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Baker, Frances J.
The story of the Uomanib Fureign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1869-1895 [micro- form] / by Frances J. Baiter.
Cincinnati : Cranston and Curts ; New Yoric : Hunt and Eaton, 1896, c1895.
436 p., [2] leaves of plates (1 folded) : ill., map ; 20 cm.
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Microfiche. Chicago : American Theological Library Association, 1986. 1 microfiche ; 11 x 15 cm. High reduction. Silver teased film. (ATLA monograph preser- vation program ; ATLA fiche 1986-0004).
ISBN 0-8370-6004-4 (microfiche)'
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1. Methodist Episcopal Church. Woman's Foreign ' Missionary Society- -History.
2. Missions- -History- -I9th. century.
3. Women missionaries- -Uni ted States- -History- - 19th cegtury.
4. Methodist Episcopal Church- -Missions. I. Title.
II. Series: ATLA monograph preservation program ; ATLA fiche 1986-0004.
BV2550.A45B3 1896
Jesui t-Krauss-HcCormick Library
■ ,.'. x.^-; -^t
\
MISS ISABELL\ THOBURN.
"^^mi^j^^i^rimsw'vr^ ■w?-= v-"^^^- ■
■ ^
THE STORY
OF THK
'woman's foreign missionary Society
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
1809-1895.
MISS f RANGES J. BAKER.
CINCINNATI: CRANSTON «t CURTS.
NEW YORK: HUNT & EATON
1896.
Mccormick :. hiological seminary
LIBRARY.
♦
COPYRIGHT BY FKANCES J. BAKKK.
PREFACE.
WHILE many tilings have been written on the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society,' and much inforjnation has been pul)lished, there is no one work which supphes the information contained in this vohime, or that 'preoccupies the fieUl. In an experience as an itinerant for many years there has been found a demand for this^very work, giving the scope of a Society jvhich is as broad as the needs of heathen women, and the knowledge of what has been acconi])lished by Meth^jdist wor.ien at home for their Sisters across the sea. llestricWUiJn limitations, it became an unfortunate necessity to \mit much valu- i»ble material, even the mention of tlie names of so many of the great leaders of the Society, who in nfeiiy States and Territories have wrought and are still working, who by their faith have removed mount- ains, of vhom the world is not worthy ; and of many others who are not, for God has taken them ; and for the same reason biographical sketches of the mission- aries have scarcely been touched upon, though the illustrations of the twelve pioneers have been fur- nished. Incidents which may be regarded as beneath the dignity of historj- have found a welcome place in this simple and familiar story.
After all the time and labor expended, the book must be closed incomplete. This is as it should be.
r^^'^^
o- '^
■; W-W*^Si
4 . Preface.
The chronicles of an extinct nation, the archives of a buried city can he recorded to the last line, and "Finis" written at the bottom of the page. But the history of a living Missionary Society must be a diary unfinished until "the kingdoms of this world have become the kilhgdonis of our Lord and of his Christ." '
And now, as I come to the end otthis task which I had set myself, I wish, of course, that I could have performed it more to iny own satisfaction, and that of my readers.
It was not possible to give due credit as I pro- ceeded, to all the soui'ces appropriated for this vol- ume. Among them may be .specified the files of the General iixecutive Reports; Heathen Woman's I-'riind , Annual Reports of the Missionary Society; various Branch Reports; the printed Reports and Minutes of the several India Conferences, Japan and Foochow; " India and Malaysia ; " " Light in the East ; " Church Weeklies; Woman's Work in the Far East ; publica- tions on our Missions in India and China; 'Mi.ssionary Lett^s and Journals. I am also indebtedto Mesdames Gracey, Butler, L. N. Wheeler, Sites, S.'l. Baldwin,* O. W. Scott, Achard.'L. F. Harrison, and Miss Dreyer; to many missionaries on the field and at home, of our own and the General Society /to some of the Branch, Secretaties, Corresponding and Recording; also Con- ference Secretaries; besides many other home workers^ Scores of persons have placed me ulider obligation to • them for some simple item of information. Thank .
you.
MISS FR.\NXES J. BAKER.
MORKNX-i, Mich.
CONTENTS.
^ PACK.
Introduction, 9
CHAPTHR I. (IRO.ANIZATIOX ' 13
cii,\pti-;r II.
IxtRtASiNG Activities ■ ■ 35
CHAPTER III. Branch History, 46
CHAl'TKR IV. Camp-meeting and OrtiicR .\s.sKMm.iKS, 64
CHAPTUR V. LiTKR.m'RE. , . . . . 73
CHAPTKR VI.
Gekmas Work,'. .,...-. 93
Ik 1
CHAPTER VH.
MiscKi.i-.^NEors 107
CHAPTER VIH.
Medical Missions— India,' 117
It
CHPTER IX. MKDic\t, Missions— China, Jap.\n, and Korea 147
• .\ (i
CHAPTER X.
India, '
If .
5
- • '■ ■^ . *
■ :,■■■■ . -•■■... • • ■* '■■ ■ :.' - -"■- ■■■ ;-vVWs--
6 • Contents.
CIlAPTi;!* XI.
• ♦ . I'AllB. Cl^N-A, . . .' 26j
f
CIIAI'TIiR XII. Japan-, Korea, IU'U'.aria ^- • 3>5
ciiai'Ti:r XIII.
ITAI.Y, MK.VICO, SulTII .\M1;RICA, AXO Al-HICA • ■ 357
ClIAI'TUK XIV. Ki.mikiscp;nci;.s. . i'. 399
SXATISTICAL. ■
FORKIGN SrMMARV, 1S94 42I
JIlSSlONARIES 423
Sessions op the Gknerai, Execitivk Co.mmittki:.. . . 432
List 01- Reai, Estate , 43J
AiTicNnix, 436
♦ * . *
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ILLUSTRATIONS.
Paoi.-
Tkkmoxt Strkut Cm hch, IIoston, 14
Mrs. Lois IC. I'arkkh 16
Mrs. Ci.f.mi;ntina Ruti.kr, . . . , 19
Mrs. jKNNiK I". WiM.iNi; a;.
Miss Is.\hki. H.\rt, .,..'' 39
Mrs. J. T. Gr-\ckv, 41
Mrs. Adhmni-: M. Smith 44
CliRRKSrONDlM'. SHIRIvT.IRIKS ~ 47
OFKltKRS OF THb; NoRTHWKSTirR.N HR.WCII 51
A LITTI.K Lu-.IIT llKARKR, 62
First Mat of India Missions fncing page 74
India's Children 87
Miss Ci.ara A. Swain, M. U., I'irst Medical Missionary, . 120
Kyino-in Rooms, Barkii.i.y HosriTAH India 127
Mrs. Nancie MoNKi.i.KftlANSKi.i., M, D 13S
Miss SicocRney Tkask, M. D. 155
Hi" KiNC. JCno 159
' Korean Hospitai., Seoui 171
Pioneers (The Kast), . .'. 1 17S
Miss Is.vdei.i.a Thohirn, I'frst Mis»ioimry, ' . 181
Dormitory (Aires' School, Iacknow, 1S3
I.ucK,N()\Y Christian School Girls 187
Miss Ellen D'Ahreu, B. M 190
Mrs. Sophia D'Abrru Thompson, n. A., 191
Miss Lilayats Sinoh, B. A., 192
Miss Phede Rowe ' ... 195
7
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■'•-T.^9^*''.-" ■"*' ■ •'■ ^ K
K" r^'
''s-;v
« " jLLUSfRATlONS.
Paob.
Off for a Picnic, ■ , /• J"7
Miss Maky Rki;iv • . / ;■ ■ 266
YoiNc. XIoiiammfdanAvomhn . 23S
Miss C.RAtK Sti;imif>s, _ 242
Miss Mary A. I)ANyo¥Tii, ^ 334
Miss Clara Proca, 349
IU'i.r.AKUx CiiRi/s 350
I'1(ini:i;ks (Tiii/I,\tix Kaci si 356
GlKI.S' llDMl./SCHlHll,. RoMl'., ? 364
^- ' iMtOiOGlGAL SEMINAW ' •
INTRODUCTION. ^
F.KMALK MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
ABOIT ninety days after the organization of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Churcli— viz., July 5. i8m — a Woman's Auxiliary wa.s formed in the Wesleyan Seminary in Forsyth Street, New York City. Rev. Xathau Bangs offered prayer, and afterwards stated the objects of tlie" meeting. Mrs. Mary W. Mason was elected " First Directress," and held the office during the wliole period of the history of the " Female Missi4fc|y Society." Mrs. Dr. Seaman was elected Trea.surCT; and Mrs. Caroline • M. Tliayer Secretary. The address to the "Female Members of the Methodjj^ Episcopal Church," sent out by tl'iis band of devoted women, is still on file, aij<l worthy to be sent out again to tlie women of the Churcli. We (|uole a few words: "Shall we, who dwell in ea.se and ^plenty, whose tables are loaded with the bonuties of Providence, and who.se persons are clothed with the finc-wroughtlmaterials of the Eastern looms; shall we wl^o .sit under the droppings » of the sanctuary, and are blessed with the stated or- dinances of the house of God, thus highly, thus graciously privileged, — .shall we deny the small .sub- scription this institution solicits to carry the glad tidings of free .salvation to the .scattered inhabitants of the wilderness?'"
In 1855, the S(jciety had become almost inactive,
9
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'i^JTirs**"*?^:" r -T »> r"?^
lO ISTRODUCTIOS. ,
i
"crowded out of the field by the Jiew missionary or- Knnizatioti.t indroductd into the Churches." So far iis we are able to learn, the last report was made iii_ 1861, and says: "Almost all our founders, with the earliest doiiots and siibscriliers, have passed away ; ~ several are still with us, strivinjj to do what they can. Now each Cliurcli is desirous to report a large mis- sionary collection; every Sunday-sctiool is anxious to excel in their contributions. This accounts for our diminislied receipts. Now we can only be gleaners in this work. While we regret our shortcomings, yet, as ^ Society, we may be stimulated to renewed dili- gence by a short review of what has fceen done. We have rfeason to believe that our collections from the commencement in 1819, have been over $20,000, which, except for small ex])eiises, have bten paid to the Parent Society. Beside this, there have been contributions in clothing, bedding, books, etc., for mission schools. In earlier yfiars we have done much in assisting mi.ssion schools utjder the, care of Rev. William Case and Rev. John Clark. In later years, we also assisted the school of the late Ann Wilkins."
NEW YORK LADIES' HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
In 1845 the " Ladies Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Epi.scopal Church" began its honored career of charity and benevolence among the poor of the city of New York, and with woman's faith and ' heroic courage, in 1850, they said, " We must take Five Points for Christ,'" and applied to the New York Conference for a missionary.
By an act of the State Legislature, passed March 20, 1856, Mrs. Caroline R. Deuel. (afterward Mrs.
-!?:.-.
;3?!'^i!isvp»?ff?f^«^^
ISTKODVCTlOlf,. - II
Governor Wright), Mrs. Pliebe Palmer, Mrs. Helen M. Carlton, Mrs. Julia M. Olin, Mrs.Jarie E. Barker, Mrs. Harriet B. Skidmore, and Mrs.'L. A. Holdich, and tlifir a.ssociatcs and .succe.s.sor.s, were constituted a body corporate by the name of the " New York Ladies' Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church."
The history of Five Points mission electrifies the land. Such heroism and achievement are rarely witnessed.
L.^DIES' CHINA MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF BALTIMORE. Contemporaneously with the planting of Meth- odi.st missions in China in 1847 was the formation of, the " Ladies' China Mi.ssionary Society of Baltimore." This, we believe, was a pioneer among 'Methodist women, working specifically for heathen women, and during the twenty years of its separate existence, with patient continuance in well-doing, it worthily ' su.stained the missionary work among the,women'of China. 'In 1859 this Society took under its fostering care the Baltimore Female Academy in Foochow, and granted $5,000 for .suitable buildings. The Misses Woolston took charge of the school. For ten years it paid to tlje Parent Society $300 annually. On the ^d of March, 1871, pas,sed away the Ivadies' China Mi.ssionary Society of Baltimore, and from it came the formative impulse to the Woman's Foreign Mis- sionary'Society in Baltimore, while it became merged in the Baltimore Branch of that Society.
c\
'la Introduction.
THE WOMAN'S VNION MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
The \Vomaii's Union Missionary Society was or- ganized in the fall of'' 1 860, comprising the wotaen of half a dozen or more leading evangelical denomina- tions, including the Methodist Episcopal, under the leadership of Mrs. T. C. Doreraus. It was patterned soniewliat after the English " Society for Promoting Female Education in the East." After seven years of union effort it was believed; by many that the end sought could be beMer attained through denomina- tional organizations. The Congregationalists were the first to draw out in 186.S, and the Methodist Epis- copal in 1869, others following in the .succeeding years.
The first donation made for distinctive woman's work in the North India Conference was a check of $50 from this Society to 'Mr.s. J. T. Gracey soon after her arrival in India, in 1861, for the em- ployment of .some native Christian woman as Bible reader or teacher. This was the beginning thirty-four years ago of the $u('>,535 in 1895, for India from the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of tl\e Methodist Epi.scopal Church.
^ f^Jipf ,(«^^^^g^i|^^{3»n..S5^5ij5^^-^ ■
. T H E
WOMAl^'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY
OF THE ^
METHODIST HI'ISCOPAL CHURCH.-
Chapter I.
( ORGANIZATION.
GREAT interest attaches to all the 'circumstances and stages of the first incepffon of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. Twelve years after the movement was inaugurated, one of the original actors prepared a doc- ument which forever removes the Society from the perils of oblivion on the one hand, or of legend on' the other, and had it personally signed by all the ladies present at the first meeting, with tjie exception of Mrs. E. W. Parker, ui India. It is, therefiire, a com- pleta and authentic account of the origin of the So- ciety, and was written with great care by Mrs. William Butler: .
",A(ter having labored ten years in India, Rev. E. W. Parker and wife returned to the United States in March, 1869, for re.st and a renewal of health. On arrival they were met by Dr. William Butler, and ac-
13
• •w^'^y;w/r7^WF^^^^'
14 lVo.v.4A's Foreign ifitsiONARY Society.
*
compauied him to liis home in South Hostoii. Their visit gave opportunity tor niucli conversation on the state and prospect of the work in India, and how it might be aided and enlarged.
"On vSunday afternoon (March 14th) Di. Butler preached a missionary sernion. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis
TRKMONT STREET CHtRCH, BOSTON.
Flanders, of Tremont Street Church, were present to hear this discussion. After service, Mr. and Mrs. Flanders came to the parsonage to meet the newly ar- rived missionaries, and thus these three ladie.s— Mrs. ' Parker, Mrs. Flanders, and Mrs. Butler — were provi- dentially brought together, and were led earnestly to
• Organization. • * 15
consider the subject of the condition of women. in India, and the powerltssness of the missionaries to do anything to alleviate their stale on account of their isolation. Mrs. Parker expressed her deep conviction that unless Christian women took up this work as a special and separate duty, it would not be practicable to evangelize India to any great extent. Women alone could have access to women there.
"The question waathen raised whether something could not be done to meet this stata of things, and whether, if the New England ladies of the Church would take it up, the ladies of the West would be likely to sustain them. Mrs. Bitfler then described what the ladies of the Congregational Churches had done in the line of organizing a society, and showed some of the publications of the Woman's Board, in- cluding a copy of Light and Life, and also their con- stitution, with a leaflet on zenana work; and turning to Mrs. Flanders, she said : 'Mrs. Parker and I would like to see a Woman's Foreign Missionary Society in our Methodi.st Episcopal Church. Can not you help us?' Mrs. Flanders replied: 'If others can do this, the women of the Methodist Episcopal Church can, and it is clearly their duty to engage in this important work!' Mrs. Flanders volunteered to present the sub- ject to the ladies of the Tremont Street Church and request their co-operation.
" Accordingly, on Tuesday afternoon, March i6th, at the meeting of the Ladies' Benevolent Society of that Church, about thirty ladies being present, Mrs. Flanders -spoke to roost of them individually on the nece.ssity of forming a Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. When the business of the evening was con-
1 6 W0.VAJV'S FOKEIGS MISSION AKY SOCIETY,
eluded, the meeting was called to order, and Mrs. Flanders addressed the ladies on the subject. A favor- able response was given, and a committee, consisting of Mrs. Joshua Merrill and Mrs. inlanders, was ap- pointed to see Mrs. Parker and Mrs. Butler, and in- vite them to come on the following Tuesilay ( March 23d), and explain more fully to those present the im- portauce and the practicability of such a socftty.
Mrs. Parker and Mrs. Butler readil^' consented. Notice.'' were sent to the Methodi.st Churches of Boston and^ vicinity, and were read on the next Sabbath (March 21st) in all save one, — the notice . having failed to reach Trinity Church, Charles- t»wii. But Tuesday, the 23d, proved such a .stormy day, Mrs. Parker and Mrs. Hutler, on arriving at Tremont Street Church, fdund,only six ladies to meet them. These ladies were Mrs. Lewis Flanders, Mrs. Thomas A. Rich, Mrs. William B. Merrill, Mrs. Thomas Kingsbury, Mrs. P. T. Taylor, and Mrs. H.J. Stoddard. A resolution to orgaui/e was taken. Mrs. Flanders presided, Mrs. Butler offered praj'er, and Mrs. Parker addressed the little circle, showing in a thrilling and impressive way the need the women of India had of the gospel, and Why it could only be brought to them. by women who liould consecrate themselves to the work. All pres-
Mhs l.oia r.iHK>-K.
.;iV-r?^s^**i^''
Organization. 17
ent seemed to feel thi." respoiisihili^y and the impor- tance of this duty thus coming upon the women of the Church to send out sinffle ladits as missionaries to women in heathen lands.
"A Committee on Nomination of Officers was<ap-
* pointed, of which Mrs., Flanders was President. Tliey agreed on a li.st of names, which was presented and' accepted.
"After singing the doxology, the ineeting was ad- journed to the following Tuesday (March 30th). An earnest effort Win* made to have the second meeting published in all our Boston chuiches. On the day of the meeting' a furious raiu again fell; yet, notwith- .standing. an increased attendance of ladies was se- cured, including Mrs. Dr. Warren, Mrs. H. H. Barne.s, and others,. evidencing the growing interest of the ladies as they became acfjuainted with the object of the Society.
. "A carefully-prepared constitution was pre.scnted to, and adopted by and for, the ' Woniifn's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church.' 0
"A large number of ladies joined, and some be- came life members of the Society. Mrs. Parker, Mrs. Butler, Mrs. Warren, and others, addressed the meet- ing.' Matters now assumed a regular form. The Society was established, and earnest work and earnest prayer soon extended its influence in all the Churches .. around, as well as in the West.
" The necessity of a periodical to represent this missionary work* was soon discu.ssed. Some feared it might not beiHu.stainedf but friendly hands were ready
* to .support it, among the rest Mr. Lewis Flanders,
1 8 Woman's FoKEioN MissioNAKY Society.
who offered to tftil the experiment to the extent of $500, if necessary. ' So encoitraged, tlie first number of the Heathen Woman's Friend was issued in the month of May, under the editorship of Mrs. Wm. F. Warren, and it has ■;:••" proved :t.s great value to the enterprise. It now ranks as one of the first mission- ary papers of the world.
"On the 7th of May the Mis-sionary Secretaries, Rev. Dr. Durbiu and Rev. Dr. Harris, met the mem- bers and friends of the new Society in the vestry of Bromfield Street Church, Boston, and after full and candid discus.<ion, everything was settled for cordial and harmonious working and relation with the Parent Society. The General Conference completed its rec- ognition as an institution of the whole Church, and from that hour on, its great influencing and extending power in all our foreign missious has evidenced how •truly its origin was from Him whose glory it seeks, and wlio.se redeemed creatures it is trying to bring to him as his inheritjnice. ' ,
"This is ii correct account of the origin, of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Meth- odist Epi.scopal Chjirch.
"(Signed,) Mrs. Rkv. Dr. Butlkr,^ • "Mrs. Lewis Flanders,
^ "Mrs. Thom.\s A. Ricii,
» "Mrs. Wm. 13. Merrill,
"Mrs. Thos. Kingsbury, "Mrs. O. T. Taylor, , "Mrs. H. J. Stoddard,
" Mrs. Rev. E. W. Parker (absent in India)."
OaafiiMzATiOflr.
««
The names <>f these right women arc engraved on • benutiful nicmorial window in Tremont Street ChurcA, lioston. It occupies a large space immedi- ately atK)ve the gallery iy the church, and is as beauti- ful as a work of art us it is significant as a chapter of remarkable history. The windcuv couNiiits of five panels. On tl'ie one at either sidi are floral repre- sentations, mostly of the lily, whili the other three contain the suggestfve record which iniparts to the/ window its uuic^ue in- terest. Tiie central panel has, near the top, an illn-, minatcd crown, while be» low#is a suggestive cross. Below these symbols are the words; "The Wom- an's Foreign Missionary Socirty of the Methodist Episcopal Churcli was or- ganized in this building, Maicli23, 1869." The two panels next, the center are inscribed with the names of the eiglit'women who on that day met iu the convenient committee-room of^ the cl'urcli and organized the Society.
An opportunity had been extended the entire membership Jto share in perpetuating the memory of this wonderful beginning, by contributing to the ex- pense of the memorial. The window was unveiled on the twentieth anniversary, when seven of the eight ^"founders" were present, and at the close of the after- noon progran* formally "received" the numerotus
Mug. CLKUfiMTINA BL'TLBR.
!S:
ao Woman's Fokkion AfissioNAiiy SociF.Tr,
gue-tts in the very toom wlitrc this Society was started oil its soul .saving mission. The opening (Icvotional exercii^s of the owcasion were conducted by Mrs. U. F. Porter, whose faith and heroi.sm in the beginning of the work wcr- ai; inspiration to liie little band of workers. The Secretary of the New England Branch, Mcs. I,. A. Alderman, in 'behalf of the officers and members of the Woman'j "Foreign Mis.sionary Society the world over, formally presented to the tru.stees of Tremont Street Church— as cnstodiai^s — the beautiful memorial window tltrouKh their pastor. Rev. Dr. Brodbeck, who responded in a stirring address on the remarka<»le history of the Society.
Greetings fiom Mrs. I'arker and Miss Thoburn were read ; the'Woman's Iloanl sent congratulations, and Dr. Clara Swain sixske on her experiences in Khetri. Then Mrs. Ur. Daniel Steele read a poem, fronr which we extract the closing stan/as :
When yotnlcr picturtMl cr\slal,
Tliroiinh wliich t!ii- Kuiili>;ht gleams,
Itus failed like the phantduis Of evaiiesieiit (Irinins; ,
When I'lace ^hall he no lunger I'or fliis nialeriiit »nn, ■ , In the new eartlj refnrnished,
And the new heaven begun, —
«
Then shall nieinurial grander Than human artists frame, ■,
" ■ ConuneuiDrate forever
Each wopjliy founder's name.
To crown the hills celestial.
That monument shall rise, .And all the assetnliled nations
Behold with wondering eyes,
•ft*-'!:*;
, OHGANIZATION. 31
I-'roin ((littering rotinitation, """ Uiito tile topniout (tour,
Builiicd of raiisoincil npiritn,
Who litaiul before lli^ ttiroiii.-. '
' I'rom^cvery laiiil hiiiI ikujiIc, < Troin every tribe iiiid tuiif^iie,
Shall silvery, treble voices ^
Join the triuniphuiit hoii^, - They who, from ilurkest iiiiiliil^ht, Itowetl <luwt) with Kill iiiul tihaiiie. Lifted by tHesc niid rescued, Have truttei) Jeaus' name.
Such, our beloved sinters,
Shall your ineiiiorial be. Its splendors niultiplyiiix
To all ele;'nity.
At the eveninR ineetinj;; Mrs. Di. Btitlcr spoke briefly, the closing address being Kiveii by Dr. Butler, who described the "glorious vision" which he beheld while re.sting on the empty cry.stal throne in the king's palace, Delhi, December 20, 1S57, when the last of the Mogul emperors was being tried for the murder of Chri.stiaiis. He claims, by divine .sug-. ge.stion there originated, not only the thought of an orphanage to care for the many children that would soon be left in misery and .starvation, many of them the sons and daughters of the Sepoy race, but also of a Woman's Missionary Society in America, to send the means to help educate the orphan girls and carry the gospel into the secluded zenana^.
At that second meeting of the Society, held March .^oth, a constitution was adopted embodying the recom- mendations of Dr. Durbin that the ladies should raise
•,»j Woman's foHKioN MissiONAMY SociRTY. ^^
funds fpr n particular jxirtion of our mission work in Inilia, perhops also in China, ajid to leave the. admin- istration of the work to the Board at home and the mission authorities aliroad.
The following were elected the officers:
I'MK»IUKNT. Mrs. Bidhop Osmon C. Ilaker» ^ , _^
VlCKl'«i;SII)FNTS. ' '," 1
Mrs. Bisliop Morris, SpriiiKfifl'l. Ohio.
Mrs. Ilisliop Janes, NeiH,York. •,
Mrs. Itisliop'ScoU, Oilessfl, Uel.
Mrs. Hisliop Simpsoii, I'hilBilclphia.
Mrs. llisliop Aiiifs, St. l.oiiis, Mo.
Mrs. Bishop Cliirk, Ciiiciniiiiti. '''V£
' Mrs. Bishop Thomsmi, Dt-lnware, O. 'm
Mrs. Bisl«jp KiiiKslcy, Ck-vi-lmi.l, O. , J
Mrs. Dr \, 1'- Durbin, Nuw Vork. • . |
Mrs. Dr. W. h. Harris, New Vork.
Mrs. Dr. Thomas Carlton, New York: ^
Mrs. Dr. Wni. Hiiller, T.ong Bramli, N. Y.
Mrs. Dr. T. M. IMdy.Halliniorc, Mil.
Mrs. Dr. J. 1'.. Newman, Wasliing^lon, D. C
Mrs. Dr. Aslmry I.owry, Jackson, O. ,
Mrs. Dr, (1. D Carrow, Pliilailelpliia. *
Mrs. \Vm. H. Spencer, Vliilailelpliia.
Mrs. S. I.. Gracey, WilminKton, lUl. . _ ^
Mrs. Dr. I'.. O. Haven, .\nn Arbor, Midi. i
"Mrs. Cook, ChicBKo.
Mrs. Dr. D. P. Kidiler. Kvansion, HI.. ^
Blrs, kev. James Baunie, Rockforil, 111. ^ ^
Mrs. Rev. David I'atlen, Boston, :^|
Mrs. li. !•■. I'orter, Uast Bostou. ' =
«. Mrs. Isaac Kicli, BiDston.
Mrs. Charles Worxlbury, Bostoi,
Mrs. A)''ert Kllis.Sonlb Boston.
Mrs. Rev. J. II. Twombly, CliarK'Stown, Mass.
Mrs. C. W. Pierce, Newton, Mass. • ;:
vl'
Omganixaiion.
'i
Mm. I'hilip Ilolway, Boston, Mu»».
Mr>. Livenis Hull, Churlcstown. MaM.
Mr». I.i-wi» 4''Uiiilrr», Boiloii, M«M.
Mra. Beiijitniiii II. n»riicii, Clu'liwa, Mrh.
Mr*. Rev. C N. Siiiitli, Wonesler, Maw.
Mrit. Rev. Dr. U' WVnlworlli, I'ittiiliclil, Mau.
Mm. Ri-v. K. T»)lc>r, rortlaml, Mc,
Mr>. RrV. I>r. Joneph CutumiiiK*i Mlilillctown, Cona.
MVs. Ri-v. Mark Trarioii, I'roviilencc, K. I.
Mr». Ik-iijiimiii IladftiT. CoiiC""!. N. II. J
Mr«. I'aul DilliiiKhaiii, Watfrbury, VI.
Mri. Cenrral Clinton H. l''iak. St. L,oui«, Mo.
Mr». Lee Clallln, llopkinton, Mas*
Mm. (luvernor William CluHin, lloMon.
llri. Rev. Ur. O, M. Steele, Appleton, Wit.
Mra. h. J. Hall.
Mrs. — — Frost. ,
Mm. Dr. Mayo.
Mm. I). \y. (ianlener.
Mrs. I,. li. OagKCtt.
MAN.^c.Klia. Mr». Hdward Otlii'ni.m. Mm. Henry Bowen. Mrs. William B. MvrriU. Mrs. M. K. Cnslinian. Mr«. Dr. \Voo<lvino. Mr». B. M. Howe. Mr». t>eor){e I<. Brown.
Rl-XDRlllNC. SlXKl'TARV.. Mrs. H. I. Pope, 47 Rutland S<|nare, Beaton.
AS*ISTANT RHCORDINC. SKCRHTAKV.
Miss S. 1'. Haskill, 5JI4 Beacon Street, Boston.
' CORRHSPONDINO SKCRRTARV. *
Mrs. Rul)y Warfield Tliayer, Newlonville, Mass.
^ TrkaSI'Ri'.R.
Mrs. Thos. A. Rich, 706 Treniont Street, Bostor.
Auditor. Mr. James P. Magee, 5 Cornliill, Boston.
On account of declining health, Mrs. Thayer re- signed, and Mrs. W. F. Warren, Cambridgeport/ Mass.,
14 Woman's FoKRiG.\ Miss/oNAitySocjETY.
Mrs. v.. W. Parker, India, and Mrs. Jenny, F. Willing, Rockfonl. III., wcri-cU-ctud Corrf-tpoiulinK ICditors. The first ])ulilic nii'i'linj; "f the Sociely Auh held ,in the llroiiifield Street CIiukIi, KdHton, M;iy .>6. 1.S69. presided over by Oovenior ClatJin. Ad<lressos were made hy prs. Warren, Butler, and I'arker, the last \w(), retMrTieil missionaries frojn India, setting forth the , threat need for such a Society. At the close, the women held a special iiieetin)?, and voted to send out their first inis.sionary. This was an ini[x)rtant hour in the history of the Society. With lar^e fajtli in Gml and in tlieir work, hut vMh very little money in the treasury, they took tjiis advanced action.' Miss Tho- liurn, of Ohio, had heen highly»recol1imended hy the Slissionary Secretaries of the Parent Hoard, and others, and, aft^r^i general discii,ssion, one of the com- • tnittee. Mrs. Porltr, said: " Sliall we lose Miss ThS burn becnnse we have not the needed money in our hands to send lier.> No. rather let us walk the streets of Bosicn in our calipo dresses, and save the cx|)ensc of more costly apparel. I move, then, the appoint- ment of Miss Th<>l>\irM as our missionary to India." • 'And they all sai<t " W'c will send her." Par^ of the money for her expenses was borrowed, but it was soon paid. Very soon after this came a^ appeal from our , missionaries in Iiulja for a mtdical woman, if such could be found, to take charge of a medical class' which had been orj^anized in the OrphanaKc at Ba- rcilly. The hope was exprcs.sed that such a person misht find her way intoJlie zenanas, help the.sick and sufTerinj; who were wiHiout any medical attention, and thus be able to present the gospel to them.. This seemed rather a heroic venture. In a few mouths the
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• ORGANId.iriON. J5
name of MisN CInra A. Swain, M. I>., was presented. The 'hi((lifMt tcstiinoninls were jri*'*"" t<> ''i-r nbility, aiul 4ie was accepted for tliis rcspoiisihlc iiiulc-rtakiiiK. These two representatives. Miss Thohiirn atiil Dr. Swain,' sailed from New York Noveinher ,i, 1H69, via HuKlaiid, for India, and reachftl their destination early in January* 1S70.
Farewell nu-«tiiiKs had l)«en held in Hoston And New York of thrilling; interest. In those e'l^ly days it was not always easy to jjet a jjentleift.in to. preside at a public meetitiK <>• thi!» sor), and tile brethren asked in the Rostoii :' Fari'weft," who had other en- gagements, with only e(|ualed by the Scripture .story . of the wed«lin(; guests, (lilbert Haven, always ready . to champion the weak, did not refu.se, and presided on this occasion, which developed -great enthusiasm, and was hallowed by many prayers. Another farewell meeting was held in old lledford Street C'hurch'in New Ytyk, flom which Ann Wilkinsh.id.gone to .Africa in 1836, audits walls never held a^^rMter, a more enthusi- astic, or a more .symnathetic audience than gathered 911 the evening of Novemt)cr 2, \i^. to sec- and bid G<h1 speed to the i>ioneer niissioimrics of the Woniaji's Foreign Missionary Society, and at fifty cents a ticket too! In its p\dpil sat Drs. J. M. Reid, Durbin, Har- ris, and Butler ; iMul in its chancel, on the pulpit steps, and wherever there was room, sjt a host of uiinLsters? from New York and adjacent cities,' to see thik strange thing that had come to pass, when two young women ^\ould leave their home and frien<ls to sail thqusands of miles away to a foreign shore, with no pledge of ' support save that of a handful of women! " '
The'work of organization went bravely on. Aux-
\t
^^:WfpWXSv!W<ff'W^-''-7^'^''-''i^'fti
a6 Woman's fOKKicN MisstosAKr SociKTr.
iliury .Societies sprang up evcrywiicrc, and missioiinry •Hlhusiiusiii was kiiulltd in the lioiiu; and in the Cliurch. Lynn, Mass., claims to Ik- the first to re- spond, several Chunhcs uniting in one Auxiliary. At fir.st, in many of the cities, only union Anxiliaries were forjned, as was the case in New York, when on June gth, in the chapel of St. I'aul'sChnrch a StKiety was organized auxiliary to the one in Bo.ston. Brook- lyn churches organized June 19th; then followed, in 1869, Bedford Street. Albany, Sing-Sing, and Troy. JoHrne> ing westward, the first Auxiliary in Ohio was organi/.ed in St. Clairsville, by Mis.s Thoburn, aftek her appointment as the first missionary of the new So- ciety. Then fi)llowed five others in th-ir order — St. Paul's, Delaware; .'Beltaire; Mt. Auburn, Cincinnati; Wheeling, West \'irginia, and William Street, iTclaware. Proceeding to Chicago as a center, we find Mr;^. Jeanettc G. Hauscr, a returned missionary from India, then in Milwaukee, was in corre-^pondence with Mrs. Parker in relation to the founding </ tiie .Society, and had promised her hearty .support. As soon as she learned that the organization was really effected, she set out to hayc an Auxiliary in Milwaukee. Early in June she had secured ten members, collected the Tecs, and had thirty subscriptions to the Heathen Woman's Frinid. Sunday evening, June 20th, Mrs. Jennie F. Willing organized an Auxiliary in Rockford, III., with twenty five members and forty subscribers to the Friend, and on the morning of that same day a notice was read in all the Methodist Churches in Milwaukee,* calling the pledged members, and any rthers who would join, to meet on the following Wednesday and elect officers.
*'T^H8|»i*^ ■
Okganixaiion.
'7
♦ MrH. WilliiiK was inviled to visit St. Loiiia, and ou April 3, i|^o. Auxiliaries were formed in Union, Trinity, and Central Cliiirches.
Love and zeal deepened as the work was laid upon
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MRS JRNNIE P. WILLING.
the Cliiiichcs. The method adopted for raising funds and i.nisccutinK the work of the Society was not by public collections for special work, ,but by every Christian woman laying aside two cents a \»eck, or the payment of one dollar a year, which .should consti- tule membership. So small was the amount that all
1,1 . # »
aS " WoMA.y '.s /^oKHti.y Mtss/of/.mr Sociti j . ,
wonivii, even the inoM luinitilc, coiild have a Hhare in . the work. The aim was to have un Anxiliary in every Church, ami every woman a memher. This was the first i>r);inii:ittioiro/ the littlts tliat have con- tinued to make a lull ami steady slream.Qf*bencricence. Not only, was the need sown in cilies and viilaKes, but at camp-nieftinK" ''l**©. September 17, 1869, ac- cording; to the fecripts of the Treasurer, Mrs. Rich, the first money Kiveii at a camp-meeting was at SiiiK- Sing, N. *., when several women contributed tlnJ sum of twenty dollars, and were thereby constituted life members. (.)tbers j-ave varying amonnts, which, al- ' togel'ier, aggregated ;5j7H.25.
, .♦ ROvVISi:!! ow.anizXtion.
The briginal plan of leaving the entire manage- ment of the' work st home to the General Society^ or Parent lloard, an<l of the work aliroad to its mis- sionaries w\ the field, proved within the firtit year impracticable through llu rapid growtlt'of Auxiliaries, . and the fact that the whole scheme wasWscd upon a ' constant and systematic gleaning of small sums, im- ; possible le accomplish except ■ by special methods. Tlierefore, what had becif planned' fi) meet tho" re- • «iuireiiieiits, so far as could then be antici])atcd, was '' found td be Inadeiiuate to meet the necessities of the » growth of the work.
. ' Hence, in December, JH69, a new constitution was
frijmed, on aiiotlwr pla», arrangkig (ipr co-ordinate
Branches, comprising certain districts with liead-'*
qnarters"at 'specified cities. The legislative power was
' - ' vested m a Oenera* Executive Committee, composed
.- of the Corri^ponchng ■ Secreltary and two delegates
OkganIxatios. 19
from etich Branch, who hhouKl iiicct< annually and have the general luanaKi'nieiit of tlic affairs of the Society. This new constitution, outtininx a plan of work 'so aduiiraMe that there has 'ticver been oc- ca.sk^n to change' it in any important detail, was sub- mitted to ilie I'^rent Board Missionary Society for its approval and Haiiction, which it rtocived. This comprehensive plan included, in 1895, some 6,333 organizations and i53,5H4 individuals, llu-ough whom, in steadily increasing amounts, Hhout jf_^, 500,000 has been realized,' the money colljcted and applied directly to the work abroad without the interveutign of a single salaried officer.
The work of Hranch ^organizations went rapidly forward in the following order: Xew I'.ngland, March loth; New Ytfrk, June 10, 1869. Philadefphia, March 3d; Northwestern, March 17th; Western, Apfil 4th; and Cincinnati, April 6, 1S70. * -
In districting the Church, provision was made for the orgaijizalion of Branches in the Southern pnd I'acific States. In what follows, for a time I .shall keep clyse to the guidalice of Mrs. Gracey's. " twenty ye.^rs " of history. '
A year soon passed — a year of laUor, of new experi- ences; a year in which prejuiliceslijjjlo be overcome among both ministers and nienj)(frs ot**t}ie Church ; for .some feared that tlie Soorely in its operations mi^ht interfere with the collections of xhe Parent Hoard. The women who *\ere working had iiot been trained in business methods, but they realized they were being di*'inely led.
The time drew near for the first annual meeting under the revised con.stitution. It was a gathering
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30 Woman's Fokeion Missionasy Soc/sry.
looked foTward to with the deepest interest. - Women who had been called out from the quiet seclusion of their homes to do this untried work, were to assemble from all parts of the country to rehearse their experi- ence. They had undertaken a work requiring human love and superhuman faith. The objects of their prayerful interest were thousands of miles away, far over the seas — women they had never seen. They had tried, during the year, to represent their condition to the women of the Church. They were to report their success in gleaning financial fields and in gather- ing the sheaves which had been let fall, "some of the handfuls, of purpose, for her." This gathering meant much, and many, eyes were turned towards the meet- ing-place cf the tribes, and many hearts were uplifted in prayer. *
The first Ge-:r"-al Executive convened in BostoiT", at the hou.se 01 T.irs. T. A. Rich, April 20, 1870, and the six organized Branches were represented by the following persons: The New England Branch, by Mrs. W*. F. Warren, Mrs. Dr. Patten, Mr.s. L. Flanders; the New York Branch, by Mrs. William Butler, Mrs. H. ^. Skidmore, and Mrs.. J. Olin; the Philadelphia Branch, by Mrs. J. T. Gracey, Mrs. A. V.,Eastlake; the Cincinnati Branch, by Mrs. E. W. Parker, who had just organized that Branch; the Northwestern Branch, by Mrs. J. F. Willing, Mrs. F. Jones ; and the Western Branch, by Mrs. L. E. Prescott. Mrs. Dr. Patten presided at this meeting. The report showed that $4,5.16.86 had been rai.sed during the year, and one hundred Auxiliaries had been organized. On Thursday, April 21st, an anniversary was held, and four returned missionaries were present, who, with
Organization. ,31
others, made addresses on ftHfereiit phases of the foreign work and its home development. During the session of this committee, estirtiates' from India were received asking for $10,000, which was appropriated; and $300 was appropriated to China 'for work in Foochow, Kiukiang, and Peking. This seemed a large ta.sk to undertake. The previous year had been suc- cessful, po.ssibly because the enterprise was new; but would it.be wise to attempt to raise .so large an amount for another year? ' But these were women of large Jaith, and Mrs. K. W. PaiJcefinade a motion that the amount for the coming year be made $20,000. The motion was unanimously adopted. It seemed almost impracticable for an association of ladies pledged to make no special efforts, like church collections, toward raising money, but simply by membership dues and private donations, to bring together in so few months so many thou.shnds of dollars. This amount of money was apportioned among the Branches as follows:
New Hnglaiul, f,>.00O
New York ' . 6,ooi> ^
riiilndelpliiii 2,500
* Nortl^wcstcrii, 6,oou
Ciiiciimnti 1,800
Western : . .' 700
^ f20,0CX)
Previous to tjiis, some money had been paid over to Dr. Harris for the .support pf a Bible-reader in Moradabad, which was really the first work actually adopted by the Society.
The Girls' Orphanage at Bareilly, India, in which, at that time, were about 150 girls, was made over by
32 lyOATAK'S FOREiGS' HtlSSlOXAXr SOCIETY.
the General Missionary Conimittce of the Churlih to the Society at tliis meeting. Reports were made con- ^ cerning girls' schools that had been opened at special stations, and Bible women employed dnring the year. The magnitnde of the work liecame clearer at this meeting than ever, before. These women went out to the work of another year, burdened but hopeful, to make a combined movement forward. The next year the work became more thoroughly systemizcd'at home, and they began to " strengthen the stakes and lengthen the cords." ,
At the .second .session of the Committee, which convened in Chicago >May i6, 1871, we'find the nuhi- ber of Auxiliary Societies increa.scd to 614, and over 26,000 meniber.'i and not only the $20,000 in hand, but $?,ooo more. The first business was the divi.sion of the Philadelphia JJjiflnch territory, ceding to the Baltimore ladies tiie tesrilory of Maryland, the District of Columbia, and Eastern Virginia, ^hese Iwd gjven u]) their ((inner organization, under wh,ich they had earnestly worked for years in behalf of the mission at Foochow, China, and had reorganized as a Branch of the Woman's Fqreig^ ^li.ssionary Society. During this session came the news from Georgia that the ' eighth Branch had been formed. It received, acc(>rd-\ ing to reii\ast, permi.s.sion to e.stabli.sh headquarters at Atlanta, 'Georgia.
The estimates which came from India this year were nearlV double in anioiita-tho.se of the previous year. This l)U(1get included (the co.sl of sending out several new missionaries, and the support of those al- ready in the field, and increased appropriations for schools and Bible-readers. China now asked to be heard. From -Peking a petition was received for
OUGANIZATfON. 33
over $5,000; besides, they desired the support of lady teachers and of school-work. Two ladies were •appointed for Peking. In Jthe autumn of 1S70, Miss Fannie J. Sparkes had gone to join Miss Thoburn and Dr. Swaiu in India. Ktoni these ladies, and from the faithful wives of the missionaries, there came most eiicouraKing and inspiring reports of the work in the mission field, {Jroving that the year's labor, here at home, in collecting funds, had been balanced by a ^-ear of constant activity in the mission, the results of which had been in every respect as great as those of the home workers. -Miss Thoburn, at Lucknow, had organized schools, and put them in excellent oj\era- tioii ; niacfe many personal visits to thenailve women, and superintended the work of Bible-readers. Mi.ss Swain's medical ability had had constant exercise, gaining for her admi.s.sion to many phces which other- wise had remained resolutely closed, and preparing the way for others to follow, and care for tjie good seed «owu. The class of girls she had under medical instruction made good progre.s.s.
ih" ihest "^arV)! .days a wor/1 of encouragement meant very much. The IhsIk^s, iilnloM' without ex- ceiition, most heartily indorsed the "work of the So- ciet\ , some of them enthusiastically addressing public meetings. Others, whose indorsement ani commenda- tion are a matter of record, ftre the Missionary Secre- taries, I)rs. Durbin and Harris ; the Hoard of Mana- gers of the Missionary Society; the Maine Confer- ences; Cincinnati Methodist Preadier.s' Meeting, through the President, Granville Moody; Boston Preachers' Meeting, through its President, George Prentice; India Mission Conferelice; Dr. J. M. Trim- ble, always a warm friend and safe counselor; educa- 3 ' -.
34 U'o.w.'ijv 's FoKErGS Missionary Society. -
tors Warren, Cummings. Cooke, Donelson, Bugbee, Kidder, Rayfaqjid, and E. O. Haven ; editors Lore, Merrill, House, Wiley, Reid, and Gilbert Haven; also Dfs. Dashiell, Olin , Fowler, Hatfield, Spencer, and Mrs. Wittenmeyer and Frances F^. Willard.
The missionaries of the General Society were al- ways sure allies. Couspicnous among them, at first and through all the years, may be mentioned J. M. Tho- burn and S. L. Baldwin. '
In 1873, very earnest applications were received for extending the work into Mexico and Soutli Amer- ica. In 1.S77, Italy and Bul^ria were opened by the employment of Bijile-readers at various points.
, In all these fields, every. Christian agency was util- ized for reaching and saving the women and girls. Direct evangelistic work through mi.ssionaries, Chris- tian women, and Bible women ; indirect evangelistic work, by establishing and sustaining day and board-' ing schools ; through benevolent agencies, such as or- phanages and medical work, carried on by American and native workers; the establishment of hospitals and dispensaries; and by crtiating a native Christian literature. At the clo.se of 1879, or first decade, we find the work well establi.shed in India, China, Japan, V Africa, Ital?^ vSoulh America, and Mexico: with 38 nltetiotiarips in the field, 200 Bible women and'natfve teacliers; 6 hospitals and dispensaries; 15 boarding- schools, with 696 pupils; 115 day-sckools, with nearly., 3,000 pupils; 3 orphanages, with 347 pupils, and two homes for friendless women, the annual ap]>iT)priation for the work having increased to $89,000. Homes had been built for the missionaries, .school-buildings erected, and permanency given to every branch of the work.
wS^U...
Chapter II.
INCREASING ACTIVITIES.
THE history of the Society Ion the Hcxt ten years is simply that of continued and increased activities as the way opened, and as there came the ability to occupy. livery effort was made to establish and strengthen the work in (land. Into all fields more missionaries were sent.
At the Committee meeting in Bnffalo, iu May, 1 88 1, the time of the annual meeting was changed so that the financial year would conform to that of the Parent^ Board. In 1883 the German work was com- menced, which has since extended to Switzerland and Germany. The territory of the Western Branch was divided into three separate Branches; viz., the Des Moines, Topeka, and Minneapolis, Possibly the most important parj of the work that year was the estab- lishment in India, by the Society, of an illustrated Christian paper, called The Woman's Friend. In 1884 the first missionary was sent to Bulgaria. The So- ciety was incorporated tliat year under the laws j)f the SUitt (^ New York. Iu 1885 a missionary was sent to Koix-a.
TWe Society, on Ifeaming of the neglect and threat- ened obliteration of the grave of Ann Wilkins, one of the pioneers of woman's niissionarv work, took ac-
'*t1oir tt>.pro\»ide a suitable resting-place for the remains", of the honored dead. ' 'A nmgnifictijt .site w.is do- nated by the trustees of Maple Grove Ce^nettry,
■■\ . " 35
r;«f?^^m''^'^5'^w^^ ■
36 Woman's Foreign MissiONAKV Society.
Long Island, and a beautiful memorial service was held on the interment, June 19, 1886. Bishop Harris read the impressive burial service, and Dr. J. M. Reid, Missionary Secretary, made the address. Rev. Stephen • Merritt removed the remains, as a loving service. Mrs. Kennard Chandler .says:
"On opening the grave, wc' found the casket, in jWhich Ann Wilkins had rested for nearly thirty •years, perfect and entire. Its plate bore the inscrip- tion : 'Ann Wilkins. Diefl November, 1857. Aged 51 years, 4 months, 13 days.'
" With reverent hand the undertaker removed the preci^s remains to the casket we had brought. He re- niarkeal 'Here is her right arm.' 'Give it to nie,' I .said; and as I pressed it in my own, I gave this living hand in renewed consecration to the cause she loved so well, and kneeling over that wide-open grave, fdled With the pure air of heaven, baptized witU the glorious sun- light, across the more than a <|uarter of a century since that tired hand had rested on her breast, there came to me a (juick vibration, almost as flTough the harp held by lier magic hand had throbbed a double note of praise. O hands, that ministered to the lowliest, now striking clear notes of praise on harp whose quivering chords .send out endless notes of melody ! O feet, so many limes weary with the march and countermarch of Kfe, now., laving in the crystal river, now tarrying be- neath the tree pf life, who.se branches, full-clustered, hang low, and now flying with speed, somp angelic message of lo\e to convey ! Upon her head I placed niy hand — head tliat ached and eyes* that wept, as she cried, 'O, Africa! Africa! would that I might gather thee into the fold!' The crown rests now lipon -thine
mr
I
,, iNCKBAStNG ACTIVITIKS.- 37
uplifted brow, ' how richly stucUktt with ilashing jewels !"
The monument bears the following inscriiition : "Here lies Ann Wilkins, a Missionary of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church to Liberia, from 1836 to 1856. Died November 13, 1857, aged 51 years. ^laving little money at command, she gave herself Erected by the Woman's Eoreign Missionary Society.' The cost of the 'monument was $319.05. This amount was contributed by the various Branches.
During the session of the seventeenth (icneral Executive Conunittee in I8.s6, in ProvidtUce, tidings came of the death of that most honored veteran in missionary service, Miss Beulah Woolston, and the following was placed on record :
> " Resolved, That we recognize in the sisters Wool-
ston the pioneers of that distinctive work for women in the mission field of our Church which is now its crowning glory; that we believe, chiefly to thij con- sistent beauty of their lives, the faithfulness of their labors, their spirit of self-sacrifice in the .service of their Master, are due the solidity, and succe.ss of our work in Foochow. They laid the foundations ; others have entered into their labors."
The two sisters, Mi.ss Beulah and Miss Sarah Woolston, sailed for* China, with other mi.ssionaries, October 4, 1858. After a voyage of one- hundred and forty-seven days around the Cape of Gooa Ho])e,'they landed at Shanghai, February 27, i'859, and reached Foochow March 19th. They were sent out by the Parent Board, but their work was supported by the " China Female Miasionary vSociety." of Baltimore, until the organization of the Woman's Foreign Mis-'
W"'^W^^f^:;^T^»-'^^'^^ ''^^^^ ,^
38 IVO.VAN'S FOXE/GJV tMlsMONAKY SOCIETY.
» , ■* •
sionary Society, wIrmi it was transferred to it. In 1882, both of tliem, much Urokcii in health, returned . to the yhiited States. Ociober 24, iSiRj, Miss Beuiah fell asleep in Jesus. . . •s
A memorial from tlve Pacific Coa.st jva.s received :, in 1888, by the Committee, asking; for the orgnni/.a- / tion of a Pacific BranchuW^irtr' ■was;- granted, and
thus the work spreads fron^ the Atlantic to the Pa- cific. AuKJUg tile measures ol.spCtial importance in l8.Sg was the ap|)()intment of a German editor for the llcidtit J'lauiii l-'iciind. and Miss Margaretlia Dreyer as ,-^Mperiiitenilent of German witfk, and ejititled to ' Mieiiiliership iiv^the Committee; arrangements for a cliiid's niDuthly ; the revision of by-laws, incor- porating among others, the resolution that the first yeax of missionary life shall be largely devoted to study, and that the salary shall be $200 less than subsequent >ears. ^
A new experitnce came tc the Committee in its twentieth vear. One of the leaders had fallen at her
V - ■
post. The Northwestern Branch had lost its stand- 'ard-bearer. Mrs. E. A. B. Hoag, the efficient Corre- s])on(ling Secretary, died at her home in Albion, Mich.,
■ Sei)tember 26th. Loving the Master and loving His work, she sacrificed comfort and .strength to serve. The vSociety had the largest income in its history
. to report at its twentieth ;tiniversar> — $226,496.15, which was an advance over, the preceding year of over $20,000. There had been general advancement in all departments of this growing work. The total organ- izations were 5,531, with a membership of 135,229. There were ninctv-eighl missionaries in the various fields, and during the year unprecedented demands
f ' If^S^^SP^f^'^Pi'W*^^
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MISS ISABl I. IIAKT.
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40 ll'o.uA.x 's FoMEKiS' Missioy.ifiy Soc/Err.
«
caiiR' from iiiission fields for increased aiipropriations, nlino.st overwliclming tlie Coniiiiittee , under the pressure.
The General Executive Comtnittte, held in Kansas City in 1891, was nicniorable in that it was saddened by the sense of loss of one of its most active and effi- cient ineinl)ers, Miss Isabel Hart, who had been re- leased from her sufferings Se])teniber stli. ^ She was one of the first <jf the original Secretaries called home. She was missed 1^ all the deliberations of the body. Clear iirher di!?cyssions, pr.vtical in her suggestions, wise in advice, iflie was leaned upon, and looked up to by her associates. /-^
/
, "I ^li:ill xtill lit reiiiciiibercil by what I liave done."
Miss Mail has stood among the foremo.st workers, not only of the Society, but in all Church, benevolent ' and educatioii.Tl work. Her name carried with it .soiiKlliing of the charm of her iiiflueiice even to di.s- taiit l.inds; for .she inspired by her devotion, not only workers /f»-, but worker/;;;, our mission fields. With her pen'she rendered valuable .service to the cause of missiyns in her -ontributions to the Church papers and to the Htutlicn li'oiiiu/i's Friend, aXso in biograph- ical sketches and popular leaflets. Mrs Gracey pre- pared a sketch of her life, by the recjuest of' friends in Hallimpre, which was beautifully bcluud in silver and white.
The Society in 1892 put itself on record against the opening M the World's Fair at Chicago, in 1893, on the'S;0)bat)li. The eleventh Rraiich was author- ized, at that .ses.sion, from the farthermost bounds of the Minneapolis Rranch, to be called the Columbia
/.\CRSASING ACTHIIIES.
4'
Rifer Branch. When the next annual meeting cou- vaicd in' St^^Paul, in 1893, there were two present of those who were at the first meeting in 1870 in Bos- ton. They were Mrs. Skidmore and Mrs. Gracey. The General Missionary Committee w«re in ses.siou in
MRS J 1
Minneapolis. In vi<?w of the hard times, that Com- mittee sounded a retreat, and the Church retreated. _ Result, a decrease of over S47,cxx) from the receipts of the Jireceditig year. The'Woman's Society made an advance of Si4.(xx). and at tlie clo.se oi the year 1894 the rccei])ls totnled tfie sum of $v 1.925-96, which was an increase of more than #34.000. The
>
4.3 Woman 's Forei(;n Mis.sioyAiiVSociF.n:
personnel of that tv^cnty-fourtli session, incliiding its interested visitors, \\:\s (|iiiti- rL-niarkable. There were seven l)ish()i)s aiul tlie wives of four, and the diuighter of another, who were most valuable factors in tlit_ pleasure and profit of the meetings. There were also fifteenunissiqnaries, representing seven fields of labor, as veil as six others of the General Society. Sojve legislation affecting deacoiit's^ wark wa* intro- duced, to the effect that all inim^ried wanien em- ployed by the Methodist Hpiscopal Church shall b« sent through tlie Woman's Foreign Missionary So- ciety, and al> money given for tliis purpose shall lie paid into the treasury of the Woman's .Society, and that all matters pertaining to the pro|>erty for Dea- coness Homes shall be under the control of the Woman's Society. Ever mindful of the valuable serv- ice rendered by wives of missionajies, it was resolved that all such shall have a right to take part,. and vote in all meetings relating to tlu; busi4iess or wcifk of the Woman's Foreign Missiouav Society. The year 1894 marked an important epoch in the history of the So- ciety— llie close of the first tpiartft of a century-- and was duly celebrated as a Silver Anniversary, special effort being made to make the occasion noteworthy by a free-will offering w'orthy 'of the cause. About $25,000 euriclicd the treasury. The building of the Wonian'ti College in Luckuow was to pfoCeed as a , meinorial to Mrs. William F. Warren. Through fire. Hoods, labor troubles, and financial depressioii, the Societvi, in it.'j twenty-fifth year, niarthed with steady Step, placing in its treasury the magnificent sum' shown above. Over 150 boxes were .sent that year to the various mi.ssion fields — veritable object-lessons of
/NCRKAS/NG ACTiyiT/ES. '43
Christian love. Fifteen new missionaries were sent out, and t\felvc otlars accepted. The Society became a pioneer in Sumatra, opened new work in Paraguay, among the Ilhotiyas, ah.d in \Ve.st China. There were present, at this session of.the Coniuiiltee in Wa.shing- ton, those who had helped to lay the foundations of thg Society. They had ceaselessly since aided in carrying its burdens, and their prayers and their wis- dom in council hacl through those years aided to guide the org;ini/.ation, till it has become a marvelous power in the Church and in the world.
Before the time for an_pther annual meeting, the Society hijd lost one of its most helpful friends, Mrs. Adaline M. Smith, of Chicago, who went to be with Christ the morning of July 4, 1895. Her life had been a i\inaikabie e.vainple of faithful Christian .stewa'rd- ship, giving away to various Methodist causes durmg the twelve years of Iter widowhooil, $135,428, or $10,000 more than the valuation of her estate when her husbaiirt, Philander Smith, a godly and generous man, diecf. She had done this deliberately, prayer- fully, most unostentatiously, and most wisely. India, China, Jai)an, and Africa join with us in the home land in sorrowing over her departure. '
Three years before, Mrs. Elizabeth Sleeper Davis, of JJo.ston, had been summoned to her reward. She wa'^ making a tour of the globe, visiting our mission fields, ^wliere she had founded schools and scholarships. Her long journey, of nearly two years, had brought her on her return as far as Berlin, Germany, and on the Htli of May, 189I, she heard the heavenly sum- mons to cross over. Loving hands brought her Dody across the .sea, and placed it beside her precipus.dead
44 IVoAtAN 's F0SKK7N M/ss/o\.iKy Soc/STy.
in the cemetery at Augusta, Maine. Like her Master, she " went about doing good." Slie gave not only her money, but her hand, her heart, her love. The largest
:■<!*-■
MRS ADKU.VK M. SMITH.
bequest the Society ever received, $25,000 in; 1894, was from the estate of Mrs. Davis..
The work of the Society and the cause of missions generally have been advanced on some unusual oc-
iNCKEASiNa Activities. 45
# casions. Mrs. Mary T. Latlirop, when Conference
Secretary, " preached the anniint missionary sermon before the Detroit Conference in Ann Arbor." Mrs. L. A. Hagan.s, of Chicago, while traveling ii\ Europe in 1886, attended the Swiss and German Conffrencts, and on being asked to speak in the interests of the Society — through Dr. Nipperf, as interpreter — she proceeded to organize the women into a .society, by proxy, their hu.sbands, the members of the Confer- ences, giving their names. When Mrs^Bishop New- man was in C<)))etihagen, Denmark, in 1890, she lec- tured on the Woman's Foreign Missionary Socipty before a large audience of women, and organized a Society, which, in 1894, reported se\xnty members. .Mrs. Mary C. Nind was sent to London to attend' the World's Missionary Conference, June 9^-20, 1888. Miss Franc Baker was out of three speakers (the other two being Chaplain McCabe Sin'd Bishop Wal- deu) who gave addresses at the great missionary nia.s.s-iiieeting on Su'iymy afternoon, May i, 1892, at the General Conference in Omaha.
During the lime of the Colnmbi.an F^xposition in Chicago, in 189^, Mrs. J. T. Gracey furnished two im- portant papers for the Congresses. "jVVoman's Work for African Women" was read at the World's Con- gress on Africa, in August: "Woman's Medical Work" was read at the Woman's Cougre.ss of Missions in October. ' "•
Miss Mary A. Danforth, returned mi.ssionary from Japan, spoke at Ocean Grove, Stind.ly morning in the summer of 1895. to an audience of ten thousand per- sons, the only lady ever invited to take the Sunday morning service. . »
■. , Chapter III.
BRANCH HISTORY.
THE Nhw England Branch was organized in the chapel of Treniont Street Church, March lo, 1870, embracing the New England Slates, with head- quarters in Boston. The annual meetings were held at headquarters rfntil 1881. Since then they have been held in Haverhill, Springfield, Portland, Burling- ton, Lowell, New Haven, St. Johnsbury, Manchester, Meriden, Portland, and Lynn.
• Mrs. Dr. Patteli, the fir.st President, served .seven years; Mrs. Dr. Warren, twelve years; Mrs. Dr. Park- Imrst, five years, vvhenMi.ss Loui.se Manning Uodg- kint^was elected, in 1894.
Mrs. Dr. Warren was the first Corresponding Sec- retary. She .served three years, and was succeeded by Mrs. Dr. Latimer for ' a term t»f one year, when Mrs. C. P. Taplin was appointed and served four years. I'Niiliiig health compelled her resignation, and Mrs. M. P. Alderman, who had .served as Conference Secretary four years, was elected, and has served in that capacity since June 11, 1H78, witfl Mi.ss Clara M. Cushman as home Secretary since October, 1892.
The Recording Secretaries have been Mrs. Daggett, Miss Fairfield, Miss Rich.'jrd.sou, Mrs. Curti.s, and Mrs. Buell. I
Mrti. T. A. Rich served nine year.s as Treasurer; Mr&.sMagee, ten years and a half; Miss Holt, from 46 "•
CORRESPONDING SECRETARIES OF THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE M. E. CHURCH.
MKS. MAKV C. NlNl). MIHS MATILDA WATBON.
MkA 1,. A, Al.DKKMAN. MISS ISAIIEU lIAkT, MKS. CHARLOTTK ONKAI.. HK8. MARV S. HUSTON. MRH. HARMII'.T SKIDMOHR. MRS. SAKAII L. KKKN. MRS. HARAH K. CKANDON. MRS. KLUEN T. COWKN.
n. |
1 • |
SOCIETY OF THE M. E. CHURCH. MKK. CHARUOTTK O'NH.AI.. MOKK. MK8. 8AKAH L. KKKN. MRS KI.LKN T. COWKN. |
♦ |
I
/
Bkasch HisroHY. ^ 40
;*
October, i8»9. In 1H94, Conference Treasurers were elected.
Tlie Nkw York Branch was first organized in the chapel of St. Paul's Church, June 10, iH6g, prior to any Auxiliaries, although the first one was organ- ized in Brooklyn the same day, with Mrs. Dr. \V. L. Harris, Tresidcnt. The Branch was orKahi/ed as an Auxiliary to the Society in Boston. Its officers were: President, Mrs. VVm. Butler; Corresponding Secretary, Miss ICleanor Burling; Recording Secretary, Miss Helen I". Smith; Treasurer, Mrs. Joltu Elliott. Owing to the ilhiess of Miss Burling's mother a change was ■made, and Mrs. George Lansing Taylor was elected Corresponding Secretary. When thc^evised consti- tution was adopted, Mar^h, 1K70, the proper date Of the New York Branch as sudi began.
' The office of President has been filled .succes.sively hy Mrs. William Butler, Mrs. Stephen Olin, Mrs. J. A. Wright, Mrs. S. L. Baldwin; that of Correspond- ing Secretary, by Miss Burling, Mrs. G. L. Taylor, Mrs. William Butler, Mrs. Wm. B. Skidmorc; that of Recording Secretary, f>y ^fi5.s. Helen F. Smith, Miss Henrietta H. Holdich, Mrs. O. H. Tiffany," Mrs. J. T. Crane; Mrs. J. H. Knowles; that of Treasurer, by Mrs. John lUliott, Mrs. J. A.Wright, Mrs. Oj-ange J«dd, Mrs. J. M. Cornell, Mrs. H. J. Heydecker.
In 1872, Mrs. Butler went with her hu.sband to open nii.ssions in Mexico, and Mrs. Skidmore was elected to fill the qffice, which she has since held. Mrs. Knqitvles was also elected Recording Secretary that year, and with the exception of two years has held the oflice to the present. ^
30 U'OAf.iA/ 's r-OHRicN MjuswyAKr Socisty. ',
The PiiiLAi)it(,FHiA'llRANCH was orgiini/ed March 3, 1870, and Ihf first ftjur years was called " Cuntral Branch." The first olficers were : President, Mrs. J.
*T. C.racey; Recording Stiretary, Miss V.. A. Town- send, wtu) has always been her own snccesMjr; Cor- responding Secretary, Mw. »r idKtlake ; Treamirer, Mrs. A. W. Rand. It k a little singular thai the * UraHch^has had fonr Presidents, Mrs, C.ratey, Mrs. Keen, Mrs. Long, Mrs. Wheeler; frfiir Corresponding vSectetaries, Mrs. Kastlakc, Mrs. Oracey, Mrs. Long- acre, Mrs. J, F. Keen; four Triasnrers, Mrs. Rand,, Mrs. Whitaker, Mr.s. Cahoon, Mis. Hisho]) Foss. It is also interestiiig to note how Mrs. (Iracey was as- sociated with the earliest liistoryof the Hranch. She opened the first nieetin^; (before organi/alion ); she made tho first missionary address, was elected first Presi- dent; her name stands first on thj; li-,t of life iiiini- liers; the first "sijecial wt)rk " was the support of an
. orphan named Annie (iracey. The first milebox opened belonged to Mrs. Gracey's little .daughter, and the first money paid out by the Hranch Treasurer was to Mrs. Gracey " for expen.scs."
The VoKTiiwKSTicKN iJHANcii wati organized in ' Clark Street Church, Chicago, March 17, 1K70, with ' Hi Auxiliaries aiul .^,750 members.* The Presidents elerted have been Mrs. Hishop IlainliiK', Mrs. Gover- nor Hcveridge, and Mrs. I. R. Hitt since 1N76, save
•The oflictrs of this lir.iticli, whose portr.iils iin- >;ivcii on tlie oppositr paxc iirti'iii tin- lop row. .Mrs. Mary 11. Hitt, Mrs. .Siir:ili i;. Crainlon . in tlie niidilk- row, Mrs. I,. II. Jcn- nin^s, Mrs. I) I). York; am! in llie lowest row, Mrs. Millie P. Mtredilli. Mrs. (lerlruile I'oolty. ,
OFFICERS OF THE NORTHWESTERN Bll^NCH.
i
//J''X«C^'
'"''"■' ' • " ■ ■ *,' • I
BKim n fiisn>*v. 53
one year, in \HHt, wIkii Mr.v Tlios. A. Mill <terve(b\ Mrs. Jeniiii- F. Willing K'lvf fnurtton cotisiiiitivc years as Corropoiidiii^F Swritary: tlifii Mrs, T. A. Hill, Mrs !•;, A. no:ij», mill Miss Mary Raridaii. ihcIi •Kt-rved short terms, <li«tli coiitinK In Mrs, Iloa^ wliik- in office. Siiuf iHHij, Mrs. p. I'. Cramloii has tu'eii fk-ttcd ninitially. The lal>ors of tlie treasury dcpart- nieiit liave lu-eii sliared early aii<l late liy Mesdallies l-'rtwler. Oueal, Miller, Hortoii. Crandoii, and Preston, the Mlsklfy M'lry Iv I'lestm and Jtlary A. <land)lc, an<l Mrs. H \y. \'orlc. Tliose who have hee'i (leeted as Recording Secretaries are: Me.sdanies Kent. Dan- forth. Willard. Hill.^IUhh , Ouine, Ismvett^ Miss IClla Patten, and Mesd.mies Calder, llenkle, and Jennings. Mrs. Calder servec) for TiKht yearsy .Mrs. JtnniuKs was elected in iM'<i. A T'irst Vicel'resident was created in 1891, with Mrs I. N Danforth in ofTice for tw^ years; then Mrs. K M. Poohy. A Secretary of the Home Department was also ircaled In iSv'."i'li Mrs. L. Meredith elected; and Conference Treasnrers were also elected that year.
The ClNClNN.\Tl I1k,\NCii was organized with five An.xiliaries, ,\pril 6. 1.S70. in Trinilv Clinrcli, Cincin nati, Uy Mrs. Iv \V. Parker. Mrs. Hishop Clark was elected President, and filled the ofl"i(ji' over twenty- three >e'rirs, KV\ in^ to it her consecrated life and ripe experience. She had only laiil"<lown her work, it seemed, when suinnioiicd "to the U|)p(r.saiictnary, to be " forever will; the I.,ord." Mrs. Itisho]) Joyce suc- cee(K(l,jher, an<l in 1H94 Mrs. \Vni. H. Davis, dan^jhter of Mrs. Clark, was el-jcted. ,
Miss Delia Lathrop, Mr:\ Gilbert. Mrs. W. A.
54 ll'o.y^llV'.S I'OttBltiN MiSSIONAKV' SOCJBTr.
lianil'K'. ami Mrs. Weiiley Unmiltoii, in turn, st-rved ■ ns K(H'<>r<linK Sriritary. •Mr-< C W U.nMi'>. has Ihcii clcclfil atwin.illy suuf iHH*/ Tin- fust C(irri'S|>(inilinK Secretary Mrs. 1). R. Cowcn, li-fl the Hratich in 1S7,?, and Mrs K R. Mfn-ditli fillid iho plail' one year. l)n hrr rcnioxal, Mr?., (i \L \)uK\y,\\\s was I'lectc-d.
'^fitMi yi-ar^ liilt-r slii- was callcil lioini-, and Mrs, M. H. IiiKhani took lii-r plaee, and nntitiH;** i)ri)Sfciii«;jl tlic wiVrk witli vin<>r and I'l^lhnsiasni. In April, 1H78,
' Mrs. Cowi-ii w.is a^;;iin fli-iti<l, and lias lii-ld the oflicc ^incc. c
Mi'.s H. A. Sniitli, tin- first Tunsnrtr, was oMi^cd Ik resiKn in 1H73, and Mrs. W'ni. II. I)avi> for over twenty years was Treasnrer. When >lie eoidd no longer e.irr\ the hnrdeii, it was di-urniined to have a
^ rceeivinn and dislnirsini; Treasnrer, and Mrs. j/<i Klin/, iind Mrs, Oliver Kiiisey were elected.
The'HAi.'riMoMH Hk.xncii -was organized, Mardi (■, 1H71, out of iin older orKanization, the Ladies' China Missionary S<yicty of Dalliiiiore. When the allilialioiis of the two Societies took place, the officers of the newly formed Branch were those wHo had served .so, well and so f.iithfidly in the old Society. Mr>. I'rances'A. Crook, President; Miss IsaBel Mart, Corrlspotidiii).; Secretary: Mrs. \'.. Hamilton, Treas- nrer; Mr,s, S. Morgan, Recordiii),; Secretary.
In iHi;i this strong and beautiful chain was broken. The lirvt link removed was Mrs. Hamilton, who piuised to her rewanV January 7th, her cloak fallinR upon the shoulders of her daughter, Mrs, H. R. Uhler. Sep- tenilicr stli. Mijis Hart received the victor's crown, and was followed by Mrs. Crook in November. Mrs.
Blt^NCII UlSIOKV. 55
Iv B. Stcv'ciiH and Mm. A. H. Kulon were elected lo
111! the vaciiiicies.
TIk- Wi'stkrn IIUANfii WHS orKoni/cd by Mrn. Willing. Ajiril 4, 1H70, in I'ninii Clninii, St. I«oiii», with the (oIKtwiiiK (jfl'inrs: l'rr-.iiUiil, Mis. (lovcnior T. C. FU-ttlii-r; Kiriirdiiip Secritiry, Mrs. J. N. Fierce; TreiiMirer, Mrs Dr. W.^\. Jitiies; C<>rrcs|)<)iid- inK Secretary. Mrs. I.iuy V,. L'rescctfT. Ily the action i)f the CeiiernI t^xeculivc Conmiittee in May, 1H74, the hca(li|iiarters were reiuiived to Dcs Moines, and Mrs. Hishoj) Andrews was elected President; Mrs. !•;. K. Stanff) Treasurer; Mrs. \V. VV. l-'ink. Recording; Secretary ; the Correspondinn Secretary reniaininK tile «.iine. In iM.><i Mrs Mary C. Nind was elected I'res- ideiit^aiiil Mrs. 1,. H. J. lines, Keenrdinj; Seentary. The fdllowiiij; year this Hraiicli was divi<led into three Uranclies as lollows:
The' I)i:s MoiNK.s UkanciI'Wms ornanizcd Novem- ber \i. MiM.v 'ts Presidents |ia\e heeii in turn, Mrs. Mary I!. Orwi^, Mrs. Mary S. Huston ;' Mrs. M. \V. I'orter, .M I) . who died the (ollowitiK year after elec- tion; Mrs. C. C. .Mjiliee. anil Miss Uli/aheth J'earson, elceted ill ihUi; Il'lie L\jrres|)oiidin^; Secretaries havei lieen elei led in order; Mrt-f Liicf V.. Prescott, Mr«. L. 1). Carhart. ami Mrs M. S. Huston, elfccted in 1887. Tlie Kec(jrdiii>j Secretaries are: Mrs. I,. H. Jnnies, Mrs 11. Catchcll, Mrs. f,. V.. McICiitire, Mrs. C. I). Miller; Mrs. (',:iteliell was reelected in 1892. Mrs. v.. H. Stanley has served continuously as Treasurer sinie 1.V4; that is, nine years in the old Hranch. Iii_^ i.S'jS an assistant \v<'>s elected. Miss A. Hri'ield. The ■ territory of this Hranch consi.sts of two States.
■f'fjiawtipr* 1 ' "^'^ '''^
56 IVUMAys i-OMKIHN MlSMOyMlV SOCIKir.
Till- ToPKKA Branch wa» orKuni/nt Novtmli«r 11. ihH.v ttiul till' follDwiiiK iiftiurs win tltctid I'riHiiltiit, Mrs. O. J. CowUs, knonliiiK Sicriiary, Mr* J. M. TorniiKlon. Corrf^iMjinliuK Sicryt;iry, Mri*. 11 M SliiiUiuk; Tnasurir. Mrs M J. STullty, Mr< Ciiulis niuDvid from till- li«miiil»,<ir tlu- Uriiiuli iil till- ilosi- of till- first year, and Mrs Hishop Nirnli, will) was about to take iij) her ri-siiU-iui- iht-ri-, was chos«ii I'risicK-nt, fillinK tlic offii'i- lor i-ij-lit M-ar», uiitiljii-r ri-iiKnal. llir smii-ssor is Mrs. C. C Adams. lii'i.s.H^, Mrs. n M. I'atlfi- ,was ilcitt-ii Ci)rrt-s|ioii(l inn SiiTitary : liir siKci-tisor wan Miss Matilda Watsmi, ill i.M.ss, Till- ollict ol Rl■l■ordlll^; Siiri-tary has al ' way^ ht-i-ii lillid l)y Mrs. TorriiiKtuii. After si-viii ytats ill till- 'I'll .isiirirs, olTui-, Mrs. Sliilli-) was siii' cii-ilfd hy Mis A. Si. Davis ill iMi).).
Till- MiNNi: Vi'oi.is ItKANCli was (ir({aiii/i-d Dt- ceiiihir i,s, iMH^ with oiii- whok- Confiriiici', part <il aiKjlliiT, iiii<l two Mission Coiifi-ri'iui-s; tin- lar^i-sl in tirrilory, sinalli-st in iiuiiiIh rs, riihist in rt-sourii-s, vi-gi'labli- and miniral, Imt ixKirtst iii-'iiioiiiy, stntili- \w^ ac*ross tin- continent. The ofliiers have hecii :is follows: President, Mrs. Kniily Huiitin^tt-i Miller, Mrs. Wardwell Coueh. Mr.s. C. N. Stowers. Mis. M. "!I Tritons; Corfespondiiif; Secretary, Mrs. Mary C. Niiid.niitil i.^vs, then Mrs C. S. WiiKliiU. . Mrs Nind traveled over this vast domain from the Mississippi to the Pacific. In company with Mr.s. Stanley, in 1885, a jbiuriiey was m.ide iiivolvint; five thousand miles. She represented tlie various coiinection.il in- terests of tile Church, there Ueiiin none ol the Secre- taries ou hand at five Conferences and mi.ssions, over
ii ■■■■■■« ■ ' '
Bkanch Hist ok v. , 57
^ •
which Ridlinp llnrrit prrtkU-fl. \\v wns nlwiiy* »ure l<» 1)1' i)ii>cnl 111 hi«r h»T. Mr^ J M. Ilcaii lias roll- tiniKuisly MTvcil as Ri'Cortliiin St'crvtary TIh' TrraH iirtTs liiivi- lii'Lii Mr-.. W, M ll.iiriMiii, \vli<> ilictl in IMS'., Mrs. Coiuli. Mis. Ilislicip I'o-s. Mis. I). S. H. Joliiistoii. Miss Lillian M. yniiiliy, and Mii* W. M. Mibi.nal.l. ,
The Ati..\nta Kmancii was orkjani/fil wilh iliir- tfcii iiiiiiiliirs .111(1 (illi'tn siilMLiiliirs to iho llnilhin Woman \ FiUnJ. in I.oyd titrt-cl L'liunh, Alhinta. Sr|iU'nilitr -•■;, i**7i. with ihc- followinv; oftuiTM: I'ri'si- iliiil. Mrs. J. C, Kiinliall; Ci)rris|i,,uiliii^ Stiri-lary, / Mrs i.;|iic J. Kiinivks; Kiiipriliii«,Siiritary. Mis.s MIUii W. Ciillin. 'rrtMsiinr. Mrs. I >r. iMilkr. Snl)s«.-- iiniMtlv (111 the niiioVal oI'Mrs KikpwUs, Mrs. I'hIIit l)fi inn CorrispouiliiiK Scirit.ii«y. Tliiir rcicijils wcru sent tlirotiKli the Cinriniiati Hraiuli.
Till- r\(.'iric IlK wcij vv.is (iiK'ini/iil witli sixUi-ii An.xili.if i( s ill IS*;., Tlif olVm'rs wtri-; Trfsidtnt, Mr- J I'. ICarly; Ccm-ipdndinn Si-crttary, Mrs Char- l.illi 0 N\,il; Ki-iordiiiK Stcrclary , Mrs. L. C SpiiiciT; 'I'ri isimr Mrs. M. M. Ildvard, wlm has lui-ii siuividcd 1)V Ml.. S !■•. Joluisoii. Mrs |). C. O'ck, Mrs. /. I,. I'ariiulii. Ill iS(j.'. Mrs. i;:iil\, "the- missionary niotliet, ' :(lt(.r \(.ars ol liiliUiu -■■, went to hir liiav- iiih lioinc, and Mis. Alifc K. Stalker was idfctiil. Mr- ( ) Nial lias stTvcd as CorrcsiMnidiii^ Scerflary, (.\ii|>t two years in iSi)i-()3, x\ luii Mrs \'.. M, Ck'W took till- w'ork. Mrs Crow was (.IlcIliI Sccictary of till- lloini' iK-partnunt in iMij4.
4
58 WoMAS's 1'oini.ias Missionary SociHiY. %.
The Coui'MBiA RivKR IlKANi II wiis oTgoiii/ifil De- ceiulKT 7, iNiji. Till' 'iw>\. Auxiliary liail Imiii oik-iu- ixed in ifi«J by Mrs. W. S ILirriiiHtDi), in Seattle, tiiul made tril)iitary l<> the Norlliwmlirii Ilraiu'li. Two yeart l.ittr all that ii()itli\v>st tirrilory iKTaino imrt of \\\v Miiiiu'ii|iiilis llraiuli. At llic n«|uehl of Mrs. Mury C, Niml, Hisliup W'aldi'ii, wluii IwldiiiK ll".' Ciiii- fcri'iuts, apiMiiiitfil two Coiilcuiitf SciTtlatics lor llic Sot-iety. The Ilrauch ofTu-fDt ast clcctt-d wcr^-; Preii- dciit, Ml".. C. I'. I-"i'ke; Corrc's|H)ii(liiiK Secretary, Mrs. M. C. Wire; .Reiordinn Si<retnry, Mrs. A.J. Hanson; Treasurer, Miss I,i//.ie V. Wead. Ill 1H94, Mfs. V. \V. Osliurn was elected Treasurer, and Mrs. A. N. l''isher Secretary cil' the Home Departuiciit.
METHODS.
At the Ixjjiiiiiiiijj very little inailiiiRT> was needed to carry on the work. Auxiliaries re|Mirted direct to the Uranch C<irri--|i(iniliiiK Secret.lrs . and the work was easily held hy one head and one jiair of liand.s. Hut tile rapi<l nf'^vth of the Society made some other plan necessary, h'irst, Assistant, then St^ite Seere-' taries were intrmliiced. A District mvetiiij; was held on the .Mhioii J)isirict in .Michinaii in iH;", and one • ill Athens, O., the Mansfield H)*nict. Deceiiilier 31, 1S72; and this was the l)e);iiinin>; of an invahialile .source <if strcji^'th The Northwestern Mr. inch made provision for this new .system liy iirepariiiK a coiisli lution in 1S77 for District Associations. In i.S;;. the same Uranch suhsiitnted Cotifcrenc* for State Secre- taries, which slill further systematized perfection of work, (iradiially these plans hijcaine the re^;iilar order, when Auxilfarics reported to District officers.
4^1
Bkanch HisroHY. SO
they to the Coiifi tiiicc, ami Ihi w in turn to the- Kraiich ' Secretary. Thi'<'may mtiii ii little iiiilirict, but wiiut orraiim'liiicnl could h.ivc l>i-«n Inttir? ICvcry inctiil)er ^ of tlu.' iKMly has its inyii iulaptation and adji^tiiuiil to the JMidyM wauls uud il» <^VIl lunctliin aii<l "fliic, HO tlijt iionc can nuy to any other, " 1 liavu no need of Ihcc", '
f *
* Again, at first, AuxNiarics rcniittcil'to^he franch Tri-aMUi-r; But this, too, Mi-iucd uuiicc«.>Si»rily liurdrn-
• Iwinc to sonic, as the niattir of r^itipliuj; iiuartt-rly to over twllvc luindrcd Soiiitiis in out of the Branches '
• must have iKcnnic. Since 1SH6 the New York •* 'Hranih has had two Treasurers until in i.H<)4, and
diiriiif! a jkiumI of two or three jiars both the Cin- cinnati and the Des Moines Hr.inches had Assistant Treasurers. \i\ iKHi) the Northwestern Branch ekcted Conference Treasurer*, who receive the money from the Auxiliaries, receipt to them, and re;inii to the
• Branch Tieasnrer. The I'liiladilpliia Br.mch elected Conference Treasurers in iHg.vajid the New Vork and New Knjjland {{ranches in' 1.S94. ^he Cincinnati Btanch eli.cled a receiving; and a disliursiuK Treas- urer (11 iHcjy These officers come under the legisla- lioji of Ilr.uiclies.
The Notlliwestcrn Branch, conscious that its vSecre- lar\ \v.i> IxHriiin Imrdens of responsibility and cor- , n-.|)(iirdi nee .t(.o >;reat for one woman, and believiiiK that llie best inteiestsfif tlie work could Be s.il'scrved ' by a division of the labor devolving upon' her, elected a Sicretaiy tor the Home Department in 1H90. The New.Ivnuland Branch elected a Home Secretary in
60 Woman's FoNh/iiy MisMit^^^^-Hrihtr.
'%;
1891, the C(iluml>ia River in 1H9J, and the Vacific Uraiich in iN>>^.
At first llif Pistrict Si'cri'tary was- the medium for tlte distoiiiiii.uiiiii of iiiivsiiiiiury literature in ma^jy plac'is, hut tile home Hide of ihe ,niiKNii>tiary work l)e- eamc constantly more coniplieated, an<l KurenuH of l.ilrraturc weiV tsyiljlis.heil* with a Secretary to sup- ^ otflent tlTi'i M'ork liy iIk- vviili-r raii^e of leallet.H to W I'uukIiI from all jtoardnas well as our own, letters from missionaries, panipliUts. piTiodicals, maps,. arid biMikii <il rikrince. This plan in turn ^ave way to>l)e]Hit8 |>f fiiipplies, with an .lueni in iharKc, which in iHga liccanie ^'iiii ral, each Branch adopting it. A majority hu\c' thcii' fooins in connection wfili the Methodist Uook rooms ia the several cities. " ^
/ f
Soiiie "f the Hranchcs from time t^ time have elected Vi'nn)> I.adiis' Conference Secretaries, Super- ' inteii^ents of Hands, Ornani/inj; Secretaries, Branch Ornaiii/er-', ami Itinerating Committees, ihe better to carry forward the work.
YOINC. IMUM'I.K. A "JlVKNILK MlSSIONAKY S0C1E,TV " was or^an- i/cd in llt-rea, Ohio, as early as 1873, which pledJKed $;,o to support a j;irl in some mission school. This Was followed by rircenshurj? in |«7S, Mansfield in ih;^, the " Ijuiy Bees," in Trinfiy, Cincinnati, 1877, and. Troy. Ohiy, in 1H78. Others were orn.nii/.ed in each of the Bran(,-lies, until in 1895 there Were 741 Cliildrcns Bands, tin.- Cincinnati Brancn leadinj; wJth is^.'the New ICn);hin(l with 136, and
Branch History. 6i
the Northwestern with '114. ■ There is a total membership of 13,412, the Northwestern having a, 758, and the New England 2,346 members. These children have been trained in 'intelligent methods. Many of thejn are as fam/liar with the names of our missionaries and their'^atiens as most of the older members. They arc n4t only doing a work for them- selves, but helping th) childhood of the heathen world to know something of God. . ,
In many places the Young Ladies are "a.ssociated with thfc Auxiliaries, but more frequently separate or- ganizations have been formed. -The work done by them has been educational, the results of which can not be calculated. Many have been led into a deeper spiritual life,, through their connection with, and plan- ning for, the work. The Central Young Ladies' Aux- iliary in Detroit has for years been the banner So- ' ciety. ■ It was the first to get out an annual pro- spectus, and for soriie years took an animal pledge of $400, which was duly appropria'ted by them at the be- ginning of their fiscal year. Not only in churches,, "but in schools" and colleges, have Auxiliaries been formed ; and not only talents, gifts, and zeal laid upon the altar, but some of the students have given them- selves to the work, and are now in the foreign field. The statistics for 1895 show 810 Young. Women's So- cieties, with 16,157 members. •
Making a place in our missionary fold fo# the tiny lambs of the flock had loiig^een in the minds of .some of our missionary leade^fcind worked more or less. Hence, the Little Light Bkarer move-
62 WoAfAA/ 's FoRBrcx Mrssio\ARY Society.
meht in 1891 simply gave this thought more definite shape, and was heartily welcomed.
Mrs. Lucie F. Harrison, in the commencement of the year 1891, presented to the Kxecutive Committee of tlie New England Branch the following plan : To invite our babies, under five years of age, to become members by the payment of twenty-five cents a
A LITTLE LIOHT BEARER.
year for five years, and suggested also that a new card certificate of membership be expressly prepared for these little ones to keep as a memorial. This plan was cordially welcomed, and io,oOo certificates were ordered, all bearing the .stamp of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. Soon other Branches began adopting the method, and using the enrollment cards, or certifi- cates. Not only this, but many other denominations
Branch HisTOny. '63
also began calling for them. This necessitated order- ing more, making them undenomimUioMal ; and from that tin\c tlK' interest has steadily increased. Thirty-two Ihou.sand were printed, and over 20,000 had been culled for np to January, 1S95. The movement was officially indorsed in 1S94, and the outfit made free to all. •
Previons to the inauguration of the Little Light Bearers movement, perhaps no one had done so much to secure the interest of the little children as had Miss Clara Cushnian, through her " Penny Helper" cards, with the " Korget-me not," speaking to the heart. Mr.s. Harrison has aho is.sued a "Jewel Gatherer" card, unique in design, for a similar purpose, to gather the pennies for mis.sions.
Besides the missionaries sent out from this country, the Society has employed Miss Budden, whose father was one of the I.,ondon Missionary .Societies' repre- sentatives; Mi.ss I'luLbe Rowe and Miss Grace Stephens, Eurasians; Miss Cecilia Guelphi, a South American; Miss Blackmore, from Australia; Miss. Lydia and Miss Amelia Diem, from Switzerland; Mi.ss Jenny Locke, Japan; has accepted Dr. Hu KingEng, for China, and in 1896, two other Chinese girls — Miss Ida Kahn and Mary She— also educated in this country, will be ready^as pliysicians. Added to these are Mi.ss Elsie Wood, whose wlioli^ life has been spent in the South American Mission, and Miss Hettie Mausell, taken to India w]icn a baby; Ruth Sites, only out of China long enough for her education ; and Frances Wheeler, who was a very little girl when her parents
became missionaries in China. _^
♦ ■ . ■■ >,
, Chapter IV.
CAMP-MEETINGS AND OTHER ASSEMBLIES.
THI*; work of the Society has had earnest repre- sentation at many of the camp meetings all through the country. We can only mention a few in this connection.
Marth.v's \'inky.\rd. — As early as the summer of 1869 Mrs. yiementina Butler, went to Martha's Vineyard, -and awakened an interest in the women of India, so that tlie support of two Bible readers -was secured. The following year the interest was re- newed, mainly by the, efforts of ^Mrs. Rev. J. H. 'fwombly. Tiie required sum of $60 was again raised for the Bible readers. Mrs. J. 1). I-'iint, of Fall River, generously gave, unsolicited, $100; Mi.ss Belle. Twonibly collected $20, to make Mrs. Mary D, James a life member of the Society; also $9.30 for the Heathen Woman's Friend, and 513.50 for orplmn girls. The total amount for the season was $/o2.8o. We are without farther data for later years.
Albion, Micii. — In June, 1870, Miss S. A. Ruli.son attended the Albion camp-meeting, "hoping in some way to interest the good wonieii who should be pres- ent, so that each would be willing to organize an Aux- iliary in her home Church. After a day or two she was invited to speak from the stand at eight o'clock iii the morning. The audience was small, but there were more preachers than could sit on the stand." Alter 64 \
CAMI^MeETISGS and other AsSKMBLltS. 65
that sen-ice, a paper was handsd her, signed by every presiding eUler present, recouimeuding her to all the Methodist preacliers in Michigan for the priviltge of addressing the people on^ the subject of Woman's Missions, and to aid in organizing Societies. Before the can)p-nieeting closed, Rev. 1). D. Gillett, presiding elder of All>ion Di.strict, called his preachers to- gctlier,,and made out a three weeks' program, including evt^ry charge on the district, to commence immediately at the close of the camp-meeting, arranging with the preachers to take or send her from oije charge to an- other until the circuit was completed.
Ocean Grove. — At this charming "City of the Sea," during the camp-meeting in 1872, two mretings were held in the intejests of the Society. An enthusi- astip and prayerful spirit seemed to animate the ladies as they heard and talked of the progress of "Christian • woman's work among, the women of heathen lands." " The strong west wind, as it swept acro.ss the taber- nacle, and touched the billows that rolled and foamed a few hundred yards away, must have catried to the East many a prayer 'Jind hope that will yet be fulfilled ill. India and China when -the 'sea of glory shall spread from pole to pole.' " Two hundred and seventy dollars was given for "camp-meeting mercies," to be applied on the Woman's Hospital in Bareilly. Mr.s. William Butler then organiz.ed the Ocean Grove Woman's Foreign Mi.s.sionary Society, auxiliary to the New York Branch, enrolling 140 members and two life members. Mrs. Dr. E. H. Stokes was elected President, aiyj has done much through all the years to infuse interest in the Society by her own ze31 for the 5
'66 WoMAy 's Foreign Missionary Society.
cause. No special effort is made to secure members, the managers considering the prime object to be the spreading of missionary intelligence. Women return to their homes from this place, and iiecome centiJrs of missionary circles. Year after year, under the presi- dency of Mrs. Stokes, the work of this Auxiliary has been going on. Ivternity alone can develop the ex- tent of its influence. Through the kindness and Christian sympathy of Dr. Stokes, the Society has been permitted to hold an anniversary every year, and Anniver.sary-day has become one of the important occasions of the place. It is usually held on Sunday afternoon, \\1ien thousands are in at- tendance. On August 13, 1876, thirteen thousand persons were said to he present. Dr. Stokes had ■given the Sabbath morning hour. .Dr. William But- ler had been secured to speak, and his daughter Julia to sing in SpRnish. By a i)re.ssu,re brought npon him just as the service was about to|ppen. Dr. IJutler was induced to say that he must address that im- mense audience in the interests of his own work, and speak for the Woman's Society in the afternoon. Surprise overcame their pre-sence, of mind, and, half bewildered by the sudden turn of affairs, the ladies were about to yield ; but the one delegated to lead in prayer was not informed of the propgsed change, and as she caipe before God she was impelled to offer, a most earnest petition for Dr. Butler, "as he should speak for us to-day, " and for his daughter, that " her lips might be touched with heavenly unction while she sang," and for Mrs. Butler, "so many mrles away." ' There was power in that petition, and Dr. Butler said it compelled him to yield. One result of
■^HS^^pSTT^^^^^^^
^CA^lP-MEETltlGS AND OTHER , ASSEMBLIES. 67
his stirring address was a collection of #375, and at a special meeting of the ladies, another one of $187 to enable Dr. Butler to print rlie life of Alfred Cooknian in Spanish.
The addre.s.ses on these anniversaries are made by returned niissionariis, native Christians from mi.s.sion fields, and others. In 1892 the twentieth anniversary was a season of power and interest, greatly increa.sed by the presence and words of Dr. and Mrs. Butler. From the commencement, there were unmistakable evideifces of the Divine presence, and all the .services were iiglow with .s|)iritual fervor. The love-feast on Saturday night was at white heat. Most of the per- sons .speaking were, or had been recently, in the mis- sion field. The .sermon on Stmday morning was by Dr. S. L. Baldwin, who announced the following text: "I entreat thee al.so, true yoke-fellow, help tho.se \ women who labored with me in the gospel." He out- lined the work of this Society, showed what it had done, and what it needed to nieet the obligations contin- ually premising it, and did it in such a direct way that all hearts were touched, and each felt like asking. Lord, what wilt tliou have me do? The financial result of all tlltse exercises, including the Young People's Tem- ple, which contributed between ?5oo and ?6oo, amounted to $1,899.62, by far the largest amount ever contributed for this object. In 1872 the amount given was $95. 25; in 1894, $1,579.20.' The total amount collected in the twenty-two years is $2 1 ,427. 1 1.
Round Lake, N. Y. — A Society was organized at Round Lake in 1H73, with 144 members, electing Mrs. Joseph Hillmau President. That year Dr. Thoburn
/'
68 WomaVs Foreign Mi!>sionary Society.
was the principal speaker, though short talks were given by Bishops Simpson and Peck. In 1878 the anniversary was held during ^lie Union Evangclistical meetings conducted by Mrs. Harle, Mr. Hammond, and Chaplain McCabe. Mrs. Hillman presided. Miss Fanny J. .Sparkes was the first .speaker, and Dr. J. P. . Newman followed briefly. While the canva.ss for mem- bers was going on. Dr. Newman called for hfe mem- bers, linthusia.sm ran high. One thousand and fifty dollars was rai.sed, including eight life members at S20 each, the .support of eight orphans, and a pledge of $6(jo from a lady for Miss Sparkes's .salary the next year in India.
r *
Ci.iFTON Si'RiNGS. — For several years tlie Socifty <5f'Clifton Springs invited the Women's Societies of the various denominations on the district to gather' there for mutual aid and sweet connsel. At first the.se meetings were held in the audience-room of the church ; . but later the spacious pavilion would be crowded, until all around in the beautiful grove the eager list- eners gave evidenc'e of their deep entlni.siasm in mis- sions. Among those present from time to time were Rev..C. P. Hard, of India; Mrs, A. jTBrown, of F^ vans- ton; Mrs. Kddy, widow of the late Dr. Thon«(s Edd^-; the Misses Woolston. after two decades in China ; . Miss Cameron, under appointment to Africa. In 1875 addresses were made by Mrs. Gracey, Mrs. Dr. Hib- bard, and Mrs. J. H. Knowles, At the clo.se \\. and Mrs. Foster invited them to tea. After the delightful repast, the company was called to order, and Bishop Janes was introduced. He .said the scene before him was "poetic." He cominended the operations of the
fipfV^-^^m^A^
Cami^Mbbti.\<;s A.\n ^other AssF.trni.iHs. 69
Society, and saiil Uiat as'tlie Parent Socit^ and this were working together so liaruioniously, and as the marital relation was the most saered and delightful on earth, he proposed that the nuptials of tlie two be celebrated. Dr. Foster then s;iid, that, as the bishop had "gone courting," and as no man under such cir- cumstances liked to go away without an answer, he would call on Mrs. llibbard to reply, eitlier accepting or rejecting, blie replied that "she had been taught to be very honest in such matters, and she was now too old to change her habit in this particular. She confessed that she saw two insuperable obstavics to the match : the first was, they were too niar of kin — the bishop had just called one the /"an;// Society — and, secondly, there was too great a disparity in their ages, the one being fifty years older tl*n the other." She retired amidst great applau.se, Init the bishop, un- daujpted, arose to say that "a courageous man was not to be disheartened by one refu.sal."
-L.VKESIDE, O.— In 1876. Rev. J. M. Thoburn organ- ized an Auxiliary at Lakeside, under a tree. It has been kept up ever since. A liible woman in India ha.s" been .supported by this Auxiliary all these years. Florence Nicker.son was converted here, and the fol- lowing year received her "call" at the same place. Many missionaries have .spokenat thennjiiversaries and on other occasion.s. I'licbe Howe's visit is still green in mai.y meniorie.s. In 1881, Miss Thoburn was the speaker, and when ^lie told her audience that .Miss ICllen Warner was ready to go to India, and sorely needed there, but there was no iioney to sind her, a preacher. rose and said: "I know Mi.ss Warner. She
•frs
70 IVOMAJV'^ FOKEIGN MlSSJONAKY SOi,/£/y.
can stand as peer with any teacher in thw State, and if she is willing to give up her fine ediK|ation and congenial surroundings for the lowest and most igno- rant in a heathen land, I want to give the first $25 to send her." In a few minutes ;540o was raised.
Elizabeth Ru.s.sell, when there, carried away a sub- .. stantial gift for Nagasaki, Japan.
Besides the Bible readier, help has been given to many objects of the Society, and Missionary -day is part of the program.
Lancastkk Camp-meeting, O. — While no special ;
work has lH.'en carried on year after year at Lancaster camp-meeting, it has a hi.story in'this direction, and large gifts have been given ti;^ various places, or to mi.ssionaries. Among those who.se names are connected with this camp-meetiiig are Mary Loyd, Lizzie' Fisher, Anna Bing, Anna Jones -Tiioburn, and Elizalieth Maxey. Much seed-sowing has been done on these ■ ' v
grounds. At .several other camp-meetings in Ohio missionary meetings are held each year and collec- %:
tions taken. The same is true in many States. Acton canipuieeting near Indianapolis, Des Plaines and Watseka in Illinois, Cry.stal Springs and Reed City in Michigan, «nd ^thcrs, furnish speakers who represent \ yie Woman's Foreign M^^^onary Society. * '
> ., ■•■■'■?•' . ■ ^ ^
' TippECiUNOE Battle iSiy)uND, Ii*p.-7r-ltf the year 1882, through thk influence of Mrs. Rev. Aaroji Cpur- \- ney, an Auxiliary of the Society \v4s organized at the . « ■ Battle Ground camp meeting in nidiana.' Each year » since a Missionary-day has been'^art of the program. The Auxiliary has paid $434 dues. Collections taken
^iW!^yW^-!v ■■- y^^' ''!{' .■^■i^c'W-'^^^w^'^'^^i
Camp-Meetings and other Assembues. 71
at the aiinivciwary meetings have been !(( 129.53 for medical tdiicalion, $30.25 for zenana paper, $44.26 for Bulgaria, $.^2.55 for Singapore, and $60 for life mem- . bers. Leaflets and other missionary literature are freely distributed. The following per.sons have given addres.ses: Mrs. IJlizahetli Wheeler Andrew; Rev. J. C. Davison, of Japan; Rev. A. Marine, D. D., Miss Anna Downey, Miss Kranc Baker, Rev. M. M. Park- hurst, D. D., Miss Thoburn. Rev. Messrs. Isham, Old- ham, and Floyd, of India; Curtis, of China; Miss Forbes, of Japan; Dr. and Mrs. West, of Singapore; ' " and General Cowen, of Cincinnati.
Lake Bluff.— The, anniversary pieeting at Lake Bluff A.ssenibly grounds in 1886 was a memorable. oc- casion. A special train of seven filled cars, six from Chicago and one from Evanston, carried over, four inuK^red people to the grounds. In the forenoon there was an address by Dr. Alaba.ster, of Chicago, and a discussion of the ''best methods of promoting the efficiency of Auxiliaries." In the afternoon Dr. Si)enccr gave vej^ excellent service in securing a col- lection, and Dr. Thoburn gave a ,grand^ address. He also donated fifty ceilts on, each of his "Appreutice- ,; ■• ^lip" .sol(^ . One hundred copies were^ taken, and his donation, tlie collection, aiid the profits'Du .the railroad ticket^ amounted to about S300. " '
Kans.\s GnAUTAUQUA.-^ln July, 1888, Miss Franc
^aker conducted a four-o'clock Woman's Hour daily
in the interests of the Woman's Foreign Missionary
Society. On " India-day " short addresses were given
^ by Dr. P. N. ^irid Mrs. Buck and kev. Dennis Osborne,
72 IVOMAM 'S FOKKIUN MfSSlONAKV SoC/KfjT.
of India, and by Miss Mary L. Ninde, recently re- turned from a visit to our missions in India. Miiss Haker also gave one of the platform addresses, speak- ing on missions at the eleven-o'clock hour.
Silver Lakb Asskmbi.v.— An Ih.stitute- of the Woman's Foreign Missisnary Society was conducted by Mrs. M. N. \'an Benschoten, at Silver Lake A.ssem- bly, July 29 to August 5, it<95- The meetings were full of interest and enthusiasih, and Resulted in the .support of four Bible women and one orphan in India, and the planning of four new Auxiliaries, iK'sides the consideration of much more special work in India.
Mrs. Bishop Joyce conducted a Woman's, Foreign Missionary Society camp-meeting in Tennessee ,xa.
1x94- i'
Chapter V.
L I I fc l< A T U R B .
TnK Hh.vthkn Woman's Friknd -At ilu' very beginning of thi.' Socioty it was proposed that a monthly ])aptT he issued, and tlie following jirospectift was printed: "The paper will he devoted more espe- cially to the interests of the wprk among heathen women, and will he JlUed with interesting \facts and incidents illustrating that work, furnished Ij^- those laboring in Iieatheu lands. Information will be given concerning the customs and social life of the peo])le, the various obstacles to be overcome in their Chfis- tiani/.ation, and the success which attends the various departments of missionary labor among them. The design is to furnish just such a paper as will be read with interest by all the friends of the cau.se, and one which will a.ssist in eidi.^ting the .sympathies of tbt*' children also, aiuLpeducatc them more fully in the mis- sionary work. The price of the paper will be only thirtv cents per annum, so that it will be within the
4 t
reach of. all." • ^'
'After the decision was reached to publish a jxiper, came the difficult' matter of .selecting an editor; a woman with ability and adaptability, with literary ta.ste and clear ju<lgment, that could launch' a new en- terprise such as this, and do it successfully. Choice fell upon Mrs. Wni. 1*. Warren. "She was then only twenty-five years old. At that time papers and mag- azines conducted by women were .something of a
73
74 WoAfA.v's Foreign AfrssioNAur Societv^
noVelty, the field new and uiilrivd. With Ikt char- acteristic enerjjy slie iinnicdiately weirt to work^and the first issue of the paper, starting modestly with eight pages, appeared in June, 1869." Mr Lewis- Flanders stood ready with j(s"<'t() meet deficiencies, if at the end of the year it was needed. Other gentle- ' men also promised help. At the clo.se of the first year its subscription list had reached four thousand ; it paid all running expenses, and had a margin on hand. It was then enlarged to twelve pages. Mr. James P. Magec 'acted as guneral agent. A twenty- thousand edition was required in 1870. The sub- • seription price was rai.sed from thirty to thirty-five ■ cents, and Mr«. L. H. Daggett was appoint<fl agent. The July* number in 1871 contained a map. giving all the missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church in India, in tjffeir relation to each other and to the great cities. It was prepared by Miss l^hoburn, and is the first cartographic view of these important <ni.ssions ever laid before the Church. ,
In July, 1872, four more pages wero added, and it ' became a sixteen-jSage paper. Its circulation reached 25,000. During the' first seveif years a strong corps of contributing editors was annually elected. In May, .J872, the papeV appeared with Its first illustration. The engraving was that of the Mi.ssiou House and Orphanage at Bar^illy. Since then this has been a prominent feature. In 1875 the paper was increased • to twenty-fotff pages, and a beautiful new heading, and the .subscription price was rai.sed to fifty cents, wdiere it has since remained. In this year a new feature was added, called the " Home Department," the material being contributed by the Branch Secretaries. Volun^e
Drawn by Hits IsaMla TtoiHrm. Bmgrmvtd far Ik* Hkathbn Woman's Khikno.
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.'^.
VIII began with' thtt attrni VVillijnl as editor of the ( (iilt'd this position most a was then reluct,\ntly e: year, owinji; to financinl decreased to i.^.^SS. Th ajjain reached 20,000. Ii gett's resignation was ac Walden, the present pul)l pointed. The paper has General Hxecntive Comn the acknowledgment of through tlie Branch Tre.' of the history of the w abroad, as well as much 1 tlie An.xiliaries at home.
.Since i87,S it has fnrn entitled the Uniform Sliu of which the women of suing a systematic course jects. It has received mendation from mis.sionar In 1S80 tlie agent was in: a copy to each missionai colleges and seminaries Four more pages were ai the editor and the publi.' S500 to $700, and a sum expenses. The Februar an unwritten page with Warren," and underneat 1843— January 7, 1893."
"Widespread as Mill
' . , Liter ATi'KB. 75
VIII bcgnn witK the attractive addition of Mrs. Mary B. Willijrd as editor of the Cliildren's IKpiirtment. She filled this position most acceptahly for two years, and was then rehictintly excnsed. Diirijig the tenth year, owing to financial depression, the subscription decreased to i3,.iHH. Three years later the number, again repched 20.000. In November, iHHi, Mrs. Dag- gett's resignation was accepted, and Miss Pauline J. Walden, the present publishing agent, was again ap- pointed. The paper has pul)lished full reports of the General Kxeeutive Committee in annual session, and- ' the acknowledgment of all moneys to the Society through the Branch Treasurers, and kept the thread of the history of the woik on every mission field abroad, as well as much of the detail of the work by the Au.xiliaries at home.
Since 187S it has furnished the outline of what is entitled the Uniform Study of each month, by means of which the women of the Societies unite in pur- suing a systematic course of study of missionary su})- jects. It has received uniformly the heartiest com- mendation from missionaries a»d ministers and laymen. In 1880 the agent was instructed to send gratuitously a cop\ to each missionary, also to all the Methodist colleges and seminaries where ladies are admitted. Four more pages were added in 1886. The salary of the editor and the publisher was raised in 1888 from $500 to $700, and a sum sufficient to cover incidental expcn.ses. The February number of 1893 contained an unwritten page with the name "Harriet Merrick Warren," and underneath two dates, "September 15, 1843 — January 7, 189,-?."
" Widespread a.s Methodism was the bereavement
.'>i*
76 / / 'o^rAN 's FoKBit;\ A/tssioNAKr SociETr.
caused by the sudck-ti translation of Mrs. Warren."' For twenty-four years slic hail stoixl nt the head of this enterprise. .She had developed the paper so that it soon took rank as one of the model missionary period- icals of the world, and had reached the largest num- ber of snliscribers of any woman'.s missionary mag- azine published. After the death of Mrs. Warren, .lier daughter, Mrs. Mary Warren-Ay.irs, was appointed to take the mother's place. She accepted, " because in this way she could have the privilege of performing one more service for the mother who had gone Iw- fore." In July the form of the paper was changed, !is had long l)ltfli contemi>latcd, to tliat of a magazine, , and contained thirty i)ages. In the Young Woman's Uepai^nent was included a column of bright notes about "Other Girls," ^-arrying out a desire expre.s,sed by the former editor. Mrs. Ayars carried on the wt)rk with ability and acceptability until the close of the year, thus rounding out a quarter of a century of eOiUurial work on the same paper for her mother, and then declined a'further appointment. At the General Executive Comni»«(^e meeting in St. Paul, in Novem- ber, 1H93, Mi.ss Louise Manning Hodgkins was unani- mously elected to the important position of editor. She has introduced .some new features, a department of "I'aniily News," also a " I'ostofficeBox,'' and has brought out some special luimbers. The first was in March, I.S94 — the tuunly-fifth anniversary number — rthich was embellished with photo-engravings of our founders. Mrs. E. W. Parker and Mrs. Wm. Butler; and first missionaries, Mi.ss Isabella Tliqburn and Dr. Clara SwanTTl The sub.scriptions in 1895 were nearly 22,000. It has always paid expenses and given
.' •'■ LlTKKATI'KK. 77
•
large sums to tlu- Society. I-"rom i88j to 189,^ it cuiitributcd 526,oo<^ to other forms of work, and ha.s aided in carrying the. misci-llaiieuus literature pub- lished by the Society, the annuiil reports, uniform Ktudies, maps of our mission fields, life membership certificates for adults and for eliildren, and a great variety of missionary leaflets. This remarkable .show- ing deserves the commeu<lation of every woman who believes in the business capacity of hex sex.
During its journali.stic career the pa|)er has gath- ered into its friendly columns the best missionary thought of the century. To run through the list of corresponding editors in the early days, an<l, later, of ' its contributors, is to call to mind nearly all the Iclid- ing women' of pliil.iiithropic and mis.siouary distinc- tion in our generation. *
' LK/Vi'LKTk.— During the winter of 1R77, in Au- burn, N. Y., l\\u> \vi>nn;n —Mrs. 1). I). Lore and Mrs. J. T. Gracey — da\ by day tliscus.sf.d many things relatjirg to the development of the Woman's Foreign Mi.s.sionary Society, .so dear ta their hearts* Especially were they impressed with the need of (ni.s.sionary lileratnre,«that might be distrilidted among the women of ^be' Church, that would give information concerning tbe work and its needs, and thus awaken a uiissionary en- thusiasm, and they decided that this matter should be brought to the attention of the officers of the Society. Mrs. Lore was a delegate to the General Executive Committee which met that year in Minneapolis, and presented the m.itter of printing and disseminating missionary literature, but did not meet with the re- sponse these two had hoped. Some said, " We have
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78 WoMAN^S FOKEIGN MlSSlONAKY SoCIBTV.
no money for sucli purposes;" nnd others, "No one will read missionary littTaliire." However, after giv- ing the matter some consideration, they appointed a committee of six j)ersons, representing various Branches, with Mrs. Gracey clinirnian, but made no appropriation of money, which effectually tied the hands of the committee, who could do nothing but agitate the matter. At the following session of the General Executive Committee in Boston, the chair- man .stated the above facts, and the committee was continued, with instructions not only to print leaflets, but to arrange for lessons for the monthly meetings of Auxiliaries. Each Branch was authorized to appro- priate $25 from its provisional fund for printing the, ' leaflets. The first work done Was the publicatipn of reports from two Bible women employed by the So- ciety in India, laboring in Bndaon. Others followed; but as it was an experiment, the committee moved cautiously, but found at. the close of the yt'hr it had issued over 180,000 pages. At'tlie meeting iu Chicago in 1H79, the committee was continued, and the same appropriation made. During that year there was a great demand for these leaflets, for they met a great want, and applications for them came from every part of the country, and from various denominations. The number of pages this year was doubled. At Colum- bus, O., iu 1H80, resolutions of appreciation of the work of the committee and expres.sions of helpfulne.s,s concerning the leaflets were passed, and the appro- priation increased fronj $2-, to #40 from each Branch. A request was also made that Mrs. Gracey should pre- pare a history of our ten years' Woman's Medical work, which she did, and had it ready when the Gen-
!<??,. "^5*'' ':i..^T»v'c ■'•r'j'r;j»ir;?RTM?!5;
LlTKHATrRE. * 79
eral Kxeciitivc CDiniiiittci' iiii-t in Buflhlotlie followiiiK year. TIk' issue of leaflets that yciir niiioiintt-d to 350,cxx) pages. These ' were alt di.strihiited 'gratui tuiisly. At the iiieetiug in BufTalo tlie committee was instructed to prepare a wall map for use in AnxiliarieH. It was this )ear, i.s.Hi, that the appropriation for this work was nude from the surplus funds of the Heathen Wonuin's 1-riend, instead as formerly from the various Branches, and the sum of Jvi^J was named. This was increased to ;?5'«i iu iH.Sj. Hihlc readings in connec- tion willi the uiiiforni studies were reconiinenilcd, and .sm.ill m.ips for the ("nueral Annual Keiujrt. In 1HS4, leaflets in German, and tflose especially adapted to the needs of the young ladies' work were ordered l>ul)- lished. During these years, the puhlication of leaflets • was V''(»wiuj' to great proportions, and the is.suc was from two to three million ]iages annually. The chair- man edited all the leaflets, .superintended their print- ing, and distribnted them, unjustly taxing both time and strength. Other arrangements had to he made. There was also some moilificntion in the distribu- tion. I'"()r nine years these helps had been furnished gratuitously "in another sense, and it seemed neces- sary that a iinminal charge be made for all over ,four ]>ages. During the year 1885, there were is- .sued 47,^,230 le, diets, or i,()46,24o pages. Of these, there were thirty-six varieties, twenty-three that were new, while thirteen were reprints. At the General Executive Committee in Nebraska, 1887, the pub- lishing interests were consolidated by th« aiipointmeiit of a Literature Committee, to take charge of the papers, and ;Sj,ooc> appropriated for the work. Five persons were appointed — viz., Mrs. Dr. Warren, Mrs. Gracey,
'^■.■,
80 jyovAw's Foi!i:rn.\ AMsuwivv Sri, /hrv.
IIBis II. Ill Mrs. I, U Illtl, and Mi»r, Wild. 11 wlio met (or ni^;.iuH' itioil al tlic Iidiih' ul Mrs \\\iiiiu ill Cainl>rid>ii.iH)il, M IS-.., Jajiiiarv 11, iSH.s, a]i|)()itilitin Mrs. Crai-i'V cliairtil.m. Mi>s U'lildm lri;i>~iirir, and Miss H.irt sccrct.iry. Mrs Hut was un.dik- Id si-rve, and till iiimniittii- riln.iMK.l witliDnl inD.lifu-atioii unid till' diitli .il Mi--s Hail in iH.).., «lun Miss Mary I, Nm.l ami Mrs. I'. J Kn.iwks win- a.l.U.I, Mrs. Kn.nvk-s liiiiiK a|i|)"MU>-.l s(iritar\ In iH.)-; the coinnulUi- a>;ain nul Willi aiDllici l.is^ in ilu diatli ol Mis. W'iruii, win 11 Mrs. () \\ Scill wis up- poinU-d. .\l the' iiiK'ani/.ili.in <il tin. (■.iruniittti-, the publication ..I all niilUr wis traiisU rri-d to H.iston. It is iiiiiiii^-.ililr t.> >;ivt a list ul 'tlu- liltratiirc i^siu-d during; tlusi vc.irs. Tlic ricimls show an i-x|H-ii.li tiirt- ol ali.iut Sjiii»i. . ami an issiu- nf ovrr lliirly million pa.His. An idtaul tin- txj.ansion'or tlu w.nk is naini-.l l>v ihf oiif juililK-.itiofi tlic .\tiniial k(.'p.>rt. Tlif liist iiiiL- oicii|>ii'l oiiK a Ji.iKi' or two in the Fiiind. The story "I the lirst .\ e.ir's work eonld he tolii ill a ku niinntis. lint in tin Iweiiu hllh year, the >v.)rk ol» heatluii women and ehildreii has fjrowii to such .liiiuiisioiis, .111(1 sent oiit it'^ tiranehes in so many dircelioiis, that an .\niiiial keiuiit ol 17J pages does not tell the stor\
Thf Woiiiivis I'litnd. — India may be a land of books, voluniini'iis and varied, hut it has no literature fit for a woman to read, ami the people have found a ju*t defense |.)r the illiteracy of the women in the im- moral character of the literature of the land. In iss^, lit the ineetiiij; of the (icneral Kxei'utive Com- •mittee in Des Moines, a proposition wasjnade by re-
f.t • •' ^■«m^i'^;
L/TKKATI gB, .%i
turned niissiotiaric-t thnt a Christian pnprr be e<(tab- 1i»lii-(l in till- viTuacular of tlic women uf India. Tlierc were present Rev. Mr. nnd Mrs. Craven, Mrs. Par- ker, Mrs. Johnson, Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Iladley, an^ Mi's. Grai'cy. The actual need for sueh a paper was set forth, and sftnie siigKfstioiis and encouragement of- fered. The committee decided to undertake the en- terprise, and instructed Dr. Craven, of the Mission Press ill India, to take charge of it. DuriiiK the rfteet- iiiK, Dr. Craven received a teleRram from D. C. Cook, of tiJiicago, donating to him, for his general pres.s- work in Luckiiow, a .steam-press worth $2,250, and on this the zenana paper would l>e printed. In referring to the action of the committee, the late Miss Hart .said. " Prolialilv the wisest and most significant, as certainly the bravest, work uiulcrtaken at this four- teenth session of the General Executive Committee, was the plan to create an endowment of $25,000 for the establislinient of a /enana paper. That there should be a neccs.sity for this, is the best evidence of the sliccess of the work wrought among these women. When, about a quarter of a century befor?, our mission was planted among the twenty millions of people given lis to evangeli/e in the Northwestern Provinces, probably there were not twenty women among them tli;it could read. It was deemed a ridiculous, if not an . iiiii)ossible, thing. ' These missionaries teach our women to read,' indignantly and scofiingly cried a prie.st; 'why, next they will be wanting to teach our cows.' Certainly we need to. publish a paper, then. But they have been, and are being, taught by the thousands; and we had to face the fact that we had established a reading constituency, and had given 6
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;ff,5"^''«f3rVr^/*<'''^?T^^ ™';^^ ' 'fwSv •
Si IVo.u inf's Fokh:ii..\ AtissioNAkr SociKir.
Ilifiir ;ilin<i''t iinllmin *" riad. * V\'e 1-ail iriMteil tlu- waul, ^niil wxTi' Imiiiid to supply il 'I'lii' <|Ui.'sti(in ol tifNl iiii])iiit.m( I- liiiaiiu'. H'/iiit lliiv iliii/l uiiil' Tlitti till lurllur vi-rv jiraitical <iuisliiiii, Huu l/iis wiinl Uiis lo hi in, t ' •Ddiiiid up ;\n a SikMcIv 1>> certain wi'll (Ufmi'il -Nprcilic wiirk, to \w ilniii.' in a spfcifio \va>, nitli all tlu' m(•all^ raised in \\w ordinary way pliMl>;i(l lo this Work, tcrlaitdv sonio extraordinary nu'thixl must Ix adopted to nuit this extraordinary demand. Hut the time was ans|)iiious, What could liave l)cen niorc t'lltint;. as Methodist women, than
•thus to lcKUmIi- our entrance into the second cen- leiniial ol <nii Methodism' How could we have'het- ter attested oni nialitnde for all the way hy which We had heen led. lor all the work that had liein throuj;li wrt wrouKht. than lo make this grand new departure in niissionary enterprise? Tlien. was it not a niMidlx wav in uliicli to celchrate the tntiance of our Church in its second (piartir of a century c)f Work in India.' U'e commenced with nothinjj hut prejudice and o|)position. We ha<l ^''thered about us a chuich. a connnunity with Sahhath schotds ami day-
. schools and hoarding schools and orphanages and Iios- pital.s, and ult the apjllianccs of earnest evangelistic and educational work. Yet one thing was lacking ; aye, one thing was useful. And so we honored our ccnteynial celebration as a Chun h, our i|uartercen- tennial as a Mission, hy supporting a missionary liter- ature adapted to the wants of . our women and the work."
The women of the Church were asked to give twentvfive cents each, and in live years the endow- ment was complete. Mrs. Sleeper Davis, of Boston,
Lm KMI UK. 8^
having given, as she pruniiwjil, llii- lust $5,oo«i of the $j.S.<xx) iikIdwiikiu Wlirii Mrs. D.ivi.s was makliin a tour of tile vvoilil, visiting the Mitho.li^t missions, she was piivilc^id, in Juiinary, iHijo, to go throngh tlie puhhsliiujr house in I,in.kuow, and sn- tin- various menus ancl"w;i\ s hy whicli i\\v \y.\\wx is gotten up.
It is (alhd Ihe Woman i l-n,,ul, and is issued twice a month in tour diiUits -the I'rchi, Miiuh, llin- gah, and Tamil mid eontniiis editorials on the leading topics of tlK' day, especially pertaining to the condi- tion and needs of woiiiin; discussing such niaticrs of interest as widow IkhhI, infant iiKiiriagc, and ollu is of national iiiiporlaiui-. a piiliitv of Mtiiie noted l.uild- ing. place, or pcrsun. will, a lull description; also pic- tures ol liini; aiid aniiiial> : a continued story of ih,- life of Cliri-,!, with an ilhisiration for each iiuniher; col- umns for correspoiidiiuv, for cliildnn, for medical notes gems of thought, news iiotis, and Christian hymns, fdl the i>ages. Tlie first copy of the pajjer in Urdu appeared early in |,SH4. Miss I,. \-.. Hlackniar was elected editor hut resigned in i.vTS;, on acc(nint of the pressure ol other work, and Mrs H. H Ridley sue ceeded her as editor of the I'rdu and Hindi editions /piihlished in Luckiiow. The Urdu is called " Rajiqi- Nisuanr the Hindi, ' AhLi llitkarak." On Mrs. Biidley's return to Anurica in iSyj. Miss Thoburn was appyiiite<l editor, which p()-.ition she now holds. The Bengali cdi'ion, i)iil)lishe<| in Calcutta, is called " Afa/i,/,i Ih'ndhalc. " Its first editor was Mrs. Meik; then, in i.s.S.;. Miss Kate Blair was appointed. The Tamil edition, published in .Madras, called the Afalhar Afil/iiii:' was e<lilerl by .Nfis. Rndisill two years, until her death in 1889, when Mrs. George Isham became
,?wK:^f pwp^t'\iTr'fj^7'jr*"~"t^ '~
»4 Wo.vAN'\ Fokkh.s Mission aky Society.
her Huccessor, unlit her return to America in 1890, when Mi-Mt Oraie Stephen» wii"* n|)iM>inte(l to thf pcini- tfon, which nlie still hohh. In i«9,i a Maralhi edi- tion was ordered, if the lun<l(t warranted the expense; but it was finally made possitile hy an annuaj dona- tion from the Krie Conference of ti^o. and Minn * Sarah De Line was appointed editor It is published in Hombay. l)urint{»her illness in 1H94, and return to America in i«y5, Miss Minnie 'Abratns became ed- itor. It is estimated that 20,000 women in the zenana read these papers.
Thf Hiid.n Fraiirn Freiind—\n 18H.S the'Ocn- eral Hxecutive Committee provided for the publica- tion of a Oermaii paper, to meet the want of the German consiitueiicy. For some time the German Secretary had realized the need of such help for the progress of the work and cncouruKenient of the work- ers. The first numbers were seiU out with much trep- idation, but freighted with prayer, as it was a strauRe thing for a German wonmn to edit a paper; but the Lord opened the hearts of the jxople, and Mi.ss Dreyer, the courageous Secretary, received nuich en- couragement. She liad had no previous preparation for such work ; but trusting in (iotl, she studied and worked on month by nioiUli, finding in Him her all- suflTicieiit help. The present edjtor says: "As I look over tlie first little volume which lies before me, I am impressed with the wealth of material which thi« little four leaf pajHir contains." The first number was i.ssued in January, 18H6, and in December tliere were 1,200 subscribers. In 1887 the paper was doubled in size in order to coutaiu the mission studies. During
■■m^^^<v^>^w~^!^>~y^ . -" V * '^•' ' • . , ■ -T . ■
' LlTKKATrHK. ' 85
the yearn iHHHind 1H89 Mrii. Warren, wliohnil spent five yenr^ in liermunv. iiikI whn nn iiiinsimlly ^'ood (ierninn •tcholar, became its editor, lu iHHH Mrs. I'h. AchnnI, the present editor, visited Mrs. Warren, while a short titne in America. As she wns at tlie time preparing the (irrmoH Fririii the two women lidkeil to^etlier about its future and the good it was doiuK. Mrs. Warren said; "If yon ever live in America, this will lie your work ;" V)ut the answer came in dismay : " No, never, never can I dt) such work!" Hut when Mrs. Warren could carry the a<lded burden aiul responsi- bilitie.s no lonKer. etlitiuK all the time the (■jikI|''Ii pa- l»er, atul Mrs. Achard had come axain to .America to live. " What conKl I do," she asks, " but take up the work prompted by my great love lor the editor, though with many misgiviiiKs as to my own ability, and go forward trusting in the Lord.' and he has been an ever present help." In 1.S9V Mrs. Achard said to the writer; "I can not umlcrsland that \\w Heiden Fraiirn FminV is in my hands, if it was not for the words, ' My strength 'is made perfect in weakness.' I have often realized the help of my I.ord in this work, and though imperfectly done, yet I am so thankful that the good Lord lets me m.'lp a little in His work." Year by year the number of subscribers has increased. In 1S94 there were 2,882, a good percentage when we consider that among the .^,229 members (piite a num- ber take the Knglish paper. There i.s evidence of much good accomplished through this little paper. In March, 1H94, the German constituency celebrated the " Silver Anniversary" by an enlargement of the number for March, and each I)eceml)er number is also enlarged by four pages, to contain the proceedings of
8ft WoM.i.\'^ FoRt:iii.\ MisMa.\AKy SOi'iKTr.
llie ('.fiiirul I-'xfciitiM- Coimiiitti-f. Mrs. Actard priiys til, It tills hitlo iiii->Miim I m:iv briiiK lu'lp iiikI clicournin'iiiiiil In till' workers, iiiti'rctt tli()<* who staml iil.ir, iiiul lie u iiumiis to spitMil oiit-llic Kosprl tliroii^;lioiil ilu- lunlluii wdild" TIiIh is tin- only mis sioii.ity [liipi'r III the (>< rill 111 NrilliodistCliiinli of this f-oiiiilry,' ami the only (Jcniiaii paper iii 'the worUI editeil liy a woiiian.
The //<<(///. '/ Cliildnti's l-'ri, lul - M\v\ tile Woiiiiiii'h l'"orelv;ii Mission irv Society \y.is tully ornaiii/fd, the worki-rs ill \,irioiis p.irts ol' the eoiiiitrx saw the de- siraliility ol etilisimn ,iiid ediicitiii^; the children bh helpers. HiiiiN were loriinil with this eiiil in view; liiU with these new orn,ini/.itiiMis ,i new (piestioii arosi- ■■ Wlure shall \\k- find siiitalile reailiii); matter (•r them ' '. .\ppeals troiii all sections came to the editor and pnlilis||,'r ol tiK- //nil/i, ii ll'iniiiiii's h'riind, askiiin for soiiiethinn desir.ilile for entertainments, lor lessons, ami lor nener,il iiilormation. .\ partial re- sponse was found to this diinaiid, in tlie "Children's !.';•,' irtment " ol^ the f-n,iiii, and in Leaflets: lint there was a HT'i'lii'i'ly <^ecpeni^J^! conyietioii that ni)thinK Imt a ,/ii/i{>iii's f<,if>,-r woiiUI ni^e full s.itisfaction. In l,SH4. at the meeting; of the (leiieral ICxecutiye Com- mittee helil ill lliltiiiiore. Mrs Warren, the editor, and Miss Wildcii. the pnhlislier ol the /■"//>■«(/, with others who hid liecoiue deeply interested in tile project, 111 idi a definite (iroposition that the Societ,' imniedi- at< h eslalilish n children s missionary paper. The matter was Vjroiinlit before the coinniittee in proper form, was discusseil, voted upon, and lost \i\ two votes. .The following year tiiere was a similar discussion.
•w
IXDIA'd CHItUKKN
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with a similar result; and it was not until four years later, in the Convention at Detroit in 1889, that a fa- vorable decision was reached. The choice of an ed- itor was also then considered, and the name of Mrs. Emily Huntington Miller, presented by Western del- egates, was accepted. After mature deliberation, Mrs. Miller felt obliged to decline this appointment, and Mrs. O. W. Scott, of the New England Branch, was substituted. The name chosen for the new paper, by a majority of the Branch Corresponding Secretaries, was the Heathtn ChUdrcu's Friend, and in January, 1890, the first number appeared. It started as an eight-page illu.strated monthly, attractive in general appearance, and received a hearty welcome from inter- ' ested friends. Its list of subscribers the first year was 5,128. With the beginning of the second year it was enlarged to twelve pages, while its price remained tlif same — fifteen cents for single subscriptions, ten cents for a club of ten or more sent to one address. In five years it reached a subscription list of 17,000, with a fair prospect of increase. This bright little paper is filled with stories and sketches from our foreign mis- sionaries, who give their best to the children. The home side of the work is not forgotten, as articles for recitations are constantly furnished, while reports of Bands occupy one page each month. Another page is devoted to "Our Les.son," while still another is set apart for the youngest corps of our great Mission Army — the Little Light Bearers.
Translations. — The literary work that is being accomplished by Methodist women in mission fields in translation, school and song-book making, and tract
:v-'/;V^^.
\
90 lyoAfAN 's Foreign A//.ss/oxabv Society.
writiiiK. deserves more than an enumeration, since the circulation of Christian hlcratnre in heathen lands is one of the foremost dcnymds of the age. Perhaps the married missionaries have done more of this work than those sent out hy the Woman's vSociety. Of • these latter we find the following translations :" Short Stories for Children," "The Christian's Inheritance," "Life of Susannah Wesley," "Life of Hester Ann Rogers," Clarke's "Scripture Promises;" also "Me-' morials of Christian Life during tlie Middle Ages" for the Gokyo. the Church paper, Miss M. A. Spencer, Tokyo; Commentary on the First Kpistle of John and First Thessalonians; also, "Outlines of Bible- History," Mrs. Caroline V'an Patten, '\'okohama; Mrs. Meyer's hooks for Children's Meetings, Miss Phelps;, a book illustrating the moral teachings of the Bible,' : Miss Baucus; A Bible Hi.story, prepared and pub- li.shed by Miss Flizabeth Ru.ssell, Nagasaki, Japan; a School Cieography, prepared by Miss Anna B. Sears, Peking, China: Berean Sunday-.school Les- sons into Italian, Miss Kmma Hall, Rome; "Peep of Day," Mrs. M. F. Scranton, Seoul; a Bible Picture- book, Miss Louisa Rotluveiler, Seoul, Corea; a Sun- day-.school Hymubook, Miss Gertrude Howe, Kiu- {Tiang. .She al.so edits a Children's Department in the Central China Advocatt'. The Misses Woolston, when in China, edited a child's paper. Glad Tidings, which Misses John.son and Boilafield edit alternate montlis with A. B. C. F. M. .School textbooks. Miss Mary Robinson ; Physiology, Dr. Lucy Hoag, Chen- kiang. "How to Win .Souls," and hymn tran.sla- tions. Miss Ruth Sites, Foochow, China. In Japan, in 1892, a system of prizes was awarded Japanese ^
LirsRATViiE. 91
women by the inissionarie?, on suggested topics. Miss Mary Reed, after her exile to Chandag Heights, engaged in the work of translation. The Ten Com- mandments into Bhotuja (\vhich has no written char- acters). Dr. Martha Sheldon. •
Olher work has possibly been done which has not come to onr notice..
Books. — Of the books is.sued and sold in the interest of the Society by home workers may be mentioned : " Diamond Dust," Mrs. Jennie Fowler Willing; "Si.s- ter .Ri.lnour's S.icrifice," Mrs. C. F. Wilder; "The Orient and Its People," Mrs. J. G. Hauser; "First Decade of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society," M.iry Sparkes Wheeler; "The Flowery Orient," Mrs. Bi.sliop Newman; "History of Medical Work," Mrs. J. T. Gracey; " Rosario," Mrs. J. F. Willing and .Mrs.- E. J. M. Clemens; " Historical Sketch of the North- western Branch," Mi.ss Franc Baker; "Bright Bits," Mrs. M. S. Budlong ; " Flora's Graduation," W. E. Blackstoue; "Gist," Lily Rider Gracey ; "The Bish- op's Conversion," Mrs. F;ilen B. Ma.xwell ; " Glimpses in Chinese Homes," Mi.ss V.. U. Yates; "Famous Filials," and " Boats and Carts," Mi.ss Olara Cnshnian; an Auxiliary«Treasurer's Book by Mrs. Fl. M. Pattee, and a Set of Books forjlie two Secretaries and Treas- urer by Mrs. Birch.
Besides these are many booklets, memoirs, ' bio- grai)hical and historical sketches, and tracts written by' the women of the Society.
The Missionary Lesson Leaf, prepared and pub- lished by Mrs. S.. A. R. Fi.sh since 1883, circulates
92 IVOAfAy 'S FOKEIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
' widely, the monthly issue reaching 20.000 copies. She also began the publication of The Foreign Mis- sion Field in 1888, for use in other denominations, which meets with favor.
In 1887 she published a Children's Lesson t,eaf, which was edited by Miss Franc Baker. This wasi> sold out to the Little Missionary the following year. -
A little paper called the Quarterly is published by some of the Branches. The dates' of first publication are as follows : Des Moines, April, 1891 ; Northwestern, August, 1.891; New England, January, 189.5; Cincin- nati, October, 1893; New York, March, 1894. The Minneapolis and Pacific^ Branches' also publish one.
Chapter VI.
GERMAN WORK.
GLANCING at German Methodism at large, we find the Church has never had more loyal sup- porters of its interests in all lines, be tliey evangel- istic, judiciary, literarj- or educational, than its Ger- . man membership. What wonder, then, that the Ger- man sisterhood took a lecp interest in the work of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society so soon as they knew enough of its aims and methods?
. Miss Margarctha DPeyer wrote in the Heiden Frauen Frcund for March, 1894, a rhtimi of tlie Ger- man work in the Woman's Foreign Missionary So- ciety, of which the following is a free translation made by her :
, It is probably impossible to decide'when, where, and by whom the first German Auxiliary of the Wom- an's Foreign Missionary Society was organized, because the German sisters united with the English soon after the organization of the Society in 1869. But this was not a methodical and united effort from the side of the German sisterhood, but rather the personal and indi- vidual impulse of those who came in contact with the English workers. We know that as early as 1872 the .specific organization of German Societies be- gan, because the Woman's Auxiliary of the first Ger- man Methodist Episcopal Church of St. I'anl, Minne- sota dates its organization from that year. This or-
M
94 H^O.V.tN'S FOJtBJi.N M/S^JONARy SociBTy.
ganization was effected by the united efforts of Mrs. Mnry C. Niiid and Mrs. L. I'rescolt, who al.so organ-, i/.ed our first Cltrnian Au.\iliary in Faribault, Minn., during the same year.
lu the territory of the present Central German' Conference the work early gained a foothold in the German Churches of Cincinnati and Greenville. O.; also Jeffersonville and New Albany, Ind., and at other point.s. The same can be .said of the present Chicago Conference. St. Louis German Confereu-e had them also, at least one in Farmington. Iowa.
The first positive date we fiml is March 8, 1878, when .Mrs. Davis, daughter of the sainted Bishop Clark, organized the Gennania Voinig Ladies' Society of the Third, or IJuckeye vStrcet, German Church of Cincinnati. Two years later, on the .24th of March, the Auxiliary at linterprise, Kansas, was organized with Mrs. V.. Hoffman as its organizer and' I're.sident.
In 18H2 this same woman sent me a copy of the leaflet, "Wanted: Only a Woman's Hand!" by Mrs. Julia M. Olin. The appeal strangely thrilled me. I had asked God fre<|uently for absolute contentment in the duties "which lie nearest," and yet found no peace because of the conviction, " The Lord hath need of thee;' whither and wherefore were unknown, but finally were placed unconditionally in the hands of the I'ather. The leaflet .seemed to open my eyes, and al.so the floodgates of my heart, and brought me to a de- cision, though another year passed before it seemed possible to organize at Kan.sas City, Kan. fthen \V')-an- dotte), which was finally done April 13, 1883. I was deeply convinced of the truth that the heathen women had as much claim upon the German women of the
W^WvWw^fW^^^^W-^^^^
German Wokk. 95
Churcl^as upon the Kngli.sh-.sptaking portion, and as we at that time stofnl muler tin- tliriction of tlie Sec- retaries of the Knglish Conferences, I conferred with them as to what could be done to arouse p more gen- eral interest among the German-speaking Churches. Their opinion seemed to be that I was better ac- quainted with the German work than they, and requested me to write an essay on " The Si)irit of Mis- sions Among the Germans, ' lor the annual meeting of the old Western Hranch, wliich convened in Topeka, Kan., October, 1883.
I complied with the request, and, in company with three other members of our Auxiliary, attended this last Western Hranch meeting; and as the Lord unex- pectedly opened the way, I there organized my first Auxiliary. How little I knew what would become of these small, beginnings!
This Branch meeting, the first I had ever attended, was a great blessing to myself personally, yet when requested to accept the respon.sibilities of Gtrman Sec- retary, and as such visit among the Churches through- out the Rranch, wliich embraced the entire country west of the Mississippi, and continue in the direction of the newly-founded work, I hesitated, and would have declined; for my wishes and hopes were in an- other direction, had I not recognized God's liaud, and for Him and by His grace I accepted it.
What was done up to this time, in beginnings here and tliere throughout the land, I have already told. It is more difficult to state what the fruit of these ef- forts were, inasmuch as there was no one to keep the special records and accounts — the German work in- chided in the English Conferences. The only sourco
.\
^
96 Woman's Forbjcn AfissioNAur Society.
of information within reach is the Annual Minutes, and statistics of the various German Conferences^ which were organized in the fall of 1864. Among their entries of contributions for various benevolences we find the first mention of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society in the year i873'». The receipts this first year from the then organized German Con- ferences— Hast, Central, Northwest and Southwest — to- taled J.^SS-TS- ■
Though these statistics are far from satisfactory, it is interesting to note the fluctuations in tlie contribu- tions of the succeeding ten years. The largest annual contribution which tiic liast German Conference reached in this time was $75; Central German Con- ference, $171; Cliicago German Conference, $26.21. Northwest German Conference, 5i44-55l Southwest (now St. Louis) German Conference, $52.45; West German Conference, $176.90; Coa.st of the Pacific (later, California German), $38.75; South German Con- ference, $12.30. Tlie total contributioifti of the decade amounted to $3,167.79. This, the financial fruit 'of those times under the .scattered supervision of English Conference Secretaries. But the fruit in point of or- ganization was far less satisfactory. For tliese I searched, when I accepted the tru.st proffered me in 1883. True, I was primarily appointed only for the territory west of the Mississippi River, yet I was anx- ious to know how it stood in all parts. When I left home, January 2, 1884, '"'' "'y first itinerating tour for the Society, I knew there were but five German Aux- iliaries in existence— the one named in St. Paul; the "Getmania," of Cincinnati, O. ; the third in Enter-
^^■ia^^jfWp^^'^^W-''"!f^¥v^^
GsKAfAN Work. 9;
prise, Kan., and the two which I had organized in 1883, Wyandotte and Topeka, Kan.
The relation we had, up to this time, held toward the ICnglish-spcaking part of the work, was unnatural, and for that reason the efforts put forth failed ta bring forth fruit with eiiouKh vital power to live and grow.
My first two weeks in the itinerary will not be for- gotten. The first week of January, when I began, was the coldest week of tli* .season, and the railroad connections not the best, a\id I inexperienced in traveling. A ride in the hack frtjni .six to seven o'clock in the nioniing, with the mercury 28° below zero, a night in a little railway inn to catch an early train, which I missed because the clocks had stopped in consequence of the extreme cbld; the same cau.se ditched a train ahead of us and gave me a lie-over in n dreary cross-road station with only rude men, from q P. M. Saturday to i A. M. Sunday, reaching my des- tination about 2.30 A. M., at a depot with neither light nor fire, and no conveyance to carry me to town, a half- mile di.stant. I took my grip (hea\-y with mis,sionary literature), and followed some commercial travelers, who had shown me gentlemanly kindness, and would have assisted me had they not been similarly bur- dened. The way led up an incline, and I slipped continually. When I reached the hotel my feet were sorely blistered, and did not heal for weeks. This was the prelude of .severer tests yet to follow.
I had at another time, later on iif my experience, made an appointment in a town for a Sunday. I -stated the case plainly, and told the minister that if it could not be arranged for me to have one of the serv-
'*iW'i'?Wv^~.?,iJ¥i.7^
98 Wo.v.ty 's FoKEJGN Mission AKr SociKrr. '
ices for the cause, I nIiouKI be- happy to spend the Sabbath there as their guest, if cuuveuicnt, returning ■1 my center of operations from a tri|) in another di- rection. I confidently expected word, but received ', none, and, it being Saturday afternoon, I could hope for nothing. After thinking the matl,cr over carefully, I decided to go, and fomid the pastor's family greatly afflicted through illness, and with this, and the usual care of the Church, the pasto' had had extra work by sickness and death in the charge. He had therefore forgotten to* write me. I requested to be-.slunvn or directed to a hotel; but the pastor said he knew of none (tliough he had lived there three years). I left the house, glad for the darkness of night to conceal my emotion. How I wanted to take the next train to loved ones more than a thou.sand miles away ! I risked going to the next*appoiiitment, to which I had been made welcome by letter ; but fearing the pastor's fam- ily might asjc whether I had had supper, I first went to a groctiry-.storc and bought two wafers and an apple for a penny or two. and ate them in the darkest street I could find, ,so I could truthfully .say "yes.'y for my ^liroat was too full and choked for eating. How much more I could relate of experiences akin to that of Paul in 2 Cor. xil But why should I? I will rathCT praise God who made it possible to conquer through Christ our Lord, for whose .sake and in whose name I had entered the field. As I look back I can truth- fully say, there is no feeling, neither was there then, against such opponents as I met; for I felt God only could know the motive, He alone had the right to judge, and I think we all learned*to know and prize eaclj other as members of one body.
'^?p?»W;raW»r^»!Sp- ■%f^:^f^^^::T0_9SSm^f!^'';^. -
German Wokk. ••99
The ludicrous was not always lack^nj. I had had considerable trouble geuiiij,' the CoiilVitnce floor in a certain Conference, whey I visited tliLin the first time, and was free enough afterward to say that it looked much like a game of chess between, myself and the Conference Secretary. S^me one kindly informed him of the remark ; and when I again stood before the Conference, a year or two later, warmly praising God for help vouclisafed, and inviting their co-opera- tion in ever-increasing ])roportion, the Secretary, who was sitting in the altar where I stood beside liim, dis- tinctly whispered: " Vou are making a good move on the chess-board to day." I went on, only looking him in the face to let him know I had heard. Afterward I told him privately I perceived some one had in- formed him of my comparison, but added: " Though I had no desire to pain you, yet, had we had the op- portunity of talking the matter over, I would have told you the same." He laui;lied, shook my hand, and congratulated \\\i on to-day's success.
Hut more preciously treasured in memory's store- house are the hours of sweet communion with my God, when, in long days of travel or nights of delay in lonely depots, I .so deeply felt that he had only led me aside from the crowd that 1 might enjoy his nearness.
That the acquaintance with so many con.secratcd women has been a source of endless pleasure and profit, none will doubt; but not all will comprehend the thrice-bles.sed hours that pwaited me on retiring after a heavy day's work, whcn'sleep refused to come at my bidding, because of the nervous excitement. If not too tired, it was a jubilation ; if too tired, I
loo Woman's foKEiGN Missionary Society.
would cry, but not alone. Jesus was so consciously near that, had he opened my eyes as he did those of Elijah's servant, I shoujd not have been startlt-d to see the " Beloved Master." 'T were hard to say which was most precious ; for in both 1 knew that he fully understood nie. ,
In 1884 I traveled within the bounds of the West and the St. Louis German Conferences; also, in the present North and Northwest German Confer- ences— all west of the Mississippi ; but received in- vitations to come further east as well. I accepted, and in 1885 extended my work into the Chicago Ger- man Conference. Duriiif,' this time I organized the still-flourishing society of the First German Method- ist Episcopal Church, in Milwaukee. But the greater pt)rtiou of the winter was spent in the Central Ger- man Conference; and the following autumn and win-" ter I reached the Atlantic Coast, and labored for a time in the I\ast German Conference. '
By this time I had associated with me a number of loved co-laborers, who assisted me in copying cir- cular letters, also in mailing supplies ; which was a great help. So far as possible, I had such a one in each Conference. „ •
In the year 1H87, nine Conferences reported work — seven in America, where I had labored,' and the Con- ferences in Germany and in Switzerland, which had been called to life in 1886 by Mrs. Hagans, of Chi- cago, whose timely efforts in seed-sowing might have been less fruitful had I not followed with earnest let- ter-writing by way of remembrance. However, they were now at work, under the secretaryship of Mrs. P. Achard and Mrs. A. Spoerri, respectively.
:-i -.
German Work. loi
Mrs. Achard is the daughter of Dr. Jacoby, the father of Methodism iu Germany and Switzerland ; mother of eleven children, and matron, or " haus-mut- lir," for the students of Martin Institute, at Frank- fort, Germany. Very wise was her arrangement, ac- cording to which the membership fee is fi.xed at thirty cents yearly. In this wise she enlisted the inas.ses. Those who can do more, and feel so inclined, can, and do so.
The following is a translation, made by Mrs. Ber- tha S. Ohlingtr, of a circular drawn up by Mrs. Ach- ard and Mrs. Manii, and sent throughout our work in Germany and Switzerland :
"i)KAR SisTKK, — Since our husbands have, with- out our knowledge, organized a Branch of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, thereby occasioning great joy among our sisters in America, it is our duty to go forward in this work. Although we, the under- signed, are among the number having tlie largest families to care for, we have nevertheless resolved, with the help of God, to accept tl^e office which has been conferred upon us, but would ask you tqassist us in the duties "connected therewith — in the first place, by securing subscribers for the Hciden Fraucn Frciind.
" We are of the opinion that if every Sewing So- ciety, or any other society of si.sters, werj to sub- scribe for one copy, it would be a fair beginning.
" Secondly, we would ask you to find members for this Society. Inasmuch as our sisters are already taxed to the uttermost, we have concluded to fix the rate of membership at five pciuiies per month. Larger contributions will, of course, be accepted.
'•^■^ ' ^'*f'*if.-r^™;'« ';«;• 5^^^^^
lOJ iyo.WAN 'S FOREHiN AflSStOyAKV SOCIETY.
The paper will come to about thirty cents per anuum,
including postage.
" You niny, perhaps, think that we an; already overburdened, and can not jiossibly do more. That is exactly what we thought at first ; but after consid- ering the matter carefully, we feci confultUt that the Lord will aid us in this work if we put our trust in him. It is our duty to lend our sisters -in America a helping hand.
"If we but call to mind tlie mfiny privileges we, as Christian women, enjoy, .as compared with the women in hcatlKU lands, surely the love of Christ must constrain us to do all we can for the further" ance of this cause. We would therefore entreat you not to kt this matter rest, but to do all that is in your power to do.
"All contributions are to be sent to Mrs. M. Mann, in Kaiserslaiitern, Bavaria ; also, the number of sub- scribers for the UddiH liiuHii J-nund is to be re- ported to her. Other correspondence, in regard to the organization of Auxiliaries, membership, and the work of the scjj.irale Societies, etc., is to be addrcs,sed to Mrs. Acliard, Rikleiburg 88, Krankforton-the- Main. In the hope that we Inay .soon have the pleasure of hearing from you, we close with sisterly greetings. Pii. Jalouv-Ach.akI),
M. M.WN."
California reported its first German Auxiliary in
1890, which at once took rank under the leadership of Mrs. C. Meyer. This sanie energetic and loving sis- ter inlluenced the first urgani/alioii in the \orlh Pa- cific German Conference, at Taconia, AWishington, in
1891. Since then we have organizations in all but
•
-'-'s^im!^fS!ffW^^«^^mmW,W
GsK.VAflf Woxa: loji
one of the now thirteen German Conferences in Amer- ica and I'iiirope.
The first General Ivxecutive ComniiUce meeting that I attended was held in livanston, 111., October, 1885. At this time I explained onr efforts and hopes and desires, and was cliecrfnll/ granted the necessary literature; and in January, 1H86, appeared the first number of the Uddnt t^i-auen J-reiiiid. As I had no one, at that time, who was both capable and willing to assume the responsible work, I added it to my other duties, trusting the IvOrd for strength and wis- dom to do it. Two years I carried this combined work, 'and the next two our beloved (now sainted) Mrs. -Warren piloted the little craft, until God sent us ^^ the right person for the place in the person of* Mrs. P. J. Achard. I will not enumerate the other numer- ous casual pubbcations which were, and still are, a great help ; for, with the constant increase of the work, more were needed.
Thus the end of another decade has come. Financially, we have done more than threefold as well, giving $;,5, 242.65 ; and the five Auxiliaries with which the decade opened^ have grown to be 11)4, with 4,520 annual and 47 life niend)ers— enough to organ- ize a Hranch, were it not that immense distances and other considerations prevented thus (ar.
The Society recognized the pecuiiar situation early, and in 1889 gave me a .seat and voice in the General Kxecutive Committee, as ' Superintendent of German Work of the Woman's Foreign Mi.s; ionary Society.' In the meanlime my honored assistants have advanced Iroin mere ornamental to veritable Conference Secretaries, who now form my link of
104 Woman's Fossign M/ss/oNAgy Soc/Bry.
comtAnnication with the organizations. Beside the names of Mrs. Anna Spoerri and Mrs. h. Kiena.st, Switzerland; Miss D. Gebhardt, South Germany; Mrs. L. Wi^nderlich and Mrs. A. Hempel, North Ger- many ; Mrs. L. Edwards, East German Conference in the United States; Miss A. Baur, Cincinnati German Conference; Miss Julia Enderis, Chicago German Conference; Mrs. Maggie Zimmerman, North Ger- man Conference; Miss E. Schuette, Northwest Ger- man Conference; Mrs. E. Schnackenberg, St. Louia German Conference; Mrs. Bertha Kurtz, West Ger- man Conference; Mrs. C. Meyer, California German Conference; Mrs. B. Bauer, North Pacific German Conference, who are my assistants at this time, I wish to make gratelul mention of the following, who preceded them: Mrs. H. A. Eranz, the Misses Lizzie and Clara Bauer, Mi.ss Bertha Rheinfrank, Mrs. Mary Snyder, Miss Anna Fiegenbaura, Miss Ida Hallsick, Miss Julia Reinhardt, Miss Mary Kaeser, and others, who succored in numberless way.s.
How has this been attained and maintained? It is not to be denied that in this decade, too, there has been a constant per cent of loss as well as gain; nevertheless, the present condition of the work is sufficient proof of the wisdom of carrying it on as a specifically German work, even though the workman- ship displayed is of an apparently inferior order. With the better knowledge these workers had of Ger- man needs and peculiarities, we also received the needed helps in leaflets, blanks, etc., etc. As climax and crown of all, our dear Hcidni Fraucn Frcnnd, which has already entered upon its eighth year, though it has both changed its form and increased its
GSKAfA.V WOKK. 105
size, is stretching in a manner wliich indicates that the dress is again growing too small.
In enumerating gif^s and givers, we must not forget our own four German missionaries (besides a number who have been rocked in the arms of Ger- man motliers, but who have abandoned the language of their ancestry) — Miss h. C. Rothweiler, in iSHf; Miss Bengel (now Mrs. Jones), three years later, both from the Central German Conference; and in 1893, Miss Lydia Diem, from Switzerland to Bulgaria, and her sLster, Miss Amelia Diem.
But have we only given? Far from that. We have received a German nii.ssionary literature from the hands of our generous Literature Committee, and . to our own lives h.is come £i broadening and spiritual and intellectual development which only so high and holy a cause xould bring about. As a sisterhood, we have Become united as nothing else could have made us ; and we have learned to recognize causes for grat- itude in our hutnble spheres— all unknown before. We have become better, more grateful, more active, and happier. In 'that day,' side by sidejtvith the women of heathendom, will .stand many German Methodist womeix of America and Europe, praising God for the benefits derived through the channels of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. *
CuiCAOO, ]u.., January 27, 1894.
In 1890 the Superintendent of German work vis- ited the Switzerland and German Conferences, and broug'it back encouraging reports, exhorting us not to forget the poverty of our people in those countries, and the sacrifices which they bring to maintain the.
. oa?:.*r., ^v.wi'.vi- -->■-■
1 06 iVoafAiv 's FoKBiGS Mission AR y Societk
work of the Church among them ; nevertheless, they who partake in these contributions to the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society do so with gladness that even the little they can do is not too small to be ac- cepted by the Society, to which they feel greatly in- debted for transmitting their gifts to their heathen sisters, and for aiding those more nearly home by sustaining Bible women both in Germany and Switz- erland. Tliey have a very happy mode of making tlieir collections monthly among non-Church-goers, and takiuiu; this as an opportunity to reach them for their j)ersonal salvation.
The work in the United States lies largely among the poorer people. The West German Conference, out of seventy-.six appointments, has only thifty-one that are si.lf-snpporting; but has thirty-five organiza- tions of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. Mite-boxes are freely circulated ou country circuits where monthly meetings could not be sustained.
District ineetin>;s are held ; the work is repre- sented at Annual Conferences and at camp-meetings; and tlic Secretaries attend the Branch meetings, catch- ing a flame of enthusiasm that burns brighter in their own hearts, and sends a glow into the hearts of the Auxiliaries.
Tlie Heidin Frnucu Frciind is much appreciated, as shown in its circulation of one paper for less than two members.
In 1S93, Mrs. Bishop Newman accompanied her husliand to Kurope on his epi.scopal visitation. Her addresses at the several women's meetings of the three German and Swiss Conferences were published in the Evangelist, of Bremen.
4.:hi
l^pilplfpf'
Chapter VII.
MISCELLANEOUS. GENERAL CONI'KREN'CE ACTION.
THE General Conference of 1H72 took action grant- ing the Society the most cordial recognition and encouragement, " officially authorizing the prosecu- tion of its work as a recognized agency of the Ciiurch, with uo other than its present restrictions." Impor- tant action was also takefi in regard to tenure of prop- erty, both at home and abroad, by which the trustee.s of the Methodist Kpiscopal Church were to hold property for this Society. Kach succeeding sessiini the General Conference has put it.self on record to the efTect that the Society is a most important aux- ' iliary hi missionary work.
Section 4, Article VIII, in the Discipline of the Methodist Ivpisc6pal Chnrch, concerning the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, reads:
" Th^ funds of the Society shall not be rai.sed by collections or subscriptions taken during any of our ^ regular Church ser\'ices, nor I in any Sunday-school; but .shall be rai.sed by such tiiethods a% the cpnstitu. tion of the Society .shall provide, none of which shall interfere with the contributions of our people and Sunday-schools for the treasury of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Rpi.scopal Chnrch : and the amount so collected shall be reported by the pastor to the Annual Conference, and be entered in a colwmn
,01*
io8 WoMAN^i Foreign MisstoNAur Soc/ATr.
/
among the benevolent collections in the Annual and
General Minutes."
• By an almost unanimous vote, in 1884, the follow- ing was adopted :
" Resolved, That S 4 of this pfiragraph, concerning Women's Missionary Societies, shall not be so inter- preted as to prevent the Indies from taking collections in ladies' meetings convened^n the interests of their Societies, nor from securing memberships, life mem- berships, etc., in audiences where their work is repre- sented; nor from holding festivals or arranging lec- tures in the interests of their work."
The collection-taking rights were made, in 189a, unmistakably clear, by expunging the word " regu- lar" from before " Church .services," and omitting the clause, " nor in any promiscuous public meetings," and now reads: " The provisions of ^ 4 of this para- graph (^[ 362) shall not be so interpreted as to pre- vent the women from taking collections in meetings convened in the intcre.stti of their Societies ; nor from securing memberships and life memberships iu au- diences where their work is represented ; nor from holding festivals or arranging lectures in the interests of their work."
Plain, strong words of recognition were given the Society in the Episcopal Address to the General Con- ference, in 1892:
" The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society stands forth as one of the grande.st agencies for the world's evangelization, and the wisdom and efficiency with which its affairs are administered remain unabated. No branch of Christian work has been more ably con- ducted in the entire history of the Church. Deprived
0 MiSCSLLANBOVS. IO9
of it, the missionary cause would lose much of its strength. It should be cherished by the Church as one of her prime agencies, and should continue to receive her heartiest support."
SPECIAI, DONATIONS AND BEQUKSTS.
" Rarely has a cause been sanctified by oflTerings representing aiorc of sacrifice and devotion than in some of these special gifts to the treasury. Gifts have been brought, hallowed by the touch of those whom God has taken from hearts left desolate. Memorial buildings have been erected, and orphans supported in memory of the loved. These have been baptized with affection and prayer; and we find here some of the secrets of the success, under God, of the Society's work. 'These have come up for a memo- rial.- "
The enumeration given includes sums of $1,000 and over. Perhaps the first donation for specific work was that of a native prince in India, of property valura at $15,000, for woman's medical work; and very early in the history of the Society, Lady Li, the mother of China's great viceroy — Li Hung Chang — left as a bequest to the " good Doctor " Howard, for medical work, $1,000.
Above and beyond the income of the Society, $25,000 have been raised for the endowment of the zenana paper, in India, $5,000 of which was contrib- uted by Mrs. Elizabeth Sleeper Davis, of Boston » $1,000 by a gentleman in Baltimore; and $2,000 by a lady in Pennsylvania.
As early as 71, Mrs. Sarah Kemp Slater, of Grand Rapids, Mich., willed half the annual interest from
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IPP^
I ro H'OMA-y'S FOKKK.S Missionakv Societv.
*
the sale of her property, which has nnioiinted, in the years ilowii to '95,10 over $4,f>,vs ; Mr*- J- !'• Newman (lAiated $j,f)0() (or a " Hume for HoiiiclcHs Women" ill North India; Mrs. Dr. (loiu-her gave $5,000 for the "Isabella Fisher" Hospital, in Tientsin, China; Mrs. Caroline Wright, $1,700 for a memorial school in Hakodati, Japan.
Mrs. TfrQ. ScofielU, of Klgin, III., beqeathed $7,- 000, of which $5,o<x) was for the medical educational fund of the Northwestern Hranch, and $1,000 each for orphanages in Japan, China, India, and Mexico; Philander Sniilh gave $4,500 for .school in Loftcha, Bulgaria ; Mrs. Adeline Smith, $5,500 for school-build- ing i)i Nankfti, $4,o<x) for Deaconess Home.jn Chung- king, China, and $1,566 to the general vtorlc; Mr. and Mrs. Wni. K. Hlackstone, $5,000 for Deaconess Home and Training-school in Muttra, India; Mrs. •• Vy. K. Hlackstone, $.vooo for school-building in i^W'' vTeoul, Korea. Mrs. Uertha Sigler, of Iowa, gave J^.TCKi for a school in Budaon, India ; Mrs. C. D. .Strong gave $i,o<k>, and Mrs. Clews, of Iowa, $3,000; Mrs* K. C. Del'auw, of Indiana, $1,000 for commenc- ing work in Japan ; Mr. Le Huray, of New Jersey, and his daughter, Ivleanor, $1,000 for outfit in Buenos Ayres; au invalid lady in Baltimore, not a Methodist, in gratitude to one who is, $1,262 ; Mrs. Frances Ste- vens, Joliet, III., for Bombay Home, $i,ocx); Mrs. P. L. Bennett. Wilkesbarre, Pa., $1,000; Mrs. H. W. War- ren, (or work in Japan, $1,000; Mrs. Mary C. Nind, of Minneapolis, for opening work in Singapore, $3,000; Mrs. Wright, of Glen Hope, Philadelphia Branch, $3,000; Mrs. Louise Soules, of Michigan, to found a school in Aligarh, India, $7,000; Mr. and
■:,.t--
... . , ^ '
.MiSCKI I.ANF.OVS. HI
Mrs. J. W. I'liillips, of MuliiKan, ■for* Keiicral work,. >j.iMH); Mr. ntid Mrs rii>>leil, Trinidad, Colo., i<i,^i*i \ lior Mtenit, India; nii a^ffl coii|)lo in Topcka, Kan., » ^fj.cKv). A K^iitU'iiian in Iloinliay (.-oiitribnttd ?i,i<o<) for tin- uoik in tli.nt city. " Jonathan," of IJaltiinore, gave >i .;.Hi for lfil)li; .NVom.in's School in Vokohanin.
Ainoii^; the bc<|Ui'Ms, xvc note f i.iof) each Ironi Mr. Aaron Devore, Illinois; Mrs: Adalinc .Slanghtcr, •Indian.-'pblis; a legacy in Haltiniore; Miss McMillan, Michigan; Mrs. Hells, Michigan; Sheridan Hakcr, Mrs. I,o^;an, and J. P. Leiter, of Ohio ; Miss Isabel Hart, Ilalliniorc; Mary A llanuuond, Indiana; Rev. J. W. Agaril, Chicago; Mary J. Harclay, Johnsville, , N Y.
Other bequests are : Iv D. Boynton, New York Branch, $i,f<,So; Mrs. Hramwell, ("■aleslmr)', III, $t,- 500; Mr. Jas. T. Fields, ;f5,o<x); Miss L. C. Kejnncdy, Illinoi.s, )Fi.,109; Isaac H. KoU, Wisconsin, )F5.tvx> ; Mrs. Rachel Harford, Illinois, $i,5(x>; Jane A. Wag- ner, ChicaK". )SJi™>o; ICniily Kimball, Wisconsin, 5i ,362.5.S ; sale of Chicago property, ;>-mm • -.V) I Ivlvira Elliott, Michigan, $2,500; Caroline M. IVltinKer, In- diana, $1,497.75; Alexander McClure, Illinois, $2,- 1^9.70; Mrs. J, T. Harrison, Minneapolis, for Indus- trial Home in ToUio, Japan, S5,txx) ; al.so, Mrs, Col)urn, for room in the Home; Miss M, J. Kniiner, Midlin, Pa,, $1,910; Harvard becpiest for Medical Fund in Northwestern Branch, $2(x«; Mrs. Bishop Clark, $2,(xx); Miss Minerva Kvans, Cincinnati Branch, $1,- 500; Mrs, Kllen M. Warner and Mrs. Lucinda Button, Illinois, each $2,000; Mrs. James Abraham, Portland, Ore., for three schools in India, $15,000; Mrs. Sleeper Davis, $2,s.fxx5.
. ■, .9%'
ir''
w^^i^'^p^ffjjj^wf^i'rs^
1 1 3 Woman 's Fo/fn/t.jv Miss/onak r Socibty.
Hcsides the alxive, at a time of need in the Dalti- more iirancii, a bonil for ;^s.<x>i. to run thirteen years, bearing 5 per cent interest, was •g'^'*-'" ^V li-cx. J. F. Gonclier ; and the beautiful home of Mrs. Charlotte O'Neal, I'.i.-iadcna, Cal., has been given to the Society, reserving a life lease. A ;>4,or>f) mi.ssionai^ scholar- ship in Albion College was raised in the Northwest- ern Ilranch, as a memorial to Mrs. U. A. Hoag.
These gifts have i in parted fragrance to the whole work. He who "sat over against the treasury " has been keeping the record.?
Bum KSTS TO TIIK \\TpMAN'S FoHRION MlHSION-
AKY SociKTY. — Careful attention to the wording and expres.sions of a will are necessary for it.s full accom- plishment. If persons disposed to make be(|Uests to this vSociety will observe the following form, there can be no legal flaw : " I hereby give,and bequeath to the Woman's Foreign Missionary Sodriy of the Meth- odist Episcopal Churrh, incorporated under the laws
of the Stale of New York, dollars, to be paid
to the Treasurer of said Society, whose receipts shall_ be a sufiScieut acquittance to my executors therefor."
Snteteo into iteet.
OKl-rCl'.HS.
Mrs. (",. K. Dojiohtv, Corresponding Secretary of Cincinnati
Ilr.incli, 1S75, Mks. Dk, Stki'HKN Oi.in, President of New York Branch,
May. 1S79. Mrs. Arza Brown, Vice-Prciiident of Northwestern Branch,
I'ehruar)' 19, 1883. Mrs. J. T. Harrison, Treasurer of Minneapolis Branch, April
.V 1S86,
Ws^f^^W'V''"'
MiSCKI.LANKOl'S, , 113
» Mas. M. W. l>n*TK«, M. D., Pretiilenl of Drt Moiiict Rruiicti,
Scplcinl>rr H. 188H. Mas. K. A. B. HuAf,, Corrct|ioii<llnK Secretary, Northwmterii
Branch, Septemlwr 27, 1(0*9. Man. K. IIaMILTOn, Treuurcr of Raltiiiiore HrHiu-h, jHiiuurv
7. 'H91. MiM ISADKI.I.A Mart, CorreiipuiKliiiK Secretary, BaUiinnrt-
Branch. Scptemticr s, 1891, Mas. I'RANCiH .\. CaooK, I'reiiiclent, lliiltiniorc Branch, No
veWiber, 1H91. '
Mrs. J. r. KARI.Y, rreaident I'ai irie Branch, I'ehruary, 1H93. Mas. Ilisiiop Ci.AHK, I'rcsiilcMit, Cincinnati Branch, Octolwr,
Mas. Dr. Pa-Nfohtii, I'irst Vicel'rcniili-nt of Northwestern
llranch. August, 1S9.V Mas. KiiliKCCAT. CoMKCVS, Vice rrcsiileiit Cincinnati Branch,
i«9.S. Mrs. SrsAN J. Stkki.h, Vice I'nsiilent New Rnghiml Branch,
Scptcnil>cr 5, 1895.
Mrs. 1';i.:.i;n 111 nt Curtis, Recording Secretary, New ling- loud, October ]6, 1893.
Philanthropists. Mrs. ElizarkTii Slkkpkr Davis, Moy 8, 1891. Mrs. Aosuinb M. Smith, July 4, 1895. 8
#— _T**--4-**<i"-*' ■ "^
>^
<t!?ETwf
SUMMARY OP IIOMK WORfC^OR 1894.
Nr« I'Mixlonil.
Nrw York, . . IMiiUilelpliia, ll4illniiiirr, ■ CiiK'liiiiuii, . Northwriilern I)rM Moiut'H, Miiint'Mpolis T<>|»kn, , . I'liiifif, . . . Coliiinliia Kivrr Sfutttriiijf Suh., l-'urt'iKu
Totnl, .
It
.»<,»4"
"5.V17
S.,VM
ly,Mft5
".1.1^7
7.<M7
It 191N 9.W
J7"M 411
1M6
'Included iu Auxiliary.
i'M57 74''.Vtn''M3 iSJ-^IMfeiW 77 4<H 9" 3302161714518 aSBj
5S J
:!
m
.V'74 .W7» 1117
7J.» "9"4
'<M
fill)
"57 I4<;6
376 1613
l.WH 61H 7» '7' 170 109 >3<
loa
M
55
14a
4c j< 454
60
J? 6
35>
I
I
I
i |
1 T s |
||
9 |
.V |
.¥■74 |
Vi" |
1 1 |
44 |
.«J7H |
1'57 |
6 |
W |
"17 |
•40 |
1 |
H |
71.1 |
.^5^ |
t |
44 |
j6sh |
|
IS |
71 |
.V"/> |
ijHK |
H |
.<,( |
'9"4 |
IVJH |
6 |
'1 |
hlH |
hlH |
11 |
.V4 |
l'«'.l |
7I" |
S |
H |
Mb |
172 |
7 |
11 |
1}H |
170 |
.. |
I'M |
109 |
|
1S« |
"3' |
||
9° |
J30 |
11617 |
1451b |
f
I
I
MISCKLI.AIS
81'MMAKY OF APPROI'R
IWPIA. BVeoWNIH
North Imli* Confrrniie, . Nortliwril IiiiMh Confrrencf, ' S<nith Indin Coiifefi'nce, . .
Hotntiay Cnnrrrriii'f
nnigiil-Hurmali Cinifrrciicr,
Tol»l for India
Mitluynia
China.
North China
CentrnI Chitiii
We»l China .
Fooohow, .
Total for Chinii
J.*PAN
KoKKA. . I
WK.XIIO,
ITAI.V
Rl'I.C.AKIA
80ITII AMKHICA
GKRMANV,
8WIT7.KKI.ANn,
Totiil
Continxriit
TREASllReH'S i
AMOUNT OK MdNKV Col,I.KtTM>
OCTOHKK I. I.S94, IIV IlKAN
New Kn^loiid llr.iiich (inchidinx n i«>i friini Mr». Sleeper Daviol,
" New York llriinch,
Philadelphia llraiirh *.
ll.iUiniore llranrh
Cincinnati llrant'h
Ni>rth«i«lern Uranch,
I)e» Moines lirnnrh
Minneapolis Branch
Topeka Hranch
I'acific Itraiich,
Culunibia River Ilranch
Total
Amount raised, 1K93,
IdcreaM
,!*-(>**
?^?iri«r^ 7 n;K ,' ■ ^:-w^- '
MlSCKLI.ASKOIlS. 115
Bl'MMARY OF AI'I'KnrKIATIONH I'OR 189.V IMDU. nV COUNTHIRII.
North IiiilU Confrrriiir, . f.5'.t'7 ""'
Northwrtt India Ciiiirereiirr, * . IMS'" ">
South Inilln Conrrrriu'c iH,ii«i <>i
Bohittjiy CfHifrrfiice, '7.^^* •■>
RriiKnl Hiiniiith ConrrrriKr, . . 7..IIU >>•
Total for InilU, f ■ >'>..V<5 "<
Malnynia. i.^Mj i»
ClIIMA.
North China l'""t.Vt '"
CrntMil Chini i),i'7i)(«i
Wr»t Cliina, . . hA\i> '«'
Pcxichow, >ym '■■
Total for Cliinii Ub,\^ ii>i
Japan ... .'jN.jjj i«i
KOKKA, '*'i3'* '"
MKXICI) I2,6H| III
ITAI.V 7.757 00
Bl'l.l-.AKIA • 4.46J COT
SOITH AMKRICA lOfijfl lOT
('•H.KMANV IJO I<>
SWIT/.KKI.ANI) JJO III
Totdl J3I 1,160 (»l
ColitinKt-nl UlViH in
TRP.AS(JlteR'5 HE«>HT.
Amount of Monkv C<ii,i.KtTKi> hkom octoiikk i, 1H93, to
OCTOIIKK I, |S<>.). UV llHANCHK.S, AS KIII.I.OWS:
New UnKlnnil Hr.inch linclnilinK <■ lH'(|ur»t of (iis.-
i>«i from MrH. Slcrpcr I)avi<<i J'S.'(.94.S '3
•New Viirk llranrh .V>.<«j<^ <k>
Philailrlpliiii Ilriinrh • J6.7.1i •?
Ilaltiniorr Ilruncli. ij.rijj 36
Cinrinniiti llrRnt'h 40..S36 56
Northwi-«tern Ilrnnch 6H,584 17
I)e« Moint's Mrnncli 24,iAi 36
MinncHjioliit llranrh 9.1^9 26
Tii|>rka llrani-h 16,077 48
I'arifio Ilranch 5.042 94
Columbia River Ilranch 3.524 43 *
Total f'31 1.925 96
Amount raiacil, 1893 277,303 79
Increase I34.612 17
'"'Si ^V,' ''. ^'
W'r'
. '1 'if^w;;^ r "'^'^'^■W?Vi^^
ii6 Woman's Fokkk./v A/ixsioa/amv Socibty.
RRCKIl'TS OF SMKIKTY SINCK ORGANIZATION.
Prom Man h, iHNj, to April. 1H71 »4.54A1«
'• April I, 1H70, to 1N71, ll,,V»7 W
1H71, to " IH7.1 4-4.477 4''
1H7J. to iH7< ,V4.'*,Vt H?
1H7V to 1H74 'M,.V«J JJ
H74, to " 1H7J 6l,4<*J 19
H7^, to I'l'li. m, 1H76 iS'l*^ <>'>
" Hrli. 10, lH7ft, to 1H77 71..(64 .V>
1H77, to 1H7S (*,()<),) 5J
1S7H, to iH7y **.^\S ft9
879, to •• iSSo 76,376 4 J
i»)t<i. to •■ IKK IU7.9.W 4S
iHNi to Oil 1, iHHi i!lj,678 y)
■ ()rt. I i-Sj. to ■■ iSSt Ij6,«j^ 33
IS.S, to 1H.H4, ■ 14.V199 "4
iSh.,, to iS«J I57.44J 66
iHHs. to 1SN6 167,098 Hj
1SS6, to •' I****? 191. ',^'* '.<
1.SH7. Ill •■ ISSS Jf^-.V** 69
iSsA. 10 1H.S9 > J 16,496 IS
ISX.), lo IS.,1 JX>,.^J9 96
» •■ " 1H4.1. 10 ■• \>v,\ ]6.^.66i> 69
iH.,1. to i^)J i6,s,,Mi I.S
is.ij, 1.1 ■• is<M J77.J''A 79
l.S,,i. 10 1N<(.1 ,<II,9J.S 96
Total Mile f orKiUii/.iliciii, f.M5'M< '7
Aiixiliiirv Socictit-ii, Auxili.irv MimhIhts.
The Hoiiu- Work for iH<;s is nprtsented by the following statistics:
4,6.(0
Voting W'oiiU'trs Soti<'ti«'H, . . . 7^
\'oiuiK W'otiiiMi Mi-iiiIkth. . CliiMnii- l!:inils
MllIllnTf' II.UI1I
Total OrKHiii'atioiis, . ■ ■ .
Total Miiiilitrs
Coiiffreiice Sfcretarit-ft, • . Pistrirt Si'irctarits, .... Little I.iKlit Ilcarirs. .... Mitc Imixi-- ili'itriliiitfcl, . .
I4.,S«4
77"
IS.SHI
(), iHi
151, l6.^
91
l,.s6i 20,000
jtiff:.
w
Chaptkr VIII.
MEDICAL MISSIONS.
I.VDIA. OMAN'S mulical work lias l)ieii tin- otit^jrowth
of a necessity in all hcatlun loimtriis. Tliin in.iy lie si'cn ill India by liio fi)lli)wiiiK extract from the /iii/iaii H'iliiiis :
" While maternity may hv held in honor, and the mother of sons derives special dignity from her posi tion, the trcitnient of all wimun on the occasion of the birth of chililren is unimaginably cruel and sin- ^ pid. The education and civilization of which some classes of native 8<Kiety can justly boast, stop sliort of any attempt to ameliorate this evil ; and on Iuit,'lish- speukiuK and, to some extent, thinking Hindu Kcntle- nian still considers that all the assistance which his wife needs in the supremest trial of her life can be sufficiently rendered by a woman of the lowest caste, whose i){i)orance is her j;reatcst recommendation, since all that she has learned of tlie art she professes tends only to make her help more dan>;erons than neglect. The wretched mother, whose husband beats her with a stick becau.se her new-born babe is a daughter in- stead of a son. Is really little more to be pitied than the woman of higher caste, whose life is imperiled" and whose health is destroyed by the barbarous cus-* tonis of the country. The remedy for a slate of .things which it is unnecessary to do more than hint at,
••7
1 1 « M 'OMAN 'S Fo/tM/G.V JiflSSWNAK Y SOCIKTY.
li«* in the ]|r9p«r trainiii); i>f native nurses, and in •flurdiiig facilitii-H for medicnl and Hitrgicid attendanfe to tluise willing to avail themselves of it." ^ ~
To Mrs. Sarah J. Hale tx-longs the honor of pio- neer in this great movement ; and when editor of iiodfy'M /.tiily's Hook, in the March number for iH,s» appealed to American Chri.stiaiis in helialf of the "Ladies' Medical Minsjotiary Si>ciety," formed in Philadelphia, in November, i''<.si, with the special ob- ject of " giving aid utid sympathy to any women en- gaged in medical studies, who may desire to become missionaries."
Turning from this initial movement at home, let us glance at the beginnings in the foreign field. The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Method- ist Ivpiscopnl Chiircli tijok the initiatory in sending to Asia a lady physician with a regular degree. Pre- vious to ' the organization of this Society, Mrs. Tliomas, the wife of a missionary in Bareilly, often spent her mornings in dispensing medicine, and felt a growing conviction in tlic demand for female doctors, and wrote to America, and i)rayed to God that one might be sent out. In India, she explained her views to Dr. Corbyii, who promised that, if she would write them out, he would forward tlieni to the Government. She heard no more of it till Sir IV'illiam and Lady Muir called to .see the orphanage in charge pf Mr. Thomas. Sir William not only entered into her ideas, but he olTered to have a class of girls instructed by his native doctor, if they were sent from the orphan- age. Mrs. Thomas, however, felt that nothing would do for this training but " a full-fledged " missionary lady physician; and she and Mr. Thomas went on
.♦
WW^rmpi^^fPKF \^^ffm^f^i''V^^j''\^v$y'f^^
' • MiniiAL Missioss. 119
with cnrefiil |ireparati>ry instriictiutiii in the orphan; a|{i-, tu fit Kii^I* to (-'"((.'r a nicilical cUhs.
Mi-niiwhile, ut N'ytiee Till, Nuixl Kishun called un I)r. Iliiitiphrcy, of tlic (iciierat Stx'icty, tu bhIc hint tu aHHJiit him in carryinK nut a plan tur educating Monic native women in midwifery and the treatment of disca.HeH of women and childn-n. He prcnniHcd, from his own resourccM and from among his friends, tu lind half the funds, and tu apply to the (luvern. uient for tlie other Imlf. The application was made through Colonel Kmn^ey, the commissioner of Kum- oon, to Sir VX'illiam Mnir, the lieutenant-governor of the Norlh\test I'rovinee-'; hut althoU|(li favorahle, he met so many ohjeclions from medical men that the colonel withdrew it, and l)vcame personally rcsponsi- hle for the remaining funds. The first nicdical class of India, consisting of nine women, was opened on the first of May, \Uv.), in that heautiful hill station "beside the mirror-lake, beneath the sheen of the eternal snows," in Nynce Tal.
After a two years' course of study, four women were examined before a HoaVd of three physicians, one of them inspector-general of hospitals for the North- west Provinces. To each of them the ^ard gave a certificate that she was " qualified to practice as a midwife, and also to undertake the treatment of all ordinary diseases." They added, inoreod'er, that her knowledge of medicine and surgery was "(juite ecjual " to that of the generality of locally-trained native doctors.
" The victory was won," says Mrs. Gracey, " once and for all." " That certificate meant a revolution of ideas, plans, and practices— a blow at superstitions
■A-'.'
I JO H^OAfA.\''> FOREICN AflSStONARV SoCfBTY.
Iioary with age, and at religious systems long opposed to the bchevolent spirit of Christianity."
The first lady physician to sail .'Tom the American shore for the heart of India was Miss Clara A. Swain, of Castile, N. Y., a. graduate of the Woman's Medical
MISS CLARA A. SWAIN, M. D.
College in Philadelphia, in 1869. She was formally applied to, first by the Woman's Union Missionary Society, and subsequently by the Woman's Foreign Missioimry Society of the "^ Methodist Episcopal Church, both being in search of a well-qualified woman physician. "After three mouths of thought
■ ' it ' •
Medical Missions. \ii
and prayer," Dr. Swain accepted the " call ;" and her- self a Methodist, the first application was gracefully withdrawn, and she was sent out by her own Church. ( She sailed on November 3, 1869, and arrived in Ba- ' reilly the 2glh of January, 1 870,
Immediately native Christian women and girls « came for medicine and advice; and soon others besides began to arrive. In a few weeks a lirahmin of high standing, a deputy collector under the Government, and the author of an essay on " Female Education," which had been read at Durbar, waited on Miss Swain to pay his respects. He expressed great interest in a hospital, and promised, npt only to subscribe, but to assist in raising funds. After a few days came the little son of this gentleman, bearing his father's sa- laam and request for a professional visit on his wife, who was suffering. Accordingly, the doctor, accom- panied by Mrs. Thomas, called at the house, where they were received cordially and hospitably. "After .seating us, the gentleman brought his wife and intro- duced her, telling her to .shake hands ; then offered her a chair, and told her to sit down. I am told that this was very remarkable ; that a native gentleman seldom pays his*wife so much respect," says Miss Swain. ) The lady was richly dressed in silk, em- broidered with gold, with a chuddah of a fine, delicate texture of many colors, with a deep gold and silver border. She wore several rings in each ear ; a large gold hoop, studded with pearls and different-colored stones, hung from the left side of her nose, and at- tached to one of her ear-rings by a chain. There were several pretty, delicate gold 'chains around her neck; ten bracelets on each arm below the elbow,
■:' h-iij-^t:-:.'
, ■ ^,, ' ■■''(,■ ■t',:-*'*-r' .
122 IVoM.jy's Foreign Mission aky Societv.
and several above ; rings oir her fingers, and a very large one on her. right thumb, with a small looking- glass attached. There were three large silver rings on each ankle, and several silver ornaments on her toes. ( She was literally covered with ornaments "She seemed pleased," says Dr. Swain, "with the idea of getting well ; and both she and her husband promised to obey orders on diet and medicine."
It was not long before another native gentleman waited on the doctor, requesting her professional services for his wife, who had been ill for three months. ) At his house the ladies were shown through dark passages and through a court, around which were cells for cows, horses, and human beings ; then through a second cotirt, till they found the lady lying in the opL-n air, on the housetop, with several serv- ants around her. Her mother was beside her ; and she at once began to weep, and to implore the lady doctor to cure her daughter.
Soon after Dr. Swain's appointment to Bareilly, she commenced a medical class of sixteen girls, pre- pared by Dr. and Mrs. Tliomas in the orphanage, in hope of just such an opening. At the end of three years, an Kxamining Board of tliree doctors a^sed thirteen out of tlie sixteen, and certificated them for praatice in all ordinary diseases. "; They had been trained in the dispensary, beside the sick in the or- phanage, and in accompanying the doctor on her vis- its in the city and the Christian village. Great change — from an abandoned orphan to a medical practitioner I " Surely," says William Arthur, " kind Charity never 'did look kinder than N^heu she was taking in at her door, from off the highway, a shock
. . ♦ MkOical Missions.' 123
nf disgujitiug hair, covering a shrinking mass of child- ish skin and bone, and then sending forth a fair woman, clotlied, lettered. Christianized, and skilled — the starveling waif transformed into the benefactor of society."
In 1872, Dr. Swain was called to twenty-six new zenanas, and made 543 professional visits, and pre- scribed at the Mission House for 1,200 patients. The inconvenience for clinics and the destitution of the poor made the nscd for a hospital very atrgent ; but a suitable site and necessary funds was a SL-rious prob- lem. A Mohanuncdau prince ownud property adjoin- ing the mission premises which would answer the purpose if it could be secured. But his highness was the Nawab of Ranipore, an avowed enemy of the gospel, who had boasted that the missionaries could never make their way into his city. However, M. Drummond, the commi-ssioner, advised the missiona- ries to apply direct to his fiighness for the estate, and ascertain tlie probabilities. As this was a memo- rable visit, we quote from Mrs. Thomas's account as published in the Northern Advocate: "Rampore is forty niilys from here; and the Nawab, when he heard we were coining, sent out twenty- four horses for us, so'that, at each of the six stages of tly route, we had fresh horses, and drove in a grand oW carriage, with coachman, two grooms, auf^yMfRtrider. At the last stage we had three cavalrymen to escort us into the city. As we entered the gates, the Nawab's subjects made low salaams, the children cried, ' Long life and prosperity !' etc. We were then driven to a house ' that is kept up especially for European travelers, by bis highness. There we found servants in attendance,
1 24 Woman 's Forek^n M/ss/ONA'/ty SociETr.
and evrf-ything on the most magnificent scale for our entertainment. You can fancy how these poor beg- gars suffered, when twenty-four different dishes were served up for breakfast, of fish, flesh, fowl, eggs, veg- etables, etc. At dinner we left off counting, and eat- ing too, in despair.
V " In the evening, the Nawab sent two pairs of horses and two carriages to take us about the city; but .said he could not see us that evening, as he was especially engajjed witli his prayers. To each other we expressed the devout wish that the Lord might direct him to grant our desires. The next morning we were up briglit and early, and his highness's car- riages and horses were again .sent for us. Brother and Sister Parker, Miss Swain, husband and I, took our seats for the eventful interview with royalty.
" We were first taken to several palaces and gar- dens, and at List drew up in front of the royal resi- dence. We entered the gateway right in the face of a great cnunon. Five royal elephants made their sa- laams to us as we passed. We went up the steps and into the 'pre.sence' with .sonitf trepidation, but felt re- assured when his highness arose, smiled, and extended his hand. After making the usual salaam, he gave me a .seat at his right hand, in a gorgeously-em- broidered chair; Dr. Swain next ; then Mrs. ^Parker. The gentlemen came next; then his prime minister; then his chief magistrate. We talked a little about things indifferently ; prai.sed his gardens and palaces; conipliniL-nted him for his taste, etc., while his high- ness smoked his hookah, and looked more and more pleased. Finally, the prime minister arose and whis- pered something to him, to which he assented. The
^^^ ' Medic Ai. Missions. 125
, minister then told Mr. Thomas to make his request, which he did with as much shyness and blushing as a
• school-girl. He said he wanted to procure, upon some terms, the estate belonging to him (the Nawab) in
■ Bareilly, for the purpose of building a hospital for women. He had proceeded only so far, when his highness graciously smiled, and said : ' Take it ; take iti I give it to you with much pleasure [or the pur- pose." We were taken aback ; the gift came so freely
. that there was nothing to say except to express our - thanks to the generous giver. All Mr. Thomas's fine speech and arguments, which he had been getting up in his best Hindoostanee for a week, were of no u.se. There was no occasion for them at all. I do n't know what the young Nawab himself thought ; but we si- lently thanked the Lord, and .said : ' He has given it in answer to prayer. We have prayed for it these many years, but never absolutely needed it as npw ; but now we have it.' The estate is worth at least $15,000. There are forty-two acres of land, an immense brick house, two fine old wells, and a garden." Some re- pairs on the building put it in use for a dispensary and a home for missionaries and their attendants, while it was deemed best to put up a building expressly for hospital services.
The estate was given to the mission October 3, 1871, and May 10, 1873, the dispensary was opened. By the close of the year, 1,600 women and children had received medicine there. Two of the members of the medical class gave valuable services in the dis- pensary, as well as in taking care of the indoor pa- tients, of whom there were sixteen during the year. The hospital buildings were completed and ready ior
ij6 Woman's Foxs/gn Missionary Socibty.
use January i, 1874, the first in all Asia for women! The expense of building, repairing the house already on the estate, making roads, setting out trees, etc., was $10,300, which was furnished by the Society, save $350 subscribed in India. Patients began to come to the hospital as soon as they could be accommodated, Hindoos, Mohammedans, and native Christians all hav- ing their own separate apartments. ' One use of the clinical room seemed rather uncommon. Native la- dies, arriving in their doolies or light palanquins, would be carried right into the room, and, with one curtain drawn aside, would continue lying ' in the doolie, and there be prescribed for. One young and pretty Mohammedan lady arriving in charge of her husband, it was found that tlie vehicle could not be got into the room, and there were men about. What was to be done? Dr. Swain tried to persuade the poor gentleman that an umbrella would sufficiently protect his wife from unwelcome eyes. Hut no ; he must have two; and .so defended, she effected the passage.
The prevailing diseases were small-pox, fevers, and ophthalmia; but Dr. Swain was never called to attend a case of small-pox; for was not that a sacred di.s- ease, over which medicine had no power? She was allowed to treat the results, however.
\, Dr. Swaiu added to her medical work zenana visit- ing and Sabbath services among the women. In 1874 the number of dispensary patients exceeded threw thousand, with one hundred and fifty outdoor patients ; and the following year the hospital patients numbered fifty, of whom six were high-caste Hindoos. 1 These brought their families with them. One brought oxen
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MEbiCAL Missions.
and three conveyances, with her husband, three chil- dren, sister, and no less than twelve servants, besides furniture and provisions. To the doctor, the hus- band was not welcome ; but the lady said that she could not stay without him ; " their friends would give them a bad name." One patient said: "May I not come here every year and stay awhile, even if I am not sick ? I like to walk out in the garden licre ; ■ if I walk out at home, my friends and neighbors think I am vvry bad."
After having passed through an arduous season of epidemic, Dr. Swain found the filth year of her serv- ice more satisfactory than any previous one. Then her health broke down, and .she was forced to retreat to her native air. The convalescence was slow ; but after four years of absence, she was once more wel- comed— very joyfully welcomed — by old friends and new, back to her post again.
Unceasing prayer was made by th&^women at home for a successor worthy of the work, which found answer in the person of I.,ucilla H. Green, of New Jersey. She was fully prepared by a literary course in Pennington Seminary, and a medical degree from the Woman's College in Philadeljjhia, supple- mented by several months' practice in tlie Hospital for Women and Children. Her accomplishments promised • a successful career at home. Her spirit hailed the eall to a missionary sphere. Arriving in Bareilly, .she found two assistants, Rebecca Gowan and liertha Siegler They had been brought up iu the orphanage. Rebecch spent two years in Dr. Humphrey's medical class. She was now a well-edu- cated, zealous young Christian, losing no opportunity 9
IJO WOMAJV'S FOREIGS MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
of preaching Christ to the sufferers. She assisted in examining patients and preparing medicines, and took Dr. Green's place when absent. Bertha had been brought to the orphanage a waif six years old, .so frightened by ill-treatment that she not only screamed at tho.se who had to deal with her, but bit them. Tamed, trained, converted, she was now a keen, bright student, writing prescriptions so well that Dr. Green did not hesitate, when absent, to leave her register- book in her hand.
The doctor gives a full and lively description of her visitors at the di.spensary on a single morning. On entering, she receives the salutation of the assist- ants, and of several women seated on the floor. Clean white clothes and bright faces tell her that tliese are native Christians. Ne.Kt conies the wife of a rich mer- chant, in costly array, and .she retreats to her carriage with great precaution against male eyes. A Moham- medan woman, with a kindly, tru.sty face, follows. A mother brings two puny children, and holds a branch to prevent Miss Dr. Sahiba from putting any " evil spiri* into them." The spirit she would like to put in is eggs and milk and meat; but animal food she must not name. Then a low-caste creature wonders if the like of her will ever be attended to, and goes away happy. Another woman wants to see if the doctor knows anything, and the two have a trial of their wits. One ragged woman, with "superfluous dirt," lias " the usual " dozen bracelets on each arm and five rings in each ear. The clinging of anklets and the nistle of ricl^^ dress announce two ladies from a zenana visited every week. A sweet, gentle woman is a native Christian, and " a jewel indeed." "You
■'mm^W^''
Mbdicai. Missions. 131
would feel," says Dr. Green, " like putting your arms around her, and calling her sister." A Mohammedan gentleman brings his wife and children. She will not take a seat while her lord stands, nor will .she speak in his presence. When he turns his back, slie does so, and very willingly.
In sixteen i;ionths. Dr. Green prescribed for 2,,i2a dispensary patients, dispensed over 6,o(K) prescriptions and had twenty-six patients in hospital, many of them high-caste women, who would never have visited the general (iispensary, choosing rather to suffer in si- lence, or be delivered over to the " charms" of super- stition and ignorant " hakuuis " (native doctors). During the year 1877 she married Rev. Mr. Cheney, a missionary of the General Society, and removed to Nynee Tal, where she laid broad plans for work. She was suddenly seized with cholera, and in forty- eight hours — on the last day of September, 1.S78— her body was laid to rest in the beautiful mountain cem- etery, and friends there and liere were overwhelmed with sorrow. Thus, in the same place wliere had as- iembled the first class in India for female medical missionary students, in less than ten years was dug the first grave of a lady physician. "And all down the winding vale of time will these two reminiscences flow along, like two noiseless silver rills, side by side with the pathway of the Mis.sionary Church of Nynee Tal." After the removal of Dr. Cheney to Nynee Tal, Dr. Julia Lore McGrew t«ok charge of the medical work at Rareilly. It was a most trying time. She had to contend with f^ood, famine, and pestilence; but continued in charge until 1880, carrying on the work, most successfully.
ija Woman's Foreics Missionary Society.
( Dr. Swain had now returned invigorated in health, and carried on tlie work, which conliiiu<.d to grow in interest and importance, until, in i«>>4, she reported over 7,ofx> patients treated, nearly i6,<xxd prescriptions given out, besides seventy-six patients in hospital, and visits to 352 out-patients. In Kelirunry of that year, a native gentleman — secretary to his highness the Rajah of Khetri (Rajpootani)— called on Dr. Swain, and asked if she would visit the RAni (wife of his highness 1, if she should be officially sent for. He had previously called on several other lady physicians, and had learned of their ability and success, and would take the report to the Rajah. [ The doctor replied, if sent for, she could arrange to spend a month with the Rani, if desired. About the first of March the secre- tary telegraphed her to be ready to leave for Khetri in ten days. On the ninth day he arrived to escort her thither, telling her to take an English nurse, her cook, and any otlier servants necessary to her comfort, not regarding the expense. ' As there were no Iinglish or Eurojjeans nearer than the railway station, seventy- two miles away, she felt justified in adding a native Christian teacher and a young lady friend as compan- ion. Thus the party was made up of seven persons besides the escort. Klaborate arrangements were made at the end of the railway journey for transporta- tion across the coinitry, which proved to be a very novel and enjoyable, tliougli very tiresome and slow, journey. P^irst, there was a camel chariot, drawn by four camels; two palanquins, carried by seventeen men each; two riding-horses; and, a few miles out^ two large elephants joined the caravan ; also, a very unique conveyance, called a mt/i, dra\vn by two beau-
Mkpic.m. Missions. 13a
tiful white oxen, for the two native women. Over one hundred men servants were also placed at her command. Hut ntilk-andsugar was frequently brought by the men for refreshment as they stopped to rest, changing from one conveyance to another. In due time Khetri was reached, and a tent was pro- vided to live in. After about two weeks' treatment, and the Rdni .showed signs of improvement, his high- ness proposed to the doctor to remain as physician to the women of the palace, and open a dispensary for the women and children of the city and surrounding country. This was very unexpected, and required much thought and prayer before a decision could be reached to leave the work in Uareilly, and the Society that had cared for her .so many years; but each day, as she became more aciiuaintcd witli the people, and saw the great opening for mission work — a field com- prising millions of people, with no missionary or re- ligious teacher in that part of the country — Vsx. Swain says she began to see the hand of the Lord in bring- ing her there ; an<I the more she prayed, the more she saw that the Lord was in it. Tiie Rdjpoots are very religions Hindoos, and would never call a' missionary, or allow one to preach in the street.s or bazaars; but Dr. Swain goes among the people in her quiet, unob- trusive way, doing good to tlieir bodie.s, and praying God to bless their souls. She immediately interested herself in the children, and obtained cheerful consent to open a school, his highne.ss using his influence to induce the peoi)le to send tlieir daughters, encouraging their .ittendance by giving them as much flour as they could obtain with a da^'s wages. The young lady companion was al.so engaged to teach the Rdni and
134 Woman's Forbign Missionaky Soc/srr.
some of her court women. Christian hymns in the Hindi language soon became very popular, and the singing women of the palace were found singing them to her highness every evening. The Rajah's little girl — an only child, then two and a half years old — learned parts of several hymns, and sang them very sweetly. The Rdni acknowledged their purity, and liktd them much better than their own vile songs. But not only was the Christian religion sung to every woman in the palace, but sometimes before his high- ness also.. Many prayers of the women at home have followed this |)ioneer phyijician, that she may be per- mitted to establish Chri.stianity in the midst of heathen royalty. After .serving the Society efficiently for fif- teen years, fehe has now been engaged for eleven years as physician in the palace of the Rajah of Khetri.
Dr. Mary F. Cliristiancy, of Washington. I). C, who was .sent to India in 18H4, and appointed to Cawnpore, was transferred in a few months tp Ha- reilly to succeed Dr. Swain. Statistics are a poor expression of the work accomplished or the labor performed ; but it is interesting to note that over 6,700 dispensary patients were treated her first year, including Hindoos, Mohammedans, Christians, and IJuropeans. In hospital ovj;r one hundred patients were treated. She had three' a.ssistants in the work. A class was formed in midwifery in 1887, and a reg- ular medical class was also resumed. During the year 1888 over 12,000 names were recorded in the dispensary books, and over 21,000 prescriptions given, notwithstanding the Government hospitals and dispensaries for women that had been established in the city, near and easy of access to crowds. More
Medic. M. Missions. 135
and more it became apparent that the mission of these Cliristian physicians was to the poor who needed them so mncli. Women came to the dispen- sary sometimes, saying, " I have been walking since long liefore dayliglit to come to you for medicine;"- or, " Having heard of you, I came twenty, thirty, forty, or fifty miles, to show yon my childand get some medicine for him. " What an inestimable boon an itinerant medical service would prove to such women ! A sentiment has (Obtained in some directions that non-Christian hospitals should be established for women, because the people are afraid of missionaries. To this Dr. Christiancy enters a protest, that after several years' acquaintance with the people in North India, in the z.eiianas, in villages, on the railway, or as patients in the hospital, and as habitual or occa- sional visitors to the dispensary, she never found OIK- afraid of the medical missionary because of her religion. Because of failing health. Dr. Christiancy returned hcime in 1890. The \ew York Branch fur- nished a missionary to hold tliis medica4 fort, in the person of Dr. Mary Bryan, wlio reached Bareilly in 1S91. an.l is still there, and has won a place for her- self in the hearts of the people. Too often the weak point in medical work has been in the custom of pTacing the doctors too far apart. The physician > wtMt often send away patients in need of surgical treatment, because she has no due to help her per- form the required operation. To meet such an exi- gency the Society .sent out Dr. Kate McGregor in 1893. She had graduated from the Woman's Medical College at Chicago, and afterward served six months as interne in Wesley Hospital, then took a post-
136 Woman's Fokk/gx Missionaky Soc/ety.
graduate course in the Chic.iKO Polyclinic. Dr. Bryan greatly rejoiced in a, division of lalmr with her new associate ; but for several in(>nths Dr. McGregor's work consisted in carinj; for two of the mi.ssionaries of the Society through a severe and well-nigh fatal illness with typhoid fever, doubtless saving the life of Miss Fannie Knglish through her careful nursing. Early in 1895 her own health demanded a change, and she was transferred to the hills, in Pauri ; but the missionaries soon faced the problem, that in or- der to save her life she must hasten home. Sorrow- fully and in much disappointment she acquiesced in their decision, and reached home in the early sum- mer. Dr. Bryan is strongly convicted of the great need of some one going out among the poor people in the villages round about, to the sick and helpless, especially to those who are Christians, and are driven to sacrifice to idols, saying : " What can we do with a sick child? We have no doctor, no medicine, no help." Miss Jennie M. Dart, M. D., who took her degree at the Chicago Woman's College, was accepted by the Society in 1894, and the following summer appointed to Bareilly to take the place made vacant by Dr. McGregor.
Among some of the results of woman's medical work, the following is taken from a remarkable pa- per read by Mrs. J. T. Gracey at the Women's Con- gress of Missions, held during the Columbian Expo- sition in Chicago, 1893:
" In the early history of the Methodist Mission in India, a little waif of a girl was picked up and taken to the Girls' Orphanage in Bareilly. The sup- port of the child was assumed by parties in New
Medical Missions. 137
York City. With proper care she doK'eloped phys- ically, and was put. in school, became a bright stu- dent, and, having finished the prescribed course, was selected as one to enter the Agra school as a medical student. She graduated at the head of her class, and was .so proficient that her ca.se was noticed by the India secular papers. She has been .selected to take cha/ge of the Wonvan's Department of a Government hospital, and has now been in charge two years, and the English surgeon, inspecting her work, acknowl- edged that her hospital was one of the best con- ducted in North India. Could the most sanguine have imagined that in twenty-five years there should be such a revolution in sentiment, that a native Christian woman should occupy such a position !"
Lt'CKNOW. — Dr. Nancie Monelle was the second physician sent out by the Society, and Lucknow was the second city in India occupied by a woman med- ical missionary, at leas't of the Methodist Church: She had graduated from the Woman's College in Poughkeep-sie, and in 1872 from the Woman's Medical College in New York, taking first prize in .surgery. After a year of hospital and private practice in New York, she was sent to India in 1873, and appointed to Lucknow. Her profession opened the way into houses which had never been entered by a Christian. At the end of the first year she accepted an invita- tion to Hyderabad, Deccan, having withdrawn from the Mission, aud refunded her passage and outfit nioney. She was the first lady doctor who ever went out alone into a native State. The ruler of the province furnished elephants, a regiment of sepoys,
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1 38 Woman 's Fojhi/i;n Missioy. i* )' Society.
and a hand of music to uscort her to tlic palaces of the various nohlcnien of the city. At the expiration of three years, having estahlislicd a dispensary and hospital, and treated over 40,(xk) patients, besides haviiiK an important private practice among the nawabs and nobles, slie married Rev. Dr. Henry
Man.sell, of the' Oencral Missionary Society, and returned with him to the Northwest . I'mvinces. In iSSo they re- moved to Moradabad, xvhere .she treated in two years over 21,- (XX) women. Duringachol- cra epidemic, which lasted about three weeks, thirty
MkS, NA.Ntll! MONI'.LI.K MANbi;LL, M, I>.
to one hundred dying daily. Dr. Mansell took charge of the dispensary with native assistants, and was so successful that the municipality sent her Rs. 200 ($100) for the purchase of medicine, thus, recogniz- ing the importance of the work done at the Amer- ican Zenana Di.spen.sary. The year 1890 will be memorable for the great agitation regarding baby
.!*'-
Medical Missions. 139
tnarriaKes. Such revelations of inhumanity had been brought to linht that Dr. Miiiisell drew up a petition, which was cheerfully sijjiied by fifty-five women physicians, and was presented to the Viceroy and Governor-General, pleading that the marriage- able n^e of girls be raised to fourteen years. The thirteen instances— only a fewout of many hundreds — given in the petition, of cruel wrongs, deaths, and niaimings for life received by helpless child-wives at tlu.' hands of brutal husbands, which had come un- der her personal observation or that of her associ- ates, were horrible almost beyond belief. While the Government was flooded with petitions and memo- rials from native Christians, Hindoo women, and missionaries, it is stated that nearly all the speakers in the Legislative Council referred to the facts pre- sented in this memorial, whicli had great influence in bringing about the change of raising the age to twelve years (not fourteen, as asked), "possibly the most important step taken in the domestic and social life of the people since the abolishment of suttee, in 1829."
MoRADAB.\D. — Mrs. E. W. Parker for twenty years prepared the way of a woman physician in the city of Moradabad by successful practice of her own. She had distributed medicines in the city, in the vil- lages, on the roadsides. She had visited the sick. She had spent days in personally attending those stricken with fever and cholera. Two native med- ical Hible women assisted her; Shullock, trained in the original class at Nynee Tal, and Jane Plummer, trained in Dr. Swiin's class at Bareilly. But Mrs.
1 40 IVOAfAN 'S FOKF.ICN MISSION AKY SOCIBTY.
RirkcT longed for a woman physicinii. At last, in January, it*?!), "ihi-' was able to welcome Dr. Julia L')re, tlic (laughter of luissioiiary parents, herself born in South America. She t<H)k her degree in the Michigan University, in if<73, and the«^spent a year in Boston at the New Lviigland Hfls^iwiK Dr. Lore, in addition to house and /enana practice, aimed at a dispensary. She succeeded in obtaining one. Ap- parently she expected the orderly array of mortars, glasses, and books, to produce an effect. Hut, after spending a morning or two waiting in vain for a pa- tient, she iiegan to reflect that such attractions were not potent with " tfte feminine mind of Moradabad." I'inally, on t[ie sevcntli day, appeared an old nurse with a boy and girl, and she joyf\illy made patients of the whole party. The first entry in her prescrip- tion book was castile soap, " which," she said, " was a most excellent remedy for many Indian ill.s." From that day there was a steady increase in her practice, both in the dispensary and in zenanas. Called suddenly to a woman of sixty, whom she found emaciated and dying with chronic dysentery, Dr. Lore had a hope of saving her life, seeing how complete had been the absence of anything like rational treat- ment. Hut the old woman would not risk her caste. Not one drop of licpiid from impure hands should pass her lips. A single pill did she accept, but never another. Three days after she had been burned on the river's brink. Dr. Lore and Mrs. Parker found her three daughters-in-law sitting on the floor, and they did not rise. For this they apologized, saying that custom required them, on the death of the mother of tUeir husbands, to pass six months of mourning, eat-
>^-u:&.^
MbdicaJ- AfisstoNS. 141
\n% only at niffht, sittiiiK on the floor from daylight to dark, nnd doing notliinK. The youngest was a girl with a "wee" lial>y in her oruift. Tliey had alt been ot the fnneral, had bathed in their dresses, and taken a lonn walk lionic. "and made themselves miserable." The eldest, under her breath, confessed that it was a bad custom.
In i«75. Dr. Lore was married to Rev. (V H. Mc- Grew, of the (leui-ral Society, but couliiined her prac- tice as usual. About this time a K''a'iti"-a'd from the Government was received for the dispensary, nnd a new dispensary was opened at Chandausi, thirty miles away. Kroni this time on the medical work seems to have had ratlur a checkered career, some- times a thoroughly ei|uil»ped woman from America in charne, but the interim ahva\s faithfully supplied by the iiativo Bible woman and medical a.ssistant, Jane I'lummer supplenieiitinK what Mrs. Gracey calls the " lay medical work " of Mrs. Parker. In 1H78, Miss H. H. Woolslon, M. I)., a graduate from Philadelphia, arrived, and entered at once upon her duties, attending nu)rning clinics i^nd recording in the dispensary books during the first eleven months 1 ,468 patients, 5,086 jircsCriptions, besides 30.1 pa- tients in their homes, and 600 prescriptions to out- patients. The following year Dr. Woolston retired from the work of the Society, and again Mrs. Parker superintended the work, with Jane I'lummer in the dispensary. Dr. Kate McDowell was ai)poiiUed here in 1886, and spent sonic weeks in Pooua, attending the Rdni* there, >lie who sent the message to the Queen of ICngland wiiich led to the inauguration of the Lady Dufierin movement for providing medical
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14a Woman's Foke/cn MtssioNARy Soc/nry.
aid for the women of India. Dr. McDowell was trans- ferred to Miittra in iMS<), and opi'nid a dispi-nsary, .which gave great promise of success, in the center of ^the city, directly under'the shadow of the great tem- ple. Her fears were groundless about difTiculty of access to the women ; for they scarcely gave lier time to get settled before crowding into her office and waiting-room, coming from all parts of the district. In 18H8 Dr. Martha A. Sheldon was appointed to Moradabad, and while sttulying the language looked after the sick in Mrii. Parker's boarding school of 150 girls, an<l Dr. Parker's .school for boys numbering IJ5, superintended a zenana district, and answered numerous calls. In i«9J she was transferred to Pithoragarh, and in 1.H93 assisted in opening new work among the Bhotiyas, at Darclnila.
About the year iHH« a building wa.s pureliased in Moradabad for a hospital, and the following* year nearly 7,000 i)atients received treatment in hospital and dispensary. Down to 1^94 tlie medical work was supported by the ^\'o^laI^^ Society. But the new conditions, owing to the DufTtrin movement, relea.sed the Society from the necessity that had existed, and Jane Plunimerwas free to engage exclu.sively in evan- gelistic work.
Cawnporh.— In October, 1893, '^r. Laura Hyde was sent out by the New York Branch, and com- menced work in the city of Cawnpore. In April she ^became ill with typhoitl fever; soon after went to the mountains, and never resumed work.
B.\KODA.— Dr. Irzilla ICrnsbcrger, a graduate of the Woman's College in Chicago, was appointed iu
''*"*flllp-
Mkdicai. Missions. 143
1888 to liarodn, the cnpital of the native wState of the Name n.iiiie, and 11 walli-<l city of ntioiit one liundred thousand inhabitants. The first year .vXoo patients were treati-d, and over ,iv> '■•alhi were made on pa- tients in I heir homes. Slic liail considc'ral)le difhcnlty in K*'''''"K Christian teachers that knew tlie laiiguaK*:: but wlicn she succeeded, the->\'onien hstened atten- tively, and related intellinently what tliey heard to the zenana women in tlic homes opeiieil lo them by the medical work. The second year she opened an- other dispensary, kecpinR the one in the city open four days in the week. an<l the one in camp .some hours each day 0\er fifty signers were c)l)taiiied for the petition to protect the child wife. The third year 6,800 patients received treatment.
The great siucess attending the " Lady Dufferin movement" has raised the (|iiesti<)ii of siistainiiiR medical niissions in India, ami we have asked I>r. Krnsberger to answer it, which she does in the fol- lowing :
"This form of mission work," referring to niedi- ical mi.ssioiis, "dues much to overcome caste preju- dice. In the dispensary at Ilaroda, except when one was dangerously ill, the iiatienls had lo wait their turn for uiediciiie, regardless of ca.ste. For several years some of the high-caste submitted to this very unwillingly ; but in time the different castes learned to have much more regard aii<l kindly feeling for each otl^r. The iiati\e Cliristi.iii Bible women, because thel are Christians, are, of course, out-ca.stes and de- spisai by the Hindoos. But through their work in the' (lispeti.sary and ac<|uaintance with the patients, nvmbers of Hindoo women, some of whom were very
144 tVl).V4/v'S FOKKIGN Af/ss/flfifAJiy Spcibty.
highcaste, became friendly, some even taking the Bible women by the hand in frien<l.ihip and affection, and bringing Hhem prewntii. The native ChriHtian women are welcomed in home^ where they cony not go except with the medical niisHionary. I, also, he- ing a person of no caste, ordinarily can not touch their food or drink, any more than an ont-caste, yet in HickneNH many times the relatives have asked me to mix (with water) the first dose of 'nie«licine, and give it to the patient myself. Uar>;e numbers who dare not or will not admit any one to their homes to teach the Hible, hear it carefully explained in the dis- pensary. Some have thought that the principal work of a medical mission is to open the way for other mis- sionaries ; but in the di.spensary there is much careful religious instruction given, as in our own work at Baroda, and patients had to wait one, two, and some- times even three hours, until their medicine was prepared, as there were generally from forty to sixty- five patients treated daily, and during the waiting no idle conversation was allowed, but the Bible woman alternately read and explained the Bible. People from great distances were reached where there were no missionaries. Tracts and Bible portions were given to the patients, and we learned of dilTerent ca.ses where a whole coniniui\ity heard the gospel from one Bible portion thus distributed.
"About fifty years ago, when some niis.sionaries went to Barrxia, they were not welcomed by .some of the officers of the native Government, and left the field. Among our patients were the native Queen and her si.ster, the daughter and daughter-in-law of the Prime Minister, the daughter of the Chief Justice,
"^Pf.-f R !«!Pf ^JPSP"??^^?^ i"vsrv7^ii^iii^s<rm:-'r s, -"^-ic^,"^-*^
Mkdicai. Mtssios's. 145
■nit othfM from fninilics of IiIkI) iifTuvrs. Wc have never lieiinl 11 wonl iVoiii any luithority lli.it we wcro not wcU'onic, but liavi' Imd 'far iiiori- work tlian wc could do. CoiisideriiiK tlic miiiilK'r of pi-rsoiis rccciv- iiiK larifiil Hit)lc iiistrui-tion. the I'xpciise of thi- work is small. Tlif iiuilical work amoii^; the native Clirin- tians is a hfticfit to tlieni rdiKiously ns wi-ll as phyn- ii-ally, as many of tlicni liavc more 01 kssof fatalistic ideas, and the medical work does much to overcome these. The confidence hetwecn the patient and the oliysician uives the meilical missionary a j;""'' '>1> |«)rtiinity ^) reach the soul, ami in Kcueral medical mission work is an excellent wa\ to ^aiii the cnnii deuce of the people.
" In regard to the I,iid\ DiilTeriii medical work, it is Hood as tar as it Koes , Imt it iloes not ^;o far enough to take the place of the medical missions. The A/iJ- iial A/issioiiiiry Record says in regard to it ; ' The Krcat pity is that «" f;"^/'''^ effort is allowed tn this movement. L'hrist alwa\s cared for both hcxly anul .soul." Hesides, there are multitudes of people in India not reached by this or any other medical work. In Ha roda even, which is in a native State, there are schools for both liiKli and low caste boys, and schools are in- creasing for K'r's, even schools for widows, supported by the native Government. These are without Cliris- tian teaching, and we feel that we should have* Chris- tian schools. In the siime way, because there is some medical help proviiled for the people of India, we can not afford to neglect the medical mission work, and so lose the o])p<)rtuiiity so full of promise of reaching them with the gospel. There are inan\ chil- dren not allowed to attend the Chri.stian school who
U)
Jf^^'W^Wi^f^W'- 'W^-
146 WihfAN's Foreign lifissioNMiy SociKTr. '
hear the Hihlc in the disiK-iisary. ChriHtian AchcMilit are increasing all the 'time in India, and they shonld increase more still; lint while we are increasiuK these \vc should also he improving the vast o|>j)i>rtunity for reaching the souls of the [K'ople with the gospel thnrngh medical missions.
"Clirist's connnand to his disciples wa.t thifi: ' Into whats«iever city yo enter, heal the sick that arc therein, and say unto them, The kingdom of (.)o<l is come ni^h unto you.' (I<nke x, H, 9.)"
After a peridid of well-earned rest in the home- land, Dr. ICrnsher^er sailed, August lo, iHy^, for India, under appointment to a new station, Sironcha, near Hastar, and Dr. liinnia Hodge sailed at the sftmc time for liarodu.
J5fT"^'Tf*"FsT W-T , ,-!)jI»-!jr-.^;. I'fJ,- ■■•■,■■"-> *-TV,.^
OlAPTbK IX.
MEDICAL MISSIONS-CHINA. JAPAN, AND KOREA.
">lf Ihe iiiiMsioniiriis ivir loiiu iiilii tin- Cliiiirsr lifiirt, *tlU' |>liyiiiciail» will iipt ii lljc ilour " I.i llr.Nc; CiianC.
"'T'IIJC Cliiiiisi.- have little ktiowlwlne uf nnntoiiiy, 1 i)liysi(»liij;y, or liyi^itiK-, and do iiiit jiracticf siir- Kfry ; l>llt foiii thousand years of cxjHTiiiKe liavf Riven thi'in sdihc just ideas conecrniiiK the uses of licrhs in medicine," writes Miss Fielde, of Swntow. Cliintse women, as well as the women of India, will suffer and die before tliey will call in the lielj) of a foreign male |)liysici,in; hence all the considerations that render the help of women physicians in India a necessity, apply with eipinl force in the ^''^''''t Chinese Empire. The safe estahlisliment of Hr. Swain's work in India was being watched in I'oochow, and Mrs. S I,. lialdwin, with the hope that such a work could he commenced in China, presented the matter to the missionaries the latter part of 1.S72, or early in 187.^, and they' authofized her to write home .isking the So- ciety to send them a medical lady, but ropiested that one of the honicop.iihic school be sent. This condi- tion caused .some delay, and in the meanwhile the mi.s- sionaries in Peking had also forwarded an application without such condition, and Dr. Lucinda Coombs, a graduate of the Woman's Medical College in Phila- delphia, was sent out, reaching; Pekinj; in September, 1873. Her work was to be exptrimeutal. No one
147
148 WoMAS 's I'oKnio .V Afis.sioN.tKy Socihir.
had pioneered the way before her. Just how the Chi- nese would feel toward 11 liidy pliyHicinii waH not known ; but surely the field was ripe for the hiirvest. To a thinking people like the Chinese, the daily per- forniaiHe of labors of love aniouK them by n lady physician must contribute to that which is so much desired, the spread of Christianity.
At »ince Dr. Coombs s;iw the imperative necessity for a hos|>ital to sei)arate the patients from their homes, and the Woman's Sociity mneronsly nnide appropriation for it, and in 1S75, two years after her arriv.'d, she opened the first hospital for women in China. The first patient received after the biiildiuK was done was a native Christian woman, who had fallen and injured her fool liadly. When she left, it was with gratitude from herself, her husband, and her son, and prayerijfor the blessing of (>od upon Dr. Coombs and the hospital. The jiractice of medicine among chil- dren in China is utterly hojKless unless one is able to keep the patient under hi.\ own eye. Dr. CoonJ)S tells an amusing case where she had prescribed a «lose of castor-oil. The next day the child and the oil were both brought by the father, who said she declined to drink it. To the evident surjirise of the man, the doctor .seized the child, and by the time she had ut- tered three screams, had compelled her to swallow the dose. Hut no parent would ever do such a thing. Had not the great Confucius taught, "fiovern a child when he is eight years old.'" One can easily imagine the (larent's influence who observed that teaching. After nearly five years of efficient i>ioneering in medical work, Dr. Coonibs was niarriid to Rev- A. Strittniater, of the General Missionary Society, and
'mr^f^im^^-'^i^
Mkvicm Missh>\s, ClIiN.i. ijg
rcniovol to Kill kjiiiii,! Tlini- iiinntlis iirtvioiis to her niitrriiiKt' "I'e wiis jdiiii^ l)y l>r. I.eoiiorii lliiward, who had Krodiiiittil in (he lIiiivtrKity of MicliiKnii in 1H76, aixl rcachiil IVkiiiK in Juiif, 1H77 She ininie- (lintely tifok cliiir^te of tlu- Imspitul. ami roiiiiiiciict'd at once her practice and the stiuly of tlie lanxnaKe. In the diwhurge of lier profo.sinnal dntus, M)nielim«* riding in a Kprin^lehN Cliinesc cnrt, nhe, at one time, niel with an accident through the careles«iness r)f the driver that llireatcned her with Idiiuhuss Afternionlhu of pain and daikness, when lier >iKlil was restored, she made known lier determination to have a liorse to ride. Her friend* protested, fearing hIic wonld meet insult and danner; but when lier home friends sent her the money the horse was bon^ht. At first the novel sinht was j;rtiti(l liy cliililnii in the street shont- ing, "See the foreign devil riilitiK n horse;" lint after a little, as they heKiin to recoKiii^e her, their cry was cliantjed to " There jjoes the ^ood angel ; she is K"'l'K to sii- till- sick " We may not (oilow her as she stood braveh at lier po^t, sniiie of the time sinnle-handed, dnrinK the awful famine months and the jiestilence that followed, with the de.td and dying lyiii}? on the streets just where they happened to fall. Kvents soon awaite<l her that wonld distingnish her above all <itlur won. ell physicians. In the fall of 1K7S medical work in IVkiiig \ as lemporaril\ siis|)eiided to meet a providential opening in another field.
TiKNTSlN.- -Lady Li, wife of the Viceroy, Li Hung •Chang, the leading statesman oi the Mnipire, was seri- ously ill ; the arts <if the native pli) sicians were cx- bau.sted in vain, and her life was despaired of. A
rfJ!S^]^-
150 H'OMAN 'S FoHKIllN MiXSIOSAKV SOCIKTV.
iniHitioiiury phytician of the I.oiulnu MisNioiiary 80-' ck'ty wKN ciillcil, mid siuTii'ilcd ill plnciiiK la-r iK-ymici iniiiit'diatt' dmiKi'r , liiit, tii-iiiK a iiiati, CIiiikhi' itucial idras tvoiild' ixit permit the iii'CVHMry trcatniciit to effect a complete cure. Some one KiiKKt^^t^-d the name of Dr. Howard at IVkiiiK Tlirou^h the nnuHiial of- feetion ot llijs ^reat >tiitesmnii lor his wile, and \>kx- hapN hiH lavoialile disptisiticm toward We-tterii science, ei|iially MraiiKe, a hiK-cial courier wa^t sent by the Viceroy to re(|uest her to come— a reiiiieist in which liotli tlic phy^iciaiiH, there and the I'nitcd State** Vic?- CoiiMil united. A Nteaiii l;miich wan Milt up the river to meet lier and hasten her journey. Slie came, expect- iiiK to remain but a lew dayii. Kntertainmeiit was provided for lier at the yamen, or official residence. Gradually the ailment of La<ly I,i yielded to her rcni- eilies. She was called to attend the families of other hij-li officials, and a slroiiK effort w:\s nrade for her removal to Tientsin. This was an opportunity such as had never (Kcurred before in China, rind if lost miKlit never occur a^ain. The constiisus of opinion anions the missionaries of the (ieiieral Society, as well as those of the Woman's Society, sireuKtheued her own ilecision, that this was surely the hand of Provi- dence, and she ou^ht to accept the call. The Viceroy had taken a heathen temple, built in memory of his pre- decessors, and placed it in charge of IJr. Mackenzie, of the Louiloii Missionary Society, for a hospital to be devoted to distinctively Christian work. In Rrati- tude for her restoration to health. Lady Li undertook to defray the expenses of a woman's ward in the tem- ple under the directior of Dr. Howard, for whom she bad couceived a strong personal attachment. Tientsin
Medical Missions, China. 151
is 'distant from Pekinjj about 80 miles by land, or 120 by water. It is the v;rcat emporium for the north of China, and serves'as the port for the Capital City. Dr. Howard took up 'her residence in the foreign settle- ment, about three miles from the temple, and opened a dispensary there also. She was called to visit the mother of Li Hung Chang, some distance away, in her last illness. She was an aged woman, past eighty years of age. Before dying, she gave the doctiir some beautiful presents of silk, and left $1,000 for her work, the..first beiiuest of a Chinese woman for Christian benevolence. A very earnest call was made for money to build a hospital and dispensary, besides a home for mis.sionaries, at Tientsin, which found a ready re- spon.se in the heart of a lady in Baltimore, who do- nated $5,000 for the purpo.se, with the understanding that the building should be known as the the " Isa- 1' bella Fisher ilospital." \
In 18H2, Dr. Ivstella Akers, a graduate of the Chi- cago Woman's College, was sent to the relief of Ur. Howard. She was diligent in the study of the lan- guage, assisted in the hospital, and made country trips with Miss Yates. On one of these she re- mained thirteen hours in the saddle. After the mar- riage of Dr. Howard, in 1884, to Dr. A. M. King, of the London Mission, Dr. Akers carried on the work in the " Isabella Fisher Hospital." In 1885 Dr. Akers became Mrs. Perkins, but rendered faithful service another year. The Woman's Society sent out Dr. Anna Gloss in September, 1885, she having taken her degree in the Chicago Woman's College the preceding April. She fully determined, on her ar- rival, to give herself entirely' to the study of the Ian-
Wi
i5i Woman's FoKEicN MissJONARV Society.
guage ; but, as wjth many another, broke her inten- tions, and saw patients daily. A brief record would read : 1886, " Excellent healtb, enjoy my work;" 1887, " Several instances of house-patients becoming Chris- tians;" 1888, "A pressing need for another doctor in Tientsin;" 1889, "Called to an inland city;" 1890, "Hospital patients, self-supporting, opened a third dispensary." Then Dr. Gloss returned home, and spent half of the three years' absence in professional study, going back in 1893 with increased qualifica- tions, and to Peking instead of Tientsin. Miss Anna E. Steere, a trained nurse, was sent to Peking in 1888. Among her many duties she counts it a mourn- ful pleasure to have cared for Dr. Leander Pilcher, president of Peking University, in his last illnes.s. In 1887 Dr. Gloss wrote: "The new hospital, built in the neighborhood of ours by Lady Li for Dr. Howard-King, is now completed, and will doubtless be opened this autumn. The last vestige of this lady's patronage departed when Mrs. King .sent for the pUro (sign-board) which had been presented by Lady Li at the opening of the ' Isabella Fisher Hos- pital.' Of course most of the official patronage goes with Mrs. King ; but there is plenty of work among the poorer clas.ses. Lady Li's interest has always been personal, and has never been transferred in the least degree to the mi.ssion, or to Mrs. King's suc- ces.sors. Her influence was doubtless of great impor- tance when the work was first started, but we have plenty of work to-day without it." y Dr. Ida Stevenson took her degree in the Woman's College in Chicago in April, 1890, and then spent some time in Wesley Hospital in that
Mbdicai. AftssroNs, China. 153
city, from wliitli she went under appointment to Tientsin to relieve "Dr. Gloss. The Phila(lel])hia Branch also added L)r. Rachel K. Benn the same year to strengthen the work, which reported a city clinic twice a w<;ek, a daily clinic at the hospital dispen- sary, the ward treatment, and an extensive out-prac- tice. The.se physicians go everywhere with love and sympathy, and administer to all clas.scs, among the homes of the poor and suffering, up through all grades to the Viceroy's yamen (official residence). At the dispensary all hear the story of .salvation, »the beggar from the street in all her filth, and the "lady" in her silks and jewels — all who come there. The ear- nest voice of the Bible woman, telling in the waiting- room the "good news," gives new strength to the weary physician many a time. When practicable, Drs. Stevenson and Benn make evangelistic tours through the di.striets, preaching the gospel and heal- ing the sick. Pitiful indeed is the group of sorry- looking women, with their babies in their arms, the dirty children, and the few men, who gather in the places of worship, in the homes of native Christians, and by the roadside under the trees. On account of her health, Dr. Stevenson was obliged to come home early in 1894. Mrs. Mary Barrow, M. D., widow of Rev. L. C. Barrow, late of Tientsin, was accepted by the Reference Committee at their semi-annual meet- ing in Cincinnati, in May; 1895, and took work in Tientsin Hospital. At the same session Miss Hu King Kng, M. D., was accepted, but not appointed.
TsuN Hr.v. — ^redical work was inaugurated in Tsun Hua in 1887, by Dr. EdnaG. Terry, of Boston.
154 H^OAfAy'S fORElUN MlSSIONAKY SOCIETY.
After a country trip with the presiding elder to a village thirteen miles away, she realized a goo<l deal of meaning in that prophecy of Isaiah, "Thou shalt not see a fierce people ; a people of deeper speech than thou canst perceive ; of a stammering tongue that thou canst not understand." Tsun Hua had but recently become a station on the doctor's arrival ; but in 1889 a hospital was opened. The greater number of cases requiring treatment were eye cases. Fre- quent trips were made in the country for the purpose of dispen.sing medicines. At one time a four days' journey into the mining region of Mongolia was made in answer to a call. Early in NTJy^tnber, 1891, a great panic was occasioned' by a local rebellion just outside the Great Wall, only a few miles from the city, when ihe magi.strate advised the missionaries to leave at once for Tientsin, furnishing i. conveyance , and an escort for the journey. The rebels were soon defeated, the mission property undi.iturbed ; but the shock occasioned by the imminent peril and precipi- tate flight, added to the strain of previous overwork,* told verj' seriously on the women, and Dr. Terr>' came home. After .spending a few months in "spe- cial " studies in the College of Ophthalmia in New York, .she was again at her post, the work having been cared for by Dr. Hopkins, of the Genera^Soci- ety. Great encouragement is found in the increased number of surgical operations, which shows the confi- dence of the people in the foreign doctor. In making her countrj' trips in 1 894, Dr. Terry spent six weeks \, in a Chinese cart, and traveled over 1,200 miles. .
Medical Mtssioss, China. 155
FoocHOW. — After repeated calls from the mission- » aries at Fo<k-1iow for a woman physician, in 1874 Dr. Sigourney Tra.sk received her appointment to this " mother mission " of Methodism in China. She had first graduated at the Pittsburg College, and then
at the Wom-
au's Medical I ^^ mm» ^^ -^M
College in New York City. The .same quiet cn- crgyandsi)irit *, of determina- tion to suc- ceed that char- acterized her in securing an education, was niauiffst hs soon as she reached her new field of labor. " Her success," says one. "soon miss sicoirsev tkask, m u.
gave her a
wide reputalion as a skilled physician, while her gentle manner, and unselfishness won for her the respect and love of her patients and their friends." In Januan.-, 1875, the mi.ssion a.sked for $5,000 to build T hospital and residence for the. physician in Fooci Dw, which was promptly appropriated by the General Ivxecutive Conunitiee the following May, the
156 Woman's FoKE/GJV AfissrONAKif Soc/ETK
larger part of the pledge being met by the proceeds of a bazar held by some of the New York and Brook- lyn Churches. The selection of a site, which is on the large island in the Min, near the foreign com- munity, embraced the period of one year; the erection of the building one year more. The inauguration services were held April 18, 1877. A ]>leas;uit assem- bly of friendS of diplomatic, mercantile, missionary, and professional circles, with some Chinese high offi- cials, graced the occasion Members of the medical fraternity present made addresses full of good cheer and encouragement. There was .singing by a choir of ladies, accompanied by Mrs. S. t,. Baldwin on the harmonium. Mrs. Ohlinger also .sang with sweetness and pathos, " If I were a Voice." Mr. De, Lano, United States Consul, did honor to the occasion and himself by presiding over the .service.s. The follow- ing day the first in-patient was regi.stered. She was a young married woman, who had not been able to walk erect for five years. A fall, in which one knee had sustained an injury, followed by inflammation, re- sulted in stifl"ness of the joint — anc/iylosis — in a posi- tion of fle.xion at nearly a right angle. By operation (resection) the limb was straightenecj. A good recov- ery ensued, and in three months the woman was able to return to her home, sixty miles from Foochow. Her limb became sound and u.seful. During her stay at the hospisal .she lent a favorable ear to Christian teaching, and professed her faith in idols di,s.sipated, her heart acknowledging the truth of the go.spel. Such, briefly, is the story of the fi^rst patient. At the close of the .second year the doctor reported the whole number of patients registered 1,208, and as the audi-
Af EPICAL Af/SS/ONS. LHWA. 15?.
ence in the waiting-room generally averages twice as many patients, it is presuniahle 2,4cx) persons listened to Bible truth. Mrs. S. L. HaljUvin from the first was her coadjutor, visitiijg the wards and taJkiuK with the patients of their relation to God and his Son Jesus piiri.st. During the .second ycaran efficient native Chris- tian teacher became resident in the hospital, anddcvoted her whole lime to the instruction of patients. There was succes-s and appreciation on every hand. The native authorities took a lively interest in the good work, which took on the practical turn of a gift of $200 from various high officials, in i.S/S, That same ye«r the Foochow Conference passed resolutions as- suring her of their hearty interest, and tendered her a rising vote of thank*. Dr. S. L. Baldwin bore wit- nciis to the usefulness of women physicians at the Shanghai Conference of missionaries in iH77,by .some commendatory remarks regarding Dr. Tra.sk's work iii_ F,oochow. As the work pressed on every side, she irrged the Society to send her relief. She needed rest, 'but would not leave until some one was ready to take her charge. After six years of faithful work she made a Ifttle visit to the United States in 1880 for a few months, and then returned to China. January 6, 1885, .she was married in Foochow to John Phelps Cowles, Jr.
The call for help was responded to in 1878 by sending Julia Sparr, M. D., to Foochow. She earned her degree at the Michigan University in 1877, when she spent six months in ho.spital at Philadelphia for further much-needed jiractice. On her arrival in China she assi.sted Dr. Trask in the hospital ; but in February, i88o. opened a street dispensary at' the
158 Woman's Foreign Missionary Society.
chapel, outside the city. The location proved unfa- vorable, and she moved to East Street, ,ind opened a branch dispensary there for women and children, on November 7, 1881. Here the attendance was so large Dr. Sparr gave it three days in the week. Daily clinics during the mornings were held, one of which belonged to one of the native medical students ! A Chinese girl conducting clinical lectures! In 1876, Dr. Trasl* re- ceived under her instruction the first girl medical stu- dents in Foochow, the first in China. Seven years later they were in charge of the inorning and even- ing services in the wards, and read and explained the gospel to the patients.
One of these girls was Hii King Eng, whom Dr. Trdfek desired to come to America, stay ten years, if nece.ssary, that .she might return qualified to lift the womanhood of China to a higher plane, and to prac- tice medicine among her people. This was brought about through private beneficence, three elect women a.ssuming her .support. She arrived in Philadelphia in May, 1884, not able to speak a word of English. It was decided to send her to the Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio, and, as Mrs. Nathan Sites was about to go there with her eldest children, Hii King Eng .spent her first summer with these Chinese missionary friends. She learned English rapidly, and her child- like faith in God's help and presence won for her many friends among the girls and in the faculty. After four years she entered the Woman's Medical College in Philadelphia. On the 24th of January, 1891, she, with Miss Rutb Sites, was welcomed home in Foochow. Miss Hii's father, Rev. Hii Youg Mi, was fast passing away with lung trouble, and it was such a blessed
Medical M/ss/ons, Chisa.
159
♦a
thing for her to see her father once more and consult with him about her future work. Had she not learned to trust ■ G<xl fully, according to her own statement, she never could have left her sick father to come bifck to fin- ish her mcd ical course She arrived the second time in Phil- adelphia in September, 1892, and graduated with honor with a large class in May, 1894. In the fall she en- tered upon a very expen- sive course of post-grad- uate study: but was for- tunate in be- ing chosen as
surgeon's
assistant in the Philadelphia Polyclinic, which afforded her the privilege of a)^tcndinR all the lectures cud clinics.
Dr. S. L. Baldwin baptized King Eng in her in- fancy. She is the third generation of Christians in
Hu Kin<'. Kso.
■ TWWS
160 IV0.VAN'S FOKEIGN MISSION AKY SOCIETY.
* the Hii family. Mrs. Haldwin, in the Heathen Woman's Fiiend for March, 1894, iiuUilges in some interesting reminiscences. It seems that the Chinese do nor change their surnames, hut the given name may change with circumstances, and it is, very common in baptizing men and boys to give them a new name. Frequently it becomes necessary to har- monize with the .new man in Christ Jesus. Mrs. Baldwin says: "UVhen the first women were bap- tized, there was the same difficulty, and the question arose. Shall women have Cliristian names? I regret to hrtvc to record that some of the brethren thought this wholly unnecessary. Then aro.se our mother Hii, that energetic, intelligent, fearless grandmother of our dear, gentle King Kng, and, without any preliminary remarks, informed the brethren that, ' ()f course the women would have Christian names !' And then, un- consciously, she Was inspired to utter a gi-eat, deep, far-reaching truth of infinite joy to all women, ' \Voinan in Christ lias a name;' and added, emphat- ically, ' If you brethren can not find names for these sisters I can ! And she did. Let it be recorded that the mother of the rare Hii family, whose three re- markable sons, Hii Po Mi, Hii Vong Mi, of saintly memory, and father of o\ir King Kng (l)oth of them the first native presiding elders in China, as was the elder brother the first itinerant preacher). Hii Sing Mi, all of whom have given twenty-five to thirty-five years of service in o\ir ministry, and grandmother of still another minister. King Ivng's brother- be it re- corded that she gave Christian names to the^first women of Chinese Methodism. The brethren never
'ji!^'^!?^fijf^i^^m^^!^v^y<^''i;^:!i^'i^ "
Medic Ai. Af/ssw/vs, China. i6i
had any trouble finding names for our Christian women after that example."
After five years of efficient serv'ice, Dr. Sparr re- turned hpnic in iH83,for a year's rest, to go l):K'k again to Foochow as the wife of Mr. Augustus Coffin, a tea merchant. She has now taken up her residence in this country.
Dr. Kathie A. Corey, a graduate of the Michigan University, arrived in Foochow April i, 1884, and al- most immediately assumed the burden of the work, as Dr. Trask was caring for Bishop Wiley through his last illness. The duties of hospital, dispen.sary, and nursing, all devolved on Dr. Corey, until she was well-nigh broken down under the burden. She felt th^ she could notf and dare not, contract the work, but mu.st see all that came, whatever tlie*ost. Dr. Susan M. Pray, of New York, was sent out to her re- lief, arriving in September, 1886; but returned, be- cause of severe illness, the following September. There was a continual plea for re-enforcements. Dr. Corey was willing to spend and be spent in thecau.se, but could not think it neces,sary to spend all at once. The printed report of the medical work for 1887 was submitted to high medical authority; in this country, and received unsthited praise. A "leading medical journal said: " The course of in.struction as mapped out therein (for medical students) is a thorough and more advanced course than that offered by many medical schools in our own country." In connection with the report. Dr. Corey gave a cla.ssification of the diseases treated and the surgical operations she had performed after assuming charge of the work. The
iMM
i6i WoitfAJV's Foreign MixsiONASY SociBTy.
list embraced all tlie diseases usually met with in practice. Among the surgical operations were cat- aract, amputation of the breast, laceration of the cor- nea, cleft palate, etc. " The report was a strong ar- gument in support of woman's fitness for the medical mission field." The opening of the year 1888 found Dr. Corey alone, overworked and ill, unable longer to bear the burden. Dr. Mary K. Carlton was on her way to Nanking, and Bishop Warren, who was pre- siding at the Annual Conference, summoned her by telegram to the rescue. But it was too late to re- lieve Dr., Corey. She iViu.st come home. The pressure of work and responsibility was simply enormous, which was then transferred to Dr. Carlton. The hos- pital had iK-en enlarged, so as to contain wards for sixty or seventy patients. There was tlie dispen.sary at lia.st Street, a new one at South Street, in connec- • tion with the new Woolston Memorial Hospital within the walled city. Miss Klla Johnson, a thoroughly- trained nur.se, .sailed September 8, 1888, from Phila- delphia, to give valuable aid in this department, and also in evangeli.stic work, so that the report the fol- lowing year speaks of spiritual reception of truth re- sulting in miraculous cures, even of thosjg under the power of demoniacal possession, and ancestral tablets and other trophies of victory pas.sed to her hand from those whom the .Son had made free indeed. Miss Johnson was married in 1892. Dr. Ella Lyon, a gra<luate of the Chicago Woman's College, re- enforced the work in 1S90, a memorable year, when a class of students completed their five years' course jof study. Four girls entered the class under Dr. Corey; after two^'ears they came under Dr. Carl-
Medical Afjssroxs, Citina. 163
■ f ton's instruction. The course was graded, consisting of anatomy, physiology, hygiene, obstetrics, diseases of women, materia medica, theory and practice, dis- eases of eye and skin, and surgery. With tliis they had four years' practice in tiie wards, drnR-rooni, dis- pensaiy, and in practical obstetrical and gynetoiog- ical work. They passed most creditable examinations, and were granted diplomas. About two months be- fore Coniniencement-day one of the cla.ss died, leav- ing three to graduate.
Dr. Luella .Ma.sters, of Indiana, a graduate from Syracuse University, reached Foochow late in Sep- tember, iSga. The year previous Dr. Lyon carried the medical work single-haiuied and alone. She became ill; then all the work fell on Dr. Ma.sters, beside caring for her. It .seems impossible to add strength to the medical force at work iu Foochow. Soon after Dr. Carlton's return from her vacation, Dr. Li'pn left, January 29, 1894, for Central China and Japan. She extended her trip to Vladivostock, Ru.ssia, cherishing .strong hope of permanent benefit, .since it had helped so many before her. The year 1895 found three physicians on tlie field at once. They have charge of two hospitals and .seven dispensaries in Foochow and vicinity. They also visit three schools and the orphanage for clinics once a, week, make out-visits and country trips, and teach two classes of medical students. The prt'scriptions filled were, 15,094; patients seen in dispensaries, 10.736; patients seen in homes, 2,953; patients in hospital wards, 279.
HiNG Hw.\. — Julia M. Donahue, M. D., was sent out by the Cincinnati Branch in 1894, to open med-
^f^Wff^f'P^^''''^^^
164 Woman's Fokeign AfrsstONARV Soc/t n:
ical work in Hing Hwn. She bas evinced wonderful energy and perseverance, having educated herself, first, by a course in Delaw.ire, Oliio, and afterward in the Woman's Medical College in Chicago. She then served as inlrrue in the hospital for women and chil- dren in Chicago.
Kiu-KIANO. — Nfcdicjl work among womerf was coninienced in Kin-kiaiig when Dr. I.etitia Mason reached there the last nuinth of 1X74, having received her diploma from the Woman's Medical College in Chicago in February. She was full of life and strength, buoyant and enthusiastic, and on reaching her destination entered joyfully ii|M)11 her work. Her first professional visit was to an only child of a well- to-do Chilianiau, with Miss Howe as interpreter. They were borne in sedan chairs, on the shoulders of coolies, througli dirty streets, .so narrow that a man with arms extended coubl reach each side. When they arrived at the house, they passed througli rooms eight by ten feet in size, floorless, windbwless, and stoveless, until the sick-room was reached, and were astonished to find a window in it with two panes of gla.ss! The baby was in a cradle, and the mother and grandmother and all the friends were near at hand, manifesting great anxiety, for this was a boy. A dis- pensary was oiiened, and two hundred patients re- ceived treatment in ten months. Skin di.seases and >ore eyes predominated, tho\igh she was often re- i|iiired, in the girl's school, to treat the poor, little, ulcerated feet suffering so cruelly from the cu.stom T)f binding. In the midst of hct, Usefulness the fever sei'.ed her, and she was oldiged to return, reaching
-.l:s
AfBIUCM. M/SSIONS, Cin.\.\. ifis
home in AhkusI, 187(1. Three years later, Ur. Kaic C. Uushnell was appointed to this work. Slie was thoroughly prepared, with two years' study o( nervous diseases in the olTice of a prominent physi- cian in Chicaj,'o, a degree froin the Woman's College, superintendency of a hospital for women and chil- dren, and three months in the "Eye and Ear Infirm- ary." She is the same who, in 1H93, accompanied Mrs. Andrew to India under the auspices of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance I'liion, and unveiled the secret liaunts of vice in connection with the British Army. With no hospital accommodations. Dr. Hnshnell cared for fifteen to twenty patients often in the Mission Home at a time. Women would bring their quilts, and sleep on the veranda while recovering from a .surgical operation. One woman, almost gone with consumption, came fifteen miles in a wheelbar- row to see if she could cure her. Through anxiety and overwork, the Doctor became ill with nervous prostration, and in 1881, Dr. Ella Gilchrist, a former classmate and associate in the hospital, was .sent to her relief. From the first day her heajt and hands were over-full of care and toil. One of the mission- aries was sick, the Chinese were sick and dying, on every side, and necessity threw every heavy burden on her willing shoulders. From September, 1881, to the ■ latter part of April, 1H82, she gave out over three thousand prescriptions, entertained over one hundred patients in empty rooms of the mission houses, made many visits to out-patients, studied several hours daily on the Chinese language, and spent the evenings read- ing jjjedicine. By fall her chronic bronchitis ap- peared, Jlid it soon became apparent she nmst leave
i66 Woman's Foksign AfissioNAKV Soc/sry.
her Chinese. Sue and Dr. Bushnell reached San Francisco May 30, 1882. The ni^ht liefore they started, the Chinese girls and servants crept into the room, one by one, and seated them.seives on the floor about her chair. They took down her hair and rtithed her fevered brow ; silently the tears flowed down their cheeks, and carefully they drew her hand out over the arm of the chair and covered it with kisses. Only one of them was uncontrollable. Poor Tsay Vin would come in for a few moments, and then rush from the room with sobs that were heard in every part of the house. The two friends stopped in Colorado, and the tendert-st care and loving devo- tion of Dr. Hushnell detained her two years. April 2^. 1.884, marked her Litest breathings of the earth- life, and the dawn of the heavenly.
The medical work in Kiu-kiang has never been resumed, but in 1892 Miss Gertrude Howe brought to this country two young girls whom she had educated in her mis.sion sclwol there. They were Mary She (Stone), "the daughter of a Bible woman, and the first girl in all Caitra' and Western China brought up by her own ™(rents witli unbound feet; the other girl is UUi Katin or Con (the same name as Confu- cius, the philosopher Con), whom Miss Howe had adopted when .she was but two months old. They are both Christian girls, who.se example is worthy of imitation. vSo thorough had been their preparation that lliey entered after an exaniinaliou of two days, without conditions, the medical classes in the Uni- versity of Michigan, and their record for three years, up to date, has been unexceptional.
A'
Meuicai. Missions, China. 167
Chin-Kiang. — 111 January, 1884, Dr. Lucy Hoag; was sent to Chiii-Kiaiig, nii importattt center and key to the province, to open medical work. Mi.s.s Hoag first went to China as a missionary in 1873, and after seven years returned and took a medical course, all unaided by any one, in the Michigan Uni- versity, graduating in 18H3. With her knowledge of the Chine.se and their language, she found ready ac- cess everywhere in the use of the healing art, and in
\pne month gave medicine to eight hundred and fifty patients. The new year of 1887 found her rejoicing in a neat little hospital and dispensary on the beauti- ful hill, in the same compound with the Home and school, in favor with Government officials, and in the ^ number and receptivity of the patients. The riot of 1889 brought no injury to the property. Eighteen hundred and ninety was a year of pestilence. Many foreigners Were attacked with smallpox, the "heavenly flower disease," which also entered the school, and took .some from the Home. This year the doctor took a vacation, not leaving the country, the first since she went to China. Twenty-thrte years have been spent by her in preparation and in WQrk in China. Again riots made some confusion in the work ; but the mis- sionaries suffered no inconvenience, and were able to furnish an asylum to those less fortunate, feeling that " they were safe so long as gunboats were anchored at the wharf, and the ^officials were able to control the people." In 1894 the ho.spital was enlarged, with " ample room to accommodate all the Chinese women and children who are likely to come for treatment." That year she recorded 3,799 dispen.sary visits; 79 .
^ patients in hospital; 79 visits to out-patients, and 11
■-cXi:
l68 ll''0.tf. I.V 'S FOKEIGN MlSSIONAKY Soc/ETy.
casts of poisoiiinjj. Diiilv ruliRioiis instruction is given, iiiul, when able, the hospital patients ntteiul morning; prayers and all tlic services of the Church. In the SpriuK of i>*»>5 Hr. Hoag came home for a much-needed rest, intending to return in a few months, but found it necessary to change h«r plans. Dr. Hoag's' Katie, a devoted, con.secrated Chinese girl — "Little Dr. Hoag," as the nativcscall her— successfully carried on the hospital work during her ab.scnce, until a foreign doctor came. She and her as.sistant, Urjen, prayed to the Great Physician to .send them the people they could help, and to guide them rn dispensing medicines. Miss Gertrude Taft, M. D.^as appointed to Chiii-Kiang in the .•nimnier of 1895.
Chungking. — Miss Sadie E. Kissack, a trained nurse, graduate from Harper Hospital training-.school for nurses, located in Detroit, was appointed in 1894, to Chungking, in West China.
JAPAN.
Hakodati. — The need of mi.ssionary phy.sicians is not now as urgent in Japan as in other nou-Chri.s- tian lands. An M. I), qualified to make a diagnosis and write a prescription can be found in every large city of the Ivmpire. It is also a fact that the Imperial University and Normal Schools send out highly-edu- cated men and women. Several women have .studied medicine in America, some to return as Christian healers. In 1883 the Society sent their first and only medical missionary to Japan — Dr. Florence Nightin- gale Hamisfar, of Kan.sas— her appointment being Hakodati. In 1886, her last year, she taught a class
Medicai. Missioss, Korea. 1^19
ill the Inipcrint Nuniial School one hour each day, for which she receive<l lS4<>5, which she placed to the credit of the Kranch supporting her.
KORKA.
Medical science in Korea is extremely crude, if, indeed, it can be called a science. The native physi- cian knows absolutely nothing about anatomy, physi- ology, therapeutics. They havq a materia nicdha, such as it is, and they know the results of certain drugs, but this is mingled with superstition and ignorance. Of surgery they have no knowledge, and a Korean surgical ca.se will contain nothing but a few sharp lancets or needles, and dull irons for puncturing and cauterizing. They sometimes dig needles into an eye to open up lost sight; or, in case of epilepsy, they take tlu: person by the heels and beat their heads against some hard substance to restore them. In cases of cholera, they make sacrifices tovstop the plague, offering pigs, rice, and other food as a burnt offering. The sick with contagious diseases are driven from home into the tents, or even have no shelter, and are deserted by friends and become sub- jects of charity. It is considered very unfortunate for a home to have any one die in it. In going outside any of the gates of the capital city, hundreds of these deserted persons may be seen. All clas.ses accept medical treatment gladly, and are very grateful. It has plowed up prejudice, and reaps unstinted praise.
Seoul. — The first woman physician to Korea was Dr. Metta Howard, sent out by the Society in 1887. She was a graduate of the Woman's College
I70 Woman's Fokkicn AfissioNAnv SocrsTy.
in Chicago. During the first ten months she treated 1,137 dispensary cases. The following year, on ac- count of the riotous condition of affairs, and the em- bargo against direct retigipus work, all missionary op- erations were suspended save the medical. In 1889 the first ho.spital for women was opened. When the king heard of it he .showed his approval by sending a name, Po Goo Nijo Goan, or home for many sick women. It was framed and painted in royal colors, all. ready to be hung over the great gate. Dr. Howard met with favor among the people, visiting profession- ally in the houses of officials and men of rajkk. In less than two years she treated three thousand patients. Early in 1890 she was obliged, on account of serious illness, to return home. Dr. Ro.setta Sher- wood sailed September 4, 1S90, for Seoul. She reached her destination in due time, and energetically i^et herself to work. As yet there was ni trained Korean helper to assist in the drug work or in nurs- ing, and everything devolved on the doctor — the preparation of mixtures, ointments, and powders, taking of temperatures and pulses, the giving of food and medicine, dressing of ulcers and abscesses, and the many other things incident to the dispensary and hospital work. Th^ first year, which was the fourth in the work, she treated 2,476 cases among the high- est and the lowest class women; 277Avere surgical cases ; 77 were patients in their homes, and 35 were in hospital wards. Over 6,000 prescriptions were compounded. She then opened new work at the great East Gate. In 1891, Mi.ss Ella A. Lewis, a trained nurse, was added to the working force, and that same year Dr. Sherwood married Rev. W. J. Hall, M. D.,
f • ■ ■■ .'■?■/:
K I > K i: A N 1 1 OHPIT At , SKOU t.
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T^/W^W/^^Wnr
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MKDICM. AflSSlONS, tCOKKA. l^
of the General St>ciety. TIioukIi the Woman's So- ciety coiiUI iii.ikt no further diiim upon her services, for the love of the Master and his sufferinR ones she continued in charge "f the work until the arrival, Marcli ,v>. i»9i of Dr. Mary Cutler, who immediately entered U|)i>ii her divine mission of healing the sick, and April i.-ih wrote she had made 825 professional visits. treatiiiK 156 cases since her arrival. It was found cpiite impossible to sustain the work at the Ivasi C/.ite, and the dispensary had to he closed during alniii^t llie iiitin- year of 1843, while Dr. Cutler and Miss Lewis continued to bear heavy burdens at the Tjong LonK Hospital.
The Society has sent out thirty-nine diplomated physicians and four trained nurses. Of this number two have died, five retired, and eleven have married. It has seven hospitals and nine additional dispensa- ries, with a valuation of over ;J4i.ooo. They are in char>{c of .seventeen physicians. For the year 1895 the sum of $Jo.oo(3 was appropriated to carry on medical work. Over fifty thousand women in 1894 received help from Metlioilist women physicians that otherwi.se would have had none.
J0.SIK M. CoiM-. M. I).— This sketch of medical work would be incomplete without making mention of Josie M. Copp. M. I)., who mule all possil)le preparation to become a medical missionary, fjradualing from Mich- igan University in 1873. She expected to go to India, and wouUl liavc been such an illustration of Christian love, culture, and wisdom in a heathen land ; but God knew best, and we must believe there is no waste in
•,a,^ ■
174 Woman's Fokkign AfissrosAitr Socikty.
hid plan. Saturday cveiiin){, Kcbnmry 7, 1H74, nhe went instead to licavvii, to Ik- with her Henvoiily Father, who alone knew her true value an<l how she ardently longed to render Christ her hi)(liest service.
Miss Ai.ick Jackson —At the General I<;xeeu- tive Committee held in Chica){<>, May, 1S79, Miss Jackson, of Ohio, was accepted as a medical candi- date. She .seemed endowed with peculiar Kilts, and had decided convictions in re>{ard to her " call " Her services were needed in the South .Vnierican field, liarly in the fall of 1879, as she was euterinjj on her second course of lectures in the Philadelphia Medical Colleife, she sickened and die<l with typhoid fever, leaving a beautiful testimony for her Savior.
Sl'MM.^RY.
The Woman's Foreign .Missionary Society of the « Methodist Episcopal Church enjoys the following signal honors :
It sent out
Tlie first woman physiciiiii tn Iinlia, in iS6<^, r)r, Clarn \.
Swaiii. Tlic first woman physician to China, in jS;), Dr. Luoimla
Coombs. The first woman phvsioian to Japin. in iHS(, Ilr. I'' N.
Hamisfar. Thi' first woman physician to Korea, in 1SS7, Dr. Mctta
Howard.
It opened ,
The first hospital for women in ln<Iia. January t, 1.S71, in
Hareilly. The first hospital fi>r women in Chini. Ololier 15, 1S75, in
Peking The first hospital for women in Korea, in |.S«9, in Seoul.
JUitDicAi. Missioss. 173
MBDICAL KDUCATIONAl, Pl'ND. «■ The Northwestern Branch, in 1H71, Heriounly con-
(iidered the matter of cdiic.-ititiK yoiniR women in med- • iciue for the fureign field, and appointed a Committee -wf twelve, of which Mrn. A. J. Hrown, of I^vansiton, was Chairman, to help raise a special fund liy private solicitatiiin for this piirposi'. Aid was also to Ijc fur- nished tlirouKh collections at cimp-tneetiiiKs on Miv sionaryday, the contents of niitc-i)oxes, and from the sale of photo^raplis. In 1881 the revenue from mite- l)oxes was cut off. In 188,?, Mrs. I). C. .Scofield, of lilRin, Illinois, died, IcaviuR in her bequests J.V'x'O for this fund, and with the money two perpetual schol- arships were secured in the Woman's College in Chi- cago. Preceding i88,v aid was given five candidates, who graduated in the University of Michigan. The sixth candidate then removed to Chicago, and finished there, that institution remitting one half the lecture fees. Mrs. Hrown w.is succeeded, in 1H81, by Mrs. I. \. Danforth, who remained Chairman i^f the Com- mittee until her death, in August, 1895. If studetits failed to go to the foreign field, and underi,"lhi Woman's .Society, they were expected to refund the money; l)iit not until |88? were they required under any circumstances to consider the help received as a loan, to be refunded as soon as- practicable after enter- ing the service. Nineteen young women hijve been aided in part or entirely by the Medical Committee, whose total number of >Vars in the work is thus far thirty-two. Over $12,000 have been expended, includ- ing a little over |>.s,(x>o, down to 18H4, when the money became a loan fund. Something over $1,200 has
if^7fw:^^'''jf^TW^vriw .'^■^w
176 IVoMAN's FoKKias AfissroNAur Soc/grr.
0 t)een refnmlcd. DiiriiiK the yp.-ir i«i)j Ihi- Harvnrd l>c(|ue<«t l)r<>iiKlit in fi.sixi. which \vn^ auK>»i'ntc(i $.V» i" '**').V r'""- '• N. Danfcirlli plncecl, in 189s, a fi,ocKy HchohirHhip in memory itf his wife. The liaikes of the candidales aided are : Ji)Hc|))iitie Copp, Julia Sparr, I^eonora Hc^ward, Kate liii.shnell, Her- tha Miller, Catherine Corey, ICstelln I.onR, Anna Gloss, Meltn Howard, ICIlen I.yon, Lulu Rosser, Margaret (Ircen, Addie Hunnell, I<ney (taynor, Kate McGrennr, Jennie Dart, Snsan Lawrence, Margaret Lewis, and Ida Kahn, the last named a Chinese girl. Miss Copp received about ^2^. She died soon after Kriidnatioii. Iteiiha Miller and Lulu Rosser were dismissed after one year. Over $1,2011 were ex- |>ended on Ivstella LoiiK. '»f whicli she refunded $^5. She' was tiever sent out. Margaret Cireeu received $2^S' refunded $,\(\ married a missionary, and went to Mexico. Addie Hunnell, for family reasons, had to defer goinj; abroad, and has refunded nearly all the money received. Lucy (laynor was taken by the Friends' Society, who paid b.ick all the ex|>cnses. The .second and third candidates 'married, lour came home sick, two retired. Anna Oloss and Ivlla Lyon are in China; Jennie D.irt was sent to India in iHgs; the la.st three named are still in this c()UUtr>\ two of them not yet through school. Of the six who are not now in the service, their years ranged from less than two to seven years, a total of twenty-four years, or an average of four years. *
^
PIONIll'^ INXl>^i'iN VMUJk ll„. I .iM Mki« Mahik llRdWN Davis. ^^^^{a^^akv tj Tohikh l^AMhWHLL.
Mkb. Dura Sc'lluuNMAKK^tMti-KH' Mm M. p. SCIIAN'TON. Mui LlNNA A. S<.IIENCK.
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j^'T^TtWT"
;• . • 4 ■ !■• •
Chapthr X.
INDIA.
Criiiiiiicinril HI iH^h - VVoiiiiiii'ii work ooiiinienircl in 1HA9— Niirtli Iiiiliii I'liiifiriiiir <>r)(Uiii/ri| in iNij ; Soutli Imlia in |H7<) , lli'iiKiil lliiriiw in iS«6, Itoniliuy in iHvJ , North- »ttl in lH<n; Miiliiynlii ill 1H9V
INI)IA was till.' first field (K-cupii-d liy tlio Woman's Socii'ty. So iiiarvoloiis has lici-ii tlii; di-vi'lopmciit, so rapid the k")"'*'' <>f lli«^ work, that at present its representatives are to l)e fomul in nearly all the lar^e cities of that vast louiitry, from north to sonlh, and extending; as far east as Huriiia. Schools and Bible women are supporte<l in sixty-five stations in the North India Conference, seven in South India Con- ference, ei^ht ill Komlmy Conference, twenty-two in Nortluvest Conference, eight in Helical Burma, anif two in the Malaysia Conferences— in all 112 stations. I'revions to the arrival of the first representatives of the Society, much preparatory work had been done by the wives of the missionaries of the General Soci- el\ . We n^oup llic names of those antedating 1869: .Mrs. Butler, Kiiowles, Parker, Waugli, Judd, Brown, Thomas, Johnson, Scott, Ho.skins, Gracey, Humphrey, and Messmore.
Li'CKNOw.— April iH, 1870, Miss Thoburn began the work of the Society by opening its first school in Lucknow. It was to be a school for Christian girls, and was begun in a little room in the bazar. A few
'79
•i!^^:nr^''<^vf^^w^}i''!i "^m-" 'ffw^mw^fw
m^ Woman 's Fohkihn Mission aky SoiiKrr.
wetkH later Itttur iin«imttv)'l'(ti''n« were Hecurcil in a ViKiint roDiii 111 Dr WniiKli'ii hiniKalow, and from thtrc Ilia rttitid house, wliuli wm" lill ii ynii' liilir to tnkc jMiHHiwsion o( the lirnl purihuse; of tlu- SK-icty, a place lallcd tluii. anil cvir siiiif, I.ul II.ikIi. which nwaa* ' lose k:ihUii." As MfH. Iv J KiiowU-> »iiiK»;
" T i« Out Minklrr'n k«"I<'» "f '""I'tv now, *
All iitcli.inl "f pliMniiiil friiitn. Ao III' VMilkn ill llii i-liiiilr lit tlir iiiiil (if tlir iliiy, Willi voiii- j)f ,i|i|irinal wi- liiiit liiiii ««y, ' llltHMil in ilir Willi trmii» iIh'm- liiiiiiiiii |iliiiitii for me. '"
Till- property loiisists of niiie acres of ground, with the llotiie— a lar^e h-iiist', built Ity a rich Mo- haiiiiiKil.m >e\eral Ncars hefoie —a school, ilortnitories, several sin.ill liniises for the servants, and liuuseH for tile HiUUi women, in one of which has lived for years Caroline Uieliards, " Mama Caroline," as- she is known. Miss Thiilinrn's deseriptioii of the flora is so grapliic we nive-it entire : " .Ml aliout the compound are trees and sliriilis, ' sdiiie of which are always hloominK, When the Imt winds of .April are scorchinR the an- nuals in the tlowerheds the amaltas trees, which the luinlish c:ill the Indian laburnum, hang out their larjje, golden pend.ints, making a Rlory about us briniiter than the inorniut,' sunliKht, while deeper than the in hhi heats bla/e the red pome(i;ranate- Howers all thron)?h May and June. The rains bring out the dainty tassels on the babool -trees, and lower down the oleanders, which scarcely find breathing- room amid the odors of tuberoses and jessamine. In Qetober .-nd November the pride of India, a tall tree of delicate foliage, puts forth branches of wax-like
.'Ai,
IXOIA,
iDi
white flowers. All throiiKli llif I'oUl ncawm i'i>nvi>l- villUM, ItcKOnia, 1111(1 other itit|kth an- hliMniiiimi-vcry- wherv, clinKiii^ to the portico, up otil trt'cx, over gateways niul trelliit-wurk. A poMiion nuwcr covers
MlltM lAAUKLLA TIIOBI-RN.
one whole side of the portico. February is the muiith of rosis, tlumuli some arc l)looiiiiiiK all thi- yiar rotiiul ; ami as llii-- tlavs grow warniiT niul March coincs in, the whole ►janlcn overflows with cvjor and swcelneks. Then there is tlil^ sacred pupultree, a hanyan, and a
1/
rf» '
.*(,!»
>/i' ,
i82 Woman's Foreign MissiONAKV SociETy,
palm ; also seven wells, four of which are stone-built, each of which is a treasure-house." The property was bought for $7,000, one-fifth its real value.
From the beginning it was Miss Thoburn's en-, deavor to make, not a boarding-place, nor a place to stay, but a home in the truest sense to all its inmates. How well she succeeded let Dr. Mudge answer: "A bright light," he calls Lai Bagh, " in the midst of thi? dark heathen country, and it shines with clear.
pure rays. The members of our English Church aiid congregation, also of the Hindustani Church ; the school-girls, with the friends from distant stations who visit them ; teachers, niunshees, pundits, servants, helpers and helped, Christian, Hindus, Mohammedans, people of all religion, and of no religion ; individ- uals from all these classes have .some sort of connec- tion with the place, and feel in their own peculiar manner the influence of this pure Christian home. It is so well known that Lai Bagh is always ready to open-jwide its hospitable doors for every good pur- pose, that people seem to feel more free to come there than anywhere else. Very many visitors are also en- tertained here for a day or two at a time, during the year, chiefly members of other missions, and religious people traveling through the country, who have oc- j^^ion to stop in the city. In some way such people s^em to have got in the habit 6i stopping at Lai Bagh, and as they always receive a cordial welcome, and are made to feel comfortably at home, the habit seems likely to continue." It has also been a birth- place of souls again and again. Several meetings are held weekly, a woman's prayer-meeting, and a girls' prayer-meeting, both in English; then the Hindus-
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tani women and girls each have a meeting, and the Church class-meeting also. The door stands open to all who can be helped in any way. "Many bring blessings, others carry them away," says Miss Tho- burn. Miss Jennie Tinsley was the first missionary of the Society to share with Miss Thoburn the home and school duties, going but in 187 1, L. K. Blackmar and Eugenie Gibson in 1H78, Florence Nickerson in 1880, Esther De VMne in 1882, Theresa J. Kyle in 1885, Anna Galliinore in 1887, Florence Perrine and Lucy Sullivan in 1888, Elizabeth Hogcin 1892, Flor- CTice NichoUs and Lilly D. Greene in 1894. Not all of these were in the .school. A part went into zenana work, Mi.ss Blackmar soon after, in the Home for Homeless Women, and Miss Sullivan into deaconess work.
AtJthe close of the first year the .school numbersd twenty-five pupils, and at once a Christian girls' boarding-school was decided upon, like the one in Amroha, only of a higher grade. Tlie attendance in- creased with the years; applicants were often refused for want of sufficient room. There were 160 pupils in 1892, of whom •96 were boarders. All ages were represented, from the child of six years to woman- hood, in one case a mother with two grown daugh- ters. Miss Thoburn was home for rest in i88o, and again from 1887 until 1S92. wlien her health de- manded a change. During this prolonged absence the school was superintended with great efficiency by Miss Dc Vine.' The school is too broad to represent any cla.ss or caste, and has had much to do in breaking the walls that are so quick to form and so firm to stand among Anglo-Indians, and between them and
I86 H'OMAA 'S FOREICS MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
Other races. " Our social Christianity," says Miss Thoburn, "or Christian socialism, is largely in the hands of women, and we have a part in bringing to- gether into one all these diverse Indian tongues and people."
An additional grant, in aid, was made in 1887, and the standard of education raised. The name was changed to Girls' High School, and the same year a collegiate department added. In 1893 a teachers' class was begun, and a Kindergarten Department in- trodticed. Great interest centered in this last, the first attempt, I believe, in India. That year five kin- dergartners were under training, two of whom were sent from other schools. Miss Hoge was sent out the year before for this special work.
During the earlier years Miss Thoburn organized scliools, and put them in excellent operation, en- gaged in Sun(la>-school work, made many personal visits to the native women, and superintended the work of Bible readers. In 1874 she went to Cawn- pore, and opened a boarding-school.
Many of the older girls haS'e become teachers. Some are doing village work, many arc making Chris- tian homes, and are occupying positions of trust and responsibility; some are pa.stor's wives, one is head teacher in a Girls' Boarding-school of the Pres- byterian Mission, one is teacher in- the Collegiate Department of this school, many are zenana teachers and Bible women, and others have grown daughters who are pupils now ; .some have won early victories and gone safely home, and now there is a bright cla.ss" studying and winning university honors.
LUCKNOW CHRISTIAN SCHOOLGIRLS.
187
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India. 189
* A Woman's Coi.i.kc.k. — The first call for a higher
education came from a pupil in 1886, who had com- pleted the course in the Lucknow Girls' Hi^h School, and wanted to study medicine, but was ambitious euough to diJsire the privileges and'advantages that come with a degree. There was hut one school in all India where that could he obtained, and it was non-Christian, with strong Brahminical infhience. When Miss Thoburn communicated this fact to the girl's mother — Mrs. Chpckerbutty, herself a ten-year- old convert from Hinduism — she replied: "I wi.sh Shorat could finisli her education, but I would rather she never know anything than to be taught to doubt the truth of Cliristianity." When Miss Thoburn pro- po.scd a Christian Woman's College, this widow asked tlie privilege of being tlie first contril>utor, and offered 500 rupees.
The college came into e.xistence in 1887, with three students, and Miss H. V. Mansell, B. S., princi- pal, without reference books, apparatus, atlases, en- cyclopedias, microscope, telescope, or library — these were furnished later by friends at home. It .soon affiliated witli Calcutta University, His Excellency Lord Dulferin, Viceroy of India, sanctioning the afiil- ialion. Among the advantages to be derived is that of receiving degrees upon \^ completion of equiva- len'. courses of study. Tlie University puts its seal on the work of the Lucknow Woman's College. This new departure in education was first presented to the General Executive Committee in 1887, by Miss Thoburn herself In 188H sfbe was given permiifeion to rai.se funds for the college in accordance with the wish of the North India Conference ladies, and organ-
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igo Wo.u. w '5 Foreign Af/ss/ONAsr Society.
ize young ladies societies for this work. Miss T. J.
Kyle, B. S., was appointed principal in 1889 and 1890.
Two of the first three girls, Miss Ellen D'Abreu,
B. M.,* Mrs. So- phia D'Abreu Tlioinpson, B. A., passed in First A rts exam ination , March, 1889, and entered Bethune College, Calcutta, for B. A. About this time Mrs, Par- ker, in India, said: " The college is a necessity of our work. We need educated women for teaching in all our schools; we need native Chris- t i a n women skilled in medi- cine for work in our cities and villages. Then
there is a most important branch of work that we
have scarcely touched as yet — the preparation of liter-
Miss BLLKX D'ARRKt*.
*Miss ICllcn D'.Vbreii, H. II., and Mrs. Sophia D'Abreu
/ Thompson, B. .\ , are Kurasian.s. They be^an their .stmlies at
Lncknow and Cawnpore. and received the dejjrees of Bachelor
of Medicine and Uachclur of Arts, respectively, at Calcutta
an<l Madras.
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) '91
ature for our Christian woineii and girls. For such service we must have the highest and best edttcation possible. The need of a boarding-school in everj' di.s- trict appears very plain to us now, and tlu- need of a col- lege to trai n teachers for the boardingschools and doctors for the village wo- men isju.st as ap- parent to me." Again at home, on the twentieth anniver.sarv' of j the Society, a special collec- tion was taken on Lucknow College Day, which amount- ed to $8,000. Be- fore Mi.ss Tho- burn's return in T Si;o, the fund
had grown to $14,635.57, which warranted commenc- ing tlie work. In 1890, Miss Florence Perrine arrived, and was appointed principal of the college," retaining the position five years, until her marriage with Rev. W. A. IMansell, principal of Reid College, when Miss Nicholls succeeded her. There are eight .students
Mrs. Sol'iiiA D'AiiKl:r Thompson.
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19 J IVoM.iN's FoKEm.V Missionary Sociejy.
in the present Entrance Class, 1895, two of whom are danghtcrs of Mrs. Jane Phinimer, so well-known at Moradabad, herself one of the early orphan girls
.■'SfAW-iWr'. .;#■■■ ■'."">"".■,:'-■■■' J ^' Bareilly.
Among the teachers is Miss i,ilavata Singh, B. A.,* who was pre- pared for col- lege hy Miss Thohiirn, and took her de- gree, in Cal- cutta, whose atmosphere was unfriend- ly to Christ, and unconge- nial to her- self After graduating with honor, she accepted a Govern- ^ent position which carried with it a salary of $30 per month. When she heard that her former high school had a collegiate department, " she offered her services at
'Miss Sinyli is a Kurasian. She stmlicd above her work hours, ami lixik her ilt-Kne of A. M. .it the hist T'niversity exaiiiinatioii, standing second in the list in the whole uni- versity.
Ml.SS LlLAVATA SlNOa, B. A.
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/JVD/A. 193
half the salarj' she was receiving, if only she could have the privilege of working for God and her /1/ma AV/^r — the old school which gave her her start in life." Miss Nichols, Miss Collins, and Miss Singh are the college teachers, with two assistants for mathe- matics and Persian. These are men, one a Hindu, and the other a Mohammedan. One of these days this will not he a nece.ssity.
The " .Silver Anniversary " of the Society was universiilly observed in India, and the collections ap- plied on the college. At the Thank-offering service, held April 18, 1S95, in Lucknow, nearly 800 rupees were raised. This, added to what had already been realized from native Churches in various places, and over 300 rupees which had been sent to Miss Tho- burn by former pupils, niftde almoijt 2,000 rupees col- lected in India. The plan is to use this for an Indian room in the niemoriaM)uilding. Most of these offer- ings are the result of earnest and cheerful selfdenial, especially on the part of former pupils, who carry away to their homes a true appreciation and love for the school. Jk
From the anniversary fund at home 5 10,000 was appropriatecj for the erection of a new building for the college, in memory of Mrs. Harriet warren, and January 28, 1895, the corner-stone wasJaid with im- pressive ceremony. The brick \\alls had ri.sen several feet, and the veranda afforded a seat for many of the g[uests. So important an event as the building for the first college for women in Asia, brought together many mi.s.sionaries fi;om other stations. The Christian students of both the girls' and the boys' schools were present in full force. The exercises began with sing: '3
194 Wo^yfAN'sFoKEiGNMissiONAiir Society.
ing a Hindustani translation of " Revive us Again." After the responsive Scripture reading, Bishop Tho- burn led in prayer; then another liymn, when Dr. Parker read the report of the institution. Among other things, he said: "In i88.^ the first candidates were sent up for the university matriculation exami- nation, and in 1H88 the first for examination in the Fine Arts course, which rouglily correspond witli the first two years' course in an (\verage American col- lege. One young lady will appear for the B. A. ex- amination in 1S96. These higher clas.ses, though small, are increasing."
A missionary quartet sang, " The Lord is mind- ful of His own," and Bishop Thohurn gave the ad- dress. "When the time came for placing the stone," says Mrs. Perriiie-Mansell, " Miss Thohurn was called for, and as sliestejiped upon the platform, the thought of all her toil and prayers for this work, and all that this occasion must mean to her, made the moment's silence clo(|uent."
" The i)lain marble slab with the words, ' Hanirl Warren Afrniorial,' and the date, was set in its niche in the wall, and, with the cu.stomary trowel, Bi.shop Thohurn declared the stone placed, ' In ihe name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.' "
I'UEBK ROWK.
Pliebe Rowe is one of the Eurasian workers. Her father was an Kuglish gentleman, her mother a native of India. Mrs. Parker calls her " the first answer to I)rayer of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society." Her wonderful course as a soul-winner began in Miss Thoburn's school in 1874, when "chiefly through her
■^^jm^i^m^mf^^-y^Kin^f^^
India.
195
untiring efforts all the boardeis became Christians." She entered the school in 1872, and much of her time has been spent in Lucknow, though she often moves to other places wlien needed. Her services are varied ; now as assistant mis.sionary, teacher, and superintend- ent of a girls' boarding-school; then as /enaua worker, evangelist, and dea- cones.s. After ten years, in 1882 she was raised to the full rank of a mis- sionary. The story of iier evangelis- tic work, togetlur with her a.ssi.stanl, a Hible woman, Caroline Richards, is one of triunii)li, going from town to town and from village to village, visiting mt'las(hea then religious fairs), speaking from the steps of lieathen temples, or
going immediately among the people, talking with them in tlieir huts, gathering them under trees, by the way- side, and in city street, wherever she can collect an audience. Her fluency in Hindustani and her gentle, winning ways, eminently fit her' for this work. Her influence over the native Chri.stians is wonderful, surpassing that of any missionary, and she is
Miss I'iiede Kowk.
3*W!r-***!'W^ • r^M^
196 Woman's Forsign Missionakv SociETr.
I probably doing more than any other one person in India to build up the common village Christian in right living.
The cold weather is the time for the extended trips, when she often remains out for weeks without the shelter of a tent, living in nativ<* houses and sub- sisting wholly on the food which she is able to iind among the people. Many lonx journeys are taken in common ox-carts, wWle at other times she pursues her journey on foot. She works with her Bible women and the native preacher, and men, women, and chil- dren are baptized. In .some places the .shrines devoted to heinhen deities are torn down before the rite of bap- tism is administered. The villages are turned upside down, people coming to her until late at night to hear more of this new doctrine; and when .she must have re.st, and retires, the brethren continue talking, and — with camel-carts and their smoking drivers, .sellers and buyers all about — she sweetly sleeps until dawn. Up the next day, she secures pony-carts and starts for other villages; and, if finding the roads too bad, she .se#ds them back, and walks on for a dozen miles or more, working in the villages through which .she pas.ses. Talks and baptisms follow, and she is very happy in the work*-
In 1887 she was commissioned to bring Florence Nickerson home, "one of the dear girls who had broken down working for her people." Thty sailed January 25th. From the time they went to seal Florence daily grew worse, and on the 31st, with tlw little white hand clasped by Phebe, the feeble pulse ceased beat- ing. "The worn frame was prepared for burial, and
India. 197
very gently the strong sailors carried her to the lower deck. At half-past nine the steamer was stopped, and in the solemn stillness the captain read the bnrial service. TUey were in the Gulf of Aden, and the moon touched the rippling water with tender light as the body was laid down, in sure hope of the resurrection." Mi.ss Rowe came on from Aden alone, and .spent six months among those who "not having seen," had yet loved her. After she had left for home, truly did Mrs. Skidmore say: " The relation of her simple Christian experience, and her appreciation of those who have gone to India to help the women they did not know, has affected us deeply, and for many days we .shall hear the echo of her charming voice in the plaintive strains of India's native music. One such trophy for Chri.st as Phebe Rowe is more than compensation for a missionary's life of labor and sacrifice, even with the loss of health, and we thank God that Lsabella Tho- burn, who won her to Chri.st, ever went to India."
After her return to India, one of tiie .sweetest of Phebe Rowe's hymns, which none ever tired of listen- ing to, was publi.shed in the memorial number of the Western Christian Advocate for its editor, Dr. Bayli.ss, at who.se special request the score for the music had lieen reduced to writing.
Her many friends, and especially \hose who li.stened to her wonderful voice, and exclaimed, " I never ex- pect to see or hear anything like that again this side of heaven," or, "It seemed to me the gates of heaven stood ajar, and I heard the angels' singing," the.se will be glad of this beautiful parting gift of the late editor to the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society.
1 98 Woman 's Fokkion Mission ak y Societv. i ueavk it ai,l with jksus.
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I leave it all witli Jesus, For he knows How beside me Safe to j^iiide me Through my foeH; Jesus knows, Yes, he knows.
I leave it all with Jesus, For he knows Every trial, Self-denial, All these blows; Jesus knows, Yes, he knows.
I leave it all with Jesus, I'or he knows My contrition And submission. All my woes; Jesus knows, Yes, he knows.
1 leave it uU with Jeaws, I'or he knows. Making duty Bright with beauty Like the rose; Jesus knows, Yes, he knows.
t leave it all with Jenus, Tor he knows What to make me, When to take me At life's close; Jesus knows, Yes, he knows.
I leave it all with Jesus, For he knows ; There I '11 leave me, He'll receive me, For he knows; Jesus knows, Yes, he knows.
• ■nifo.
i^^am^jmirfj^
India. 199
ORPHANAGES.
The founding of Orphanages was one of the first enterprises of Methodist missions in India. The first girl received was a poor, weak little crealnre, blind of one eye and plain-featured ; but she was a girl, and was received by Dr. Butler, the superintendent, and his wife in November, 1858, to rear for Jesus and his Church. So exceedingly bitter was the jealousy of both Hindus and Mohammedans, that up to the close of i860 there had been only thirteen received! But what the mutiny could not do, the famine made easy, and the next year the number increased largely. Tlie first Orplianage was established in Lucknow, un- der the supervision of Mrs. Pierce. Its origin was one of the results of the great Sepoy Rebellion. When the English Government was instituting meas- ures of relief for the famine orphans, which could be only temporary. Dr. Butler considered the fate of the rescued children, and thought out an Orphanage to save and educate them, and proposed the bold adven- ture of taking one hundred and fifty girls and one hundred boys, with no means of support and no shelter; but believing it to be the right and necessary thing to do, trusted that the Lord and his Church would sustain him in it. They were sent out to Dr. Butler, fifteen or twenty of them to the load, in native hack- eries drawn by four bullocks each, and were laid down at his door in i860, in all their weakness and forlorn condition— so naked, filthy, and ignorant. There were girls from twelve or thirteen years down to the babe of -three months, for whom a nurse was pro- vided. Three-fourths of them were under eleven
JOO W0.1/.4A''.V FOKEia.X MlSSIOXAKY SOCIKTV.
years of ii^e- Most of tlioiii were weak :iii(l emaciated, and a few of Uii'iii dyiiiK, whom no care could save. About fifteen of them were to«i much reduced in strength and vitality to he saved.
At the death of Mrs. I'ierce in 1S62, her husband took charge of the work until Dr. and Mrs. Thomas were apiwinted to it, at the close of the year. It out- grew its limited accommodations, and was removed at tile clo.se of iHfij to its |)resent location iuBareilly, a site hallowed by the blood of Maria Hoist, a Kurasian, who became the first Methodist martyr in India. The spot had been ,her home until that memorable Sun- day— May 31, i.Ss; — when the outbreak of the mutiny came. She was trying to escape from danger ; but her flight wa^ intercepted by a .soldier, who cut off lier head. The btxly was afterward buried under a rose tree in her garden. Theft stands that Oriihanage to-day, one of the brightest hopes that i^iines for women in tlie Hast, an honor to the American Meth- odist Church, a fitting monument to the memory of Maria. As the first nund)ers passed out, others came to take their ])laces, so that we have today two hun- dred girls being trained in the same faitli for which Maria gave her life.
The good fruits of the institution have .so won the confidence of all who are aciiuainted with it, that it ha.s couijuered prejudice and conciliated the interest and good-will of many, even of the native nobility, as Veil as the Ivnglish magistrates, from whom the in- stitution every year receives additional destitute or- phans to be adoi)ted into this Christian home and family, and trained freely upon our own principles.
-n^<_.>;
India. 201
In April, iS/o.Phc support of the Orphaiiafje was assumed l>y the Society, and an appropriation of $3,000 was made to carry it on. Miss Fannie J. Si)arkes sailed llie same year for India, and was made first assistant. The following year she was appointed supcr^tendent. After twelve years Miss Fannie M. Engtifh was sent to her assistance, and succeeded her the next year, in 18H4, as superintendent, which po- sition siie still holds, i«95. After a visit in America, Miss Sparkes returned in 1SH9, to take up new work in Muttra — a Deaconess Home and Training-school- hut for family rca.sons was obliged to come home again in 1H91. Other missionaries, besides the corps of na- tive teachers, who have assisted from time to time as superintendent or assistant, have been the Misses Kerr, Lawson, Lauck, and Kyle, the latter having charge in 1892-93, during Miss luiglisli's vacation. The standard of the scliool is liinli. , The first cla.ss girls study as difficult books as boys in the Ciov- ernmenl schools, luery dlpartnieul of needlework is taught — knitting, crochet, embroider)' — also cook- ing. The distinguishing feature from the best secu- lar products of our Western civilization is its pur- pose to draw all tow.ird Christ in knoule<lge anil in life.
The Orphanage buildings are so arranged as not to spoil the girls for their future life, by cultivating an expensive IvuroiKau style of living. In one large room there are sixteen .sets of stones where the girls grind their wheat, two at a mill, as in the olden time.
What tact and patience are necessary when one is
aoa IVoAfAAf's Fokrign Missionary Society.
respon.sil)le for the health, nicrals, education, and future married life of three hundred girls!
More than a <|uarlcr of a century after the found- ing of this Orphanage, kind friiyuls made it jxissihlc for Dr. and Mrs. Hutler ami their daughter to revisit the.sc scenes, and as the train moved into Hareilly, at two o'clock in the morning, they were made welcome by two hundred and eighty girl^^ in white, theological students, the missionary raniilies, and a number of the members of the Church. In front of all stood Miss Sparkes, aiul the nuxuent they siuv the.se friends, tjjjjre rose, to the tune of "Old Hundred," the dox- ology, in their own language :
" Till I'll Kliiul.i jo lA mnfrtHi Maiiiil us ki karo sail inakliluq Asiii.'liii(),,2aiiiiiii<i! Iliip, Uiti, Riih ki haiiiil karo !"
The next day a formal reception was held in the Oirls' Orphanage, when an address of welcome was given in behalf of the original orphans by one of them, who was retained as a leading teawticr. When she had concluded, a little nnic-year-old girl, an or))han child of the first orphan girl, chrisleneJl Alniira Hlake by Dr. Hutler in i.S<i,S, advanced and presented the love-offerings to sahib and mem.sahib.
Dr. Hutler has been able to trace nearly one hun dred and thirty of the original orphan girls through their school days, and after they left the Orphanage, to their present position, in 1S95. The records show what they became in the first column, and wl^at has been given to our mission in the first twenty-four years, in the second column :
;p:?i<^*?!fW*'^»<T!iR^^
iMHA. ao.^
MciHchI wonif * "'
I)i»Iii'ni««ry ami hoKptlal iiiciHtaiils 5 7
School uiiil /tiinna Uinliirn >•* i<>
\Vive» of i-i)I|itiru-urh, 3 5
Wives nf mlliMiluacllftll ^ >4 .M
\Vivr« of inhorttrs S "
Wivm of I.hhI preacluTH eiii|il(iyeil ia the work, . . I4 Vi
Wives of meiiiliers of Ci>iifireiue '" '*'
A total of Chrisliaii wurkcm 87 iHi
Besides this, it has furnished wives to Christian farmers, tradesineii, etc., 7S ; a Krand total of J59 Christian women, leaviii(r ahoiit 50 of the ,^o<; re- ceived to be accounted for by deaths, removals, etc., and indndiiiK an ascertained total of 124 of the orig- inal number, 150.
In 1883, Miss Sparkcs reported that, of the 125 Rirls that hod married out of the Oi plianage in the nine years previous to tliat date, 101 were eii^aKed in mission work alter their marriage, either as teach- ers or Bible women.
Miss luiKlish, in 1HS4, had as,sociatcd with her Miss l':ilen D'Abreti. There have been encouraKe- nieiits and discoura^;ements— the usual vicissitudes in tlie years that have followed. vSometime during the year, usually during vacation, special revival services are held, sometimes with the assistance of others, as in 18HK, when Miss Isabel Leonard helped the girls in Chri.s'ian living. Miss l'hel)e Rowe has also rendered like assistance. In 188S a Girls' Mis- sionary Society was organized, with fifty members, who make lace, or do other extra work outside of regular hours, to pay their pice, which amounts to rupees, and thus they are enabled to support a
J04 ITi >.!/. ly 's /•( >KHi(-N AfisstoNAiiy SociKTr.
villiiK*-" stlnxil lor Christian v,\rU. Miu-li interest is •iliowii in tliiir niontlilv nui'tiiins, writinK essays, rtiHJinn dilutions, ^in^inK. i-'li". They also have n winniii's class, ami finii Ki'ls' class inietings weekly, besides two >(icicties of ICpworth I.eajfite.
The siiiK-riiitcndciil moves aroniid anionK the villages, looking after the v^\r\s who have married, nnd is >;reatly cnconraKed to see them leadinK lives of faithfnhicss and de\ otion to the Master's work.
Since 1SH4 the nnnd)cr of ori)lians has >rradually diminished from 2S0 to 200. This is to he accounted for ill part hy other schools providing for those in their localijy. During the ten years of Miss \',\\%- lish's supcrintcndency we have gleantul a partial re- jHirt from the North Inilia Conference Minutes, and find in seven of those years 109 have married out of lliu M^hiiol; in nine of the ten years vS have been taken li\ dc.ith, the largest number in any one year heiiiK ■-c\cii. In four of the years, 106 have joined the Cluirch in full connection, and a number on pro- bation. Ill 1.S94 a kiiuKruarlen was added. During Miss l!iiv,'lisb's serious illness by typhoid fever that year, Miss Clarke had charge of the school, and faith- fully dischar),'c(l the duties devolving upon her, until her strength n'vc Way and she became ill.
In addition, the work of the Orphanage has crmN*^ the work of the Parent Hoard, equalized coiiKfegjitions. and rendered a perfect social Chris-
tianity^
P.Mkl. — In 1X72 the Society decided to establish an orphanage in I'anri. I'nder the supervision of Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Gill, the .school increased in in-
<'i(>?^^f^i9!w^rrrji^f.:r:>:^:v - ■ >'si9T;iwa«r?^TW
tereat and iiizeiaiul in 1N74, Ahiiirn Dlake, the first girl received into tin- Hurcilly OrpliaiuiKe, was ap- pointed matron and teaclier. There were then fotir- teen Rirls. In iH<)i there were seventy-two enrolled. The teaching has always been done hy native Chris- tian women and the pnpils, wiio have liven trained in a normal class by tile married lad> missionaries. Mrs. McMahon and Mrs, Whitby have also snptrintended the work. During camp-meeting season the girls some- times walk from sixteen loiiKhly miles to attend them. Among the orphans are many be^iring the well known and honored names of missionary woniin scattered up and down the home land, tlicrcby (llililcraliiin the dis- tingnishing of Hindns from Ivnrasians or Europeans in consequence.
There is also an Orphanage of sixty cliildrcir in Madras, and one in Kolar of fifty innrv. In Rangoon, Hnrma, oiver fifty Anglo Indian and luirasiaii chil- dren are being taught in an or])lianage occupying a spacious building in the compound of the dirls' School, which lias l>een specially renieml)ere<l by the captains in the harbor, and the battery stationed at
Rangoon.
SfNIi.W-SCIIOOI.S
Methodists have been led to give more attention to Sunday-school work than any other nii.ssion in India, and coiisi<iuentlv lead all tlie missionary organ- izations in this work. At the close of i.Si)^ not less thaij yo.ofm children were reported in atteiid.Tiice in Iii- •dia and Malaysia. Thirty years befoie, Sunday-schools had little more than a nominal existence. Tlie few Knglish Churches in the cities had made a beginning in a more or less formal way. and also a beginning
''^i^^'^'ff^'lll^'r^'T^'^T-^^ ■
ao6 WOMAS'S FORKIGS JtfissroNAKrSocrKTY.
hnd been made ntnoiii^the Iiiilinn convert.t in most part!* of the country. "To Kev. Thomas Craven Im;- lon){s tile honor of iiiaUKuratinK Sundny-M'hool work, in 1H71, among tht heathen," says Hishop Tholmrn. tie lie^an l>y taking; the Sunday-scliiM>l to the hoys whenever he eonld get a K^uiip "f Hin(hi\J)oys to- Ki-thcr— at first in out oftlie way places, afterward in the streets- indnciiiK tlieni to join in sinking simple hymns to native airs, and then gettiiiK all the hoys in the several dayscluMils to come to- gether on Sniulay for singing and Scripture recita- tions. Hishop Thohiirn thought, "Of course nothing could Iw done among the girls, for the sufficient rea- son that in those days girl.s' day-si-hoojs had hardly become known." But wliile the brother siiid "of course," the .sister. Miss I.sabella Thoburn, began what is I)elieve<l to be the first girls' Snn<lay'.scho<>l of non- Chri.stiau girl,s, on her porch, allowing the men to dis- cuss the feasibility. Another account is furnished by Miss Thoburn as follows: "A Bible wom.Tii, living in a heathen neighborhood, began gathering the women who could come, au<l the children, into her home on Sunday afternoons. She ha<l them well in hand be- fore I s;iw the school. I think it was in the second month when she asked nie to go and see it. A day- .school grew out of it. (I think this was the first heathen Sunday-school of any kind in Lucknow.) ' In March, 1.S72, Miss Thoburn taught a girl.s' Sun- day-school by themsi-lves, in a little room in the corner of the conrt^all Hindus, all very poor; for only (laughters of jioor jK'ople are allowed to come out in the .streets. The girls would bring their baby
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OFF FOR A PICNIC. »7
Boyiand • KuranUn (Irl. wtiopoMiU iwrrm rumlnallnn hjr r«Ulii| all the Golden TnU aiKl aclrctcd Tcrwt fif the Intwotu of the year in the Huiiday-KChiwU of l.ucknuw, nuw muuntifiv an elephant to ride to tht Chrlaiinaii rirnli
WM
II the Golden Ttxtt uaA »clrcted nttng an elephant to ride to tht
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209
brothcm and wislerH aloiiK, and one tinic, when there were twenty nirltt, wven Imbit'H lanic also.
Thirc W.IH sinKinK. npiatniK tlic Lord's Prayer, que* tions and talkiiiK, and Ix-fori- ilic iliildnn went away, a ticket with a text on it was ^iven tlieni, which they Wire made to rejH;at until it was learned l)y heart. Tliey could ut rend, but they liked the pretty red and hliie cards, and took ilieni home, where their fathers could see and read them, and so get a hit of the Sun day school l.;s.son, too. The hoys' Sunday school hail Ijrown to one hundred in atten<laucc, and the day after Christmas a festival was held and prizes <listrilmted. Twc) hundred dnldrcn were at the ftte ; hut in 1S7J there Were i,{x)<)' The missionaries talked alMiut it in exclamatory sentences, it was so wonderful and so full of encouraging promise. The Sunday sch(M)ls had been growiu)^ .iiul multiplyiug all the year; hut the si^ht of the procession made up of Christian Hindus and Mohainmedaus, with their colored hauliers with Scri|)ture texts, and siuniuK as they marched, was won- derful. In 187.^ the girls' schools had increased from two to seven, and was considered the nu)st encourag- ing part of the work among girls and women. Miss Jennie Tinsky (Mrs. Waugh I designed and superin- tended the making of the first banner of the first heathen Sunday scluxd organized, .says Dr. Craven, who presented the .same .several years ago to Mrs. Coweii at Lakeside camp-meeting.
Once started, llie work spread rapidly, and exper- iments made in other stations besides Lucknow proved in every way successful.
In !,H73, Miss Blackmar thus describes a school anuing the heathen in Lucknow: "A .score or more 14
rrjjww-.'iiwwsrT^'SBTs?' <7!T;*i,.,7 ^ i^' '•'jW'
t iio Woman's FoKHiuy Mumonahy Socikty.
of CUKCT. hri^litfytd KirN, in ruK" uiul 'lift, crowded toKL'tlicr on n pivir ol niiittiiiK in u sinull, dark room, in whii-li there 'v\,H no turnitun-, »iivf two or thrt-f low tmnilxKi MTiits. Sonif rt'i-iU'<l thi- CuininiindnientM and Catfcliisin, and wcri' so di-li^fhtt'd ti> sin^ onr pretty hynin>i ! Sonic of the di.HconraKetnents were appar- «tnt when a woman came and ordered two ol the hriKlitewt K'rls away, l)ecuil*e they were hetnrthed, and their lrien<ls were afrnid the marriage would be l)rokiMi off if the K'rls were taught to read. Scripture texts in the Hindu character were distributed, and some would learn one every Sabbath. A brijjht k'^I of alH)ut ten y«ars did not remember hers one dny ; on inipiirinK the reason, slie Haiil 'her brideKr>K>ni came.' Aflother was absent. She had ' goire to tie married.' "
In souie of llii'se schools, when the collection i.s taken it consist.s of cowries (little shells used as pieces of money in the North, the wlnat-belt of In<lia. It.s value is about iiixuh part of an American cent). In other .schools the women ^\\v pice, ^rain, etc. There are upward of 501) Suiulay schools for girls, with about i,joo scholars, in Iiulia.
BOARDING SCHOOLS.
MoRAD.VHAD.— While it is impo.ssible to .sketch all the boarding schools for girls in India, the one at Mo- radabad must not be pas.sed over, not simply because of its career of wonderful prosperity, so long under the fostering CJit of Mrs. Iv W. Parker, but espe- cially becau.se it furnished a text of this kind of work for the mis,sion. The necessity for this .school grew out of the fact that the native Christians in the vil-
*
/SD/.I. , 111
loged of the KurroiinditiK country were livitiK no Hcnt- tercd that it was ini|Mmsil>lr to provide for thi* eihica tioii of their children iit home. The parents couhl not read, and the native paHtorit, in their long tourN of visitntiiin ainon^ the people, could not do much iti thin direction; so tl|iit it was felt the only way to ilo wa.s to gather the ^irls e?tpecially into hoarding- scho<d.s at Mime central point. It \va», however, a long time hcfor<? any girU could lie taught to read ; and it was contrary to cuHtonito allow daughters to leave home before marriage. The native preachers, even, Were hot ready for this innovation on UingestalilislAd custom. A small lieginning was made with two girls in |M6K. M;-)*. I^rkcr'it plnn was, aft< r giving them a simple education, to send them hack again to their homes, where they might he expected to act like so much leaven among the native Christians in the vil- lages. She was to return to this country on leave, and finding it impossible to arrange for the girls in Moradaliad, she made them over to Mrs. Zahur-nl- Ha(|(i, in Amroha, whose hushnnd was the first con- vert, hnpti/eil hy Dr. Humjihrey in 18.S9. There were twenty three in the school in i«72. and Mi.ss McMil- lan was appointed niissionar)- in charge. Hurly in 187,^ it was <lecided that the sch(K)l should be perma- nently located in Moradabad. When the Society was organized, it took control, and in 1H7.") erected a build- ing for a Home. The school continued to grow, until, in 18H3, there were 115 enrolled, of whom 100 were boarders; and in i8<)3 there were 172 girls. They came from fifty-six villages. The Society was repre- sented by Mi.sscs Dc Vine and Kawson from 1884 to to 1887. The MiH.ses Lank and Downey superintended
Jia lVO.ifAJV'S FOKEION Misaio.VAKY SociETr.
zenana work in 1889 and 1890. Then Miss Mansell, Miss Day, and Miss Kemper were in the school from 1 89 1 to 1895. Three women 'physicians have been sent there from time to time. In 1892 the scliool re- ceived recognition by the Director of Public Instruc- tion as an Anglo- Vernacular High .School. In 1894 kindergarten methods were introduced ; two girls were passed in the entrance examinations, the first in Ro- hilkund, with its population of 20,000 Christians. They are now in the lyiicknow Woman's College. If the success of a school were determined by the re- turns yielded in mis.sion workers, thq .success of this school is beyond question. The twenty-fifth anni- versary was celebrated by the 500 Christian women and children from the city, the school-girls, with several former ones who were working elsewhere, and Mrs. Parker. In 1895, Mi.ss Kemper had associated with her work Miss Dudley, from Ailstra'ia, with a staff of twelve teachers who had been educated in the .school.
There are also in Moradabad the Goucher Schools. Some years ago Dr. Qoucher, of Baltiniore, undertook not only to support 100 village .schools, but also to give a .scholarsliiptolhemost promising boy or girl from each .school, entitling the pupil to go to a central .school in Moradabad, and receive an advanced education. " This plan," says Bishop Thoburn, "has worked admirably, and already a large number of our best workers have gone forth from these schools." Tliey are doing an important work in the mohullas and near villages in giving instruction to women and girls, and also teach- ing tho.se who have not been baptized, but who are anxious for religious teaching.
India. ixj,
SCHOOLS FOR RNGUISH-SHEAKING GIRLS.
Calcutta. — The great necessity for training the children of English-.spcaking parent.s for future mis- .sionary labor became an inten.se conviction with the missionaries, and in 1876 a school was started in Cal- cutta, and an urgent request made of the Society for a sui>erior teacher, which was responded to in 1878 with Miss Laytou. She found tfce school greatly in need of help, with its thirty-five boarders and eighty day- pupils. This was the first work undertaken by the Society in the South India Conference, and was pro- vided for as the other .self-supporting work. In three years the school was full to overflowing, and no more applicants could be received. One hundred and fifty girls, few of whom were Europeans or natives — by far the larger number were Eurasians — were instructed there in 1879. Several were native girls belonging to influential families, .some were daughters ofniission- aries, and others repre.sented the families of barristers. Besides these, came the daughters of Armenians, and Bengalis, Burmese, Africans, Germans, Italians, and Portugese.
Early in 1885 the foundations of a new building were laid. Although the .structure is perfectly plain, and no money has been expended on it except to make it commodious, airy, and convenient, the cast, includ- ing the grounds, was over $40,000, a verj' large sum being required for the .site. It accommodates one hundred boarders. For several years Mrs. J. S. lu- .skip carried on quite a canva.ss in this land for the building fund, after her evangeli.stic tour through the empire, and though for some years a considerable
/
/
314 Woman's Foreign Missionary Soc/sry.
•
debt remained, the interest was ;nuch less than the rent of the inferior buildings formerly occupied.
Owing to the threatened war with Russia, the Gov- ernment canceled the grants for 1885, of 33,000 ru- pees, leaving the school in desperate straits. This had become the largest Protestant school in the city in 1889, and the largest .school under the care of the Society. The building is the best — perhaps the finest — in the East belonging to Methodism. It is .said no work connected with the Society has cost so little and yielded so much. In i88g there were two hundred pupils, and thirteen teachers besides the American. For eight years Miss Layton remained at the head, much of the time in feeble health, and at the cIo.se of 18H6 reluctantly presented her resignation, and was succeeded by Miss Hedrick. After five years' ab- .sence, she joyfully and hopefully returned to India. After three months' work in the Cawnpore English School, she was suddenly seized with cholera, April 22, 1892, and in twelve hours her remains were laid to rest "out in the fields" in Cawnpore. In 1889, Miss Knowles became .superintendent, and introduced a Musical Department, stenography, and typewriting, the latter meeting with much favor among business men. A kindergarten was opened in 1893 by Miss '.,^arris, with forty children and al.so a training class. During fifteen years at least one hundred Eura.sian young women went forth as active workers. For some years there had been a purpose to open a branch of the Calcutta Girls' School in DarjeeHpg, which was consummated in December 1893, ajfJJ in April, 1894, Miss Knowles reported sixteen larders and one day pupil.
^ iNDfA. - • ?I5
Cawnpore. — A school was opened in Cawnpore in 1874, property was pui||bhased costing about $7,000, and Miss ITaston sent otit to superintend it in 1878. It was to receive at first ajnionthly grant frcnii the Gov- ernment of $25, biiP'othiSpwise to be self-supporting. This school fm the bauiiis of the Ganges first raised the banner for the higher education of girls in India, one of its pupils, Miss D'Abreu, the first lady niatric- uliite from the Northwest Provinces in a Calcutta en- trance examination ever to have passed. She subse- quently received the degree of Hachelor of Medicine at Madras. When larger accommodations became necessary. Miss Easton raised $6,000 on the ground, and then confidently applied to the General Execu- tive Committee for $1,500, though the e.stimated value was $10,000. In 1886 she returned for a much- needed rest, and Miss Harvey .succeeded her, until, in 1890, her health became impaired, and Miss McBurnie took charge. Three years later the superintendency devolved on Miss Lauck. The Conference decided to change the location in iSijcl to the Boys' Memorial School, and continue a department of small boys. This was an experiment, many in India disapproving of mixed schools ; but the arrangement was satisfac- torily made. The grant-in-aid for 1891 was 3,600 rupees. For years this school has yielded teachers of a'^iigher grade, and zenana workers, 'besides stu- dents for the medical college, thoroughly equipped spiritually, morally, and intellectually, as earnest, educated, enthusiastic Christian workers, with the gift of vernacular speech, a knowledge of native opinion and character, and power to live and labor in their own country at a comparatively small cost, giv-
a i6 Woman's Foreign Missio.\ary Socmry.
ing them great advantage over a foreign missionary, and may indefinitely augment their power.
Naini Tal. — An Ivnglish school was needed in Naini Tal, and as " need is the basis of the worker's faith," it was opened I'ebruary i, 18H1, with nine pu- pils by Miss Kuowles, she having previously rented a house for the exact amount of her salary, guaranteed for one year by the Society. It closed in November with twenty -one pupils, six of whom were boarders. With no certain dwelling-place and inferior accommo- dations, there was a struggle for life the finst few years. Then a Building Committee was appointed of Bros. Waugh, Parker, Thomas, Baunie, and the Misses Thoburu, Blackmore, and Kaston, who decided to borrow the money, \fi.ss Knowles to meet the in- terest from the income of the school, besides keeping up the running expen.ses, and paying the salaries of the teachers, and purchase a site and erect suitable buildings adapted to future needs. The work was commenced in 1 886, trusting to the Government to f furnish one half the cost, as promi.s^d in the ncwii Educational Code, and completed in 1887 at a cost of $26,000. The English Government gave $3,000. On account of failing health, Miss Knowles resigned, and Miss Easton, who had enjoyed a year of rest in this land, succeeded her. She was authorized to borrow $10,000 in India, and pay the balance due on the property, and in August, 1893, was able to say " out of debt;" but a new building was needed, and on it ".she put a mortgage of hard work and careful economy." Nothing was asked of the Society but a good kinder- gartner, which was met in Miss Butcher. In 1892 the
'fl^- ^:pp^«;^>:i5fi^";';,OT»r:fff;-;f -.^iVfJ^ti^fr^^ffr^^^
India. 917
Government paid Rs. 4,S49 ($1,616) grant-in-aid earned. The first girl .sent up for the entrance exam- ination pa.s.sed in 1S87. The number sent up in 189,^ wa.s over fifty. In 1894 the teaching .staff con.sisted of three missionaries an<l nine other teachers. There were ninety-seven boarders and twelve day scholars. Forty-three passed middle, and three entrance exami- nations. For tuition and board 4,539 rupees were received, which, with the grant-in-aid, amounted to 9,663. This is the VVellesley of India. It was called the Slater High School for a time, in memory of a Michigan woman, whose bequest, made in 1871, was applied on the first property.
Mis.sionaries send their daughters to this beautiful .sanitarium for education. In 1893 " sweet KleanorGill" pas.sed swiftly through the pearly gates into the city. " No other influence, it would seem," says Miss Kaston, " could have worked out more good among tlie girls ; the seed fell upon prepared ground, and it has brought forth fruit."
Rangoon. — In 1881. Miss Kllen Wlarner, glad to give her best for the Master, was appointed to open a .school in Rangoon, on the .self-.snpporling plan. The Government of British Burma donated nine building lots, on an eligible site, valued at 1,600 rupees; in cash, as a building fund, 10,000 rupees, and 900 for furniture. The close of the first year found her with a new building, property valued at $15,000, a reputa- tion established, and a .school of one hundred pupil.s. The following year Miss McKisson was .sent to her assistance. , The religious spirit of the school, its effect upon the community as a fAder to the Meth-
2 1 8 Woman 's Foreign Missionary Soc/etk ■
* odist Church, make it one of the best of its kind in
the East. Two hundred and ten scholars were en- rolled in 18.S8, seventy of them boarders. An Orphan- age grew out of the school, a woman's workshop was established, and work among the Uurmese started. The work done was felt in a dozen directions, and strengthened every interest of the Church in Burma. " In the Church and on tlie street, in the coffee- rooms and on board ship, in the school and in the Orphanage, these missionaries were instant in season and out of sea.son." One of the pupils greatly as- sisted Bishop Thol>urn as an interpreter, when he opened work among the lUirmese. Both Miss War- ner and Miss McKisson married, and Mi.sses Wisner and I'erkins carry on the work. A kindergarten was added, and in 1892 a thoroughly-organized gymnasium, with American methods, adopted under the sanction of the Director of Public Instruction. This is the first girLs' school to undertake this training. In 1892 a Bur- mese school was begun on the veranda of the parson- age, that in three weeks had twenty-seven children, the teaching being largely vohintary. The.se .scholars were of tlic better cla.ss, and paid a tuition fee of, from eight annas to one rupee per montlj. Applica- tion was soon made for board, and a boarding-school could be seen by faith in the near future.
■SiiNr..\PORE. — The Society provided the agent. Miss Fo.ster, of the Columbia River Branch, and Bishop Thoburn, at the Conference in 1894, appointed her to the task of opening a school for Knglish-speak- ing girls in Singapore. It w-as done, May 4th, in the Deaconess Home, with eleven pupils, which increased
ISDIA. 319
to thirty-one during; the year. The school has made excellent progress, and serves a most important mis- sion in providing an institution where Christian girls can receive an education unmixed with either Roman Catholic or ritualistic instruction.
These schools for European and Eurasian children are a special feature of the Methodist Episcopal Church in India, and are reckoned anio{igthe results of Bishop Taylor's work there. The Society pays the outgoing expenses, and sometimes the salary during the first year, of the teachers sent out.
WOMAN'S DEP.\RTMENT OF THROLOOICAL SCHOOL. A uni(iuf department oi the Theological School in Hareilly was founded by Mrs. T.J. Scott in 1869, the year after that .school was opened by her husband. Dr. vScott. 'Some of the students liad ignorant wives, fresh from the villages, and Mrs. .Scott felt it her duty to get the women fitted to be preachers' wives and help- ers, and in a very unpretentious way began her train- ing-school with six women, on her veranda, holding it for three hours daily. Every year the .school grew in numbers and in interest, until it was made a rule that all the wives of students unemployed should at- tend ; and without a regular school-room or large corps of tcacliers, it has become quite an institution of itself. For years the enrollment has been from forty-five to fifty women, and in 1H90 it required four recita- tion-room.s. Two verandas helped supply this need. Many of the women were not only beginners in sec- ular knowledge, but had to be taujjht the rudiments of Christianity. As time went on, a four years' Bible readers' course of study' was adopted. This became
-;■*■,;*■
"Wtv* '••4\»»ffV.s.'?"^,
230 IVOMAA/ *,S FOXB/GN MjSS/ONARy SOCIBrV.
the curriculum of the Woman's School, so far as they are enough advanced for it. They pass their final ex- aminations at the District Conference, and receive cer- tificates from the Committee on Examinations. These women learn under difficulties. They* have all their household duties to perform, and nearly every one has children to care for. It was a great boon to the mothers, as well as of incalculable value to the little ones themselves, when, in 1893, Mrs. Neeld opened a kindergarten.
The school has daily Bible-readings, lectures giv- ing in.structions in physiology, hygiene, and .subjects that are of importance to them as wives and mothers. They ai.so have talks on sanitation, care of children, treatment of sore eyes, fevers, and diarrhea. All are trained to work in the Suntlay-school. There is a regular class and prayer meeting for them, a Mission •Band, King's Daughters, a Dorcas Society,, and an Epworth League. ~
About 150 have already gone out, with their hus- bands, prepared to work, and many of then) are help- meets indeed ; >ea, more, they do what their husbands can not do — that is, enter the homes of their village sisters, and talk and read to them. Tliey teach, too, by example. Their neat, clean houses, tidy little ones, correct lives, and becoming dress, show what Chris- tianity can do for the women of India. Some have schools for little girls. The iuflueuee they exert is
untold.
KOLAR.
The Kolar Mission has a unique historj-. It was founded l)y Mi.ss Louisa IJ. Anstey, an English lady, during the great Indian famine of 1877, and fostered
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* India. j2i
by her with ^1 a mother's tenderness for th^Q^ years, when she felt it had outgrown her ability to provide for its needs, and made it over, in August, 1890, tP the Methodist Episcopal Church. There was an Orphanage for boys, and one for girls, a church, dispensary, and four Christian villages, thre^ of which contain chapels. The Society received its part as a .sacred heritage of work among the women and girls of Kolar. It consi.sts of Bible-women's \work, a day- school, and an Orplwnage of fifty girls, both large and small. Many are Christians. "
PITHORAGARH. *■
Isaikot (the Christians' Fort) is what Miss Budden calls her little .settlement of Woman's Refuge, Girls' School, and Mission Home. For some years a scliool had been carried on by Mrs. Gray, until, in 1879, there was gathered out of it the nucleus of a Christian Home, and the services of Annie Budden, her sister, secured to care for it. Mrs. Dr. Newman, from the^. sales of " Flowery Orient," and a woman in India, provided money for the buildings, which were erected from stone taken from the land which had been purcha.sed. The cultivatwn of the farm has made the work from the start practically self-supporting, the women and . girls putting in rice, wheat, and other grains. At the harvest season Miss Budden spends about .seven hours daily with the women. During the rest of the year they are kept in school. In iSSt, Mi.ss Florence Nick- erson, whese grave is in the Indi.m Ocean, rendered ^d^ valuable aid by taking the boarding-school, and tlft f following year wasassisted by Miss Rowe. In 1886
the farm wgrfc-^w, cattle were bought, approprw--/
222 IVoMAy 's Foreign MissioNARr Society.
tions made for plowmen and a farm manager, and many improvements were added through the generos- ity of friends in America, a corn-sheller, corn-grinder, Fairbanks' scales, besides the fodder-cutter and grind- stone bought in India. A windmill was also secured in America, and was put up without the aid of an en- gineer, directed by Miss Undden. Early in 1877, ■''•'' she was returning from a tiiree years' enforced ab.sence in America, she was received with an ovation eight miles long, as she was first met by her adopted daugh- ter, Kllen Hayes, accompanied by the native pastor and doctor; then, later in the day, by a large gatheringi with flags and banners, and clean, white chuddars; and then ^y the men and boys, servant.s of the house and farm, and some of the first women, and " dear Mrs. Grant," who had cared for her " little ones " during her absence. When she got back into her daitdi, ."or a .short distance the four plowmen picked it up and car- ried her in triumph. Tliere were flowers, and arches, and mottoes, songs of welcome, and loving embraces, strong arms that bore her along, two at a time, of the happy girls, making the merriest, happiest procession ever seen in that valley.
There was a marked and steady improvement in every branch of the work ; but a terrible scourge of cholera broke in upon all this prosperity. Miss Budden removed her women and girls to a hill country twelve miles distant, leaving the farm and cattle and store- rooms, the grain uncut and ungathered,„and faced the problem of feeding all these people. The coolies were panic-stricken, and fled. Several of the women and girls died, and no one would come to dig a grave. . Six of the native Christian women, on the death of a
• India. 223
woman, with spades and hoes, went with Miss Bud- deu on the sad burial errand. They tied up the body in a blanket, and carried it out, and buried it, after a short prayer, in the Rrave they had dug. This was six o'clock in the morning, and at .six in the evening they did the same for another woman.
There was another visitation of cholera in 1 889 ; l)nt not nearly so severe, and that time the servants did not leave.
Ill 1894 the work consisted W the school, Home, seven village .schools, the church scivi^e, a Christian community, two Epworth Leagues, a Missionary So- ciety, eighteen Ready-workers' Hands, two Bible- readers' classes, and a medical class. In 1892, Dr. Sheldon was appointed to Pithoragarh, and she and Miss Buddeii followed tlie example set by Mi.ss Tho- burn in 1889, and now adopted by thirteen or more iiii.vsioiiaries, of accepting only half salary, on the Deacones.s plan.
DARCHULA.
In April, i89,-(, Mi.ss Budden and Dr. Sheldon went a four days' journey toward the eternal snows, to Darchula, prospecting among the Bhotiyas for a new.» mission center. They found a hopeful field, and e.s- tablished a Deaconess Home, or rather one for sum- mer and one for winter, for these migratory people, introiluciiig native Christian women for helpers, one of the women becoming' the first Hiiidu.stani deacon- e.ss. William K. Blackstone contributed the money for the " Flora Deaconess Home," and the North India Conference, in 1895, appointed Dr. Sheldon to this work. She was fortunate in taking one of Miss Bud- den's schoolgirls along, who proved to be a pure
■ ■■.■T«»r.T,^7>
a^ H^oAfA/v 's Foreign Missiosary Socrtrr.
Thibetan, who will help mightily turn this key that may unlock the hitherto ini])regiinljle Tliil)et. The doctor has started girls' schools in four places, and has more than twenty girls reading. The Bhotiyas have no written language. She also practices med- icine.
CHANDAG HEIGHTS.
In the fall of 1891 the Society was startled over the information re/beived concerning Mary Reed. She went to Indij in 1884, aii^l after four years in Cawnpore and one\iu>Gonda, returned home in Janu- uary, 1890, much broken in health. She went to Christ's Hospital, Cincinnati, early in the year 1891, for treatment, and was obliged to give serious atten- tion to a troublesome .sore on the end of her right forefinger. Several physicians had examined it ; but as none of them had ever seen aiiything of the kind they did not consider it at all serious. After several remedies had failed, amputation was proposed. We prefer to give the account of this affliction as pub- lished by Bishop Thoburn, in his " Light in the East," and will quote from him: "One day while lying in bed, Miss Reed was somewhat li.stlessly tap- ping the counterpane with her finger as a relief from the dull pain which slie had felt for some time, and thinking of God's dealings with her in her past life, when suddenly, and so very distinctly that she could not misunderstand it, it seemed to be said to her, although no voice spoke: 'The trouble with your finger is leprosy ; you must return to India, and re- pair at once to the leper asylum at Pithoragarh, and devoUi the rest of your life to teaching the jioor lepers who are inmates of iliat place.' Up to that hour not
MISS MARV REHD.
w'^rf?^m'^w^^^m^7
India. 227
a thought had for a moment crossed her mind that the sore on her finger might be a symptom of leprosy, and to this day she is unable to account for the inti- mation received, except by assuming, as she ddes without hesitation, that God, by his Spirit, revealed it to her. She could not remember any occasion on which she had been brought into personal contact with a leper, in such a way as to liave contracted this terrible disease, and to this day we can hardly con- jecture how she ever became subject to it.
"When the hospital surgeon called later in the day. Miss Reed told him faithfully what had passed in her mind, and assured liini that she had no doubt now as to what troubled her finger. Had she even thought of it sooner, she would have recognized it long before that eventful hour, but the thought had never crossed her mind. The surgeon, who was an able and experienced physician, tried to di.ssuade her from taking so serious a view of the case; but as he never in his life had seen a case of leprosy, he told her that he would look up the. medical authorities carefully, and see her the following day. When he returned next day, a glance at his face showed but too clearly, to what conclusion his studies had led him. While hardly able to suppress his tears, he in hesitating words told his patient that there/ was reason to fear that her surmise had not been alto- gether incorrect, l)ut that in so important a case he would not give a final decision until a consultation was held. This took place without delay, and the consulting physicians were compelled to admit that Miss Reed had not been mistaken in her statement. ' To make perfectly sure, however, she was .sent to an
3i8 Woman 's /•'okkign Missionaky SociETr.
expert in New York, a gentleman who had seen many cases of leprosy,, and he, too, confirmed the decision arrived at in Cincinnati. There was, therefore, no alternative but to accept the .ippalling fact that this consecrated ChristiaI^^vorke^ hitd become subject to a disease which is, perhaps, dreaded more than any other in the world.
"From the very first it was noticed by Miss Reed's friends, that she herself did not seem at all crushed by her cruel discovery. On the other hand, .she seemed to accept her mission as if directly assigned to her from on high, and from that moment made no other plan, and talked of no other plan, than that of going at the earliest possible day to her distant mis- sion. For obvious reasons, the awful discover)' was kept from the public for a short time, during which Mi.ss Reed made a farewell visit to her mother. She had written that, for important reasons, she thought it be.st ^o return to India immediately, and when she met her mother she told her casually, in the course of conversation, that for a special reason she had formed the singular resolve never to kiss any one again, and that she mentioned it in advance, so that her mother might not think .strangely of it if she parted from her, without giving her a farewell kiss. The mother did not coniprdiend her meaning, but supposing that sheUiad sufficient reason for forming so singular a resolution, she asked for no explanation and let the niattir pass. The farewell words were spoken, and the fArewell embrace given, but the afflicted daughter bade adieu to her sorrowing mother, knowing that she would meet her no more in this world, without enjoying the luxury of a farewell kiss.
" She hastened back to India ns rapidly as possi- ble, but stopped long enouRh in London to consult Sir Joseph Fayrcr, the most eminent authority en all Indian diseases to be fpund in *lhe world. Sir Joseph K^nted her a prolonged interview, and treated her with the utmost kindness, but was unable to nio<lify in llie slightest degree the verdict of the American physiciif^ He gave her, however, the latest remedies, and a few monographs on the sub- ject of leprosy, which have since proved of value to her.
"Arriving in India, Miss Reed proceeded at once to Pithoragarh, which is a remote station in Kumaon, among tlie Himalaya Mountains. I met her in Almora, in September, 1H91, and had tJie plea.sure, which was by no means a melanciioly^pleasurc, of listc-tiing to the story of her trials and triumphs, and cheering her on her way. I am glad to say that leprosy, although a terril)le affliction at best, is by no ilieaus so dreadful a disease as is commonly suppo.sed in America-. In some cases the disea.se makes rapid headway, and the end comes in the short sjiace of one or two years; but in other cases the patient lives in comparative comfort for ten, fifteen, or possibly even twenty years or more. There are several vari- eties of the disease, and none of them are at all con- tagious unless the skin is broken, which is not always the case, or when l)roken, the affected part is brought in contact with a cut or abrasion of some kind (in the skin of a healthy person. Hence, those of us who have lived long in India have practically ceased to he afraid of lepers, and go among them without the slightest hesitation. Thus far, medical
ajo Woman's FoKBiaN Af/ss/OJVAjtr Soc/sry,
skill has not been able to discover any cure for this much dreaded disease; but it seems to be well estab- lished that, although not able to cure leprosy, certain medicines can arrest its progress, and this gives an unspeakable measure of relief to those on whom the disease has nAt yet made much progress."
Miss Reed proceeded at once to her field of wprk at Chandag Heights, three miles from Pithoragarh, and from the Minutes of the North India Conference for 1 894 I make a few excerpts from her report : " During the past two years I have experienced so much of the loving compassion and tender mercy of 'the Friend that sticketh closer than a Jjrother' that it is with a very grateful, humble heart I attempt to recount, for the dear friends of our widening mission- ary circle, something of God's dealings with me and ,-ttt6 people to whom he has called me to minister here, in this beautiful place, Chandag Heights." That his seal of bless^ig is upon the special work going fonvard among the poor afflicted ones occupy- ing this retreat, and that, too, among the inhabitants of adjacent villages, is evident from her report. This mountain district, one of the fairest spots on i God's beautiful earth, has the sad reputation of being one of the very worst districts in India for this dread malady. But to Miss Ree<rs report: "During the pa.st eighteen months eighty patients' names have been enrolled on my books, and I am told that within a radius of ten miles there are more than four hundred who ought to be here in the asylum. I hope to see the last of these new buildings occu- pied as soon as the walls become thoroughly dry." The name of the Scottish Society under which Miss
India. 231
Reed has been so niystiriously called to work is "Mission to Lepers in India and the liast," and works not by sending out missionaries of its own, but by utilizing existing agencies, making grants of money to maintain the work. Miss Reed herself is supported by the Cincinnati Branch i^ the Woman's Society, from which she first went toyndia. Of the fifty-seven patients enrolled in 1894^1 but five were Christians, and they had but reoently entered the asylum. Miss Reed continue^T "Aside from the special work for which I hj^ been called apart — though not to a lonely dese|^)lace, but to one of the most beautiful of earthly abiding places, where I am neither alone nor ' lonely,' for as I live within three miles of dear Miss Budden and the community of more than three hundred native Christians, with whom I have frequent communication and many pleasant visits — I an; not lonely, for my heSrt and hands are filled with work. I have had the privilege during the past year of opening four schools for boys and girls in the villages lying in»the mountain valleys from two to five miles di.stant from my home. About six months ago, in 1893, two other schools >tere made over to me by the preachers in charge of Pithoragarh Circuit. In the.se six schools are over two hun- dred pupils.
" It is a wondrous .sweetener of what otherwise would be an unbearable burden, that through this dis- pensation of ^ God's providence and grace he is not only working in my o\<-n heart and life to will and to do of his good plea.sure,''but that it is al.so being util- ized by him in rousing Wills, moving hearts, quicken- ing thought, influencing and enlisting new recruits
v;4?A^,
m.
'^l!?^q'fBaBff
J32 WOXfAN'S FOKKIGN MlSSlONAKy SOCIETr.
for that Rreat company needed to publish his bles.sed word. Ulessed, ever blessed In; His glorious name forever !"
September, 1893, Miss Reed, in referring to her con- dition, said: "He hath heard the many, many prayers offered for this bruised, broken, weak instrument during the past year; and answers have been steal- ing into my soul as herald-rays, announcing the com- ing dawn, and the flowers of hope have pierced the sod, telling of coming spring. Surely, surely, the very marked and remarkably signs of promise of com- plete restoration to health that have steadily iucrea.sed the past year, are prophetic of what the Great Phy- sician designs for me in his own good time." The writer received a letter from Dr. Sheldon, dated June I, 1895, written in Miss Reed's bungalow. She said: "As I am writing sister Mary is writing in the same room. I stop and look at her. She has on a blue dre.ss with white spots. Her abundant hair is coiled on the top of her head. A smile is on her face as she writes — a sweet, peaceful face this morning, with tio trace of the disease which formerly showed itself in a spot on one of her cheeks. Her face is some- times troubled ; but only for others' sins and siiort- comings, as all soul-winners and .soul-builders will understand. She looks well."
BOM DAY.
This great city, the gateway through which Eu- rope enters India, with its multitude of wealthy' and well-educated people, as well as of poor and ignorant, with its splendid commerce and philanthropic spirit, is a grand field for missionary effort. Some work had
'W^lffp'
IsniA j.V^
l)een carried on ainoiiK women prior to 1884, when the S<Kiety sent nnt Miss De Line. Miss Shewanti Bni Power, a Mahrati lady of excellent family and earnest ])icty, who speaks five languages and is an excellent theologian, was doing /enana work, and had access to thirty-five /.ciianas, and Miss Sarah Cassidy, a successful zenana worker from North India, to- gether with Mrs. C. 1'. Hard, the jwstor's wife, had opened schools and held meetings among the native Christian women. A Bible woman (Kassie) was also employed. Miss I)c Line at once organized for more extensive zenana work, and in 1885 was joined by Miss Klliott. Besides these two, other workers were the Misses Powers, Tracy, Wright, and two Bible women. A day school was opened in March, 1887. Miss Klliott married, and Miss Abrams arrived and to«k charge of the school-work, which had grown to three day and two Sunday schools. One is a board- ing, day-school and Oriilianage combined, besides an- other day-school supported by Miss Carroll, who was .sent to India in iH«H, and appointed to Bombay. The native Christian %\'c\'> boarding-school is the largest of its kind in the city. Sunday-schools are connected with each of the five schools, as is common all over India, besides one avernKing eijjhty in attendance in the IIoiiic. The missionaries also work in Grant R(;<ad Sunday-school, and in one in Mazagon, held in a Hindu temple; and they are also responsible for the Sunday morning service with the Chri.stian commu- nity there, and share in the responsibility of keeping up the l';))\v()rlh League. "•
Kight zenana teachers vi.sit more than 200 houses, and probably three times as many secluded women,
234 iVOAfAAf 'S FoKBHiN MlSSIONAKY SOCIBTY.
who but for this ngency would never hear of Christ, wliile iilxiiit half a siore of Hil>le women do good service ainouK the women of the lower class. Among the zenana workers is a sister of the Miss Power al)ove referred to, Miss Sundar Bai Power, a dignified native or high-caste Hindu, who visited Kngland as a missionary in 189.V to point out the evils of the opium-traffic. She retained her Oriental dress while there. Miss Power speaks ICnglish with great fluency.
A ZENANA I'AKTY.
Miss Mary L. Niiid has written such a charming sketch of a very unusu.1I society event that occurred when she was in India in 1887, that we repeat it al- most entire:
"It happened on this wise: One warm, bright morning in March, we were seated at the brcakfa.st- table in our zenana home in Bombay, when Miss De Line turned to me with sudden animation, ex- claiming: 'I have an idea; I am going to give you a /enann party !' . . .
" The following Wednesday was .set for the party. Some one must be cho.sen to write the invitation.s. This coveted privilege was granted to Sundar Bai, a native zenana worker living in the Home. On tinted pajK-r, in a round, clear hand, the dainty missives were penned — some in Arabic, others in Hindustani, Tamil, Marathi, Guzerati, and I do n't know how many un- pronounceable tongues — and given to the bearer, who was duly dispatched with them to their destinations. News travels fast in India ; and it was not long Ijcfore the rumor reached us that the .social world in the na- tive quarter of the city had been thrown into a state
India. a.vs
of the RTeatcst excitement over the coming event, and Miiw Dc Line's party was the subject of conversation in every zenana. I must say here that Miss De Line had access in her zenana visiting to the very cream of the native aristocrac> — faniilies of wealth and ifore- most in rank and influence. In her iiennims were dark- haired Jewesses and digniried Mohammedans, dimple- faced Aral)iiuis, (gentle Hindus, beautiful Parsees, and last, but not least, the learned Kuklniiahai, whose fame had already spread to ICngland and America, and enjoyed the additional honor of being a friend of Knmabai.
" The morniiiR of the eventful day dawned upon a cloudless sky, for there is no fear of March snows or April sliowers in India. At breakfa.st Miss De Line announced to the gentlemen of her household that they must be sure to leave the premi.ses at noon, and not return till after eight in the evening. They prom- ised faithfully : for it was well understood that if so much as the shadow of a man were seen by these fair visitors, the party would come to an untimely end, and Iikewi.se, it was feared, would Miss De Line's ze- nana visiting. All that morning we were busy as bees putting the house ^l order. The four or five zenana assistants were excused from their usual round of visits, and after breakfast we all set merrily to work, sweeping and dusting,- polishing and garnishing. Flowers and palm-leaves transformed the rooms into fairy -like arl)ors, while each girl brought forth some bit of drapery or clierished knicknack to grace the oc- casion. The house was admirably adapted for a party of this kind. It had been built by a Parsee for him- self, so it was thoroughly native in .style. A double
■WT^^'^^^yT^r'ni^
,1' .
J3« IVouMx's FoKKinN MissiONARV Soc/M/y.
carriaKc-tlrive led through the conipouiul to the |)or- tico, from whii'li o]iciiifl the refeptioii niiii drnwiiig rooms. DirectK ovcrlii-iul was tlie lafKc airy parlor, with a vernnda ill front, screened by a high railing, and connecting with the conipoiiiid below l)y a spiral staircase. In tliis way the Honicn conid pass directly to the /enana ipiarter overhead without entering the house from l>elow and running the risk of meeting a chance man-servant.
" By two o'cl(K-k, the hour for the party, we were really to receive our guests. As we wailed in a flutter of expectancy the first arrivals. Miss I)e Line .sug- gested that I should go out on the veranda and watch them come. So I looked over the balustrade and peered through the interlacing foliage of the com- pound to the road beyond. Presently there was the rumble of carriage-wheels, and the next minute in rolled a coach drawn by prancing horses, with coach- man in front and footmen behind, all in picturesque native livery. The blinds at the windows were closely drawn, and not a peep could I get of a i)air of bright eyes behind them. As the carriage .stopped, one of the footmen sprang nimbly to the ground ajld opened the door with averted face. Then out stepped a most curious-looking figure. It was entirely enveloped in a white gown or sheet, that fell in ample folds to the ground, but w.is drawn tightly together in front, as if held by a pair of invisible hands, The figure moved slowly and cautiously toward the stairs, a.scended them, and disappeared through the door of the dre.s.v iiig room.
" The carriages now followed each other in quick succession, and an almost unbroken procession of
VDINO MOIIAMMRUAN WOMEN.
aw
!«•■
' JNUIA. 239
muffled forni.s, some in white gowns and gome in col- ored ones, filed in solcnin array np the winding stair- owe. In striking contrast to these wunitn were a few Christian girls, wlm came in gayly-painted ox carts or on foot, their l)right faces framed in a fleecy cliuddar of white muslin. At last there was a cessation in the arrival of gnests, and 1 turned liuck to the parlor. What a picture met my eyes as I entered ! Fifty or sixty dusky-checked ladies lined the walls. Their itilken rolies, of the richest Oriental colors, fell in graceful folds to the floor. Jewels by the myriad spar- kle<l in the coils of their dark hair, glossy with co- coanut oil, dimpled their soft, hare arms, and adorned their foreheads, noses, ears, and necks. The feet of the Hin<lu women were almost hidden by a wealth of toe-rings and anklets, while the goUl-end)roi(lered slip- pers of the Mohammedans peeped from \iniler their sheeny draperies. The air was heavy with the odor of attar of ro.ses and other .scents. As I stood lost in ad- miration of this novel .scene. Miss I)e Line approached me with an anxious face. ' I can't get the.se women to talk to each other, and you must help me ent'ertain them,' she said, in an energetic whisper. ' Hut I can't speak their language !' J O, never mind ; you can gesticulate or do something. I made this party for you, and you mu.st help me through with it.'
"Eager to be of service, but at a loss how to begin, I took a chair and sat down in- front of a semicircle of eight or ten ladies. \VV looked at each other in silence. }. smiled, and they smiled. Then I stroked the folds of thtir silken chuddars, and pa.ssed my hand admiringly over the gilt embroidery, nodding and say- ing, as well as I couUl, that I thought it was pretty.
■■'^^jmmm^m^wr^irTmpm^.^i^
140 lyOMA/V'.S FOKKICN MlSSroyAKY SoCIKTY.
They tiirtivd to imcIi otlu-r witli an ainiisi'd link- lauKli, Olid several of thcin, iu a sliy, ininiisitivc way, lK-){aii feeliiiK my dress, and vxatiiiiiiiiK its riblMMis and bul- tonn. I pointed to their lii'uvy anklets ami great nosf- rinKs, and made ^i^;MS to know if lliey did not hnrt. This seemed so fnnny to tliem tliut they laii^'ied im- moderately, rolling ahoiit un their chairs, and actiiiK exactly like a \^e\•y of merry little K'''''*- Then they looked dolefully at my ' eommoniicnse' shoes, and felt of niy ears and arms, .shaking their heads in pity over my deplorable paucity of similar charms. After exhausting; my resources on one ^ronp, I moved to anothci, and re|>eate<l the pantomime.
"Oicasionally I (ound .some one — usually she was a Christian girl — who could speak a little Ivnglish, and this was a great help, for then I could hranch out into quite a conversation. While we were in the midst of this highly entertaining part of the program, refresh- ments were announced. They were simple; (or Miss I)e Line said she would not dare offer anything elab- orate to these high caste ladies, though she tliought .some among them niighi be willing to take such light refreshments as lea and cake at the house of a Chris- tian. Nearly every one did, which was a wonderful concession. I could not help contrasting these women with many I had seen in North India, who would not even let my shadow fall on their foo<l when I visited their homes, and who would probably have preferred to die rather than eat anything taken from a Christian's hand. When tlie trays were passed. I happened to be sitting by a Hindu woman and her two 'little children, a boy and girl. The mother accepted the tea, but re- fused the cake. Supposing she declined from modesty,
India. 141
ami thinking; thnt nf (.'oiirHC the cliildri-n wiiiiU-d cake. I wusjti>t alioiit to K>^'c then) soiiie, when the dis- tress^-d, frightened look on the wonian'H face recalled to my mind that she and her family wen- hi^h-caate Mrnhtnan!), nnd miKht have to MifTer weeks of jienufice if they taHteil a morsel of our food.
" After all were throuKh ealiiiK, the Christian K'rlt* (fathered aronnd the or^an and In'^an sin^in^ .some of the native i*A,i/<;««. One after another joined in the iliorus -women who had often heard these niel- i«lies sniiK in their own zenanas hy onr llilile work- ers, and learned to love thetn l,o«d an<l clear the plaintive strains floated ont on tln' still air. In the ^;atllerin^; twilight I conhl see the faces aronnd me ^row serious, and down many a cheek the hot tears fell \inheeiled, as the sweet sentiment of the son>;s tonchi'd hearts that perhaps no spoken words could have reached — tellin>; how life is passing;, and our frien<ls are lenvin^ us, and if we would meet them a^ain ,ve must lieliive in Jesus, the world's oidy Savior. As darkness fell our ^;uests, rohed a>;ain in their street costumes, left for their homes. ICvcry- onc |)ronounced the party a perfect succe.ss, hut as n result of it, poor Miss De Line was .sick in bed ior
two d.iys."
MADRAS.
The foundations for women's work in connection with Methodist missions were laid in .Madras hy Mrs. M.-iry Rudisill, who was also larjjcly its inspira- ty^n. In 1M.S9, Miss Mary HuKlies was appointed to this work. In.t n\arried dnrin^; the following year. She is tlie oul> .\merican representative the Society has ever had there. Mrs. Rudisill died July H, 18H9.
343 WOMAy'.S FOKKION MlSSIONAMV SOCIh lY.
Miss Himliis ill NvrilinK alMiiU tin- luiiiral Miiil ; ■ I have riinly heard mu h trll>ull•^' a^ win paid liy all cla^M^ tt> Ihc Ixaiity nl hir tharaiUr and the dcvo tioti of licr life. Hit diutli lied was n Hiene of luily trtuiiipti uiisurpashcd in saintly annals. It is said
Nuch a funeral was never V 11 c> w n i II Madras, as old and yoiinK, rich and ixHir. Ivii^lish, l>;ii rasian.and na- tive, jjatliere<l ti)do lier hon- or, carryiiiK lier Ixxly on lluir slioul- ikrs to the I- e 111 e t e r y . NtrewiiiK her liier and fill- inn 111'' K^iive with flowers; benKint? the privileKt? to put ahoye her pravc an Indian stone, biarin^j this in- .scription: 'The Lord nave, the Lord taketlr away, blessed be the name of the Lord,' sayinK. 'She wa.s God's precious ^^ift to India.' "
Miss r.race Stephens, in April, 1.SS6, was ap- pointed to open native work. .Slie is an Ivurasiati, and by universal testimony uiie(|naled in South ^n-
MtiiH <;HAkk Srl:l'llr.Nfi
f)P^'^?^«»"l ^yj/mf'"^
fy/n.i.
H.\
dill in ht-r di'votion tad. niul kiuti'hs an a /.I'tiaiia worker. An OrpliaiiaKc wilh Htartfil with K*rlft who I'.iiiii' »ithiint ilothi'*. |iiiK'hi'(l ami starvi'd, mil kimwiiiK liiiw to rt'ad iir write, to xiiix, to UiiikIi or play, and with no i<lca wlio made tlu'in or whither they were K'>>"K' 'l'"-' assistant.s were constituted deacoiifHse-i by the South India Conference, and on the marriage of Miss Unfiles the entire responsi- bility rested upon Mi^^ Stei>lKll.s-()rphana).;e, three day-schools, a Cliri-<tian hoarding scIuhiI. five Sun- day-schools, and a larjje /.enana work. One of the schools is for hiKh caste llrahinan jjirls, who wear K'iiy dresses and many jewels. There were .seventy- seven of these K'rls on the roll, and the same num- ber in the poor school. Under Miss Stephens and her sister, Mrs. Jones, social reform advances by ^ leaps anil liounds. Hindu metlKKls and notions have been re\ iilntioni/ed by them to the extent that Hindu wives are treated wilh more consideration by their hnsbaiKls ; children are nurtured with more care than ever w.is bestowed on them before; intel- lectual cravings iiave been engendered; superstitions are iK-inn slowly shown the door: in fine, activity has taken the place ol slannalion, and moral and in- tellectual death have been dispelled by moral and intellectual life. The Work^las also broken down the walls of partition sejiaratinn Hindus and l';uroi)eans. NJiss Stephens bejjan about i8yo her annua! zenana parties, which have now become an established fact, a:;d the increasin;^ numbers that attend each year show a marked advancement in interest, which is ac- comiKinied by as much deli(;ht as our Christmas preparations. The first one wa.s attendt^d by over
344 IVoAfAy 's Foreign Missionary Socjety.
two hundred women, who inct loKi'thcT in hcr^pa*..^ cious drawing-room in Vepcry. At the one in 1893 over fonr hnndred accepted her invitations. As they all sat upon the floor, Miss Stepliens thought it was a sight Dishop Thoburn ought to see, and against „ the i>r(ile-tations of coworkers and friends, who feared tiie result, she stealthily sent for him, and took him right in among them. She says : " What side glances they shot at ns as we talked together, and / what lowering of heads, fi»r many of them are pur- ~ dah women and IJrahnians, who keep long distances from us in their homes. After a time they found out the Bishop was a human being, and I explained to them about him, and asked if they could not shake hands with such a man. Actually, more than a dozen women arose, and through the crowd made their way to the Bishop, and shook hands with him. It seemed too good to be true. It was a wonderful triumph for God. They were all free and happy, though he was in their midst. There were no bad results. Do you .see how our parties arc levehng caste — away up above the Brahman caste into the Christian caste.' The zenana party in 1894 was con- sidered the most successful event, really the greatest era, in the work. The usual prizes and gifts and Christma.s-tree were put aside, and a stereopticon en- tertainment by Mr. Jefferson resolved upoii. We can not realize all- that this involved. A man, the late- ness of the hour, a program, all were innovations. Over and over the people had to be seen, messages sent, and explanations made. Think of the task of visiting nearly five hundred people and presenting tile undertaking to them. Like the' eagerness pre-
India. 345
ccdiiiR the development of some great invention, Miss Stephens was not the only one interested, for as soon as tlie wonderful venture became known, the conjectures were that ' it would be a failure,' ' the women would not come,' 'this was too much to ex- pect,' and so on.
"The final day dawned which weuld decide either a total loilure or a umi"! success. The large drawing-room and adjoining apartments, hall-way, and two verand.is were crowded to their utmost ca- pacity with a company that was at once unique and interesting." Before being invited to the gardens, where the large stereopticon screen was hung, a wonderful program was announced. The names of the women were called, and the hymns, and different districts they live<l in were mentioned. When young Hrahnian girls, child-wives, despised widows, sang out in that mrge crowd, it meant a real testimony for Jesus. How it astonished all who heard it! Their women never sing out in such fashion. The singing that evening became the talk in all the zenanas. But the event of the evening was the exhibition of pictures. .-V Mohammedan woman told her people that "she saw everything that there is in the world." "She saw," she said, "buildings, animals, flowers, trees, men, women, the moon, stars, the sun, clouds, lightning; that there was nothing more for her to .sec now but God. If she saw him, her life would be finished."
Strange ceremonies had to be observed on account of such departures from usual customs. " Some .sat for certain hours each day in a tub of water, for cleansing from such contamination; others, to break
246 Woman's Foreign Missionary Society.
the charm, took a pill made of the hair and milk of the sacred cow mixed with other nameless ingredi- ents. Washing and sprinkling with lime-juice, pecu- liar nianners, beating the tomtom, and wearing the holy beads, were some of the many strange measures resorted to."
Thus step by step the progress has been gradual, but sure, in. breaking down «>iit(c customs, and in ad- vancing the kingdom of God.
A remarkable conversion occurred in Madras, in 1884, of a Hindu devotee, with several rSlcs — at CMie time disguised as a Mohammedan to encourage idol- atry among that class, tlijL'n a' dervish, again a Hindu, a mendicant, a fortune-teller in turn. For ten years' he plied this la.st vocation under a tree, about half a mile from the Methodist Publishing-house in Madras, where from a dozen to fifty or more persons daily con- sulted him as to their future. Miss Stephens began gi\*ing the man books and tracts, which led to his con- viction of sin and faith in Christ, when he surrendered to her his whole outfit — ten books on magic, one magic slate, three books written on sacred leaves, and bound by sacred threads, and was then baptized. We have read before how " many of tliem also, which used curious arts, brought their books together and burned them before all men, and they counted the price of them, and found it fifty, thousand pieces of silver." I'very means was u.sed by the magicians to recover the valuable books;'but Miss Stephens declined all money . ofters for them, and sent them to America to the Bal- timore Branch Secretary. She gave the man a Bible in exchange, and he now gives "true fortune out of that book."
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singapore.
There is a tinge of romance in connection with the opening of Methodist niissiolis in Singapore, un- der either Boards. Mrs. Oldham, whose husband opened the work and became its first Sujierintendent, became deeply interested in the women, and wrote to Mrs. Mary C. Nind, then Secretary of the Minneapo- lis Branch, appealinR for help. When she presented the "appeal to the Committee in 1885, there were no fnnds availal)le for new work; but, as Mrs. Oldham says, " The Lord laid Singapore on Mrs. Kind's heart, and as she mused the fire burhed, until it leaped to her lips on Thursday, November 5, 1885, in the mem- orable words that will go down into the history of the Malaysian Mi.ssion, ' Frozen Minnesota will yet, God helping her, plant a mission at the equator.' She then personally pledged $3,000 to commence the work." Miss Blackmore, of Australia, was appointed to the work, and began August 15, 1887, by visiting the women and opening a day-school for Tamil girls. Parents of other nationalities became interested, and their daughters were admitted, aad the name changed ti) Methodist Girl.s' School. For several years this . -school was hold in a small hou.sc funii.shed, rent free, by a Tamil gentleman. When it was full to overflow- ing, another Tamil collected subscriptions among his coimtrymen to buy land, and the Society put up a building for the .school. In 1894 there were ninety- five pupils enrolled. In -August, 1888, Miss Black-' more opened a Chinese girls' school in Telok Ayer, with eight children. In 1894 it had grown to thirty. The gharry goes about picking up a girl here and
J48 IVoAiAN's Foreign AfissioNARV Society.
another there, twisting up hills, then down streets and into lanes, before all the scholars are collected. Miss Blackniore has the joy of winning trophies from four Kastern races — Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and Siamese. The mission has been re-enforced since 1892 by Misses Ferris, Hebinger, and Foster. Miss Hebinger en- gaged in Rescue work in i«93, without support from the Society. In 1895 she was i«arried to Rev. E. T. Snuggs, manager of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. The Mary C. Niud Deaconess Home was ready in 189,^, and into it the workers with the twenty-four boarding-school girls moved.
The Society supports work in Penang, where a girls' school was opened in 1891. It now has sixty- five pupils. There is also there an Indian school of twenty pupils. Two infiiienlial Babu Chinese women have been converted, baptized, and Jtaken into the Church. In 1894 the Misses Blackmore and Ferris visited I'alenbang, in Southwestern Sumatra, whither a native Christian woman, a convert in Singapore, had gone before them, and told the story of Jesus and his love. Fverywhere tfliey met with eager listeners to the message, and bu\ers of the tracts and Scripture portions they took along.
PROTECTED NATIVE STATES.
Haiderabad. — The Protected States, of which there are about two hundred, are ruled by their own native princes, but under the protection of the British Government. The Society has work in several of them, including Haiderabad,' in the Nizam's Domin- ions, the largest and most imiJortant of all the native States, and this city, the strongest Mohammedan city
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in the world except Constantinople. There ore greater varieties of the human race here than else- where in India. Miss L. lilackmar, after sixteen years in Lucknow, and the North India Conference, was transferred, in 1S89, to the South India Conference, and appointed to open work ainoii); Urdu-speaking women and girls in Ilaiderahad, five hundred miles from any other of the Society's nii.ssionaries. It afforded an (*pi)ortunity for a pioneer woman to >{0 and possess all, medical work, school, vMage teaching, and zenann visiting, all in the name of the Lord. Miss Haefer was sent to a.ssist in 1891. In addition to the English Girls' School in their house, one for Marathi girls has beeu^opened in the heart of the city, and in other parts two schools for Mohnnunedau girls, and yet another of bright little Haiderabads.
Ha.st.\r. — Another feudatory or native Protected Slate is Hastar, concerning which very Ihtle has been known until recently. ^It is separated on the north- east from the Ni/am's Dominions by the Godaveri River. The country is not surpassed in India for beauty, but no one knows the Lord Jesus Christ. Nearly all the people are aborigines, Gondo or Kois the rest being Hindus. They are not ca.ste-bound. No Brahnians exist to prevent any possible and pro- jected advancement. The.se "wild people have no idol temples. In 1892, Rev. C. B. Ward, of the General SociotY, was led to explore this interesting field. He went again in 1893, stationing Dr. and Mrs. Batstone in Jagdalpnr, the capital. In 1894 he made a third trip, this tinie^-onducting a special expedition, con- sisting of the pre.siding elder of Haiderabad District,
159 Woman's Foreign Missionary Society.
of which Bastar formed a part, Miss lilackmar, and some native preachers. The presiding elder and Miss Blackiuar went by direct commission of Bishop Tho- burn. Tlie Government officials had held out every encouraKcment: They welcomed the missionaries, grants of land were easily secured, also village sites, by which self support will in time l)e made possible ; a share of all being offered the Society, five years' rent free, if buildings are put up and work begun in that time. lu the capital fifty acres has Ijeen secured the Society.
Mrs. Kmma Moore Scott, in the Indian Witness, writes concerning the wonderful expedition: "Under- taken when the thermometer registered iio° on the train, conducted tlirough a country infested by tigers, bears, and other wild animals, on the.se brave mission- aries went, up hill and down, through thick jungles, jolting over boulders, crossing steep-banked water course.s, creeping under low-hung branches that threat- ened to sweep off the unwary riders, encountering brush and scrub that thru.st their arms into, the path, inflicting lacerations on face and hands, and tearing clothing, fording broad rivers, threading dense for- . ests — such are a few of the difficulties encountered."
Dr. lirnsberger, after a brief rest at home, was transferred from Baroda to Sironcha, Bastar Province, and sailed August lo, i»95, for her new field. Dr. Emma Hodge left at the .same time for Baroda.
Baroda. — This is a walled city of about one hun- dred thousand inliabitants, and the capital of the in- fluential State of Baroda, under native rule. The Methodist Missionaries are the only ones there. The
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king is not opposed to Christianity. The mission- aries were kindly received. Miss Anna Thompson, who was already in the country, was accepted by the .Society in i8H,S, and found mucli encouragement in zenana and scliool work, visiting between forty and fifty homuti each week, sometimes in the royal family, and .sometimes among the very lowest. There were conversions among high-caste women the first year, and the work continued to grow until she was not able to enter nil the open doors. When the district Conference met in Baroda, the missionaries were so few tlie delegates all liad to board in one place. The Dewan (the King's Prime Ministct;) showed much kindly feeling by loaning them di^hes, lamjjs, a tent, chairs, etc. He al.so attended the reception given to Hishop Thoburu, and the temperance meeting^where he made a speech. The day after Conference he sent bullo -k-tarts and had all the native Christians taken to the iKdaces, and to all the other placta; of interest, and also sent state carriages for all the'Europeans to ^o siglit-.seeing. State elephants were sent two even- ings, and all that desired went out riding. As there was no minister there in i.Hy4, Miss Thompson was roponsible for everything, even to the burial of the dead, in the absence of the presiding elder. May I , I .S95, a large number of native Christians gathered in the church to witness her marriage to Rev. W. H. Stephens, of rffie Marathi Mission.'
MRTIIODS OK WORK.
Zknana VisiTiNt;.— Twenty-five years ago mis- sionaries would pass the closely-barred doors of the zenanas, wondering often who would roll away the
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252 IVO.V.hV'S F<>KEli.\ MlsSIi).\AKY SOCIETV.
Stone. Western ideas coiitiiiiiLd knocking until con- fused cries from within were henrd, and i)rayer set wide open the door for eager listeners to hear the story of the manger and the cross. There Viave been many encouraging things in zenana visitation, though the prejudice of the upper class hinders tlieni from ac- cepting tlie trutli in the ready way their poor sisters do. None can tell what saving results may come from the oft-spoken truth in hymn, prayer, and exhortation. The field is very wide, and much more might be done in these " hidden apartments of the women," if work- ers could be secured.
Greater attention of late has-been -paid to the women of Mohullas^)y Methodists, many of the mis- sionaries feeling directed to the very poor and de- pressi'd, who need all the help that can be given them. The ever-increasing Christian community has caused great changes in melliorls of work, and the mi.ssion- . aries, especially in the Northwest India Conference, iiad to face the (piestion of continuing to give their time and thought and- means to the possible few in the zenana, or of giving themselves to teaching and developing those who ha\e come out of heathendom, that they be not known as bajiti/ed heathen. Much of the zenana work has been tr.uisferred to other mis- sions, so that the Bible w omen and teachers may teach the Christian women and children.
BinLiC Women. — \n the early days of mi.ssions the Bible woman was not. She is the product of years of patient to^l. It was necessary first to win her from allegiance to heathen gods; then to teach her to read the Bible, to understand its truths, to imbibe its spirit,
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ami to shape her lite by its laws. TIku came years »)f spiritual growth and of iiurca.se iii numbers, until now th^' BiWe woman is rccognizid as an important factor in mi^sionary^work. The Society employs over 625 Bible woflieu.who K" i"to f'C zenanas, and sing sweet soiifjs about the love of God for women as well as for men, about the sinless Chri.st and his redeem- inj,' death. After that it is not easy for everything to remain as before. In Lueknow, during the i)ainlu! cxperiemes of the famine in !»;«, Miss lilackmar, the superintendent of the zenana work, ceased the leguljir^ work of the Bible women, and, with the money sup-" plied by the municipality, carried on a lar>,'e " Keliel " work, teaching and furnishing such kinds of work as coidd find a market. The Government put on record its hi.uh ap])reciation and cordial recognition of the .service rendered.
Vii.i.AGK Work.— The manner of carrying on village work is to gather the people together in some place an<l give them religious instruction. Sometimes stories are read from the BiMe, sometimes told in the teacher's own words, and then in a plain, .simple way, always applied as lessons for the everyday life of us all. Bluijain (hymns) are always sung, and if not fully understood by the listeners, are simply explauied. Many of the people in the villages, especially those of the higher caste, as Brahman-* and Fakirs, are among the best'aud nio'-t interested listeners. It is very dif- • ficnlt to eslinuUe the numl)er who are under instruc- tion ; but the villages mount up into the thousands. Miss I'helie Rowe, accompanied by "Caroline Mama," itinerates around a good ileal among the villages. It
J54 l-l'''(m.i.\ '.s FoRKiaN Missionary Society.
is not uncommon for n wiman to have charnctof one Inmdrod villaKvs in wliicli native Christians live.
M()iu'i.i..\. — The molnilla is the home of the.])oor and the outcast. They are the l)acksiunis, and are far from Xiwxf, pleasant places. They are low, wind- ing, unsanitary, and uninviting. vSlill tlie Lord's work and children are there, and many listen gladly to the teaching of the Christian religion; even tliongh tired and"\veary from early dawn until noon, they willingly give three hours after that to being taught. There are many conversions and baptisms among them after due instructTou and preparation. In tlie North India Conference alone, in 1894 there/ were 894 mohuUas visited.
Mei.AS. — Visiting- heathen nu-las (a kind of fair and religious festival), where hundreds of thousands of people gather, has become another agency for evan- gelistic work. The Chri.stiau women sometimes pro- claim the" gospel from the steps of heathen tem- ples. The\' sell books and give away tracts to many people to wh<)|||*ialvation's story has never been told. Sometimes the^Kuigeli.sts gain more attention from the crowds than |l^ the Hrahinans, who are present to teach and to receive their offerings.
The Christians have established 'melas of their own. At the Chandausi Christian Mela, in North India, in i,S9i two meetings were held expressly for Hindustani women. The wife of a native presiding elder was appointed chairman, and, upon her ntotion, a .secretary was elected. The business went fol^vard iu the mo.st ordtrly manner. The mela in iSgdIiliad
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ISDIA. 2,S5
over 2,200 Christians fiicaiiii)c(l on the grouii<l, in ad <lition to a goodly nunihcr of visitors. There were over 3c» testimonies Sunday nu)rning at tlie love-feast.
HOMIv 4'OR HOMELESS WOMEN.
In a land of many houses and few Ironies, of many beiiiKlited, sin-laden women, and few to lift up and help, this Home for Homeless Women in Luekiiow supples a very great need. Among tlio.se who have heen admitted, a very lew, tiring of the restraint of Chri.sliati influenee, have left the Home; hut Chris- tian love and kindness usually rules, and these poor women, Used only to harshness, want, and nii.sery, have slu»wn their gratitude for kiiulness in the way in which their hearts have been touched aiul won, and with their hearts their whole lives have been changed. There are otlurs from a better class of society, ICu- rojieans and Kurasians; .some to be lifted out of the bondage of strong drink, some from the opium habit, some from immoralitv, and sonie have come only be- cause they have wanted a Christian home ami pro- tection.
In 1S92, there were eight blind women, some of whom could read the raised-t\pe books. They are able to cook and knit, and help themselves a good deal. All are Christians, ^[iss lilackmar superin- tended this Home luitil i,SK9, .seven years after it was ojiened, when she was transferred to South India, and Miss Sullivan succeeded her.
WIDOWS' HOME.
For some years a Widows' Home w;us carried on in East Shahjehaupore, but it was discontinued in 1X90.
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256 Woman 's Fore/cn MrssioNARV SocrETV.
MI'DKAl. lIOMi;.
The Medical .School at Ajjra is not distinctively missionary, but is lar)j;cly under Methodist niaiia>;e- nient ; and from the be^inninji; of Kirl"* enlerinj; tlie soliool, there has been a Christian home for the med- ical students.
ni-;AcoNi':ss iiomi;s.
The deaconess lias appeared in India, and in 189.^ there were six Homes, with eighteen workers, besides twelve others outside of Homes. Tliese Homes are lonited in Calcutta, where Mrs. Hishop Thobnrn opened the work; in Luckuow, Muttrji, Madras, Pith" oraj;arh, and Siut;apore. A missionary deacones.s is employed by and res|)onsible to the Society. Like other missionaries, she receives her apjiointment from the IJishop, and goes where, in his judgment, the needs of the work demand. .She agrees to certain limitations in the matter of dress and support, the former consisting of a neat gray dress— in summer a while one — and a black bonnet trimmed with gray ribbon; the support is estiiiuitetf at nine hundred ru- pees (ecpiivalent to about $350). ' In Muttra a new building was put up on purpose in 1889, for which \V. K. Blackstonc, of Chicago, gave $5,000 as a me- morial tt) his parents, and for the training of native workers. In Jainiary, 1K.S9 at the C<mfervuce, Miss Sparkes, returned from Aniehtu^ was appointed to es- tablish and superintend this Training-school and Dea- coness Home. During the first two years twenty-two students were in attendance from sixteen different .sta- tions. There was introduced a thorough course of study, comprising about what is taken in the Chicago
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ISDIA. 2S7
• TrainiiiR-school, cxcBptiiijf tlie medical lectures; these tlicy wire not !il)le tcNiave. They also have a thor- ough course of Hindi, Urdu, and Bengali, and are taught methods of work with practical training, be- sides having the rare instruction of Mrs. Ivinnia Scott in teaching music. A course of nionthly lectures was carried out in iNi/j, treating such sulijects as Hindu Mythology, Practical Christian Ktliics, Kinergencies with the Sick, etc. In i.Sgv we learn: "The Training- .scluxjl was subjected to a most thorough examination ill Scriiitiire History and Geography, Hible ICvidences, I'ropliecies and their Fulhllmeiit, besides a written ex- am iiiation on the first ten books of the Old Jestanient. The Gospel and Acts of the Apostles, with forfTof the Mpistles, do.sed a most thorough examination."
The Board of lulucatioii desire the older jjiipils of the boarding-.schools to avail themselves of the oppor- tunities afforded by this school, not only in intellect- ual and spiritual, but in practical training for zenana work. Miss Sparkes returned home in i.Syi.aiid l>rs. McDowell and Sheldon in turn cared for the work until, in iSy";, Miss Sullivan was transferred from the Lucknow Home, as superintendent of Muttra, to be assisted by I'hcbe Rowe, the two young I.idies of the I''ritiids' Mission, Miss Fi.stler and Mi.ss Baird, remain- ing in Lucknow. The remaining Homes are super- intended as follows : I'ithoragarh by Mi.ss Buddeii, Calcutta by MLss Maxey, Singapore by Miss Ferris, and the latest (built in 1895), at Darchula, by Dr. Slieldoii.
Missionary Societik.s. — As early as 1871 Mis- sionary vSocielies were organized in India among the 17
h-
258 IVOAf.tA 'S FORF.IGN MlSS/ONARV SOCIETY.
Kirls ill the Harcilly Orphaiianf, and tlie native Cliris- tiaii wotmn. There are now forty of these Societies in one Conference alone, which jjave in 1X94 over 925 rupees into the treasury" 187 of tliis aniouiit a special ofTering for the Silver Anniversary Knn<i, the reinain- iler to be expended as designated. Some of it was ap- propriated to h)cal Sunday-school work ; 220 rupees to the Home for Homeless insl^ucknow; 177 to an Or- phanage; other amounts to school, village, and local work. Monthly missionary meetings are held regu- larly, the women and girls studying diflferent coun- tries as missionary centers, writing essays 911 different topics, and carrying on all the meetings/in a proper manner. In some cases, for the Silver Anniversary, they used a translation of the same program prepared for use in this land.
Womhn's Coni'ERKNcks. — At the .se.ssion of the Annual Conference the missionary women, married and single, began in 1871 to meet in a council of their own, and tliis has grown in the lapse of years into a most important bod\ , with a four years' course of study and examinations, which publishes its own Min- utes and reports, and maintains all the forms of a per- manent organization. When the Central Conference^'- became a matter of history, the women sent delegates from their three Annual Conferences to meet with them at the same time and place. Tlie District Con- ference i.s not to be confounded with a presiding elder's di.strict. It is numerically stronger than an Annual Conference, and is more largely for the ben- efit of native workers. It has a course of .study adapted to the humblest /.eiiana worker or Bible
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reader, and tliorouuli ixamiiiatioiis. Vlie native Clirisliaiis have been known to make a sX'ven days' march to attend one of these District Cdnferences, and that, too, over rongh Himalaya roads — on foot, seventy five miles! They have papers, and discus- sions, and reports. Sometimes, too, a woman pre- sides wiio has spent the kjrcater part of lier life iu a Mohuniniedan home !
Otiikr Kinds of Work.— The work of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union has been a blessing to many. A Hindustani Branch has been organized in Cavvnpore, with native women for offi- cers, and another in the Northwest Provinces, with Mrs. Lawsoii as President. ' ThtTe are many circles of King's Daughters-^girls who wear tli& little silver cross, and know what it means. A flourishing branch of the Young Woman's Christian Association has been in active service for three years, which is also officered !>)• native women, and many of them were trained by this Society. While these are all, as in this country, ni^de up of Christians under various denominations, Methodists have their per cent iu them all. There are many Kpworlh Chajjlcrs in India. An Ejjworth League Convention tor the whole emi>ire was held in Lucktiow in October, 1893, in which some of the students of the girls' schools took part. Some of the I'lpworth League Conventions have six hundred young peo])le in attendance, of both sexes. In i,Sy4 they sent to this countrj- for one thousand charters, to meet the growing demands of the work consequent upon the great ingathering in Northwest India. In 1892, Uishop Thoburn, at the
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260 WOMAS 'S FOHEIGN MiSHIONAKY SOCIETY.
General Conference, rcporled a Christian connnnnity in India.uf not kss than fifty l1iou*an<l souls, niul a int.nil)crshii>, inchulin>j full nieinhers and pfobn-' tioncrs, of over thirty thonsaiul. "All throiiKh these past four years \v^ have had iui(uiriT.s loiiiiut; to us in steadily increasinK numbers, and the latest advices in- dicate no signs of waning interest. We now receive more converts in a month than we used to receive in a decade.' The sun which rose upon yon this morn- ing went down \ipon fifty converts on the other side of the globe, who had just exchanged the worship of idols for the service of the 'living God, and every day you tarry here will witness the ingathering of fifty more. When \ return to my field, I shall expect to greet ten thousand new converts — men and women wlio were worshiping idols four months ago — as con- fidently as I shall expect to find the niouijtains in their places, or the stars keeping watch in the .silent heavens. God is truly doing great things in our midst, and we call upon the whole Church to rejoice with us in the signal tokens for good whicli he is giv- ing U.S."
The Society carries on the work in the new North- west India Conference as vigorously as the means at command permit. It has 54 day-sdiools, with 700 girls; I English and vernacular school, with 78 pupils; 105 Sunday-schools, where 3,500 children are taught; I medical school, with 15 students; and 115 Bilde women, who carry the Word of Life into the homes of the people; 6.S7 women are learning to read, and ,1.974 other women are under religious instruction, of whom over ^,400 are Christian, the others Hindus and Molrammedans. Three boarding-schools were started
India. 261
in 1892; one at Ajmere, the "Avery, "fuiiilh for which were ct)iilril)ute(l by Mrs. Avery, of the Topeka Branch; another at Mcerut, the "Howard Plesled," due to the timely gifts of Mrs. W. Plcstcd, of Den- ver; a third at Aligarh, the corner-stone of which bears this inscription: "Louisa Soules (Jirls' Hoard- ing-school, i»94," Mrs. Soules, of Michigan, having given $6,000 to found it. A memorial bell to little Arthur Ninde Potts, the five-year old .son of Dr. Potts, of the Michigan Christian Advocate, was provided for this school by the children of the Advocate, and after bcautifidly ilnpressive dedicatory services at North- ville, Michigan, September 25. >>'95. it was sent oil its way to India, with the prayer that when its eloquent lips are touched by its fitting tongue, there shall .sound forth in svwet and loving vibrations its coniniand- atory insci'iption, "Little children, keep yourselves from idols."
'ffW«W*W^«?*Ti™~^^
Chaptrr XI.
CHINA.
Commenced in 1847 Woiiiiiii's work coniiiifnoiil in 185S Woiuan's l-'iirrign Missi<)nar> S<K-iity t-iMnnK-ncftl work 11^ 1M71 .Norlli Cliinu \\ oniuii's work 1^71 Ciiitriil CliiiiM, 1S72 — Wfst Lliin.i, iHSj -DincuMlinuid in 1S.S5- Kioptiiid in iSy4.
Ft)OCH()\V.— Bfforu the Society was orKatii/.ed, work w.is Ix'Kiiii ill China l)y tlit wives of the Parent Hoard Missionaries. The lamented death of Mrs. Jane Isabel White, wife of one of the first two Method- ist missionaries to China in 1H47, which occurred a few months after the mission was opei'.-d, prevented the execution of plans for the benefit of Christian women in which she was so thdroUKhly interested, and for the carrying; out of which she was so admirably qualified. In January, 1848, a day school was opened by Mrs. H. C. Maclay, yvith ten girl.s, and continued seven years, with Mrs. Iv C. Gibson as as,sociate the last few years, Aniong other women who did pioneer work were Mrs. Nellie M. lialdwin, whose career of u.seful- ness soon terminated, Mrs. E. Iv. Baldwin, Mrs. Sites, Wheeler, and Lowry. Mrs. Baldwin and Mrs. Sites also did much for the workers at home in making them ac(iuainted, through the Jhnl/iin Woiiian^s Friend, with China and the Chinese. But prior to any efTort being put forth, the brethren were deeply convinced that China could not be fairly .started on the [)ath of progress until the daughters of the land were enlight- ened and elevated, and lliat there was little hope for 26J
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*• China. 363
• the rapid and permnnt'iit spread of Christianity until
the women were reaclietl and powerfully influenced by tlie gospel. Ordinarily the women did not come to the chapels, and the men were not allowed to see them ill their homes. Hence, tlie brethren highly approved of the orKanization of the Society, and hailed it with delight, and placed on record in the Minutes of the I-'oochow Mission in 1H70, their pledged cooperation. When enfeebled health and pressure of domestic duties made it impracticable for the ladies of the Mi.ssion to continue day-scliools, the Mi.ssion at once took ad- vanced action with regard to the subject of the educa- tion of women, and sent .stirring ap])cals to the Board of Managers of the Mis,sionary Society, and to the Ladies' China Missionary Society, which resulted in the latter appropriating $5,000 for suitable buildings for a school, and in the former sending out the Mis.ses Sarah and Hculali Woolston.
•On November 28, 1859, they opened the first Meth- odist Ciirls' Boarding-.school' in China. For days only one girl came, then a few others came; all must be paid something, until at the close of the year, though fifteen had been admitted, only eight remained. Such an accumulation of obstacles, sucfi a combination of hostile elcme'its might, to le.s.s courageous spirits,' have seemed hopeie.ss to continue the .struggle. On the 9th of March, 1862, one of the pupils was baptized and received into the Church. This was the first fruit of a harvesti of .souls .since reaped from the school.- In 1866 the enrollment was twenty-.six, of whom eight were Church members. Two finished the five years' course and went back into heathen homes, but with the light of the gospel shining in their hearts. In
264 IVo.n. i.v "s FoKS/ox A//ss/(W.i/ir Soc/STy.
January, 1869, in conseciuence of impaired health, the sisters returned on a visit to the United States. J«i December, 1871. they went liaek to Foochow, un- der the new Woman's I'oreinii Missionary Society, and resumed the care of tlie Haltimore Female Acad- emy. Duriii); their al>seiice of three years, Mrs. S. Moore .Sites had char>;e of the school, and devoted her- .self with marked fidelity and success to the super- vision of its interests. An appropriation of Ji3,o(X) was made to enlarge and improve the hnildin^j. The administration of the school aimed at making lahor lionorahle; and ornamental needlework, housework, and hal)its of cleanliness, industry, thrift, and piety were taught, besides writing, geography, arithmetic, and astronomy. They studied the Hil)le more than anything else. In 1.S77 there wire thirty-one pupils, three of whom were pupil teadurs. Fourteen were members of the Clnireh. Thirty three girls had grad- uated from the scho<il .since the beginning, of whom six were teaching day-schools, and one was studying medicine. After six years of work under the Society, the Misses Woolston again came home, and left the school a second time with Mrs. Sites. Tlie Cliinese betrothal .sy.stem allows the girl no choice in a hus- band, only accpiicscence; but the foundlings had no one but the missionaries to attend to that: and what a "new departure" it must have been when four young men from the Theological School actually wooed and won four young women in this boarding-.school! Hut ley were required to wait two years until the girls .lad finished the course; then came the busy days of preparation. One of the young men brought Mrs. Sites $50 as the amount set apart by his family for his
Llll\A. 265
betrothed, and he wanted to jjive it to the school. Tliis slie refused to take under the cirtunistances, Iml allowed liini the privilege of speiidint; it on the little lady's trousseau. The same privilege -.vas granted the others, and from four to six weeks was spent in dress- making and jewelers' work, which was attended with exactness, although the parties never spoke to each other. Karly on the morning of June 26. 187'), four red bridal-chairs were wailing at the <loor of the .school-house; the last touches were put upon the toilets of the fmir young brides, they were closed in their chatsa, and while the church bell rang a merry peal, they were carried to the church, and placed Side by side, facing the altar. ICach bride was led to her place, when she was immediately joined by the bride- groom. The custon\ of keeping closely veiled, and this being a (piadruple wedding, some uneasiness was felt by the grooms lesl a mistake would be maile. Hut instead of the usual heavy red flannel plaid, Mrs. Sites had provided a rose-colored net which was ex- ceedingly becoming. No mistake was made. Kach young jireacher was married to the right girl, when they left for their new homes, froin fifteen, to two hundred and forty miles away, to become centers of Christian influence. Toward the close of the year 1879, there was another conquest, another corona- tion—not in life, but in death. A sweet young girl of seventeen died. A short time before her death she gave her cash— a string of bright, large cash .she had been collecting for years, and greatly prized— to the Society.
New educational methods were introducett, under the approval of the Mission, including the study of
266 Woman's foKsn^y A/iw/njv.i/ty SociETr.
V,»^\\s\\, tlic Chinese classics, iiiu.hIc, and other nccom- plishments. Mrs. Siles turned tlie scliool over to the Misses Woolston <m their retitrii in iKHo; Ixit tliey did not ai)i)riive, and would not adoj)t, tlicsi' new meas- ures, and retired from the work, with the highest op- preciation and esteem o( the missionaries of all Hoards represented in China, and of the Society with which they had been so long identified. They laid deep foundations, and during a (|iiarler of a century great changes had been brought about. I)ay-S(.'hools had been opened in the contiguous villages— holes in the dark, that shall one day make this whole system of lieathenisni fall to pieces ; Hible women's training .schools had been oyened, medical work introduced; and now the native Churcli desired more advanced training. The Society had received a most remark- able document from the native preachers, asking for the higher education of the women and girls, and pleading for it with an elo(|uence and wealth of illus- tration thoroughly Oriental. In December, 1883, these pioneers once more, and for the last time, turned their faces homeward. Mrs. Sites had preceded them in iHSi.and for a time the school was carried on by Kev. Sia Sek Ong and the wives of the uii.ssionarics. Then the Franco Chinese war came, and the school was broken up. In the fall of 1884 it seemed as though a new beginning had to be made. When Misses Jewell and iMsher reaclie<l Foochow, Novem- ber r;, i,S84, there were only seventeen girls in the .scliool. During the year there was an advance made all along the line, not only in numbers to forty-six, but in a higher standard of scholarship, a better classi- fication, greater neatness in apparel and rooms, a
•■4.V
•TmfWfmff^rW •
China.
267
higher iiiorni standard, and increased spiritunlity. The school wns (;radcd in 18.S7, and Miss llonafield, in iSH.s, took charge of the woman's school, and Miss Hartford took Miss Jewell's place in the boarding- school dnriiig her ahseiice. An evvnt of great im- portanif was the purchase of iitw property, for wliich $ii,o(x) hail been appropriated. Ivarly marriages in- terfered with higher education; but notwithstanding the many who left, a class of six in 1K90 graduated, having finished the eight years' course. One returned for po.'^tgraduate work, three were employed as teach- ers, one studied medicine, and one became the wife of a young preacher. During those years there had been much mental and spiritual growth to encourage the toilers. In iMijo, Miss Sites took charge of the Music Department, and the name of Jesus and the story of his love, set to some sweet melody, was hymned out from native lips, promjitcd by a heart of gratitude, that must have made vSatan's kingdom tremble. That year Miss Kishcr became Mrs. Hre\v8- ter. In 1893 there was an enrollment of 105. and the ccmrse of .study was lengthened to ten years. Two hundred and fifty different girls had been in the .school during the ten years of Miss Jewell's snperiutend- ency, twenty of whom became teachers, and ten had studied medicine. Then she had to reliiKpiish her place and work, and come home with impaired health, leaving her heart's center in Cl\i0a. She has counted nothing too great an offering for the upbuilding of the -school. Miss Bonafield, Tier a.ssociate .since 1888, and her congenial and able assistant, Miss Wilkinson, took charge in 1S9S. and will carry out tlie plans already made until better ones are found. April 6, 1895, they
a68 Woman's FoKKitiN AfissioNAur Society.
uiuved into the new buitditiK, mid (.omiuciiced the Ihirly fi/l/i year of this .school.
All uiipri'tedfiitt'd ri-\ ival w.isciijovcd ill Foochow ,iii 1M94, whc-ii probably 2,(xx) coiivi'its witc received into the Chunli.
HlMi lIwA. The seciiiid lioMrdiiig-school in tlie l"o(a-h()wC"infereiue was opened in lliii); Hwain iHyi, ealliil ihe " H.iniiltnn Ciirls' llonrding-schcxd." Its Kri>\\lh has lueii remarkable. Fifty pupils were re- poiteil at the end of the second year, and this, too, with an entrance examination re(|t^ired, nithongh n luinibcr were received in the Primary Department from [ilaces where there were no day-.schools. Many of the girls were converted ; twenty-eight joined the Church on probation, of whom twenty-'uie were re- ceived into full membership in 189V Upworth and Junior Leagues are maintained. Mrs. Urewsler de- voted her best energies in carrying forward tlie work until in 1892, when Miss Wil.son was .sent out.
KfCHENC. — This school was 0|>ened in March, 189.1, with twenty-five choice girls in attendance, who were selected from the day-schools in the district. It became at once a very promising school. The interest of the Christian people in it was most touchingly shown by their coming long distances to attend the examina- tions, and by their prayers so constantly ascending for its highest .success.
HoKCiiiANi;.— In 1894, an appropriation was made for a fourth Oirls' Hoarding-school in the Foochow Conference, to be opened in Ilokchiang, the scene of Miss Trimble's reinarkabli} cvai\|gclistic labors.
'll»T!^f5r-frrrWf'»f«*T^*!K^^ ; "^
China. 169
lir KINC. I'.NC.
In iHH4,thcri- voluntarily came to this country from China a Christian youuR lailv, ciKhtcen years of aKC and not yet bctrollK<l, whose personal history has lieen iiuntioiKil earlier in this volume. The family of her grandfather was the second which tnibraced Chris- tianity nearly lorty years au" Her grandfather, a military niand.irin of some rank, was also a soldier for Jesns and died a Christian. He left to the Methodi.Ht Church a legacy of six sons, the second of whom, Rev. Hii VouB Mi. the father of Miss llii, was known throuKhiint the Church as the " Johannian " |)reachtr. He was one of (he first iliiss of .seven native preachers ordained elders at the ornani/alion of the Foochow Conference by Hishop Wiley in iH;?, antl was at one time elected the reserve delegate to General Confer- ence. He was n pillar of strength in the Church in China, because of his piety and wisdom and literary ability ; having withal, .lu elo(|U<iit tongue, whii h, in the ardor of pulpit oratory, brought to his fine six foot physi(|uc a princely l)earing. At noon on Friday, June 30, iH<;3, he died of consumj)tion, and, dressed in bv-autiful, snow white .satin garments, he was laid to rest.
The' mother of Mi.ss Hii is a lady brotight up in the polite society of the higher cla.ss of Chinese life, and wears an embroidered shoe only three inches in length. Hut with the experience which conies to a noble-minded Christian woman in thirty 'years as the wife of a Metliodi.st itinerant — in privations oft, and in persecutions beyond the power of |)en to narrate — she has become a model wonniu among her people.
,«|Hli'IHip«l'l,t'" "'«>!"". •"g^lF^^fmv^'''V!WY- : ^'rflBy
270 WOif A.y'.S FOKHIUN MlSMOWiKY SociKir.
di-vdtui in a rctiiurkable decree to lur faiinly and llie Metlu>.li'4t Church
Kiii){ Isiig i> till' Hccoiid (hiiiKhUr ol 11 luiiiily of five childrLMi. Ult lirothir, older, is an ordained pnai liiT. She has two >i-.tcri youiinfr than hi-rsclf, and a bruthch fortiiniK a most loving, happy I'aniily.
And now tlie ttratiKcst part of all thi.s family hi.s- tory is, that KinK Ivnn should thus sever licrst-lf from all tlu'si' tender home ties to seek an education in a rorei({ii land to fit her to return to her home a^ain, carrying' healiiiK to the l)o<lie.s and joy to the hearts of the sufTerinK mothers and daughters of her native land. After n literary course in Delaware, Ohio, she entered the Woman's Medical College in I'hiladelphia, and took a thoroii^'li training in medicine and surgery, including a year of |)ostgra(luate study and hospital experience, and is now a thoroughly-ijualified medical missionary.
King Hng was hapti/.ed in infancy by Dr. S. L. Baldwin. During lier ten years' stay in thi.s country she never laid aside her native dress. vSlie w.is per- mitted to go home once, which was a matter of great comfort to her and her sick father. Her expeii.ses have been met by special directions and private bene- factions. She expects so<m to sail for her native
Foochow.
men CLASS Si:.MIN'.\KV.
Mrs. Ahok, the daughter of a mandarin, and widow of a princely merchant, who is actively engaged iy all Christian work, was solicited to lend her influence in 189,1 in establishing a school for high-class natives (non-Christians^, a class hitherto unreached. These girls, daughters of wealthy mandarins, ex-mandarins,
->w«5i-5r,-^'T'TT?ri'':7T' ^- 'tT'i^wT'vw f^
China. 171
ur oflfic-iTH of various rniik, iiml also of litfrnrv mii- tk-tiii'ii iliKil>lc lo eiricic'tit rank, coiilil not, il llioy df«tiri-il il, l>c uiluiittcil to tlu' l-'ooiliow boardiiiK- W.I100I, hi-caUM; of its rule iinaiust ImiuikI WvX. Tlicy woiilil live and die for ci-nturiis to (onic witlioul Christ and without fducation rather than \ iild the custom of foot liindiuK, their tuurk of gentility. Miss Sites had iK-en inipresik^d with a desire that such as tliisc shoiilil have the (,'<)»j)el also, and though meet- inn "'•'' so'i'i' opposition, succeeded in opening the setnniary in Marih, iHyV II is located in a part of u house occupied hy a wealthy cx-niaiidarin's family. The women of this same rank came in crowdx to sec the foreii;n lady, and Miss Sites was invited to their different homes, and llierehy h.id an opportunity to give the ^{ospel in all its love an<l comfort to those who had never before even heard the name of Jesus. A very complete course of study was laid out, inclu<l- inj; poetry and composition; so thai from the most critical point of view they can he called educated. I'linht Were eiirulKil the first war. aiid ten the .sfcond. These students pay their own way. The examina- tion-, in i,Si).i were attended hy over thirty liiuh class womi n from the city and vicinity, and many of China's caste Ix'Und M\U are looking toward this school with l<)n);iii^; hearts. Before tlie second year closed, all liut four had liecii received into the Church, and two of these were Church mend)ers. They began the study of the Bible and our hymns at the very beKiiminR. This is the cla.ss of people in China^ who have power and influence. The school has shown itself an aneiit in overcoming pride and self rijjhteousness in .several of the homes; and the welcome accor<led Miss Sites
871 tyoMAJV '5 FOKKICM MlSStONAMY SOCIKIY.
nii<l luT Uac'liiiiKH ill it is ovirioiiiiiiK iIh' Miiiersii-
tiuut iVarH of tlic coiiniioii |m;()|iIc. Thus the rich have
the |{UH|K-I, too.
MKS. AIIUK.
Mr. Ahok wa.<t the ChriMtiiiii merchant who getier- otisly j{iivt.' ;^io,<K)oli) (omul our An)>l>> Chitit-Mi- Col- let;*^ in l''(K)cliow for boys, while he was yet a heathen; but he liked ChriMtianity, went to church sometimes, and saiil " he knew the doctrine is true, and the preachers are Rotxl." He was subsequently converted in this same school. Mrs. Ahok is the second wife, his first wife hnviiiK died. After this marriage he took up his residence in a very fine yamen, or Chinese house, besides which he also hatl an elegant KuKli.sh house, furnislieil with carpets, pictures, piano, and e\erytliinK re<iuired for the reception and convenience of his foreij;n visitors. In these two houses he and Mrs. Aliok (lispen.sed the most generous hospitably. He (-ave a feast to Ilishop Bowman when visiting Foochow, when all the latest arrivals among mission- aries, with others, were invited to meet him. They sat down to a luncheon of fourteen courses, .served in silver dishes, with cups and spoons, as follows:
l'i«-tiiail Jellv mill Iluck Liver. KoaHt l-'owl iiikI Iliiiii. S.ilted I'i«-feft an<l rrawii». I'reservi'd Iv){K ami SaiisaKe. Ilir<liu-Ht anil riKroii-efiK- ."^liark I'iii ami Crati Ronsl I'at Uuck.
Ilakfil Ciillle fisli. Roast riR-liver.
Frii'il I'lit-asant. Cliirkm Soup.
Stuffiiit; Itreail. Alnionil Tea.
SpriiiK Rolled Cake. Sponge Cake.
Melon Seed ami Alnioml. Pretcrved I'ruits. I'resh I'ruits.
C/n\.i. i7.^
Mrs. Aliok, within a yviir nfU-r her huK))aiul He- came a Clirisiiiiii, l)ct'aiiii- si iimM earnest, loving, w"rt- inK <liH('i|>le ol' Cliii-.l, rt-iuly tn deny herself and Iiear the croHs in ways most trying to a Chinese lady. In her own hmise, for iier family and larjje retinue of servants, slie condiic-ted a weekly praycr-ineetinij;, Mr. Ahok sending to I)r S. L. Kaldwiti for a small orKaii for iwe in this strvii-e. Mr. Ahok conducted a like service with his tiiii)loyees in his counting room, and "remciiiUcred the Salil)atli day to keep it holy," though at Kieat cost in his secular business. In 1HH7, Mr. Ahuk went to SiuKai'orc, to Honjj Konjf, to Anioy, and I'ormosa, spcndin); ahoiit five inoiiths. He went to the jails aii<l |)ris<)iis to preach to the heathen al)oul the gospel of Christ. I'Uirly in 1K90, Miss llradshaw, of the Church of MiiKlaiid Zenana Jrlissiouary Society, went home to luiKhiud to recruit her health. Mr. Ahok had for some lime Ik-cii bur- dened with a desire to visit Ivii;;laiid or America, in order to impress upon Christian people the need of more missionaries. So be jiroposed to his wife to a'c- coiiipaiiy Miss Bradshaw, and in two days the brave little lady had inade up her mind to go and plead with the Women of luiglaiid to have mercy upon the women of China. She said ; " I can not think why more Chris- tians do not come to China; it mu.st be bccau.se they do not know how our women are dying." During four mouths Mrs. Ahok pleaded the cause of her sis- ters before great audiences in C.reat Britain and Ire- land—speaking one hundred times in ninety days. Hers was no ordinary mission ; for never before had a lady belonging to the ancient aristocracy of the Em- pire of China cros.sed the ocean to appear before the iK
'"F^^i^STT
274 lyoM.iJV's FoKKir.N Mi\si(>.\Aky Sncn:iy
HritiKli inililic, nnd the little. v.vn\\v, intiiliKnit woniiiii fonml atti-iili\c and rrsixm^ixf listi'iurs nn slu- toUl tlu-iii, lliroiiKli :iii iiilfr|inlfr, tin- iariu-<l wish nl her heart.
()m- ilay Mr>. Alii>k was pasMii^ a larKc Kiisoioeti"'^ in the suhurhs, mul iii(|iiire<l what it wns. Ilir luiKlish friend explained that it was a reservoir ol' was liir liKht inK the London streets Tllen she wislied to know how it^w.is ^rol out of lliis KsijMiir totlie lamps. She was tiiTd It was 1>> means of many pipes laid aloiij; the roail. "(). my <lear friend," she said, "is not linnlnnd like (his nasinneter, a hix reservoir of nospel li^ht.and nn jHupleare perishing in the dark in far awav China .' Can not yon lUi for Ciod s linlit what yon do with >i>nr Kas, l.iy it on to tho.se distant plaees. and let them
^ al.so rejoiee in that lisht that you have so plentifully
I in this lingland so favored l>y (io<l ?"
Mrs. Ahok's return home was precipitated liy the iiilelli^enie of the serious dliuss of her hushand. She did not arrive in I'oochow until Se]itenit)er Mil, several days after his death. Relatives and fricnd.'4 met her at the mouth of the Min Kiver. in her hushand's house- boat. Dr. Sites amonj; them, whi> liroke to lier the sad news. She sat lil^e a statue Tor some time, then ut- terly broke down. " If I eoulil only see him ome more and tell Him all 1 have done in Kn(>lancl," slie jdain- tively said.
Pi; KiNi..— At the first General I^xecutive Committee meeting in Hoston, !f.vx) was ap])ropri:ite<l for China, to be divided e<|ually anions I'oochoxr, I'ekinK, and Kiu kiang. I'reeeding this, Mrs. I.owry, wife of one of the I'arenl Board missionaries, had formed the nu-
^.-■^'tM^:.
"■W,W"*'5'tr^^'^^' ^ ' 'sr^^lry-yrf ■'■^'^^'ffri^^'rw'
CHIHA. it,
cIciiH III a Kii'l'^' ^i^hiMi' ill I'l'kiiiK l>y iiHNiitiiiii^ tin- Mip port of twii little nifl". <l.ni;;iiti'rs ol ii nirvant In her eiii|ilii\ . lint I'ailiiiK to reci-ivc niti lioin luiiiic fur a wliool, K-'ve tlitiii ill iliarm' '" M'>'y I'orti r. of tlu- Anicrieaii Uoard Mission. In hfcciiilicr. i''<;i, Mikmh Brown and I'orter were a)i|Hiiiite(l to iVkinx, rmchinx that city Ajiril h, iH;v wlure tlicv founti every nr raii);enieiil had licvii made loi tluir ronifort At the second session ot the Cumiiiiltee, f i.Snowas ajipropri alcd for a school ImildiiiH Aii(;iiHt -'H, iH;.', a •« hool was opened witli one liri|{lit, nice loolciiiK' ^irl <>' thir- teen years The second day aiiollu-r ^irl came, then one more, anil tlie three constituted the Ciirls' lloard- iiiR siliool, which in iNi)| cnndled cnu- huii<ired pupils, besides I lie four da\ sihciols whiih have lieen estali- lislied. with sixty live pupils, all liy offeriiiK a considera- tion lor attcndnnce nuriiin that first \ ear fifteen nirl.s were admiltcd, hnt it the cl(»e only six reiiiiiincil. An inflexilile rei|niremeiit was made at the lieK'nniiiK, that every n\r\ with hound feel, upon eiiteriii)/ school, must unhind them and allow them a iiatn^iil ;;rowth. This was one of the first, if not the first school in China to insi.st ii|Hin taking otT the haiidanes froni the (eet. It met with some olijection.s. and Tor iiiiiny vcars acted as a barrier against the iii>;atheriiiK of pupils; for where could a motheriiilaw for a larnefooted ){irl b« fouiiil ! Hut as time went on, sentiment in favor ^rew, not only in the school, but alnon^c llie Church mem- bers, .md Iheie has been no lack of deinaiid, but rather of snppiv , for all girls of marriaj^eable age, de- spite their unbound feet. And the alliances made have probably, without exception, been better, from every point of view, than could have been secured
#
)
276 Woman's FoKKii;\ MissiosAKV SociKTY. V^
from their own homes. Naturally, it "wcmld seem to be easier to clmnKe this time-honored custom at the ca|)ital, where the Manchus, who are in authority, do not bind the feet of their women. Another condi- tion this .school made was, that the girlS" inu.st be al- lowed to remain in .school until eighteen years old, and not be betrothed in the meantime without the consent of the missionaries. Some of their early views have been raoditied — concerning previous be- trothal in heathen families, and that of keeping girls ^ during vacation ; for it seemed better to risk crushing out the Chri.stian growth of the year, and let the girls have gradual induration to the inevitable condition of their after-life, r.^lher than complete isolation from them during the years of character-building. And perhaps in noway has a more powerful influence been exerted in distant country places toward breaking down prejudice and exciting interest than by these .school-girls, of whom every evil xvas predicted when they left their homes, returning to them year after year, reading Christian books, singing Christian hymns, and telling tales of their journeys and school- life, 4nd eagerly anxious at close of summer to return to school.
The mission was re-enforced by Dr. Combs in 1S73, the first woman physician in the great empire of China. Mi.ss Brown married Mr. Davis, and is .still on the field. Miss Campbell went out in 1K75, and two years later Miss Porter was obliged to come home for a time, leaving Miss Campbell alone with the school, wijBrhrs. Davis's assistance two hours a day. After foijircen months thus passed, and two and a half years in the mission, breathing in the fever-laden'
China. 277
air, Miss CainplK-U suddenly died of typhus fever, May iS,*lif<*^*Mi.ss Porter had returned, and was with' her, ministering to her wants. The year before, Dr. Howard had come out, and her skill was supplemented by that pf other able physicians ; but all that medical skill and the aflTectionatc care of her companions could do was unavailing. She was buried Sunday, the 19th, in the .Ivnglish i-emetery, outside the city wall. Of the thirty ladies sent out by the Society, she was the first called away by death. In her the niis.sion lost one of its most earnest workers, and the entire Church a most devoted missionary. In 1879, Misses Cusli- man. Sears, and Vates had all been added to the mi.s- sion circle. The boarding-school enrolled forty-t^'o girls in 18X3, and Miss Cnshman tried the experiment of teaching music. Thirteen girls manifested sjiecial aptitude and 'perseverance, and made sufficient prog- ress to take their turn playing for chapel prayers. She also formed a literary society. Another very bold innovation on Chinese customs was the enforce- ment of silent study. The school now has a cour.se of .study planned'to cover eight years of moderate work. It scarcely exceeds that usually completed at fourteen or fifteen years of age in the first or second high- school year in our public schools. The course begins w\\.h" Saii-l~ci-(/iini;," followed by the Catechism, the Four Gosjiels, several of the longer Kpistles, with se- lections from others, and the Hook of Revelation committed to memory. At the .same time the pupils .study their own cla.ssics as far as the completion of the " Four Books," which are explained, when practi- cable, by i} Christian teacher. Old and New Te.sta- ment History, the Life of Christ, Hook of Acts, the
'':;?^.ftvW'V*-
278 IVoAf.ix 's Foreign MissioyAKY Soc/icry.
Parables and Kvidences of Christianity, arc enil)raced in tiie Scripture course. Writing, aritliiiictic, geog- raphy, physiology, history, algebra, composition, vo- cal music, and normal work are carried through the year. Knglish is also taught to such as have sufficient ability and desire to learn it without interference with other regular work. But nine out of one hundred
., pupils in the school in i,S94 were studying it. Much attention is i>aid to the development of orderly, sys- tematic habits ; an appreci.ition of the value of time to thein.sehes and others, and of bringing themselves and their work to time. While there is no regularly- organized Industrial Department, yet all the work of caring for their own rooms, school-rooms, dining- room, courts, setting of tables, wa.shing di.shes, the cutting out, n\aking, washing and mending of cloth- ing, is done by the pupils, the younger ones work- ing under the direction of the older ones, who are in turn supervised and held rcs]H)nsible for tlie work by the teachers. A division of the .school, long deter- mined upon, was brought about in iS9,^, when Mrs. Jewell was appointed to take tlie high school, and Miss Sears the Primary Wepartnient. This .school has never graduated a class, and the day does not seem near when it will be able to do so, the demand for the girls as wives or teachers being too great to allow keeping a class together lon^; enough. It is next to impossible to i)osti)onea marriage when the" mother-in- law's family " is ready for it. .Several of the girls have,
- however, practically finished their course. Hoth of the de|);ntnienls are in charge of former pupils. At Man vSun is a boarding school of twenty-five girls, all with unbound feet, taught by a former ptipil ; also a day:
China. tj^
school of forty-three at Pei Yin, taught by another. Teachers have also been supplied to the Tsun Hua boarding-school, and to the women's training-classes of Tientsin and Peking, whil^ two former pupils liv- ing in IVkiiig have charge of day-schools. In every case these girls are found superior, beyond compar- ison, to the best helpers to be obtained from among women wlio have only come under training after reacliing mature years. Some of the most serious ob.stacles to mission work are disappearing, and oji- portunitics for aggressive work were never greater. The war conditions in 1894 caused sonie interruptions in the .school ; other than that, the work was not affected.
The missionaries sent to Peking have been the Mis.ses Brown, Porter, Campbell, Cu.shman, Sears, Yates, Mrs. Jewell, the Mi.sses Green, Ketring, Wilsen, Hale, Frey, vSteere, Crosthwaite. Young, and l)rs. Combs, Howard, Akers, Glo.ss, Terry, Benn. and Ste- venson. Some of the.se went to labor at other stations. Mi.ss Sears returned lioine in the summer of 1X95 for treatiiient, and in December died in the hospital in Cleveland, whither she had gone for a surgical operation.
MissioN.XKv SociKTv. — An .-Vu.xiliary of the Wiinian's I'lircign Missionary Society was organized in ivi:;njr_ February, iSjC, co:r.p<j.sc« wf ail the luis- sionaries, and as many of the native women as would conic, in order to encourage the native Christians to give the little tlicy could .spare to help others to a knowk-ilgc of Christian doctrine. This Auxiliary grew to have a strong hold on the women. They never
.a8o Woman's FoKF.iGN MissioNAKV Society. i
n
forgot the day of the monthly meeting, and sent their dues when they could not be present. One old woman, as she lay dying, rcmenibffed it, and in her weakness handed out a string of cash to send to the meeting the next Saturday. Slie was gone before Saturday came. In peace she breathed her last, ripe fruit of the Peking training-.school. At the first meeting one woman look out of her hair her only silver ornaments, and gave them to the Treasurer. Women were taught about India and Africa. "Let- ters" from this side were eagerly sought. At one time they had over $6 in the treasury, a total for .seven months, and repre.scnting more tlian #60 of an Amer- ican Auxiliary- What to do with it became (juite a (juestion. It 'was left entirely with the women to decide. "Send it to the American Society," said one. "That's so," said another, "they 'II know just where it's most needed." One bright, intelligent little woman, a school-teacher, said: "Think of those terrible black nan, eating each other up and suffering awfully. Let us send the money to them." But .some one else suggested that the Society would be sure to .send it where most needed, and so it was finally agreed that the money should be sent to tlie home Treasurer.
The Woolston Auxiliary, conipo.scd of the mission- aries and their children, of Foochow, met at the home of Mrs. I'jnnia Nind Lacy, on May 7, i8qs, to hold a Thank-offerii,rg service, and the envelopes gave their various rca.sons for thankfulness. The collection amounted to 53''.i7.
I
CniNK.SK Prayi'.ks are apt to be stately and
formal at first; but praying does as much for the
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st.ntion-class heart, as stiuh ing does for the station- class mind. Miss CushinaTi, on hearing the girls in prayer-meeting, .said, "Their girlish voices were like sweetest music, as they told of longing to be more like Jesus, and of the help he gave them," and added: "I think of the two cents a week, of the few years of service given ; 1 e\en think of that lone grave just outside the city; then I think of forty-six girls on their knees at the feet, cT Jesus, and I say, ' It pays.' " It is profoundly touching to .see their faith in prayer. At one time a woman was sick who lived some dis- tance from Peking. .She had heard about the wonder- ful answers to prayer, and wanted some one to go right away and ask the missionaries to pray for her. A friend toiled to the n'lission and back, eight miles in all. on her little bound feet, that close connection might be established between the Peking mercy-seat, her own little river village, and heaven.
CIIIRCII MKMIiKKS.
N'o such statement could be made to-day a>i in Peking in 1H72, that "the Church ijicludcs no women, ' for many women members are found all through the several missions. Hut in China, as in other Oriental lands, men have very little to do with the conversion of heathen women. And yet the same statistical facts apjiear ; women equal, if they do luit exceed, the men in numerical membership. It would not be extravagant to state that one-half of the membership is composed of women and girls. These are the fruits of women's labors, for the mo.st part, and to a large degree of those sent out by the Society. A pastor hits a revival and an ingathering. The in.crea.se ap-
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282 lVi>.i/A.\' 's /'OkiaGy Missionary Society.
jit-ars in tlie GciR-ral Socit-ty's reports, but not in the woman's. Vet some of the hretliren say, in their e\-j)erience a hir^e jiereeiitage of this addition eanie from the girl's schools, woman's traiiiitiK classes, or, if away from the centers, as a result of itineration on the part of the workers of the Society. When other- wi.se — as for instance, when whole households have united together — the women knew not the power of the jjospel until taught hy "our girls, " directly or indireCVlv. In i.s.So, Mary Porter and- Mrs. Willetts visited a st.ition four hundred miles south of ^Vking, never hefore visited hy women missionaries, though frcijuentl^ hy men missionaries. There were a num- ber of Chinese women who had for .several years been members of the Church, and yet they asked in atnazed woniler: 'Can a woman pray? We never heard that God wanted to hear women pray."
SfND.U' SCHOOLS.
The diU'iculties in the way of reaching the mas.ses of Cliina are to be overcome in no better way than by working along .sonie of the lines which have been found \.i9 be most eflective at home, where Sunday- schools occupy a very important place. The great re(|uisites are, of course, a superintendent, teachers, and .scholars, which, ha\ e all been met in the famous Peking Sunday s.;hool, which, in i.Sgo, had outgrown the chapel, and ha<l to meet in two divisions, one-half waiting until the outside women and chiKlreu were taken (lut before room could he made for the day- .scbool girls. When the l)oys and girls of the schools were iiresejU. the SuRda\-school often exceeded four hundred in attendance. The president of the Peking
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Univtrsity, Dr. I.faiKkr rilclar, was sii])erintfiulent up to tlie liiiu- of lii^ (leatli^iu 1H93. Mrs. Gaiiuwell took Miss Cushniaii's class. It often hail no, and sometimes as many as ITJ were present, diildren from the iieighlxirhood. Tile projfrani is substan- tially the same as in rtiis land. The whole school meet' l(i);ether in the eh;.l>el for >;eneral devotional, exercises. When the superintendent announces that Mrs. C'laiuewell's class will jjo to its own room, there is a great uprising of girls of varying ages, some little more th:in babies, staggering beneath the weight of smaller ones ])erched (m their back^. .Some arc there with smoothly-combed hair and comparatively clean hands and faces, and some are scantily clothed, a bib or a pair of shoes constituting their entire outfit.
The visible means that have been successf\il in bringing these children from their heathen homes to the Sunday-school have been the little picture-cards sent from America.
(ireat changes are observed in the neighborhood, as the influence of tlie Sunday-.school is made mani- fest, and tile singing of hymns t.ikes the place of call- ing tlie foreigners vile names. Though there are Sunday schoils in all the mi.ssions, there is said to be nothing in China like this wonderful vSunday school. At the clos.j >,;;-,. Gamewell stations herself at the door, telling lliem thejlmust go out orderly if they want a card, which they evidently "brieve. " Per- son s cards" are always the most attwlctive.
Tsi N llr \.— Miss Vates made many country trips in iH."<-), Irodi Tientsin as a central jioiut, at one time sitting thirteen hours in the saddle. She also sni)er-
^'sjtfW^i'fg?^'" I ' *i^%Y.:. ■■•^y':';:.
284 Woman 's Fokeicn AfissiowiR r Society.
iiitfiuled five day si'hoots. In i8S,^ slie went to Tsun Una for evangelistic purposes, and remained there alone, with no other foreigner, for six weeks, instruct- ing the women and organizing a day-school. Dr. Terry was appointed there in 1887, and in i.SKK, a home having heen provided, seven of the smaller girls were taken out of tlie Peking Cirls' Hoarding school and sent in two carts, with Tina for a teaclur, and Miss Hale in charge. In i.Syo there were thirty pu- pils. A local rebellion outside the Great Wall oc- curred in 1891, when the mis.sionaries were advised to leave for Tientsin. The rel)els were defeated, the mission property protected : hut the shock occasioned l)y the imminent peril and precipitate flight, added to the strain of overwork, told seriously on the mission- aries, and they came home. There were fifty-six girls in the .school in 189;^, and a day-school was started. Miss Cilover was then a])pointed to the boar^ng- school.
Wl'ur.^— In 1885 a boarding-.school was opened in Wuhu, superintended by Mrs. Jackson, and taught by a member of the Kiu-kiang School. In 1887, Mrs. Jack.son's health failed, the school was closed, six of the little girls were taken to Nankin, and a boarding- school commenced there in 1888. Day-school work was begiui in 1891. Mai^ .24th, mob violence looted- both houses, the .school-bouse and the day-school building, and set fire to one of them ; but it was ex- Inignished before much damage was done. The school numbered twenty-five girls, twenty -one of whom were boarders.
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Misses Howe and lloa^ rcaihetl Kiu-kiaiiK the test of November, 1872. Tlie day of their arrival the wonieii of the iiei>;hliorhood declared they would never send their girls to school to have those niission- arifes dig out their eyes, and send to America to make telescope lenses of, or to take gut their hearts and other vital organs to make medicines with. Besides no one could see an\ use for girls studying. A boy co\ild compete in the public examinations, and per- haps get a degree, or po.ssibly go on to higher degrees and become an official, but there was no .such induce- ment for a girl to study. If she did, she would cea.se to care for family affairs, neglect to comb her hair, and not know how to make her own shoes. Yet they opened the Kin kiang Girls' Hoarding-school, Jaimary 1, 1.^7,?. with two little girls, one of whom ran away before niHlit. April 241I1 they had sixteen girls, and opened a da\ -school alxnit a mile away. This was the third station occujjied by the Society. In 1.H74 a riot occurred, when flie school-house was torn down, scarcely one brick being left uj)on another.
Ini .VNTicini:, though common,* was said to be less frequent at this time than before the Government es- tablished a foundlings' asylum. Little girl-babies were left in baskets 1)\ the roadside, or at the gate. The three earliest missionaries, Misses Howe, Hoag, anil Wheeler,- all adopted little girls. They wanteil .something the Chinese could not take away from them without a moment's warning, as they did *Hie little school-girls they succeeded in getting together at that earl> time. The lifst one adopted was a little two-
Mfutf.JdN Missro.\ARy S(H tEir.
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•,,I(li Kiiliii, the sixtli j;iil tiinii in tlic Iktn had liini hL'lrolliitl in l):il)\ liood, a^-ould liavL- liL-eti l)iU for the misfoitiiiic fliKeii l)()rii iindci the do^ slai, and Ihi' hoy (he was to have hecii betrothed ha\ inj; been t(ifer a cat ^tar. Miss Howe's personal teacher, 10 M-a*iieij{hbor to the JaniiK , stiKKCsted tlie child UMf'i;'i''t'> the foreign ladies, and Miss Howe adopted 'AHmtli Slie also ado])ted three I'oundlinKS, Julia, who i.s C^^uli. ■ or " Beautiful Clu vsantluiinun ;' N^an hse, ni,. English " I'eace and lla]ipiiiess " or l-'anny, who As two aiulalialf ytars old, aiHl lielle. called " liow- Ifil'^ or "Precious Shade." Miss Hoaj? also adopted PW, whom she learned Katie. Infanticide was talked ut with I'ainiliar unconcern. Miss Howes nurse not hesitate to say that her sister destro\ed eisht fant danj;hters with her own hands; her brother's vy.il'e was al.so unwilling to preserve the life of her jjirl babies, while she, herself, took credit for sendinj; all her girls to the asylum. The school girls were not re- served in s])eaking of such circunistance.s in their own families. It is not that the Chinese are unaware of the guiltiness of this practice. Treatises and tracts in expostidalion arc in no wise novelties, but there seems little res|)on.se in their hearts to these mute ajipcals, A certain reasoning on domestic economy, in which they are skillful, weighs down the balance against all other considerations. The pressure of poverty is a real- itv with the poorer classes. There is not much senti- ment in life for them ; girls do not aid them to sup- port the faniil> . and are an excrescence upon its life. It is common for women who had lost or disposed of their own child to take one from the asylum to care
Cni.\A. 2S7
for, as Ihoy wcrcallowi.-d i,i«hh\i?-1i i>tr iiikiiIIi. Miss Whct'lcr also took sonic of IIksc lilllc waifs; one slic called Tcntie, aiiollicr Dollie.aiul she iHiamc responsi l)k- for the sui)i)ort of still others, all of whom ha\e a history. Ten years later one of the Kiu-kiaiij; school- girls was the teacher at W'nlui. another was the nurs^ of the foundlings at Chin kiai\g, .still another was as- sistant to Dr. illoag in the dis])ensar\ , while yet another was stndyiiiK jnedicine with a view to dis- I)ensary work. Mrs. I, in, one of those early pupils, heeaiiie a teacher Tiiid class leader in ,Kwang Chi, where she won the respect of all the Christians there.
In 1S73. .Miss Iloag coninienced work among women, and Miss Howe had the hoarding school. There were twcnt\ girls in the school, with \ery ])oor accomniodatidiis, and no pnjsjiict of being aUle to huy land to build on Miss Howe went to live with her " four babies ■' in a small nalixe house, rather than in the great house, where she hud to climb stairs and sleep and study in the same room with all the babies and nurses. I,.ind wis purchased in 1S76 outside the Concession, uithiii the cit\' walls, and at last, in 1.S77, the mission.iries moved out of the old rented ware- house which had accommodated the .school for five years, and which sometimes had six inches of water on the lower Hour when the river overflowed its banks, mo\ed out nf the old into the new, comfortable house in a healthy location. Miss Hoag came home in if^fy, and look a medical course in the Michigan liiiversity, and returned in i.SS;^, acconipanied by Miss Robinson, and went to Chin kiang and opened work there.
For several years only one American family was stationed at Kinkiang, the nii.ssion being manned by
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2HS \Vl>^t.^y's FoKHK.N Afissio\ {RV Soctirrr.
Iuik1<>'Ii>i«-'I) f»'' tlic (leiicrnl Sc)cift> . Miss Delia Howe and thrcf physicians iiR-riascil llic staff of workers between 1H74 and 1M79, l>nt in 1.S.S2 they had all returned. There was a dinerence of opinion ahont takinj; the school-girls through llie streets to cliajjel every day, between Miss Howe and tlie missionaries of tile Parent Hoard, when Miss Howe resigneil, in- |8H,^, and the school of fifty girls was consolidated with that of the Parent Board. In 1S.S7 she returned to Kin kiaug at the recptest of the superintendent, seconded by every member of llie mission there, and found no girls' school remaining. She reopened the school in September, iS.SS, witli the assistance of Frances Wheeler, lint witliont a girl from the former scliool, except her four, wliich she liad taken with her and brought hack again. The bretliren finally agreed with Miss Hiiwc about tlie mailer oxer wliich they differed, and exprcs.-.ed their complete satisfaction that the Society should liereafter manage girls' scliools. For seven years this scliool has onl>' admiltcd girls from Cliristiaii lamilies. and in iHcjs there were forty- five enrolled. There are five girls th.it know Fjiglish well enough to study Latin. Three of them are Miss Howe's — Julia, b'anny, and Iklle; one is Annie vStoiie, a sister to Mary Stone; and cme is Frnie. the daughter of the tailor, the first girl that had her feel unlxuind in Kill kiang. Miss Howe's girls are indispensable, aS availal)le to her as .so tn.iny additional pairs of hands of her own, so true and loyal are they, — Helle, considered in iSi^^ "the best educated girl in China,'' has six clas-^es in the .school: Julia teaches in the liible .school and has charge of some of the sloie-rooms; and F"anii\ , so long iiiuler the musical iiistrucliou of Miss
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China. a«9
Wlietler, a fiilly-<iunlifuil iiiusii- teaoliiT. Hut July i6, 1895. Fanny was niarriL'tl to a native jircaclitT, Mr.'IVai. In lSy2, Miss IIdwc cauK- to llii> country, I'tin^inK ^ part\ of young pcopli-, including ln.ta<l<>i)tt(l ilauKlittT Ida. anti Mai> Stone, who arc now in their third year in the Medical Department of the Michigan fuiversity, making a fine reconi, and expect to graduate in iHi)6, when they will return to China to enter upon their profession. Mary was elected secretary of her class of several hundred nienihers in 1895. Tile girls have greatly endeared themselves to tile people whom they have nut. and conimaud the respect and admiration of ail. They atteniled the (leueral Ivxecutive Coni- niittee meeting in St. I.ouis in 1^95. where they won many friemls. In the hospitable home where they were entertained, was an old gentlenian of tlireescore years and ten, wlio remarked to Ida : " I am glad you are going hack to your country as a ph\Mician. Your ]K()ple need ])li\ >icians more than tliey need ini.ssioii- ariis." With her racial rexerence for old age, Ida turned aside, and lo her friends said in her modest fashion : "(), time is short ! Ivternity is long!"
Miss Oghurn went out in 1S91, and Miss Stanton in i,S9-V Miss Howe returned in 1.S94.
Cili.N-Ki.xNC. — A C'.irls' IJoarding school was opened in Chin kiaiig by Miss Robinson in January, 1S84. The live loniidlings left by Miss Howe in Kiu-kiang made a beginning here. Having no yard for them to pla\ in. a co\i]ile of ba.skets were bought and a coolie iiired to lake them to the hills, while tlie nurse holi- bled along on lier little feet. The noxt year they took two more fonndljngs. In 18K9. four new found- '9
ago Woman's Foreign Missionaky SocrErr.
liiiK-s were taken, and the older ones were proinotcd ffDiii the nursery to tlie si-hool. Miss W'liite was sent to Miss Robinson's assistance in iK9r.
There was some riotous disturbance in iHy3, but they were able to conduct the examinations properly, and' closed the spriuK term with a literary entertain- ment, the first pid)lic attempt of the kind in the school. Music and gymnastics found a worthy place in .the curriculum tlirough Miss White's instructions. ICng- li.sh is not taught in this school. Two ])ri/.es were offered in 189.^ by friends of the school, one for the best synopsis on Martin's Evidences of Christianity, and one for the best understanding of Scripture truths. Members of the foreign ctminiunity, out.side the mission circles, have become interested in the school, and from time to time have contributed sup- plies for the clothing of the chihlren. They have al.so furnished employment for the older girls, such a.s knitting, darning, and embroidery. In this same year the anti-foreign feeling spreading along the river oc- casioned some alarm. This was stimulated by some infamous books which were circulated, increasing the prejudices of the Chinese against the nii.ssionaries, and the cry of " Kill the foreign devil!" was again heard on the .streets.
Applications the following year were received for three teachers, but only one was sent out. She went to the "Arvilla Lake" school at Nankin, and, in a sense became the first graduate. Another girl, who had received excellent preparation through the instruc- tion of Dr. Hoag, became her assistant in the di.spen- sary. Two other girls devoted part of their time in hospital and dispensary work. Two societies of Teni-
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Ciii\.\ 291
JK-rance and ICpworth I.iaHiK' are \^rt;{\\. soiirci'S of power in tlif .spiritual anil pliilaiitliropJfc cdncation of th^ir inciul)ers. All arc Christians.
Thus Miss Robinson has had the pleasure of .seeinjj the little day-school nucleus in 18.S4 develop into a model ).;irls' institute, and several of its fjraduates go out Id work in other l)laces. This institution has grown int(V favor with the local litrrali. and well de- serves the rep\itatiou it has (rtnong the foreigners of Central China. During the ahsence of Miss Robinson on her first home vac.-ition, in iSys, the nianagment was left entirely to Miss I, aura White, who is also fully devoting her time and talents for the raising up of China's daughters,
\
CiirxcKiNC. — The West China Mission exists, and was planned and inaugurated by Rev. J. F. Goucher. Dr. L. N. Wheeler, who had opened the North China and the Central China Missions of the Parent hoard, was sent in iS.S^ to open this new wurk. The long, ))erilons journey — two months from Shanghai — is only [lossible in boats at certain seasons of the year, over rocks and waterfalls, on the River Vangtse, which con- vinces one that heroism and enterprise are not lo.st • arts in the Christian Church. Dr. Wheeler wrote back to the Church : " Here we have entered ui)on the ex- jiloration of the largest and most wealtliy jirovince in the I'!ni)iire, unexcelled b\ any country in the world for beauty and fertility, but who.se untaught millions dwell in the shadow of death. "
Miss Wheeler opened a girls' school, October i, 1883, and had twenty-eight pupils. She got along bravely alone, and might have had one hundred girls
Vv
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29.' H'otr.tx's FoKh:r(;N Afrss/ON^r Socikiv.
if tlKie had 1r-i-h room tft ni;coiniii(Hlale, tlicm. In less lliaii llirtr moiitlis si-viTal of tlif nirls suii^; two soii(;s i-omotly al a Christmas c-ntiTlaimiifiit, altlioUKh hefori- L-nti-iinj; schi)i>l llic-v had not liiiown a charac- ter luir heard a tiiHc siiiiK In Dcccuilicr, iSS4,Miss Howe, wlio had hccn appointed to tliis work, re-en- forced Miss W'hetlcr. Tlierc were forty K'rls en- rolled, and i)roperty was lionght for :S.S,o(>o. The wrelcheil Iraflu' in Chinese ^;irls i> carried on here, and nntnl>ers are shipped down the river and sold into sla\er\ worse than death. One niornin); Miss Wheeler was astonished liy lieariiiK some of the i;irls say "a j;irl had hem sold." They met her as she was car- ried on her father's hack thron>;h the streets, and called lint toiler, ■Where are yon U"'"K* The re- s|i()n>e was, " I am sold." The inhnnian father had actually sold the child into slavery. After consi<ler- aUle tronhle, an<l by pavinj; some niniuN , the ladies j;ol her hack into the school.
Then came the notable riot of June ,v 1*<X''. sud- denly oxerthrowing all the work, and breaking,;, u)) the mission. Miss Howe, with her four )^\r\<: and Mi.ss Wheeler, with .\););ie, one of the Chun^kin^j ori)hans she had adoi)ted. passed tlirt hkIi the ^ate. leaving a <lo/en or so or]>hans with three native women ; on llu\ went to the Ttiission coni|)onnd, as Brother Game- well had dircctid. Then, in sedan chairs, under the escort of a small official, the whole party were carried to the house of the (jflicial. They were moved from ])lace to place until, at midnijjht, they reached the house of the district magistrate, where, before morn- ing, all the missionaries of the place were gathered. Next morning the magistrate sent chairs and brought
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rwMjfc 293
in Miss Howe's four girls, slie liad sciitVl't'iii. in her fliKlit, to till- home of one of her Sunday-school boys, not knowing if she would ever see them again.
They all remained two weeks in the lionse of the official, in great danger from the ijiigry mol). Now and then articles .saved from the looters hy .some of the friendly Chinese were brought in. Five Itibles were brought belonging to Miss Howe's es])ecial fam- ily, four Chinese and one luiglish, The sixteen year- old Sunday-school boy above referred to, brought Miss Howe S.VJo worth of silver which he had .secured from the che.st where .she kept it, before the mob had reached tlair house. This silver ])urchased change.s of clothing I Chinese I for the entire jtarty — men, women, and children, our own and the China Inland Mis.sion — and paid their fare down the river Is far as Ichang. Owing to the swollen waters the journey was accom- plished in four days that took them thirty days to make going up. I'rnm thence they went by .steamer to Chin kiang, where Miss Howe remained with her four girls until December, when they returned to Kiu- kiang, and she, with Miss Wheeler, reo[x'ned the school there, as before stated el.sewherc.
In iSi^). the work was reopened in Chungking, after eight years. Mrs. Philander Smith gave ?4,cxx) for a Deaconess Home, and Misses Galloway, Meyer, and Kissack went out as deacOne.s.ses, the la.sl-named as a nurse deaconess.
DAY- SCHOOLS.
These are taught by native Chri.stiau women that have been educated in the mi.ssion school. The la- dies visit these schools once a week, and hear the re-
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''ipsw^fP«sw?Kfif^^??s»-,
294 WoAr.iN's FoKEiGN AfissioyARY Society,
view lessons of the girls. These are usually Scripture lessons; for ilie Bible is the princiiml tcxt-b<x)k. The double object of these schools is to introduce Chris- tianity in heathen homes tlirough the lessons learned, and to provide schools ("or learning to read. Few women take advantage of the opportunity offered them, so tlie day-schools are largely composed of girls from five to fifteen years of age. There have been instances where a little girl of six an<l a gi.iy-haired woman of sixty sat side by side studying the same books. The first day-.school for girls was organized under the Society by Mrs. Sites, March i, 1S72, at Ick-iong. In 1H95, there were in the I-'oochow Confer- ence .seventy-five day-schools, with an enrollment of 1,1,^7. At first, girls had to l)e paid to attend school, and all over eight years received ten cn.sh (a penny) a day. This custom continued for over eight years, when a change was made, of giving a money reward for each book recited. ' The four Gospels, the P.salms, etc., each had a specified reward, and the niis.sionaries were .always present to hear the final recitation. The schools soon n.-covered from the shock felt by such a radical change, .\gaiti, in 1.H92, experimental schools were tried without any reward. Kucheng took the lead, with no money reward and very little in the way of presents. Foochow gave no money reward, but a little more in the way of presents — such as a fan, a lead-pencil, and a few bright cards. Hokchiang and Haitang changed slowly; l)ut at the examinations all received presents, and the best of good-will prevailed. I ling Ilwa had not taken the advance stej); but at the District Conference, in 1893. they got the neces- sary light, and even voted to discontinue all awards.
M3W^
i^Hir r5«'^''.>". ■ wf^'V- >?• rv'"' ' ' % "i/i-.f :' ' \w%nyW
China. 295
Day-schools are also held in PekinK. Tientsin, Kiu- kiang, Tsun Hua, Nankin, and ChungkiuK.
ORI'HANAGE.
Orphanage work in Foochow has l)een somewhat intermitting. The first experienif, in 1S61, was car- ried on by the married ladies, and snpported by busi- ness men in the city — Chinese, Ivnglish, and American. Many children were received, more were refused, some died. In 1X71, about twenty were transferred to the Girls' Hoarding-school, forming a I'riniary Department, and the Orjjhanage was clo.sed. There were so many impositions to contend with. If a baby girl was not welcomed, she was rolled up in an apron and laid at the door ; and people who would not have drowned them — the usual n\ode of disposing of these unwel- come baby girls — left them at the mission gate because they knew they would be better cared for ; in some instances the mothers, as did Moses' mother, offering herself as a nur.se for the new infant. Alx)ut the year I.S8H the Orphanage was again resumed in a modified way, and orphans were placed in Christian families, and a call for a building was again renewed. Hr. Corey, on her enforced return to this land, awakened much interest, and was authorized to solicit funds for the building. In 1.S91 an appropriation was made, and a building put up, to be known as the " Mary K. Crook Memorial." A tablet is placed over one door, lettered in gold and black, and bears the name of Dr. Katliie Corcy-Kord, while a similar one over another door has the name of Lulie Kawlings. In i,Si>3 the little waifs were gathered into Foochow, and Mrs. Lacy took them under her supervi.sion. Most of them
•^*5f^ -^^v^ ^"/"isws^^ j^ ■! 4-- ^•'"^■^f.^inmr:-
296 Woman 's Fokbicn A//ss/o.\'.ik »• So( iety.
had been cast out from Immes of nl)ject poverty and lieatlien wrttclicdness ; ninny of tlieni with diseased l)0<lies; some of tliein sick ni^li unto death. Twenty children were placed in the new Orplianage, March 12, 1893 — the oldest, thirteen years; the youngest, a day old. Christian women are employed to care for them, who not only attend to their physical wants, but teach their lisping lips to pray and sing sweet songs of Jesus and his love. During the sessions of the Anniial and the Woman's Conferences in 1894, in Foochow, on the morning of the 26th of November, in the tent, Mrs. Lacy presented eleven of the orphans for baptism, after a .sermon by Bishop Ninde. Over one hundred "adults and children of tlie Cliristians were bai)ti/.ed. Mrs. Mary C. Nind, wlio was present, said: " It was worth coming all the way to h'oocliow to witness."
WORK .VMONC. Till'; \V()Mi;\.
Tliis is a iiard work, fraught with many difficul- ties. The wnmen are luieducated, under ])ecHliar sub- jection and slavery to their husbands, largely kept secluded, especially from public asseniblie-!, bound by many customs that cause niucli suffering, and fettered V as with a strong chain by the superstition everywhere
prevalent. In 1*72, in Peking, Mrs. Wheeler, of the * Parent Hoard, and Miss Brown commenced calling
r upon the women, and opened a woman's meeting. At
the first <iiie. three hours before the time appointed, ((uite a miniber of woiiilii liad gathered, and when the meeting opened there were abont forty women pre.s- ent. Subsequently the attendance was not so large. The work of the mi.ssion had only just begun, and the Church menibershii) in I'ekiug was very small, and
i'Mm
Tr'/ "fr-: • ^ f ^ vv
ClIIXA.
2<)7
iii't'ii iiiiiiniiL'u ic> iiii'iii c(>|h|1 Chuicli. the (\T» IwcTuprohaliimcTH six
tuiiji;^th^^J)irtli|)l;ici- ol' Confucius and Mfnciu-s, 4? iiiik'jA-Mw'. wanted to know of tho "doctrined." ar made vhejuiirney of sixteen days to IVkinu in a wlicc
incliuled no women. A lieatlivn woman had tu be em- ployed as matron in the K'r's' .school. The teaehers were all men frnni necessity. Later, in 1.S72, there knelt at tlie l)n|>tisnml altig- three women, who had heeii admitted to meinhership in the Methodist I'lpis- "irst in North China. They had" months under the religions in- struction of Misses Hrown and Porter. November 2<S. Il^-t two of the pupils from the school were eon- vertewa^d received into the Clnircli. the first fruits froei WaTflource. The vear 1H/7 opened, and still no Ilihte miMen at work rcKularly. One woman of un- usual iiaMpstness. Wang Nainai.a widow from. Shan-
400 md
- i-y,,- .• .lys to I'ekniK ina whcel-
barrov^^^shed by her .son. She brought her two daiiKliti^rsA'l'Tra and .Sarah, with her. There were no Iriends jnijfer home to v;ive her sympathy and encour- agemepw .,"|Kverybody laughed and prophesied all .sorts of evil.jbal&H her "cra/y," and said, "You can never learn t(?*e)lidi" Hut she not only learned to read, but l)ecani& |kn^ of the most efrieient helpers in the North Chin.j .\W.s.siliii. .She was employed first as dav-school teaclif [, |]ion hospital assistant, Hible reader, and trav- eling cotkfiiiiupn. The son who pu.shed the wheel- barn iw^lkt^aUj^ a trustetl helper; the girls studied in the si'hjMtl, C|'4ra becomnig one of the best pupils that had e\et:enten^l" When she was borne away in a red Chinese custom, as the bride of the pen into her place, ma^e g<)o<l prog- ts, j-endered efficient help in the site, too, went out the gate into
3 '%L
\ A.
39H W0.\rAN'S FOKKlcrf AflSSIOSARY SociKTr. > *
a little parsoniiKc ns the bride of one of the brightest Kriuhiates from thi- IVkinn I'liivcrsity. Mins I'drter- visiteil Cliincsc villuKc^, wlierc Churches had been established to select ,won\eM suitable for trainini^ as Bible readers. In \^\\ she weUt to Tiuntsin and opened a training school. To this work she had given niui'li tliougbi, labor, and prayer for years, and the plans she had revolved, niifolded and incrca.sed as the work progressed. After Miss I'orter's marriage, in 1H.H2, to Mr. Damewell, the training-school was re- moved to I'l'.KiNC, to the vacant hosi>ital buildings, where it remained under lier direction until they went to Chuiigkinv; in 1.SS4. .\l>out tliistinie MissCushman had returned from a visit in the home land, with 55oo to invest for a friend. With it she bought a piece of (iroiwrty, which was fitted up for the training-school.. Mrs. Cfamewell opened day sdiools in various places. In 18.HH she engaged "a lovely old lady, dear Chen' Xaiuai," in the training-school, to help her. She was sixty-eight years old, but Aeeraed younger. In time .she was overtaken by sickness, and when visited by Miss Cusliinan, who told her how much .she wanted lier to get well, and how necessary she seemed to the work, Chen Nainai protested, saying: " I can't help build the Lord's lioiise. I'm not a carpenter, nor a mason. 1 can only carry a little pla.ster for the ma- son's use" Hut her poor, tired, inaimed feel were hound foi tlic last time, and she was laid to rest beside her liti.sband, the first ineinlier of our I'ekin Church. In September, 1.S.S4 tlie training-school was again reopened in Tientsin, with five women, and in 1S93 a sei>arate building was put up for it. The study was confined to the liible and work upon its doctrines.
f^m^wfm^^>.^^^W
' China. , 399
Industrial training was introduced after a time, which became an eiudunnfinn feature. As most of tlie women were too old to unbind their feet, this was not made a Cfmdition of entrnncc as in the boarding- school.
Woman's work was conuneiiced in \.\nkinc., in l«.S7, by Mlla Sliaw. wliicli was lar^jeiy evangelistic.
Miss Shaw came home in iSiu, and toolc a course of
ff"" study in the Cliicago Training school, returning in
1894. Miss I'eters liad been reinovcd from Chin kiang, and entered upon tlie work of house tohouse visita- tion, receiving also the women in her hou.se, more tlian one thousand calling to see her the first year. Tliis gave the women a cliance to see the neat, clean, comfortable house. It was teaching by sight. The " Arvilla Lake Home " was |iiit up in 1S94 for a train- ing school, and a systematic course entered upon. Miss I'eters sent to I''oocliow for a Hible woman to help her. N'ankiti was a long way from Foochow, the language and customs were very different, but a woman was found l)rave enough logo.. .She was a timiil, poor little widow, with a heart lillerl with the love of God, and her greatest delight was in helping to save souls. She thus became the first foreign mis- sionar\ . among the women, in Chinese Methodism.
Tlic first woman who came to call on the Misses Howe and Iloag in Kit-Ki.VNC,, in 1K72. was Mrs. Slie (Mary Stone's mother — She, being Anglicized, Stone), who was then a professed Christian; for her husband ha<l become a convert, and began to jiractice his new faith by teaching his wife to read the Hible. Mi.ss Howe invited her to come and read it with her every day, which .she did for several years; and no
y-
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pvp^^7
300 Woman's FossraN MissiowiKV Socikiy.
doubt imii'h of lur al'tcr iisefiilrii>s could lie traced to those years of prepsiratinii. Her active service coin- iiifiiccil at oiu'c, and soiiie ol' tlic ri-sidls arc still apjinrciit She used to ^o out and invite the women to come to the wc(^kly niectin;;, when she was the piincipal sjwaker. The women were taught to rea<l the few hymns that had heen translated. One woman, a Mrs. Ya, hccame s]Kcially interested; but after a few months she was lost to sij>hl. Seven years later she appeared, saving;: " M> husband has died, and now I am free to profess opeidy the faith I have secretly cherished all these years." She was thorouKhly •."o" verted, and liecainc htmlened for her son, who also was ilearl> coMvertcd/luid lpc^;an to preach. lie was ordained by Hisliop Ninde in iN'j-i, and is considered the stron^!est man on the staff of native preachers. All this, aTiil how nuuh more, ^jrowinj; out of Mrs. She's faithfulness. Kiu kianj; is ipiite a "literary city," and soon after the arrival of the first mission- aries in iH;^, as many as ei^ht women came to their notice who co\dd re.id. A plan was formed of netting them to study the liible. and afterward employ them as Hible women One of these wi>men, Mrs. Tanj;, was secured as teacher in the schoil. She also did service as a Hilile woman. Mrs. She was twenty-nine years old. and Mrs. Tan^ three years older. They received very unkind words and much abuse as they went every clay into the public streets. They were obliged to hear Ian^;uaKe concerning their character vile in the extreme, and from which every true woman in China, as in other lands, would seek to shielil themselves: but with .1 moral coura^je Christian lauds do not witness, they separated themselves to
'.*>\.-,
* fp^ry **-Tw«^»ji
CHIN.\. 301
tliin work Iti .\|iril, iH;^ Mrs. Slie Imil aii infant (IniiKlitci. She piDiiiisi-d Ooil that Ikt feet >lii)iilil nevi-r lie lioun<l. The child, shi: knew, wiiiihl Ik' an nl)ji'ct of Morn, liiit sill- trusted she wouUI also be a jjospel of linin.inity. Nineteen years afterwanl. this jjirl, M.irv Stone tlie first nirl in all Central China bronchi n|> l>y Ikt own parents with natnral feet — entereil the Medieul Department of the MieliiK'an I'ni versit\. without eon<lition, un<l during her three years, down to the present time, has made a fine record both a.s a pupil and in her Christian life. A woman's school was established to ^ive the wives of helpers and other suitable women training in the knowledge of the Hible, and in the characters of their own laiiKuane. There Were seven in the school in 1X1)4. Conference examinations are held, when the women show -.uch ajititude as au'eeably tr) .surprise the Com- mittee,
\'ery unexpectedly a cla.ss of fourteen women came to Mr. Terrv in Tsin Hr.\. in iHi^o. to be instructed in the "iloctriues.' aTid also learn to read. A traiiiiii^ class was ornani/ed. with thirty women, whose anes ranged from sixteen to sixty.
When Dr. Wheeler opened the West China Mis- sion at CnrN<;KiN<i in i^^^.v he spoke from his larj^e exjierience in all the missions, and said: " Nowhere in China are women so ,-iccessible to their foreign sisters as here." In 1N.S4, Miss Wheeler would go t'> Hie chai>el on Sunday, and talk and sinj? to crowds of from four hundred to five hundred women and girls. ( >ul\ .1 ])arl of the many were able to find sittings; for it was estimated, during the hour for service, some- where near four thousand people either entered or
m^
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30J Wd.W.I/V'.'i l-OKKIiiN MUtSIONAIir SociKir.
(vrri- Ki>theri-(l atMxit iIk' (rout y,aiQ. TIhim.* wlio coiilit hear, li<ttciK-il very attentively, niid tile behavior of all wan, on the whule, iiM g<»<«l as eotiltl he »x|»ite(l
Foocilow.— The experiiiKiit was early tried, of semliiiK out wotiun as ileai oik'shch who showed natural ^\i\.s: hut it was soon discovircd their lack of e(|ui|>iueiit. either in the llihle or Church doetrineH, reu<lcred them unalilf to meet the ijue.stious |iiit to them. They could not leave their homes and ko tens of miles to study with tlu- missionaries. So a plan was arranged h\ which three or lour came together to stuily with the native preacher at a central station near them This was very helpful to many women. But in Decemher, 1H79, Mrs. Sites opened the first training-school for Ililile women in I'oochow, for a two years' regular course of instruction. They were trained l)y Mrs. Sites. Clmuiller, and Ohliugcr. From tH84 to iHNy this school was connected with the Girls' Koarding school, but was again reopened September 9th of that last year. In iH(y«i. there were Cifty difTer- ent women during the >ear in school for three or four mouths at a time, long eixiugh to learn how to lead Christian lives. A kindergarten was ojieucd for chil- dren frdm four to five years of age, which relieved the mothers, kept the children out of mischief, and gave them an excellent start in stndy. The closing term in iKy^ had twenty-five women taking the regular course, and twelve children in the kindergarten.
Hinc; IIwa. — The woman's .school — called the "Juliet Turner Memorial School" — at Hing Hwacity, is under the .supervision of Mrs. Brewster. In 1893,
tliiTf wan an fiirollnunt of t«»'iilyii'"f wdiikmi. Tlii.s school has twiHle|KirtiiR'lit> The work ol one coviTh a year, and all in Koinaiii/uil Colli>i|uial. 'I'lu- wuinen read John. Murk, the CitK-thisni. and Ihv Kilile Pic- lure l)<M)k, 'l"he trainini/viiool proper only receives those who are •tpiciaily litti<l (or workers, and tluir studies are in the native ilassiial iliaracter. covering a course of four years. ,\ kindergarten was intro- duted in i^<;,v
Im; Cms'c;. — In iKijv there were twelve women in attendance at the lu^; Chung school. Of these, eight lia<l tiny. l)ound feet; but six of iheni were led to un- liind. Some of the women have heen per»ecute<l : ))ut they liavc .stood linn Mrs. McNubh was in charge until she was obliged to return home, in 1K94.
Ki'ciiKNc;.— The women's .school was first tunght by one of the native preachers, relea.sed from Confer- ence for the Work. The pupils follow the course of study for day school teachers and llible women— that is, reading Mxodus, Proverbs, Pilgrim's Progress, nnd Life of Wesley in classical, and the three Character Classics for girls. The women go o\it once a week, visiting from hou.se to house. In 1H93, nine women passe<l very ("ine examinations. Nearly all the preach- ers from over the district were present, and all were surpri.sed that women could do so well. Five at once opened day-schools ; one of the older ones took exam- ination for deaconess. Mi.ss Hartford lived here three years alone until 'Xi)^. In' 1S94, there were twenty women in the school, one or two of whom paid all their own exjH;nses. All the women unbound their feet,
,V>4 ^' >*f "* 'S /•■< <KK"-N MlSSIOS. \KV SoCIKTY.
tliu»t|)T<)viiiK llieir love lor (lo<l stroiiKiT tliiiii their fear of nclii Ilk-. Thi*- school has Ihc honor of seliiliilK ""t till' lir»l mishjoiiar) Iroiii tin- ImmkIiow Conference, Hii I-ai Sui, who went to Nankin in I«<J4. In the ter- ril>K- massacre of men, women, and chiMren in |H()S, when several of the missionaries of other lloajcls, with our5. Were ont a few miles to Kn> hent;, a nionntain resort. Miss Hartford was wmiiidcd and thrown to the gronml, wluii one of the native helpers rushed \i|ion her innrderons assailant, and, hy his heroic efforts, nscnrd her. -
HoKiMivNC. -This school, under the supervision ()( .MissTrimhU, was oim ne<l in Nfarch. i, Hi; ^, with an eiirolhiHiit of twenlN , and was a success froni the first. 'l"wo facts of special interest mark that first \ e.ir At the dose of the first term hut two women remained with hound feet; and in Ai>nl a most hleHsed revival \ iNitcd the school, in which each \Vomaii found Christ as liei |>ersoiial S,ivior from sin and had the conscious witness of sins for>;iveii.
Si;im; If. -A Iouk felt want was met intheopen- in)i of this school, in .\pril, i.H.;^. Hecau.se of lack of room, hut tilteeii women could he adniitted. .\ i>ecn- liar le.ilnre is, that nothing is studied except in the Komani/cd Colloquial. The experiment proved a suc- cess, and where there is no iolloi|uial character, has .solved the i)rol)lem as to how Christian women can learn to re:»d the liitilc Twelve of the women in one term mastered the Komanized so that they could read anything in it.
Mini; Ciii.wf..— This school was opened, .\pril 8, i,S94. with twenty-five women in altciulancc, in a
.?
t:
■.::.ix.
^»tpi^;^g5»7:7TOW^'J'^7tT"'Tr»» TvTw-j^^irmpr.^"
China. 305
Kraiid old jmliiee, well iiicloH-d, aixl ^eimraU-cl friiiii the apartnii-nt!i ustd hv the fnniily " No wnrk." sayn Miss Sites,, wlm opi'iicd the scIhm)!, ' has crenti-d iiiDre Xetieral intirest and entlniHiasiui." Tlif previous ilay the hoiiHe wariiiiiit{ look plaie, when alioiit lil'ty ^en tiemeii— leiidern In stK-icty, Ixitli literary and oflieial - nrrepted the invitation to lns|)ec't the luiildiuK and witniss tffe dedicatory services cr)nductii| l)\ the na- tive preachers. At close of the school ilie women jiassed a creditalili- examination, and rctnrtied to their honus lo spn ad the glories and wonders of the school. Two women who had unhonnd their fcit set to work immediately to spreail the"<loctrines '
i>i;acunkssi'.s.
Tile iiitriidtictioii of Hihle women, or deaconesscH, was a novel fcaliire of missionary work to the native Church ill China, and will still re(|uire sonic length ol time to K*-'' 'he i<lia fully before the people. In'iHys. there were thirty nine Hilile women in the ImiocIiow (Cionfereiice alone; but a number of them lived at their homes, and ^avv only a part of their time. Women arc needed who can K've all tlieir lime. There are a few who leave their homes and endure j;rcat liar<l- ships Many ol the women are elderly, who have had little advaiitaKc in the way of an education or training ; but -their hearts are filled with the Holy Spirit, and their earnestness wins many to Christ. One of the KucheiiK wonuM re))orte(l in iHy.^.that .S.oiio people heard the gospel from her lips A Hing Ilwa woman reported 6,400. Another Hing Uwa woman visited over .SiK) villages during the year. Still another trav- eled on foot (KX) miles. While they have not learned
: ^w^'vix»'''^Ti!f 'i'^'v^fr *^^'F'n~
306 WfltfAy's foMSK.y Af/ss/o.x.iKr SocrKTV.
to rf|)ort very thoroiiKlilv. ,;s.<»k' pt'nplf ht-nnl llic "olil, ol<l Htory'froni (iK-nv Mililc woiiit-ii in a »iii|{le yeari ii'^O' visits wtrc iii.Kle, niicl wurcit were le<l l<> iiicept Cliriiit tlirouKli tlitir fiTorts Main interesliiiK iticiilfiits are given in loiiiieition with tlic-ir work In one case a vvliolc family iKianit- m) lonviniid of the worthlessness of idols that thiy insisted that the Hihle woman Hhonhl help destroy them. She turned aside tnim her talking to li^lit the hre wliiih consumed their Kixis. Often the Hilile women are asked to carry off llic idoU, which they do witli right K"o<1 will. When Mi.Hs Howe was about to return to the United Stales, in iKijj, a native Christian hron^ht her his ancestral laUlet and jjave it to her.
While these women are not ordained to jireach the Kos)iel.they seem to have hecn foreordained to do it.
\V().M.\NS CO.M-HRKNCK An epodi in woman's mission wni k in Foochow was tile holding of the first Wniiiiiirs Conference, in con- nection with the Annual Couicrence, in October, 1HH5. It was a meeting conipiise<l of the women from all parts of the work, to be examined and instructed as liilik- wniiien and teachers; for tliscussimi of metlKMls, exchange of \ie\vs and seiitiinents. <lcepeiiiiig ot Chris- tian experience, and for general lielpiiilness. It was something entirely new among Chinese women. Hii I'o Mi, an elder in the Church, the uncle of Hii King Kiig, was asked to pra\ at the opening session, and told the I.onl. aiining other things, that ' last year the electric telegraph canic, and now this year the Woman's Conference." He considered the Womair,s Coufereucu one of the most wonderful events, stranger to the
China. yof
Chiiu«' than Ilit « in ti ii itUnrnpli. whi* li tlii> iIioiikIU would nuvvr Ik- Nt-cii in Cliiim. At fir^l tlicse exiiin- iiiatiiins wiTc very iin|H)piilnr, and ilu' effect wiw to t'tiniin.ilr i'roin tlif rallies of the teachers tliose wliii were nut studious and earnest, and a rediKtiiiii nl lifly per eeiil in the iiuiiil>cr of sellouts. Ilut the standard liiis been niaint. lined : the women are ineasuriiiK np to it, uikI the schools are innltiplyiiiK in the ImiidM of more c.nipetciit teachers. In Deceniher, IHHH, the Woman's ^'inference was held ill the AliKloCliiiie^' College. Cliiiiesi' wiiineii liut recently einerjjed from heathen- ism lead papers that were spiritual and practical, ^ave Bible readin>;!f, and condiicted the devotional exer- cises. The pr<i)M)siticiii to discontinue "the system of money rewards" in the day seliuols e.iiiie from a com- iiiitlee of native wijinen at oiu ol these Conferences. They adv ised the Hiving of rewanls that the girls could call their own, as the pareiit.s do iioi fully appreciate the value of an education for their daiiKliters.
At the ninth se.s.sioii of the Conference, Mrs. Keen, the I'hiladelpliia Hrancli Secretary, was weIcoinc(K>y the icH>woiiieii present, anil was elected President. She was the first represeiitatixe from the Society to visit them ofTiciiilly. The following year Mrs. Bishop N'inde was Welcomed, and also elected I'residelit. Mrs. Mary C. Niiid was present with her words of ctmnsel. Twii Secretaries are always appointed— one IviiKlish and one Chinese — for keeping the minutes. These ntinute.s are wonderful documents, as evidencing spiritual in- tellineiue ,ind the earnestness of these Chinese women and nirls Tliey i;i\e llie reports of their work with cheering sini]>licily and sincerity. Their essajs on such lojiics ati the " Ins])iration of the Holy Spirit's i
t
3o8 Woman 's Foreign Mission ar y Society.
Aid in Preparation for W»f k," " Importance of Attend- ing Prayer-niecting," " The Evils of Early lU-trothal," are al)le, and in some cases remarkat)le for spiritual insight and poetic thought, coHveyed in quaint ex- pression. At the Tenth Conference there were two papers presented by native wonie*!!. One on " Woman's Part in Temperance Work, " by the matron of the Eoo- chow (lirls' Boarding-.school, resulted in a pledge be- ing drawn up and signed by fifty per.s«ins. This was considered a victory not easily won, in a land where the tinio-lionored custom to offer drinks to all guests is s^) strong that to omit it brands one as impolite. The other paiK-r, by Siek Ming Suoi, m\ "Sabbath Observance," and the di.scus.sion following, ended in a resolution of all the teachers and Bible women pres- ent to .spend their Sabbath afternoons in teaching the poor, ignorant women «f the Church to read. The in- terest of the Conference centered \n a. Mtmorial on Footbindiiig, presented' from the Woman's Conference to the A;if»ual Conference, petitioning them to take .some definite actii^Mi the subject. Having succeeded in obtaining only a^half-hcartcd action.'^ough it was an advance .step, and the women felt so keenly the need of help in fighting this terrible crime of nnitilating the body, one of the Chinese women said: "If they do not take the action we want this time, we will draw up (uir own ndes next year, and petition them to adopt them."
When the Central China Mission Conference was in se.ssion in Kiu-kiang, in 1X94, a large mass-meeting on ■' Foot-binding " wa^ held. The Chinese brethren were "instant in season," with earnest words of argu- ment and exhortation against this heathen b^barism.
China. ' 309
The sisters, whose licarts weu- in like maiiiier fired with the same spirit of this reform, found no o])])or- tiinity to express it. liarly the following day some of the younger brethren posted a call for another meet- ing that evening, to be addressed by the women. Mrs. She was the first to lake the platform, from wliich .she announced her convictions with no uncertain sound. vShe had brought up her girls with natural feet ; but now felt the time had come for her to take a furtlier step in advance, and unbind her own feet. Many followed in like spirit, and the .sentiment of the meeting crystallized in an anti-foot-binding pledge, which was signed by about .seventy of the married women and older girls. It is difficult to appreciate the horror of foot-bindi*ig. Many women, indeed, suffer from it all tli^ir lives; and many die under its terrible torture. In Canton, one time, a woman came to a Christian hospital with a foot in each hand, beg- ging to have them put on again ! One fool is now in the museum in England, and one in America.
A meeting was called during the Conference of all the Chinese women and girls, when papers were read by Mrs. She, Julia Howe, and others, followed by re- marks. Mrs. Mary C. Nind, who was present, ad- dressed the members, dwelling forcil)ly upon the ini- portiince of care for the physical as well as the spirit- ual health. Directly afterward, the Woman's Confer- ence of the Central China Mis.sion was organized; one. important object was the development of the Chinese women in lines of nii.ssionarv work.
fU:*!-.-
.^lo lVo^fAN's F0REIG^ MissroNARy SocrETy. •
niSTRICT CONI'HRKNCi:.
Ill the course of time, when it was found imprac- ticable for all the native workers to make loufj jour- neys to attend the Annuiil Foochow Conference, the District Conference was orjjani/ed, in 1890, in HiNC. H\VA, where a different dialect is spoken. This was found to he most helpful, as it was attended by many women who could never have come to I'oochow. On Sal)l)ath, a wonderful meeting was held. Christian women promptly rose, and told their ex])eriences in simplicity and power. A remarkable fact in connec- tion with the meeting was that, without any concert, three times the .second chapter of Acts was read and commented u])on, showing the trend of their thought and language. Other districts we^e organized until, in 1.S94, there were seven Di.strict Conferences, and the Koochow became a delegated body. In 1H95, twenty delegates were present, and the Koochf)w Dis- trict brought the number up to over one hundred. One woman came one hundred an<l eighty or two hundred miles, and was .six days on the way, com- pelled to ride in a .sedan chair, put up at miseral>le inns, and endure all the discomforts of a little tucked- up Chinese boat. In that wonderful revival in Hing Hvva, in 1891, the Bible women, with tue native preach- ers, did ^11 the work„\vhen ninety-eighl people .decided to leave the darkness of heathenism and worship God, and joined the Church. /
A Woman's Conference was held /n HoK Chi.vng
in 1S94, when one hundred women were present, some
^walking weary miles to attend. Two weeks later,
.:;Msss:-;
I
when the last General I'^xecutivc Committee was in session, Sunday had been set aside as a dajs^f prayer thronghout the district, to the end that the women of America might he moved to grant the school-building asked Ihr Hok Chiang. The Christian women of Hok Chiang Were asked to give an offering for that pur- pose. When the copper cash were all counted, it was found tliat over twenty-two thousand had been given, or $21.30, given out of poverty such as women in Christian lands do not know. With this .sum as a nucleus, a l>eautiful site was purchased, "the choice spot of the district," for a girls' school. "She hath done what she could."
Mixc. Cm.wi;. — Mi.ss Sites opened the first Ming Chiang District Conference in Ming Chiang city, Octo- ber 19, 1S94, with si.xty-five women present, from the woman's school, the teachers of the day-school, the Bible women, and the wives of the Chinese preachers from all tlie circuits and stations round. The papers prepared showed nuich thought and originality, and the extempore di.sciissions were very lively. The various subjects included " Sabbath Observance,''" The Ideal Day-school Teacher," '' Cleanliness." and " Na- tive Customs, " ))articularly fool-binding. In the devo- tional meetings great liberty and power came upon the women, ])articnlarly upon Mrs. Lau, wife of one of the preachers. .She was one of the original found- lings of lliirty years ago. " She is the brightest woman, ' says Miss Sites. " in the di.strict, and the Chinese regard her as very clever indeed." She was so humbled over a merciful Providence that .saved her
:'.K'.i/
3 1 2 JVoAfAiv 's FosE/cy Missionary Society.
little daughter from drowning wliert she fell in the creek a few months before, and a heautifnl new expe- rience of Christ-love came into her heart.
FOOT-BI!)!I)IN(l.
The early missionaries had their path so beset with difficulties that, while almlishing all usages connected with heathen religious bcli(*ts and .superstition, they did not make foot-binding, which was considered com- paratively unimi)ortant, a test ((uestion. They said : " Hound feet will not keep any Chinese women out of heaven, so wh>- .should we for that alone keep them out of the Church?" As the years went on, there was not .seen the general ' voluntary renunciation of this custom that was hoped for. Some of the missionaries of the Society built up their .school-work on a strong ahti-foot-binding basis. The Peking Girls' Boardiug- .school from the beginning — the one in Foochow since IS.S4, anil the Nankin and Chin-kiang schools — make a condition of adnii.ssion, either natural or unbound feet, In Kin-kiang, where foot- binding is universal ■ among all elas.ses, and where women have smaller feet than in any other part of the country, the matter is left voluntary with the girls, and yet even there the sentiment is so strong in favor of natural feet that more than half the girls in the school have removed the bandages. When one of the girls was approached on the .subject of baptism, siie said, witli voice strained ".vith emotion, " How could I be baj5tized with i)ound feet?' which was akin to a woman in another/|>lace, sixty years 61d, who unbound her feet because she had vividly realized that ".she would be ashamed to go toddling up the golden streets with mu-
Chisa. ,313
tilatcil feet." On llif Hi>k Cliiaii); district a rule was made ■'in 1X91 not to employ a l^tnnd-footed woman as teacher.
Within a few years, and notably in 1.H94, a stroufj anti-foot-l)indiiiK wave has .spread over many jiarts of China. This found expression in correspondence, in published articles, and notably in two niass-ineetinj{.s in Shant^hai. Katie Hoax, I>r. Hoar's adopted daugh- ter, was in Shanj;hai at the time, the native dek'Kate to the Cliri.stian ICndeavor Conference. She attended the .second meeting;, and K^ve her testimony with a clear, unmistakable rinj;, which called forth the com- ment that all temporizirs of the custom ought to feel rebuked by that speech. At these mass-meetings na- tives as well as foreigners, and women as well as men, take part. Considerable solicitude is felt, in this quite prevailing crusade, about the jiosition taken by the boys' .schools, that they may be heartily committed to a course of <)p)K)siti()n to this evil, and realize, too, that reform must begin with the men. the head of the Chinese household. The mi.ssionaries are also con- vinced that the Society .should instruct its candidates with reference to this all-iiiipoitant <|Uestion. .They .say it is jiatlietic to observe how the girls pray about it unceasingly, that God would move on the hearts of Christians, and heads of boys' schools, and pastors, to make war against this mutilation of his temple.
CoSTI.V lilHI.K.
In the celebration of the sixtieth birthday, Novem- ber S, 1K94, of the Dowager Empress of China, the missionaries of the Society and the girls in their .schools contributed to the ])resent that was given her
314 lVo^f.tx's Foreign Missionary Society.
by thu Christian women of the Hnipirf. It was one of the richest copies of the New Testament ever issuej, and was about the size of a bound vohime of Harper's Maga~iiu\ with solid silver covers delicately engraved, the title embossed in fine, lar^e, solid (?old characters, vertically along the left margin. A lar^e gold ])late in the center bears the inscrii)tion to the Kmpress. The casket is also of solid silver. The entire cost was 5i,2<)<). That same morning of the presentation the Ivmperor sent a man to the Hilde Depository to purchase a co])y of the Old and the New Testaments, which he wished to own and read himself
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CHAVrbK XII. JAPAN, KOREA, RUI.OARIA.
JAI'AN.
Comimiired in 1H72 OrKUiiizeil as a Coiiftrcme in 1K84 — Women's ConftTenct orKanizcil in 1884 — Women's Work lic(,'uii in iHy.).
WHIvN' the Society laid tlic foundations of its work in Japan in 1874, t'"-' key to the situa- tion was educational work. Tokyo, one of the largest cities in the world, the center of religious, educational and political life in the Ivinpire, was entered by Dora Schoonniaker in November, 1S74. After weeks of disappointment in househunting, she was permitted to open a Cl':istian Oirls' School in a part of an old temple in Tsukiji, the foreign concession. In process of time other accommodations were obtained, the school increased in numbers, and there came a demand for higher education. It was decided to divide the pu])ils, the more advanced going to Aoyama, a j)ort of Tokyo, but at a distance of five miles from Tsukiji. The course of study adopted was very nearly the same as that of the higher seminaries in this country, except that le.ss of niatHematics is given, and no Latin or C.reek, their place being taken by the much more laborious Chinese. Besides grammar, rhetoric, and Ivnglish literature, nearly all history, as well as mental and moral science, are taught in ICnglish ; mathe- matics and the sciences are taught in Japanese by
315
W>Ww^W*' "T^^^^^rv^Trs^^^^m^:
.•?i6 IVoM.ijv'.s Foreign AtissioNiRv Socjety.
Japanese teacliers. Music, both foreign and Ja])anese, is lan>;lit. Iksidis, forniitiK a regular ])art <if the eur- rieuhini, is cnokiuK, sewing, knitting;, embroidery, and eticiuette. vScliools were <)l)ene(l in dilTerent places throujjhoul the I'lmiiire, hut the streuKlh ol the mis- sionaries and the money of the Society is largely spent on the important boarding-sehools at Ilakodati, Aoyama, and Nagasaki — (in all, there were in 1H93 eleven boarding-schools, thirteen day-schools, and two training-seliools) — and the Bible Women's Train- ing-school at Yokohama. Miss (iheer, in Kiushiu, and Miss Spencer, in Central Japan, have done more evangelistic work, gaining the working language of the .])eople, and training women as Hible women, making itineraries into the country, etc. Of the later missionaries, Miss Phelps in Sendai, Miss Imhoff in Yonezawa. Miss Haucus in llirosaki. Miss Forl>es in Kagoshima, have engaged in work not connected with scUools, visiting homes, holding women's and children's meeting.s. Of the two kinds of work, per- haps the school-work is the most encouraging. It is slower, to be sure, but the girls are l)etter grounded in the faith, an<l better able to give a reason of the hope that is in them.
Generally in all the schools the girls become ear- nest Christians before graduation. They then either become translation teachers for younger classes, per- sonal teachers of some missionary, teachers of pri- mary schools, or are married, if possible, to .some Christian man. There are .some lamentable cases of back.sliding — but what wonder? — while there are many instances cjf great faithfulness through years of oijuo- sition. For instance, the mother-in-law is \Jtr d.
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J.\r.\N. 317
Christian, and she prohibits the young wife from ever attending a Christian service. .She meekly submits, never U).ses lier faitli in Cod, l)Ut waits her lime. When at hist (lie niotberin-hiw dies, she finds her way to the Clirislian Cliurch. To have di.sobeyed the mother- in-law would have brought disgrace on the family. There has been no general revival latel>^inchuling all parts of Japan, but there are constant accessions to the Church : .steadily it is growing in favor with the pcojile. The property held by the Missionary Society is generally on a ninety-nine years' lea.se, though the Aoyania property and some others, being outside of "treaty limits," is held in the name of a Japanese as trustee. Ciood positions favorable for scliools a'.id resi- dences liave been given, and suital)le buildings erected. The jiroperlv at .\oyama is considered the finest ; that is, il is well built and well e(|uipped. Under the treat\ revisi<in, souglit by Japan for years and accom- plished in 1894, there will be greater concessions, which will i)rc>ve of great advantage in missionary operalions. When the treaty goes into operation, within five years, the foreigners will have freedom of residence, and may lease land. The hindrances to niissionary work lie in the general indifference of the educated men, and the bigotry and superstition of the uneducate<l. together with the great lack of workers. Japan has been singularly favored witli the assist- ance .ifTorcled by travelers. Joseph Cook delivered the address at the formal opening of the Nagasaki llonie.iiul School, May 29, 1.S82. In 18.S9, Professor Wilson, of Chattanooga, Tenn.. was making the lour of the world, acconii>aiiied by his children, when Mi.ss Mary gave up that pleasure for the privilege of work-
3i« Woman's FoREKiN Missionary SociEir.
iiij;- as a missionary, and was appoiiitetl to Xagoya. Hisliop Wantii, in 1KS7,, had (|iiitt.' a parly with limi : Mrs. Warren. Mrs. Cornelia Milkr, Mr. Iliff and Or. Abel, and Mrs. Stevens. Tokyo and Naga.saki re- ceived substantial, tokens from the ladies, Mrs. War- ren giving ;? i.iKX) to the work in Naga.saki.
Mrs. Mary C Leavitt, iti iH8(i, awakened a deep interest in temperaii),-e and kindred subjects wherever she spoke, as did Miss Mary Allen West, who sub- / .secpicntly went to Japan in the interests of the Woman's Christian rniun, and who found that heaven was as near to japan as Chicago. In 1SH7, Mr. and Mrs. O. J. Wilson visited Yoko- hama, and left a roll of bills sufficient to cover the exi>enses of one woman in the training-.school throughout the entire course. Mrs. Sleeper Davis liniik-d in Vokuliama, .Sei)tembcr 6, 18.S9. She had "lit- erallx ginlled the glol)e with deeds of f)eneficence." Having ;irri\ed in the Orient, she exhibited the deep- est interest in all the details of mission work. After (Japan, came China, India, and Egypt, then the Holy |I,and, Constantinople, X'enice, and lierlin. and then the "City of (iod." .May .S, 1891. Miss Josephine Carr, after spending some time in Japair went on to China, but returned to Tokyo in February, 1890, and ren<lered \:iluable aid. taking full work and teaching until Christmas v.ication. Tor the first time in the history of the Woman's Society in Japan, it was ofticially represented in 1893 by Mrs. ,S. A. Keen, of the riiiladelphia Branch, accompanied by her daughter. Her presence at the Woman's Conference brought the missionaries into clo.ser \inion with the home Society ; her unfailing sympathy rested and
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J.il'A\. 319
slri'iijithfiied tln.-iii; Ikt wonls of advice and caution were an inspiratlDU to liojiir, wiser living- She was elected I'resident of the Conference, and S|)oke at the anniversary of the Woman's Missionary Society at the Annual Conference. A),Min, in July, 1M94, an- other representative of the Woman's Society arrived in Jajian, Mrs. Mary C. Niiid. wlio accompanied liishop and Mrs. Xiiide. At the eleventh .session of the Woman's Conference she was elected I'resiilent. " Kesolntions were adopted by the members, of appre- ciation of Mrs. liishop Ninde's \ isit, with xratitnde for her hearty sympathy and interest in every detail of the work, strengthened and encouraged as they had lieeii b\ her loving presence; also for the untir- ing patience in their many consultations of Mrs. Mary C. Nind, together with her helpful advice over per- plexing c|ue.stions." It is interesting to note this woman's ceaseless activity, despite her threescore years and ten, from the day she arrived in Tok>() and was 'received.'' She visited the work in all its variety, held prayer meetings, preached to large con- gregations, '-oHK times through a Ilible woman, and sometimes one of ihe native preachers as an inter- I)reter. Slu- traveled b> iMiglish cars, first and second- class. Iiy jiurikislias. steamer, sanpiUk and, with staff and iiara-iil, climlml tit the top ofinountains. At Hirosaki. one hundred miles from Hakodati. in the interior, she was met at the entrance of the city by the pastor and le.iding women of the Church, Bible renders, leaclKr'-, and a number of the .school-girls who had come nut to welcome her. Alighting from her jin'Vikisha. (she walked through the streets fol- lowed by the p\)ple. she and the pastor leading the
■m?^n(iT-^^ymi!^f({^j^^-
i
320 IVoAfJN 's Foreign Missionary Society.
procession. At the wclconu' niuetiiiK of the si"h(M)l in lioiior of the return of the principal, Miss Baueus, and her visit, she responded. Afterward slie visited the uurse-xirls' stho<il, heUl a meeting with the Chris- tian women, a Bihle readiiijj witli the lCtij;lish-speak- injj; converts, and athlressed tlie boys' school. This is not a Christian school. It was instituted twenty years before, and Mrs. Nind is the first woman to he tluis honored. She was in Nagoya when the Emperor ])assed through, and improved the rare opportunity of seeiiif,' his Imperial Majesty. She described him as a small niaiK like most' of the Japanese, not strikingly handsome, who di<l not turn to the right or left, made no response at all. He was dres.sed in simple uni- form, and was on his way to Hiroshima, whither he was moving his troops from Tokyo, intending to remain with Uum for a time. This is considered an aggressive movement, as before his reign, thirt\ years ago, the I-!mperor was never seen, and wheii and wherever he pa.ssed, every door ami window was shut and no one perniitte<l on the street; and in i>Si)4, in presence of gathered thousands, this ICmpcror went from the north to' the .south of tlie I'jnpire to locate his army.
Mrs. Nind visited the new million-dollar liuddhist temple in Kioto, about which so mui;h had been written .iii'd said concerning the coils of women's hair used to lift the timbers. She di.scoxered that the hair sim]>ly coM-red where they coiled the rope, and was not a solid rope of hair at all. Ilcr expectant faith realizes that this magnificent temple will some day be consccrateil to the worship of the one living and true God. Another tenii)le vi.sited, erected in 1187 A. I).,
•5«?^'i*«-x'p«»^3f i*f: ' vf-^
Japan. 321
had 3,1, ,133 Rods; 1,000 of these giWed iuia^'es were five feet high, and all represented the eleven-faced, thousand-handed Kwaunon. The pronii.se was re- membered, "The idols he will utterly abolish."
Three events stand forth witli special prominence in the year 1894, of Japanese history: i. Karth- quakes. 2. Treaty Revision. 3. The War. As Commodore Perry's black shii)s dropped anchor in Yeddo Hay, and demanded of Tokyo's Tycoon that Japan open her doors to the Occident, so Japan in turn, as herald of a higher civilization, went to her neighbor China, and demanded thai Korea be given a chance to rise out of her wretched conditio,n.
Tokyo. — Miss Schoonniaker, as has already been .stated, arrived in Tokyo in 1 S74. She was joined by Miss Olive Wliiting in 1S76, who married Mr. Charles Bishop, the publishing agent of the Tokyo (lospel So- ciety, in iS,S2. A new house had been built inside the Concession, and into it they moved, with their twenty one boarders and eleven day scholars. At first the class of girls received were able and willing to pay their tuition; but the missionaries felt their work was among the ])oor especially, even if the others mu.st be disniis.sed. A ]>lan was adopted of placing the girls un- der bonds to remain from four to six years, and two years thereafter, if desired, as a.ssistants in the school; and later on the phui was adopted of taking the pupils on a three months' probation. But this did not dimini.sh the attendance. The school had to be eidarged in i,S7.s. In less than a year a fearful fire swept away everything, the inmates barely escaping with their lives. One month afterward Miss .Schoonniaker, Miss 21
322 (VoxfAy's Foreign Missionary Society.
M. A. Spencer, and Miss M. J. Holbrook were in a rented bnilding, with prosj)erity all about. MissWliit- injj had gone out beyond the compound for evangel- istic purposes. Miss Schoouniaker married 1'rofes.sor Soper in 1.H79, and resides in Cliica>;<>. In the rebuild- ing, a severe typhoon blew down the greater part of the wo<xl-work ; but in iS.Si the school was' safely housed, with .sixty-si.\ pupils, forty-seven of whom were Christians. Miss Mary A. Priest ami Mrs. Caro- line X'aii I'etten arrived in isHi, and Miss Anna IJ. Atkinson in iK.Si, and Miss Rebecca Watson in i88,v When Hi.sho]) Wiley organized the Animal Conference in 18.S4, the ladies organized a Woman's Conference, with a four years' course of study in Japanese. The school graduated its first class in the linglish depart- ment this >ear, and the exercises, together with the examinations, excited a good deal of interest. The class consisted of two girls, both of unusual ability. One was retained ;is teacher, the other — O Yen San, a ixx'tessof special promise — went to Yokohama to a.ssist in tlie prei)aration and revision of hymns for a new Jaitanese hymnal.
Children's-da)- was observed for the first time in 1884, when 3CX) jnipils from the different Methodist Ivpiscopal Sunday -schools came together in a union .service. This year open tolerance and protection was enjoyed; the gospel could be preached in every part of the Empire. September 15th, the day the .school re- opened, the most furious typhoon of twenty years vi.s- ited them, unroofing part of the building, and blowing tiles from the larger part of the rest. In 18H6, Miss Atkin.sou returned to America, accompanied by Miss Sakurai, and Mi.ss Anna M. Kaulbach arrived ou thje
^Wf^^Vf^W^y" ■'":>■; /^n V" jw?^"?' ' S'
/APAff. 323
field, followed in 1887 by Miss Mary Vance, in i,S,S8 by Miss Helle J. Allen and Miss Mary E. V. I'ardoe, in i.S89by Miss Frances E. Phelps, Miss Elizabeth R. Mender, and Miss Ella Blackstock, and in 1890 by Miss Jennie K. Locke and Miss M. G. Deniotte. Many changes were taking; place during these years. The school was divided, the high school going to Aoyania, with Miss Atkinson as principal; the other remaining at Tsukiji, with ^^iss I'ardoe as jjrincipal. Five day- schools h.ul been started, with 505 pupils, and the mis- sionaries also had the nianageniont of eight Sunday- schools, with 4,^4 scholars. Mi.ss Holbrook was in- vited to a jHisilion in the Peeress School for the daugh- ters of the nobility, which .she accepted in iS'Sy, con- tinuing some work under the Woman's Society. In i.Sijo she married Professor H. Cha])pell in the Anglo- Japanese College. Some of the missionaries gave their time to evangelistic work, holding, in 1886, as many as seventeen women's meetings weekly, a.ssisted by five Hible women. Miss Atkinson returned in 1888 with her sister. Miss Mary Atkinson. Miss Spencer opened a Bible tr.iitiing-class for the wives of native preachers who could not go to Yokohama. A new building was put uj) in 1889 in Tsukiji, when the .school numbered over 2(X). Mi.ss Kaulbaeh married Prf)fessor Wilson, of Chattanooga, Tennessee. In De- cember Miss \'ance married Profes-sor J. F. Helknap, of the Anglo-Japanese College; but continued her un- selfish devotion to Japanese women and girls until September 27, 1.S92, when she entered into rest. Her sister. Mrs. James Raikes, in iSi;4 established in the school the \fary \'ance Memorial Library, Mr. Uelknap adding to the original contril)utions the bookcase.
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324 IP'ojtf.tJv's Foreign Mission arv Society.
many books, and a fine portrait of Mrs. Hclkiiap. Miss lU'ndfr becann.- principal i)f tliis Annlo-Jupanese seminary in Tokyo in 1S91. The schools were fre- i|nently blessed with revival inflnences. In 1SH2, twenty-seven ^n\s were converted in one eveninj;. Their efforts are directed through the I'aniiliar chan- nels : a \vell-or){ani/.ed vSunday-school, a successfully- managed Woman's Missionary Society, bands of King's Daughters — seven of which were formed l>y Miss I'ar- doe — Kpworth Leagues, and ))hilanJ^hropic and teiti- j)erance work. Augu.st 31, 1S92, another lite was laid upon the altar of sacrifice. "God's finger touched Miss I'ardoe, and she slept." Tlie residt of her Cliristian leaching as an educator, whelher as preceptress of Dickinson Seminary in l'einis\lvania, or as ])rincipal of the Tsukiji Oirls' School in Japan, and her ])ure life as slie went among her students, will be her en- during montinieut. Miss Watson was a])i)<)inled to the vacancy in the school. Kindergarten teaching was introduced in 1H9V
Another eartlKiuake occurred in June, 1894. which destroyed the property in T.sukiji. and greatly dam- aged the Yokohama Home, incurring greater loss to the Society than any that had preceded it.
iNDrsTRi.M, Sciiooi,. — To the loving heart and l>usy brain of Mrs. Flora Hest Harris, the Tokyo In- dustrial School owes its beginning. "Years ago, touched with the story of the slender pittance paid in Japan for woman's work, and apjtalled at the nunilier of young women who were without honorable means by which to earn a livelihood. Mrs. Harris urged the establishing of an Industrial Home. " In April, 18.S6,
tSS???-' ■ ^'-*'^™ '*^^^^ »■' ■ ■"'■^'V ''•''. vJ^^-
Japan. 315
anioiij; tlu' lt•^.■u■i^.■sof Mrs. J. T. Harrison, of Minnesota, was a l)C(|ni'st of j^.s.ux) for tlic Woman's I'oreijjii Missionary Society, a larger portion of which was set apart for tliis new enterprise. Oreat as was tlie need, it w.is hedged aUont with difllodties. Years |)assed before the plans niateriali/ed. At length Mi.ss Ivlla M. Black.sloc^was chosen to inangnrate the work. She reached J^laP "ear the close of i.H8y. The .school ')roper opeppd April 7, if<>ji, in a small rented bnild- ing at Aoyaina, ' for all deserving women and girls .liming at selfsup])ort." The industries taught arc cooking, Japanese and foreign sewing, eml)roiilery, drawn work, knitting and crochet. There is also a hterary course, and instruction is given in drawing, Japanese etii|uelte, iiichiding Clin-iio yii, or the tea cer- emony, jiiKl flower arrangement. The Bible is sys- tematically taught, and on Ivaster Sunday, in 1.S94, *'^'^ of the pupils received baptism and admi.ssion into full nieinbL-rsliip of the Church. .Several others were re- ceived on probation, leaving only two pupils, among the thirty-three enrolled, not Christians. On Decem- ber 16, 1S93, the new Ilarri.son building was formally dedicated by Bishop Foster, Dr. Spencer, Chairman of the Building Committee, .and two distinguished Ja- panese educators assisting. During the ' ICartlnpiake Conference" of 1.S94, the Woman's Conference found pleasant accommoilations in this Home, the only building of all the Methodist Mission in Tokyo and Yokohama that withstood the severe shock, with only slight damages, of the June eartlupiake.
YoKOHAM.v. — In Yokohama, as in other parts of Japan, the married missionary women gave great as-
386 Woman's Foserow Mlssionaky Society.
sistniicc ill opi'iiiiiK .schools, superitili'iidiiiK the work, carryiiij; on cv.iiiKflistic work, 'and filling vacani'ics. Ill ()ctol)fr, 1H79, Susan It. IliKK'i"'^ arrived in Yoko- hanin, and the ist (hiy of Novi'iiibfr coiiiincnci'd .school with four iliiUlrcn and three adults. She also commenced work anions the mothers of the children, accompanyiiiK tlie Bible women on her rounds. March I St, she had fifty-two in .school, re(|uirin>; an as- sistant Japanese teacher. In less than nine inonths she was mysteriously called home. As the lovely form waV home, at six o'clock in the eveniuK, to the beautiful cemetery on the bluff at Yokohama, where slee|) the men and women of so many creeds ami na- tions, and was laid to rest beside the jjrave of little Flossie, Mrs. Harris's baby daugliter, the birds that had souRht refujje in the leafy branches of the trees overhead burst forth in one glad son^ of welcome, only snrpa.ssed t)y that the angels .san^ when they wel- comed her to the "Jeru.-talein. my >;oldeii." It had been her desire to start a Bible woman's trainin^j-school. In 1X81, Miss Kmma J. Benton and Miss Atkin.son o|)ened a boardinj^-school at this place, and in i8.S_^ the N'ew Ivngland Branch raised J.^.S'io. over and above their appropriations, for a meniorial to their lovely Miss Hij;gins. A house was bou>rlit, and named the " Higgins Memorial," and Mrs, Van I'etten was transferred from Tokyo to establish a Bible wo- man's training-school. Her first i)iipils were seVen women, mostly widows. June 2,^, 1887, the first grad- uating exercises were held, when three young women passed in the course of study prescribed by the Japa- nese Conference. These students do all their own .work — sewing, washing, ironing, and cooking. They
■*i*i«»«^fr'W?r*''^'i^
Japan. , 327
make country trips witli tlii: missionaries, arc class- leaders, and teacli in tlie Sunday-school. Indeed, the Yokohama Sunday-scliool, wliich nninliered three hundred and fifty as early as 1.S87, was built up through these Kible women, who would ^;o out every Sunday and jjatlier the children in. One afternoon each week class-work is suspended while they k" '"it. two by two, into the homes of the people. In 1890 a new building was furnished, large enough to accom- modate fifty persons. Miss A. S. I'rench arrived, and immediately took half the care and work. Thirty- seven wr)men were enrolled during the year. The standard had been raised, and the course extended to four years. January n;, 1893, Miss M. H. Orifliths was transferred from Tokyo to take Mrs. Van retten's place, and allow her to take a much-needed rest in the home-land. The tenth anniversary was held in 1S94, and the occasion signali/e<l by holding its first Bible Woman's Convention, inviting all the twenty-one graduates. Thirteen women assend)led in answer to the invitation, and talked together of l)ygone days and compared experiences. A daily con.secration service, reports of work, consultations on various sub- jects coniiecte<l with their work, fqrmed the pro- gram for each day. The views of the Convention on tile lielpfulncis of the training receive<l in the .school ,were given. I'naninious testimonies showed that the direct study of the Bible and theology, com- mitting Scripture to memory, music and singing, and the feeling begotten in the school that direct evangel- istic \Cork is the work of those who arc trained there, . had all proved essentially beneficial and helpful ; that bettct Mormal training for Sunday-school work was
f,--!j-i..,<*>,-
ET
.^ j8 Woman 's FoKKfcs A//ssfo\.ikr SocrETY.
(Ifsirahli- ; iiiul tliat la Hiblc woman who is ko(m1 at scwiiiK and lumsckccpiiig at oiui' cuininands tin- re- spect W her Japaiusc sisters. During the, severe eartlniuake i>f June 2otli. tiiotiKli a stone chimney fell into the )^n\>' ilormitor\ , all were mercirully preserved. At a teahring wareliouse in the nei;;hl)orlnH)d, many poor workers were seriously injured and some killed. AliiMit thirly woundeil ones were carried to Hhe Ue- nevolenl Society Hospital, where the students, and also many t'roni the Cliristian vjiils' .schools, worked in de- tachments, day anil ninhl, helping nurse the sufferers. It wa.s a new experience tor them ; but they worked bravely and well, earning the wondering gratitude of those whom they were serving, and the admiration of the police officials, who were in constant attendance, as well as the public ackuowledgnicnf in the native papers of their services. As the sufferers began to get l)ctter, they would ask : " How is it that you, who are all so young, are so able and willing to do such work as this, and to care for us strangers?" And the answer was: " WT.- are followers of Christ, who died on the cross to save us, and we are tending you for his .sake."
There ha\ e been altogether about onf hundred and twenty-five names enrolled in the Hible Training- school during the first ten years of its existence, many of whom, though, failed to complete the cqurse. In l.S94,^here were thirty-four students.
The day-.schools have been in charge, during vary- ing periods, of Miss R\ilofson, Miss l-'rench, and Miss Simons. In 1.S94, there were four schools, with .seven- teen native teachers, and over five hundred enroll- ment. '.
\ \ Japan. ,^29
Ki.— |P»ii Mi
Nagasaki.— |p»ii Miss lUi/nl>i.'t)i Russell mid Miss OlietT arrivedln N'anMs,iki,»Js'<>vfiiilicr it,, 1B79, there were l)Ut four Clirislians in the iitv. 'I'liis was the center of tlie ecclesiastical power of the Jesuits, which resulted so disastrously in persecution and massacre of thousands of native Clii i^lians in the early part of the seventeenth century. These youni^ wo- men rented a house, and opetieil a school December y\, with one boarder, a younK widow, educated in Japa- nese style, but who was a Christian, and wanted to fit herself fora Hible woman. In iss^, Miss iMuma Ivver- dinK w.as added to the teaching Inue. A new l)utldinjj, beautiful for situation, uusurpas.'sed in Japan, was ready for occupancy. The^ missionaries were impor- tunate in their demand for an outpouring of the Spirit, whyi a wonderful religious awakening enco\iraKed them. It spread to the lioy>' school and to the Church. They furnished the first mourners'-bench ever seen in XaKasaki, when lorty-five persons were at the altar in one eveninj;, and thirty-five the f()llowin)i; evening. In 1.S.S5, Miss Minnie J. Ivlliott came. The scho<d enrolled one hundred and seven pupils, and the teaching force ^was divided. Miss I, Ida H. Smith was sent to Kukuoka, seventy miles away, to start a branch school. At the closing of the first year there the en- rollment was sixty-four. Miss Oheer took the depart- ment for the training of Uible women. Two of the older girls were sent to Kagoshima to open a school. Miss Helle J. Allen was sent out in iM.SS, and was ap- pointed to Kukuoka. Miss Oheer was obliged to come home in i.S,S6. From the first, the projectors of the Naga.saki s(;Jii)ol detern>ined it should be high grade ; aiid thaV^s it developed, it should be worked under
'wmw/'
330 IVojtr.iJv '.s Foreign Missionary Society.
departments headed by s|H;cialists. Miss Anna L. BiuK went out in iMSH to take charge of the nuisicnl work. She li:ul faith in her ile|)urtinent, iiiid liehevcd the Japanese lould l)etauglit tlic hest music. In i«yi, thirty-nine stndent.s were enrolled — nineteen on the orKnn, nineteen on the piano, and one in vocal culture. When the fact is known that 110 Japanese instrument has a keyboard, and that in consciiucnce players do not learn the use of all their fiufjers. then the threat change brouglit about is ap])areut. A library of music became a necessity, since music-stores were so far away ; and a collection has bccii made of over one hun- dred and seventy compositions, which is tlie property of the sch<x)l. the pupils paying: rent by tlie term for their use. Clioral classes have been taught; concerts have been given ; a harmony class was organi/.ed in iSi;^: rehearsals are enjoyed; and during the revival the enthusiastic singing was a potent factor in the success of the sjTvices. Ill lSi;4, Miss Bing was obliged to come home, her physical strength having been sorely tried, and some of her olderpupils are carry- ing forward tlie work. Miss Maude Simons arrived ii» i.SKi), and took charge of the Art Department. At the exhibit, Commenccnient-w^ek. in 1X92, over 4(X) specimens of drawings from nature and from models of wood-carving attested to the skill and industry of both teachers and stu<lenls. An elegantly-carved bookcase in tlie SI hool library shows what the class of 1892 ilid, to k.ivc their memory with Alnia Alitlir. Miss Louise ImliolT teaclied Japan in i8.Sy, and did good service in the Indu.strial Department for a time. Miss A. S. French also arrived in iS.Sy; and Mrs. Van Petten made her way to Naga.saki early in 1894, arriving just
'iJmy^W'^^^W^ ^^7'^^
jAPAff. ,^31
in time to save the I<il)Iicnl De|)artmcnV In 1HM9, Miss KuHsell, Miss Mverding, and \(u<s Klliott, ail had to come hointt. Among tiic ap)>lici\]its for 1K95 is a nativu of the I.ooChoo Islands, who is n Cliristian woman, desirous of preparinu liersclf for worlc among lier own jKople. The first visit to tliese islands, al)out fonr hundred miles soutli of Kiusliiti, by a represent- ative of the Woman's Society, was made by Miss I'Mla Forljes, of, KaK<>shima^in iH<^3. Metiiodism had l)tcn planted there about six months, and already' had seven- teen members, and several others earnestly studying the Hible. The pastor found it impossible for him to work among the women. Immediately, the Wo-' man's Missionary Societies at the various stations adopted these islands as the field for their foreign missionary work, and determined to send out a Bible woman. Mrs. Van I'etteii was the next rci)resentative of the Society to go. In 1H94, Miss Oheer made an- other visit to these islands, and was much impres.sed with the opportunities amouK half a million of jieople, who are ])ractically without a r6Ii);ion. The largest Woman's Christian Temiarance Tuipn in Japan is in Naga.saki, and has^ne hundred and thirty memliers. Miss t)mnra. the President, is called their I'"rances Wil- lard. She sometimes accompanies Miss (Iheer in her itineraries. On one of these trips she lectured thirty- six times in twenty-seven places, to audiences of from thirty to three hundred. .Miss Oiniira has tried very hard to get into the public schools, but has been barred out on account of being a Christian. She has also tried to gain access to the prisons, in order to work among the women ; but the*Buddhist priests have the right of way there. Though thwarted here
''ff^s^^m^^W^'^w
:Si2 H'OUA.y 'S FOREK.N AflSSlONAlir SOCIKTY.
and tnriifd nsidi- tlu-rc, slio ki'c|is riKht <»n, never dis- coiiranc-d, sun- thai Ikt Mat-i-doiiia liis tiol far aliearl.
iM'KntKA. — In iH.Si(, Miss Alli-ii liad lo ^o from I'ukuiika to Nagasaki, and Miss Martlia Taylor, who arri^'d in iS<)o, was sent to Fukuoka. iR iHij^ she iHcanie Mrs. Callahan, an<l entered the mission of the Mithodist C'linrih S<>ulh. Then Miss Leonora Seeds and Mi>s(',raee Tucker were appointed to this plaee. The school ntiinhered, in \><ii)i, seventy-five girls; thirty live of whom Were hoarders. There were ten conversions that year. Miss ICIla KorlK's was sent to JCagoshima in ifSvi, wliere there seemed a wonderful opening; hut after maii\ trials the school had to be given up, hecanse it was impossihle to work on the only basis they were willing lo allow. Other work was carried on with s\ieccss. After two years there were two women's meetings, averaging fiftylive ; two ailult classes, with an alteiidauce of fifty : four vSnii- day-scliools, a\er.iging rSs; one Auxiliary of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, which con- triliuted 5x41' the first year; ten conversions, and four baptisms. Miss Forbes's health broke down, and she returned home in 181)4, and marrie<l in iS.js.
Von l'.ZAW.\. -Miss Mary H. Griffiths, in 1H89, after reaching JajKin was apixiiuted to evangelistic work in Yonezawa, and Miss Mary Atkinson, who ar- rived the year before, was sent Intake charge of the school, which began with eighteen students, ancl ended the year with forty-eight. Miss Orirtilhs was called to Tokyo in ).Si>o, and Miss Louisa Indioff'was sent to Yonezawa. In the spring of i.Sy4, Miss Im-
■■7'??f»55'^'^™''3? f'f '■'' ,5^^. ■• "^^
Japan. 333
hoff received nii injury in her riKht eve, ciuised liy u stone thrown at her as slic wan ahont to return from an evening meeting hchl in tlie park, striking her Klaxseii anil lireakinK theni, wlien two small pieces of glass pierced her eye. Both Christian and ncm-Chris- tian showed her the profoundest sympathy ; the highest ollicials of the city and district either called ill person, or sent her >;ifts, or made other expressions of their sympathy and regret. The people Keiierall.\ were greatly stirred over the matter. .Miss IinliofT re- turned home in iK95,aiid Miss liancns was transferred to Yoiie/.awa. Miss Alice Otto was al.so sent out that year.
NacoVA. — Work was coimneiiced in the populous city o( NaKoya. Octoher .V iHHH, Miss M;iry A. Dan- forth and Miss Mary I".. Wilson were the orKani/.ers, mana;;inn so judiciously that during the first year eighty-six pupils were enrolled. The success of the school is without a precedent in Jajian. The great eartli<|uake .,f Oclolier jS, i.Siji, in Nagnya and the siirrtiundinj; country partially deslrii\ed more than 3o,iKx> houses, .and entirely (Uuiolislicd more than So.fxx). Many tlmusands of the iiilialiitants were killed, and a still larger niimher injured. The tri- umphant strain of the psalmist comforted the mis- sionaries: ' Cod is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble. Therefore will not we fear, though tile earth be removed, and though the niouii- tains be carried into the midst of the sea." They spent the riisl week after it under the open sky, with the earth ireniblinj,' beneath them, and the air filled with the elaUK of fife-bells or the rumble of incessant
334 Woman's Fombign Missionary Society.
nhocks. Yoshi Siin, who had lived in Hiikixinti, wrote the story of this c;irlhi|uake to her dear friend and patron in New York, Mrs. Wright, as foHows : " From the cvi-ninK nf the jjth till the next morn-
Miss MAKV A DAMdKTll
iiiH. the earlli <iuake(l nineteen times ; Imt these shocks were weak, .so llie pt-ople did not mind them. But alxmt half past six, when the s^).irrows began their chattering, tlie ijnaking changed to a terrible oscilla- tion, and the most appalling devastation began. The edifices began to rock right, left, above, and below.
/A I' AN. 335
Till- oHcillntioti CDiitiimeil sivi-ii minutes, witli aliso- lulc fu-rfeiu-s!». Tin- ImililiiiKH all s<-fmcMl like liltic l)oats ill llif iK'eaii, surrimiiilol by violeiil wave». In siimt- i-ilies there is iKit even one house without injury, ami nearly nil the hoiiites were broken down. In the street the soumis of the falliiiK of thoiisnnds of dishes from hinh shelves, the (TuinWinj? of the great chinnu ys of tin- laige stores, the pitiful iry of <lisaiipointment through tlie eit^, rose louder niid stroii^;er as the sun rose hijjher. The loss of thou- sand> of preiions lives and of sulistaiiee> is beyond reckoning In one lily there was not only an earth- ([Uake. but a ^!reill fimflatjration fulloweil. The stu- dents of the norinnl si hool and aiadenu , as well as the laborers, workeil very hard to put down tlie fire; but in six iiionients thousands of houses broke into flames, anil two huiKlml |)eopli- were burned. The people made their tents in the roa<l, and slept there at iiiKht They are destitute of food and elothiiij;. The hi.s|)itals were full of wouiideil persons. O, what a wretehed state they were in! I think this earlli(|nake is the most terrible one that ever t(M)k place in Japan. Ivven the earlh(|uake which took plaec thirty seven years .i^jo in Vedi> i Tokyo), wdiich made us tremble to hear of. can not be compare<l to this." On the stli of July was held the first Coinroence- inent, when, for the first time in the history of NaRoya, two Cliristi.ni voniiK ladies stood before a coiujiany of in\ ited quests as ihe representatives of a higher edu- cation for Women. On account of the agitation in re- gard to the ownership of jiroperty the building so niueli needed is |)ostponed. Miss Danforth came home in iSv3, followed by Miss Wilson in i8i>4,
■'fr^^ri^r «-''';;j9V''*<' "^^';--T»•'^'■^.■-'"J,8»fW,■
.^36 Woman 's Foih<i<:.\ Mission. inr Socikty.
but not tiiitil aftiT MisH Carrie A. lUatoti liad arrived. MiNH Harriet S. AlliiiK. \vi4 also sviit out in IN<)4 There was a total cnrollmeii^n the st-hool of seventy- five, nil of wlioiii Here sclf-sMpporting. ^
Hakiiuvti. - When Miss Si A. rricsl was sent to Ilakcxlati. "Ihe l^ve ol the North," in 1H7H, she wad the only Protestant lady missionary in alt North Japan, and contimicd to he for two Mars, not one nearer than Tokyo, which is five hinidred miles south. Mhviii K'fl'' ''•"! l"en ^;atllcred into the sihool, when, I>eceml)er 0, i.S;^, a disa.strous fire, whii'h consumed two thirds «)f the city, deprived her of a sihool-house. She taught for a time in her hedrooni. Hut her health failed, an<l she returned home. Miss Kate W'liodwortli arri\ed in Decemlier, is.Sci, in a violent snowstorm, N'o jinrikisha could he pr<H-nred, an<l she was obliged to climh the hill in a <leel> snow. Miss Mary II,im|it<)n was also sent out that year; and in iH«i the " Caroliuc \Vri«ht .Memorial " was built, a Kift to the mission fny^ ^''^- J- A. WriKlit, of New York City, from the proceeds of a fair held in her own parlors. ■ With matchless skill and perse- verance, for ei>;ht months she wroiiKlit, like the silk- worm, her life into her lablirs, until, when arrange- ments for the .sale were completed, ^'ovend)er 29, i.s.si, it was a marvel of even Oriental elet^ance of drapery and desiKii. Cards of invitation had l>een issued to friends, and at the close of a three days' re- ception, which had all the charm and grace of i)rivate hospit.dity, there had been an exchaiiKc of values ^upon the prim iple of commercial cipiivalents, which Kit the sum of 5i,7<k3 in the treasury, as the seal of
...^
JM'AN. 337
the Master's word, ' Give, and it shall be given unto you.' The beautiful net-dlevvork decorates lovely homes, while the money raised the walls of Christ's kinfjdunt ; and thus aK'iin is fulfilled the command, full uf both liiiMian nnd Divine meaning, 'Render unto Caesar the thiuKS that are Caesar's, and unto G(k1 the things that are God's.' One of the bean- tirtil features of the wcasion was the" presence and assistance of the two only children of the two^ daughters in whose memory this dee<l of love wa« done. One of them, a child ot twelve years, became so iulereslvd tliat she made some simple articles, and asked the privilege of having a table of her own; and tlie receipts were $40, with which she intended to buy a sewing-machine for the Home." But the donor's interest and generosity did not stop with this. IVrhaps no woman in tlie Church has sent so many bo.xes, cdiitaiiiiiig vahiuble gifts, both for mis- sionaries and pupils, India sharing with Japan, in these gifts. An enumeration of the articles would make too long a list ; but among the most imix)rtant Were two new Mason and Hamlin organs, three sewing-machines to Japan, and one to India, com- forters, blankets, plaid woolen shawls by dozens, wool stockings in large quantities, books, scrapbooks, dolls, bed-linen, pillows, table-linen, etc. She interested her personal friends from many places, and in other de- nominations, who assisted her with .supplies. Both the Bible Society and Methodist Book Concern made her liberal contributions.
Dr. Ilamisfar reached Hakodati in 1883, and Miss Ivlla Hewett in 1SH4. The school had to be enlarged ; the number enrolled during the year 1887 was one
32
^Wrf^iW^'''~'T''^'i^^^!^^^'^^
3,^8 l^OMAy's Foxn/f.y Missiosaky Socikty.
huii(lr(.'<l iiinl fi)ur, sixty-Htvcn hc-iiiK b<>iir(liiiK-f*chol- art. A braiicli-i«ch<><)l was <HH-iif<l timt year in Hironaki, and the niiniionaricH took turnit in su|K.Tin- tvndinK it f<>f Wftks, and soiMctimt-s one would j{o and stay tliri-c nionllis
Mi»H HfWftt left in NovenilKT, i8.Hy, ami for family reasun.i has not rcturni<i, bnt Miss AuKU'-ta DickiT- M)n had come out, and Miss Ocorxiana liaucus ar- rived the followinjf year. ICai'h of tlicni jjavi- some time to IliroNiki. Miss NaKoniinc, one of the most vahiat)le native teachers, ninrried, in tiie siirin^ of 18M8, Mr. Honda, one of tlic leading men in the Japan Conference, n reserve dele^jate to tlie (Icneral Confer- ence. Tliey made their lionio in Hirosaki that year, and she rendereil Miss Hampton valnal)le aid. The faihirc of Miss Kaullmcli's healtli caused her to try another thniate, and she was transferred to Yone/.awa. In September, |HS.S, the first ^radnatinK exercises were held, when two f,\T\s who had l)een in the .si'hool from the very start, successfully finished their course of .study. The course covers ei^ht years. This is the school of highest ^f'^de; ami has the best reputa- tion of any school north of Sendai. Two mission- aries strcntJthcned the force in 1S94— Miss I-Morence Iv Singer to Hakodati, and Miss Irene Lee to Hiro- saki. As >^. as possible, the school conforms to Japanese ways. A kocmI deal of att«ntion. in all the schools in Japan, is paid to manners, and in order to educate the girls properly, sometimes interesting ex- aminatious are held in Japanese ctii|mrtte, when a novel feast is arranged, one girl taking the part of host, and others that of attendants. A ceremonious dinner is given, and though the food j^ all simulated —
JAIA.S. 3,^9
finh, vegetables, etc., IxitiK artiittirall)' made or cloth — everything is handled >«> deftly «iid the inotenicntN of the waiter* are no KrAcelui^ tlut a pretty MKht i» afforded. I
NuHSK oiruh' Schooi..— The h^eart of the for- eiK'ier is tomlicd with pity for none more, perhnpH, than for the little tiurse-Kirl in Japan, who, at work or at play, from morning to ni^ht, is burdened with the weight of another child, !«carcely smaller than herself. One of the saddest features of this system of caring for small children is the fait that it deprives a large class of twirls of all educational privileges, except those rather (lucstiouable ones afforded by the street. The mis.sionaries in Hirosaki have put forth some initial efforts to help these little unfortunates in opening a nurse-girls' school in 1H9.V and they found tl\e results highly interesting and .satisfactory.
WoMANS #)NFi;kHNCK.— Since I88,^ a Woman's Conference has been held in Japan, convening at the same time and place as the Japanese Annual Confer- ence, and composed of all the representatives of the Society and tlfe women of the General Uoard. It has a fo«r years' course of shuly for the mi-Ssionaries, a two years' course for Japanese Christian workers, and a one year's course for other Christian women. Aoyan^a Is always the meeting-place. It has been custoniary for the presiding Bishop of the Annua^ Confei^nce to open these Woman's CoiiTerences, the . First Vice-President usually in the chair thereafter. But at i^fTteiith sissiiin great was the rejoicing in the present^ of one of the Home Secretaries, Mrs. Keen,
{
340 WOAfAN'S FOKEICM MlSSlONAttf SOC/ETV.
who presided at evvry session and informal meeting, fn the interim sitting witli committees, and hearing and answering questions innumeralile. She solved many difficult problems, unraveled many perplexities, and comforted many hearts. Twice she gave public addresses; one before the Annual Conference on the occasion of the Woman's Anniversary, the other at the closing session before the members of the Woman's Conference alone.
Again, at the eleventh session, in 1894, the mem- bers were favored with the presence of two of the home-workers, Mrs. Hishop Ninde and Mrs. Mary C. Nind. The last named was elected President. This was called the Earthquake Conference, and was held in the Harrison Industrial School-building, the only one which did not suffer .seriously from the earth- quakes a few weeks before. The one great question to be settled concerned the con.solidation of the Aoyama and Tsukiji schools, on account of the unsafe condition of the Tsukiji building after the earlh(|uake ; and thi- cost of repairs being almost as great as that of a new building. Mrs. Nind appointed a Huilding •Committee for both Tokyo and Yokohama. At the cl8se of the Conference, MrS. Nind gave a short ad- dre.ss, beginning with commendation, continuing with advice, and closing^ with exhortation. It was full of love, sympathy, and inspiration.
The twelfth .se.ssion convened in the ladies' semi- nary at Aoyama, July 11, 189.S, Bishop Walden pre- siding at the opening .session, when he expressed his surprise and regret that the sessions of the Woman's Conference should be distinct from tho.se of the Annual Conference. There were sixteen representatives of
' Japan. 3*4 i
the Society present, besides several members of tl>e General Board, and a few visitors from America and ^'hina. In the election of officers, Mrs. Bishop VVal- den was elected President. At this se.ssion the in- structions of the Home Reference Committee were read concerning the furnishing of certified copies of all deeds of property owned by the Society in foreign countries being sent to the Treasurer, Mrs. Slcidniore, as custodian. A request from the Annual Conference was read for the selection of a member of the Woman's Conference to serve on next year's Entertainment Committee. In con.sequence of the inequality of ex- penses incurred by those coming from the extreme north and .south, and that which the ladies in Aoyama incur in preparing for so many guests, it was decided to pool all expenses, and divide in equal shares.
AuxiuiARiES. — In 1 8^6 an Auxiliary in Yokohama was organized, known as the Higgins Memorial Aux- iliary, pledging the support of one scholarship in the training-school. It belongs to the New Iingland Branch. March 26, 1887, an Auxiliary was organized in Tokyo, reporting to the Northwestern Branch. Within six months there was $25 in the treasury to- ward supporting a Bible woman in the training-school in Yokohama. Girls are much interested in the meetings, which are generally attended by the entire school, whether members or not. There are now two Auxiliaries in Tokyo, one in Kagoshima, and one was organized in Fukuoka, wheji every woman who was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church became a membei of the Woman's Foreign Missionary So- ciety.
'j^-v^y?" -•»'» ■ ';
342 Woman's Foreign Missionary Society.
KOREA. Coiiimeiiced in 1883.
" You are making a great mistake. Why don't you work She other way?" siiid an intelligent Korean to a missionary.* " If you want to win Korea, win the women. Win the mothers, and all Korea will be Christian." But they can not be reached by men, and but a handful of women who love Christ have gone to seek them. Korea was opened to civilization and to the gospel in 1882. The first company of mi.ssion- aries representing the Methodist Episcopal Church started for Korea in January, 1885, but found, on reaching Japan, news that made an onward move- ment somewhat hazardous. Dr. Maclay advised that • the party be divided, thus avoiding the -suspicion that ■ might arise if they went in a body. Mrs. Scranton, of the Woman's Society, and Dr. vScrauton's wife and child, remained in Yokohama until June, when they joined the rest of the party in Seoul, the capital of Korea. Things were in an un.settled state. Civil war seemed imminent at times, and war between Eng- land and Russia probable. A group of obstacles was met in the social customs of the people. " Family life is tiioroughly patriarchal. Marriage is almost obliga- tory ; the unmarried state a shame to either sex. Male children are esteemed becau.se they perpetuate tlie ancestral line and maintain ance.stral worship. Female children, at marriage, arq transferred to the family of their husbands, and, therefore, are lightly esteemed by their parents; while the wife who brings forth only daughters is likely to find herself .soon re- placed iu her spouse's affections. Young people take
^^^mrf^-f^W'W^^^r'-W^W
/Coke A. • 343
no part in the choice of their partners. Women of the better classes rarely leave their homes. Tho.se .seen upon the streets all belong to the lower orders. The wife is never looked upon as a companion by her helpmeet, and if she belong to a respectable class, paSses her life in the .seclusion of the woman s quar- ters." Such is Korean life. The Christian household is an innovation which revolutionizes the very basis of society. This is inevitable. Christian homes are a prime essential of the Christian Church, and the Chri.stian home involves much at variance with Korean views. Missionary work was at a great di.sadvantage. A beginning was made without a Bible, without a dic- tionary or grammar, without even a leaflet to put in the hands of the people.
Mrs. Scranton, recognizing the necessity for a home where she could gather the women about her, wrote to tlie Society for permission to buy a piece of prop- erty in a commanding situation, overlooking the Amer- ican Legation. Through the generosity of Mrs. W. E. Blackstone, of Chicago, $3,000 was given for the purchase, and October 23, 1885, the Woman's For- eign Missionary Society was the owner of real estate in the city of Seoul, and the work of educating the wouien and girls was begun. In le.ss than two years medical work and direct evangeli.stic work were added. Miss Louisa C. Rothweiler was the second mi.ssion- ary appointed to Korea in 18S7, and the first .sent out from the German Methodist Church. It is claimed that the first Protestant baptism in Korea adminis- tered to women, was by Rev. Mr. Appenzeller, of the General Society, who was embarrassed at their not hav- ing names, and baptized them, giving them the names
344 Woman 's Foreign Missionary Society.
of Mary, and Martha, and Miriam. February 12, 1HS9, he organized a class among the women who had been receiving religious instruction, and tile following Sun- day bapti/cd nine persons. A few days later, eight others were received on probation. On account of the rigid seclusion of a large part of the wonien, it seemed necessary to organize them for the time into a separate Church, and the Rev. F. Ohiinger, at the annual meeting in 1S89, was as.signed their pa.stor. In 1894, Bi.shop Ninde dedicata^'a small chapel, built es- pecially for the women by the native Church. Mis- sion work in Korea rejoices in visible results without long waiting. The native Christian women are help- ful in .selling books, Sunday calendars, and in giving out Sunday-school lesson helps. They al.so act as in- terpreters, though they have t^^kteu sometimes to insulting remarks made abou^P^othem. At one time it was .suggested to oireof the.se earnest Chris- tian women that she had better stay at home, and they would get along as best they could without her. To this she made reply: "After you ladies have come thousands of miles to teach us Jesus' love, and you receive insult from niy countrymen every day, shall •! stop doing all I can for Jesus just becau.se 1 am in- sulted? No. If I obey Je.^us, their insults will not hurt me. I want to do all I can to help my Korean sisters to get the .same peace in their hearts that I have in miue, because I love and .serve Christ."
In 1886, soon after the new building was occupied,
the president of the Foreign Office, in order to show
the people that Mrs. Scranton had the confidence of
. the Government, sent the scliool-nanit, " Pear Flower
School," which was framed accurdiua to custom, and
KoKBA. 345
huiix over the bijj Rate. Shortly after a kfiiison fol- lowed. The kiiiisoiis arc soldiers who are attachefl to certain ofTicials, always acting as escort whenever they go out. They carry letters and do similar errands. They can not he employed except by special favor of the king. His presence about the place, or accompanying Mrs. Scrantoii, was really a great thing in Korean estimation. In 1895 he was called back into Government .service an?l greatly missed.
In 1888, during the political disturbances, when all religious teaching had to be suspended, the king was friendly and ordered seventy-five soldiers from Chemulpo to (piiet the disturbance.
Miss Margaret Uengel was appointed to Seoul in i89o,Jind three years later became the wife of Rev. G. H. Jones, and pioneered the work in Chemulpo in 1893, the first work among women outside of Seoul. After one year's work, there were eight baptized women, seven children, three full members, and thir- teen probationers. Several times she was called to houses to take down the fetiches worshiped by the women who wanted to break loose from heathenism.
Miss Josephine O. Payne arrived in Seoul in 1892, and Miss Mary W. Harris and Miss Lulu E. Frey in 1893, who, with Dr. Cutler and the trahied nurse, Miss LewirS, brought the working force up to seven em- ployees of the Woman's Society. Kvangeli.stic work succeeds better than school-work, the school at Seoul in 1893 numbering thirty-five girls, and in 1894 only twenty. Troublous times was partly the cause. Dur- ing the war in 1894, a United ^tates warship went to Chemulpo to protect American interests, not the lea.st of which are our American missionaries, tn March,
'^W^f%"™nf^7K''^7A^^^
I
346 IVojtr.t.y 's Foreign Missionary SocfBTr.
1894, Mrs. Scraiitoii made the first country trip ever undertaken by a woman, and during the eight days occupied, fully six hundred women heard the Rospel message. She had an audience with the king and queen and the crown prince in 1.S95, and was in- vited to other homes of high officials. In less than six months, over one thousand Korean women were received by Mrs. Scranton in her own room, the majority coming es])ecially for religious teaching.
INDl'.STRI.M. KDIC.VTION.
Industrial schools have come to be of great, im- portance in foreign missionary work. The time has come for a revtdutioii in the old-time practices in India and elsewhere. Let the men go into the fields, the foundry, and the factory; and let the women take their places in the hospital, at the desk, and in the shop. Let men stop their dressmaking and sewing, and give such work to the women ; let them stop sweeping and making beds, and then this will drift into the hands of women. Industrial schools are needed where girls can be trained in specialties. They need to be taught one thing, and to do it well. A beginning has been made by the Woman's Society in some of the mi.ssions. In Pithoragarh, a station in the Himalayas, some fifty women support them- selves by working on the farm in connection with the Home for the Homeless. They cultivate rice and other grains. The Home for Homeless Women in Lucknow, established in 1882, is maintained by the work of women. Tlrey are trained in the use of the sewing-machine, and do plain and fancy sewing and knitting. Poi,nt-lace and gold-thread embroidery
Indvstkim. Education. 347
are also taught. ' In the cook-house, jams and other sweets are prepared for sale. All are instructed in housekeeping. The blind are also taught to knit and to care for themselves, looking to self-support. A woman's workshop has been opened on one of the principal streets in Rangoon, Burma. A fore- woman is employed to oversee the work and take orders. Some sixty women here make their own living. Industrial work is made a specialty in Tokyo, Japan, where a building was erected in September, 189,1, for industrial teaching, in order that the women, to so great an extent destitute of the means of self- support, may be helped to a way of independent liv- ing. While emphasis is placed on Japanese^ewing, instruction is given in foreign sewing, knitting, and crocheting, embroidery, straw-work, and cooking. In addition, some of the fine arts are taught ; such as drawing, crayoning, water-color painting, and wood- carving. Orders are taken in America for some of their beautiful embroidery.
Manual-labor schools in a country with so com- plex a civilization as China meet with difficulties of peculiar obstin.icy; but by a long trial these can, no doubt, be overcome.
In all the boarding-schools and orphanages in every mission field, the girls are taught sewing, dress- making, cooking, and general house-work. In India .the native Christian girls are taking responsible posi- tions; one, educated in the Bareilly Orphanage, has been selected to take charge of the woman's depart- ment in a Government hospital in North India; others are clerks in dispen.saries ; one has been appointed to take charge of a post-office — a Uping unknown in India
■^^•f"
t 348 IVoMAN's FoREia:) AfissroNARY Society.
before — and some are in charge of waitiiig-rooras at .. railway stations
J BULGARIA «
%
4 Commenced in 1857— Left without a resident missionary in 1864— Abandoned in i87i~-Re-occupie(l in 1873-Broken up in 1877— Renewed in 1879— Const-.iuted a Mission Con- ference in 1872 — Woman's Work organized in 1884.
The Woman's P'oreign Missionary Society began work in Bulgaria in 1874, by supporting one or two ISible women and two or three girls in the school of the American Board at Samokof. The Rev. Mr. Flocken, the Superintendent of the mission, was very much interested in woman's work, and employed Clara Proca for the Woman's Society as Bible woman at Tultscha, in Eastern Bulgaria, on the Danube. She was of German descent, and one of the first scholars in the mission-school in i860. When she was sixteen years old (1864), she was appointed a.ssist- aut teacher. Clara was able to instruct the women in several different languages. She reached the hearts of those for whom she labored. But the work was soon disturbed by the unsettled condition of the country, caused by ttle Turko-Russian war. Many of the native Christians were murdered; and some of the funds in hand were granted to care for the orphans of the preachers who were killed in the war. The Rev. Mr. Flocken returned to America, and the work and workers were scattered. After matters were .settled and the country became quiet, Rev. D. C. Challis, who had been appointed superintendent, and who went to Loftcha, feeling the importance of again undertaking the work among women, opened a school
^B^V^^^'C^VT?; '!!?"'', ™^^^
Bulgaria.
349
for girls, November, i8«o; and being unsuccessful in securing a Bulgarian teacher, he and Mrs. Challis took the work upon themselves, and cared for the ^irls in their own home. While these people ^re not low and degraded like the heathen, there are rea- sons why we should help them, chief among which are : "A dead Church whose bishops are mere politi- cians and worse, and priests who are ignorant and immoral and utterly despised by the people at large. In their effort at self-govern- m e n t they need the go.s- • ,
pel and that great safeguard of true liberty, a national canscience." The school developed, and in 1881 the General Society instructed Mr. Challis to build a house for the school, which he did at a cost of $3,500, locating it in one of the pleasantest parts of Loftcha. It is one of the mo.st noticeable buildings in the city. Its purchase was ordered b^ the General Executive
Clara PmoCA.
TW-'Z > ''rl^'V?'V'??^f^"^''^'V^9'^^f^«lfF
350 Woman 's Fokeign Mission ar r Society.
Committee in 1883, and arrangements made for send- ing out a lady to superintend and carry on the school. Owing to the instability of the Government, the work was interrupted, and school closed by order of the
Minister of Hd- ncation. and the students were placed in Samo- kof. Permission was granted, and some time afterward the Government or- dered the school to be again opened, and a primary school at Rustcliuk al- so. Thus tliree years of labor, three removals, two prolonged contests with the authorities of the Govern- ment, and much patient and im- patient waiting, were involved in the establishment of the school at Loftclia.
In 18H4, Miss Linna Schenck was appointed to the work. She arrived in November, and at once entered upon her duties with enlhusiasn^. Her native a.ssist- ants were Mrs. Kassova, an experienced Bulgarian
BULOAKIAN GIKL8.
Bulgaria. 351 ,
teacher, and Miss StoriiHta Atanasova, a graduate of the Samokof school, with ten years' experience as teacher and some years' residence in Hngland, a very companionable lady. Four pupils graduated in 1886. At the closing exercises the room was packed with visitors, and great interest was manifested. The year before, no one dared to come. Two of these girls • were engaged to marry young preachers, graduates of tlic Theological School at Sistov. One of them took work .IS a Bible woman, and another returned to the school as primary teacher. Most of the students expected in after years to refund the amount ex- pended on their education. Most of them were very l)0()r, and the Oreek religion subjected them to much persecution, which, while it evaded the law, subjected them to hardships, rough treatment, and non-employ- ment. I'upils of our failh jnet with such opposition and detraction in the pul)lic .schools, which are gov- ernmental and connected with the ruling Cliurch, that our people preferred to have their children grow up in ignorance rather than have them educated under such influences, which are also often atheistic. Al- most the only comfortiible homes and healthy chil- dren .seen are those of rroteslaiits, while the igno- rance, indecency, uncleaulincss, and superstition is indescribable. Miss Schenck did not expect to make teachers of ,i 1 her pui)ils, some, she hoped, would make good wi\es and mothers. The people by this time had come to feel tliat the Protestants were their friends, owing to the sympathy shown in their times of suflTering.
Miss Miiry L. N'ind visited this isolated mission, and after a long, fift> niii| ride in a phciton to the
T- \ '; V .■■\i'- ', ■ S- ' ' . , " •■"'y:.-' ■.-■/■:
352 Wo-»A4Af'5 FORBlGff AflSSrONARY SoCirTV.
inland town of Loftcha, she said, if she had bcfn in the heart of Siberia she could not have felt farther away from home and civihzation. When she said something like this one day to Miss .Sclienck, a heantiful li^ht broke over her face as she answered : " Do you think God meant we should ro into all the world except Hulj<aria, and teach all people except the Bulgarians? KulRaria /.f a lonely place, I know; but I love it, and would rather be here than anywhere else in the world."
Miss Schenck's health suffered greatly, and in 18.S7 Mi.ss Ella Fincham was sent to her relief. The school had become vcrj' popular. Kven those who had been bitter in their opposition became its patroius. The Church autliorities became alarmed, and promi- nent people were urged not to set ",such a bad ex- ample" as to patronize the school. Onemf the grati- fving features of this school has aUmys been the religious influence pir\ading it. T^' most of the girls l)ccome consistent Clirislians^md prove faithful to their profession of faitli after luring school. Miss Schenck's general practice wa/to meet all the girls at least once a, week for religious conversation ; ^me- tinies in the early morning hours, sometimes at twilight, but always each girl alone. The work of building up these weak Christian characters was necessarily slow, and there were many obstacles in the way ; but she believed most firmly that the chief aim should be the bringing of the girls to Christ.
In 1.S81), there was much anxiety by reason of an order issued by the Minister of Public In.struction, allowing none but Bulgarians to teach in the .schools. This notice was sent to the several inspectors, and
i
<'75kWS5>IWkT;sj'1."'<^
Bvi.cARiA. , 356
variously interpreted by tlieiii ; some claiming that it would not iiiterl'ere with tiic work of directors of schools, and otliers tiiat it was meant to cover all such cases. A protest was sent to tlie Minister, calling attention to the fact that our schools are not national schools, hut organized under a special law, and sup- ported by foreign means, and that the teachers had been appnned by the Minister liimself The Exarch al.so issued a decree, iirj^in^ the civil authorities every- where to pflt d.)wn the heresies so dangerous to their Church and the national life. The edict included both Protestant and Roman Catholic. One of the BulRa- rian papers, in commentinj!; \ipon the order, said: "The Minister will do well to remember that relinio" was not propagated in these days by jjolice force nor gunpowder, and if the Churcli was in danger, they must use the same means that the heretics did ; namely, preaching, teaching, and by the spread of literature."
In 1890. Mrs. Bishop Waldcn cheered the heart of the then lonely worker, Miss I'inchani, by a visit. Miss Schenck had been compelled by poor health to come home in 1S89. Miss Kate B. Blackburn sailed in November, 1892, in com))any with a large party of missionaries. In London she parted company with them, and pursued her journey to Bulgaria alone. This was fraught with more difficulties and perplexi- ties than a journey to India or China; but she was courageous, and accomplished it successfully. Snow- bound on the plains of Au.stria for fortj--eiylit hours, quarantined at the station opposite Ruslchuk, where no one could be found who spoke Oernian, Freucli, or English, her experience was unplea.saut in the »3
354 IVO.WAJV 'S FOKKIGN AflSSIONARY SOCIETY.
extreme. When released, she received a warm wel- come in Mr. Constanfine's home in Rustchuk. A further journty by steamer to Sistov, made through cold, fog, and floating ice, with a carriage-drive of fifty miles to Loftcha, conipkted the journey.
Miss Fincham returned in April, and Miss Black- burn was left with the entire responsibility ofHhe school, and also to provide for Sunday services until the pa.stor arrived. The coming of Miss Lydia Dicni, of Switzerland, in 1893, was counted a great blessing. She is the daughter of one of the preachers of the Swiss Conference, and admirably adapted to the work she has to do. She is thoroughly qualified to teach French, music, and drawing, branches that must be tauglit well in order to compete with the national .schools. Seventy-five pupils were in attendance in 1893; besides these were five day-schools, with sixty- five pupils. In the former school thirty-five were boarders, twenty-one of whom were self-supporting, and others paid in part.
In 1894, Miss Amelia Diem, a si.ster of Miss Lydia Diem, surrendered a lucrative position to accept a situation in the school, taking charge of the classes in sciences, and the entire charge of the sewing de- partment, having, in addition to the regular course of sewing given in the Swiss schools, a special course in cutting and fitting.
' During Bishop Newman's visit to the Bulgarian Conference in 1893, Mrs. Newman made the long, hard trip to Loftcha. He testifies that the briglitost liglit in all our Bulgarian Mission is the Girls' Board- ing-school at Loftcha.
i'
■■¥■■ ' ■ -f'; ■ ■ ^
PIONEERS IN MISSION WORK {The Ulln Races .. Miss Mary Habtihgs. Mk8. Susam Warner Dt:.!-MoRE.
Mita Bmua Hall. Miss Jenhib B. Chafih.
Miss Lod b. Dexniho.
sfi
■ liir>;^^'?9^^if!Wfl^r-;
Chapter XIIK italy, mexico, south america, and africa,
ITALY.
Organized as a Conference in 1871 — Woman's Work com- menctd in 1877.
CATHOLIC fields represent all the difficulties of ordinary pagan lands, with some special diffi- culties peculiar to this semi-pagan institution — Ca- tholicism. To quote one of the missionaries : " Ca- tholicism destroyed nothinj; of pagan worship. Though the images and holidays are baptized with new names, they are none the less heathen idols and pagan gala- days."
The work of the Society began in Rome and Venice in 1877, by employing three Bible women, un- der the su])ervision of Dr. and Mrs. Vernon. Bible women were employed in other places from time to time, until, in 18H5, work was established in most of the principal points on the peninsula, beginning with Turin, at the northwestern extremity, through A.sti and Milan to Venice, on the Adriatic Sea, at the northeastern border, down through Bologna and Perugia to Rome, and on to Nai)les, across to l^oggia and Venosa, near the southeastern extremity. In 1887 as many as thirteen Bible women were at work, reading the Scriptures from house to house and from person to person, endeavoring to bring women to the public services and children to the Sunday-school,
357
ms^^^mW^^w^'^^mm
358 WoAfAN's Foreign AfjasioNAKY SocrETY.
circulathig religious papers and tracts, and helpfully looking after the sick and poor of the congregation. They held sewing-classes, and some of them ojiened small day-schools in their own homes. They also held gratuitous music and French classes, all to help them reach the families; sometimes driven away when calling at their homes on the children, with the cry of renegado, apolalf, being instigated by the priests. This is a wide range of work, the accomplish- ment of whiili is of the utmost importance to the cause of Christ in Italy. Our first Bible woman at Venosa is the wife of an Italian pastor, and is now, in 1S95, engaged with him in doing work among the Italians in Hoston. The second Bible woman at Vc- nosa is one of the young ladies, now at Cincinnati in the Deaconess Home. . She left Venosa al>out a year after the opening of the home in Rome to take the place of sewing teacher and assist in the training of the children.
One of the Bible women, a pastor's wife, belonged to the nobility, really a marchioness, which, while it means nothing marvelous, involves a lineage of luster, a certain tint and tone in the bloo<l, and when it does notliing more, does hang a glimmering nimbus about the personality, which tones down deficiencies, height- ens and beautifies good qualities and gifts, and in- spires a certain amount of respect. Among the earlier workers was a young woman in Milan, Ca- milla Mattioh, whose cultured bearing and Christian meekness and gentleness, her strange and tender mes- sjige of a Savior's love for Italian women, so neglected or misled by the priests, disseminated almost an an- gelic savor and influence over their hard natures and
'•^h:
Italy. 359
waking hearts. After her marriage to the pastor at Milan, she built up an interesting woman's meeting, numbering seventeen, teaching them while they worked. She established a Sunday-school in her own room. At Naples, the Bible woman also had a Sun- day-school in her room, using the Leaf Cluster given by Bishop Vincent. Miss Biondi, for seven years a Bible reader at Pisa, was converted in New York City, attending Mrs. Pliebe P.ilmer's meetings, and returned to Italy full of zeal for the conversion of her country- women, averaging two meetings daily, and reporting 692 visits in a single year. This work was not carried on without persecution. Mrs. Cruciani, at Mo<lena, a most capable Swiss woman, one of the ablest em- ployed, who writes and speaks Kngli.sh, French, and German, suffered much persecution ; her place of meeting was watched by spies, who reported all who entered.
In 1879, Dr. Vernon Saw the necessity of an Or- phanage, and quite early began to realize the im- portance of having some one sent out by the Society to give its benefactions that vigorous and efficacious application and direction which they merited, and in 1SS3 renewed and intensified his appeal for a well-se- lected Superintendent. " This is a new husbandry," he .said, " to which you are called, and amid a sea of difficulties and tangle of obstacles, such as your ban- ner-bearers nowhere else encounter. Mark that. Is there such another polypus to hold fast its victims as the Papacy? These gentlewomen need the counsel, guidance, inspiration, and encouraging presence at their side of the (General, reminding them anon of the presence of the great Captain."
360 WODfAy'S FOKKIGN MlSSlONARV Soc/ETr.
"The General Ivxccutive Coiniiiittee, in i8>(i, re- quested Mrs. Jennie F. Willing, on behalf of the So- ciety, to visit the missions in Italy and Itulgaria. She was able to execute only the lornier part of the com- mission, and a new interest was thereby created among the home-workers. Miss Kmma Hall received an ap- pointment to Italy in 1885, as the first missionary of the Society. Of the beginnings of her work she says : "They were very simple; Sunday-school lielps, such as my slight acquaintance with the language made possible, and were for our, Sunday-school in Rome. A little later t undertook the preparation of the In- ternational Sunday-school Lessons, and later, notes on these lessons, for the aid of our Bible women and Sunday-school teachers, for publication in our Italian Church paper. My more direct work of supervision of the Liible women began in the fall of 1886, when I made a trip to our stations south of Rome, in which, during a month, I studied their special needs, became more fully acquainted with our workers there, and re- turned to Rome with my heart greatly encouraged and refreshed." In ten months she made ten trips to the various stations, occupying from one to six weeks. Three years after reaching Rome she gathered nine or ten girls into her newly-rented quarters, which she proposed should be " a veritable Christian home," and in 1888 thus established a Home and Orphanage iu Rome, affording a nucleus, about which easily gathered other interests, a Sabbath afternoon meeting and the organization of a Mission Band. The open- ing of schools for girls had been made in the fall of 1887, when Chevalier Varriale, of Soccavo, a little village near Naples, a converted Catholic priest, gave
''^^mf^mii'f^y'r'
Italy. 361
a room in his villa for a school, and one for the school- mistress. He afterwards y^aya his property to the General Society, and his body now rests in a little Protestant buryinK-Kround near his villa. The little mortuary chajiel, in whose walls were places for him- self and others of his family, was built'by him on his own property, for the Christian sepulture of his own familyand any oiljcr evangelicals of his village whom there might come in time to be; for at that time his household was the only evangelical one in the village. Mi.ss Hall made that first trip of supervision in 1886, in time .so as to be present at the dedication, by re-, ligious services, of this little cemetery and burial chapel. This school was simply a day-school, and while well attended at first, was soon broken up by persecution. Harangues were delivered against it by the priests morning and evening ; large posters were put up, threatening excommunication and eternal damnation to any who entered the school or permitted their children to enter. Even the woman who scrubbed the floor was shunned in the streets. This fierce onslaught caused the school to be deserted, and at the close of the year it was given up. The school at Rome, being at the Government center — the Gov- ernment having wrested the temporal power from the Pope, is tolerant of Protestantism — escaped the open, bitter, violent persecution, which had destroyed the Soccavo school. In it, the pupils living in the build- ing, came directly mider Mi.ss Hall's personal influ- ence. Among its pupils has been a granddaughter of Garibaldi, who was in attendance during the year
1895.
Mni. Bishop Walden's visit, in 1891, gave great
f
:'S|»W'?'i*^ V^JStCT * ■* '^"■^!^W^^W^^^^^W*^.
362 lV(>A/.iy':> FoKBioN MissioNAKv Socisry.
pleaMure to the missionary. She was welcomed as the Bishop's wife, as a Methodist sister, as the representa- tive of the Society, and doubly welcomed as bring- iiiK her a companion in the person of Miss Vickery. This year tlie Italian Conference be({an its appeals, followed through successive years, for a school of a higher grade. For four years the school was located in the sixth .story of a building, but in 1893 was changed to a detached residence, with large, .sunny rooms, and a large garden and play-grounds. But the former height did not hinder Chri.stians from America, on hearing the school sing some old familiar tune to which Italian words were adapted, from climbing the stairs to hear them sing, ;-ather than hear the celebrated nuns of 7'riiii/il de' Monti.
In 1893, two young women came from this school to the Elizabeth Gamble Deaconess Home iu Cincin- nati, to receive practical training in deaconess methods of visitation and industrial and Sunday-school worj^ coming through the genero.sity of one of the fom|(fers of that Home. The one who has already been j|<Terred to, was converted under the influence of our first Bible woman at Venosa, and after her removal from the vil- lage she had herself carried on the work for a time, though -quite young, and always regretting her early lack of training. These two young Italian women conduct a growing work among the Italians of Cin- cinnati, visiting the jails and city hospitals on regular days, when they read the Bible and have religions conversation witli those of their own nationality. Converts from the nii.ssion of- the Society in Italy, coming to America to do missionary work among the Italians iu Cincinnati !
,V.T- ►
Italy.]: 363
Durinf^ the first five years of the school, the Home sheltered scvciity-two little girls, representing thirty- seven Catliotic and seventeen evangelical families. The Bible isa text-book, and forms part of the regular school work. In addition to this, there is thorough instruc- tion in common branches, and the children are taught sewing, cooking, and all the details of housekeeping. System prevails throughout the school. The great need has been the pos.session of property. Rents were high. At last, in tH9,i, a very desirable piece of prop- erty could be obtained at one-half its assessed value on certain conditions. The house was built for a nunnery, and afterward remodeled by an English phi- lanthropist for an Orphanage. It could be had for $i5,ocx) if used for the pur|>ose for which it had been refitted, and on easy terms of payment. The Society decided to purchase, and Miss Vickery returned to this country to secure the necessary legal papers, in order to have the deeds properly executed. When she went back. Miss Basye accompanied her, paying her own traveling expenses, and receiving for her services only a nominal salary.
During ,,1893-94, ^'rs. S. L. Keen, Philadelphia Branch Secretary, made a tour of the world, and oflTi- cially visited Rome. A Roman Auxiliary was organ- ized on the Silver Anniversary of the Society, Mrs. Keen presiding. Twenty-three gave their names, pledging a ])rayer and a penny a week.
May 9 and lo, 1894, are dates to be remembered in the Methodist Episcopal Church in the Eternal City. On tlie.first date the corner-stone was laid of a building which was to become the headquarters of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Italy. On May
^m^w'^^^^'-T^f^^"^ • 'W^
564 Woman 's Foks/on AftssioNARr St kibtv.
lolh tlie newly purchasod propiTty of the Society was dedicated as the "(lirls' Home School." Tlie hiiilding is a large, siihstantial edifice, five storjes liiKh, with a Hmall yard in front and a large garden in the rear. The front view is not the most prepossessing ; its massive walls and rather small windows have a sug- gestion Ufa nunnery, and a large inscription shows it was dedicated hy Benedict XIV' for a nuns' school. The back of the house, however, has been remodeled, and an iron balcony looks out over a beautiful and
extensive garden, well- filled with fruit-trees and a great variety of flowers. Several tiny fountains are splashing among the green foliage, and there is a well-cultivated garden of'vcgetables, who.se pro- duction gives healthful out-of-door exercise and reduces the ' living cx- The building was formally opened and dedicated by Bishop John P. New- man. Miss Vickery has given an excellent ac- count of the services, from which we quote: "The exercises were held in the large and commodious school-room. Kx(|uisite palms stood as sentinels at the entrance, welcoming each gue.st with a graceful but stately greeting; garlands of ivy depended from the ceiling, and, with native parasite tendency, clung to doors and walls ; while del^ate ferns and beautiful Marechal Niel and La Franca roses adorned table, windows, and alcoves. ^ The tricolored flag of Italy
OlKLH' HllMK S4.I|IH>L, KoMk.
penses of the household.
^•wfmm^''^fWW^f!wW'y^^
Italy. 365
and the Sum and Stripe* were draped effectively ou tlie middle wall, and bleuded iu perfect harmony in view of all present. The audience was composed of n large number of Knglish and American residents of Rome, consuls, attaches of the Government, and many Italian friends and patrons of the Church. The serv- ices were oiHined with a hymn sung by the thirty five Xirls of tlie school. Dnrinx the afternoon they san^ several souks, deliRhtins all with their melodious Italian voices. ■ The Rev. Mr. PinKott, of the Wes- leyan Church, offered prayer, and Dr. Hurt followed with a reading of the Hible and a brief introduction Mrs Newui.in then gave a history of the Society. She told of its work in the past and its hopes for the fu ture, and concluded by asking all present to offer a silent prayer for the success of a fund to support bible workers in Italy. After another song. Miss Hall addressed them in the Italian language. She gave a tisuiiie of the work of the institution, from its foun- dation in iSHH up to the present time. She spoke of the discouragements encountered at first, the antag- onism on all sides, the persecutions in many cases, the difficulty of scouring a foothold, and the tact and per- severance to keep it after it had been secured. From a beginning with two girls six years of age, the col- lege has grown until now it supports thirty-five; from shifting rented quarters, it is now established in property of its own ; and from a crawling though aspiring infant it is at last able to stand alone. Miss Hall concluded amidst great applause, which indicated that the audience was in sympathy with the power and spirit of the work.
"Then followed the inaugural discourse of the
rT»r^T;i?'»"W'!?»iJ7^w!«v?'^*^Tyf^^
366 Woman 's Fokeiuh Mission amy Socihty.
Bishop, after which lie received the documents record- ing tile acqtiiMitioii uf the property, which ptinhaM has resulted (rum the enterprise and persistent deter- mination ol the Society. He consecrated the school •8 an institution for Christian education, and invoked upon it the benediction from above.
"As Xhejinate of the program announced a garden party. Dr. Burt invited all present down into the extensive grounds. The garden, which is a very large one, abounds in all kinds of fruit trees, vegetables, and flowers. There is an old palm, rich in branches, at the extreme end; laurels in great (|uantities; orange and lemon treesin profusion ; lettuce beds of enormous si^e form perfect squares; rows of Roman potatoes and Egyptian onions face each other in seeming an- tagonism ; there are big and little beans, purple and white grapes, and figs in abundance.
" The (lay was a perfect one for an out-door fCte, and the flowers burst forth in splendid perfection, just as if for the occasion. Walks down the garden under peach, pear, and apricot trees led to vine-covered ar- bors where ice and tea were served. Here the guests found their way, and in these coolj retreats drank in the fragrance of the flowering orangt-tree, and listened to the ever-quieting, never-ceasing waters of the Acqua Paola, on the top of tlie hill. All too soon the sun descended behind the church of St. Onofrio, and the old palm-treo nodded his dark head in the evening breezes as a sign of farewell. All took their depart- ure, leaving the ' Instituto Femiiiinile,' which has had such an auspicious opening, to the sheltering protec- tion of the Janiculuni under the shadow of Garibaldi's fort, where so many fought for the cause of Italy's
Mmxico. ifn
freedom. And thus, with the new institute at Sun Pantzario, and the iiivv cluirili at I'ortu Pia, MelhcxI- ism is established at two t-xtrenie ends of tlie ' Mteriial City,' from which stroiiKludds her doctrines will spread ahrood under the hlne and clon»llesi» sky of u l)eautiful but oppressed country."
This sihool is the only purely woman's work for woman in missionary lines in Italy. ConipariuK the seventh with the first year, there is every reason to tliank God, and take new courage for tlie future. There is cause for gratitude in the moral development and increased spiritual life of the school so long under the fostering care of Miss Hall, and now, in 1H95, iu her absence on her first v,-»cation, under the super- vision of Miss Vickery. ^
Scplenilx'r 20, iM<>5, while Italians at home and abroad were celebrating the silver anniversary of their deliverance from papal misrule, the Method- ists at Rome were formally dedicating their new mi.s- sion house on the famous boulevard whose name com- memorates the entry of the victorious revolutionaries.
MEXICO.
Conimenci'd in 1875^ OrK:iiii/f<l iiti a Conference in 1885— Woman's «iirU conunenci'il in 1874.
The work of the Woman's Koreign Missionary StK-iety was commenced iu Mexico early in 1H74 by Miss Mary Hastings and Miss Susiin Warner. They .sailed res])ectivcly from New York and New Orleans, met in Havana, and arrived in Mexico City January 24, 1874. I'nder the direction of the Superintendent, Dr. \Vm. Uutler, Miss Hastings took charge of the Or- phanage and day school, the nucleus of which had
368 WoMAy '.V FoKiji.N Mission Any Soum7 P,
already been t^otluud, ami taught fur a few nioutha by Miss Carter, daugliter iif Dr. Carter, formerly of the S#iith AiiKTi''a Mission. Miss Warner remained iu Mexico City until April, when Dr. Uutler had com- pleted arrauKements for oi>ening a school among Cornish miners in Pachuca. Mexican children were also admitted, and from the first it was open to both Iwys and girls. In March, 1H75, Dr. Butler transferred Mi.HS Hastings to I'achuca and Miss Warner to Mex- ico City. Both schools had been fairly prosperous, and so continued. Property was soon puriha.sed, and a comfortable building erected in Pachuca, and rooms •in the property of the (ieneral Society in Mexico were rented. The care of the Orphanage, with its in- creasing numbers, proved too heavy a burden for Miss Warner, and she became sick with typhus fever, and was out of scliool for months. Miss N. C. Ogden was scut to her relief, arriving' during the Christmas festivities. The Sunday following, Mrs. Clementina Butler, who had seen the "beginnings" of Methodist mission work among the girls of the " Ua.st," and now of the " West," was much affected when Mi.ss Warner brought six girls with her to partake of the .sacra- ment of the Lord's Supper. The school contimied to increase in numbers, and many oi the pupils gave promise of future usefulness as Christian workers. Miss Ogdcn's health necessitated her home-coming early in 1878, Miss Warner following in a few m<)nth.s. Miss Mary I". Swaiiey was immediately sent out to fdl the vacancy, and Miss C. I,. MuUiner to her a.ssistailce during the year. Mi.ss Warner returned in Novem- ber 1879, and took charge of the Pachuca school while Miss Hastings had her vacation. For liome
•■ ; *"'> " ■
A/s.\/(i>. * 369
time the nii.tMioii .siilTiTcil inli'rru|>tii)iis liecause of the I'oiitiiiu.-il lii(.'akiiiK <lt)W!i, |ili\sic:illy, of the workers. Musty old omveiit.". are not ver> K'ood siinitariiiiiiH, niKl, at first, thesi- seeiiiul to l»e the only availiilile places for the sc-liools.
Mkxico Cii-v. - I'Voiii the lie);iiiiiinj{, the Orphan- one em-ited lonsideralile iiilirisl, and was sotnetiines honored with distiuKuishiil visitors, altractinK men in hijjh "Ihiial positions, n"vernors atid others, who ex pressed nuaii pleasure with all tlie\ saw. In 1S81, Miss Swaney's ht'altli reipiired a ihanKe, and Mi.ss M. IClliott was sent out to assist Miss Miilliner. At no time wire there any two well-prepare<l workers in good health. In 1.SH2 the C)rphanav;e was removed from the mission property in the olil l'"rnnciscan con- vent, to a nice, commodious rented huildin^' on an ad- joining street. The .sihool was reorKani/.ed, and un- deniably ranked above all other similar work in the city. Another change place<l Mi.ss .Swaiie> in charge of (jiieretaro school, and, in I'ebruary, i.S,S,? Mis.s llugoboom arrived to help in the Orphanage, Work among the women became very encouraging. A Woman's Aid S<K-iety was formed, which was self-sup- porting, receiving from weekly d^K^ andconcerts that year JjMi.d.s. The same touching self denials that always characterize the lives of those who serve Christ arc found here abto. One aged woman, with a small income and a family of five or six, gave $^\o to the missionary collection, Miss Mnlliner returned to the I'nited Slates, and .Mi.ss llugoboom left in AprH, i,S84. The institution necessjirily proceeded with a new corps of instructors. Miss H. Le Huray was sent out '4
> \.
»^
in Miircli, iN,S4. ami for a time was Oic«nly AmiTiraii , la<ly thtrc. Tlu' I'riuiary l)('|>nrltiictit w.it iiiiilt-r tlir cull' uf a nativf yoiiilK woinati ulio liad Iktiii «<Uu'ate<l In the Ciiiti-d StatfH. Misti Mary l)c I' I.oyd arrivttl in ScptfintHsr. The school coiiiparis favorably with one of its si/i- in the Uiiileil States, and the ^-irls un very much like other Kirls. The event of the year in i.ss6 waB the piirchaie, on l-ehruary i.slh, of a new liuilding for Sjo.LMxi ill Kohli tl»^' (>eneral Society aHnistiuK in a brotherly way, until the Woman's S'M-iety could meet the entire expense. It is a larjje sloiie liuilditiK. "ith a fill I io, or inner court, situated on Secon<l Indepnnia Street, one of those new streets that JnareV, the iron- handed, drove through the ancient convenjt of San l^rancisco, and is closely connecteil with the mission pr<ii)erty of the deneral Socuty. At this time thei.'/', course of stiuly useil in ('■overTimenl sihools was adopted, which gave the Orphanage another ad\atU,ane^ Man> of the girls etlncated here have proven vahnJWe helpers in varioas parts of the mission. Some are wives of native ])astors, and others ara||^el|)ing in families, where their superior service isflach appre- ciated. In atlditiou to their school work, they are in- structed in all dei)artments of household work, and their training in systematic habits of inllustry raises them in practical efTicieiuy far a1)ove their cimntry- womeii, while their earnest, true, religious life makes them a power for good. In 1.SS7, Miss Ayres took Miss Le Iluray's place , and she was given linhtef work. The .school increased in numbers lintil, in 1892, there were one hundred and forty three in at- tendance, ninety-four of whom pas.sed the public ex- aniiuation. Thfe course of .study covers twelve years,
Mexico. .^71
ft
cxihwivc of thf killili-rKartcii. Tlity liave Kyimmstic exerciser. S|iiritiiiil life is liel|>«(l liy work in on V.y
. worth I.e^iKDv. Miss LoJ'ii wan very sick iii'iNi)i>, iiiul, tlirciii^li the etl>)rts of Mrs. Ilishop Walileii, her., niothi-r was t imIiIimI to K<> from Cincinnati to niirse hi-r buck to hi-ulth. ap-
In iHgj.'two friends in the States nMi(le''it'|Missil>|e to oi^ani/.t; an orchestra ol nine instrnnieuts, which are a urtal hcl)( in |inl)lic worship. That >ear live most exctllcnt fcachers Kfa'lxated, the first class to compute th^' entire course of stniiy in the history of
, the mission. It is interesting to note that of the forty- two native tcachertt working under the Woman's So-
wXietv, thir^ four were educiiteil in tlleir own schools, th(iu>;h tiie> were nnderjjraduates of >;ra^luates from a partial course. All ol these five yrtung lady j^raduatcs are employed in the work of the mission. At this first animal Commencement, as Madai Aceves, fhe val- eclictorian, came forward, what ejVs imisi have followed her with aiiNiims love I " Her essay," wc are told, " w»s well writlifl, and was a tender farewell — to whuli t» wliiini.' 'Po the Home that for eleven years had sheltered IHer, and l),ceii tn her the ont^- home,
"in the true scils*, she had ever known ; to the school ; to the teachers who had loved her aiu^ helped to loyii her character; to the classmates; to the schoo'lmates." J'r^sjdinj^ VMur Hutler, after brief addresses, presented 'iHj)f(>iiias, and then ^avv to each a volume of his fariitr.>s "Mexico in Transition."
"In iK(;4 the Mis.ses I.oyd and Ayres were >;ranted leave of abstince. The Misses \'an Dorsten and Dun- jiiore were summoned from another station, and kept up the .work, with rare judgment and* devotion, until
'^wm^m^'
372 IVoA/AAf 'S I'OKElii.X MISSIONARY SOCIETV.
the return, in, December, of tlie fonuer teachers. About forty bonniin^ ^11(1 one hutidjadday pupils were tlieir constant care. Many new niel|j^'s joined tlie lipworth League, and there were a goodly ntiijiber of interest- ing conversions. Seventeen girls uniWIt^vith the Church on Conference Sitnday under Itishop Joyce. The annual examinations were creditable to the in- structors, and elicited warm expressions of approval from the lady inspector sent by the Oovernment. This was the first time that women had been thus em- ployed. This fact, and the fact that postmistresses, lady telegra])h operators and stenographers, are com- ing to the front in Mexico, is one of the good signs of the times, and the presence and work of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society has had its influence, doubtless, in the recognition of woman's fitness for tlie.se and other positions..
PACiiocA.^Miss Hastings returned from her va- cation in New England to I'achuca the last of the year 1.S.S0, and has remained continuously at her post ever .since. In February, 1H81, Miss KUiott was trans- ferred from the Orphanage to take charge of the F^ng- lish-speaking work, and remained until her marriage, the la.st of 1883, to Mr. R. Wil.son. There were 100 girls enrolled at this time. In January, 1884.. Miss Laura L,atinier joined the mission, and assisted Miss Hastings for one year, and was transferred to other work. In 1887 the .school was under the superintend- ency of Mi.ss Field, whose presence in Mexico allowed Miss Hastings to take a greatly-needed rest. Miss Hastings's steady Christian example and faithful teach- ing through all the years have brought forth uiM'ail-
Mexico. 373
iiig results. The girls educated under her reninin firm to their Christian life and profession. They h^ve seen her kneeling at the bedside of the siA and dying, shrinking from no poverty, filth, or disease, if she could minister comfort and help a soul to trust in Jesus. It is no wonder the girls believe in her Christ. She meets with opposition from tlie priests— work in, a Roniisli land must be a continual war — but is often encouraged by words like these : " I want you trt teach my daughters religion ; I want them to have your faith." In 1889 the Mexican pastor reported 50,000 Scripture verses rei>eated by the children in this school. That year Miss Hastings' opened a second school in another part of the city, and in both had 215 children under instruction. For assistant teachers young women are employed who have been educated by her.- Nearly six years the demand for enlarged borders was heard in the General lixecutive Commit- tee meetings, and in 1894 the increa.sed accommoda- tions were completed, when the school had an enroll- ment of 355 pupils, the highest number hitherto at- tained by any similar Protestant institution in the Re- public. Au interesting feature of the .school is an or- chestra, with some .ten or twelve young lady musi- cians, who are always ready to assist on festive occa- sions. At one tipe they serenaded the governor of the State on his birthday, arid'wfete received most cor- dially by the State officials.
In the early days, when revolutions were the order, Mi.ss Hastings and her school were especially exposed, from the nearness to the Government House. In 1876 a grenade demolished one of the older buildings^ and, after the attao^v, she found a good-sized piece of a shell
3 74 iyOifAN 'S FbKEIGN MISSION AR Y SOC/ETY.
at her bedroom door, plenty of balls in the school- room, fresh and hot, sixteen hullet-holes in the front door. Several balls jjassed throngh the chairs and benches. These were days of severe and bitter perse- cution, when "Death to Protestants!" was yelled in the ears of the missionaries as they passed quietly along the streets, where they were in constant danger of martyrdom.
PVBBi..\. — In June, 1H81, Miss Warner opened the Puebla school in a rented building, which had been with great difficulty secured, as no landlord desired a Protestant school under his roof. Three little girls were the pupils during the first week, and the enroll- nant lor the year was only eighteen, nine of them re- , nuiiniug for examination. This was a very discour- aging beginning, and success seen\ed problematical in such a fanatical city; but Dr. C. W. Drees, then su- periutendent. urged another year's trial before aban- doning the field. It required tact, skill, and Divine guidance wisely to direct the children in Bible study, and so the simple story of Jesus was re&d; and the truth that all Christian history and doctrine centered in Him was taught. The next year an advance was made, twenty-four pujiils remaining for examination at the close, and Miss Warner began to.hope for a flour- ishing school. A native a.ssistant was secured, a grad- uate of the Puebla Normal School. In 18S3 a change of buildings became neces.sary. The house, at first rented passed to a new owner, who insisted on posses- sion as soon as practicable ; but Mexican law conceded to a tenant the right of occupancy for three years, if rent is promptly paid; so the missionaries took time
Mexico. 375
to find a convenient place. The school was needing a large room, and at this jnncture the one directly op- posite was vacated providentially, affording the desired accommodations. The bnilding was definitely en- gaged before the owner was aware that a Protestant school was to occupv it. Only the second floor was rented, and trials b^an when a Catholic priest from the couiitBf , jyiUr a family, and horses, dogs, chickens, parrots, etc., took possession of tHe lower story with its small patio. Several months passed before he was • indnced to leave. Then the lower tenement was rented for the sclrttol, to be occupied by Mi.ss Orcilles, the Mexican assistant. The school Avas prosperous, the enroUniLiit being over fifty. An interesting class of girls was l)eiiig trained in .iccordance with Ameri- can eilucatiunal methods; and better, was daily read- ing; and studying the Bible and singing gospel hymns. Another a.ssistant was obtained as the character and aims of the school were being modified.
Miss Warner's health being very much broken, .she returned liome in 18.S4 for a few months of rest, and the school at (Jueretaro being small, a Mexican . lady, was placed in charge, and Miss Swaney trans- ferred to I'uebla. . This school, which had been built up by tliree years of hard work by Miss Warner, took first-class position, attracting to it a better class than is usually found in mission .schools, and largely from Romish families. It lost none of its prestige under Miss .Swaney s care. The plan of training the more advanced pupils with reference to a normal course, and. if jjossible. of founding a normal .school for the education of teachers to be employed in the mission schools, began to take form, l^pon Miss Warner's
376 WOUAy'S FORElGlf MlSSlOffARY SocrsTV.
return in the fall, negotiations^ were completed for the purchase of a missionary home and school building adjoining ihc new property of the General Society, and the changes necessary to adapt the house to school pur- poses were soon begun. As the work needed two Amer- ican teachers, it was deemed best that Miss vSwaney should remain, if her health, which had become impaired in Miss Warner's absence, would permit; but a rest of several weeks failed to restore her, and she returned to the United .States in the spring of 1885. The new building was ready in Feliruary, i8<S6, and Miss Lizzie Hewett was sent dut to assist Miss Warner. The fol- lowing j'car Miss Hewett opened a school in Tetela, and Miss N. C. Ogden came again to .Mexico, inau- gurating the Kindergarten Department in the I'uel)Ia school. She accomplished a most difficult ta.sk in in- teresting a number of women in a kind of sewing .so- ciety, with a regular membership fee, the profits of which were u^ed in meeting the expenses of the kin- dergarten. In the summer of i.HSH, Mexico enjoyed her first Pentecost. A gracious revival broke out in I'uebla, when the most advanced pupils in the .scluwls under both .Societies, were converted. Miss Warner closed her schools for the time. Again, in i.SXy, an- other outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and the entire school was wrought upon. A cla.ss of two" young ladies graduated ; all departments were in a prosper- ous condition. Besides the two American ladies, three Mexican teachers were employed, also a professor of mu.sic : and several of the pupils assisted in teaching as a training in normal work. There were nearly thirty-five boarding pupils, and a total enrollment of pyer one hundred and fifty in all. Additional room
'^v^^'^^fSP'*^'^'^^
Mexico. yn
was provided this year. Miss Ogden retired from the work, and Miss Parker returned, taking charge of the school, when Miss Warner came to the Statcs^wiard the close o(^ 1S90. She married the following year, and remained here. Miss Ainia Limberger was soon spnt ont .to undertake tlie supervision of the kinder- garten and elementary departments. There were then 200 girls in the schools. Among the changes that have occurred, is the adoption, previously contem- plated, of the cofirse of sttidv used in the normal school of the vStatd of I'nebla, that there nii},'lu 1* no discrimination against our girls when applying for po- sitions in the public schools. Under the able manage- ment of Misses Parker and Limberger.the Puebla Nor- mal Institute greatly increa.sed in numbers, and ad- vanced in all departments, Eight graduates are teach- ing in Puebla or elsewhere. In'^.Sgs, Miss Dunniore was added to the teaching force.
*MiK.\ri.()RKs. — A school was opened in Miraflorcs 'in \V^~^^. containing twenty seven scholars, which, in iK,S;,, had grown to seventy-five, and in i,S.S5 anew school building was completed. Here lio old convent is made \ise of. and the picturesque has yielded to the healtliful ; the room is sunny and well ventilated, w liicli is in marked contrast to almost all el.se in Mex- ico : the .'•aying, " It was once ])art of an old convent," who.se titkjs had to be "cured" by the owner giving to tlie Church large sums for absolution, had become very familiar. Two lumdred names were enrolled on the r/?<fistcr, and tlie teachers were graduates from the Orplianage in Mexico City, who met the demands of the work in an excellent manner. Truly this has
378 WoAfAN's Foreign MrssroNARy SOt/Ery.
been our Protestant comer of Mexico, where evangel- ical work has the right of way. Generous aid was given the work by Mr. Robinson, a kind-hearted Kng- lishnian. the manager and principal owner of a large cotton factory. The interest of the family was also an encouraging agency, the eldest daughter teaching in 'the Sunday-.school. In 1887, Miss Le Huray was appointed to this school, which became, in 1H90, the largest day-school in the mission. Here she was .some- times called on, in llie absence of the preacher, to bury the dead and perform other unusual duties.
GfAN.xjr.ATo. — Early in the year 1885, Miss Lati- mer was .sent to open a school in Guanajuato, a hot, unhealtliy city, built in a ravine, with a river running througli it, over which many of the houses are built, and wliicli receives all the sewage of the city, and never has any water in it except when it rains. The work progressed astonishingly ; all the women of the Cluirch met in Miss Latimer's Hiblc class. In less than two years slie was compelled by failing health to abandon the work. Mrs. (Klliott) Wilson taught the following year, and was succeeded by Miss Anna Kodgers, who remained imtil her marriage, nearly two years later. Miss Ida B. Walton was sent out in 1890 to take up the work laid down by Mi.ss kodgers. In 1892, Miss Lillian Neiger, who had .seen several years' service with the Friends' .Society, was transferred to us, and sent in January to Guanajuato. The school num- bered sevenU'-i^even. A young girl from the Orphan- age was .sent to assist her, who kept up- most credit- ably under the disabilities arising from the departure of the teacher. Miss Neigej", in the mid.st of the year
L
Mexico. 379
1894, and the uncertainty of future location pending arrangements concerning new property. The mar- ried ladies here, as elsewhere, put the Society under obligation by their timely ajd in the absence of our own missionaries. Miss Neiger has married, hence will not return. In the summer of 1.S95, Miss Van Dorsten went to the relief of this work.
Ti".Tni,A.— New work was started among the Aztecs in Tetcla in 1.S.S6, by Miss Hewett. vShc had thirty girls the first year, a number of whom were really young women. She also secured tlie attendance of a good proportion of the girls in Sunday-.school. - Many of these people had never even heard of a Bible. Some were forbidden by the priests to attend the school or church; but came in to the 'evening family prayers, or would listen llirough a partially open door to the religious service. The work grew from a small .school to a large one of nearly one hundred enrollment ; then to two. anil even three .schools. Miss Hewett lived here two years without the society of any missionary's famil> . or any ofie able to speak Knglish, and was .sev- eral days' ride on a pony's back from the nearest mis- sion station. She was re-enforced by Miss \'an Dorsten in iSgci; but her ])hysical condition demanded a com- plete rot in the homeland, and Miss Duumore went to Miss \'an Dorsten's assistance. In 1893, .seven girls were baptized. The school was left to the care of Mexican tcacliers that year, and the missionaries were transferred to other stations.
Wry earU in the liistory of the nii.ssion, Hible women were employed under the supervision of the married ladies, and schools were oi)ened by native
i »■ . ■ ■
380 WOAfAN'S FOKEIGN AflSSlOPHARrSoCrETy.
teachers in Orizaba, Apizaco, Tezoiitepc-c, San Vin- ccnte, and Guanajuato, At this last iiaincd place Miss Swaney was sent in 1.S.S2, but was soon obliged to go to the relief of larger schools. The work always suf- fered here from the religious fanaticism of the people, and in 18.S4 the persecutions were unusually severe and determined. In 1XS5, Nfary Morris, a young lady of Ivnglish parentage, brought up in the Orphanage at Mexico (yity, taught this school. She was the first teacher sent out by the mission schools,' In Ayapanga, in iS.So, six j'oung Indian women were learning their A-B-C's in a little S(|uare room in an adobe-house-. Three years later there were thirty girls in the school, and one of the first six was in charge of the Primary Department. This'progre.'^was the more noticeable because in the midst of a bigoted Catholic region. In iHS.H, it attracted the atteiitiim of the Government.
In 1S90, waw points ol opening were made under most favorable aus])ices. At I, a Cafuula the Govern- ment ofiered the building and furniture of the girls' school if the mission would supply the teacher.. In \X()i a similar request came from Xochiapuelo. At/.ala also asked for a Protestant girls' school ; a jtown, which, a few years ago. was baptized with the" blood of twenty-seven martyrs, and the little church almost exterminated. Oaxaca has asked for several successive years for a school. This is the State ol Juarez, the Liberator, and of Diaz, tlie present Pres- ident,
In 1,^95 tlie number in attenda"nce on our schools in Mexico was 1,137.
Mrs, S, L, Keen, Corresponding Secretary of the Philadelphia Branch, visited Mexico in 1886, and was
1[S»!^J(w?;'J'>!^^*''r^'?/^, ff^^^ ;*■ V, •^,
Soi'TH AAfES/C.I. 3S1
empowered by tlie Refereiu-c Committee ofTicialh to look after the work, and settle any emergency ques- tions tluit miijlit arise.
4
SOl'TIl AMlCklCA.
I')iij;lisli work rDimneiut'd in 1.S36— Spanish in 1S54- An- nual CunfiTcufe nr>;ani/t*»i iSy^ — W'lun.m's work c<»ni- niiMiCfd in 1S71.
South America is constituted a mission field \>\ a perverted and corrupted form of the Christian faith, while in the heart of the Continent there still re mains the darkness of paganism, unilhiminated by a single ray of the UIkIiI of the world.
RosAKK). — The i)ioueers of the Society in South America were Miss Lou H. Denning and Mi.ss Jennie M. Cha|)in, 'who enil>arke(l on the Hrazilian mail steamship, 01 rmi/r for Rqsario, some time in January, • i!S7-(, and reached liuenos Ayres the 12th of the fol- lowing March. A territic /xiinptni, blowing at the time, ihrealeneil to ingulf them in the angry billows ere they could gain a l.inding. After a week they continued their journex to Rosario. Here they found pioneer work to do; the breaking down of i)rejudice that often amounted to hatred toward Protestantism. oul\ a few years belore it was a crime 4o own a liiblt?*; presenting the truth so that it might be moreattrnctive than the errors of superstition, taught for centuries ; winning the coufidence of the ])eople by living ex- ample as well aiforecept. They found the weariness of ij()liiLl plodding could only be relieved by knowing that the Omnipotent Arm upon which they leaned was their strength. I'enseverence, patience, and prayer brouglil results, even beyond their fondest hopes.
iijfv«:t,
r^i^vr-y-'sr^X,^^
382 Woman's Forei<;.\ Missioitary Society.
Durinj; tlie first few iiionths a pleasant home was found ill tlie family of Rev. T. H. Wood. Just one month after thtir arrival tliuy bf^an teacliinj; soiiie native boys Mr. Wood had taken into his home to educate and Christiani/.e. This j;a\e tlieni practice in tlie use of the language, while studying the theoret- ical part. During these months of jireparation an opportunity was given to look over the field, learn about the people, their customs, manner of living, and notably their spiritual blindness, supersitition, and frtolatry. The more they knew of the people and their houses, the more they felt they could not live alone or set up housekeepiui?/' But the Lord never requires the impossible. Aw less than a year after their arrival Provideuce'providcd a house adjoining .\Ir. Woods, and tlie\- found they could keep house, even uiuler tlie many disadv autages. After they were settled in their own hired house, they ojieiied a school for girls, and liad one little native girl, six years old, for their first ])upil : also Ivlsie Wood, now the rep- reAintative of the Woman's Society 'in Peru, and her sister Amy, who came for the iio\elty of the thing, as she was too young to know much about school duties. It was a small beginning; but the numbers increased week by week, and the missionaries thanked God, and took courage. The following year larger accommodations were needed, and as the school opened they thought if the number reached twenty it would be a success. Hut the Lord was giving them favor in the eyes of the people, and when the register showed ninety names, they could but exclaim, " Be- hold what the Lord hath wrought! " They were not confronted by open opposition, as a liberal spirit of
fc;>..
■^fmf^-v^r<*^~"-'''-. '"^^ ■' ■ .' ■ ' i : j'iTfi"^'-'
*■ Soimi AvERrcA. 3H3
tolerance, I'spccially toward North Aiiiericaii'.. had been disserainatcd ainonj; tlie jjcople, largely due to the Administration of Don Domingo Sanniento as President of the Republic. While repre^eiitinK' his country at Washington, he studied tlu.' public-school system of the I'nited Stales. BeinK elected to the Presidency while yet in Washington, he resolved to take this system to his people, believing it to be the key to )ialional iirosjierity, Uut-he was confronted with the fact that none of his people would l>ut it into practice. As he was gifted with a strong, de termined will, he sent to the UnAjl States, broifght out teachers, and had schools organized according to his ideal system. These schools have been a con- spicuous factor in changing; the condition of society and in elevating the country intellectually; but the same s])iritnal ignorance chai*acteri/.es the nias.ses.
While caste does not exist in Argentina as in In- dia, the children of the wealthy class, as a general rule, do not mingle with those of the working class. The common, or municipal school, was for tiie latter, and private schools for the former. Misse.s Denning and Chapin allowed no distinction, and seated the girl who paid tuition, studieil French, Ivnglish, and music, beside the one too poor to buy the books she needed. As the school grew, there, was less time for outside work, tract distribution. Scripture reading, and so forth, from hou.se to house. Hom<; cares were increased by da)' boarders and or])hans being added to the inmates. Prayer-nuelin;;s for the girls ; working in the I'jijclisli and Spanish Sunday-schodls ; doing the work of hou.se- keeper, seamstress for the orphans ; teaching ; super- intending vSunday-school, with all Wiat belongs to the
fl^^''7^'T^'*T'~P7»'rr'~<f'f>;->:i'jf¥.''
3«4 IVo.u. IN 's *FoKEf(.N Mission, t/iy Sot ietv.
several departments, left not many uHe moments. In AuKust. iHSo, relief was furnished by Mrs. Iv J. ClenioMS, and one week after lier arrival these two inissionariis started for home, broken down iu liealth to such a dejjree that many tlioujjht they Would find an ocean grave.
Miss Julia Iv (ioodenough was sent out immedi- ately to strengthen the work, and Mrs. I.,. M. Turney to act as matron. Mrs. Clemens fell obliged to leave the work on account of the state of her healtli, June Id, i.sHj, and Mis.ses Denning and Chapin retufjied the following l"el)ruary, after a rest of two years. 'Die deranj,'ement of the whole work made the task oTTWiiging back system and order no easy one ; but, with p.Uience and perseverance, lliey succeeded in regaining some of the lost ground. As an evidence of loyalty and loving .service. Miss Denning at one time declined Si 50 per month from the President of the Hoard of l^ducatioii for the prnvince, who had visited the school, if she would go into •'■overiinient employ.
While at home, a pressure was brought to bear on the (/cneral l^xeculive Committee to provide a Home if the work w.is to be continued. Rented houses are b:)th ex])ensive and un.satisfactory. Provision was made for the purchase of property, and much time spent in looking about. A hou.se and lot was finally secured for the school, and a Home was l)uilt on the adjoining lot that would accommodate boarders and orphans. March 15, iHS4,they took uj) their residence in the new quarters, tired, but happy to have a per- manent abiding-place. The cost ofthe property was ;^l i,iX)o in .I'nited States gold. Some changes were
mw
X^
SOITH A.MKRfCA. ,^85
afterwards tuiulc, l)riii};inj; it up to $i6,ik«); hut the increased valuation is coiisiderahle more than the en- tire cost. Tlie institution was conducted after tlic Mt. Holyoke plan. It soon hecainc necessary to limit the number of applicants, and many had to he turned away. In issd, another .school was opened in a differ- cnl part of the city. The two schools for years had an animal attendance' of two hundred and fifty to three hundred jfirls, representing all classes of society, from, the ramlio to the palace. In is.s.s, Mi.s.s'^*M<iry \\. Bo wen was added to the corps of teachers. In iScjo, these conscientious workers, as they were ohlijjed to admit their strength was insuflicient for the work, though they would gladly have given a life-service to it, fell it were better t(.> give place to those who were stronger. .Muiost alone, as representatives of the Methodist ICpiscopal Church, the.se two had main- tained in Rosario the standard of pure religion duriiy; considerable periods in sixteen years. When they resigned, the Society had property worth ;S25,o<k) ; had two day-schools, two Sunday schools, a Spanish \ preaching-service and pra\er-nieeting. A large num- ber of tho.se trained in the Home vVere teachers in evangelical .schools. Miss I'llsie Wood was appointed to the charge of the work, but removed, in i.Syi, with her faniil\ to Peru, when Miss Mary F. Swa- ney, who had had experience in the Mexican mis- sion, was sent out. Her arrival and canj-rtif the boarding and day schools has been very adrantaji-'ous. This, together with the efficient aid given in the Hcmie by Mi.ss Di.sosway, brought great improvement^ln the general state of the work. Miss Di.sosway was God's gift to tli^nission in a time of great need. In July, 25
^^7^'^m^mfW'f^^yw'
386 WouAi/s Foreign AfissroyAKV SociBTr.
iMy2, lie took lier to liiinsclf, and MissSwaiiey s cares and ris]>onsil)ilitics were correspondinjjly increased, since they had been shared as by a fuU mftsionary. For three years now Miss Swaney has been doing this work alone, without the aid of any one from tlie home laiiil. Catliolic leacliers are never enijiloyed in the schools in South America.
MoNTiiviDiH). — In 1S7H an excellent opening was found in Montevideo, and the services secured of Miss Cecilia (luelplii, an Argentine by birth, whose talents were of a high order, and whose services were in de- mand for nearly twice what the Society could pay her. She readily spoke, wrote, or sung in Spanish, Italian, and French, The school was opened with forty chil- dren. Over the door a sign was placed, /•Ismala /ivaii- fliliai f-ara ^eiioiiliis (Kvangelical School for Young Ladies). At first she had to struggle against ridicule, contempt, and even persecution; but tiod,wiiose instru- ment she was, gave her grace and strength for her day. She founded and developed a school system admitting puiiils by the payment of fifty cents, although she re- ceived tho.se not able to contribute that amount. This course benefited the laboring class without pauper- izing them, I'"or the first year only eight dollars was received ; but in eight years from then, the receipts were $1,124. i,V From the first she had a normal class for training future workers, The.se she taught out of regular school hours, upon a thorough, system- atic course, and had them pa.ss Government examina- tions, thus taking rank with other teachers of the .same grade. (lospel hymns were sung in all her seven schools, the Bible was much read, and day by day her
, ^y '".'ff^npfr^''' ■ V;Mt>T^.CAW'*''T»w.i."''^^
South Airs/f/CA. ,-587
little ;irmy of over five liinidred pupils saiij; the );o.s- pe\ ill many a poor lionic. She was j-reatly belovetl , by all. In 1886, after eisht years of remarkable serv- ice, Miss (".UL'lphi was summoned to her reward. For two years the .schools reinaiiu-d under the supervision of her brother, Rev. Antonio C.ueliihi. In the larger numl)er of the school-roDms, Sunday-schools were held, and in many, preaehiuK-.services and prayer- meetinjjs were establislied. One evidence of the pub- lic interest awakened by lhe.se schools came in a dona- tion of land, which it was tbounht would become val- uable and afford a bnildinjj-site ^« the future for a chapel or a school.
In i88y, Miss Minnie Z. Hyde was appointed to this work, and Miss Howen was sent down from Ro- .sario. where she had been two years, to a.ssist her. In 1892, the entire management of the other six schools (they had only had the central* passed into their hands. They orf;ani/.ed this central or high schc >1 anil five i)rimaries. The diHiculty in grading was with the native teachers, who objected to text-books-- The Bible-clas,ses were also graded, and given written examinations. No one objected to taking the Bible as a study. A flourisliing Sunday-.scht)ol was held in ^the Home, with an attendance of sixty-three — the largest Spanish Sunday-school in the city. On Chil- dren's-day, eleven young people, between the ages of eight and sixteen years, joined the Church on proba- tion, and a probationers' class was formed for Sunday afternoons. Aver.se as are the children to study and discipline, with their inherited slothfulness, it made the task of organizing a perplexing and discouraging one. But obstacles were bvercome, unfavorable criti-
>
• 'i™n??fyy^-?^'^»«>'w^^yiT^^^
388 Wpma:v's Foreign Af/ss/oyA/tr Sac/sry.
cisni was chaiiKed to approval, and tlie way niadt- clear for llic growth aiul prospcril> of tin- work. luiglisli^ was added as a rei|iiirciiioiit ; a professor from the National University was secured to teacli l'"reiicli. A music teacher, a jirofessor in niatlieniatics, with other teachers, gave them t|nite a faculty and a fine .standing as a scliool of higli grade, commanding first class pat- ronage. A new building was furnished in iHi)v cost- ing nearly Sjo.oiio in gold, aiul .Miss Hyde, very much broken in health, retired from the work. On New- Year's day, 1.S94, she married I'rofe.ssor Daniel T. Wilson, and resides in Michigan.
Reeuforcements were found in Miss Li/zie Hewett, of the Mexican Mission, and Mi.ss Rebecca J. Ham- mond. The day schools were reorgaTii/.ed into a large .school for boys under Brother C.uelphi, and the other for girls in care of Miss Hewett, and the results .seemed fully to ju>tifv^ie change. I'iarly in 1S94, circum- stances (icprtfred which led to the transfer of Miss Hammond to Asuncion. This left Miss Hewett with i^iicli work, heavy cares, and great responsibilities, and in 1 ,Si)s she became critically ill, l)Ut reinaincd on the field. During the summer. Miss Klizabeth S. Downing was sent out.
BuKNos AvKKS.— In 1HS3, Miss Julia F,. Good- enough left Rosario, and went to Buenos Ayres, under the most urgent ai)pcal from the authorities of the Chun h. to lake charge of the girls' department, in the Ragged Scliool, of about eighty pupils. It was conducted in the " Five Points" of the mission, and at- tended by the children of the ]>oor who live along the river front. The support was shared by tlie General
''eytr^mr^^:^:':^ -^ } y ,•■ ''^^^
South America. 389
Society, tlie Woman's Society, and private conlribii- tioMS. The school ^rcw most satisfactorily, anil was felt as on ^vanKclizing agency in the city, with its woman's meeting, sewing school, <?lass and gospel meeting, and an English prayer-meeting. In i«86, after six years of .service, Mi.ss tioodenongh married I'rofes.sor Hud.son, of the Government schools. In 1888 a boarding-.school was opened, and in 18S9 Miss Kleanor I,e Hnray, of the Mexican Mi.-^sion, was trans- ferred here, and undertook, in addition to other du- ties, a training school for teachers, where she had twenty-five pupils, and four assistant teachers. She also successfully addre.s.sed herself to the advancement of the grade of the central department of her .school. A new day-.school for primary grades was opened without expense to the .Society. In iScj^ there were sixty-five pupils in the boarding-school, not only self- supporting, but with part interest in the Ragged Sch(X)l, where two hundred and fifty little waifs Irom the lenenient-hou.ses of the i)Oorer districts were taught, a creditable enter])rise of the evangelical mission in a Catholic country. The boarding-school girls were of many nationalities, but the language of the country was used, and Spanish customs followed in all matters of minor importance.' The Bible was studied torty minutes each day, and Church service and Sunday- school, and weekly-prayer-meetings were faithfully at- tended. At the time of Bishop Newman's official visit in i8v3, i' grand Sunday-school rally was held of the Sfianish ])eople in the Methodist -Mission, where over twelve hundred children were present from the kSiMida\ schools of Buenos Ayres alone. Mrs. New- man organized a Woman's Foreign Missionary So-
390 Woman's FoKEiGN Missionary SociETv.
ciety, whicli, aildcil to tlmt of the recenllyformed Kpworlh I<ea)»iif, cM|uippc(l iht-m with socielifs. Miss !•;. Tliiiuipson rcciivf<l tier appointinent liere in 1S93, and in 1X94 a new scliool-buildinK, witli capacity for two hundred and fifty children, was built, and fur- niture supplied from New York.
Pkku. -The beginning of a system of schools des- tined to become of vast importance, was made in Callao, Peru, by Miss Klsie Wood, September 15, 1H91, assisted by her sister Amy, about two weeks after her arrival from Huenos Ayrcs. This was the first evan- gelical school in that territory, half as large as the I'liited States. In two weeks there were twenty children present, made up from StTior Peu/.otti's con- gregationT>rhe need .seemed too great to wait for home instrucUHns, and so a few benches were bought, some settees fr(>nw the church borrowed, Mi.ss Wood i/u in .some map.s^ globe, and a small bl.ackboard, /he people in whose liauise the schoolroom was located (loaned a table, two cNairs, and a water-bottle and Vla.sses ; and thus e<|uipped, without previous adver- qsing, the work was launched. The children were fr\n five to eighteen \ears of age, of all colors — Spanish, Peruvian, Indian.. Negro, and even Chinese Peruvian. A small tuition fee was cliarged. They closed for their suuimer vacation, December 15th, with thirty-four scholars. On January 4, i.S()2, School No. 2. the Callao High .School was started, in which Kng- lish as well as Spanish islaught. This school is fteld in the best school rfeom in the city, and is connected with the boys' school. These rooms, with go(Kl-.si/.ed courts or play-ground, belong to the commit'ee in
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■ '''njtfmhfw'y^'rr^' '^f':f~^ ' ■ \';\ , i^f^f^^^'i^^r'^xw^^J^^
Africa. ^91
cliarge of >lie English Protestant Churcli, wliicli has been for years without a pastorJ They c-aiiK- very providentially into the hands of our missionaries, with the furniture, maps, seats, and desks. During the year forty one girls were registered. These girls are older and more advanced than those of any other school ill Callao. The first .school was placed in the hands of a former pupil. A third school was opened in 189^, with a young Peruvian woman, one of the converts, as teacher. The number of schools had in creased in 1.H95 to eight. " These are all evangelical agencies, with the Scriptures in the hands df the scholars, and gospel hymns in their months, tending as directly and powcrfulVrffl^Ujp Sunday-.school to put the gospel into their hearti, and vastly more than the Sunday school to .shape theJr lives," In a land where public preaching ^ forbidden by law, the .school be- comes disproportionately important to our work. Miss lilizabeth S. Goodiii wa^ .sent out in i.S(;<iby the Des Moines Branch.
Asrs'CioN. — As has been stated cImwIktc, Miss Rebecca J, Hammond was transferred from Monte- video to Asuiii ion, in Paraguay in 1.S94, and reported, before a year was closed, between .thirty and forty pupils.
AI'RIC.V.
Coiiiincmtil in 1K33— f)r>;.i.nizeil ns a Confireiioe in rS(6.
In 1.^74 the Woman's Foreign Missinnary .Society belicvt il lliat the time had come when it mi^^lil und ought to enter Africa, and uiidert(»ok the sui)jiort of a native teacher in Uassa. Correspondence was
^
M2 IVOAfAJV 'S FOREIdN MiSSIOSARY SOCIETY.
opened up with the Secretary "f the Liberia C«mfer- tiicc, Brother Depiitit, as to tlie further needs of the work there. He urned the necessity of "a female missionary and teacher lieinn sent either to Monrovia or Mount of Olives," naming. his preference for the latter place. In 1S77 he wrote, " The Tarinl Hoard ina«le a failure, in the early (la> s, 1)\ not K'-'lt'"K K'"'''' and training thcni in a country like this wliere polyg- amy is practiced to .such a fearful extent;" i'iting, as a rea.son, " keeping tlie young native Christian men from marrying heathin wives liy furnishing them with trained Cliristian young women." There is a greaft demand for training institutions to qualify teachers for the native work.
After advising with Hisliop (lilhert Haven and Rev. J. T. Oracey on tlicir return from Africa, it was decided that the "idv .satisfactory way wo\dd he to send a woman from this country who should be able to ]>lau and carry on the work. Accordingly the Executive Committee at Miuneaiiolis, in 187H made an ajjpropriation of $i,sik) to be used as opportunity offered. No use was made of it that year, but the next was more eucouraging. ICarly in 1H79 the Gen- eral Missionary Society sent out Mary Sharp, and as lier work was tlie legitimate work of the Woman's Society, lur support was taken 1>\ it soon after her arrival in Monrovia. Miss Sharp was for many years previously engaged in mission work among the freed- nien of John's Island. On reaching Africa, she luidertook work among the Kroos in one of the sub- urlis of Monrovia. With the hel]) of the natives, she put u]> an inexpensive bamboo building iiir a cliapel and school-house, which was burned down in 18S2,
(
Al-KIC.\. 393
when the Socii'ty liirni>liv(l iiu-.ms to lmil<l <m •• lar^;er scale. She- urole in iSHi : ' Tlieri- is nut a unirortu attendance at onr scli(H>lliiinsc in Kriii>to\vn. If it is u KO<>d lisliinK (lay, at least half arc enganiil in fishiiiK or selling fish. If they sncceed in selling the fish in H'«"l --tMson. they come to scIkkiI. W-ytown is across tlu- month of Stockton Creek, <|nite a lar^e stream. There are Kroos there, and ten hoys from there come to see me at the seminary. Sometimes they run in and drop their string of fish down, read a lesson, and are off. They come in <5?lnoes ; yesterday there were eight, to day only two. I have four with nil- for whom I proviile." Miss Shar|), helicving that missionaries lingered too long on the I.iherian coast, an<l that it was time the\ went ont among the heathen, whose moral degradation called loudly for help, took a trip up the Niger to ascertain the jw.ssi- bilit\ of reaching the natives in the interior through the agency of that stream.
After traveling some distance she selected a site as a ba.suof oiurations. In describing the natives as she fonml thini, she wrote; " Polygamy is common; human sacrifices are offered, especially on the death of a leading man; in every town the slaves outnum- ber the free pcni)le, and cannibalism is practiced. I)ee]), dark, overshadowing night, a night of death, moral and mental, covers this lost Contini-nt. O, the labor, the money, the lives that will have to be given before Africa is redeemed ! Yet the earth (and Africa is jiart of the earth) is to be full of "the knowl- edge of Cod." In some places they were asking for teachers and jjreachers. .\t Opolo, at the head of the Brass Kiver, one of the mouths of the Niger, the
J94 WOMAS'S FOREICN MISSIONARY SOCIKTY.
king offered to build a church, but lie wauted white missionaries.
Mi.ss Sharp traveled amid much duiiKer, .sDUie- times steeping in low. marshy places, near the deadly nian);o swamps, but enjoyed good health. On one of her tours she entered a town where, a few years before, the rankest c.iiinibalism prevailed, the natives often carrying human flcsli around in baskets for sale. Through missionary induencc a wonderful change had been wrought. She says: "A converted native at Old Calabar Mission prayed that Ood's goixlncss and mercy might cover nie around and around. It has been ever so. Were I a little more ethereal I think I might have discovered the white tents of the encamping angels; lor you know 'The Angel of the Lord encanipelh,' etc."
In i.HH;;, at the Oeneral ICxecutive Committee meeting in Ues Moines, the following action was taken ; "The Parent Society has uo white missionary at present in Africa, and its work has been greatly less- ened in th;it country. The Woman's Society has been represented there the last four years by Mary Sharp, who has frei|uently expres,sed great dissatisfaction with the Society, which has paid her the full anumnt of her .salary uj) to November 30, iMSj. Her work has been eliiefly among the Kroo boys, who are of a race hitherto inaccessible, and of such unsettled and wandering jiroclivities that a permanent e.stablish- ment among them has been impossible. The Parent Society, having withdrawn its approval of Miss Sharp as a missionary of the Woman's Society, after con- sultation with the ISishop and ijiissionary authorities of the Church, she has been recalled.
Afkica. 395
"The Woman's Sixicty still holds itself in readi- ness to follow whenever the Parent ScK'iety shall aKain enter or extend its operations in Africa, and prays for the time when, with suitable and effKient workers, it may do something for the evaugelization of that dark and difficult field."
Miss Ivmma Miciiknkm.
In the fall of i.Syg, Miss Ivnilna Michener, of Phil- adelphia, called upon the Branch Secretary, Mrs. Keen, to talk about her desire to ^o as a missionary to Africa. Mrs. Keen presented to her other fields, with their pressing needs, told her of the deadly climate, and overflowing graveyards of Afric.i, but she answered, " I believe the Lord calls me to go to Africa; I go because it is most degraded, and needs me most." This was the safwe spirit of consecration that led her, as a successful teacher, to resign her position, and for two years teach in a .school for col- ored children. She also .said : " If my death in Africa is worth more to Him than my work, I am His to do His will." She was accepted as a missionary for Africa. Her life had been full of good works. She had assisted the home missionary among the emi- grants ; was not only zealous but efficient in visiting, teaching, and in persuading men to give up drinking and attend religions services. She taught a class of twenty boys in the mission Sunday-.school, and led the children's meeting in the Church on Saturday afternoons, dreat hopes were centered in her for u.Hefuluess in her newlycho.sen field. On her way out she had a narrow escape frlim^ fatal shipwreck ofT the coast of Wales, when the Molilalia went, on
396 IVOM. tN 'S FOKKKJS' MISSION. \KY SOCIKTY.
Hie rocks (luring the night of March 13, iSNo. While in the loiking, open boat, in tile dnrknexs, she NnvM this tlioiight eatne into her mind: "I thonght Ciod had called me to go to Africa; but if He wants me to go u]) from a watery bed to night, nil is well." She reached Monrovia in April, iHHo, and commenced teaching. Soon there canie a call for a teacher to go to Hassa, eighty miles farther down the coast; she re- sponded, and in June opened n school for girls in the Methodist cluirchbitilding. This grew rapidly in numbers; but in a month or two ilic diimite began to alTcct her health, and she became very ill of African fever ; then followed many weary months of extreme illness. In November, a woman employed by the Baptist Missionary Society, Mrs. \'onbrnnn, heard of her suffitiiig. and had her removed to her hou.se, -some nine miles up the St. John River. She was now in the hands of an experienced nurse and a kind friend, and, under C.iHl'sVjlessing, she seented to re- cover her health. In all her moments of conscious rea.son her faith never wavered that she woidd yet be ])erniitted to do some work for God in Africa, In writing of her illness, she .says: •' How precious the blessed I.ord was to me in my hours of loneliness, and how sweetly I was enabled to rest my all on Him ! thanks be unto His holy name !" During her con- valescence she was repeatedly urged to return home ; but to every suggestion she turned a deaf ear, and, after a short visit to Monrovia, returned to Ka.ssa, and commenced teaching again in April, t.SSi. She be- lieved Ciod wanted her to go right out amontj^the na- tives, howe\er, anil h.iving obtained a grant .of one hundred acres of unoccupieJ land in any spot in Li-
-¥^ •. ' ^rfj^ X'jffvyTTtf 'T*pT?^'^"rT;;yn^'^'^|j
Akkica. 397
biTiii >lii' iiiiKlit sck'it for a mission, July i.'tli. with iKvernl native tioys, slie left for the interior. There were no vehicles for travel, and no ro.uls for them : rivers to crons, and no bridges. All overland travel in done in lianimockH. Imagine this hrave^irl swntiK in a hammock, carried by mule sava){e> through dense for- ests and thick jnngles, or snpported on their heads as they wade waist deep across lar^e rivers ; twelve miles from even a civilized Neuro, and fif\y miles tiom the oidy two other white persons in Monrovia, rinht' out antonK the natives, and everywhere, il not too much afraid, they would run out of their settlements to see the strange white woman tliat had come from far over the bi^; water to teach \\\in\ (loil palavir. When the desired location was found -a lii^h hill, well wooiled, with a running stream of water —she sat down amid the vast panorama of beauty and cried, " Mnreka !" and, while tears of joy streamed down her cheeks, sanjj, " I'raise (Vod, from whom all blessing"' flow," and s.iid she believed her heart woidil almost burst for joy the day when the scliiiol bell ran); out on that hill, and re-echoed throu^jh those forests. ^
In October she wrote: "I have a .school number- it\g forty-two children. Six of them are boarders, and many of the girls are natives. A few days ,\f,ii one of them was converted, and this morning; led in prayer. Two others ;Tre serious. I have made considerable proxres-i in the B.i.ssii laiiKuage, and my work has at- tracted attention from .some of the most inllnential men of the ueinhborliood. They are so pleased with my resolution to remain, notwithstanding all 1 have suffered, that they assure me they will do all in their power to assist in my missionary qperations. They
.^9" Woman 's FonEiaN Missionary Socikty.
have agreed tu put mc up n buiUIiiiK without nny itmt to the S<)cii-ty at home, wliich will Ik- ready for oc cupaiicy l>y January i, i.'<h.> "
MisH Michener wan taken Huddenly ill on an Knglish steamer jjoing from Hassn to Monrovia, ami died l)e- ceniher io, i.SKi Her remains were taken to Mon rovia, an<l buried in the little cemetery beside those of Melville H. Cox
Mrs. Amanda Smith visited her tfrave when in Africa, and .says: "A very pretty little bush seems to have volunteered to mark the spot ; and just where her mother would have planted a rose on the breast, a , beautiful vuic. somethiuK like our trailing arbutus, has spread out its branches, which forms almost a star, and at the foot is a bunch of ferns." In 1SH2 the I'liiladelphia Hraiuli solicited, within its territory, sir-. cial offering's tor the purchase, transportation, and erection of a suitable stone to coinnieiuorale her de- votion and sacrifice, an<l mark her resting place. .Xpril !<;, i«S4, Rev. David A. Day wrote: 'The stone and fence have been placed in position. I have not seen the work since it was completed, but the Amer- ican minister at Monrovia tells nie that it is well dune. I went down and en),'atjed the workers, made arranjjenieiits for carrying it to the cemetery, etc."
What shall we do for Africa.' is the great problem.
'fWr^W'm^^^frw^^'^'^
Chaptkr XIV.
mi:miniscences.
IN IcNjkiiiK IkkU (iviT the yvnr>. what iiifiimrics rist ainoitK thi' hoiiif woikiTsI Mrs. J. T. (Irucey siiyn: "Thost- xvlio. in the early >e:irs, liiokcd on with halfiiniiiM'd ciintt'in|ilatiuii of woman's orKnni/inK .111(1 .l(llllilli^trati^■l• skill, have i oine t<i reali/e the liii-iiuss eiiteri>rise. literar> aliility, and far-reaillilij; jilans (if this Sdcietx ." Mrs. Iv T. Cowen remembers '■ the dmihts expressed liy some and open opposition by olliirs; the sneers that cnt a sensitive woman like a lash; the toucliinK pictures drawn of home duties ne>;leeteil; the Church doors elosed to us!" She reuiemhers also hriKhter pictures; "True l>rotherly support from otliers; friends where friends were needed, aieess to the ear of One whose right arm never faileth." Surely the dark days ended gloriously. "What a stiMN , full of pathos and humor, " says Mrs !•; J. Kiiowles. " minht lie written of tluise early e\pirieiKes in orjjauizinK Auxiliaries in the days win II It w.is a hrave. if n'ot n 'bold' thinj; for a woiimi to lift up her voice so that it could he heard in pulilic'' Then, referring to the farewell nieeliiiKs of llirilliii),' interest in the autumn of i87f>, held for "our first \iry own missionary, Miss Fannie J. Sp-irkes," in New York, Brooklyn, and Newark, she .idds ' What times were these' All our hearts went willi our missionaries then; for the nundier was few, the «,iy w;is lonjj. and the work in its uncertain
39V
;-.«,..„•,
400 H'OM.IN 'S FOKKIdN AffSSIOSAKV SOCfKTf.
licKiiiniiigH. Now, 'many run tn unci lin.' ami \vc arc in ilanKcr of furKt-ttinK tlint tlity ntol us nnuli lis eviT <mr synipiitliy and jirayi-rs. "
In llie iM^innitiK ol tliis tuodi'rn missionary movi- nii-nt anmnn wnnKii tlitii- .wiTc " iipiHistrs " in tin- Wist, US well att in tlif nmrc iiinsi-rxativf Jvast; iiml then- were ministi-rs ami laynit-n in llic Cliurch wIkj siiid "I,ct yinir wonun ki-ip siUnce in the ilinrilics.' Mrs. M.J SliilUy. i>t ilii Tii|irUa Hiamli. reiiiinits siinu- intiristinn inii'iints. "At <>nt tinif," silt -.avs. ■■|)tiansi' of llic diflicullics in tin.- way of rei)ri'sintinK Dur work t" tin- wAiniMi i>f liii- Chnrclies, we asked for a da> al i-anip nicitiiin. 'nil wire refused. We. were olTered a day alter tlu- nieetinK closed, on IVMi conditions ; first, we niiist pay the police force, « liii li was deemed iiecessar\ lor our .safety: and, seciptid. we iiiust take 110 coll(,'elioii on the camp uroiiiid. We were jierplexed to kli.iw whether we oiinht to accent these terms, hecaiise we had no IuihU; .111(1 we li.id planned to meet all expenses by colUctioiis .M'ter much prajer and thought we .iccepted the conditions, believiiin dod would in soiiii- way help ns in this extremity.
".\ccordin>;ly, we made all necessary preparations; lull when the ilieetiiin closed, almost every tent- holder had left the >;roiinds. ^*he wi\es of some o( them would have remained: hut their hushands said they had been there so many <lays already, they vonld stay no loii^;er. Others declared they did not care about stayiii>{ to a iiciiuin's forei^^n missionary meet' iiiK. After consultation, we couthided to trust our (lod for protection throUKh the ni>{bt, to save expense by dismissing the police, and ring the bell ourselves.
:'fw^"'irp|ip^*7?5«^^?T "^ '^'''^^^*'
^:.*'..'PT^-'r»\-
Rkminisckncks. 401
" The (lay (UwiiccI fuir mid hfuiitil'til, and wi- were up corly for <>ur tiinriiiiiK priivi-r nii't'tiiiK- We rcnl- iccd at our first ^athcritiK we were not alone; God wnH with (iH, Some of tin- officers of tfie Cam|) iiieet- iiiK AKsociatioii remained with w*. uiid at our nine o'eh>ck missionary love feast tliey l>ecanie so inter- ested tliat they cnme to tis aiiA said : ' We have con- cludtd that the Woman't I-'orei^n Missir>nnry Sm-iety is not detrimental to the promotion of holiiu'ss, and, if you ilesinywv will K've you a day next year during oiir meeting.' Before the eleven o'elock scrvicv was roiK'liKled we Were waited upon aKuin, and told that we min'il take a eollection at the elost of the service." * "An itiiieratiuK experience is also niven, of which Mrs, Shelley was a part? On a cold day in Nowni- bcr a carriage mi){lit have hcen' seen moving slowly, because of the inuil and rain, over the Hrownville jind Tecuinseh road, a distance of thirty five miles, in Ne- braska. The horses had t)een made life nienilicrs of the Woman's I'oreiKn Missionary Society, an(^ afler- wanls spent years in making such journeys. The occupants of the carriage were a driver and two very' diminutive ladles, so completely enveloped in wrap- pings as to be scarcely recognizable by even intimate friends. That you may know who these xvomeii are, we clip from a local column this notice: 'Mrs. Nind and Mrs, Prescott, two traveling missionaries for the Methodist Ivpiscopal Church, gave us two entertain- ments this week.' .Fortunately, the informant did not .stoj) here and leave us in d(mbt as to the nature of the entLrlainment, but adds: 'in the way of a sermon from each.' This is all the people seemed to know about them, "fhey knew not whence they 26
40J WOMA/V'S FOKKttiN MlSSlOyAKY SociKTr.
caiuf nor whithrr Ihcy wfiit ; that tlicy wert- ' travcl- iiiK inis»ioniirii-s' tlicir tnivi'l ntniiied KiiniifiitH wi-rc CDiiclusivc i-vi»li-iK-f.
" The lii-avv riiiii.s wliitli liait fallen rendered ItravcliuK vrry dilTu'iilt ; yet ?ttt-adily itn and (in went [our 'traw'linK inissinnarifs,' iiittnt ui«)ii n'!|('liinK tlivir ili'stination Itefori' iiiKlitfall. If yon hail liccn near you niiKht havi- hi-ard sniitclics of houj; or rippli'.s of taiixhttT. Darki'u'.ss (.aiiu- on, and they wiTe still "tcveral miles from tho plaic where ^yy had ho|K-d ■ to spend the iiiKht. Fearing if Ificy traveli'<l after it was dark thi'V mi^jht lose their way on tlu'M' wide prairies in the chilly ni>;lit, they (U't'idi-d it was l>est tii find, if poNsihle, an immediate rcliiKi-. Ac-i-orilinKly, they drew up at a tiny, low- ruofed farmhouse. A pleasant old gentleman an- swered to their call, and in reply to their rei|uest to remain all ninht, said he was sorry it would not l»e rouvenietit; hut as his house was very suiall, and he already had fourteen persons to keep, they luul iK'tter K" •>" t" the next hoi^se, and if not permitted to remain there, they i<iuld return, and he would endeavor to make room for them.
"It was now <|uite dark, and the horses were almost utunanageahle, yet they reached the next house, only to find that a rest here was impossihle. There Vas no alternative nowiliut to retnrn to the little farm house, where the hospitahle old Ketitlemau reieive<l thein himself. The small room now seemed literally packed. After some conversation with these people the 'traveling mis.sionaries' gave orders for aij early breakfast; and, the next day being- the Sahhath, they ifl|id their liill that night, while the good man
^^^infwn!^Wc^fryvwpT'^r"'^r H'sjr
nni<l : ' ScfiiiK y<m are Koinx iit)oiit iloing k'knI, the l•hnr((t•^t will 1k' \n\l oiii- iliilliir tut vnurHclvis, your (IriviT, lilid yoiir iior->fs.' Tlu y wutv shown in which ciiriur of till- r(Miin tliey niiuhl |iri-|>iiri- tlirir IkmI, inul »ii|>|>crli'>s, .iltcT thejr fonK riilf, llu' two inission- nrlc!», and your luinililv wrvaiit, the <lrivcr, Iny <l<^wii to ri'Mt Tl(i-rc was Imt otu' lilaiikct Ix-twct'ii tlu'iii inul llif iMuiir|iclf«| flour, and tlu-y pii-ci-d to)4i-thiT shawU and wraps ror a fovrrjn>{.
"Thi-y arow I'arlv. Iml litik- ri'Treshi'd, and niaik- prcparntioHH for hri-ukfast. This meal consisted of a Clip of ten, some j^ood dread, and a dish of jx)rk swimming iji Krease. \**iir missionaries, niifortu- nateU , did not eat porh nor drink tea, hnt tl^'y had Hood liread and water left. They Hjoked at the tt^le, at each other, and at the tal>le a^ain. One who had re|>roved the driver the nivfhl licfore, hv Jjravely lay- ing, as^liey lay on the l>are TloorT 'TJlie Son of man had not wliere to lay his head,' was now nlterly at a loss. The driver might luave rejoined by saying : ■And into \vlialsoe\;cr city ye enter, and they receive von, eat such "tjiinns as are set before you.'
"Hut it w^rs' little Wonder the Secretiffj- was dis- turbed when she thought of the fjong ride before tliem. and the little hope for more anijile refreshment. The driver had made many such journeys l^jL-fore, and understood Hiat the hostess had placed Iwffore them the best Wu had; but the Secretary did not fully realize this fact, and asked demurely, 'Can I have some butter?' 'I have no bu\^er,' was the host- ess's meek reply. With a .still more hopeless expres- .sion, the Secretary asked again, ' Can I have some milk?' The milk was brought, and the Secretary
404 Woman's Foreign Missionary SociBTr.
happily fiuished her breakfast with good bread and milk. We believe that He who said, ' Whosoever shall give you a cup of water," noted the kindness of that hostess, and she will find her reward.
" Breakfast over, the three set oift on their journey; and after a weari.somQ ride of fifteen "miles, over the bluffs along the Mi.s,soHri River, they reached Peru. The u^iple were just Koing to church where these 'traveling niission*ies' were engaged to give another 'entertainment' at eleven o'clock. There was scant time to wipe the mud from their faces and brn.sh it from their clothing before they nui.st start for Jhe church. They found the Methodist church in this unfamiliar city only after many wandering;*! and much fear lest some other denomination might re- ceive tl^ benefit of their 'entertainment.'
"Those days of har(J.shii>s and |)rivations are past; .still in the prosecutioji of the work there came expe- ' rience.S that made one mi.ssionary .say, soon after his return from India: 'Ladies, it is easier to be spit upon from the bazars of India than to contend with the obstacles which oppose you.' "
Mrs. C. F. Wilder has used sonit of these "experi- ences " in making a chapter read .stranger than fiction. She imiiersonates an itinerant:
"My Blessed Friend: I have not forgotten youC*!^ have not been ungrateful in my silence for your lov- ing care and ho.spitality; I have liot been
, "Carried to llic skits
On fl()wc,ry Iwds of case ' ,
. » since I left your kind roof; but I have been busy. That is ifiy excu.se for the long delay (of which I am
Reminiscencbs. 4P5
nfihamed) in lettiiiK you know where I am, and how I have fare^sincc I left you.
" The train was late that night for Oak Valley, and I was very thankful for the sensible lunch you put in the little box. There was n Sunday-school Conven- tion in session at Oak Valley, at the opera-house, and the big nieejng of the Convention was held that even- ing ot» whrcli I arrived. The Corresponding Secre- tary of the Woman's Foreign Mis.sionary Society had forgotten to notify the Conference Secretary that it would be impossible to have me .speak that evening, and all the ladies of the Auxiliary had forgotten that I was to come. So there was no one to meet ine." I went to the hotel, and, after 1 had washed my face and hands, went to the opera-house. As the kind Father would have it, fcwas taken to a .seat beside a Sunday-.scliool worker, who is also a member of our Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. She was l)eing entertained by a royal Christian, whose home, like her heart, was large enough to take me in. I left the next day for the .succeeding appointment, spoke at the Mis- sionary Co'ivenlion in t>lie afternoon; made an ad- dress in the evening; and when the committee met me at the train before I left, asked what were my ex- penses, and I told them $1.95, they gave me two .sil- ver dollars, (juoting the motto on the silver coins, and adding : ' We will give you the five cents over ex- . pauses.'
"At Berline I was not expected, as the pa.stor there is not of the ' expectant tribe.' All arrangements had lieen made with liini by the Conference Secretary, as our Society is dead in that place ; but he had not had a letter from her for two weefci, and did not know but
k
4o6 U^OAfAN 'S FQREIGN MUSIONAR Y SOCIETV.
she had canceled my em^Hment. When I reached that place, there beiiiR n(fBhe to meet me, I went to a hotel. It rained, thundered, lightened, and the wind blew furiously. As soon as it cleared off, I went to the parsonage, and found it was prayer meeting night, and the pastor ju.st ready to go to Cliurch. There were six people at praycr-ineeting, and at the niinl.s- ter's reciiie.st I talked,^ siing, I answered (picstions. All seemed delighted, and we took \\\t a collection of $5, that will go to help organize a Society ; for there would not be ten women in the Cliurch to take holdj and one woman, a washerwoman, was anxious that there should be a Society instead of a Band. The next morning at the hotel that washer^woman came and gave me -a dollar toward my. ejyienses. She .said: La.st night I lay a-thinkin ' anda-thinkin ' what I couH do for you, for you did me so much good; and all of a sudden I remembered my home plants that Mis' Riley offered me a dollar for., I went over to see her this niornin', and she gave me a dollar.'
" From Berline to Cherryvale. A rainy, di.sagree- able day to find a desolate .station ; set down in the mud, and ' nobody nor nothin'.' there .' I sent up town for a hack. At Cherry vjile they let you come ; and if you come, let you send up to the hotel for a hack, and then they take you to a hotel. I went to the parson- age t() find that the pastor and his wife were visiting in VVooster. I found a little hotel, where I got din- ner ; then went rumjnaging over town to dig out some Methodists. I dug up two, and learned that my meet- ing liad never been announced. Nobody had ever heard of me! The Woman's Foreign Missionary So- ciet>' dead. The pa.stor had been indifferent, not only
'i
REiflNJSCBNCES. 407 ^
to our work, but to his own — liis habits being such that ht was ahnost wholly unfitted for his place — the one minister I have ever known of this sort. 1 huns my harp upon the willow, feeling as desolate as the Jews in -a strange land, and went back to the miser- able little hotel, with its stuffy looms, thinking if we could |#y see as far ahead as we do behind, what a restful week I might have had in your home. What a pity ! All the way almo.st a desert, and no dessert ! We could have done so much with our pen in a whole week, an<l I gone to Lanco.ste for Sunday.
" I had a very pleasant time titere that Sunday. I was entertained at Dr. Marine's, and had a great big, pleasant room to my.self and could go to it whenever I was tired. I visited the Church I'niverjjity, the In- stitute, and looked all over the beautiful city. I went to West Lancoste, and spoke in that Church in the morning, and took a collection of 545, besides a good time. In the evening I spoke at Trinity. Had a large and enthusiastic audience; Church full; collec- tion. Si 27. vSpoke to the .Sunday-school and l-'pworth League Monday afternoon ; met the ladies of all de- noniin.itions in Mrs. Dr. Marine's parlors. Left on Tuesday for Tolando, where we held our eighth Con- vention. It rained all the time I was there; but the e\ening congregation was large, and there were (piite ' a number of delegates from the surrounding towns. The audience seemed delighted with the address, and made me talk about an hour longer than I had planned. The pastor beggeS me to stay over Sunday, and take the services. He said that the.people were woefully ignorant of what our Church was doing through the women in the line of foreign missionary work.
4o8 WOifAN'S FOREIGS MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
" I had a present here, from a beautiful lady, of a picture that I prize highly. This picture, with that little book you saw, and the $2 that came from that kind-hearted farmer who rode, with Jus wife, twelye miles to hear me that Tuesday evenifi^t your home, are all the presents that I have ever received.
"On Friday morning I went to Otranto, where I was met at the depot by one of the kindest little women. She was so very sorry that she could not entertain me, but .said her neighbor across the .street would give me the 'sweetest entertainment.' This kind lady, who met me, had her own hor^s and driver. Her house was a large, handsome, steam-heated home. I went to her neighbor's, a goo<i-hearted dressmaker, who did for me the best she could. The guest-chamber was cold, so my good little dressmaker made me take a warm flatiron for my feet, '^u see I could not get off any reports or mail from there. J spoke to a fairly good audience that evening. Peopl^Memed to know that some one was to speak whom it woula not be con- venient for the ' kindest little woman ' to have for her guest.
"When they asked what my expen.ses were, they seemed astonished at the amount ; so I gave an itemized statement of the whole $3.08. When they were pay- ing me ' the kindest little woman ' remarked : ' I do hope that does not empty the treasury, for you know I advanced 37 '4 cents on tho.se Reports.'
" The next day I had a headache, and it rained, and hailed, and snowed, and blowed, but I was to speak at Mendone. When I reached the station, I was met by several nice-looking women, with badges, and we walked to the church, taking my valise and handbag
mi'
^'' W T^
f RF.MimsCKKCES. 409
fiks
along. The Ufnes had gotten up a social missionary tea in the churcli parlors, that was to last from four until eight o'clock. Of course, I was expected to be ' social.' I talked and ate, and ate and talked. The ladies did not"fceni to dream that I could be tired, sic^, homesick, or long for otie minute's quiet, but ex- pected me to fill myself with cake, pickles, cold ham, and weak tea, and between mouthfuls fill them full of missionary enthusiasm ! The parlors were mu.s.sed, the women tired, everything in a whirl and a buzz. I was criticised in regard to my dress (I had put on my one ewe lamb, because I knew it was to be a ' big thing ') ; children stared at me, and a darling baby wiped her fingers on my one piece of nice neck trim- ming.
"They thought that all the money that could be spared for a year had been planked down in the ten cents paid for their missionary tea. As .soon as I dared, when I found no one else intended to propose it, I l)e- gan the warfare with the gas, oxygen, ham and tea ; and although I could not begin speaking until after nine o'clock, because they are such a social people and wanted all the ten cents at the table, every one seemed to enjoy the speecli. They wanted I should take a collection, and were perfectly astonished when they counted up over $30. They had taken $8 at the tea, but nearly two of that would have to go to pay for the icecream. They gave me twenty-five cents over my expenses I
"My Conference Secretary seems very much grat- ified at ni> .success, but wonders if I could not reduce my expenses. She thinks she plans so well that I need never go to a hotel or ride in a 'bus. My. rub-
r
4IO Woman's FoREfCN AfissiOtyARV Society.
bers arc worn out, and my tjloves look forlorn. My best drt'ss is spotted in several places, and my hand- kerchiefs look Krimy, because 1 try to wash them out myself. My hose need mending, and the buttons are loose on my boots. I have earned for the Society durin'tj the last month aljont $400, besides giving the people a permanent uplift in missionary work. The Secretary wrote me that some ()f the ladies proposed to give me enough .sdary to keep me in gloves and boots, but she thought that I ought to love .souls well enough to do this work for nothing. You know what an elegant home tmr Secretary has ; but she frequently writes nie of her sacrifice of time to jilan out this work, and to go now and then to quarterly meetings, wlierc, to be sure, she works, but still lias leisure for visiting with tliose .she knows and loves, "^'or fifteen years I have been among strangers in this and foreign lands, and everywhere been looked upon as an in- truder. The ministers and .\uxiliaries don't want me. The heathen liave never lieeu known to hanker after us since they were cannibals. I thought I had staid among strangers just as long as I could. I was worn out, soul and body. I wanted to .see my mother. Some nights I would have given the whole world, if I liad had it, to have had my own precious motlier tuck me in bed, pat the bedclothes, and give me tlie goo*l-night kiss, just as she did when I was a Jittle giKj. and came home to re.st. The workers said the women ai the Clnirch wi>re ignorant of the needs of ■the missionary work. There was no way for tliem to find out, only for me to go and tell them. Would I gp? My dear'old mother put her heartache aside. I said that I would forget that I had spine or nerves,
(
rap^< J«^.^^^W««, ■'«'vf«,>^j^^'w.JMi r"' '■'•"^'JT'
REAflNISCENCES. 4II
and tiike up ihu work. But as I go around over this rich country, fdkd with cxpc-nsivc homes aiKl Qle^ant .churches; this country of newspapers, Church papers, and magazines. I am i)uz7,led more and more to know ifhy the missionary nftist, when she conies home to rest, spend all her time working amoti^ the heathen in our own Churches."
Lest we find too sweet contentment in what a quar- ter of a century has seen accomplished, we wSjI cast "a glance backward" with Mrs. S. L. Baldwin, who went to China in a .sailiuK-vessel, uistead of a fine, swift steamer, one hundred and forty days out en the ocean saijinjj, before reaching Foochow, .sixty of them out of sight of land, and then anchored off Anjer, on the Island of Java, where they took in provisions and news as to how " the war" was going in tlje United States. In the varicfis latitudes, one winter, a snow- \rf^orin, as they rounded the Cape of Good Hope, was sandwiched between two summers. The workers of to (la\ , with their belter equipment, wopld find it diffi- cult to understand how these early mis.sionaries were luiniiH-red for lack of tools.
Tlie liilde was in process of translation into the colUxpiial, and .Mrs, Baldwin writes:
"Many a jileasant hour did I spend with my hus- band on Proverbs, while other members of the mis- sion were at work on other portions. Hynui-book, discipline, catechism, school-books — all had to be translated and ])riiited for the first time. Mrs. Sites did a most excellent work in putting into Chinese the Bilile Picture book. The Anglo-Chinese Dictionary, .so invaluable in the study of the language, was not in existence. The great value .and 'cost' of that work
4 1 2 WoA/. lAT 's Foreign AfissroNAK r Societv.
I appreciated later, as it fell to my lot voluntarily to do what one gentleman termed the ' drudgery ' of straightening out, so that the printers could under- stand them, the many corrections made b>* the two authors. This cost me two hours' writing daily for a year and a half. In those days the missionary, to a greater extent than now, had to be not only preacher and teacher, but translator and bookmaker. Later, as God's blessing came on our work, he must be also profe.s.sor, editor, superintendent of a great press, which, at times, was so full of work that it was going night and day, employing two sets of hands.
"At that time we had a Foundling A.sylum; a small building into which were received the castaway baby girls, sometimes left on the hill near the door, evidently with the hope that they would be cared for. Many of them, in spite of utmost care, died of previ- ous neglect or inherited weakness; but others lived to enter our boarding-school, so finely conducted by the Misses Woolston. All who lived became Chris- tians, were married to Christian men, and are lights wherever they are. The results of the Misses Wool- ston's twenty-five years of wise, unselfish labor, can not Ik." estimated here. I shall never forget my first visit to our suburban Church, Citing Sing long (True God Church). As I entered the door I saw only men and boys, but the corner, including a window on the left of the pulpit, was latticed off, forming a room into which no one coiUd look. I inquired its pur- pose, and was conducted out of the Church to a side entrance into this rooiji; and lo! there were the women and girls hearing the gospel through the lattices. The custom f/ secluding womeir made this
/
■■^T^V--
Rbminiscencbs. 413
room necessary, and it was not \et safe to ignore the cifStoni. But very soon all such fears disappeared, fkwA our women and girls hore the cross, for His sake, and took their place in the puhlic congregation."
Mrs. J. T. Gracey throws an intensely interesting side light on the history of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society in the following;
" Looking back over the years, two .scents'Vonie to my mind connected with the early hi.story of our woman's work. One was in India, the other in America.
"It seemed at the beginning of our mission history in India as if never a door would open which would give us entrance to the women of the country. Once a l)egiTining was made, the missionary women recognized that it was destined to develop beyond any resources they could com^nand; and so a few of us met together, talked the matter over, and decided that we must make apjilication to the Missionary Society at hmne for an ai)propriatio'n specially for women's work. The application was made, the facts were enumerated ; but for some reason no appropria- tion was allowed. Had the Missionary Society at that time adopted this work, it is possible the Woman's Foreign Missicmary Society might never have come into existence, and certainly not in the efficient form which it has taken on. The mission- aries of India in the succeeding months found them- selves face to face with an obstacle that ' would not down.' If they could not get what they needed through the Missionary Society, because it was em- barras.sed with debt, or did not apprehend the new developments which were destined to swing all the
414 WOMAM 'S FoREHiN MISSIONARY SOCIETV.
doors of India back on their Inures, that woiihl not excnse the missionary wonitii of Intha from eiTort to meet the providential necessity liy seeking aid through some other cliannel.
" Five years pass, and there is anoliier assemlily of* women. As the writer sat in tliis second gathering her mind went hack to the first alluded to. This one is in Boston, not in India. It was in Ajiril, 1.S70, when twelve womeily representing tlie six newly-or- ganized branches/ which constituted (at least on paper) tlie Woinan'x Foreign Missionary Society, were a.ssembled in the parlors of Mrs. T. A, Rich, of Hoston. It was the first meeting of the Ivxecutive Committee of the .Society. Two missionaries had gone to India already, and the Hareilly Orphanage had been traTisferred to this Society, and its support (indertaken by them. This first Executive Coinniitlee faced the fact that J 11,000 wen; necessar\' to meet obligations upon them for the ^oming year. Wher- ever could they hope to secure such a large sum of money? Eleven thousand dollars! Whose faith was equal to the emergency? At this juncture Mrs. E. W. Parker, of India, burdened with a sense of pressing needs of India's women, and with a faith that was well-nigh sublime — faith in God, and faith in the women of Molhodisni — rose and boldly proposed that an effort be made to raise twenty thousand dollars ! For a moment there was an ojjpressive silence, then from every one present came an exclamation of .sur- prise, an audible, ' Oh I' The unexi>res.sed thought seemed to be that Mrs. Parker's zeal had run away with her judgment. The enthusiasm was, lunvever, contagious, and the advanced ground was taken. It
■i
'"-■■' .' \ "■• . ^
RE.VINISCENCES. 415
was a far KreatiT triiinipli of faith than was thf ap- propriation of thri'f hundrid and twilvc thousand dollars !)>■ tht- l^xcrutivc Coniniittuc in vSt. I'anl ill i.Sy.v
"1 recall this stent' as if it were l)nt yesterday. Of that company, the jjifted and s'lintly Mrs. Dr. Olin, and the eflficient secretary, the brilliant and beloved Mrs. Dr. Warren, have ])as.sed on throuKh the Rates ■ of the city, while others are, still working or waiting. . "A niiKht> , transforming power has been felt in the educational,, evangelistic, and medical work of this Society thronKhout India, which has been developed since those two eventfid nieetin>;s. Individual lives have been lifted froni sin and defjradation; women have come more lar^jely to ap])rehend and appreciate the spirit and ]>ower of the Christian home ; thou- sands of children li.ive been cared for by the So- ciety's representatives, and have been sent forth to spread abroad the tidin|;s learned: a Clirislian litera- ture has been nia<le ])iwsible for heathen hou.seholds; aspirations have l)een kindled, .ind thouj;hts of God have been implanted.
" The educational lines have been advanced from the little veranda school to the Lucknow Woman's Colle),'e. The residt of this culture is evidenced in native women able to preside over a conference of their Christian sisters, while others who had s])ent most of their lives in the Mohanimedaii or Hindu harem, are found in public asseml)lies readinj^ papers written liy themsehes, or discussinj;"malters ])ertain- ing to general education, liishop Thobi .n says 'that nowhere in Methodism, if, indeed, anywhere el.se in Christendom, is woman's work so fully recognized and
'' {
4 16 Woman 's Foke/cs AfissiONARv Society.
so thoroughly organized as in the Methodist Epis- copal Church in^iudia.' We may catch a glimpse of the marvelous aclvance when we realize the fact that in two presiding elders' districts in North India, woman's work is superiiitendod by native Chris- tian women. >
" Marii the progress in medical work. Our Society .first introduced the study of medicine among the women of Asia; and now a despised, neglected Hindu widow breaks away from the prejudices of cen- turies, and takes the first honors of her class in a medical college; and another, a little abandoned waif taken into our Orpliauage Home, half dead, is now a Christian physician in charge of a Government hos- I)ilal for Women. We may not .say what number of women have learned 'the way, the truth, and the life,' or have been relieved from the religion of super- stition and fear of false gods, and of those which are ' nothing,' and have come under the influence of a religion of love.
"Thiviking of it all, it seems a long way l)ack to that first executive meeting; or that other little group of wearied women in India in tlie gray dawn of this movement; and yet it is as 'a dream when one awaketh,' for after all it was but yesterday that this work begap. We close the first (piarter of a century with devout thank.sgiving, and look hopefully to the future."
Mrs. J. Fotvler Willing, in a recent contribution ■to the Fiienu, gives as the secret of the grand success of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Societjjf " plod- ding perseverance," adding so much good sense we venture to make liberal extracts. " Doing the next
'^^p^r^-'
.w-,--^
Reminiscences. 417
tliiiiK faithfully," she says, "and tnistiiiK the Lord to make wliat He can of it. Not waiting for j^rcnt wind- falls, bequests, the K'ft^ "f niillid^iaires, but picking up the pennies and trudging on. Its ' two cents a week.' drops into the treasury like the patter of spring rain. Though tile times are hard, and„retrenchn)ent is the order on Ivery hand, \et it has had to lake no steps backward. The sand-banks with whicli the Hollanders shut out tBe .sea are made strong by the rootlets ot the grass growing on them. So this noble , Society, by tlie little helpings of its many workers, may hold at bay the tremendous monetary surges that sweep away great fortunes and crij.ple inighty enterprises." . k
But she seems not' .satisfied in giving "the secret spring of the successful achievements of this organi- zation, but, as of old. fearlessly advancing, she affirms that "patient plodding" is the very life of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society- " Wealth is good," .she moralizes; "pastoral aid desmible; ecclesi- a.stical .sanction helpful; b\it it is ])atient ])lodding for Christ's dear love that tu^ns the mulberry-leaf of feminine ability into the silken mbe of sidvation f()r heathen women." ^
" At first it seemed a great hardship to be for- bidden^ to take i)ublic collections. Wli.it? Work up a meeting against all odds, half frightened out of one's wits by the jiresiding, :ind rep<1hing, and appealing; heart-sinking under a .sense of responsibility /or half the heathen world; and. after all. not be allowed to reap a harvest from the interest created! 'O, the pity of it !' exclaimed a gentleman in Piqua, Ohio. '.Such a waste I If you had taken a collection, I would 27
\
418 H^OM.IA 'S FOKEION MISSIONARY SOCIKTV.
have' thrown in pocket-book and all, and so would the rest!'
" Like many another restriction, the no-collection clause was the best helpj^ Work up an audience to the hundred-dollars pitch *f enthusiasm, and then' it down by Retting the woWii to pledge a pitiful cents a week? Yes. The wndred dollars would the end of it ; but two cents a week from fifty wo twenty years, would make a thousand dollars, there woidd be many little odds and ends that manly ingenuity can devise. Besides, the world o work necesSury tf) keep the fifty women at it, was just what was needed to carry missions into the homes of the land, and make possible the missionary revival that followed. Car-loads of paper had to be written and printed; thousands of miles traveled by women who never before ventured unattended out of sight of their own chimney smoke ; secretaries had to spend days and weeks at their desks.
"All this has made the workers intelligent and .self- respecting. ' You call your paper the Heathen Woman's Frietid,' said an Ii>dtana preacher. 'You would better call it the Christian Wonian's P'riend. See what it is doing for the women in our Churches.'
" God be thanked for his blessing, that has been liko. .sunshine on the springing grain ! For his sake, and to, insure permanence in this arm of service, the verb 'to work' mu.st be conjugated con.stantly in all its plodding moods and tenses."
Just after Mrs. Parker returned to India it was laid .upon a quiet woman, Mrs. W. A. Ingham, of Cleveland, to inaugurate the work of the Society in Northern Ohio. The pastor of the First Methodist
\
r^'^
Remfniscbncss. ^9
Church, Cleveland, Ohio, Rev. Cyrus E. Feltou, Rave Sabbath evening, September 19, 1870, to the ladies to begin this great work, in presence of the Erie Confer- ence, then in session. The chapel was packed to its utmost — aisles, stairways, vestibule, and sidewalk — to witness and listen to the latest innovation ; that is, re- ligious women vjiddressing a public audience, such a thing having never been attempted in the Forest City. Twelve ladies occupied the platform — the wives of two bishops, of two laymen, and of eight pastors. Mrs. Moses Hill offered prayer; Mrs. T. S. Paddock read a mar\-elous Scripture les.son ; Mrs. Bishop Clark, of Cincinnati, and Mrs. W. A. Ingham, made flie ad- dresses, reading their own manuscript, the first .setting forth the need of such a Society, the latter giving the condition of the women of the Orient, Mrs. H. C. McCabe, of Delaware, O., iiaving inspired and pre- pared her, in a manner, to stand before a Conference and utter the truth that woman was asking all over the world for higher motives in life. A letter was read from Mrs. Bishop Kingsley. The la.st e.xerci.se was by Annie Howe Thomson, widow of our own * beloN'ed Bishop. Slight of figure, with sad, sweet voice, she came before the people with the delightful poem she had prepared for the occasion. No eyes were dry in that va.st audience : t»,
The Ma.stcr hath need of the rci^pers,
.\nil, iiiourner, he calleth to thee; Conic out of the valley of sorrow,
Look up to the hilltops and see Mow the fields of the h.irvest are whUening,
How golden am) full is the gram ; ' O, what are thy wants to the summons.
And what are thy griefs and thy poin .'
f
* .' ■■' ',%•' . -v;#iiiiM--
f.' 420 Woman's FosBiGN MissioNAKY Society.
Till' Master lutli need of the reapers,
And, idler, he calleth to thee ; Come out of the mansion of plensnre,
Krom the halls where the careless may lie. Soon the shadows of eve may be falling
With the mists, and the dew. and the rain; O, what are thy joys and thy follies
To the blight anil the waste of the grain .'
The Master hath need of the reapers, ; And, worker, he calleth to thee ;
O, what are the dreams of ambition
To the joys that hereafter shall be? There are tokens of storm that are coming,
.•\nd summer is fast on the wane; Then alas I for the hopes of the harvest! ' Then alas! for the beautiful grain!
The Master hath need of the reapers, t . And he calleth to you and to me ;
.') haste, while the winds of the morning .\re blowing s(t freshly and free; , ^ I,el the sot^d of the scythe arfil the sickle
Float along "'er hilltop and plain, And gather the sheaves in the garner; I'or golden and ripe is the grain.
\.
t.\
STATISTICAL.
.\
FOREIGN SUMMARY FOR 1894.
North IiiiUh Confcrfiu-e, , . . Northwest Iiiilin Coiifrrence, South IiKlta Conference, . . .
Bombay Conference,
Bengal- Burnmh
Malavsiu MisHion,
North China Mission
Central Cliina Mission, . . .
West China
l"o(K:how
Japan
Mexico
South America
Ilul^aria,
Italy
Korea
Totals,
4
S5
3!
6|
9! 4'
-I
7
Hj
7i
Whole niinilMfr of girln under iimtriK There are three Ilomen for hoinelei "
■iicwon
79 16
J7 16
7« 110
47
K i 9
'«5
16
'4 II
3 12 39
14 13 10
i,S 5
3.500 906 5<»> ,Soo
N4 160
646 I,oqi
648 ".095
7j8 .^88 9,195
679 111
80 35"
J5 182
>J5
9' 677 666 120
75 40
35
49 3.267
282
86 65
ahou linen In
t thirteen thoiiitand.
the Nnrth India Conference.
II 448
10172
I7,ioo.
5.371
21.520 3.952
9.277
'3 S7.220
A |
/{ |
, |
||||||||
'."''■ ~ ■' V ' |
^/i |
|||||||||
.. ♦ |
» |
< |
||||||||
DR 1894. |
1 |
|||||||||
If |
I |
1 i |
9 |
If |
3 |
SB P |
1 sr |
|||
!, |
! |
I |
lo |
|||||||
•1 |
||||||||||
,, |
67<> |
5 |
2S2 |
1 |
44 |
3 |
I7,I00' |
|||
121 |
1 |
3 |
5.37 > |
|||||||
2 |
H6 |
s |
||||||||
'«o |
2 |
65 |
I |
I |
§ |
|||||
35" |
||||||||||
J5 |
^ |
|||||||||
iSi |
3 |
53 |
3 |
31,520 |
i |
|||||
'35 |
3 |
3,953 |
||||||||
|
9 |
|||||||||
92 |
1 |
15 |
I |
3 |
9,377 |
^ io |
||||
II |
677 |
2 |
48 |
|||||||
3 |
666 |
1 |
\ |
|||||||
120 ... 75 - |
..'. |
25 |
1 |
|||||||
40 |
... |
|||||||||
35 |
|
|||||||||
49 |
3.»67 |
II |
.448 |
10 |
17a |
13 |
57.330 |
|||
1. ^ nf^rrnce. |
||||||||||
w*. |
iWiu Mill iMhclla Th 1II69 Minn Clara A. »wi
1S70 Mi«ii Hunnlr J. W
lS7llMI»»t.«rrl<- MiM iHyrMUs Jeuiilr .M I iHja .Ml»» l.ouUc K II
1871 .MlmiKHial'rtli ^ l87i'Mitis Nancy M<in
I ItlTilMila rtarnh F l.r l874|fMI«ii Aiinu Juli
l87«:tMI» I.iicille II
l«7<.;Mi»ii Mary I' I'm 1R7S Mi»i* Saliiia AU'c 1H7S Mt*i* KnKf"*« '"'i lS7N'Mi*M M. V. I.nyt, "l«7S'Mii*» llcnritlla I iHTQlt^'MiHH Annie H. isSo'Mi«« Florence H. IS>«> Mi»« l.uella KrII IKSt. Minn Maltic 11. H iHSi Misi Klien Wan llWi:Mi» Kllen I. Il<, iHHi MiHH Kmma 1.. h lliNi Miii> Harriet Kei iSSj|M1»« rlicclw KoM
i^WPrie
MISSICJNXRIES OF THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
India.
it«>9
MIMIONARIIta.
Mffis iMhella Thohurn.. il>elawarr, () !l.urknow .Cin'll i
CmiIIc, N V 'Dircllly 1 [
Khrlrl .. N Rnf....|lXKs. In<lr|>«iul<-iit work
Hinghamton. N \' lllarcllly i
; Mutlta....lf(. V iSi*!
Octty»l>iirK. I'n 'Mi>riiiluliail N. V >76,
MiM Clara A Hwalil. M. U.. Mia* Pannie J Hparkca..
l»l7l!MI»»C«rtlc MiMlllmi
iK7I'M1mm Jeiiiiir M Tin*»ley
1N7J MiHH I.nuUt? K. Hlucklnar....
i871|MI«iiKHmI«1Ii M I'lilti
l!l7l'Mliii Nancy Munrllr. M I).
iI^'mIm Sarnli 1' LrniinR
iH7°4|t*'MI>ii Anna Julia l.urr. M II
l»76tMliiii Lucille llCrrcn, Ml)..
I»7f.,
1K7S
lS7>i
1«7>>1 1H.S1 iSSj
iWil llWl 1IW|| itNl iWli!
Mi»» Mary V Carey
Mi»ii Saliiin Alcmta Kaaton
MiHH KiiKcnia (Vilifittli
MiM M. Iv Unvloli ■
Ml» llriirirlla H \Viml«lon. M. I)
t^'MlKH Annie H. nudiien
Miaa l-'lorc lice H. Nickeraon
Mi»« I.utlta Kelly
MinH Mattie H. Kpence
Mini Ellen Warner
Mini I'.llen I. Moy
Mii«it Kmma 1. Knowlea..
Mian Harriet Kerr
Miaa I'htcbc Kuwe
IniliiinapoTia..
W Springfield. I'«
l.iickuow 'N. W.
I.iukniiw. I
Mnidetat>afl . Topeka
Topel
Wimlaor. N Y .MiMaiiiiliail NY.
I'oiiglikeepaie, N. Y Mt>iu<iabail NY...
.|lh7h,
. lR7<i,
.■•''74,
Home (in lea^e
Mr« kev r J Hnck, Inilla
Mm Rev. J AV.WnnKli. India.
Cinchinflti . Syracnae... .
Ilarrilly
.'Miiradalmd .
. Cinli 1H74
'N. V !lK77
New Knglnnd jllarellly N. K..
Kiahkill.N Y Secnnderahad I'hila.
WashinKion, I>. C INaini Tal Cin li
New York ILucknow N Y„
Wilniingtun, llel Cnlcntla Hall
Vineentuwu, N. J 'Moradal>ad I'hila..
India / irllli.iragarh . . N Y ..
Clyde, o v. Lucknyw Cinti .
Baltlniure «/; Mnuidalui'l ..Ball ..
Kvanaville. Illd |AllnliaI>ad N W ..
Rerca, O Kangiwn 'Cin'li..
Lebanon, O Cowupore Cin'li..
Newark, N.J .Naini Tal In K
Ann Arbor Bareilly jrhila...
India iLuckuow |n W
. ■S77
IHHJ,
ji''79, 1W7,
il»7,
Keliml Died .Nov j, rw(7. (Vovernnieiit service, Mra.
Kev II MnnHtll, India. Kellred. .Vr» M h Hhephrrd. .Mrit. kev. *;. II. McGrew,
New York Mr» Cheney Hied Sept. id.
1N7'*, India Mr* kev. I'rankDavia. India.
Kclired
Hied April >J. India.
Relirctl. Deceased.
Died al aea January 31.
Recalled
Mrs I'erie, India.
Mrs. D. o. Fox, India.
Mra J c. I.awson, India.
1886, Died at home, December 11.
!
^1
M |
, • ■ ■ ■ 1 ■ MISSIONARY SOCIETY. |
|||||
M |
1 1 IMAlrill. |
■ ■HAIKI. |
||||
Cin'll |
||||||
1.. |
In. K»r... |
IW^, |
Illdrlxnilent work |
■-i.- |
||
1. |
In. V |
1«.)1, |
Home nil \rn4e |
i.'iit |
||
N. V |
iKTft, |
Mr« Kev r J lliick, liiilla. |
^ |
|||
N, W |
ll>7<>, |
Mm Rev. J AV.Waiiilli. India. |
;t- |
|||
a<l |
.;Top*k« .. IN. Y |
l«7l>, |
Rrllrid Tiled Nov •,, iKHj. |
i |
1 |
|
'NY ; |
■"74, |
(;<iveriiiitriit service Mr». K«v II MmiHell. India. |
^ |
|||
Cinll |
i»7<. |
Retired. Mr». Ms Shepherd. |
u. |
|||
N V |
l»77. |
Mm. Rev. (i 11. McOrew, New Vurk |
1 |
|||
N. K |
■S77. |
Mr» Cheney Died Sept. y), |
||||
r"rS, India |
||||||
Md |
I'hIU Clnti N V ,Ball |
iSto, |
Mr« Rev I'rank Davis. India. Retired. Died April li, India. Retired. Deecaaed. |
|||
Jl-llila |
I''7<>. |
|||||
h |
. N, V . C'lull Hull |
iS«7, |
Died at He» January 31. Heealled |
.., |
||
N W |
IHHV |
Mri I'erie. India. |
* |
|||
. CInll |
inn? |
Mrn. 1) 0. Vox, India. |
||||
CInll |
l»i, |
Mrn J c. Luwiioii. India. |
||||
. N.R . I'hIU |
iHSfi, |
Died at home, Deceml>er it. |
4* |
|||
. N.W |
04 |
|||||
■'■' |
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■ "••l Mix Miirigiitil I lltilrli'k
■ ■•"I Ml" Slltiih IK l.ilK'
■ ■^N Mi>» Maty Ktrd
I'>^^l•tMl•• llr.lir V Mannll
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!-"< MiK' Thrine J Kylf
i^'-s MU^Sitrnh l.iiurk
i'*"'^ .MU-t liiliH WirtniT
I'*'^t MiKf* Amiii I.HWMon
!«*• Mi»» liilin A Kull.t
!■«> Mi«« Kiilr M'Diiwill M II . . !*». t.Mi»«<lrirl Millt-t .. .
l"»7 tMi»« M«rv A MiiKlir'. ■ •^r .Mt»i. Miiiiii. h Al.riiiii.
i-vh: MiNM Anna riiilliiitnit'
It": Mii>H Sni)!]!™ Illaikmoir
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l^^H .Mli<» I htnulMTKrr M II
l«i*'Miii» H»lell« M I'llcK
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l>*v»1lMh McBumif
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lViMMi«» MnrTIm A slirlilun. M I>
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nf.<ik1vn N V .. MH|i1cliin. Mjiiii .
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l.iu'kiitiu-
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UFMAKIIN.
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.Il*ll. Mr» Mtv r.cii Willlanii (iHMi; Mr. F W I'lKitr. India.
|>W». Married India.
1>V, Hiiini* on h-Hvr. jllill, Hullilruii li-avc
]l"il4. Ilnnir nn Ii-avr. 'ft: Mil. Mllr«. KaiiauH. ilvi INI. lliMiu- on leave
' [India
!*«. Mr« H,v llr || Monnir iHMi. Mra Mrv W I| Sl.plun.
i [India
iw.l. Married, Inilia.
'•-ii Relired. '•^l. Hclired. l";", Mr- II 11 lin.l.erKer India
■I I
"^"1. Ketli.d Joined IliellaptitH
t*^iS. Married, Iowa.
IN^I. Home oil leave.
1H94. ^Married, India.
1H./1, Mrs «• I .Manaell. India.
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!»«., .Miirrir.l, liiilii.. jlV. M"iiif iiti ti-Hvr.
ISgl. Hutlitull ItftVf
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I
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IHW., Mm Mcv «• II Sl<|,luii.. I llmllH.
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Mri. XV r .MaiiiHrll, India.
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iMglMla* AnnaThntti ilt(P Mlu Kclwfra l>al 11190 Minn Fanillr I'rtI
lfl9|lMlaii I I«a Marl
iHgllMlttN Mary Hryati iM^liMliiH Mary Kcitii lfkjrMiH'4 C.iatf Slr|ib |li9jiMI>» KllraUth II li*^i:tMlii« Aiiiiac K* lISllMlaaCalllrrliic U iV'^ll** Ada J Laiit it4Qj;MUft I'rancra i.'ra |N9>fMliit) joat-'phinr s init Ml» (.hrlaliiir l.< lHt)j tMUi* Siitiaii liar iHViMlaa Kmina K I' ita^j Miaa liiarphinf II lagvMlaa Nrlllr llarr iftjl Mi>» Kate Mil'tr lavi MUa Kva M Huiil iSiii.MUa Anna Klii'li< IIIV4 .MIsa Lillian K V i>l«4 Miaa KlorrnicNl ilV4<MluChri»linrCl iHoilMlaa l.ily ■■ <'-i<'< iNt^'Miaa Anna lliilrli iNg^lMtaa Maiy !•: Uli lNu4iMUa Hnlh A. Col ihi>,s<Miaa Jriiiiie M. I lNit>:Mian Fiiinia HckI ihi^iMI-w CratT II I'll l8i>5lMUa llaiiilah IMi lH9^[Ml<ia I.anra s Wi :H4vMi» l.iizic V Til iHv! Miaa HI. rtnce Si .jrafyMiaa Kra M liar 'lOvjlMiaa Alir« A. Kvi
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1M9 Mlu
IIM> Mi»
iHgllMIx IkilMUa
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l*)i (Ml.i
|N«)J MIftI iKqj Mian
iHuj Mil* IK,, tMI>i iKvi MIm Ift^j MUn
ll<v\ .Ml» lSu4 MI«H IIIV4 Mi»i>
iIIm Mi»
lt4iM Mian iMmIMi»» IIIU4>Miilil iHu^ Mill lHu.s Mi 411 lfiV5 Mjwi
iKys .M(.» Jlt()S,Mi»« *lll9|llMlM
Ann* Thompaon Canlnn, 11 Hurott*
Krhwm |iAn*y (lrrrn«t>iirir. Inrt 'c'Mtciilta
FMltlitr I'rrklllt Illdlanolii In RttimiMiit
l,i>ul»ii llurlrt Phllaclrl^ini Malilrriihiiil
Mary lltyan M. II . |n||i|tn»l>iii||. N V lliiirllly
Mary Kriiiirdy Jlra^uiura. la Hi>tii)>ny
4;iacr Htrphrtia 'India Madrii«
HlUalirlh Hniir iRrllalre. u I.ucku'm
I Arinac Krrirr iHuhlianl. (^ HangiKMi
CHlhrrlnc WimmI {lluniUtuii, la rnwitpotr
A<1» j I.aiu'k jlndlanola. la . Cawnitorr
rrancm craiir iKTBliatoii III I'alt-iittn
Jiiat'Uhlnr Slalil illlaxolial la t'ultiltin
thrUtinr l.aw-fiii j(lri;rii Ulaiitl N V lloiiiha>
tHiiMnii llarrliiulitii jl^nrtland. Otr . slnga)-iiri-
Kniiiia K I'rrrU lAthcna.d 'HlnRa|Htir.
Jiiarphitii' Hi'litnKC' iBayCity. Mich HlnKaJHtrr.
Nrlllf iiarrU .. Iltrca, n. Caliiiiia
Kair \l<(,trgiir. M l> {Hail Aar, MIrh Hnrrlllv
KvH M Puitirr |l*orllntHl, ore stiiKalHtir
Anna Kli<-li«r tMuacatinr. la JahulpMr
Lillian K. Marka 'Han Franciactt . . Cawnptirt-..
Ftorcnrr Nii'hollit jUoaton J.urknnw
ChriniinriliHuHrnaen Rl*ooklyn. N V Rarrllly
I.ily II C.icrnr 'Orrcncaatlr. Ind Aliaarh
Anna llulchrr iRrooklyu, N. Y NatiiiTnl
Maiv K U^lMin India Hutlnoii
Knih A. CidlliH Alhiiin, la I.nikl
rHlM. Ml>. W. II Slrlihrna. Indt*.
I
rnnif M. Hart. M II iKanaaaCily, Kan
Hmnia HmlK'. M II ('.rtrnvlllr, I'a
(;fatT o CnrU New Yurk Cil>
Hannah llndlry Aliatralia
I.,nnu h Wriftht I»«'tr<>it. Mich .
l,i//icV Try<in llowii
II irncc HIcrltug !l<rd Winn, -Minn
Hva M llardlt. ..." Clucinnati Ilndla.
Alice A. Kvana 'luwa Ilndla.
HHttllly ,,, HariMla . Nnliil Tal Moradalmd..
Mullta
Cawn(H»rr..,. UtinilNiy
il-hlla
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N V
IK-M M t^)\. Mra- 1, A. Ciirr. India
Hall
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lin'll j
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MIlIM
N W lin'li N W C Riv Urn M I'a.lfic N hnH N V N W N V .
N W
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N, v.... .,N F.... .l)W, W ... .Ilica ..M .'Minn. iCInll .'lira M I
iS;i. Mrn CnHHland, Hwaiow. IV^■ Mrt K V HniiKga.Hliigaporr. iM>s. Mtinird, KNannton. III.
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intf^. Mri* Cnnitlnnil. Hwalitw. |
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fn^. Mr» K V NniiKK'* HinKaporr. |
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Miaa Maria lirowt |
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Miaa MaryiJ' I'ot |
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Miaa i*it-rtrni1r lit |
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Mlaa l.ixy ll.mii. Miaa l.nilntla Cm |
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Mlaa l.rlilia A Ca |
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Miaa l.runiira II" |
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tMlaa Julia A Hpi MiaaOara M in |
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lUraMlaa IXMa llowr rlMi^Miaa Annie II Sr |
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Miaa Nrllic M <'.r |
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Mlaa Kilna C. Tc |
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Miaa Klla I' Slim |
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Mlaa Malxl C lla |
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Mia* UnrylJ'I'iirlcr.. MUa <*rrtriiilr Mowv....
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Ml*' l.ilcy Moaii. M I) Mlaa l.titlixla I'lmiha. M II MlaaHliiniiriiry Traak. M 1). Miaa I.clllla Maaim. Ml) % . Mlaa 1.1 lilla A tainplx-ll Mia* l.rimnta lliwanl M II tMlaa Julia A S|wrr M II . MlaaOaraM CiiMhinini . . Mlaa Kair lliiahiirll, M II
MU* lltlla llowr
Mia* Ahnir II Srara Mlaa Kliialirllt VaU» Miaa KllaCllthrlal M l> » Miaa I'raiuiaj «h«lir Mlaa KitclU Akria M II Mra.l'haflullr M Jiwfll Mlaal'alhrrlnr Ciitry, M |l Miaa Mary C Hnliinaiiii
Miaa Carrlr I Jrwrll
• Mlaa I.Uiia M HIahrr tMlaaAlina ■■ C.luaa. M II
Miaa Nrllir H I'.rrrll
Mlaa I'.iliia I". Trny, M II . Miaa hlla C ShdW \li<« Mohrl C llartfort Mi-'H May H Carlton, \L
iHiik;
\li«» May K Ml.ajullii lloniifirld
Miaa l.illlan)' llnic
Mlaa KlU julinauil
..|Uavpll|inrt la . .
il.aiialnii. Mli'lt
Allilon Mii'li I'hllailclphla . Siiriiiu Crrrk. I'll
iniliola . Cambf iitffi . Mnaa . Ililuild Kliptda, Ml<ll
Mllluir lllil .I|'iahcr\i1lr. N II IKvnnatoii III ll.aiiaiiiii Mltli
llucvrua. 11
Mui'iir
.Uiafiinaln
Wiaiiitialn
Hath Mr
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Ktlaa liKl
AIM<Mi Mi>'h
.jllarmar.tl
il.iinilon. ()
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. {Hoatoll, Maaa
iMoorr • Hill. II"!
T|>„vrr N II
Browiiavillr, N* Y . .iTtiiitirltun. W. Va , . W. Nrwbiiry, Maaa .. .rPllllaatlphia
!■ <> Aiiiiiiiiaa liaAvcH KaMARKa-
'I'laKliiiw Mall iHv., liirti il4-tiili<-r ;4, Trriiton
KixKh.iw |N W Tranalrrrril fnini I'lirrnl lloaril
1 I In i^;i reaiaiiril alti i fi yriira.
•I'rkiliK 'N V. |l^7^. Mra i; k lnvla. I liliia
il'rkiiia :il« M . iiWi, Mri I II llainrwt'll. ihina
Kill kTanK N W i
ihin klanii N W I
I'rklnii I'hIlH it'H Mra A HIrlllniatrr rrliiril.
Ii««li„w N V liN*, Alarriril lliliia
Kill klaiill I'in'li ia;(, Mra In ijiiinr, l'liicn||<>
I' kili|( In K ia7S, niril Mn> i",lhlii«
Tirnlaln |N »• '!■*( Mra KinK 111 inn
|MHH-I)(iw iN W '1^14. Mra A CiilAll, lloalon.
rfktliH A IN h: ivaj. Iliimr iin travr
Kill kiailll N W iwi Krtirril
Kill kiaiiH I'ltilii l^^i. Krtirril
I'rkinn iCIll II iiiart Ulnl Hrr i, Clrvrlaliil lloa
l-ckini| . IN K. laii, Krllrr.1
Kill klani jWaalrrn 'laxj liir.l Apiil i| I'nlnrailu IChuniiklnr N W |Mr» Ktv A Vrriiy ( liina
TIriilaIn N C ;iWs Miirrliil I liitiii
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I'lKHhow In V 'iKWi, Krllrt'il Mra Ilr I'uril, Inil
I'hin klnnic N W 1
K"MK-liow I'lirtI . ..ii%^ tlonir on Iravr
I'lHxhiiw llall iiv, Mra W N llrrwatcr. China
Tlriitain IN w I . I'rking.,,. N, K
laini iiiia In K
Nankin jN. W
1'iio.lKiw \s- K
. I KiKH-hiiw |n. V .
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ITaun Una iN K liaii^. Mra Ilr Hcnlt
.ll'ijiH-hdw Irltlla iTraiiird nnrat, iHi>j, married.
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ATLA CATALOGING RECORD July 7, 1987
AUTHOR/ [UNIFORM TITLE] ;
TITLE:
EDITION: IMPRINT:
DESCRIPTION/ COLLATION:
SERIES: NOTES:
STANDARD NUMBER: '
L1ANGUAGE:
GEOGRAPHY:
TRACINGS:
CLASS NUMBER:
DONOR:
^aker, Finances J.
The story of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist tpiscopftl Church, 1869-1895 [micro- form] / by Frances J. Baker.
Cincinnati' : Cranston and Curts ; New York : Hunt and Eaton, 1896, cl895.
.436 p., [2] leaves of plates (1 folded) : ill?, map ; 20 cm. «
Microfiche. Chicago : American Theological Library Association, 1986. 1 microfiche ; 11 x 15 cm. High reduction. Silver based film. (ATLA monograph preser- vation program ; ATLA fiche 1986-0004).
ISBN 0-8370-6004-4 (microfiche)
"Engl ish n/a * '' '
1. Wethodist Episcopal Church. Woman's Foreign* Misst^onary Society- -History.
2. Missions- -History- - 19th century.
3. Women missiona'ries- -Uni ted States- -History- - 19th century.
4. Methodist Episcopal ChiA-ch- -Missions. ' 'l.,, Title.
II., Series: ATLA monograph preservation program ; ATLA fiche 1986-0004.
B^2550.A^5B3^1896 * ^
aesuit-Krauss-HcCormick Library
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jSSi Miss Martoii IIiiK(>l>oom....
IwS 1 ^'''** **■ ^-^ Huray
lSh4 TMiss Marv 1) I.ov<l
iK\( Miss I.. M. I.attuicr
iStt> I ^^'*'* I->«*'e Hcn-rtt
iKv> Mint HHttit I, Ayrcs
iv«. Miss Nflli*; Hicl«l a
iKs«> MitiH Auufi M. Koclcer'
iK'iv Mt»s riictla A. I'arker
iSgif Mi'.s ^nna K IJnibergt-r .. i*(«v) Mms Amelia Van Dormtn..
iv/. Miss M.i 11 Wallon
iSj Miss l.illiiin Nciger
rv.)2 Miss Kflfir l>iittniore
iK99'Mi»« Mary Sharp
issujMiiiH^Kniina Michrner.
Mbxico.
A^tr
MIHAIONAKIBV
IIOMB REaiDENCB. P, O. AbnRRSH BRANCH.
RBMAHKM.
I "74 1H7-I
>N77;
iHSy
iHnV
JS71 iV* lKM.t'
|SHh'
isn4
iSgr) lNs6
!></. |S9i
tMi?<»t Mary HttfttiiiKs CJifUcn, Marnt .
Miss Susan M. Warner ^
.iPachiica . I I'uebia ....
.iN. Y... . Cinti
fMiKs Mary F. Swaney. , New BriKtitun, I'n .. i
'Miss N. C. (>Ktlen SprinKficld. <>
Miss Clnra MnUiner 'Ciinuleti. N J
Miss M.trparei Klliotl , IMiiliuU-Iphia. I'a
Miss Msirion HnK'>t>()<>i" liratllonl. I»h
MinH K I,c liuray Siunniit. N J
liillshoio, O .*
. ChicitKo, 111
Miss Lizzie Hcwctl
TMiss Mary 1) l.oyd Miss I,. M. I.Hliuicr.
MiHs Hattic I-- Ayrcs
Miss Ntllie FicM a
Miss Anna M. Rodcer'
Mi.s.-( riieda A I'arker
Miss \iina k. Linibcrgt-r .. Mtss Amelia Van I)or»tcn..
Miss hi.i It. Walton
Miss Lillian NeiKt-r..
C.ikad. Mich
IlilUbnrrt. O
. Huston, Mass
Mt rUasant. I'a
, Maiilln, N, Y ,
PitiivilK-, I'a
\V.-.unsin
I'l> nmuih. Pa
. Danville, hn)..
tK42 Miss Kffif iMinniore ■ Aiiliurn C->riifr« pa
.Mexico.., Kosarin. , Mexico- Sail tiribo. S^A, Mfxic" , .Mfxic*
Mexico
.Mexico ^,
jMcxico 1
Unenosi A.,S.A,
Mexico
I'ac-hnca
IMiehla
M'levideo.S.A,
Vexico
Tachnca
Cnanajiiato
t'lirbia
IMiebIa
(jiianajiiato
(■iiaualiialo
■ ■uanajuato
I'nehla
Mi'<9'.
Mrs. Deiismore, Ked WHng. Minn
Top-k"! I '■^^^' Transferrtfl.
ijiiSHo, Connectcsl with Tayl(»r> Mlnn^ work Ketired Ifom Mex- J ico isSn NY Si W^K-Sv Ketired
I'liila iHS^. Mrs. K Wilhon, Mexico.
IMiila 1HK4, Mariied
I N. V I18HH. Transferred.
Phila I
\. K iS-ss, Retired.
N, W '!»*»;<'. Transfet red
J
..'i\^ Ketirotl . iM)f>, Miirrted
1
I" Linli..
N K
IMula .
n/y
Pliila
N. w !
rhilfl 1S.M, Mnrriiil.
\. W j««;i,. Marricii,
IMiila
-•^C^
Afkica.
!S9^ Miss Mary Sharp j |-;iniiia, N, Y Monrovia ... 'Western.: issi, Recalled.
ii-jK>|MisH*HmrnaMichcner.. I'hil.uU-iphia. Fa Basso Fhila |iK.si. Died December 11. S. Afrijj
--k.
1 |
( |
1 |
|
% |
V |
||
< |
4* |
.,^ - |
|
RBMAHKH |
1 |
||
■i9i, MrH. DeiiKinore, Ked \VHng. Minn |
1 |
||
■■.. TrnnRferrtfl. |
|||
>. Conliectcil wi vnik Kelirt-tl |
III Tiiylor'n *ini Mcx- |
||
\. krtirfd I, Mrs. K WilMHi, 1, Mariiftl H, rransft-rrt-ci |
Mexico. |
-l; |
|
), TraiiMlcuetl , Hetire.l >. Miirrieil |
- |
1 1 |
■ |
1 MnrriiMl V Mnrrit-tt |
■ % |
||
\.. Rccalleil. 1. bifJ Ilecember |
U.S. Africfl. |
||
■■ ■ '■>■■■■ |
M
UlSaiONAftlKS.
iSS^iMfds I.iuiia A. Schtiick .. lHN7,Mihs KllH K riiirham . iH>>i;Mi)4H Kattr It. niackbiini .
i^V.* tM'*** I.j*J*« Ditrtn....'
iNiMTMi<>(t Amelia Oieni
iSSs'tMrt* M }' Straiiloii
iSs; Mic» Menu Ht.wiini. M I>
i-vs; tMi^»* Uuiiisii C Knthw^^kT ...
(■^jr. Mi^.s Kosttta Sher\vood, M- IJ.
1(1 ^!i^»- Ula A. Lewis
I*' Mi^- MiirKilirt HtMiKfl
i^'Mi''!* |'>M'i»liii!r <). I'iivnc ... ».• Mi^H Mmv !■■ Culler, M I) .
■■n MIS'. M.ir'y A Hnrris
1^,1 Miss l.itlii V: l-'ifV
i'<HS t^t'*^« I'linmn M lliill.. isgt Miss M. H. ViikM> .
,]MiHh JohephiiK; M. Cnpp. M. !>.,
iMiAs Alice Jackson . Mihs Aiiiui JnhtiMili • Deccrtsed t I'reiiclu r>' «l |
iniKht |
|
f^ |
« |
' |
' 1 |
.-M |
. Ivw f.;
»»i
U18HIONARIFH.
1 iULOARlA.
IIOMK KBHIIlRNCB. , l> i>. AMiHKKS '■ HKANCII
iSS4 MtH« l.itiiia A Schciifk Ti-'eiiton. Mith
l>y^7 MUs KIlH K l-iiiclioin ('etonkry. MUli
iH^j.Mttfi Kate H. Hlarkhiirii .^ . . Jm-ksnuvillr, III
iSy,( tMiKt I.ydta Diem..." .''. Hcriir. ^♦^vitJ:^.•| liiml
i*M tMi-*** .Anielin I>ifin HtrriU'.jSwitZfiiniid
.,l.ollcli« |
N W |
!]N.«,. II |
illK' Oil leave |
. 'l.c.flch.i |
. N XV. |
. IVI. K. |
t i 1 t-il |
. I...ll.hii |
\ \V |
,1 |
|
. I.,ilulin |
. \ w . . |
•■' |
|
, l.,.fuhii |
N W |
; L |
|
BA. |
' |
||
iHSs'tMrs M P Scrnntoii
l^^: Mih, Mctlii Mnwiinl. M I>
1'-'^: tMi-it* Louisa C Kolhw^k-r. ...
i>>M'iMisH Ko^fttu Slier\vood, M 1».
isyiMU- KIta A. Lewis
iS^i* Mi^•. MitrKMifl HeiiK'"!
i^j Mts^ Itisepliinr o. rayiio
isi.' MiHH Miirv »■'. Cutler. M Ii .
i^'iOIi!**' M.irv A llarrif*
IV* Mi-- l.ulii }■: 1-Hy
(■^■^s tMiHH I'Miiiia M. Hall.. ivii Mi^^ M F. Vii'kefv ...
.A'levelanii. <> Smnl
Alhic.ii, Miih |
Seoul |
(.'inciiiiinti. O si-oiil |
|
I.ihertv, N Y |
Sei'iil |
New V(irk City |
Seoul |
ruiufvov. t> |
<4roul. |
Iio.ston. MiiKK |
•ii-oiil. |
i'omeroy. O |
Seoul |
DelntVHTe. (> |
SfOUl. |
HelU-T'inliiinc. O . . |
st^)ul |
ITAUV. |
|
Cnzenovin. N. Y Rntm- |
|
Kvaimvillc. Ind |
KnTur |
;n I-: ,N V
N W .
Cm (i ..
iV', silk Melirt'l. V
I is,i. Mis Krv \V J Hall. MI).
i [ (' KiMea , i"«"is relired.
, \ V iTraiiietl iiuisr
Ciiili . . !W»i. Mr?* Kev.C. M Joiic^ Korea. In HiiK
Cin . NY
Cin'ti
Cin.Uf ..
N. W N \J
ii'<»s lloiur oil leave.
In Pkeparation.
■^
^
§
.jMisR JoNejiliiue M C'opp. M I'
Misst Corliam
.,Mi!4H AliiT Jiick.-nii. Mit*-* Aiiua Jtthn>.oii
I'laiuville. Midi... Ne» Vnrk
* Dei'eaheO t l'renclier<i' dauKlitei n. UaiightcrHof inlsHioitTieH.
N.W . .. 'i'>:4. Died h>h ^. lieforc appoilt. . N. Y . ;''7:. Died alter n(>|Hiintttient
Cinli Ii'i74. Died l>efore apiM>iuuneiit,
■N W I'Vi. I>ied before aj>iK)i)itnient.
4*-
lome on lenve tiit-il 4-
itk Ketirt"!, V S
MI^ Kiv |
W J llnll. M I> . |
^ |
Knifit , |
i'^jS, riMirfil, |
^ |
il iiui».- |
||
lr» Kiv.( |
11 Joiif^ Korea. |
loiiii- 1)11 leave.
>ied I'eti ?*, Iteforr appoil't. litrd after apiiiiinlliKiit )ie<l liefore np|>()iiitlllr!lt >ied before ni))iottltnieiit.
t'iii"
43 2 ff ( WA I A '5 /■( >f!E/(,N JA
Iff "
^ SI MM A
MissioiiHrics. .
Mulical
Dertasiil. . Marrifil, ...
Rctirt-.l .
Recalle.l
I>aii)ihU'rs of Prt-iU'IUTs, . . . Dau^htfrs of Missimiaririi. .
SHSSIONS/OF THE GH COMMIT
TiiK ("iL-iuTiil I\\tH-iitivv Ci'iu ii>;n Missiini.iry Soou'ty li.is h folli.ws :
I'lfs
1-1-7' nn*t'<ti Mass Ml- l>i I'ii
i-i":i, ChiCiiyo. Ill Hi-ilM'i
V'W-'. NewVnrk City Hi-hoii
1 - i'^-*. CiiK'iiiumi, It I. 1)
N |^7l I'lnla-U'lphin P;i I" C,
'■ i'^>. H.tlliniuri: M'l I- A L
i"^;*', w.i>hinK (HI It (.■ !■" »; I
>* n". Miiit!cnpuli> Minn I>r <»<
u i\.^ n.iston M.is^ , , \V H
if -!'■-... Cliic.TKo 111 . r, M
11- l'^^'^ (.•nhimhiiK. (>. . ,.,,. W 1-
1.' I'-i. lluffalo, N Y 1- C.
n- l^V i'l)jia<lel|>)ita, I'n \l' 1-
n - 1'^''; I)ts -Moiuos 111. ' I. (V
lv-l^H4. naUiiiuiif M»l W 1-
1- i^^*,, i'AiiiiHion, ni I K 1
i;- isvi provi.Uncr R I . \V I"
i> -i"*^;. Liiicnlii. Nd> Mi>n r I,
iq -i^iHh. Ciiu-iiinati," Mi^ W I'.
^i.-i^V|, lutroit, Ml".!! [ N I
21- i.v><, Wilkcsharti- I'a W I"
2.--isyi, Kaii>^as ci/yMo. . * J j U
j.i— i;yi.». Spi inKtitll M.is>* W
j.l— iNl. St. I'aiil fliiiii . . \VarH\
.'S— iVf. Wa^liiiigttiM. h C . A I
■/:^i^?^'.^;:^v:p-v ^...
432 IVOM.IX'S Fi>K/-:i(.N MlSSIOSAK'Y SoCIKI) .
SrM,MAR\-
Missionarii-s, .
Mfilicil
I)cfoaSf'i. ...
Marricil,.
Ritiriil
Kc.iillecl
Daiinlitirs iif rrculirrs.
ifvS l.S
4
DaiighttTs iif MJHsiuiiarii's 7
SKSSIONSyOF THB GHNEF^AL EXECUTIVE CO.WMITTLh.
Till-: (".riuial lAi-ciitivi- (.'cpininiltK- of tlic Woman's I'or- i-i^n Mis>ii»nar\ ScH-u-t\' li.is lii-lil its annual si-ssioiis as foll.)vs :
1-1^7. Ito^tun Mrts-
V -1-71, ChicaKii, III
\--\^!. NewVutk City
t - 1"'"*. Ciiiciiiniiti, 0
s ,S7i Pllil.lililplli.T IM
■ IS7,. lUllolloli- M.l 1-71. Wa-lHin; CM 11 I
■^ i>77, Miiiljeiipiili*. Mjiiii. J l^7> Hostini \I:is> iT - i-^-x. Chicago 111
1 1- iSNi. Col II 111 bus. o
\! K^i. liiifTnlii. N V , .. , 1',-iss.? I'hilndi-lpliiii. I';i 1 1 ^ i^*';. I>t'S MiiiiH". la , ii~iM*4, nalliiiiiti.v Mil
!• i^s^. I-Aiiiistoii IH
17. isS(, rrtiviiU-iUf K I 1^ - |KS7, Linrolii. Nt-h . ,
ig -.s-ss. Cincinnati. 1 '
.'i.-iss.,, Ilflroit. .\IkIi
31 \^f' \ViIkfsl>ar»c I'a j.'-ivj[. Kansas City, Mn j( — |.<ij,'. Sjii iiiKlU'lll. Mass i.l— iVl. ^t. I'alil "lliiiil j'i— IS.J.1. Wasliiiifiton. 11 c .
Ml
]'iisi.l,.in
« III ratlin
ilistiop KiiiKsky
Ilisliop Clark
I, 1) McCiil,,-, . l- r.. Ilil.liaiil l- A Cr-oL I' r, Ililil.Rnl 1 Ir liiHHlriili W |- Wan til ('. M Sti-il,- .. , W 1 Warrrll I- C, llilil.'ar.l \V 1- Warn II I. (. Mmpliy VV K, Waii.n 1 K llitt \V I- AVa11.11 .» I' I, Klli.il , . • \V I' Waritn I N. Danrorlli . . \J' l- Wairtil
J J Inili.in
« 1' Wirnii- W'archvi-U Cinlfli , A II 1-faloii
Ml
>M-fu-tnry ~ W !■• Wainii «• !■■ \Va;^n;ii \t I VVairiii. R K Mncdilli J II K|lo»lf» K K Ilattt't- W 1 Warren I. II Williams J T C.rnccy. I. II IIUKKcIt J r i-.rai.y A l.uwrty ' .1 r (Irni-ey I T. C.rHicy. J T I'.iaiiy f I* CtalMlun J II KiiMwlis J f l.iatiy J T C.rai-iy J r 'C.ra^y J I'l era
List of Rkal Estate.
BI-;i.()Nr.INC. Ti) WOMAN'S I-ORUIC.N MISSIONARY Socil/rv, M. K. CHIRCII.
India.
Ajiiierc, School-liuililinK,
AliKiirli, Sihocil-liiiildiiiK,
Alinorali. Saiiilariiini
liiiilaiiii. Siliool tniililiiij;..
Baicillv. lloiiir m acres)
■ ■ Ilosiiilal',
()ri>liana>;c
Bijudur. Scln>»»l
Bdinliav, Iloiiif anrl Scliuul
'Cawiiport'. Scli(>iiM)uil»iinj4.
Hour-
(ioiida. SolnK»l-l>uililinj;, ...
Liu'kiuiw, Scln><)l-Iiuil(!ni>i
Ilollll- .
Boanlllljjlialls
Honif tor l-riemiless, Woinaii's CoUcjjc. . , . .
Moradaliail, S»'lii)ol-t>ialilin>;. . . ■
IltJUU* * .
Meernt. Sili'Mil-lmililiiii.;.
Mutlra. DiMtMHU's.s Ilonu-
Naini Tai, lt(>arilinj.;-scIu)ol.
r.iuri. < )rphaiia).;c.
rilh(>rai.;arh.- U'lnie for I*'ri(.'ii<ilcss Wotnon, . .
Sil.i]>on-. Iloariiiii;;-;-cli(K)I ....
Shahjcliaiiporf. Itoavlin^-school
llaiikraljail Hoiiic anil School
f.S.'... |
1X1 |
(>.<•>> |
f*y |
"4.i««' |
tX) |
.Vi««i |
(K> |
I2,.V» |
00 |
q,i«Ki |
IX> |
.^.ooo |
(X> CX> |
2.i.'«» |
(Ml |
S.5U, |
(K) |
.1..SOO |
fX) (X> |
4,ot)o |
00 |
7,.^6<i |
(X) |
4.(X)0 |
00 |
4.51x1 |
(X> |
10.000 |
(XI |
2,1 «X) |
1X> |
.V.Vxi |
(X> |
4,5c«j lo.5tx> |
(XJ <X) |
I3,i»xi |
00 |
_VO(«) |
(X) |
4,fxx-) |
(X> |
4,rx» |
00 |
4.CXXI |
00 |
lo.ixx) |
(XT |
Totiri . . '-• . . f i75.3'>'» Lo
China.
Chin-kiaiij;, Honu- hiiiI Hospital, - . ' "I.S.o*^ 00
* Kooiliuu, ( )rphaii.ii;t', 4,(>w of)
'■ fVirls' l^tar'lin^•-^choo] ijl.5<x> 00
Two ni>s]m.(ls 7.(,)UO 00
Kiu-ki.ni, • , 7.000 00
Xaiikiiii;, School 4,000 00
43.>
.-^.*o^
\
434 H^fl.VAJv's FoKEiay Missionary Society.
I'l-kiiiK, Nome and School. . f I4.3<»> <x)
Tiiiitsiii, Hospital, IJ,(««) oo
Home M. ,S.i««> oo
Tbhii Hiia*'! Ionic Hnir«>clin<il .^ 4,1100 00
Hosi)ilal * J.iioo 00
Total i^l.'^^o 00
Japan.
.\ovania, School Tokyo, JiJ.oooiio
Tsiikiji. " '■ jo,ooo 00 .
Hakoilati, Home ami School 11,000 i»
i'ukuoka W«> 00
Na){a*aki U.ino i«i
Viikohama 4 ■ ^.^*i 00
Nagova V'»» o"
Total |67,'"i" 00
■ KlIKUA.
lIiiUH- aflto|i-lio<il f.S.<»»> 00
Cli^iinl. ' , 5IK1 or)
Total f7..V» 00
Muxic-o, •
Mexico Citv, Oriiliaiia.KC, $32,00000
ra);liiiia. Home Scluxil ,■ ■ ii,f»JiJ0O
I'luKlii, " ■' j6,t«x) no
Total * . . . fh<j,<x)o 00
Sill TH .\MK(iIlA.
Monteviilio, Hoiuc anil Scliool . fji,(XK) 00
Ro>ario, " lo.oijo 00
Total fjl.KK) 00^
Ht i.r.vKiA.
I.oftcha, Home and Scjiool $6,500 00
lT\1^.
Rome. School- Propert\ V ■ fi.'>.'*» "o
Zenana Taper I'nnd, invested in this Country . . . fJS.oookOp^
List of Kbai. Estatb. 435
Sl'M.MAKV.
India, "^ . . $1-S,.^«>n <«
China 77.'*i»' <»
Japan ...... 67,<X)o oo
Kort-a 7.5<»> «)
Mi-xiro 69,000 00
Soulli AniiTicn. ^i.iiori oo
Bulv'iiria ": . . . 6..sc«) ix)
Itiih- • 15"'"' <>"
^rotal : f4.|9.i'»> <o
A'lilinjfZtnana Paper Funil 35,i>cio fio
C.ranil Total J474.''^> '»
.Mi:Mi!i:Rsini's anu schoi.aksiiii's in tiii-: w i- m s.
Tin- iiayitu'iit I'f OIK' iliillar a year or tnci it nrt a witk I'onsli-
tiiu-> nic-iiil>i'rshi])._ Tin- pavniinl of twciiiy ilollars i on-titults a ihtmim a lift-
!nt.-inltt*r. Tlic paynitnt of ont- luimlrcil ilollars i-on~UtiiHs an iKJiiorary
life nianafur Tin- payilieut of ttirtc Imnilrrd ilollars constitiitfs an Imnor-
AW lift* patron. Twtiityllve dollars siipports an orphan in Irnlia. I'orty ilollars supports an orphan in Jajian, Sevfnti ilollars supports an orphan in Mexit-o. Sixt\ ilollars supjiorts a Kihle rt-aiU-r in India. •
4
^i^ '■-
APPbNDIX.
»
Mks. KMM/rSlODKK SciiTT has reii(lcrL<l incalciiatile si-rv- ice in tlie prepariitioii of a Iliniliistaiuc Tuiie-book, har- iii(>iii«:jiig till' principal native airs siinj; inutile missions of North India. It was a heroiilfaii task, involving sonu* three years of time and no inconsiileralile expense. The nmsioian will find much of interest in examining these (juaint Oriental airs, even tfioiixh he may regard them as nierij curiosities in music.
«
Mks. K. T. CiiWK.N, in 1S9S, prepared a History of the Cin- cinnati Ilranch. Wihic^i was pnldished by the Uranch.
Thk Ui:.si.i;van Homk at Newton, Mass., for missionaries' children, niaile possilile through the generosity of lions. Jacoh SWeper and .\lden Si)eare. was placed under the man- agenieul of the Society in i8y.|; and the following yi»pr Miss Emma I.. Harvey, whose health ilid not^iermit h'-r return to India, hecanie superintendent of the Home, with a family of from six to fourteen persons. 4.56
$"■
1on 2
IN)
U
(11
0>
yr
t
10
0)
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1.0
I.I
1.25
01
0»
OD
(0
36
1.0
i.l
Li til 125
1^ u
111
tu
1.25
1.4
22
2.0
1.8
1.6
36X
? Ii£ 12.0
1.4