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ES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION | NOILNLILSNI SIDR ae y, a a + Be = x oc = Oc = cy a “ fe) = g ied Zz =! Wer NVINOSHLINS S3SIY¥VYUdEIT LIBRARIES Bi : AR SS SI ™ Tuy prcly ne = E = eo ts i ‘she ae < B ARIES NVINOSHLIWS N LILSNI ILNLILSNI SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS 3RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Sa1uvuagiy NVINOSHLIWS NOILNLILSNI LIBRARIES LNLILSNI SMITHSONIAN SMITHSONIAN INSTITUT: Wi IN NS OILNLILSNI N NVINOSHLINS Sa31uYvuUs INSTITUTION SMITHSONIAN INSTITUT NVINOSHLINS SA3luYVvVuadiT LIBRARIES MITHSONIAN S NVINOSHLINS S31uVvuUs PNS SMITHSONIAN” INSTITUTI 4 \ Vig fe [1 LIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI sagluvug NVINOSHILINS Sa [YVUYE 2 = Be (ep) O = a PL INSTITUT Yv) —— a a loa ie, = < : | oa & ay it He hi limes eas PROCEEDINGS Division a Ot Moe: OF THE F Moston Society of Flatural Pistory. VOIX VT. is74-1875. BOSTON: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY. 1875. PUBLISHING COMMITTEE. T. T. Bouve. ; Tuomas M. BREWER. SAMUEL L. ABBOT. A. S. PACKARD, JR. Epw. BuRGEss. PRESS OF A. A. KINGMAN. MUSEUM OF BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY, BERKELEY STREET. CON TEN TSine” Peowen.) Livan > Custodian’s) Report:.: . 6c. 6 8 ee ws 1 PeeLIoCwmPRING. | Treasurer's Report... . . . «e828 if ec ee. 12 OFFICERS OF THE SocieTyY, Listof. . .. . ey ert LO JEFFRIES WYMAN, M.D. Cannibalism of the Florida Tad oWGResieets sigh 1h A. Hyatt. Genetic Relations of the Angulatide . .. . 15 J. A. ALLEN. Nofes on the Natural History of portions of Dakots ana Montana. . . seer oe Be S. H. ScuppER. Report on Butterflies ani Taare anid Montana Seite rt 286 J. G. Hunt, M.D. Contents of Mastodon’s Stomach . Sa eee CE ah ONL S. W. Garman. New Species of North American Serpent . . .. . 92 Prof. A. Hyatt. Note on Aptenodytes patagonica Forst.. . . . 94 T. T. Bouvé. Remarks in relation to the death of the late President of the Society, Prof. Jeffries Wyman... we oer, OD AsA GRAY, M.D. Memorial of the late Prof. Jeffries Wyskan Babette is 596 F. W. Putnam. Resolutions respecting the death of Prof. Wyman. . . 125 Prof. W. B. Rocrrs. Letter relating to the late Prof. Wyman . . . . 125 C. StoppER. Note on the Locality of Bermuda Tripoli. . . . . . . 126 C. Jonnston, M.D. On the Locality of the Bermuda Tripoli . . . . 127 H. K. Morrison. New Noctuide . .. . BOO Lou ee mleHl Dr. J. D. DANA. Metamorphism and Besadehorshie Bab Sree) ce boy Myo LOM: S. W. GARMAN. Skates of the Eastern Coast of United States . . . . 170 S. L. BurBANK. Minerals from Athol, Mass. . . . . £81 C. StoppER. Examination of Mud from Oyster Beds, @harlestory S. C.. 182 C. WHITTLESEY. Coal Seam No. 6, Ohio Geology . . 183 Prof. R. H. RicHarps. Newly discovered Lead Vein, Newburyport Mase. 200 Prof. A. Hyatt. Hollow-fibred Horny Sponges . . sat deentaas 204 T. M. Brewer, M.D. Relations of Ardea rufa and A. Peaks Bg ig fa 740 S. H. ScuppER. Remarks on the Old Genus Callidryas . ... . . 206 ie ke MORRISON. ‘Texan Noctuide 6 2 06°20 e0. cee ee ewe «6209 Baw. Purnam. Mammoth Cave Fishes . 0: 20. se et ww ww we BET Prof. A. Hyatt. Two New Genera of Ammonites ... ee ue om -VAa) Prof. A. Hyatt. Biological Relations of Jurassic iA maniohiteew yaaa Lena: RICHARD RATHBUN. Cretaceous Lamellibranchs from near Pernambuco, ESTP Al a een oh ea eri eee on ene, lel at eaered Glee Ween Ss Sat 1V S. H. Scupprr. Orthoptera from Northern Peru . P. R. Unuer. List of Hemiptera and ite aailectod by Prof. Or ton in Northern Peru . : 5) cane ae - Cuas. V. Ritey. Description of a new Apestis Prof. N. S. SHALER. Notes on some of the Phenomena of ‘Wleyanion aul Subsidence of the Continents . J.A. ALLEN. Remarks on the Sharp-tailed Finch (Anuanattronan ctbdersttnte S. H. ScuppER. Description of some Labradorian Butterflies F. W. Putnam. Archeological researches in Kentucky : Prof. N. S. SHALER. Considerations of the possibilities of a Warm Clim- ate within the Arctic Circle E. W. NEtson. Notes on the Ornithology of Utah ‘Nevada aad California. Prof. A. Hyatt. Jurassic and Cretaceous Ammonites from South America P. S. SPRAGUE and E. P. Austin. The Species of Coleoptera described ys Lie Whe Beene sou serie ie ah He Be R. Buiss, Jk. Remarks on the Fin-spines « “of the Silur ide anid Dorsdatils H. A. HaGen, M. D. | History of the Development of Museums of Natural History os 0S ASAD | uh hn eee ee a ‘W. W. Dope. Notes on the Geology of Eastern Massachusetts CoMMITTEE. Memorial to the oe arene to the proposed Resur- vey of the State . . J. SULLIVANT. Letter concerning the discovery of Berman Tripoli : Miss ELLEN H. SwWALLow. Analysis of Samarskite . Miss Etuen H. Swatiow. Occurrence of Boracic Acid in Mine Water J. A. ALLEN. Synopsis of American Leporidze T. M. Brewer, M.D. List of the Birds of New ngtnatehed S. H. ScuppER. A Century of Orthoptera. Decade II. SANs Uae eh Decade III. Decade IV. : Miss Etten H. SWALLOW. Ghinaidal Composition of some eo ‘i eae cies accompanying the Lead Ore of Newburyport . Prof. N. S. SHALER. Notes on some points connected with Tidal Bioston S. H. ScuppER. On Spharagemon, a Genus of (Edipodidee S. H. ScuppEerR. Revision of two American Genera of (dipodidz Dr. T. Strerry Hunt. On the Boston Artesian Well and its Waters . Prof. N. S. SHALER. Geological Relations of Boston and Narragansett Bays . : T. THORELL. Spiders! foo Eaten : : J. H. EMERTON. Structure of the Palpus of ails Sniders, Prof. W. H. Nites. Physical Features of Massachusetts . Dr. T. StERRyY Hunt. Remarks on Prof. Niles’ Communication 257 282 286 288 292 294 314 332 338 365 373 386 387 388 419 422 424 428 430 436 454 472 510 462 465 467 478 486 488 490 505 507 508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. TAKEN FROM THE SOCIETY’S RECORDS. - Annual Meeting, May 6, 1874. Vice-President R. C. Greenleaf, Esq., in the chair. Forty- nine persons present. Prof. Hyatt, Custodian, presented the following Report on the condition and operations of the Society for the year. The most important, as well as the saddest event of the past year, was the decease of Prof. Agassiz. The great influence which he had exerted, and the deep feelings which he had aroused by his life, were apparent in the respect and sorrow manifested by the entire community. The unusual tribute of a Memorial Meeting was accorded to him by the Society, the proceedings being appropriately conducted by those among our members who had been inti- PROCEEDINGS B. 8, N. H. — VOL. XVII. 1 SEPTEMBER, 1874. Annual Report.] 2 [May 6, mate with him in the early days immediately after his arrival in this country. When Prof. Agassiz came to New England he found a small but enthusiastic body of men, mostly members of this Society, who were devoted to the study of Natural History. These gentlemen were striving to awaken the minds of the community to the importance of the study of the Sciences, not only as the best means for developing the natural re- sources .of the country, but for the attainment of a more advanced stage of culture than had yet been reached. This building, with its Library and Museum, and the present prosperous condition and importance of the Society, are witnessess of the untiring energy. and success of their efforts. The first work of these pioneers in the study of Natural History was to reduce to rule and order the fauna and flora of this comparatively unexplored territory. How success- fully this was undertaken, and how completely it was carried out, may be judged by the works of Binney and Gould, ‘Storer, Emerson, Harris, Hitchcock and others whose names - adorn the Annals of this Society and the Survey of the State. Prof. Agassiz had, however, learned by actual experience, that the exploration of a new fauna, when carried beyond the strict limit of the discovery and description of the more obvious forms, was liable to lead to the pernicious habit of species hunting. He had witnessed the last days of the wild scramble for new species, which had followed upon the in- troduction of the Linnean nomenclature in Europe, and its injurious effects upon the minds of his fellow students. He had also taken part in the reaction inaugurated by Oken, Goethe and Von Baer, in Germany, and Geoffrey St. Hilaire, Lamarck and,Cuvier in France, and felt that in this country the same battle must be fought over again. With the strength and enthusiasm, which we know so well, he endeay- ored to open the eyes of naturalists to the impending danger, and tried by all the means in his power to turn the tide of 1874.] 3 {Annual Report. future researches in a more fruitful direction. How much we owe to his labors in this field may be judged by the almost universal tendency of our naturalists toward embryological and anatomical studies. We have’ seen this in the pro- duction of such works as Prof. H. J. Clark’s “Spongiz Cili- ate,” Mr. J. A. Allen’s “ Laws of Geographical Distribution among Birds,” Dr. A. 8. Packard’s “ Embryology of Limulus” and “Guide to the Study of Insects,” Prof. E. 8. Morse’s “Hmbryology of Brachiopods,” and Alexander Agassiz’s “ Researches upon Echinoderms.” How widely his labors have extended, and how deeply they have affected the whole country in this respect cannot be estimated; it would take up the entire space allotted to this Report, if presented in detail. It suffices to say, how- ever, that his students, bearing with them more or less of his desire for the philosophical study of Natural History, have spread over the whole country. They have founded Muse- ums in Chicago, Rochester, New York and Salem, and have established a Natural History periodical, “The American Naturalist,” and a State Survey, that of Kentucky, to which I hope we may soon be able to add Massachusetts. The constant efforts which Prof. Agassiz put forth in order to place the pursuit of Natural History in a favorable light before the people, entitle him to the heartfelt thanks of all lovers of that branch of science. The almost universal deri- sion with which the pursuit of Natural History was viewed in former times, has been changed to respect, principally through his efforts. His great social influence and persua- sive eloquence was constantly employed in this work. He consistently taught his students that the future progress of science in this country must largely depend upon the good will of: the people; and he created by his own efforts that popular respect for Natural History which we now find throughout the whole country. Even with such a brief statement of facts it is possible.to see that Prof. Agassiz’s biographer can claim for him the Annual Report.] 4 [May 6, honor of having been the author of two revolutions, one sci- entific and one popular—one in the mode of studying Zoology, and one in habits of thought of the people at large. Doubtless these remarks will seem sadly deficient to those who would naturally expect a more extended notice of his social and scientific character.. This has, however, received attention from the President; Mr. Geo. B. Emerson and Rev. R. C.. Waterston, and I should only repeat what these gentle. men have already so well expressed, and will therefore turn to the usual record of the year’s work. My visit to Europe in ‘pursuit of my own studies afforded an opportunity to fill out the Paleontological collection. A fair representation of the strata of Western Europe was needed in orderthat we should: be able to compare the con- tained fossils in a general way with their synchronous rep- resentatives in North America. This met with the earnest approval of Mr. John Cummings, who generously furnished the necessary credit, and has given the collection to the Society. By a lucky accident I was enabled to secure the collection ‘of Oberfinanzrath Eser of Stuttgart, the ga catalogue of which lies upon the table. This, next to the collection of. Count Mandelsloh, was con- sidered the best in Wurtemburg, with respect to the fossils of the tertiary and secondary periods, including also the tri-. assic formations. It also possessed a fair representation of the fossils of :the Carboniferous, and a small collection of Devonian and Silurian types. All of these fossils had been selected with great care, and Herr Eser had expended the leisure hours of nearly forty years of his life in accumulating them, during which time: he made frequent and prolonged ° excursions to the most celebrated localities. . He was in cor- respondence with the most eminent German Palzontologists, and. the collections contain many originals and types de- scribed: by such men. as Hermann von Mayer, Oppel, Escher 1874.) 5 [Annual Report.. von der Linth, Heer and others. Besides suites of specimens with localities and names vouched for by these great author- ities, the bulk of the collection possesses no. little value de- rived from the careful determinations of Herr Eser himself, generally with the assistance of the authorities living near him, Prof. Quenstedt, Fraas and others. The uniques which it contains, as might be anticipated from what I have said, are both remarkable and numerous. The locality of Unter and Oberer Kirchberg, which was first opened by Herr Hser, afforded many of these, named by Von Mayer and Heer. A collection from the eocene and creta- ceous beds of Appenzell, Switzerland, is very fine. The Portland stone from the neighborhood of Ulm, contains many unique specimens described by Oppel, all the fossils found during the building of the extensive fortifications hav- ing been sent by the chief architect to Herr Eser. The most valuable single series in the collection consists of the two head pieces and detached bones of Belodon Camp- belli, described and figured by Von Mayer, the only remains of this remarkable animal ever found. I would also call attention to the specimens of tertiary plants, which are of such delicacy that they are mounted like botanical specimens on paper. Herr Eser assured me that it took him six months to clean and mount them, and they have been identified by: Heer, the great fossil botanist. This purchase left me at liberty to enter into negotiations for a collection of fossils to fill out the Silurian portion, which was poorly represented in Herr Eser’s collection, and this I hope may still be sent to us. It was also essential that some larger specimens should be added to the collection, and this the generosity of Mr. Cummings enabled me also to ac- complish by the purchase of several Icthyosauri and Teleo- sauri, and a magnificent plate of the expanded crown of Pentacrinus Briareus. Besides these collections, the Palzeon- tological Department has also been richly increased by the acquisition of the splendid suite of Devonian fossils collected Annual Report.] 6 [May 6, near Ithaca, N. Y., by the late Prof. Wm. C. Cleveland, one of the most accomplished observers it has been my good fortune to know. These fossils unfortunately were still un- named, but this has been in a great measure remedied by the kindness of Mr. Richard Rathbun, who has named for us a large proportion of them, and about all our Chemung speci- mens from other localities. The Society owes this collection partly to the donations of Mr. Bouvé and Mr. Cummings, and partly to purchase. A considerable proportion of the year has been taken up with the alterations now going on in the building. By these alterations it is proposed to obtain the desirable results of arranging the collections according to their natural order. A visitor when entering the building, will be directed by a guide-book to find the different departments. Usually speci- mens are put in, like the plastering, to suit the inside of the building, and their natural affinities sacrificed more or less to every corner or inconvenient angle. We shall, undoubtedly, experience some difficulty in the arrangement of details in the separate collections, but we can rest assured, that the nat- ural sequence of forms, whether Mineralogical, Geological, or Zoological, will be as fully and better illustrated than it ever has been in any printed work embracing similar grounds, an achievement heretofore considered unattainable in Muse- ums of the size of ours. I by no means desire to assume for myself the whole credit of this really extraordinary success ; the peculiar construction of this building alone made it pos- sible to adopt such a plan of arrangement, and reflects great credit upon the judgment and capacity of the gentlemen who superintended its erection. The President not only urged the adoption of the Plan of Organization which was announced in the Report of 1870-1871, but has ever since given it his most energetic support, and to his efforts the Society owes the great progress made at the present time. The expense of these alterations necessarily came upon us all at one time, but it must be remembered that they will 1874.] 76 [Annual Report. save the Society the expense of ultimately erecting a new building. The erection of an addition, which was contem- plated, would necessarily involve not only a great outlay of capital in bricks and mortar, but a corresponding annual increase in our expenses for heating, lighting, and wages to employees, besides the accumulation of larger and costlier collections. These expenses would have at once disabled all attempts to render the Museum really useful and instruc- tive to the public, and have obliged the officers and working members to give their whole time simply to the preservation of the constantly increasing collections. The cooperation with the Institute of Technology, besides the usual use of specimens, has extended during this year to the delivery of a course of lectures by Prof. W. H. Niles, in this hall. The duplicate fossils have been worked over by Mr. Crosby, and prepared for use as a study collection, to be placed in the southwest room in the basement, which has been floored, and will be fitted partly with the cases of the Rogers collection, and partly with duplicate cases from our own building. The collections of Prof. Wm. B. Rogers and Henry D. Rogers, now in the Institute of Technology, will be placed in this room until such a time as they can be worked up, and a complete suite selected for deposit in the show-cases. Fortunately Prof. Rogers will be able to give us his assistance in this work, and we hope to be able with his aid to restore the labels which have been lost or dam- aged. Mr. Crosby has prepared numerous microscopical sections and preparations of sponges, and the work in this department is progressing favorably. The unfortunate illness of Mr. Sprague has interrupted the progress of the work in the Entomological department, though he was at work fer a month at the commencement of the year, and has frequently inspected the collections since, as has also Mr. Emerton, who reports them free of insects. Work upon the Mollusca, though interrupted, is now being continued by Dr. Carpenter. He, with his assistant, Annual Report.) 8 : ; [May 6, visited Boston last summer, and, aided by Mr. Emerton, packed and unpacked specimens, arranging and cataloguing a large number of them. During the winter Dr. Carpenter has worked up ninety sets of duplicate bivalves and large shells, his assistant being now engaged upon the last tray. The whole of the land shells and fresh water univalves are yet to be arranged. é Dr. Thomas Dwight, chairman of the Committee on Com- parative Anatomy, reports that the cases have been improved by the introduction of glass partitions, and the locks changed, but that considerable alteration in the cases is still necessary. A prepared skeleton of a horse mackerel has been added to the collection, and some valuable exchanges have been negotiated. Work upon the fishes has been begun by Mr. Puiaats, Chairman of the Ichthyological Committee, and he is now engaged in arranging and classifying the Lake Erie collec- tion. The Reptiles remain in the same condition as in 2 years. The Ornithological collection has been frequently in- spected during the year by Mr. Emerton, and is entirely free from insects. The collection of Mammalia is represented by a few wretched looking skins, and it would be better for the reputation of the Society to close the room in which they are, if they cannot be added to or improved. Considerable work has been done in the Botanical Depart- ment by Miss Carter, a young lady employed by Mr. Cum- mings to inspect and arrange the duplicates. Mr. Brigham, chairman of the Botanical Committee, has removed the col- lections in great part to the new work room designed for this department, and reports that they are all in excellent condi- tion. Work has also been done upon the-Mineralogical collec- tions by Mr. Bouvé, chairman of the Mineralogical Commit- 1874.] g {Annual Report. tee, in preparing them for removal and display in the new cases now making. The Geological collections have been removed and stored in trays preparatory to a similar removal by the chairman of the Geological Committee. I am happy in being able to state that work has been be- gun by a competent Microscopist, Dr. Henry Coleman, upon the revision and arrangement of our valuable Microscopical collection, and that there is some hope of his being able to continue his efforts until the collection is put in a safe and accessible condition. During the last year five Corresponding and thirty-one Resident Members have been elected. Seventeen general meetings of the Society, eight of the Section of Entomology and seven of the Section of Microscopy have been held. The plan of notifying each member by a postal card, of the general meetings, and of the papers to be read at each, was adopted during the autumn, and has been attended with great success, as has been shown by the greatly increased interest and fuller attendance at the meetings. The latter has averaged, since October 15, sixty-four ; whereas the aver- age during the last year was twenty-five. The greatest num- ber of persons present at any one meeting was one hundred and twenty-four, the largest Society meeting ever held in this hall. From various unavoidable causes, only one course of Lowell lectures has been given during the past season, a course of four in number by Dr. Thomas Dwight, Jr., on liv- ing animal tissues. The disastrous effects of the great fire, together with other difficulties, prevented the continuance of. the lectures to teachers, which had been so generously maintained by Mr. Cummings, but it is hoped that these may be resumed at no distant time. Annual Report.] 10 [May 6, PUBLICATIONS. The Society has published since last May four Articles in the Memoirs: on the Fossil Myriapods from Nova Scotia, by Mr. 8. H. Scudder; on Earthquakes in New England, by M. Albert Lancaster ; on Embryology of Terebratulina, by Prot. K. 8. Morse, and a list of the Birds of Western Mexico, by Mr. Geo. N. Lawrence. Of the Proceedings two parts, concluding the fifteenth volume, and two parts of the sixteenth have been issued. LIBRARY. In the two last Annual Reports the need of the addition of a gallery to the back library has been urged; this want was supplied last June, and the Library is now arranged so as to preclude the necessity of extended changes for many years, although it is probable that a necessity for more shelf room will arise before the close of the present decade. The work. of correcting the alcove catalogues has been accomplished ; that on the card catalogue is still in progress. The additions during the year number 1353, and may be classified as follows :— ; 8vo 4to Fol Total Volumes’ 20°" (S286 “* 8 095 8S So. re Parts) £0..%)2) 7.652. 0. Ose Re eee Pamphlets: 2). 424. hy) < 6), Di) oy a Mapsiand Charis. =) 9.) oe ae ae Totals ops te eee 1353 Two additions of great value deserve especial mention, viz. : two collections of original paintings of Georgian Insects, by John Abbot. One of these collections, painted for Dr. Oemler of South Carolina, consists of nearly two hundred plates, illustrating Lepidoptera in different stages, and was purchased for the Society by the liberality of several mem- bers. The second collection, the gift of Dr. Asa Gray, is of 1874.] bf [Annual Report. about the same. size, and represents, in the main, species different from those illustrated in the first collection, while both contain but very few of the insects figured in the great work of Smith and Abbot on the Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia. Seventy-one volumes have been bound during the year ; as usual, however, the amount of this work remaining to be done has increased. We have received exchanges for the first time from seven Societies, viz. : — Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde : : : . : . Berlin. Botanisch Verein der Provinz Braworbure ° se Physikalisch-medicinische Societat . - : . - . Erlangen. Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia y Estadistica Sette - Mexico. Société d’Emulation du Département de l’Allier . - Moulins. Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Natur und Volkerkunde Ostasiens . Yokohama. Imperial Botanical Garden : Sak - hig te . St. Petersburg. For extensive series of earlier publications, we have to thank especially the Academia real das Sciencias .. . Bk hole pmmacand itl sae Literary and Philosophical Society . : : : : . Liverpool. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien . Seles - Stockholm. During the year six hundred and seventy-four books have been taken from the Library by eighty-nine persons. Annual Report.) . 12 [May 6, The Treasurer presented the following report. Report of E. Pickering, Treasurer, on the Financial Affairs of the Society, for the year ending April 30th, 1874. Receipts. Dividends and Interest . 2 , ‘5 $6,944.39 Courtis Fund Income ‘ F 4 : ¢ 4 : 709.91 Pratt Fund Income. Fi : ‘ : : 850.00 H. F. Wolcott Fund Income ; 5 : ‘ 2 464.00 Walker Fund Income .. Bak ae 2 & 2,466.30 66 Prize Fund Income . 5 5 ‘ 0 240.0 66 Grand Prize Fund Income : 6 5 5 F94.00 6 “ & Saleof Stock“. . 728.00 Watomelopieal Fund Income . ke 75. Bulfinch Street Estate Fund Income 5 2,124.00 Admission Fees A ° A ; 5 5 5 100.00 Annual Assessments . A 4 : 1,385.00 Lowell Institute Subsidy for Lectures SP cml : 138.76 Donations . 6 4 : 5 ; 580.00 Total . F BE 3 A . ° A $16,899.36 Expenditures. Museum and Furniture . : : c ‘ ‘: $3,423.81 Re abs of Museum . : 5 ; 5 : . 864.0: Cabin ¢ : 3 P 1,332.28 Cleveland Collection’ of Fossils 3 A y 5 ‘ 800.00 Library 5 - 3 ; A 527.76 Abbot's Drawings of ‘Lepidoptera : Gi By. stam dates ; 500.00 Memoirs and Seeman ue : A 6 - $1,696.28 Less receipts . . : 6 4 - 662.87 —_— 1,138.41 Lectures A : 3 : 141.11 Gas 5 ‘ 5 4 3 5 : 5 5 5 i 209.25 Fuel . : i 4 . ; : s : ; : 614.75 Insurance . 5 3 P 0 ; 5 : ; f 1,754.22 Salaries . 5 : 5,760.66 A.S. Packard, J Pup Walker Prize : i Q ; f 60.00 A. Agassiz, Walker Grand Prize . . 5 : 1,000.00 General Expenses . ; Z . : ‘ . ; 1,152.21) $18,778.48 Excess of Expenditures over Receipts Sanat te $1,874.12 E. PickERING, Treasurer, Boston Society of Natural History. Boston, May 1, 1874. The Society then proceeded to the election of officers for the ensuing year. Messrs. Mann and Brewer were requested to collect. and count the ballots, and they announced that forty-four ballots had been cast, all for the nominees of the Nominating Com- mittee reported at the previous meeting. The following gentlemen were therefore declared officers for 1874-75. 1874.] 13 [ Officers. PRESIDENT, . THOMAS T. BOUVE. VICE-PRESIDENTS, SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, JOHN CUMMINGS. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY, SAMUEL L. ABBOT, M.D. RECORDING SECRETARY, EDWARD BURGESS. TREASURER, EDWARD PICKERING. LIBRARIAN, EDWARD BURGESS. CUSTODIAN, ALPHEUS HYATT. COMMITTEES ON DEPARTMENTS. Minerals. Radiates, Crustaceans and Worms. Tuomas T. Bouvk, A. S. PACKARD, JR., M.D., L. S. BURBANK, A. E. VERRILL, R. H. RICHARDS. ALEX. E. AGASSIZ. Geology. Mollusks. Wo. H. NILzs, EDWARD S. MoRskE, T. STERRY Honrt, J. HENRY BLAKE, : L. S. BURBANK. LEVI L. THAXTER. Paleontology. Insects. Tuos. T. Bouvs#, ° S. H. Scupp:r, N.S. SHALER, EDWARD BURGESS, W. H. NILEs. A. S. PACKARD, JR., M.D. _ Botany. Fishes and Reptiles. JOHN CUMMINGS, CHARLES J. SPRAGUE, J. AMORY LOWELL. : Microscopy. -EDWIN BICKNELL, R. C. GREENLEAF, B. Joy JEFFRIES, M.D, Comparative Anatomy. THOMAS DWIGQHT, JR., M.D., _ JEFFRIES WYMAN, M.D., J.C. WHITE, M.D. F, W. PuTnam, S. KNEELAND, M.D., RICHARD BLIss, JR. Birds. THomMAas M. BREWER, M.D., SAMUEL CaBoT, M.D., J. A. ALLEN. MERTON, . B. S. Jackson, M.D. Cy ey Sy Ei b> & Wyman.] 14 [May 20, The thanks of the Society were unanimously voted to the retiring Vice-President, Mr. Greenleaf, who had declined re- election. The following Resolution, offered by Mr. G. Washington Warren, was unanimously adopted : — ‘¢ That this Society desires to place upon its records its high appre- ciation of the eminent services rendered by Dr. Charles T. Jackson, one of its Vice-Presidents, and of the high honor conferred upon the Society by his long association with it; and it would respectfully tender to his afflicted family its sincere condolence for the malady which has overtaken him, and has so abruptly terminated —for a season only it is greatly to be hoped — his scientific researches which have been of inestimable value to the public.” May 20, 1874. The President in the Chair. Sixty persons present. Prof. Jeffries Wyman read an account of the discovery of human remains in the fresh water shell-heaps of Florida, un- der circumstances which indicate that cannibalism was prac- ticed by the early inhabitants living on the shores of the St. Johns River. These remains were found scattered among the shells, and were broken up in the same manner as the bones of edible animals. In several instances considerable portions of the skeleton of a single individual were found, but spread out over a large surface and in a disorderly manner, showing that the bones could not have been de- posited as in an ordinary burial. As there were no marks of teeth these bones could not be supposed to have been broken up, while lying on the surface, by wild animals, as bears and wolves, and subsequently covered over by the accumulation of rubbish. ‘They were, besides, in the different instances broken up in a somewhat similar manner, the upper arm and thigh bones being fractured just below the heads and in the middle. The bones of the fore arm and leg were gener- 1874.) ‘ 15 [Hyatt. ally broken through the middle, and the ribs were broken into smaller pieces of nearly uniform length. | Prof. Wyman also gave an account of cannibalism as it existed in the two Americas at the time of the discovery of the country, as well as in later years, and gave the documentary evidence for his state- ments, the most complete and conclusive of which is derived from the relations of the Jesuits. Mr. F. W. Putnam observed that in a few cases portions of human skeletons had been found in New England shell- heaps, and asked if Prof. Wyman believed that these were evidences of cannibalism in New England as well as Florida. Prof. Wyman thought there was no sufficient evidence for such a belief, and he also stated that he had never known a case of burial in a shell-heap ; but at Doctor’s Island, Fla., he had found a portion of a skeleton apparently buried under a heap, as Mr. Putnam stated was the case with the skeleton found under the heap near Forest River at Marblehead. The following paper was read : — GENETIC RELATIONS OF THE ANGULATIDH. By A. Hyatt. According to Oppel, all three of the lower species of this group, and perhaps four, are identical. I have not, however, been able to satisfy myself that even Amm. Moreanus of D’Orbigny is not a sep- arate species. The characteristics in which the forms differ from each other are precisely similar to those which distinguish Agoceras Boucaultianum from its nearest ally, and this is considered worthy of a distinct name by Oppel. Another difficulty in the way of joining all these species under one name is that they form a group precisely equivalent to the Discocera- tide, or to the whole of the Falcifiri, so far as their involution and the general parallelism of their characteristics is concerned. They are simply a very highly accelerated series, in which there are as great differences between the extreme forms, as there is between the extreme forms of the Discoceratide or of many other groups, com- posed of more numerous forms with less abrupt modifications. According to D’Orbigny his Amm. catenatus, of which we have a . specimen from the neighborhood of Semur, occurs locally below Hyatt.] 16 (May 20, TUBERCULATUS- BED. e * . &goceras Boucaultianum a al: >| | om | el pe Fi} BUCKLANDIBED iL hee E 4Egce. Leigneletii | same =e ZEgoc. Charmassei, ‘ thin variety ANGULATUSBED. Zigoc. Charmassei, stout variety Aigoc. angulatum PLANORBISBED. - 4igoe. catenatum TRIAS. 4£goceras incultum Psiloceras TRIAS. 1874.] 1% [Hyatt. Aigoceras Charmasser and Leigneletii, and according to Oppel, all these forms are in the “Angulatusbett,” succeeded in the “ Tubercu- latusbett,” by digoceras Boucaultianum. If there is really any such recularity of succession, and from the collection at Semur it ‘would seem to be even more regular than Oppel supposed, it would accord admirably with what has been observed in other groups. Not only does the involution greatly increase-in each succeeding species, but the septa become more complicated in outline, and the adult characteristics of the pile ! and form are repeated at earlier and earlier stages in each species. This may be seen by the following descriptions. The same law governs also the inheritance of the old age characteristics of the individual. Thus Boucaultianus has the old age characteristics sooner developed in its growth than any other form, and occurs latest in time, thus showing that the acceleration, or - quicker reproduction of the characteristics, extends to the whole life, affecting even the period at which old age begins. The size increases in each successive form to Leigneletii, and then decreases considerably in Boucaultianus. One specimen from Semur is labelled Ammonites Boucaultianus, but evidently belongs to Leigneletii. ‘This shows that in extreme old age the abdomen becomes perfectly sharp and smooth; the pile are obsolescing, not reaching quite to the edge of the abdomen. In Prof. Fraas’ collection, associated with P. planorbis in the Planorbisbed, is a specimen of dgoceras angulatum var. catenatum, and as. this is the first appearance of digoceras angulatum, it is in- teresting to notice that it is less involute, more discoidal, and the whorl is more involute in aspect, or more like P. planorbis in itg proportions than the members of the same group, which follow in the Angulatusbed. It seems to me, therefore, that both by its geological position and characteristics it deserves to retain the separate appellation of LLgo- ceras catenatum. The developmental histories of both catenatus and angulatus, seem at first sight to contradict the supposition that they ean be traced to P. planorbis, since the resemblances of the adults disappear and the differences become more and more prominent as the shells are traced backward to their younger stages of erowth. In the collection at Semur thefe are three specimens in the Planor- bisbed under the name of catenatus. They are not large, but one exhibits obsolescing ribs and a smooth abdomen at the diameter of 1 Pile is used as synonymous with ribs. PROCEEDINGS B. S. N. H.— VOL. XVII. 2 OCTOBER, 1874, Hyatt] 18 [May 20, 52 mm. D’Orbigny’s types agree with this identification. One specimen from the lower part of the same zone with Lzassicus is named moreanus, and may be said to agree with D’Orbigny’s figure.} This is simply a variety identical with colubratus Zeit., growing to a larger size than catenatus. . At the diameter of 168 mm. in this specimen, the pilz crossed the abdomen, showing that old age had set in. ‘That this is sometimes an embryonic feature retained throughout life is shown by another speci- men, which at the diameter of 21 mm. has the ribs continued over the abdomen. The typical angulatus form occurs as in Germany, in the true Angulatusbed, above the catenatus and moreanus varieties. The stout form of Charmassei occurs at Semur in the same bed, but the more compressed and more involute form which passes into Leig- neletit occurs in the Scipionianus zone, and also in the Bucklandi zone. In the latter it is associated with a very thin form which seems to be a transition to Boucaultianus, and is identical with Char- massei D’Orbigny figured in Pl. 92, figs. 1,2. One of these, 375 mm. in diameter, had the pile quite prominent on the abdomen. The true Boucaulttanus occurs above the Bucklandibed, associated with Birchi. Amm. subangularis Oppel, in the Munich Museum, from Kaltenthal, has young like planorbis, but the pile in one specimen cross the abdo- men. Another from Filder has smooth abdomen until it is an inch in diameter, then the pile cross the abdomen. One from Hammerk- har seems to pass through this stage, and finally becomes channelled, as.in angulatus. In old age the abdomen continues smooth, and the shell resembles the old stage of Caloceras Johnstoni. ‘This is hardly an intermediate form, and does not confirm the evidence brought for- ward by Prof. Quenstedt, which is founded upon the occurrence of similar abnormal forms, though the conclusions of that sagacious author are in the main correct. It seems to me, indeed, to be merely a reversionary form of planorbis or Johnstoni. Waagen’s name Augoceras is retained for this group on account of the resemblance of the extreme young of angulatus to the figure which he gives of the type of his genus, 4goceras Buonarotti-of the Muschelchalk. He and Mojsisovics concur in describing the extreme young of Amm. incultum as similar to‘planorbis. If this is really so, and Palmai and planorbis, etc., are as nearly related as they appear to be by 1 The original in the Jardin des Plantes‘is a fragment. It is like the figure, but shows that the interior.whorls have been almost wholly restored. 1874.] 19 (Hyatt. descriptions and figures, we have the means of tracing both Hgoceras and Psiloceras to a common stock. Therefore Quenstedt after all is in the main correct, though the point of separation for the two stocks, one the parent of the Arietide, and the other of the Angula- tide, must be sought in the Trias and not in the Lias. The resem- blances between the form and characteristics of the full-crown Amm. incultum and the young of Zgoceras angulatum during the stage in which the pile stretch across the abdomen, and the channel is still undeveloped, are numerous and convincing in this respect. | #Zigoceras angulatum Waacen. Amm. angulatus Sch., Die Petref., p. 70. ’ Amm. catenatus Sow., De la Beche Traite de Geol., p. 407, f. 67. ¢é «© =) D’Orb., Ter. Jurass., Ceph., pl. 94. Amm. colubratus Ziet., tab. 3, fig. 1. Amm. angulatus depressus Quen., Die Ceph., p. 75, pl. 4, fig. 2. Nothwithstanding Oppel’s reunion of this species with Charmassei and Leigneletii of D’Orbigny, I cannot regard them as anything more than closely allied species, since they differ in the young, as well as in the adult and oldage. The young appear to be smooth for about one and a half whorls, then lateral tubercles appear. These spread upon the sides into folds, which on the early part of the fourth, or last of the third whorl, rapidly become true depressed pile, and then begin to be continued across the abdomen with a very decided forward bend in the genicule, and an acute angle on the abdomen. The furrowing or lineal depression which obliterates the angle of intersection of the pile on the abdomen, is developed on the last half of the fourth whorl. On the early part of the fourth whorl the shell has already the abdominal lobe somewhat deeper than the superior laterals, and these again very much deeper than the inferior laterals. The cells broad and rather shallow, the superior laterals being a trifle shallower than the inferior laterals, as in the Arietide. On the first quarter of the fifth volution the bases of the superior and inferior lateral cells and the tops of the superior lateral lobes, have become trifid, or unequally divided, whilst those of the inferior -lateral lobes and auxiliary cells are equally divided. The abdominal lobes are shorter than the superior laterals, though the cells maintain their old proportions. In the full adult condition the characteristics of the septa differ considerably from the Arietide, but approximate to those of Psilo- ceras. Hyatt.] 20 _ [May 20, The minor lobes are more numerous, deeper, and pointed than in » the Arietidz, the minor cells being quite leaf-like, the abdominal lobe considerably shallower than the superior laterals, the inferior laterals very short, and the auxiliary lobes quite numerous and bending poste- riorly at a considerable angle. The seventh whorl increases in size with great rapidity, the abdomen becoming narrower, the channel shallower, the pile more depressed, losing their prominent, somewhat abrupt, genicular bend, and on the abdomen becoming depressed to a level with the siphonal line. The involution of this whorl is about othe and that of the ninth a trifle over one-half. The peculiar-flattening of the sides and form of the adult whorl, and the amount of involution, are close approximations to the adult characteristics of Amm. Charmasset, but the septa are different and the young more robust; the pile are de- veloped carlier and more rapidly, and the abdominal channel also In some specimens, however, these last are not noticeable until quite a late period, the pila being continuous across the abdomen, as in D. planicostum, even on the sixth volution. In the collections at the Stuttgart Museum are several very fine specimens of the old age of this species, and it is easy to distinguish it from Charmassei, by the narrowness of the whorls, and its more open umbilicus and discoidal aspect. One of the largest angulatus measures 495 mm., the last whorl 17 mm.; another measures 515 mm., and last whorl 18.5 mm. In the Museum at Stuttgart, in the centre of a crushed specimen of the true angulatus from Kirchheim, the young was very clearly exposed. This had very smooth and round,; though rather stout whorls. The pile appeared on the sides as faint folds, which are straight at first, then curve, reach the abdomen, and finally cross it with a forward inflection. ‘These become very prominent and de- cided before the channel is formed, which finally cuts through the pile. This variety, however, ‘is considerable, since in the adult of this specimen the channel is only partially developed, the pile being only about half cut through, though the specimen is about two and one-fourth inches in diameter. There is here a close likeness to some of the trias forms, but not to the true Planorbis which the young does not resemble at all. In young specimens in Prof. Quenstedt’s colleesans and the Mu- seum of Comparative Zoology, the same was observed. It often occurs also that after the character is developed, and the shell quite large, 1874.] 21 [Hyatt. the pils again join, but this is not so frequent as has been supposed. They more often remain separated until old age. The early occurrence of this form in the Planorbisbed is estab- lished by repeated observations on the part of Profs. Quenstedt and Fraas in Wurtemburg. The separation of the pile is not uncommon in other groups, especially in Perisphinctes. The original of Amm. angulatus Sow., which I saw in the British Museum, is only a mal- formed communis. '; fagoceras Charmassei Hyatt. Amm. Charmassei D’Orb., Terr. Jurass., Ceph., p. 296, pl. 91, 92. Besides the characteristics mentioned in the description of dgoce- ras angulatus the following may be added.» On the sixth volution, the extremely gibbous form of the young begins to change. The whorl increases more rapidly, the abdomen is narrower, and the pilz as in preceding species, with this exception. On this volution, or perhaps on the fifth, they become bifurcated, or else have inter- mediate short pile interspersed between the longer ones. The septa have remarkably large abdominal lobes, shallower than the superior laterals, but with a much more ragged outline. The siphonal cell is extraordinary in this respect. It is very large, and marked with several lateral minor lobes and cells. The remaining lobes and cells are much more complicated than in angulatus. On the sixth volution the form of the whorl changes exactly as in angulatus. ‘The envelopment of this whorl equals one-half of the side of the sixth, whereas in angulatus the envelopment does not equal this until it reaches the ninth volution. The envelopment at the same age in this species, that is on the ninth whorl, covers full two- thirds of the side of the eighth whorl. There is a form in Prof. Fraas’ collection from Mohringen answering to the young of Char- massei, as figured by D’Orbigny, pl. 91, and another from Filder, which is precisely intermediate in its characteristics between this and the smoother, flatter variety figured on pl. 92. The oldest specimens in the possession of the Museum of Stuttgart measured 53 mm., and the last whorl 23 mm. A. angulatum parts with its pile and grows smooth much earlier apparently than 4. Charmassei. Probably this occurs at about the same age, but the superior size of Charmasset makes it seem older when the old age characteristics begin to appear. Hyatt.) ~ 2», [May 20, fagoceras Leigneletii Hyatt. Amm. Leigneletti D’Orb., Terr. Jurass., Ceph., p. 298, plug? Amm. angulatus compressus Quen., Die Ceph., p. 75. The same class off acts divides this species from Charmassei that we used to show the differences between the latter and angulatus — namely that the young differ as well as the old in some specimens. The differences are very great between the fifth whorl (about) of Leigneleti, and the same age in Charmassei. ‘The tubercles are more prominent on the edge of the abdomen, the pile more depressed on the sides, and their terminations tubercular on the edge of the abdo- men, which instead of being a broad, rounded space, is a flattened zone. ‘The reduction of the abdomen of course occurs in all species of this group, but in other, species, except Boucaultianus, it is found only during the senile stage. A specimen of Boucault’s Collection, labelled Amm. Charmassei, is probably the young of this species. If so, the young shell differs from Charmassei in having laterally compressed whorls, like those of its own adult, much finer pile, not so prominent and near the abdo- men, bifurcating very regularly. The smooth lateral zones found on the fifth volution are not indicated on the fourth whorl in this speci- men, and it resembles at this time in the form of the whorl, the pile and the abdominal channel, a much older stage of growth which occurs in Charmassei. Amm. angulatus compressus of Quenstedt may also in part belong to Charmassei, but the two specimens from Museum Stuttgart are apparently of this species only. ‘The development in one of these specimens covers about two-thirds of the sides of the eighth whorl, and about the same age the pile again cross the narrow abdomen, obliterating the siphonal depression or bare tract, and introducing a series of crenulations instead. ‘This is a return to the young condi- tion, and indicates the first degradational or old age period. Of course it is not intended by this to deny that there are no young which closely approximate to the young of Charmassei. On the contrary some specimens are apparently identical in all respects, except the greater flatness and the earlier period at which the involution ap- pears to be shown. In fact the species are connected by numerous transitional forms with Charmasset. 1874.] Ay) (Hyatt. Aigoceras Boucaultianum Hyatt. Amm. Boucaultianus D’Orb., Terr. Jurass., Ceph., p. 294, pl. 90. This remarkable species differs from Letgneleti in about the same ~ manner that that species differs from Mgoceras Charmasset, in other words, it is more involute than Leigneletii at the same age; on about the seventh or eighth whorl, at least three-fourths of the sides are hidden. The pile are not so coarse ds in that species, and the ab- dominal channel is obliterated at an earlier age, and succeeded by the crenulations caused by the pile. The septa differ considerably The specimen examined was one of D’Orbigny’s types. The same transitional forms which lead into Leigneletw also lead into other more compressed and more involute forms which are transitional to the true Boucaultianus. They differ from Leigneleti only in the suppression of the tuberculated pile, and a general tendency toward obsolescence of the pila on the sides. APPENDIX TO COMMUNICATIONS ON REVERSIONS AMONG AMMONITES. Proc., Vol. XIv, 1870, p. 22. Microderoceras Birchii. This occurs in the form named Amm. rotundaries py Fraas (MSS.) in the Arietenbank or Bucklandibed. Microderoceras Hebertii. This is not the Hebertii of Oppel, but a form intermediate between that figured by D’Orbigny under the name of Amm. brevispina and the typical Birchu. It is not found in the Middle, but in the Lower Lias Birchiibed at Semur. The confusion arises out of a false iden- tification by Oppel from the supposed types in D’Orbigny’s collection. The type is really a very rare form of Birchi, found only, so far as I know, in the Museums at Semur and Cambridge. ‘The specimens in D’Orbigny’s:collection are forms of the single-spined group allied to armatus. They differ from the type described by D’Orbigny, and also from Hebert of Oppel, which is identified in Germany, and appears in the Munich collection as a species allied to Valdani, with a keel, and all the characteristics of its group. ' Microceras biferum, The young of this species in some varieties is very similar to the young of Birchi, and confirms: the views previously taken of their affinities. Hyatt.] 9A. [May 20, % MARGARITATUS- eEED ; And. Bechei ‘ DAVOEIBED. io) a iS =~ e : a IBEXBED. And. Bechei Q = = gs S| aS K A iS & s 6 And.appressum__And. = S “poe = hybrida Opp. Henleyi JAMESONIBED. ss fet peal . ra Bsn eee Tes a 3 : : Bo ete oe a [as P 5 Dp iS oO RARICOSTATUS- | ' BED. cs [ov 2 ean = . ws 2 Pale a 4S OXYNOTUSBED. Si 37 ae 7) O smo si UE as cere ey aR Shee 3 | om 2 2 = ee OBTUSUSBED. —— 2 eS, : eaten U2 5 Pigeaet, cog tick 4 gq A A ——$>- TUBERCULATUS- Birchii M. Birchii var. (species) BED. brevispina D’Orb. ; cd BUCKLANDIBED. M. Birchii var. (species) rotundaries Fraas Hyatt.] 25 [May 20, Amm. polymorphus miztus Quenst. is not a synonym of this species» and my remarks are erroneous in this respect. In Quenstedt’s col- lection there are several specimens with the Turrilete deformity, sup- posed to be identical with Turr. Valdani and Coynarti. They are, ‘however, members of this species, and not equivalent to Turr. Coy- narti, though perhaps equivalent to Turr. Valdani. Turr. Coynarti is evidently a deformed specimen of planicosta and Turrilites Boblayei, a deformed specimen of carusense, according to D’Orbigny’s collection. I have found also similar deformities in sev- eral other species, so that it is an unquestionable deformity to which species of the Lower Lias are more or less susceptible, as previously ‘noticed by Quenstedt. Microceras latzecostum. Besides the varieties sinwosum and maculatum, this should also include crescens. It cannot readily be separated, either by its form or any of its characteristics. The original of Sowerby has only one row of spines until quite large, when it acquires two. Microceras arcigerens. This is the English representative of Microceras biferum, and in some specimens is not separable from that species, while in others it. if not separable from latecosta. The young of all, and the adult stages of some specimens, are like the young and adult stagesof biferum, while the adult of other speci- mens have the peculiar form and pile of latecosta. Deroceras Dudressieri. In Quenstedt’s collection are several remarkable forms of this species. One begins to show old age, or rather in that case a prema- ture decay of parts begins to take place when the shell is only two inches in diameter. The tubercles and folds begin to show signs of decay in a perfectly normal way, even at this early age. Another specimen from Dewangen (Der Jura, p. 125) has young, with enor- mously large, truncated spinous casts, as in armatum. There are other young of this species which are identified as planicosta Sow.! Deroceras ziphius. Amm. armatus sparsinodus Quenstedt. . Quenstedt’s magnificent series confirms the views previously printed. 1 See also Der Jura, p. 97, Capricornus nudus. Hyatt.) 26 [May 20, Deroceras ziphoides, Amm. ziphoides Quenst., Der Jura, p. 130, pl. 15, fig. 11. This is really only a form of ziphius in the Lias, which has an accelerated mode of development, and has partly skipped the plani- costan character of the abdomen. The pile still cross the abdomen, but have lost their broad planicostan aspect. Deroceras planicostum, Sowerby’s specimens are mixed with ae and Dudressiert. These hardly afford the means of determining whether planicosta deserves a separate name-from Dudressieri, but after a careful exam- ination I doubt whether the form of planicosta can be separated from the young of Dudressiert. It will be observed that planicosta is a small species, and in many undoubtedly planicostan varieties the characteristic spines of Dudressierit are assumed after the specimen attains an unusually large size, so that it becomes impossible to sep- arate them from the young of Dudressiert. Several of Sowerby’s specimens are unquestionably forms of this species. There are, however, some extreme forms of planicosta laterally very flat and very narrow on the abdomen, for which it may be found convenient to reserve a separate appellation. My remarks with regard to the affinity of this species with specigs of the Arietide2 should be more definite. They can apply only to certain parallel or reversionary characteristics which are common to both Arietide and Microceras, and not attributable to any direct genetic connection. Deroceras confusum. This should be Ammonites Lohbergensis Emerson. Deroceras confu- sum Quenst. is very distinct. The figures of Quenst. are not ex- actly correct. Fig. 8. pl. 72 of “Der Jura” has a hardly perceptible keel connecting some of the abdominal ridges of the original speci- men, but absent between others. The whorl is quite round in the young, then acquires the form given in Fig. 8, and then that delin- eated in Fig. 10. There are, however, still very faint signs of a keel -which is entirely lost between the oldest ridges. _Amm. subplanicosta Oppel. This remarkable form, as seen in the Munich Collection, has young like biferum, and in other respects resembles that species, but begins to acquire the planicostan or latzcostan pile at a very early age, and in some specimens probably remains similar to latecosta throughout life. There can be but little doubt that it is a late- costan-like variety of J. biferum. 1874.] Ov (Hyatt. Deroceras desinodum. This species is not a member of this series at all, but genetically allied with the armatus series. Androgynoceras hybridum. This species is very commonly confused with the other forms of Androgynoceras and Liparoceras by all German authors. It is, however, quite readily distinguished by the large size which it attains before acquiring the peculiar tuberculated lateral and divided ab- dominal pilze of the group to which it belongs. Sowerby’s collection shows that his Henleyi was identical with this species, and not with the species which now universally goes by that name. Androgynoceras appressum. This is quite a distinct form, but is equal to Amm. striatus evolutus Quenst., and to a part of Amm. hybrida Oppel, and appears to lead into a peculiar keeled form, also part ef Amm. hybrida Oppel. This form becomes almost smooth in the young, and thus resembles Amm. polymorphus lineatus, which both Quenstedt and Oppel con- sider connected with it. I think the resemblance is caused merely by a mode of development which has the same relation to the mode of development in And. appressum that the mode of development in Bechii has to Henlyi. ‘That is, the young are smooth for a long time in both, and both skip the latecostan stage, but the adults differ in the subsequently developed characteristics of the adult abdomen. Liparoceras indecisum. This form has two varieties, one in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, which in the young approximates quite closely to the young of And. hybrida, and one form in the Munich collection, which is intermediate between the normal forms and the true Hen- leyi; that is, the young have the latzcostan abdomen for a much more limited time. Liparoceras Henleyi. This is undoubtedly, as Oppel states, only a form of Bechet, but if we join this and Bechei under one name, we must also, according to the same rule, join all the forms from Microceras latecosta to Bechit inclusive under one specific name, with numerous varieties. Liparoceras Bechei. This occurs in Lias 7 with Henleyi and appressum, but the extreme forms are mostly found in Lias a. Sowerby’s original is the form usually identified as Bechei, with smooth young. ° 28 mM : < D. Brauniamum g C. mucronatum Per. D. annulatum acanthopse f | Postpono- C. crassum e MYNBED. D. Holandrei _ Peronoceras Ay C. Desplacei subarmatum =) Dactylioceras commune YO SPINATUS- BED. MARGARITA- TUSBED. Deroceros Zitteli 7) _ ama - =) same <2 A DAVGIBED. D. Davei E C. Hgeor a C. Actzor (a game D. Venarense C.Mauger i? IBEXBED. C. bipunctatr a C. natrix , D. submuticum J AMESSON- C. ceutaurum P. brevispinum IBED. | D. nodogi Ceeloceras pettos oe een : SSS . AM ARUS BEP-Deroceras armatum t RARICOSTA- i ; TEER D. densinodum Arnioc _ mniserabile w tn. 201. Calochortus Nuttalli T. & G. Grassy hillsides, near the Crossing of the Little Missouri, July 11th. Not common, and seen at only a few localities. 202. Allium reticulatum Nutt. Fort Rice, June 13th. Very abundant throughout the prairies east of the Little Missouri; perhaps with other species. 203. Zygadenus glaucus Nutt. Near Fort Rice, June 20th. 204. Yucca angustifolia Nutt. Common, especially between the Missouri and Little Missouri Rivers. TRIDACER. 205. Sisyrinchium Burmudiana Linn. Common in the moist prairies east of the Yellowstone. COMMELYNACEZ. 206. Tradescantia Virginica L. Common in the moist _ prairies east of the Little Missouri. | 1874.] 85 [Allen. SMILACEA. 207. Smilax herbacea Linn. Fort Rice, June 15th. 207a. Smilax herbacea Linn., var. pulvurulenta Michx. Near the Great Bend of Heart River, June 24th. CYPERACEZ. 208. Scirpus validus Vahl. Crossing of the Big Muddy, » June 30th. 209. Carex longirostris Torr. Fort Rice, June 15th. . GRAMINACEA. 210. Calamagrostis longifolius Hook. Valley of the Mus- selshell, August 21st. 211. Stipa viridula Trin. Near Great Bend of Heart River, June 23d. 212. Stipa spartea Trin. Near Great Bend of Heart River, June 23d. (213. Spartina cyanosuroides Wild. Valley of the Yel- lowstone, near the mouth of the Big Horn, August 12th. 214. Bouteloua curtipendula eee Bad Route Creek, July 28th. 215. Bouteloua oligostachya Torr. Bad Route Creek, July 28th. 216. Keeleria cristata Pers. 217. Poa seratina Ehbrhart. Fort Rice, June 15th. 218. Poa tenuifolia Nutt. Fort Rice, June 15th. 219. Triticum repens Linn. Valley of the Musselshell, August 21st. 220. Hordeum jubatum Linn. 221. HKlymus condensatus Presl. Valley of the Mussel- shell, August 21st. EQUISETACE. 222. Equisetum arvense Linn. Fort Rice, June 15th. FILICES. 223. -Woodsia Oregona D.C. Eaton. Near crossing of the Little Missouri, July 11th. Very rare; met with but a few times. ~‘ Scudder.} 86 (June 3, MUSCI. 224. Hypnum filicinum Linn. Near Shell Point, Yellow- stone River. ’ VII. Report ON THE BUTTERFLIES COLLECTED BY Mr. J. A. ALLEN ON THE YELLOWSTONE EXPEDITION OF 1873. By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. The twenty-eight butterflies mentioned below were brought home by the Yellowstone Expedition, sent out under the charge of Gen. D. | S. Stanley, by the Secretary of War. They were collected by Mr. J. A. Allen, zoologist and botanist of the expedition, and were taken at four different localities, from Heart River (about 1800 feet above the sea) to the mouth of Cedar Creek on the Yellowstone (about 2200 feet above the sea), between June 26 and July 20. The local- ities were the following : — | _ 1. Heart River Crossing, Dakotah Terr., about fifty miles west of | the Missouri River, June 26. The collections were almost wholly | made in the valley of the river, near or among timber. More than half of the specimens brought home, and nearly three-fourths of the species: were taken at this place. The butterflies not found here _ were: —Min. silvestris, Arg. nevadensis, Char. Ismeria, Chrys. Sirius, : Chrys. Helloides, Amar. Zolicaon, the two -species of Erynnis and Atryt. Logan. There was a large proportion of Nymphales and Urbicole, three-fourths of the butterflies belonging to these two fami- | lies. ; 2. “Camp No. 8,” at the crossing of Big Muddy Creek, about twenty miles northwest of the Heart River Crossing. There was | very little timber here, and most, if not all, of the butterflies were taken in the open country, and represent, says Mr. Allen, the usual species of the prairie. The butterflies taken there were :— Cen. Galactina, Arg. nevadensis, Lyc. Anna, Chrys. Helloides, Hesp. tes- sellata and Ocytes Uncas. 8. Near the head of Heart River, about one hundred miles west of the two previous localities, July 8. The butterflies were also taken on the prairie, and consisted of Bas. Dissippe, Van. cardui, Arg. nevadensis, and Chrys. Helloides. 4. Shell Point, Yellowstone River, at the mouth of Cedar Creek, ten miles above the mouth of Glendive Creek, —landmarks which will doubtless be given on the next good map of this region. The > 1874.] 87 ie ee [Scudder. butterflies were obtained July 18 and 20, among the sage brush of the river valley, and consisted of Min. silvestris, Bas. Weidemeyeri, Char. Ismeria, Lyc. Anna; Col. Philodice, Amar. Zolicaon, the two species of Erynnis, and Atryt. Logan. NYMPHALES. 1. Satyrus Ridingsii Edw. A single male, rubbed, but not torn, was taken in the river valley, at Heart River Crossing, June 26. 2. Minois silvestris (Edw.). Sixteen specimens (11d, 5?) were taken on the banks of the Yellowstone River, in the sage brush, July 18 and 20. About half the males were in fair condition; the other half were rather rubbed and frayed; most of the females were pretty fresh, but two of them were a good deal torn. Probably the butterfly appears early in July. 38. Ccenonympha Galactina (Boisd.) Mons This species was taken at Heart River Crossing, in the river valley, June 26, and on the open prairie, at the crossing of the Big Muddy, June 28. The males (six) were fresh or very nearly fresh; and the females (four- teen) were all fresh, though some were a little torn, perhaps in cap- ture. ‘The butterfly probably appears toward the end of the month. 4. Basilarchia Disippe (God.) Scudd. This butterfly was only taken on Heart River; a male, fresh and very dark, like Flor- idan specimens, was taken at the crossing in the river valley, June 26; and a female, very badly rubbed, and of the ordinary color of northern specimens, near the head of the river, on the prairie, July 8. 5. Basilarchia Weidemeyeri (Edw.) Grote. Three speci- mens of this beautiful insect were taken; two males, one of them per- fect, the other pretty fresh, were found near timber at Heart River Crossing, in the river valley, June 26; the third, a female-and ragged, was taken in the sage brush of the river valley, near the encamp- ments on the Yellowstone, July 18. Its periods resemble, therefore, those of B. Arthemis. 6. Vanessa cardui (Linn.) Ochs. Two males were taken, one fresh, the other very badly frayed; the former on the banks of the Yellowstone, July 18; the latter at Heart River Crossing, June 26; the latter had probably hibernated, and the former was an early individual of the first brood. 7. Argynnis nevadensis Edw. Two males and a female of this butterfly, fresh, were taken on the open prairie at the crossing of Seudder.] 88 [June 8, the Big Muddy, June 28, On July 8, at the head of Heart River, also-on the prairie, thirteen males were taken, most of them in a tol- erably fresh condition. 8. Argynnis Edwardsii Reak. Four males of this species, either fresh or very nearly fresh, were taken June 26, at Heart River _ Crossing, near the timber in the valley of the river. The seasons of these two species are therefore nearly identical. \ 9. Phyciodes Tharos (Drury) Kirb. About thirty speci- mens of this butterfly were taken at Heart River Crossing, June 26, the two sexes in nearly equal numbers; fresh, passable and badly bruised individuals were divided about equally among males and females. : | 10. Charidryas Ismeria (Boisd.-LeC.) Seudd. Only taken on the Yellowstone, among the sage brush in the valley, July 18; six males and two females were captured; a single male in pretty good condition, the others, as well as the females, dull, rubbed and frayed. Probably,.therefore, it appears in June. RURALES. ll. Lycsides Anna (Edw.). This butterfly was found in considerable abundance, and in nearly all the localities in which col- lections were made, viz.: at Heart River Crossing, the banks of the Yellowstone, and at the crossing of the Big Muddy, from June 26 to July 18. At the earliest date, twenty-one males were taken, of which six were fresh and bright, twelve tolerably fresh, and three badly rubbed; while of the six females taken at the same time, four were perfectly, and two tolerably, fresh. Two days later, one fresh and one rubbed male and two rather fresh females were taken; while the single female captured July 18 was badly rubbed and torn. The butterfly probably made its appearance this year at or shortly after the middle of June. 12. Agriades Minnehaha nov.sp. Upper surface of male dark violet; the outer margin dark brown, extending more broadly on the front than on the hind wings; upper surface of male rather dark brown, the basal half dusted, not very conspicuously, with blue scales; both sexes have a small black bar crossing the cell of all the wings, larger in the female than in the male; outer margin edged with black, followed interiorly on the hind wings by a line of white scales, upon which are seated small, blackish, interspaceal spots, sur- 1874.] 89 . [Scudder. mounted, in the female, by small, dull orange, triangular spots. Un- der surface ashy gray, slightly darker in the male than in the female, the outer border edged with black. Fore wings with a rather large, black discal bar, edged narrowly with white, and midway between this and the outer border a row of sntall black spots, the upper ones round, the lower oval, all narrowly encircled with white, and ar- ranged in a curve which bends most strongly in the interspaces be- yond the cell; there are also two faint rows of transverse, dusky submarginal spots, the inner midway between the: border and the outermost portion of the row of black spots. On the hind wings the discal spot is scarcely, if at all, darker than the ground, and distin- guishable only by being narrowly.encircled with whitish; in the mid- dle of the cell is a small blackish spot, and above it another, both encircled with whitish; beyond is a sinuate series of spots encircled with white, the upper and lower spots black or blackish, the others seldom darker than the ground, and thus indistinct; there is one in each interspace, transverse oval in shape, those in the interspaces beyond the cell lying half way ketween the discal spot and the bor- der. There is a marginal series of small, round, dark brown spots, often dotted, especially away from the centre, with metallic spots, surrounded with yellowish brown, which above, and especially in the female, deepens into dull orange; these spots are again surmounted by very slight, dark brown lunules, bearing pretty large triangular spots of grayish white, pointing’ toward, and almost reaching, the extra-mesial row of spots. Expanse ¢ 26 mm.; ? 24-26 mm. © This butterfly does not seem to have been described, but it accords best with the description of Lyc. Maricopa Reak., from California. One pretty fresh male, another rubbed male, one fresh and one rubbed, dull female were taken at Heart River Crossing, June 26. 13. Chrysophanus Helloides (Boisd.) Edw. One pretty fresh female was taken at the crossing of the Big Muddy, on the open prairie, June 28. 14. Chrysophanus Sirius Edw. A single male, badly torn and rubbed, was taken on the Yellowstone River, among the sage brush in the valley, July 20. PAPILIONIDES. 15. Colias Philodice God. At Heart River Crossing, near timber in the river bottom, June 26, ten males were taken, mostly in good condition, though two of them were poor. Later, July 18.and Scudder.] 90 [June 3, 20, a large number of males and a single female were taken on the banks of the Yellowstone River, among the sage brush; of these, most of the specimens taken on the 18th were pretty fresh; but some males were somewhat or considerably rubbed ; of those taken on the 20th, only one specimen was fair, the others being very badly rubbed} some of these were very small, one measuring but thirty-seven milli metres in alar expanse. 16. Colias Eurytheme Boisd. This species was taken only at Heart River Crossing, near timber in the’ river bottom, June 26. Three pretty good males and two good females were captured, be- sides three females, rather badly worn. 17. Synehloe Protodice (Boisd.-LeC.) Scudd. Two fe- males only were taken, both fresh ; one at Heart River Crossing, June 26; the other on the Yellowstone, July 18: 18. Amaryssus Polyxenes (Fabr.) Scudd. A single fe- male, badly torn and worn, was taken at Heart River Crossing, June 26. 19. Amaryssus Zolicaon (Boisd.). A single male, fresh in | color, but a little torn, was taken on the Yellowstone, July 18. URBICOLZ. 20. Epargyreus Tityrus (Fabr.) Scudd. A single female, torn (perhaps in capture) but pretty fresh, was taken at Heart River Crossing, June 26. 21. Thorybes Pylades Scudd. A single fresh male was taken at Heart River Crossing, June 26. 22. Hrynnis Persius Scudd. A single, rather rubbed male, apparently belonging to this species, though differmg somewhat from eastern examples in the abdominal appendages, was taken on the Yellowstone, July 18. 23. Erynnis Lucilius (Lintn.) Scudd. A single male, not very fresh, was taken with the preceding species. It does not = from the eastern type, even in the abdominal appendages. 24. Hesperia tessellata Scudd. ‘Three fresh males were taken at Heart River Crossing, June 26; but three worn specimens, amale and two females, their fringes all gone, were taken at the crossing of the Big Muddy, only two days later. 25. Oarisma Hylax (Edw.). Three pretty fresh males were taken at Heart River Crossing, June 26. — 1874.] 91 [Stodder. 26. Asingle male butterfly was taken at Heart River Crossing, June 26, which resembles very closely Amblyscirtes vialis in the form and neuration of the wings, in the structure of the legs and antenne, and even in the coloration and markings of the wings, so far as these could be made out from a somewhat ‘rubbed individual; but there is a perfectly distinct indication of a discal dash of raised scales, the sexual mark of the fore wings in so many Astyci, which is altogether wanting in Amblyscirtes. I await the reception of further material before deseribing this interesting form. 27. Ocytes Uncas (Edw.). One pair, both fresh, were taken at Heart River Crossing, near timber in the valley of the river, June 26. At the crossing of the Big Muddy, on the open prairie, two fe- males, one of them fresh, the other somewhat less so, were taken June 28. 28. Atrytone Logan (Edw.) Scudd. 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