I, •-• DORSET MTU MIi HISTORY FIELD GM1B. EDITED BY C. W. H. DICKER. VOLUME XXX. DC PRINTED AT THH IK HIM T COVM V CHRONICLK OFKIl'E. Mi DA ry 984726 CONTENTS. PAGK List of Officers of the Club since its inauguration . . . . v. Rules of the Club . . . . . . . . . . vi. List of Officers, Honorary Members, and Members . . . . xi. List of New Members elected since the publication of Vol. XXIX. . . xxiv. Publications of the Club ; Societies in correspondence with the Club . . xxvi. THB PROCEEDINGS OP THE CLUB during the Season 1908-1909— First Winter Meeting . . . . . . . . xxvii. Second Winter Meeting . . . . . . . . xxxvii. Annual General Meeting . . . . . . . . xxxi. MEETING AT GAME AND OWEEMOIGNE . . . . . . xli- Came House .. .. .. .. .. ,, Came Church . . . . . . . . . xlii. Whitcpmbe Church . . . . . . . . . xliv. The Littlemayne Sarsens . . . . . . . xlv. Poxwell House and Circle . . . . . . . X^V Owermoigrie Court . . . . . . . . . xlviii. Came Rectory . . . . . . . . . xlix. MEETING IN THE TAEEANT VALLEY . . . . . H. Crawford Castle . . . . . . . . . ,, Tarrant Crawford : Its Church and Abbey . . . . ,, Tarrant Keynston Church . . . . . . . . lii. Tarrant Rushton .. .. .. . . .. ,, The Rushton Rectory Museum. — Business Meeting . . . . liv. County Deeds.— Valuable Gift by Mr. E. A. Fry . . . . „ Tarrant Rawston . . '. . . . . . . . Ivi. Tairant Monkton .. .. .. •• .. ,, Tarrant Hinton . . . . . . . . . . Ivii. Tarrant Gunville and Eastbury . . . . . . ,, MEETING AT TAUNTON AND DTJNSTEE . . . . . . lix. Cleeve Abbey . . . . . . . . . . , , Taunton Castle and Museum . . . . . . . . Ixi. The Avebury Excavations . . . . . . . Ixiv. Magdalene Church and Priory " Barn " . . . . Ixvi. Dunster Castle .. .. .. .. .. ,, Dunster Priory Church . . . . . . . . Ixviii. MEETING AT ST. ^-ELDHELM'S HEAD . . . . . . . . Ixx- Blashenwell and Its " Finds " . . . . . . Ixxiii- Kingston and Its Churches . . . . . . . . ,, Worth Matravers Church . . . . . . . . Ixxv. St. ^Idhelm's Chapel . . . . . . . . Ixxvi. The Geology of the District . . . . . . . . Ixxvii. The Hon. Treasurer's Statement of the Club's Receipts and Expen- diture . . . . . . . . . . Ixxxi. The Hon. Secretary's Accounts . . . . . . . . Ixxxii. Anniversary Address of the President . . . . . . Ixxxiii. In Memoriam — Mr. Wilfrid Hudleston Hudleston, M. A., F.R.S. .. civ. In Memoriam — Henry Storks Eaton, M.A., by N. M. Richardson . . cvi. The Roman Villa at Hemsworth,by the Rev. G. H. Engleheart, M.A., F.S.A. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Dorset Chantries, by E. A. Fry . . . . . . . . 13 Some British and Romano -B'ritish Coins found in Dorset, by Henry Symonds . . . . . . . . . . 58 The Status of Peasantry in Portland, by Mrs. King Warry . . 71 Some Ancient Customs of the Manors of Strattoii and Grimston, Co. Dorset, by Alfred Pope, F.S.A., F.M.S. . . . . 83 On British Arachnida, noted and observed in 1908, by Rev. O. Pickard- Cam bridge, M.A., F.R.S., &c. .. .. 97 Notes on the Dorset Flora, by the Rev. E. F. Liuton, M.A. . . 11(3 The Mediaeval Floor Tiles of St. George's Church, Fordington, by the Rev. R. Grosvenor Bartelot, M.A. . . . . . . 133 Note on a Chelonian Skull from the Pui'l>eck Beds of Swanage, by A. Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S. .. .. .. 143 Returns of Rainfall, &c., in Dorset in 190S, by H. Stilwell . . 145 Tarrant Gunville, by E. A. Fry . . . . . . . . 159 The Sequence and Evolution of Architectural Styles in the Church of Fordington St. George, Dorchester, by Jem Feacey . . 164 Registrum Abbathifc de Middeltone in scaccario 197 A Register of the Abbey of Milton in the Exchequer, Translation by B. Fossett Lock, Barrister-at-Law . . . . . . 203 Interim Report on the Excavations at Maumbury Rings, Dorchester, 1909, by H. St. George Gray . . . . . . 215 Notes on some Relics of King Charles I., now in the Possession of Major J. Benett-Stanford, of Hatch House, Tisbury . . 236 Report on the First Appearances of Birds, Insects, &c., and First Flowering of Plants in Dorset during 1908, by Nelson M. Richardson, B.A. . . . . . . . . 238 Congress of Archaeological Societies . . . . . . . . 250 Some Recent and Forthcoming Books, &c. . . . . . . 252 Index to Vol. XXX. . . . . . . . . 255 INDEX TO PLATES & ENGRAVINGS. PAGE OB TO FACE PAGE. " Mock Suns," as seen from Waterson Ridge, Feb. 15, 1909 . . xxxiv. Came and Owermoigne— Plan of Stone Circle at Rempstone . . . . . . xlv. Plan of Farm at Little Mayne, Dorset . . . . . . xlvi. Tarrant Crawford Church . . . . . . . . li. Tympanum, Tarrant Rushton . . . . . . . . liii. Part of an Ancient Building at Scoles Farm . . . . Ixx. St. JEldhelm's Chapel . . . . . . . . Ixxvi. Geological Section across the Isle of Purbeck . . . . Ixxviii. The late Henry Storks Eaton, Esq. . . . . . . cvi. The Roman Villa at Hems worth . . . . . . 1 Pavement with Head of Uncertain Attribution ; Venus Pave- ment ; Hypocaust adjoining Bathroom ; Mosaic Floor of Water-bath .. .. .. .. .. 12 British and Romano -British Coins . . . . . . 58 The Old Manor House, Stratton, Dorset . . . . . . 83 Survey of the Manor of Stratton, 1649 . . . . . . 87 Old Oak Overmantel in Stratton M anor House . . . . 89 A View of Frank -pledge ; Presentments of Court Baron ; The Manor of Stratton, 1838 . . . . . . 96 British Arachnida, Plate A . . . . . . . . 97 The Mediaeval Floor Tiles of St. George's Church, Fordington— The Arms of the Family of Redvers Earls of Devon and also of the Daccombes of Dorset ; The St. Catherine Wheel ; The Quarterfoil Cross Pattern ; The Doves and Cross Pattern ; The De Redvers or Daccombe Arms ; Period I., Period II., Period III. . . . . . . . . . . 136 Chelonian Skull from Purbeck Beds, Swanage . . . . 143 The Sequence and Evolution of Architectural Stylesiin the Church of Fordington St. George, Dorchester- Plan of the Church of Fordington St. George, Dorchester, A.D 1906 .. .. .. 164 Plate No. 10 .... 166 ,, No. 7 .. .. .. .. 177 Tympanum over South Entrance Doorway 178 Plate No. 3 .. .. .. 179 No. 8 181 1*o. 2 .. .. .. .. 182 No. 9 .. .. .. .. 183 No. 4 .. .. .. .. .. 184 Xo- 6 .. .. .. .. .. 190 Excavations at Maumbury Rings — Plate I. .... .. 217 Figs. 1 and 2 . . 995 Plate II. .. ;; 227 Objects found at MaumTmry Rmps, 1909 . . . . ±29 Cast of the Face of King Charles I. now in the possession of Major Benett-Stanford . . . . 236 Gloves worn on the Scaffold by King Charles I. 237 Autograph Letter of King Charles to Prince Rupert Letter to Prince Rupert . . 237 Dorset IRatural UMstors ano antiquarian ffielo Club. INAUGURATED MAECH 26TH, 1875. Presidents : 1875-1902— J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, Esq., B.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 1902-1904— The Lord Eustace Cecil, F.R.G-.S. 1904 * Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A. Vice -Presidents : 1875-1882— Rev. H. H. Wood, M.A., F.G.S. 1875-1884— Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 1880-1900— Rev. Canon Sir Talbot Baker, Bart., M.A. 1880-1900— General Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S. 1880 * Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S. , F.Z.S. 1885 * The Right Hon. the Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S. 892-1904— Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A. 1904" 19°2 ( * T116 Lord Eustace Cecil, F.R.G.S. 1900-1909— W. H. Hudleston, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., Past Pres. Geol. Soc. 1900-1904— Vaughan Cornish, Esq., D.Sc., F.C.S., F.R.G.S. 1900 * Captain G. R. Elwes, J.P. 1902 * H. Colley March, Esq., M.D., F.S.A. 1904 * Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A. 1904 * Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A. 1904 * Rev. J. C. M. Mansel-Pleydell, M.A., R.D. 1904-190S— R. Bosworth Smith, Esq., M.A. 1908-1909— Henry Storks Eaton, Esq., M.A., Fast Pres. Roy. Met. Soc. 1909 * Rev. Canon C. H. Mayo, M.A., Dorset Editor of " Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries." 1909 * E. R. Sykes, Esq., B.A., F.Z.S., Past Pres. Halacological Soc. Hon. Secretaries : 1875-1884— Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 1885-1892— The Right Hon. the Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S. 1892-1902— Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A. 1902-1904— H. Colley March, Esq., M.D., F.S.A. 1904 * Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A. Hon. Treasurers : 1875-1882— Rev. H. H. Wood, M.A., F.G.S. 1882-1900— Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S. 1901 * Captain G. R. Elwes, J.P. Hon. Editors : 1875-1884— Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 1885-1892— The Right Hon. the Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S. 1S92- 1901— Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A. 1901-1906— Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A. 190G- 1909— Rev. Herbert Peutin, M.A. 1909 * Rev. C. W. H. Dicker. The asterisk indicates the present officials of the Club. VI. -RULES THE DORSET NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTIQUARIAN FIELD CLUB. OBJECT AND CONSTITUTION. 1.— The Club shall be called The Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club, and shall have for a short title The Dorset Field Club. The object of the Club is to promote and encourage an interest in the study of the Physical Sciences and Archaeology generally, especially the Natural History of the County of Dorset and its Antiquities, Prehistoric records, and Ethnology. It shall use its influence to prevent, as far as possible, the extirpation of rare plants and animals, and to promote the preservation of the Antiquities of the County. 1. — The Club shall consist of (i.) three Officers, President, Honorary Secretary, and Honorary Treasurer, who shall be elected annually, and shall form the Executive body for its management ; (ii.) Vice -Presidents, of whom the Honorary Secretary and Treasurer shall be two, ex officio ; (iii.) The Honorary Editor of the Annual Volume of Proceedings ; (iv.) Ordinary Members ; (v.) Honorary Members. The President, Vice -Presidents, and Editor shall form a Council to decide questions referred to them by the Executive and to elect Honorary Members. The Editor shall be nominated by one of the incoming Executive and elected at the Annual Meeting. There may also be one or more Honorary Assistant Secretaries, who shall be nominated by the Honorary Secretary, seconded by the President or Treasurer, and elected by the Members at the Annual Meeting. Members may be appointed by the remaining Officers to fill interim vacancies in the Executive Body until the following Annual Meeting. The number of the Club shall be limited to 400, power being reserved to the Council to select from the list of candidates persons, whose membership they may consider to be advantageous to the interests of the Club, to be additional Members. PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 3.— The President shall take the chair at all Meetings, and have an original and a casting vote on all questions before the Meeting. In addition to the two ex officio Vice-Presidents, at least three others shall be nominated by the President, or, in his absence, by the Chairman, and elected at the Annual Meeting. VI 1. HON. SECEETAET. 4.— The Secretary shall perform all the usual secretarial work ; cause a programme of each Meeting to be sent to every Member seven days at least before such Meeting ; make all preparations for carrying out Meetings and, with or without the help of a paid Assistant Secretary or others, conduct all Field Meetings. On any question arising between the Secretary (or Acting Secretary) and a Member at a Field Meeting, the decision of the Secretary shall be final. The Secretary shall receive from each Member his or her share of the day's expenses, and thereout defray all incidental costs and charges of the Meeting, rendering an account of the same before the Annual Meeting to the Treasurer ; any surplus of such collection shall form part of the General Fund, and any deficit be defrayed out of that Fund. Hox. TBEASTJBEB. 5. — The Treasurer shall keep an account of Subscriptions and all other moneys of the Club received and of all Disbursements, rendering at the Annual General Meeting a balance sheet of the same, as well as a general statement of the Club's finances. He shall send copies of the Annual Volume of Proceedings for each year to Ordinary Members who have paid their subscriptions for that year (as nearly as may be possible, in the order of such payment), to Honorary Members, and to such Societies and individuals as the Club may, from time to time, appoint to receive them. He shall also furnish a list at each Annual Meeting, containing the names of all Members in arrear, with the amount of their indebtedness to the Club. He shall also give notice of their election to all Xew Members. OEDINAEY MESIBEES. 6.— Ordinary Members are entitled to be present and take part in the Club's proceedings at all Meetings, and to receive the published "Proceedings" of the Club, when issued, for the year for which their subscription has been paid. 7.— Every candidate for admission shall be nominated in writing by one Member and seconded by another, to both of whom he must be personally known. He may be proposed at any Meeting, and his name shall appear in the programme of the first following Meeting at which a Ballot is held, when he shall be elected by ballot, one black ball in six to exclude. Twelve Members shall form a quorum for the purpose of election. A Ballot shall be held at the Annual and Winter Meetings, and may be held at any other Meeting, should the Executive so decide, notice being given in the programme. In the event of the number of vacancies being less than the munber of candidates at four successive Meetings, the names of any candidates proposed at the first of such Meetings who have not been elected at one of them shall be withdrawn, and shall not be eligible to be again proposed for election for at least a year after such withdrawal. Provided that if at any Meeting there shall be no vacancies available, it shall not be counted in estimating the above named four Meetings. 8.- The Annual Subscription shall be 10s., which shall become due and payable in advance on the 1st of January in each year. Subscriptions paid on election after September in each year shall be considered as subscriptions for the following year, unless otherwise agreed upon by such Member and the Treasurer. Every Member shall pay immediately after his election the sum of ten shillings as Entrance Fee, in addition to his first Annual Subscription. 9.-No person elected a Member shall be entitled to exercise any privilege as such until he has paid his Entrance Fee and first Subscription, and no Member shall be entitled to receive a copy of the " Proceedings" for any year until his Subscription for that year has been paid. 10.-A registered tetter shall be sent by the Hon. Treasurer to any Member whose Subscription is in arrear at the date of any Annual Meeting, demanding payment within 28 days, failing which he shall cease to be a Member of the Club, but shall, nevertheless, be liable for the arrears then due. 11.— Members desiring to leave the Club shall give notice of the same in writing to the Treasurer (or Secretary), but, unless such notice is given before the end of January in any year, they shall be liable to pay the Annual Subscription due to the Club on and after January 1st in that year. HONOEAEY MEMBERS. 12. — Honorary Members shall consist of persons eminent for scientific or natural history attainments, and shall be elected by the Council. They pay no subscription, and have all the privileges of Ordinary Members, except voting. MEETINGS. 13. — The Annual General Meeting shall be held as near the first week in May as may be convenient ; to receive the outgoing President's Address (if any) and the Treasurer's financial report ; to elect the Officers and Editor for the ensuing year ; to determine the number (which shall usually be three or four), dates, and places of Field Meetings during the ensuing summer, and for general purposes. 14. — Two Winter Meetings shall usually be held in or about the months of December and February for the exhibition of Objects of Interest (to which not more than one hour of the time before the reading of the Papers shall be devoted), for the reading and discussion of Papers, and for general purposes. The Dates and Places of the Winter and Annual Meetings shall be decided by the Executive. 15. — A Member may bring Friends to the Meetings subject to the following restrictions : — No person (except the husband, wife, or child of a Member), may attend the Meeting unaccompanied by the Member introducing him, unless such Member be prevented from attending by illness, and no Member may take with him to a Field Meeting more than one Friend, whose name and address must be submitted to the Hon. Secretary and approved by him or the Executive. IX. The above restrictions do not apply to the Executive or to the Acting Secretary at the Meeting. 16.— Members must give due notice (with prepayment of expenses) to the Hon. Secretary of their intention to be present, with or without a Friend, at any Field Meeting, in return for which the Secretary shall send to the Member a card of admission to the Meeting, to be produced when required. Any Member who, having given such notice, fails to attend, will be liable only for any expenses actually incurred on his account, and any balance will be returned to him on application. The sum of Is., or such other amount as the Hon. Secretary may consider necessary, shall be charged to each person attending a Field Meeting, for Incidental Expenses. 17. — The Executive may at any time call a Special General Meeting of the Members upon their own initiative or upon a written requisition (signed by Eight Members) being sent to the Honorary Secretary. Any proposition to be submitted shall be stated in the Notice, which shall be sent to each Member of the Club not later than seven days before the Meeting. PAPERS. 18. — Notice shall be given to the Secretary, a convenient time before each Meeting, of any motion to be made or any Paper or communication desired to be read, with its title and a short sketch of its scope or contents. The insertion of these in the Programme is subject to the consent of the Executive. 19. — The Publications of the Club shall be in the hands of the Executive, who shall appoint annually Three or more Ordinary Members to form with them and the Editor a Publication Committee for the purpose of deciding upon the contents of the Annual Volume. These contents shall consist of original papers and communications written for the Club, and either read, or accepted as read, at a General Meeting ; also of the Secretary's Eeports of Meetings, the Treasurer's Financial Statement and Balance Sheet, a list to date of all Members of the Club, and of those elected in the current or previous year, with the names of their proposers and seconders. The Annual Volume shall be edited by the Editor subject to the direction of the Publication Committee. 20. — Twenty -five copies of his paper shall be presented to each author whose communication shall appear in the volume as a separate article, on notice being given by him to the Publisher to that effect. THE AFFILIATION OF SOCIETIES AND LIBBARIES TO THE CLUB. 21. — Any Natural History or Antiquarian Society in the County may be affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an annual fee of Ten Shillings, in return for which the annual volume of the Proceedings of the Field Club shall be sent to such Society. X. Every affiliated Society shall send the programme of its Meetings to the Hon. Secretary of the Field Club, and shall also report any discoveries of exceptional interest. And the Field Club shall send its programme to the Hon. Secretary of each affiliated Society. The Members of the Field Club shall not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend any Meetings of affiliated Societies, and the Members of any affiliated Society shall not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend any Meetings of the Field Club. But any Member of an affiliated Society shall be eligible to read a paper or make an exhibit at the Winter Meetings of the Field Club at Dorchester. Any Public Library, or Club or School or College Library, in England or elsewhere, may be affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an annual fee of Ten Shillings, in return for which the annual volume of the Proceedings of the Field Club shall be sent to such Library. SECTIONAL COMMITTEES. 22. — Small Committees may be appointed at the Annual General Meeting to report to the Club any interesting facts or discoveries relating to the various sections which they represent ; and the Committee of each section may elect one of their Members as a Corresponding Secretary. NEW RULES. 23. — No alteration in or addition to these Eules shall be made except with the consent of a majority of three-fourths of the Members present at the Annual General Meeting, full notice of the proposed alteration or addition having been given both in the current Programme and in that of the previous Meeting. XI. Dorset Natural fbistors anfc Hntiquarian tfielfc Club. INAUGURATED MARCH IGth, 1875. President : XELSOX M. EICHAEDSOX, ESQ., B.A. Vice-Presidenls : THE LOED EUSTACE CECIL, F.E.G.S. (Past President). EEV. HEEBEET PEXTIX, M.A. (Hon. Secretary). CAPTAIN G. E. EL WES, J.P. fHon. Treasurer). EEV. J. C. M. MAXSEL-PLEYDELL, M.A., E.D. H. COLLEY MAECH, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A. EEV. CANON MAYO, M.A., Dorset Editor of " Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries." EEV. W. MILES BAEXES, B.A. EEV. 0. PICKAED-CAMBEIDGE, M.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S. THE EIGHT HON. THE EARL OF MOEAY, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S. E. E. SYKES, Esq., B.A., F.Z.S. (Past frcs. Malacological Society). Hon. Editor : Bev. C. W. H. DICKER, Pydeltrenthide Vicarage, Dorchester. Executive Body : XELSON M. EICHARDSON, Esq., B.A. (President). Eev. HERBERT PENTIN, M.A. (Hun. Keeretaryj , Milton Abbey Vicarage, Blaudford. Captain G. E. ELWBS, J.P. (Hon. Treasurer), Bossington, Bournemouth. Publication Committee : The EXECUTIVE, The HON. EDITOR, H. B. MIDDLETON, Esq., Dr. COLLEY MARCH, and E. E. SYKES, Esq. Honorary Members: O.M. W. CARRUTHERS, Esq., Ph.D., F.E.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., British Museum (Xat. Hist.), South Kensington. 1888 Eev. OSMOND FISHER, M.A., F.G.S., Graveley, Huntingdon. 1889 A. M. WALLIS, Esq., 29, Mallams, Portland. 1900 A. J. JUKES-BROWNE, Esq., B.A., F.E.S., F.G.S., Floriston, Torre, Torquay. 1900 E. LYDEKKER, Esq., F.E.S., The Lodge, Harpenden, Herts. 1900 CLEMENT EEID, Esq., F.E.S., 28, Jermyii Street, London, S.W. 1900 A. SMITH WOODWARD, Esq., LL.D., F.E.S., F.G.S., British Museum (Xat. Hist.), South Kensington, London. 1904 Sir WM. THISELTON DYER, K.C.M.G., C.I.E., F.E.S., The Fenis, Witcombe, Gloucester. 1904 Sir FREDERICK TREVES, Bart., G.C.V.O., C.B., LL.D., Thatched House Lodge, Eichmond Park, Kingston-on-Thames. 1905 THOMAS HARDY, Esq., LL.D., Max Gate, Dorchester. 1909 ALFRED EUSSEL WALLACE, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.E.S., Broadstoue. Xll. LIST OF MEMBERS OF THB porset ^laturaC Jbisfor^ & Antiquarian @Cu6. Tear of Election. (The initials " 0.J/." signify " Original Member.") 1903 The Most Hon. the Marquis of Salisbury 1903 The Most Hon. the Marchioness of Salisbury O.M. The Eight Hon. the Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S. ( Vice- President) 1902 The Right Hon. the Earl of Shaftesbury 1884 The Eight Hon. Lord Eustace Cecil, Y.'R.Gr.?,. (Vice-President) 1903 The Eight Hon. the Lady Eustace Cecil 1904 The Eight Eeverend the Lord Bishop of Durham, D.D. 1890 The Eight Eeverend the Lord Bishop of Salisbury, D.D., LL.D. 1892 The Eight Eeverend the Lord Bishop of Worcester,D.D., F.S.A 1889 The Eight Hon. Lord Digby 1895 The Eight Hon. Lord Walsing- ham, F.E.S. 1903 The Eight Hon. Lord Chelmsford 1907 The Eight Hon. Lord Wynford 1907 The Eight Hon. Lady Wynford 1893 Acland, Captain John E., M.A. 1892 Acton, Eev. Edward, B.A. 1899 Aldridge, Mrs. Selina 1892 Allhusen, Wilton, Esq. 1907 Allner, Mrs. George 1908 Almack, Eev. A. C., M.A. The Manor House, Cranborne The Manor House, Cranborne Kinfauns Castle, Perth, N.B. St. Giles, Wimborne Lytchett Heath, Poole Lytchett Heath, Poole Auckland Castle, Bishop's Auckland The Palace, Salisbury . Hartlebury Castle, Kidderminster Minterne, Dorchester Merton Hall, Thetford, Norfolk Governor's House, Brisbane, Queens- land, Australia Wynford Eagle, Dorset Wynford Eagle, Dorset Wollaston House, Dorchester Iwerne Minster Vicarage, Blandford Denewood, Alum Chine Eoad, Bourne- mouth Pinhay, Lyme Eegis National Provincial Bank, Sturminster Newton The Eectory, Blandford St. Mary xiii. 1906 Atkins, F. T., Esq., M.R.C.S., L.E.C.P. Ed. 1907 Atkinson, George T., Esq., M.A. 1907 Badcoe, A. C., Esq., B.Sc. 1902 Baker, Sir E. Eaudolf, Bart. 1887 Bankes, W. Albert, Esq. 1884 Baukes, Eustace Ealph, Esq., M.A., F.E.S. 1887 Baukes, Eev. Canon, M.A. 1906 Bankes, Mrs. 1902 Barkworth, Edmund, Esq. 1904 Barlow, Major C. M. 1894 Barnes, Mrs. John lies 1889 Barnes, Eev. W. M., B.A. (Vice- f resident) 1903 Barnes, F. J., Esq. 1903 Barnes, Mrs. F. J. 1884 Barrett, W. Bowles, Esq. 1906 Barrow, Eichard, Esq. 1895 Bartelot, Eev. E. Grosvenor, M.A. 1886 Baskett, Eev. C. E. 1893 Baskett, S. E., Esq. 1904 Baskett, Mrs. S. E. 1909 Batten, Col. J. Mount, C.B., Lord-Lieutenant of Dorset 1889 Batten, H. B., Esq. 1888 Beckford, F. J., Esq. 1903 Bellhouse, Miss M. 1908 Benett- Stanford, Major J., F.E.G.S., F.Z.S. 1908 Blake, Colonel A. M., C.B. O.M. Bond, N., Esq. 1903 Bond, Gerald Denis, Esq. 1906 Bond, Nigel de M., Esq., M.A. 1898 Bond, Wm. H., Esq. 1903 Bond, Wm. Ealph G., Esq. 1894 Bonsor, Geo., Esq. 1889 Bower, H. Syudercombe, Esq. 1900 Bower, Eev. Charles H. S., M.A. 1893 Brandreth, Eev. F. W., M.A. 1901 Breunand, John, Esq. 1885 Brenuand, W. E., Esq. Cathay, AlumhurstEoad, Bournemouth Durlstou Court, Swanage County Education Office, Dorchester Eanston, Blandford Wolfeton House, Dorchester Norden House, Corfe Castle, Wareham The Close, Salisbury Kingston Lacy, Wimbonie South House, Piddletrenthide Southcot, Charmiuster Summerhayes, Blandford Weymouth Avenue, Dorchester Eodwell, Weymouth Bod well, Weymouth 2, Belfield Terrace, Weymouth Sorrento House, Sandecotes, Parkstone Fordington St. George Vicarage, Dorchester Monkton Eectory, Dorchester Evershot Evershot Mornington Lodge, West Kensington Aldon, Yeovil Witley, Parkstone Clovelly, Eodwell, Weymouth Hatch House, Tisbury, Wilts Warmwell House, Dorchester Hokne, Wareham Holme, Wareham 83, Coleherne Court, London, S.W. Tyneham, Wareham Tyueham, Wareham The Gables, Spetisbury Fontmell Parva, Shillingstone, Bland - ford Childe Okeford, Shillingstone, Dorset Buckland Xewton, Dorchester Belmont, Parkstone Blaudford XIV. 1905 Bromley, Miss 1900 Brown, Miss 1891 Browning, Benjamin, Esq., M.D., D.P.H., Staff-Surgeon R.N., Fellow of the Sanitary Institute of Great Britain 1895 Brymer, Rev. J. G., M.A. 1907 Bulfin, Ignatius, Esq. 1900 Bullen, Colonel John Bullen Symes 1894 Burt, Miss Emma 1907 Bury, Mrs. Henry 1897 Busk, W., Esq.. A.R.C.A. 1905 Busk, W. G., Esq. 1905 Busk, Mrs. W. G. 1901 Bussell, Miss Katherine 1903 Butler-Bowden, Mrs. Bruno 1906 Butt, Rev. Walter, M.A. 1891 Carter, William, Esq. 1893 Chadwick, Mrs. 1905 Chadwyck-Healey, C. E. H., Esq., M.A., K.C.. C.B., F.S.A. 1903 Champ, A., Esq. 1897 Chudleigh, Mrs. 1894 Church, Colonel Arthur 1904 Clapcott, Miss 1892 Clarence, Lovell Burchett, Esq. 1905 Clark, Mrs. E. S. 1895 Clarke, R. Stanley, Esq. 1883 Colfox, Miss A. L. 1878 Colfox, T. A., Esq. 1905 Collins, Stephen, Esq., M.P. 1907 Collins, Wm. W., Esq., R.I. 1905 Colville, H. K., Esq. 1904 Coney, Major Wm. Bicknell 1902 Cornish, Rev. W. F., M.A. 1903 Cornish -Browne, C. J., Esq. LS91 Cother, Rev. P. L., M.A. 1900 Cox, Henry, Esq., F.S.A., F.R.G.S., M.J.S. 1901 Crallau, G. E. J., Esq., M.B. Grange, Florence Road, Boscombe, Bournemouth Belle Vue, Shaftesbury Bec-en-Hent, Sidmouth, Devon Ilsington House, Puddletown The Den, Knole Hill, Bournemouth Catherston Leweston, near Charmouth Purbeck House, Swanage May field House, Farnham, Surrey West Walks, Dorchester Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dorchester Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dorchester Thorneloe, Bridport Upwey House, Upwey Oak wood, Chepstow The Hermitage, Parkstone Westfield, Cornwall Road, Dorchester Wyphurst, Craiileigh, Surrey St. Katherine's, Bridport West Parley Rectory, Wimborne St. Alban's, Rodwell, Weymouth South Walks, Dorchester Coaxden, Axminster St. Aldhelm's, Wareham Evershot, Dorchester Westmead, Bridport Coneygar, Bridport Harborne, St. Ann's Hill, Wands- worth, S.W. Corfe Castle Loders Court, Bridport Martinstown, Dorchester Steepleton Rectory, Dorchester Came House, Dorchester 1, Cleannount, Weymouth Radipole Manor, near Weymouth The Elms, Park&tone 1886 Crespi, A. J. H., Esq., B.A., M.E.C.P. 1909 Crickmay, Harry W., Esq. 188-i Cross, Rev. James, M.A. 1890 Cull, James, Esq. 1885 Curme, Decimus, Esq., M.R.C.S. 1896 Curtis, C. H., Esq. 1897 Curtis, Wilfrid Parkinson, Esq. 1903 Dacombe, J. M. J., Esq. 1907 Daniell, G. H. S., Esq., M.B. 1907 Dauiell, Miss Margaret O.M. Darell, D., Esq., F.G.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S. 1904 Davies, Rev. Canon S. E., M.A. 1894 Davis, Geo., Esq. 1909 Day, Cyril D., Esq. 1904 Deane, Mrs. A. M. 1904 Dicker, Rev. C. W. H., R.D., F.R.G.S. (Hon. Editor) 1907 Dicker, Miss Eleanor H. 1903 Digby, Captain H. Montague 1906 Dixon, J. R. L., Esq., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Ed. 1906 Dodd, Frank Wm., Esq., M.Inst.C.E. 1908 Dodington, H. P. Marriott, Esq., 1908 Tominy, G. H., Esq., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. 1904 Dugdale, J. B., Esq. 1901 Duke, Mrs. E. B. 1905 Duke, Henry, Esq. 1905 Duke, Mrs. Henry 1907 Duke. Miss M. Constance 1908 Duke, Mrs. E. Barnaby 1896 Dundas, Yen. Archdeacon, M.A. 1885 Elwcs, Captain G. R. (Vice- President and Hon. Treasurer) 1905 Evans, Miss Annie Elizabeth Cooma, Poole Road, Wimborne Maybury, 12, Greenhill Gardens, Weymouth Baillie House, Stumainster Marshall, Wimborne 47, Phillimore Gardens, Campden Hill, London, W. Childe Okeforcl, Blandford Blandford Aysgarth, Parkstone Road, Poole 2", Holdenhurst Road, Bournemouth Dale House, Blandford Dale House, Blandford Hillfield House, Stoke Fleming, Dart- mouth, Devon Wyke Regis Rectory, Weymouth Sunbeams, Icon Way, Dorchester Downing College, Cambridge Clay Hill House, near Gillingham Piddletreuthide Vicarage, Dorchester Piddletrenthide Vicarage, Dorchester Chalmington House, Cattistock, Dor- chester Sherbrook, Christchurch Road, Bourne- mouth Connaught Road, Weymouth Castle Gardens, Wareham Milton Abbas, Blandford Sandford, Wareham Maen, Dorchester Clandon, Dorchester Clandon, Dorchester The Limes, Dorchester Maen, Dorchester Charminster Vicarage, Dorchester Bossington, Bournemouth Claudon, Dorchester 1886 Falkner, C. G., Esq., M.A. 1884 Farley, Eev. H., M.A. 1903 Fairer, Colonel Philip 1905 Feacey, Jem, Esq. 1904 Ffooks, Mrs. E. Archdall 1904 Fielding, Thos., Esq., M.D. 1892 Filleul, Kev. S. E. V., M.A. 1889 Filliter, George Clavell, Esq. 1898 Filliter, Rev. W. D., M.A. 1901 Fisher, Mrs. J. F. 1907 Fisher, Miss Lorna S. 1906 Fisher, Harry, Esq. 1S90 Fletcher, W. H. B., Esq. O.M. Fletcher, W. J., Esq., F.R.I.B.A. 1906 Fletcher. Mrs. W. J. 1907 Fletcher, Rev. J. M. J., M.A. 1885 Floyer, G. W., Esq., B.A. 1895 Forbes, Mrs. 1897 Forde, Henry, Esq. 1893 Forrester, Hugh Carl, Esq., B.A. 1893 Forrester, Mrs. James 1908 Forster, Mrs. Percy 1878 Freame, R., Esq. 1895 Fry, Edward Alexander, Esq. 1903 Fry, George S., Esq. 1893 Fullaway, Mrs. O.M. Galpin, G., Esq. 1893 George, Mrs. 1908 Gildea, Miss M. 1906 Girdlestone, Mrs. 1890 Glyn, Captain Carr Stuart 189S Glyn, Lieut. -General J. P. Carr O.M. Glyn, Sir R. G., Bart. 1895 Godman, F. du Cane, Esq., F.R.S. 1883 Gorringe, Rev. P. R., M.A. 1903 Gorringe, Mrs. P. R. 1906 Gowring, Mrs. B. W. 1908 Greenwood, Arthur, Esq. , L.M. S. , L.S.A 1838 Greves, Hyk, Esq., M.D. Ireton Bank, Rusholme, Manchester Lytchett Minster, Poole Binnegar Hall, Wareham Culliford Road, Dorchester Fennain House, Sherborne Milton Abbas, Blandford All Saints' Rectory, Dorchester St. Martin's House, Wareham East Lulworth Vicarage, Wareham Vines Close, Wimborne West Walks, Dorchester The Rosery, Florence Road, Boscombe, Bournemouth Aldwick Manor, Bognor, Sussex The Chantry, Wimborne The Chantry, Wimbonie The Vicarage, Wimborne Minster West Stafford, Dorchester Shillingstone, Blandford Luscombe, Parkstone St. John's Cottage, Shaftesbury Westport, Wareham Russetts, Dorchester. The Chantry, Gilliiigham 124, Chancery Lane, London, W.C. 11, The Hawthorns, Church End, Finchley Childe Okeford, Blandford Clarendon Court, Clarendon Road, Bournemouth Fleet House, near Weymouth Upwey Rectory, Dorchester. The Comer House, Alum Hurst Road West Bournemouth Wood Leaze, Wimbonie North Leigh, Wimborne Gaunts House, Wimborne Lower Beeding, Horsham Mauston Rectorj-, Blandford Manston Rectory, Blandford 49, High West Street, Dorchester 32, Dorchester Road, Weymouth Rodney House, Bournemouth XV11. 1904 Groves, Herbert J., Esq. 1906 Groves, Miss 1906 Gundry, Joseph, Esq. 1895 Haggard, Kev. H. A., M.A. 1906 Hall, Miss Maude 1903 Hambro, Sir Everard, K.C.V.O. 1905 Hambro, C. Eric, Esq. 1893 Haiikey, Rev. Canon, M.A., R.D. 1890 Harrison, Rev. F. T., M.A. 1897 Harston, Comdr. F. A. (late R. N.) 1896 Hart-Dyke, Rev. Canon P., M.A. 1900 Hasluck, Rev. Ernest, M.A. 1893 Hassell, Miss 1894 Hawkins, W., Esq., M.R.C.S. 1903 Hawkins, Mrs. H. 1903 Hawkins, Miss Isabel 1908 Hawkins, Rev. H. 1893 Hayne, R., Esq. 1889 Head, J. Merrick, Esq., M.R.I.A., F.R.G.S., F.P.S. 1905 Heath, F. R., Esq. 1905 Heath, Sidney H. S., Esq. 1899 Henning, Mrs. 1906 Higginbotham, J. C., Esq. (" Orme Agnus ") 1901 Hill, R. E., Esq. 1902 Hine, R., Esq. 1902 Homer, Miss E. C. Wood 1907 Homer, Mrs. G. Wood 1888 Huntley, H. E., Esq. 1906 Jameson, Mrs. 1903 Jenkins, Rev. T. Leonard, M.A. 1893 Kerr, E. W., Esq., M.D. 1395 Lafoutaine, A. C. de, Esq., F.S.A. 1902 Langdon, Miss M. 1876 Langford, Rev. Canon, M.A. 1901 Lee, W. H. Markham, Esq., I.S.M. 1907 Lees, Captain Edgar, R.X. 1907 Lees, Mrs. Edgar 1900 Legge, Miss Jane Clifton, Weymouth Thickthorne, Broadwey, Dorset Wales House, Prince of Wales Road, Dorchester Molash Vicarage, Canterbury King's Stagg, Sturminster Newton Milton Abbey, Dorset 70, Prince's Gate, London, S.W. Maiden Xewtou Rectory, Dorchester Burton Bradstock Rectory, Bridport Kewlands, Glendinning Avenue, Wey- mouth Lullingstone, Wimborne Handley Vicarage, Salisbury Westfield Lodge, Parkstone Broadwey, Dorchester Rew House, Martinstown, Dorchester Wyke, Sherborne 1, Westerhall, Weymouth Fordington House, Dorchester Pennsylvania Castle, Portland The Woodlands, Weymouth Upwey, Dorchester Frome, Dorchester Northport House, Wareham Long Lynch, Childe Okeford Beammster Bardolf Manor, Puddletown Bardolf Manor, Puddletown Charlton House, Blandford Keiimare, Prince of Wales Road, Dorchester Leigh Vicarage, Sherborne South Street, Dorchester Athelhampton, Dorchester Parrock's Lodge, Chard Belle Vue, Higher Hooe, Plymouth Wyke Regis, Weymouth The Manor House, Upwey The Manor House, Upwey Allington Villa, Bridport XV111. 1899 Le Jeune, HM Esq. 1900 Leslie, Rev. E. C., M.A. 1902 Lewis, Eev. A., M.A. 1894 Lhiklater, Rev. Prebendary, D.D. 1890 Lister, Miss Gulielma 1905 Llewelliu, W., Esq., M.A. 1900 Lock, Mrs. A. H. 1892 Lock, B. Fossett, Esq. 1893 Lock, Miss Mary C. 1905 Lush, Mrs. W. Vawdrey 1901 Lys, F. D., Esq., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. 1888 Macdonald, P. W., Esq., M.D. 1902 Mainwaring, Lieut. -Col. F. (Jr. L. 1890 Manger, A. T., Esq. 1907 Mansel, Miss Susan 1894 Mansel -Pleydell, Mrs. 1899 Mansel-Pleydell, Rev. J. C. M., M.A., R.D. (rice-President) 1893 March, H. Colley, Esq., M.D., F.S.A., M.R.S.A.I., F.A.I. ( J'ice-Presidftit) 1883 Marriott, Sir W. Smith, Bart. 1904 Marsh, J. L., Esq. 1907 Mate, C. H., Esq. 1879 Maunsell, Rev. F. W., M.A. O.M. Mayo, Rev. Canon, M.A., R.D. ( Vice- President) 1902 Mayo, Miss B. 1907 Michell, Theo. Esq. O.M. Middleton, H. B., Esq. 1909 Middleton, Miss A. 1900 Middleton, Miss L. M. 1890 Milne, Rev. Percy H., M.A. O.M. Moorhead, J., Esq., M.A., M.D. 1905 Morgan, Mrs. 1893 Morrice, G. G., Esq., M.A., M.D. 1897 Moulliii, Arthur D., Esq. 1908 Nettleton, Spencer, Esq. 1909 Newnham, H. S., Esq. St. Ives, Upper Parkstone, Dorset Came Rectory, Dorchester Chardstock Vicarage, Chard Stroud Green Vicarage, London, N. High Cliffe, Lyme Regis Upton House, Poole 53, High West Street, Dorchester 11, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, London 53, High West Street, Dorchester Arnmore, Upper Laiisdowne Road, Bournemouth Highclere, Rodwell, Weymouth Herrison, Dorchester Wabey House, Upwey Stock Hill, Gillingham Top-o'-Town, Dorchester Longthorns, Blandford Sturminster Newton Vicarage, Bland - ford Portesham, Dorchester The Down House, Blandford White Cliff Mill Street, Blandford Elim, Surrey Road South, Bourne- mouth Symondsbury Rectory, Bndport Long Burton Vicarage, Sherborne Friar Waddon, Dorchester Trewirgie, Wellington Road, Bourne- mouth Bradford Peverell, Dorchester Bradford Peverell, Dorchester Cliff Cabin, Worbarrow, Wareham Horublotton Rectory, Castle Gary Bournemouth Haselbury Bryan Rectory, Blandford 17, Royal Terrace, Weymouth Fermain, Cranbourue Road, Swauage West Lul worth, Wareham Wilts and Dorset Bank, Dorchester XIX. 1905 Nicholson, Captain Hugh 1906 Oke, A. W., Esq. 1886 Okeden, Colonel U. E. Parry 1903 Okeden, Edmund Parry, Esq. 1908 Oliver, Vere L., Esq. 1908 Oliver, Mrs. Vere L. 1904 Oliver, Weston, Esq., M.A. 1905 Ord, W. T., Esq., M.E.C.S. L.E.C.P. 1905 Page, Thomas, Esq. 1905 Page, Mrs. T. 1905 Paget, Miss Adelaide 1905 Parkinson, Miss M. B. 1890 Patey, Miss 1908 Patterson, Mrs. Myles 1907 Paul, Edward Clifford, Esq., M.A. 1907 Paul, Mrs. Edward Clifford 1894 Payne, Miss Florence O. 1906 Pearce, Mrs. Thos. A. 1901 Peck, Gerald E., Esq. 1878 Penny, Eev. J., M.A. 1894 Penny-Snook, S., Esq., M.E.C.S., L.E.C.P. 1907 Penny-Snook, Mrs. S. 1901 Pentin, Eev. Herbert, M.A. ( rice- President and Hon. Secretary) 1894 Peto, Sir Henry, Bart. 1896 Phillips, Miss 1903 Phillips, Eev. C. A., M.A. 1393 Pickard-Cambrulge, A. W., Esq. M.A. O.M. Pickard - Cambridge, Eev. 0., M. A., F.E.S. ( rice-President) 1908 Pickard-Cambridge, Miss Ada 1903 Pickard-Cambridge, Miss Catherine 1903 Pike, Leonard G., Esq. 1933 Pitt-Eivers, A. L. Fox, Esq., F.S.A. Nettlecombe, Melplash, E.S.O. 32, Denmark Villas, Hove, Sussex Turnworth, Blandford Turnworth, Blandford Greenhill House, Weymouth Greenhill House, Weymouth Castle House, Weymouth Greenstead, 14, Madeira Eoad, Bourne- mouth Trevissome, Parkstone Eoad, Poole Trevissome, Parkstone Eoad, Poole Park Homer, Wimborne Oaklands, Wimbome Holmlea, Lincoln Southover, Tolpuddle, Dorchester Eastbrook House, Upwey Eastbrook House, Upwey Eydal, Wimborne Ivythorpe, Dorchester East Looe, Parkstone -on -Sea Tarrant Eushton Rectory, Blandford Xetherton House, Weymouth Netherton House, Weymouth Milton Abbey Vicarage, Blandford Chediiigton Court, Misterton, S.O., Somerset Okeford Fitzpaine Eectory, Shilling- stoiie Okeford Fitzpaine Eectory, Shilling- stone St. Catherine's, Headington Hill, Ox- ford Bloxworth Eectory, Wareham Picardy, Eodwell, Weymouth Picardy, Eodwell, Weymouth Kingbarrow, Wareham Hiiiton St. Mary, Blandford 1904 Plowman, Eev. L. S. 1896 Pond, S., Esq. 1894 Pouting, Chas. E., Esq., F.S.A. 1903 Poole, Rev. Sealey, M.A. O.M. Pope, Alfred, Esq., F.S.A. 1906 Pope, Alfred Eolph, Esq., M.A. 1906 Pope, Mrs. Alfred Rolph 1905 Pope, Miss Hilda 1900 Pope, George, Esq. 1909 Pope, Francis S., I.C.S. 1909 Pownall, Rev. B. C., M.A. 1909 Pratt, Colonel, R.A. 1896 Prideaux, C. S., Esq., L.D.S. 1900 Prideaux, W. de C., Esq.. L.D.S. 1905 Priugle, Henry T., Esq., M.D. 1905 Pringle, Mrs. Henry T. 1888 Pye, William, Esq. 1888 Radclyffe, Eustace, Esq. 1905 Ramsden, Mrs. 1906 Ransford, Colonel O.M. Ravenhill, Eev. Canon, M.A. 1905 Raymond, F., Esq. 1906 Raymond, Mrs. F. 1899 Rendell, W. F., Esq. 1886 Reynolds, Mrs. Arthur 1904 Rhydderch, Rev. W. 1887 Richardson, N. M., Esq., B.A. (President) 1901 Ridley, Rev. J. 1890 Robinson, Sir Charles, C.B., F.S.A, 1886 Rodd, Edward Stanhope, Esq. 1907 Roe, Miss M. M. E. 1909 Roe, Rev. Wilfrid T., M.A. 1907 Roper, Freeman, Esq. 1909 Rowston, Robert, Esq. 1889 Russell, Colonel C. J., R.E. 1906 Samson, Miss E. A. 1905 Sanderson-Wells, T. H., Esq., M.D. 1905 Saunt, Miss 1905 Saunt Miss B. V. 18S9 Schuster, Rev. W. P., M.A. Ibberton Rectory, Blandford Blandford Wye House, Marlborough Chickerell Rectory, Weymouth South Court. Dorchester Culliford House, Dorchester Culliford House, Dorchester South Court, Dorchester Weston Hall, Bournemouth 17, Holland Road, London, W. 12, Grange Road, Weymouth The Ferns, Charmiiister Ermiugton, Dorchester 12, Frederick Place, Weymouth Ferndown, Wimborne Ferndowu, Wimborne Dunmore, Rodwell, Weymouth Hyde, Wareham Great Bidlake, Bridestow, N. Devon Talavera, Dorchester Road, Weymouth Southlea, Queen's Avenue, Dorchester Garryowen, Dorchester Garry o wen, Dorchester Hallow Dene, Parkstone Wyndcroft, Bridport Owermoigne Rectory, Dorchester Montevideo, Chickerell, near Wey- mouth The Rectory, Pulham, Dorchester Xewton Manor, Swanage Chardstock House, Chard Sandford Orcas Rectory, Sherbonie Sandford Orcas Rectory, Sherbonie Forde Abbey, Chard Casterbridge, Dorchester Clavinia, Weymouth Elwell Lea, Upwey 16, Victoria Terrace, Weymouth Buxton, Rodwell, Weymouth Buxton, Rodwell, Weymouth The Vicarage, West Lulworth, Ware- ham XXI. 1907 Scott, J. H., Esq., M.E. 1904 Seaman, Rev. C. E., M.A. 1883 Searle, Alan, Esq. 1906 Shephard, Col. C. S., D.S.O. 1896 Shepheard, Thomas, Esq., F.B.M.S. 1906 Shepherd, Rev. F. J. 1903 Sheridan, Mrs. A. T. Brinsley 18S4 Sherren, J. A., Esq., F.E. Hist. S. 1908 Shortt, Miss E. F. 1908 Shortt, Miss L. M. 1897 Simpson, Jas., Esq. 1895 Simpson, Miss 1906 Smith, Mrs. Alfred 1899 Smith, Howard Lyon, Esq., L.B.C.P. 1909 Smith, Nowell C., Esq., M.A. 1908 Smith, Mrs. Spencer 1888 Solly, Rev. H. Shaen, M.A. 1901 Sotheby, Rev. W. E. H., M.A., R.D. 1909 South, H. E. , Esq. , Fleet Surgeon R.N. retired 1900 Stephens, W. L., Esq. 1905 Stephens, J. Thompson, Esq. 1908 Stephens, A. N., Esq. 1903 Stilwell, H., Esq. 1900 Storer, Colonel, late R.E. 1900 Stopford, Admiral 1895 Sturdy, Leonard, Esq. 1896 Sturdy, Philip, Esq. 1902 Sturdy, Miss Violet 1907 Sturdy, Alan, Esq. 1905 Sturdy, E. T., Esq. 1898 Sturt, W. Neville, Esq. 1893 Suttill, H. S., Esq. 1905 Suttill, John, Esq. Ardrossan, Sedgley, Bournemouth Stalbridge Rectory, Blandford Ashton Lodge, Bassett, Southampton Shorttake, Osmington, Weymouth Kingsley, Bournemouth West Dorchester Frampton Court, Dorchester Helmsley, Weymouth The Manor House, Martinstown The Manor House, Martinstown Minterne Grange, Parkstone 12, Greenhill, Weymouth Newton House, Sturminster Newton Buckland House, Buckland Newton, Dorchester School House, Sherborne Kingston Vicarage, Wareham Southcote, Alexandra Road, Park- stone Gillingham Vicarage, Dorset Manor House, Moreton Thornleigh, St. Andrew's Road, Bridport Wanderwell, Bridport Haddon House, West Bay, Bridport Steepleton Manor, Dorchester Keavil, Bournemouth Shroton House, Blandford Trigon, Wareham The Wick, Branksome, near Bourne- mouth The Wick, Branksome, near Bourne- mouth The Wick, Branksome, near Bourne- mouth Norburton, Burton Bradstock, Bridport Baytree Farm, Great Horkesley, Col- chester Pymore, Bridport 24, West Street, Bridport XXII. 1909 Swaffield, A. Owen, Esq. 1908 Swaffield, B. H. 0. Owen, Esq. 1893 Sykes, E. B., Esq., B.A., F.Z.S. ( Vice -President) 18S9 Symes, G. P., Esq., M.A., B.C.L., M.V.O. 1904 Symoncls, Arthur G., Esq. 1904 Symonds, Henry, Esq. 1901 Telfordsmith, Telford, Esq., M.A., M.D. O.M. Thompson, Rev. G., M.A. 1906 Thomson, Chas. Bertram, Esq., F.R.C.S. 1907 Tims, E. M., Esq., R.N. (retired) 1907 Tims, Mrs. E. M. 1907 Towers, Miss 1898 Troyte -Bullock, Mrs. 1905 Truell, Mrs. O.M. Udal, J. S., Esq., F.S.A. 1908 Udal, N. R., Esq., B.A. 1897 Usher, Rev. R., M.A., F.L.S. 1890 Usherwood, Rev. Canon T. E., M.A. 1907 Waite, Arthur H., Esq. 1887 Walker, Rev. S. A., M.A. 1905 Ward, Samuel, Esq. O.M. Warre, Rev. Canon F., M.A. 1904 Warry, Mrs. King 1904 Warry, Wm., Esq. 1905 Watkins, Wm., Esq. O.M. Watts, Rev. Canon, M.A. 1905 Watts, Miss 1893 Weaver, Rev. F. W., M.A., F.S.A. 1905 Webb, H. N., Esq. 1904 Westcott, Rev. Canon F. B., M.A. 1909 Whistler, Rev. C. W., M.R.C.S. 1895 Whitby, Joseph, Esq. 1908 Whitby, Mrs. J. 1904 Wildman, W. B., Esq., M.A. 5, Lansdowne Square, Rodwell, Wey- mouth 1 , Lansdowne Terrace, Weymouth Fairoaks, Addlestone, Surrey Monksdene, Weymouth 10, South Street, Dorchester Roundham, Bridport Romansleigh, Wimborne Highbury, Bodorgan Road, Bourne- mouth Romansleigh, Wimborne Winfrith House, Winfrith Winfrith House, Winfrith Whicham, Porchester Road, Bourne- mouth Silton Lodge, Zeals, Bath Onslow, Wimborne Symondsbury, near Bridport Gordon College, Khartoum Netherbury, Beaminster Parkstone Upwey Place, Upwey Charlton Manor, Blandford Ingleton, Greenhill, Weymouth Bemerton, Salisbury 39, Filey Avenue, Upper Clapton, London, N. Westrow, Holwell, Sherborne 62, London Wall, E.G. Bemerton, Salisbury Bemerton, Salisbury Milton Vicarage, Evercreech, Somerset Bibury Cottage, Osborn Road, Brank- some Park, Bournemouth St. Aldhelm's, Paignton, Devon Chesilbome Rectory, Dorchester Preston, Yeovil Preston, Yeovil The Abbey House, Sherborne XX111. 1892 Williams, E. W., Esq., B.A. 1903 Williams, Captain Berkeley C. W. 1897 Williams, Miss F. L. 1884 Williams, Col. Robert, M.P. 1884 Williams, Mrs. Robert 1908 Williams, Miss Rhoda 1906 Williams, Miss Meta 1903 Willis, Mrs. A. Ratcliffe 1905 Wills, A. W., Esq., M.P. 1906 Winwood, T. H. R., Esq., M.A. 1898 Woodhouse, Miss 1903 Woodhouse, Miss Ellen E. 1906 Woodhouse, Frank D., Esq. 1906 Woodhouse, Mrs. Frank D. 1902 Wright, Rev. Herbert L.. B.A. 1904 Yates, Robert, Esq. 1893 Young, E. W., Esq. Herringston, Dorchester Herringston, Dorchester Westleaze, Dorchester Bridehead, Dorchester Bridehead, Dorchester Bridehead, Dorchester South Walk, Dorchester Bendemeer, Parkstone 3, Hyde Park Gate, London, S.W. High Littleton House, High Littleton, Bristol Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary Church Knowle Rectory, Corfe Castle Delcombe, Milton Abbas, Blandford Dorchester The above list includes the New Members elected up to and including the August meeting of the year 1909. (Any omissions or errors should be notified to the Hon. Secretary.) xxv. ELECTED SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF THE LIST CONTAINED IN VOL. XXIX. Seconder. The Rev. P. Gorringe R. PEOPOSED ON SEPT. 15TH, 1908. Nominee. Proposer. The Rev. A. C. Almack, M.A., of The Rev. J. Cross The Rectory, Blandford St. Mary N. R. Udal, Esq., B.A., of Gordon The Hou. J. S. The Hon. Secretary College, Khartoum Udal PROPOSED ON DEC. lOra, 1908. Nominee. Proposer. Seconder. The Rev. N. W. Gresley, M.A., of The Rev. R. Gros- Captain J. E. Acland Gresford, Dorchester venor Bartelot Miss A. Middletou, of Bradford H. B. Middleton, The Hon. Secretary Peverell, Dorchester Esq. Fiancis J. Pope, Esq., I.C.S., of Alfred Pope, Esq. Henry Symonds, Esq. 17, Holland Road, London, W. Nominee. Colonel J. Mount Batten (Lord- Lieutenant of Dorset), of Morn- ington Lodge, West Kensington Harry W. Crickmay, Esq., of May bury, 12, Greenhill Gardens, Weymouth The Rev. B. C. Pownall, M.A., of 12, Grange Road, Weymouth Colonel Pratt, R.A., of The Ferns, Charminster The Rev. Wilfrid T. Roe, M.A., of Sandford Orcas Rectory, Sher- borne R. Rowston, Esq., of Casterbridge, Dorchester The Rev. C. W. Whistler, M.R.C.S., of Chesilborne Rectory, Dor- chester PEOPOSED ON FEB. 18TH, 1909. Proposer. The President Seconder. The Hon. Treasurer Lord Eustace Cecil Alfred Pope, Esq. S. Ward, Esq. Albert Bankes, Esq. Canon C. H. Mayo Captain J. E. Ac- land Miss E. Simpson Captain J. E. Acland Miss M. M. E. Roe The Rev. S. E. V. Filleul C. S. Pndeaux, Esq. XXV. PROPOSED ON MAY 4-ra, 1909. Nominee. Proposer. Seconder. Cyril D. Day, Esq., of Downing Captain J. E. Ac- VV. Busk, Esq. College, Cambridge land H. S. Newnham, Esq., of the Wilts ,, C. S. Prideaux, Esq. and Dorset Bank, Dorchester H. E. South, Esq., Fleet-Surgeon The Rev. W.Rhyd- E. M. Tims, Esq. R.N. (retired), of the Manor derch House, Moreton PROPOSED ON JULY 22ND, 1909. Nominee. Proposer. Seconder. A. Owen Swaffield, Esq., of 5, Colonel Ransford The Rev. P. L. Lansdowne Square, Rodwell, Cother Weymouth PEOPOSED ON JULY 27TH, 1909. Nominee. Proposer. Seconder. Xowell C. Smith, Esq.,M.A., of the W. B. Wildinaii, The Hon. Secretary School House, Sherborue Esq. XXVI. PUBLICATIONS. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club. Vols. I.— XXX. Price 10s. 6d. each volume, post free. General Index to the Proceedings. Vols. I.— XXVI. Price 6d., by post 7d. The Church Bells of Dorset. By the Rev. Canon HAVEN, D.D.,F.S.A. Price (in parts, as issued), 6s. 6d., post free. Church Goods, Dorset, A.D. 1552. By the Eev. W. MILES BABNES. Price (as issued) 2s. 6d., post free. By the late J. C. HANSEL -PLETDELL, B.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. The Flora of Dorset. 2nd Edition. Price 12s. The Birds of Dorset. Price 5s. The Mollusca of Dorset. Price 5s. By the Eev. 0. PICKABD-CAMBBIDGE, M.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S. Spiders of Dorset. 2 vols. Price 25s., post free. The British Phalangidea, or Harvest Men. Price 5s., post free. British Chernetidea, or False Scorpions. Price 3s., post free. The Volumes of Proceedings can be obtained from Captain Elwes, Bossing- ton, Bournemouth; the Church Bells and Church Goods of Dorset, from the Eev. W. Miles Barnes, Dorchester ; Mr. Mansel-Pley dell's works, from the Curator of the Dorset County Museum, Dorchester ; the Eev. O. Pickard- Cambridge's works, from the Author, Bloxworth Eectory, Wareham ; and the General Index, from the Assistant- Secretary (Mr. H. Pouncy, Dorset County Chronicle Office, Dorchester). SOCIETIES IN CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE FIELD CLUB. British Museum, London. British Museum of Natural History, London. British Association, Burlington House, London. Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cambridge. Devon Association for the Advancement of Science. Geological Society of London, Jermyn Street, London. Hampshire Field Club, Southampton. Royal Society of Antiquaries, Dublin, Ireland. Society of Antiquaries, London. Somerset Archaeological Society, Taunton. University Library, Cambridge. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, Salisbury. OF THE porset ^lafuraC ^isforj? & Jlnfiquaricm DURING THE SEASON 1908-1909. WINTER SESSION. THE OPENING MEETING was held in the Reading Room of the County Museum on Thursday, December loth. The President (Mr. Nelson M. Richardson) occupied the chair, and fifty-five Members were present. Two new Members were elected, and three further nominations were received. EXHIBITS. By the Rev. R. GBOSVENOB BAETELOT : A conical- shaped piece of Kimmendge shale, once the chuck-end castaway of a prehistoric lathe. It was, he said, dug up by his great-grandfather, who was Lord of the Manor of Stoborough, in King Barrow, in that parish. Captain ACLAND, as curator of the Museum, produced for the meeting's inspection some of the little disc-like cores of Kimmeridge shale, each having a little square mortice-like hole on one side, into which the chuck of the lathe was no doubt inserted. Mr. BAETELOT said he believed that the collection of Kimmeridge coal money in the Dorset County Museum was the best in the world, and he should have pleasure in adding this specimen to the collection. Captain ACLAXD thanked Mr. Bartelot warmly. xxviii. THE FIRST WINTER MEETING. By Sir CHABLES ROBINSON (of Newton Manor, Swanage) : A sand-cast and flint and what was thought to be the head of a Purbeck turtle. It certainly looked like a turtle's head, and if it really was so it was unique, since Mr. Lydekker said that no turtle's head had ever yet been found in that district. (See p. xxxiv., post.) By the Rev. C. W. H. DICKEE : A collection of worked flints, all surface finds, found by him and his son mostly at Piddletrenthide. The most important specimen was a long and beautifully fabricated implement, and there were also a few axe heads and a round stone probably used for pounding grain. Mr. ENGLEHEAKT observed that the flints appeared mostly to date from an early period of the Neolothic Age. By the Rev. Canon RAVENHILL : A paper knife made of the oak cut from a pile of the old Roman bridge, Pons CElii, at Newcastle-on-Tyne. The bridge was opened A.D. 110, and there- fore the tree from which the wood was cut must have been growing when Jesus Christ was on earth. THE EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY. — In the unavoidable absence of Mr. H. St. George Gray, Captain ACLAND read his interim report on the excavations conducted by him at Maum- bury Rings, Dorchester, last September. It was prefaced by a short introduction written by Dr. H. Colley March, F.S.A., Chairman of the joint committee representing the British Archaeological Association and the Dorset Field Club, by whom the investigation was conducted. The report will be found printed at length in the volume of " Proceedings," 1908, p. 256. At the PRESIDENT'S invitation Mr. C. S, PRIDEAUX, as Mr. Gray's collaborator in the work, added a few remarks. Mr. ENGLEHEART, who is a recognised authority on Roman antiquities, was also invited to speak, and observed that, judging by the size of the red-deer antlers, there must in prehistoric times have been red-deer in this island of great bulk and with THE FIRST WINTER MEETING. xxix. very fine heads, for no deer now killed in the British Isles had horns that approached these in size. In Scotland deer's horn was often to be seen used by the crofters and cottagers as picks. Mr. SOLLY said it would have been interesting if at least a portion of the level chalk floor of the arena could have been left uncovered, instead of it all being covered up again. Captain ACLAND said that, if the committee approved, he would, in the event of further excavations being done next year, ask leave to keep a section of the chalk floor uncovered and railed around. It could be done without any harm, and would be most inter- esting. THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. — PAPER BY MR. ENGLEHEART. — The Rev. G. H. ENGLEHEART, F.S.A., who superintended the excavation of the Roman villa at Hemsworth, near Wimborne, and the raising of the two beautiful tesselated pavements, read an able and very interesting paper on the subject, illustrated with excellent coloured drawings by Mr. Brumell. (Present Volume, p. i.) THE LATE MR. BOSWORTH SMITH. — The PRESIDENT made a suitable reference to the great loss which the Club had suffered by the death of Mr. R. Bosworth Smith, of Bingham's Melcombe, one of their most distinguished Vice-Presidents, and he proposed that the Hon. Sec. be asked to write to Mrs. Bosworth Smith and the family conveying a vote of condolence. An obituary notice, together with a portrait, would be published in the forth- coming volume of " Proceedings." The HON. TREASURER, who said he had the pleasure and privilege of knowing Mr. Bosworth Smith as a boy, seconded the vote, and it was duly carried. (Vol. XXIX., p. cxx.) THE BURNING CLIFF AND LANDSLIP AT LYME REGIS. — A paper on this subject by Mr. A. Jukes-Browne, F.G.S., the eminent geological Member of the Club, was read by the PRESI- DENT, who reminded the gathering that the author was an invalid and could not be present. (Vol. XXIX., p. 153.) xxx. ±HE FIRST WINTER MEETING. FORDINGTON ST. GEORGE FLOOR TILES. — The Rev. R. GROSVENOR BARTELOT, Vicar of St. George Church, read an interesting paper on " The Mediaeval Floor Tiles of Fordington St. George Church." (Present Volume, p. 133.) SOME DORSET BRIDGES.— A paper by Mr. R. G. Brocklehurst. (Vol. XXIX., p. 251.) XXXI. WINTER SESSION. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING was held on February i8th. The President was in the chair, supported by four of the Vice- Presidents. A fairly representative gathering of Members attended the meeting. THE Loss OF DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS. — The PRESIDENT, before the business of the meeting was begun, referred with deep regret to the great loss which the Club had suffered since their last meeting by the death of two of their most distinguished and valued Vice-Presidents, Mr. Wilfrid H. Hudleston, past President of the Geological Society, and Mr. Henry Storks Eaton, past President of the Royal Meteorological Society. They had read obituaries of both of them in the Press, and he hoped that a notice of each would appear in the next volume of the Club's " Proceedings." They also regretted the death of Mr. Charles Hansford, an old and valued Member of the Club and a Vice- President of the County Museum. He proposed that, on behalf of the Club, votes of sympathy should be passed and forwarded to Mrs. Hudleston, Mr. Alfred Eaton (Mr. Eaton's brother), and the Rev. F. W. Galpin (nephew of Mr. Hansford). THE MEMBERSHIP. — Three new Members were elected, and eight new nominations were announced. CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. — The HON. SEC. read a short digest which he had prepared of the matters of most interest to Dorset people occurring in the report of the igth Congress of Archaeological Societies held in London on July 8th. The Dorset Field Club was represented at the Congress by Mr. Nigel Bond, M.A. (Secretary of the National Trust for the Preservation of Places of Beauty and Historic Interest). Details were given of the commissions already granted for scheduling and preserving the ancient monuments of Scotland and Wales, and of the petition sent to the Prime Minister praying that a similar commission might be appointed for England. Mr. A. G. Chater, the ne\vly-elected Secretary to the Earthworks Com- mittee, stated in his report that the important fortress of Maiden XX.xii. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. Castle had, under the Ancient Monuments Act, been transferred to the guardianship of the Commissioners of Works. Mr. C. S. Prideaux's satisfactory investigation of a large barrow or extensive burial place at Portland in 1907 was mentioned with approval. EXHIBITS. A series of relics of King Charles I., sent by Major Benett-Stanford, of Tisbury. The first was a plaster cast of the face of the king, taken from the original cast taken from the king's face immediately after his execution, and one of a small number given to his intimate personal friends. This one was given to Mildmay, Earl of Westmoreland, who was present at the king's burial at Windsor. Then there were shown in two glass cases the pair of gloves carried to the scaffold by the king and handed to Bishop Juxon a few seconds before the execution. Some letters of the king were also exhibited. The PRESIDENT said he was sorry that Major Benett-Stanford could not be there that day, but he had kindly sent those exhibits, for which they were very grateful to him. The Rev. S. E. V. Filleul had brought a copy of the warrant signed for the death of Charles I. and also a picture of the execution and a copy of the " Eikou Basilike " containing a very fine picture of King Charles. Mr. VEEE OLIVER said that Thomas Benett, of Pyt House, was military secretary to Prince Rupert, and carried on a great deal of correspondence with prominent Royalists at the time. Some years ago his uncle, the late Mr. Vere Benett- Stanford, found a large number of letters, over a thousand, in an old box. He began tearing some of them up until, catching sight of the signature " Charles Rex" at the bottom of one of them, he stopped and saved the rest. Tb.3 PRESIDENT said they ought to pass a special vote of thanks to Major Benett- Stanford for sending those valuable exhibits. A RARE WILD GLADIOLUS. — The botanists present were much interested in a beautiful specimen of the wild gladiolus of the New Forest (Gladiolus illyricus), brought by Dr. Dixon, of Bournemouth. It was not found in Dorset, and was indeed found only in the New Forest, and there for the first time in 1857 by ths Rev. W. H. Lucas. So rare was this flower that the Linnseau Society in London had not a specimen in their herbarium. He also showed a beautiful photograph of the gladiolus growing among the bracken, which is its favourite habitat. "THE LAST OF THE MARTYNS " AT ATHELHAMPTON. — Mr. HENRY SYMONDS, of Rouudham, Bridport, exhibited two deeds, beautiful specimens of late 16th century caligraphy, relating to the last of the Martyns of Athelhampton, and read the following note thereon : — The earlier document, dated 15 June, 12 Elizabeth (1570), bears the signatures of Nicholas Martyii, of Athelhamptou, and Margaret his wife, the latter being a THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. XXX111. sister of Nicholas Wadham, who founded the college which bears his name. Nicholas Martyn was Sheriff of Dorset in 1581 and died in 1595; his "brass" in Puddletown Church has been illustrated by Mr. W. de C. Prideaux in the Club's "Proceedings " (Vol. XXIII.), andin Vol. XX. Mr. A. C. de Lafontaine, the present owner of Athelhampton, has described the old home of the family. Tradition has associated this Elizabethan 'squire with an epitaph said to have been on his tomb, but which cannot now be found, as I am informed by the Rev. A. L. Helps, vicar of Puddletown. It ran : "Nicholas ye first, Martyn ye last, Good- night, Nicholas," and has been quoted by many writers. Who was the author of this epigrammatic inscription which is so strangely at variance with the facts of the family history? The Christian name of "Nicholas" recurs frequently among his forefathers, while it is quite clear that this Martyn was, happily, far from being the last of the race in the male line, inasmuch as the grandsons of his brother Thomas duly established their pedigree at the Visitation of 1623. The latter deed, dated 23 October, 11 James I. (1613), is signed in the fine hand- writing of Anne Floyer, of St. Gabriel's, who was the youngest surviving daughter of Nicholas Martyn and the widow of Anthony Floyer, who had died in 1608. This lady grants by the deed a lease of one-fourth of the lands in the Manor of Wanstrow, which her father had granted by the earlier instrument of 1570 ; this fourth part she had inherited under his will, together with one-quarter of Athelhampton House. A EELIC OF THE WALBONDS. — Mr. STMONDS next exhibited a piece of oak panelling bearing the arms of the Devonshire family of Walrond, impaling those perhaps of Pole in the same county. (The crescent of cadency on the dexter side showed that the bearer of the coat was a second son or the descendant of a second son.) The panel was obtained at Lyrae, but nothing could be learnt about its history. It had been dated approximately at the South Kensington Museum as belonging to the first half of the 18th Century. The Walronds, whose name was originally spelt " Walerand," were also connected with Dorset. Two members of the family, Roger and Humphrey, were escheators for this county in the reigns of Philip and Mary and Elizabeth. At about the same period Roger and Humphrey Walrond owned the Manor of Swanage, and possibly lived there during their terms of office under the Crown. Captain ACLAND said he knew the family of Walrond intimately. Round the fine Elizabethan dining-room of the main house of the family at Bradford, near Tiverton, there stretched heraldic panels illustrating the history of the family for hundreds of years, and every panel was of the same description as that exhibited. Captain ELWES stated that the original Walrond was huntsman to William the Conqueror, and in Domesday was described as " Waleranus Venator." He suggested that the name might originally have been a corruption of Valerianus. A TRILINGUAL PSALTER.— Canon RAVENHILL exhibited a beautifully bound and exquisitely printed copy of " Psalterium Trilingue," the three tongues being Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. It was printed at Basle in 1548. The Psalter was much admired, especially as a fine specimen of the 16th century typography. XXxiv. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. MOCK SUNS.— INTERESTING PHENOMENON.— The PRESIDENT read a letter from the Rev. C. \V. H. Dicker, vicar of Piddletrenthide, who unfortunately could not attend the meeting, sending a rough sketch of an interesting phenomenon which he saw from Waterson Ridge as he was driving home on Monday, February loth— apparently a pair of " mock suns." They appeared in a bank of grey mist. The discs were reddish, but sent out white rays. The apparition lasted, he thought, from five o'clock to 5. 15. Mr. MIDDLETON recalled seeing a somewhat similar phenomenon many years ago at Henley Regatta. The real sun in the middle, with a mock sun on either side of it, had also a third mock sun immediately over it, and the three mock suns were connected with the real orb by arching rays of light. Dr. FIELDING said that such a sight was not uncommon on the Norwegian coast, where the sailors and fishermen regarded it as a premonition of foul weather. The Rev. J. C. M. MAXSEL-PLEYDELL exhibited a small cross, apparently of polished flint, which was recently found in a vault in Sturminster Newton churchyard. A FOSSIL TURTLE'S HEAD. — Captain ACIAND reproduced the rare fossil which he exhibited at the last meeting, and which had been sent to the Museum by Sir Charles Robinson, of Newton Manor, Swanage. It was then thought to be the fossilised head of a Purbeck turtle. In order to obtain verification of this supposition he sent the fossil to Dr. Smith Woodward at the British Museum, who identified it as a Chelonian skull from the Purbeck Beds of Swanage. Although remains of the shells of turtles were very common in the Purbeck Beds of Swanage, yet only one skull appeared to have been met with hitherto. The recent discovery of a second skull was, therefore, of much interest, and worthy of a brief notice (which Dr. Woodward had kindly contributed). This skull was exactly such as might be expected to belong to Pleitrosternum. Captain Acland added that it would, he thought, be taken as a type specimen. THE VENUS PAVKMENT FROM HKMSWORTH. — Captain ACLAND said that the members would remember the interesting excavations carried out last summer on the site of the Roman villa at Hemsworth, near Wimborne. Mr. H. Le Jeune, who so actively promoted and assisted in the work, had that day brought down a beautiful coloured drawing of the Venus pavement, made from measurements and from photographs taken on the spot by Mr. G. Brumell, A.R.I.B.A., who had kindly presented the drawing to the Museum. The pavement had, he was sorry to say, been removed to the British Museum. He wished to express the thanks of the Council of the Museum not only to Mr. Brumell, but also to Mr. Le Jeune, for all that he did in regard to the excavation of the villa and for having procured that beautiful drawing for the Museum. HERALDIC BADGE.— The PRESIDENT read a letter from Mr. W. de C, Prideaux, of Weymouth, who expressed regret that he was confined to his bed by a cold, and who had sent three small shields used as pendant badges, one belonging to the President and two to Sir Charles Robinson. A circular one he identified as that of Sir William Arundell, K.G., whose plaque was in St. George's Chapel at u oi O m * < THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. XXXV. Windsor. Sir Charles bought it of a Spanish priest. A heater- shaped shield bore the arms of Arragon impaling France ancient, with a label of four points — the arms of a Queen of Arragon of French lineage circa 1300-30. PAPERS. BRITISH ARACHNIDA.— The PRESIDENT read a short intro- duction to a paper by the Club's distinguished araneologist, the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, who confessed that he had no records just now for 1908 of any group of arachnids except that of the true spiders. Mr. Richardson said he wished that they had some more spider-collectors in the Club to help Mr. Cambridge in the collection of Dorset spiders. THE MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. — SOME ANCIENT CUSTOMS. — Mr. ALFRED POPE, F.S.A., read a long and carefully compiled paper on some ancient customs of the Manors of Stratton and Grimston, the court rolls of which came into his possession on the purchase of the manors in 1895 (p. 28). The paper was illustrated with photos of the old Manor House and of ancient deeds and maps. The PRESIDENT expressed the sincere thanks of the meeting to Mr. Pope for his interesting and valuable paper. It being past two o'clock, the Club then adjourned for luncheon, and re-assembled at 2.45. NOTES ON DORSET FLORA. — The HON. SEC. announced the receipt from the Rev. E. F. Linton of the second portion of his " Notes on Dorset Flora." The first portion was printed in the last volume of the " Proceedings." Mr. Linton proposed to write a third and concluding portion, the subject of which would be " Fungi." BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS FROM DORSET. — Mr. H. SYMONDS exhibited two cases of coins of the British and Romano-British periods found in Dorset, most of them finely preserved specimens, and read a long and valuable paper on the subject, (p. 58.) The PRESIDENT expressed the sincere thanks of the meeting to Mr. Symonds for his paper. Captain ACLAND, XXXvi. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. as Curator of the County Museum, mentioned how greatly he was indebted to Mr. Symonds for his valuable help in the re- arrangement of the coins. THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND.— The HON. SEC. read a paper written by Mrs. King Warry, who unfortunately could not be present, on " The Status of Peasantry in Portland." (p. 73.) Mr. F. J. BARNES, of Portland, said that time out of mind women in Portland had been allowed to hold and deal with property in their own right — centuries before the Married Women's Property Act came into force outside Portland. Such property descended from father or mother to daughter ; and, although a woman might have a husband living, her property was held by her independently of him. She received her rents, and subsequently demised her property. He was glad to find that in later years England adopted the same principle which had so long been in force in Portland. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. XXXV11. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Club was held on Tuesday, May 4th, in the Reading Room at the County Museum. The President took the chair at 12.30. Between forty and fifty Members were present. THE MEMBERSHIP. — Seven new Members were elected, and three further candidates were 'nominated. THE PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS was then read, and was followed by a short discussion on questions arising from the various matters dealt with by the President. Captain ACLAND proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Richardson for his extremely able and interesting Address ; the motion was seconded by Mr. ALFRED POPE, and carried amidst general applause. THE HON. SECRETARY'S REPORT. — The HON. SECRETARY presented his Annual Report : — The membership of the club has now again nearly reached its maximum number — 400 — but there are a few vacancies for new members. The summer meetings last year were well attended, but the reduction of the levy on the admission cards from 2s. to Is. Cd. has reduced the balance in hand on the Secretary's account from £'20 os. to £9 4s. 7d. I think that for the coming year we may continue the Is. 6d. per diem levy for " incidental expenses," which will still further reduce the balance in hand, but at the members' benefit. The accounts for the past year have been duly audited, and the vouchers retaining thereto lie upon the table. THE HON. EDITOR'S REPORT was also read by Mr. PENTIN as follows : — The following are to be the first five papers in the new volume : — " The Roman Villa at Hemsworth," by the Eev. G. H. Engleheart ; the second portion of a contribution on "Dorset Chantries," by Mr. E. A. Fry ; "Coins of the British and Romano -British periods found in Dorset," by Mr. Henry Symonds ; "The Status of Peasantry in Portland," by Mrs. King Warry ; and "Some Ancient Customs of the Manors of Strattoii and Grimstone," by Mr. Alfred Pope. The Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge has prepared another paper on "British Arachnida," and the Rev. E. F. Linton on " Dorset Flora." Mr. B. Fossett Lock has translated the Cartulary of Milton Abbey, which will be printed as a XXXVlii. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. companion paper to those previously contributed on Cerne Abbey. The Kev. B. Grosvenor Bartelot has written an article on the ancient floor tiles of St. George's Church, Fordingtoii ; and it is hoped that Mr. W. de C. Prideaux will contribute another paper to his series of papers on "Dorset Memorial Brasses." The President's address, and the Mansel-Pleydell Prize Essay by Mr. Feacey on "The Sequence of architectural styles as exemplified in the buildings, either Ecclesiastical or Domestic, of any neighbourhood in Dorset," the official account of the club's meetings, the rainfall returns, and the report on the first appearances of birds, insects, &c., will also be printed. At our annual meeting last year I asked the club to relieve me of the office of Editor, as I found the two offices of Secretary and Editor too burdensome, but as no one was then willing to take the Editorship I consented to hold it for another year. Now, however, I must ask to be relieved, although I shall be glad to help my successor in any way in my power. FINANCE*— The HON. TREASURER then presented his state- ment of the Club Accounts, which will be found printed in the following pages. In reply to Mr. BARNES, Captain ELWES stated that the Club now had £450 invested in Consols. THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY. — In the absence of Mr. C. J. Cornish Browne, of Came House, honorary director of the Dorset Photographic Survey, the HON. SEC., at the PRESIDENT'S request, read the Director's Report. It was as follows : — " I regret that I am unable to report more progress in connection with the work of the survey. I have put myself into communication with those who were likely to assist me in my search for helpers in the towns and districts of Dorchester, Weymouth, Poole, Sherborne, Wimborne, Blandford, Shaftesbury, Bridport, Swanage, and Lyme Regis. I find that there is in only one of these towns, namely, Weymouth, a Photographic Club, but none of its members have through their secretary offered assistance. I have enlisted the sympathies of a few good amateurs, and to these I am very grateful ; but I am sure there must be many skilful photographers in the county with whom I have unfortunately not come in contact. If members of the Field Club could bring the survey before the notice of such, and persuade them to send in their names as helpers, there would be but little difficulty in getting together a large collection of photographs. The expense is trifling and the work of great interest. Should the club ask me to continue the directorship for another year I shall bo pleased to do so, or should it entrust the work to another I will gladly help my successor." LORD EUSTACE CECIL PRESENTS THE MEDALS.— Lord EUSTACE CECIL, vice-president and past president, who was received with loud applause, said that the President had entrusted THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. XXXIX. to him a most agreeable task — to present to the successful com- petitors the " Mansel-Pleydell " and " Cecil " medals and prizes of £$ each in value. The " Mansel-Pleydell" silver medal and prize had been awarded to Mr. Jem Feacey, of Culliford Road, Dorchester, for an essay on " The Sequence of Architectural Styles as exemplified in the Buildings, either Ecclesiastical or Domestic, of any Neighbourhood in Dorset," and the " Cecil " Medal and Prize to Mr. Cyril Douglas Day, of Downing College, Cambridge (son of Dr. E. J. Day, of Dorchester), for an essay on " The Discovery of Radium ; its probable origin, its present development, and possible future use." He was the more pleased to perform this duty in that the competition had been contested keenly, and the prizes hard-won. THE LIMITATION OF THE CLUB MEMBERSHIP. — A somewhat lengthy discussion arose upon a proposal, brought forward by Mr. C. S. PRIDEAUX, that the recently-enacted rule limiting the number of Members to 400 should be rescinded. On a division the Meeting rejected the motion by a large majority. EXHIBITS. By Mr. W. DE C. PRIDEAUX : A coffin chalice and paten, now the property of Mary, Countess of Ilchester, who had kindly lent them for exhibition. They were found early in 1906, in association with an ancient interment, during the digging of a grave on the south side of Abbotsbury Church. In February Mr. Prideaux took the articles up for exhibition before the Society of Antiquaries in London, and there they received much attention, and were considered to be early 14th century. The HON. SECKETAEY mentioned that in the volume of the " Proceedings " for 1905 he reproduced a photograph of a burial chalice and paten from Milton of about the same date. The PRESIDENT expressed the thanks of the Club to Mr. Prideaux, and asked him also to convey them to Lady Ilchester. ELECTION OF OFFICERS. — The President, Hon. Secretary and Hon. Assistant-Secretary, and Hon. Treasurer were re-elected to their respective offices ; the Rev. C. W. H. Dicker was elected to be Hon. Editor, Mr. Cornish Browne again accepting the directorship of the Photographic Survey. The Vice- Presidents xl. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. were re-nominated by the PRESIDENT, and two of the vacancies were filled up by the nomination of Canon C. H. Mayo, of Long- burton, a well-known antiquarian authority and writer, and Mr. E. R. Sykes, founder and past President of the Malacological Society, London. Mr. Alfred Pope, F.S.A., was appointed again to represent the Club at the meeting to be held in London in the autumn of the corresponding societies of the British Association, whose meetings are to be held at Winnipeg. Messrs. Alfred Pope and Nigel Bond were re-appointed to represent the Club at the Congress of Archaeological Societies in union with the Society of Antiquaries, London. THE SUMMER MEETINGS. — It was decided to hold a two-days' meeting in the neighbourhood of Dunster (or, failing that, at Salisbury and Stonehenge), and three single-day meetings. On one the Club proposed to drive from Dorchester to Owermoigne, calling en route at Came House by invitation of Mr. Cornish Browne. On the other two days excursions will be made to St. Aldhelm's Head and up the Tarrant Valley. CAME AND OWERMOIGNE. xli. FIRST SUMMER MEETING. CAME AND OWEKMOIGNE. THE FIRST SUMMER MEETING was held on Tuesday, June 22nd. With the exception of a few slight showers, the weather during the day was bright and pleasant. About 70 members and friends assembled at the South-Western station for the start at 10.15. CAME HOUSE. Mr. CORNISH BROWNE, after bidding the Club a cordial welcome to Came House for the first time, gave a short sketch of the history of Winterborne Came, a name which is supposed to be a corruption of Caen, Came having been given by the Conqueror to the Abbey of St. Stephen's, Caen. It pertained to the friary of Frampton, and at the dissolution of the alien priories was given to the College of St. Stephen's, Westminster, in whose possession it continued until the general dissolution, when it was granted by Edward VI. to William, Earl of Pembroke. From him it came to one Meller, who was remarkable chiefly for his habit of depopulating most of the land he bought. For this reason there was no village round about the house. During the Civil War the Mellers fell upon evil times, and soon after left Dorset to live in Buckinghamshire. About the year 1700 the estate passed by purchase to the Darner family, and in 1756 the present house, which had all the characteristics of the Georgian period, was built by Mr. George Darner. The present front door and conservatory were added early in the 19th century, and these, while somewhat disturbing the balance of the building, added much to the comfort and convenience of the house. Mr. Cornish Browne went on to mention illustrious guests who have been entertained at the house. Here in 180-t came, as the guest of Lionel Darner, then Colonel of the Dorset Volunteer Bangers, after a review of the regiment iu Fordington Field, George III. and his Queen and the Princesses and Dukes of Gloucester and Cambridge. Here nearly 40 years later came Prince Louis Napoleon, who was shortly afterwards elected President of the French and four years later Emperor. Mr. Cornish Browne then conducted the club over the house in convenient parties. As the members passed through the suite of elegant apartments they admired the beautifuHy- moulded plaster ceilings, the carved chimney-pieces, Xlii. CAME AND OWERMOIGNfi. choice furniture, the tapestries, and the interesting collection of pictures by old and modern masters hanging on the walls. A pastel of a girl wearing a hat, by John Eussell, one of the great pastellists of the 18th century, was much admired ; and among the many pictures observed with special interest were a portrait of George IV. while Prince of Wales, by Sir Joshua Eeynolds ; a piece — cherubs with flowers and fruit, by Paul Eubens, similar to pictures of the same genre at Kingston Lacy and Wilton House ; a reputed Cuyp, portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Taylor by Gainsborough, a head of Colonel Darner by Gambadella, and one of the Duke of Richmond, who was bitten by a mad fox and died of hydrophobia. A pretty picture of a girl and a spinet, Mr. Cornish Browne said, was given by George IV. to Mrs. Fitzherbert, the girl being Miss Seymour, her ward. But the most notable pictures in the house, to Dorset people, were the series of eleven portraits of the officers of the Dorset Rangers, painted soon after the enrolment of the regiment, the artist being Thomas Beach, a native of Milton Abbas, pupil of Sir Joshua, and a fashionable portrait painter much sought after in his day. The portraits, which are all sound work and spirited likenesses, are of Lord Milton, the first colonel, R. E. D. Grosvenor (Charborough), James Frampton (Moreton) — brother of Mary Frainpton, who wrote the charming Journal ; John W. Smith (Sydling), Richard Travers (Uploders), William Churchill (Henbury), William Clavell (Smedmore), Thomas Weld (Lulworth Castle), T. Bowyer Bower (Iwerne), Francis John Brown (Frampton), and T. Meggs (Piddlehinton) . Mr. Cornish Browne mentioned the fact that Thomas Weld never had his commission signed, because he was a Roman Catholic, and for a Catholic the King at that time could not sign a commission. Thomas Weld later became a priest in the Roman Church and then cardinal, and he was afterwards a candidate for the Papal throne. Captain Bowyer Bower was the grandfather of Mr. Syndercombe Bower, and the Rev. J. C. M. Mansel-Pleydell claimed an ancestor in Captain Clavell, of Smedmore. In the library, too, the club examined with interest the Communion plate of Came Church — a silver chalice with cover, used as a paten, of the Commonwealth period, and plain, as one would expect. The fine tapestries in the drawiug-room, representing memorable scenes in the life of Diogenes the Cynic, are probably from the looms of Mortlake, and most likely early 18th century. Mr. Cornish Browne informed the party that for years these tapestries had been covered with brocaded satin, and that they were brought to light by accident. CAME CHURCH. From the house the party proceeded to the church, pausing on the way by the grave of William Barnes, marked by a handsome Celtic cross erected to the poet's memory by his children and grandchildren. The members having seated themselves inside the church, CAME AND O\VERMOIGN*E. xliii. The RECTOR (the Rev. E. C. Leslie) said : The little church, consisting of nave and chancel, is dedicated to St. Peter. The original church must have been erected in the 13th century, as parts of the walls, the •window arch, and inner splay of the east window, the base and pedestal of the font, are of that period. Of the 14th century work there still remain the north and south doorways ; but the latter, which might have led to the priest's cell, is built up. The original north chancel window was also 14th century work. Of the loth century is the east window, with the exception of the inner splay and window arch. There are good Perpendicular windows of three lights with cinquefoil heads in the tower, and also in the north and south sides of the nave. Two of the latter are exceptionally good specimens of square -headed windows of the period. The tower is late Perpendicular. The original roof of the church was waggon- headed and plastered, and the chancel ceiling was divided into four compartments by moulded oak ribs. The present roof took its place at the restoration of the church in 1883. There is some excellent woodwork, notably the pulpit, on which is inscribed the date 1624 and the initials "I. M.," standing for John Meller, the Jacobean altar rails, and, most noticeable of all, the loth century rood screen. The rood loft was probably dismantled in 1561 . The text " Let us hear the conclusion of all things. Fear God and keep His Commandments, for these toucheth all men, for God judgeth all things," is probably contemporary, being a quotation from the Bishop's Bible. On the north side of the church are the foundations of what might have been the rood loft staircase. The grave of the poet Barnes, who was rector of this parish from 1862 to 1886, is close to the south-west window. In the churchyard there is also the family vault of the Dawson-Damers. The remarkable double-headed cross over the vault of the Williams's, of Herringston, is said to be an exact copy of a cardinal's silver pectoral cross, with the exception of the central crucifix. The old register has been unfortunately lost. The first entry we have is in 1695. In the marriage register there is the signature of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as witness to the nuptials on March llth, 1847, of Hugh Fortescue, Viscount Ebrington, and Georgiana Augusta Caroline Dawson -Darner. In the Deanery* of Dorchester there are but six mediaeval bells, of which two hang in this belfry. The largest bell bears the inscription "Maria," the smaller a beautiful initial cross and " Sane ta Maria." The hatchments appertain to the Dawson-Damers and Lady Caroline Darner, and that in the tower to the last Lord Dorchester. Mr. Leslie then gave particulars of the stained glass windows and of the monuments in which the church is so rich. Over the fine tomb of Sir John Meller and Anne, his wife, with its two recumbent effigies, still hangs Sir John's helmet. Mr. Leslie produced the registers and showed the autograph of Louis Napoleon. After the party had thoroughly inspected the church and the churchyard, they proceeded to * i.e., Dorchester portion. xliv. CAME AND oWERMoiGNE. WHITCOMBE CHURCH or " Widecomb," as the ancient spelling has it. The visitors, especially those who had never seen it before, were delighted at the picturesque ivy-mantled tower and the whole appearance of church and churchyard— William Barnes's first charge — and confessed that it seemed just the church to have a poet for its cure. Here again Mr. Leslie gave a short address. Until the passing of the recent Benefices Act Whitcombe was one of the four donative livings in this diocese. It is said that King Athelstan gave Whitcombe to the Abbey of Milton. At any rate the rectory was from the first appropriated to the monastery of Milton, which served the cure by a stipendiary priest or one of their own monks, for no institutions occur in the Sarum registers. Later on this rectory and chapel belonged to the rectory of Milton. In this way it has passed from hand to hand until the present day. I think that most people who travel this road must be struck by the beautiful proportions of the embattled tower, which is of the loth century. The grilles in the windows are remarkably good. On that of the south side can be read the initials " M.A." (possibly those of the abbey) and the date 1500. The plan of the church, long and narrow, is Norman. The south and north doorways belong to that period, but the latter is built up. Of 13th century work there is the south porch arch and the east window, terribly spoilt from inside by the depressed ceiling and the inartistic reredos, but well worthy of examination from outside, where can be seen the original hood-moulding in good preservation. The other windows are of the loth century. In the head of the north chancel window are two pieces of loth century glass. The font, a very large one of Purbeck marble, is of the 12th century, with the exception of its smaller pillars, which are later. There was formerly a rood beam, probably removed in 1561. In the churchyard is the step with socket and the portion of the shaft of a 13th century cross. Perhaps the head is buried below. The weathering of the 15th century roof, which has gone, can still be seen. The church plate consists of an Elizabethan chalice and lid, with the date 1573 engraved on the lid, and a George II. flagon and dish, " The gift of Mrs. Lora Pitt to the Church of Whitcombe in Dorsetshire, 1739." There are two bells, one inscribed "Hope well, I.W., 1610," and the other " Love God, I.W., 1610." One is missing, probably the teuor. The most noticeable grave in the churchyard is an enormous table stone, on which is the laconic inscription— " Spratt." The PRESIDENT thanked Mr. Leslie heartily for the excellent accounts which he had given the party of the churches of Came and Whitcombe. The party then made the tour of the little CAME AND OAVERMOIGNE. xlv. building, which has not yet (perhaps we ought to say happily) come under the hands of the restorer. The low plaster ceiling, we should say, might go without any lamentation, but it is to be hoped that, when the postponed but inevitable "restoration" does at last come, it will take the form of preservation. It is delightful to notice how this little church, indissolubly associated with the memory of one of Dorset's best and most celebrated sons, epitomises most of the styles of English architecture, besides Perpendicular and Norman, Transitional, Early English, all three of which are scarce in Dorset — certainly in comparison with the all dominating Perpendicular. The Rev. C. R. BASKETT called attention to the pewter alms-dish, the sides of which are ornamented with sets of four small perforated holes. Whitcombe, we may add, is somewhat off the beaten track of antiquarian show churches in Dorset, and has hitherto suffered undeserved neglect ; but it will before long " come to its own " and be recognised as one of the most architecturally interesting, as it is admittedly one of the most beautiful, of the small parish churches of Dorset. THE LlTTLEMAYNE SARSENS. The party next alighted from their vehicles at Littlemayne to inspect what had been put down in the programme as the remains of a stone circle ; but indeed the sarsen stones, many of them almost entirely sunk under the surface of the soil, are so scattered about the fields on both sides of the road, and in such chaotic disarray, that on the spot the unaided eye could discern little or no sign of cosmic design. And the problem is com- plicated by the appearance of ancient earthworks in association with the stones. Later in the day, at the request of the officers, Mr. H. Le Jeune, of Parkstone, the member who re-discovered the Hemsworth villa and last year made a plan of the Rempston half-circle, kindly undertook, on behalf of the club, to survey the ground and plot the stones on a large-scale map, and in this work he obtained the promise of assistance from Mr. R. Dawes, a young local antiquary of refreshing keenness. At Littlemayne xlvi. CAME AND OWERMOIGNE. the party were met and greeted by the Rev. G. W. Butler, rector of Broadmayne, whom the Hon. Sec. invited to tell the Club the local traditions about the stones. The Rev. G. W. BUTLER confessed that, being no antiquary, although he had lived at Broadmayne 29 years, he had never, until receiving Mr. Pentin's letter, actually walked round to locate and inspect all the stones. They were called locally the Little- mayne Rocks. An old lady, who used as a girl to come out and play among them, told him that one large stone was called " The giant without a head." Dr. H. COLLEY MARCH, a recognised authority on the subject, and the author of " The Ritual of Barrows and Stone Circles," here gave, in a spot sheltered from the wind, a long and learned address on the subject. He reminded the club that when last year, in the course of the ' ' Barrows and Bridehead " meeting, they visited the Gorwell stone circle, he asked the question " Why are its constituent stones so small when there are much larger stones lying all round about ? " The answer was that in all these cases the men of old who made the circles used the stones they found on the spot. He produced a box of worked flint implements and flakes illustrating his point. They were of Portland chert, Tertiary pebbles, and chalk flint. Thus in the Isle of Portland, where there was no native flint, they used the local chert ; on Blagdon, which is covered with Tertiary pebbles, they used them, and close by Maiden Castle chalk flint. The stones here at Littlemayne were sarsens (i.e., " saracens" or strangers), belonging to the Tertiary formation, with which the country was at one time covered, either as gravel, or the stones cemented together by silica. Pointing to a thick cluster of stones close to the hedge on the south side of the road, Dr. March said that they looked to him more like a collapsed dolmen than stones of a stone circle. He proceeded to expound, in elucidation of the subject, the " law of parcimoiiy " formulated by Sir Wm. Hamilton. The HON. SEC., as Vicar of Milton Abbey, recalled the fact that Littlemayne Farm was given by Abbot William Middleton for the founding of the Grammar School of Milton Abbas in 1521, and it had remained in the possession of the Governors ever since. In the endowment deed there was mention of the "free chapel of Littlemayne," and he enquired of Mr. Butler if he knew of any remains of this pre- Reformation chapel or of traditions concerning it. CAME AND OWERMOIGNE. xlvii. Mr. BUTLER answered that there were said to be some founda- tions, and there was a field bordering the road and called Cemetery Field ; and, being regarded as sacred, it still remained unbroken by the ploughshare. POXWELL HOUSE AND ClRCLE. Driving to Poxwell, the party had a peep at the front of the picturesque manor house, with the charming feature of the porter's tiny gatehouse, bearing the date 1634. The ASSISTANT SECRETARY reminded the club of the literary associations of the house, this being, under the name " Oxwell Hall," the home of Squire Derriman in "The Trumpet Major." Climbing the windy hill, commanding a glorious view of the Channel and of the full length of the Isle of Portland, the party next inspected the reputed stone circle. The PRESIDENT said it was understood to be one of the smallest stone circles known, and Dr. COLLEY MARCH pointed out that the constituent stones were not sarsens, as at Littlemayne, but a cherty kind of Lower Purbeck which happened to crop up just at this spot. The stones corresponded no doubt to a burial place — a small circle inside a larger one. The stones may have had some ritual meaning or purpose, and may have served at the outset as a place for the primary disposal of interments. Mr. ALBANY MAJOR, as a London antiquary of some celebrity, on being invited to speak, admitted that it was possible that they had not seen any stone circle that day. The so-called Littlemayne circle might be a collection of sarsens. With the eye that day no design could be made out ; and they could not say whether there was a circle or not until they had surveyed the site, plotted out the position of all the stones, and seen whether or not they had any coherent connection with one another. The circle on the top of that hill at Poxwell was certainly a circle of stones ; but whether it was a stone circle was a question. Mr. Whistler suggested that the mound on which the circle stood looked uncommonly like a grave mound. It may have been one, with a circle of stones around it ; but the question could be decided only by digging. They were in danger of error in xlviii. CAME AND OWERMOIGNE. trying to fit all the stone circles into the same theory, and imagining that they were all to be accounted for in the same way as Stonehenge and Avebury. The great advantage of having a club like theirs was that they could go and see such places as they had visited that day and could then set to work to try to determine the problems raised ; and that could only be by surveying and digging. The HON. SEC. mentioned the popular tradition concerning the derivation of the word " Poxwell " — that it means the well of Puck, and he defended it in an ingenious and interesting manner. Mr. MAJOR and Mr. WHISTLER agreed with him in believing the pretty and popular tradition to be correct. OWERMOIGNE COURT. At Owermoigne the party were cordially welcomed at the Court by Mr. G. Cecil Cree and Mrs. Cree. On the lawn, Mr. CREE said : The name Owermoigne, according to Hutchins, is derived from the old name of the place, " Ogres," and from the family of Le Moigne, who held it very early after the Norman Conquest. Thus we get Ogres Le Moigne, which has become Owermoigne. In the reign of Edward I. Kalph Moigne heJd the manor of Owers by service of sargeiity in the King's kitchen. In Richard II. 's reign Sir William Stourton (who received his name from Stourton, in Wiltshire) married the daughter of Sir John Moigne. John, his son, the first Baron Stourton, held the manor of Ore amongst others. This manor remained in the Stourton family until 1703, when W'illiam Wake, D.D., afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, purchased it with the advowson from Edward, Lord Stourton. He conveyed them to Sir Theodore Jansen. In Hutchins's time the place belonged to Williamza, daughter and heiress of William Jansen, who afterwards became the wife of the Honourable Lionel Darner, youngest son of the Earl of Dorchester. At Mrs. Darner's decease in 1827 the manor was sold to John Cree. A great deal of Owermoigne was cultivated on the common field system ; but this was altered, and divided into farms by Act of Parliament in 1829. The old map shows you something of the common field system. My late father and Mr. Cumiington, of Dorchester, opened two barrows here —one on the downs and one on the heath. These both contained urns of clay, filled with ashes. They are now in the Dorset Museum. Part of an old British entrenchment remains in Heathfield Plantation, about a mile and a-half north of the village. Traces show it was originally 100 yards long by 50 yards wide, oval in shape. In Browiijolm's Plantation is a large barrow, and one side of an entrenchment 120 yards long. A hundred years ago Owermoigne was a great haunt of smugglers ; in fact, all the community smuggled. From what I have heard, the church tower was one o : da •_• r r~ :I;:M: in*: r.:>;.~. off otee EH% FjigffiHft v:: :• \ -.-.:•: _:::.- v\\: :..7_..:az.: - :'T:L.V..T -:•:::•::":'.. i.-uif. v\v.: — "-< : l-'^I^ri1 " I" .U..~-" ~ ' _ .^. LI'- * • ~.'.\ ', .'- t_Li _• JL.IT : .<- '; I'.t /'i:::;i :c v:_ ..: 1. CAME AND OWERMOIGNE. much enjoyed, and shortly before five o'clock the vehicles drew up at Came Rectory, the most picturesque thatched house which for nearly a quarter of a century was the abode of the Dorset Poet. The Rev. E. C. and Mrs. Leslie had most hospitably invited the club to tea, which was served both in the house and on the lawn. After tea the members gathered in one of the rooms for the business meeting, at which the President took the chair. The following three gentlemen, proposed on May 4th as members of the club, were balloted for and duly elected : — Mr. Cyril D. Day, of Downing College, Cambridge ; Mr. H. S. Newnham, of the Wilts and Dorset Bank, Dorchester ; and Dr. H. E. South, Fleet-Surgeon R.N. (retired), of the Manor House, Moreton. The PRESIDENT mentioned that Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace, the eminent scientist, whose name is associated with that of Charles Darwin in his great discoveries, had done the club the honour to accept the position of honorary member. A donation of five guineas was voted towards the fund for the second series of excavations to be undertaken at Maumbury Rings in August. The HON. SEC. mentioned that this official donation would no doubt be considerably augmented by the individual subscriptions of members, who gave liberally towards the Avork last autumn. Before the club left Came Rectory for Dorchester Mr. and Mrs. Leslie were warmly thanked for their kindness and welcome entertainment. o Q fl; C LL o: O TARRANT VALLEY. li. SECOND SUMMER MEETING. VISIT TO THE TARRANT VALLEY, JULY 27iH. THE SECOND SUMMER MEEING of 1909 will be remembered in the history of the Club as having been held on one of the wettest days on record. Nevertheless, a- party numbering nearly 70 assembled at Blandford for the journey along the valley of the Tarrant, a little tributary of the Stour. The itinerary included "Crawford Castle " and seven "Tarrant" villages. CRAWFORD CASTLE, or Spettisbury Rings, was first visited. As it was pointed out by the ASSISTANT SECRETARY, this earthwork belongs to the " promontory-fort " class. At the time when the railway was carried through the camp some 80 skeletons were dug up, several having broken skulls. TARRANT CRAWFORD : ITS CHURCH AND ABBEY. At Tarrant Crawford Church the party was met by the RECTOR (the Rev. P. B. Wingate), who read a paper on the history of the Cister- cian nunnery founded at this place in the reign of Henry I. by Ralph de Kohaynes, lord of the neigh- bouring manor of Keynston. This house was an abbey,* and two other Cistercian communities existed in Dorset for monks — the abbeys of Bindon and Forde. la a very dry season foundations could still be traced near the river, but nothing * Dom Gasquet is evidently wrong in calling it a Priory in his list of Religious Houses. [Ed.] Hi. TARRANT VALLEY. could be determined of the plan of the whole group of buildings, nor of the site of the chapel in which were buried the bodies of Ralph and William de Kohaynes, Queen Joan of Scotland, and Bishop Richard Poore, the rebuilder of the abbey. The church as it now stands dates from the periodof Edward I., and contains a .Norman font and piscina. The Rev. C. R. BASKETT recalled the fact that when he was a boy the stone foundations of the conventual buildings were uncovered, but unfortunately used by the late Mr. Drax as material for the building of his park wall. Coffins and encaustic tiles had also been dug up. The HON. SECRETARY, in answer to a question relating to an ancient brass commemorating one of the priory chaplains, elicited the statement that it had been at one time deposited in the British Museum, and subsequently returned at the request of the late Rector; but that it had disappeared before Mr. Wingate's arrival. The old Tithe Barn was then visited. Attention was called to the date 1518 upon a part of the fine hammer-beam roof. Under the guidance of Mr. Drake some ancient rooms in the adjoining farmhouse were also inspected. On leaving the place, the PRESIDENT expressed the thanks of the Members to the Rector and Mr. Drake for their kind reception of the party, and assured them of their appreciation of the zeal they had shown in the preservation of the interesting remains. TARRANT KEYNSTON CHURCH. This was rebuilt in 1853 from the design of T. H. Wyatt, diocesan architect at the time. TARRANT RUSHTON. The next stopping place was Tarrant Rushton Church, where the party were greeted by the venerable RECTOR (the Rev. James Penny), who is remembered as having been for some TARRANT VALLEY. liii. 20 years the Head-Master of the historic Grammar School of Milton Abbas, and who numbered among his old boys men of the distinction of General Lord Grenfell, Bishop Smythies, and Mr. Bosworth Smith. Addressing the Members present, Mr. Penny described the many interesting features of this remarkable church— the Eomanesque chancel arch, the north transept with its Early English windows, and the rest of the church of the Decorated period, the three hagioscopes in excellent preservation, the mutilated lintel over the south door with what appears to be a lamb, a cross, a fish issuing from the mouth of the lamb, and two figures of men sitting. The party made a close inspection of the church, and much speculation was rife as to the real object of the two jars or vases in niches above the chancel arch, and supposed by some to have been placed there for enriching the voice of the preacher. Mr. Penny reminded the Club how the ancient Greeks and Romans placed hollow vessels in their public buildings for this purpose. He also pointed out in the west wall of the north transept, close to the long, low, lancet-headed window, a plain low door of the same date, which the older inhabitants of that remote village used, within living memory, to call "the lepers' gate." In corroboration of this there was documentary evidence, supported by the actual foundations, of the existence within a few yards of the west wall, and bordering on the running water of the Tarrant, of a leper hospital dedicated to St. Leonard. The HON. SECRETARY expressed the opinion that what the Rector suggested to be an Easter sepulchre on the north side of the east wall of the church was a niche for the statue of the patron saint. liv> TARRANT VALLEY. THE RUSHTON RECTORY MUSEUM.— BUSINESS MEETING. From the church, at the Rector's kind invitation, the party walked to the Rectory and inspected the most interesting collections in his geological and natural history museum. The coleoptera and lepidoptera are especially noticeable. Here a short Business Meeting was held. The one candidate for the membership of the Club was duly elected. The work of Messrs. H. Le Jeune and R. Dawes at the Little Mayne stone circle was duly reported, exactly 50 stones having been found and plotted on the 2 5 -inch map, and a vote of thanks was passed to them. Captain J. E. Acland, curator of the Dorset County Museum, has called attention to important documentary evidence which, if correct, effectually dissipates the idea of some that the so-called stone circle at Little Mayne is not a circle at all, but only a fortuitous concourse of sarsens. Roger Gale, writing in 1710, mentions that the circle had lately been destroyed, and that it formerly had two avenues, one approaching it from the south and one from the east. Thus Chas. Warne may have been right when, in his "Ancient Dorset," he described the Little Mayne circle and avenues as "the finest Druidical temple in the county." COUNTY DEEDS. — VALUABLE GIFT BY MR. E. A. FRY. The HON. SECRETARY read the following letter : — "June 19th, 1909. Thornhill, Kenley, Surrey. Dear Mr. Pentin, — I have a large number of deeds referring to Dorset, which I bought from the executors of the late Mr. James Coleinan, who, as you know, had a vast collection of deeds, &c., which have now been sorted into counties, and are on sale in county lots or in parish lots in those cases where the counties have been sorted into parishes. I should like to present these Dorset deeds to the Dorset Field Club, as the principal county Archaeological Society, but I am confronted by the fact that the Club has no ' habitat ' where the deeds could be stored or inspected by those interested, or where they could be opened out from time to time for the purpose of airing them. The Club has, I believe, its meetings at the Museum in TARRANT VALLEY. Iv. Dorchester, but has no ' rights ' or room of its own therein. Can you suggest any plan by which these deeds, while being the Club's property, could be available to anyone for inspection or copying, if the Museum authorities will house and be responsible for them? The number of deeds is about 1,200, and they fill a box measuring 6ft. by 3ft. by 3ft., done up as they are now in bundles. I have prepared a card catalogue of them arranged under parishes, of which I enclose a few specimens ; but to be of general use they want further calendaring with more details of field names, tenants' names, signatures, &c. My object in presenting this collection to the Club is to form a nucleus around which may gather other gifts of similar deeds and documents relating to the county. Many land and property owners, no doubt, have quantities of deeds, &c., put away as lumber which are of great interest historically, and, if it were known that our Club had already a collection to which they could add them, I feel sure many gentlemen would be glad to send their old deeds and get rid of them usefully. This collection does not pretend to include many very old deeds, charters, or Court or Manor Rolls, but I know there is plenty of information to be found in them which can be found nowhere else. The only condition I should like to make in offering them to the Dorset Field Club is that some competent person be employed in making a really detailed calendar of them, which in course of time might be printed, the sale of which would probably cover the cost (if any) of such calendaring. I enclose a rough list of names of parishes. The deeds themselves are arranged under their parishes in chronological order. There is also a small collection of local Acts of Parliament. — Yours very truly, EDW. ALEX. FEY." Mr. Pentin added that when he received this letter he sub- mitted it to the Executive of the Field Club, and they said that they would be very pleased to accept Mr. Fry's generous gift, and also to pay for the calendaring of the deeds if necessary. Then the Council of the County Museum were willing to house the deeds given to the Club. The PRESIDENT said that they ought to be most grateful to Mr. Fry, since that was the first gift of the kind that the Club had received, and he hoped that it would form a nucleus around which other deeds would be gathered. (Hear, hear.) The Rev. F. W. WEAVER, in seconding the vote of thanks, said that not less had they to thank Mr. Fry for the very interesting and valuable abstracts of the Inquisitiones post mortem, upon making which he had spent much time and money. These deeds were very valuable, and, if they could be calendared and printed in the Club's " Proceedings," it would be a great work for Dorset people to refer to. Mr. FRY, in responding to Ivi. TARRANT VALLEY. the vote of thanks, said that there was much more in these deeds than many would think, and he hoped that landowners would add to the collection. Air. Fry then read a paper on the descent of the manor of Tarrant Gunville. Before leaving the Rectory the party were invited to partake of coffee and light refreshments, including strawberries and cream— very welcome after the drive. TARRANT RAWSTON. The party drove on to the neighbouring church of Tarrant Rawston, with its ivy-mantled tower and pyramidal roof. Here they were received courteously by Mr. JOHN COSSINS, of the Manor House, who read a short paper on Tarrant Rawston Manor, also called Tarrant Antioch, and its church, which belonged originally to Shaftesbury Abbey. The PRESIDENT expressed the thanks of the club to Mr. Cossins. The HON. SEC. said they were glad to have been able to visit this church because it had so pleasing an exterior. Mr. Weaver and he thought that the encaustic tiles placed around the font might originally have belonged to Tarrant Abbey. TARRANT MONKTON. Time did not admit of the party entering the church of Tarrant Monkton or Monachorum, although the Vicar (the Rev. .W. F. Adye) was present to show it. The whole church has been rebuilt, with the exception of the tower, which is inter- esting. In Tarrant Monkton, or rather in the adjoining hamlet of Tarrant Launceston, which is really a part of it, was anciently a fraternity, for in a schedule of legacies of Wm. Lovel, of " Tarent Rawson," who died 33 Henry VIII., is included the bequest of two heifers to " the brotherhood of Our Lady at Tarent Monkton." Both brotherhood and house have quite disappeared. TARRANT VALLEY. Mi. TARRANT HINTON. At Tarrant Hinton Church the RECTOR, the Rev. E. J. Heriz Smith, received the party and pointed out the chief features of the building, which is of the Perpendicular style. Of an earlier structure there remain fragments of Norman zigzag moulding, built into the wall over the south door, and a fine Norman font of dark -brown ironstone, with square bowl supported by a central stem and four slender shafts, and its sides adorned with a shallowly -carved arcading. There is the piscina of a side altar, a hagioscope, and altar rails, the undoubted work of Grinling Gibbons, as they came from Pembroke College Chapel, which he was employed to adorn with his carving. Of the three bells, said the Rector, one is of the date 1450, as could be proved by the marks it bears of the Shaftesbury bell founders. One of the most noticeable features of the church is the richly-carved Easter sepulchre, of Renaissance feeling, built in 1520 by the then Rector, Thomas Trotwell or Weaver. TARRANT GUNVILLE AND EASTBURY. The party drove on to Tarrant Gunville, the furthest point of the day's trip. Here they had almost an embarras de richesse in the matter of hospitality, for, while Mr. and Mrs. H. F. W. Farquharson had invited the Club to tea at Eastbury House, an equally kind invitation had been received from Mr. and Mrs. Hughes-Gibb, of the Manor House. The party had the pleasure of visiting both houses, some taking tea at one and some at the other ; and the cordiality and comfort which they found under the roofs of their kind hosts and hostesses made ample amends for all the hardships of the way and the buffeting of wind and rain. Eastbuiy House is noted as the remaining wing of the imposing mansion here reared, in this picturesque and richl}- -timbered parkland, by the famous Geo. Bubb Dodington, who, although only the son of a Weymouth apothecary, yet by his natural ability and shrewdness, and especially by his adroitness in electioneering in that borough, got himself raised to the pe»rage in 1761 as Lord Melcombe. This remarkable man was at one time envoy extraordinary to the Court of Spain and plenipoteniary there, and he was also Member of Parliament for Bridgwater, Weymouth, and Melcombe Regis. The house, which cost £140,000, was Iviii. TARRANT VALLEY1. described by Cumberland in 17/56 as "magnificent, massy, and stretching to a great extent in front, with an enormous portico of Doric columns." Yet the greater part of the structure, despite its massiness and magnificence, was pulled down within a few years, leaving only the wing which now forms Mr. Farquharson's residence. Most of the party climbed the staircase to the tower- top to take a glimpse of the extensive view, which can only be enjoyed properly on a fine day. The rooms were also inspected, some of them of much interest— for example, the haunted chamber ; the small room adjoining, beautifully panelled from floor to ceiling in oak ; the apartment called the Greenroom, next to the drawing room, elegantly adorned by Josiah Wedgwood himself, who was for a time the owner of Eastbury. Among the pictures the visitors noticed particularly the fine equestrian portrait of Mr. James John Farquharsoii and his famous huntsman, Jim Treadwell. This portrait, by Francis Grant, was presented to Mr. Farquharson by the friends of his hunt in 1857 as a proof of their regard and esteem, and in recognition of the kind and liberal manner in which he hunted the county of Dorset at his sole expense for half a century. After the PRESIDENT had expressed the hearty thanks of the Club to Mr. and Mrs. Farquharson the party proceeded to the Manor House. This house, set in beautifully-kept grounds and gardens, contains a variety of things of beauty and interest. Time is inexorable, and, though the visitors would fain have stayed longer, they had soon to remount their carriages and return to Blandford to catch their trains. On driving away from the Manor House, after bidding Mr. and Mrs. Hughes-Gibb and their family adieu, they had a good view of Tarrant Gunville Church, which was entirely re-built in 1845, and the rector of which (the Rev. J. L. Rhye) joined the party at Eastbury. The drive to Blandford through " the fine champaign country " would have been much enjoyed but for the incessant rain. Thus ended the " Torrent " Valley meeting of vivid memory ! TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. Hx. THIRD SUMMER MEETING. TAUNTON AXD DUNSTER. THE THIRD SUMMER MEETING of the Club took place on Wednesday and Thursday, August 25th and 26th. The attend- ance of Members was rather disappointing, although the weather was fine. The party arrived at Taunton by train at 12.35, and repaired to the Castle Hotel, which had been chosen as headquarters. CLEEVE ABBEY. At 1.45 a start was made from Taunton for Wash ford Station, whence a short walk brought the visitors to the somewhat extensive remains of the Cistercian Abbey of Cleeve. Upon their arrival the Rev. F. W. WEAVER (who kindly acted as guide) gave the following account of the Abbey and its past history : — Cleeve Abbey was founded between 1186 and 1191 by William de Eomara, and is thus of somewhat later foundation than the two great Cistercian Abbeys of Dorset— Ford founded in 1140 and Bindon in 1172. Cleeve was the only Cistercian house in Somerset. All Cistercian houses were given the status of abbeys, and all dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The last Abbot of Ford was made by the authorities at Citeaux visitor of all the monasteries in the south- west of England ; and, therefore, he conceived that he was right in saying that Ford was looked upon as the mother of them all. He called attention to the only remaining portion of the cloisters, that on the west side, and pointed to the entrance which was used by the conversl, or lay brethren, whom the Cistercians, who were great fanners and wool growers, were in the habit of associating to themselves for the sake of the assistance which they gave them in agricultural work — in the tilling of the fields and the tending of their flocks and herds. These eonrersi, although engaged in agricultural work, were at first monks to all intents and purposes, subject to the rule of the Order ; but in later times this strictness was relaxed, and they were allowed to live in the village and to marry. In the north wall he pointed out a seat which was, perhaps, occupied by the claustral prior, who kept order in the cloisters. Of the magnificent church of the abbey only the foundations remained, overgrown with moss and grass. At the end of each of the transepts were two square chapels, still traceable by their foundations. But, though the demolition of the church was to be regretted ix> TAtfNTON AND DtfNSTER. deeply, it was gratifying that, thanks to Mr. Luttrell, the domestic buildings had been preserved almost intact. He pointed out, on the east side of the garth, the sacristy, or vestry, next to it the entrance to the library, the beautiful entrance to the chapter house, and then the stone stairs leading up to the dormitory, which extended beyond the refectory right along over the chapter house, chequer, and sacristy. On the south side of the garth was the refectory of the late loth or early 16th century. Usually the refectory was at right angles to the cloisters, and a few years ago the site of the old refectory was discovered at right angles to the new one, with a magnificent floor of encaustic tiles. He pointed out on the south side of the cloister garth the lavatory where the monks used to wash their hands before meals. Under Mr. Weaver's guidance the party then went over the buildings, examining first the foundations of the church, and then passing on to the sacristy, with a fine round 13th century window of a diameter of no less than seven feet and a-half, and to the chapter -house, its roof with a quadripartite vaulting in two spans. In the surviving portion of the dormitory Mr. Weaver said he supposed that it was the largest and finest monastic dormitory remaining in the British Isles. It used to extend right over the day room or calefactory, so called because it was warmed in the winter time, when it was used as a laboratory, study, and workshop. When Mr. Luttrell bought the property it was in a deplorable state, occupied by cows and pigs. After showing the slype or narrow way leading to the monks' cemetery, he led the party to inspect the beautiful heraldic tiles forming the floor of the old refectory, and thence they proceeded to mount the stone stairs of the fine new refectory (" new " being, of course, used comparative^ ; certainly not absolutely.) It is a Perpendicular hall built over an Early English substructure. On the east side the transoms of the Perpendicular windows are enriched with bands pierced with quatrefoils. Attention was called to a recess, which may mark the site of the pulpit, from which the lector read to the brethren during meal-time. Close by it is a large Tudor fireplace, probably inserted when, after the Dissolution, the premises were put to other uses. The roof, of Spanish chestnut, as far as one could judge, is a beautiful feature, richly panelled, and the hammer-beams carved to represent angels and other figures. Mr. Weaver observed that that beautiful refectory had been attributed to Abbot Dovel or Dowell ; but that Abbot did not begin to reign until 1510, and he himself assumed that the room was begun about the year 1470, when the wool trade in Somerset was very flourishing and money plentiful. At the east end of the hall can still be discerned traces of a painted Rood in distemper. Mr. Weaver took the opportunity of here saying something about that appendage to Cleeve, the Chapel of St. Mary by the Sea, a famous place of pilgrimage. On leaving Cleeve, the visitors inspected the gatehouse, the latest portion of the buildings, and its date determined, approximately at any rate, not only by the architecture, but also TAUNtON AND Dt'NSTER. Ixi. by the name of Abbot Dovell carved on the face of the inner wall, the abbatial staff impaling the letter " V " and turning it practically into a " W." Over the entrance is carved the distych " Porta patens esto Xulli claudaris honesto." Captain ELWES offered the luminous suggestion that the word "honesto" was not without a subtle and half-humorous reference, in the spirit of the age, to the Abbot's own name — " Do- well." Under the shadow of this ever-open door, shutting to no "honest" persons, the ACTING PRESIDENT voiced the hearty thanks of the Club to Mr. Weaver for so kindly and so ably acting as guide, and for the learned address which he had given them. Mr. WEAVER, in a few words of acknowledgment, observed that the chief part of the work which he had done in connection with Cleeve had been not on the masonry of the Abbey, but on the documents relating to it. TAUNTON CASTLE AND MUSEUM. On regaining Taunton, the party refreshed themselves with tea at the hotel, after which, precisely at six o'clock, they presented themselves at the Castle gates, where Mr. St. George Gray was kindly in attendance by appointment to show them over the Castle and the fine Museum of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society which is now lodged within the ancient walls. After greetings had been exchanged Mr. GRAY warned the visitors that some of the neighbouring buildings were only castellated copies, less than a hundred years old, of the Castle itself. But the two arches of the gateway, upon which the modern superstructure was erected, were the original arches of the outer eastern gateway. He pointed out the Old Grammar School of Taunton, of the date 1544, and the original situation of the Castle moat adjoining the River Tone. The inner gateway of the Castle was built in 1196 by Bishop Langton, of Winchester, for the Bishops of Winchester owned the Castle of jxii. TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. Taunton for 800 years, using it as a western residence down from Saxon times. Now nothing was left to them but certain water rights. After reading the inscriptions upon the gateway, " Vive le Roi Henri" and " Laus tibi Xpe," the party entered the ancient building now occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Gray and decorated and furnished in admirable taste. The largest room was a schoolroom, and amongst the old boys who had obtained celebrity was Sir Robert Hart, of China, who spent a year and a-half there. From his house he led the way to the supposed site of the Saxon and Norman Castle. (The Saxon Castle was associated with the name of Ilia, King of the West Saxons.) The great hall of the Castle, 120 feet long and 31 wide, is now the principal part of the Museum. The assizes for the county were held in it up to the year 1855 or 1856, and here in 1685 Judge Jeffreys sat to hold the Bloody Assize. He pointed out one of the latest acquisitions of the Museum — the state coach in which the Sheriff of the county brought the judges of assize to the court. The earliest part of the castle was of the date 1136, with typical Norman buttresses, and walls of a thickness of no less than 13 feet. Entering the Museum and Library, the party proceeded to inspect its treasures, all of which are arranged and described in a manner that reflects great credit on the Curator. Mr. Gray mentioned that the society have a library of 20,000 books. Among the miscellaneous objects on view inside the door is a reliquary, supposed to contain the blood of Thomas a'Becket, and an ancient jug with a pewter lid, bearing, it is said, one of the only five signatures of William Shakespere known to exist, with the date of 1602. In Roman tesselated floors the Somerset Museum is not so rich as the Dorset ; but one fine specimen of Roman mosaic depicts with wonderful life and modernity of feeling two hunters bringing home a stag killed in the chase. The stag is slung by the legs on a pole borne on their shoulders. Each hunter has a spear in his hand, and the indispensable dog is also in the picture. As Mr. Gray observed, the designs of these mosaics are usually geometrical patterns, and a scene of the chase like this is of far greater interest. The party proceeded to inspect the implements of the Bronze Age in which, Mr. Gray remarked, the Museum is rich, and which includes fine bronze swords, six palstaves, or axes, and a broken spearhead found in the laying of a drain between Wilton Church and Sherford, and the founder's hoard of bronze implements discovered in Wick Park, near Stogursey, in 1870, and deposited on loan by Sir Alexander Acland Hood. In the same case the visitors had the good fortune to see the latest and perhaps the greatest treasure of all— the much-talked-of British gold tore, or torque, found recently at Hendford Hill, near Yeovil. The tore, which looks as fresh and bright as if it had just come straight from the hands of the goldsmith, weighs oozs. and 7'5 dwts., and its bullion value is £24. The party next looked at the good tAUNTON AND DUNSTER. Ixiii. collection of encaustic tiles, the fine range of Somerset coins and tokens, the series of Saxon silver coins, beginning with that famous mint-founder, King Athelstan, being especially markworthy. Entering the large hall, formerly the Court of Assize, the party were struck by its dignified dimensions, and the noble timber roof which was revealed to sight when the low plastered ceiling was demolished. It cost £850 to restore the roof and the rest of the hall before it was fit for the reception of the Museum collections, which are here so effectively set out. In view of the Clab's visits to the Belgic lake villages of Glastonbury and Meare, and the lecture on the excavations given to the Club by Mr. Gray at Wells last year, attention was immediately arrested by the fine case of relics from the Glastonbury lake village. Most interesting and instructive was it to see, alongside the old bone weaving combs, the specimen of weaving in three colours done by Mrs. Whistler, of Chesilborne, showing the way in which the weft was worked in by means of wooden imitations of the perforated meta-tarsal bones of sheep found in the Glastonbury Lake Village. Next year, remarked Mr. Gray, they were going to begin work on the Meare Lake Village, which is twice as large as the Glastonbury Lake Village, which has been excavated ; and, if they proceeded at the same rate, it would take 20 years to complete the task ! Xear by the Lake Village case was one which caught up the thoughts of the visitors, and took them back to Dorset — some of the duplicate finds made at Maumbury Rings last year, especially the picks of red-deer antler found in the prehistoric pit or shaft which is, with one exception, the deepest archaeological excavation ever made in the country. Another case of much interest is that containing the finds, of the Bronze Age, from Wick Barrow, popularly called " Pixies' Mound," Stoke Courcy, excavated in 190", especially the skulls, the three beakers found with the secondary interment, a fine flint knife or dagger, and a human tibia of the platycnemic or " sharp-shinned " type. Other exhibits of note are the fine collection of Elton ware from Clevedon ; the assortment of old club brasses, pole-heads, and emblems ; Mr. John Marshall's collection of British " Albino " birds, the finest British collection, and including (ornithological paradox) specimens of the white blackbird ! There is, said Mr. Gray, no finer collection in the kingdom than that in the Taunton Museum of the bones of the extinct mammalia found in the Mendip Caves ; and as the party gazed at the complete skeleton of the hyaena, and the remains of other big game, long extinct, he mentioned that natural science experts from London frequently come down to make drawings of these bones for comparative purposes. The party next inspected a beautiful case of 17th and ISth century Somerset pottery, made at Wincanton, Ilminster, Bristol, and Watchet, which last pottery is now extremely rare. The finest specimen of Somerset and Bristol pottery is a fine dish, dated of the same year as Sedgemoor — 16S5. There are also on view specimens of the curious and tricksy old fuddling cup or " jolly boy." After dinner at the Castle Hotel a short Business Meeting was held. lxlv. TAUNTON AND The HON. SECRETARY took the opportunity to state that the 1200 deeds relating to the county of Dorset which had been presented to the Club by Mr. E. A. Fry, of London, were now in the County Museum, and the Club were inviting offers of help from Members in the matter of making abstracts of these deeds in order that they may be printed. Mr. H. Symonds, of Bridport, and Mr. W. B. Wildman, the Sherborne historian, had volun- teered their assistance, and they were well qualified for the work ; but it was too big a job for only two pairs of hands, and the Club would be glad to have further offers of help. THE AVEBURY EXCAVATIONS. Mr. H. ST. GEORGE GRAY delivered an able lecture on " The Avebury Excavations of 1908 and 1909," which were carried out under his direction. The lecture was marked with all Mr. Gray's characteristic clearness, fulness, and precision of state- ment, and its interest was much enhanced by the exhibition of a series of lantern slides made from photographs taken by Mr. Gray himself, some of them being of marked beauty as well as of scientific interest. The excavations were carried out the first year under the auspices of the British Association, and this year the fund was supplemented by donations from the Society of Antiquaries and other learned bodies and individuals. The return in actual relics was trifling when compared with the cost of obtaining them. Mr. Gray observed (and this observation is relevant to the digging of Maumbury Rings now proceeding) that the success or non-success of archaeological investiga- tions was to be gauged, not by the number and excellence of the relics found, but by the extension of archaeological knowledge. The lecturer gave a vivid idea of the impressively majestic sight which Avebury must have presented when it was perfect, with its two inner circles of megaliths on an area of land 1,400 feet in diameter within the huge encircling vallum, whereas the corresponding diameter of Stonehenge measures but 300 feet ; and with the dignified approach to it through the Kennet Avenue, which, although there are now but eleven stones left in alignment, formerly comprised 300 stones. Avebury in its glory, with the Kennet Avenue, consisted of no less than 650 stones, but at present only about 45 remained. The relationship, if any, which Avebury has to its great neighbour, Silbury Hill— the largest artificial mound in Britain — has yet to be determined. Mr. Gray gave a detailed description of the excavation of the TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. Ixv. great ditch, in which, as the workmen dug down, they recovered relics of modern, mediaeval, and Roman times, and then of the prehistoric Iron, Bronze, and Stone Ages. Eed-deer antler picks were found resting on the hard chalk bottom of the ditch, together with the shoulder blades of oxen, which were used as spades ! The great foss at Avebury was the largest ancient ditch ever excavated iii England. As to the result of the excavations, they had practically proved Avebury to date back to the late Stone Age, whereas they knew that Stonehenge was of the Early Bronze Age. It had always been supposed that Avebury was somewhat earlier than Stonehenge, because the stones were not dressed as they were at Stonehenge. A short discussion followed the lecture. The ACTING PRESIDENT, in expressing appreciation of Mr. Gray's most interesting lecture, said that the stones themselves were mysterious— masses of sand cemented together by some cohesive element, while the uncemented sand had been washed away, until these megaliths had come down to rest on the geologically far earlier chalk beds. Canon LANGFORD asked Mr. Gray if he could suggest the purpose for which a place like Avebury was constructed. Was it sepulchral, religious, or political ? Mr. GRAY answered that in England no circle had been proved to be sepulchral, although in Scotland the majority had been found to be so, interments having been found in most of them. It was easier to prove the date of these places than their actual purpose. He added that his report for this year had gone to the Winnipeg meeting of the British Association. With the third season's work they would probably complete their investigation of Avebury. The HON. SECRETARY proposed a hearty vote of thanks to Mr. Gray for his lecture. Canon LANGFORD said that, as the oldest Member of the Club attending the meeting, he should be glad to second it, and the vote was carried with applause. Lxvi. TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. THURSDAY. MAGDALENE CHURCH AND PRIORY "BARN." After breakfast a visit was paid to the Church of St. Mary Magdalene, which was oiiginally built in 1308, and the vicarage endowed by the neighbouring priory. Of the original church little remains beyond a portion of the north aisle. The main part of the present spacious and handsome church, with that unusual feature — a double aisle on either side — was erected in 1508. Shortly after 1860 the fine old tower, one of the loftiest and most beautiful towers of Somerset, was found to be in a dangerous state, and was taken down. The present tower, an exact reproduction of it, was built in 1862. " Marlen '•' church and tower — for so Magdalene is rendered in broad Somerset dialect — is declared to be the pride of the natives of Taunton Deane for miles around. The Vicar, the Ven. Archdeacon Askwith, was unfortunately away, and so not able to receive the Club, to whom he had given a cordial invitation to visit the church. A few Members of the Club found their way with some difficulty to the so-called Priory Barn, situated at the further end of St. James's Street, and a building which, although now used partly as a barn and partly as a stable, certainly had a more reputable ancestry. In the gable end nearest the road are two good Early Decorated windows, one above the other, each consisting of two lancet-headed lights with chamfers, and with a graceful cinquefoil in the apex, the whole surmounted by a hood mould. This is a building to which obviously the antiquaries of Somerset ought to give more heed and take means for its preservation. DUNSTER CASTLE. At 10.35 the party left^ Taunton Station for Dunster. The picturesque village street, with its quaintly-designed "Yarn- Market" and many remains of Tudor domestic architecture, TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. Ixvii. nestling under the Castle hill, is a most striking and delightful survival of feudal days. Between Dunster and Dorset, there is more than one connecting link. For instance, the Dorset family of de Mohun (afterward abbreviated to the less distinguished and less euphonious form " Moon,") of Fleet (" Moon Fleet ") and Hammoon, are direct descendants of the Norman family of the Mohuns, or Moions, who built the Castle, and from whom it passed by purchase to the present owners. To be precise, after the death in 1376 of John de Mohun, his widow, Lady Joan, sold the reversion to Lady Elizabeth Luttrell. second cousin of the Black Prince, and in the possession of her descendants it remained to the present day. When in Dunster Priory Church, later in the day, the Club observed the incised grave slab of this same Lady Elizabeth Luttrell, with an inscription in Old English characters recording her death in 1400 (MCCCC). Another tie with Dorset is that Colonel Francis Luttrell, of Duuster, in 1680 married Mary, the beautiful daughter and heiress of John Tregonwell, of Milton Abbey. They had one son ; but he died young, and thereupon the Dorset property went back to Mary Tregonwell, who afterwards married Sir Jacob Baiicks. Mr. Luttrell, before leading the way over the Castle and pointing out the principal apartments and the many objects of interest, value, and beauty which they contain, characterised the building tersely as an Elizabethan front put on to the older fortified structure of the reign of Henry III. The grand staircase furnishes a good example of the costly wood- work executed in this country by Italian workers in the reign of Charles II., who is said to have visited the Castle himself. The bedroom he occupied is still shown, with the narrow secret passage, or room, with a seat at the end of it, constructed in the thickness of the wall at the back of the bedstead head, and a place of refuge in case of sudden alarm. Another spacious apartment, commanding a landscape and seascape of surpassing beauty, was occupied as a bedroom by our present King when, as Prince of Wales, he visited the Castle. It was, before that visit, the drawing-room, and has a fine plaster ceiling. In Prince Charles's room is an interesting plaster chimney piece, moulded with figures representing Plenty and Poverty and other subjects, and said to be the work of local workmen in 1620, which year appears on it in Arabic numerals. In another fine apartment the attention of the party was arrested by some beautiful examples of painted leather of Spanish workmanship, of the 17th century, suggestive of tapestry, but bolder and more brilliant. Scenes from the story of Antony and Cleopatra are vigorously represented by the artist. In the great hall one notices a modern fireplace of Tudor style, carved with a facsimile of the entry in Domesday recording that in the time of Edward the Ixviii. TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. Confessor Al uric held " Torre," as Dunster was then called (cj. the Dartmoor " tors " and the latin " turris "), and there had his castcllitm, so that there was a Saxon as well as Norman and Early English Castle at Dunster. In the same hall is to be seen in a glass case the fine collection of original deeds of the Luttrell family, with the seals attached to them. When in 1650 Prynne incurred the displeasure of Oliver Cromwell he was sent for detention to Dunster Castle, upon which the Parliament's order for " slighting," had happily not been executed, and there he amused himself by arranging the family muniments. One of the most interesting is an acknowledgment of the Lady Joan Mohun to Lady Elizabeth Luttrell for 5,000 marks paid for the Castle of Dunster. Had time only permitted, the visitors would have been glad, on bidding adieu to Mr. and Mrs. Luttrell, to linger in the lovely gardens, where thriving exotics bear witness to the exceptional mildness of the climate. Besides sturdy palms one notices particularly a lemon tree, loaded with lemons of full size ripening in the open air. DUNSTER PRIORY CHURCH. On the way to the church the lofty-timbered house known as the " Nunnery " was passed, never apparently, notwithstanding its name, used for conventual purposes — an exceedingly pictur- esque half-timber building of considerable size. The Vicar of the Priory Church, Prebendary Hancock, F.S.A., was unfortunately unable to return from a journey in time to receive the party, and in his absence the Club were once more indebted to the good offices of the Rev. F. W. Weaver. The monks of Dunster were Benedictines ; Dunster was a cell of Bath Abbey. The Bishop of Bath and Wells was titular Abbot, and the Prior of Dunster was always appointed from the monks of Bath. At Dunster the monks and the parishioners divided the Church between them ; the monastic quire being situated east of the tower.* In the people's portion of the building, the visitors' attention was called to the beautiful screen, the carving of which was much admired. Another screen formerly stood under the eastern arch of the tower, * As the result of a dispute in 149^, the space within the tower and two transepts was adjudged to be neutral ground. The people's Altar was placed under the western tower arch, where it remained until the last century, when— as Freeman observes in speaking of Dunster—" < restoration ' had its usual effect of wiping out history." A portion of the old monks' screen may now be seen, utilised as a parclose in the south choir aisle. [Ed.] TAUNTON AND DUXSTER. Ixix. fencing off the Monks' Church. The Church has a fine timber roof, and some interesting fragments of old glass remain in the Lady Chapel ; several windows are filled with good modern glass, chiefly by Clayton and Bell. Canon Langford led the way into the old-world vicarage garden, and invited the Members to admire the view from this favourable standpoint and to see the ancient pigeon-house, which contains still, as is the case at Athelhampton, the original revolving ladder. At a short Business Meeting held at Dunster one candidate was duly elected a Member of the Club. After luncheon at the Luttrell Arms the party took train at 2.36 on the return journey, well satisfied with the successful two days' meeting. Ixx. ST. .ELDHELM'S HEAD. LAST SUMMER MEETING. ST. ^LDHELM'S HEAD. THE SEASON'S EXCURSIONS were brought to a close by a visit to the district contiguous to St. jEldhelm's Head on Thursday, September 1 6th. The weather was all that could be desired, and over 80 Members were in attendance, including Lord Eustace Cecil, the Lord- Lieutenant, Dr. Colley March, the Hon. Editor, and the Assistant Secretary. The party assembled at Corfe railway station at 11.20 and drove to Lynch, whence a short walk brought them to Scoles, an interesting example of the small i yth century manor house. The oldest and most interesting part of the buildings is an outhouse at the back, forming one side of the dairy yard. On the yard side is a very substantial buttress with two set-offs and an elegant window, now walled up, of two lancet-headed lights, with a hood-mould following the curves of the heads of the lights. This window appears to be i3th or early 14-th century in date ; and the fact that the building orientates strengthens the likelihood that Hutchins is right in suggesting that this was formerly the chapel. It had in his time, about 1780, been turned into a barn, and as such it is still used. Lord EUSTACE CECIL expressed the Club's regret at the absence of the President and his own pleasure at being able to meet the Club once more, if only for a short time, and to find that it was in so flourishing a condition and maintaining its former prestige. He then called upon Mr. Le Jeune. Mr. LE JEUNE said that his attention was first called to the problematical old building by Mr. Best, formerly postmaster at Wareham. After inviting admiration of the quiet, simple beauty of the blocked-up window, mutely eloquent of a past usage different from and superior to the present, he called attention especially to the puzzling recesses in the west gable end of the building, six of them on the ground level and two constructed in the thickness of the wall a few feet above. (All were evidently constructed designedly when the wall was built, for there is a relieving or discharging arch built over each recess, though in such a way that here and there the arches do not relieve or discharge the CJU OQ ST. .^LDHELM'S HEAD. Ixxi. superincumbent weight of the stonework, but let it press, partially at any rate, upon the stone lintels of the recesses.) These recesses, continued Mr. Le Jeune, led him to suggest a few years ago that this small building was a lazar-house, or leper hospital, and that the recesses were intended for the reception of the charitable gifts of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood— the two upper ones foi the reception of food, which would there be out of the reach of dogs or other marauding animals, and the six lower ones for the reception of fuel, garments, and other things not likely to be touched by animals. When the charitable had brought their gifts and deposited them in the recesses they withdrew, and there- upon the lepers, who were forbidden to associate with the healthy for fear of communicating the contagion, came out and took the welcome goods. Mr. Le Jeune added a few words about the probable derivation of the word " Scoles." As part originally of the Manor of Kingston, which belonged to the Abbey of Shaftesbury, it is said to have been granted by tie Abbess to the Scoville family, in which case "Scoles" would most likely be a contraction of " Scovilles." But Mr. Le Jeune now suggested a new idea. In Scotland the word " scowl " denotes a hut, and he suggested that the lepers may have lived in huts, and that thus the name came to be applied to the place. The Eev. R. Grosvenor Bartelot, Vicar of Fordington St. George, who while Curate of Corfe Castle was a diligent student of the antiquities of the neighbour- hood, had promised to give some particulars about Robert Dackombe, of Scowles, by whom the present house is generally supposed to have been built. He was unable to be present owing to having to conduct a funeral, but had sent the following short paper, which was read : — "I fear that I must use this opportunity to rebut strongly two of the oft- reiterated inexactitudes of which Robert Dackombe, of Scoles, has been the subject. I am indebted to Mr. J. Dacombe, of Bournemouth, for valuable notes on the family. First, I am certain that he was not the builder of this miniature Jacobean mansion, as has been so often stated. Secondly, I am convinced that not only did he not die in the year 1651, as is stated in Hutchins, the Purbeck Society's papers, and elsewhere, but that he was alive at least a dozen years later, and did not die till after the Restoration of Charles II. Let me then describe Robert Dackombe, so far as I have been able to unearth anything about him, as having been one of those ' son and heirs ' of a distinguished father, who live and die without leaving any mark on the generation in which they live. He certainly lived through a stirring historic period. From his windows here he must have seen the sieges of Corfe Castle and heard the cannons roar. But while his brother Bruen Dackombe, of Corfe Manor House, lived the life of a roystering Cavalier, paying dearly for his loyalty by donations and fines, which almost ruined the ancestral estates, Robert lived here in his homely bower, looked after the farming of his little estate, superintended the brewing of his nut-brown ale, and saw to the racking of his ' blue vinney ' cheese. He cared nothing for politics. He might easily have asserted his hereditary right to represent this pocket borough in Parliament, or have occupied the mayoral chair, as his father Ixxii. ST. ^LDHELM'S HEAD. and maternal grandfather had done before him. But he does not seem even to have stood for churchwarden, sidesman, or overseer. I have no doubt that the Chancery suit of May 21st, 1683, describes him correctly when it says : — ' Robert's father had directed him, in default of any issue of his own, to leave Scoles to his brother Bruen ; but Robert, being a weake man, was prevailed upon to make some conveyance of the lands to his sister Mary, who had married Thomas Morton, gent.' "Who then was the builder of this early Jacobean house which to-day commands our attention ': The answer is that Robert's father was its projector. Edward Dackombe, Esq., was indeed a man of action and resource. A diligent and popular magistrate, a member for Corfe Castle in nearly all the Parliaments of the first two Stuart Sovereigns, Mayor of his native borough at least four times, this Purbeck worthy deserves to be credited with the authorship of this really fine piece of domestic architecture. In 1628 died Thomas Bondfield, 'marbler,' of Corfe Castle. Some time before that date Edward Dackombe purchased from Bondfield the quarry ' next to his farm of Scoles.' I have no doubt that a little investigation by the geologists of this Club will determine the locality from which the ashlar with which Scoles House was built was quarried. I feel sure that Edward Dackombe, as a practical man, wished to save himself the expenses of lengthy hill haulage and vexatious royalties, so he purchased the nearest quarry to the spot he had chosen for his house. The quarry he specially mentions in his will dated November 23rd, 1635, bequeathing it to his son Robert. I do not say that Edward did not build Scoles purposely for his son Robert to live in. That this was the case is strengthened by the fact that on October 4th, 1631, the latter was married at Turnworth to Barbara, daughter of George Twynihoe, Esq. May we not picture him then as a handsome bridegroom of 23 summers transporting his happy bride on a pillion behind him, clinging to his belt buckle as he rides up the shady avenue and lifts her across the threshold of this their future home, still fresh and white from the hammers and chisels of the Purbeck marbler masons." Mr. Bartelot had added to his paper the full inventory, dated May 12th, 1G63, "taken of all the goods and chatties, moveable and unmoveable, of the late deceased Robert Dackombe, Gent., of Scoles, m the parishe of Corfe Castle," in the hall, the hell-chamber, the parlor chamber, and the buttery chamber. Space will admit of our mentioning only a few of the articles of furniture, to wit :— In the hall, "one table board and frame and forme, one livery cupbord with a cushion and cubercloth, £1 ; one pair of andires, a pair of iron dogges, and a pot hungrell, 8s. ; one muskett furnished and a pocket pistoll, £1. In the parlor chamber were, among other things, one standing bedsteed, a trucklebedsteed, curtaynes, and valens, £2 5s. " That Robert was not a teetotaler we gather from the fact that in the buttery chamber were "five beere barrells and a tunning dish." That he was a devout man is equally to be inferred from the presence in the hell chamber of " three Bibles and one common praier booke," besides 13 old books (whether of theology or not is not said), the lot valued at a pound sterling. The total value of all the "goods and chatties " was £35 15s. Id. ST. ALDHELM'S HEAD. Ixxiii. BLASHENWELL AND ITS " FINDS." It had been intended also to visit Blashenwell, which lies in the fields on the right side of the road as one goes from Corfe to Kingston ; but time did not admit of this. Hutchins gives the derivation of the name as from the Anglo-Saxon " Blek," a space or interruption, the spring which now rises close to the house, flowing only during very wet seasons, like the Winterbournes and others near Chalk hills. It was in the tufa deposited by this stream in times long gone by that Mr. Clement Reid, when surveying this part about 15 years ago, found a skeleton in a stone-lined grave, which he said was Neolithic. Mr. Le Jeune recently gave Captain Acland, for the Dorset County Museum, a photo of what remains of the grave. Almost adjoining the grave there is a kistvaen, from which the skull was taken in January last year, and which was eventually buried in the churchyard. Mr. Bulfin and Mr. Moullin took some photos of it, which are now in the Museum. The kist-vaen is still in situ, and there are evidences of others close by. Mr. Le Jeune exhibited photos of the interment and stones. KINGSTON AND ITS CHURCHES. On climbing the steep hill into Kingston, the party repaired first to the handsome and costly new church built by Lord Eldon, and were here received courteously by the Vicar (the Rev. S. C. Spencer Smith). When the visitors were seated in the church The Rev. S. C. SPENCER SMITH gave a short account of the two churches. He said tvat the first Lord Eldon, the great Chancellor, bought the property there from Mr. Wm. Morton Pitt, and then built the old parish church of St. James. The architect was George Stanley Repton, who, he believed, made a runaway marriage with Lady Elizabeth Scott, daughter of the first Lord Eldon, just as he before had run away with his bride, Miss Elizabeth Surtees. The church was built on the site of an ancient chapel, which was said to have possessed no features of interest. The voussoirs of a Norman arch, incised with shallow ens- cross oruameutatiou, are now to be seen built into the outer west wall of the old IXXIV. ST. JELDHELM'S HEAD. parish church, aud these probably represent all that remains of the previous chapel. The oldest inhabitants of the viUage 30 years ago told him that there was a staircase outside that old chapel which led to a west gallery for the accommodation of a church baud, and the baud performed for a time after the new church had been built on the spot. The band was superseded by a barrel or grind organ. When he came into the Isle of Purbeck 30 years ago there were five barrel organs in Purbeck ; and when a person wrote to the Guardian asking if any were still in existence in England, he was able to say that there were five in Purbeck alone— at Kingston, Steeple, Tyneham, Creech Grange, and Bushey (a little place not far from Corfe Castle). At the foot of the mural tablet to the first Lord Eldon was a fine medallion profile by Chantrey of the great Chancellor. The new church, opened about 30 years ago, was built by Lord Eldon from the designs of George Edmund Street, and is a most beautiful and costly example of that great architect's work and favourite style. All the stone and marble came from close by, except the steps at the altar rails, which were of Dublin marble, which was also composed of shells. The bed of Purbeck marble ran all down this valley, from Swanage to Tyneham. All the Purbeck marble in England, wherever one saw it — in the Temple Church and most of the cathedrals — came from this valley. In geologic time it was an estuary of the sea ; the shells of which the marble was composed were deposited and eventually pressed into marble. The outside staircase turret, which was introduced by Mr. Street at Lord Eldon's request, was a copy of that at Christchurch Prioiy. All the glass windows were put in by Messrs. Clayton and Bell. Mr. Street was very particular about the windows. The best artists were employed, and therefore the drawing was good and the colouring fine. The figures in the south aisle were all Christian saints and in the north aisle Old Testament saints. The organ, by Young aud Oldknow, was very flue, although it became rather easily affected by damp. There was also in the tower a very fine peal of eight bells, by Taylor, of Loughborough, the tenor weighing about SOcwt., and their ringing, for a village, was good. The ACTING PRESIDENT having expressed the hearty thanks of the Club to the Vicar, the party made an inspection of the church and then walked on to the old church, at which a few glances sufficed. The Norman arch is the most interesting thing here, and the most beautiful the exquisite medallion by Chantrey — if we except the extensive and glorious view from a particular point in the churchyard, close to the burial vault of the Eldon family. The frowning towers of Corfe Castle, flanked by swelling hills, form the central feature, framed in an expanse of brown heath, fringes of shaggy wood, and stretches of the shimmering water of Poole Harbour. ST. JELDHELM'S HEAD. Ixxv. WORTH MATRAVERS CHURCH. Re-entering their carriages, the party drove to Afflington Barn and then turned off to the old-world, out-of-the-way village of Worth Matravers. At the church The VICAR (the Rev J. Edwardes) gave the visitors a warm welcome and made a short statement about the church. Standing in an isolated district, it was almost unique and one of the oldest churches in England, supposed to have been built late in the 7th century by St. Aldhelm himself. He pointed to the door in the south wall of the nave with a pointed arch of the " two flagstone " type, generally thought to be the original Saxon door. (We should like to call attention to the great age of the arch. One of the stones on the outside is much weathered — the most weathered stone in the church.) This doorway was supposed to give access to a side chapel, with which a hagioscope also communicated. The chapel was pulled down in 1741. He called attention to the Norman arch of the south entrance, with a tympanum, the carving of which is said to have been mutilated at the time of the Civil War, so that it is impossible now to make out the subject, although a figure, apparently of au angel with outstretched arms, is to be discerned on either side. The fine Norman arch of three orders is a notable feature of the church. The chancel window is Decorated and the small lancet windows 13th century. In the middle of the loth century the ancient font was sophisticated with Perpen- dicular work. As for the Communion plate, there was a chalice, with a cover, dated 1574. The ASSISTANT SECRETARY supplemented the Vicar's observa- tions by observing that to his mind the great fascination of Worth Church lay, not so much in the antiquity and beauty of the building, great though they were, as in its association with one of those venerable traditions so precious to Church people. William of Malmesbury recorded that when St. Aldhelm was still Abbot of Malmesbury, before he had been appointed by King Ina to the see of Sherborne, he came into this district with the intention of crossing over to the Continent to visit the Pope and, while waiting for a favourable wind (aiiram fdicein) built a church (fecit ecdcniain), in which, while his companions were occupied with the necessary preparations, he might commend to God his journey and return. In the historian's time, the early part of the l'2th century, that church was said to be a roofless ruin, with miraculous properties, since, however wet the weather, no rain ever fell within it, and the shepherds of the district there used to drive and fold their sheep! Each of four sacred buildings in Purbeck had been Ixxvi. ST. ^ELDHELM'S HEAD. claimed as St. Aklhelm's foundation ; but probably Worth had the best claim, approximating nearest to the description " two miles from the sea." He called attention to a number of curious architectural features and also to certain resemblances between this church and that of Studland, both dedicated to St. Nicholas of Myra, the patron saint of fishermen, and each being now mainly of Norman work. Outside the church the Club observed the numerous stone corbels under the eaves curiously and sometimes grotesquely carved, as at Studland, and they were also amused by the tomb- stone of Benjamin Jesty, of Downshay, the pioneer of vaccination, who " was the first to introduce the cowpox by inoculation and, from his great strength of mind, made the experiment upon — his wife and two sons ! " ST. ALDHELM'S CHAPEL. When the ACTING PRESIDENT had expressed the thanks of the Club to the Vicar, the drive was resumed. Alighting at Renscombe Farm, the visitors proceeded to St. yEldhelm's Head and entered the Norman building known as the chapel. The ASSISTANT SECRETAKY, speaking at the Vicar's request, reminded the party of the various legends purporting to account for the building of the chapel. The present building, dating from about the middle of the 12th century, was square on plan, with a stone roof of rib and panel vaulting, the ribs springing from one stout pier in the centre. Both the shape of the building and the fact that the orientation was not, as in the case of Christian churches generally, east and west, had led some to assert that it was not built originally for a sacred purpose, but rather as a primitive lighthouse or beaconhouse to warn mariners off that dangerous head. The presence of a cross surmounting the roof should not mislead them, since that cross was put up in 1873, when, the place having long ceased to be used for worship and having fallen into disrepair, and been used in turn as a storehouse and a stable, it was restored by Lord Eldon. The circular projection on top of the roof, now occupied by the cross, is said to have been originally used for the support of a beacon. But over against this affirmation of a secular purpose should be put evidence of the use of the building as a chapel centuries ago. In "The Deserted Village " the curate was "passing rich on forty pounds a year"; but that record was beaten by the chaplain of St. Aldhelm's Chapel, who was "passing rich" on fifty shillings a year. According to the Pipe Rolls this chapel and also that of St. Mary iii the Castle of Corfe were x U ST. ^LDHELM'S HEAD. Ixxvii. served by two Royal chaplains, who received their stipends direct from the Crown, the High Sheriff being the paymaster. The entrance door, of two orders and a hood mould, and also the one small deeply -splayed window, were interesting and beautiful features. There was a superstition that, if one stuck a pin in the central pillar and wished a wish, that wish would be fulfilled. THE GEOLOGY OF THE DISTRICT. Leaving the chapel, the Club assembled at a convenient spot on the edge of the beetling cliff, from which a fine panoramic view of the coastline could be obtained, reaching away to Portland Bill — " serried ranks of cliffs and headlands," as Mr. C. G. Harper says, " notched and crannied with bays and coves." Dr. W. T. ORD, the well-known Bournemouth geologist, here gave a short address on the geology of the district traversed by the Club that day. His remarks were elucidated and enforced by the exhibition of a large coloured sectional map. He began by recalling the fact that 17 years ago— on September 7th, 1892 — the Dorset Field Club last held a meeting in that district, and that on that occasion their late lamented President, Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, who gave an account of the geology of the district, was accompanied by the late Mr. W. H. Hudleston, then President of the Geological Society. It was with some diffidence that he followed two such geological giants, and he could not begin without honourable mention of the names of these great men now gone to their rest. When in the train going from Wareham to Corfe they were passing over the Lower Bagshot Beds of the Eocene Age, the beds which formed the great part of all the heath land of Dorsetshire and the greater part of Bournemouth Bay. Wherever they saw this peculiar vegetation of heather, gorse, pine trees, and rhododendrons, which they got in this part of the country, and also in the north of Hampshire and at Woking, they knew that they were on the Bagshot Beds. The reason for this peculiar vegetation was that the beds were free from lime. As they approached Corfe Castle they passed over an ai-ea of London Clay and a short section of the Woolwich and Reading Beds. When they got to Corfe Castle and looked out of the train they saw a total change in the appearance of the district. Hills with rounded tops and covered with turf showed them that they were on the chalk, and they saw the chalk here and there, discoloured by weathering. Corfe Castle was built on the top of a portion of an anticlinal of chalk, the strata of which were tilted nearly up on end. When the Club began their drive, almost before they left the town of Corfe, they passed over a small section of the Lower and Upper Greeiisaiid and Gault, tilted up on eud in the same extraordinary way. Xext they came to the Wealden Ixxviii. ST. JELDHELM'S HEAD. tfl formation. They recognised that because the tops of these beds, being of very soft Weald clay, were easily denuded by the weather, which in the course of ages cut it in a sort of trough, lying between Corfe Castle on the north and these southern Purbeck hills on which they were standing now. On top of the Wealden Beds was the interesting deposit of tufa at Blashenwell, which unfortunately they had not time to visit that day. Next to the Wealden they came to the most interesting beds in that part of the country, especially associated with their excursion that day — the Purbeck Beds, so named from the Isle of 1'urbeck, in which they were developed to a greater extent than in any other part of England. Of the stone from these Purbeck Beds they had interesting specimens in the churches which they had visited, notably the columns of Purbeck shell-marble. These Purbeck Beds were first seen between Peverel Point and Durlston Head, where there was the finest exposure of the Purbeck Beds in the world, of great value on account of the limestone which they produced, and of still greater interest to geologists, because in them had been found remains of the earliest mammals— tiny little mammals about the size of rats. They were now standing 011 St. Aldhelm's Head on a thin cap of the Lower Purbeck Beds, which were at one time continuous, stretching right over the head and away to sea for miles and miles. And no doubt, if they could follow those beds, they would find them lying beneath the waters of the English Channel. The Purbeck cap lay upon the Portland stone, which was also of great commercial value as well as of geological interest. The Portland stone lay upon a similar thickness of Portland sand, and that again upon the Kimmeridge clay— soft black tenacious clay— which was of no value commercially, although it ought to be of great value, because in certain parts it was saturated with animal oils derived from the remains of saurians, which existed in countless myriads when these strata were being laid down at the bottom of the sea. Consequently it made excellent manure. Again, before American petroleum was introduced, ST. .TLDHELM'S HEAD. ixxix. it was also used for lighting purposes ; but, unfortunately, the smell of the oil was so offensive that the use of it was given up. And, until some chemist was clever enough to discover some way of deodorising it, it would remain useless. Thus this great headland was built up of these three strata — Kimmeridge clay, Portland sand, and Portland stone— to a height of 354 feet. They saw that from the top of the cliff the Portland stone broke away in great solid masses and fell down to the bottom of the cliff, which was protected from the assaults of the sea by a huge landslip and a mass of debris. This fall of rock was caused by the waves washing away the soft Kimmeridge clay at the base of the cliff, and thus undermining the foundations of the harder rocks, which had consequently fallen down and formed this wild picturesque undercliff. A little further to the north was Emmets Hill, 400 feet high. The highest point of the coast was Swyre Head, 554 feet high, surmounted by two humps, one of which was a tumulus. How, Dr. Ord went on to ask, pointing to this sectional map (the section almost due north and south), did the strata become inclined and forced up in this remarkable way, and how had this land upon which they were standing, and which was once deposited under the sea, been raised up to the great height that they found it at present ? The explanation was due to what geologists called an anticlinal, a buckling up of the earth's surface, just as when an orange dries the surface of the rind contracts and wrinkled. As the earth cooled down it contracted and so formed the hills and valleys. It was the great Brixton anticlinal, beginning at Brixton, in the Isle of Wight, and extending 50 miles long. It was a hummock-shaped mass which formed the hills of the Isle of Wight. When they came to the Needles they found that they had been broken away by the action of the sea ; but at one time they were continuous with this anticlinal of the Isle of Purbeck, the great chalk ridge of the Purbeck Hills which they passed through that day at Corfe — the gate cut (as the word " Corfe " denoted) by the denuding action of streams in geological times. This anticlinal had upheaved not only the chalk, but also all the beds underlying it. These hills, on the edge of which they were standing, formed an old watershed dividing the northern part of Purbeck from the southern. The sea had cut away the southern half of this anticlinal and shown them how enormous were the forces of denudation in past ages. The point upon which they were now standing had been submerged beneath the sea seven or eight times, and had other strata deposited upon it. All our rivers are now cutting away the land and taking the material off, possibly to puzzle the antiquaries of future ages. The ACTING PRESIDENT expressed the thanks of the Club to Dr. Ord for his learned and lucid exposition. (Applause.) He took that opportunity of adding that the excavations at Maumbury Rings were being continued that week — an extra week — and that Members of the Field Club who were interested in the work should visit the Rings and inspect the cavities before they were JXXX. St. -ELDtiELM's HEA5. filled in. Various curious and interesting features had been discovered. As the work had this year been expensive, the Hon. Treasurer (Captain J. E. Acland) would be glad to receive donations, which might be sent to him at the Dorset County Museum. From the Head the party then walked back to their carriages and returned to Corfe Castle, where they arrived at 4.30 and took tea at the Bankes Arms before the departure of the train at 5.8. Ixxxi. 13 ° O O o o o o 0 -r o o O CO o o o o *- K aS O o o o C^ CO CO O •H 1—1 ^" ^ Ci3 I""1 ^O C*~l <7*J CO CO C^ O OO *O (M CO O r- CN O CO >o , "" CD 1) "O • ^> cc o £ I .a • *-> O5 a H j% ^) s S fi 1 £ r_i ' 'd . • • « CO | § ^ § H § ~ M B 1 3 IS 00 2 b JS 8 « E YEAE ENDING DECEMB 1908. Subscription to National Carl Henschell, Ltd., for Subscriptions returned R. G. Brocklehurst, Don Purchase of £50 Consols Dorset County Museum Editor, Postages, &c. Sydenham, Printing Sime and Co., Proceeding Wyndham and Co., Blocl Shaftesbury Excavations Captain Acland, Maumbi Mate and Son, Ltd. McFarlane and Co., Bloc' Hudson and Hearns Cheque Book Balance c H r* I -d - CO O 0 t^ K ^AJ oj cc S ° •* CO <\ § C35 CO C5 0 US 0 B c+l c^J Cl I"H J5 H *fj t7 fc o . 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oi 0 2 > ' l '? l ? § i "" "*">>•• III. I . I * i •^PQCJfiHfedMiJ at By the Rev. G. H. ENGLEHEART, M.A., F.S.A. (Bead 10th December, 1908. ) WILTSHIREMAN must stand in this meeting somewhat guiltily, as a poacher taken flagrante delicto, and not for the first time, in Dorset preserves. Happily I am able to lay the blame on your Secretary, for it was he who invited me into the covert. So, too, the merit of whatever has been accomplished is not mine, but belongs first of all to Mr. H. Le Jeune, to whose research and energy the rediscovery of the Hemsworth site is entirely due. He started the exploration, and by Lord Alington's consent and at his expense, and by the keen interest of his agent, Mr. C. B. Hill,* the area, or as much of it as could be marked off for this season, was fairly well searched, considering the late date, September, at which work was begun. * Valuable service was also rendered by Mr. Linklater, of E. Hemsworth, and by his friend, Mr. Scott- Orr, in first tracing out and protecting the remains. 2 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. On the Map of Ancient Dorset, &c., prefixed to the 3rd Vol. of General Pitt-Rivers' "Excavations," the site will be found, marked as a Roman villa, just N. of Badbury Rings, within the angle formed by the junction of two Roman roads — the main road from Dorchester to Salisbury and its branch from Badbury to Winklebury Camp and Shaftesbury. General Pitt-Rivers, no doubt, followed Hutchins, who says in his history of the county : "At Hemsworth Farm, on the Eweleaze, are extensive irregu- larities on the surface which betoken ancient location. About a quarter of a mile distant some workmen came upon several buried skeletons ; and in an adjoining field were found the remains of a Roman villa, consisting of foundations and six pavements, three of which were tesselated." And in Vol. XL, p. 19, of the Proceedings of the Dorset Field Club, Dr. Wake Smart writes : — "On Hemsworth Farm in 1831 were discovered the founda- tions of several rooms, in one of which I saw a beautiful representation of a dolphin, surrounded with a fine ornamental border, all in mosaic work." The site appears to have been immemorially known at Hemsworth as "Walls Field," a name which stands sadly as an indication both of the house and of its destruction. It has been evident in the course of the excavation that lengths of the walls, as from time to time they impeded the plough, have been followed up and grubbed out, usually to their very footings, so that it is almost impossible to trace their lines and obtain a satisfactory plan. For this reason much of the labour has been concentrated on securing the two good pavements before winter. Hemsworth, to measure in bee lines, stands five miles N.W. of Wimborne and the same distance due E. of Blandford, in a neighbourhood rich in antiquities. Bradford Down, with its imposing long and round barrows, is one mile S.E., Badbury Rings two miles S. Half-a-dozen miles northwards take us into Cranborne Chase and the " Pitt-Rivers' Country." Eight miles easterly of north, on the main Roman road, is Woodyates, which THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 3 from its, position, and possibly by etymology, may reasonably be identified with the station Vindogladia.* From four to five miles N.N.W., in the parish of Tarrant Hinton, is a villa imperfectly explored in 1846, which would probably repay a thorough investigation. According to information recorded by Morgan (Rom. Brit. Mosaic Pavements, pp. 201, 214), the remains extend over nearly 20 acres. The lately re-excavated villa at Fifehead Neville lies a dozen miles \V. As noticed by Hutchins, there is a large stretch of pasture, running almost up to the walls of the Hemsworth villa, which bears the usual surface-signs of a large Romano-British village, and it is not unlikely that it sheltered many of the dependants of the house and its estate. I have in the case of villas elsewhere, e.g., at Thruxton, Hants, observed the proximity of a village settlement, especially where, as there and at Hemsworth, the house seems to have had no considerable servants' wing. But outlying extensions of the Hemsworth building may still await discovery. The situation was, as usual, well chosen — a level area on a gently rising knoll which dominates all the immediate country side. The house, so far as at present unearthed, has for its longer axis a chain of rooms and passages lying E.N.E. and W.S.W. for about 250 feet, but may have extended further in the former direction, where a double cottage stands on the ground, and, according to tradition, on tesselated floors. The width of this long block averages about 50 feet, but had projections and recesses which cannot be accurately planned in the destroyed foundations. At the W.S.W. end a shorter and broader wing, roughly 100 feet long by 60 feet wide, returned southwards. There was also a shorter return S. at the opposite end of the house, which thus seems to have stood partly round three sides * Vindogladia would have its first letter transitioually sounded as B or W, and the modern and probably the ancient Italian sound of gl is ly. This would give the form Windolyad, with 11 tending to drop out before d, which approaches Woodyates and also Woodcutts, an adjacent place-name. This, however, must stand as a guess only. 4 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. of an open courtyard, somewhat after the plan of the Spoonley Wood, Gloucestershire, villa (Archaologia, Vol. 52, Pt. 2). This form of a long-fronted house with two much shorter wings does not seem at all common in villas hitherto found in England. The building material, so far as it shows in the wall foundations and debris, was of flint. Rounded dents in some of the floors look as if made by capitals or other worked stone falling from a height when the house was destroyed, but every scrap of stone other than flint has been removed. The quality of the masonry is best shown in the great hypocaust structure at the S.W. end. This has been stripped of all its bridging-tiles and other portable material of the suspensura, but still shows very excellent and thorough workmanship in the depth, solidity and finish of the flue-passages. The house was roofed with the usual large, lozenge-shaped stone roof-tiles, but very few out of thousands have been left on the site. The tesselated floors, could they have been preserved to us, would no doubt have been an exceptionally valuable series in number, variety, and quality. Most unfortunately the covering of soil, as commonly happens in a chalk district, is so shallow as to give little defence against the plough and other destructive agencies, and out of some fourteen or fifteen tesselated rooms, lobbies, and corridors, two only have survived except as fragments. It is well that these two are remarkable, and in their subjects perhaps unique in England. I will not try to improve upon the accurate description of a contributor to the Dorset County Chronicle, who writes thus : — " Of the series of tesselated floors and fragments, two stand out for special notice, by reason not only of their fairly perfect state of preservation but also of their exceptionally elaborate designs, the high degree of artistic feeling displayed in them, and the excellence and fineness of the Avorkmanship. The first pavement, 13 feet square, is occupied by a series of concentric bands, all enriched with beautiful ornament. In a round panel in the centre appears a vigorous and perfect head, apparently of THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMS WORTH. 5 Jupiter Tonans, with six forks of lightning issuing from the curl- enriched head. Of the concentric circular bands enclosing the central panel, the first is occupied by chevrons, a motif repeating the impression of the forked lightning, the second by scroll work, the third by the three-plait cable, the fourth by foliated scroll work, and the fifth by the two-plait cable. This mosaic is of black, white, red, grey, and pale blue tesserae. A few paces from this floor was found a hypocaust, with the pila in position." It is, however, doubtful whether this head is of Jupiter. Wide enquiries have failed to find any similar representation on pave- ments, on coins, or in sculpture. The general character of the head seems scarcely designed to present the majesty of the hominum pater aique deorum. The head has been rather hastily assigned to Jupiter because of the three crooked red spikes or rays issuing from it on either side, which may seem to fall in with Virgil's description of the thunderbolt : — Tres imbris torti radios, tres nubis aquosae Addiderant, rutili tres ignis. . . . But there would seem to be no known instance of the flashes issuing from the head. The bolt was always depicted as grasped in the hand of the deity or in the talons of his eagle, or as winged and separate. A flash-crowned head as an intentional innovation is not probable, for the artists in mosaic were conservative in their adherence to the traditional mythological formulae. The authorities in the Greek and Roman department of the British Museum are somewhat inclined to support my guess that this may be a head of the Sun-God. Instances are known of a bearded Apollo, but the reference would be rather to Mithras, whose cult, we know, had taken a strong hold in the fourth century. The sun had a place in the not very exclusive Pantheon of Constantino the Great. A second brass of his, found at Hemsworth, bears on the reverse a figure of the sun with radiated head and the legend SOLI INVICTO COMITI. But it must be acknowledged that the rays of the Sun-God's head are usually straight, not rulili or iorii, and that bearded representations, if 6 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. authenticated, are very rare. In brief, the attribution of this head must be considered a still open question. The Venus pavement, too, is one of great interest. I quote again from the same note in the Dorset County Chronicle : — " The next noteworthy floor is of peculiar shape, on plan like a slightly-stilted semi-circle, or an apsidal end, i6ft. long and i2ft. yin. broad. The central panel, of the same shape as the whole floor, is occupied by an artistic representation of Venus rising from the waves, and screened at the back by an enormous, beautifully-fluted and delicately-coloured shell, the rays radiating from the point where the goddess's feet meet. Unfortunately the head and body were found to have been destroyed, obviously by deliberate intent, as the remainder of this floor is nearly perfect ; but the legs remain from the hips downwards. The decorated borders enclosing this panel are varied and beautiful. Besides the cable ornament of two and three strands the guilloche appears, and other elaborate geometrical designs delicately foliated. But the broad and main outer band is the most remarkable, for it is occupied by five dolphins delineated with marvellous life and spirit, and with small fish and scallop shells in between. The colours in this pavement are more various than in the first-mentioned, for, in addition to those colours, there appear yellows and browns. Pale blue tessera worked into the lower parts of the dolphins' bodies give an effective impres- sion of the gleam of the creatures emerging from the water." It may be added that the procession of dolphins was continued along the chord of the semi-circle, which has been destroyed. Fragments of tesselation mark the position of a square or oblong floor, of which the Venus semi-circle formed the apse. One room at least of this form has commonly been found in these Roman houses, sometimes with indications that piers with folding doors or curtains screened off the apse, which may have served as the sacrariiun of the house. To the best of my knowledge this is the only Venus pavement recorded in England. The dolphin border is not uncommon ; it occurs, for instance, at Fifehead Neville, where it surrounds a THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 7 simple cantharus very ineffectively — a bathos in mosaic. We see in this instance, and in many others, that the mosaic artists supplied what may be called " interchangeable parts " of designs. It would seem to denote greater wealth in the Hemsworth householder that he could indulge in the entire marine suite. Or possibly he exercised economy elsewhere in order to have one or two very fine rooms, for two others are curiously paved with plain bluish pebbles, from local gravel pits or the clay cap on the downs close at hand, where they abound. The remnant of the central figure of Venus indicates the posture of the Medici statue, and traces of her drapery show that it fell and floated from her shoulders somewhat as in the Naiad figures of the great pavement at Woodchester, Gloucestershire. There is in the British Museum a fine and perfect pavement from Halicarnassus, which is evidently in the same line of traditional marine design. This measures 4oft. by i2ft, an oblong terminating in an apsidal group of Amphitrite and Tritons, with dolphins and shells. The borders are of ivy or smilax, and it is curious that two single smilax leaves are worked into the field of the Venus lunette at Hemsworth, as though the artist reckoned them a traditional and necessary accessor)'. I do not myself think that the head and body of the Venus were intentionally destroyed. In lifting this pavement unmis- takable evidences appeared of the action of fire penetrating to some depth, and disintegrating the tesserae and their bedding in patches. The break in the figure shows as a red patch, which owes its colour to fire, not to the common Roman pink mortar, for the pavement is laid wholly in white or yellowish mortar. Pieces of burning ceiling or roof timbers must have fallen on the pavement, and the burnt and loosened tesserae were probably picked or shovelled off during the excavation in 1831. This pavement has been presented by Lord Alington to the British Museum ; the other will be laid in his house at Crichel. A note may be of interest on the vertical structure of the Hemsworth pavements. Great care and accurate judgment of local soil conditions were always shown in laying the bed for a 8 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. pavement. At Wroxeter the foundations were found to be built up in at least four strata, the lowest being 18 inches of broken stone, with a foot of concrete above it to receive a third layer of fine mortar, on which the tesserae were laid in a thin film of hard white plaster or cement. At Hemsworth the rough lower strata were omitted and the tesserae set in the same fine white medium, above 3 to 3^ inches of buff-coloured mortar resting on 2 inches of fine chalk or lime rubble, the entire bed measuring 6 inches at most in depth, against some 40 inches at Wroxeter. Yet the pavements remain perfectly level and firm after some 16 centuries. Their builders knew that no deeper foundation was necessary on a chalk sub-soil. The white plaster in which the tesserae were fitted together was still so hard as to resist the chisel. Besides the two pebble pavements there is a curiosity at Hemsworth in the shape of a large floor of alternate yj inch squares of hard grey limestone and black Kimmeridge shale. I believe one of our English cathedrals contains some paving of Cannell coal. An account of the many other pavements which have survived only in fragments or traces could be given and followed only in relation to a detailed plan of the rooms, which, it is hoped, may yet be made. The great hypocaust at the S.W. end supported one of the largest floors, for thousands of tesserae, in plaster flakes or single, lay in the deep flues where they had fallen on the demolition of the bridging masonry. A considerable proportion of these were of bright yellow. In this quarter of the house much wall plaster was found in light and dark shades of most brilliant blue, besides several other colours. One large flake preserved a drawing of a column with its capital, part of a wall landscape containing a temple or portico. Several fragments of flooring indicate a refined taste in black and white, very sparingly picked out with colour. The wide border of one pavement near the great hypocaust must have been bold and effective, consisting of large leaf-shaped ovals, 1 8 inches long, of concentric bands of white, black, blue, and red, inclined to one another in pairs at an THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 9 angle of 45 degrees and meeting at the points. A very perfect water bath, nearly 6ft. square by 30 inches deep, has a mosaic floor of the axe pattern in black and white. An exactly similar bath, but paved with tiles, was found at Hartlip, Kent, and is figured in Wright's Celt, Roman, and Saxon. Some of the spaces of plain mortar or rammed chalk must have had boarded floors above them, for traces were found of sleeper walls to take timber joists. Wooden floors were probably common in these houses. In the small villa at Clanville, Hants, I noticed three coins lying in a perfectly straight line across a mortar floor showing a brown film of decayed wood. The room had sleeper walls, and the coins, no doubt, had fallen through the space between two badly fitting boards. The large hoard of Roman pewter vessels found by myself at Appleshaw, Hants, was buried in a pit sunk through a hard mortar floor. Such a disturbance would certainly have drawn the attention of raiders, unless boards had been lifted and replaced over the spot. Vastly more valuable than the recovery of coloured pavements, or objects however interesting or curious, are any clues that may lead us to a clearer historical view of these houses and the persons who built and lived in them. How much more should we know if every Roman site in England, or even in one county, had been examined" with the methodical pains of your great Dorset example, General Pitt- Rivers ! The unavoidably partial explor- ation of the Hemsworth building has not, so far, added much to our knowledge. As to its individual history, we may think it was built and stood during a longer or shorter — possibly only a short — period of the first three-quarters of the fourth century. The unusually few and poor coins range from Constantine the Great, who succeeded in 306, to Gratian, who died in 383. A solitary coin of Tetricus, 267-272, is much worn, and most of the coins may well have been in circulation many years before the house was built. It is, of course, possible that earlier or later coins may have been or will be found on the site. There are some slight tokens that the house was comparatively new when destroyed. None of the pavements look worn by treading, and 10 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. the two pebble pavements have a singularly fresh appearance. In these the mortar was laid so as to nearly cover the crowns of the pebbles, and must have been rubbed away from them if trodden for any length of time. But wherever debris has protected it from later ill usage it shows no signs of wear. The quarter-round skirting moulding between the floors and the walls has the same curiously sharp surface, particularly in the water bath. The flues do not show the ordinary effects of many years' heat and smoke and cleaning out. It is said that most of our greater English mansions have been burned at least once. The Villa, largely timber-built and heated by several furnaces, must have been still more endangered. It was probably for this reason that the bath-house was sometimes isolated at a considerable distance from the main building, as at Appleshaw, Hants. A reconstruction upon burnt floors, as at Clanville, may be reckoned evidence of an accidental fire. At Hemsworth we find no such reconstruction, and may think that the house was plundered and fired. But there are possible indications of a somewhat leisurely plundering before the firing. It is a fact singular in my experience of villas that no fragment of window glass has been found over the whole large area. Glass shivered by fire or falling was not worth taking away, and lies imperishable and visible on the hard floors. I see no explanation but that the windows were carefully taken out entire in their leaden or wooden frames. My friend Colonel Hawley, F.S.A., an acute investigator of Romano-British village sites, has commented on the occurrence in them of personal ornaments and other material of a quality much superior to what would be looked for in the huts of peasants or slaves. He suggests that when invaders had attacked a villa, seized the more valuable and portable plunder, and passed on to another house, the villagers would afterwards complete the pillaging.* I have myself found much window glass on a rude village site near villa remains in * It is recorded that after the sack of Basing House by the Parliamentarians the cottages of that neighbourhood were for a long time full of its various furniture. THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. II N.W. Hampshire. The water bath in the Hemsworth house shows that there was at least time for the removal of metal fittings before it was burned. Charred timber and roof tiles had filled the bath flush with the floor in which it is sunk, so as to effectually conceal it for fifteen centuries. But on clearing it out it was seen that the tap of its waste pipe had been wrenched off before the burning roof had fallen in. The after-history of the villa can be more certainly pictured. After such double plundering the local population, which had been largely supported by the " great house," would ebb away, and the removal of anything still worth taking would be continued by occasional passers, by. The nearness of the Hemsworth site to main roads goes far to explain its remarkable bareness. The hypocausts were early broken up for their useful tiles, and as being likely repositories of hidden valuables. The first church builders cleared off the heavier building stuff, exhaustively in stoneless districts. Such quarrying would disclose nearly all hoards and would complete the clearance. Matthew Paris gives a graphic and probably typical account of the excavations at Verulamium, early in the eleventh century, by the Abbots Ealdred and Eadmar, seeking material for their great new church. Vessels of fine pottery and glass, bronzes, statues, and apparently even book-rolls were disclosed in the hunt for stone, and all promptly destroyed as idolatrous. Almost the one thing irremovable and useless to pillagers was the pavement of small tesserae, and of the pavements we have what centuries of ploughing, digging, and tree-grubbing have left us. The precise status of the builders of the villas is still a puzzle. Government officials they cannot have been, except one here and there. Such houses stand quite too near together in many parts of England.* And, because of their frequency and size, no * The latest writer on the subject, Mr. A. Hadrian Allcroft (Earthwork of Britain, p. 3.V-5), strangely refuses to consider them thick upon the ground, though he himself instances a dozen quite close to Somertoii in Somerset, and 13 or 14 within a radius of five or six miles round Bath. To make a comparison, as he does, with modern population, is out of place. 12 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. large proportion can represent land grants taken up by veteran soldiers, most of whom, moreover, were natives of better climates and would not choose to end their days in penitus toio divisos orbe Britannos. Why then, in the fourth century, when the general prosperity of the Empire was falling rather than rising, did these large and opulent houses appear over a large part of England ? They suggest some newly-found source of local affluence, probably agricultural, for they were not mere pleasure retreats, but the homesteads of permanent country estates, in a word large farmhouses. From the time of Pytheas downwards many notices can be found of the production of corn in Britain as considerable. There is in Gibbon a well-known account of how the Emperor Julian staved off a great famine in Gaul by building on the Rhine 600 ships and bringing corn from Britain. The passage reads as if Britain was then a recognised granary. It is possible that the necessity of the constantly ravaged Continent during the fourth century was the opportunity of British farmers. Most of the villas stand on land good for corn-growing and near roads good for transport. Many of them seem to have had large outbuildings suitable for storage of grain. These have usually received small attention from excavators ; closer examination might tell us something of their probable use. CG O ^ ^ o 3 X f- cc f- $ u. o a C O C porsef (CONTINUED FROM VOL. XXIX., p. 79.) By E. A. FRY, Section A continued. DEANERY OF WHITCHURCH. Chantry of Our Lady in Wotton Glanvyle. Chantry Roll No. 33 (74) Nett Income £6 18 o Grant to Richard Randall of London, gent. Vol. 68 403d File 1896 8 July 2 Edward VI 1548 Cantia bte Marie infra Eccliam de Vtton Glanfyle val in. Redd, domus mansione diet. Cantie cu. pomar. eidem ptinen p. ann. 5 o Reddit. unius domus cu gardin. eidem ptin. scituat. in Wotton Glanfeld in tenura Henrici Randale p. ann. 6 8 n 8 At 14 yeres purchas ^834 Redd, sive firma terr. dmcal. diet. Cantie cu omibus et singlis suis ptin; jacen. in Forston (Fossardeston als Forston in Pat. Roll) infra pochiem de Charmyster in tenura Robti Condene (Comdene) p. indentur. p. ann. Redd. trm. tenti. ibm cu ptin. in tenur. pdic. Robt. Comdene p. indent, p. tmio vite p. ann. 14 DORSET CHANTRIES. Redd, altius (unius) tent, ibm cu suis ptin. in tenura Thome Miche p. cop. cur. p. ann. 12 Redd, unius (alterius) tent, cu ptinen in tenura Johnis Sherynge p. copiam cur. p. ann. 9 Redd, altius (unius) tent, ibm cu ptinen. in tenura Henrici Hunte p. copiam cur. p. ann. 7 £6 6 8 At 24 yeres purchas ^152 o o The clere yerly value of the pmisses £6 18 4 which rated at the seval yeres rates amounteth to £l&° 3 4 Hutchins gives a short account of this Chantry, which was founded in Edward Ill's reign, in Vol. III. p. 748. Chapel in the Manor of Canford. Chantry7 Roll 34(75) Nett income £10 o o There does not seem to be any grant of this Chapel nor any document shewing the source of its revenues. No. 75 of the Chantry Roll explains that the Manor of Canford " is my Lord Protectors Graces and the parsonage is the King's out of which parsonage the pension of £10 is paid," It must be remembered that Canford was a Royal Peculiar and no doubt exemption was made on that account. Hutchins mentions in Vol. III. 300 a Chapel in the mansion house. Gybbons Chantry in Lytchet Matravers. Chantry Roll 35 (76) Grant to Sherborne Free School. See further on under " Foundation of Schools." Hutchins Vol. III. 333 mentions this Chantry, but does not state when it was founded. DORSET CHANTRIES. Repris. viz in Redd, resolut. dm. Regi de et ex terr. pdict. annuatim Redd, resolut. dco. dno Regi p. sect. cur. p. ann. Redd, resolut. dco dno Regi ut de p's dimid. quart, frument. p. ann. Et reman, ultra p. ann. 1 8 Chantry in Lytehett Matravers. Chantry Roll 36 (77) Nett Income £iS 6 7 Grant to John Fowler and John Phillpot. 22 April 6 Edward VI. 1552 On File 1621 only. Terr, et possession. Cantar. de Lychett Matravers. Manm. de Matravers in Chilrey in com. Berks val. in Redd, libor. tenen. ibm p. ann. 4 3 Redd, custumar. tenent. ibm p. ann. 13 66 Firm. scit. maner. pdict. cu omibus edifiis terr. dmical prat, pasture et pastur, comodit. et pficuis pdict. mania ptinen. sic dimiss. Alexandro Fetyplace p. indentur. dat. 6to die Decemb, anno R. nuper Henrici VIII 311110 hend. a festo Sci. Michis. Archi. px. futur. post dat. diet, indentur. usq. ad finem et terrain. 50 annor. extunc px. sequen et plenar. complend. reddend. inde p. ann. ^4 ad festum Annunc. Bte. Marie et Sci Mich. Arch, p, equalae porconae p'ut in diet, indentur. plenius cont. 400 Firm duar. virgat. terr. cu. ptinen. ibm sic dimiss. pdict. Alexandr. Fetyplace p. indent, reddend. inde p. ann. 120 Pquis. Cur. ibm coibz annis o o o 18 12 9 6 7 Memd. that the said manor wth all other the pmysses were never surveid and are to be annswered to the Kings Maties use for thre yeres and a half ended at Michelmas anno quinto dno Rx. nunc Edward Sixt. Also ther be no pfetts of Courts charged 1 6 DORSET CHANTRIES. aboue because their doth none appere in the Certificat made by Henry Leake Auditor to the Kings Majestic in the Countie of Dors. Also all the custumary tennts of the said manor do hold their copieholds for term of lyfe or lyves and customably do paye fynes at evy allienacon according to the customs of the manor their which ys unknown as yet to me for lake of the Surveie. Yt is thought that the fynes when they shall happen wolbe in value thyrtie or fortie pounns at the leaste. John Pykarell, Auditor. Hutchins gives some particulars as to this Chantrie in Vol. III. 333- 37 (— ) Obit Lands in this Deanery see further on. 38 ( — ) Stocks of Cattle see further on. DEANERY OF BRIDPORT. Chantry in Beaminster. Chantry Roll 39 (56) £6 3 4 The following documents refer to this Chantry File 32 Nos 17, 51, 54b and File 33 No 33. Vol 258 losd. File 1731 Lease to E. Machell (elsewhere Mitchell) File 33 No 33. 4 May 1564 Pcell. terr. in manu Dne Regine existens virtute Actus Pliament edit. p. disso- lucone Cant. &c. Cant, fundat, p. Walter Grey arm. infra eccliam poch. de Beaminster valt. in Firm. cert, pcell terr. et prat, cu uno claus vocat. Estewood House dimiss. Johni Purchase p. indent, p. termio 21 annorum cujus dat. est 22 die Marcii anno regni Rx. H. VIII 36 reddend. inde p. ami. 394 Firm, unius clausi pastur. cu ptin, voc. Kyte Crofte jacen. in Bemester pd. quondm in tenur. Johis Hallet et Willmi Cheke vel assig. suor. annualis redd. i 4 o DORSET CHANTRIES. 17 Firm, unius cottagii cu prat, eidem adjacen. cu ptin. in Bemister prcd. quondm in tenur. Johnis Purchase vel assig. suis annualis redd. 13 4 Firm, unius prati cu ptin. in Bemister prcd quondm in tenur. incumbens Cantar. pd. annualis redd. 1 3 4 £600 The fine is 4 yeres rent. Before this lease, however, were two, of which one is in File 32, No 51, dated 9 June, 1562, to Henry Odyngselses for 21 years, and the other in File 32, No. 546, dated 20 April, 1563, to George Pawlet also for 2 1 years, but for the last three items of the property only, amounting to £2 IDS. 8d. On 31 Oct., 1583, in File 32, No. 17, these three items were again leased to Launcelot Seborne and William Seborne, sons of Francis Seborne, and to Cudborowe Nyell, daughter of Andrew Nyell, for their lives. In connection with this Chantry, or some other now lost sight of, are three leases of lands called " the Chauntry grounde," as given below. The amount of rent happens to be the same (£3 9s- 4d.)as the first item in the lease to E. Machell (File 33, No. 33), but the details do not correspond to those described there, so presumably the following leases do not refer to the same Chantry. Lease to Thomas Hart, Joan his wief and John Hart their sonne. File 32. No. 22. 17 June 1586. Pcell. terr. et possess, in manibus Dne Regin. exist, virtute actus Pliam. Cert. terr. in poch. de Beamystre voc. ' le Chauntrie ground' valt. in Firm, tocius illius pastur. jacen. et existen. in poch. de Beamyster cont. p. estimac. viginti acr. ; ac unius More diet, pastur. adjacen. ; ac unius prati cont. p. estimac. un. acr. et dimid. ; unius claus. terr. arr. cont. p. estimacon un. acr. et dimid. ; ac totius illius claus. terr. pastur. cont. p. est. octo acr. ; Necnon unius prati cont. quatuor acr. ; que omia pmissi supius specificat. modo sunt vel nuper fuerunt voc. ' le Chauntrie ground' de Bemystre pd. cu cor ptin. universis I 8 DORSET CHANTRIES. sic dimiss. Hugoni. Isack, Johne Isack et Elizabeth Cowp. p. Iras paten dne Elizabeth Rne dat. apud West. 14° die July anno regni s. septimo p. tmio vite eor. successive et post decessu. sursmredd. cujuslibt dcor. Hugonis. Johanne et Elizabeth deceden. tenen. tune reddend. et solvend. dee. dne. Regine hered. et successor, ss. optim. averus noie heriott, repacon pmissor. ad omnis dcor. firm, fiend, reddend. inde p. ann. ^394 The fine is 3 years rent. File 32 No. 30 7 February 1593 Lease to William Hall, Joan his wife, late wife of Thomas Harte, and Hugh Harte sonne of Thomas Harte, for term of their lives, of same lands, at same rent £•$ 9 4 The fine is 2 years' rents. File 32 No. 33 16 June 1596 Lease to William Hall, Joan his wife and Elizabeth Hart, daughter of the said Joan, for three lives of same lands at same rent of .£394 Grant to Giles Kaylway of Strowde in parish of Netherbury, Dorset and William Leonard of Taunton, co. Somerset, merchant Vol. 258, losd. File 1731 7 March 3 Edw. VI. 1549 Domus mansionis Cantarie de Beamistre, valet in Reddit. domus mansionis cum gardino et pomerio ibm reddend. inde p. ann. ^,34 At i o ye res pchas £i 13 4 Hutchins Vol. II. 138 and 139 states that this Chantry was founded by Robert Grey of Bemystre 8 Henry IV. and gives some particulars. DORSET CHANTRIES. 1 9 Chantry in Netherbury Founded by Thomas Powlet. Chantry Roll 40(57) Granted to the Free School at Netherbury See further on under "Foundations of Schools." Hutchins refers to this School in Vol. III. 1 17 & 146. Free Chapel of St. James in Kingston Russell. Chantry Roll, 41 (63) Gross income £10 6 8 Rents resolute 215 4 Nett Income £7 n 4 Grant to Giles Kehvay of Strowde co. Dorset Gent, and William Leonard of Taunton, co. Somerset, Merchant Vol. 258, 105. File 1731. 7 March 3 Edw. VI. 1549. Libra Capella de Kingston (Russell) valet in Firm, unius ten. cum 30 ac. terr. arr. et pastur. in ten. Willi M'ten p. ann. 40 o Firm, altius ten. in Kingston cum 22 ac. terr. arr. pt. et past, eidem ptin. in ten. pd. Willmi M'ten p. ann. 33 4 Firm, unius cli. pastur. ibm. conten. p. estimac. 30. ac. in tenur. Ric. Gilbert capellani p. ann. 40 o Firm. un. ten. ibm. cum 1 6 acr. terr. eidm ptin. in tenur. pd. Win. M'ten p. ann. 26 8 Firm alt. ten. ibm cum 12 acr. terr. arr. 4 acr. past, et 3 acr. prat, in tenur. Ricardi Gilbert p. ann. 26 8 Firm. uni. ioma et oblac. diet. libe. Capell ptin. in tenur. pd. Ric. Gilbert et Willi Marten p. ann. 40 o £10 6 8 Repris. Redd, resolut dno Regi r'one dissol. nup. Monast. de Cerne p. ann 53 4 extingat DORSET CHANTRIES. Redd, resolut de R'cori de Whitchurch pporcone ioas in Kingston p. ann. Et valet clare p. ann. £10 4 8 At 22 yeres purchas ^225 2 8 Mm that theare be not sufficient woods and trees growinge uppon the pmysses to repayer the howses and mantayne the hedges and fences of the same. P. me Galfrid Gate. Hutchins gives some details as to this Chapel Vol. II. 192. The Free Chapel of St. Luke's Sterthill in Burton Bradstoek. Chantry Roll 42 (65) Nett Income £4. o o Grant to William Fountain and Richard Mayne. Vol. 259, 179. File 1620. 3 Edw. VI. 1549 Liba. Capella de Sterthill, val. in Reddit. unius cli. voc. St. Lukes close et alt. cli. voc. La Fursey close in Nethersterthill, ac vestur. 2 acr. pt. in Berwicke meade p. ami. 13 4 At 22 yeres purchas ,£14 13 4 Memor, that the said chapell is scituate in a close called St. Lukes close wh. is above rated among other at 135 4d by the yere, and that there is no other lands apteining to the said Free chapel then is above specified. In File 1620 the above particulars are given rather more fully, as follows, Dom. mancionis cu. duobz pvis claus. ac vestura 2 acrs pti pcell possession. Libe Capelle de Sterthill val. in Firm, domus mancionis dee Libe Capelle cu pvo orto ordin. ptinen. ac cu duobus pvis claus. vocat. Seynt Lukes close et Furseyclose in Nethersterthill et vestur. 2 acrae pti. in Berwick meade in tenura Henrici Browne reddend. inde p. ann. 13 4 At 22 years' purchas £14. 13 4 DORSET CHANTRIES. 21 Memo, that there is no other lands apptenynge unto the sayd Free Chappell of Sterthill then is above specyfyed except 535 4d wch ryseth yerly in tythes and that ther is no woods nor under- woods grewyng upon the premisses. Liba Capella de Sterthill val. in Redd, porcon. quarusdem iomor. pven. de cert. terr. in tenur. Johnis Smythe in Sterthill pdict. p. ann. 5 o Redd, pporc. ut de 3m pte iomor. pven. de manor, de Berwik p. ann. 1 1 o Redd, quardm icm. feni in Berwike Meade comunibus annis 2 6 Redd, porcois quardm lorn. pven. de quadam firm. voc. Bredy fermor (Fearme) p. ann. 20 o Redd, quardm loin. pven. de quadm (una) past, voc Nethersterthill in tenur. Robti Derbie Et de uno prat, coibuz annis 5 o Redd, ut p. lorn, agnorum et lane pven. de firm. voc. Greveston p. ann. 15 o Redd. p. lorn. garb, et feni ejusd. firme p. ann. 8 o (Should be) but called At 20 yers purchas £66 13 4 Totals ["he following entry is crossed out Cant. Capella de Sterthill valt. in Lapid. et mearu. dci Capell. infra poch. de Bredy £3 6 6 £3 6 8 13 4 3 6 8 £4 o o 22 Hutchins vol. II. 286 col. I. gives an account of this Free Chapel ; but it is rather badly expressed, and would have been better if after " Graveston " the words " in this parish " had been inserted, and all that follows down to ' Trent co. Somerset ' had been deleted, since the Bridport Chantries and the lands in Worcester, Wilts, Devon and Somerset dp not belong to the 22 DORSET CHANTRIES. Free Chapel of Sterthill, though it is quite true that all these properties were granted to Fountain and Mayne. I have in my possession an Inspeximus of these Chantry lands made the 29 May 40 Eliz. (1598) which agrees exactly with the above grant, total £4. o o, and a lease for 1 2 years from Nicholas Darby of Sturthill, yeoman to John Hodder of Chideock, gent, of the tythes, dated 22 August 1598. Free Chapel of St. Ellen in Chillfrome. Chantry Roll 43 (66) Nett income £6 7 o Grant to Giles Keylway and William Leonard. File 1731 only, not in Vols. 67, 68, 258, or 259. 7 March 3 Edw. VI 1 549 Liba Capell. Ste Elene de Childfrome, valt. in Reddit. dom. mansion cu um clo. pastur. jac. jux. capell. pd. in tenur. Walti Fawne ad voluntad. reddend. inde p. ann. 10 o Redd. 2 claus. pastur. et Le more cont. 14 acr. in tenur. Rici. Synge ad voluntatem reddend. inde p. ann 20 o Redd. I cli. voc. Goldhay jacen. in Occident, pte. de Slowlane cont. 2 acr. ; 2 claus. pti. voc. le Brodecloses cont. 5 acr. ; 3 rods terr. jac. apud Slowlane ; I ac. jac. exoppos. Goldhaistyle ; 2 acr. jac. in borial. pte de Longslade ; 2 acr. jac. in borial. pte. de Woodhaishedg ; I claus. pastur. jacen. jux. coiam ibm voc. Tollercomon et vocat. Catley cont. 5 ac. ; 2 acr. terr. jac. sup. Frogmanshill ; I acr. terr. silit ibm ; 1 acr. dd. in tribus pcell. subtus. Frogmanshill ; 3 pcell terr. apud Shepebrydge Furlong cont. I acr. ; 2 pcell terr. jac. apud Marks Style Furlong cont. dium. acr. q. omia. jac. in camp, occiden ; I acr. terr. apud Swoloclyff ; I acr. terr. jac. apud Wysestyche ; I di. acr. terr. jac. bORSET CHANTRIES. apud le Hadd de Swalowclyff ; I di. acr. jac. in orien. pte de Swalowclyff ; I acr. terr. jac. ibm. ; di. acr. terr. apud Bekerley ; I acr. di. apud Marlepytt ; 3 rod terr. jac. in austral, pte. de Marlepytt ; I acr. terr. jac. in austral, pte. ; I prt. voc. Androwes meade et voc. Furse acr. ; I pcell. terr. jac. apud Wanebroke cont. di. acr. p. estimac. ; I pcell. prt. voc. Petishm ubi 2 cumulos feni ptin. tenen. et I ptin. tenen. Thome More cont. p. estimac I acr. ; 2 pcell. pti. apud Holyrysegate cont. di. rod pti et I pcell. pti. jac. apud Taddepole cont. di. rod dimiss. Rico. Hoskyns p. indent, p. timo vit. reddend. inde p. ami. Repris. Redd, resolut. Dno. Reg. ducat, s. Lancastrie p. ann. 1 2d. Valet clare p. ann. £2 1 6 8 At 22 yeres purchas £62 6 8 Mm. that theare be not suffycient woodds and trees growinge uppon the pmysses to repayer the howses and mantayne the hedges and fencs of the same. p. me Galfrid Gate. This grant does not account for the whole of the income. Hutchins Vol. II. 642 describes this Chantry and its Foundation. The building of the Chapel itself was valued at 403., but it is not very clear to whom it was sold. In Vol. 258, 93 it is stated to be sold to Thomas Gravesend and Thomas Sayle amongst other lands, but it does not appear on the Patent Roll or on the Files of Particulars in their names. Vol. 258. 93. Capella Saint Helena de Chilfrome. De lapidibus construct, ac cum tegulis coopt. quequidm. capcll. val. ad vendend. 40 o 24 DORSET CHANTRIES. Free chapel of Corton in Portesham* Chantry Roll 44 (67) Nett income ^400 Grant to John Doddington and William Warde of London, gents. Vol. 67, 13 File, 1582 24 Dec. 3 Edw. VI. 1549 Liba. Capella de Corton val. in Reddit. unius cli. pastur. contin. p. estimac. dimid. acr. cum omibus. decimis oblacoibus &cetis pficuis eidem pertin. sic dimiss. Johne Baylie pro timo 21 annor. p. ident. dat. primo die Februar. anno regni Dni Rx. nunc Edwardi Sexti primo redd, inde p. ann. £4. o o Which rated at 22 yeres £96 o o Hutchins mentions this Chapel in Vol II. 762. Chantry called Clapton's in Abbotsbury. Chantry Roll, No. 45 (64) Income ^584 Grant to Nicholas and Roger Prideaux. File 1890 only. 12 April 3 Edw. VI. 1549 Pcell. Cantie de Abbury voc. Clapton's Chauntrie valt. in Redd, domus mansionis cu uno pvo. gardino ibm p. Ann. i 8 At 10 yeres purchas £ 16 8 Memo that there is no other lands appteyning to the Chauntrye called Clapton's Chauntrye but the sayd Manor house with the garden above specyfed. Hutchins Vol. II. 720 states that this Chantry was founded by Sir Walter Clopton. The Chantry Roll No. 64 explains that the stipend to the incumbent was paid by the King out of the possessions of the late Monastery of Abbotsbury because it was founded within (Hutchins by mistake has ' without') the Monastery. DORSET CftANTRlES. 25 The Free Chapel of Wytherston. Chantry Roll 46 (68) Nett income £z 13 4 It will be seen by reference to No. 68 in the Chantry Roll that William Mone (or Moyne) alleged that this was a parsonage and not a Free Chapel, and it is to be supposed that his contention was upheld, as there appears to be no sale of the property, and the list of rectors is continuous to this day. See Hutchins, Vol. II., 199. The Chapel of Wambrook. Chantry Roll No. 47 (69) Nett income £7 4 4 This chapel is stated by Henry Stapull in the Chantry Roll No. 69 to be a parsonage and not a chapel, and apparently it was allowed to be one, as there is no sale recorded, and the rectors are continuous to the present time (see Hutchins, Vol. II., 152), though, curiously enough, Henry Stapull's name does not appear among them. Chantry of St. Michael called Mondayne's Chantry in Bridport. Chantry roll 48 (59) Gross income £12 14 9 5 3 Nett income £12 9 6 (i) Grant to William Fountayne and Richard Mayne. Vol. 259. 179. File 1620. 3 Edw. VI, 1549 Capella Sci. Mi. voc. Moundens Chantry val. in Lapid. et mearem die. capell. infra pochiam de Birtport £i o o Pcell. Cantar. Sci. Ms. voc. in Moundayns in Birtporte val. in Redd. un. burgagii ibm ptinen. dimiss. Thome Charde voc. Girtoppes p. ind. p. ami. 26 t>6RSET CHANTRIES. Repris. Redd, resolut. ballivior. burg, de Britport ut pcell. feod. firm ejusdem ville p. ann. 15 9 At 10 yeres pchas £j 17 9 Memor. ther is no other land apptening to the burgage aforsaid then is above specified (and there is no woods upon the premysses) (2) Grant to Nicholas Prideaux and Roger Prideaux. File 1890 only 12 April 3 Edw. VI 1549 Pcell. Cantie Sci. Michis. voc. Mondaynes Chauntry val. in Firm, domus mansionis, pomar. cu. ptin. in Bryttporte cu. domo ruinos. reddend. inde p. ann. 3 o At 10 yeres pchas £\ 10 o (3) Grant to William Morice and Edward Isaack. Vol. 259, 292. File 1 80 1 10 June 4 Edw. VI 1550 Pcell. Cant, de Mondayne in Birport pdic. val. in Reddit. unius burgag. ibm cum ptin. dimiss. Thome Chard p. ind. p. ann. 16 o Repris. in Reddit. resolut. ballivior. ville de Birport ut pcell. (feod) firm, ejusdem ville (exeund. de tent, pdc.) p. ann. 4 At 10 yeres pchase £7 16 8 Pcell. Cant. voc. Mondayns Chantry in Birport val. in Redd, unius burgag. ibm dimiss. Willmo Charde p. inden. (p. termio annor. p. ann.) 13 4 Firm. un. burgag. ibm dimiss. Rico. Furlock p. inden. (p. termino annor. p. ann.) 20 o At 10 yeres pchas £16 13 4 bORSET CHANTRIES. Pcell. Cant. Sci. Michis in Mondaynes in Bretport val. in Redd, unius ten. cum ptin. in Waldiche dimiss. Thome Noster p. indent (p. termio. annor. reddendo inde p. ann.) Redd. duor. ten. cum ptin. in Bradpole dimiss. Willmo Tanner p. ind. (reddend. inde p. ann.) *7 12 12 Repris. Redd, resolut. Due Thorn. Howard mil. filie Ducis Norf. pdict. terr. in Bradpole (annuati.) £i 4 o at 10 yeres pchas 12 o o Repris. 2.0 at 20 „ ,,200 Rem. £10 o o 4 o 2 O 2 O Redd. 2 acr. terr. arr. in Burton (reddend. inde p. ann.) At 22 yeres pchas £- 18 4 icd (4) Grant to John Wright and Thomas Holmes. File 2102 only. 17 March 7 Edw. VI 1553 Pcell. Cantie Sci. Michis vocat. Mundens Chauntrie in Byrtport infra eccliam poch. ibm fundat. val. in Firm, unius burgagii cum tribus acr. terr. arrab. ac curtillag. et gardino eidem burgag. adjacen. cu. oibz et singlis ptinen. scituat. in occidental, vico vill. de Birtport pd. inter burgag. cant, de Mountforts ex pte orientli et venellam voc. Wyks lane ex pte occiden. sic dimiss. Robto Balston p. indentur. dat. 20° die Decemb. Anno Regni nup. R. Henricii VIII 26. p. timino 40 annor. reddend. inde p. ann. 15 o At 23 yeres pchas 28 DORSET CHANTRIES. Memor. that the premisses is not pcell of any manner nor lieth nere any his Graces pks forests or chases or nere any hous resued (i.e. reserved) by a keeper for the accesse of his Highness by the distaunce of 8 miles, nor that there is no land belonging to the said tenement. (5) Lease to Robert Pytfold. File 31, 7 only 10 Dec 7 Eliz. 1564 Pcell terr. in manu Dne Regine existen. racone Actus Pliament edit. p. dissol. Colleg. Cant. &c. Pcell. Cant. Sci Michis. vocat. Mundayns Chauntry infra eccl. de Birtport val. in Redd, et firm, unius tent. cu. s. ptin. jacen. in Athelyngton modo vel nuper in tenur. Margaret Peryan p. ind. p. ann. 12 o Redd, et firm, unius al. tent, in Athelyngton pdi cu s. ptin. modo vel nup. in tenur. Willmi Howncell p. ind. p. ann. 8 o Lease to Robert Pytfold for 2 1 yeres. Fyne at 4 yeres rent. (6) Lease to John Cleves tile 32, 4 only 22 Jan. 7 Eliz. 1564 — 65 Pcell. terr. in manu Dne Reg. existens virtute Actus Pliament edit. p. dissoluc. Cant. &c. Pcell. Cant. voc. Mundens Chauntrie infra villam de Bridporte, val. in Redd, unius Burgag. ac un. garden, adjac. cont. un. rod. cu ptin. in Bridport dimiss. Henr. Carrington als Meriante, Jacobo fri. s. et Johanne uxi. s. p. cop. cur. dat. 24 die Aprilis anno R. E. VI 5to p. tmio vite eor. sucessive sub fine £2 reddend. inde p. ann. 6 o Firm. un. acr. terr. jacen. in venell. voc. " Michells lane" et 2 pec. terr. cont. p. est. di. acr. jacen. in borial. et austra. ppe. ibm cum eor. ptin. in Bridporte dimiss. Johi Baker et assign, s. p. inden. dat. 9 die Dec. ao R. Henr. VIII 37° p. tmio 40 annor. reddend. inde p. ann. 7 o DORSET CHANTRIES. 29 Firm, unius Burgag. in Bridport et un. gardin. eidem adjacen. cont. p. est. di. acr. cum ptin. sic dimiss. dco Johi Baker et assig. s. p. inden. dat. ultm. Julij anno reg. Rx Henr. VIII 330 p. tm. 40 annor. sub fine £2 reddend. inde p. ann. 6 8 19 8 .ease to John Cleves for 2 1 years. The fine at 4 yeres rent. (7) Lease to Christopher Symmes for 21 years. File 31, 38, only. 17 March 17 Eliz. 1575 Terr, et possession, in manu Dne. Reg. existen. virtute Actus Pliament, &c. Pcell. Cant. voc. Mundens Chauntry in Burporte et St. Katherines ibm val. in Redd, unius burgag. in Burporte modo vel nup. in tenur. Walti Fourde p. ann 7 o Redd, altius burgag. ibm nup. in tenur. Jois Style p. ann. 5 o Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Robti Tryptre, p, ann. 6 o Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Joanne Deverell p. ann. i 8 Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Xpoferi Bettescombe p. ann. 3 4 Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur Xpoferi Collens p. ann. 6 8 Redd, altius burgag. ibm in ten Rici Collyns p. ann. 5 o Redd, altius burgag. ibm in Athlington in tenur. Johis Peria. p. ann. 12 o Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Johis Jellet p. ann. 6 o Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Roberti Pacie p. ann. 8 o Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Nichi Egardon p. ann. 7 o £3 7 (8) Grant to Lord Cheney. File 2312 only. 14 Nov. 18 Eliz. 1576 Pcella terr. in manibus Dne Regine racone Actus Pliamenti edct. p. dissolucone Cantar. et al. humodi in dco com. (Dors.) 30 DORSET CHANTRIES. Pcell. Cantar. voc. Mundeynes in villa de Bidporte, val. in Redd, et firm, unius burgagii et unius gardini adjacen. cont. di. rod. in Bridporte pd. sic nup. concess. Henrico Boies et Andreo filio ss. p. cop. cur. dat. 17 die Sept. anno Rx. E. VI quarto reddend. p. ann. Redd, unius Burgag. cu. gardino cont. di. rod. cu. ptin. in Bridporte pd. sic. nup. dimiss. Thome Charde, Alic. ux. ejus et Alic. Hallett p. cop. cur. dat. scdo. die Julii anno Rx. E. VI 710 ad termin. vite eor. reddend. inde p. ann. 4 8 Rate of purchas not stated. On the last membrane of this File is a list (including above) of lands delivered by Her Majesty in recompense of the lands receyved of the said Lord Cheney. (9) Lease to Christopher Symmes. File 31, 37, only. 20 Dec. 20 Eliz. 1577 This is a lease for 50 years and is exactly the same as File 31, 38, with the addition of Redd, omni burgag. ibm (Burport) nup. in ten. Tho. Charde p. ann. 19 8 Which with the others already enumerated 3 7 8 Make a total of £\ 7 4 At the foot is the following memorandum : — Md. the premisses lye in the Borough of Burporte and have no lands belonging unto them, and are nowe in greate decaye and no tymber ther for theyre mayntenaunce of ther repayre, neverthelesse this bearer will content sufficiently to repaire them to have a lease with consideration of yeres. (10) Lease to John Ford, Hugh Ford & William Ford, for term of their three lives. File 32, 14. only. 8 Feb. 22 Eliz. 1579-80 Pcell. terr. et poss. in manibus Dne. Regine existen. racone Actus Pliament. &c. DORSET CHANTRIES. Pcell. Cantar. voc. Mundaynes Chauntry in Birteporte val. in Firm, unius tent, cu suis pten. scituat. et existen. in Athelington in dco. com. (Dorset) nup. pcell. Cantar. Sci Michel, vocat. Mundaynes Chauntry infra villam sive burg, de Birport als Britteport et modo vel nup. in tenur. sive occupacone Willmi Charde vel assign, suor. p. inden. pro termio anno, reddend. inde p. ann. £1 The premisses are not entered in chardge before me, yet neuertheless I fynde uppon searche the same (not, omitted ?) to be certified in the Booke of Survey of the Chaunteries in the seu. Countie and for what cause omitted in the Record I know not Willm Neale, Auditor. Rated at 4 yeres rent £6 4 o (n) Lease to Andrew Pytfold, Bastian Pitfold and John Pitfold for term of their lives successively. File 32, 13 only 16 May 22 Eliz. 1580 Pcell. terr. et. poss. in man. Due Reg. nunc existens virtute Actus &c. Pcell. Cantar. Sci Michis. voc Mundaynes Chauntrie in Bridport val in Firm, unius cotagii cu ptin. in Athlington in co. Dors, quondam in tenur. Johne. Dier vid. sic dimiss. Wm. Hounsell (mort.) et Alic. uxor. ejus (mort.) ac Rogero (mort.) et Andree filius eor. p. scriptu. indent. Jacobi Kipas et Johis Yewyn quondam capellan. Cantar. Sci Michis. de Mundens in Bridport pd. dat. 4 Maii anno regni nup. Rx. Hen. VIII 10° hendum statim cu post mortem sursumredd. aut fores, pd. Johnne Dier accidere contigerit pfat. Willo. Alicie. Andree et Rogero pro termio vite eor. et unius eor. vivent. reddend. inde p. ann. 8 o The fine rated at 3 yeres rent. 32 DORSET CHANTRIES. Resume" of rents of Mondaynes Chantry. 100 Stones and Wood 1 5 8 Regrant of part of No i ant JN O. I — i 15 9 2 3 0 3 — 3 i 13 4 3 I 2 0 3 IO 4 15 o 5 I O o 6 19 8 7 3 7 8 8 4 8 9 19 8 9 — 10 i ii 0 1 1 8 o 378 Regrant of part of No. 7 £13 This total is larger than that given in the Chantry Roll, No. 48 (59) viz. £12 9 6, perhaps some of the items had improved in value by the time they were granted or leased. Hospital of St. John the Baptist in Bridport. Chantry Roll 49 (61 Nett Income 19 8 Granted to Nicholas Prideaux and Roger Prideaux. 12 April 3 Edw. VI. 1549 Vol. 68, 272. (Only the first item* is given at this reference and no purchaser's name.) File 1890. Hospit. St. John Bapte in Brytporte *Domus mansionis predict, hospital sive Cantar. val. in Firm, domus mansionis predict, hospital, sive Cantar. cum uno parvo gardino et pomar. ac uno parvo claus. eidem adjac. capell. in tenur. Robti Chard nup. incumben. ibm p. aim. 6 8 In Vol 68. 262 is the following, " M. that this was graunted by My L(ord) P(rotector) where for it is to stand till the charge be determined." DORSET CHANTRIES. 33 Firm, unius domus voc. a Rope- house in tenur. Thome Warde p. ann. Firm, unius domus in australi vico in ville de Birtport in tenur. Johis Miller als. Hellier p. ann. Firm, altius domus in australi vico pdco. in tenur. Marg. Mynson p. ann. Firm, unius molend. aquatic, ibm valde ruin, et in decas. nup. in tenur. Henrici Waye p. ann. At 10 yeres purchas £$2 16 8 Firm, unius claus. et unius acr. di. pti. jacen. in Porte Meade infra poch. de Symesboroughe p. ann. 6 8 Firm, unius gardini in Birtporte pd. in tenur. Thome Buckerell p. ann. i o Firm, unius tenti. cu. gardin eidem ptin. jacen. in occidentli vico de Birtporte pd. in tenur. Willmi Charde p. ann. i 8 Firm, unius gardin. jacen. in vico pcdo. in tenur. Willmi Helyar p. ann. i o At 20 yeres purchas £10 6 8 Firm, unius pvi. pcelle terr. jacen. in poch. de Waldysh in tenur. Willmi Nocytor p. ann. 3 Firm, unius pcell. terr. jacen. in poch. de Bradypolle jux. pontem orient, de Byrporte in tenur. Willmi Norys p. ann. i o Firm, unius tent. cu. s. ptin. in Shepton cont. p. estimac. 3 acr. pastur. et 6 acr. terr. arrabil. in tenur. Thome Hodge p. ann. 6 8 8 o 4 o 400 5 5 8 10 4 34 DORSET CHANTRIES. Firm, unius pcell. terr. arrabil. jacen. in poch. de Burton cont. p. estim. 4 acr. in tenur. Bernardi Graffe p. aim. 4 o Firm. 2 acr. terr. jacen. in magno claus. jux. Porteman feld in tenur. Robti Newton p. ann. i o Firm 8 acr. terr. arrabil. cu. uno pvo. claus. in poch. de Waldyche in tenur. Nichi. Blumpyng p. ann. 6 8 At 20 yeres purchas £ig n 8 19 7 6 15 7 Repris. in Reddit. resolut. Ball, ville de Britport ut pcella feod. firm, ejusdm ville 6 8 Et Dno. Regi ex molend. pet. in jure nup. Mon. de Christ- churche in com. South. 10 o At 10 yeres purchas £8 6 8 • 16 8 Reman, clare ultra repris. p. ann. ^"5 1 8 1 1 Memor. that ther ar no power people in this Hospitall for thimcumbent therof yerely receyved the pfitts towards his own fyndyng, and that the Mylne is all decayed, and the tenements in Brydporte have no lands apptenyng to them and also that ther is no other lands apptaynyng to the said hospitall then is above menconed And that there is no woodds nor underwoods growing upon the pmysses nor any pcell therof Hutchins in Vol. II. 19-21 gives a long and interesting account of this Hospital, and quotes deeds of gift to it. Fraternity of the Blessed Mary within the Parish Church of Bridport. Chantry Roll No. 50 (60) Net income (?) ^"540 Grant to William Moryce and Edward Isaacke Vol. 259. 292. File 1801 10 June 4 Edw. VI 1550 Fraternit Bte Marie infra eccliam poch. de Birtport in com Dors. valt. in Redd. un. tenem. ibm in tenur. Johnne Hallet vid. p. ann 8 o DORSET CHANTRIES. 35 Redd. un. ten. ibm in tenur. Johne Dally (vidue reddend. inde p. ann.) 10 o Redd. un. ten. ibm (cu. ptinen) in tenur. Rici Bishoppe (reddend. inde p. ann). 10 o Redd, unius ten. cum ptinen. ibm (modo vel nup.) in tenur. Johnis Pinpon (reddend. inde) p. ann. 13 4 Repris. In redd, resolut. divers, pson. exeun. de ten. pdict. viz. Johne Hallet 3d. ; Johne Dally 3d. ; Rici Bisshop 3d. : John Pinpon 4|d. At io yeres purchas £20 2 10 (sic) Although the Chantry Roll at No. 60 distinctly says that there were no lands attached to this Chantry, but only a little house with a garden, value 35. 4d., the Commissioners seemed to have found at all events houses to the value of £2 os. 2^d. per annum which they sold. The income of £$ 43. as given by the Chantry Roll is thus only partially accounted for. Hutchins Vol. II. 29, mentions this Fraternity and gives date of foundation and other particulars gathered from the archives of Bridport, which that town is most fortunate in possessing. Hospital fop Lepers called Mary Magdalen in Athling-ton near Bridport. Chantry Roll 51 (62) Nett Income £684 Grant to Giles Railway and William Leonard. Vol. 258 io5d. File 1731. 7 March 3 Edw. VI. 1549 Domus hospitalis Leprosor. Bte Marie Magdalene in Actlington ppe. vill. de Birport, val. in Firm, unius mansionis ejusdem dom. in qua capellan. ibm inhit. p. ann. 2 o At 10 yeres pchas £\ o o Firm, unius pvi. cli. in occiden. pte dee domus lepros. in ten. Rici. Hacker p. ann 36 DORSET CHANTRIES. Firm, unius mess. voc. " The Mawdelen ferme " cum cert. terr. eidem ptin. in tenur. Thome Charde p. ind. p. arm. 40 o Firm, unius cli. pastur. cont. 33 acr. terr. in poch. de Britport in ten. pcdt. Thome Charde p. ann. 38 8 Firm, unius pec. pastur. in Acthlington in tenur. Willmi Welborne p. ind. p. ann. 16 4 Firm, unius cli. ibm cont. p ; estm. 1 8 acr. terr. in tenur. Willmi. Charde p. ann. 26 8 66 At 22 yeres pchas ,£138 19 4 £6 8 4 Memor. that there is no other lands apptenning to the said Hospitall then is above specified. This Hospital was ordeyned for the relief of lepars and lazar men and one prest to shrive them, the pfights wherof the prest hath and receyveth for his salary and the poore men lyveth by almes of the towne and other. Note as to the Woods on File 1731. Certen lands and tenemts in Acthlington and neare Burporte in the sev'al tenures of Richard Hacker, Thomas Charde, Wyllm Welbourne, and Wyllm Charde pcell of the late Leper Howse of our blyssed Ladye in Athlington. Mem. that there be not suffycient woods and trees growinge uponn the pmysses to repayer the howses and mantayne the hedges and fencs of the same. The following is from a Parliamentary Survey taken in the Commonwealth period : — DORSET No. 2. A certeine Messuage and Lands called THE CHAUNTRY OF MAGDALEN IN ATHLINGTON IN DORSETT. Recd the 3ith of May 1653 Transmitted to the Srveyor G'rall the same day Dorsett Chantry Lands in Athlington with the apptences A Survey of a Certaine Messuage and Lands with the apptences comonly called Magdalens Chantry Scituat lyeing and being in DORSET CHANTRIES. 37 Ashlington nigh Bridport in the Countye of Dorsett Late pcell of the possessions of Charles Stuart late King of England made and taken by us whose names are hereunto subscribed by vertue of a Comission graunted to us by the Honoble the Trustees appointed by Act of the Comons assembled in Parliament for sale of the Honos Mannors and Landes heretofore belonging unto the late King Queene and Prince under theire hands and scales All that Messuage or Tenement with the Apptenances scituate lying and being in Ashlington abovesaid in the Countye of I Dorsett consisting of five Roomes belowe stayers and five Chambers above stayers, with a Barne Stable and other necessarie out houses with yards Gardens and Orchards there to adioyneing conteyneing by estimation two acres more or less all which we value to be worth ,p ann 02 : o : o x': All that close of arable grownde called or knowne by the name of the Home close or the five acres lyeing and being in Athlington aforesaid abutted on the East by the lands of Robert Pittfold of Sharston, on the South by the Orchard, Reeke-barton and Gardens above mencioned, towards the West by the Lands of Mr. Eaton parson of the Pish of Bridport abovesaid. And on I the North by the Lands of the said Robert Pittfold Conteyneing by Estimacon five acres and a halfe more or less which we value to be worth p. ann. 05 : 2 : oo viju : vs : viijd All that other close of arable ground called or known by the name of the five acres under the hill lyeing and being in Athlington aforesaid Abutted on the East by the Lands of the aforesaid Robert Pittfold and the arable close before abutted on the South by the Lands of the said Mr. Eaton on the West by the lands of Sebastian Pittfold. And on the North by the lands I of Richard Symes conteyneing by Estimacon five acres more or less which we value to be worth p anno. 05 : o : oo v11 All that peece or p'cell of Meadow and arable grownde called or knowne by the name of the West Meade, at it is severed and devided in fowre severall lyeing and being in Athlington abutted on the East by Athlington hill in the possession of Richard Symes and the lands of Sebastian Pittfold on the South by the Highway leading from Bridport towards Excester, on the West •the lands of Mr. Hardy of Symsburie And on the North by the lands of Robert Pittfold and the lands of John Bayliff conteyneing by estimaccon twelve acres more or less which we value to be worth p ann 12:0:00 xij1' All those two Closes of Meadowe grownd called or knowne by the name of Magdalens Meads lyeing and being in Athlington aftbresaid abutted on the East by the Meadowe grounds belong- ing to one Mr. Gibbs on the South by the lands belonging to 38 CORSET CHANTRIES. the Lady Bewchamp on the West by the Meadowe grownds in the possession of John Hallett And on the North by the Highway leading from Bridport to Exon afforesaid conteyneing by . estimacon eight acres more or less which wee value to be worth p ann. 08 : o : oo xvju All those two Closes of Arable grownde called or known by the name of the North meld lyeing and being in Athlington afforesaid abutted on the East by the Lands of Richard Symes on the South by the Highway leading from Athlington towards Dotters Chappell on the West by the lands of Thomas Paine and on the north by the lands of the Widd Trivett and the lands of Sebastian Pittfold conteyneing by estimacon twelve acres more or less which we value to be worth p ann 12. o. o. viii1' All that Close of Arable Grownde called or knowne by name of the fower acres lyeing and being in Athlington afforesaid Abutted on the East by the Lands of the Widdow Trivett before mencioned on the South by the Lands of Mr. Richard Waden on the West by the Lands of Richard Symes And on the North by the lands of the said Richard Symes and M Brodripp conteyneing by estimacon foure acres and a half more or less which we value to be worth p ann. 0.4 : 2 : oo (•>//'0 All those two Closes of Arable and pasture called or knowne by the name of the Dower ffeilds lyeing and being in Athlington afforesaid abutted on the East and South by the Lands of Elizabeth Waye widdowe on the West by the Lands of John Bayliff before named and on the North by the lands of the afforemencioned Richard Symes conteyneing by estimacon fourteene acres more or less which wee value to be worth p ann 14 : o : oo xju vijs (?) vjd ? And all wayes passages Liberties privileges Easmentes Imunities Jurisdiction pfitts Emoluments Comodities Advantages and Apptences whatsoever to the said Messuage and severall pcells of Land belonging or in anywise appteyneing or which have been heretofore used occupied and enioyed as pte or pcell of them or any of them. Memorandum we find the said Messuage and severall pcells of Land thereto belonging with the appcences in the tenure and occupacon of Richard Paine whoe holds the same by Lease for Lives from one Mr. Roger Gallop of Southampton But what Right or title the said Mr. Gallop hath in the pmisses whe knowe not, for as much as no Evidence was p'duced to us though Somoned there unto we return the same in possession valued as above. Memoranda the prsent possessor Acknowledged unto us that he hath payd about one and thirtie shillings rent p ann for the 5ORSET CHANTRIES. premisses unto the Auditor of the said County which we conceive to be the Rent given us in Charge. Total of acres 63. o. oo. Total of Impved value p ami. — Ixxij.1' xviij.8 ijd Joh' Haddocke, Francis Barnes, John ffiske Samuell Cottman This Survey was pfected the 23th of May 1653 by us. In Hutchins, Vol. II., 206, will be found an account of this hospital. Chantry of St. Katherine, Bridport. Chantry Roll 52 (58). Income 18 4 There does not appear to be any account of the disposal of the property belonging to this Chantry, so we are unable to say of what it consisted beyond the house referred to in the following grant. Grant to Thomas Watson and William Adys. Vol. 258, 39. File 2056. 23 Feb. 3 Edw. VI 1549 Domus mansionis Cantar. Sci Katherine in ecclesia poch. de Birtporte val in Reddit. domus mansionis cum pvo. gardino ibm reddend. inde p. ann. 3 4 At 12 yeres purchas £2 o o Hutchins gives some interesting particulars concerning it in Vol. II. 28. Lands in Chardstock. Chantry Roll 53 (72). I find no further mention of these lands than is given in the Chantry Roll at above reference. Stocks of Kine, &c. Chantry Roll 54 (— ). See further on. Obit Lands. Chantry Roll 55 (— ). See further on. DORSET CHANTRIES. It would be desirable to insert the figures given below on the pages indicated in Vol. XXVII. for 1906, to serve as cross references : — On page 228 after 56 insert (39) 229 230 232 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 7° 72 (40) (52) (48) (So) (49) (50 (40 (45) (42) (43) (44) (46) (47) (53) Section B. A. OBITS, LIGHTS, &c., WHICH ARE SPECIALLY MENTIONED ON THE CHANTRY ROLL. Obit of Robert Garnett in Lytton. Chantry Roll No. 70 Income 45 8d Grant to Giles Kehvay of Strowde, co Dorset, gent, and William Leonard of Taunton, co. Som. merchant. File 1731 only. 7 March 3 Edw. VI 1549 Pochia de Lytton in co. Dorset val. in Firm, unius mess, cum curtillag. ac quinque acr. di. terr. arrab. et dimid. acr. prat, vocat. Mayden Meade cum omibus ss. ptin. scituat. et jacen. in DORSET CHANTRIES. 4* West Baglake in pochia de Lang Bready in com. Dors, dimiss. Gardian. de Lytton p. indentur. Robti Garnett, clici. quondam Rectoris ecclie pochial de Ludeton dat. 10° die Decembris anno 12° nup. Rx. Henrici VIII (1520) ad intencon. sequen. videlt. qd. diet. Gardian. celebravent missam in ecclia de Ludeton annuatim tercio die Marcii cu. exequiis in eadm ecclia p. alabus Alexandri Whernely et Thome pris ejus et Robti Garnet et Willi pris ejus ac p. ambus omi. defunct, et invenir 2 luminar. arden. duran. exequiis. et miss, annuatim in diebus pd. Ac distribuend. Rect. ejusdm ecclie p. celebracoe. miss, cu exequiis. 8d. p. pochiam ibm tempe diet, exequiar. in pane et siucia (i.e. cervisia) 45. Hendum et tenend. mess. cu. terr. predict, p. terio cert, annor. immediate post mortem predict. Robti Garnet ut p. diet, indenturam plenius appar. Quiquidm Robtus Garnett supius noiat. diem suum clausit extremm 1 5 die Octrs MDXXVII. Intoto p. ann. 43 8d Repris. Redd, resolut. Magro Kyme Dno de West Baglake p. capitli reddu. ibm p. ann. yd allo. Remanet ultra clare (sic) £ 33 8d At 22 yeres purchas £4. o 8 Memo. This land was geven for a masse and dirydge ycrlye to be said in the pisshe churche for the sowles of diuse psonnes for certen yeres above menconed. The remayndre after the expyracon of the said yeres of the within named Sir Robte Garnett. Mm. That theare be not suffycient woodds and trees growinge uppon the pmysses to repayer the howses and mantaync the hedges and fences of the same", p. me Galfrid Gate. 42 DORSET CHANTRIES. Service of the B. Mary in Lyme Regis. Chantry roll 71 Income £\ 18 n The following grant appears to be a part at least of above. It is the only grant specially referring to Lyme Regis. Grant to Giles Kelway and William Leonard. File 1731. 7 March 3 Edw. VI 1549 Pochia de Lyme Rs. valt. in Firm, unius mess, et 8 acr. terr. cu. ptin. In Lyme in tenura Thome Elston, quoquidm tent. cu. terr. pdicd. dat. fuer. p. Willm Dare capellam et Ade le Mercer de Lyme pdict. Vicar. ecclie de Lyme in auxilm sustent. cujusdm. capellan. diuina servic. (cert.) diebus in ecclia de Lyme p. animabus Robti le M'cer et Matilde et Cristie uxori ejus et omni fidelm. defunct, et qd. mess, et terr. pdict. tenent. de Dno. Rege in capite p. sviem 155. io^d. p. ann. p. man. Ball. ville de Lyme omi. svicio p'ut in Iris. paten. Edwardi nup. R. Anglic (tercio) dat. quinto die Maj anno regni s. t'cio et in quadm exemplificat. dat. Iras paten, anno regni die. nup. Rs. 40 plenius apparet p. ann. 25 10^ Repris. in Redd, resolut. Ball, ville de Lyme ut pcell feod. firm, ejusdm vill. p. ann. 15 io| Et valt clare p. ann. 10 o At 22 yeres purchas £11 o o Mm. that theare be not suffycient woodds and trees growinge uppon the pmysses to repayer the howses and mantayne the hedges and fcncs of the same. p. me Galfri. Gate. Referring to Hutchins Vol. II 74 this service was apparently founded by the Carmelite Friars in Edward II's reign. There is an Inquisition ad quod damnum taken 19 Edward II. (See Hutchins IV. Ixxviii) and from the particulars above an Exemplification thereof taken 40 Edward III. Another Inquisition ad quod damnum apparently referring to the same matter was taken DORSET CHANTRIES. 43 2 Edward III No. 136 2nd Nos. All these documents should be examined when dealing with the Foundations of The Chantries. It will be observed that the amount of income does not tally with the Chantry Roll. Stipend to John Kilbury in the Church of Stoekland. Chantry Roll 73. £2 16 o Grant to Hugh Edwards, mercer, of London and William Knight, mercer, of London. Vol. 259, 229, Patent Roll No. 823 3 Edw. VI (1549) pt. 9 memb. 8. Servic. unius psbiti. in ecclia de Stoekland val. in Firm. un. domus cum pomar. et gard. ac 5 ac. terr. in tenur. Walteri Mondaie p. ami. 20 o Firm. 5 ac. terr. in tenur. Ric. Parys reddend. inde p. aim. 20 o Firm. 6 ac. terr. in tenur. Johis Turner redd, inde p. ami. 16 £2 16 At 22 yeres purchas £61 12 o Hutchins Vol. II. 252 gives an account of this property and brings it down to the present time. Free Chapel of Frome Whitfield. Chantry Roll No. 78 Nett Income £10 o o It would appear from what Hutchins says in Vol.11. 417 that the Church of Frome Whitfield is sometimes called a Rectory, sometimes a Free Chapel and Chantry. Evidently it was not considered a Chantry in Edward VTs reign as there is no record of its being granted to anyone. It was annexed to Holy Trinity Rectory and parish in Dorchester 7 James I. Obits fop Certain Persons. Chantry Roll No. 79. No further information is to be found. 44 DORSET CHANTRIES. A Light in Wareham. Chantry Roll No. 80. No further information is to be found. Brotherhood in Wareham. Chantry Roll No. 81. No further information is to be found. Lepers House in Dorchester. Chantry Roll No. 89. No further information is to be found. Lands in Swanwieh. Chantry Roll No. 90. See under " Foundations of Schools " further on. Hospital of Lepers of St. John Evangelist in Sherborne. Chantry Roll No. 91. Nett income £31 50 This Hospital is still in existence, see Hutchins, Vol. IV., 294. Mass to B.V. Mary in Sherborne. Chantry Roll No. 101. Income i6s. 4d. Granted to John Dodington and William Ward. Vol. 67, 1 8, File 1582. 24 Dec. 3 Edw. VI. 1549 Duo tent, scituat. in Sherborne in poch. de Sher- borne que dat. fuerunt ad susten. misse N'oie Jesu (sic) in ecclia poch. de Sherborne pcd. (presbiteri celebratur in ecclia de Shirborne, in Patent Roll) valet in Firm, unius tent. cu. gardino eidem pertin. in tenur. Johanis Shepman (Chep- man) p. indentur. reddend. inde p. ann. 1 2 o DORSET CHANTRIES. alterius tent, cum pvo. gardino adjacen. in tenure Thome Camyll pro tmio. ann. (reddend.) val. p. aim. At 1 6 yeares purchase ^13 i 4 Memorand. that there is no other londes appteyning to the mayntenance of Jhus masse in Shirborne then is above mencioned. Hutchins does not mention this Mass. Fraternity of Jesus in Gillingham. Chantry Roll No. 102 Nett income ^4 10 o Granted to Christopher Dismars. File 2148 only 29 May 4 & 5 Philip & Mary 1558 Pcell. terr. et possession, nuper ptin. Fratintat. Jhus in Gyllingham in co. Dorset Dius terr. et tent, in Busshoppston et Hemyngton in co. Wilts val. in Firm sive redd, unius mess, in Throupe infra pochia de Busshpston cum omibz. domibz. edificiis ort. pomiis gardin. terr. arr. prat, pascuis et pastur ac cum omib. et singlis ss. ptin. dimiss. Phi. Newman als Broke, Xpiane uxi. ss. ac Willmo filio eor. p. indentur. dat. 14° die Julii Ao. 33 Rx. H. VIII p. tmo. vite eor. et. redd, inde p. ann. 40 o Firm, sive redd. I claus. prat, in Throupe pd. cont. p. est. I acr. di. dimiss. Johi. Ragland p. indentur. dat. 6 die Feb. Ao. 20 Rx. H. VIII hbend pfat. Johi. et assig. ss. a fest. Sci. Michis Archi. ante dat. dct. indentur. usq. ad finem et term. 40 ann. px. sequen. et redd, inde p. ann. 10 o Firm, sive redd. 8 mess, in Hemyngton voc. Cosyns Ferme cu. omibz. domibz. edificiis gardin. pommiis. 46 DORSET CHANTRIES. terr. arr. prat, pascuis pastur. coibz. et pise. cu. omibz. et singlis ss. ptin. dimiss. Willo. Birte p. indent, dat. 29 die Septembris Ao. 20 Rx. H. VIII hbend. et tenend. omia et singlis pmis. cu ptin pfct Willo Birte et assig. ss. a die dat. dct. inden. usq. ad finem et tmin. 40 annor. et redd. p. ann. 40 o At 28 yeres purchas ,£126 o o Mem. The pmisses are united unto the Crown by Acte of Pliament for the Dissolution of Chauntries, Fratinties and others. Also the pmisses were never pcell of the Duchie of Lancaster or Cornewall or of the auncient inheritaunce of the Crowne. Also ther are nether leade, Belles, mynes nor pks upon the pmisses. Neither lye they nere to anye of the Queenes Maties houses of accesse. The woods are to be answered by the officer of the Woods. Hutchins mentions this Fraternity in Vol. III. 643 col. 2. Fraternity in Gilling-ham. This is probably part of the Fraternity of Jesus, No. \oz of the Chantry Roll, although the income there given has already been accounted for. Granted to Silvester Taverner. Vol. 258, 1 60. File 1998. 12 April 3 Edw. VI. 1549 Cert, cotag. jacen. in Motcombe infra pochiam de Gillingham ptin. Fritate (Fratintat.) de Gillingham valt. in Firm, unius cotagii in Motcombe in tenur. Oliveri White p. ann. 10 o Firm, alter, cot. ibm. cum gardin. eidem ptin. in tenur. Johis Wiks p. ann. 10 o Firm. alt. cotag. ibm in tenur. Rico Bedell p. ann. 4 o Firm, alter, cotag. ibm in tenur. Thome Gainescliff p. ann. 4 o Firm, altcrius cotag. ibm in tenur. Johannis Brayton p. ann. 3 4 DORSET CHANTRIES. 47 Firm, alterius cotag. in tenur. Georgii Birte p. ann. 3 4 £1 H 8 At 12 yeres pchas £20 16 o Memo, that there is no other lands belonging to the said Fratintie then is above specified. Obit of Thomas Andrews in St. James, Shaftesbury. Chantry Roll No. 103 Income £ - 6 Granted to Silvester Taverner. Vol. 258, 160 File 1998 12 April 3 Ed\v. VI 1549 Duo burg, sive ten. in poch. Sci Jacobi in vill. de Shaston dat. p. Thorn. Andrew p. susten. unius obit, in eidem ecclia val. in Firm. duor. tentor. sive burg. scit. et jac. in pochia Sci. Jacobi in vill. de Shaston in tenu. Nichi Orchard (Orcherde) et Willmi Hooper p. ann. 6 8 At 12 yeres purchas ^4 o o Hutchins mentions this Obit in Vol. III. 57. Obit of Ellen Mathewe in St. Peters, Shaston. Chantry Roll No. 104 Income £ - 3 Granted to Sir Thomas Bell, Knt. and Richard Duke. Vol. 68, 372. File 1419. 5 July 2 Edw. VI 1548 (The Chantry Roll says " A Mass called Aurora.") Obitus Elene Mathewe ml. uxis Johnis Mathewe defunct, fundat. in ecclia poch. Sci. Petri infra villam de Shaston val. in Quodam annual! reddit. annual solut. cxeund. de uno tento. Willi. Mathewe scituat. et jacen. in pochia Sci. Petri infra villam de Shaston modo in occupacon. Willi Gawtrell p. ann. 1 3 4 48 DORSET CHANTRIES. Repris. Dener. annuatim distribut. paupibz infra villam de Shaston p. ann. 7 8 Remanet ultra p. ann. 5 8 Memo, the said annuall rente of 133 4d going out of the tent, abovesaid was given by the said Elyn Mathewe for an obite to be kepte yerely w'in the Church of Seynt Peters in Shaston abovesaid during the tme (terme) of 20 yeres as in the certificate of the churchwardens of the said pishe it wyll appere, wiche seid Elyn Mathewe died in the yere of our Lord God MDXL as by a will or testament of the said Elyn Mathewe yt wyll appere. The said lease ys solde to the said William Mathewe for the sum of 403. This Mass is mentioned by Hutchins in Vol. III. 46. Obits of William Kettelton, John Browne, John Mercer als Pottyearie and John Kilpeeke. Chantry Roll No. 105. Total income £i 9 i Granted to William Place and Nicholas Spakeman. Vol. 259, 295 and File 1883 4 Edw. VI 1550 Obit Willmi Kettelton val. in Firm. duor. tent, cum suis ptin. commutes voc. the " Lambe " scituat. et jacen. infra pochie. Sci. Peter in vill. Shaston modo in tenur. Edwardi Williams p. ann. 5 5 At 22 yeres pchas ^519 2 Obit Johnis Browne val. in Firm, unius tent, scituat. in poch, Sci. Jacobi in Shaston predic. ac un. pomar. eidem. ptinen. modo in tenur. Hugonis Harvey ac unius gard. jacen. in pochia Sci Trinitatem in Shaston predic. in tenure Hugonis Lewys p. ann. At 22 yeres pchas £4. 8 o DORSET CHANTRIES. 49 Obit Johis M'cer als Pottycarie val. in Firm, totius illius tenti voc. Kilpeckes Place cum suis ptinen. jacen. in Melburye et Can modo vel nup. in tenur. Edmundi Lushe reddend. inde p. ann. At 22 yeres pchas. ;£8 16 o The following appears to belong to the Obit property of John Mercer als Pottycary, although the name is not quite the same. This item is not on the Chantry Roll. Granted to Sir John Perient and Thomas Reve. Vol. 259, 247. File 1866. i Dec. 3 Ed\v. VI 1549 Pochia. de Sci. Petri in Shaston val. in Quodam ann. redd, exeund. de cert. terr. et ten. Johannis Marshall (sic) als Poticary quondam de Shaston pd. jac. in Melbury et Cane (modo vel nup.) in tenur. Edmundi Lusshe p. ann. 4d At 20 yeres pchas £ — 6 8 Obit Johis Kylpeke val. in Firm, unius tenti. adjacen. eccli Sci. Petri in Shaston predict, modo vel. nuper in tenur. sive occup. Johnis Clement p. ann. At 20 yeres pchas £i 1 1 8 There be no other landes belonging to anye of the premises then is above expressed. There is no woodes upon the premisses. The Chantry Roll mentions the Obits of John Mathew and William Conye, but these were not apparently disposed of in the reign of Edward VI. , and I have not discovered them later on. Hutchins in Vol. III. 46, mentions all these Obits, but not quite correctly. 50 DORSET CHANTRIES. Section C. B. OBITS, LIGHTS, &c., WHICH ARE NOT SPECIALLY MENTIONED ON THE CHANTRY ROLL, ARRANGED IN THEIR DEANERIES. DEANERY OF DORCHESTER. Chantry Roll No. 9 Gross Income ^234 1 7 2 i 9 Corfe Castle. Grant to Thomas Cocks and Humphrey Cocks. File 1526 only. 12 March 7 Echv. VI 1553 (These particulars are taken from File 1731, which is more detailed. The lands had originally been sold to Giles Kehvay and William Leonard, but the entry is struck out of their account.) Pochia de CorfFe Castell valt. in Firm, unius pcell. terr. jacen. in Corffe Castell in poch. de Corff modo vel nuperintenur.Willmi Hardy, qquidm. pcell. terr. dat. fuit ad inveniend. quoddm. luminar. infra eccliam. de Corff pd. p. ann. 6d At 22 ye res purchas £ — 1 1 6 Note as to Woods. — There be no woods nor trees growinge in and upon the premisses, therefor no value. Worth. Grant to William Place and Nicholas Spakeman. Vol. 259, 295. File 1866. 4 Edw. VI 1550 Firm, unius tent, in villa de Worth dat. ad sustentac. unius lamped, arden. in ecclia de Worth pcd. modo vel nup. in tenur. Johnis Squyer reddend. inde p. ann. 4 o DORSET CHANTRIES. DEANERY OF SHAFTESBURY. Chantry Roll No. 20 Gross Income Rents resolute Nett 51 6 13 ii 13 4 ;a o 7 Broadwinsor. Grant to Sir John Perient and Thomas Reve. Vol. 259, 247 File 1866. i Dec. 3 Edw. VI 1549 Brodwinsor poch. in com. pcd. val. in Firm, unius ten. cum gard. eidem ptin. in tenur. Willmi Norice dat. p. susten. cujusdm. lampad. ibm reddend. p. ami. 3 o At 10 yeres pchas £i 10 o Child Okeford. Grant to William Pery and John Kyte. Vol. 258, 133 File 1871 25 Feb. 3 Edw. VI 1549 Cert. terr. dat. p. sustent. obit, infra poch. de Child Ockeforde valt. in Reddu. 7 acr. terr. cu. suis ptin. in poch. de Childe Ockeforde modo vel nup. in tenur. gardian. ecclie ibm p. ann. 6 8 Reddu. di. acr. pti. ibm modo vel nup. in tenur. gardian. ecclie ibm. p. ann. i 4 At 24 yeres pchas £9 12 o Memo, that there is no woodes growing upon the premisses. In Elizabeth's reign, among " concealed lands," are some particulars concerning a lamp in Child Okeford ; whether it is the same as above, which is an Obit, it is difficult now to say, but the acreage is the same as one portion. Particulars for Leases, Elizabeth. File 33, No. 12. 29 June 1566. Grant to John Freeke for 21 years. Redd. 7 acr. pastur. et prati jacen. in Childe Okeforde quiquidem 7 acr. dat. fucrunt ad sustcntac. unius lampad. ac modo vel nup. in tenur. sive occupac. Michaclis Cawlc reddend. indc p. ann. 3 6 52 DORSET CHANTRIES. Ewerne Courtney. Grant to John Scott. File 2233 17 Nov. 4 & 5 Philip and Mary 1557 Pcell. terr. Cantiar. infra Decanat. de Shafton, Iwerne Courtney als Srowton valt. in Redd. trm. acr. terr. jacen. infra pooh, de Iwarne Courtney pcdo dat. et concess. ex antiquo tempe p. pulsat. campan. voc. " The Curfewe ryngyng " p. ann. 4 o At 28 yeres pchas £$ 12 o This property had originally been included in a sale to Thomas and Humphrey Cocks, File 1526. 12 March 7 Edvv. VI. 1553 but is crossed out there ; however, as it gives a little additional information, it is added here also : — Terr. dat. et concess. p. pulsacone Campan. vocat "The Curfull (sic) ringinge " infra eccliam pochial in Iwerne Courtney val in Redd. trm. acr. terr. p. estimac. ibm modo vel nuper in tenur. Robti Goodchyn p. ann. 4 o Iwerne Minster, Lease to John Freeke. File 31 No 12 29 June 8 Eliz. 1566 Terre concelat. in co. Dorset Terr. dat. ad sustentac. lampidam in com. pd. val. in Redd. 4 acr. terr. arrab. jacen. in Iwerne Minster in coibus campis ibm unde 2 acr. in australi pte vie vocat. " White wave " et alie 2 acr. in boriali pte vie predict, que quidem 4 acr. dat. fuerunt ad sustentac. unius lampad. ac modo vel nup. fuerunt in tenur. sive occupac. Wulstoni West p. ann. i 4 t>ORSET CHANTRIES. Nether Compton. 53 Grant to Silvester Taverner. Vol. 258. 1 60 File 1998 12 April 3 Edw. VI 1549 Firm. di. acr. terr. arr. jac. in campas de Nethercompton in tenur. Willmi Lampe (sic) et dat. fuit p. sust. unius Lampad. ardend. in ecclia poch. ibm p. ann. 4^- At 24 yeres pchas ^80 Stalbridge. Grant to Silvester Taverner. Vol. 258, 160. File 1998 Stalberge val. in Firm. trm. acr. ter. jacen. in campis de Stalbridge dat. p. susten. unius lampad. arden. in ecclia. de Stalbridge predict, p. ann. At 24 yeres pchas £3 4 o 12 April 3 Edw. VI 1549 Sturminster Newton. Grant to Sir John Perient and Thomas Reve. Vol. 259, 247, File 1866 i Dec. 3 Edw. VI 1549 (Pcell.) Tent, in Sturminster Newton dat. ad inst. obit Rogi Chipman in ecclia ibm valt. in Firm. un. pcell cujusd. ten. jac. in Stur- minster Newton adjac. terr. Dni. Principis ex pte austral, et terr. Rici. Bailben ex pte boriali cont. in lat. 34 pedes et long, a pte boriali usq. occiden. 114 (64) pedes et a occiden. pte usq. austr. 15 pedes (in tenur. Thome Yonge reddend. inde) p. ann. 6 8 At 10 yeres pchas ^368 54 DORSET CHANTRIES. DEANERY OF PIMPERNE. Chantry Roll No. 3 1 Gross income i i o rents resolute 4 4 Nett income 16 8 o Wimborne Minster. Grant to Thomas Reve and George Cotton. File 1902 only 7 May 7 Edw. VI 1553 Terr. dat. et concess. pro susten. unius lampad. in ecclia pochiali ibm arden. in Wymborne Mynstre valt. in Redd, unius orrei cu. pvo gardino annexat. modo vel nuper in tenur. Thome Crosse p. ann. 3 4 At 23 yeres pchas ^316 8 Redd, unius acr. terr. in Radcott modo vel nup. in tenur Willmi Aley (or Allen) p. ann. i 4 Redd, unius Claus in Kingston Lacie contin. p. estimac. tres acr. nup. in ten. Willmi Golde et nuric in tenur. Xpoferi Redhous p. ann. 3 4 Redd, unius acr. terr. in Kingston Lacie pd. modo vel nuper in tenur. Henrici Ryckemay p. ann. — 6 8 6 The last three at 23 yeres pchas ^5 18 10 Memor. ther is no other lands or tents geven to the use aforesaid and that this be the first pticulers that I have made of the premisses. Henr. Leke, Audit. DEANERY OF WHITCHURCH. Chantry Roll No. 37 Nett Income £i 17 4 Blandford St. Mary. Grant to Thomas Cocks and Humphrey Cocks. File 1526 only 12 March 7 Edw. VI 1553 Terr. dat. p. susten. unius lampad. in ecclia poch. de Blandford Mare (sic) ibm arden. Redd. cert, pcell. terr. jacen. in comibus campis ibm conten. p. estim. una acr. et di. terr. arrabilis in tenura Thome Boxley p. ann. : ° At 23 yeres pchas £i 3 o There be no woods nor trees growinge in and upon the premisses, therefore no value. Mappowder. rant to John Coker. File 33. 7 only. 17 Feb. 5 Elizabeth 1562 Cert. terr. et tent, in Mappowder in com Dorset val. in Firma duar. clausur. prati et pastur. videlt. un. clausum prati et pastur. vocat " Milhams " continen. p. estimac. 22 acr. et alterum clausum prati et pastur. vocat. " Swettersham continen. p. estimacoem 4 acr. jacen. et existen. in Mapowder pcd. in com. pcd. que Dna Poncherton ad pulsacoem unius. compane et ad sustentacoem unius lampadis et 4 lumini voc. tapers in pcda ecclia de Mapowder pcd. olim dedit et concessit Rectori de Mapowder pcd. continuacoem h'ere imppur. p. ann. £6 18 8 Memor. by inquisicon taken at Bucklande in the countie aforesaid primo die Septembr. anno 4to Dne Regine nunc Elizabeth before Robt. Penruddock Esquier and others by vertue of the Quenes Maties Comisson out of her Highnes Courte of Exchequer to them directed, amongst other things it is found that the said Ladye Poncharton to the ryngng of one bell and sustentation of one lamp and four lights called tapers sometime did gyve and graunt unto the said pson of Mapowder the said 2 closes of meadow and pasture leiing in Mapowder aforesaid being of the yearlie valewe above menconed, And the pson of the said psonage alwaies from the tyme of the saicl gift had the same lande meadowe and pasture to his owne use and hathe byn chardgcd to the valewe of los by the ycarc for the ringing of the 56 DORSET CHANTRIES. said bell and susteyning of the said lights burning in the pyshe churche of Mapowder afforesaid in forme as followthe, that is to say, in the evening the said bell was ronge half an hower and continuallie at the cessang of the said bell the foresaid lampe was lighted and soe burnt all the night untill the morning and then in the morning weare put out and the foresaid bell was ronge agayne untill daylight And further that the said pson of the said churche was chardged yearlie to the valewe of 55 to the sustentacon of the saide lights called tapers in the said churche that is to say two on the highe Alter theare and two before the Image of Saint Peter and Paul &c. As by the same Inquisicon remayning in the custody of the Threasaurers Remembrancer in the Exchequer amongst other things it doeth and may appeare. Signed PETER OSBORNE. Hutchins in Vol. III. 729, gives an account of some lands given to the Church for superstitious uses, now annexed to the Rectory, which appear to be identical with above. Sturminster Marshall. Grant to Sir John Perient and Thomas Reve. Vol. 259, 247. File 1866 i Dec. 3 Edw. VI 1549 Pochia de Sturmist. Marshall val. in Firm. z\ acr. terr. arr. jac. infra poch. pd. (modo) in ten. Thome Skovell dat. ad sust. cujusdm. lampad. arden. in ecclia de Sturminster (pdict. p. ann.) i o At 22 yeres pchas £i 20 This may perhaps be the " Lampeland " mentioned in the codicil to the will of Richard Phelip dated 24 Jan. 1556. See Hutchins III. 368. DEANERY OF BRIDPORT. Chantry Roll No. 55 Gross income 5 7 10 less rents resolute 6 8 Nett income ^5 i 2 DORSET CHANTRIES. Charmouth. Grant to Silvester Taverner Vol. 258, 1 60 File 1998 12 April 3 Ed\v. VI 1549 Firm, unius pcell terr. cont. dimid. acr. jac. in Charmouth dat. p. sustentar. unius luminis in ecclia ibm p. ami. 6 At 24 yeres pchas £ 12 o Memo, that there is no woods growing upon any of these pmises. Wotton Fitzpaine. Grant to Silvester Taverner. Vol. 258, 160 File 1998. 12 April 3 Edw. VI 1549 Firm, unius acr. terr. jac. in Wotton Fitzpaine in tenur. R'coris ecclie ibm dat. ad sust. duor. lumin. in ecclie ibm p. ann. i 4 At 24 yeres pchas £i 12 o Memo, that there is no woods growing upon any of these ^remises StOCkland (formerly in this Deanery). In the grant to Silvester Taverner, Vol. 258, 160 File 1998, is an item intended to be sold to him, but crossed out. I have not come across it again in the sale to anyone else, so put it here to record it. Firm, unius pcell terr. vocat. Gilston continen. unam acram di. jacen. in Stokeland pdict. dat. p. sustentac. unius lumin. arden. in ecclia. ibm. p. ann. ( End of Section C.J B cm6 < gouts foun6 in porsef. By HENRY SYMONDS. (Read ISth Feb., 1909.) AUTHORITIES. — Evans' " Coins of the Ancient Britons." 1864 and '90. "Mouumenta Historica Britannica." 1848. Cohen's " Mudailles Imperiales," 2nd Ed. Akerman's " Coins of the Romans relating to Britain." 1844. earliest history of the circulating medium used by the ancient Britons in the tract of country now known as Dorset is still veiled in considerable obscurity, and for the greater part of such information as is available we are indebted to the untiring industry of the late Sir John Evans, who made the subject particularly his own. It is at all events established, as far as place of discovery can do so, that the Durotriges had a monetary system expressed in silver, bronze, and gold coins, which are without inscriptions on either side, and which are found almost exclusively within the confines of their territory. So purely local arc these pieces that they are described as the South-Wcstern or BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 59 Dorset and Wilts type in Sir John's classification of the general series. We learn from Julius Caesar that the inhabitants of this island before the first Roman invasion used gold and brass money, but the early British coinage was derived from Greece rather than from Rome, and it is noticeable that the majority of the silver coins of this district are thick and slightly concave on one side, thus resembling in fabric their Greek prototypes. The native engravers of the dies for this uninscribed currency borrowed the design from their Gallic contemporaries, who had in turn copied from imitations of a gold coin of Philip II. of Macedon ; hence it is that successive engravers, departing further and further from the original type, produced what is little better than an unmeaning and barbarous medley of lines, dots, and crescents, which do duty for the laureate head and the horses of the Macedonian stater. Indeed, were it not for the existence of intermediate and less degraded types found elsewhere it would be difficult to establish any connection between the two ends of the numismatic chain. The specimens that I am able to exhibit are of silver and bronze only, and were discovered chiefly at or near Hod Hill ; one of silver was dug up in Dorchester, another of bronze near Bridport. The weights of the four silver pieces vary from 80 to 46 grains troy, and they contain an appreciable quantity of some alloy. [Plate No. i.] Coins of the local type in gold occur but very rarely ; the only examples that I have seen were in the late Mr. Durden's cabinet, and were found in East Dorset. Sir J. Evans suggested B.C. 200 to 150 as the approximate date when this coinage was introduced, the Dorset type being one of the latest issues. The date of withdrawal is equally uncertain, but these rude pieces continued in circulation after the second Roman invasion, as I am aware of one instance in which early British silver was found in conjunction with the brass of Nero; accordingly it may be assumed that the unlettered coinage of the Durotriges survived here until at least A.D. 50-60, and perhaps a little later. 60 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. We may now pass without a break in time, and possibly without regret, to the monetary system imposed by Rome upon this country for three centuries and a-half, a system which produced the wonderful array of portraits and historical data which have been unequalled in any other age, and to which the words " Show us the coinage of a nation and we will write its history " seem especially applicable. Before entering upon the details of the second portion of these notes I would point out, in explanation of the limited number of specimens upon the table, that the British section of the Roman coinage, attractive though it is in interest, is a small one numerically, and represents only a fractional part of the Imperial series. The opportunities of studying the subject on the spot are many; in 1672 Rich. Blome, when describing Dorchester, mentions the " great quantities of Roman coyns there often digged up," and more than 200 years later the soil is still yielding an apparently undiminished supply. That section of the Imperial coinage which is directly connected with our island may be placed in three classes : — A. Those coins on which the reverse types and legends commemorate successes of the Roman arms in Britain, but which were probably struck in Rome.1 The issue of these historical devices, often of great beauty, unfortunately ceased after the death of Caracalla in A.D. 217. B. Those bearing letters in the exergue (such as PLN, &c.), which indicate that the coin was struck at one or other of the mints set up by the conquerors in their British province. The reigns of Constantine I., the members of his family, and their colleagues furnish the bulk of this class. C. Those that were undoubtedly issued in Britain, but without British devices or mint letters in the exergue, such as the unmarked coinage of Carausius and Allectus. To these may 1 A smaller school of numismatists hold that some of these commemorative coins of the earlier emperors were produced in Britain, but the contrary opinion generally obtains. BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 6 1 perhaps be added the coins of Cl. Albinus when governor of the province, and after he had been raised by Severus to the dignity of Csesar and had usurped the title of Imperator in the island. The expedition of Julius in B.C. 55 was too ineffective to leave any traces on the currency, and nearly a hundred years elapsed before the Romans made another and more sustained effort to occupy the country. The result of this second invasion is shown by the issue of the first of the coins to which I would draw attention. [By the courtesy of Captain Acland I have been enabled to include descriptions of some additional types of Romano-British coins found in the district and now in the Dorset County Museum; these items are marked with the initials D.C.M. in the following list.] CLAUDIUS, A.D. 41 TO 54. Denarius, A.D. 46. i. O. TI. CLAVD. CAESAR. AVG. P.M. TR.P. VI. IMP.XI. Laureate head to the right. R. DE. BRITANN upon an arch surmounted by an equestrian statue between two trophies. This coin was struck by Claudius on the occasion of his return from Britain after a not too arduous campaign of sixteen days in A.D. 43. Dion Cassius tells us that the Senate ordered, among other honours, the erection of a triumphal arch in Rome, and conferred for the first time the name of Britannicus upon the Emperor and his ill-starred young son. The foundations of this arch have been discovered in the Via Flaminia, and the denarius, with its sister coin the aureus, provide contemporary representations of the structure. A peculiar interest attaches to this reverse, in that it refers to the only recorded instance of a triumph and an arch being voted to a wearer of the purple who had subdued the Britons. A denarius of this uncommon type was shown to me some twelve years ago by a friend to whom it had been sent for examination by the 62 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. finder near Weymouth.2 Its present resting place is unknown to me, but fortunately I made a note of the inscriptions. The type is so rare in Dorset that I have ventured, in the absence of the rightful coin, to interpose for inspection a foreign-found example, which differs mainly in being of the tenth year of tribunitian power, viz., A.D. 50. [Plate No. 2.] Of the immediate successors of Claudius there are no coins (except one bearing his son's name) which make allusions to Britain, although we might expect that Vespasian, after he was proclaimed Augustus, would have thus commemorated his previous military exploits in the southern portion of this island, seeing that Titus recorded the capture of Jerusalem ten years after the event. On the other hand, the prosperous reign of Hadrian the travelled gave us half-a-dozen varieties in brass of British types, but I cannot point to even one as having been found within our borders ; a regrettable void, as this Emperor's period may be said to show the high-water mark of the Roman engraver's skill in portraiture, the designs being also of much historical interest. ANTONINUS Pius, A.D. 138 TO 161. Second-brass, or As., A.D. 155. 2. O. ANTONINVS. AVG. PIVS. P.P. TR. P. XVIII. Laureate head to right. R. BRITANNIA. COS IIII. In ex: SC. A woman seated ; on the left are a shield and standard. [Plate No. 3.] The figure on the reverse is regarded as a personification of the Province ; a mourning Britannia seated upon the inhospitable rocks of her native land, with Roman emblems alongside as a confession of defeat. This specimen (found at Clyde Path Hill, Dorchester), belongs to a type which the excavator-antiquary 2 From this neighbourhood Mr. C. Warne obtained, as did Mr. Hall, many fine specimens of Boman money. BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 63 brings to light more frequently than any of those in Class A, but very rarely does this type present itself in good condition, being as a rule poorly executed. These two facts are urged in support of the contention that the coin Avas struck in Britain, the dies having been engraved in Italy. Mr. Roach Smith mentions in Collectanea Antiqua a find of 327 of these "Britannia" pieces (all much worn) at Procolitia on the wall of Hadrian and Severus, and infers that they were used for the pay of the Northern legonaries. The D.C.M. possesses two specimens, not from the same dies. COMMODUS, A.D. l8o TO 192. First-brass, or Sestertius, A.D. 184. O. M. COMMODVS. ANTON. AVG. PIVS. BRIT. Laureate head to right. R. P.M. TR.P. VIIII. IMP. VII. COS IIII. P.P. In ex : VICT. BRIT. In field SC. A winged Victory seated on shields, holding palm branch in right hand and supporting a shield with left. [Plate No. 4.] It is believed that this Emperor never set foot in Britain ; he may have preferred to air his vanity on the Palatine Hill, leaving to others the care of the outposts of his empire. Nevertheless, Commodus did not neglect to acquire the name Britannicus from the Senate, and that body was responsible for the charming figure on the reverse of this sestertius, which alludes to the success of Ulpius against the Caledonians and to the saluting of his master as Emperor for the seventh time. SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, A.D. 193 TO 211. Second-brass, or As., A.D. 211. O. SEVERVS. PIVS. AVG. BRIT. Laureate head to right. R. VICT. BRIT. P.M. TR. P. XIX. COS III. P.P. In field SC. A winged Victory to right holding a standard ; two captives seated at her feet. 64 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. Denarius, A.D. 210. 5. O. SEVERVS. PI VS. AVG. BRIT. Laureate head to right. R. VICTORLE. BRIT. Victory seated on shields, to left ; supporting a shield with right hand, the left holds a palm branch. [Plate No. 5.] There is a stern reality about the association of Severus with Britain ; a death struggle with Albinus, then Governor of the island and an aspirant for the Principate, marked the opening of a strenuous reign. When already past middle life the Emperor, accompanied by his sons Geta and Caracalla, crossed over from Gaul to put down a rising rebellion, and for three long years waged successful war against the barbarians of North Britain. Spartian, writing at the end of the third century, says that the title of Britannicus was granted to the old war-lord in respect of the great wall, which was then rebuilt and strengthened, and which still stands astride the neck of Northumbria. Severus died at York in A.D. 211, leaving his empire to " my Antonines," as he pathetically styles his two sons. The second brass coin came to Mr. Burden from one of the finds near Blandford ; the denarius hails from Fordington, and shows the debased silver which was introduced during this reign. CARACALLA, A.D. 211 TO 217. First-brass, or Sestertius, A.D. 211. 6. 0. M. AVREL. ANTONINVS. PIVS. AVG. BRIT. Laureate head to right. R. VICT. BRIT. TR. P. XIIII. COS III. In ex : SC. Victory erecting a trophy, her left foot upon a helmet ; a female captive standing, another seated on the ground. (The standing figure may represent Britain.) Nineteenth century deep draining revealed this expressive example of third century art. [Plate No. 6.] BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. Denarius, A.D. 210-13. 7. O. ANTONINVS. PIVS. AVG. BRIT. Laureate head to right, R. VICTORIA. BRIT. Victory walking to right and carrying a standard. This Emperor, on the death of his father Severus, brought the war in Britain to a close and forthwith returned to Rome. The above two coins were probably struck during his father's lifetime, as Caracalla had received Augustan honours as early as A.D. 198. It will be observed that the word " Caracalla " (merely a nick- name) does not appear upon his currency, the legends of which read "Antoninus Pius," &c. ; care is therefore necessary, if the portraits are not clear, in distinguishing the coins of this unworthy holder of an honoured title from those of his namesake of seventy years earlier.3 There is now a long and troubled interval, giving us no British types until MAXIMIAN HERCULES, A.D. 286 TO 310. Third-brass, A.D. 286. 8. O. IMP. MAXIMIANVS. AVG. Radiate bust to right with paludamentum and cuirass. R. SALVS. AVGG. In ex : C. Hygeia holding a serpent, which feeds from a patera in her left hand. [Plate No. 7.] The plural ending of the word AVGG ( - Augustorum) makes allusion to the fact that Maximian shared the empire with Diocletian, who ruled the East. We have here an instance of Class B, showing in the exergue the first letter of Camulodunum, now Colchester, a town of much importance during the Roman occupation. At this point it should be borne in mind that the splendid series of first-brass coins, which had been declining in interest 3 It may be useful to add that the legends of Antonine, the adopted son of Hadrian, read " AVG. PIVS" ; those of Caracalla "PIVS. AVG." 66 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. and in weight since the days of Caracalla, came to an end under Gallienus, A.D. 253, and that thenceforward the yellow metal known as orichalcum was no longer used at the mint. The second and third-brass, still so called for convenience, were struck in copper as before, but with smaller diameters, while the silver denarius had further degenerated into a piece of copper washed over with a solution of tin ; in a word, general confusion prevailed as the empire waned. The familiar S.C., the sign of Senatorial approval, disappears under Aurelian, and after Diocletian's period we also miss the chronological details as to honours, which alone enabled us to fix the dates of many of the earlier coins ; it is, however, fair to state that the last-named Emperor made efforts to restore the fineness of the higher metals used in his coinage. CARAUSIUS, A.D. 287 TO 293. Third-brass. 9. O. IMP. CARAVSIVS. P.F. AVG. Radiate bust to right, wearing paludamentum and cuirass. R. COMES. AVG. Victory standing to left; wreath in right hand and palm branch in left. This reverse may be intended to suggest a friendship with Diocletian. 10. O. IMP. C. CARAVSIVS. P.F. AVG. Radiate bust as last. R. LAELTITIA] AVG. In field S.C. Female figure holding anchor and wreath. (D.C.M.) n. O. IMP. CARAVSIVS. P.F. AVG. Radiate bust as last. R. LE [G. II. AVG] In ex ML. Capricorn, or sea goat, to left. (D.C.M.) ML = Moneta Londinii. A very uncommon type ; the Capricorn was the badge of the second legion, at that time quartered in the island. Doubtless it was politic thus to honour them. 12. O. IMP. CARAVSIVS. P.F. AVG. Radiate bust as last. R. MONE[TA. A]VG. In ex : C. Juno, the divinity of the mint, with balance and cornucopia. C = Colchester. (D.C.M.) BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 67 O. IMP. C. CARAVSIVS. P.F. AVG. Radiate bust to right, with paludamentum. R. PAX. AVG. In ex : MLXXI. In field S.P. Peace standing, with olive branch and hasta. ML = London mint. The numerals, also in the exergue, denote a ratio of value, viz., twenty of these coins to one denarius. The D.C.M. has a similar specimen, but reading ML without the numerals. 14. O. IMP. C. CARAVSIVS. (P.F] AVG. Radiate bust as last. R. PAX. AVGGG. In ex : C. In field S.P. Peace standing, with olive branch, and the hasta held transversely. Colchester mint. The triple G in the reverse legend intimates that the issuer claimed to be on terms of equality with the two Emperors then ruling on the Continent. The letters that often appear in the field of coins of this period are rather obscure, and their interpretation has not yet been definitely settled. The last mentioned seven specimens are of the coarse fabric and rough execution which characterise the money of the intruder who struck them. Carausius, usurper as he was and pirate as he may have been, affords an early object lesson as to the value of sea power. Appointed to the command of a Roman fleet at Boulogne, he took the ships across to Britain and, with the consent of the garrison, declared himself as Emperor. »For six years he defied the efforts of the legitimate Augusti, Diocletian and Maximian, to dislodge him. During those years his mints in the island were extraordinarily active, more than four hundred varieties of type being known. ALLECTUS, A.D. 293 TO 296. Third-brass. 15. O. IMP. C. ALLECTVS P.F. AVG. Radiate bust to right, with cuirass. 68 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. R. JOVI. CONSERVATORI. In ex : ML. In field SA. Jupiter standing, with spear and thunder- bolt. London mint. (D.C.M.) 1 6. O. As last. Radiate bust to right. R. PAX. AVG. In ex : ML. In field S.P. Peace holding the hasta transversely. London mint. (D.C.M.) 1 7. O. As last. Radiate bust to right, with cuirass. R. PROVIDENTIA. AVG. In ex : CL. In field S.P. Female figure with wand touching globe on the ground, cornucopia in left hand. Colchester mint. (D.C.M.) 1 8. O. As last. Bust as last. R. SALVS. AVG. In ex: ML. In field SA. Hygeia holding serpent, which feeds from patera. (D.C.M.) London mint. 19. O. As last. Radiate bust to right, with paludamentum. R. VIRTVS. AVG. In ex : ML. In field S.A. A trophy, with two captives seated on the ground. London mint ; a rare variety, being unknown to the compilers of Mon : Hist: Brit: and to Cohen, and not in the British Museum. 20. O. As last. Bust as last, but with cuirass. R. VIRTVS. AVG. In ex : QL. Galley with five oars, rudder, mast, and shrouds. [Plate No. 8.] Struck at London, of the fourth (Quarta) mintage. A common type, but worth attention as showing one of the war galleys by means of which the two usurpers maintained their power. The coin is of small size. Allectus, having removed Carausius by the method all too common among those who sought a Roman throne, succeeded to the position of "tyrant" in Britain, and held his ground until fate, in the person of Constantius Chlorus, brought about his fall. Britain was thus reunited to the empire after a separation of nine years. The mint at Colchester was closed after the death of Allectus. ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 69 LlCINIUS I., A.D. 307 tO 324. Third-brass. 21. O. IMP. LICINIVS. P.P. AVG. Laureate bust to right, with cuirass. R. GENIO. POP. ROM. In ex: PLN. In field S.F. Genius with cornucopia and patera. The letters PLN and the lengthened form PLON are now definitely accepted as the marks of the Roman mint in London, and may be interpreted as Pecunia Londiniensis or Percussa Londinii. Licinius the elder, on succeeding to the highest honours of the state, became the colleague of Galerius Maximianus in the control of the Empire. He afterwards married the sister of Constantine the Great, and later on the East and West were separately governed by the two brothers-in-law. CONSTANTINE I., A.D. 311 to 337. Second-brass. 22. 0. CONSTANTINVS. P.F. AVG. Laureat bust to right, with cuirass. R. ADVENTVS. AVG. In ex: PLN. In field a star. Equestrian figure of the Emperor to left, in front of him a captive seated on ground. Another and a finer specimen of this scarce reverse is in the D.C.M. The entry of Constantine into Rome in the year 312, alter the overthrow of all rivals, is here commemorated. Third-brass. 23. 0. CONSTANTINVS. AVG. Laureate bust to right, with sceptre. R. BEAT. TRANQLITAS. In ex: PLON. Altar inscribed VOTIS XX., above which are a globe and three stars. (A.D. 320-24). (D.C.M.) London mint. These votive coins were originally struck to mark the public vows made by the Emperors every ten years in return for a renewed grant of power by the Senate. At this date yo BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. the vows had become the mere shadow of a form, and the coins were issued irregularly. This one purports to mark the second decennial period. Second-brass. 24. O. IMP. CONSTANTINVS. P.F. AVG. Laureate bust to right, with cuirass. R. GENIO. POP. ROM. In ex : PLN. Genius holding cornucopia and patera. [Plate No. 9.] 25. O. As last. Similar bust. R. MARTI. PATRI. PROPVG. In ex: PLN. Mars charging with shield and spear. London Mint. Third-brass. 26. O. CONSTANTINVS. AG. Laureate head to right. R. SARMATIA DEVICTA. In ex: PLON. Victory with standard and palm branch ; a captive seated on ground. [Plate No. 10.] This coin can be approximately dated, as the Sarmatians were conquered in A.D. 322. 27. O. IMP. CONSTANTINVS. P. AVG. Laureate bust to right, with cuirass. R. SOLI. INVICTO. COMITI. In ex : PLN. In field T.F. The Sun carrying a globe and raising right hand. (A.D. 314.) The D.C.M. has two similar pieces, one in which a star is substituted for T.F. in the field; the other reads MLN in the exergue (Moneta Londiniensis). 28. O. IMP. CONSTANTINVS. MAX. AVG. Helmeted bust to right, with cuirass. R. VICTORIAE. LAETAE. PRINC. PERP. Two Victories placing shield upon an altar ; on the shield VOTIS. P.R. (A.D. 317-20.) (D.C.M.) The foregoing nine coins of Constantine the Great are fairly representative of the large number that are still being unearthed in Dorchester and its environs. The smallest of the brass pieces are probably the " King Dorn's pence," of which Camden speaks in his History, 1610 edition. The second and third-brass of BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. this period vary so much in relative size that it is often merely a matter of opinion to which denomination an item belongs.4 CRISPUS, A.D, 317 TO 326. Third-brass. 29. O. CRISPVS. NOBIL. C. Helmeted bust to left, with cuirass. R. BEAT. TRANQLITAS. In ex : PLON. Altar inscribed VOTIS XX, above which are a globe and three stars. (A.D. 320-24.) See a note under Constantine I., No. 23. 30. O. CRISPVS. NOB. CAES. Helmeted bust to right, with cuirass. R. VIRTVS. EXERCIT. In ex : PLN. A Standard inscribed VOT. XX. ; two captives seated on ground. (A.D. 317-20.) This son of Constantine the Great did not attain the Sovereign power ; consequently his coins always read " Caesar," not " Augustus," the former title being borne by the prospective heir to the throne. CONSTANTINE II., A.D. 335 TO 340. Third-brass. 31. 0. CONSTANTINVS. IVN. N.C. Radiate bust to left, with cuirass. R. BEATA. TRANQVILLITAS. In ex : PLON. In field P.A. Altar inscribed VOTIS. XX ; above are a globe and three stars. (A.D. 320-24.) [Plate No. ii.] 4 It is remarkable that no aurei or solid! of any reign appear in the D.C.M. collection, nor have I heard of any in other quarters ; as these gold coins are not so rare as their absence would suggest, it is possible that the intrinsic value of the metal , or doubts as to the law of treasure trove, may have prevented their being offered to local antiquaries. 72 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. Found near the S.W.R. Station in Dorchester, together with a first-brass of Titus showing Domitilla joining the hands of Vespasian and Titus. After this reign it is believed that the mints in Britain ceased to work, or at all events to issue mint-marked coins, with the exception of a temporary revival under the usurper Magnus Maximus (383-7). Some coins of this Emperor bearing the letters AVG are now attributed to London, which at that date (teste Marcellinus) was known as Augusta. As yet no coins of Magnus bearing that mark appear to have been found locally. The suppression of the mint of Londinium Augusta is significant of greater changes that were soon to follow. In truth the time had come \vhen enemies were closing in upon the Roman world, Avhen the pulse of life from Rome grew feeble and her grip relaxed. The final scenes are briefly mentioned by the historians ; Zosimus, almost a contemporary writer, says that in 410 the Emperor Honorius, "having written letters to the cities in Britain urging them to look to their own safety indulged in all indolence." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle tells us that in 409 Rome ceased to rule in Britain, and that in 418 the Imperial treasure was removed, some being buried in the earth. Bede in his Eccl : Hist : adds that in 416 the troops which had been sent to help the islanders said farewell and did not return. From this time onward it would appear that the Romanized Britons and the colonists of Roman birth ceased to be under the protection of the legions, and were left to withstand as best they could the Saxon deluge. of n By Mrs. KING WARRY. C Read ISth Feb., 1909.) CONSIDERABLE interest is attached to the old-time Portland belief in the non-existence of peasantry amongst the islanders, coupled with the claims of superiority of descent as regards freedom, &c. We are not here immediately concerned with the accuracy or inaccuracy of this belief, but merely enquiring into its origin, as being a subject which may, perhaps, bear investigation, though a certain amount of complication is inevitable in considering these early periods. By studying Professor Vinogradoffs "Growth of the Manor," we may, however, justify this statement in part, if not wholly. We will first consider a few points with regard to Celtic landholding, the manner of which seems well known, set forth by the " comparative " method of enquiry, the Welsh surveys also helping considerably to elucidate the past. It must be remembered there is evidence to show that as late as the time of Alfred the Great even Somerset, Dorset, and Wiltshire formed part of West Wales, thus conclusively proving the strength of 74 THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. the Celtic element in those counties at that date. This is but too often overlooked or ignored altogether, perhaps because of the preponderance of Celtic blood in Devon and Cornwall ; but there is much to justify the belief that this element was, and probably is, still strong in the first mentioned counties, and a certain allowance must be made for this in considering old customs of land tenure, or in an attempt, however feeble, to re-create any condition of Ancient Society. Though the Irish Celt (Goidet) was most likely as well represented in the south- west as the Welsh Celt (JBrython}, it is rather to the latter we must look for what is known of Celtic institutions on British soil, though doubtless various modifications would prevail in certain localities, according to the commercial intercourse of the time and the influx of strangers, either for peaceful trading purposes or bent upon warlike expeditions. We will, therefore, enumerate a few of the chief points, as interpreted principally by a study of Ancient Welsh known customs, which approximate closely in general to those of Ireland, Scotland, and Brittany. According to Bede, the rule of so-called Pictish succession prevailed in Scotland; this rule gave precedence to the claims of maternal kin, and in Irish legends and Gaelic inscriptions there are many little things which point to the same system. Though later on these maternal claims became subsidiary to the paternal, it no doubt shows that woman was held in high esteem, and may help to form the basis of a later mentioned fact. There were two ways of managing property, both of which were communalistic. By the one every man of full age had an equal share in the land occupied by the village irrespectively of his genealogical position ; by the other the succession was according to the laws of " gavelkind." As the village became too crowded, it will easily be seen that fresh settlements had to be made and new land reclaimed, thus clearly indicating the origin of the scattered hamlets and farms which prevailed in Celtic localities. The pursuits of the people in times of peace were almost entirely pastoral ; inter-commoning of herds within the division of land accorded to each tribe, sept, or clan was THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 75 1, and the strips in the field were all cultivated in common. The tariff of compositions was all fixed in cows. The aboriginal Iberian population appears to have remained settled on the land as serfs, but not as slaves ; i.e., they held the lowest place in the social organisation, but were not subordinated to the free, being merely subjected into tributaries as regarded their clans and chief, and compelled to serve as hatchet men only in the erection of camps, unlike the Celtic free, who had their military obligations graduated according to personal status. It will thus be seen that germs of the later manorial system were contained in the comparatively simpler Celtic arrange- ments, germs which would account for the system taking strong and speedy root in those places where the Celtic element made up a considerable portion of the population, and will easily elucidate reasons why in an isolated part this system should for long defy the changing hand of time, being disguised only by a thin veil of modernism. It is now generally conceded that the power of Rome was never so great in the west, and that the Roman occupation of Britain partook more of a military than of a civil character, in spite of many isolated cases of Roman villa remains and traces of Roman culture. There is ample evidence to prove that the Celtic land system stubbornly held its own, though opposed to the Roman city, and that the Celtic people, as a rule, merely came to the town (or port ?) for legal or commercial purposes, and that Celtic customs and institutions were never uprooted in the south-west of Britain. One great proof of this is, that the emigrants from Britain to Brittany during Saxon incursions, were so strongly Celtic as to stamp out the Latin of Brittany and supplant it by their own dialects, which constitute certain peculiarities of Breton speech and dialect even to-day. The Old English social and land systems present many contradictory evidences, easily explainable when we consider the diversities of the tribes who amalgamated eventually with the older inhabitants of Britain. The number of petty kingdoms j6 THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. in these early days must have accentuated these differences, but in spite of this some general system must have prevailed, the clue to which is first clearly obtained from the laws of ^Ethelbert, king of Jutish Kent, which show us the division of people into three classes, namely, earls, ceorls, and lats. Later the enact- ments of Ine and Alfred show a similar division in Wessex, but the l&ts there give place to the wealhs. These ivealhs, as well as ceorls, appear to have been able to attain to the rank of king's thane, but it has been suggested that the thane of Welsh extraction (wealK) was only appraised at half the value of the English thane ; in fact that the twelvehyndman with his were of i, zoos, was the English thane, and the sixhyndman with the were of 6oos. the Welsh thane. The ceorl seems to have originally come from free stock, though he afterwards fell into dependency in many parts, owing to later influences. When we come to the Danish and Scandinavian invasions, we find a special distinction claimed for the Northman, betraying his pride, independence, and love of freedom. This is, that even as late as Alfred's treaty with Guthrum, every Northman is placed on the same footing with the Englishman of high rank (the thane) with the were of 1,2003., meaning that every professional Danish and Scandinavian soldier, no matter of what status in his own country, claims equality with the Englishman of rank. His value as a warrior may have been a factor in the case, but it shows the haughty claims of superiority advanced by the Viking. These northern invaders appear to have shown special favour occasionally to Jutish settlements. This is easily explainable on the hypothesis that the Jutes and Goths were originally identical, having come from Gothland, in Sweden. If this be correct, with the strong claims of kindred among these northern nations (the Norse family claims were recognised to the sixth cousin, i.e., to the ninth generation), the fact of the Jutes obtaining a special meed of favour is easily explained by ties of affinity. The settlement of the various tribes in Britain had been largely affected by kindred, land being evidently allotted according to families. This was not without influence later. STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 77 The Old English methods of land ownership and cultivation approximated in many cases to the Celtic. Particularly would this be the case where the Romano-British population remained in any strength. Probably in such parts it was little more at first than the substitution of Teutonic for Celtic masters, but at this late date it is impossible to say in what proportion an admixture of the population might occur. In Jutish Kent the custom of gavelkind (the original mode of succession of free folk ?) prevailed, and as wherever the Jutes settled, their allies the Frisians appear to crop up also, the likeness to Celtic inheritance is strengthened, for certain tribes of the Frisians had the clan system fully developed. Thus as regards gavelkind and the claims of the family, Celts and Jutes might approximate so closely as to fall easily into line, and where there is strong presumptive evidence of the population having been originally Romano-British and Jute-Frisian, the system of gavelkind would be likely to be established so firmly that it would need very strong outside influence to upset it ; and it is to a population of this class that we should look for the survival of such a system, both Old English and Celtic methods having been based probably upon some common and more primitive arrangements, diversities growing out of environment and temperamental differences. The hide, the chief standard measure in land holding, is now clearly demonstrated to have meant a share, and not a fixed measure, as it varied very much in different districts. The Domesday hide was merely a geld hide ; i.e., a certain measure of land to be taxed at so much, and these hides were smaller in the south-western counties than in most other parts, though the land was assessed in much smaller units in Kent, Thanet, Wight, Ely, and part of Sussex. It seems natural to suppose that in the more fertile localities the hide would be a smaller unit than in sparsely peopled districts, where there was much waste land, but there seems to have been another factor in this case. With the exception of Ely, it is just such places as these we should look to at this period (as in Portland) for superior commercial 78 THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. intercourse, and it is perhaps more than a coincidence that (still with the possible exception of Ely) these are all places claimed as centres of Jutish colonisation. If this, indeed, be more than coincidence, it shows that amongst the Jutes, or what might be perhaps more correctly termed the Jute- Frisians, the lowest class of owners must have been very small holders, and that the land must have been divided into smaller sections than elsewhere. Are we to deduce from these smaller holdings greater individual rights of the people with regard to proprietary interests in the land, or does it denote here superior fertility of the soil, there trading facilities, or even a possible combination of both ? The Old English land system was mainly communal, in spite of certain private rights. The arable land was cultivated in strips, separated from neighbouring acres by thin fringes of unploughed turf called balks. These strips were sometimes hereditary, sometimes allotted. After the crops were gathered the fields became common pasture land, and individual rights were lost for the time. Up to the passing of the Tithes' Commutation Act in 1836 this Old English system remained partly in force in Portland Isle, the fields having what were termed "open" and " closed " years. During the " closed " period the owners planted and gathered their crops in the usual way, but the following or "open" year the fields were treated in "common " and opened to all cattle of the island, irrespective of ownership. With regard to meadows, always a valuable asset in village life, it was usual to put them under prohibition until Lammas Day, when the grass was cut and made according to certain rules, after which the land became the undivided pasture of the com- munity. According to present-day legal opinion the constitution of the Court Baron proves that there must have been free tenants to constitute a manor. The Court Leet represented arrangements that were in full force in Saxon times, but were fitted into the Feudal system later. This Court Leet is still summoned twice a year at Portland under the same old methods of procedure, and THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 79 the various officers still comprise the steward, bailiff, reeve, chief constable, affeerors, and haywards. Also the rights of pasturage appear to be the same as in Saxon times ; and the old methods of land disposal, namely, by Church-gift, by Surrender in Court, or by last will or testament, are still favoured by the inhabitants, though Surrender in Court has well-nigh died out. \Yhen we get to the Norman period we find that the position of a man is determined wholly by his services, rural sen-ices being most damaging, as these were considered base. The Norman commissioners seem to attempt to put villains, bordarii and cotters (i.e., people engaged in rural sendees), on one side, and those entirely free from these occupations on the other. The Kentish peasantry at the time of the survey was included in the rank of villainage, though later we find Kent is considered free from this taint, and the population there not only claim a superior position, but it is accorded to them — still they were villains and bordarii in the sense of being peasant-shareholders. On the whole the villains and bordarii of Domesday are taken to be those who not only live themselves by rural work, but support others (i.e., the overlords) by the same, so that the status of this class at the time of Domesday appears to depend really on whether they are merely self-supporting or have to render certain services to others. The bordarii seem to have been the holders of a smaller unit than the villains, and the term villani is used in Domesday to mark off a large group of free tenants whose holdings are of a certain size and quality, this term not corresponding to the villain class of later Feudal records. Vinogradoff states positively that the terminology of Domesday refers to the size and character of tenements, and does not refer to legal distinction between classes of persons as in preceding and subsequent times ; i.e., in Old English and Feudal classification. He also thinks that the upper stratum of tenantry did not obtain the same recognition of its better position at the hands' of the western commissioners and jurymen. Later on, when the Feudal System was at its strongest, the villani were, roughly speaking, peasants, 8o THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. and the freemen knights or rent-paying tenants. Holding in villainage was not so much a personal disqualification as posses- sion of land by base agricultural services. Gavelkind stood in closer relation to tribal division than to Feudal practices, and this, together with socage tenure, was laid great stress upon with regard to claims of superiority in Kent. Also Kent lay upon an important trade route and throve by its privileged position. It was evidently not to the interest of the Norman kings to oppose the early emancipation of Kent ; they gained too much from the commercial pursuits of their subjects to reduce them to strict rule. The farming of the king's taxes was both important and lucrative, especially in a commercial centre, and we find it on record that the ancient Portland family of Pearce (still well represented in the island in point of numbers, though much of their landed possessions have passed away), were accorded this privilege in 1341. The privileges of Ancient Demesne were exceedingly valuable and peculiar. Only those manors which had belonged to the king in pre-Conquest days, and which again became the property of the Crown after the Conquest, are Ancient Demesne. When, in addition to this, the tenants of a manor claimed to have been freeholders from time immemorial (i.e., to have obtained their position and name by tradition of free stock), such privileges were of the utmost value, difficult to guage at this distance of time and under such greatly altered circumstances. The Rev. R. W. Eyton states, in reference to Portland Isle at the Domesday Survey, that the island with its vills and demesnes paid highly, and that it was not assessed according to the hide. He therefore inferred that it must have been both prosperous and populous, either from quarrying, fishing, petty trading, or commerce. One villain is mentioned with five serfs and ninety bordarii. To sum up as briefly as possible, the Romano-British land system in some of its features bore a sufficient resemblance to the Old English for the one to be easily grafted on the other, THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 8 1 md in a place where a considerable section of the original population had remained and become slowly merged into one with the Teutonic colony, almost free from Norman admixture, such a system would be likely to remain in full force until a late date (though Vinogradoff gives us to understand it is unprofit- able work looking after survivals). The rule of succession amongst certain Celts shows us the high regard in which woman was held, the Anglo-Saxon tribes as a rule also holding woman in high esteem. The Jute-Frisian colonies, judging from Kent, appear to have been on the whole favoured during the later Danish invasions, explainable on the ground of having sprung from common stock. These colonies were most likely free settlers, and were perhaps on the same footing as the Danes with regard to wergeld. William the Conqueror might perhaps have shown certain favour to these places on the like ground of common descent, the Norman duchy having been founded by Rollo, the Scandinavian rover ; but more likely it would be the fact of such places having easy communication with the Continent and engaging in commercial undertakings profitable to the king. When the holdings were small, and yet the people were highly taxed, it seems safe to infer that they were free from base agricultural service, and that the overlord must have derived his profits from the more highly appraised trading pursuits, from all of which we venture to deduce that (a) Portland was an outlying port of consequence, its inhabitants being almost, if not quite, free from base agricultural service, its single villain and ninety bordarii being merely representative terms for owners of ground of a certain size (these owners having a right even to the herbage in some parts where the soil belonged to the Lord or Lady of the Manor) ; (V} that, as there is the strongest evidence of a Jutish or Jute-Frisian settlement, the inhabitants may have been placed on an equal footing with the Danes as regards wergeld ; and (c] that William the Norman must have shown marked favour to the island retaining it as a royal manor, perhaps from the descent of this Scandinavian colony having been the same or 82 THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. of near kin to his own ancestor, Rollo the Northman, or, what is more likely, because it was a valuable trading possession within easy access of his own Channel Islands. Be that as it may, the manorial inhabitants had been fused seemingly into what to all intents and purposes must have been considered an Anglo- Saxon colony, and Saxon it remained, keeping its old traditions, privileges, institutions, and land system with its Celtic substratum until well on in the nineteenth century, almost free from traces of Norman influence, save for certain Feudal terms and the remains of one or two important Norman buildings. Stowe comments upon the Portland women having the freedom of the isle as well as the men, thereby showing the estimation in which the sex had been held. Therefore, we think it likely that, though the island must necessarily have contained some peasantry according to the social system of the times, yet the inhabitants were placed on so favourable a footing as to justify somewhat the old traditionary belief in superior social status to those of the same classification on the mainland. Ill C/3 2i 0 Q F- co c X Q j" O iu X §>ome Jlnctenf gusfoms of f of g>fraffo*t cm6 (So. By ALFRED POPE, F.S.A., F.M.S. .ftcatf ISf/t February, 1909. EFORE referring to the customs of the Manors of Stratton and Grimston in this county, the Court Rolls of which came into my possession on the purchase of the Manors in the year 1895, it might be found interesting if a short history were given of the origin of " The Manor" and copyhold or customary tenure of land as it existed in this country in the Middle Ages ; and, in so doing, I would state that I am relying principally on the information gathered from the standard work on copyholds by the late Mr. Sergeant Scriven and on an admirable little treatise, entitled " The Manor and Manorial Records," recently published by Mr. Nathaniel Hone, who has made a study of this most interesting subject. Sir Edward Coke was of opinion that the term "Manor" was derived from the French word mcsner, signifying to govern or guide, because the Lord of the Manor had the guiding and directing of all his tenants within the limits of his jurisdiction. 84 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. Bracton and others, on the other hand, have derived the term from the French manoir, a manor, according to them, denoting the principal residence of the owner of his land. But the more generally accepted definition of the term manor seems to be that it comprehends messuages, lands, tenements, &c., and is the district or compass of ground granted anciently by the kings of this realm to their vassals, lords, or barons, with liberty to parcel out the land to sub-vassals, and with power to hold a Court or Courts possessing civil and also criminal jurisdiction ; and where the greater vassals made their sub-grants the sub-grantees became inferior lords, and the seignory of the superior lord, called the lord paramount, was termed an "honour." These mesne or middle lords, following the example of those above them, granted out lesser estates until the superior lords began to realise that they were losing their profits in respect of wardships, marriages, escheats, &c. ; and in the i8th year of King Edward the First the Statute Quia Emptores was passed, which enacted that in all sales and enfeoffments of lands the feoffee should hold the same, not of the immediate feoffer, but of the chief lord of the fee, and the multiplication of manors by act of parties was by such Statute forbidden. A manor usually consisted of and comprised the following particulars : — i. — The Manor House with the demesne lands occupied therewith. 2. — The freehold tenements holden of the manor. 3. — The copyhold tenements holden of the manor. 4. — The commons and waste lands of the manor with the soil thereof and the mines and minerals therein and thereunder. 5. — The services which were to be rendered by the tenants of the manor together, with the fines, fees, and heriots incident thereto, the Court Baron or Customary Court with the view of Frank-pledge or Court Leet, and not infrequently, an advowson appendent to the manor. We will consider each of these interests separately and in order. MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 85 The term demesne lands, properly signifies the lands of a manor which the lord either has, or potentially may have, in his own hands, and a certain restriction was formerly put on the sale of such lands away from the manor, for by the Great Charter of 9 Henry III., it was provided " That no man should either grant or sell land without reserving sufficient to answer the demands of his superior lord," but of later years this provision seems to have been ignored, for the demesne lands of a manor could by con- veyance, be treated as a distinct property, when they ceased to form part of the manor, although the rents and dues may remain, and where that has happened, the manor becomes a manor or seignory " in gross." The services to be rendered by the tenants of the manor have now mostly been commuted for a monetary payment, and the Courts Baron or Customary Courts have to a great extent fallen into disuse and have ceased to be holden, so that it seems all important that the records of proceedings or court rolls of these ancient courts should be preserved, and that the ancient customs of such manors as (by having less than three customary tenants remaining or by all the services attached thereto becoming extinct) have ceased to be manors, and have become manors by reputation only or "reputed manors," should not be lost sight of. As to the value of these documents to the workers in middle class genealogy, Mr. Hone remarks : — " Beginning long before the establishment of parish registers, they form a mine of information concerning the descent of the yeoman class which has been well called the backbone of the country ; the surrenders and admittances to the yard-lands of the manor often show descent from father to son for many generations." As we have seen, the manor was originally granted direct from the kings of this realm to their vassals, lords, or barons, with liberty for these latter to parcel out the lands to sub-vassals, and by these sub-grants to form minor manors. We thus get the superior lord, or lord paramount, and the inferior lord, or lord farmer, who as a rule resided in the manor house, farmed the 86 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. demesne lands, presided at the Court Baron, either personally or by his deputy, the steAvard of the manor. Next to him we get the freehold tenant, who held his land in fee subject to a fee farm rent and to his performing certain services for the lord, but did not hold at the will of the lord. Then we have the customary or copyhold tenant Avhose lands were holden by copy of Court Roll ; that is, the muniments of title to such lands were copies of the roll or book in which an account was kept of the proceedings of the Courts of the Manor to which the lands belonged, for " all copyhold lands are said to belong to and to be parcel of some manor," and subject also to an annual rental, and to a heriot and fine on death or renewal and " by all other burthens, customs, and services due and of right accustomed," according to the custom of the manor of which they were holden, for "custom is the life of copyholds." Now let us consider the constitution of these manorial Courts. First we have the Court Baron or Customary Court, which was holden either with or without the Court Leet or View of Frank- pledge ; over this Court the lord or his steward presided, the freeholders and the customary tenants or copyholders being the suitors or homage. At this Court the deaths of tenants were presented, estates surrendered and regranted by copy of Court Roll, and the interests generally of the lord of the manor were protected. The View of Frank-pledge or Court Leet usually followed (though it may be seen from the Court Rolls of Stratton that a special Court Baron was sometimes separately held for the purpose of surrenders and admissions). At this Court offenders were brought up, and, if adjudged guilty, were declared at the mercy of the lord, fines were assessed, presentments relating to matters within the manor were made, and the interest both of the lord and his customary or copyhold tenants were protected. This Court was composed of the several officers of the manor, viz., the constable, the tithing-man, or head borough, the hayward, the viewers of fields and the tellers of cattle, and the jury and the homage. SURVEY OF THE MANOR OF STRATTON. 1649. MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTOX. 87 Having premised thus far, I purpose to bring before you some of the ancient customs of the manors of Stratton and Grimston, two typical Dorset Manors, as disclosed by the court rolls of "The view of Frank-pledge or Court Leet, with the Court Baron of George Pitt, Esquire, and Lorah or Lora, his wife, lords farmers of the liberties and manors aforesaid, holden the loth day of October, 1728, before James Syndercombe, steward of the said manors." There is evidence that the manors of Stratton and Grimston were originally granted to the prebends of the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Mary of Sarum, and have been held by them certainly since the year 1329, for in a return of Ministers' accounts by the keeper of the possessions of Aliens, II. Edward III., now in the British Museum, an inventory is given of the possessions of Bernard de Cukiaco, " prebend of Stratton," a copy of which return and inventory is in my possession. The next evidence we have of the ownership of these manors is that of a survey and valuation made in August, 1649, by virtue of " A commission grounded upon an Act of the Commons of England assembled in Parliament for the abolishing of Deans, Deanes and Chapters, Cannons, prebends, and other Offices of and belonging to any Cathedral!, Collegiate Church or Chappell within England and Wales, and under the hands and seals of five or more of the Trustees in the said Act named and appointed," * wherein the Manor of Stratton, together with the Farm of Wrackleford, is referred to as having been demised by indenture of lease, dated the i4th day of December, 12 Elizabeth, by John Collshell, Clerke, prebendary of the prebend of Stratton in the County of Dorset unto Robert Bond, of Stalbridge in the said county of Dorset, Gentleman, to hold for the term of 90 years, under the yearly rent of ,£36, one of the conditions bein«; that he should build a sufficient and * This Act was revoked or ignored as not having had the assent of the King and the House of Lords by Charles II. 's first Parliament, 1661, when the Church was replaced iu possession of all her property. 88 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. convenient mansion house and other necessary houses upon the aforesaid farm of Wrackleford, and also find " sufficient lodging, man's-meat, horse-meat and litter for the Lessor or his successors, arid his servants and horses, once a year, if he or they do happen to come upon the said farm, provided they exceed not the number of 6 persons and remain not above 3 nights." Attached to such survey and valuation is a memorandum of the Courts and customs of the said Manor of Stratton as follows : — " There is a Court Baron belonging to the sayd Manor, kept at the Will of the Lord." " A Court Leet, also kept at the usual times." " The Tenants of the sayd Manor are to performe their Suit and service to the Lord at the Courts aforesayd." " The tennants of the sayd Manor are customary tennants and hold by Custome, and not by Coppy of Court Roll." * " The ffines of the severall Coppyholders within the sayd Manor are arbitrary as the Lord and Tennants can agree." " The Lord ffarmer of the sayd Manner or Lessee before- named and his assignes for the time being, may by Virtue of his Lease at any time during his terme graunt and fill up all Estates in the sayd Customary Lands according to the Customs of the said Manner." " The Custome of the said Manner is that the Lord Farmer or Lessee thereof for the tyme being may graunt two Lives and no more, according to the Custome of the sayd Manner, in the severall Customary Lands and Tenements of the sayd Manner, and that the Widdowes of the Customary Tennants there ought to have and enjoy theire Widdowes Estate, according to the Custom of the same Manner." It will thus be seen that the lessee or lord farmer of the manor could grant an estate to his copyhold or customary tenants greater in extent than he himself possessed, any grants made during his lordship, in accordance with the above customs, being binding on * Later these customary tenants held by copy of Court Roll, and were called copyholders. OLD OAK OVERMANTEL IN STRATTON MANOR HOUSE. MANORS OF StRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 89 his superior lord even after the expiration of his lease of the Manor. In 1570, one Angel Smith, who was buried at Stratton in 1626, and is said to have been lord farmer of the manors of Stratton and Grimston for 58 years, held the manor as lessee under the prebendary of Sarum, and subsequently it was held by George Grey, who married his daughter and co-heiress. In 1728, George Pitt, in right of his wife, Mrs. Lora Pitt, daughter and sole heiress of the said George Grey, held the manor. Mrs. Lora Pitt resided for some years in the old i6th century manor house below the Church, where is a fine old oak chimney piece and overmantel, with some Arms carved upon it, possibly those of the Grey family. From the Pitt family the leasehold interest in the manors passed by purchase and regrant in or about the year 1820 to Robert Pattison, whose only daughter and heiress married the Honble. Henry Ashley, a younger brother of the great Earl of Shaftes- bury ; at her death the manors, subject to existing grants, fell into the hands of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England as representing the superior lord the prebendary of Stratton, of whom they were purchased by the present owner. The Manor of Stratton consisted of the demesne or manor farm, with the manor house, commonable meadows along the River Frome, open common fields, described as East Field, Middle Field, and West Field, stretching up the slopes of a hill inclining towards the south, with common sheep downs beyond. These common fields were of arable land, and were divided into long strips, varying from one to two acres and sometimes less in extent, which were held in severally by different owners, the only division between them being narrow steps of grass known as walls or lanchetts. The fields were cultivated by a rotation of crops determined by the rules of the View of Frank-pledge or Court Leet, which were founded on immemorial custom. The tenants held their farms and tenements for two lives and a widowhood or widowhoods according to the above-mentioned custom. 90 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. The holdings were "livings" or "half-livings"; a whole living had about 10 acres of land in the common field, not together, but dotted about in strips of from one to two acres, in different parts of the field, proportionate shares in the common meadows, with common rights for two horses, two cows, and forty sheep. Above the arable land, between it and the common sheep downs beyond, were small enclosed pasture fields called " Doles " of from one to two acres each, similar in shape and in distribution to the strips of land in the common fields. These had been taken out of the downs, and each copyhold tenant had a " Dole " in size proportionate to his holding. The meadows were commonable after the hay had been cut, each tenant being entitled to take his foreshear or first cut of hay, which had to be removed before the loth of July in each year. Most of the strips into which the .meadows were divided were definitely attached to certain holdings, but some were inter- changeable and belonged in rotation to 2, 4, 6, or eight different tenants in successive years. The lower parts of the arable lands called the hatching ground, which were both more fertile and nearer the village than the remaining arable lands, after successive crops of wheat, barley, &c., were sown with clover or hay, which was fed off by the combined flocks of sheep belonging to the whole manor, under the charge of the common shepherd. The Manor of Grimston was divided up much in the same way and the customary tenants were governed by similar customs with those prevailing in the Manor of Stratton. At each annual Court Baron held with the Court Leet, the following officers were appointed : — i .—The constable, whose duty it was to arrest vagabonds and night-walkers, distrain on the goods of defaulters, and generally to preserve the king's peace within the manor. 2. — The tything-man or head-borough who summoned the jurors, served notices, &c. 3. — The hay ward, who was responsible for the fences and hedges, and answerable for stray cattle, &c., which it was his MANORS OF STRATTOX AND GRIMSTON. 9! duty to impound, being paid a fee of four pence per head for so doing. 4. — The viewers of fields and tellers of cattle, which appears to have been a joint appointment, their duties being to see to the proper rotation of crops, to procure the common bull, and to see that the number of commonable cattle was not exceeded by any tenant ; they also had to see that each tenant took his turn in the repair of the two common bridges, viz., Lacy's bridge and Hardy's bridge, and that the interchanges of the meadow lands were properly made. 5. — Later there were viewers of chimneys, whose duty it was periodically to inspect the chimneys of the tenants to see that they were kept swept and thus lessen the danger of fire which was so disastrous in a village where all the houses were thatched and built close together. Thus the interests of both the lord of the manor and of the village community were duly guarded. I select the following as being of interest from the numerous presentments which were from time to time made between the years 1728 and 1751, when George Pitt and Lora, his wife, were the lords farmers of the Manor of Stratton, by the jury and homage at the view of Frank-pledge with the Court Baron of the said manor : — MANOR OF STRATTON. IOTH OCTOBER, 1728. — Before JAMES SYNDERCOMBE, Steward. We present William Churchill of Colliton in or near the parish of Holy Trinity in Dorchester, in the County of Dorset, Esquire, as a freehold tenant of this Manor for his land lying in Colliton aforesaid by the yearly rent of 135 4d and suit of Court, and we further present that the said William Churchill hath been three times called in this Court to appear, do his suit and pay his rent and that he did not appear for which default we amerce him as 6d. 92 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMST6N. Same Court. — We further present John Bull of Bridport a freehold tenant of this Manor, for lands at Ozehill in the Parish of Glanville Wootton, for nonpayment of 203 rent and suit of Court, and he is amerced 35 6d. Same Court. — We present the right of the Lord of this Manor at the decease of a Tenant to a Heriot of the best Beast or best good as due to the Lord of this Manor. In the adjoining Manor of Bradford Peverell, the lord's right to a heriot seems to have been presented in much more compre- hensive terms as follows : — OCTOBER 9x11, XLIL ELIZ. — " We do present that uppon the death of ever)' tenante in possession there is due to the Lorde a herriotte or herriottes according to theire copies of theire best quick and living cattell, if they have not cattell then of theire best goodes to be taken and praised by the homage for the Lorde, soe that the goodes and cattell soe taken for the herriottes be the proper goodes of the tenante deceased." It must have been under some such custom as this the " Pitt " diamond which had been pledged to a pawnbroker in London who had a small copyhold tenement in Westmoreland liable to heriot, was said to have been seized upon his death for the benefit of the Lord of the Manor. 4-TH OCTOBER, 1733. — We present that the ground lying between Mr. Meech's ground at Bradford Gate, as now enclosed by Mr. Meech, is an encroachment on this Manor, and that Mr. Meech for such enclosure, hath usually kept a Bull for the use of the tenants of the Manor. 3OTH SEPTEMBER, 1734. — That David Cashire, a tenant of this Manor hath depastured upon the commons and wastes thereof 14 sheep more than he hath a right to common for. IQTH OCTOBER, 1738.— We present and order that the several tenants of this Manor do appear on the ist day of November next by 2 o'clock in the afternoon at the pound, to repair together to view the Bound stones, and strike Land shires on the penalty of 6s 8d to be forfeited by each person neglecting to do the same. MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 93 Same Court. — We present the right of the tenants to cut down any tree or timber to use about any repairing of Housing and doo allow to set two trees in the room of the same. 24-TH OCTOBER, 1748. — That no tenant shall keep or depas- ture on the Common or Commonable places of this Manor, more than 2 rother beasts for every whole place tenement, and more than 4 rother beasts for every whole place tenement, under a fine of 203 to the Lady of the Manor. Same Court. — That no person shall keep more than 80 sheep in a whole place tenement, and 40 sheep in a half place tenement, on a penalty of 2os to be paid by every defaulter. I4TH OCTOBER, 1729. — We present that the backwater between Frampton and Grimston is the bounds of each Manor. 27TH OCTOBER, 1749. — We present Lacy's bridge to be made fast by Charles Willis before the 5th November next on the penalty of 35 4d if he shall neglect to do the same. 2 IST OCTOBER, 1756. — We present that the several tenants of this Manor do cut their Meadow Gaass in the common Meads of this Manor, by the loth day of July next, and they continue to do so yearly for 10 years now next coming, under the penalty of 205 for every neglect. 26TH OCTOBER, 1758. — That the tenants of this Manor have a right to as much of the water of the common river leading to Stratton Mill as will run through 9 holes of an inch diameter each, bored into the hatches or floodgates now erected or to be hereafter erected at or near the head of the said Mill, called the back-hatch. MANOR OF GRIMSTON. The presentments of the Jury and Homage made at the Courts Leet and Courts Baron of this Manor were somewhat different to those made at the Stratton Manor Courts. I select a few from the Court Rolls which may be of interest. IOTH OCTOBER, 1728. — We present James Fisher, is a tenant of this Manor, and owes suit and service to this Court, and 94 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. ought to have been here to have done the same, but have made default, for which default we amerce him 2s 6d. We present that we may cut timber for sull bote and house bote, cut one and plant two. We present that quietly soe, quietly reape and mo we. We present that Margaret Slowe hath a right to drive Sheep and Cattle to and from Grimston Common to a close of Meadow called Smithhams, over the currant called Muckleford Lake, into Robert Wood's Meadow called Westhams, and from thence into John Sabins Meadow called also Westhams, and so into the said Smithams and from thence back again, and that the said John Sabbin and Robert Wood and others the inhabitants of Muckleford, have deprived the said Margarett Slowe of the way by enlarging the said Currant about two foot wider than it antiently was which was done by cutting Grimston Common. IQTH OCTOBER, 1753. — We present that the tenants of this Manor shall go out on the 6th day of March next, and shall dig and drain the Meadows, for carrying off the water under a penalty of 6s 8d for every one neglecting. 3RD OCTOBER, 1761. — We present that no ducks or geese shall be kept in the Commons or Commonable places of this Manor under the penalty of as 6d for each offence. I2TH OCTOBER, 1781. — We present that no pigs run about the streets or other Commonable places of the said Liberty and Manor under the penalty of 55. 9TH OCTOBER, 1789. — It is agreed that the several tenants of this Manor do meet in the West Field within this Manor on the 1 4th inst., between 9 and 10 o'clock in the morning, to bound out the several Lands. And after the same shall be so bounded out it is ordered that each Tenant leave a Lanchett of a furrow between his and the adjoining land, under a penalty of 2os for making default. The following surnames taken from the earlier Court Rolls of these Manors may be of interest : — MANORS OF STRATTOX AND GRIMSTOX. 95 Fever or Feaver, Furber, Willis, Groze, Davenish or Devenishe, Harbin, Billett, Browne, Bagwell, Cosens or Cozens, Green, Cashire, Churchill, Stroude, Fisher, Hayne, Hardye, Davis, Bridle, Brett, Chapman, Woolfreys, Tapp, Curme, Gould, Frampton, Sabine, Pyle or Pye, and Ingram. The following names of fields mentioned in the various grants may also be interesting : — Hoggards, Thornhams, Bridghams, and Millhams, Abbot's Ham, Upper Slight and Lower Slight, Oat Close, Stony Close, Oxleaze, Lawyer's Ground, Smith's Close, Lord's Mead, Plex Plot, Wolfehays, East Field, Middle Field and West Field, Brewers' Ash, Rick Field, Bush Bottom, Hoghill, The Park, the Quilletts, and Well-Henge Green. The foregoing is a short description of copyhold tenure as it existed in this country in the middle ages, with the customs prevailing in the customary courts of the Manors of Stratton and Grimston of a later date, and these I think may be taken as a fair example of the customs obtaining generally in copyhold manors in this county. It will be seen that the rise of the copyholder from a state of uncertainty of tenure to comparative certainty has been very gradual. In the reign of Edward I. he was a mere "vellein" attached to the soil and passing with it on sale or alienation holding his land at the will of the lord by villein service — " to improve for the advantage of the lord." In the reign of Edward III. his position had become more secure, as the Lord could not at that time eject his tenant without just cause, as " that he did not do his services " ; and later on, a certainty of tenure was given to the copyholder by the judges allowing him an action of trespass on ejectment by his lord without just cause. Sir Edward Coke (afterwards Lord Coke), writing in the early part of the xyth century, says : — " The copy holder now stands upon a sure ground ; now he weighs not his lord's displeasure, he shakes not at ever}' sudden blast of wind ; he eats, drinks, and sleeps securely, only having 96 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. a special care of the main chance, viz., to perform carefully what duties and services soever his tenure doth exact and custom doth require, then let lord frown, the copyholder cares not, knowing himself safe." The copyholder, therefore, has now as good a title as the freeholder, in some respects better, for all transactions relating to the conveyance of copyhold lands and tenements are entered in the Court Rolls of the Manor to which they belong, and thus a record is preserved of the titles of all the tenants. :::;:c::;:v ! -' fie jircfeulwetti /'/ the jury and Jlcma^ ~~\~ ' • . -f .' 1 ii^H,! j>p,i Uitf* (ii.vWialff'i'i u> *iiu C-Jt «•"*"*•- .-if.'i-'W. ;>- >r icdnti V»>jiivi('< i-.-^ ai.ttiic^li.i.v Uic-^f^itVtUi.^ v Ju. p*»uj vtll .-".77/v pje^piif H.av H>^ SwfxaU'-^Vty«^< wl-'cHp.^t^v.ftf'ax." iii vx i-ri^ecnit- V,.-;S""^- ct»\i< «>.>^ A»»if- -<\t,iS ^ '"•;>-• i rt»KN- >Hcux A VIEW OF FRANK-PLEDGE. Ifl""-, au> ffcdu Cefev* (' li 4 jjutlc ti> -' *^Ut3l*tt_4&&i {f, £< '/ktf,™ H *j£^ ifutc* a/* /; y/ ~* PRESENTMENTS OF COURT BARON. THE MANOR OF STRATTOX. 1838. EXPLANATION OF PLATE A. Fig. 1. Trieeris stenaapis, Sim. 2. Eyes from above and behind. 3. Underside of fore-part of abdomen. ,, 4. Hilaira pervicax, J. E. Hull. Genital aperture. „ 5. Erigone spinosa, Cambr. Full figure, upper side. 6. Profile of cephalo- thorax and falces, 7. One of the palpi ; e, characteristic spine beneath the cubital joint. 8. Palpus of Erigone atra, Bl. ; d, characteristic spine beneath cubital joint, showing difference from Fig. 7 e. 9. Profile of female falx. 10. Genital aperture, female. ,. 11. Cornicularia valida, Jackson. Eyes from above and behind. 12. Profile of cephalothorax. 13. Genital aperture. 14. Underside of hinder -part of abdomen. ,, 15. Epeira dromedaria, Walck. Female. 16. Genital process. 17. Ditto in profile. ,, 18. Epeira agalena, Bl. Male, palpus shewing structure of palpal organs ; a, b, the two characteristic processes. 19. These two processes from another point of view. 20 and 21. The same from other points. 22. Genital process (female). „ 23. Epeira trigtittata, Jaekson-Kulcz-B6s. Part of male palpus, showing palpal organs ; a, b, c, the three characteristic processes. 24. Genital process, female. 25. Variety of male. 26. Part of male palpus, showing the three characteristic processes of the palpal organs from another point of view. , , 27. Tarentula miniata, C. L. Koch. Right palpus of male from outer side. 28. Genital aperture, female. ,, 29. Tarentula meridiana, Hahn. Eight palpus of male from outer side. 30. Genital aperture, female. N.B.— The short lines indicate the natural length of the spiders. PLATE A. Proc.Dorset,N.H.&AF. Club, Vol.XXK. 6. 27. g)n NOTED AND OBSERVED IN 1908. By Rev. 0. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, M.A., F.R.S., &c. PLATE A. of our HAVE no records just now for 1908 on any group of Arachnids, excepting that of the true spiders (Order Araneidea) ; but, having had the continued kind assistance of correspondents, I am able to note several additions of indigenous species to our British list and to record the discovery of another interesting exotic spider inhabiting hot- houses in Ireland, and allied to those of the Sub-family Onopincc, recorded in 1908, Vol. XXIX. Proceedings." Of the species now added to our list of British spiders the two most showy and striking in appearance are Epeira dromedaria, Walckenaer, and Tarantula meridiana, Hahn. The former was found by Dr. A. R. Jackson, of Chester, at Burnham Beeches, and is of so very distinct and showy an appearance that one wonders how it has happened never to have turned up before. 9 8 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. It gives some reason, I think, to conclude that there may be yet many such additions still to be made by careful collecting, and more eyes and fingers engaged in the pursuit. The spider under consideration is a widely distributed and abundant form in France ; I have received both sexes of it from Guernsey, and the female from Lisbon. The other species mentioned (Tarentula meridiana, Hahn) is a good sized representation of the well- known group of "Wolf- Spiders," of which we see so many running about upon footpaths, and in woods, pastures, and wastes in hot sunshine during spring and summer. It is, when its real colours and markings are seen through spirit of wine (or other fluid), a variegated and often rather gaily marked spider ; but when running about it would be almost white from its covering of short hoary-white hairs, hence one of its synonyms Tarentula nivalis. This spider was found quite recently near Bexhill in Sussex, in a woody waste, by Mr. Frank P. Smith, of Islington. Another addition to our British list arises from the discovery, by Dr. Jackson, that we have two nearly allied species mixed up under one name in our collections — Epeira triguttata Fabr.- Cambr. {Epeira agalena, Blackwall). I have come to the conclusion that the additional species must for the present be called Epeira triguttata— Jackson-Kulcz-Bosenberg ; but the difficulty in coming to any certain conclusion, owing to the vague, imperfect, and confused records and descriptions of many authors extending back from the present time to the days of Fabricius — the latter part of the eighteenth century — may be guessed from the few words of detail appended (postea) to the record of the spider in the subjoined list, and the note on Epeira agalena, Blackw. This part of the subject, however, will probably be of interest to the specialist alone. I will only now add to these few general observations that the occurrence mentioned of another exotic spider (Tritcris stenaspis, Sim.) domiciled in a Dublin hothouse so far bears out the expecta- tion held out in my communication in Vol. XXIX., p. 163, as to the continued coming to us of such immigrants in foreign consignments of plants and fruit, &c. Indeed, within these few ON BRITISH ARACHXIDA. 99 days past I have received, from a Yorkshire correspondent, Dr. G. H. Oliver, of Bradford, an adult female of a fine species of spider — Zoropsis maculosa, Cambr., imported among bananas from the Canary Islands. Of this species I had received, from another correspondent about three years ago, several young examples from the same locality, and also in a package of bananas. Further information about the Spiders noted in the following List may be found in "Spiders of Dorset" — 1879-81 — and in papers published almost annually since then in the " Proceed- ings " of our Field Club ; also in " List of Brit, and Irish Spiders, 1900." I would mention also that an illustrated paper on some British Spiders (by Dr. A. R. Jackson) has been recently published (1908) ; and another (by Mr. Frank P. Smith) in the journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, November, 1908, Vol. 10, pp. 311-33 4, PI. 25. Dr. Jackson has also more recently still published a paper on spiders found in 1908, in " Trans. Nat. His. Soc. Northumberland, Durham, and New- castle-upon-Tyne," N.S., Vol. III., Part 2. My best thanks are due to the many friends who have assisted me in the past year, and at other times, especially to the following :— Dr. A. Randell Jackson, of Chester ; Mr. W. Falconer, of Linthwaite, near Huddersfield ; Mr. Denis R. Pack-Beresford, Fenagh House, Bagenalstown, Ireland ; Mr. Horace Donisthorpe, 58, Kensington Mansions, London ; the Rev. J. E. Hull, Nine- banks Vicarage, Northumberland ; Mr. Frank P. Smith, 15, Cloudesley Place, Islington; Mr. Ruskin Butter field, Hastings, Sussex ; Mr. T. Stainforth, the Municipal Museum, Hull ; Mr. G. A. Dunlop, Stockton Heath, Cheshire ; Mr. A. G. Burton, Goole ; Mr. W. P. Winter, Shipley, Yorkshire ; Dr. G. H. Oliver, Bradford, Yorkshire ; Mr. Edward Saunders, F.R.S., Woking; Mr. H. C. Drake, Hull; Mr. George B. Welsh, Middlesbrough, Yorkshire ; and Dr. Grierson, M.D., Dudley Street, Grimsby. 100 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. LIST OF NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARANEIDEA. Family DYSDERIOE. Sub.-fam. OONOPIIME. Gen. TRLERIS, Sim. Tpiaepis stenaspis, Sim., Pi. A (Figs, i, 2, 3). Triceris stenaspis, Sim., Hist. Naturelle des Araigne"es, Vol. I., p. 561, 1892. „ Id. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 561. „ Jackson, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle - upon - Tyne. New Ser., Vol. III., Part 2, p. 4. PI. x., Figs. 12, i2a, 12$, Examples of this species were found in hothouses in Dublin during the past year (1908) by Mr. Bagnall and Mr. Denis R. P. Beresford. Up to that time it had not been noted in the British Islands. It was most probably introduced among plants or baggage of some kind, and would thus be a further instance of species of this group almost certainly brought in this manner into Europe from exotic regions. (See " List of British Arachnida," Proc. Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club, Vol. XXIX., p. 165.) This spider has been recorded from the Island of St. Vincent, also from Venezuela and the Antilles. It may easily be distinguished from other species of this group not only by che position and number of the eyes (Diblemma Donisthorpii, Cambr.), but by differences in the dorsal and ventral scutae (Jschnoihyreus velox, Jackson). ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 10 1 Fam. DRASSID^. Drassus minuseulus, L. Koch. A male of this very local species was kindly sent to me from the Camber Rye Sandhills by Mr. Edward Saunders, F.R.S., in October, 1908. Prosthesima eleeta, C. L. Koch. An adult female, found on Saltend Common, near Hull, was sent to me in May, 1908, by Mr. T. Stainforth. It is a very local and rare species. Prosthesima longipes, C. L. Koch. „ ,, A. R. Jackson, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Northumberland, Durham, and New- castle-upon-Tyne. New Ser., Vol. III., Part 2, p. 1 6. An adult female, found by Dr. A. R. Jackson at Studland in June, 1908. Prosthesima latitans, L. Koch. „ „ A. R. Jackson, I.e. supra, p. 4, PI. x., Figs. 1 1, i ia. Both sexes of this rare species, the males only adult, were found by Dr. A. R. Jackson at West Wickham, near Bromley, Kent. Prosthesima nigrita, Fabr. An adult female, found by Dr. A. R. Jackson at Richmond in June, 1908. Though widely distributed, this seems to be a rare spider. Clubiona neg-leeta, Cambr. A widely distributed but rare spider; an adult male received from Hornsea from Mr. T. Stainforth in June, 1908. IO2 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. Fam. DICTYNID,E. Dietyna variabilis, C. L. Koch. An adult female sent to me from the Isle of Wight in July, 1908, by Mr. Edward Saunders, F.R.S. ; a very distinct little spider, and, especially the female, quite unmistakable. The abdomen yellowish white with a large central pink spot on the upper side. It would probably be found much more frequently along our South and South- western Sea Coast, if worked for. Protadia subnigra, Cambr. An adult female from Spurnpoint, on the Eastern Coast, sent to me by Mr. T. Stainforth. Fam. AGELENID^E. Coelotes atropos, Walck. An adult female, Isle of Man, W. Falconer, September, 1908. Coelotes teprestris, Wider. An adult female taken near Scarborough, from Mr. T. Stainforth, in 1908. Fam. THERIDIID^E. Theridiosoma argenteolum, Cambr. This curious little spider has been met with during the past year (June, 1908), by Dr. A. R. Jackson, in the New Forest (in the same spot where I found it rather abundantly some years ago), along with its snare ; this is of an imperfect orbicular form, shewing its near relationship to the Epeiridse. Robertus negleetus, Cambr. An adult male received from Mr. T. Stainforth, found in Yorkshire, in May, 1908. ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 103 Hilaira exeisa, Cambr. Adults of both sexes received from Ireland; found by Mr. D. R. Pack-Beresford, in 1908. Hilaira pervieax, J. E. Hull (Fig. 4). The females, supposed to be those of Hilaira pervieax, J. E. Hull (Proc. Dors. F. Club, XXIX., p. 173), turn out on further research to be those of H. exeisa, Cambr. Rev. J. E. Hull has lately sent me others which appear to be, without doubt, those of H. pervieax, and may readily be distinguished from H. exeisa, by structural peculiarities. Gen. TMETICUS, Menge. This genus has long been a kind of refuge for many spiders, offering obscure and doubtful characters in respect to their generic allocation. It has been trenched in upon by various authors, but so far without much certain advance towards a readily tangible sub-division into true genera : pro- bably nothing will effect this until much more material is in hand, embracing both sexes, and a good series of individuals from the same locality, and also trom many other localities than those whence examples of the groups have already come. At any rate this much may be, I think, considered certain, that there is only one spider as yet known that can be considered a true type of the genus, and that is the one noted below as Tmeticus affinis, Blackw. Of those of the general group, Tmeticus, Auctt., I have at times gathered some together under some of the genera proposed for them by Kulczynski, Dahl, and other authors, but, excepting most of those retained or placed in Dahl's Genus, Centromerus, my allocations have, I confess, been made more from a certain practical convenience in breaking up a heterogeneous group, than from feeling any certainty as to their real scientific propriety. 104 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. Tmeticus affinis, Blackw. Neriene affinis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Ireland, p. 259, PI. xviii., Fig. 175 (1864). Tmeticus leptocaulis, Menge, Preuss. Spinnen, p. 185, PI. 35, Tab. 85, 1866. Examples of this species were received from Hornsea, sent to me by Mr. T. Stainforth in June, 1908. It is widely distributed, but has as yet turned up very sparingly where found. Gen. MENGEA, F. O. P.-Cambridge (for Pedina, Menge, pre-occupied) = Tmeticus, Cambr., ad partem. Mengea Warburtonii, Cambr. This species has been recently met with in East Yorkshire by Mr. W. Falconer. Gen. OREONETA, Kulcz = Tmeticus, Cambr., ad partem. Oreoneta fortunatus, Cambr. A rare and very distinct species (see lists in several past vols. of Proc. Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club), confined, as at present known, to S. Dorset. It will hardly retain its position in the genus Oreoneta when its characters have been more closely studied. An adult male and female were found at Bloxworth on iron railings in October, 1908, and adult females running on the ground on June loth, and 22nd on walls at Bloxworth Rectory. Gen. CENTROMERUS, Dahl. = Tmeticus, Cambr., ad partem. Centromerus rivalis, Cambr. Adults of both sexes were received from the Rev. J. E. Hull, Northumberland, in May, 1908. ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 105 Centromerus areanus, Cambr. Adults of both sexes received in May, 1908, from Mr. W. Falconer from near Huddersfield. Centromerus prudens, Cambr. Received from Snowdon and from Snaefell (Cumberland) in 1908 from Dr. A. R. Jackson. Mieroneta saxatilis, Blackw. Microneta passiva, Cambr., female (non male), Proc. Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club, XXVII., pp. 77, 89. The female, described I.e. supra and supposed to be that of M. passiva, Cambr., turns out to be that of M. saxatilis, Blackw. Microneta viaria, Bl. Microneta Nicholsonii, Cambr., Bull. Roy. Bot. Gardens, Kew. Additional Series V., 1906, p. 58. Comparison with a long series of females of Micronela viaria, Bl., has convinced me that M. Nicholsonii, Cambr. (from Kew Gardens), is an unusually developed female of the former species, which is an abundant and generally distributed form. Gongylidiellum vivum, Cambr. An adult female received in July, 1908, from Mr. D. R. P. Beresford, by whom it was found in Ireland. Gongylidiellum mureidum, Sim. Dr. A. R. Jackson met with adult males in my original locality in the New Forest, in June, 1908. One British record only existed, previously to my meeting with both sexes in the Forest in June, 1895, of an adult male, Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire, some years previously. The occurrence of the female also, in the Forest in June, 1895, was accident- ally omitted in my note in Proc. Dors. N.H. and F. Club, 1895, p. 125. Probably a little assiduous collecting would Io6 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. turn it up in fair abundance in the swampy situations mentioned, and, perhaps, in others of a similar kind. Epigone spinosa, Cambr., PL A. (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 9, 10). Erigone spinosa, Cambr., " Naturalist," October, 1908, p. 378, Figs. A., B., C., D. This very characteristic species has again been met with in the neighbourhood of Hull since my notice of it (Proc. Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club XXIX., p. 175). I now add figures of both sexes. The female, not before described, is less brightly coloured than the male ; there is a row of small spiniform tubercles along the outer side of the falces, but these are inconspicuous compared with their great develop- ment in the male. The genital aperture is of a very distinct form from all the rest of the British species, though of somewhat obscure structure. Epigone aretica, White-Cambr. Adults of both sexes occurred near Sunderland, where they were found and sent to me by the Rev. J. E. Hull ; I have also received it from Ireland, from Mr. D. R. P. Beresford. Styloetetop inuneans, Sim. An adult male of this rare species was found by Mr. Edward Saunders, on the Rye Sandhills, and kindly sent to me by him in October, 1908. Lophoeapenum stpamineum, Menge. An adult male received from Ireland from Mr. D. R. P. Beresford (see Dors. F. Club Proc. XVIII. , p. 131). Cnephaloeotes incupvatus, Cambr. Tapinocyla incurvata, Cambr., Brit, and Irish Spid., p. 48, 1900. An adult male was sent to me from near Sunderland, in the autumn of 1908, by the Rev. J. E. Hull. Although this is a strikingly distinct species, the difficulty of allotting it to ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 107 its right position, genetically speaking, is very considerable. The above is only the second record of this rare spider. Cornieularia valida, A. R. Jackson (Figs, u, 12, 13, 14). Cornicularia valida, A. R. Jackson, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle- upon-Tyne, New Ser., Vol. III., Part 2., p. 7, PI. x., Fig. 10. A species new to science, allied to Cornicularia umcorms, Cambr., but much longer, and its caput more strongly granulose on the thorax and sternum. The cephalothorax is black-brown, caput smooth, and the sides of the thorax coarsely granulose and rugulose. The abdomen is jet black, the legs bright rich orange-red, and with the palpi are furnished with hairs only. The eyes of the hind- central pair are closer together than each is to the hind- lateral on its side. Underneath the abdomen at some little distance from the spinners is a transverse slightly curved slit, probably leading to spiracular organs. The genital aperture, though bearing some resemblance to that of C. tinicorm's, is distinctly narrower at its posterior extremity than in that species. The example above described was kindly sent to me by Dr. A. R. Jackson, by whom it was found near Chester in 1908. Panamomops bicuspis, Cambr. An adult male taken at Scarborough by Mr. Henry C. Drake, of Hull, was sent to me in May, 1908, by Mr. T. Stainforth. Fam. EPEIRID.ffi. Eugnatha striata, L. Koch. An immature male received from Mr. D. R. P. Beresford, found in Ireland (at Ballysadare, County Sligo), some years ago. The only previous records of this species are Ware- ham, Dorset, 1894, and Sutton Broad, Norfolk, 1906. Io8 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. r Sing-a sang-uinea, C. L. Koch. Adult females were found by Dr. A. R. Jackson in the New Forest in June, 1908. Epeira ang-ulata, Clk, An adult male of this fine species was found and kindly sent to me by Mr. Eustace Bankes from near Corfe Castle, Dorset, in July, 1907. It is found also, though rarely, in old fir plantations between Bloxworth and Wareham, but is fairly numerous in the New Forest, between Brockenhurst and Lyndhurst, on low trees and stunted bushes. Epeira agalena, Bl. (Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22). Epeira agalena, Bl., Spid. G.B. and Ir., p. 334, PI. XXIV., Figs. 242, a, b, c, d, e, f. „ tnguttata, Fabr.-Cambr., List of Spiders of G.B. and Ir., p. 57. Araneus Slurmii, Jackson-Kulcz.-Bosenberg. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon- Tyne. New Ser., Vol. III., Part 2, p. ii, PL x, Fig. 7-7d. Dr. A. R. Jackson has discovered that we have two species mixed up in our collections under the name of Epeira agalena, Bl. (E. triguttata, Fabr.-Cambr.). In accordance with the opinion of M. Simon, obtained many years ago, I concluded (in my " List of Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, 1900 ") Mr. Blackwall's species to be the Epeira triguttata of Fabricius, but this has now, in the presence of two species (which we certainly appear to possess), to be reconsidered. There is no doubt whatever but that Mr. Blackwall was acquainted with only one form. I have the type specimens from which his figures and des- criptions were drawn and described. In the form which Mr. Blackwall describes he says of the male that " the " palpal organs have a bilobed process on the under side ; " one of these lobes is directed outwards, and is terminated ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 109 " by three pointed spines of unequal length ; the other lobe " is contiguous to the inferior margin of the joint, and is " terminated by a prominent slightly-curved pointed spine." With this the figure in his plate of those organs exactly agrees. In the other form, which we now conclude to be a distinct species, the " bilobed process " described by Mr. Blackwall is present, and near to it is another con- spicuous and prominent, but less in size and terminating in a curved pointed spine. The two forms are strikingly similar in general colour and pattern, though both exhibit variations, and hitherto I have myself found all attempts to differentiate them satisfactorily by mere colours and markings out of the question. So far as respects the males. With regard to the females, we also find mixed up with this sex in our collections two fairly differentiated forms. Mr. Blackwall gives no figure of the critical point of structure in that sex, but describes it in terms which apply well to his type, which type agrees also with the female of E. Sturmii, Jackson-Kul.-B6s. It would be not only satisfactory, but most interesting, to find out which of the two forms I have mentioned was probably that described as E. triguttata by Fabricius, but this is, I think, out of the question, owing to the brevity and vagueness of his description and to the non-existence of any type of his species ; and, although M. Simon describes two forms in his "Araneides de France," one of which he considers to be that of Fabricius, he gives no certain differentiation of the palpal organs of the respective males. One of his forms he calls E. triguttata, Fabr., the other E. Sttirmii, Hahn. Of all the other Con- tinental authors I have been able to consult none give us any real assistance, excepting two quite recent arachnolo- gists, Prof. Lladislas Kulczynski and Herr Bosenberg. These authors figure the palpal organs of their two forms of the male and of the genital aperture and its process (epigyne) of the respective females, but on what grounds they have thus allocated the sexes of the two forms we are 110 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. not told, though doubtless they are right ; and it may be remarked that the figures given (Araneides de France, PI. II., Vol. I., Figs. 1,2) by M. Simon correspond respec- tively with those of the epigyne in each as figured by Kulczynski and Bosenberg. The second form figured and recorded by Kulczynski and Bosenberg is called by them Epeira triguttata, Fabr., and appears to agree with the other form which we now conclude to be hitherto unrecorded in Britain as a separate species. Whether it is the true E. triguttata, Fabr., or not it seems impossible, as I have above observed, as yet to decide with certainty ; or whether the other species those authors figure is Epeira Slurtnii, Hahn., or not is equally, or even, it seems to me, more doubtful. All that is certain is that one of our British forms is Epeira agalena, Bl. Perhaps the best course to adopt at present is to record the one we have found to be mixed up in England with E. agalena as Epeira trigutlala, Jackson- Kulcz. -Bosenberg. All of the authors I have consulted, excepting the two specially mentioned above and M. Simon, include Epeira Sturmii, Hahn., as a synonym of E. triguttata, Fabr., or of E. agalena, Bl., or of both. Epeira triguttata, Jackson-Kulcz-Bosenberg (Figs. 23, 24, 25, 26). Araneus Iriguttatus, Jackson-Kul-Bos., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon- Tyne. New Sen, Vol. III., Part 2, PI. x., Figs. 6, 6a, b, c, d. To what has been said in respect to the preceding species, E. agelena, BL, it need only be added here that the two fofms appear to be about equally abundant in Dorset and widely distributed, though, perhaps, rather local. Among examples of the newly-recorded form I have some males marked on the upper side at the fore extremity with three large well defined white spots in the form of a ON BRITISH ARACHXIDA. Ill triangle. This variety, I have before noted (Proc. Dors. X.H. and A.F. Club, 1905, Vol. XXVI., p. 54), as most probably identical with Epeira signata, Bl. Epeira dromedapia, Walck (Figs. 15, 16, 17). Epfira dromedaria, Walck., Simon, Les Arachn. de France I., p. 62, 1871. Araneus dromedarius, Walck., A. R. Jackson, I.e. supra, p. 9, PI. x., Fi^s. 8, 8a. Adult females of this fine species were found at Burnham Beeches, in June, 1908, by Dr. A. R. Jackson, and had been up to that time unrecorded as British. I have received both sexes from Guernsey from Mr. E. W. Marquand, and the female from Lisbon ; it is also said to be abundant and widely distributed in France. It may, perhaps, be a local spider in Great Britain, but possibly a little careful work in the locality mentioned would turn it up in fair numbers. It can hardly be mistaken for any other known British species, both its form and markings being so very distinct and characteristic. Fam. Xysticus luetuosus, Black\v. Adult females were received in July, 1908, from Dr. Grierson, by whom they were found near Grimsby, Lincoln- shire. Philodpomus emarginatus. Schrank. Philodromus limatipes, Cambr., Spid. Dors., pp. 334 and 538 ; Proc. Dors. F. Club, XIV., p. 1 6 1. It has been long known to me that these two species were identical, but the record of this identity has been until now inadvertently omitted in past records of British spiders. It is a very distinct and widely distributed spider, having been found both in Scotland and in Hampshire and Dorset on the lower branches of Scotch firs. 112 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. Fam. LYCOSID^S. Dolomedes fimbriatus, Walck. Adults of both sexes of this large and showy spider were found abundantly in a ditch on the borders ol a swamp at Hyde, near Bloxworth, in June, 1908, by Dr. A. R. Jackson. Tarentula miniata, C. L. Koch (Figs. 27, 28). An adult male received from Mr. G. A. Dunlop, by whom it was found at Highton, Lancashire ; also adult females in October, 1908, from Mr. Edward Saunders, from the Camber Rye Sandhills, Sussex. Tarentula meridiana, Hahn (Thorell Syn., Europ. Spid., p. 274). (Figs. 29, 30.) Tarentula nemoralis, Westr., Araneae Suecica, p. 472. „ „ F. P. Smith, Journ., Quekett Microscopical Club, 1907, p. 185, and 1908, p. 320. ,, nivalis, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn., xiv., p. 119, pi. xiv.,, fig. 1409-1410. Both sexes of this interesting addition to our List of British Spiders were received in 1908 from Mr. F. P. Smith, who found them in a wood and on wastes near Bexhill, Sussex. The species is very closely allied to T, miniata, C. L. Koch, but it is usually less distinct and bright in its markings, and appears to frequent a different habitat, the latter being, so far as my experience goes, found on dry, bare, and sandy spots, while T. meridiana appears to inhabit more commonly woodland and \vaste regions. Dr. Thorell gives it as identical with Tarentula niralis, C. L. Koch, a species I met with frequently in Alpine regions on the Continent, on wooded slopes and banks and wastes by streams and rivers. The examples received from Sussex agree structurally, as well as in other respects, with the ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 113 examples I met with in those localities, and also with German types of T. ntvah's, C. L. Koch, received many years ago from Dr. Ludwig Koch. Lycosa Purbeckensis, F. O. P.-Cambr. An adult male was received from near Hull, from Mr. T. Stainforth in May, 1908. Fam. SALTICID^. Hyetia Nivoyi, Lucas. Adults of both sexes were received from Saltend Common, near Hull, from Mr. T. Stainforth, in May, 1908, and from the Camber Rye Sandhills, where they were found by Mr. Edward Saunders. Mr. W. Falconer tells me he has also met with it in East Yorkshire in 1908. Saltieus fopmicarius, Walck. Immature examples were sent to me from Sandown, in the Isle of Wight, by Mr. H. Donisthorpe in September, 1908, and Mr. F. P. Smith records it also from the Isle of Wight (Journ. of the Quekett Microscopical Club, 1907, p. 181, and 1908, p, 319). LIST OF ARACHNIDA (In the foregoing pages with references to page and Plate A], 'riaeris stenaspis, Simon p. 100. PL A. Figs, i, 2, 3. Drassus minusculus, L. Koch p. 101. ^rosthesima electa, C. L. Koch p. 101. ,, longipes, C. L. Koch p. 101. „ latitans, L. Koch p. 101. ,, nigrita, Fab. p. 101. lubiona neglecta, Cambr. p. 101. 114 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. Dictyna variabilis, C. L. Koch p. 102. Protadia subnigra, Cambr. p. 102. Coelotes atropos, Walck. p. 102. „ terrrestris, Wider. p. 102. Theridiosoma argenteolum, Cambr. p. 102. Robertus neglectus. Cambr. p. 102. Hilaira excisa, Cambr. p. 103. „ pervicax, J. E. Hull p. 103. PI. A. Fig. 4. Tmeticus affinis, Blackw. p. 104. Mengea Warburtonii, Cambr. p. 1 04. Oreoneta fortunatus, Cambr. p. 104. Centromerus rivalis, Cambr. p. 104. ,, arcanus, Cambr. p. 105. „ prudens, Cambr. p. 105. Microneta saxatilis, Blackw. p. 105. „ passiva, Cambr. p. 105. ,, viaria, Blackw. p. 105. ,, Nicholsonii, Cambr. p. 105. Gongylidiellum vivum, Cambr. p. 105. „ murcidum, Simon p. 105. Erigone spinosa, Cambr. p. 106. ,, arctica, White-Cambr. p. 106. Styloctetor inuncans, Simon p. 106. Lophocarenum stramineum, Menge p. 106. Cnephalocotes incurvatus, Cambr. p. 106. Cornicularia valida, A. R. Jackson, sp. n. p. 107. PI. A. Figs. 11-14. Panamomops bicuspis, Cambr. p. icy. Eugnatha striata, L. Koch p. 107. Singa sanguinea, C. L. Koch p. 108. Epeira angulata, Clerck. p. 108. „ agalena, Blackw. p. 108. PI. A. Figs. 18-22. „ triguttata, Jackson-Kulcz- Bosenberg p. no. PI. A. Figs. 23-26. „ dromedaria, Walck. p. in. PI. A. Figs. 15-17. Xysticus luctuosus, Blackw. p. in. ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 115 Philodromus lineatipes, Cambr. p. in. ,, emarginatus, Schrank. p. in. Dolomedes fimbriatus, Walck. p. 112. Tarentula miniata, C. L. Koch. p. 112. PI. A. Figs. 27-28. „ meridiana, Hahn. p. 112. PI. A. Figs. 29-30. Lycosa Purbeckensis, F. O. P.- Cambr. p. 113. Hyctia Nivoyi, Luc. p. 113. Salticus formicarius, Walck. p. 113. on tlpe porsef By the Rev. E. F. LINTON, M.A. (Read Feb. ISth, 1909. ) II. HIS paper forms a continuation of that in the preceding Volume (Vol. XXIX., p. 14), and deals with the Monocotyledones and the Vascular Cryptogams. For the sake of uniformity the nomenclature is still taken from the ninth edition of the London Ca/atogue, though a tenth edition has since appeared, with (unfortunately for students in botany who long for finality) many more changes in familiar names. The districts of the county are lettered as before, in conformity with the Dorse/ Flora, and the collector's name is added after the locality, where it is other than that of the present writer. Neottia Nidus-avis, Rich. F. Woodland, Bonslea Chase, Okeford Hill. Kingston Lacy Park, in the belt of woodland skirting the northern side ; frequent in the belt of woodland to the east and N.E. of St. Giles' Park ; " Hyles' " on the southern borders of Edmondsham. — Lis/era ovata, R. Br. D. Lytchett Matravers ; near Sherford Bridge, F. Shapwick ; abundant and NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. liy very fine in the belt round Kingston Lacy Park ; Westley Wood ; High Wood ; by Crichel Pond. G. Langton Wood, Rev. W. M. Rogers. Creech Grange ; Kingston-; Rempstone ; Woolgarston. — Spiranthes atitumnalis, Rich. F. Talbot Churchyard ; field near the gamekeeper's cottage, Edmondsham, and in a field between Edmondsham and Venvood ; also near Mount Pleasant, Woodlands. G. Near Corfe Castle, both west and east. — Cephalanthera ensifolia, Rich. F. I have looked for this in flower in vain in the Creech Hill plantation, but have seen two or three plants in leaf at one spot, which I take to be this species ; the wood abounds in C. pa/lens, Rich. (White Helle- borine), which grows here to a great size ; the latter also occurs in small quantity at the base of Hod Hill. — Epipactis latifoh'a, All. F. At the same spot below Hod Hill ; plantation on the borders of Edmondsham, and also by a shady roadside near Westworth Farm. — E. palusiris, Crantz. F. In a wet meadow by the Cran near Edmondsham. This is some miles north of the only other record for this district, an old and very vague one by Pulteney. It is stated by Wise (quoted in the Flora of Hants] to be plentiful near Fordingbridge, but I have not succeeded in finding the locality, which might quite possibly be in Dorset. — Orchis pyramidalis, L. F. Near Castle Hill, and plentiful along the margins of the lane from Edmondsham to St. Giles and of the Wimborne to Cranborne road near where it crosses the lane ; by a chalk-pit between Shapwick and Kingston Lacy. G. Dancing Ledge. — 0. ustulala, L. Blagdon Down, near Cranborne. — O. Morio, L. D. Wareham. F. Plentiful in several fields about Edmondsham, and remarkable for the great variety of colour from deep purple to pure white, and of the markings on the lower lip, in a field of rather light soil near Westworth Farm. G. Stoborough. — 0. incarnaia, L. F. Near Wareham and E. of Wareham Station. F. Half-a-mile S. of Broadstone ; Witchampton ; Edmondsham; by the R. Cran, S.E. of Cran- borne. G. Bushey ; Godlingston Heath. — O. lat/folia, L. D. Wareham ; East Morden, Sherford Brook. E. Shillingston. F. Heath near Wallis Down ; Broadstone ; Cow Grove, Wimborne ; Il8 NOTES ON TriE DORSET FLORA. High Hall ; Shapwick ; Woolbridge, and along the Peat Moors River ; Edmondsham. G. Swanage ; Corfe Castle ; Wool- garston ; Arne. This species is commoner than the Flora of Dorset leads one to suppose. O. maculata, L., and O. ericeiorum, Linton, have in the past been united under the former name as the Spotted Orchis, but are now placed in the new edition of the London Catalogue as separate species. O. maculafa, L., has generally rather broader leaves and an ovate-cylindrical spike ; the lip is divided in three subequal deltoid lobes, of which the middle lobe is slightly the longest. Its habitat is in open woods, waysides, and banks, chalk downs, &c. No localities are given in the Flora, and I have few notes of this segregate, which is probably well distributed and fairly common, except in the heath districts. D. Morden. E. Compton Abbas. F. Badbury Rings ; Shapwick ; W. M. Rogers. Westley Wood ; Hemsworth Down ; Crichel ; Verwood ; Sutton Holms ; Edmondsham ; near Stourpaine and Bonslea Chase. G. Swanage and near Langton Wood, W. M. Rogers. Woolgarston ; Corfe Castle. — O. ericetonim, Linton. This begins flowering two or three weeks before the last species, soon after the middle of May in an average season. Its leaves are rather narrow and often recurved in the upper part ; the lip of the flower is broadly expansive and unequally divided ; the side lobes are broad, crenate, seldom pointed ; the mid-lobe is small, triangular, scarcely as long as the prominent side lobes, and, being usually more or less recurved, looks shorter than it really is. This species occurs freely in the moister parts of heaths and in boggy meadows, and avoids the chalk and all stiff soil. Several localities were given in a former paper. I add F. Moist meadows, Edmondsham ; moist pasture of a fibrous soil near Sutton Holms, but in St. Giles Parish. — O. ericetorum x latifolia. F. Two wet meadows near the R. Cran, Edmondsham, where both species grow together. Ophrys api'Jera, Huds., Bee Orchis. F. By a chalk-pit near Holwell, Cranborne, and in a rough pasture near Castle Hill, in Edmondsham. G. Near Chapman's Pool ; near Norden Farm, NOTES ON TlHE DORSET FLORA. 119 Corfe Castle ; Ulwell. — Habenaria conopsea, Benth. F. Witch- ampton ; rough pasture between Edmondsham and Woodlands. G. Rempstone ; Godlingstone Heath. — H. bifoh'a, R. Br. F. Moist side of railway, Goatham.— H. chloroleuca, Ridley. F. Woods in Edmondsham and St. Giles ; copse near Boveridge ; Sutton Holms ; High Wood ; Dairy Wood. G. Woolgarston. Iris fxlidissima, L. Frequent on calcareous soils, absent from the heathland. C. Preston. F. Shapwick ; abundant in the belt around Kingston Lacy Park ; High Wood ; Hemsworth ; Mange Wood ; Queen's Copse ; Edmondsham ; Cranborne. G. Studland ; Creech Grange ; Woolgarston ; Kingston ; Encombe. Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus, L., Common Daffodil. D. Lytchett Matravers, abundant in woods and pastures. F. Copse S. of Wimborne ; woodland and pasture, Edmondsham. G. Wyck, L. V. Lester-Garland, Esq. — Galanthus nivalis, L., Snowdrop. F. Bushy field border, Edmondsham, where it may be native. — Leucojum ccstivum, L., Snowflake. Wet coppice, Shapwick, where it was pointed out by the late Rev. R. P. Murray. Tamus communis, L. Local rather than " generally dis- tributed." I never saw it on the heathland. D. Aimer to East Mordcn ; Sherford Brook ; Lytchett Minster. F. Hampreston ; near White Mills ; Bailey Gate ; Kingston Lacy ; Hemsworth ; Dairy Wood ; West Moors and Cross Keys ; Holt; Woolbridge ; P'dmondsham. G. Studland ; Swanage, W. M. Rogers. Near Corfe Castle ; Woolgarston. Ruscus aculeaiits, L. Butcher's Broom. F. Hemsworth ; West Moors ; Woodlands ; Edmondsham ; Cranborne and Boveridge. In the latter neighbourhood berries arc very infrequent, though the female plant abounds ; infertile perhaps from the absence of the staminiferous plant, which has not yet been detected. — Asparagus officitialis, L. F. Miss K. G. Firbank reported this plant in plenty on Poole Harbour sandbanks; recorded in 1799 by Pultcney. — All him rincale, L. In its common form var. compacluin. D. Lytchett Minster churchyard. F. Railway banks N. of Bailey Gate ; King's Down ; Edmondsham, hedge banks on the side towards St. Giles'. G. Scotland Farm, near Corfe 120 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. Castle ; both sides of Ballard Down. Var. bulbiferurn, Syme, bearing some flowers as well as bulbils. F. Grassy bank near the shore of the harbour, Tattenham, Longfleet. - A. arsinum, L. Plentiful in some districts, but local ; absent from the heath country ? F. In a copse near Bradford Farm, abundant ; Edmondsham, frequent ; Horton. G. Rempstone ; Knowle Hill.— Ornithogalum umbellatum, L. D. N. to N.E. of Wareham. F. Pasture near Longfleet Church. — Tulipa sylvestris, L. In a field at Melbury Osmunde, where some old inhabitants said " it always grew there." Miss K. E. Weatherley. — Narthecium Osst/ragum, Huds. D. Heaths N.W. and E. of Wareham; Lytchett Minster. F. Boggy drain, Talbot Heath to Newtown, abundant ; near the railway, Wimborne to Broadstone, and West Moors to Verwood, frequent ; Goatham. G. Corfe Castle. Juncus squarrosus, L. D. N.W. and E. of Wareham ; Lytchett Minster ; Morden Decoy. F. Talbot Heath, near Bournemouth ; Upton ; West Moors ; Woolbridge ; Goatham. G. Corfe Castle and near the Corfe river ; Rempstone. — J '. Gerardi, Loisel. D. Hamworthy ; Lytchett Minster ; Wareham, by the harbour, and Keysworth. — J. effusus x glaucus (J. diffusns, Hoppe). F. Bailey Gate ; meadow between Shapwick and Spetisbury ; by the Peat Moors River; rough wet pasture, Edmondsham. G. Near Scotland Farm, Corfe Castle. — /. maritimus, Lam. D. Marshes from Hamworthy Junction to Lytchett Minster. — J. supinus, Mcench, var. Kochii, Bab. F. Boggy stream feeding the Coy Pond, Talbot Heath. G. Corfe to Wareham. — J. obtusiflorus, P'hrh. F. Wet meadow by R. Cran, on the borders of Edmond- sham.— J, acutiflorus x lamprocarpus. G. Littlesea. — Luzula ver- nah's, DC. D. Lytchett Matravers ; copse N. of East Morden. F. Westley Wood and Foxholes near Bailey Gate ; High Wood ; Dairy Wood ; Hemsworth ; Crichel ; Woodlands ; Edmondsham. G. Rempstone. — L. maxima, DC. D. Abundant in copse N. of East Morden. F. Foxholes Wood, near Bailey Gate ; Castle Hill Wood, Edmondsham. G. Corfe Castle ; Rempstone. Typha latifolia, L. Reedmace. D. Sherford Brook ; Lytchett Minster; near Wareham. F. Branksome Chine; pond in the NOTES ON THE DORSET p'LORA. 121 grounds long occupied by Mr. Blanchard at Parkstone ; West Moors ; Woolbridge ; brickyard by Venvood Station ; Witch- ampton. G. Corfe Castle; Littlesea. Mr. Blanchard could remember his pond being made, and of course at first there was no Typha, nor was it ever planted there. By 1897 it filled one- third of the pond, and gave cover for two or three moorhens' nests. How did it get there ? No doubt isolated ponds get their waterweeds often in the first place by seeds conveyed in the mud attached to the feet of water fowl.— Sparganium ramosum, Huds. F. West Moors ; by the R. Cran, between Cranborne and Verwood. G- Stoborough meadows ; Corfe Castle.- S. simplex, Huds. D. Wareham. F. Wimborne to Canford ; West Moors and Cross Keys ; Goatham. G. Stoborough meadows. Altsma P/aniago, L. (Water Plantain), var. lanceolatum, Afz. F. Pool near N.W. corner of Poole Harbour ; i.e., near Ham- worthy Junction. — A. ranunculoides, L. D. Lytchett Minster; Sherford Brook ; Wareham. F. Lower Barnsley ; Woolbridge ; Peat Moors R. G. Creech, W. M. Rogers. Triglochin paluslre, L. D. Lytchett Minster. F. Cow Grove, near Wimborne ; near High Hall ; valley of R. Cran, in and near Edmondsham. G. Corfe Castle and Scotland Farm. — 7'. maritimum, L. D. Keysworth ; Wareham, near the harbour; Lytchett Minster. F. By Poole Park ; Poole to Creekmoor. G. By the Corfe River; Arne ; Winspit. — Poiamogeton crispus, L. F. Near Bailey Gate Station ; Kingston Lacy ; West Moors ; Cross Keys. G. Corfe Castle. — P. densus, L. Leigh Common, W. M. Rogers. Kingston Lacy ; Lower Barnsley. G. R. Frome, Wareham ; Corfe Castle. — P. actttifolius, Link. G. Stoborough meadows, where it was much finer than in the well-known station on the N. side of Wareham in District D. — Zannichellia palustris, L. F. Edmondsham, in a small stream, where it has more than one year been seen in flower before the end of March ! Cypeius fuscu s, L. D. The locality for this very rare plant is given in the first list of Addenda in the Flora, viz., Bere Regis, and the first record is attributed to " Mansel-Pleydell, 1893." I 122 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. believe Mr. Mansel-Pleydell hoped to bring out the Flora in that year, and wrote this list of Addenda I. in that expectation ; but the publication was delayed till 1895, and meanwhile this species and some of the others that have the same heading were recorded in 1893 in the Journal of Botany. C. fuscus occurred not only at Bere Regis, but at a marshy spot a mile or more down the valley. — Eleocharis multicauh's, Sm. D. Lytchett Minster ; Morden Decoy. F. Wallis Down ; near Creekmoor ; Cow Grove, Wimborne ; Uddens ; West Moors ; Witchampton ; Crichel Pond ; Vervvood Common. G. By Little Sea ; Corfe Castle. — Scirpus fluitans, L. Common in heath districts, local elsewhere. D. Lytchett Minster; E. and N.E. of Wareham Station ; Morden Decoy. F. Branksome Chine ; Parkstone ; near Creekmoor ; West Moors ; Holt ; East Moors River ; Verwood ; Goatham. G. Stoborough ; Bushey ; Corfe Castle ; Little Sea. — S. cernuus, Vahl. (6. Savii, Seb. and Maur.). D. Salt marsh a little to the west of Hamworthy Junction. F. Shore between Poole and Creekmoor, abundant. G. Studland, plentiful in wet lane leading down to the shore ; mouth of Corfe River. — .S. se/aceus, L. F. Parkstone ; Sutton Common ; Edmondsham, in springy spots in a field known as " Hyles " and another field sloping towards the R. Cran. G. Corfe Castle. — 6". Tabernaemontani, Gmel. D. Hamworthy Junction ; Lytchett Minster ; Keysworth and E. of Wareham towards the harbour. F. Between Sterte and Creekmoor, near Poole. G. Mouth of Corfe River, abundant. — 6". maritimus, L. Lytchett Minster; Keysworth. E. Usually a seaside Clubrush, this species is in some abundance in the Stour near the bridge at Sturminster Newton. F. Abundant about half-way between Sterte and Creekmoor, on the shore of Poole Harbour. It also occurs several miles inland in brickyard pools by Verwood Station. G. Mouth of Corfe River. — 6". sylvaticus, L. F. Wet thickety meadowland by the Cran between Cranborne and Verwood. Eriophonim vagina I urn, L., reported in the Flora (p. 291) as growing within a few yards over the county border near Bourne- mouth, was an error ; starved E. angtistifolium, Roth, having been NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 123 mistaken for it by the friend who reported it. — E. gracile, Koch. G. Besides the boggy south end of Littlesea, and a boggy pool a little nearer Studland; where this rare Cotton-grass was first discovered, it was found also on Godlingston Heath in 1899. — Rhynchospora fusca, Roem. and Schult. D. In great abundance along the borders of the extensive and very interesting bog, Morden Decoy, on both sides. F. In the boggy drain feeding the Coy Pond, Talbot Heath, scarce and perhaps dying out ; West Moors. G. Godlingstone Heath. — R. alba, Vahl. D. Gore Heath, W. M. Rogers. Morden Decoy. F. Boggy sources of the Bourne, on heaths W. of Bournemouth ; Salterns, Parkstone ; West Moors; Verwood ; Goatham. G. Corfe Castle. — Schocmts m'gricans, L. D. Marsh W. of Hamworthy Junction ; Lytchett Minster ; E. of Wareham Station. G. Corfe Castle and Bushey ; Godlingston ; by Littlesea. Cartx disticha, Huds. D. Lytchett Minster. E. Shilling- stone. F. Cow Grove, Wimborne ; Kingston Lacy ; High Hall ; Shapwick. G. Wareham Heath ; Stoborough ; Arne ; Corfe Castle. — C. arenatia, L. D. Lytchett Bay. F. Sandy bank near Branksome Station and near Bournemouth Gasworks ; by Poole Park and between Sterte and Creekmoor. — C. panicu/ata, L. D. N.E. and N.W. of Wareham ; Sherford Brook ; Lytchett Matravers. F. West Moors ; East Moors River ; Edmondsham. G. Wet thicket S.W. of Wareham ; near Corfe Castle and down the Corfe River. — C, Titlpina, L. D. Wareham ; Lytcheit Minster. F. Frequent about Wimborne ; Kingston Lacy ; by Bailey Gate Station ; Edmondsham. G. Studland ; Ulwell ; about Corfe Castle; Church Knowle. — C, mun'cata, L. This name is now limited to a plant found very rarely in Britain, and our Dorset plant (most, if not all), belongs to the commoner plant of which C. coniigua, Hoppe, is now recognised as the earliest name. — C. echinata, Murr. F. Valley of R. Cran. — C. remo/a, L. D. N.E. and N.W. of Wareham. F. Frequent in the valleys of the Stour and its tributaries ; Edmondsham. G. Rcmpstone.— C. oval is, L. D. Sherford ; between Wareham and Morden Decoy. F. Kinson ; west of Wimborne ; Woolbridge ; 124 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. Verwood ; Woodlands ; Edmondsham. G. Arne ; Littlesea ; Corfe Castle. — C. acuta, L. D. Ditches beween Wareham and the railway station. F. Stour valley from Shapwick downwards ; East and West Moors Rivers ; Cranborne to Verwood by R. Cran. — C. limosa, L. F. Spongy bog near Waterloo, about half- way between Poole and Broadstone, and near the railway, L. V. Lester-Garland. This rare sedge has only one other station in Dorset, and is equally rare in Hants, the only two counties in the south of England in which it occurs. It next appears in Norfolk and Suffolk on the east and Shropshire on the west. — C. humih's, Leysser. F. This very local sedge can now hardly be considered rare in the eastern part of -the county, though it is strictly limited to the chalk. It is in some abundance on Harley Down ; Gussage Hill ; Week Street Down and Thickthorn Down ; and occurs also on down near Blagdon Farm, Cranborne, both in Dorset and over the border in Wilts. It may easily be distinguished, at least wThen the turf is rather dry, whether in flower or not, by the bright green of its foliage. C, montana, L. F. Moist woodland, Edmondsham. This rare species is only mentioned in the Flora (p. xi.) in a list of plants found in Hants which are absent from Dorset. Being a very rare and local sedge, it is the more satisfactory that our county can now claim a station for it. There is happily a fair quantity of this Carex scattered over a small area, safely entrenched in stiff soil in the moist bushy situation that it usually prefers, somewhat similar to its chief locality near Brockenhurst. C. montana is known now for twelve or thirteen counties, but is scarce, I believe, in all of them, being often limited, as in Dorset, Hants, and Somerset, to one or two localities. C. pilulifera, L. D. Ham worthy Junction ; Lytchett Minster; E. and N.W. of Wareham Station. F, Very frequent over the whole heath district, from Edmondsham and Verwood to Poole ; also Crichel ; Okeford Hill. G. Arne ; Corfe Castle ; Rempstone. — C. pallescens, L. D. East Morden towards Lytchett Matravers. F. Woods between Edmondsham and Verwood Station. C. NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 125 pendula, Huds. F. Highwood. G. Near Kingston towards Chapman's Pool. — C. strigosa, Huds. F. In fair quantity in a ditch at the base of a copse covering a damp slope and in a wet spot in the adjoining meadow, Edmondsham. This is the only spot I have seen it in the county. There is only one other locality on record, in the extreme west of Dorset. This species is usually rare and very local in other counties. — C. sylratica, L. No doubt " common," as the Flora says ; it is to be found in almost every wood, only not usually in the light soils of the Tertiaries. — C. binervis, Sm. D. Near Wareham. F. Near the Rifle Butts, N. of Bourne Valley ; Corfe Mullen ; scarce in Edmondsham and Goatham. G. Corfe Castle; Rempstone. — C. punctata, Gaud. D. Between Hamworthy and Lake ; on rough bushy ground W. of Hamworthy Junction towards Lytchett Minster. F. Near Sterte, in Longfleet.— C. fufaa, Host. (C. Hornschuchiana, Hoppe). These are now regarded as synonyms. D. Half-a-mile N.W. of Wareham, towards Trigon ; three- quarter-mile E. of Wareham Station. F. Wet meadow by the R. Cran, Edmondsham. G. Stoborough ; Corfe Castle. C.flava, L. The forms of this and the next have been revised and re-arranged since the date of the Flora. I follow here the latest order. Type C. flava, L. F. Kinson. G. Rempstone. Var. lepidocarpa, Tausch. D. Morden Decoy. — C. (Ederi, Retz., var. elatior, And. D. Morden Decoy, R. P. Murray. This and var. hpidocarpa above from the same locality were named for Mr. Murray by Herr Kiikenthal ; I should have supposed the two gatherings were the same plant. F. By the Peat Moors River, G. S.W. of Corfe Castle. Var. cyperomes, Marss. D. Morden Decoy, R. P. Murray. G. On the sandy marsh between Little Sea and the shore. Var. cedocarpa, And. (C. flava, var. minor. Townsend). This is with us the common form of the whole group. D. Near Wareham. F. Very frequent in moist ground over the whole heath district from Verwood to the neighbourhood of Bournemouth and Wareham ; Witchampton ; Goatham. G. Studland Bay, W. M. Rogers. Stoborough ; Corfe Castle. — C. hirta, L. D. Lytchett Minster; Lytchett Matravers ; Wareham. 126 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. F. Cowgrove ; Bailey Gate ; Aimer ; Kingston Lacy ; Crichel Park ; Witchampton ; West Moors ; Edmondsham. G. Sto- borough ; Corfe Castle ; Rempstone. — C. rostrata, Stokes. D. Abundant in meado\vs and ditches near Wareham Station and three-quarters mile to the east ; Morden Decoy ; Lytchett Bay ; Sherford Brook. F. Near High Hall ; halfway between West Moors and Herne Bridge ; by the Cran between Edmondsham and Holwell. G. Near Corfe Castle. A hybrid between C. rostraia and C. vesicaria occurs in a wet meadow between Wareham Station and the river on the east side of the road into Wareham. — C, vesicaria, L, F. By the East Moors River, about the railway bridge. GRAMINEJE. — Several interesting notes on Grasses in Dorset have recently been contributed by Mr. H. ]. Goddard, late of Poole, who has paid much attention to this Order. He has considerately let me see specimens of the more critical species ; these are marked with the sign (!). Panicum Crus-Galli, L. F. Branksome Park, Rev. H. H. Slater \ Willenham, Parkstone, casual, H.J. Goddard '! — P. sangui- tiale, L. F. In some quantity as a garden weed near Constitu- tion Hill, Parkstone, A. E. Hudson] — P. miliaceum, L. C. Corn field and waste ground, Upwey ! Broadwey ! Radipole ; Pye Hill and Westham, Weymouth ; garden weed, Nottington ; H. J. Goddard. F. Allotments, Bourne Valley ; Lilliput, Parkstone. — Sorghum halepense, Pers., a S. European species, sent me un- named. C. Near Weymouth Gasworks, //. J. Goddard ! — Setaria viridis, Beauv. C. Broadwey ; Weymouth, near the Gasworks, H.J. Goddard. F. Parkstone; Constitution Hill and Upper Park- stone ; Longham ; Leigh Common, Wimborne, H. J. Goddard. Branksome. — 6\ glauca, Beauv. F. Parkstone, near St. Luke's Church ! and near St. Lawrence's Church, Sandbank Road, H. J. Goddard. Longfleet Allotments. — 6". verticillata, Beauv. C. Broadwey, and Hillfield Gardens ; also Nottington, neglected gardens. — H. J. Goddard. F. Ringwood Road, Longham, H. J. Goddard. — Spartina Townsendi^. and ]. Groves. D. Lytchett Bay; Lake, Hamworthy, Holes Bay ; H. J. Goddard. F. By the Fever NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 127 Hospital, Poole, Rev. H. J. Riddelsdell; Parkstone, and White Cliff, Parkstone-on-Sea ; Sterte, Longfleet, H. /. Goddard.— Phalaris canariensis, L. C. East of Wareham. F. Bourne Valley ; Parkstone ; Longfleet ; Hampreston. G. Stoborough. — Alopecurus mysuroides, Huds. (A. agresh's, L.} A. Burton Bradstock, H. J. Goddard. E. Buckland Newton, H.J. Goddard. F. Branksome and Bourne Valley, H. J. Goddard. Shapwick ; Crichel. G. Swanage, abundant, W. M. Rogers, Kingston. — Milium ejfiisum, L. D. Copse N. of East Morden. F. Woods, Wimborne to Cranborne ; Sutton ; Cold Harbour, St. Giles', H. J. Goddard. East of Aimer ; Westley Wood ; Crichel ; Dairy Wood. G. Creech Grange. — Phleum arenarium, L. C. Still plentiful about the Ferry Bridge to Portland Station, H. J. Goddard. — Agroslis setaaa, Curtis. Abundant locally through the heath district, but not occurring, so far as I have noticed, on any " downs " in this county or elsewhere. D. Hamworthy Junction, and from there to near Wareham. F. Heaths generally from Bournemouth and Poole to Broadstone and Verwood ; Goatham. G. Arne ; Rempstone. — A. canina, L. Is this "generally distributed"? My notes seem to show that it is local, and that it is chiefly found in the heath districts. — A. vulgaris, With. var. pumila, L. F. I have noted this at Kinson, and along the Peat Moors Valley ; but it disappears from our list as a variety, since it has been found to be a starved form affected by fungus, and under cultivation the late Rev. W. R. Linton observed that it reverted to the type. — Calamagrosfis Epigeios, Roth. F. In some quantity in rough pasture on the borders of Rhymes Copse, Edmondsham. — Gastiidium australe, Beauv. C. Southdown Cliffs, Weymouth, H. J. Goddard ! F. Brickyard by Verwood Station. G. War- borough Bay, H. J. Goddard. Field-side 2 m. out of Corfe Castle by the road to Swanage. — Apera Spica-venii, Beauv. F. In considerable quantity in the eastern part of Poole Park, 1908, H. J. Goddard ; quite likely soil and situation for this rare grass to occur naturally. On the other hand most of the turf in the Park has no doubt been laid down or sown. — Corynephorus canescens, Beauv. It has been a puzzle how this grass, otherwise 128 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. restricted to the E. coast of England, came to be reported by Pulteney for Dorset. No botanist has confirmed the discovery. Miss E. Armitage wrote to me a very pertinent suggestion some time back, viz., that Agrostis setacea, which is abundant on heaths round Poole Harbour, is deceptively like C. canescens in the earlier stage before its panicle opens out in flower, and might easily be mistaken for it. It is true Pulteney mentions A. stlacea for Dorset, viz., for Puddletown and seacoasts near Weymouth ; but not, I believe, for any part of Poole Harbour, though it is so abundant. Deschampsia discolor, Roem. and Schult. (D. setacea, Hanb. ; Aira uliginosa, Weihe). D. Gore Heath, W. M. Rogers. F. On a wet bit of heath, 2 m. N. of West Moors, near Cross Keys ; Ensbury, Kinson ; Parkstone. — D. flexuosa, Trin. C. Martin's Town, H. J. Goddard. F. Branksome and Sandecotes, H. J. Goddard. Parkstone. — Holcus mollis, L. F. Frequent from Bourne Valley and Longfleet to Hemsworth Down and Edmond- sham. G. Arne, W. M. Rogers.— Avena pubescent, Huds. C. Upwey ; Ridgeway Downs, H. J. Goddard. F. Dairy Wood ; Shapwick ; Badbury Rings ; Kingsdown ; Witchampton ; Shillingstone ; Edmondsham. G. Woolgarston ; Corfe Castle ; Rempstone ; Kingston. — A. pralensis, L. F. Kingsdown, H. f. Goddard. Shapwick ; Badbury. G. Rempstone ; S.E. of Corfe Castle; Knowle Hill. — A. strigosa, Schreb. F. Allotment on heath near Wallis Down. — Koeleria cris/a/a, Pers. Under this familiar name several fresh stations for Koeleria might be given ; but the genus has lately undergone some revision, and we have three species in the London Catalogue (Ed. 10), instead of one. The commonest form, to which most of our Dorset localities will go, is now placed under K. gracilis, Pers., as var. britannica, Domin. All my specimens of this genus have gone to Dr. Domin to be determined afresh, and have not come back. I have received specimens of two gatherings by the Rev. H. J. Riddelsdell from Smallmouth Sands, Weymouth (C), one of which is named by Dr. Domin K. graitlis, Pers. ; the type, that is, and not our common British form, and the other K. aibescens, NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. I2Q DC. — Catabrosa aquatica, Beauv. F. Roadside, Edmondsham. —Briza minor, L. F. Parkstone, sandy places, and at the S.W. Pottery ; plentiful in fields between Ferndown and West Moors and between West Moors and Cross Keys, H. J. Goddard. Salterns, Parkstone, very fine and abundant, 1894; Verwood towards Edmondsham, and Goatham. — Lamarckia aurea (L.), Moench. F. Neglected garden, Upton, 1906, H. J. Goddard \ This beautiful S. European grass was sent me unnamed. Poa nemorah's, L. E. Banks between Sturminster Newton and Piddle Wood. F. On some old turf under trees in the premises of Edmondsham Rectory, apparently native. — P. pratensis, L., var. subccerulea, Sm. F. Hamworthy ! H. J. Goddard. — Glyceria plicata, Fr., var. pedicellata, Townsend, now recognised as a hybrid between G. fluitans, Br., and G. plicata, Fr., is plentiful (F) in a water-meadow ditch, Edmondsham, and in the summer of 1908 was much affected with ergot. — G. distant, Wahl. F. Abundant at Sterte (sea-wall) and Baiter, Poole, H. J. Goddard. — Festuca procumbens, Kunth. F. Near Creekmoor and Holes Bay Signal Box and Sterte Esplanade, Poole, H J. Goddard. — F. rigida, Kunth. C- Broadwey; Radipole ; Lulworth, H. J. Goddard. Osmington. F. Badbury Rings ; Kingsdown ; Edmondsham. G. Swanage, frequent ; Arne ; Corfe Castle ; Knowle Hill ; Winspit. Fesluca rottbcellioides, Kunth (Poa loliacea, Huds., in the Dorset Flora, 2nd Ed., Schrochloa loliacea, Woods, in the ist Ed.). Kunth's name has now stood through two editions of the London Catalogue, and will probably stand as the oldest and established name. C. Portland ; Chesil bank and near Ferry Bridge; fairly plentiful in suitable places, 1899, H. J. Goddard. G. Tilly Whim, W. M. Rogers. — /'"". uniglumis, Soland. Mr. Goddard, who gives his chief attention to grasses, writes: "I have diligently searched for this for some ten years, particularly around Weymouth in 1897-99, and since then in Parkstone, Poole, and Lytchett in all likely places." I have not been more successful, and have not come across it on the Dorset coast. — F. rubra, L., var. grandiflora, Hackel, a variety easily passed for 130 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. var. arenaria. G. South Haven ; Littlesea. — Var. pruinosa, Hackel, a variety with very glaucous foliage, always occurring near the coast. G. Tilly Whim ; Seacombe. — F. elatior x Lolium perenne (F. loliacea, Huds.). F. In quantity by the verge of the Stour, just opposite Shapwick Vicarage ; by the R. Cran, near Edmondsham. It is said to be "generally distributed" in the Flora ; I can, however, give no other locality, and am under the impression that it is rather scarce. Bromus giganteus, L. F. About Wimborne ; Horton ; Witch- ampton ; Edmondsham. G. Woolgarston ; Rempstone. — B. ramosus, Huds. (B. asper, L.). C. Upwey ; Broadwey ; Porte- sham ; Abbotsbury, H. J. Goddard. E. Sturminster; Buckland Newton, H. J. Goddard. F. Upton ; Durweston ; Shillingstone, H. J. Goddard. Corfe Mullen ; Shapwick ; Queen's Copse, and Woodlands ; Edmondsham. G. Near Swanage ; Corfe Castle, W. M. Rogers. - B. erectus, Huds. C. Railway banks, Upwey ! H. J. Goddaid. E. Near Compton Abbas. F. Abundant on and about Bokerly Dyke, near Blagdon Farm, on both sides of the county boundary. — B. unioloides, Kunth. F. Neglected garden, Upton, H. J. Goddard ! This alien is new to the county. — B. secalinus, L. Field near Talbot Church, towards Kinson ; near Longfleet Church ; field of rye, Edmondsham, in plenty, but only for one season, 1905. — B. ?nollis, L., var. glabratus, Doell. F. Bourne Valley ! H. J. Goddard. Edmond- sham, in a field of clover and rye-grass, evidently introduced with the crop. — B. atvensis, L. F. In a cornfield on the E. side of Aimer. Brachy podium pinnahim, Beauv. F. Badbury Rings. G. Near Kingston ; Bushey. — Lolium temulentum, L. F. Parkstone, about Oaklands, and Sandbanks Road, H. J. Goddard. — Var. arvense, With. C. Upwey, H. J. Goddard. — Agropyron caninttm, Beauv. C. Near the Coastguard Station, White Nose, //. /. Goddard. E. Sturminster Newton towards Shillingstone, H. J. Goddard. F. Lilliput, Parkstone, frequent in hedges, Durweston, Fiddleford and Shillingstone, H.J. Goddard, Broadstone; Witch- ampton ; Edmonsham. — A . pun gens t R. and S. G. Arne ; below NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 131 Redcliff. — Var. pycnanthum, Gr. and Godr. D. Lytchctt Min- ster.— A.junceum, Bcauv. A. Burton Bradstock, H. J. Goddard. C. Radipole, and Rodwell, H. J. Goddard. — Nardtis slricla, L. D. By Morden Decoy. F. On all the heaths from Bourne Valley and Poole Harbour to Venvood Common ; Goatham. G. Scotland Heath, &c., H. /. Goddard, Corfe Castle ; Little Sea. — Hordeum secalinum, Schreb. (H. pratense, Huds.). C. Chickerell, H. /. Goddard. D. Keysworth ; Lytchett Minster. E. Stur- minster Newton ; Hinton St. Mary ; Buckland Newton, H. J. Goddard. F. Sturminster Marshall; Spetisbury; Edmondsham. — < H. muriniim, L. The distribution of this species is, perhaps, worth working out, for it is certainly very irregular in the county. Practically absent from the heathland, it is also very scarce in N.E. Dorset on the clay and on the chalk. E. Margaret Marsh. F. Cranborne. The grass is usually so common one does not take note of it. — Elymus arenarius, L. F. Constitution Hill, and also on a bank near Dane Court cricket ground, Parkstone ! South Haven, opposite Branksea, inflorescence plentiful, 1908, H. J. Goddard. This occurrence, a mile from the nearest point of the harbour and more than two from the nearest bit of coast, is, to say the least, unusual. Lomaria Spicant, Desv. (Blechnum boreale, Sw.). D. Wareham Cowards Trigon and Sandford ; Morden Decoy ; East Morden ; Lytchett Matravers. F. Chiefly on peat banks ; Kinson ; Broad- stone ; Canford ; Hampreston ; West Moors and Cross Keys ; Woolbridge Heath ; Venvood ; Woodlands ; Edmondsham. G. Wareham Heath ; Corfe Castle and Bushey. — Lastrcea Thelypteris, Presl. D. Halfway between Wareham and Ham- worthy Junction, L. V. Lester-Garland. — L. Oreopleris, Presl. F. Boggy spot in a wood between Edmondsham and Wood- lands.— L. cn'slala, Presl. This has stood for some time in the Dorset list, but there is some reason for wishing that the evidence of its occurrence could be confirmed. The late Rev. R. P. Murray found that there were no certain specimens of this species in hb. Mansel-Pleydell. Mr. Arthur Bennett, who makes a study of British county records, told me he had met with no 132 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. evidence of it for Dorset. — Botrychium Lunaria, Sw. F. In small quantity, but very fine in a field on the borders of Edmond- sham. — Pihdaria glolulifera, L. F. Leigh Common, W. M. Rogers. G. In plenty at Norden, about one mile from Corfe Castle, L. V. Lester- Garland. The foregoing notes, as far as they relate to the part of the county near Cranborne, have nearly all been made since 1902. Most of those which report plants from other parts of the county were accumulated between 1893 and 1902. Some of the latter were offered to the writer of the Dorset Flora for an appendix, which was never carried out; some have been published else- where, but all are now gathered together to form a convenient supplement to the county Flora. of By the Rev. R. GROSVENOR BARTELOT, M.A. (Read llth December, 1908.) the TOURING George's progress of our Restoration of St. Church a considerable surface of mediaeval floor tiles was brought to light at the eastern end of the nave ; in addition to which from time to time, whilst we were lowering the church floor, odd tiles and fragments bearing patterns have been turned up. Those found in situ were unfortunately almost obliterated by centuries of footwear, so a plan was drawn of the order in which they had been laid, and the workmen were instructed to preserve every scrap for future examination. They did so, and this paper is the result. We have, I am happy to say, rescued from oblivion the whole or parts of twenty- seven distinct designs, the most elaborate of which are herewith, by the kind artistic talent of Miss Fisher, of Dorchester (one of the members of this Club), 134 MEDIEVAL FLOOR TILES. now placed before you on the illustration sheets, which I should like you to study as we proceed. I must first of all crave your indulgence while I say a word concerning the much-neglected history of this branch of ceramic art ; and no one can have felt more keenly than I have the need of some such assistance as a handbook on floor tiles would supply. But no such publication has hitherto appeared, so that I have been constrained to obtain information from a few articles in the Gentleman's Magazine (of the dates 1789 and 1833), short paragraphs in Parker's Glossary of Architecture and Boutell's British Archaeology, another in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and last, but not least, an excellent paper on the Worcestershire floor tiles by Canon Porter, who kindly lent me his unprinted manuscript. When were figured tiles first made ? The answer is that they are one of the earliest forms of hieroglyphic and artistic ornamentation. They may be traced back more than a thousand years before the Christian era to the clay tablets of Tel-el- Amarna. They are even mentioned in the Holy Bible, for there the Prophet Ezekiel [Chapter iv., i] twenty-five centuries ago, was thus addressed by the Almighty : — " Thou also, son of man, " take thee a tile, and lay it before thee, and pourtray upon it the " city, even Jerusalem." Now this tile, bearing the design of the Holy City in a state of siege, was to be exhibited as an object lesson to educate, a warning to stimulate, and an inspiration to attract the people of Israel. And is not this the same purpose the old Romans of Durnovaria had in mind when they laid those wonderful tesselated pavements for which our county is justly famous ? Mediaeval floor tiles were a natural evolution from these earlier prototypes, though the differences between them are considerable. Tesserae and tiles, besides, of course, differing in size, are quite the converse of one another in application ; in the case of the former the designing talent of the artist came to the front only when the floor was in the laying ; whereas in the case of the latter the maker of the materials was himself the artist, so that with such tiles a comparative amateur or local MEDIEVAL FLOOR TILES. 135 mason might lay as good a pavement as the expert. It is certainly possible to trace a similarity of pattern between the Saxon " bleo-stoenings " and the Roman mosaic work ; but the clearest evidence of the evolution process is seen in the coloured stone marqueierie patterns to the east of the altar screen at Canterbury Cathedral, as well as in the floors of Fountains Abbey and Ely Cathedral. In Prior Cranden's Chapel within the latter edifice the designs are not inlaid into the tiles them- selves, which are each of one colour only, but the pattern is produced by the outlines of the individual pieces. Nor are these necessarily rectangular, for, having been moulded in several shapes and sizes, a geometrical figure, an animal, or flower of one colour may be seen inserted after the manner of the child's picture puzzle into a corresponding cavity prepared for it in a specimen of another tint. Suffice it to say that, in spite of the complications of this method, not only lions and other ferocious beasts are pourtrayed at Ely, but flowers, trees, and foliage receive treatment, in addition to which an effective chef (Tccuvre is provided by a somewhat pretentious representa- tion of the temptation of our first parents in the Garden of Eden. Dealing next with mediaeval decorative glazed floor tiles I first of all carefully refrain from calling them, as is so often done nowadays, " encaustic tiles " ; for this designation has been already appropriated to an antique process of a totally different nature, and only causes confusion. The process of their manufacture appears to have been as follows : — The tiler first made of red clay a batch of " quarries " ; as to shape, in most cases square, though at Chertsey segmental and circular tiles are found, narrow oblongs at Salisbury, Malmesbury, and here at Fordington, elongated lozenges at St. Albans, three of which combined into a regular hexagon, and wedge shapes, triangulars and hexagonals in a few other instances; these, after being partially dried in the sun, were imprinted with the pattern from a wooden stamp cut in reverse relief. Then a preparation of white china clay was worked over the whole surface, and when 136 MEDIAEVAL FLOOR TILES. the superfluous material had been cleaned off, the " quarrel" thus obtained was burnt in a kiln. The final process was to dip these tiles in a yellow-tinted metallic glaze, in which the lead and perhaps a little decomposed brass acted on the iron and salt in the clay, and fire them once more, and they were then ready for use. If the different kinds of clay used happened to be of unequal drying qualities, the firing sometimes bulged or cracked them, as is shown in some of our Fordington examples. To obviate this evil the makers usually pierced the reverse of the tile while it was soft with dozens of small holes of the size made by a packing needle, but this was not always successful. Very slow firing was, I think, the most certain road to the desired finish. Modern manufacturers have failed to match the variegated admixture of ruddy brownish green and old gold, which you see on those specimens I have placed in the show case on the table. The reproduction craze of the Victorian era has introduced us to churches with " restored " pavements of staring red combined with glaring white, fondly imagined to be faithful copies of mediaeval tiles. But they have been merely imitated from excavated fragments which had lost their glaze through centuries of wear. I have here several samples in mint preservation to show you what St. George's floor looked like in the days when John, afterwards Cardinal, Morton was our prebendal rector, and I venture to say that not a vestige of red or white would appear on its whole surface. You could then walk upon a pavement burnished after the manner of the streets of the New Jerusalem. A rich sheen of dark green glaze, blended at times with a tint of brown, formed a velvety background, whereon stood out depicted in golden yellow the armorial bearings of kings, nobles, and bishops, the vine and the ivy inter-twining the eagle, the griffin, and the dragon of St. George, and the whole, bordered by the fret key-pattern, ending at the intersections with the mysterious fylfot cross. Such was the floor pressed by the knees of the worshippers in old St. George's in the days of its prebendal glory. No. 1. These were the Arms of the Family of Redvers Earls of Devon, and also of the Daccombes of Dorset. The letters are probably the Alpha and Omega though they might possibly be D.M. THE ST. CATHERINE WHEEL. No. 3. THE QUARTERFOIL CROSS PATTERN. MEDIAEVAL FLOOR TILES. 1 37 In the illustrations which I have placed in your hands I have marked three distinct periods in our Fordington tiles.* I. Norman or Normandy tiles. II. Early English made tiles. III. Fourteenth Century tiles. I. Of the first period we have discovered only two unobliterated examples — the Catherine wheel and the quatrefoil crossflory. These are both ot the same size, six inches square, primitive in workmanship, of remarkable thinness compared with the others, f inch thick, added to which the clay used in the inlay design is as soft and friable as chalk or pipeclay and the glaze is very thin. Altogether the chances of their being durable for any length of time must have from the first been most limited. Of this same period we discovered several larger tiles y£ inches square, but not a vestige of any pattern remains on them. One point in which these differ from later examples is that the reverse of each tile has five rudely scooped finger grips, which doubtless during their manufacture served to protect the hands of the maker from the poisonous action of the lead used in the glaze. These cavities not only lightened them for transport purposes, but also gave them a firmer grip of the mortar when they were eventually imbedded in floor position. I feel sure they are of foreign manufacture, if not the work of continental craftsmen resident in England. The pattern on one of them is the wheel of St. Katherine, a very favourite subject in foreign ecclesiastical art. On one of our bells at St. George's we have the inscription " SANCTA KATERINA ORA PRO NOBIS," and it is probable that the piscina and credence or * Parker in his Glossary says: — "They are sometimes called Norman tiles, possibly from the supposition that they were originally made in Normandy, and considering the age and variety of specimens that exist in Northern France, this idea may not be wholly erroneous." 138 MEDIJEVAL FLOOR TILES. candle bracket in our south transept where this tile was unearthed mark the site of an altar to this favourite maiden Saint in our Church. The next period of our tiles supplies specimens smaller, but thicker (5! inches square), with corner pieces which, had they been triangular, would have had the two equal sides ten inches in length ; but these, having been cut at right angles seven and a-half inches from the corner, a five-sided tile was obtained, four of which formed a square of fifteen inches, enclosing a space suitable for seven and a quarter inch tiles to be inserted. These corner pieces are primitive in design, but very effective in display. The cable specimen shows distinct imitation of the style of design found in Roman pavements — lines, circles, foliage, and intertwined ropework. The next tile, which I call the twin doves addorsed, presents a very unusual treatment of a favourite subject in tile ornament. We are fortunate in securing a few samples of this tile in mint preservation with the original glaze perfect, so that a comparison with its fellows which have stood the test of footwear is most instructive. The next tile in this period shows a coat of arms with a letter on each side. Heraldic tiles were in great demand, and this is an excellent example of a griffin or griphon segreant. I thought that I might unhesitatingly pronounce this to be the arms of Daccombe, an ancient Dorset knightly family who certainly bore the same charge ; but Mr. St. John Hope assures me that it is the shield of De Redvers, Earl of Devon. I find that members of that family owned great estates in this county, including Mosterton, Lower Loders, Buckland Ripers (which takes its second name from the Latin form of De Redvers, De Ripariis], and Puddletown, a parish adjoining to Fordington. Notice the enormous claws of the griphon. There is a reason for this. In the middle ages the horn of the rhinoceros did duty for the claw of this fabulous beast, and was in great demand for use as a drinking cup. The story of St. Cuthbert illustrates this. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, still possesses a rhino horn mounted with gold which the ancients venerated as a -griphon's Xo. 4. THE DOVES AND CROSS PATTERN. No. 5. THE DE REDVERS OR DACCOMBE ARMS. MEDIAEVAL FLOOR TILES. 139 claw. Three more were preserved at Bayeux Cathedral, and on festivals displayed at the high altar, for this mythical animal was not esteemed an evil beast, like the dragon and serpent, but was respected and even venerated as the emblem of the Sun God, the embodiment of vigilance, energy, strength, and zeal. It was, therefore, the custom to represent this creature with an abnormal development of claw. A fellow tile to this one was discovered in the floor of Preston Church in this county in 1855, and is now in the Museum. The letters on the sides of the shield are, I think, a rude representation of the Alpha and Omega. The rest of our tiles belong to the fifteenth century, and from the notes I took at the time of their discovery I can with a great degree of certainty relay the pattern as indicated by the remains we found /;/ si/u. One must remember first the rule that where the design of a tile is parallel to the sides, then that tile is a border or penultimate border. The second rule is this : When the pattern runs diagonally across the tile, as is always the case with coats of arms, fleur-de-lys or lettering, &c., then that tile is one of either four, nine, or sixteen combined into a compound design. Our St. George's patterns were laid in sixteens. In the centre a quartet of diagonals covered ten square inches of floor. Separating these from the next quartet were eight borders of the grape pattern with a single fylfot at each outer angle. The borders of the whole were worked out in frets, or key-pattern border tiles, together with several plain black, yellow, and brown singles and triangles. It will be noticed that whenever the quarter patterns on a tile are not identical, then the result of laying a group of them together is the production of two patterns instead of one. This was a very ingenious device of the ancients, and proved to be very effective and beautiful as well as simple. The illustrations I trust will speak for themselves, so I need only say a few words on the most remarkable of our St. George's specimens. The most interesting is No. 19, the only dated example amongst our discoveries. John Gough Nichols discovered a fellow tile to this in Malvern Abbey and called it the " Mendicantc Tile," but it is nothing of the sort. It is one 140 MEDIAEVAL FLOOR TILES. of a quartet forming a quatrefoil mortuary or memorial inscription dated 1456, which reads thus : — /DMseremint inei misereinini met saltern \?os ainici quia manus IDomint tetigit. -J.tb.S. H.S>. /l&cccclvi. /iDarcius bic Xucas 3oba[nes Htque /l&atbeus], This is simply a quotation from the Book of Job, chapter 19, verse 21. " Pity me, pity me, O ye my friends, for the hand of the Lord hath touched me." Then follows the Sacred Monogram and the date A.D. 1456, the inscription ending with that prayer to the four evangelists which has come down to us in the form ' ' Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, " Bless the bed that I lie on." In the Sarum Use the above chapter of the Book of Job was read as the eighth lesson of the second nocturn in the " Vigils of the Dead." A fellow tile to this one was discovered in Radipole Church, which belonged to the Benedictine Abbey of Cerne, and I trace our possession of at least two examples of this tile at St. George's to the fact that our prebendal Rector two years later than the date of the tile was the future Cardinal Morton, himself a monk at Cerne. Another tile represents the cross keys and sword, the arms of the great Benedictine Abbey of St. Peter's, Gloucester. The peculiar shape of the keys shows that the arms of the see of Exeter are not intended, and many similar tiles have been found in Malvern and Gloucester and the neighbourhood. Our speci- men is one of a quartet, and contains part of an inscription which would when complete contain about thirty-five letters. It may have been that popular mediaeval charm against fire, ending with the words " Deo et Patrie" which, dating from the martyrdom of St. Agatha A.D. 253, was as late as the year 1402 inscribed on the fire bell at Kenilworth, given by Thomas de Kyderminster. Perhaps the most interesting tile to us St. Georgians is the fine example bearing the dragon and eagle. So far as I can PERIOD i. PERIOD II. 5. PERIOD ill. 10. n. 12. 13. PERIOD III —continued. 14. 15. 16. 17. PERIOD III.— continued. •JO. 21, •2'2. MEDIAEVAL FLOOR TILES. 141 discover it is not known elsewhere, and it may have been specially designed for our Church of St. George. It is No. 2 of a quartet of tiles and I have parts of Nos. i and 4. The eagle bears a scroll inscribed \?3C \>8C, " woe woe," a reference most likely to the iath Chapter of the Apocalypse which reads " Woe to the inhabiters of the earth, for the great dragon is come down unto you." The legend round the quarter of the circular band reads " RESPICE. R. . . " ; but as I can find no sentence in the Vulgate containing this word, followed by one commencing with R, the word Respice may have been repeated. Canon Wordsworth sends me a most interesting surmise regarding the underlying motive of this tile. He writes : — " If I merely had your specimen I think I should have conjectured the word Respice thrice repeated, and have imagined perhaps the three souls in Purgatory crying to the three knights their quondam companions ' Woe ; woe ; woe ; look back upon us in our pains and bid sing a mass for us before you ride a hunting ' or words to that effect. This is a subject — ' les trois rois vifs et les trois rois morts ' — often found in primers and breviaries as an illustration in the office of the Dead." As the sentence commencing Respice " Look Thou upon me and have mercy upon me " occurs in the psalm appointed for the second nocturn of the Vigils of the Dead in the Sarum Use, this may certainly be denominated as a memorial tile alluding to some well-known mediaeval legend or picture of Purgatory. The rest of these tiles need only very slight comment. The crowned Lombardic M is a St. Mary tile. The primrose fleur- de-lys is a favourite device on tiles, and I have found many examples elsewhere, though none in which the bloom was so exactly copied from the primrose. Like the rest, it was laid in fours, so that, to realise how beautiful it looked when in si/u, one has to imagine four of them conjoined at the stem corners. The same may be said of the ivy and cable pattern. With regard to the fylfot and fret, or key-pattern tiles, a great deal might be said. The design of the swastika or fylfot cross is a heathen symbol of great antiquity adapted to Christian 142 MEDIEVAL FLOOR TILES. uses. Dr. Schliemann found it in the ruins of Troy, dating 1500 B.C. It was the emblem of Jupiter Pluvius and the Sun God, suggesting by its form gyratory movement or whirling motion. The fret also dates back to heathen mythology, and was emblematic of the all-powerful influence of water in con- junction with the sun in producing the fruits of the earth. Our collection of tiles bearing the fret pattern is almost unique and most artistic in design. I will only conclude by suggesting the study of floor tiles to fellow-members of the Field Club. Tiles are often discovered imperfect and thrown away as valueless, whereas, if kept for comparison and verification, unknown patterns are placed on record. It would be a capital idea if this Club could secure a tracing of every known Dorset tile, as they would do much to elucidate the history of our county. Need I say also that tiles have a modern interest ? To those kind ladies who are present to-day I would suggest these patterns as containing excellent designs for such feminine handiwork as doyleys, table centres, kettle holders, and various other articles suitable for modern times. By reproducing these lost patterns oi ancient days you could show how our ancestors can hold their own very well in the face of the work of modern designers. CHELOMAN SKULL FROM PURBECK BEDS, SWANAGE. This Fossil was found in the Middle Purbeck — locally known as the " Feather Bed." "glofe on a (SlJeL'ontcut from tBe "gfurBecft JSe6s of By A. SMITH WOODWARD, LL.D., F.R.S. IT LTHOUGH remains of the shells of turtles are very common in the Purbeck Beds of Swanage, only one skull appears to have been hitherto met with.1 The recent dis- covery of a skull is therefore of much interest and worthy of a brief notice. This specimen was obtained from a Swanage quarryman by Sir J. C. Robinson, who presented it to the Dorset County Museum in December, 1908. The new fossil, shown of the natural size on the accom- panying plate, is flattened by crushing and exposed from above. Its snout is bluntly pointed, and the rather small orbits (orb,} are far forwards. The temporal fossoe have a complete and extensive roof. The supra-occipital (soc.\ which just appears in the cranial roof, does not project further backwards than the squamosal region on each side. Owing to fractures by crushing most of 1 E. Lydekker, "Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia in the British Museum," pt. iii. (1889), p. 204. 144- NOTE ON A CHELONIAN SKULL. the sutures betAveen the constituent bones are scarcely distin- guishable; but it is clear that the nasals («#.) and prefrontals (prf.) are separate elements, arid that the latter are very small, not meeting in the middle line, but allowing the former to unite in suture with the frontals (_//%) The parietals (pa.} seem to be relatively large, meeting the frontals in a transverse suture between the hinder border of the orbits. The surface of all the bones is roughened by a fine network of smooth ridges, which are not very prominent. This skull is exactly such as might be expected to belong to Pleurosternum, and its external ornament agrees so closely with that of the common shells from Swanage that it may probably be referred to the same genus. As already known, l Pleurosternum exhibits some remarkable resemblances to the water-tortoises of the family Chelydidae, which now live in Australia and South America, and the new skull agrees with that of some genera of this family in the peculiar arrangement of the nasal and prefrontal bones. All the Jurassic Chelonian skulls hitherto discovered, including one from the Portland Stone,2 are closely similar to that now described. 1 R. Lydekker, ' ' On Certain Chelonian Remains from the Wealden and Purbeck," Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., Vol. XLV. (1889), p. 518. 2 R. Owen, " History of British Fossil Reptiles" (1884), Chelonians, pi. viii., figs. 1-3 (Chelone planiceps}. Named Stegochchjs by R. Lydekker, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., Vol. XLV. (1889), p. 229. of "gtctinfaCf, &c., in Dorset in 1908. By H. STILWELL. " Evening red and morning grey Will set the traveller on his way, Evening grey and morning red Will bring down rain upon his head." JRHE year 1908 was deficient in rainfall in the County of Dorset by over 5! inches. In the following Table No. I., giving the depth of rain recorded, the mean amount of the totals of 24 stations, distributed as evenly as possible over the whole county, has been calculated, showing that the rainfall for the year amounted to 27-560 in., whereas the " 50 year " previous average, as calculated by the late Mr. H. S. Eaton, was 33'23 1 in., showing a deficiency of 5'67i in. for the year 1908. June was especially a dry month, the quantity recorded (the mean of the 24 stations) being only 0^36 in. 146 RAINFALL IX DORSET. This was followed by only 1^92 in. in July, the whole of which fell before the i8th of that month, and from that date until the 1 9th August there was practically a rainless period of 31 or 32 days. This drought had a very disastrous effect on the root crops of the district. The last 1 3 days of August brought plentiful rains, amounting to a total of 3'65 in., the whole of the rain of the month having fallen in those days, and they gave August a greater rainfall than that of any other month in the year except December, which had a total of 3*77 in. On 2ist October there was a remarkable thunderstorm at Weymouth and its neighbourhood, accompanied by a most unusually heavy fall of rain. At Westham 4 in. is reported to have fallen on that day within about 4 hours, but as the heavy rain began some time before 9 a.m., at which hour the rain for "the previous day" is measured, a considerable part of the rain which fell in the storm would have been credited to 2oth October, and so " spoilt the record " for any very heavy day's record. This storm appears to have been confined, in its intensity, to the southern and western parts of the county. No heavy rainfall is recorded on that day much to the eastward of Dorchester, or northward of Sherborne and Milton Abbey. The heaviest rainfall recorded for any one day was 3*73 in. on 2ist October, at Weymouth (Massandra), and upwards of 2 in. fell on the same day at seven other stations. At places not so much affected by the storm of this day their heaviest rainfall mostly occurred in the heavy rains of 26th, 27th, and 3 1 st of August. At 14 other stations no fall amounting to one inch oc- curred on any day during the year, and in Table II., giving these particulars, it will be seen that the parts exempt from heavy rains are mostly situated in the north of the county. December had the heaviest rainfall of any month in the year (3*77 in.) and it was pretty evenly distributed over the county, RAINFALL IX DORSET. 147 with an average of 20*5 " rain days," ending with heavy snow in the last few days of the year. In the tables following these notes figures are given from seven new stations, namely, from Stoborough (Wareham), Chickerell Rectory, the Gardens at Wynford House, Bradford Peverell House, Bradford Peverell Rectory, Puddletown Vicarage, and the Vicarage at Winterbourne Whitchurch ; and no return, included in the tables for 1907, has dropped out from those now given. Some of the new observers are located very near to others from whom returns had been previously received, but by reference to the tables it will be seen that there is often considerable difference between the yearly totals of observers only a short distance apart. For instance at two stations at Wimborne, and others at Broadstone and Branksome, the total fall for the year is given as 26*41, 21*47, 26'66, and 22*35 respectively ; also between Chickerell Rectory and Chickerell " Montevideo " there is a difference of 2*59 in. in the total for the year. Additional observers are much wanted in the district com- prising the Rural Deanery of Cerne, and also in the northern part of the R.D. of Bere Regis. Are there not some persons, sufficiently interested in Rainfall phenomena, living in those parts of the county, who would be willing to undertake the work of recording the daily rainfall, and to incur the small expense of providing the necessary rain gauge, the cost of which is only about one pound ? OBSERVERS' NOTES ox METEOROLOGICAL PHEXOMEXA, &c. SHROTON. — Heavy snow 24th April. Absolute drought from 1 7th June to 6th July, 21 days, and from i8th July to igth August, 33 days. The dryest year for 13 years. ST. GILES' HOUSE. — Total amount of sunshine, 1,903 hours. Mean temperature, 49*78° ; highest temperature, 86° on 3rd July 148 RAINFALL IN DORSET. and 4th August ; lowest ditto, 5° on 3oth December. Barometer, highest reading, 30*38 in. on i8th May ; lowest, 28.75 in. on i ith December. HORTON VICARAGE. — 6th December, minimum 6°. STURMINSTER MARSHALL. — 28th February, first snow this winter. 3rd March, snow began about i p.m. and continued to 5 p.m., 0*42 in. in gauge. 22nd March, 0*45 fell between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m. 4th April, heavy thunder and lightning 3.30 to 4 p.m. 25th April, deep snow, 4 in. at 9 a.m. ; 8 in. at n a.m. 2nd May, 0*82 in. fell in heavy thunder- storm about 3 a.m. 28th August, at 6.30 a.m., three flashes of lightning and three claps of thunder. :8th October, 0*52 in. fell between 11.45 a-m- and 12.45 P-m' 2?th De- cember, first snow, slight all day. 28th December, snow had fallen during night, and at 9 a.m. was 2f in. deep. It kept on snowing till noon. Wind got up very strong about 5 or 6 a.m. PARKSTONE. — 25th April, snow began at 5 a.m., and continued till 3 p.m., when it measured 9 in. deep. 27th December, thin snow all day. 29th December, snow from about 6 a.m., and continued for 10 hours, and measured 7 in. deep. SWANAGE. — 25th April, heavy fall of snow. 28th and 29th December, heavy fall of snow, 4^ in. on the flat. HOLME, WAREHAM. — 25th April, heavy fall of snow. EAST LULWORTH. — ist January, hard frost lasting till 6th January, then rain, ist March, bright sun, dark cloud on horizon, sudden hard storm, sleet and hail burst 3 p.m. 22nd March, fierce gale from S.S.W. at night, rain squalls turning to heavy downpour ; 0*49 in. fell in 6 hours. April N.E. winds prevailed this month. 25th April, deep snow falling to 6 in. up to ic a.m. i8th June to 6th July, scorching weather, varying 68° to 78° in the shade. 8th July, heavy rain, ist to 6th October, heavy fogs. 27th December, snow fell early and during day, hard frost at night. 28th December, thermometer on N. wall 28°. 29th December, heavy snow, thermometer 19°. RAINFALL IN DORSET. 149 WEYMOUTH, — Climatological returns for 1908 : — Means — Barometer 30*002 in. „ Thermometer 9 a.m. 52*2° „ ,, Maximum 57*4 „ ,, Minimum 45*6 „ Range ir8 ,, ,, Max. and Min. 51*5 Relative humidity of air, 79 per cent. Bright sunshine, 1857*9 hours Sunless days, 53. Amount of cloud, o to 1 0=5^9. WEYMOUTH, MASSANDRA. — The most noteworthy facts as to the rain of 1908 are the dry spells of 20 days from :6th June to 7th July, and of 24 days from 25th July to i9th August ; this latter period of drought was, with the exception of '01 on 25th July, of much longer duration as, excepting the -oi on the 25th, there was no rain from I'jth July to i9th August, a period of 32 days. The exceptional rain in October, with the remarkable fall of 3'73 on the 2ist, is well worthy of notice. On that day 3*40 in. fell in three hours, and in five days, viz., "7th, i8th, i9th, 2oth, and 2ist 5'94in. was measured. CHICKERELL, MONTEVIDEO. — 6th January, the frost, which had been rather severe for a week, ended suddenly in the night of the 5th, the morning of the 6th being warm and damp. 24th April, the evening was fine, but during the night consider- able snow fell, which loaded the trees, bending down the branches of evergreens. This gradually thawed during the day. 3rd May, thunder and lightning in early morning. 3oth May and 3rd June, lightning in evening, no thunder. 22nd to 29th August, very rough winds. 6th September, very heavy dew. 1 9th September, thick sea mist all day. 2ist October, a little thunder and lightning. UPWEY. — 1908 was an average year, being only '06 wetter than the deduced average. June, with '31 in., was the dryest month since July, 1898. October, with 6*09, was, as usual, the 150 RAINFALL IN DORSET. wettest month in the year, and was remarkable for an exceed- ingly heavy rainfall on the 2ist, 2'6j in. being recorded, which is by far the heaviest fall I have registered here; 1*65 in. fell between 9 and 1 1 a.m., '92 of an inch between 1 1 a.m. and i p.m., and '10 immediately after i o'clock. This record, however, was preceded by "56 of an inch shortly before 9 o'clock, which, of course, had to be entered for the 2oth. The total for the five hours, 8 a.m. to i p.m., on the 2ist October was, there- fore, about 3'23 in. There was an absolute drought from the 1 8th June to the 6th July inclusive, a period of 19 days, which was, however, followed by a more remarkable one. Commencing on the 1 8th July and ending on the i9th August, a period of 32 days, no rain fell, excepting on the 25th July, when '02 was registered, the absolute drought in this case lasting 24 days. Snow fell on the 28th and 2gth of February, the ist, 3rd, and 1 5th March, the i9th, 23rd, and 24th April, and the 26th, 27th, 28th, and 29th December. Thunder was heard on the 29th August — when '47 of an inch of rain fell in half-an-hour ; the 2ist October, during the remarkable rain storm ; and the 1 2th November. The number of wet days — namely, 203 days — is, curiously enough, exactly the same number as in 1907, although 2'66in. less rain fell. This coincidence is a repetition of 1905 and 1906, each of these years having 184 rainy days. Two other coinci- dences are that March and April had precisely the same rainfall, namely, 2*67 in. (which was exactly the amount of the heavy rain on the 2ist October), and July and November, 1*43 in. — R. S. H. BEAMINSTER, FLEET STREET. — TEMPERATURE, MEAXS OF. Max. in shade. Mill. January .. .. 42'5 31 '7 February . . . . 47 '7 35 '4 -March 46' 7 32-3 April 52-5 37'0 May 62-9 46'2 June 69-1 49-6 July 7C-3 52'0 Max. iu shade. Min. August C9-0 50-0 September .. .. 62-1 46-3 October .. .. 6O6 46'5 November .. .. 52-3 39'5 December .. .. 47'2 3o-7 Year , , 56'9 41 '8 RAINFALL IN DORSET. 151 Mean temp, for year, 49°'4. Daily range i5°'i. The rainfall was about 8 in. below average. Snow fell on 1 1 days to a total of 2-37 in., of which the April storm recorded 0-95 and that of December 078. There were 2 total droughts of 20 days, ryth June to 6th July, and 32 days, i8th July to i9th August, followed by 17 consecutive rain days. Highest Max. temp., 81-3 on ist July. On thre first 4 days of October the Max. exceeded 70°. — J. A. BEAMINSTER VICARAGE.— This station has a complete record for 36 years. Average rainfall for 35 years previous to 1908— 37-82. During those years the rainfall has four times been lower than in 1908, viz. : — 1887 — 28-26 1892 — 28*52 1893—28-35 1898—29-48 The highest rainfall was in 1903, viz. : — 49' 2 5. — A. A. L. CHEDINGTON COURT. — The changes of temperature in April were remarkably sudden. On morning of 23rd temperature 50° in shade, changing to very cold ; 3 in. of snow fell in night. Morning of 24th, temperature 23°. In early hours of 25th more snow fell to a total depth of i foot. On ist May temperature went up to 68° in shade. The rainfall of the 2oth and 2 ist October was remarkable ; nearly 2\ in. fell in 5 J hours. The end of December was very cold. Snow fell on 26th, about 3 in., and again on 29th from 3 a.m., and continued nearly all day; total depth, 8 in. Thaw very rapid ; temperature 42° on morning of 3 1 st. Lowest temperature of the year, January 4th, 13°, and December 3oth, 15°. WYNFORD HOUSE. — 24th April, snow. 2 ist October, severe storm ; thunder, lightning, hail, and torrential rain. 27th December, snow, 2f in. ; 28th, 2| in. ; 29th, 4! in. ; total, 9^ in. LITTLEBREDY. — In the rainfall of 1908 the following records are noticeable. The longest period without rain falling was from 1 8th July to i8th August (32 days). Other prolonged periods were i7th June to 6th July (20 days), ist to 9th November (9 days), I2th to 2 ist April (9 days), and 4th to izth I £2 RAINFALL IN bORSET. February (8 days). The wettest month was October, with a register of 5^33 in. in 19 days; the next was December, with 4'yi in. in 24 days, four of which gave 0-84 in. from melted snow. The lowest record was in June of 0*44 in. in 4 days. The lowest register, *oi, was recorded on 36 days during the year. Snow was recorded seven times, viz., 28th and 29th February, 24th April, and 26th to 29th December. The heaviest single register of rainfall in any 24 hours was 1*67 on 2oth to 2ist October. Other heavy falls — '93, 3oth to 3ist August; '86, i5th to i6th February; '78, i5th to i6th July; and "73, 23rd to 24th March. The total number of wet days throughout the year was 166 and the total rainfall 31*74, which is 3^47 less than the amount recorded for the previous year. WINTERBOURNE SxEEPLETON. — Rainfall of the year about 3 J in. below average. The deficiency occurred principally in the months of June and July. Between i8th July and i8th August (32 days, both inclusive), only '01 rain fell. Upwards of i in. fell on 4 days during the year, and on 2ist October 2*20 was registered, which is the heaviest record since the register began. During the 4 days, i8th to 2ist October, the rainfall amounted to 4^35 in. DORCHESTER, No. 2. — The total rainfall was 1^09 in. less than the average as calculated by the late Mr. H. S. Eaton. The year was remarkably free from thunderstorms, and the period i7th July to i8th August yielded only *oi rain. — J. E. ACLAND. WINTERBOURNE HERRINGSTON. — In the great storm of 2ist October it began to rain about 5 a.m. At 8 I measured 0*92, and by 12 o'clock a further 2^32 had fallen, so it was one storm with a total rainfall of 3'24. — R. B. W. BLOXWORTH RECTORY. — The year 1908 has in this district been generally cold and ungenial, and very deficient in sunshine ; bad for the setting of fruit bloom in the spring, and bad for the ripening of fruit in summer and autumn ; much of it being pinched and blighted and wanting in flavour. The absence of heavy gales of wind, and also of thunderstorms, has been RAINFALL IN DORSET. 153 remarkable, only one thunderstorm of any severity, viz., 2 8th August. The great snowstorm of 2gth December yielded 0^75 water, the snow having been of an average depth of 6— 7 in., and no drifts.— O. P. C. MILTON ABBEY. — The sharpest frost this year was on joth December at 5 a.m. 28 degrees of frost. There has been very little thunder, and no heavy fall of rain. — C. H. PERKINS. RAINFALL IN DORSET. 1 rHC^l^COrH^Jg.oCO^aOCO^OOO^U-O^.O^COOOO Tt< >O fM Cj ^ !O ->* 3S$3SS8S8838§3S8feS8S838S?5888t3 V 0) co TO o ;o i^- co 3-1 2 GO 1*- O CO -rP O u? 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'55 o c-. --o o f- C3 t- » r: co i-t c. « o i-i c -o K es o « m oo t- oo aSMW^Ii^W**^*f-lflO1*O7CT^COu';CCrf'.:p^l'>JO^H » Si >« O O C 'C -M C: »1 « 1- C: --S >S ^* r+ -M t T) » r< *r N t - X h oa>«; finu> AH i^ e-l 05 rH 55 i IM ^H rH O ^ R5?»J5flr^fe!3feBeflOr-tQ •i'v r^^ ^ *5 ?Pn KM 156 RAINFALL IN DORSET. I ! ^ JO 'I £•£ Q I- =0 O CO ,-< O 05 .s rK & MOOOOOOOOi-HlHOrHi-'rHrHOOOiHOiHi-(rHrHiHffQCO^Ii-HrHi-HO5C*l ^ O I * * V •- • .- . .1 ' ' ' ' ' li s £«-Ss-a OJccKt»l> P •< RAINFALL IN DORSET. 157 Si I-! II ?] ?! 01 Tl M rH ?1 N rH rH 55 ! Suy •A[tli *. 'CO N 5-1 SO (M (M i-H 5) ^' •-. rH = •aaora JO 'Ult • M JO • D3 C-l O O O < ! CC W CO M M »l Jl •» 71 Or^t^i^.^^41^- ooi~-*oot^-t-»^-( | 1 !• >" ~ 1~ c; f; '"r; ^ -^ rH ^- rH t» ^t i-I « tS < « :.p ~- cr jj -|f ~ r: -ri ^ c; ^i r: J: ^- 1:7 71 -c c; ; -- ,= - a c S -> s *>c':f c=d.'iJJ qiui i m » I -~* ' -^ ' RAINFALL IN DORSKT. TABLE III. — STATISTICS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR AND OF THE HUMIDITY AND AMOUNT OF CLOUD AT WlNTERBOURNE STEEPLETON MANOR AT 9 A.M., KEPT BY MR. H. STILWELL. Temperature of the Air. In Stevenson's Screen. On Grass. •>- II d • 11 1908. Average of Extremes. M C If tf ~ -^ "- H jS CD 11 g 4J| 43 *j jj B 'f o B 8 2? B 0 I o ""a s • 0 t-5 1 3? t § h- 1 * January 42-7 31-2 37-2 51-9 13'8 29'3 10-0 94 6-3 February . . 47-6 36-7 42-2 53-9 27-0 34-4 22'6 93 8'5 March 46-3 32-7 39-3 53-9 23-0 29-7 19-0 88 0-8 April 51'8 36-6 43-8 6o'l 27'0 33-o 20-6 86 7-5 May 60-7 45-1 52-4 71-7 33-0 427 28-4 87 6-8 June 67-3 47-4 567 78-4 34-3 44'5 31-0 81 5-6 July 68-9 51-4 59-5 81-0 44-8 48-2 40-8 83 5-0 August 69-5 49'3 58-8 79-0 37'6 45'3 32-0 82 6-7 September . . 62 "2 467 54-1 74-1 34-5 43-1 29'5 91 7 "7 October 60-9 46-5 53-5 75-0 30-0 437 25'0 96 8-2 November . . 52'5 39-3 45-9 59'6 19-5 367 160 90 7-0 December . . 46-9 35-9 41-6 52-5 12'0 34'3 12-0 94 8-8 Year.. 5C-4 41-0 48'8 81-0 12 '0 38-8 lO'O 89 7-1 on 2nd on 30th on 12th July. Dec. Jan. By E. A. FRY. (Read 27th July, 1909.) 4 hides i virgate HE four tenants in chief of Tarrant Gunville at the time of the great survey of Domesday in 1086 were The King for land which Hugo fitz Grip held of the Queen Matilda Radulphus de Creneburne, francus - 2 Aiulfus Camerarius - 2 Willelmus de Ow - 3 Making a total of 1 1 hides 3 virgates Taking the Hide as averaging 240 acres, the total extent is 2,820 acres. The present acreage is 3,425, but it is a recognised difficulty to reconcile the Domesday with the modern areas in any individual parish, though the gross total for the county can be made to correspond fairly well. In the case of this parish the difficulty is increased as there are several unspecified Tarrants in Domesday. l6o TARRANT GUXVILLE. The lands held by the King had primarily been granted to Queen Matilda for her life, and she had granted or leased them to Hugh fitz Grip, the pre-Domesday Sheriff of Dorset ; on her death in 1083 these lands reverted to the King, not only as Reversioner of the Queen, but also by his right of escheat on the death, without issue, of the tenant Hugh fitz Grip. Of Radulphus of Cranborne, francus, we know nothing, though he may perhaps be identified with others of the same name. Aiulfus Camerarius, or the Chamberlain, was the Sheriff of Dorset at the time of Domesday, and, although we do not know for certain the intermediate generations, he was doubtless the ancestor of the family of the Tollards, and through them of the Lucys who held much property here and in other parts of Dorset and Wilts. William de Ow is a very important and highly interesting individual. Until Mr. Eyton wrote his " Key to the Domesday of Dorset " in 1878 it had not been suspected by any one that he was a different person to William de Ow, Count of Ow (or E\v), the great landowner in Sussex. Even such an eminent authority as the late Mr. E. A. Freeman did not perceive that he must be altogether another individual. It would take up too much time here to go into the proofs, but from further evidence collected by Mr. Edmond Chester Waters printed in the Yorkshire Archaeo- logical Journal and others, it must suffice to say that William de Ow was the heir of Ralph de Limesi, Chastellan of Strigoil (or Chepstow) before 1086, that he married Helisendis, sister of Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, and that in 1096 he was involved in the rebellion against William II. (Rufus). At an adjourned meeting of the Gemot at Salisbury on i3th January, 1097, a wager of battle was fought between Geoffray de Baynard and William de Ow, and the latter was overthrown. By the laws of the combat his defeat was full evidence of his guilt and the punishment decreed was confiscation of his property and bodily mutilation. Whether he died then or later is not recorded, but his lands here in Tarrant Gunville and elsewhere in the county, TARRANT GUNVILLE. l6l as also in Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Devon, Gloucester, Hants, Herts, Somerset, and Wilts, consisting of no less than 77 manors, were forfeited to the Crown, and the bulk of them were sub- sequently bestowed upon Walter de Clare, founder of Tintern Abbey. All this proves that William de Ow was an entirely different person from (though cotemporaneous with), Count William de Ow, whose lands were never forfeited. The Manor of Tarrant Gunville, at least the greater part of it, was now in the family of the Clares, and appears in all their Inquisitions post mortem, and formed part of the Honour of Gloucester, and continued in this family till the death of Gilbert de Clare, fourth and last Earl of Gloucester and Hertford at the battle of Bannockburn in 1313, 7 Edward II. His heiresses were his three sisters, and on a partition of his vast estates Tarrant Gunville, amongst other property, was given to Elizabeth, wife of John de Burgh. Her grand-daughter, Elizabeth de Burgh, brought the property again into the hands of royalty on her marriage with Lionel, Duke of Clarence, and their grand-son, Roger Mortimer, fourth Earl of March, and his son Edmund, fifth Earl of March, both held the manor at their deaths in 1398 and 1424 respectively. It was during the tenure of this place by the Mortimers that a most interesting document (now in the British Museum) was compiled, called " The Register of the Muniments of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March." Their head or principal abode was Wigmore in co. Hereford, and at some period between 1360 and 1381 an inventory was taken of all their possessions in England, and under the heading of " Tarent Gundeville " appears a list, or rather abstracts, of 40 deeds then existing relating to this place. Many of the earlier ones are not dated but it is presumed that they are in their chronological order. It forms quite an authentic " Abstract of Title " first of the Clares and afterwards of the Mortimers, to the Manor, and shows how by degrees the different owners of parts of the manor, such as Sibilla de Gunvil, wife of Hugh de Gunvil, Ralph de Stopham and William de Glammorgan (who were two of the heirs of I 62 TARRANT GUNVILLE. Brian de Insula) and others disposed of their holdings to the Clares. This document has not yet, I believe, been printed, and it is too long to do so here, but it is well worth perusal and some day, if a detailed history of Tarrant Gunville is undertaken, it will undoubtedly form an important document in that work. The heiress of the Mortimers, Anne, sister of Edmund, the last Earl of March, married royalty in the person of Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge ; and their son Richard, Duke of York, being heir to his mother, and father of King Edward IV., brought the Manor once more into the Crown. One of the first acts of Edward IV. was to make provision for his mother, Cecily (daughter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Northum- berland) and among many estates granted to her for life was that of the manor of Tarrant Gunville as set forth in a Patent Roll of i June, 1461. From this time onwards for 100 years the Manor was leased out by the Crown to many individuals, amongst whom were the Bayntons of Fullerdeston or Farleston, co. Wilts, then to the Cheynes, then to the Nevilles, and in Henry VII. 's reign it formed part of the jointure of his Queen Elizabeth, and in Henry VIII. 's reign it was in the jointure of every one of his six Queens, as shown in the various Acts of Parliament and Patent Rolls confirming those Jointures. In the 6th year of Edward VI., 1552, the manor was granted to Lord Clynton and Saye and Henry Herdson as trustees for the King, and henceforward it seems to have been split up into three undivided portions which represent, probably, the three manors of Tarrant Gunville proper, Gunville Eastbury, and Bursey. Among many names we find those of George Delalynd, Christopher Dodington, Christopher Twynhoe, John Miller ; and in 7 Edward VI., 1553, those of my ancestors Thomas Fry, William Fry, and Walter Fry. Then come Thomas Devenish, Thomas Philpott, and Bubb Dodington, Lord Melcombe, the Swaynes, Harbins, and in quite recent times the Farquharsons. In fact the transmission of the manor either in its entirety or its sub-divisions becomes so involved that I really have not been TARRANT GUNVILLE. 163 able satisfactorily to clear it up and a great deal of research is still necessary. I hope during the year to be allowed to see some of the Court Rolls, &c., of the manor which are in existence from about 1535 to 1590, and in possession of the direct descendant of the Swayne and Harbyn families, and an inspection of these may clear up some of the difficulties mentioned. cm6 gtx>Cufton of Jlrc^tfecfuraC §f^fes in f£e @£urc§ of g?or6incjfott J>f. porc^esfcr. (Being the Mansel-Phvdell Prize Essay for igog.J By JEM FEACEY. • HE following essay is accompanied by a plan of the church as existing in the year A.D. 1906, and also by a series of sketches done on the spot. The smells from the wood joists and floor of St. George's having become most objectionable and injurious to health, it was decided to remove the decayed flooring, and this was done in the month of October, 1907. It was further decided to lower the floor of the church, and for this purpose, after the removal of the sittings and floor, a certain amount of excavation over the surface was necessary. Excavation for foundations required for pillars and responds to a proposed new north nave arcade were also carried out and concrete put in, and the underpinning of the three semi- Norman piers taken in hand. The result of this work was most EXPLANATION OF PLAN. 1. — The dotted lines are of presumed foundations, which at present are non- existent. '2. — Those hatched thus )))))) are foundations of a pre-Norman structure. 3.— The part shewn thus •• •• is that of existing and 11 on -existing walls and foundations respectively of a semi-Norman or Transition building. 4. — The walls hatched thus %%%% is that of Early English work, o.— The Perpendicular work is shewn thus ||||||||||. f>. — The walls shewn thus m are in the Classic Kenaissance style of the Georgian period. 7. — The part hatched thus ///// is that of Debased Gothic and the Column and Pilaster Tuscan in character, with cambered arches spanning the openings. ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IX FORDIXGTOX CHURCH. 165 interesting from an antiquarian point of view, and the following evidence revealed itself: — (a.) In a line with and under the senii-Xonnan pillars on the south side of the nave there was a continuous, unbroken, and uninterrupted course of foundations in large stone rubble work, about 4ft. wide, from east to west. (b.) At right angles to, and running northwards into the nave, from the irregular-shaped pier (nearest the pulpit), was another course of foundations, in length about two yards. This also shewed itself again in the same line, but less perfectly, near the north aisle. (c.) Near the respond at the north-east end of the north arcade (in excavating for new pier foundations} some remains of herring-bone masonry were opened out, similar to that in character associated with Roman work. ( In 1294 Edw. I. crossed the seas sine nobilium assensu. ) without the assent of the nobles. (Disputes. Oxford University, Abiugdon, St. Alban's, St. Edmund's, Wiuchelsea, and Feversham concerned. KEGISTRFM ABBATI^E DE MALMESBUEIA IN CISTA SCACCAEII. Jl ^legisfer of f£e JlSBej? of ttt te Translation by B. FOSSETT LOCK, Barrister-at-Law. 3 If HERE was in a certain township the daughter of a Monasteries founded in shepherd, a girl of graceful figure, who earned by Wood, means of her beauty a livelihood which her family had not provided for her. To her a man-el was revealed in a vision — namely, that a moon shone out of her womb, and that with the light of it all England was illuminated. In the morning she carried the story to her companions as a jest. It was received by them very seriously, and forthwith came to the ears of the stewardess, who was in the habit of nursing the sons of the king. She made inquiry into the matter, and took the girl into her own house and treated her as a daughter, and brought her up with better food, more delicate raiment, and more polished manners. Not long afterwards Edward, son of King Alfred, passed through the township on a chance journey, and turned aside to visit the house which had formerly been the scene of his earliest childhood ; for he did not think it consistent with his good name to be above paying a visit to his nurse. There, as soon as he saw the girl, he fell in love with her and sought her by night. She became with child 204 A REGISTER OF THE ABB^Y OP MlLTOtf. after a single embrace, and giving birth to a son, Athelstan, proved the truth of her dream ; for, when his boyhood was passed and he grew into manhood, he gave great promise of a royal temperament, distinguishing himself by brilliant exploits. Later his father died, and was followed by Edward, a son by his lawful wife, who put himself to death. Then the eyes of all were turned to Athelstan ; but Alfred, a man of great pride, opposed him in secret with a party of his own as far as he could, disdaining to be subjected to any lordship which he had not accepted of his own choice. There were some who charged King Athelstan's brother, Edwin, with treachery — a horrible and disgraceful deed of wickedness — in order to upset his brother's affection by sinister hints. Edwin, although he implored the confidence of his brother both in his own person and by the mouths of his other brothers, and although he denied the accusations upon oath, was driven into exile. Further, the muttered insinuations of certain persons so prevailed upon a mind distraught with many anxieties that, forgetful of the ties of kinship, Athelstan got rid of the youth, who should have been an object of pity even among strangers, with an unheard of measure of cruelty ; for he was ordered to embark alone with one esquire upon a ship without oars or crew, and moreover rotten with age, Fortune toiled long to restore the innocent man to the land ; but, when at length the sails could no longer bear up against the fury of the winds, the young man, weary of life under such conditions, deliberately threw himself into the water and perished. His esquire more wisely suffered himself to cling to life, and, some- times avoiding the adverse waves, sometimes paddling with his feet, he brought his master's body to land in a narrow arm of the sea — to wit, at Wythsand, over against Dover. Athelstan, after his anger cooled and his mind was sobered, abhorred his own deed and, as it is said, submitted to a voluntary imprison- ment for a seven years' penance at Langport. And when he saw thence the neighbouring church of Muchelney, which was built in an unpretentious style, he is said to have vowed more than once that if he ever left his prison he would raise it to a lofty A REGISTER OF THE ABBEY OF MILTON. 205 height. But, however this may be, one thing at least is clear, as is read in the muniments of that church — that King Athelstan made the church of Muchelney higher than St. Peter's, endowing the inmates with many rents of townships and gifts of relics. But the place is difficult of access, and is generally reached in summer on foot or on horseback, and in winter not at all. And it is not to the discredit of Athelstan that he took a savage revenge upon the informer against his brother, if we are to believe the story. Now this man was the cup-bearer of the king, and by reason of this was conveniently placed for suggest- ing anything he may have thought. And it happened that on a solemn feast day he was pouring out wine in the middle of the banquet, when he slipped on one foot and recovered himself with the other. Then, seizing the opportunity, he uttered a remark which was fatal to him — "Thus brother helps brother! " And when the king heard this he ordered the treacherous man to be beheaded, for the king was constantly longing for the help of his brother, if only he were alive, and lamenting his death. Now as for this story of the slaughter of his brother, although it seems probable, I do not vouch for it, and all the less because he showed an admirable indulgence of affection towards the rest of his brothers. For his father had left these as very little boys ; but he treated them with great kindness in their youth, and, when they grew up, he associated them with himself in the kingdom ; and, out of regard for them, would never concern himself with marrying. And as for his five sisters, whom his father had left undowered and unwedded, the book of the Acts of the English shows quite clearly with what honour he advanced them. Then King Athelstan after he had, as before stated, raised to a lofty height the church of Muchelney, which had been built in a modest style, was induced by the same motive (that is to say, for the soul of his brother Edwin, about whom enough is recounted above), to found in the tenth year of his reign the church of Milton in a country district of Dorset, so that the monks might more fully attend to heavenly mysteries as they were less troubled by assemblies of men, and he contributed to 206 A REGISTER OF THE ABBEY OF MILTON. it similar gifts of townships and goods ; and he also sent from Britain beyond the seas and other places relics, which he had brought with great care and trouble and expenditure of his own money, to his monastery at Milton, in which place he had built up a monastery from the foundations. Coronation. 2 The first king crowned in England, which was then called Britain, was named Kynel ; he was baptized by Saint Birinus, the Bishop, and reigned 27 years, and after him reigned King Knewald, his son (&c., with the names of the kings down to Edward the Third). Theiuarket' 3 They have also in the same manor — to wit, of Milton — by the gift of the same King Athelstan a fair yearly on the eve and day of Saint Sampson and a market every week on Monday, and all the rights of judicature which appertain to a fair and a market. AMoTtnmi!r 4 Edward by the grace of God King of England Lord of Ireland, Duke of Aquitaine, to all to whom these letters shall come, greeting. Although it was ordained by the common council of our realm that it should not be lawful for religious men or others to enter upon any man's fee so that it should come into Mortmain without the licence of ourselves and of the chief lord of whom the property may be immediately held ; nevertheless in consider- ation of the fine which our beloved in Christ the Abbot of Milton has made with us, we for ourselves and our heirs as far as in us lies have granted and given licence to our beloved and faithful Robert of Faringdon that he may give and assign to the afore- said Abbot and the convent of the same place 100 shillings of rent issuing out of one messuage and four virgates of land with the appurtenances in Up Sydling, which John Cosset holds for the term of his life of the aforesaid Robert, for the finding of one monk as chaplain to celebrate divine service every day in the Chapel of the blessed Mary of Milton for ever as well during the life of the said John as after his death for the soul of the said Robert and the souls of his ancestors and of all the faithful dead &c. A REGISTER OF THE ABBEY OF MILTOX. 207 5 Thomas Half-Knight a man of free birth and 40 years old and upwards being sworn and diligently examined in an Inquisition on the value of the church at Broad Sydling says &c. This man Thomas had a name like that of Aylwin, the founder of Ramsey, who was Half-King. This inquisition was taken in the year of our Lord 1336. 6 We Robert by divine permission Bishop of Salisbury have caused our seal to be affixed to these presents. And we also certify as to the erasure in the first line above of these words " To the Bishop of Salisbury or his Commissary, the Dean of Whit- church obedience reverence " before the affixing of our aforesaid seal. Given at Chardstock on the ioth of August in the year of our Lord 1336 but the 7th year of our consecration. Half Knight y. p. 153 dimiclius Miles. Attestation of an erasure in a deed. 7 Soc Sak: Tol: Tern Infangenethef ; this is the suit of men in your court according to the custom of the realm. this is a plea of fine for trespass of men in your court: for "sack" in English is "achesoun" in French : and " for sich sake " means the same as "pour quele enchesouri": and " sak " means " forfeit." this is that you and your men of all your homage may be quit of toll for buying and selling in all markets. this is that you may hold all the issue of your villeins with their suits and chattels, wherever they may be found in England, with the exception that if any native shall have resided undisturbed for a year and a day in any privileged town and shall have been received into their community or guild as one of them, then he is freed from his villeinage. this is that robbers captured in your desmense or fee after getting rid of the stolen goods may be judged in your court. An explanation of the words in the Saxon language con- tained in the charters of the Kino; concern- ing the foun- dation of the church. 208 A REGISTER OF THE ABBEY OF MILTON. Hangwyte : this is, quit for summary hanging of a robber without judgment, or for his escape out of your custody. Utfangenthef : this is that robbers coming from your land or fee captured outside your land or fee in possession of the stolen goods, may be restored to your court and there judged. Hamsoken : this is to be quit of amercements for the entry of strangers by force and without licence against the peace of the King : and that you may hold pleas of trespasses of this nature in your court and on your land. Grithbruch : this is a breach of the peace of the Lord King : " Grith " is "peace " in English and "pax" in Latin. Bloodwyte : this is, to be quit of amercements for medleys and that you may hold pleas in your court and retain amercements resulting therefrom for English "fight" is Latin "medle." Flitwyte : this is, quit of (?) litigation concerning your communal affairs (?) and that you may hold pleas of these matters in your court and take amercements : for " flit " in English is " temoisoun " in Latin. Fledwyte : this is, quit of amercements when any fugitive outlaw may come to the peace of the Lord King of his own will or under licence. Flemmenfrith : this is, that you may have the chattels or amercements of your fugitive serf. Litherwyte : this is, that you may take a fine from a man who seduces your female serf without your licence. Childwyte : this is, that you may take " gerson " of your female serf who is seduced and pregnant without your licence. A REGISTER OF THE ABBEY OF MILTON. 209 Forstal : this is, quit of amercements for chattels seised within your lands and [that you may have] the amercements resulting therefrom. Scot : this is, quit of some customary charge as of a common tallage made for the use of the sheriff and his bailiffs. Geld : this is, quit of all servile aids which were wont to be given formerly and are still given, such as horn geld, and of other like matters. Hidage : this is, quit if the Lord King shall have tallaged the whole land by hides. Caruage this is, quit if the Lord King shall have tallied the whole land by carucates. Danegeld : this is, quit of a certain tax which was current at one time and which certain Danes levied in England. Horngeld : this is, quit of a certain customary charge exacted by tallage throughout the whole land, such as " of every horned beast." Lastage : this is, quit of a certain customary charge exacted in fairs and markets for carting goods where a man wishes. Stallage : this is, quit of a certain customary charge for standings taken or allotted in fairs or markets. Schewing: this is, quit of attachments in any court and before any judges concerning plaints (?) put forward and not vouched. (?) Miskerying : this is, quit of amercements for plaints before any judges (?) where a variance is shown. (?) Burghbrech : this is, quit of a trespass committed in a city or borough against the peace. Wardewyte : this is, quit of the penny to be given for keeping a ward. Hundred : this is, quit of the penny or customary charge made to the reeve and hundred men. 210 A REGISTER OF THE ABBEY OF MILTON. Bordehalpeny : this is, quit of a customary charge exacted for (?) pitching a booth. (?) Brugbote : this is, free of aids to be given for rebuilding bridges. Brugbote : this is, free of aids to be given for rebuilding a borough, castle, city, or walls thrown down. Averpeny : this is to be free concerning different things to be given for the purveyance of our Lord the King. The Register of the Priory of Saint Mary of Coventry, in the same place. 8 ^e li remembered that in the year of our Lord 1278 and in the 8th year of the reign of Edward the son of Henry the Third there was passed that accursed statute forbidding the putting of lands and tenements into mortmains. So that thenceforth no one might give sell bequeath exchange or by any title convey to ecclesiastical persons any lands or tenements without the licence of the King and the chief Lords, as is more fully set out in the same statute. But after the promulgation of that statute the same King Edward by his charter under date of the icth day of April in the 1 2th year of his reign gave a licence to Thomas the son of Gervase of Walton and John of Warre to give and convey to the Prior and Convent in Coventry 40 acres of land in Olughton and 40 shillings of rent in Coventry with the appur- tenances which are of the proper fee of the said convent, as appears by the underwritten charter of the said King — to wit " Edward &c." And there follow many other licences of the same King against the tenor of the statute for the benefit of the aforesaid house.1 of 9 You shall swear that you will be faithful to God and to the ° Monastery of Milton, to the Lord Abbot and to the monks now serving God there and to their successors. You shall not vouch 1 It is not clear whether this comment is made by the writer of the Cartulary or by the 17th century copyist. See further, translator's note, p. 212. A REGISTER OF THE ABBEY OF MILTON. 211 against them nor apply to any one else for patronage. Also you shall rest content with the rights rents and profits of your church now as of old appertaining thereto : and you shall not claim accept or hold more to the prejudice or hurt of this monastery. Also you shall pay the yearly and ancient payment of your church faithfully and in full without any deductions from year to year as long as you shall be rector or vicar there. In the aforesaid register. i o But in the register of the Monastery of Langdon we have a charter of appropriation after the following fashion: — "Edward by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Aquitaine to all to whom the present letter shall come Greeting. Know ye that for the special devotion which we bear to the blessed Thomas, the glorious martyr, in whose honour the Abbey of Langdon near Dover of the order of Premonstratensians was founded, and also for the sincere affection which we have for brother William the Abbot of that place and the canons serving God there we have given and granted to the same Abbot and Canons the Advowson of the Church of Tonge in the County of Kent which belonged to Bartholomew of Badelesmere lately our enemy and rebel and which by his forfeiture came into our hands as our escheat to have and to hold to the same abbot and canons and their successors of us and our heirs in free pure and perpetual alms for ever. We have also for us and our heirs as far as in us lies granted and given licence to the same abbot and canons that they may appropriate that church and hold it so appropriated to their own use for themselves and their aforesaid successors for ever without disturbance or hindrance from us or our heirs justices escheators sheriffs or other our bailiffs or officers whatsoever notwithstanding the statute passed concerning the putting of lands and tenements into mortmain. In witness whereof we have caused these our letters patent to be executed. Witness myself at Langdon on the 28th day of August in the 1 9th year of our reign, to wit Edward II." 212 A REGISTER OF THE ABBEY OF MILTON. THE REGISTER OF MILTON ABBEY. NOTE BY THE TRANSLATOR. The Latin text here given is a transcript of a portion of a MS. in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, "MS. James No. 23," pp. 46-52, which contains iyth century extracts, made by or on behalf of Richard James (A.D. 1592-1638) from an earlier manuscript, said by the copyist to have been in the Exchequer, and by Dugdale and Hutchins to have been in the King's Remembrancer's office there. It is not now known where the Exchequer document is, nor what was its history, but internal evidence shows that it could not be earlier than the reign of Edward III. ; and it seems to be accepted that all the earlier charters and muniments were destroyed by fire, with the Abbey, in the reign of Edward II. The MS. itself is not satisfactory ; it is badly written and appears to contain many inaccuracies, but, in the absence of the original, it is not possible to say wrhether these are due to the 1 4th century scribe or to the iyth century copyist; some have been corrected by another hand. The transcript has been furnished to me, but I have made a partial collation with the MS. on some doubtful points. This transcript comprises the first ten entries, which follow the heading, " Registrum Abbatiae de Middetone " : and the transcriber has added a summary of the other entries which precede the next prominent heading in the MS., " Registrum Abbatiae de Malmesburia in cista Scaccarii," with the note that these certainly do not relate to Milton, though they may be in the Milton cartulary. It is doubtful, however, whether these or even all the first ten come from the Milton document. Between the 7th and 8th there intervenes another similar heading, not so conspicuously set out, namely, "Registrum prioratus sanctae Marias in Coventria, ibidem;" this looks like the beginning of extracts from another cartulary — St. Mary's, Coventry — also in A REGISTER OF THE ABBEY OF MILTOX. 213 the Exchequer ; and the first entry which follows (No. 8 here) certainly relates to Coventry. But the succeeding extract (Xo. 9) reverts to Milton, with a note added " in registro predicto," which may mean that of Milton or Coventry ; and the following (Xo. 10) purports to be from the registry of Langdon, in Kent. Until the original is discovered it is useless to speculate on this puzzle. The i4th century scribe may have been copying entries from other monasteries, or James may have been making promiscuous extracts from several documents in the Exchequer. Meanwhile it will not be safe to assume that more than the first seven extracts, and probably the ninth, are from the Milton register. The contents are rather deficient in local interest. Entry Xo. i contains the legend of Athelstan's birth, succession to the Crown, murder of his half-brother Edwin, penitence, murder of his cup-bearer, enriching of Muchelney, and foundation of Milton. This has already been printed by Dugdale (Monasticon, Ed. 1819, Vol. III., p. 348), without a translation, and Hutchins gives a summary of it, with some just and caustic comments. Dugdale's version has some variations in the text, which appear here in foot notes. No. 2 is a statement of a list of the kings of England down to Edward III. Xo. 3 refers to the fair and market at Milton ; Xo. 4 is a licence in mortmain, to hold a rent* issuing out of land at Up-Sydling ; and X'o. 5 a note on the comparative etymology of a surname. Xo. 6 has a legal interest as an early form of attestation of an erasure in a deed. Xo. 8 is the Coventry extract, also a licence in mortmain ; Xo. 9 is the form of oath administered by the monks of Milton to the vicars of their benefices ; and XTo. i o is the Langdon extract, being a grant of an advowson to that Abbey with a right to appropriate. This Langdon must be West Langdon, in Kent, which belonged to the Premonstratensians (Dugd. Mon., Vol. VI., 897). Xo. 7 is the most interesting : it is a vocabulary of Saxon law terms for manorial rights with explanations in Latin. Such lists are indeed common : and are fully discussed in the preface to 214 A REGISTER OF THE ABBEY OF MILTON. the third volume of the Red Book of the Exchequer (pp. ccclvi.- ccclxv.) edited by Mr. Hubert Hall. The present list is very extensive and the explanations more detailed than is often the case : but the text is here and there corrupt and some of the translations consequently doubtful. The marginal note appears to be inaccurate : there is no evidence that all these terms have any relation to the charters relating to this church. Athelstan's charter contains none of the terms in this list, while Henry's charter gives only about half-a-dozen of these and some others not in the list. The grant of Henry VIII. to Tregomvell (see Hutchins) gives more of those in the list and others not there. No Milton document that I have seen corresponds with this list, which is probably compiled from the charters of many manors by way of a general dictionary and copied for that purpose at Milton. Dugdale gives two other documents as coming from the Milton registers, namely — (i) another and more rational account of Athelstan's exploits and the foundation of the Abbey, and (2) a copy of the charter of Henry I. confirming and containing a Latin translation of Athelstan's Saxon charter. James has not copied these two, and Dugdale has not copied any of James' extracts except the first. The extracts, of which a summary is given, appear to relate mainly to Kent and Kentish affairs ; the insertion of these in a Milton register is not intelligible. They may belong to Langdon. B. F. L. Lincoln 's Inn, Sept., igog. gnfertm Report on t gb-ccxtxttioits af ^laumBuvi) Dorchester, 1909. H. Colley March, John E. Aclaud, . J. G. X. Clift R. H. Forster C. E. Keyser,F.S A. R. E. Leader X. M. Richardson H. Peutin G. R. Elwes H. Pouncy Committee : M.D., F.S.A., Chairman. Hon. See., Dorset County Museum, Dorchester. W. Miles Barnes Representing the. British Archaoloyical Association. Representing the Donet Field Club. H. B. Middleton Alfred Pope, F.S.A. C. S. Prideaux W. de C. Prideaux C. W. Whistler JHHE Committee have much pleasure in presenting the report for the year 1909, written by Mr. St. George Gray, who (as in 1908) directed the investigations. He has recorded all the details of the work with great accuracy, and has taken many excellent photographs, which are left in charge of the Hon. Secretary at the Dorset County Museum. The excavations lasted from 3oth August to 2ist September, the results being most satisfactory, since many new and interesting facts were brought to light, which will have 2l6 EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. an important bearing on the solution of the problems with which we have yet to deal. The thanks of the Committee are due to the Town Council of Dorchester for the use of the hurdles placed round the cuttings, to Mr. Foot and Mr. Slade for the loan of implements and materials used during the work, to Messrs. Lott and Walne for the shepherd's hut, which proved of the greatest convenience as an office for Mr. Gray, and to Mr. Feacey for drawing-boards and other appliances. But we have especially to thank Mr. C. S. Prideaux, who not only lived on the ground and shared with Mr. Gray that constant supervision which is so necessary in work of this kind, but provided the tents and camping requisites at his own expense, and hospitably entertained many who came as visitors. The total receipts for the year, including the sale of last year's reports, were £67 os. 8d. and the total expenditure ,£57 is. The Society of Antiquaries of London, the British Archaeological Association, the Dorset Field Club, and the Dorset County Museum have all supported the work by contributing to the fund, thus showing in a practical manner their recognition ot the importance of the investigation. We are glad that the research was not pushed through and completed in a single season, because time has been obtained for the reception of many suggestions, as well as for the full consideration of not a few difficulties. We trust that funds will be forthcoming to enable us to continue the exploration for one year more that we may solve some serious archaeological questions that still remain before us. Sttjncd on behalf of the Committee, H. COLLEY MARCH, Chairman, •10(h November, 1909. EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. 217 SHORT REPORT ON THE EXCAVATIONS OF 19O9. By H. ST. GEORGE GRAY. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES ACCOMPANYING THIS REPORT : — PLATE I.— Photograph, taken from the east, of the western half of the northern entrance -way into the amphitheatre. The hewn chalk wall is seen to turn towards the west to form the wall of the arena, running parallel to which are two trenches excavated to show the position of the post-holes. In the foreground, the western group of stones. PLATE II.— Photograph, taken from the X.N.E., showing the excavation made down to the solid chalk through the embankment on the S.S.W. of "the Eings." The rectangular area in the foreground appears to be the den for impounding beasts. The pathway approaching it is 14ift. wide at its junction with the enclosure. The dark seam of mould indicates an old turf level of comparatively recent times. The rod is 10ft. high. I. — INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. Until last year the field-archaeologist had paid little attention to the examination of the Roman amphitheatres of Britain— a fact bewailed, among others, by the late Mr. Thos. Morgan, F.S.A., in his work on "Romano-British Mosaic Pavements." General Pitt-Rivers several years ago partly excavated a small earthwork of this class just outside the Romano-British village of Woodcuts.* The amphitheatre at Silchester, of which Hoare gives an effective drawing,! was untouched by the Society of Antiquaries of London in their thorough excavation of that * " Excavations in Cranborue Chase," I., 21. t " History of Ancient Wiltshire," II., Roman ^Era, PI. I., facing p. 57. 21 8 EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBCRY RINGS. Roman city owing to difficulties of ownership. The present year, however, has seen not only a continuation of operations at Maumbury Rings (from August 3oth to September 2ist, exclusive of filling in), but also some notable work at the amphitheatre, known as " King Arthur's Round Table," at Caerleon, by the Liverpool Committee for Research in Wales — excavations which have already produced several features of interest, including a centurial stone built into the arena wall ; and the writer has had the privilege of excavating the so-called "amphitheatre" at Charterhouse-on-Mendip on behalf of the Somersetshire Archae- ological and Natural History Society.* Before proceeding to give a summary of the work completed at Maumbury this year I wish to point out, as director of the excavations, that without the assistance, support, and counsel of the chairman and members of the sub-committee and others, the amount of work completed — its thorough record, the supervision of an increased number of workmen, and the general organisa- tion such detailed work involves — would have been an impossible task for me, considering the space of time at our disposal for the carrying out of this, the second series of excavations. It will not, I am sure, be regarded as invidious if the names of Captain Acland and Mr. C. S. Prideaux are mentioned here. My personal thanks are due to both of them, not only for their untiring energy and assiduity, but for the time and enthusiasm which so clearly marked their keen interest in the daily develop- ment of the work. Many antiquaries and others have expressed a wish that the excavations might be left open for some time, as at Avebury, so that they might afford an object lesson to the many visitors anxious to study the structure of the place. The committee, however, was under a promise to disfigure the grass-clad slopes as little as possible— a stipulation which will be better understood when it is stated that the Corporation of Dorchester rents the * Described in the Tfocccdbujn of that Society, Vol. LV., 1909, with contoured plan, sectional diagrams, aud other illustrations. EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. 2tg amphitheatre from the Duchy of Cornwall for the use of the general public. The season's work has been most satisfactory ; but at the same time it should be borne in mind that, although the ladder of knowledge in respect to the former condition of Maumbury is gradually being ascended, there is yet much to be done before the problems which present themselves as the work progresses can be solved, before the many theories advanced by those competent to raise them can be accepted or refuted, and before the actual purpose of several of the structural details can be elucidated beyond doubt or cavil. II.— CUTTING XII., N.N.E. ENTRANCE (PLATE I.). "We marked out for excavation on the western side of the northern entrance a plot of ground which at the close of the excavations had been extended to an irregular area, measuring aoft. on the E., ayft. on the N., 34-|ft. on the W., and 4o|ft. on the S., which exposed a large part of the entrance on the western side and the commencement of the actual arena. In many respects the structural details revealed were a counterpart of those found on the E. side of the entrance-way in 1908, but the W. side was in better preservation. The two seasons' work showed that the entrance had been hollowed out of the solid chalk to a width of about 2i^ft. and levelled, the floor being at an average depth of 6' 5ft. below the present surface. The original level of the solid chalk in this part was probably at a slightly higher level than the present turf-clad surface. This year the side wall of solid chalk was found to correspond to that uncovered in the eastern entrance cutting in 1908. As anticipated, it was found to round off to form the wall and podium* of the western half of the arena. The height of this wall above the chalk floor averaged 6ft., and on its top a * The name podium was sometimes also applied to the wall itself. 220 EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. hollowed pathway of concave section, much better defined than that found on the other side last year, was cleared. It probably served as a track, by means of which spectators obtained access to their places in the cavea on the W. bank. The upper margin of the pathway was 5'sft. wide at its termination at the entrance, diminishing in width and depth towards the W., the S. margin disappearing altogether before the W. margin of the excavation was reached. Digging near the base of the solid chalk arena wall, nine post- holes were revealed about 3'sft. apart, extending for a length of 27ft. It was found that a trench, larger at the E. than the \V., but averaging i'25ft. wide at the top and i'7sft. deep in the solid chalk, had been cut out at the foot of the arena wall for the reception of these posts, which were fixed into position by ramming chalk round them. It is believed that the posts carried a wooden barrier, or palisading, to protect the wall from climatical changes. All, or nearly all, these post-holes, No. xxiv. to No. xxxii., penetrated the solid chalk at the bottom of the trench to the extent of from 3in. to Sin. They averaged 9in. square, their exact size being shown on the plan. These post-holes contained no relics worthy of mention. The position of four other post- holes was located, No. xxiii. at the angle of the boundary wall, and Nos. xx., xxi., and xxii. to the N.N.E. of No. xxiii., all near the foot of the wall. Nos. xx. and xxi. were first noticed at a depth of 3 '8ft. from the surface, and they did not penetrate the level of the chalk floor, so that these posts must have been in position when the wall was permitted to scale and the entrance to fill up with chalk rubble, above which mould accumulated subsequently. In the N.N.E. part of the cutting, close up to the chalk wall, a large hole, " J," 6ft. by sft., was found to penetrate the floor of the entrance-way to a depth of 3'2ft. ; the bottom was about 3'2ft. in diameter. No relics were found in it, and it had, no doubt, been excavated for the reception of a post (No. xxii.), round which loose chalk was rammed. EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. 221 Post-hole xxiii. occupied a similar position in an oval hole " K," situated close against the angle of the wall. This hole was 3* i ft. deep below the chalk floor, its upper margin measuring 4* 5ft. by 4ft. Between these two large holes was a smaller one, "A," of a flattened oval outline. It had almost vertical sides, clean cut and smooth; depth ift. below the floor. A similar hole, " B," was uncovered several feet to the S. At about 2' 5ft. to the S. of the trench, at the foot of the arena wall and running parallel to it, an inner trench cut in the solid chalk, about 2ft. wide at the top, was clearly traced extending from the W.S.W. margin of the cutting to a large circular pit (Hole "C") with smooth sloping sides, which averaged 3'9ft. in diameter at the top, and was 3*1 ft. deep below the chalk floor. A wooden post had been placed in it excentrically and rammed round with loose chalk for support. In this post-hole (Xo. xxxiii.) one or two bits of iron were found. A pit corresponding to Hole "C " was found in 1908 in the eastern part of the entrance, containing post-hole ix., also excentric. This pair of circular pits was found to be connected by a shallow gutter, averaging o'5ft. wide. They were different in character from any of the other holes uncovered ; hence it has been thought possible that they are of earlier date than the other holes now associated with them, and that at the time of the construction of the Roman amphitheatre they were utilised for the purpose of erecting posts. \\'e must now revert to the inner trench divided from the outer trench at the foot of the arena wall by an almost level passage continuous with the entrance-way. Along the X. side of this trench there was a step or ledge ; at its E. end, near Hole " C," the X. margin of the trench was broken, or notched, by the formation of Hole " D." It contained post-hole xxxiv., in which a spike-nail, yjin. long, several smaller iron nails with wood adhering to them, and some tiny fragments of wood (all unidenti- fiable) were found. Other holes, "E," "F," " G," and " H," were found in the line of this inner trench at irregular intervals, the details of 222 EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. which cannot be given here. On the S. edge of the trench, quite on the margin of the digging, a curious hole, " L," was discovered. It was found to be of sexagonal form, its N. side being open to the trench. It was 2'25ft. deep below the chalk floor, and averaged i'8ft. across at top and r4ft. at bottom. Round the sides of the hole large lumps of chalk were placed, the filling in the middle being much finer. Above it a consider- able number of large nodules of flint were observed. Near the top of the hole an iron nail and a piece of rim of Romano-British pottery were found. Its purpose is not known. The inner trench appeared to mark the outline of foundations for an inner barrier to the arena, over which the besliarii and others engaged in the sports and combats when hard pressed by the beasts could jump and secrete themselves without distur- bance of the spectators.* Such a barrier is erected in Continental amphitheatres at the present time when they are used for bull fights. The existence of an inner barrier, together with the discovery of a pound, presumably for beasts (to be described later), leaves no doubt in our minds that wild animals were brought to the amphitheatre for the entertainment of the audience. The relics collected from this excavation (Cutting XII.) consisted for the most part of common pottery and objects of the Roman period. They include a " third brass " Roman coin, defaced, but probably of Constantius II. (struck before A.D. 350), depth 3'8ft. ; a bronze nail, flat-headed, depth 4'zft. ; an English counter of bronze of the XIV. Century, found at a depth of only 2ft. ; handle of a bronze spoon ; a small flat pebble, perhaps a counter or draughtsman, depth 4' 3 ft. ; a small carnelian bead, figured on p. 229, No. 91 ; a flint hammer-stone, * We read of the infuriated bent'uc attempting to break through the railings, chtthri, by which they were separated from the spectators. To guard against this danger Julius Caesar surrounded the arena of the amphitheatre with trenches, eiiripi. EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. 223 depth 5ft.; a small piece apparently of jasper*; several iron nails, found below a depth of 4ft. ; and a considerable quantity of Roman and Romano-British potter}-, including red Samian ware, some of which was found on the floor or close to it ; also several pieces of red tile, from 3ft. to the bottom. Perhaps the most interesting object found in this excavation was a bronze seal-box, the hinge remaining, the lid missing, found at a depth of 5'sft. (figured on p. 229, No. 77). The receptacle, or box, for the wax is circular, with a little slot, or notch, for the passage of a string on each side ; the bottom of the box is perforated with three round holes for attachment. Until recently these objects were supposed to be vinaigrettes, but their precise use is illustrated in the British Museum, f Similar boxes were found at Hod Hill, and one is known from Portland. III. — GROUP OF STONES, CUTTING XII. (See Illustration on p. 225 and position in Plate /.) This mutilated heap of slabs of Purbeck limestone was similar to the group of stones discovered on the P^. side of the entrance in 1908. Their centres were 9'sft. apart. That found this year was about 5'5ft. from the W. wall, whereas the other was gft. from the E. wall, the intervening space being occupied by a trench, in which were post-holes, and another trench parallel to it. *Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne, oT.G.S., has seen this fragment and writes that "it is probably a bit of the juxptdcoitx chert which occurs in the Selbornian Sands of the Haldon Hills — the so-called 'Upper Greensaiid.' I know of no other red jasper either in Dorset, Devon, or Somerset ; but the opaque red chert which is found on the N. side of Great Haldoii is very like it. Your pebble may have travelled into Dorset during early Eocene times down a river valley, for Eocene gravels containing Devonshire rocks do occur near Dorchester." Dr. H. Colley March. F.S.A., writes: "Red jasper occurs in the gravels of Blackdown, Dorset. I possess several cuboidal pieces of this kind of jasper, more than l^in. across the surfaces, that I found there." t " Guide to Greek and Roman Life," Brit. Mus., 1908, pp. 167-8. 224 EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. The heap of stones, Group II., was about 2'45ft. high above the chalk floor, and consisted of about twenty large and small slabs set irregularly in rich brown mould, which in places appeared to contain decayed traces of mortar. One of the larger stones, which was a worked one, had mortar adhering in patches to both faces. The other pieces of stone measured from 3 Jin. to 1 3 Jin. across. Towards the base of the heap about four nodules of flint, averaging 5^in. long, were found. Under this group of stones and about 2in. above the floor was a thin seam of marly soil, which extended towards the E.S.E. and S. as far as the first heap of stones and under it. Patches of a ferruginous sandy loam were also observed under Group II. When the heap was removed it was found to stand in a slight depression in the chalk floor, about yin. deep on the N. and E., but on the S. and S.W. there was no perceptible hollow, but a slight line scored circularly, showing that a mark 2ft. in diameter had been made to indicate the position in which the heap was to be placed. A similar mark and depression was discovered last year under Group I. In removing Group II. the following objects were found : — Piece of the base of a pot of hard New Forest ware, three bits of brown Romano-British potter}', parts of five iron nails, and thirteen flint flakes. It has been suggested that the two groups of stones may have supported in one case a figure of Victory, or Nike, holding a wreath, and in the other Mercury or Hermes, winged and holding a wreath and palm branch,* and perhaps having sandals with wings at the ankles. Near the top of Group II. and on the S. side was a slab of stone, about i^in. thick, scored rather faintly with a chequered design, as if intended originally for a draught-board. It is figured in the accompanying illustration, ~0 scale linear. The * On this point see a coloured reproduction of a painting in the amphitheatre at Pompeii, Potnpeiana, Sir Wm. Gell, 18o2, 3rd edition, p. 19J, EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. 225 FlC.I. 6.3. 1909. Fig. 1. Mutilated Group of Stones in the Entrance -way, 1909 ; drawn from the S.W. Fig. '2. Slab of Stone, faintly scored with lines ; presumably a Roman Draught-board. Its position in the group of stones is marked by a cross in Fig. 1. (Scale of Fig. 2, 2-lQths linear.) 226 EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. squares, having sides averaging |in., are roughly scored without ruling. There are remains of ten rows in both directions ; about 95 complete squares and parts remain. In 1907 a complete stone draught-board was found at Corbridge (Corsfopitum\ The squares are seven on the longer and eight on the shorter side. With it were found some turned bone draughtsmen. In 1908 a piece of a "board" of better workmanship was found there, the lines being ruled. In the Museum at Chesters is a draught-board found at Cilurnum. In this example there are 68 squares and parts of squares remaining ; nine incomplete rows in both directions. The modern draught- board has 64 squares, eight rows in each direction. IV. — CUTTINGS XIII. AND XIV., ARENA. These are situated on the long axis of " the Rings " to the S. of the central picket, each measuring loft, by 4ft., and were excavated in continuation of the series of arena cuttings made last year, to prove the existence of a level arena floor cut out of the solid chalk rock. This floor was found to maintain the same level from the N.N.E. entrance to the S.S.W. limit of the arena. It was covered with the gravelly substance, or " shingle," mentioned in greater detail in last year's report ; in places worms had carried this substance up to a considerable height above the floor. Cutting XIV. revealed a well-preserved patch of the arena floor, which was photographed. On it were found a piece of red tile, a flat bit of corroded iron, and an ornamented fragment of hard New Forest ware. V. — CUTTING XV., THROUGH THE S.S.W. EMBANKMENT. (See Plate II.} Perhaps the most important digging carried out this year was the large cutting made through the embankment on the S.S.W., on the line of the long axis of " the Rings " — an area which has EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. 227 been the subject of so much speculation and discussion. In this part, as it appears at the present day, the basal width of the encircling bank is greatly diminished, and it is ascended from the arena by a much less steep and longer slope than elsewhere. Indeed, the slope up to the crest here is gradual from the middle of the arena, the steepness increasing somewhat towards the top, the general outline and appearance strongly suggesting that it must have been formed by the " tipping " of quantities of material into the arena from above. The lower part of this slope is bounded on either side by the termination of the tapering ends of the E. and W. inner "terraces" (which, from the excavation made into the western one in 1908, appeared to be of XVII. Century date). On still higher ground the slope is bounded on either side by the steeper bank of the original vallum rounding off towards the south. The crest of the slope is represented by a narrow ridge, forming an enlargement of the original vallum, curving outwards towards the south, which in regard to height is continuous with the crest of the great vallum on either side, being about 25^1. above the turf in the middle of the arena. The precise purpose for which the slope was raised may never be known exactly ; but the popular tradition that this secondary earthwork was thrown up during the Civil Wars (perhaps for running up guns) when the position was used as a fort * and garrisoned on behalf of the Parliamentary forces to oppose the Earl of Carnarvon's advance from Weymouth, is probably the correct one. The results of this year's excavation in our opinion confirmed this popular explanation. Up the slope and over the bank, a cutting (No. XV.), 96ft. long and yft. wide (3'5ft. on either side of the long axis), was marked out for excavation. At the north * " A Survey of the Prebend Parsonage and Manor of Ffordington, Oct., 1649," makes mention of "Ye Fort called Mainbry." Several forts are mentioned as having been prepared at Dorchester between July 20, 1642, and June 3, 1643, including " works at the north gate, at the priory, and at JfatttH&ttry." including 228 EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. within the arena the solid chalk, i.e., the level of the arena floor, was reached at a depth of 8'5ft. from the surface, and this level was traced southwards towards the embankment for a distance of zo'jft. At this point, on the line of section, a transverse chalk wall, nearly vertical and 3'sft. high, was met with. To this wall we shall revert in the next chapter. From its top the excavated solid chalk was followed southward, rising gradually at an angle of about 1 6° for a distance of 34ft. (horizontal measurement), and therefrom almost level to the end of the cutting on the S.S.W., — the highest point of the solid chalk (apparently the natural level of the rock chalk) being reached at a depth of i3'3ft. below the crest of the bank. Throughout the length of this cutting, at a higher level than the solid chalk, rising at an angle of only 8° in the N. half, then changing to an angle of 4°, and finally level to the end of the cutting, a most distinct seam of rich dark mould (clearly seen in the photograph, Plate II.), o'6ft. thick, occurred, on and in which large quantities of XVII. Century glazed shards of pottery (including several of the " Bellarmine " type) were found, whereas between it and the solid chalk slope beneath nothing but relics of the Roman period were discovered. Besides the earthenware recovered from the seam of dark mould, which doubtless represented an old turf line, a XVII. Century knife (No. 82) was found and part of the handle of another (No. 125), both handles being of bone and ornamented with the dot-and-circle pattern ; also two pieces of a brass thimble. The relics found between the dark seam and the chalk slope below included nothing of post-Roman date. The most interest- ing " finds " were : — A " third brass " coin of the Constantine period, struck about A.D. 335 ; an antler of a slain red-deer, apparently the remains of a pick ; and a penannular brooch of bronze, figured in the accompanying illustration (No. 98). The pick was found in the chalk rubble (ift. above the solid chalk) which had accumulated just after the disuse of the place in Roman times. It is similar to those found in the prehistoric EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. 229 shafts at Maumbury, and it may have been displaced from the top of one of them about the time it became deposited where now found. On the other hand there is no reason why it should not be of Roman date, such implements having been previously discovered with Roman remains (Dorchester, Woodyates, * &c.). OBJECTS FOUND AT MAUMBURY RINGS, 1909. 77. Bronze Seal-box. 91. Carnelian Bead. 98. Penannular Brooch of Bronze. 157. " Second Brass " Coin of Hadrian. (All full size.} The brooch has an arched pin, and the terminals are doubled back and ribbed in a manner common in Dorset and the south- west. It was found on the solid chalk slope ; close to it were fragments of Romano-British pottery, a number of flint flakes, burnt flints, &c. Similar brooches f of the Roman period * " Excavations in Cranborne Chase," III.. 135. t This type of brooch, together with its' distribution, will be dealt with by the writer in the forthcoming monograph on the Glastoubury Lake Village. ijO EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. have been found in Dorset at Hod Hill, * Shapwick, * Long- bredy, f Charlton Marshall, f Somerleigh Court (Dorchester), f Woodcuts, j Wor Barrow (Handley), J &c. It is evident, then, that the dark seam represented a turf-clad surface in the earlier part of the XVII. Century, and perhaps for some time previously. At the period of the Civil Wars this old turf line, having only a slight inclination (as above described), appears to have been covered up, the embankment here being raised to a steeper incline of 11°, which towards the crest increased to an angle of 19°. This thrown-up material of recent date consisted of chalk with occasional irregular seams of finer mixed mould and chalk. Very little pottery was found in it — indeed only the few shards that happened to be mixed up with the rubble. Some of the material may have been carted, but the probability is that the original vallum on either side was mutilated for the purpose of its construction. Minor structural details in connection with this part of Cutting XV. cannot be dealt with here. VI. — SQUARE ENCLOSURE AT THE N. END OF CUTTING XV. (Plate II.} As previously mentioned, the level of the arena floor was reached in excavating the y-ft. cutting at the N. end, and the S. end of this floor terminated in a nearly vertical transverse wall of chalk. The floor was found to be bounded also on the E. by a side wall of solid chalk. It being necessary to follow these walls, the main cutting was widened, chiefly on the W. side, to the extent of 21 ft. before the structure of this area was fully understood. * Burden Collection, Brit. Mus. There are about two dozen penaimular brooches from Hod Hill. t In the Dorset County Museum. % In the Pitt-Rivers Museum, Farnham, Doreet. EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. 231 In uncovering the solid chalk incline further to the S., a sloping wall carefully hewn out of the virgin chalk was revealed for a distance of some 35ft. from the transverse wall (seen clearly in the photograph, Plate II.). The existence of this wall and the fact that the slope was somewhat concave induced us to considerably extend the cutting westwards, and we were rewarded by finding a corresponding wall forming the western boundary of the slightly concave pathway, to follow which a special subsidiary cutting was made to save labour as the track widened, as seen in Plate II. This gangway averaged from wall to wall i aft. wide, enlarging to 14* sft. at its northern termination, where the transverse wall dipped down at a sharp angle to the level of the arena floor, 3'5ft. below. In Plate II. it will be seen that the lo-ft. rod is leaning against a large block of the untouched material resting on the pathway, which, although a disfigurement to the photograph, would have entailed much labour had it been removed. The transverse wall and the northern continuation of the boundary walls of the pathway were carefully followed,* resulting in the discovery of a large quadrangular area recessed into the solid chalk of the arena boundary, and outlined by high walls of rock chalk on the S., E., and W., the N. end being open towards the arena, the space enclosed, not truly square, measuring about i3'5ft. from N. to S. and xysft. from E. to W. There is every reason to regard this area as the den (cavea f) for impounding the bestice \ during the performances when not required for actual exhibitions and combat, the walled pathway to the south evidently being the track by which the animals were brought into it from outside the amphitheatre. * The stratification of the chalk dipped to S.S.E. t According to Lucius. J The more savage beasts were slain by the be&tiarii in the amphitheatre, and not in the circus. The number of animals sometimes slaughtered seems almost incredible. :. 232 EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. The eastern wall of the den, measuring i2'5ft. long was very regular ; at the N. corner it rounded towards the E. to form the arena wall, at the base of which two post-holes were uncovered, both containing traces of wood* and one a piece of iron. The western wall was less regular ; it made a similar turn to continue as the arena wall to the W., one post-hole being found at the foot of the arena wall as far as the excavation was carried. Not far to the E., but quite clear of the wall, two other holes were disclosed, one of D-section, the other smaller and circular (the first circular hole yet found). A thick patch of soft chalk plaster was discovered adhering to the top of the roughly-hewn wall at the N.W. corner, as if intended to fill a weak spot in the chalk. The " shingle " found so commonly on the floor in the arena cuttings was equally abundant here. The solid floor of the den was covered, especially in the W. half, by compact puddled chalk, probably the result of the trampling of animals. The large number of fragments of red tile and a few slabs of Purbeck limestone found on and near the floor suggested the former existence of a roof here, but no evidence in the way of a supporting framework was brought to light. The relics found in the den were not of great interest. Much Roman potter}-, however, was found at depths of from 3ft. to the bottom, including red Samian, a large piece of an amphora, and a potterjr disc not perforated. Iron nails and fragments of iron, including a ring, were also numerous at all levels, and on the floor a spike-nail, 4! in. long, with traces of wood adhering to it, and a hob-nail, together with a piece of wood identified as oak.f A well patinated pin of a penannular brooch was found near the bottom at a depth of 9ft. * Mr. Clement Reid, F.R.S., was unable to identify this wood owing to its very decayed condition. t This was also examined by Mr. Reid, who observed that it was curious that hardly any wood other than oak turned up in Roman sites. EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. 233 Four Roman coins were found in the filling of the den, viz., a dupondius of Hadrian, A.D. 119-138, found at a depth of 8'3ft. (figured on p. 229, no. 157); and three "third brass" coins of Constantine the Great, one being of Constantinopolis, struck A.D. 336-7; another struck in Siscia ; the third struck circa A.D. 333. All were below a depth of 5ft. Numerous flint flakes were unearthed in the lower deposits. In one place close against the southern boundary wall of the den a deposit, about I'sft. square, was found, consisting of small flint flakes, a flint core, land shells, fine mould, &c. One of the results of these explorations has been the deter- mination of the diameter, or length, of the arena on the long axis, N.N.E. to S.S.W. ; from the rounding off of the walls of the northern entrance-way to the most southerly point, excluding the floor of the den, the distance measures 1 96ft. VII. — PREHISTORIC PITS, Nos. II. AND III., CUTTING XV. The northern part of Cutting XV. extended about 7ft. beyond the N.W. and N.E. comers of the Den, and this part was cleared to trace the level of the solid floor of the arena. Instead of hard floor, loose chalk rubble was met with across the whole width of the cutting. Attention was first paid to the N.E. part of this area ; it was here that the spike-nail, previously mentioned, was found, and in this position also a seam of coarse quartz sand, about 2ins. thick, was observed. Beneath this the rubble was stained, probably as the result of water percolating through the sand and carrying a ferruginous stain with it. The removal of more chalk rubble soon revealed the S., S.E. and S.W. margin of a pit having an almost vertical face. In such cramped space it was not safe to carry the digging to a greater depth than itft. from the surface, at which level a fine specimen of a double -pointed antler pick was recovered. On the western side of the cutting another soft place was found, and the upper margin of what appeared to be another 234 EXCAVATIONS AT ICAUMBttttY RINGS. prehistoric shaft, presumably of Neolithic date and of the character of the great pit found last year, was traced along its southern side. In removing the filling (chalk rubble) to a depth of 1 1 '4ft. from the surface, no less than four implements of red- deer antler were found, all within an area represented by a length of 5* 5ft. There were two picks and two worked antlers which may have been used as levers or wedges. All show signs of considerable use, and two bear evidence of fire. These pits appeared to be connected by a ledge of solid chalk. They await future examination, being on the margin of this season's work. VIII. — ANIMAL REMAINS AND SHELLS. As last year Mr. E. T. Newton, F.R.S., has kindly examined some of the animal remains collected from important positions in the excavations. The following animals were represented : — Ox (? Bos longifrons], sheep or goat, red-deer (Cerz'us elaphus), deer of a smaller form, pig (Sus scrofd], horse ? (small, may be pony or donkey), dog (Cam's familiaris), and fox (Cam's vulpes). Messrs. John W. Taylor and W. Denison Roebuck, of Leeds, have kindly examined the shells found at Maumbury this season. There are seven species. One, the common cockle (Cardium edule), is marine. The others are land mollusca of species now living plentifully in the district. Helicella tiala, of which there are numerous examples, abounds on dry grassy fields on the chalk. The other five are what may be considered as forms frequenting the vicinity -of human habitations. The largest is Helix aspersa in four varietal forms, and it is interesting to note how well some of them have preserved in part their original appearance. So with the numerous examples of H. nemoralis, some of which show faint traces of the yellow ground colour. Two examples of the closely-allied H. hortensis are included, and a great many of Hygromia hispida, of a remarkably small size and flat, narrowly-umbilicated and probably nearly hairless form, this EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY RINGS. 235 species being one that inhabits waste ground. Of the smaller species, there is but a single example of Hyalinia alliaria, the Garlic Snail, which when alive is translucent and horny brown. The present work has emphasized the desirability and importance of a continuance of the exploration next year. A large amount of my time was spent in preparation of scale -plans and sectional diagrams of every piece of ground opened, and, needless to say, a large series of photographs was secured. To the Rev. C. W. Whistler I am indebted for the drawing of certain structural details. The drawings and plans of the entrance -cuttings on the N.N.E., now connected with those made in 190S, form a valuable record of all the details of structure so far known, but as the area already excavated in this part is bounded very nearly on every side by walls of solid chalk — at the foot of which post-holes occur— small smooth-sided pits, trenches, &c., the extension of these cuttings is absolutely necessary before the full significance of many small items which go to make up the whole construction of the northern entrance -way can be fully understood. The same remarks apply to the large cutting already made on "the south side of the Rings. A fuller report of the 1908-9 work will be published in conjunction with future work, together with a number of illustrations. This report contains com- paratively brief accounts of the various cuttings made, and the opinions expressed may require some modification as the work proceeds. The conclusions are put forth with a full sense of their tentative character, as they are based largely upon the interpretation of sporadic sections ; and it is probable that the continuation of the excavations will bring forth much fresh evidence, and will undoubtedly enlarge our knowledge very considerably. ON SOME RELICS OF KING CHARLES I., NOW IN THE POSSESSION OF MAJOR J. BENETT-STANFORD, OF HATCH HOUSE, TISBURY. (See p. xxxti.J JTJHE history of the letters is as follows: —In the year 1875 my father was destroying a lot of old documents that belonged to his grandfather and were of no particular interest ; whilst burning them he came across a packet having written in the corner of it the words Charles Rex. On opening this packet he found that it contained a large number of letters from the King to Prince Rupert, from Prince Rupert to the King, and also from many leading Cavaliers, such as Lord Grandison, Lord Loughborough, Lord Derby, the Duke of Richmond, Sir Arthur Ashton, the Earl of Huntingdon, Sir Wm. Vavasour, the Duke of Newcastle, Sir Jacob Astley, Lord Ethyn, and others addressed to the Prince, and many replies of his to them. These came into our family through my ancestor, Colonel Bennett, son of Thomas Bennett, of Pyt House, M.P. for Shaftesbury, secretary to Prince Rupert all through the war. He afterwards represented Shaftesbury in Parliament for some 25 years, obtaining the name whilst so doing of " Honest Tom Bennett." CAST OF THE FACE OF KING CHARLES I. NOW IN THE POSSESSION OF MAJOR J. BENETT-STANFORD. GLOVES WORN ON THE SCAFFOLD BY KING CHARLES K AUTOGRAPH LETTER OF KING CHARLES TO PRINCE RUPERT. V .5- .-*C I Jr NOTES ON SOME RELICS OF KING CHARLES I. 237 I may mention here that the spelling of Benett in the old days seems to have been very erratic. I have one letter dated 1643, the address being "JOHN BENNETT, Pyt House, near Shaftes- bury." The first words in the letter are "Dear Brother BENETT," and the signature is spelt BENET. The gloves belonged to the Seymers, of Handford, near Blandford, and were presented by His Majesty on the scaffold to Bishop Juxon, who accompanied the King from St. James' Palace to Whitehall. Bishop Juxon's only daughter married a Seymer, of Handford, in whose possession the gloves have been until a few years ago. In the year 1884 my father exchanged with Mrs. Gertrude Clay-Ker-Seymer a letter and a picture of His Majesty by Vandyke for a glove, and about eighteen months ago I purchased the second glove from that lady. The cast of the King's head came into my father's family through the Fanes, and is one of the five that were taken shortly before the burial at Windsor Castle ; Mildmay, Earl of Westmore- land, being its lucky recipient. Report on i$ s; of 35ir6s, gtirsf glowering of IN DORSET DURING 1908 , &c., cm6 (J. R.) By NELSON M. RICHARDSON, B.A. JHHE names of those who have this year sent in returns are as follows ; they are denoted in the Report by initials : — (N. M. R.) Nelson M. Richardson, Monte- video, near Weymouth. (E. R. B.) Eustace R. Bankes, Norden, Corfe Castle. (E. S. R.) E. S. Rodd, Chardstock House, Chard. (W.H. D.) Rev. W. Hughes D'Aeth, Buckhorn Weston Rectory, Wincanton. Rev. J. Ridley, Pulham Rectory. (G. R. P.) Gerald R. Peck, Darenth, Parkstone. (S. E. V. F.) Rev. S. E. V. Filleul, All Saints' Rectory, Dor- chester. (E. F. L.) Rev. E. F. Linton, Edmondsham Rectory, Salisbury. FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 239 (J. M. J. F.) Rev. J. M. J. Fletcher, The Vicarage, Wimborne Minster. (E. E. W.) Miss Ellen E. Woodhouse, Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester. Miss Woodhouse is a new contributor from a new locality, and sends a very full botanical list, as well as other records. Single notes from other observers will be acknowledged under their records. NOTES ON RARE AND OTHER BIRDS IN 1908. GOLDEN EAGLE (Aquila chrysaetus, L.). — The following note is taken from the Morning Post of February 4, 1908 : — " An eagle described as a Golden Eagle has been captured on Lord Wolverton's Iwerne Minster estate, Blandford. The bird, which is in the hands of a local taxidermist, measures 6ft. 9in. from tip to tip of the wings, and its plumage is in excellent condition." (E. R. B.) OSPREY (Pandion haliaetus, L.). — One was shot at Arne, Isle of Purbeck, by a Poole gunner, named Seaviour, in the end of January, 1908. (E. R. B.) ROUGH-LEGGED BUZZARD (Buteo lagopus, J. F. Gmelin). — On March 28, 1908, 1 had the pleasure of watching for some minutes on Middlebere Heath, near Corfe Castle, a Rough-legged Buzzard. When first observed it was flying quite low towards Mrs. Bankes and myself. Owing, doubtless, to our being on higher ground, it did not notice us until comparatively close, but, on doing so, it then slowly proceeded to ascend spirally until it was lost to view, having afforded us one of the grandest and most interesting spectacles in flight that can well be imagined. The identity of the individual in question was clearly established by the basal portion of the tail, which was distinctly seen to be white. From reports received from friends of similar large birds that they had seen I have no doubt that one or two Rough- legged Buzzards had been haunting the heaths near Wareham and Corfe Castle during the previous four months or so. It is worthy of mention that, as recorded in " The Zoologist," one 240 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. specimen was killed near Ringwood, in the adjoining county of Hampshire, on February 8, 1908, and two more were reported from other parts of the county at about the same time. (E. R. B.) PIED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa atricapilla, L.). — Mrs. Richard- son and I watched a male Pied Flycatcher in our vegetable garden for some time on April 28, and it continued there most of the morning. It was not at all shy, and took very little notice of our presence, and continued to flit about amongst the pea sticks after insects. On former occasions I have noticed that it is anything but a shy species, being almost as tame as a chaffinch. DIPPER (Cinclus aquaticus, Bechstein). — One was seen near Corfe Castle by Mr. Hugh M. Dodington on March 2, 1908. So far as I know, this is the first occasion on which this species has ever been observed in the Isle of Purbeck, and its occurrence here is of special interest as showing that, having firmly established itself in the neighbourhood of Wareham in the course of the last few years, it is now endeavouring to further extend its range in East Dorset. During the rest of the year I often visited the spot, where the bird had been observed, but failed to see anything of it either there or elsewhere. (E. R. B.) DARTFORD WARBLER (Melizophihts undatus, Bodd).— One seen near Poole Harbour April 18. (G. R. P.) On May 1 2 one was heard singing, watched, and examined through field glasses by my brother, Mr. A. E. Bankes, and myself on a heath near Corfe Castle. In contrast to the usual skulking habits of the species, this individual, when frightened at our near approach, time after time alighted on the topmost shoot of the tallest furze bush, and sat there until again alarmed. The late Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, in his " Birds of Dorset- shire," p. 29 (1888), expressed the fear that this interesting Warbler had been exterminated in Dorset by the severe winters of 1 880-8 1 and 1886-7, but> although reduced almost to the vanishing point by these and the intense frosts of 1895, it has fortunately survived, and seems to be slowly increasing in numbers, specimens having been occasionally seen of late years FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 241 by reliable ornithologists at Poole Sandbanks and on the Purbeck and Wareham heaths. RED-LEGGED PARTRIDGE (Caccalis rufa, L.). — These have been much more common in the Chard district for two or three seasons than formerly. (E. S. R.) In " Birds of Dorsetshire " (cir. 1888) Mr. Mansel-Pleydell says, "The Red-legged Partridge has failed to obtain a permanent footing in this county, occasional attempts to introduce it having proved unsuccessful." (N. M. R.) WHIMBREL (Nwnenius phceoptis, L.). — One seen on the shore of Poole Harbour April 2 8th. (G. R. P.) In " Birds of Dorsetshire " Mr. Mansel-Pleydell says that the local name for this bird is " Chickerel." This suggests a derivation for the name of the village, Chickerell, near Weymouth, in which I live, though I am not aware that the bird has been seen there of late years. (N. M. R.) GENERAL ZOOLOGICAL NOTES. GOOSEBERRY SAWFLY (Nematus grossularia) AND HOW TO COMBAT IT. — I have mentioned in previous volumes of "Pro- ceedings " how severely my gooseberry and currant bushes have during the last few years been attacked by this pest, and the ill- success that has attended the efforts to exterminate it by collecting the eggs and larvae by hand. It is, therefore, highly satisfactory to be able to report that a method of prevention, to which my attention was drawn as having been strongly advocated by a contributor to "The Field" newspaper in 1906, and which was tried in my garden this spring for the first time, yielded such excellent results that only a few larvae were found, instead of vast multitudes. The plan is to procure at the end of February some freshly-burned lime, and after slacking it with a small quantity of water, so that it falls into a dry and caustic powder, to spread a thin layer of it under each bush, so as to cover over the soil in a circle of about 2| feet in diameter. The lime should not be disturbed or dug into the soil before the following autumn or winter, and the object of the dressing evidently is to form a hard ?42 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. crust over the soil, so as to prevent the perfect insects emerging therefrom, and also to prevent the full-fed larvae from pupating therein, as they normally do. This being so, I prefer to cover over the whole of the ground beneath and between the bushes with lime, leaving no unprotected patches of soil at all. The correspondent who recommended this method stated that it had been in use in his garden over a period of forty years, and the Sawfly had never been noticed except when the lime dressing had, through inadvertence, not been applied. (E. R. B.) NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA. — Most of the attention that I was able to bestow on the Lepidoptera in 1908 was devoted to those of Invernesshire, whither I had gone to recruit my health, and hardly any to those of our own county, so I can venture no useful opinion about the season from my own experience, though, from the reports that reached me and my own scattered observations, it seems to have been a moderately good one for this order of insects, and the weather in our part of England was all that the collector's heart could desire. A few Dorset captures are worthy of special mention. On July 1 1 Mr. E. P. Reynolds captured a fine example of Hyloicus pinastri, L., at honeysuckle bloom at Branksome, and on the following day a nice specimen of Hyles euphorbia, L., was taken at Canford Cliffs, also near Poole, by Mr. W. G. Hooker, both species being new to the Dorset List. Two further interesting additions thereto were made by Mr. W. Parkinson Curtis, for he secured a full-fed larva of Apoda limacodes, Hfn., at Cranborne on September 28, and an imago, in fine condition, of Rhodophaa zellen, Rag. (tumidella, Zk.), at Bloxworth on July 4. It proved to be an exceptionally good year for Camptogramma fluviata, for whereas our county was only known to have yielded a total of four examples in the past, seventeen were captured, September 26 to October 31, at Parkstone, by Messrs. D. Hartley and Sydney T. Thorne, and I took one at Corfe Castle on October 4. As usual, I am greatly indebted to Mr. W. Parkinson Curtis for full information about his own captures, and also about others of special interest that have come to his knowledge. Through him FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 243 I am able to record Calocampa solidagims, Hb., as a Dorset insect, for it now transpires that four specimens were secured at sugar at Winfrith Newburgh, by Mr. Charles Capper in August, 1 904. Mr. Curtis received one of these from the captor and has most liberally added it to my collection. (E. R. B.) SHELLED SLUG (Testacella Maugei). — Rev. S. E. V. Filleul records this species as occasionally found in his garden at All Saints' Rectory, Dorchester. (N. M. R.) BOTANICAL NOTES. Rev. E. F. Linton calls attention to the fact that other species of scentless violets are often mistaken for Viola canina, the Dog Violet, and recorded in its place. With his concurrence I would suggest that the EARLIEST WILD SCENTLESS VIOLET seen in flower be recorded, with a note of the species, if this be known to the observer. It would, doubtless, belong to one of the three following common species : — (1) Viola silvestris (Wood Violet), usually the earliest, flowering in April or possibly March. (2) Viola Riviniana, flowering in April and on through May. (3) Viola canina (Dog Violet), flowering in May and June. (N. M. R.) FLOWERING TREES, &c. — A wonderful year for blossom, that of many trees and shrubs, such as apple, pear, plum (including damson, greengage, &c.), cherry, laburnum, broom, and gorse, being in remarkable profusion and very beautiful. (E. R. B.) SECOND BLOOM ON TREES AND SHRUBS. — A cold, late, and sunless spring was followed by an abnormally hot summer and autumn, which caused various trees and shrubs to produce a partial second bloom, and, in many cases, fresh foliage about November. On November 9 I came across, in one spot at Norden, a few blackthorn bushes with quite a nice show of blossom on them, in spite of the cold frosty weather then prevailing, and at the beginning of December various apple trees in the neighbourhood, including some of my own, were showing 244 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. a few newly-opened flowers. The laburnums in my garden put forth a second crop of leaves, but did not attempt to bloom again ; those, however, in Church Knowle churchyard on the south side of the Purbeck Hills were noted as being in fine flower on December 6 and later in the month, showing a good many flower sprays more or less covered with fresh blossoms. (E, R. B.) SECOND BLOOM ON PEAR TREES AND LILACS. — Pear trees often flower a little in the autumn, but this year at least three in my garden at Montevideo, Chickerell, were covered with flowers during part of October and November. Also some lilac bushes had numerous flowers, but the bunches were very much smaller than at the normal flowering. (N. M. R.) WINTER FLOWERING OF PLANTS. — Ragwort and Vetch in flower on December 5. Wild strawberries, daisies, dandelions, veronicas, and red campion in flower on December 22 at Pulham. (J. R.) NOTES ON WEATHER, &c. WEATHER IN CHARD DISTRICT. — The year 1908 began with snow and very hard frost. A remarkably quick thaw took place on Sunday night, January 5. There was skating on Sunday, and we hunted on Tuesday with no sign of frost in the ground. On Saturday, January 1 1, hard frost again. February and March very unsettled ; few weeks or days alike, snow, rain, thunder and lightning, gales, and frost coming in one week sometimes. A great year for fatal and bad hunting accidents. Sport unsettled and bad generally in most hunting counties with unsettled scent. March u, gales of wind S.W. and N.W. continue, and very cold. Very cold wind and frosts up to April j 5 ; season very back- ward. April 25, a remarkably late spring, caused chiefly by the extra- ordinary continuance for weeks of cold weather and N.E. winds. FIRST APPEARANCES OP BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 245 Easter, 1908, was one of the coldest Easter weeks known by the oldest people living. From April 12 to April 26 from five to ten degrees of frost was registered in this district. Snow fell on April 23, 24, and 25, and the ground was white with snow in Dorset and Hampshire and all over England and Europe. Great drought during June, and also in July and August. September was unsettled, cold, stormy, and wet. October was a remarkably fine, warm month ; sunshine and heat on many days. The winter continued fine and mild till December 24 (Christ- mas Eve), when the weather became very cold with a N.E. wind. On Sunday, December 27, we had a heavy fall of snow, which increased on the night of December 28 and 29 with a gale, and a heavy snowstorm, which drifted to 2ft. and 3ft. deep, on December 29, and the weather was very cold with sharp frosts. The year 1908 ended with mild weather, which suddenly came on the night of December 30, and the heavy fall of snow had nearly all gone by the evening of the last day of the year. (E. S. R.) PARKSTONE. — April 25, heavy snowstorm, wind N.N.W., snow 8Jin. deep. (G. R. P.) .CORFE CASTLE. — On April 25 the whole district was com- pletely covered with snow to the depth of some inches, even where no drifting had taken place, the actual fall being computed at i sin. (E. R. B.) PULHAM. — Very little thunder ; only one real storm on the night of May 3. Distant thunder heard on June 3, July 8 and 14, August 26, and November 13. Snow on April 20 and on April 24 a fall quite 2 in. deep. It has been a year of extremes — heat and cold, wet and drought. (J. R.) Lists of the dates of first appearances and first flowerings are appended : — Z4-<-» -tiKSl At-rZAKA JNCJia u* t 1K.JJS, 1INSJH c., 1907, but were cut by frost before the end of the ) Herb Robert in flower at .Swanape Ap. 8 (K. R. B.). d and withered ones, the earliest of which must have eviously, exceptionally cold. The plant was growing >hine in the course of the year. The normal flowering lanuarv (W. H. I>.\ (7) Vinla xiloextriK ill flower at •ok or more. (B. F. I,.). (10) Stitch wort in flower Kg O 1C O5 CO Ci •* t- (M O C*S O CO Tj r- S > cy 3 3 O «5rH OOO5 00 • *".£'•*> "^^ i-HOlcOrHinrHCOrH rH >>> ' • ' >**s 2 * p« A p« flj « ex cS o ~ ' c si si a i? rHrHtNrHrHfN^]^ " rH • •,CP.>,' ' • ' O • .Oc*^*— '^— •^*(-1 . fj . *^-;=€^']~?';~c3 p. — & J. R. Pulham. t~ CO CO 00 O S rH CO 00 CO tN rH £ £ ! £ ! 1 "§! " '5- K-2 •* oo oo 5J os ia rH 00 W SO "-1 Sr"5^^H^2 S **1 ^S S uC *"3 mill Sr^Sl-S r^h; ..... CO • ^ ^^ c L. First leaf. F. First flower. (1) Had been out some time when observed. (2) Hazel female flowers were out in De year and dead by Jan. 1 (N. M. R.). (3) Exceptional profusion of blossom (E. R. B.). (4 16) On Mar. 20 I found a Cowslip umbel bearing two open flowers and three completely dea opened some considerable time before, as the weather was, and had been for some time pr low down on a fully exposed hedgebank facing N.N.E., and can have had little, if any, sun began on Ap. 9 (K. K. B.). (8) Many plants of Herb Robert in flower in the first week of ?:a™"".!^'\\". A,p" T <•!'•; ?- I-)- (8) Well out on Ap. 9 (K. F. I,.). (9) Out for a w< S'l CO O ••* O •* •* d^ P. o. d o. «; I «_ (N ' ' 'II '4- 'III S I? K? r^l-Shs r, Dorset. IlJIIIltl^llfl 5-1 O nt~'ca:eM N rH rH> >j ® ^ t^ rHl«rHCOirtrHCO(M 1-H rH COrH IN rH tl C • • ° ' . .rjrijfc f •^ fc i-5 fe ,4 ^ ^ fa r3 fe _ _ J h — r" '.'.'.'.'.'. •a £ • , .i .« . fa O 2 ll" J-g fi a Elder Wild Teasel Devil's-bit Knapweed Field Thistle . Coltsfoot .. Yarrow . . Ox-eye Daisy Mouse-ear Hawk Harebell . . Greater Bindwee Water Mint Ground Ivy Wych Kim Hazel (Red Fema Cowslip . . Spotted Orchis . Bluebell.. FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 247 HI F. I non iam. fe >' 1 R. ani. . ° o >•<•* Ifi ft ft ft % S • U • ^ I O! 00 I-l • 00 O3 00 >. ,0 • • ::;.:. >»t; ^ : . : t . : : >. :>. o >> §1; S *s 5> * "-< ra po .S oooo T* d *• ' ft ' ft ' ' ft 5 a >>;:::,:::: : •::.::. '• '•>>'•' '• >« ~ S. 4* « do. o-S ft ft .rt FH >• ||a^ * S5§ *b^55'm D^S ^H^^^HrH 01 W (M^r-, r-^^^ £$£•%%%*-- Q ;5 PH 3-> eg S ,i „ fa^ ^ a ? *to -iS M ^'>,M 5? rs s ^i-c •^SS^ J.'i'| •§* ^-^ B ^"^ « O- •& X 1J U vr w 2-^§ 8 i = § ^«g2« ^-| .Z-^S ^5-g :^-j^ i^ 5i^ m S*^'? 55-ge! s s s * — r ^ ~~. ~^. 5^3 - *! 5 W KM K H f=0^ £ ^ i s • • O.O «' .o| , .-•„- - •« S S . ' -•>>>.. >.S>,.'S'.' Q s gss^l^ ^ ^ fl « .if..|M .-.*.. fc| s ^sss<2-=-; 5 5 pj ^ 1 r ^* r-^ ® '^>.»^ ?k.^^^*®®^» C |5^ ^^5S<«^2S^-=^<^ £ ;.~^Jf c .5 S 5 5 * - ./ T - - r .-T'^-y 6, ~~ - 'f2-~~_~~. ~ = C ^ >> 3 ^.5 •* tt"- .if - !- jl ~ 5 _c_ .j =: uo H t • ** cr •"• i= C£ •f. *~ •— " -- £ FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRt>S, INSECTS, ETC. 249 •SS"3&?'. g — jeinjBx o 0 = 2 ?s a «o *l = s ^ - i S • 0 01 >-" M 2 iS s c, "3 - " •< fe •s. ~ § • _N 0 | - £ B e Q S s 4B >, ^o < 1 | 0 S ^ U S) S ,§• "5. I . ** *» S ^- ^' ^ . _ . 0) ^: * ! 00 X • ^ g •jf |i J= _c B 1 ^4 ^ X ~ i_ ^3 --- • •*J •-] ' O s tt *, s f- - - _^ • £ a = O M — •^ X = J3 U 2 - .C = .:£ > 5 H = S 1- "5 i 1 S o c C s. | || 1 s | -- = — |j 5 si '= 1 _c •-. "^ | > u « ~ < N 3 = ~. I ^ sj J S H X s a CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. The nineteenth Congress of Archaeological Societies was held on July 8th last at London, Dr. C. H. Read, President of the Society of Antiquaries, being in the chair. The Congress was attended by delegates from the principal Archaeological Societies of Great Britain and Ireland, including the Dorset Field Club, which was represented by Mr. Nigel Bond, M.A. It was stated in the report that arrangements had been made by the Board of Agriculture by which opportunities for the inspection of the Ordnance Survey will be given at their offices, and it was resolved that the Board be asked to add to the facilities they were already offering to archaeologists, that of ready inspection of tithe and enclosure maps and other original maps and documents. The Chairman gave some details of the Commissions already granted for scheduling and preserving the ancient monuments of Scotland and Wales, and of the petition sent to the Prime Minister that a similar Commission might be appointed for England. Mr. E. A. Fry read a report from the committee for preparing a bibliography of printed calendars. This stated that the bibliography of Church bells had been completed by Mr. H. B. Walters, F.S.A., and that of Wills by himself ; that Mr. F. Bligh Bond had undertaken that of Church screens, and that he was himself at work on those of fines and inquisitions. Compilers are wanted for the subjects of chantries and church plate. Mr. A. G. Chater, the newly-elected secretary to the Earthworks Committee, presented a report, which will be printed and distributed. He announced that the important fortress, Maiden Castle, in Dorset, had now been transferred under the Ancient Monuments Act to the guardianship of the Commissioners of Works. Mr. C. S. Pndeaux's satisfactory investigation of a large barrow, or extensive burial place, at Portland in 1907 was mentioned with approval. On the motion of the Wiltshire Archaeological Society it was resolved : ' ' That, when it is proposed to conduct archaeological investigations in any locality, this Congress recommends that formal notice should be given by those so proposing to the Archaeological Society within whose area such investigations are to be con- ducted." Mr. Willis-Bund read a paper "On the importance of calendaring and preserving Church Plate and Furniture." In this he drew attention to the law regulating transactions in Church property and advocated the formation of exact inventories of all furniture, books, plate, &c., which should be signed by each new incumbent and checked at the Archdeacon's visitations. He also suggested CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. 251 the appointment by the Congress of a committee to draw up a model inventory. The following resolution was adopted : — " That this Congress, having had its attention drawn to the proposed sale to collectors of various chalices and altar plate, records its opinion that steps should be taken by Church authorities to restrain the sale or destruction of Church furniture and ornaments, whether for the sake of gain or change of fashion, and especially when such objects have been presented by pious donors of the past. Especially, the Congress hears with dismay of the attempts of collectors to purchase specimens of ancient Sacramental plate, the sale of which must give the greatest offence to all lovers of the Church, of art, and of history. The Congress appeals to the Archbishops, Bishops, the Houses of Convocation, the Archdeacons, and Chancellors of Dioceses to take steps to render such sales impossible, and it asks the public to support this appeal with its influence." SOME RECENT AND FORTHCOMING BOOKS, &c. A HISTOEY OF DUNSTEE and of the Families of Mohun and Luttrell. By Sir H. C. Maxwell Lyte, K.C.B. Two vols., illustrated. Contents : The Mohuns of Dunster, 1066-1404 ; the early Luttrells, 1119-1403 ; the Luttrells of Chilton and Dunster, 1337-1485 ; the Luttrells of Dunster, 1485-1737 ; the Fownes Luttrells of Duuster, 1737-1908 ; the Borough and the Manor of Dunster ; the topography of Dunster ; Dunster Castle ; Dunster Church and Priory ; the Manors of Avill, Staunton, and Alcombe ; Lower Marsh ; the Mohuns of Ham Mohuii in Dorset, of Fleet in Dorset, of Hall and Boconnoc in Cornwall, of Tavistock, &c. ; the Arms and Seals of the Mohuns ; the Luttrells of Irnham in Lincolnshire, of East Down in Devon and Spaxton in Somerset, of Honibere in Somerset and Hartland Abbey in Devon ; of Saunton Court in Devon ; John Luttrell of Mapperton in Dorset and his descendants ; the Luttrells of Eodhuish in Somerset, &c., &c. ; the Anns and Seals of the Luttrells ; List of the Priors of Dunster ; List of the Vicars and Curates of Dunster. (The St. Catherine Press, 8, York Buildings, London. 30s. net.) 1909. EEGINALD BOSWOETH SMITH. A Memoir. By his daughter, Lady Grogan. With photogravure portrait and several other illustrations. Contents : Stafford Rectory ; Milton Abbas School — Marlborough— Oxford ; Life and Work at Harrow ; Mohammed and Mohammedanism ; Life of Lord Lawrence ; the National Church ; the Near East — Uganda — Home Eule — Lay Headmastership ; Bingham's Melcombe — "Bird Life." (James Nisbet and Co., 22, Berners Street, London. 10s. 6d. net.) 1909. DOESET MAEEIAGE EEGISTEES. Vol. IV. contains a transcript of the Marriage Registers of Litton Cheney, Burstock, Charmouth, Stalbridge, West Chelborough, South Perrott, Maiden Newton, Loders, Fordington St. George. (Phillimore and Co., 124, Chancery Lane, London. 10s. 6d.) 1909. DOESET PARISH EEGISTEES. Verbatim copies of the Parish Eegisters of Aimer; Beer Hacket; Tarrant Hinton. (Parish Register Society, 124, Chancery Lane, London.) North Wootton ; Long Burton ; Holnest ; Caundle Bishop ; Lydlinch. (Canon Mayo, Long Burton Vicarage, Sher- borne.) THE CIVIL WAR IN DOESET. 1642-1660. By A. E. Bayley, B.A. Contents : From taking up Arms to Edgehill ; Parliamentary supremacy in Dorset — First Siege of Corfe Castle ; Eoyalist Conquests in Dorset ; Eesistance of Poole to Royal Forces ; Siege of Lyme Regis ; March of Lord Essex into Dorset and recovery of Weymouth ; the struggle at Weymouth and Melcombe Regis ; Fairfax in Dorset — the Clubmen — Siege of Sherborne ; Fall of the last Eoyalist Garrisons in Dorset— Corfe Castle and Portland ; SOME RECENT AND FORTHCOMING BOOKS. 253 Disbanding of local forces ; Later Royalist movements in Dorset ; Finance- Dorset Standing Committee and its work ; Ecclesiastical affairs. (Barnicott and Pearce, Taunton. 10s. 6d. net.) 1909. DOESET EECORDS. (i.) The Dorset Feet of Fines, 1441-1460. (ii.) Dorset Wills in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 1383-1700. (E. A. Fiy. " Dorset Records," 124, Chancery Lane, London.) 1909. NELSON'S HARDY : his Life, Letters, and Friends. By A. M. Broadley and R. Grosvenor Bartelot. (John Murray, London. 10s. 6d. net.) 1909. THE STORY OF FORD ABBhY from the earliest times to the present day. By Sidney Heath and W. de C. Prideaux. Profusely illustrated with plans, photographs, drawings, &c., and also reproductions of contemporary drawings by Edmund Prideaux. Contents : Foundation and early history ; General plan ; Church and Chapter House ; the Abbots of Ford ; Thomas Chard ; the Dissolution ; Armorial bearings at Ford ; Post -Dissolution owners and history ; Ford Abbey as a modern mansion ; the Prideaux Pardon. (F. Griffiths, 34, Maiden Lane, London. 10s. 6d. net.) In the TIME'S LAUGHINGSTOCKS AND OTHER VERSES. By Thomas Hardy. Contents : Time's Laughiugstocks ; Love Lyrics ; A set of Country Songs ; Pieces occasional and various. (Macmillan and Co., London. 4s. 6d. net.) 1909. BIRD LIFE AND BIRD LORE. By R. Bosworth Smith. Popular edition. (John Murray, London. 2s. 6d. net.) 1909. THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BARNES, Poet and Philologist. By his daughter, Lucy Baxter ("Leader Scott"). This book, originally published by Macmillans, can now be obtained from H. G. Commin, Old Christchurch Road, Bournemouth. 2s. 6d. A SELECTION FROM POEMS OF RURAL LIFE IN THE DORSET DIALECT BY WILLIAM BARNES. Edited by his son. (Kegan Paul, Trench, and Co., London. Is. 6d. net.) 1909. DORSET. By A. L. Salmon. Cambridge County Geographies series. (Cam- bridge University Press. Is. 6d.) In the Press. STOEIES OF OLD DOESET. By Alex. M. Luckham. (Bennett Brothers, Salisbury. 6d.) THE BIOGRAPHY OF JOHN BAVEESTOCK KNIGHT, a Dorset Artist, 1785-1859. By Francis Knight. (Lavell House, Moseley. 6d.) WHEEE TO STAY IN THE WEST COUNTRY— Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall. (Homeland Association. 6d.) 1909. YEAR BOOK OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND LEARNED SOCIETIES of Great Britain and Ireland. A record of the work done in Science, Literature, and Art during the session 1907-8 by numerous Societies, Field Club.«, &c. tC. Griffin and Co., Exeter Street, London. 7s. 6d.) 1909. 254 SOME RECENT AND FORTHCOMING BOOKS. NOTES AND QUERIES FOR SOMERSET AND DORSET. Edited by the Rev. F. W. Weaver, Milton Vicarage, Evercreech, and Canon Mayo, Long Burton Vicarage, Sherborne. Issued quarterly to subscribers only : the subscription, 5s. per annum, payable in advance, may be sent to either of the editors. THE ANTIQUARY. An illustrated Magazine devoted to the study of the Past. (62, Paternoster Row, London. 6d. monthly.) INDEX TO VOL. XXX. By E. W. YOUNG. Aclaiid, Capt., xxvii., xxviii., xxix., xxxiii., xxxiv., xxxv., xxxvii., liv., 218 Adye, Rev. W. F., Ivi. Aldis, T. S., Ixxxiv. Arachnida, British (1908), xxxv., 97 New and Hare, 100 List of, 113 Archaeological Societies, Congress of, xxxi., 250 Architectural Styles, Sequence of, in Fordington St. George Church, xxxix., 164 Athelhampton Hall, Pigeon-house, Ixix. Avebury, Excavations at, Ixiv. Barley, Wheat, &c., Exhibition of, 249 Barnes, F. J., xxxvi., xxxviii. Rev. W. , xlii. , xliv. Bartelot, Eev. R. G., xxvii., xxx., xxxviii., Ixxi., 133 Baskett, Rev. C. R., xlv., Hi. Beiiett- Stanford, Major, xxxii., 236 Birds, First Appearances of, &c., in Dorset (1908), 238, (Table) 247 Buzzard, Rough-legged, 239 Dartford Warbler, 240 Dipper, 240 Eagle, Golden, 239 Flycatcher, Pied, 240 Osprey, 239 Partridge, Red-legged, 241 Whimbrel, 241 Blashenwell, Finds at, Ixxiii. Bond, Rev. Nigel, xxxi., xl., 250 Books, Recent and Forthcoming, 252 Botanical Notes, 243 Bower, H. Syiidercombe, xlii. Brocklehurst, R. G., xxx. Browne, C. J. Cornish, xxxviii., xxxix., xl. Brumel, G., xxix., xxxiv. Burning Cliff (Lyme Regis), xxix. Butler, Rev. G. W., xlvi. Cambridge, Rev. O. P. (Vice -President), xxxv., xxxvii., 97 Came, Church, xliii. House, xli. Rectory, xlix. Cecil, Lord E. (Vice -President), xxxviii., lxx.,lxxiv., Ixxix. Medals, xxxix. Chalice and Paten (Abbotsbury), xxxix. Chantries, Dorset, 13 Beaminster, 16 Bridport, Blessed Mary, 34 Mary Magdalene (Ailing- ton), 35 St. John the Baptist, 32 St. Michael's (Mon- dayne's), 25 St. Katherine's, 39 Burton Bradstock, 20 Cauford, 14 Chardstock, 39 Chilfrome, St. Ellen, 22 Kingston Russell, St. James, 19. Lytchett Matravers, 15 Gybbons, 14 Netherbury (Thomas Pow- lett), 19 Portesham (Gorton), 24 Wambrook, 25 Wootton Glanville, Our Lady, 13 Wytherstone, 25 Obits, Lights, $c., 40. Blandford St. Mary, 55 Broadwindsor, 51 Charmouth, 57 Childe Okeford, 51 Corfe Castle, 50 Dorchester (Lepers' House), 44 Frome Whitfield, 43 Gilhngham, 45, 46 Iwenie Courtney, 52 Minster, 52 Lyme Regis, 42 Mappowder, 55 Nether Compton, 53 Shaftesbury, Holy Trinity, 48 St. James, 47 St. Peter's, 48 256 Chantries, Dorset — continued. Sherborne, B.V. Mary, 44 St. John the Evangelist, 44 Stalbridge, 53 Stockland, 43, 57 Sturmiuster Newton, 53 Marshall, 56 Swanage, 44 Wareham, 44 Wimborne Minster, 54 Worth, 50 Wootton Fitzpaine, 57 Charles I., Relics of, xxxix., 236 Chater, A. G., xxxi., 250 Chelonian Skull, Note on a, 143 Cleeve Abbey, lix. Coins, British and Romano-British, xxxv., 58 Allectus, 67 Antoninus Pius, 62 Caracalla, 64 Carausius, 66 Claudius, 61 Commodus, 63 Constantino I., 69 II., 71 Crispus, 71 Liciuius I. , 69 Maximian Hercules, 65 Septimus Severus, 63 Cossins, John, Ivi. Cree, G. C., xlviii. Cunnington, E., xlviii. Dackombe, Robert, of Scoles, Ixxi. Damer, Col. Lionel (1804), xli. Dawson, xliii. George, xli. Hon. Lionel, xlviii. Dawes, R., xlv., liv. Day, C. D., xxxix. Deeds, County, Gift of, liv. Dicker, Rev. C. W. H. (Hon. Editor and Vice-President), xxviii., xxxiv., xxxix. Dixon, Dr., xxxii. Dodington, G. Bubb, Ivii. Dorset Bridges, xxx. Chantries, 13 Deeds, Gift of, liv. Volunteer Rangers, xli. Dunster, xl. Castle, Ixvi. Priory Church, Ixviii. Eastbury House, Ivii. Eaton, H. Storks (the late), xxxi., Ixxxiv., cvi., 145 Edwardes, Rev. J., Ixxv. Eldon, Lord Chancellor, Ixxiii. Elwes, G. R. (Hon. Treas. and Vice- President), xxix., xxxiii., xxxviii., Ixi. Engleheart, Rev. G. H., xxviii., xxix., xxxvii., 1 Earquharson, H. F. W., Ivii. J. J., Iviii. Feacey, Jem, xxxvi., xxxix., 164 Fielding, Dr., xxxiv. Fisher, Miss, 133 Filleul, Rev. S. E. V., xxxii. Financial Statements, xxxviii., Ixxxi., Ixxxii. Flora, Dorset, xxxv., 116 Floyer, Anne, xxxiii. Fordiugton St. George, Floor Tiles at, xxx., 133 Architectural Styles in, 164 Flints, Worked (Puddletrenthide), xxviii. (Portland1), xlvi. Fry, E. A., xxxvii., liv., lv., Ixiv., 13, 159, 250 George III., Visit of (Came House), xli. Gladiolus, Wild, xxxii. Gray, H. St. George, xxviii., Ixi., Ixiv., 215, 217, 218 Grimstoti, Manor of, xxxv., 83, 93 Hancock, Preb., Ixviii. Hansford, Charles (the late), xxxi., Ixxxiv. Hardy, Thomas, xlvii., xlix. Hems worth, Roman Villa at, xxix., xxxiv., xxxvii., 1 Heraldic Badge, xxxiv. Hill, C. B., 1 Hogg, B.A. (the late), Ixxxv. Hudleston, W. H. (the late), xxxi. Ixxxiii., civ. Hughes-Gibb, F., Ivii. Ilchester, Countess of, xxxix. Insects, First Appearances of, in Dorset (1908), (Table), 248 Jesty, Benjamin, Ixxvi. Jukes-Browne, A., xxix., 223 Jupiter Tonans, Head of, xxix. Juxon, Bishop, xxxii. Kimmeridge Shale, xxvii., xli. Kingston, Churches, Ixxiii. Langford, Canon, Ixv., Ixix. Le Jeune, H. xxxiv., xlv., liv., Ixx., Ixxiii., 1 Leslie, Rev. E. C., xliii., xliv., 1. Linton, Rev. E. F., xxxv., xxxvii., 116 Lister, A., Ixxxiv. Little Mayne, Farm, xlvi. Sarsens, xlv., xlvii. Lock, B. Fossott, xxxvii., 203 Lucas, Rev. W. H., xxxii. 257 Luttrell, H. F., lx., Ixvii. Lyme Regis, Burning Cliff, at, xxix. Maiden Castle, xxx. Major, Albany, xlvii. Mansel-Pleydell, Medals, &c., xxxix. Prize Essay, xxxviii. Rev. J. C. M., xxxiv., xlii. Martyns (Athelhampton), last of the, xxxii. March, Dr.H. Colley (Vice -President), xxviii., xlvi., xlvii., 215, 223 Maumbury, Excavations at, xxviii., 1., 215 Mayo, Canon, xl. Meetings, Annual, xxxvii. Summer, xli., li., lix. Winter, xxvii., xxxi. Members, Honorary, xl. List of, xii. New, xxiv. Milton Abbas, Grammar School, xlvi., liii. Abbey of, xliv., xlvi., Ixvii. Register of, in the Exchequer, 196 (Translation), 203 (Note on), 212 Mock Suns, xxxiv. Mohun, Family of, Ixvii. Moigne, Family of, xlviii. Middleton, H. B., xxxiv. Murray, Rev. R. P. (the late), Ixxxv. Napoleon, Louis, Visit to Came House, xli., xliii. Newton, E. T., 234 Officers of the Club, xl. Oliver, Vere, xxxii. Ord, Dr. W. T., Ixxvii. Owennoigne, xl., xlviii. Court, xlviii. Penny, Rev. J., lii. Pentin, Rev. H. (Hon. Sec. and Vice- President), xxxi., xxxvii., xxxix., xlvi., xlviii., xlix., lii., liii., liv., Ixiv., Ixv. Photographic Survey of Dorset, xxxviii. Pitt, Mrs. Lora, xliv., 89 W. Morton, Ixxiii. Pitt-Rivers, General (the late), 2, 9 Plants in Flower (Table), 246 Pons (Elia (Newcastle), xxviii. Pope, A., xxxv., xxxvii., xl., 83 Portland, Status of Peasantry in, xxxvi., 73 Pouncy, H. (Assist. Sec.), xxxix., xlvii., Ixxv., Ixxvi. Poxwell, Circle, xlviii. House, xlvii. Presidential Address, xxxvii. Archaeology and Anthrop- ology, xcix. Astronomy, xci. Botany, Ixxxvii. Chemistry, xcv. Electricity, xciv. Engineering, xcvi. General, ci. Geography, xcviii. Geology, Ixxxix. Meteorology, xcii. Obituary, Ixxxiii. Zoology, Ixxxv. Prideaux, C. S., xxviii., xxxii., xxxix., 216, 250 W. de, xxxiii., xxxiv., xxxviii., TT^I'X, Psalter, Trilingual, xxxiii. Publications of the Club, xxvi. Puddletrenthide, Worked Flints found at, xxviii. Radium, Discovery of, xxxix. Rainfall, &c., in Dorset (19C8), 145 Observers' Notes, 147 Steepleton Manor, Tem- perature, &c., 158 Tables, 154 Ravenhill, Rev. Canon, xxviii., xxxiii. Reid, Clement, 213 Reports, Hon. Editor's, xxxvii. Secretary's, xxxvii. Rhys, Rev. J. L., Iviii. Richard&on, N. M. (President), xxvii., xxxi., xxxv., xxxvii., xxxix, xliv., xlvii., li., hi., lv., Iviii., Ixxxiii., ex., 238 Robinson, Sir C., xxviii., xxxiv., 143 Roman Relics at Hartlip (Kent), 9 Woodchester, 7 Appleshaw, 9, 10 Clanville, 9, 10 Rules of the Club, vi. St. Aldhelm's Chapel, Ixxvi. Geology of District, Ixxvii. Head, xl., Ixx. Sarsens, Little Mayne, xlv. Shaftesbury, Abbey of, Ivi. Smart, Dr. Wake, 2 Smith, R. Bosworth (the late), xxix., liii., lY-g-giii- Rev. E. J. Heriz, Ivii. S. C. Spencer, Ixxiii. Solly, Rev. H. S., xxix. Stilwell, H., 145 Strattou, Manor of, xxxv., 83, 91 Sun God, Head of, 5 Sykes, E. R., xl. Symonds, H., xxxii., xxxv., xxxvii., Ixiv., 58 Tarraiit Crawford, Abbey, li. . Qunville, Ivi., 159 Hintou, Ivii. Keynston, lii. Monktou, Ivi. Rawston, Ivi. Riishton, lii. Valley, xl., li. Taunton, Castle and Museum, Ixi. Church (St. Mary Magda- lene), Ixvi. ' Grammar School, Ixi. Priory Barn, Ixvi. Treadwell, Jim, Iviii. Tregonwell, John, Ixvii. Turtle's Head (Purbeck), xxviii., xxxiv. Vindogladia, 3 Wake, William (Archbishop of Canter- bury), xlviii.. Wallace, A. Russet, 1. Walroiids, Relics of, xxxiii. Warry, Mrs. King, xxxvi., xxxvii., 73 Weather, Notes on, 244 Weaver, Rev. F. W., lv., Ivi., lix., Ixi., Ixviii. Westmorland, Earl of (Charles I.), xxxii. Whistler. Rev. C. W., xlviii., 23o Whitcombe Church, xliv. Wildman, W. B., Ixiv. Williams, of Herringston, xliii. Wingate, Rev. P. B., li. Woodward, A. Smith, 143 Worth Matravers, Church, Ixxv. Wroxeter, Roman Pavement at, S Zoological Notes, 241 DA 670 D69D6 v.30 Dorset Natural History ami Archaeological Society Proceedings PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY