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DOCUMENTS
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ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, U. S. ARMY.

iKAFHICAL AND/GEOLOGICAOXPLORATION8 AND^feuRVEYS WEST
OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH- MERIDIAfiJ

FIRST LIEUT. GEO. M. WHEELER, CORPS OF EX<;IXKEIJS, IN CHAKC.K.

PRELIMINARY REPORT

INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS

COLLECTED BY

THE EXPEDITIONS OF 1M1. 1872, AXD 1873,

WITH

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

C. A. WHITE, M. D.

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

December, 1874.

ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, U. S. ARMY.

GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS WEST
OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN^

FIRST LIEUT. GEO. M. WHEELER, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, IN CHARGE.

PRELIMINARY REPORT

UPON

INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS

COLLECTED BY

THE EXPEDITIONS OF 1871, 1872, AND 1873,

WITH

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

C. A. WHITE, M. D,

WASHIKGTO^:
GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE.

1874.

Documents Dept,

O

F

03S

DOCUMENTS
OSPT.

BRUNSWICK, ME., November 26, 1874.

Sra : I have the honor to inclose herewith a preliminary report upon
a part of the collection of invertebrate fossils made by the expedition
under your command; and, in view of the fact that nearly all the species
therein noted are new, I would respectfully suggest that it be published
at as early a date as possible, in order that the expedition may receive
due credit for priority of discovery in this most interesting branch of
paleontology.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

C. A. WHITE.
Lieut. GEORGE M. WHEELER,

Carps of Engineers.

[INDORSEMENTS.]

UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE,

EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS WEST OF THE 100TH MERIDIAN,

Washington, D. C., December 7, 1874.

Respectfully forwarded to the Chief of Engineers, with recommenda-
tion that the preliminary report upon invertebrate fossils herewith be
published at the Congressional Printing-Office, at the earliest practicable
moment, for the reason stated by Dr. White.

GEO. M. WHEELER,
Lieutenant of Engineers, in charge.

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS,

Washington, December 12, 1874.

Respectfully submitted to the Honorable Secretary of War, with the
recommendation that the report be printed at the Government Printing-
Office, and that 1,500 copies be furnished on requisition from this Office.

A. A. HUMPHREYS,
Brigadier-General and Chief of Engineers.

Approved by the Secretary of War:

H. T. CROSBY,

Chief Cleric.
DECEMBER 15, 1874.

720

PRELIMINARY EEPOET UPON THE INVERTEBRATE AND
OTHER FOSSILS: WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
COLLECTED BY THE EXPEDITION FOR GEOGRAPHICAL
AND GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS WEST
OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN; LIEUT. GEORGE
M. WHEELER, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES
ARMY, IN CHARGE.

BY C. A. WHITE, M. D.

- ' LOWER SILURIAN.

PRIMORDIAL PERIOD.* f

PLANTS.
Geuus CRUZIANA d'Orbigny.

CRTJZIANA LINNARRSOXI (sp. nov.) — Body not much flattened, oblong
or snbelliptical in outline, but narrowed and more or less pointed at the
ends, one of which is more acutely pointed than the other. Median
furrow extending the whole length of the body, the greater part of it
being moderately deep and distinct ; surface showing few or no trans-
verse rugae, but upon the more pointed end of some of the specimens
there is a secondary furrow upon each side of the median furrow ; these
extend to the point where they join the median furrow, but disappear
in the other direction before reaching the middle of the body. Stipe
rather small, attached about mid-length in the bottom of the median
furrow, but it is not usually seen attached, having been lost or destroyed.

Length of body, from two and a half to seven and a half centimeters.

It is thought possible that the specimens of this species may have
been denuded of rugae before they became imbedded, because some of
the slabs upon which the specimens are found are strewn with small
bodies that resemble detached ruga3 ; on the other hand, this seems
improbable, because some of these slabs are found to contain both C.
Linnarrsoni and the following species, the former being nude as usual,
and the latter having their abundant rugae in place.

Position and locality. — Tonto Shale, Grand Canon of the Colorado
River, Mohave County, Arizona Territory.

CRUZIANA RUSTICA (sp. nov.} — Body more or less elongated, flattened,
more or less distinctly bilobed, the ends being blunt $ median furrow
extending the whole length of the body, comparatively shallow and
uniform throughout. Transverse rugae numerous, distinct, extending
from the sides to the middle of the median furrow, and arching slightly
as they cross the lobes.

* The nomenclature of the geological periods adopted in this paper is that of Dana's New
Manual of Geology, 1874.

1 1 am unde'r obligations to Professor Joseph Henry, Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution, for the free use of all the facilities possessed by it to aid me in my inves-
tigations.— C. A. W.

Length of the body in proportion with the width variable ; in some
specimens (perhaps broken ones) the length and width being about
equal, while in others the length is two or three times as great as the
width. The width, in different specimens, varies from three and a
half to upward of four centimeters.

Position and locality. — Same as the last.

BEACHIOPODA.
Genus ACROTRETA Kutorga.

ACROTRETA? SUBSIDUA (sp. nov.} — Shell thin, corneous, discoid, sub-
circular or slightly suboval in outline, the transverse diameter being a
trifle greater than the longitudinal ; sides regularly and front broadly
rounded ; posterior margin slightly straightened, forming a compara-
tively short, slightly convex, or nearly straight hinge-line. Dorsal valve
nearly flat; beak marginal, not prominent. Interior with a slightly-raised
median ridge, beginning beneath the beak, and extending to about the
middle of the valve, where it disappears; impressions of the posterior
adductor muscles small and placed nearly beneath the beak, one on each
side of the median ridge ; between these muscular impressions and the
posterior margin there is, at each side, an obscure diverging ridge or
fold.

Yentral valve moderately convex in the umbonal region, but more
flattened anteriorly ; apex excentric, somewhat prominent and minutely
perforate; adductor impressions small and placed in the apex close to
the foramen, one at each side of it. One of the specimens shows a slight
flattening of the triangular space between the apex and the hinge-line,
which appears like an indistinctly-defined cardinal area.

This shell differs so widely in shape from the typical forms of Acro-
treta, although it seems to possess its other essential characteristics,
that I have referred it only provisionally to that genus.

Length of the largest specimen, six millimeters ; width, seven mil-
limeters.

Position and locality. — Strata probably of the epoch of the Potsdam
Sandstone, Antelope Spring, House range, Utah.

Genus TREMATIS Sharpe.

TREMATIS PANNULUS (sp. nov.} — Shell small, subcircular ; ventral valve
moderately convex ; apex prominent, excentric ; surface marked by a
very fine net-work of oblique, raised lines, dividing ib up into minute
four-sided pore-like pits, which cause it to resemble, under a lens, finely-
woven cloth.

Diameter of the valve, about three millimeters.

Position and locality.— Shales of the Potsdam epoch, Pioche, Nevada

PTEROPODA.
Genus HYOLITHES Eichwald.

HYOLITHES PRIMORDIALIS Hall ?— The collection contains specimens
of a Hyolithes from the shales of the Potsdam epoch at Pioche, Nev., that
seem to differ too little from H. primordialis Hall, from the strata of the
same epoch in Wisconsin, to warrant a full specific separation from it.

CEUSTACEA.

Genus AaNOSTUS Brongniart.

AONOSTUS INTERSTRICTA (sp. nov.)— Head and pygidium of almost
exactly equal size and shape, and otherwise closely resembling each
other/ Head a trifle broader than long, regularly rounded in front ;
sides at the postero lateral regions subparallel ; postero-lateral angles
truncated; the whole exterior margin, including the truncated por-
tions just named, provided with a narrow, raised rim, forming a nar-
row, linear depression between it and those portions of the head which
it incloses ; space between this linear depression or furrow and the
glabella a little wider posteriorly than it is in front, convex, the surface
apparently smooth. Glabella conical, widest posteriorly, moderately
convex ; sides nearly straight, well denned by the dorsal furrows, sharply
rounded in front, a minute tubercle on the median line near the back
end, and a shallow furrow extending across near the front end.

Thorax narrower than the head and pygidium, giving the body the
appearance of being constricted at the middle ; axial lobe broad, both
its segments tumid at the ends where they reach the dorsal furrows ;
lateral lobes very narrow, pleurae about as wide as long, each pleura
tumid and rounded at its exterior end.

Pygidium with its outline like that of the head, and provided also
with a similar raised marginal rim and furrow ; axial lobe a little
longer than the glabella, and consequently reaches a little nearer
the posterior margin of the pygidium. than the glabella does to the
anterior margin of the head, moderately convex ; sides curving a little
outward, provided with a minute tubercle on the median line near the
anterior end, corresponding with the one on the glabella; space between
the dorsal furrows and the marginal furrow convex, apparently smooth.
Upon the outer edge of the border of the pygidium, on each side, a lit-
tle nearer to the axial extremity than to the autero-lateral angles, there
is a minute protuberance suggestive of an incipient spine.

Length of body, eight millimeters ; width of head, five millimeters ;
width of pygidium, same as head.

Position and locality. — Shales of the Primordial period at Antelope
Spring, House range, Utah.

Genus OLENELLUS Hall.

OLENELLUS GILBERT! Meek (manuscript).* — Head subsemicircular
or semi-oval, the length being from one half to two-thirds as great as
the width ; both the external and posterior margins bordered by a nar-
row, continuous, slightly-raised rim, placed a little within the edge of
the margins; the postero-lateral angles produced into slender spines,
which are terete, not widened at the base, and, in the specimens, are
about equal in length to one quarter of the transverse diameter of the
head at its base. Near the postero-lateral angles of the head, the pos-
terior margin bends abruptly forward, forming a kind of notch or small
retreating angle with the backward-projecting spine, giving the outer
corner of the movable cheek the appearance of being rounded. Eyes
narrow, broadly arching outward, narrowness and convexity of curve
both increasing posteriorly ; their outer margins about equidistant from

* The descriptions of this and the following species were written by Mr. Meek before my
own were, and now form a part of Mr. Gilbert's report to Lieutenant Wheeler, which is
awaiting publication. — C. A. W.

the center and outer margin of the head, which distance is also about
equal to the length of the eye. Glabella distinctly lobed, the furrows
extending nearly or quite to its center 5 frontal lobe prominent, tumid,
regularly rounded in front, and a little wider than the remainder of the
glabella.

The remainder of the body is unknown except a single specimen of
the long third pleura of the right side and another short one. Both of
these are grooved and marked as is usual in the genus.

This species is nearly allied to 0. Vermontana, the type specimens of
which are from strata of the Potsdam epoch in the town of Georgia, Vt.

Position and locality. — Kocks of the Potsdam epoch at Pioche, Ne-
vada.

OLENELLUS HOWELLI Meek (manuscript). — Head semi-oval in out-
line, strongly convex, the length on the median line being to the great-
est breadth about as three to five ; exterior margin having a strong
raised border of nearly uniform width all around, and which is also con-
tinuous with the moderately strong spines of the postero-lateral angle
of the head j length of the spines equal to about one-half the length of
the head on the median line; posterior margin also with a raised bor-
der, extending on each side from the occipital segment to the base of the
spines ; width of this border not uniform like that of the exterior mar-
gin, but is widest a little beyond the midlength of each side, and
narrowest near the base of each spine, where it again suddenly widens
outward, blending with both the spine and the lateral border. This
widening of the border there rounds the angle between the posterior
margin and the spine, and also rounds the postero-lateral angle of that
portion of the cheek which is inclosed within the raised borders. A
shallow, linear depression runs around the head, just within the raised
border, giving the broad cheek-surfaces the appearance of being slightly
inflated. Eyes large, very prominent, extending from opposite the
anterior furrow of the glabella to nearly opposite the middle of the
occipital lobe; the palpebral lobe of each eye blending with the outer
ends of the anterior, middle, and posterior lobes of the glabella.

Glabella large, very prominent, distinctly lobed j the furrows, espec-
ially the occipital one, not extending quite to the center on either side;
the occipital and posterior lobes of about equal size ; the middle and ante-
rier ones about equaling each other in size, a little smaller than the two
first named ; frontal lobe large, tumid, extending forward to the shallow,
linear depression just within the raised border of the head, regularly
rounded in front, a little wider than the remainder of the glabella,
bordered on each side by a shallow, linear depression, which ends ante-
riorly in the marginal depression just named.

Surface apparently smooth. Remainder of the body unknown.

This species is related to 0. Thompsoni from strata of the Potsdam
epoch m the town of Georgia, Vermont.

As the genus Olenellus is held by geologists to mark a distinct and
characteristic horizon in American strata, its discovery in that distant
locality is peculiarly interesting. It is also an interesting and signifi-
cant fact that the two species here described respectively represent in
their specific characters the two originally-described species of the genus
found associated in the primordial rocks of Vermont and Canada, as
these are found associated in rocks of the same period in Nevada.

The specimens from which the descriptions of the two species of
Olenellus herein recorded were made are the same that were used by
Mr. Meek in his original descriptions and naming of the species.

Position and locality.— Rocks of the Potsdam epoch, Pioche, Nevada.

CANADIAN PERIOD.
HYDROZOA.

Genus PHYLLOGRAPTUS Hall.

PHYLLOGRAPTUS LORINGI (sp. nov.) — Stipe apparently having the
usual quadripartite form of the genus, the foliate expansion having a
somewhat irregular elongate oval outline and a moderately narrow axis ;
cellules leaving the axis at different angles with it in different parts of
its length, ascending along the middle portion so as to form an acute
angle with the axis and sweeping outward with an increasing curva-
ture to the lateral margins, where they are at right angles with the
axis, or, in some cases, slightly recurving. Toward the apex the cel-
lules are less curved and form more acute angles with the axis. Each
cellule gradually but slightly increases in size as it passes outward to
the margin, where there are thirteen or fourteen in the space of a centi-
meter. Each cellule is provided at its aperture with a strong, prominent,
recurving, lower lip, the edges of which, in our specimen, it being com-
pressed, have the appearance of spine-like appendages. Being broken,
also, at the lower end, its form there, and the fall length, are not accu-
rately known ; but the full length was apparently about four centimeters ;
width, at about midlength, one and a half centimeters.

Dedicated to the memory of Mr. F. W. Loring, who was murdered by
the Apache Indians in October, 1871, while a member of one of the
exploring parties.

Position and locality. — Strata of the age of the Quebec group, Fish
Spring, House range, Utah.

4

BEACHIOPODA.

Genus ACROTRETA Kutorga.

ACROTRETA PYXIDICULA (sp. nov.) — Shell minute ; marginal outline
subcircular or transversely suboval, without observable mesial sinus
or fold. Dorsal valve moderately convex, most prominent near the
umbo ; beak small, depressed but well defined, hardly projecting beyond
the hinge-line ; cardinal angles rounded ; hinge-line short, nearly
straight ; lateral and front margins regularly rounded. Ventral valve
obliquely depressed-subconical ; apex acute, prominent, and perforated
by a minute foramen ; margin in front of the hinge-line regularly rounded ;
area small, triangular, nearly flat, the angles it forms with the sides of
the shell rounded.

Surface of both valves smooth or marked by very fine concentric lines
of growth. •

Width, two millimeters: length, a little less ; height, a little less than
the length.

This species seems to possess all the generic characteristics of
Acrotreta, except that the ventral valve is not so much elevated as is
usual in that genus.

Position and locality. — Strata of the age of the Quebec group, Sohell-
bourne, Schell Creek range, Nevada.

Genus LINGTJLA Bruguiere.

LINGULA ? MANTICULA (sp. nov.} — Shell small, elongate-subovate or
subelliptical, broadest at or a little behind the midleugth ; beaks

10

pointed. Dorsal valve proportionally wider than the ventral, moder-
ately convex ; postero-lateral margins nearly straight, meeting at the
beak at an angle of nearly forty-five degrees ; beak small, depressed
front margin regularly rounded ; sides broadly rounded or only a little
convex. Ventral valve proportionally longer than the dorsal in con-
sequence of the projection of its beak behind that of the dorsal valve ;
the portion in front of the hinge corresponding with that of the other,
except that the posterior part of it is a little more convex transversely.
The beak is somewhat more prominent, more acute, and the postero-
lateral slopes less straight than they are in the dorsal valve. Surface
of both valves with a smooth appearance, but fine concentric lines and
obscure radiating stria3 are visible under a lens.

Position and locality. — Strata of the age of the Quebec group, Schell-
bourne, Schell Creek range, Nevada.

Genus STROPHOMENA Kafmesque.

STROPHOMENA FONTINALIS (sp. nov.) — Shell moderately concavo-con-
vex or nearly flat; outline semi-elliptical; width from one-quarter to one-
third greater than the length ; width at the hinge-line varying from a
trifle more to a trifle less than it is just in front of it. Ventral valve
somewhat flattened, but moderately convex, in the middle and umbonal
region. Dorsal valve slightly concave, and in other respects correspond-
ing with the ventral. Hinge and interior of both valves unknown.

Surface of both valves marked by fine, uniform, rounded, radiating
striae, which increase by bifurcation, and give the surface an appearance
very similar to that of the well-known Stropkomena fragilis of the Devo-
nian strata of New York and other States. Fine concentric striae are
also visible under a lens. ^

Length, eighteen millimeters; width, twenty-four millimeters.

Position and locality. — Strata of the age of the Quebec group, Fish
Spring, House range, Utah.

GASTEEOPODA.
Genus BELLEROPHON Montfort.

BELLEROPHON ALLEGORICUS (sp. nov.)— Shell not above medium size,
rather compact, umbilicnted ; aperture expanded, greatest expansion at
the sides giving it a renifbrin outline ; outer volution regularly convex
transversely ; lip with a moderately large, deep notch in front, of uni-
form width, and rounded at the back end ; continuous with this notch,
there is an equally broad, slightly-elevated, rounded dorsal band,
extending along the center of the outer volution until it enters the
aperture. •

Surface-markings not preserved in any of the specimens.

Extreme width across the aperture, eighteen millimeters ; postero-
anterior diameter of the outer volution, seventeen millimeters.

Position and locality. — Strata of the age of the Quebec group, Fish
Spring, House range, Utah.

CEPHALOPODA.
Genus ORTHOCERAS Breynius.

ORTHOCERAS COLON (sp. nov.)— Shell annul ated, very slightly taper-
ing; section oval; siph uncle large, marginal, in contact with one of the

11

broadly-rounded sides, its diameter equal to one-third of the short diam-
eter of the shell; septa smooth, convexity nearly uniform, reaching
farther forward at the narrower sides than at the broader ones ; annu-
lations broadly rounded, passing sinuously around the shell, the sinuosity
being greater upon one of the broad sides than upon the other ; inter-
spaces corresponding nearly in width and curvature with the aunula-
tions.

The shell-substance is not preserved upon the specimen, and the
surface-markings are unknown.

Long diameter, eighteen millimeters ; short diameter, fifteen millime-
ters; distance from center to center of the annulations, six millimeters.

Position and locality. — Strata of the age of the Quebec group, Fish
Spring, House range, Utah.

CRUSTACEA.

Genus LEPERDITIA Eouault.

LEPERDITIA BIVIA (sp. nor.) — Shell not quite equivalve, inflated, the
greatest transverse diameter being about midlength and below the
middle ; obliquely subovate in outline, widest anteriorly ; the straight
hinge-line about equal in length to two-thirds of the entire length of
the shell, and ending, both posteriorly and anteriorly, in a small, dis-
tinctly projecting angle, which it forms with the anterior and posterior
borders respectively ; anterior margin obliquely rounded, with a mod-
erately broad, somewhat flattened border ; posterior margin abruptly
rounded, having a similar, but rather narrower, laterally - flattened
border, the flattening of the borders of both valves and at both ends
becoming obsolete upon reaching the ventral margin, which is broadly
rounded. Ventral border of the right valve bent sharply inward and
even a little upward, producing a narrow, plain, area like surface there,
which tapers to a sharp point at each extremity, and is nearly equal in
length to the hinge-line. Ventral border of the left valve not bent
inward like that of the right, but the general convexity of the valve
extends to the edge; upon the ventral border of this valve, near its edge,
there are two distinct, comparatively large pores which open diverg-
ingly upon the surface, the distance between them being equal to a
little more than half the length of the hinge-line.

Eye-tubercle not detected ; surface apparently smooth.

Position and locality. — Strata of the age of the Quebec group, Queen
Spring Hill, Schell Creek range, Nevada.

Genus MEGTALASPIS Angeliu.

MEGALASPIS BELEMNTJRUS (sp. nov.) — Pygidiuui subtriangular in
outline, moderately convex transversely and only slightly convex lon-
gitudinally ; length, compared with the width across the anterior end,
about as fifteen to twenty-two; outer margins with a wide, smooth
border, slightly convex, except near the antero-lateral angles, where
the convexity increases and the angles are abruptly rounded ; anterior
margin moderately convex ; posterior extremity ending in a spine-like
process; segmentation indistinct, but most apparent upon the anterior
portion of the axis; trilobation somewhat obscure; axis depressed,
slightly higher than the adjacent portions of the lateral lobes, only
about half as wide anteriorly as one of the lateral lobes, continuous
posteriorly with the elevated caudal portion of the pygidiuui, which

12

terminates in the caudal spine ; dorsal furrows moderately distinct upon
the anterior half of the pygidiuin, but become obsolete posteriorly ;
lateral lobes slightly convex, indistinctly defined externally by the
broad, nearly flat, marginal border ; their inner sides more clearly
defined, especially their anterior portions, by the dorsal farrows.

Surface apparently smooth. Eemaiuder of the body unknown.

The species differs, from M. goniocercus Meek, in the less distinctly
triangular outline of the pygidium, its greater proportionate width, the
proportionally narrower axis, and the more distinct dorsal furrows.

Position and locality. — Eocks of the age of the Quebec group, Queen
Spring Hill, Schell Creek range, Nevada.

Genus DICELLOCEPHALUS OWEN.

DICELLOCEPHALUS FLAGRiCAUDUS (sp. nov.)— Pygidium contracted,
fan-shaped ; lateral lobes each consisting of three segments, directed
backward; the inner one of each side lying close to the dorsal suture,
nearly parallel with the axis of the body, or converging a little poste-
riorly, and becoming obsolete upon each side of a small but compara-
tively wide sloping border, that passes around the posterior end of the
axial lobe. The middle segments commence at the dorsal furrow of
each side respectively, near the anterior end of thp pygidium, pass back-
ward parallel with the first, and project beyond the border as converging
posterior spines. The third and outer segments commence anteriorly
at the dorsal sutures, where they are very narrow, extend outward,
curve abruptly backward, parallel with the others, form raised lateral
margins of considerable but unequal width to the pygidium, and pro-
ject posteriorly as an outer pair of converging spines, similar to the
others. Axis prominent, especially at its apex, where it terminates in a
moderately sharp angle, about one quarter wider anteriorly than pos-
teriorly, well defined by the nearly straight dorsal furrows, marked by
five or six distinctly-defined segments, which cross it almost transversely
but with a slightly sinuous course.

The pygidium only of this species has been discovered, consequently
its generic relations are not accurately known, and it is referred only
provisionally to Dicellocepkalus.

Position and locality. — Strata of the age of the Quebec group, Schell-
bourne, Schell Creek range, Nevada.

TRENTON PERIOD.

HYDEOZOA.
Genus GRAPTOLITHUS Linnaeus.

GRAPTOLITIIUS (DIPLOGRAPTUS) HYPNIFORMIS (sp.nov.)— Stipe sim-
ple, slender; sides flat ; edges nearly straight and nearly parallel, the in-
crease in.width being very slight from the proximal or basal end toward
the distal end. Serratures deep, narrow, sharply rounded or angular at
bottom, the inner and outer sides both rising at acute angles with the
axis of the stipe, those of adjacent cells joining together to form moder-
ately long, slender, mucronate points, directed strongly upward, between
the cells. At the proximal end of the stipe, small downward-diverg-
ing points are sometimes seen, like those of G. Whitfieldi Hall, and
other allied species; and, like those species, this has a slender, thread-
like axis, passing longitudinally through the center of the stipe and

13

extending more or less beyond the distal cells. Serratures, or cells, about
twelve in the length of a centimeter.

Extreme width of the stipe between the mucronate points of each
side often less than two millimeters and seldom more ; length of stipe,
from one to three centimeters.

Position and locality. — Shales (probably of the age of those at Nor-
mans Kill, near Albany, New York), five miles north of Belmont, Nevada,
where it is associated with the two following species.

GBAPTOLITHUS QUARDRIMUCRONATUS Hall ?— Stipe quadrilateral ;
section oblong, gradually but slightly increasing in transverse diame-
ter from the proximal or basal end to about midlength, where the
maximum size is reached ; cells opening on the two narrower sides ; their
apertures directed obliquely upward, narrow, transverse, like four-sided
slits, of uniform size, about half the width of the interspaces, their length
nearly equaling the full short diameter of the stipe. At each of the two
outer corners of each cell-aperture, a mucronate point projects, which,
together with the slight projection of the cell itself from the body of the
stipe, gives the latter a doubly-serrated appearance, when viewed upon
one of its broader sides, like that of two stipes of an ordinary Diplograp-
tus compressed together. A slender, thread-like axis, passing longitudi-
nally through the middle of the stipe, usually appears as a part of the
imprint of the specimens upon the shale.

This species, so far as can be determined from the specimens, is so
closely like G. quadrimucronatus Hall, from the " Utica-slate formation,
Lake St. John, east of Blue Point," that it is referred provisionally to
that species. In case more perfect specimens should show the species
to be new, as it probably is, I propose for it the name of G. Belmon-
tensis.

Position and locality. — Shales (probably of the age of those at Nor-
man's Hill, near Albany, New York), five miles north of Belmont, Ne-
vada, where it is associated with the last-described species, and also
with the following one.

GBAPTOLITHUS (CLIMACOGRAPTUS f) KAMULUS (sp.nov.) Stipe slen-
der, bifurcating, bearing cells upon both edges below the bifurcation, and
upon only one edge, the outer, above that point, so that each series of
cells is continuous from the common proximal to the two distal extrem-
ities respectively, and, of course, occupy the outer edges of the branches
only. The body of the stipe throughout is moderately thin and flat; but,
judging from the presence of a little pit in the shale at the place of each
cell, the latter were inflated in form, so that their transverse diameter
was considerably greater than the thickness of the stipe. Cells moder-
ately large, each bearing upon its outer wall, just below the aperture, a
slender, outward-projecting spine.

This species has almost exactly the general aspect of G. ramosus Hall,
from the dark shales at Norman's Kill, near Albany, N. Y., and was
at first regarded as identical with it; but. on close inspection, it is found
to differ materially in the form of its cells and the character of the stipe.
Some of these differences seem also to modify its relations to the sub-
genus GlitnacograptuSj to which G. ramosus is assigned by Professor Hall,
the author of the subgenus.

Position and locality. — Shales (probably of the age of those at Nor-
man's Kill, near Albany, N. Y.), five miles north of Belmont, Nevada,
where it is associated with the two species last described.

Besides the foregoing species of Graptolites, which are referred with
some doubt to the Trenton period as defined by Dana, other localities

14

have furnished species that undoubtedly belong to that period, of which
the following is a list :

Chcetetes lycoperdon Say, Silver Caiion, Nevada.

Zaphrentis f Silver City, New Mexico.

Favosites f Silver City and Upper Miembres Mining Camp, New

Mexico.

Favistella stellata Hall, Silver City, New Mexico.

Leptcena sericea Sowerby?, Silver City, New Mexico.

Strophomena planumbona Hall, Silver City, New Mexico.

Orthis biforata Schlotheim, Silver City, New Mexico.

Orthis occidentalis Hall, Silver City, $"ew Mexico.

Orthis testudinaria Dalman ?, Silver City, New Mexico.

Orthis plicatella Hall?, Fossil Butte, near Hico, Nevada.

Modiolopsis ? Upper Miembres Mining Camp. New Mexico.

Maclurea ? head of Amargosa Desert, Nevada (not in situ).

Euomphalus trochiscus Meek, E well's Spring, Arizona (lower horizon).
And also the following new species of Rhynchonella :

Genus EHYNCHONEILLA Fischer.

BHYNCHOKELLA AUGENTURBICA (sp. nov.) — Shell rather below me-
dium size, compact, subtrihedral in outline; length and width nearly
equal ; maximum height in old shells nearly equaling the width ; pos-
tero-lateral margins somewhat straightened or slightly convex; rostral
angle from forty to forty-five degrees ; autero-lateral margins rounded ;
front sinuous or truncate, as seen by either dorsal or ventral view. Dor-
sal valve more convex than the ventral, abruptly arching to the beak,
which is strongly incurved; mesial fold very prominent, distinctly
defined back to the umbonal region, divided into either three or four
prominent, angular, or sharply-rounded plications; sides regularly arch-
ing to the margins both transversely and longitudinally, but become
somewhat laterally flattened near the beak ; each marked by from five to
seven plications; those nearest the mesial fold being of about the same
size as those upon it, but they become smaller toward, and obsolete
upon, the postero-lateral margins.

Ventral valve less strongly arched than the other ; beak prominent ;
mesial sinus deep, occupying about one-half the width of the shell at the
front margin ; its sides abrupt, and the bottom having either two or three
plications like those of the dorsal fold ; sides sloping away from the
edges of the sinus with less convexity than the sides of the dorsal valve
have, and become laterally compressed near the beak ; plications about
seven on each side, becoming smaller toward, and finally obsolete
upon, the postero-lateral spaces.

Besides the plications, which are continued to the beaks, the surface
is marked by lines of growth, which are most prominent upon the plica-
tions, giving them a delicate cancellated appearance on some shells.

Length and breadth, about one centimeter ; height, about eight milli-
meters.

Position and locality.— Strata of the age of the Cincinnati group,
Silver City and Upper Miembres Mining Camp, New Mexico.

15

CARBONIFEROUS.
SUBCARBONIFEROUS PERIOD.

POLYPI.
Genus FAVOSITES Lamarck.

FAVOSITES WHITFIELDI White and Whitfield (manuscript). — This
species, described by White and Whitfield, from the Subcarbouiferous
rocks at Burlington, Iowa, without a specific name, (Proc. Bost. Soc.
lN~at. Hist., vol. VIII, page 306), is identified among the collections made
from the upper horizon at EwelPs Spring, Arizona.

BLASTOIDEA.

Genus GRANATOCRIXUS Troost.

GRANATOCRINUS LOTOBLASTUS (sp. nov.)— Body subelliptical ; great-
est width about the middle; distinctly, but not very deeply pentalobate
at the base, truncate at top ; base depressed ; basal plates very small ;
radial plates apparently very short, and embracing only the lower
extremities of the pseudambulacral areas ; interradial plates long and
narrow, apparently reaching the summit ; a comparatively shallow, ver-
tical furrow along the center of each ; anal plate prominent at its upper
end ; pseudambulacral areas prominent, narrow, reaching down to or
below the plane of the basal plate, as seen by side-view.

Height, nine millimeters ; transverse diameter, seven millimeters.

The aspect of this species is much, like that of G. melo Owen and
Shnmard, from the Subcarboniferous rocks of Burlington, Iowa ; but it
differs in its less robust form, and in not possessing the distinct longi-
tudinal lobes of that species. In that species, the pseudambulacral
areas are depressed, while in this they are the more prominent portions
in the outline of the body.

Position and locality. — Strata of the Subcarboniferous period, E well's
Spring, Arizona.

GRINOIDEA.
Genus PLATYCRLXUS Miller.

PLATYCRINUS ? — Upon the weathered surface of a piece of

limestone in the collection, there are three or four more or less imper-
fect criuoids, partly imbedded in the rock, and partly defaced by
weathering. One of these is a Platycrinus, as shown by characters other
than the body-plates, which cannot be distinguished. The outline of
the calyx is clearly shown ; it is broad, cup shaped ; base depressed at
the center; arms branching two or three times; branches slender; the
whole upper part of the body prolonged into a proboscidiform mass,
about three times the height of the calyx, and standing erect between
the arms. Stem slender, composed of joints of unequal size.

This species resembles P. Icevis Miller, as figured by De Koninck
and le Hon (Recher. Grin, da Terr. Garb, de la Belgique), but is not so
robust. The observable details indicate that it is a different, and proba-

16

bly a new species. In case other discoveries should prove it to be so, I
propose for it the name of P. vexaMlis.

Breadth of the calyx, about eight millimeters ; height, five millime-
ters ; height from base to top of proboscis, two centimeters ; the arms
were capable of extending about one centimeter farther.

Position and locality. — Strata of Subcarboniferous age, Mountain
Spring, Old Mormon road, Nevada.

Genus ACTINOCRINUS Miller.

ACTINOCRINUS VIATICUS (sp. nov.}—Body below the arms broadly
subturbinate ; arms slender, somewhat compressed laterally; apparently
thirty in all, since the two full rays and one-half of another that are in
view bear such proportionate numbers. The appearance of branching
of each ray begins below the periphery of the body, where, starting as a
single pair, they immediately bifurcate ; the two inner branches bifurcat-
ing again at or just beyond the periphery, the two outer branches remain-
ing simple.

Surface of the body-plates marked by sharp, radiating ridges, which
give the whole surface below the arms a confused cancellated appear-
ance.

Width of body at its periphery, about eighteen millimeters.

Position and locality. — Strata of the Subcarboniferous age, Mountain
Spring, Old Mormon road, Nevada.

BEACHIOPODA.
Genus SPIRIGHERA d'Orbigny.

SPIRIGERA MONTICOLA (sp. nov.) — Shell subelliptical or subtetra-
hedral in outline, always wider than long, widest about the middle or a
little forward of it, moderately gibbous; convexity of valves nearly
equal ; postero-lateral margins thickened in old shells, but in younger
ones the whole margin is more or less sharp ; front margin only slightly
sinuous in very young shells, but very deeply sinuous in some old ones.

Ventral valve broadly convex from side to side, regularly arching
from beak to front ; beak moderately prominent and slightly incurved ;
foramen as usual, round, rather small ; mesial sinus scarcely apparent
in young shells, but in some old ones becoming very deep at the front,
somewhat narrow, but moderately well denned at the sides.

Dorsal valve gibbous in the umbonal region, prominent along the
middle, from which the sides slope away by gentle convex curves to the
lateral margins ; mesial fold in some specimens not well defined nor
very prominent, in which cases the valve has a broad convexity, but in
others the mesial fold is well marked, narrow, and very prominent at
the front of the shell, while in all it is hardly traceable behind the mid-
dle, even in adult shells.

Surface of both valves marked by fine concentric lines or lamellae of
growth, and occasionally indications of fine radiating striae are to be
seen under the lens.

Length of a mature specimen, twenty-three millimeters ; extreme
width, twenty-nine millimeters ; height, sixteen millimeters.

Position and locality. — Strata of the Subcarbouiferous period, Mount-
ain Spring, Old Mormon road, Nevada.

Besides the foregoing new species, the collection also contains the fol-
lowing, which have heretofore been described from Subcarbonif-

17

erous strata, and to which period I have referred the rocks from which
the specimens were collected. The first line gives the localities of the
specimens contained in the collections, and the second those Subcarbon-
iferous localities which furnished the types of all the species named ex-
cept one.

Syringopora Harveyi White ?

Ewell's Spring, Arizona.

Burlington limestone, Burlington, Iowa.
Productus Parvus Meek and Worthen.

Mountain Spring, Old Mormon road, Nevada.

Chester limestone, Chester, Illinois.
Strophomena rhomboidalis* Wilckins.

Mountain Spring, Old Mormon road, Nevada.

Kimlerhook formation of Illinois and Iowa and elsewhere.
Spirigera obmaxima McCbesney.

Mountain Spring, Old Mormon road, Nevada, and below Ophir
City, Utah.

Keokuk litoestone of Iowa and Illinois.
Spirifer (Martinia) peculiar-is Shrunard.

Mountain Spring, Old Mormon road, Nevada.

Kinderhook, formation of Missouri and Iowa.
Spirifer centronata Winchell.

Mountain Spring, Old Morman road, Nevada.

Waverly sandstone, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.
Spirifer striatus Martin.

Mountain Spring, Old Mormon road, Nevada.

Burlington limestone (j$. Grimesi), Burlington, Iowa.
Spirifer ( Sy r ingot hyr is) extenuatus Hall.

Mountain Spring, Old Mormon road, Nevada.

Kinderhook formation of Iowa and Missouri.
Terebratula Burlingtonensis White.

Mountain Sprirg, Old Mormon road, Nevada.

Kiuderhook formation, Burlington, Iowa.
Proiuctus Prattenianus Norwood (=? P. Icevicostus White).

Below Ophir City, Utah.

Kinderhook formation, Burlington Iowa (P. Icevicostus).
Orihis Michilini var. Burlingtonensis Hall f

Below Ophir City, Utah.

Burlington limestone, Burlington, Iowa.

CARBONIFEROUSf PERIOD.

ECHINODEKMATA.
Genus ARCHJEOCIDARIS McCoy.

ARCH^SOCIDARIS TRTJDIFER (sp. nov.) — Interambulacral plates com-
paratively broad, rather thin, with a row of small tubercles forming an
elevated border all around ; areolar surface apparently plain ; central
tubercle small, perforated in the center, surrounded at its base by a

* Almost world-wide in its distribution, but is believed not to exist in strata of later date
than the Subcarbonit'erous.

tl use this term to indicate all the strata between the Subcarboniferous below and the
Permian above, and especially in contradistinction to the Subcarboniferous ; in other words,
it is used as synonymous with the general term " Coal-Measures," somewhat in use.
2 I F

18

very slightly-raised ring, and immediately outside of that, by another
one so much elevated as to form a little cup, with a somewhat ex-
panded rim. Diameter of the largest plate in the collection, about twenty
millimeters.

Spines very long, slender, one of the specimens having been, when per-
fect, about eleven centimeters in length, terete; diameter at the basal ring,
which expands abruptly from the shaft, much greater than any portion of
the latter; shaft continues of nearly uniform diameter for more than half
its length from the ring, and then gradually tapers to a point. Greatest
diameter of the shaft of the long spine referred to, scarcely five mil-
imeters; diameter of the basal ring, seven millimeters. Surface of the
spine for a short distance above the basal ring apparently smooth, but
from that portion to the distal end it is ornamented with numerous
small points or incipient spinules. These are often removed by weath-
eriLg; but in well-preserved specimens they are quite distinct, and are
seen to be arranged in imperfectly spiral lines around the spine.

Position and locality. — Carboniferous strata, Camp Apache, Arizona.

POLYZOA.
Genus GLAUCONOME Goldfuss.

GLAUCONOME NERETDIS (sp. nov.) — Polyzoary branching, the main
stem sending off branches at irregular intervals, these in like manner
sending off secondary branches less frequently; the stem and all branches
bearing branchlets of the usual character in regular series at each side,
all of which are straight or a little curved; branches leaving the stem,
and branchlets the stem and branches, at nearly or quite uniform
angles of between sixty and seventy degrees ; branchlets opposite or
irregularly alternating, the intervals between them being a little greater
than the diameter of the branchlets ; non-poriferous side of the stem,
branches, and branchlets con vex and marked by fine, longitudinal striae;
poriferous side of stem and branches bearing a row of pores along each
of their lateral borders, the number of pores being about twice as great
as that of the branchlets, but they are not placed in perfectly regular
order with them. The space between these two lateral rows of pores is
convex, and marked by scattered, dimorphous pores, which are riot more
than half as large as those of the lateral rows. Brauchlets bearing a
row of pores at each lateral border of the poriferous side, which are a
trifle smaller than the lateral pores of the stems, and which, having
prominent borders to their apertures, give the branchlets a somewhat
knotted appearance.

There is considerable difference in the size of the broken stems and
branches among the specimens ; but none of them, not even the longest
fragment, perceptibly diminishes in size toward the distal end. The
largest stem is about half a millimeter in diameter, and the smallest
not more than half that size.

The branchlets are from one to three millimeters in length.

The whole extent of the branching of a polyzoary of this species is
unknown. The branches are merely excessively developed brancblets,
each occupying the place of one of them. As soon as a branchlet
reached beyond the ends of those upon either side of it, it began to
throw off branchlets from each of its own sides and became a branch.
In a few cases, these first branchlets of the new branch have joined with
the adjacent branchlets of the stem, forming a few irregular fenestrules.

This species differs from G. trilineata Meek in being much branched,

19

in the presence of dimorphous pores upon the axial portion of the porif-
erous side of the sterns and branches, and in the absence of the three
longitudinal, raised lines, which distinguish that species.

Position and locality. — Carboniferous strata at the confluence of White
Mountain and Black Elvers, Arizona.

Genus POLYPORA McCoy.

POLYPORA STRAGULA (sp. nov.} — Poljzoary apparently flabelliform;
longitudinal branches biftircating with more or less irregularity in dif-
ferent parts of the polyzoary; dissepiments little, if any, more than half
as wide as the branches ; fenestrules oval or oblong, the proportions of
length and width varying in different parts, from about one-quarter
longer than wide to twice as long as wide. Poriferous side of branches
furnished with from four to six rows of small, thick-set pores of uniform
size, arranged more nearly in rows obliquely than vertically. Dissepi-
ments bearing a couple of pores near their junction with the branches,
and rarely one or two others along their middle portion, which is often
slightly ridged.

Fenestrules varying in size in different parts of the polyzoary, but
average about six longitudinally in the space of a centimeter.

This species occurs in the Upper Coal-Measures of Iowa, Missouri, and
Nebraska, and is the one referred to by Dr. Geiuitz, (Carbonformat. und
Dyas in Net).) to Polypora biarmica Keyserling.

Position anfi locality. — Carboniferous strata, confluence of White
Mountain and Black Eivers, Arizona.

BEACHIOPODA.

Genus CHONETES Fischer.

CHONETES PLATYNOTA (sp. nov.) — Shell rather under average size,
transversely suboval or indistinctly four-sided ; hinge-line usually about
equal to the greatest width of the shell, often slightly exceeding it, and
occasionally shorter.

Ventral valve moderately convex, flattened a little toward the hinge-
extremities, without a proper mesial sinus, but, in place of it, there is a
mesial flattening or slight bending-upward, at the front only, which
straightens the front border a little ; beak not prominent ; area of
moderate width wider than that of the dorsal valve, bearing on its pos-
terior margin five or six rather small oblique tube-spines upon each
side of the beak.

Dorsal valve almost flat, ofteuer a little convex than concave, especi-
ally from side to side ; mesial fold represented only in adult shells, and
in them merely by a very slight elevation of the front, causing its mar-
gin to follow that of the ventral valve in. a gentle sinuosity; surface of
both valves marked by numerous fine, obscure, radiating strisB and
occasional imbricating lines of growth.

This species is readily distinguished from others by its flat or slightly
convex dorsal valve.

Length, nine millimeters ; width, twelve millimeters.

Position and locality. — Strata of the Carboniferous period, near Santa
Fe and near Salt Lake, New Mexico.

Genus EHYNCHONELLA Fischer.

EHYNCHONELLA WASATCHENSIS (sp. nov.) — Shell under medium size,
sublenticular or snbglobose ; valves nearly equally convex ; length

20

equal to or slightly greater than the breadth; antero-lateral and
front margins somewhat regularly rounded, the front being slightly
straightened, or a little emarginate ; postero-lateral margins converg-
ing to the beaks at an obtuse angle.

Dorsal valve broadly convex from side to side ; convexity from beak
to front regular, but a little greater than the transverse ; umbo promi-
nent ; beak strongly incurved ; mesial fold obsolete or entirely wanting.

Ventral valve strongly and somewhat regularly arching from beak to
front; convexity from side to side a little less than the longitudinal,
and about equal to the transverse convexity of the other valve ; beak
somewhat prominent and incurved over the beak of the dorsal valve ;
mesial sinus obsolete or wanting.

Surface marked by a few obscure, radiating striae, which are most
conspicuous near the median line of each valve. Fine, concentric striae
are numerous ; and in adult shells there are also stoug imbricating lines
of growth near the front and lateral margins.

Length, fifteen millimeters ; width, fourteen millimeters ; height,
twelve millimeters.

This shell has a different aspect from any other species of Eliynclio-
nella in the Carboniferous rocks, and some doubts are felt as to its
proper reference to that genus ; but the broken ventral beak shows no
other characters than those of Rhynchonella, and the shell-structure is
not punctate but distinctly fibrous.

Position and locality. — Carboniferous rocks, Kock Canon, Wahsatch
range near Provo, Utah.

RHYIXCHONELLA METALLICA (sp. nov.) — Shell rather small, depressed,
or moderately inflated when adult, transversely suboval in outline ; antero-
lateral borders abruptly rounded ; front broadly rounded and scarcely
emarginated; postero-laterai margins straightened, laterally compressed,
and meeting the beaks at a very obtuse angle.

Dorsal valve more capacious than the ventral, broadly convex from
side to side, a little flattened near the beak, abruptly bent downward
at the margins ; mesial fold broad, not much elevated, discernible only
on the anterior part of the valve.

Ventral valve comparatively shallow, slightly convex from side to
side, and the same also from the urnbo to the antero-lateral margins;
beak small, prominent, and incurved over that of the dorsal valve ;
mesial sinus broad, becoming obsolete near the middle of the shell.

Surface marked by from fourteen to sixteen simple angular plica-
tions upon each valve, with angular interspaces of similar width between
them, all of which are continuous to the beaks ; about four of these are
borne in the mesial sinus, and five upon the mesial fold.

Length, ten millimeters; breadth, twelve millimeters; height, seven
millimeters.

This species resembles R. Cooperensis Shutnard from the Subearbon-
iferous strata of Missouri, but differs in having a less number of plica-
tions, and in wanting the numerous filiform, radiating striae of that
shell.

Position and locality. — Strata of the Carboniferous period, Old Potosi
mine, Lincoln County, Nevada.

Genus SPIRIFER Sowerby.

SPIRTFER (MARTINIA) GLABER var. CONTRACT A Meek and Worthen. —
The collection contains specimens from Camp Cottonwood, Lincoln
County, Nevada, that I am unable to separate from the above-named

21

species. The specimens were associated with the characteristic Carbon-
iferous or Coal-Measure species, while the type-specimens of Meek and
Worthen were obtained from the Chester limestone of the Subcarbon-
iferous series in Illinois.

Genus SPIRIFERINA d'Orbigny.

SPIRIFERINA SPINOSA var. CAMPESTRIS. — The collection contains
specimens of a species of Spiriferina from near Santa Fe, New Mexico,
and Camp Cotton wood, Lincoln County, Nevada, that correspond in all
essential respects with 8. spinosa Norwood and Pratten, except that the
specimens show none of the minute spines of that species. These speci-
mens were found associated with species that are characteristic of the
Upper Carboniferous period, while theirs were collected from the Chester
limestone of Illinois of the Subcarbouiferous series. It seems probable
that both this and the foregoing species survived from the Subcarbon-
iferous to the Upper Carboniferous period, with comparatively little
change.

Genus DIELASMA King.

DIELASMA ? BOVIDENS Morton (sp.) The species, so widely distri-
buted in the Carboniferous rocks of the United States, and so widely-
known under the names of Terebratula bovidens Morton and T. milli-
punctata Hall, is among the collections associated with species that are
its common associates elsewhere. It is found to possess comparatively
strong dental plates extending the lull length of the ventral beak, and
also a reflexed loop extending farther forward than the middle of the
shell. The exact details of the loop have not yet been made out ; but I
have at present but little doubt that the shell in question belongs to
genus Dielasma King.

CONCHIFERA.
Genus AVIOULOPEOTEN McCoy.

AVICULOPECTEN CoREYANA(*p. nov.)— Shell moderately large; width
not exceeding, or a little less than, the height ; margin of the basal half
forming almost a true semicircle; posterior margin thence continued
straight and parallel with the axis of the shell about half-way to the
cardinal margin, then curving outward, it forms with the last-named
margin a somewhat acute angle. Hinge-line a little longer than the
full width of the shell, at right angles with its vertical axis, projecting
farther backward than the posterior border, but not reaching quite so
far forward as the anterior border.

Left valve convex, most so in the umboual region ; beak prominent,
not projecting beyond the cardinal border ; posterior ear moderately
large, acutely angular at the outer extremity, not distinctly defined from
the body of the valve; anterior ear defined by a moderately deep byssal
sinus and a distinct depression running from it to the beak, not so prom-
inent as the other ; its outer border rounding downward and inward
from the cardinal border into the byssal sinus, where it is met by the
incurving anterior border of the body of the valve.

Surface marked by numerous fine, radiating costae of unequal size,
whjch are in turn marked by very fine radiating stria3, all crossed by
fine, concentric lines of growth and occasional coarser lines of increment.
Upon the posterior ear, the radiating costa3 are obsolete ; but upon the

22

anterior ear, they are coarser than those of the body of the valve, and
somewhat corrugated. Right valve unknown.

The specimens are all broken in some parts, but the height, anterio-
posterior breadth, and length of the hinge-line all seein to be about
equal — about six centimeters in the largest example.

This shell somewhat resembles A. om"cfcttto£t$ Snumard, but differs in
its greater proportionate width, in being less contracted below the ears,
its less distinctly defined posterior ear, its finer and more unequal costie
and greater size.

Position and locality. — Carboniferous strata, east of Mount Taylor,
one mile south of Pajuate, New Mexico.

Genus MONOPTERIA Meek and Worth en.

MONOPTERIA MARIAN (sp. nov.} — Shell nearly or quite equivalve,.
slender, much extended posteriorly, curved ; curvature greatest in the
anterior half of the shell ; posterior half nearly straight ; body gradually
tapering to near the posterior end, which is sharply rounded ; a more
or less prominent angle is sometimes, in part, raised as a distinct ca-
rina, which extends along the middle of the body of each valve from the
beak to the posterior end; from this carina or angle the sides slope
abruptly to the inferior and upper borders, so that a section of the shell
behind the ear would give a rhomboid outline. Beaks moderately prom-
inent, separate; hinge equal in length to about half the full length of
the shell, and its direction nearly parallel with the posterior half of the
body; posterior wing well developed, not sharply defined from the body ;
cardinal portion moderately extended ; anterior ear obsolete ; lunule mod-
erately large and deep, its margins sharply rounded.

Surf ace some what smooth in appsarance, but is marked by very numer-
ous fine lines of growth.

Length from front to posterior extremity, four centimeters ; height
from base to hinge-margin, eighteen millimeters ; average width of the
body of the shell, about one centimeter.

This shell is related to M. longispina Cox (sp.) but differs from that
species in its more slender and less deeply-curved body, and in having a
much shorter ear-spine than the one represented in the figure given by
Professor Cox.

Position and locality. — Strata of the Carboniferous period, Camp
Apache, Arizona.

GASTEROPODA.
Genus MACROCHEILUS Phillips.

MACROCHEILUS ANGTULIFERA (sp. nov.) — Shell of medium size, irreg-
ularly rhombic in outline by side-view ; spire about equal to two-fifths
the full height of the shell, acutely pointed ; volutions six or seven,
increasing somew-hat rapidly in size, more or less convex; but in some
cases the upper part of their sides is considerably flattened, and the
upper portion of the volution squarely truncated to the suture, forming
a distinct angle with the side. In other cases, the angle is less distinct ;
but it is perceptible in all, and in all the suture is distinctly impressed.
When the angle is distinct, there is a well developed spiral shelf extend-
ing from the upper margin of the aperture to the apex. Aperture
irregularly oval, more or less truncated above by the shelf referred to,
effuse below ; outer lip sharp ; columella a little tortuous, or nearly on a

23

line with the axis of the shell. Surface apparently smooth, except the
ordinary lines of growth.

Lecigth of the largest specimen, thirty-six millimeters ; width of last
volution, twenty -th»ee millimeters.

This shell differs from other species of Macrocheilus in the possession
of such an angle as has been described at the upper part of the whorls.

Position and locality. — Carboniferous strata at Gamp Cottonwood,
Spring Mountain range, Nevada.

Genus DENTALIUM Linnaeus.

DENTALIUM CANNA (sp.-nov.) — Shell large, thin, straight or slightly
curved ; section circular or nearly so ; surface marked by numerous
encircling lines of growth crossed by fine, obscure, longitudinal striaB.

Our specimens indicate that individuals of this species reached a
length of ten or twelve centimeters. The largest fragment measures
nine millimeters in diameter at the ftase, and at a distance of five centi-
meters toward the apex, the diameter is six millimeters.

The great size of this species, together with its delicately- marked sur-
face, clearly distinguishes it.

Position and locality. — Strata of the Carboniferous period, near Salt
Lake, New Mexico, and near Relief Spring, Arizona.

MESOZOIC.
JURASSIC PERIOD.

CONCHIFERA.
Genus CAMPTONECTES Agassiz.

CAMPTONECTES STYGIUS (sp. nov.) — Shell of medium size, thin, lentic-
ular ; length of the hinge-line a little more than half the height of the shell
from basal margin to beak, very slightly oblique with the axis, which
inclines a little posteriorly, although it does not at first view appear to,
because a trifle more than one half the width of the shell is in front of it ;
the margins of the lower two-thirds regularly rounded, the basal portion
having rather a shorter curve than either the anterior or posterior por-
tion.

Right valve smooth, depressed-convex; posterior ear rather small,
plain, its outer border forming a somewhat obtuse angle with the cardinal
border; anterior ear moderately large, prominent, proportionally nar-
row, the upper and lower sides approaching each other at an acute angle ;
anterior border extending farther forward than the extremity of the
anterior ear, at which part it is abruptly rounded and then continued
backward and upward almost straight to the bottom of the byssal notch.

Surface nearly smooth, but concentric lines and strire of growth are
visible, and in a favorable' light indications of radiating costte may also
be observed.

Height from base to beak, forty-one millimeters; width, forty millime-
ters ; length of hinge-border, twenty-three millimeters.

This shell resembles C. bellistriatus Meek aud Hayden, from the Juras-
sic strata of Dakota, but it differs in the outline of the borders, the shape
of the ears and byssal notch, and in the surface-markings.

Position and locality. — " Edge of the bluff, fifteen to twenty miles south
of Dirty Devil River, and upon the North Fork of Virgin River, Utah."
Rocks of Jurassic age.

24
GASTEROPODA.

Genus NERITINA Lamarck.

»

NERITINA PHASEOLARIS (sp. nov.} — Shell small, obliquely suboval ;
volutions apparently from two and a half to three and a half, the last
one composing all but a very small portion of the whole surface in sight;
aperture obliquely ovate, apparently not crenulated.

In some specimens, the convexity of the outer volution, from the base
of the small elevated fold which is appressed against the spire, to the
margin of the aperture, is quite regular, but in others this volution has a
revolving, rounded prominence, a little nearer to the suture than the
base, which causes a more or less conspicuous flattening at its side as
well as a slighter flattening between the prominence and the suture.

Surface marked by moderately distinct lines of growth, and sometimes
faint indications of revolving striae are also seen.

Greatest diameter of the oval outline of our largest specimen, thirteen
millimeters ; shorter diameter, ten millimeters ; greatest height, lying
with its aperture downward upon a table, eight millimeters.

Position and locality. — Strata of Jurassic age, Salt Greek, near Nephi,
Utah, where it is associated with Pentacrinus asteriscus Meek and Hay-
den.

Genus ANCHUBA Conrad.

ANCHURA NUPTIALIS (sp.nov.) — Shell small; body subfusiform ; spire
moderately prominent, acute, nearly or wholly iucrusted by callus, so
that the volutions are obscurely seen except where the callus is exfoli-
ated: volutions about seven; revolving angle obscure upon the volutions
of the spire, even when bared by exfoliation of the callus, but is more
distinct upon the body-whorl, and ends in a slender, falciform prolonga-
tion of the lip. This prolongation diverges widely from the axis of the
shell, but reaches nearly as far backward as the apex of the spire ; ante-
rior border of the lip with a prominent, rounded lobe, placed just forward
of the base of the falciform process, and which is about as wide as that
process is at its base ; from this lobe, the border of the lip passes for-
ward with a concave curve to the base of, and ends in, the long, slender,
anterior canal. Aperture unknown.

Length from the apex of the spire to the end of the anterior canal,
twenty millimeters; width, measuring across from the base of the
falciform process of the lip, nine millimeters ; spire, falciform process,
and anterior canal, each about seven millimeters.

Position and locality. — Strata probably of .Jurassic age, fifty miles
north of Camp Apache, and five miles west of Mineral Spring, Arizona.

CRETACEOUS PERIOD.

CONCHIFEEA.
Genus PINNA Linnaeus.

PINNA PETRINA (sp. nov.} — Shell moderately large, broad, rather thick
for a species of this genus, rapidly expanding in height as it increases in
length ; dorsal margin concave ; ventral margin convex ; a more or less

25

strongly-raised carina extending from the break to the posterior margin,
defining a prominent longitudinal angle along the median portion of
each valve, a little nearer the ventral than the dorsal border ; section
rhomboidal, the sides of the rhomb being slightly convex ; posterior
margin oblique with the axis of the shell, forming a distinct but obtuse
angle with the dorsal margin. The acute angle, which it would form
with the ventral margin if it continued its direct course, is abruptly
rounded.

Surface marked by strong, distinct lines of growth, which run obliquely
downward and backward in a nearly direct course from the dorsal
margin, across the mesial angle, to near the ventral margin, where they
are abruptly flexed forward, and blend with the ventral border. Gross-
ing the lines of growth upon the surface above the mesial angle, there
are coarse but indistinct radiating striae and occasionally still more
indistinct traces of similar ones below that angle, all of which are more
discernible upon the anterior than upon the posterior part of the shell.

Some of the largest specimens measure seven and a half centimeters
in width along the posterior margin, and they must have been not less
than seventeen centimeters in length when entire.

The large size, proportionally great width, and angular aspect of this
shell distinguish it from any other likely to be confounded with it.

Position and locality. — Strata of Cretaceous age, east of Mount Taylor,
one mile south of Pajuate, New Mexico.

Genus CAMPTONECTES Agassiz.

CAMPTONECTES PLATESSA (sp. nov.) — Shell thin, suborbicular in out-
line; hinge-line equaling in length about one-balf of the transverse
diameter of the valves ; ears sharply defined ; posterior ear short, flat,
its outer margin slightly concave; anterior ear moderately large, marked
by radiating striae and concentric lines of growth.

The anterior ear of the right valve separated from the body -portion
by a deep, rather narrow, and somewhat angular sinus, which is about
one-half as deep as the length of the ear from its outer extremity to the
beak.

Radiating striae fine, distinct, increasing in number so rapidly that
the direction of the outer ends of those behind the middle of the shell
is transverse, and farther posteriorly they are even distinctly recurving ;
the radiating striae crossed by fine, concentric striae, and occasionally by
more distinct lines of growth.

Height and length, each about forty-five millimeters.

Position and locality. — Strata of Cretaceous age, fifty miles jiorth of
Camp Apache, and five miles west of Mineral Spring, Arizona.

Genus INOCERAMUS Sowerby.

INOCERAMUS DIMIDIUS (sp. nov.) — Shell very small, thin, inflated,
sometimes much so, obliquely subovate in outline ; valves subequal,
the left one being somewhat more capacious than the right; beaks small,
prominent, acute, incurving, and pointing a very little forward; hinge-
line straight or nearly so, rather short.

Surface marked by more or less regular and more or less strong
folds or undulations, which in some cases exist on only the upper por-
tion of the shell, the remainder being smooth or marked only by fine,
concentric lines of growth. This cessation of, or irregularity in, the
formation of the concentric folds was sometimes connected with con-
siderable distortion of the usual symmetry of the shell.
3 IF

26

Greatest length of a fair average specimen, from the umbo to the
postero-ventral margin, twenty-six millimeters ; thickness, sixteen mil-
limeters.

This species is distinguished from others of the genus by its small size,
prominent, pointed beaks, and subequal valves. From the young of I.
problematicus, it is distinguished by the usual characteristics of mature
growth.

Position and locality. — Strata of Cretaceous age, Ojo del Pescado, New
Mexico.

Genus LEIOPISTHA Meek.
Subgenus Psilomya Meek.

LEIOPISTHA (PSILOMYA) MEEKII (sp. nov.) — Shell short, much inflated;
umbones large, elevated; beaks small, strongly curved inward and down-
ward, and very slightly turned forward ; posterior portion moderately
produced, somewhat compressed laterally; the free margins forming a
regular but unequally convex curve, the greatest convexity being in
front, and the least along the base ; upper portion of the posterior bor-
der obliquely truncated, so that the greatest posterior extension of the
shell is a little below the hinge-extremity.

Surface smooth in general aspect, but it is marked by fine-concentric
lines of growth. Under a lens, very fine, obscure, radiating stria3 are
seen upon a little more than the anterior half of the shell; and upon the
remainder of the surface, except a small portion adjoining the posterior
cardinal border, there are small, somewhat distant, radiating striae,
easily seen by the unassisted eye. Upon these striae, both the distinct
and obscure, the lens shows numerous minute punctures, placed at
irregular intervals, which are the bases of minute, short, blunt spines,
or mark the places from which they have been removed.

Length, twenty-five millimeters; height, from base to umbo, twenty
millimeters ; greatest thickness, both valves together, sixteen millime-
ters.

This shell seems to be more nearly related to L. globosa (=Poromya
globosa Forbes,) than to any other described species. Compared with
that species, as figured and described by Stoliczska (Cretaceous Fauna
of Southern India, volume III, page 47, plate III, fig. 8; and plate XVI,
fig. 16), this specimen differs in being less globular, in having the
. umbones more elevated, and in the more distinct, radiating striae upon the
posterior half of each valve.

This species belongs to an interesting group of shells, embraced within
the family Anatinidce, which Mr. F. B. Meek has defined under the
generic name of Leiopistha, of which genus he regards the Cardium
elegantulum of Eoemer as the type. He has also divided the genus into
three sections or subgenera, under the names of Leiopistha proper, Cy-
mella, , and Psilomya (the latter yet in manuscript). The species here
described is regarded as a typical one of the last-named subgenus. The
completeness and precision with which that distinguished paleontolo-
gist has done the work upon this group of shells reflect great credit
upon the science, and it affords me pleasure to name this species in
his honor.

Position and locality.— -Strata of Cretaceous age, southeast of Paria,
Utah.

27
GASTEEOPODA.

Genus CASSIOPE Coquand.

CASSIOPE WHITFIELDI (sp. nov.) — Shell large, elongat-econical, um-
bilicate ; volutions apparently about twelve, prominent, and promi-
nently angular below the middle of the visible portion, slightly con-
cave from the prominent revolving angle to the suture below, also
very slightly and somewhat irregularly concave from that angle to the
suture above. A little below the suture there is a rather small, shallow
furrow, with its borders,- above and below, raised into more or less dis-
tinct, revolving ridges.

Upon the under side of the last volution, which is rather strongly
convex, there are three small revolving ridges, one of them bounding
the umbilicus, the other two near each other above the middle of the
space and continuous to the apex of the shell. It is between the two
last-named ridges that the upper edge of each succeeding volution joins
the preceding one. Umbilicus moderately large and deep ; aperture
subovate in outline ; outer lip sinuate, having a broad, shallow notch
above its middle, projecting and rounded abruptly into the umbilicus
below.

Surface marked by more or less strong, undulating lines of growth,
fine, revolving lines absent or obscure.

Diameter of the last volution of our largest specimen, nearly four and
a half centimeters ; the full height of the same, when entire, must have
been not far from eleven centimeters.

This shell more nearly resembles Turretella Mortoni Conrad in general
aspect than any other described species ; but the presence of an umbil-
icus separates it generically from that shell.

Dedicated to Mr. E. P. Whitfield, the accomplished palaeontologist of
Albany, N. Y.

Position and locality. — Cretaceous strata, at the head of Le Verken
Creek, and also in Pace's Canon, Utah.

FOURTEEN DAY USE

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