long and slender.

PLEUROTOMA TUOMEYI, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 11.

Shell narrow, fusiform; spire high; whorls twelve, the first three
rounded and smooth, next with revolving lines, and the balance strongly
carinated with two or more revolving lines some distance apart, with
numerous fine ones between, these last alternate. Suture bounded below
by a fine raised line ; surface, from first carination to suture, concave,
showing exceedingly fine but distinct lines of growth, which spread over
the whole shell.

Body whorl with two strong raised carina, the upper one sometimes
double, with lesser lines below, alternating with a number of finer ones.
Slit narrow, deep and rounded, situated between the raised sutural line
and the first carination. Aperture oblong, narrow, terminating in a long,
straight canal ; beak slightly turned to the left.

Locality. — Lower bed, Wood's Bluff, Ala.

The largest specimen measured 1^" in length — a beautifully orna-
mented shell, quite rare. Prof. Michael Tuomey was the first to visit
this locality, where so many of these new species come from.

PLEUROTOMA (ANCISTROSYRIKX) COLUMBARIA, n. sp. PI. 6, fig. 9.

Shell small, fusiform; whorls ten; the nucleus smooth, composed of
three whorls; the remaining seven shouldered, and armed with erect
spines rising above the edge of the shoulder, giving to the shell a pagoda
form; upper part of whorls smooth, concave, with a faint broken line
just below the suture, composed of longitudinal strise ; lower part of the
whorls with nine or ten coarse alternate revolving rows of rounded tuber-
cles, which extend over the spines. Slit rather large, semicircular.

Locality. — Dry Creek, Jackson, Miss.

The body whorl is broken away, rendering it impossible to complete
the description. Closely resembles Fusus pagoda, Lesson, a living Philip-

32 Geological Survey of Alabama.

pine Island shell. Having submitted this specimen to Prof. Dall, he pro-
nounces it a good species, and belonging to the group Ancistrosyrinx,
instituted by him, characterized by a sharp nucleus, and having the last
whorl keeled.

CONUS (CONORBIS) ALATOIDEU8, Aldr. PI. 2, fig. 11.

0. alatoideus, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

STROMBUS SMITHII, Aldr. PL 2, fig. 6.

S. Smithii; Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

APHORAIS GRACILIS, n. sp. PL 5, fig. 14.

Shell fusiform, whorls eight, spire high; embryonic whorls smooth,
the others to the body whorl with longitudinal ribs which curve to the
left into the suture and are crossed by fine revolving lines ; body whorl
expanded into a broad outer lip, furnished with two digitations, the pos-
terior one the largest, rising in some specimens into a long, sharp point,
strongly grooved to the apex. The outer lip extends up the spire to the
top of the body whorl only ; the groove in the anterior digitation rather
faint; surface of body whorl with two revolving carina marking these
grooves and covered with faint revolving lines ; aperture small, inner lip
with a spreading callus; canal moderate, terminating in a sharp point
slightly recurved.

Locality. — Gregg's Landing, Ala.

Quite common ; the digitations are subject to considerable variation,
the younger forms have only the posterior one.

The embryonic apex is missing in every specimen. One example ha*
made a double outer lip ; the posterior digitations lying over each other
and distinct; the anterior ones coalescent.

CYPR^EA SPHEROIDES, Con. J. A. N. S., 2d ser., p. 113. PL 11,
fig. 6.

A young specimen of this Vicksburg form is in my collection from tht
Claiborne Sand.

CYPR^EA LINTEA, Con. PL 5, fig. 2.

The original figure does not show any fine lines, and the description
says with four approximate equal impressed lines. I therefore figured
this form as new : but on examining the type at Philadelphia Academy,

Geological Survey of Alabama. 33

it proved to be like the species figured. There is some confusion here
which needs further investigation.

CYPR^EA SMITHII, n. sp. PI. 5, fig. 3.

Shell oblong-ovate, rather flat, surface smooth ; labrum crenulate
within, smooth on the base and flattened, reflected somewhat and raised
above base of shell ; aperture slightly crenulate within, expanded below.

Locality. — Gregg's Landing, Ala.

Named in honor of Dr. Eugene A. Smith, of Tuscaloosa, Ala.

CASSIS (SEMICASSIS) SHUBUTENSIS, Aldr. PI. 2, figs. 5a, b.
Cassis (Semieassis) shubutensis, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

CASSIDARIA BREVIDENTATA, Aldr. PL 1, fig. '20.

Cassidaria brevidentata, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.
Cassidaria earinata, Lam. (Aldr.) J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

In the article published in 1885, the first-mentioned form was given a
new name on account of a strong varix, and the second form given
Lamarck's name. Upon comparison with the French shell, I have found
differences enough to place our shell in another species, and unite it to
C. brevidentata, Nobis, although it has no varix and is much more
ponderous.

CASSIDARIA DUBIA, Aldr. PL 1, fig. 21.

Cassidaria dubia, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

NATICA RECURVA, n. sp. PL 5, fig. 10.

Shell large, globose, smooth, whorls six, spire low ; suture channeled,
that part of the whorls within this groove concave, rising to a shoulder.
Body whorl very large, flattened on upper part, abruptly rounded below
the umbilicus ; aperture semilunar, rounded anteriorly and narrowed at
the posterior part ; callus thick, spreading over the body whorl and par-
tially covering the umbilicus. Umbilicus large, deep, striated within, a
thickened callus or rib proceeding from the lower edge of the outer lip,
and rounding into the umbilicus.

Locality. — Lisbon, Ala.

The type shows on the body whorl traces of numerous revolving color
lines.

34 Geological Survey of Alabama.

CAPULUS COMPLECTUS, n. sp. PI. 6, figs. 1, 1 a.

Shell flattened, irregular in form ; whorls three, the first two forming
a spiral on the body whorl ; surface finely striated with concentric lines.
Interior edged ; a large horseshoe muscular impression, very slightly im-
pressed, shows the generic position.

Localities. — Wood's Bluff Group, Hatchitigbee, and Lisbon, Ala.

Found occupying the cavities of other shells. Young specimens might
readily be mistaken for Velutina; older forms resemble an operculum.
In young shells the nucleus is about central; in older forms on the right
side; looks like Pileopsis squamce/o^mis, Lam., from the Paris basin.

No. 1 is from Wood's Bluff ; 1 a. from Hatchetigbee.

SCALARIA WHITFIELDI, Aldr. PI. 1, tig. 18.
Scalaria Whitfieldi, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

SCALARIA OCTOLINEATA, Con. PI. 1, fig. 22.

See the Jour. Gin. Soc.' Nat. Hist, for notes upon this species.

TURRITELLA BELL1FERA, Aldr. PI. 1, fig. 13.

Prof. Heilprin considers this form as a variety of T. humerosa, Con.,
but I prefer to let it remain pending a .careful review of these difficult
forms.

CERITHIUM LANGDONI, Aldr. PL 1, fig. 14.
Cerithium Langdoni, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

CERITHIUM TOMBIGBEENSE, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 7.

Shell elongated, whorls probably twelve ; suture distinct, situated in a
depressed space ; surface of the uppermost whorls smooth, those follow-
ing transversely striated — the lower ones, with numerous oblique longi-
tudinal ribs, rising into tubercles upon the center of the body whorl and
the two next above ; a wavy line just below the suture, making a slight
shoulder to the whorls. Lines of growth sigmoid, fine and numerous
upon the body whorl, obsolete above. Aperture ovate, outer lip reflected
below, making a short, open canal.

Locality.— Wood's Bluff, Ala.

Only one specimen found ; the mouth is broken away, rendering it im-
possible to determine its generic position absolutely. The apex is also
missing, but is probably sharp. Suggests the genus Melania.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 35

MELANOPSIS CHOCTAVENSIS, n. sp. PI 3, fig. 8.

Shell oblong-ovate ; whorls six, shouldered ; spire obtuse, the upper
part generally plicate ; suture impressed distinct. Body whorl constricted
below the shoulder, smooth on the main part ; fine revolving lines below
and often a few on the shoulder, sometimes continuing to the apex just
below the suture. Aperture oblong-ovate, canaliculate at base; outer
lip smooth, slightly thickened within ; columella with a thickened and
reflected callus.

Localities. — Hatchetigbee, Butler, Choctaw County, Ala.

Resembles closely the figure of Melanopsis quadrata, Con., from the
Miocene. It is rather variable in form, very common at the typical
locality (Hatchetigbee).

MELANOPSIS ANITA, n. sp. PL 5, fig. 12.

Shell ovate, spire short, surface smooth, body whorl large; aperture
large, angular posteriorly, caused by a thick deposit of callus ; outer lip
sharp, thin ; callus reflected below, terminating in a small excision.

Locality. — Gregg's Landing, Ala.

This species differs from Melanopsis Choctawemis, above described, by
its not having a caniculate aperture below the lower spire, and having a
larger aperture.

TROCHUS ALABAMENHIS, n. sp. PI. 5, fig. 16.

Shell trochiform, whorls seven, suture deeply impressed; surface marked
with four to six strong, revolving lines, with finer ones between, crossed
by numerous fine longitudinal striations, which are strongest at the inter-
secting points ; base of the body whorl with finer lines. Umbilicus deep,
defined by a sharp carina ; aperture rounded ; outer lip crenate on its
edge, the crenulations running some distance within ; inner lip smooth.

Locality. — Matthews' Landing, Ala.

Generally is smaller than the type ; not rare.

SCAPHANDER PRIMUS, Aldr. PI. 2, fig. 7 a, b.
Scaphander primus, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

HAMINEA GRANDIS, n. sp. PI. 3, fig. 1.

Shell large, very thin, broadly ovate, summit rounded, with a deep pit
marking the position of the spire. Surface covered with narrow, trans-
verse stria*,, with rounded spaces between ; spaces below the renter agrain

36 Geological Survey of Alabama.

subdivided by more shallow lines, closer set as the base is approached, but
nearly obsolete at apex ; lower extremity obliquely but broadly rounded ;
aperture rather large, nearly equal in width as far as shown. Inner lip
represented by an exceedingly thin lamina, reflected, showing in the type
a narrow, oblique umbilicus.

Locality.— Bunker Hill, La.; Jackson Group.

This species is the largest yet described from the Southern Tertiary.
The specimen is partly a cast ; substance of shell is thinner than ordinary
writing-paper. The lines of growth and transverse stride are well shown
on cast.

HAMINEA ALDRICHI, Langdon.

Bulla (Haminea) Aldrichi, Langdon. Am. Jour. Sti., March, 1886.
BuUa biumbilicata, Mr. P. A. N. S., Philadelphia, 1884, fig. p. 110.

Dr. Meyer's name is preoccupied by Deshayes' in Des Animaux sans
vertebres dans Le Bassin de Paris, Atlas, vol. 2, pi. 39, figs. 33, 34 and
35. It is quite likely, however, that this shell may prove to be the true
biumbilicata of Deshayes.

PELECYPODA.

TEREDO CIRCULA, n. sp.

Consisting of a long, circular, shelly sheath, terminating at the smaller
end in two siphons, which are also nearly circular in section. These
siphons are partially separated in one specimen, and one is larger than
the other; substance of the sheath rather thick ; shell smooth at the outer
end and annulated and enlarged at the further end. Generally straight
or only slightly contorted.

Localities.— Choctavf Bluff, Ala., and Wayne County, Miss., in White
Limestone ; Vicksburg Group.

Found boring in the limestone in great numbers, standing vertically ;
the valves not found. Mentioned in previous article as Aspergillum
tubes, but having since visited Choctaw Bluff and found the terminal
tubes, I have ventured to give it a name. No imbricated ledges found
in any of the specimens.

PHOLAS ALATOIDEA, n. sp. PI 4, figs. 9, 9 b, 9 c.

Shell elongate, cylindrical, posterior end concentrically striated, ante-

Geological Survey of Alabama. 37

rior half of the shell crossed with raised radial lines forming imbrica-
tions, which grow stronger as we approach this end. Anterior dorsal
margin winged, this part showing only the continued concentric lines ;
umbonial processes large, reflected; anterior ventral margin strongly
notched. Internal process broad, spatulate.

Localities. — Gregg's Landing and Bell's Landing, Ala.

This shell was no doubt the one found by Prof. Tuomey and given in
his list of species at Bell's Landing under the name of Pholas Roperiana.
He never described it ; the figure (9) nine is erroneously numbered 4' by
the lithographer.

MARTESIA ELONGATA, n. sp. PI. 4, fig. 10.

Shell gaping above, elongated, sub-cylindrical; the anterior and cen-
tral part of surface marked with concentric ribs, balance of posterior
smooth. A strongly impressed groove running from the beaks to the
ventral margin, the concentric ribs being more prominent on the sides of
this groove.

Beaks strongly recurved toward the anterior, situated close to this
end, which is truncate.

Locality. — Yellow Bluff, Ala., Bell's Landing Group.

This species was taken from a piece of lignite by D. W. Langdon, Jr.
The shell has the markings of the dorsal accessory plate.

SOLEN LISBONENSIS, n. sp. PI. 4, fig. 4.

Shell linear, nearly straight ; posterior sub-truncate ; anterior obliquely
rounded with a depressed space behind running to the beaks; lines of
growth prominent, bending at right angles along a line running obliquely
from the beaks to the junction of the posterior and ventral margins.
Anterior widely gaping.

Locality. — Lisbon, Ala., just above the Buhrstone.

MACHA VICKSBURGENSIS, Aldr. PL 2, fig. 1.

Solecurtus Vicksburgensis, Aldr. J. C. S. N. H., July, 1885.

PANOP^EA PORRECTOIDES, n. sp. PL 4, fig. 3.

Shell thin, oblong, ventricose ; surface marked by lines of growth ; an-
terior side expanded, posterior produced. Ventral margin nearly
straight. Beaks incurved, pointed, wrinkled by lines of growth. The

38 Geological Survey of Alabama.

posterior end widely gaping, and has a wedge-shaped appearance. Tooth
strong, blunt below, sharp above ; hinge line short.
Locality.— Baker's Bluff, Ala., Ferr. Sand Bed.

The differences between this form and the Miocene P. porrecta, Con.,
are very slight. Left valve figured.

PRIMA, n. sp. PI. 6, fig. 14.

Shell rotund, covered with rounded, close-set concentric stride ; poste-
rior with four radiating ribs ; anterior part smooth. Rostrum moderate,
narrow, rounded, with a concave, almost triangular space between it and
the body of the shell, the end curving upward ; ventral margin hollowed
out ; dorsal margin rising slightly above the hinge line. Cartilage pit,
minute, bent inward in left valve, which also has the posterior muscular
impression strongly defined by a rib on the inner side running to the dor-
sal margin ; hinge line nearly straight.

Locality. — Wood's Bluff, Ala. (lower bed).

ALTERNATA, n. sp. PL 6, fig. 15.

Shell small, moderately rotund, covered with very fine concentric lines ;
rostrum short, obtuse, rounded on top and angulated on dorsal margin ;
lines of growth becoming lamellar on its surface. Hinge line and dorsal
line of rostrum straight. Cartilage pit minute, narrow, oblique and
close under the beaks.

Locality. — Lisbon, Ala.

Distinguished from the preceding species by its lack of radiating ribs,
smoother surface, and is much less rotund. Has a strong resemblance to
the recent Necera lamellosa, Sars.

PHOLADOMYA CLAIBORNENSIS, n. sp. PI. 4, fig. 5.

Shell exceedingly thin, pearly, concentrically ribbed, crossed by radial
lines, which are strong on the umbones ; beak high, very prominent close
to the anterior end of shell, anterior truncated abruptly ; posterior pro-
duced, flattened on the upper part; lunule long and narrow, smooth;
hinge raised, prominent.

Locality. — Lisbon, and beds at base of Claiborne Bluff, Ala.

This species is close to P. Marylandica, Con., but appears to differ from
that species in height of beaks and their more anterior position, beside?
being abruptly truncated and posterior flattened.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 39

ASTARTE CONRADI, Dana, sp. PL 4, fig. 7.

Shell thin, oblong-ovate, concentrically wrinkled with broad, rounded
plaits, concavities between nearly smooth. Covering the whole surface
are fine, concentric lines, stronger on top of the plications; beaks flat-
tened, blunt, and turned toward the anterior; lunule heart-shaped, sep-
arated by an indistinct ridge ; hinge line nearly straight.

Localities. — Lisbon, Coffeeville, and beds at base of Claiborne Bluff,
Ala.

The dentition removes this species to Lwtraria. Prof. Marsh, at the
request of Prof. J. D. Dana, has kindly allowed me to examine the type
specimens. The one figured by Prof. Dana has been considerably dis-
torted by pressure, and therefore misled Prof. Heilprin, who considered
it a young Crassatella alta, Con. I figure the normal form. Ranges from
the calcareous sand-bed down to the Buhrstone. The largest specimen
found measures nearly two inches in length. Very close to L. lapidosa,
Con.

CYTHEREA HATCHETIGBEENSIS, n. sp. PL 4, fig. 1.

Shell rather thick, inflated, subrotund, transversely striate — the differ-
ent periods of growth marked by a dropping down of the concentric lamina,
giving a ridge-like appearance ; uinbones swollen ; beaks elevated ; lateral
tooth in left valve transverse, conical and strong ; ligament short-curved ;
excavation of the pallial impression angular ; margin of the shell entire,
thickened in some specimens.

Locality. — Hatchetigbee Bluff, Ala., beneath the Buhrstone.

Prof. A. Heilprin considers this shell as C. discoidalis, Con., but that
is described as having the inner margin crenulate, while this is smooth.
Conrad's species has never been figured.

CARDIUM HATCHETIGBEENSE, n. sp. PL 4, figs. 12, 12a, I2b.

Shell large, subquadrate, ventricose with about thirty-two ribs; ribs
flattened oval, with the scars of spines visible along their center, a few
coarse, flattened, triangular spines remaining on the posterior and anterior ;
largest on the posterior, which is subtruncate, the largest rib forming the
angle ; marginal serrature largest at the angle. The flattened spaces
between the ribs are equal in width to the ribs and nearly smooth, show-
ing faintly the lines of growth. Cardinal teeth in left valve double — the
lower one the largest, very strong and erect.

Locality. — Hatchetigbee Bluff, Ala.

40 Geological Survey of Alabama.

CARDIUM TUOMEYI, n. sp. PI. 4, figs. 33, 13a.

Shell ovate, thick through the umbones ; ribs numerous, about forty -
four in number, flattened above and indented with scars of spines ; spaces
between the ribs much smaller than the ribs themselves ; a few small,
scattered spines near the beaks, which are central and raised ; muscular
scars strongly marked.

Locality. — Nanafalia, Ala.

Differs from the previous species described by its more numerous ribs,
more rounded form, smaller spines and thicker shell. The figure 13a
shows the teeth of the left valve.

CARDIUM EUFAULENSE, Con. PI. 6, fig. 5.

A cretaceous fossil (or described as such) received from Dr. William
Spillman, of Mississippi. Probably an error in locality.

VERTICORDIA EOCENSIS, Langdon. PL 6, fig. 13.
V. eocemis, Langdon. Am. Jour. Sri., March, 1886.

Figured at the request of Mr. Langdon.

ISucuLA MONROENSIS, n. sp. PL 4, fig. 2.

Shell ovate-elliptical, subangular behind ; surface covered with raised
concentric ribs, sharp on their upper edge and slope downward toward
the ventral margin ; beaks recurved ; lunule faintly marked, but large ;
cavity of the shell rather deep ; margin crenulated.

Locality. — Calcareous sand-bed lower part of Claiborne Section, Monroe
County, Ala.

CUCULL^EA TRANSVERSA, Rogers. PL 4, fig. 11, lla.

The figure is from a specimen found at Gregg's Landing, Ala. Very
large individuals two and one-half inches in length occur. Prof. Heil-
prin has placed the genus Cucullcea in Area as a subgenus, and changes
the name of this species to C. Rogersi, because the name transversa is pre-
occupied in Area; but as both Try on and Zittel consider the genus a good
one, the old name ought to stand.

PECTEN (PLEURONECTIA) ALABAMENSIS, n. sp. PL 4, fig. 8.

Shell small, suborbicular ; upper valve covered with equidistant con-
centric lines which run over upon the anterior ear ; a few raised radial
lines upon the center and anterior side ; ears small ; right valve nearly

Geological Survey of Alabama. 41

smooth ; within both valves eight raised prominent rounded ribs, becom-
ing obsolete as they approach the beak.

Locality. — Matthews' Landing, Ala.

Seems to unite Pleuroiiectia and Pecten. One specimen shows con-
centric strise and ribs in the younger part of the shell, these becoming
obsolete toward the ventral margin. The enlarged figure gives a view of
the interior.

ANOMIA EPHIPPIOIDES, GABB., VAR., LISBONENSIS, new var. PI. 4,

fig. 6.

Shell thin, pearly, suborbicular; upper valve smooth, slightly Wrinkled
on the umbo ; lines of growth distant, hinge line doubly sigmoid, the
extremities winged. Muscular scars indistinct.

Locality. — Lisbon and beds at base of Claiborne Bluff.

The type is externally marked with broad radiating bands of color.
On comparison with A. ephippioides, Gabb., it appears much larger and
more transverse; that species is not smooth externally, and is often plicate.
It occupies the same horizon however.

OSTREA JOHNSONI, n. sp. PL 6, fig. 6.

Shell large, thick ; both valves convex ; beaks pointed in lower valve ;
breadth of shell greater than length ; both valves strongly plicate, gen-
erally with six folds, the plications becoming very deep with age, the
concave part between the two basal folds, running out into a long curved
tongue ; surfaces strongly laminated, laminae terminating at edge of shell ;
attachment scar not visible ; ligamental area with a rather deep trans-
versely striated furrow in the lower valve, shallower and broad in the
upper; muscular scar, large nearest the base and posterior margin; curved,
spatulate, nearly straight on upper side.

Locality. — Monroe County Calc. Sand-bed, Claiborne and Lisbon,
Ala., also Newton, Miss.

Named in honor of Lawrence C. Johnson, of the U. S. Geological
Survey. This form seems to be confined to the Lower Claibornian above
the Buhrstone.

PART II.

Geological Distribution ai)d Localities of Species,

When the species mentioned are in my cabinet, or that of the State
University or quoted from some previous author, appropriate signs are
used as follows :

My cabinet, .....

State collection, ... . . . J

Prof. A. Heilprin, . . f

T.A.Conrad, ... . . ||

S. G. Morton, ... §

Dr. O. Meyer, ... • • If

Nearly all the species, however, are either in the State University
cabinet or my own. For the stratigraphical succession of the different
groups, the reader is referred to Dr. E. A. Smith's explanatory article
accompanying this report.

TABLE 1.
WHITE LIMESTONE GROUP.

This formation needs more careful examination, especially in its upper
beds. The western part of Alabama shows the beginning of the change
that takes place in Mississippi. The most peculiar "find" in connection
with this group is the presence of Ven. planicosta, Lam. One large
valve was found on the top of a high Limestone hill, five miles north of
Claiborne, by the writer.

Many of the shells exist only as casts, rendering the absolute deter-
mination almost impossible.

Following the names, column one shows those found in the vicinity of
Claiborne.

Geological Survey of Alabama.

43

2. those found at a locality in Clark County, Ala., S. 35, T. 9, R.
6, called ''The Rocks."

3. Choctaw Bluff, Clarke County, Ala., the most southerly ex-
tension of the Tertiary on the Alabama River.

4. St. Stephens' Bluff, on Tombigbee River. The column on the left
shows whether the species is in my cabinet or not.

My Cabinet.

Name.

Q

a

"o o

!as

.2

- gj
JP

ij

03 O
0^!

rl

+

4-
^>
+

+
4

•«

-t-

J.

+•
-(-

Choctaw Bin ft1,
Ala.

St. Stephen's.

Reraarks.

*
#
*

•

*
*

*
#
*
•*
#
tt
•x-
tt

*

*
•*
*
#

*

*
*

*
*

*
*
*

Nautilus A.labani6nsis Mor

1

*

g

f

*

-X-

*
*

S

*
*
*

4
*
•X-

-:;-
-X-

*

*
X

*

*

#

•;{•

K
I

*

M 1SS.

Cyprsea fsnestralis Con •••«

Scalaria sp« ....«.«••

Conus saurid6ns ^ Con (cast)

Turrit6lla sp (impr6ssion)

Pectcn pcrplanus Mor ....

* Poulsoni M^or ••• •• *

' G6orgiana. Con

« Lyelli Con .

The massive coral is also found at Central Salt Works, Ala., where it
comprise* the greater part of a hill over one hundred feet high.

44

Geological Survey of Alabama.

TABLE II.

Fossils from the " Ferruginous Sand-bed" (Claiborne sand) at base of
Baker's Bluff, one mile above St. Stephen's Bluff, on Tombigbee River.
As the stratigraphical position of this locality has been disputed, this
table is here given :

Pseudoliva vetusta, Con.
Aucillopsis subglobosa, Con.
Trochita trochiformis, Lam.
Melongena alveata, Con.
Rostellaria (Calyptrophorus) alveata,

Con.

Oliva Alabamensis, Con.
Aucillaria staminea, Con.
Cylichna galba, Con.
Turbinella pyruloides, Con.
Voluta petrosa, Con.
Caricella doliata, Con.
Tornatella bella, Con.
Crepidula lirata, Con.
Hipponyx pygrnsea, Lea.
Bulla biumbilicata, Mr.
Solarium elegans, Lea.
Dentalium thalloides, Con.
Mesalia obruta, Con.
" striata, Lea.
Cadulus, sp.
Pleurotoma Desnoyersi? Lea.

elaborata? Lea.
Natica limula, Con.

" setites, Con.
Cerithium, sp.?
Mitra fusoides, Lea.
Aetoeon pygmaeus, Lea.

Pecten Deshayesii, Lea.

The Claiborne Sand-bed also occurs bearing the identical species found
at the typical locality at
Stave Creek, Ala., S. 18, T. 7, R. 2, E.
Satilpa Creek, Clark County.
Allen's Creek, Clark County.
At Mr. White's in Monroe County.
These localities will be reviewed in a final report.

Venericardia alticosta, Con. (transversa,
" rotunda, Lea. Lea.)

" Sillirnani, Lea.

Avicula limula, Con.
Cytherea Poulsoni, Con.
" perovata, Con.
" aequorea, Con.
Crassatella protexta, Con.

" alta, Con.
Astarte Nicklinsii, Lea.

" sulcata, Lea.
Leda protexta, Con.

" plicata, Lea.
Corbula oniscus, Con. var. carinata,

" nasuta, Con. [Con.

Area rhomboidella, Lea.
Pectunculus stamineus, Con.
Nucula magninca, Con.
Egeria rotunda, Lea.
Lucina papyracea, Lea.

" subvexa, Con.
Panopsea porrectoides, Aldr.

Endopachys maclurii, Lea.
Flabellum, sp.

Diacoflustrellaria Bouei, Lea.
Capularia discoidea, Lea.
Heteractis Duclosii, Lea.
Lunulites interstitia, Lea.

Geological Survey of Alabama.

45

TABLE III.

MIDDLE AND LOWER CLAIBORNIAN.

This list includes all the strata between the Calcareous Sand-bed and
the next group beneath (Hatchetigbee) . There are three horizons in the
Claibornian, which are rich in fossils and present features peculiar to
each.

1st. The famous Claiborne "Furruginous Sand."

2d. The bed near the base of the Claiborne Bluff called the ''Cal-
careous Sand-bed."

3d. The Lisbon strata down to the Buhrstone.

Excepting the Buhrstone, all the localities given below belong to the
second and third horizons — as follows :

Horizon of the Calcareous Sand-bed.

1. Calc. sand-bed proper at Claiborne.

2. T. A. Rumbley's, Monroe County, Ala.

3. Coffee ville Landing, Ala.

4. Near Barry town, Ala.

Lisbon Horizon.

5. No. 9, Claiborne section (Am. Jour. Sci., October, 1885, and above
in Dr. Smith's Summary).

6. No. 10, Claiborne section.

7. Lisbon, in general.

8. Lowest beds at Lisbon.

9. Buhrstone.

(All the species are in my cabinet.)

TsTarne.

1

CJ

2

8

$

3

£

8

4

a

£
1"

5

i

^

^c

6

6

7

I

13

8

13
1

9

QJ
(E

-Vr

" subglobosa, Con

..

" staminea, Con

„

lt expansa, Aldr

Agaronia punctulifera Oabb

Rostellaria Whitfieldi, Heilpr..

" velata Con..

Siliquaria vitis Con .. ..

y.

Monoptygnia Leai \Vhitf ... .

Mitra fusoides, Lea.

f

^

" dumosa, Con., var

*

46

Geological Survey of Alabama.

N"axne.

1

•d
1

3

2
C

1

CoiU'cvilli-. co

\CMf

Barry town.

5

i

J

c

6

6

'£
6

7
2

Lowest Lisbon, oo

9

£
\

1

Mitra Haleanus Whitf

^

*

„

.,

^.

f* multiplicata H C Lea

*

" thalloides Con

" multistriatum Heilpr . .

.,

Xuba antipuata Con .

Odontopolys conipsorhytis Gabb

I

.,

Trochita trochiformis Lam

' gibbosa Lea

* mamma Lea

' 8D

^

*

Sigaretus bilix, Con

t( declivis Con

" (Sigaticus) Boettgeri M & A

Crepidula lirata Con .

„

.

JPseudoliva vetusta Con

Turbinella pyruloides Con......

Conus sauridens Con

Voluta petrosa Con

t( Sayana, Con., var

^

•X-

Turritella Mortoni Con

humerosa ? Con

eurynome? Whitf

-:f

•*

nasuta, Gabb

carinata Lea- .

Mesalia obruta Con ...

ft vetusta Con ...

Fusus raphanoides Con ....

" crebissimus^ Lea

il sp ...

„

lima Ins, Con

" pagodiforniis, Heilpr

' ' Mortoniopsis Gabb

" irrasus Con ..

f l trabeatus Con var

Cornulina armiarera. Con...

.,

Geological Survey of Alabama.

47

Name.

1

1
c5

3

Monroe Co. *®

Coffeeville. " |

4

a

1

£•

*&

s

S5

5

J

6

Zi

6

V

'3

o'O

6
25

7

1

8

1

1

9

1

Mtizzalina pyrula Con

^

Buccinum Mohri, Aldr

" n. sp?..

" Dekayi, Lea

Bulla Aldrichi, Langdon

Nassa Calli, Aldr

" cancellata, Lea

^.

Phos Texana, Gabb

Pleurotoma terebralis Lam

" SD. ..

gT). ..

*

SD. ••

SD. • •

*

SD. . •

gT)

SD. ..

Oass s Taitii ? Con

Fasc olaria polita Gabb

Rinoriculci biplicata^ Lea

•X-

*' Alabamensis Con «...

Pyrula cancellata Lea

Actseon elevatus Lea

*' lineatus Lea

l( roelanellus Lea

Af.

*

" pysrmseus Lea •

•X-

Turbo naticoides Lea

^

.Jf

" SD..

Busycon n sp ••

Odostomia. 2 SD....

«-

48

Geological Survey of Alabama.

Name.

Nautilus, sp

Belosepia urigula, Gabb

Lucina compressa, Lea *

" Claibornensis, Con #

" impressa, Lea

" subvexa, Con

" papyracea, Lea *

" lunata, Lea

' ' carinif era, Con

Amphidesma linosa, Con...
" tellinula, Con

Crassatella alta, Con

protexta, Con *

" palmula? Con

Alveinus minutus, Con

Venericardia, densata, Con.,
rotunda, Lea..
Silliinani, Lea

parva, Lea

Avicula limula, Con

Solen Lisbonensis, Aldr

Cardium Nicolleti, Con., var
Petunculus staminens, Con...

Limopsis declivis, Con

" decisus, Con

" ellipsis, Lea *

" cuneus, Con ,

Trigonocselia ledoides, Mr

Astarte parva, Lea

" minor, Lea

" sp

" Conradi, Dana #

Mactra praetenuis, Con

" parilis, Con

" Grrayi, Lea

Corbula oniscus, Con

" nasuta, Con

" gibbosa, Lea

" Murchisonii, Lea (var. fossata, M. & A.).

Pecten Dehayesii, Lea

' ' scintillatus, Con

" calvatus? Mor

Area rhomboidella, Lea

Bysoarca Mississippiensis, Con *

Leda media, Lea

" multilineata, Lea

" n. sp

Nesera alternata, Aldr

Nucula magnifica- Con * | *

2^i o

J=

8 9

.L i

2 §

I I

3i£

Geological*! Survey of Alabama.

49

!N"am.e.

1

i

Monroe Co. ^

Coffeeville. co

4

c

i1

5

a

'3
d

6

a

1

sl

0

d

I

Lowest Lisbon, oo

9

" pulcherrima, Lea

...

...

Cytherea Poulsoni, Con

tl trigoniata, Lea

Kelliella Bo3ttgeri ? Mr

Teredo, sp.?

...

Tellina nitens, Lea

ft scandula, Con

,.

Ostrea Johnsoni, Aldr..... ,

" sp ...

<( sellseformis Con ...

(i divaricata Lea

Anornia ephippioides var Lisbonensis Aldr

Egeri a rotunda Lea...

" plana, Lea

...

" sp.? ..

"

Dosinia, n. sp

Hindsiella. n. sp (not faba Mr ) ..

...

Grrateloupia Moulinsii Lea .

Pinna, sp. (very large) ... . . .

Lunulites Duclosii Lea. .

Flabellum Wailesii? Con

Turbinolia Maclurii, Lea

*

*

*

Lunulites Bouei Lea

Platytrochus Stokesii Lea

Us.

Madrepora, 2 sp

Serpulorbis, sp.9

Serpula ornata, Lea

Scutella Lyelli, Con

Scalpellum eocense Mr

*

*

Otolithus

*

Foraminifera (1 so.)...

*

50

Geological Survey of Alabama.

TABLE IV.

HATCHETIGBEE GROUP.

Found at Hatchetigbee Bluff ou the Tombigbee River beneath the
Buhrstone. A large bed of Ven. planicosta, Lam., about two feet thick
is seen here at low water, and millions of this species could be obtained.
The shore line of the river looks like an ocean beach from the abundance
of this form.

Especial attention is called to the very remarkable fauna found here.

Natica limula? Con.

1 ' Mississippiensis? Con. (umbilieated

var. ) .

" parva, Lea.
Sigaretus (Sigaticus) Clarkeanus, Aldr.,

mss.

Nassa cancellata, Lea.
Cerithium, n. sp.
Melanopsis Choctawensis, Aldr.
Voluta petrosa? Con.
V. (Athieta) Tuomeyi, Con.
Pseudoliva vetusta, Con.
Ancillaria subglobosa, Con.
Oliva bombylis, Con.
Cominella Hatchetigbeensis, Aldr.

" striata, Aldr.
Cornulina armigera, Con.
Fusus trabeatus, Con.

pagodiformis, Heilpr.
subscalarinus, Heilpr.
subtenuis, Heilpr.

SP.?

2 sp.
Turritella, sp.

" carinata, Lea.
Rostellaria trinodifera, Con.
Pyrula juvenis, Whitf., (multangulata,

Heilpr.).
Dentalium, sp.
Capulus complectus, Aldr.
Trochita trocliiformb, Lam.
Tornatella bella, Con.
Cadulus, sp.
Mitra dumosa, Con., var.

" Hatchetigbeensis, Aldr.
Pleurotoma, 4 sp.
Trophon caudatoides, Aldr.
Triton, n. sp.
Columbella, sp.
Cancellaria alveata, Con.
Solarium elegans, Lea., var.

Solarium granulatum, Lea.
Tuba antiquata, Con.
Scalaria sessilis ? Con.

Cytherea Hatchetigbeensis, Aldr.
" Poulsoni? Con.

" sp,

Nuttalliopsis, Heilpr.
Cardium Nicolleti, Con., var.

" Hatchetigbeensis, Aldr.
Venericardia planicosta, Lam.
" Sillimani, Lea.

" alticosta, Con.

Spondylus dumosus, Mor., var.
Corbula nasuta, Con.
Pectunculus stamineus, Con.
Ostrea Vicksburgensis ? Con.

" cretacea, Mor.

" sellaeformis, Con.
Gryphsea vomer, Mor.
Pecten, n. sp.
Leda protexta, Con.

" sp.

Astarte Nicklinsii, Lea.
Area subprotracta, Heilpr. (protracta,

Con.)

Crassatella producta, Con.
Plicatula filamentosa, Con.
Lucina rotunda, Lea.

" subvexa, Con.

" sp.
Mactra praetenuis, Con.

" n. sp.

Tellina papyria, Con.
Nucula plicata, Lea.
Mysia, sp.

Madrepora, sp.
Cyclosmilia, sp.

Otolithus.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 51

TABLE V.

WOOD'S BLUFF GROUP.

This group has even a greater thickness than the Claiborne Sand, and
is fully as crowded with fossils, though there is not so great an assemblage
of species. The lower part (twelve to fifteen feet thick) is a mass of
Turritellas (Turritella carinata? Lea, Heilpr.), the other species found
in it being comparatively few in number.

The bed has been traced by Dr. E. A. Smith from near Turnbull, in
Monroe County, westward almost to the Mississippi line. Numerous
localities have been examined, the list below gives the species from each.
In some cases, the exact bed is not designated in the collections from
Wood's Bluff; these are given in a separate column. " Wood's Bluff
upper" is the green sand-bed, two to four feet thick; "Wood's Bluff
lower" that part below the five to eight feet of barren clays shown in
section .

.

Knight's Branch.

JS
V

c

I

Wood's Bluff.

Wood's Bluff (upper).

Wood's Bluff (lower).

Choctaw Corner.

2

1

4 miles south Mt. Sterling.

Hendrick's Marl Bed.

;- * * * I Butler. Choctaw Co., Ala.

It
"o
r/J

se

t

t

t
t

t

t

+

t

t

t

t

t
t

t
t

t

*
*
*

*

*
*

•X-

*
*
*

#

*
*

*
*

*

*
#

t

-
*
*
•

-*-
«-

,.

*-

^

linaula? Con.

?•

1

:•
:•

•*

*

*
*

*

*

*

•

>

#

Sigaretus (Sigaticus) Clarkeanus, Aldr
" bilix Con

Turbinella (Caricella) Bandoni, Desh

Rostellaria (Calyptrophorus) trinodifera,

1 ' SD « •

52

Geological Survey of Alabama.

•

Knight's Branch.

A
2

I
1

Wood's Bluff.

1
—
£

fc

3

5
^

Wood's Bluff (lower).

Choctaw Corner.

«
^

"3
1

4 miles south Mt. Sterling.

Hendrick's Marl Bed.

Butler, Choctaw Co., Ala.

% U.S. of Butler.

Fusus subtenuis Heilpr

t
t

t
t
t

t

t

t
't

t

t
t
t

,t
t
t
-:•:•

t

*

t
t

t
t
t
t

t
t

\ *
*

-:•:-
*
*

-»

*
«

*
•
*

*
-:;:-

*
*-
*

*
*

*
#

-#•

*
*
*
*

«

•*
*

#

*
*

*

*
•
*

*
*
*

-£-
*

*
*

*•
*-

#
*
*
•&

*
*
*-
*

#
*
*

*

•

*-
*
#

*
-*-

*
*

*

*

*

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-:;:-
*
*

•*

•

*

*
*

*

•
»

*

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^«-
*

-*

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*

-:•:-

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«-

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9
*

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#

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-£

'«

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1

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•*

*
i

*
*

•" (Strepsidura) subscalarinus, Heilpr..
pagodiformis Heilpr.. .

Meveri, 4.1dr

Tombigb^ensis, Aldr

n. si)

n. sp

sp

Pyrula multangulata, Heilpr. (juvenis,
Whitf.)

" tricostata, Desh

Pyropsis perula, Aldr

? Pleurotoma acuminata, Sowb

Pleurotoma moniliata, Heilpr

(Cochlispira) cristata, Con

exilloides, Aldr

Tombigbeensis, Aldr

Tuomeyi, Aldr

11 6 species

" n. sp

Dentalium microstria, Heilpr

Turritella carinata? Lea

Cassidaria dubia, Aldr

Voluta (Athleta) Tuomeyi, Con

" petrosa? Con

Cancellaria evulsa, Brander(tortiplica?Con.)
" sp

Pseudoliva scalina, Heilpr

vetusta, Con

Ranella (Argobuccinum) Tuomeyi, Aldr...
Trochita trochiformis, Lam

Phorus reclusus? Con

Melanopsis Choctawensis, Aldr

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) trigemmata, Con..
Trophon gracilis, Aldr

Bulla Aldrichi, Langdon

" n. sp

Geological Survey of Alabama.

53

»

Knight's Branch.

a

o

«

1

Wood's Bluff.

Wood's Bluff fupper).

Wood's Bluff (lower).

Choctaw Corner.

A

•3

A

i

4 miles south Mt. Sterling.

Hendrick's Marl Bed.

Butler, Choctaw Co., Ala.

1

e

GO
S
^

Cylichna sralba. Con . .

t

t
t

t

t
t

t
t

t

t
#

#
•

t
t

t

*
«

*

*

Actseon punctatus Lea

Tornatella (Tornatellsea) bella, Con.

Tuba antiquata Con

*

#
*

*

*-

*

*

#

*
#

*

*

t
*
*

*
*
•
*

*

*

*
*

*

•

*
*

•

*

*
*

*

*

•*
-:•:•

Delphinula sp

Fissurella Claibornensis ^ Lea..

Capulus complectus Aldr.. . . .

Pisania ^ dubia Aldr ... .

Odostoniia sp . •

Cornulina arrnisrera Con .. .

Oliva bombylis, Con., var
Nassa cancellata, Lea

Euliraa, 2 sp

(Jolurabella, n. sp

Crepidula lirata, Con

" Nuttalliopsis, Heilpr

*
*
*
#
#
*

*

•
*
•
*

*
*

*
*
$

•
*

-:•:-

*
*

*
-»
•*

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*
*-
*

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*
*

*
#

*

*

*
*

*

*
*

*

•»

«

•

*

*

•
*.i

*
*
*

:-
»

%
*-

*

? Cardita alticosta, Con

Venericardia planicosta Lara

Hippagus isocardioides Lea

" n. sp

Ostrea (probably O. Thirsce Gabb.)
" sp

" n. so...

" n. SD

Pecten Poulsoni, Mor ,

" sp....

^Modiola sp

Nucula ovula Lea var

Protocardia Nicolleti, Con., var
Lucina sp

" subvexa Con

" sn. ..

Tellinia. SD

54

Geological Survey of Alabama.

bo

3

jj

^

s

•«

r

9

CJ

02

^

o

1

a.

a

S

i

i

•C

55

1'

72

1

a

to

to

<c

5r

g

^

s

PC

«

01

I

3

S

3

a

5

d

i

to

M

"c

+i

E

-
o>

_GC

OD

|

"3

1

%

1

t^T
i

rr.

S

5

£

*

S

5

£

^*

»

_'

*

*

*

f

^

#

•

*

!

Foraminifera. 2 8D

A small layer twenty-five feet above the Wood's Bluff beds was found
to contain the following species :

Cytherea perovata? Con.
Corbula Aldrichi, Mr.
Laevibuccinum lineatum, Heilpr.

Rostellaria trinodifera, Con.
Leda, n. sp. (same as W. B.).
Nassa cancellata, Lea.

TABLE VI.

BELL'S LANDING GROUP.

This group includes a large marl-bed at Bell's Landing, Ala., also a
smaller bed called "Gregg's Landing Marl," which is found at the base
of the bluff at Bell's Landing and in the Gregg's Landing localities.
Several bluffs occur where both are exposed in one profile — on the Ala-
bama River, notably "Lower Peach-Tree Landing ;" the Bell's Landing
bed occurs on the Tombigbee River, and at Tuscahorna Landing, Ala.
The tables give the following localities: "Bell's Landing bed," or "Bell's
Upper;" " Bell's Lower," equal to "Gregg's Landing Marl;" "Gregg's
Landing Marl," equal to "Gregg's;" "Lower Peach-Tree, " equal to
"Bell's" and "Gregg's," together, and "Tuscahoma," equal to " -Bell's
Landing bed."

The locality at Bell's Landing seems to have been favorable to the
growth of large specimens. To give an idea of this, the dimensions at-

Geological Survey of Alabama.

55

tained by the following species have been taken ; measurements are given
in inches and tenths :

NAME.

Venercardia planicosta, Lam

Ostrea compressirostra, Say., upper valve

" " " lower valve

Turbinella pyruloides, Con

Voluta Newcornbiana, Whitf

Rostellaria trinodifera, Con

Pseudoliva scalina, Heilpr

Athleta Tuomeyi, Con

Turritella prsecincta, Con

" bellifera, Aldr

? Fusus trabeatus, Con

Pseudoliva vetusta, Con

Bulbifusus Tuomeyi, Aldr

Crassatella tumidula, Whitf..

Pectunculus stamineus, Con

Length.

5.0
5.5
6.0
3.9
4.7'
2.8
4.3
2.4
3.3
3.7
2.3
2.1
2.8
2.5
2.0

Breadth.

4.7

6.5

6.5

2.5

2.0

1.3

2.7

.4

.1

.7

.2

.6

.9

2.2

2.1

Voluta Newcoinbiana, Whitf ....

(Athleta) Tuomeyi, Con

Say ana, Con., var.
Fusus trabeatus, Con

pagodiformis, Heilpr # * #

var

subtenuis, Heilpr * # *

subscalarinus, Heilpr * *

sp * *

sp

(Strepsidura), sp *

« «

rspiniger, Con
Meyeri, Aldr
n. sp

rugatus, Aldr ,

Pleurotoma terebralis, Lam ! *

sp * *

nasuta, Whitf * *

»P

n. sp

n. sp. (smooth)

eapax, Whitf

sp *

Turritella Mortoni, Con. '. * * *

" prseciucta, Con • * *

II

r

o

I!

56

Geological Survey of Alabama.

I *•%

TurriteUa bellifera, Aldr *

multilira, Whitf

" eurynome, Whitf

Mesalia vetusta, Con., var

Potamides Alabamiensis, Whitf. I # « *

Pseudoliva scalina, Heilpr

" vetusta, Con

elliptica, Whitf

" tuberculifera, Con

Turbinella baculus, Aldr. *

pyruloides, Con

Bulbifusus plenus, Aldr *

Tuomeyi, Aldr.....

Pyrula juvenis, Whitf *

« * tricostata, Desh. ( Heilprin)

Fulgur triserialis, Whitf '. * *

Cassidaria dubia, Aldr , *

Fasciolaria pergracilis, Aldr *

Pyropsis perula, Aldr

Melongena, n. sp *

Pisania, n. sp

" sp

Cyprsea Smithii, Aldr

Rostellaria trinodifera, Con

Aphorais gracilis, Aldr

Trophon, sp

Murex, 2 sp * *

" engonatus? Con

Triton, n. sp ,

" autopsis, Con

" exilis, Con #

" n. sp

Trochita trochiformis, Lam *

Nassa cancellata, Lea *

Natica erecta, Whitf

Alabamensis, Whitf * *

aperta, Whitf * *

onusta, Whitf * *

perspecta, Whitf * «

parva, Lea., var *

decipiens, Mr

Mississippiensis, Con., umbilicated var | * | j *

sp

Sigaretus bilix, Con

" declivis, Con

Cancellaria, sp * *

Oliva gracilis, Lea *

Cadulus, sp *

" 3 sp *

Dentalium microstria, Heilpr *

Scalaria, n. sp *

hom
L^pd

Geological Survey of Alabama.

57

Adeorbis depressus, Lea *

Teinostoma subrotunda, Mr *

Solarium elegans, Lea, var

" delphinuloides, Heilpr i.

" scrobiculatum, Con

Velutina expansa, Whitf

Cylichna galba, Con

Bulla, n. sp

" (Haminea) Aldrichi, Langdon »

Scaphander, n. sp

Tornatina? sp *

Odostomia, sp

Chemnitzia trigemmata, Con

n. sp

Eulima notata, Lea

" ? sp

Melanopsis, n. sp...\

" anita, Aldr

Ringicula, sp,

Cytherea Nuttalliopsis, Heilpr

" perovata, Con *

Ostrea compressirostra, Say

" sp.?

Pecten, n. sp *

" Deshayesii, Lea

Cardium Nicolleti, var

Modiola, sp

Avicula limula, Con

Crassatella tumidula, Whitf

. sp...

Dosinopsis lenticularis, Rogers *

Lucina compressa, Lea * ,

" pomilia, Con *

" Claibornensis, Con ,

." sp

Diplodonta, sp

Tellina, 4 sp '.

Area lima, Con., var

Cucullsea transversa, Rogers i

Venericordia planicosta, Lara *

rotunda, Lea., var *

Pectunculus stamineus, Con ... *

" var

Pholas alatoidea, Aldr

Egeria inflata, Lea

plana? Lea r.

subtrigonia, Lea

" rotunda, Lea

Leda protexta, Con

" SP

I!

58

Geological Survey of Alabama.

1

1

/.

1

J*

«ec

r

0

Lower Peach
Tree.

TuscAhoma
Landing.

*

*

^

*

*

•

*

*

" 41driehi Mr

•*

•

...

*

*

*

,.

g

g

*

*

TABLE VII.

NANAFALIA GROUP.

The most remarkable fossil of this division is Gryphcea thirsce, Gabb. ,
whieh is abundant through sixty feet of strata. The best location for its
fossils is near the base under the Gryphcea bed. As nearly all the speci-
mens on hand are from the exposures on the Tombigbee Kiver, no other
localities are mentioned.

Turritella Mortoni, Con.
" bellifera, Aldr.
" n. sp.
Pseudoliva vetusta, Con.

scalina, Heilpr.
erecta, Aldr.
Ancillaria subglobosa, Con.

n. sp.

Kostellaria trinodifera, Con.
Voluta Sayana, Con.

" Newcombiana, Whitf.
" (Athleta) Tuomeyi, Con.
Volutalithes, sp.
Fusus trabeatus, Con.
" n. sp.
" sp.

Exilia pergracilis, Con.
Pleurotoma, sp.

persa, Whitf.
sp.

terebralis, Lam.
Natica eminula, Con.

" aetites, Con.
Dentalium thalloides, Con.

Dentalium sp. (smooth).

Cadulus, sp.

Melanopsis Choctawensis, Aldr.

n. sp.

Kingicula, n. sp.
Odostomia, sp.
Bulla, sp.

Venericardia planicosta, Lam.

Gryphsea thirsse, Gabb.

Pectunculus stamineus, Con.

Crassatella tumidula, Whitf.

Panopsea, sp.

Area, n. sp.

Cardium Tuomeyi, Aldr.

Corbula Aldrichi, Mr.

Tellina, sp.

Nucula ovula, Lea.

Leda, sp.

Cytherea Nuttalliopsis, Heilpr.

Pinna, sp.

Ostrea compressirostra, Say.

Cyclosmilia? sp.

Geological Survey of Alabama.

59

TABLE VIII.
MATTHEWS' LANDING GROUP.

The exposure from which this collection was made is on the Alabama
River, about seven miles below Prairie Bluff. One other point in Wilcox
County, on Mr. Jones' place (S. 12, T. 12, R. 6 E.), has the identical
fossils. The list is made from the typical deposit. Nearly all the uni-
valves are remarkable for their ornamentation. Rostellarm velata, Con.,
absent from all the other groups below the ' ' Claibornian, " appears once
more here.

Murex morulus, Con.

" Matthewsensis, Aldr.
Triton Showalteri, Con.
? " n. sp.
Strepsidura, sp.
Fusus tortilis, Whitf .
" Meyeri, Aldr.
" 6 species.
" pagodiformis, Heilpr.
Exilia pergracilis, Con.
Neptunea Matthewsensis, Aldr.
Leucozonia biplicata, Aldr.
Pleurotoma persa, Whitf.

adeona, Whitf.
" 12 species.
Trochus Alabamensis, Aldr.
Solarium, sp.

*' n. sp.

Pseudoliva unicarinata, Aldr.
" vetusta, Con.

scalina, Heilpr.
Ancillaria staminea. Con.
Rostellaria velata, Con.
Pyrula juvenis, Whitf.
Volutalithes limopsis, Con.

" rugata, Con.

Voluta Showalteri, Aldr.
Laevibuccinum lineatum, Heilpr.
Natica perspecta; Whitf.
" re versa, Whitf.
" Alabamensk, Whitf .

Natica erainula, Con.

" n. sp.
Sigaretus? n. sp.
Melanopsis Choctawensis, Aldr.
Cadulus turgidus, Mr.
Dentalium microstria, Heilpr.
Cerithiopsis, n. sp.
Odostoraia, sp.
Eulima, sp.
Rissoina, n. sp.
Ringicula, n. sp.
Qylichna, sp.
Turritella humerosa? Con.

'' Alabaraensis, Whitf.

" raultilira, Whitf.

" Mortoni, Con.

Cucullsea macrodonta, Whitf.

Pecten (Pleuronectia) Alabamensis, Aldr.

Venericardia rotunda, Lea, var.

" Sillimani, Lea.

Corbula, sp.
Leda eborea, Con.
Nucula magnifica, Con.
Cardium, sp.
Avicula limula, Con.
Astarte, sp.

Nodosaria, sp.
Coral, sp.

60 Geological Survey of Alabama.

TABLE IX.

BLACK BLUFF GROUP.

This bed consists principally of a bed of very dark clay, which has a
fine exposure on the Tombigbee Kiver at Black Bluff, Sumpter County,
and I believe is the lowest Tertiary seen on that river. It forms a belt
of low-lying prairie just south of the Cretaceous hills.

Its fossils would unite it to the Matthews' Landing group.

Nautilus, n. sp. (fragments). Tornatella bella, Con.

Exilia pergracilis, Con.

Mitra, n. sp. Pecten (Pleuronectia) Alabamensis,Aldr.

Aphorais gracilis, Aldr. Cucullaea macrodonta, Whitf .

Ancillaria, sp. Nucula magfaifica,.Con.

Pleurotoma, 2 sp. Leda, n. sp.

Fusus, 2 sp.

Cadulus turgidus, Mr. Coral, sp.

Volutalithes rugata, Con. Crab remains (abundant).

Dentalium, sp. Foraminifera, 2 sp.

TABLE X.

MIDWAY GROUP.

Consists of a few feet of material at the base of the Tertiary ; a bed
containing a species of Turritella being immediately contiguous to the
Cretaceous. The fossils of this and the previous group are either dis-
torted or badly preserved, and by weathering of the materials often
mixed with the underlying Cretaceous. The species here mentioned were
all found "in situ."

1st. MIDWAY BED consisting of a hard, silicious limestone.
EnclimatocerasHyatti? White.

2d. TURRITELLA EOCK.

Turritella Mortoni ? Con. Ostrea, 2 sp.

" humerosa? Con. Coral, 2 sp.

Venericardia planicosta, Lam.

In conclusion, it must be understood that these lists represent collections
made personally in company with Dr. E. A. Smith and D. W. Langdon,
Jr., and are as nearly accurate as the writer can make them, without a
series of fossils carefully compared with types ; they represent many days
and nights of hard work.

FINIS.

Explanation of Plate I.

PAGE.

Fig. 13. Turritella bellifera, n. sp., 34

Fig. 14. Cerithium Langdoni, n. sp., . . . . . . .34

Fig. 15. Pleurotoma Heliprini, n. sp., ...... 29

Fig. 16. Pleurotoma Americana, n. sp., ...... 29

Fig. 17 a 6. Fusus Pearlensis, n. sp., ...... 21

Fig. 18. Scalaria Whitfieldi, n. sp., 34

Fig. 19 a. Cassidaria brevidentata, var, 33

6. Operculum of same.

Fig. 20. Cassidaria brevidentata, n. sp., . . . . . . 33

Fig. 21. Cassidaria dubia, n. sp., 33

Fig. 22. Scalaria octolineata, Conrad., 34

Fig. 23 a. Pyrula (Pyrificus) Smithii, Sowb., (from Europe), . . 24

b. Fulgur triserialis, Whitf., . 24

;'23b.

18.

16.

I7a.

19 b.

Explanation of Plate II.

PAGE.

Fig. 1. Macha Vicksburgensis, n. sp., 37

Fig. 2. Murex angelus, n. sp., ........ 18

Fig. 3. Pleurotoma anita, n. sp., 29

Fig. 4 a 6 c. Turbinella (Caricella) reticulata, 11. sp., .... 27

Fig. 5 a 6. Cassis (Sejnicassis) Shubutensis, n. sp., . . . 33

Fig. 6. Strombus Smithii, n. sp., 32

Fig. 7 a 6. Scaphander primus, n. sp., ...... 35

Fig. 8. Triton (Simpulum) Conradianus, n. sp., . . . .20

Fig. 9. Phos Vicksburgensis, n. sp., ...... 27

Fig. 10 a 6. Pleurotoma longiforma, n. sp., ..... 30

Fig. 11. Conus (Conorbis) alatoideus, n. sp., ..... 32

Fig. 12. Fasciolaria Jacksonensis, n. sp., 22

10 a.

lOb

7 a.

7b.

8.

12.

Explanation of Plate III.

Fig. 1. Haminea grandis, n. sp., .

Fig. 2. Pleurotoma perexilis, n. sp., .

Fig. 3. Ranella (Argobuccinum) Tuomeyi, n. sp.,

Fig. 4. Pyropsis perula, n. sp.,

Fig. 5. Neptunea enterogramma, Gabb.,

Fig. 6 a 6. Cominella Hatchetigbeensis, n. sp., .

Fig. 7. Cerithium Tombigbeense, n. sp.,

Fig. 8. Melanopsis Choctavensis, n. sp.,

Fig. 9. Pleurotoina exilloides, n. sp.,

Fig. 10. Pleurotoma Tombigbeensis, n. sp.,

Fig. 11. Pleurotoma Tuoineyi, n. sp.,

Fig. 12. Fusus Meyeri, n. sp., ....

Fig. 13. Pisania? dubia, n. sp.,

Fig. 14. Voluta Showalteri, n. sp.,

Fig. 15. Murex Matthewsensis, n. sp.,

Fig. 16, a. Buccinum Mohri, n. sp.,

Explanation of Plate IV.

PAGE.

Fig. 1. Cytherea Hatchetigbeensis, n. sp., ..... 39

Fig. 2. Nucula Monroensis, n. sp., 40

Fig. 3. Panopaea porrectoides, n. sp., 37

Fig. 4. Solen Lisbonensis, n. sp., . 37

Fig. 5. Pholadoraya Claibornensis, n. sp., 3S

Fig. 6. Anomia Lisbonensis, n. sp., 41

Fig. 7. Astarte Conradi, Dana, 39

Fig. 8. Pecten (Pleuronectia) Alabamensis, n. sp., .... 40

*Fig. 9 fee. Pholas alatoidea, n. sp., 3ti

Fig. 10 a b. Martesia elongata, n. sp., . . . • • .37

Fig. 11 a. Cucullaea transversa, Rogers, ...... 40

Fig. 12 a b. Cardium Hatchetigbeense, n. sp., . . . . .39

Fig. 13. Cardium Tuomeyi, n. sp., 40

!: By mistake of the lithographers thi^ tifruiv is uuiuherett 4' instead of

• '

I

Eocplfi nation of Plate V.

PAGE.

Fig. 1. Expleritoma prima, nov. gen et sp., ..... 29

Fig. 2. Cyprsea lintea, Con., 32

Fig. 3. Cyprsea Smithii, n. sp., 33

Fig. 4. Cominella striata, n. sp., 26

Fig. 5. Nassa Calli, n. sp., 27

Fig. 6. Trophon gracilis, n. sp., . . . . . . .19

Fig. 7. Fusus Tombigbeensis, n. sp., 22

Fig. 8. Murex simplex, n. sp., ........ 19

Fig. 9. Fusus rugatus, n. sp., 22

Fig. 10. Natica recurva, n. sp., . . . . . . . . 33

Fig. 11. Ancillaria expansa, n. sp., . . . , . . 28

Fig. 12. Melanopsis anita, n. sp., . . . . .* . 35

Fig. 13. Neptunea constricta, n. sp., . . . . . . 24

Fig. 14. Aphorais gracilis, n. sp., . . . . . . .32

Fig. 15. Leucozonia biplicata, n. sp. ...... 23

Fig. 16. Trochus Alabamensis, n. sp 35

Fig. 17. Pseudoliva unicarinata, n. sp., . . . . . . 19

Fig. 18. Fasciolaria pergracilis, n. sp., . . . . . .22

Explanation of Plate VI.

PAGK.

Fig. 1 a. Capnlus complectus, n. sp., 34

Fig. 2 a. Turbinella baculus, n. sp., 27

Fig. 3. Mitra Hatchetigbeensis, n. sp., 28

Fig. 4. Trophon Caudatoides, n. sp., 19

Fig. 5. Cardium Eufaulense, Con., 40

Fig. 6. Ostrea Jolmsoni, n. sp., 41

Fig. 7. Bulbifusus plenus, n. sp., 23

Fig. 8. Pyrula juvenis, Whitfield, 25

Fig. 9. Pleurotoma Columbaria, n. sp., ...... 31

Fig. 10. Pseudoliva scalina, Heilpr., ....... 20

Fig. 11. Bulbifusus inauratus, Con., 23

Fig. 12 a. Bulbifusus Tuomeyi, n. sp., . . . . . .23

Fig. 13. Verticordia eocense, Langdon, ...... 40

Fig. 14. Neaera prima, n. sp., . . . ... . . .38

Fig. 15. Nesera attenuata, n. sp., . . . . ... 38

II.

CONTRIBUTIONS

TO THE

Eocene Paleontology of Alabama and Mississippi,

BY

OTTO MEYER, Ph. D.

Contributions to tlje Eocene Paleontology of ^labanja and

Mississippi,

BY OTTO MEYER, PH. D.

In the following a number of new .or unh'gured species of invertebrates
of the Eocene Tertiary of Alabama and Mississippi are described and
figured. A very few known species are refigured for some special reason.
Those descriptions and figures which belong to Plate I were made in the
year 1884, but the publication of this plate has been delayed by various
reasons. I am under obligation to Mr. T. H. Aldrich and Dr. E. A.
Smith for the present opportunity to publish this paper. The type speci-
mens are in my collection. In the following descriptions of univalves,
the term ' ' longitudinal " means parallel to the suture or helicoid axis of
the shell, "transverse" indicates the direction rectangular to it.

DENTALIUM LEAI MEYER. PI. 1, figs. 2, 2a. Am. Jour, tiei., 1885,
XXIX., p. 462.

? Dentalium areiformis, Con. Am. Jour. Sei., I, 2d ser., 1846, p. 212.
PI. 1, fig. 3.

Substance of the shell thick, slightly curved, smooth; section and
aperture circular; smaller termination notched in the direction of the
curvature ; interiorly with a tube.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

Three specimens have the incision of the smaller termination, but only
one of them is perfect enough to show the interior tube also. A young
specimen approaches in its aperture the following species :

The smooth species of Dentalium have to be distinguished by their

64 Geological Survey of Alabama.

aperture. The aperture is wanting in Conrad's specimen of Dentalium
arciformis. Later, Conrad withdrew this species ; at least he did not
mention it in his lists, probably considering his form a synonym of Dent-
alium turritum, Lea,* which species, however, in my opinion, is a frag-
ment of a Cadulus.

DENTALIUM DANAI, Meyer. PI. 3, figs. 2, 2a. Am. Jour. Sci.,
1885, XXIX., p. 462.

Smooth, section circular ; smaller aperture with additional tube ; mar-
gin distinctly notched on the convex side of the shell ; slightly emargin-
ate on the concave side

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.

The preceding species is notched distinctly on both sides of the margin
of the aperture.

DENTALIUM SUBCOMPRESSUM, Meyer. PL 3, figs. 3, 3a. Am. Jour.
Sci., 1885, XXIX., p. 462.

Shell small, smooth, somewhat polished ; section ovate.
Locality. — Jackson, Red Bluff, and Vicksburg, Miss. •.
The figured type-specimen is from Jackson.

DENTALIUM BITUBATUM, n. sp. pi 3, fig. 1.

Smooth, rapidly increasing in size; section suborbicular ; aperture with
a long additional tube.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.

I have only one specimen of this species, which in its long tube of the
aperture resembles Dentalium duplex, Def.f from the Paris basin.

DENTALIUM ANNULATUM, n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 1.

Small, slightly tapering; section circular; surface annulated.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

I found only the figured specimen. Without a magnifying glass the
characteristic rings of the surface are scarcely to be seen. It is verJ
similar to young specimens of Dentalium minutistriatum, Gabb.,J which
species is annulated on its youngest part, a fact not mentioned by Gabb.

*I. Lea, Contrib. to GeoL, 1833, p. 35, pi. 1, fig. 3.

tDesh., An. s. verteb., II., p. 203, pi. 1, figs. 36-3!).

% Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., IV., 2d ser., I860, p. 386, plate 67, fig. 46.

Geological Suirvty of Alabama. 65

In the Claiborne specimen, however, the rings are larger and of a differ-
ent appearance, and there is no trace of longitudinal striae.

CADULUS VICKSBURGENSIS, Meyer. PI. 3, fig. 6. Am. Jour. Sci.,
XXIX., 1885, p. 463.

Inflation very faint near the end, somewhat compressed ; smaller aper-
ture with four turret-like appendages, one opposite pair of which is
broader than the other pair.

Locality. — Vicksburg, Red Bluff, Miss.

The type specimen is of the "Higher Vicksburgian." The species is
distinctly compressed, but less than Cadulus depressus, Mr., from
Claiborne.

CADULUS QUADRITURRITUS, n. sp. PI. 3, figs. 7, 7a.

Not compressed ; inflation near the end distinct but gradual ; smaller
aperture with four equal rounded appendages, divided by notches of the
same shape.

Locality. — Red Bluff, Miss.

CADULUS JACKSONENSIS, Meyer. PI. 3, figs. 8, 8a, 8b. Am. Jour.
Sci., XXIX., 1885, p. 462.

Rather large ; inflation faint near the end, very slightly compressed ;
smaller aperture elliptical ; margin by notches divided into four append-
ages ; the two appendages on the smaller side of the ellipse are slender,
simple and equal to each other; the two other opposite ones are broad,
emarginate in the middle, and unequal in size, that one situated on the
convex side of the shell being thfe largest.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.

CADULUS TURGIDUS, n. sp. PL 1, fig. 10.

Width of the shell rapidly increasing for about two-thirds of the entire
length, and then more rapidly decreasing ; section circular.

Locality. — Matthews' Landing, Ala.

Rather common ; I received this shell from Mr. Aldrich. It differ*
by its very strong inflation from all the other species of Cadulus of the
Southern Tertiary which I know of.

66 Geological Survey of Alabama.

CADULUS CORPULENTUS, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 5.

Small ; inflation near the middle, short and stout, not compressed ;
smaller aperture elliptical with simple margin.
Locality. — Red Bluff, Miss.; common.

CADULUS JUVENIS, n. sp. PI. 3, fig. 4.

Small ; inflation near the middle ; slender, not compressed ; smaller
aperture forming an ellipse, one side of which is flattened.
Locality. — Jackson, Miss.; not rare.

TEINOSTOMA ANGULARIS, Meyer. PL 1, figs. 9, 9a. Am. Jour. Sci.,
1885, XXIX., p. 463.

Lenticular; whorls three, rapidly increasing in size, last whorl carina-
ted ; base slightly convex, nearly flat ; columellar part thickened ; mouth
rhombical. On both sides of the carina several impressed spiral lines
crossed by very minute radiating striae. Last whorl with an indistinct
spiral fold near the suture.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

TEINOSTOMA SUBROTUNDA, Meyer. PL 2, figs. 26, 26a. Am. Jour.
Sci., 1885, XXIX., p. 463.

Discoid ; margin rounded ; umbilical region covered and thickened by
callus ; whorls four, rapidly increasing in size ; smooth, except some
faint revolving lines ; suture indistinct ; aperture quadrate-elliptical .

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

TEINOSTOMA VERRILLI, Meyer. PL 2, figs. 27, 27a. Am. Jaur. Sci.,
1885, XXIX., p. 463.

Discoid ; umbilical region covered and thickened by callus ; margin
angular, though not carinated, polished; suture entirely indistinct, so
that the number of whorls can not be counted ; base regularly rounded ;
aperture trigonal-elliptical.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.

Related to the preceding species, but distinguished by the more angular
margin, and the entire absence of sculpture. The first difference implies
also the different form of base and aperture ; the second difference, the
indistinctness of the suture.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 67

ADEORBIS SITBANGULATUS, n. sp. PI. 2, fig. 28.

Discoid ; whorls five, rapidly increasing in size ; margin somewhat an-
gular ; basal part of margin rounded ; umbilicus deep ; suture distinct ;
surface with revolving lines, indistinct near the margin ; aperture irregu-
larly elliptical.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.

Adeorbis depressus, Lea., sp. (Teinostoma rotula, Heilpr.) from Clai-
borne has the umbilicus nearly closed, a regularly rounded margin, a
more developed ornamentation, and is larger.

ADEORBIS LAEVIS, n. sp. PI. 2, figs. 29, 29a.

Discoid ; umbilicus large ; margin rounded ; aperture circular ; whorls
five ; convex, smooth ; suture distinct.

Locality.— Red Bluff, Miss.

In Vicksburg there occurs a variety " var Vicksburgensis," with smaller
umbilicus.

SOLARIUM HARGERI, n. sp. PL 2, figs. 23, 23a, 23b.

Discoid ; surface flattened ; base convex ; margin carinated ; whorls
five. The ornamentation of the older whorls consists of four granulated
revolving striae, the two in the middle smaller than those near the
suture. Suture canaliculated ; base with revolving lines, those near the
umbilicus crenulate ; aperture rhombical.

Locality.— Red Bluff, Miss.

The canaliculation along the suture is the main characteristic of this
species. Named in honor of Mr. Oscar Harger, the able and careful nat-
uralist in New Haven, Conn.

SCALARIA GRAGILIOR, n. Sp. PI. 2, fig. 2.

Small, subulate ; nucleus consisting of two rounded, spirally striated
whorls. Five adult whorls are regularly rounded and covered with regu-
lar, sharp, transverse ribs, which extend also over the base. Aperture
elliptical.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

I found only the figured specimen.

EGLISIA PULCHRA, n. sp. PL 1, fig. 16.

Whorls convex, regularly rounded, covered with five flat longitudinal

68 Geological Survey of Alabama.

lines, diminishing in breadth from the top to the base of each whorl.
They are crossed by numerous fine elevated striae, which are broad and
indistinct, or obsolete on the spiral lines, but sharp and distinct in the
interstices.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala,

In its sculpture the species is remarkably similar to Scalaria (Eglisia)
vincta, Desh.,* but it is much larger.

EGLISIA REGULARIS, n. sp. PI. 2, fig. 3.

Whorls rather rapidly increasing in size, regularly rounded ; covered
by four sharp elevated revolving lines, the uppermost of which is the
smallest ; the interstices with numerous transverse riblets, which in con-
nection with the revolving lines give to the surface an almost cancellate
appearance.

Locality. — Red Bluff, Miss.

EGLISIA INAEQUISTRIATA, n. sp. PL 2, fig. 4.

The only specimen found, a fragment of two whorls, has less rounded
whorls than the preceding species; they are covered by six revolving
strise, alternating in size and far less elevated than in Eglisia regu/aris;
the little riblets in the interstices are similar to those in the preceding
species ; aperture rounded ; subeffuse anteriorly ; base flattened, spirally
striated.

Locality.— Red Bluff, Miss.

CJECUM SOLITARIUM, n. sp. PI. 3, fig. 9.
Cazcum, sp., Am. Jour. Sci., XXX., 1885, p. 71.

Small, regularly curved, somewhat contracted at the aperture ; section
and aperture circular; smooth, except concentric rings of growth.
Locality. — Vicksburg, Miss.; "Lower Vicksburgian."

CRUCIBULUM ANTIQUUM, n. sp. PL 1, fig. 11.

Subconical ; margin oval, striate within ; diaphragm entire ; rhombical,
close to the shell.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

The surface of the single specimen is badly preserved If I am not
mistaken it is the first Crucibulum found in the Old Tertiary Formation.

*Desh., An. s. vertdb., II., p. 353, pi. 23, figs. 17, 18, 19.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 69

NATICA DECIPIENS, Meyer. PL 2, fig. 22. Am. Jvur. Sci., XXIX.,
1885, p. 464.

Spire rather elevated; whorls six, flattened; aperture semilunar, two-
thirds of the entire length; umbilicus deep; on the inner lip callus is
spread, which forms a prominence at the posterior end of the aperture ;
inner lip distinctly emarginate in front of the umbilicus.

Locality. — Vicksburg, Miss.

It has a more transverse form than Natica parva, Lea., from Claiborne,
which is else very similar. The type-specimen is from the "Lower
Vickburgian"; but it occurs also in the " Higher Vicksburgian."

AMAURA TORNATELLOIDES, n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 12.

Shell oval ; imperf orate, smooth ; spire conical ; apex obtuse ; suture
very distinct; whorls five; columella thickened; aperture semicircular
acute posteriorly, and with an indistinct broad emargination anteriorly.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

I found only the figured specimen.

RISSOINA MISSISSIPPIENSIS, n. sp. PI. 2, fig. 17.

The only specimen found has four smooth, embryonic whorls ; the first
two of which form a disk, thus making the apex blunt ; then four adult
whorls follow which are slightly convex, and are densely covered by in-
distinct, rounded, oblique, transverse ribs ; base with faint revolving
lines ; aperture semilunar, faintly channeled anteriorly ; receding poste-
riorly, thus giving a strongly sigmoid appearance to the outer lip.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.

ACLIS MODESTA, n. sp. PL 2, fig. 1.

Minute; the sinistral nearly vertical; nucleus consists of two^smooth
whorls : adult whorls five ; little convex ; flattened immediately below
the suture ; covered with microscopical spiral lines ; aperture regularly
elliptical.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

Only the type-specimen was found.

TURBONILLA NEGLECTA, n. Sp. PL 1, fig. 4.

Subulate ; whorls flattened, closely covered with broad and distinct
transverse ribs, ending rather abruptly on the last whorl and leaving the
base smooth ; aperture subquadrangular, longer than broad ; inner lip

70 Geological Survey of Alabama.

twisted, thus forming an obtuse fold at some distance from the sharp
outer lip ; crenulate within by a few distant elevated spiral lines.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

TURBONILLA MlSSISSIPPIENSIS, n. sp. PI. 2, fig. 5.

Subulate; the sinistral nucleus consists of three smooth convex whorls,
which very rapidly increase in size ; its axis is horizontal. Seven con-
vex adult whorls are covered with elevated, tran verse ribs, about twelve
on each whorl. Suture distinct, aperture oval, base smooth.

Locality. — Red Bluff, Miss.

Differs from the preceding species mainly by its convex whorls.

ODOSTOMIA BIDENTATA, n. sp. PL 1, fig. 3.

Subulate, whorls eight ; nucleus and first whorl smooth, elsewhere fur-
nished with transverse ribs ; suture impressed ; base rounded, smooth ;
columella with a very prominent oblique fold, and a second indistinct one
below it.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

The ribs have in one of the three specimens 'a tendency to become
obsolete, especially toward the lower part of each whorl. The lower fold
will be better seen in fragments, with exposed columella, than in a per-
fect mouth.

CHEMNITZIA ACUTA, n. sp. PL 2, fig. 6.

Whorls eleven, nearly flat ; aperture ovate The ornamentation con-
sists of sharp, transverse ribs, crossed by less prominent spiral lines.
Each of the four smooth, embryonic whorls is much smaller than the
first ornamented whorl, thus forming a pointed nucleus ; suture distinct.

Locality. — Red Bluff, Miss.

Chemnitzia Claibornensis, Heilpr., sp.,* has the revolving lines not
elevated, but impressed ; and the transverse ribs are not sharp lines, but
obtuse folds.

BlTTIUM KCENENI, 11. Sp. PL 2, fig. 12.

Four spirally striated, embryonic whorls without ribs are followed by
four transversely ribbed whorls with three spirals, the uppermost of which
is the smallest. On the following older whorls, three more spirals appear

*Proc. Ac. Nat. Sri., Philadelphia, 1879; p. 214, pi. 13, tig. 11.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 71

between them. All the whorls are convex ; aperture effuse anteriorly,
but without proper canal ; base spirally striated. Many of the specimens
have varices.

Localities. — Jackson, Miss., common; Red Bluff, Miss., not rare.

The type-specimen is from Jackson ; in the specimens from Red Bluff
the canal is more distinct. Named after Prof. v. Koenen, who has suc-
cessfully worked up the German Tertiary.

CERITHIOPSIS ALDRICHI, n. sp. PL 2, fig. 14.

Subulate ; whorls convex ; oldest whorls covered by four spiral lines, the
second one from above is the smallest and last developed one ; they are
covered by transverse ribs, about twelve on each whorl ; the embryonic
whorls are numerous and rounded — on the oldest of them the spiral lines
commence to appear, while the others are only covered by numerous
curved, transverse ribs. Base covered with minute elevated, revolving
lines, the outermost of which is larger ; canal reflected.

Localities, — Red Bluff, Miss., Jackson, Miss., Claiborne, Ala.

CERITHIOPSIS JACKSONENSIS, n. sp.

Whorls regularly rounded, covered by four elevated, longitudinal lines,
crossed by numerous transverse ribs of smaller size ; the points of crossing
are thickened. Base covered with minute elevated, revolving lines, the
outermost of which is larger ; canal reflected.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.

On the last whorl of the type-specimen a fifth spiral line appears near
the suture, and in a much larger specimen this fifth spiral is fully devel-
oped. Differs from the preceding species in having more rounded whorls.

TRIFORIS SIMILIS, n. sp. PL I, figs. 8, 8a.

Slender ; whorls flat, covered with three longitudinal lines of nodules ;
the middle line the smallest and apparently last developed, but on the
lower whorls equal in size to the other two ; mouth quadrate ; base flat-
tened, with a distinct impressed line along its margin ; suture very dis-
tinct. Length of the last five whorls, three mm.

Locafity. — Claiborne, Ala.

The species is very similar to the Miocene Cerithium moniliferum, H.
C. Lea,* which I do not have. Besides, it resembles very much that

*Tram. Am. Philos. Soc., IX., Second Series, 1843, p. 269, pi. 37, fig. 92; and
Ernmons' Rep. North Carolina Geol. Surr., p. 269, fig. 159.

72 Geological Survey of Alabama.

species of the German Oligocene of Waldboeckelheim, which had been
considered as the recent Trif or is per versus, L., but which v. Kronen calls
Cerithium Bwttgeri.* I am of the opinion that this German form is a
true Triforis. One of my larger specimens, with an outer lip more com-
plete than is commonly the rule, has the canal nearly closed. The ab-
sence of a third opening is no absolute proof, as some recent sure species
of Triforis (for instance, Trif. nigro-cinctum, Ad., of the American
Coast) usually do not show it. The number of spiral lines on the base of
this German species is variable, depending mainly, but not alone, upon
the size of the shell. A few of the largest specimens are distinguished
by a fourth line of nodules on the last whorls.

TRIFORIS MAJOR, n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 6.

Large ; whorls flat, lower whorls with three longitudinal lines, formed
by nodules of equal number in each line ; the nodules of the upper-
most spiral are the largest and touch nearly those of the middle line ; they
are rounded and separate from each other ; those of the two lower spi-
rals are compressed ; the middle is the smallest and apparently last devel-
oped ; base flattened, with a distinct impressed line along its margin ;
length of the two lower whorls, five mm.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

TRIFORIS MERIDIONALIS, n. sp. PL 2, fig. 15.

Large ; whorls flat, with three longitudinal lines, which are continuous
and only faintly nodulus — the lowest is the largest, the middle line is only
one-third and the uppermost two- thirds of its breadth; the suture is defined
by one more small, elevated line ; base with a revolving line along the
suture.

Locality. — Red Bluff, Miss.

TRIFORIS, sp. PL 1, fig. 7.

Small ; whorls flat, with three noduliferous spiral lines, the middle of
which is the smallest; of these lines, especially the uppermost one is
sometimes broken up in single nodules, but in general they are continu-
ous ; base with radial lines of growth and a spiral along its margin.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

Resembles the preceding species.

*v. Koenen, Nnrddeutoch. Miocmi., Zweiter Theil; A, Jnhrb. f. Mineraloqie. etc.,
1882, Beilageband II., p. 272.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 73

TRIFORIS DISTINCTUS, n. sp. PL 1, figs. 5, 5a.

Small, slender ; whorls convex, with three noduliferous, longitudinal
lines, the uppermost of which is the smallest ; suture marked by a small,
plain, elevated spiral line ; mouth subquadrate ; base with a distinct and
an indistinct spiral line ; length of the five lower whorls, two and one-
half mm.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

The species is very distinct from the preceding in its convex whorls
and in the line along the suture. Owing to the lowest spiral, the whorls
appear almost carinated at their lowest part. An essential characteristic
is in the upper line being the smallest and apparently last developed, the
species resembling, in this point, the German Tertiary Cerithium (Triforis)
Fritschi, v. Keen en.*

TRIFORIS BILINEATUS, n. sp. PL 2, fig. 16.

Small ; whorls flat, with two lines of separate, rounded nodules ; base
with a revolving line near the suture.

Locality.— Red Bluff, Miss.

Differs from all the preceding species by having only two revolving
lines. As the distance of the lines is about equal, the shell looks like
being uniformly covered with spirals, and the whorls can scarcely be dis-
tinguished from each other.

NASSA MISSISSIPPIENSIS, Con., sp. var. PL' 2, fig. 11.

Besides the typical form, there occurs both in the Higher and Lower
Vicksburgian, but is rare, a variety with more numerous transverse ribs.

CANCILLARIA TURRITISSIMA, n. sp. PL 1, fig. 15.

Turreted ; the convex whorls very oblique to the axis of the shell ;
apex obtuse, smooth, the shell otherwise covered with numerous spiral
lines, crossed by some transverse, large ribs ; aperture semicircular ;
columella with three folds — the uppermost very prominent, the lowest
indistinct ; outer lip sharp, striate within at some distance from the aper-
ture.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

The first two embryonic whorls form almost a disk, thus making the

*N. Jahrb.f. Mineralogie, etc., 1882, Beilageband II., p. 271, pi. 6, fig. 19.

74 G-eological Survey of Alabama.

apex obtuse. A species similarly distinguished by its very slender form
is Caneellaria Bezanconi, de Boury,* from the French Tertiary.

LATIRUS HUMILIOR, Meyer. PL 2, figs. 20, 20a.

Turbinella humilior, Meyer. Am. Jour. Sci., XXIX., 1885, p. 464.

Faseiolaria Jaeksonensis, Aldrich. Jour. Gin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1885,
p. 150, pi. 2, fig. 12.

Fig. 20 represents my oldest specimen ; its canal is somewhat shorter
than usual. Fig. 20a is a young specimen. Fig. 19 shows, for com-
parison, Latirus protracta, Con., sp., from Vicksburg. I refer to the
above-cited place.

MUREX ANGULATUS, n. Sp. PI. 2, fig. 18.

Ovate ; nucleus consisting of four smooth, embryonic, rounded whorls,
which rapidly increase in size ; adult whorls angular, with edged, trans-
Verse ribs, which, on the angles, are produced into spines — on the body
whorl they number ten ; a few distinct, elevated, revolving lines cover
the lower part of each whorl ; canal slightly curved.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.

MUREX SIMPLEX, Aldr., var.; aspinosux, n. var. PI. 2, tig. 21.

Ovate ; whorls convex, with obtuse, transverse ribs — seven on the body
whorl ; covered by elevated, sharp, distinct, revolving lines, which on the
older whorls alternate with faint ones ; canal nearly straight ; outer lip
thickened, crenulate within ; callus of inner lip with three obtuse teeth.

Loca'ity. — Red Bluff, Miss.

Murex simplex, Aldr., from Byram Station, Miss., has spinous ribs.

TURRICULA CINCTA, n. sp. PL 1, fig. 13.

t Mitra gracilis, H. C. Lea. Am. Jour. Sc,i., XL, 1841, p. 101, pi.
1 , fig. 20.

Slender, except near the apex, where the whorls are rapidly diminishing
in size ; whorls eight, rather flat ; except the first two, smooth, embryonic-
whorls, covered with transverse ribs, which become obsolete on the last
whorls ; parallel to the suture, an impressed spiral line produces a broad
band along the suture ; aperture narrow ; columella with four folds, down-
ward diminishing in size and extending over the base of the shell, striat-

Mfm de la Sue. GtoL, 3me ser., III., 1884, p. 105, pi. 3, fig. 8,

Geological Survey of Alabama. 75

ing it ; outer lip sharp, spirally striated within at some distance from the
margin.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

It is impossible for me to decide whether the fragment of a young
shell, which H. C. Lea described as Mitra gracilis, belongs to this species
or not.

CONUS PROTRACTUS, Meyer. PI. 2, fig. 7. Am. Jour. Sci., XXIX.,
1885, p. 466.

Spire nearly a third of the entire length ; four smooth, rounded, embry-
onic whorls are followed by seven carinated volutions ; the carina is some-
what crenulated ; base with numerous broad, depressed lines.

Localities. — Vicksburg, Miss., Red Bluff, Miss.

Young specimens of Conus sauridens, Con., resemble the species, but
their spires are concave and covered with revolving lines, which are absent
in C. protractus.

PLEUROTOMA TEREBRIFORMIS, n. sp. PI. 2, tig. 8.

Spire high ; aperture and canal small, only about a quarter of the
entire length ; apex blunt, formed by two and a half smooth, embryonic
whorls ; adult whorls seven or eight — they are flat, have a revolving line
above and below and a carina-like, noduliferous double line in the middle ;
on the older whorls more spirals appear in the interstices ; the striae of
growth indicate a flat sinus, situated on the line in the middle ; suture
distinct.

Localities. — Claiborne, Ala., rare; Newton, Miss., Wheelock, Texas.

The type-specimen is from Claiborne.

PLEUROTOMA JACKSONENSIS, n. sp. PI. 2, fig. 10.

Spire elevated, rather suddenly decreasing near the blunt apex ; aper-
ture and canal about one-third of the entire length ; whorls covered with
elevated, revolving lines and transverse ribs ; a distinctly marked depres-
sion on the upper part of each whorl indicates the position of the rather
deep sinus ; columella thickened ; outer lip crenate within.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss., rare.

PLEUROTOMA INFANS, n. sp. PI. 2, fig. 9.

? Fusus nanus, Lea. Contrib. to Geol., p. 150, pi. 5, fig. 155.

76 Geological Survey of Alabama.

? Pleurotoma insignifica, Heilpr. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia,
1879, p. 213, pi. 13, fig. 9.

Small ; aperture and canal about one-third of the entire length ; the
pointed apex is formed by two and a half small, smooth, embryonic
whorls ; three rather large, transversely ribbed, embryonic whorls com-
plete the nucleus ; the largest specimen has three adult whorls — they are
strongly carinated in the middle ; the upper part has only one revolving
line near the suture, the lower part three elevated spirals ; the upper part
indicates the position of the large, regularly rounded sinus ; the lines of
growth are almost rib-like.

Localities. — Red Bluff, Miss., Newton, Miss., Claiborne? Ala., Vicks-
burg, Miss (var.).

The type -specimen is from Red Bluff, where the species is not rare ;
it is much larger than the others of this locality, which have only two
adult whorls. The only specimen from Vicksburg, which I have, however,
is of the same size, and has also three adult whorls ; though otherwise
agreeing with the Red Bluff form, it is so decidedly stouter that a varietal
name may be properly applied to it — "var. brevis" As the same species
occurs also in Newton, I have little doubt that it is identical with that
Claiborne form which is described by Lea as Fusus nanus. If this is so,
it is one of the most generally distributed forms of Pleurotoma of the
Southern Tertiary.

MANGELIA MERIDIONALIS, n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 14.

Fusiform, somewhat inflated ; spire turriculated, acuminated ; canal
short ; nucleus consisting of two rounded and two carinated smooth
whorls ; adult whorls five, convex, with transverse ribs, about thirteen
on each whorl, and with elevated spiral lines ; these spirals are small and
close together on the uppermost part of each whorl, which is defined by
the sinus ; sinus broad, near the suture ; a curved varix on. the outer lip.

Localities. — Claiborne, Ala., Red Bluff, Miss.

From Claiborne I have only the figured type-specimen, without pre-
served nucleus.

BULLA BITRUNCATA, n. Sp. PI. 2, fig. 24.

Short and stout ; spire hidden ; columella anteriorly with a strong,
oblique fold ; surface covered with indistinct, elevated, rounded, revolv-
ing lines.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 77

CYLIPHNA OVIFORMIS, n. sp. PI. 2, fig. 32.

Length nearly double the breadth ; umbilicate at the top and with an
umbilicate fissure at the colurnella ; smooth, except some faint impressed,
revolving lines.

Localities. — Jackson, Miss., Red Bluff, Miss.

The type-specimen is from Jackson. The form in Red Bluff seems to
be a little more flattened.

CYLICHNA JACKSONENSIS, n. sp. PL 2, fig. 25.

Length two. and a half times the breadth ; umbilicate at the top and
with an umbilicate fissure at the columella ; the faint impressed, revolv-
ing lines are more distinct near the base and the top.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.

Considerably more slender than the preceding species. Cylichna St.-
Hilairii, Lea, sp., from Claiborne, is flat, almost cylindrical, while
Cylichna Jacksonensis is rounded. The same differences exist in regard
to Cylichna Kellogii, Gabb, from Texas.

CYLICHNA SUBRADIUS, n sp. PI. 1, fig. 17.

Cylichna eonfr. radius, Desh. Am. Jour. Sci., XXIX., 1885, p. 468.

Small, rounded cylindrical ; spire produced, acute ; inferior part, except
the base, with impressed, revolving lines ; base with a minute, umbilicate
fissure ; aperture but little widening.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

Belongs to the subgenus Volvula. In its slender and not inflated form
and its acute top, it differs essentially from Cylichna Dekayi, Lea, sp.,
from the same locality. A similar species, however, seems to be Bulla
cylindrus, H. C. Lea,* from the Miocene. It scarcely differs from Bulla
radius, Desh.,f of the Paris basin. A specimen from Wheelock, Texas,
determined as Volvula Conradiana, Gabb,J is less slender, but else very
similar. An examination of a large amount of material may lead to a
unison of Cylichna subradius with one or all of the last-named species.

ACTION ANNECTENS, Meyer. PI. 2, fig. 30.
Am. Jour. Sci., XXIX., 1885, p. 466.

Conic-ovate ; whorls six ; one and one-half smooth, embryonic whorls

* Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., 1843, IX., Second Series, p. 250, pi. 35, fig. 43.

fDesh., An. s. verteb., II., p. 226, pi. 39, figs. 22, 23.

t Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, IV., Second Series, 1860, p. 386, pi. 67, tig. 51,

78 Geological Survey of Alabama.

form a blunt apex ; adult whorls nearly flat, covered with elevated, flat,
smooth spiral lines, separated by interstices of about equal breadth.
These interstices are set with rather distant, elevated, transverse riblets,
which, under the glass, give to the shell an almost cancellated appearance.
Inner lip with a very strong and broad fold ; in the oldest specimens,
with a smaller one above it.

Localities. — Jackson, Miss., Red Bluff, Miss.

The figured specimen from Jackson is much larger than the others ;
and from Red Bluff I have only the smaller form, represented by more
than a dozen specimens. Resembles Actami punctatus, Lea., from Clai-
borne, but is much smaller, has a stronger fold, besides an additional one.
The interstices between the revolving lines are larger, and the small ribs
in them more distant and distinct.

ACTION INFLATIOR, n. sp. PL 2, fig. 31.

Globose, apex blunt; whorls six, covered with revolving impressed
punctate lines ; columella with one fold.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

The longitudinal lines are continuous along the volutions ; on the body
whorl of the type-specimen, however, another system of these lines begins
to appear between them. The single fold, together with the globose, reg-
ularly rounded form, distinguish this species from the other Actseon of
the Southern Tertiary.

PTEROPODA.
STYLIOLA SIMPLEX, 11. sp. PL 3, fig. 10.

Shell subulate, nearly straight, smooth ; section circular.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.

The closed end of this species is not inflated.

STYLIOLA HASTATA^ n. sp. PL 3, fig. 11.

Shell subulate, nearly straight ; section circular ; closed end inflated.

Localities. — Vicksburg, Miss. (Higher and Lower Vicksburgian) .
Red Bluff, Miss.

Seems to be of smaller size than the preceding species. The type-
specimen is from the Lower Vicksburgian.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 79

BOVICORNU, n. gen.

Shell minute, subulate pointed, spirally contorted.

BOVICORNU EOCENENSE, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 2.

Smooth, somewhat inflated at the closed end ; section circular.
Locality.— Red Bluff, Miss.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA .

ARC A INORNATA, n. sp. PL 1, fig. 24.

Trapezoidal ; anterior side truncated, flat ; beak small ; ligament area
very low ; teeth smallest toward the middle ; covered with indistinct con-
centric lines ; margin entire.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

Resembles Area Icevigata, Caillat,* from the Paris basin, but is less
oblong.

TRIGONOCCELJA LEDOIDES, n. sp. PL 1, fig. 20.

Convex, ovate ; posterior side carinated ; hinge narrow, divided by a
minute pit ; about eight teeth on each side ; more vertical near the pit,
more horizontal near the end ; surface with concentric lines of growth
crossed by indistinct radiating lines, which are not perceptible on the
umbo ; beak turned toward the carinated side ; the muscular impression of
this side is oval and less distinct ; an. elevated radiating line passes along
its side ; margin entire.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

I found only the figured specimen, and this seems to be somewhat worn.

LEDA MATER, Meyer. PL 3, fig. 20. Am. Jour. Sci., XXIX., 1885,
p. 460.

Elliptically transverse, convex ; produced and truncate behind ;
strongly inequilateral ; covered with concentric ribs and posteriorly with
three radiating ribs ; teeth diminishing in size toward the fosset ; channel
interrupted by a callus ; margin entire.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss. Not rare.

The concentric ribs are quite regular on the umbonial part of the shell;

* T>esh. An. s. vertdb. L, p. 905, pi. 68, tigs. 23-26.

80 Geological Survey of Alabama.

on the ventral part, however, about half of them vanish rather suddenly
posteriorly, and the rest of them increase in size, so that the posterior part
is covered by fewer but larger ribs. Many of the specimens have one or
two indistinct radiating furrows on the anterior part. In some, the con-
centric ribs become erased like on the anterior part (see loc. eft).

LEDA TRIANGULATA, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 14.

Triangular ; ventral margin rounded ; near equilateral ; ventricose ;
hinge-plate long and broad ; surface nearly smooth, with indistinct con-
centric lines ; margin entire.

Locality.— Red Bluff, Miss.

I found only the figured specimen.

LIMOPSIS RADIATUS, Meyer. PL 3, figs. 17, 17a. Am. Jour. ScL,
XXIX., 1885, p. 459.

Rounded, quadrangular; solid; hinge teeth, diminishing in size near
the pit ; surface covered by alternating radiating ribs, crossed by equal
closely set, elevated concentric lines ; the points of crossing are thick-
ened by nodules ; margin crenulate within.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss. Common.

The similarity of this species with Lytnopsis obliquus, Lea, sp., is
pointed out in the above cited place.

ASTARTE PROTRACTA, 11. Sp. PL 3, figS. 18, 18a.

Elongated, subquadrangular ; umbonial part strongly flattened ; adduc-
tors prominent ; surface covered with distant concentric ribs, becoming
obsolete on the umbonial part ; margin entire.

Locality. — Enterprise, Miss.

The single specimen was collected by me in the stratum, in Enterprise,
mentioned Am. Jour. Sci., XXX., 1885, p. 70, as upper bed.

ASTARTE TRIANGULATA, n. sp. PL 3, figs. 21, 2 la.

Trigonal, solid ; pedal scar of anterior adductor distinct ; lunule long
and flat ; surface closely covered with concentric ribs ; margin crenulate.
Locality. — Red Bluff, Miss. Common.

The concentric ribs vary in size, in different ^.HM-imrns, and in some

Geological Survey of Alabama. 81

MICROMERIS SENEX, n. sp. PI. 3, fig. 22.

Small, solid ; anterior margin straight, posterior margin curved ; sur-
face, except the umbo, covered with coarse radiating ribs.
Locality. — Claiborne, Ala. Stratum "g".*

LUCINA (CYCLAS) SUBRIGAULTIANA, n. Sp. PL 3, fig. 13, 13a.

Orbicular, very regularly rounded ; hinge teeth, two ; laterals small ;
margin entire ; surface covered with regular concentric waving lines,
crossed occasionally by orbicular lines of growth.

Locality. — Vicksburg, Miss. Lower Vicksburgian.

Resembles very much Lucina rigaultiana, Desh.f A deep but ex-
tremely small lunule is in front of the beak. The lines of ornamentation
are less distinct at their convex summit, thus creating a somewhat erased
zone, which radiates from the umbo toward the posterior side of the ven-
tral margin. The ornamentation looks as if produced by "petits plans
glissant les uns au dessous des autres"

LUCINA CHOCTAVENSIS, n. sp. PL 1, fig. 28.

Small, suborbicular ; convex ; lunule semilunar, well defined ; cardinal
and lateral teeth ; anterior muscular impression relatively small ; covered
with concentric lines of growth.

Locality. — Vicksburg, Miss.

Lucina papyracea, Lea, from Claiborne, is similar, but the lateral teeth
are obsolete.

LUCINA SMITHI, n. sp. PL 1, fig, 23.

Solid ; irregularly elliptical ; subequilateral ; with cardinal and lateral
teeth ; a small but deep luuule inside of a larger indistinct one ; surface
with irregular lines of growth, becoming more regular at the extremities ;
they are crossed by very indistinct radiating lines ; margin creuulate.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

Named in honor of Dr. E. A. Smith, Tuscaloosa, Ala.

LUCINA BISCULPTA, n. sp. PL 1, figs. 30, 30a.

Thin ; convex ; oval ; anterior margin truncated ; beak turned anteri-
orly ; lunule rather small ; impressed ; cordate ; hinge of the right valve

* A,,,. J,w,: ti-i., XXX., 1SS5., p. 09.

f Desh. Au. s. verteb. I., p. 031, pi. 47, figs. 28-30.

82 Geological Survey of Alabama.

with one cardinal and two obsolete distant lateral teeth ; inner surface
with radiating impressed lines, which crenulate the margin ; outer surface
with concentric elevated distinct lines ; except on the umbo they are sep-
arated by rather large and regular distances.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

The radiating lines of the inside correspond, at some places near the
margin, with indistinct rib-like elevations of the surface. By a mistake,
the figure of this species, on plate 1, shows two teeth below the beak in-
stead of one.

MACTRA IN.EQUILATERALIS, n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 18.

Substance of the shell thick ; inequilateral ; triangular ; anteriorly
rounded ; posterior slope carinated ; covered with indistinct concentric
lines, which are distinct on the extremities.

Locality. — Vicksburg, Miss.

As Conrad describes and figures Mactra funerata* as equilateral, I am
unable to refer the figured specimen to his species.

HlNDSIELLA FAB A, n. Sp. PL 1, fig. 25.

Small, convex ; sinus of the ventral margin gently rounded ; covered
with irregular lines of growth ; muscular impressions ovately elongated ;
an indistinct oblique tooth below the beak (right valve).

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

Allied to Hindsiella arcuata, Lam., sp.f of the Paris basin.

ERYCINA WHITFIELDI, n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 29.

Small; substance of the shell thin, porcellaneously shining; oval; con-
vex ; insequilateral, the anterior side the largest ; left valve with two
obsolete pyramidal teeth on the anterior side, and on the posterior side
a compressed one, which is very small and distant from the beak ; surface
shining, smooth, except very fine concentric lines of growth ; margin
entire.

locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

The nearest species in the Paris basin seems to be Erycina obsoleta,
Desh.'| Named after Prof. R. P. Whitfield, whose descriptions and figures
of American Eocene shells belong to the most careful ones.

* Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci., I., 2d Series, 1848, p. 121, pi. 12, fig. 13.
f Desh., An. s. verteb., I., p. 695, pi. 53, figs. 32-35.
t Desh., An. s. vexteb., I., p. 720, pi. 53, figs. 16-19.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 88

KELLIELLA ? BCETTGERI, n. sp. PI. 3, figs. 15, 15a.

Very small, orbicular, tumid, inequilateral, umbo turned anteriorly ;
a cordate lunule is defined by an impressed line ; surface closely and reg-
ularly covered with concentric ribs ; hinge of the right valve with two
diverging cardinal teeth below the umbo, and a horizontal one which is
lamelliform before and beneath them ; left valve with a short, oblique
tooth below the umbo, and anteriorly with a horizontal S-shaped one;
anterior adductor long ; margin entire.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss.; common.

The pallial line is apparently simple. The shell in its dentition resem-
bles somewhat the genus Lutetia, Desh., of the Paris basin, but on com-
parison with two species of this genus which I have, proves to be different.
The genus Kelliella, Sars., as far as I am aware, is not a known fossil.
I have no specimens of KellieUa, but according to its description and
figure, I am inclined to put this small, remarkable Jackson shell into
this genus.

MODIOLARIA ALABAMENSIS, n. sp. PL 3, fig. 19.

Rhomboidal, thin ; the small anterior and the large posterior part with
radiating ribs, leaving the middle of the shell and the umbo smooth ;
hinge edentulous, anterior hinge-line notched.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.; "Lowest Claibornian."

The figured type-specimen is a young shell.

CORBULA ALDRICHI, Meyer. PL 1, fig. 21. Am. Jour. Sci., XXX.,
1885, p. 67.

Rounded trigonal ; ventricose ; posterior side carinated ; beak small,
curved anteriorly, in the left valve nearly in the middle ; right valve
briefly rostrated ; in both valves the umbonial part is without concentric
ribs, but with impressed, radiating lines — the ventral part with concentric
ribs.

Locality.— Wood's Bluff, Ala.

The radiating lines cut only the first ribs and disappear completely at
the ventral part. The species is similar to Corbula gibbosa, Lea., but dis-
tinguished mainly by the smooth umbonial part and the radiating lines.

CORBULA PEARLENSIS, n. sp. PL 3, figs. 16, 16a.

Rather small, rounded, inflated ; margin rounded anteriorly, truncated
posteriorly ; beaks very small, turned anteriorly ; surface of both valves

84 Geological Survey of Alabama.

smooth on the umbonial part, covered with rounded concentric ribs on
the ventral part.

Locality. — Jackson, Miss., rare.

VENERICARDIA INFLATIOR, Meyer. PI. 1, fig. 26. Am. Jour. Set.,
XXIX., 1885, p. 460.

Small ; cordate ; ventricose ; subsequilateral ; margin subcircular ; beak
elevated and large, turned anteriorly ; surface covered with about twenty
ribs ; they are smooth at the umbo, slightly crenulated toward the ven-
tral margin ; the interstices are about of the same size as the ribs ; margin
crenulated.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

Differs from Venericardia parva, Lea., from the same locality, princi-
pally in being smaller, more ventricose and rounded, and having a much
larger beak.

VENUS RETISCULPTA, n. sp. PI. 1, figs. 27, 27a.

Rhombically circular ; convex ; covered wrth broad, flat, and somewhat
irregular concentric lines, crossed by similar radiating ones ; the sculpture
indistinct near the umbo ; an impressed line separates a long limule ; pal-
lial sinus large ; margin entire.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

The sculpture makes the surface appear as if reticulated with small
rounded holes, especially in worn shells ; the figured specimen shows the
complete hinge, otherwise it is not the largest or best sculptured one.

ALVEINUS MINUTUS, Conrad. PL 1, fig. 19.

Alveinus parva, Con., Am. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 10. — List name.
Alveinus minuta, Con., Am. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 138. PL 10, fig. 2.
Alveinus parvus, Con., Check List of Tertiary invertebr., 1866, p. 24.
Alveinus minutus, Con., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1872, p. 53.
PL 1, fig. 6.

Alveinus minutus, Con., Am. Jour. Sci., XXIX., 1885, p. 467.

Small, nearly circular ; inequilateral ; surface with concentric lines of
growth, otherwise smooth and somewhat shining ; beaks small, turned
anteriorly ; hinge divided by a minute trigonal pit ; right valve with a
pyramidal tooth on the anterior side ; left valve with two compressed
ones ; muscular impressions subqtiadrangular, of about equal size ; mar-
gin microscopically channeled within ; pallial line simple.

Geological Survey of Alabama. 85

Conrad described this species with the name of locality, "Enterprise,
Miss." The specimen figured on plate 1 is from Claiborne, Ala., where
the species is not rare. It is common in Jackson, Miss., and altogether
occurs in so many other localities, that it may be considered as character-
istic for the Southwestern Tertiary.

PERIPLOMA COMPLICATA, n. sp. PL 1, fig. 22.

The only specimen found is of the same fragmentary shape as that in
which Periploma Claibornensis, Lea., sp., a species not rare, constantly
occurs. The fissure of the beak and the pearly nacre of the inside are
well seen ; the hinge with the spoon-shaped process is much more compli-
cated than in P. Claibornensis, as the figure shows, the process consisting
mainly of two concentric spoons.

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

ECHINODERMATA.

ECHINOCYAMUS HUXLEYANUS, n. sp. PI. 3, fig. 23.

The only specimen found is fragile and damaged ; it is egg-shaped, de-
pressed, with rather coarse tubercles, large mouth and vent, the latter
near the margin ; a similar species is Echinocyamus oviformis, Forbes.*

Locality. — Claiborne, Ala.

FORAMINIFERA.

NODOSARIA OBLIQUA, L. Sp. PI. 1, fig. 31.

Of this widespread species I give a figure, as it is the only specimen of
Foraminifera found as yet in the Claiborne Sand. The species occurs in
most of the many localities of the Southwestern Tertiary.

*Pub. Pal. Soc., London.

Explanation of Plate I.

PAGE.

Fig. 1. Dentalium annulatum, n. sp., 64

Fig. 2, 2 a. Dentalium Leai., Meyer, . . . . . .63

Fig. 3. Odostomia bidentata, n. sp., ...... 70

Fig. 4, 4 a. Turbonilla neglecta, n. sp., . . . * . . .69

Fig. 5, 5 a. Triforis distinctus, n. sp., 73

Fig. 6. Triforis major, n. sp., 72

Fig. 7. Triforis, sp., 72

Fig. 8, 8 a. Triforis similis, n. sp., 71

Fig. 9, 9 a. Teinostoma angularis, Meyer, ..... 66

Fig. 10. Oadulus turgidus, n. sp., ....... 65

Fig. 11. Crucibulum antiquum, n. sp., ...... 68

Fig. 12. Amaura tornatelloides, n. sp., ... . . . .69

Fig. 13. Turricula cincta, n. sp., ....... 74

Fig. 14. Mangelia meridionalis, n. sp., ...... 76

Fig. 15. Cancellaria turritissima, n. sp., ...... 73

Fig. 16. Eglisia pulchra, n. sp., 67

Fig. 17. Cylichna subradius, n. sp., 77

Fig. 18. Mactra inaequilateralis, n. sp., 82

Fig. 19. Alveinus minutus, Con., ....... 84

Fig. 20. Trigonocoelia ledoides, n. sp., 79

Fig. 21. Corbula Aldrichi, Meyer, . 83

Fig. 22. Periploma complicata, n. sp., ...... 85

Fig. 23. Lucina Smithi, n. sp., 81

Fig. 24. Area inornata, n. sp., ........ 79

Fig. 25. Hindsiella faba, n. sp., 82

Fig. 26. Venericardia inflatior, Meyer, 84

Fig. 27, 27 a. Venus retisculpta, n. sp., ...... 84

Fig. 28. Lucina Choctavensis, n. sp., 81

Fig. 29. Erycina Whitfieldi, n. sp., 82

Fig. 30, 30 a. Lucina bisculpta, n. sp., 81

Fig. 31. Nodosaria obliqua, Linne" sp., ...... 85

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Fig. 1. Aclis modesta, n. sp., . . 69

Fig. 2. Scalaria gracilior, n. sp., 67

Fig. 3. Eglisia regularis, n. sp., 68

Fig. 4. Eglisia insequistriata, n. sp., 68

Fig. 5. Turbonilla Mississippiensis, n. sp., 70

Fig. 6. Cheranitzia acuta, n. sp., ....... 70

Fig. 7. Conus protractus, Meyer, 75

Fig. 8. Pleurotoma terebriformis, n. sp., 75

Fig. 9. Pleurotoma infans, n. sp., ....... 75

Fig. 10. Pleurotoma Jacksonensis, n. sp., ..... 75

Fig. 11. Nassa Mississippiensis, Conrad, sp. var., .... 73

Fig. 12. Bittium Koeneiii, n. sp., . . . . . . 70

Fig. 13. Cerithiopsis Jacksonensis, n. sp., ...... 71

Fig. 14. Cerithiopsis Aldrichi, n. sp., 71

Fig. 15. Triforis meridionalis, n. sp., . . . . . . .72

Fig. 16. Triforis bilineatus, n. sp., . 73

Fig. 17. Kissoina Mississippiensis, n. sp., 69

Fig. 18. Murex angulatus, n. sp., . . . . . . . 74

Fig. 19. Latirus protractus, Conrad, sp., . . . . . .74

Fig. 20, 20 a. Latirus humilior, Meyer, 74

Fig. 21. Murex simplex, Aldr., var. aspinosus, n. v., . . . . 74

Fig. 22. Natica 'decipiens, Meyer, 69

Fig. 23, 23 a, 23 b. Solarium Hargeri, n. sp., 67

Fig. 24. Bulla bitruncata, n. sp., • . 76

Fig. 25. Cylichna Jacksonensis, n. sp., ...... 77

Fig. 2<>, 26 a. Teinostoma subrotunda, Meyer, .... 66

Fig. 27, 27 a. Teinostoma Verilli, Meyer, 66

Fig. 28. Adeorbis subangulatus, n. sp., . . . . . 67

Fig. 29, 29 a. Adeorbis laevis, n. sp., 67

Fig. 30. Actseon annectens, Meyer, ....... 77

Fig. 31. Actaeon inflatior, n. sp., 78

Fig. 32. Cylichna oviformis, n. sp., .,..,. 77

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Explanation of Plate III.

PAGE.

Fig. 1. Dentalium bitubatum, n. sp., ...... 64

Fig. 2, 2 a. Dentalium Danai, Meyer, 64

Fig. 3, 3 a. Dentalium subcompressum, Meyer, . . .64

Fig. 4. Cadulus juvenis, n. sp., ....... 66

Fig. 5. Cadulus corpulentus, n. sp., . . . . . . .66

Fig. 6, 6 a. Cadulus Vicksburgensis, Meyer, . . . . . .65

Fig. 7, 7 a. Cadulus quadriturritus, n. sp., . . . . .65

Fig. 8, 8 a, 8 b. Cadulus Jacksonensis, Meyer, .... 65

Fig. 9. Caecum solitarium, n. sp., 68

Fig. 10. Styliola simplex, n. sp., 78

Fig. 11. Styliola hastata, n. sp., 78

Fig. 12. Bovicornu eocenense, n. gen. et. n. sp., . . .79

Fig. 13, 13 a. Lucina subrigaultiana, n. sp., ..... 81

Fig. 14. Leda triangulata, n. sp., . . . . . . 80

Fig. 15, 15 a. Kelliella? Boettgeri, n. sp., 83

Fig. 16, 16 a. Corbula Pearlensis, n. sp., 83

Fig. 17, 17 a. Limopsis radiatus, Meyer, ...... 80

Fig. 18, 18 a. Astarte protracta, n. sp., ...... 80

Fig. 19. Modiolaria Alabamiensis, n. sp., . . . . .83

Fig. 20. Leda mater, Meyer, 79

Fig. 21, 21 a. Astarte triangulata, n. sp., 80

Fig. 22. Micromeris senex, n. sp., 81

Fig. 23. Echinocyamus Huxleyanus, n. sp., , , . , .85

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