DORSET MTQRAIr HISTORY
AND
FIELD 6M1B
(From MAY, 1917, to MAY, 1918).
EDITED BY
J. M. J.. FLETCHER.
VOLUME XXXIX.
Dorchester :
PRINTED AT THE " DORSET COUNTY CHRONICLE " OFFICE.
1913
98468^ PA
U.
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
List of Officers of the Club since the Inauguration ,r. ... v.
Rotes of the Club ... .. . vi-
list of Officers and Committees .. xi.
List of Mew Members elected since tha Publication of Volume
xxxvm. ... ... ..... ... ..„ ... .,, xxiii,
Publications of the Club xxiv.
Societies and Institutions in Correspondence with the Club ... xxiv. THE PBOCEE DINGS OF THE CLCTO from May, 1917, to May, 1918 : —
FIRST WLHTEB, MEETING ... ... xxv.
SBCOXD WINTZX, MEETING ... ... xxxi.
AararuAi, BiirsrNESs MEETING xxxv.
The Hon. Treasurer's Financial Statement ,». ... ... xli.
Anniversary Address of the President 1
A Commercial Day Book of John Richards of Warmweli, by W.
Neville Start ... ... ... ... 2<*
Some Unrecorded Deans of Wimborne Minster, by the Kev. Canon
J. M. J. Fletcher. M.A., R.D. ... ... 29
New Species of Birds observed in Dorset since the publication of
Manael-PfeydeU's " Birds of Dorset," 1888, by the Kev. F. L.
Blathwayt, M.A., M.B.O.U. Notes on the Coins believed to have been struck at Sandsfoot Castle
and Weyinouth in 1643-41* by Henry Symonds, F.S.A. ... 53
Pipe Leases for Dorset, by Edw. Alexander Fry ... 63
Returns of Rainfall in Dorset in 1917, by the Rev. H. H. Tilrey
Baraett, R.D. ,., 76
Phonological Report on First Appearances of Birds, Beasts,
Insects, &c., and the First Flowering of Plants in Dorset
during 1917, by W. Parkinson Curtis, FJS.& ... ... ... 85
Notes on Dorset " Restored " Churches, presented by the Restored
Churches Committee, of which the Rev. A. C. Almaek, M. A.,
is the Corresponding Secretary ... ... ... 97
Index to Volume XX^TTX ,
w.
INDEX TO PLATES.
TO FACE
PACE.
BUILDINGS our THE Kisrcsrox LACY ESTATK : —
South West Front ... xxvii.
South East Front xxvii.
Interior of Window on First Floor of South West Front xxix.
Interior of Window, showing Stone Work xxix.
Coins Struck at Weymouth and Sandsfoot during the Civil War ... 53
The Publication Committee are sure that the Members of the Club will accept their apologies for the diminished size of the present volume and for its late appearance.
The former is due to the greatly enhanced price of printing and paper which has caused this volume to be more costly in production than were those of double the size which were issued eight or ten years ago.
For the same reason the number of illustrations is limited. Those descriptive of the ancient building on the Kingston Lacy Estate have been added at the cost of the Hon. Editor.
The Printing of a valuable but lengthy paper by Canon Mayo on "Abbot Bere's Survey of the Marnhull Estate" has been unavoidably postponed until things are more normal, partly for financial reasons, but also because, under present conditions, the printers felt unable to face the Latin.
Owing to the shortness of staff at the printing office, the publication of this volume is again late. There is, however, every reason to hope that Vol. XL. will be issued before many months are over, and that Vol. XLI, will appear some time during the Summer of next year,
V.
ZTbe 2>orset Natural ftotorg anfc Hntiquarian ffielfc Club*
INAUGUEATKD MAECH 26TH, 1875.
Presidents :
1875-1902— J. C. Mansel-PleydeU, Esq., B.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 1902-1904— The Lord Eustace Cecil, F.R.G.S. 1904 * Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A.
Vice -Presidents :
1875-1882— The Eev. H. H. Wood, M.A., F.G.S. 1875-1884— Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 1880-1900— The Rev. Canon Sir Talbot Baker, Bart., M.A. 1880-1900— General Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S.
1880-1917— The Rev. O. Pickard- Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S. 1885 * The Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S.
1892-1904— Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A.
1904~19°2 } * The Lord Eustace Cecil» F.R.G.S.
1900-1909— W. H. Hudleston, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., Past Pres.
Geol. Society.
1900-1904— Vaughan Cornish, Esq., D.Sc., F.C.S., F.R.G.S. 1900 * Captain G. R. Elwes.
1902-1916— H. Colley March, Esq., M.D., F.S.A. 1904 * The Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A.
1904-1916— The Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A. 1904 * The Rev. Canon J. C. M. Mansel-Pleydell, M.A.
1904-1908— R. Bosworth Smith, Esq., M.A.
1908-1909— Henry Storks Eaton, Esq., M.A., fast Pres. Roy. Met. Society. 1909 * The Rev. Canon C. H. Mayo, M.A., Dorset Editor of " Somerset
and Dorset Notes and Queries."
1909 * E. R. Sykes, Esq., B.A., F.Z.S., Past Pres. Malacological Society.
1911-1912— The Rev. C. W. H. Dicker, R.D.
1912 Alfred Pope, Esq., F.S.A.
1913 Henry Symonds, Esq., F.S.A. 1913 His Honour J. S. Udal, F.S.A.
1915 Captain John E. Acland. M.A., F.S.A.
1916 Sir Daniel Morris, K.C.M.G., D.Sc., D.C.L., F.L.S. 1918 The Rev. Canon J. M. J. Fletcher, M.A., R.D. 1918 W. de C. Prideaux, Esq., F.S.A., F.R.S.M.
Hon. Secretaries :
1875-1884— Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 1885-1892— The Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S. 1892-1902— Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A. 1902-1904— H. Colley March, Esq., M.D., F.S.A. 1904 * The Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A.
Hon. Treasurers :
1875-1882— The Rev. H. H. Wood, M.A., F.G.S. 1882-1900— The Rev. Q. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S. 1901-1910— Captain G. R. Elwes.
1910-1915— The Rev. Canon J. C. M. Mansel-Pleydell, M.A. 1915 * Captain John E. Acland, M.A., F.S.A.
Hon. Editors:
1875-1884— Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 1885-1892— The Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S. 1892-1901— Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A. 1901-1906— The Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A. 1906-1909— The Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A. 1909-1912— The Rev. C. W. H. Dicker, R.D. 1912-1917— Henry Symonds, Esq., F.S.A.
1917 * The Rev. Canon J. M. J. Fletcher, M.A., R.D.
* The asterisk indicates the present officials of the Club
VI.
RULES
OF
THE DORSET NATURE HISTORY AND ANTIQUARIAN FIELD CLUB.
OBJECT AND CONSTITUTION.
1.— The Club shall be called The Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club, and shall have for a short title The Dorset Field Club.
The object of the Club is to promote and encourage an interest in the study of the Physical Sciences and Archaeology generally, especially the Natural History of the County of Dorset and its Antiquities, Prehistoric records, and Ethnology. It shall use its influence to prevent, as far as possible, the extirpation of rare plants and animals, and to promote the preservation of the Antiquities of the County.
2.— The Club shall consist of (i.) three Officers, President, Honorary Secretary, and Honorary Treasurer, who shall be elected annually, and shall form the Executive body for its management ; (ii.) Vice -Presidents, of whom the Honorary Secretary and Treasurer shall be two, ex officio ; (iii.) The Honorary Editor of the Annual Volume of Proceedings ; (iv.) Ordinary Members ; (v.) Honorary Members. The President, Vice -Presidents, and Editor shall form a Council to decide questions referred to them by the Executive and to elect Honorary Members. The Editor shall be nominated by one of the incoming Executive and elected at the Annual Meeting.
There may also be one or more Honorary Assistant Secretaries, who shall be nominated by the Honorary Secretary, seconded by the President or Treasurer, and elected by the Members at the Annual Meeting.
Members may be appointed by the remaining Officers to fill interim vacancies in the Executive Body until the following Annual Meeting.
The number of the Club shall be limited to 400, power being reserved to the Council to select from the list of candidates persons, whose membership they may consider to be advantageous to the interests of the Club, to be additional Members.
PRESIDENT AND VICE-PBESIDENTS.
3. — The President shall take the chair at all Meetings, and have an original and a casting vote on all questions before the Meeting. In addition to the two ex-offieio Vice-Presidents, r.t least three others shall be nominated by the President, or, in his absence, by the Chairman, and elected at the Annual Meeting.
vii.
HON. SECRETARY.
4. — The Secretary shall perform all the usual secretarial work ; cause a programme of each Meeting to be sent to every Member seven days at least before such Meeting ; make all preparations for carrying out Meetings and, with or without the help of a paid Assistant Secretary or others, conduct all Field Meetings. On any question arising between the Secretary (or Acting Secretary) and a Member at a Field Meeting, the decision of the Secretary shall be final.
The Secretary shall receive from each Member his or her share of the day's expenses, and thereout defray all incidental costs and charges of the Meeting, rendering an account of the same before the Annual Meeting to the Treasurer ; any surplus of such collection shall form part of the General Fund, and any deficit be defrayed out of that Fund.
HON. TBEASTJREB.
5. — The Treasurer shall keep an account of Subscriptions and all other moneys of the Club received and of all Disbursements, rendering at the Annual General Meeting a balance sheet of the same, as welf as a general statement of the Club's finances. He shall send copies of the Annual Volume of Proceedings for each year to Ordinary Members who have paid their subscriptions for that year (as nearly as may be possible, in the order of such payment), to Honorary Members, and to such Societies and individuals as the Club may, from time to time, appoint to receive them. He shall also furnish a list at each Annual Meeting, containing the names of all Members in arrear, with the amount of their indebtedness to the Club. He shall also give notice of their election to all New Members.
OEDINAIIY MEMBERS.
6.— Ordinary Members are entitled to be present and take part in the Club's proceedings at all Meetings, and to receive the published "Proceedings " of the Club, when issued, for the year for which their subscription has been paid.
7. — Every candidate for admission shall be nominated in writing by one Member and seconded by another, to both of whom he must be personally known. He may be proposed at any Meeting, and his name shall appear in the programme of the first following Meeting at which a Ballot is held, when he shall be elected by ballot, one black ball in six to exclude. Twelve Members shall form a quorum for the purpose of election. A Ballot shall be held at the Annual and Winter Meetings, and may be held at any other Meeting, should the Executive so decide, notice being given in the programme. In the event of the number of vacancies being less than the number of candidates at four successive Meetings, the names of any candidates proposed at the first of such Meetings who have not been elected at one of them shall be withdrawn, and shall not be eligible to be again proposed for election for at least a year after such withdrawal. Provided that if at any Meeting there shall be no vacancies available, it shall not be counted in estimating the above named four Meetings •
VU1.
8.- The Annual Subscription shall be 10s., which shall become due and payable in advance on the 1st of January in each year. Subscriptions paid on election after September in each year shall be considered as subscriptions for the following year, unless otherwise agreed upon by such Member and the Treasurer. Every Member shall pay immediately after his election the sum of ten shillings as Entrance Fee, in addition to his first Annual Subscription.
9. — No person elected a Member shall be entitled to exercise any privilege as such until he has paid his Entrance Fee and first Subscription, and no Member shall be entitled to receive a copy of the " Proceedings" for any year until his Subscription for that year has been paid.
10.— A registered letter shall be sent by the Hon. Treasurer to any Member whose Subscription is in arrear at the date of any Annual Meeting, demanding payment within 28 days, failing which he shall cease to be a Member of the Club, but shall, nevertheless, be liable for the arrears then due.
11.— Members desiring to leave the Club shall give notice of the same in writing to the Treasurer (or Secretary), but, unless such notice is given before the end of January in any year, they shall be liable to pay the Annual Subscription due to the Club on and after January 1st in that year.
HONORARY
12. — Honorary Members shall consist of persons eminent for scientific or natural history attainments, and shall be elected by the Council. They pay no subscription, and have all the privileges of Ordinary Members, except voting.
MEETINGS.
13.— The Annual General Meeting shall be held as near the first week in May as may be convenient ; to receive the outgoing President's Address (if any) and the Treasurer's financial report ; to elect the Officers and Editor for the ensuing year ; to determine the number (which shall usually be three or four), dates, and places of Field Meetings during the ensuing summer, and for general purposes.
14.— Two Winter Meetings shall usually be held in or about the months of December and February for the exhibition of Objects of Interest (to which not more than one hour of the time before the reading of the Papers shall be devoted), for the reading and discussion of Papers, and for general purposes.
The Dates and Places of the Winter and Annual Meetings shall be decided by the Executive.
15. — A Member may bring Friends to the Meetings subject to the following restrictions : — No person (except the husband, wife, or child of a Member), may attend the Meeting unaccompanied by the Member introducing him, unless such Member be prevented from attending by illness, and no Member may take with him to a field Meeting more than one Friend, whose name and address must be submitted to the Hon. Secretary and approved by him or the Executive.
The above restrictions do not apply to the Executive or to the Acting Secretary at the Meeting.
16.— Members must give due notice (with prepayment of expenses) to the Hon. Secretary of their intention to be present, with or without a Friend, at any Field Meeting, in return for which the Secretary shall send to the Member a card of admission to the Meeting, to be produced when required. Any Member who, having given such notice, fails to attend, will be liable only for any expenses actually incurred on his account, and any balance will be returned to him on application. The sum of Is., or such other amount as the Hon. Secretary may consider necessary, shall be charged to each person attending a Field Meeting, for Incidental Expenses.
17. — The Executive "may at any time call a Special General Meeting of the Members upon their own initiative or upon a written requisition (signed by Eight Members) being sent to the Honorary Secretary. Any proposition to be submitted shall be stated in the Notice, which shall be sent to each Member of the Club not later than seven days before the Meeting.
PAFEBS.
18. — Notice shall be given to the Secretary, a convenient time before each Meeting, of any motion to be made or any Paper or communication desired to be read, with its title and a short sketch of its scope or contents. The insertion of these in the Programme is subject to the consent of the Executive.
19.— The Publications of the Club shall be in the hands of the Executive, who shall appoint annually Three or more Ordinary Members to form with them and the Editor a Publication Committee for the purpose of deciding upon the contents of the Annual Volume. These contents shall consist of original papers and communications written for the Club, and either read, or accepted as read, at a General Meeting ; also of the Secretary's Reports of Meetings, the Treasurer's Financial Statement and Balance Sheet, a list to date of all Members of the Club, and of those elected in the current or previous year, with the names of their proposers and seconders. The Annual Volume shall be edited by the Editor subject to the direction of the Publication Committee.
20. — Twenty -five copies of his paper shall be presented to each author whose communication shall appear in the volume as a separate article, on notice being given by him to the Publisher to that effect.
THE AFFILIATION OF SOCIBTIBS AND LIBRARIES TO THE CLUB.
21. — Any Natural History or Antiquarian Society in the County may be affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an annual fee of Ten Shillings, in return for which the annual volume of the Proceedings of the Field Club shall be sent to such Society.
Every affiliated Society shall send the programme of its Meetings to the Hon. Secretary of the Field Club, and shall also report any discoveries of exceptional interest. And the Field Club shall send its programme to the Hon. Secretary of each affiliated Society.
X.
The Members of the Field Club shall not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend any Meetings of affiliated Societies, and the Members of any affiliated Society shall not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend any Meetings of the Field Club. But any Member of an affiliated Society shall be eligible to read a paper or make an exhibit at the Winter Meetings of the Field Club at Dorchester.
Any Public Library, or Club, or School or College Library, in England or elsewhere, may be affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an annual fee of Ten Shillings, in return for which the annual volume of the Proceedings of the Field Club shall be sent to such Library.
SECTIONAL COMMITTBKS.
22. — Small Committees may be appointed at the Annual General Meeting to report to the Club any interesting facts or discoveries relating to the various sections which they represent ; and the Committee of each section may elect one of their Members as a Corresponding Secretary.
NEW RULES.
23. — No alteration in or addition to these Rules shall be made except with the consent of a majority of three-fourths of the Members present at the Annual General Meeting, full notice of the proposed alteration or addition having been given both in the current Programme and in that of the previous Meeting.
XI.
2>orset natural f>istors anfc Hntiquarian ffielfc Club*
INAUGURATED MARCH 26th, 1875.
President : NELSON M. RICHARDSON, ESQ., B.A.
Wee-Presidents :
THE LORD EUSTACE CECIL, F.R.G.S. (Past President).
THE REV. HERBERT PENTIN, M.A. (Hon. Secretary}.
CAPTAIN JOHN E. ACLAND, M.A., F.S.A. (Hon. Treasurer).
CAPTAIN G. R. ELWES, J.P. THE REV. CANON J. M. J. FLETCHER, M.A., R.D. (Hon. Editor).
THE REV. CANON J. C. M. M ANSEL -PLEYDELL, M.A. THE REV. CANON MAYO, M.A. (Dorset Editor of "Somerset and Dorset Notes
and Queries11).
THE EARL OP MORAY, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S. SIR DANIEL MORRIS, K.C.M.G., D.Sc., D.C.L., F.L.S.
ALFRED POPE, ESQ., F.S.A. W. DE C. PRIDEAUX, Esq., F.S.A., F.R.S.M.
E. R. SYKES, Esq., B.A., F.Z.S. (Past Pres. Malacologieal Society}. HENRY SYMONDS, ESQ., F.S.A. His HONOUR J. S. UDAL, F.S.A.
Executive Body :
NELSON M. RICHARDSON, Esq., B.A. (President).
The Rev. HERBERT PENTIN, M.A. (Hon. Secretary), St. Peter's Vicarage, Portland
Captain JOHN E. ACLAND, M.A., F.S.A. (Hon. Treasurer), Dorset County
Museum, Dorchester.
Hon. Editor : The Rev. Canon J. M. J. FLETCHER, M.A., The Vicarage, Wimborne Minster.
Publication Committee : The EXECUTIVE, The HON. EDITOR, and E. R. SYZEB, Esq.
Sectional Committees : Dorset Photographic Survey —
The MEMBERS of the EXECUTIVE
BOOT ex officio C. J. CORNISH BROWNE, Esq. Colonel and Mrs. W. D. DICKSON
(Hon. Directors)
Dr. E. K. LE FLEMING C. H. MATE, Esq. A. D. MOULLIN, Esq. Mrs. H. H. LEAS The Rev. J. RIDLEY
The Rev. S. E. V. FILLEUL, M.A.
Earthworks —
Captain J. E. ACLAND (Chairman) CHAS. S. PRIDEAUX, Esq. (Corres- ponding Secretary) The PRESIDENT F. E. ABBOTT, Esq. Lieut. J. G. N. CLIFT, R.E.
Lieut. -Colonel F. G. L. MAINWARING
VERB L. OLIVER, Esq., F.S.A.
ALFRED POPE, Esq., F.S.A.
W. DE C. PRIDEAUX, Esq., F.S.A.
The Rev. W. RHYDDERCH
Miss E. E. WOODHOUSE
The Rev. W. O. COCKRAFT, B.A.
Numismatic —
H. SYMONDS, Esq., F.S.A. (Corres- ponding Secretary) Captain JOHN E. ACLAND, F.S.A. Captain G. R. ELWES
Lieut. -Colonel F. G. L. MAINWARING
Restored Churches —
The Rev. Canon J. C. M. MANSEL-
PLEYDELL, M.A.
W. DE C. PRIDEAUX, Esq., F.S.A. H. F. RAYMOND, Esq.
The Rev. A. C. ALMACK, M.A.
(Corresponding Secretary) J. ALLNER, Esq., A.R.I.B.A. R. BARROW, Esq. H. W. CRICKMAY, Esq. The Rev. JAMES CROSS, M.A. Rer. Canon FLETCHER, M.A., R.D.
G. W. FLOYER, Esq., B.A.
The Rev. H. HAWKINS
R. HIKE, Esq.
The Rev. Canon MAYO, M.A.
W. B. WILDMAN, Esq., M.A.
The Rev. A. C. WOODHOUSE, M.A.
111.
of Jttembers
jftatural Sjistarp ant) Antiquarian Jfieii CJub
FOB THE YEAR 1918.
Honorary Members:
Tear of
Election. (The initials " O.M." signify " Original Member.")
O.M. W. CABBUTHEES, Esq., Ph.D., F.E.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., British Museum
(Nat. Hist.), South Kensington. 1889 A. M. WALLIS, Esq., 29, Mallams, Portland. 1900 A. SMITH WOODWABD, Esq., LL.D., F.K.S., F.G.S., British Museum (Nat.
Hist.), South Kensington, London. 1904 Sir WM. THISELTON DTEE, K.C.M.G., C.I.E., LL.D., Sc.D., Ph.D.,
F.R.S., The Ferns, Witcombe, Gloucester. 1904 Sir FEEDEEICK TEEVES, Bart., G.C.V.O., C.B., LL.D., Thatched House
Lodge, Richmond Park, Kingston-on-Thames. 1908 THOMAS HABDY, Esq., O.M., D. Litt., LL.D., Max Gate, Dorchester.
Members :
1903 The Most Hon. the Marquis of
Salisbury, M.A., C.B. The Manor House, Cranborne
1903 The Most Hon. the Marchioness
of Salisbury The Manor House, Cranborne
O.M. The Right Hon. the Earl of
Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot.,
F.G.S. ( Vioe-Pretident) Kinfauns Castle, Perth, N.B
1919 The Right Hon. the Earl of
Eldon 43, Portman Square, W. 1.
1911 The Right Hon. the Earl of
Ilchester Melbury, Dorchester
1111.
1902 The Right Hon. the Earl of
Shaftesbury, K.C.V.O. St. Giles, Wimborne
1884 The Eight Hon. Lord Eustace
Cecil, F.B.G.S. (Vice- President) Lytchett Heath, Poole 1904 The Bight Rev. the Lord Bishop
of Durham, D.D. Auckland Castle, Bishop's Auckland
1912 The Right Bev. the Lord Bishop
of Salisbury, D.D. The Palace, Salisbury
1892 The Bight Bev. the Lord Bishop
of Coventry, D.D., F.S.A. Astley, Nuneaton
1889 The Bight Hon. Lord Digby Minterne, Dorchester
1907 The Bight Hon. Lord Wynford Wynford House, Maiden Newton,
Dorchester 1907 The Bight Hon. Lady Wynford Wynford House, Maiden Newton,
Dorchester 1910 Abbott, F. E., Esq. Shortwood, Christchurch, Hants
1893 Acland, Captain John E., M.A.,
F.S.A. (Vice- President and Hon.
Treasurer) Wollaston House, Dorchester.
1892 Acton, Bev. Edward, M.A. Wolverton Bectory, Basingstoke
1907 Allner, Mrs. George National Provincial Bank, Sturminster
Newton
1908 Almack, Bev. A. C., M.A. The Bectory, Blandford St. Mary 1907 Atkinson, George T., Esq., M.A. Durlston Court, Swanage
1902 Baker, Lieut. -Col. Sir Bandolf
L., Bart., D.S.O. Banston, Blandford
1912 Baker, Bev. E. W., B.A. The Bectory, Witchampton
1919 Ball, Bev. H., B.A. Tremel, Ferndown, Wimborne
1919 Ball, Miss Evelyn Trem«l, Ferndown, Wimborne
1906 Bankes, Mrs. Kingston Lacy, Wimborne
1912 Bankes, Jerome N., Esq., F.S.A. 63, Bedcliffe Gardens, London, S.W. 1902 Barkworth, Edmund, Esq. Hillymead, Seaton
1904 Barlow, Major C. M. Southcot, Charminster
1894 Barnes, Mrs. John lies Blandford
1906 Barrow, Bichard, Esq. 5, Clareinont Terrace, Exmouth.
1895 Bartelot, Bev. B. Grosvenor, M.A. Fordington St. George Vicarage,
Dorchester
1904 Baskett, Mrs. S. Bussell Southfield, Alexandra Boad, Wey-
mouth.
1913 Bassett, Bev. H. H. Tilney, B.D.
(Hon. Editor of the Dorset
Rainfall Reports) Whitchurch Vicarage, Blandford
1917 Beament, W. O., Esq., B.A. Beaminster
1888 Beckford, F. J., Esq. Witley, Parkstone
xiv.
1908
1910 1917
1919 1903 1906
1903 1913 1889
Benett- Stanford, Major J.,
F.R.G.S., F.Z.S. Blackett, Rev. J. C., B.A. Blathwayt, Rev. F. L., M.A.,
M.B.O.U. (Hon. Editor of the
Hatch House, Tisbury, Wilts Compton Rectory, Winchester
Dorset Phenohgical Report) Blomefield, Mrs. Bond, Gerald Denis, Esq. Bond, Nigel de M., Esq.,
M.A.
Bond, Wm. Ralph G., Esq. Bone, ClementG., Esq., M.A. Bower, H. Syndercombe, Esq.
1900 Bower, Rev. Charles H. S., M.A.
1898 Brandreth, Rev. F. W., M.A.
1895 Brymer, Rev. J. G., M.A.
1907 Bulfin, Ignatius, Esq., B.A.
1900 Bullen, Colonel John Bullen
Symes
1907 Bury, Mrs. Henry
1905 Busk, W, G., Esq.
1905 Busk, Mrs. W. G.
1903 Butler-Bowden, Mrs. Bruno
1911 Butlin, M. C., Esq., M.A. 1891 Carter, William, Esq. 1919 Castleman Smith, Miss E.
1905 Chadwyck-Healey, Sir C. E. H.,
M.A., K.C., K.C.B., F.S.A.
1913 Champ, Miss Edith
1897 Chudleigh, Mrs.
1918 Chudleigh, Captain C. A. E.
1894 Church, Colonel Arthur 1905 Clark, Mrs. E. S.
1895 Clarke, R. Stanley, Esq.
1912 Clift, Lieut. J. G. Neilson, R.E. 1883 Colfox, Miss A. L.
1878 Colfox, Colonel T. A., T.D.
1905 Collins, Sir Stephen,
1904 Collins, Wm. W., Esq., R.I.
Melbury Osmond Rectory, Dorchester Distaff Cottage, Sherborne Holme, Wareham
Springfield House, Hatfield Peverel,
Essex Tyneham, Wareham
6, Lennox Street, Weymouth Fontmell Parva, Shilhngstone, Bland- ford
Childe Okeford Rectory, Shillingstone,
Dorset
Buckland Newton, Dorchester Ilsington House, Puddletown The Den, Knole Road, Bournemouth
Catherston Leweston, near Channouth Mayfield House, Farnham, Surrey Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dor- chester
Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dor- chester Upwey House, Upwey
7, Westerhall Road, Weymouth The Hermitage, Parkstone The Close, Blandford
Wyphurst, Cranleigh, Surrey St. Katherine's, Bridport Cogee, Durleston Road, Swanage Cogee, Durleston Road. Swanage St. Alban's, Rodwell, Weymouth St. Aldhelm's, Wareham The Ship Hotel, Crediton, Devon
8, Prince's Street, Westminster, S.W. Weetmead, Bridport
Coneygar, Bridport
Elm House, Tring, Hertfordshire
Stoborough Croft, Wareham
XV.
1912 Cooke, Rev. J. H., M.A.,
LL.D. 1903 Cornish -Browne, C. J., Esq.
1917 Corrie, E. Rowland, Esq.
1909 Cnckmay, Harry W., Esq.
1884 Cross, Rev. James, M.A.
1914 Cross, Miss Florence
1885 Cunne, Decimus, Esq.,
M.R.C.S.
1896 Curtis, C. H., Esq.
1897 Curtis, Wilfrid Parkinson, Esq.,
F.E.S.
1903 Dacombe, J. M. J., Esq.
1918 Dacombe, Miss 1914 Dalton, Mrs. E. E.
1907 Daniell, G. H. S., Esq., M.B. 1S94 Davis, Geo., Esq.
1919 Dawe, Miss
1910 Devenish, Major J. H. C.
1907 Dicker, Miss Eleanor H. 1919 Dicker, C. G. Hamilton, Esq. 1912 Dickson, Colonel W. D. 1912 Dickson, Mrs. W. D.
1911 Dillon-Trenchard, Miss Margaret
1908 Dominy, G. H., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P. 1919 Dominy, H., Esq.
1912 Dru Drury, G., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P. 1905 Duke, Mrs. Henry
1907 Duke, Miss M. Constance
1908 Duke, Mrs. E. Baraaby
191C Eaton, Rev. A. E., M.A., F.E.S.
1916 Edwards, Rev. R. D. St. G., M.A.
1913 Ellis, Henry, Esq., F.R.A.S.
Shillingstone Rectory Cory ton Park, Axminster Coombe Wood, Branksome Park 49, St. Mary Street, Weymouth Baillie House, Sturminster Marshall,
Wimborne
Stock Gaylard Rectory, Sturminster Newton
Balma Howe, Terrace pjotmt, Bourne- mouth Blandford
Hambledon Lodge, Kingsbridge Road,
Parkstone
27, Holdenhurst Road, Bourne- mouth
South field, Dorchester Cerne Abbas, Dorchester Brentry, Blandford West Lodge, Icen Way, Dorchester Glaslyn, Carl ton Rd. North, Weymouth Springfield, Weymouth 20, Trinity Street, Dorchester Keble College, Oxford Southill, Dean Park, Bournemouth Sou thill, Dean Park, Bournemouth The Ridge, Durlston Park Road,
Swanage
Milton Abbas, Blandford The Homestead, Cerne Abbas
Corfe Castle, Wareham Manor House, Godmanstone, Dor- chester
The Limes, Dorchester Maen, Dorchester
Richmond Villa, Northam, North Devon
Longbredy Rectory, Dorchester Boat Close, Lyme Regis
XVI.
1885 Elwes, Captain G. R. (Vice-
Persident)
1913 Facey, C. S., Esq., M.B.
1886 Falkner, C. G., Esq., M.A.
1903 Farrer, Colonel Philip 1912 Ferguson, Miss E. M. 1912 Ferguson, Miss Constance
1904 Ffooks, Mrs. E. Archdall 1904 Fielding, Thos., Esq., M.D.
1892 Filleul, Rev. S. E. V., M.A.
1910 Filliter, Mrs. W. D.
1911 Fisher, Rev. J. Martyn,M.A.,R.D 1890 Fletcher, W. H. B., Esq.
1907 Fletcher, Eev. Canon J. M. J., M.A., R.D. (Hon. Editor and Vice -President}
1914 Fletcher, Walter T., Esq. 1885 Floyer, G. W., Esq., B.A. 1895 Forbes, Mrs.
1897 Forde, Henry, Esq.
1910 Forder, B. C., Esq.
1893 Forrester, Mrs. James 1910 Freame, Major B. E.
1895 Fry, Edward Alexander, Esq.
1903 Fry, George S., Esq.
1896 George, Mrs.
1916 Gill, Macdonald, Esq.
1890 Glyn, Captain Carr Stuart
1912 Glyn, Mrs. Carr 1906 Gowring, Mrs. B. W. 1888 Greves, Hyla, Esq., M.D.
1904 Groves, Major Herbert J., 1906 Groves, Miss S. J.
1912 Groves, Miss
1906 Gundry, Joseph, Esq.
1912 Haines, F. H., Esq., M.E.C.S.,
L.E.C.P. 1903 Hambro, Sir Everard, K.C.V.O.
Bossington, Bournemouth
The Elms, Chickarell, near Wey mouth
Ireton Bank, Rusholme, Manchester
Binnegar Hall, Wareham
Elwell Lea, Upwey, Dorchester
Elwell Lea, Upwey, Dorchester
Kingscote, Dorchester
Halford House, West Hill Eoad,
Bournemouth Sandford House, Wareham East Lulworth Vicarage, Wareham St. Paul's Vicarage, Weymouth Aldwick Manor, Bognor, Sussex
The Vicarage, Wimborne Minster Icen Way, Dorchester West Stafford, Dorchester Culverhayes, Shillingstone, Bland -
ford
Luscombe, Parkstone The Down Wood, Blandford Westport, Wareham The Chantry, Gillingham Thornhill, Kenley, Surrey Chesham, The Grove, Nether Street,
Finchley, London, N. Fleet House, near Weymouth Tonerspuddle Wood Leaze, Wimborne Wood Leaze, Wimborne 49, High West Street, Dorchester Kodney House, Bournemouth Clifton, Weymouth Thickthorne, Broadwey, Dorset Blackdown, Weymouth Red House, Queen's Avenue, Dor- chester
Winfrith, Dorchester Milton Abbey, Dorset
XV11.
1913 Hamilton, Miss
1893 Hankey, Rev. Canon, M.A.
1894 Hawkins, W., Esq., M.E.C.S. 1903 Hawkins, Miss Isabel
1908 Hawkins, Rev. H.
1893 Hayne, E., Esq.
1911 Hellins, liev. Canon, M.A.,
LL.B.
1911 Hellins, Mrs. E. W. J.
1899 Henning, Mrs.
191G Hewgill, Chas. W., Esq.
1911 Hewitt, Mrs. R. E.
1912 Hichens, Mrs. T. S. 1910 Hill, Miss Pearson 1902 Hine, R., Esq.
1902 Homer, Miss E. C. Wood 1907 Homer, Mrs. G. Wood
1918 Hutton, Rev. A. B,, L.Th.
1903 Jenkins, Rev. T. Leonard, M.A. 1912 Jordan, Miss
1915 Kentish, G. C. A., Esq.
1895 Lafoutaine, A. C. de, Esq., F.S.A. 1876 Langford, Rev. Canon, M.A.
1919 Le Breton, Captain J. G.
1907 Lees, Rear- Admiral Edgar, R.N.
1907 Lees, Mrs. Edgar
1910 Le Fleming, E. K., Esq., B.A.,
M.B.
1900 Legge, Miss Jane 1902 Lewis, Rev. A., M.A.
1890 Lister, Miss Gulielma, F.L.S.
1905 Llewelliu, W., Esq., M.A.
1892 Lock, His Honour Judge B. Fossett
1911 Long, Rev. H. R., B.A.
1888 MacDonald, P. W., Esq., M.D.
1902 Main waring, Lieut. -Col. F. G. L.
1^99 Mansel-Pleydell, Rev. Canon
J. C. M., M.A. (Vice-
President}
1883 Marriott, Sir W. Smith, Bart.
1904 Marsh, J. L., Esq.
Affpuddle Vicarage, Dorchester Lambert House, Dorchester Hillfield, Broadwey, Dorchester Ryme, Elwell Street, Upwey 1, Westerhall, Weymouth Spring Bottom, Osmington
Marnhull Rectory, Dorset
Marnhull Rectory, Dorset
Frome House, Dorchester
Compton Lodge, Weymouth
Norden, Blandford
Flamberts, Trent, Sherborne
Rax, Bridport
Beaminster
Bardolf Manor, Puddletown
Bardolf Manor, Puddletown
Loders Vicarage, Bridport
Leigh Vicarage, Sherborne
The Ridge, Durlston Park Road,
Swanage
Longcroft, Windsor Road, Parkstone Athelhampton, Dorchester Southbrook, Starcross, S. Devon Loders Court, Bridport White Cross, Wyke Regis White Cross, Wyke Regis
St. Margaret's, Wimborne Allington Villa, Bridport Chardstock Vicarage, Chard High Cliff, Lyme Regis Upton House, Poole
The Toft, Bridlington, East Yorks Tolpuddle, Dorchester Ui-asmere, Spa Road, Weymouth Wabey House, Upwey
10, Clarence Terrace, Regent's Park,
London, N.W. The Down House, Blandford White Cliff Mill Street, Blandford
XV11Z.
1918 Marston, Miss
1907 Mate, C. H., Esq.
O.M. Mayo, Rev. Canon, M.A.,
( Vice- President)
1912 McDowall, A. S., Esq., M.A. 1914 Mead, Colonel
1918 MUne, Mrs.
1905 Morgan, Mrs.
1911 Morris, Sir Daniel, K.C.M.G., D.Sc., D.C.L., F.L.S. (Vice- President)
1914 Moule, Eev. A. C., B.A.
1897 Moullin, Arthur D., Esq. 190.5 Nicholson, Captain Hugh
1906 Oke, A. W., Esq., B.A., LL.M.,
F.S.A., F.G.S. 1886 Okeden, Colonel U. E. Parry
1908 Oliver, Vere L., Esq., F.S.A. 1908 Oliver, Mrs. Vere L.
1904 Oliver, Weston, Esq., M.A. 1908 Ord, W. T., Esq., M.B.C.S., L.B.C.P., F.G.S.
1911 Ouless, W. W., Esq., B.A.
1911 Ouless, Miss Catherine
1914 Pass, Alfred Douglas, Esq.
1890 Patey, Miss
1908 Patterson, Mrs. Myles
1919 Patterson, Myles, Esq., B.A.
1907 Paul, Edward Clifford, Esq.,
M.A.
1894 Payne, Miss Florence O. 1918 Peachell, G. E., Esq., M.D.
1906 Pearce, Mrs. Thos. A.
1909 Pearce, Edwin, Esq.
1894 Penny-Snook, S., Esq., M.B.C.S., L.B.C.P.
1907 Penny-Snook, Mrs. S.
1901 Pentin, Bev. Herbert, M.A. (Vice -President and Hon. Secretary)
Corfe Castle
Elim, Surrey Boad South, Bourne- mouth
Gillingham, Dorset Warmwell Mill House, Dorchester Chescombe House, near Blandford Bainton House, Sherborne The Vicarage, Yetminster
14, Crabton Close, Boscombe Trumpington Vicarage, Cam- bridge
Fermain, Bempstone Boad, S wattage Nettlecombe, Melplash
32, Denmark Villas, Hove, Sussex Turnworth, Blandford Whitmore Lodge, Sunninghill, Berks Whitmore Lodge, Sunninghill, Berks Castle House, Weymouth
18, Littledown Boad, Bourne- mouth
12, Bryanston Square, London, W. 12, Bryanston Square, London, W. Wootton Fitzpaine, Charmouth 185, Oakwood Court, Kensington,
London, W.
Conygar, Broadmayne, Dorchester Conygar, Broadmayne, Dorchester
Eastbrook House, Upwey Rydal, Wimborne Herrison, Dorchester Ivythorpe, Dorchester Fore Street, Taunton
Netherton House, Weymouth Netherton House, Weymouth
St. Peter's Vicarage. Portland
XII.
1894 Peto, Sir Henry, Bart.
1908 Phillips, Kev. C. A., M.A. 1898 Pickard-Cambridge, A. W., Esq., M.A.
Chedington Court, Misterton, Somer- set Walton House, Bournemouth
1903 1918 1903
1904 1896 1894
O.K.
1906 1906 1909
1914
1896 1900
1905 1905 1888 1905
1912 1919 1919 1886 1887
1901 1886 1907 1909 1912 1907 1917 1889
St. Catherine's, Headington Hill, O:
ford
Kingbarrow, Wareham Racedown House
Pike, Leonard G., Esq. Pinney, Brig. -General R J. Pitt-Rivers, A. L. Fox, Esq.,
F.S.A.
Plowman, Rev. L. S. Pond, S., Esq.
Ponting, Chas. E., Esq., F.S.A. Pope, Alfred, Esq., F.S.A. Vice-
President}
Pope, Major Alfred Rolph, M.A. Pope, Mrs. Alfred Rolph Pope, Francis J., Esq.,
F.R.Hist.S. Powell, H. Bolland, Esq.,
A.M.I.C.E.
Prideaux, C. S., Esq., L.D.S. Prideaux, W. de C., Esq., L.D.S. , F.S.A., F.R.S.M. (Vice- President) 12, Frederick Place, Weymouth
Rushmore, Salisbury
Ibberton Rectory, Blandford
Blandford
Wye House, Marlborough
South Court. Dorchester Culliford House, Dorchester Culliford House, Dorchester
17, Holland Road, London, W.
Hillsdon, Springfield Road, Parkstone Ermington, Dorchester
Pringle, Henry T., Esq., M.D. Pringle, Mrs. Henry T. Pye, William, Esq. Ramsden, Mrs.
Rawlence, E. A., Esq. Raymond, Major, R.G.A. Raymond, Mrs. Reynolds, Mrs. Arthur Richardson, N. M., Esq., B.A. (President)
Ridley, Rev.-J.
Rodd, Edward Stanhope, Esq.
Roe, Miss M. M. E.
Roe, Rev. Wilfrid T., M.A.
Romilly, Geo., Esq., M.A.
Roper, Freeman, Esq., F.L.S.
Rumbold, Captain C. E. A. L.
Russell, Colonel C. J., R.E.
Ferndown, Wimborne
Ferndown, Wimborne
Dunmore, Rodwell, Weymouth
The Dower House, Lew Trenchard,
Devon
Newlands, Salisbury The Croft, Wimborne The Croft, Wimborne Wyndcroft, Bridport
Montevideo, Chickerell, near Wey- mouth
Pulham Rectory, Dorchester Chardstock House, Chard Trent Rectory, Sherborne Trent Rectory, Sherborne The Grange, Marnhull Forde Abbey, Chard Ivers, Marnhull, Sturminster Newton Clavinia, Weymouth
XX.
1905 Sanderson-Wells, T. H., Esq., M.D.,F.K.C.S.
1905 Saunt, Miss
1910 Schuster, Mrs. W. P.
1904 Seaman, Rev. C. E., M.A., R.D.
1883 Searle, Alan, Esq.
1919 Seward, Edwiii, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.
1906 Shephard, Colonel C. S., D.S.O.
1884 Sherren, J. A., Esq., F.R. Hist. S.
1914 Sherring, R. Vowell, Esq., F.L.S.
1913 Shields, Rev. A. J., M.A.
1897 Simpson, Jas., Esq.
1912 Smith, Rev. A. Hippisley
1916 Smith, Rev. Edward, M.A., R.D.
1919 Smith, Frederick W., Esq., F.S.A.
1915 Smith, Mrs. Hamblin
1899 Smith, Howard Lyon, Esq., L.R.C.P.
1909 Smith, Nowell C., Esq., M.A.
1908 Smith, Mrs. Spencer
1888 Solly, Rev. H. Shaen, M.A.
1908 Stephens, A. N., Esq.
1919 Stephens, Major J. A.
1918 Stote, Rev. A. W., M.A.
1895 Sturdy, Leonard, Esq.
1896 Sturdy, Philip, Esq.
1907 Sturdy, Alan, Esq.
1905 Sturdy, E. T., Esq.
1914 Sturrock, J., Esq., C.I.E.
1898 Suttill, H. S., Esq. 1905 Suttill, Mrs. John
1913 Swaffield, A. Owen, Esq. 1912 Swinburne -Hanham, J. C.,
Esq.
1893 Sykes, E. R., Esq., B.A., F.Z.S. ( Vice-President)
16, Victoria Terrace, Wey mouth The Cottage, Upwey Broadstone House, Wimborne Stalbridge Rectory, Blandford Hawkmoor, Paignton, S. Devon 12, Victoria Terrace, Weymouth Shorttake, Osmington, Weymouth Helmsley, Penn Hill Avenue, Park-
stone
Hallatrow, Bristol Thornf ord Rectory, Sherborne Mmterne Grange, Parkstone Knowlton House, Surrey Road,
Bournemouth
Hazelbury Bryan Rectory, Blandford The Manor House, Poyntington,
Sherborne Medical Officer's House, The Grove,
Portland
Mount Pleasant, Inkberrow, Wor- cestershire
The School House, Sherborne
The Vine House, Sturminster Newton
Southcote, Alexandra Road, Parkstone
Haddon House, West Bay, Bridport
Hayden Lodge, Holywell, Dor- chester
Colehill, Wimborne
Trigon, Wareham
The Wick Cottage, Branksome, near Bournemouth
Linden, East Lul worth
Norburton, Burton Bradstock, Brid- port
12, Greenhill, Weymouth
Pymore, Bridport
24, West Street, Bridport
Rodwell Lodge, WTeymouth
106, Goldhurst Terrace, N.W. Longthorns, Blandford
XXI.
1889
1904 1904
1912 1913 1901
1906
O.K.
1908 1890
1919 1910 1887 1916
1905 1904
1904 1917 1905 1908 1914 1904 1903
1884
1908 1906 1910
1916 1913 1913 1898
Symes, Colonel G. B.C.L., M.V.O.
P., M.A.,
Symonds, Arthur G., Esq. Symonds, Henry, Esq., F.S.A.
( Viet- President} Symonds, F. G., Esq. Symonds, Wm. Pope, Esq. TeUordsmith, Telford, Esq.,
M.A., M.D. Thomson, Chas. Bertram, Esq.,
F.B.C.S.
Troyte -Bullock, Mrs. Udal, His Honour J. S., F,S.A.
(Viee-Preiident) Udal, N. B., Esq., B.A. Usherwood, Bev. Canon T. E.,
M.A.
Veitch, W. Hardie, Esq. Vivian, S. P., Esq. Walker, Bev. S. A., M.A. Ward, The Ven. Algernon, M. A.,
.F.S.A., Scot. Ward, Samuel, Esq. Warry, Mrs. King
Warry, Wm., Esq.
Waterston, C., Esq.
Watkins, Wm., Esq., F.B.G.S.
Whitby, Mrs. J.
Widnell, Edward, Esq., M.A.
Wildman, W. B., Esq., M.A.
Williams, Captain Berkeley
C.W. Williams, Colonel Sir Bobert,
Bart., M.P. Williams, Miss Bhoda Winwood, T. H. B., Esq., M.A. Woodd, A. B., Esq., M.A.,
M.B.I.
Woodd, Bev. C. H. B., M.A. Woodhouse, Bev. A. C., M.A. Woodhouse, Mrs. A. C. Woodhouse, Mitt
Monksdene, Dorchester Boad, Wey-
mouth 10, South Street, Dorchester
Staplegrove Elm, near Taunton The Firs, Sturminster Newton Newton House, Sturminster Newton
The Knoll, Parkstone
Bomansleigh, Wimborne Silton Lodge, Zeals, Bath
2, Marlborough Hill, London, N.W. Gordon College, Khartoum
Bagdale, Farkstone Lullingstone, Wimborne 22, Boyal Avenue, Chelsea, S.W. Charlton Manor, Blandford
Sturminster Newton Vicarage
Ingleton, Greenhill, Weymouth
39, Filey Avenue, Clapton Common,
London, N.
Westrow, Holwell, Sherborne Bucknowle House, Corfe Caetl« 62, London Wall, E.G. Preston, Yeovil Boyston, Wimborne Newland, Sherborne
Herringston, Dorchester
Bridehead, Dorchester Bridehead, Dorchester Syward Lodge, Dorchester
Heckfield, Milford-on-Sea, Hants Toller Vicarage, Dorchester 49, Porchester Boad, Bournemouth Porchester Boad, Bournemouth Chihnore, Ansty, Dorchester
XX11.
1903 Woodhouse, Miss Ellen E. 1906 Woodhouse, Frank D., Esq. 1906 Woodhouse, Mrs. Frank D. 1902 Wright, Eev. Herbert L., B.A. 1910 Yeatman, H. F., Esq., M.A., B.C.L.
Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary Church Knowle Eectory, Corfe Castle,
28, Cecil Court, London, S.W.
Hollywood Eoad,
AFFILIATED LIBBIBIEB (Rule XXI.).
1911 Central Public Library Bournemouth
1915 Sherborne School Library Sherborne
The foregoing list includes the New Members elected up to and including the May meeting of the year 1919.
(Any omissions or errors should be notified to the Hon. Secretary.)
XX111 .
jttemtrm
ELECTED SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF THE LIST CONTAINED IN VOL. XXXVIII.
ELBCPED DEC. lira, 1917.
Nominee. Proposer. Seconder.
Mr. Rowland Corri«, of Coombe Kev. A. C. Almack Rev. J. Cross Wood, Btankaome Park
ELECTED FBB. 16TH,' 1918.
Miss Dacombe, of Dorchester J. M. J. Dacombe, Captain J. E.
School, Southfield, Dorchester Esq. Acland
Th« Rev. A. B. Hutton, L.Th., R. Hine, Esq. The Rev. E. W. J.
of Lodera Vicarage, Bridport Hellins
Miss Marston, of Rempstone Hall, The Rev. H. L. Dr. G. Dru Drurj
Corfe Castle Wright
G. E. Peachell, Esq., M.D., of Captain J. E. Acland Alfred Pope, Esq.
Herrison, Dorchester
Brigadier-General R. J. Pinney, of C. S. Prideaux, Alfred Pope, Esq.
Racedown House, Dorset Esq.
XXIV.
PUBLICATIONS.
Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club.
Vols. I.— XXXVII. Price 10s. 6d. each volume, post free. The Church Bells of Dorset. By the Rev. Canon KAVBN, D.D., F.S.A. Price
(in parts, as issued), 6s. 6d., post free.
By the PRESIDENT :
Second Supplement to the Lepidoptera of the Isle of Purbeck. Compiled from the notes of Eustace E. Bankes, M.A., F.E.S. Price IB.
The Volumes of Proceedings can be obtained from the Hon. Treasurer (Captain John E. Acland, Dorset County Museum) ; Mr. Mansel-Pleydell's works, from the Curator of the Dorset County Museum, Dorchester ; tha Lepidoptera of the Isle of Purbeck, from the President ; and the General Index, from the Assistant- Secretary (Mr. H. Pouncy, Midland Bank Chambers, Dorchester).
SOCIETIES & INSTITUTIONS IN CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE FIELD CLUB.
BODLEIAN LIBRARY, OXFORD.
BOURNEMOUTH NATURAL SCIENCE SOCIETY, MUNICIPAL TECHNICAL AND
ART SCHOOL, BOURNEMOUTH.
BRISTOL AND GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY, GLOUCESTER. BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON.
BRITISH MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, SOUTH KENSINGTON, LONDON. BRITISH ASSOCIATION, BURLINGTON HOUSE, LONDON. CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, CAMBRIDGE. DEVONSHIRE ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE.
AND ART (THE HON. GENERAL SECRETARY, CARE OF MESSRS. W. BRENDON
AND SON, PLYMOUTH).
ESSEX MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, STRATFORD, ESSEX. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, LONDON.
HAMPSHIRE FIELD CLUB (CARE OF MESSRS. GILBERT, SOUTHAMPTON). NATIONAL LIBRARY OF WALES (LLYFRQELL GBNEDLAETHOL CYMBU),
ABERYSTWYTH.
ROYAL SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, DUBLIN, IRELAND. SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, LONDON. SOMERSET ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, TAUNTON
CASTLE, TAUNTON. N UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE. WILTSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, DKVIZKS.
3Tt)e
OF THE
^Dorset jflatural Sjiatarp ant) Antiquarian
Club.
(DURING THE SEASON, 1917-1918.)
FIBST WINTER MEETING. Tuesday, December llth, 1917.
The Opening Meeting was held in the Reading Room of the County Museum at Dorchester on Tuesday, December llth. The President (Mr. Nelson M. Richardson) took the chair at 12.45, being supported by five Vice -Presidents, namely, the Rev. Herbert Pentin, Captain J. E. Acland, Captain G. R. Elwes, Mr. A. Pope, and Mr. H. Symonds. The small attendance at this meeting, only about twenty -five members being present, as well as at the other meetings held during the year, was undoubtedly due to the increased claims upon the time and work of almost every member of the community owing to the war.
One candidate for membership was elected by ballot, and five additional candidates were nominated.
Captain ACLAND suggested that, instead of meeting at 12.45 and adjourning at 2.0 for luncheon, the club should assemble at 1.30 ; thus giving time, after an early luncheon, for an unbroken session of three hours. After a considerable' amount of discussion, it was decided that for the present no change should be made.
XXVI. FIRST WINTER MEETING.
CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES IN UNION WITH THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON. — The HON. SECRETARY stated that the Congress had met this year ; but that, owing to war work, neither of the club's delegates (Mr. Nigel Bond and Mr. Fry) had been able to attend.
SHAFTESBURY ABBEY EXCAVATIONS. — The HON. SECRETARY read a letter from Mr. J. M. J. Dacombe, of Bournemouth, in which attention was directed to the state of neglect into which the excavations of Shaftesbury have fallen. " The tiles and old glass which have been stored in boxes for further examination," continued the writer, " have become heaps of rubbish, boxes have rotted and fallen to pieces. The found- ations of the walls and these heaps are overgrown with young trees and vegetation. The tile pavements left in situ are almost entirely destroyed, the severe weather of the past winter having flaked off the decorated surface. One hardly seems justified in uncovering these relics if they are to be left as they are, for in a few years the site will be a level wilderness. Cannot the Field Club do something ? "
It was decided that enquiries should be made.
TREE PLANTING. — Captain ACLAND read a letter from Mrs. BOSWORTH SMITH, of Bingham's Melcombe, in which she expressed a hope that, in view of the large number of trees which were being cut down, all who could do so would feel it their duty to plant others. She was herself practising what she preached, and, during the past week, had planted 26 young elms over six feet high all along the avenue, to take the place of those which had fallen.
EXHIBITS. BY THE PRESIDENT : —
(1). A small Roman terra-cotta flask-shaped ornament with raised designs.
" The Lodge Farm," Kingston Lacy, West Front.
" The Lodge Farm," Kingston Lacy, East Front.
FIRST WINTER MEETING. XXVll.
(2). A blue and white jasper ware medallion, dated 1789, representing " Hope addressing Peace, Labour, and Plenty," made by Josiah Wedgwood from clay sent to him by Sir Joseph Banks from Botany Bay.
BY MR. HENRY SYMONDS : —
(1). A copy of the original edition (1676) of " Observa- tiones Medicae," by Thomas Sydenham, M.D., of Wynford Eagle.
(2). A half crown of the Civil War period, attributed to the mint at Sandsfoot Castle.
(3). Greek bronze coins of Syracuse and of Magna Grecia, of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C.
BY MR. A. POPE :—
A photograph of the head of a cross which had been dug up in a garden adjoining the old manor house at Fiddleford.
BY MRS. THOMAS PEARCE : —
A number of ancient Egyptian articles which had been dug up in a tomb at Luxor, including a necklace, a few scarabs, and a little bronze vase.
BY CANON FLETCHER : —
Sketches and plans of an ancient building on the Kingston Lacy Estate, on which he read the following notes : —
Nearly 2$ miles from Wimborne, on the road to Badbury Rings, is an interesting old building. It goes by the name of " The Lodge Farm," but is now a labourer's cottage. The walls, the roof, the windows, and other details, bear witness to considerable antiquity, and seem to speak of an ecclesiastical origin. Nothing is known of its history, and there can only be conjecture as to its original purpose. There may, it is true, be some ancient documents hidden away at Kingston Lacy, or in the Estate Office, which would supply some information about it ; bat, for obvious reasons, the muniment room on a large estate is not always easy of access. And, moreover, the Bankes family, to whose representative Kingston Lacy belongs, only purchased the estate in the middle of the seventeenth century.
XXV 111. FIRST WINTER MEETING.
I have myself, at one time or other, paid many visits to the " Lodge Farm," and have recently had the advantage of the help of a gentleman, an architect by profession, temporarily resident in Wimborne, whose hobby is the careful study of ancient buildings. He has spent several days in studying the house, has taken careful measurements, and has made it the special object of his thoughtful consideration. I have made free use of his notes in the following observations.
The building may be divided into two distinct portions. The original portion is built of stone (rubble work). The external measure- ments are 33 feet by 23 feet. The walls are 3 feet thick ! Judging by the original roof, the date would be sometime in the fourteenth century. There were, in the first instance, neither floors, partitions, staircase, fireplaces, nor chimneys — the walls being probably unplastered. The entrance door would doubtless be larger than is the present one on the South Front, though the thick plaster, with which the whole of that front is now covered, prevents any part of the wall from being seen — and, consequently, the alteration in the size of the entrance from being traced.
The later portion, the kitchen building, was probably added, with the floors, some of the windows, and all other features in the main building — notably the staircase — when it was decided to turn the building into a dwellinghouse. The brickwork of which it is composed, being of the kind known as " Old English Bond " (or alternate courses of headers and stretchers), shows almost conclusively that it was added at least 250 years ago. The feet of the curved braces of the roof were cut off in order to allow the floor of the top story to be inserted. The fireplaces, as the west front shows clearly, were an addition formed in the thickness of the walls.
There is a gieat variety in the fittings, floors, windows, &c., &c. — scarcely two being alike. The stone heads to some of the windows, internally, are of the fourteenth century. There is an interesting piece of screen work which is used as a partition on the first floor. And a considerable portion of the flooring (first floor) is paved with bricks laid flat angularly. But what the construction of the floor is, or why it was thus paved, for the weight must be considerable, cannot at the present time be seen or known owing to the plaster on the underside of the ceiling.
The gentleman to whom I am indebted for his careful study of the building is of the opinion that the main building was originally (in the fourteenth century) erected as a tithe barn ; * and that the windows
* There was a barn at Kingston which, with the tithes arising in Kingston, belonged to the second prebend at Wimborne Minster. Hutchins' Hist, of Dorset, Vol. III., p. 192).
" The Lodge Farm," Kingston Lacy.
Window on ist Floor of S. Front
(from inside).
" The Lodge Farm," Kingston Lacy. Window, from inside, showing stone work above.
FIRST WINTER MEETING. XXIX.
and other fittings came three centuries later from a house of some pretentions ; * (e.g., such as might have been at Kingston Lacy), which would have been pulled down to give place to a larger one. I venture to think that, if this were the case, their ecclesiastical appearance would suggest that they belonged to the private chapel of the mediaeval house, if there was one. Or they might have been brought from the decayed church of St. Stephen ; f which is supposed to have stood some- where near to Kingston Lacy, and which was served by the clergy attached to the Minster at Wimborne.
BY MRS. DIXON : —
A long ribbon, which she had bought at Wincanton, woven in silver with the following amatory " posy " lines : —
" Betty Porter of Henstridge this and the giver is yours for ever and so pray God bless us both together. I am your humble servant, James Huson. 1721."
Mrs. Dixon said that she would be glad of information as to the purpose of the ribbon and to know whether there was any custom connected with it.
PAPERS. The following papers were read : —
(1). " Some unrecorded Deans of Wimborne," by Canon FLETCHER. (Printed).
(2). " New species of Birds observed in Dorset since the publication of Mansel-Pleydell's 'Birds of Dorset,' 1888," by the Rev. F. L. BLATHWAYT. (Printed).
* The present house was built in 1660 (and the exterior faced with stone, &c., in 1834) " on the supposed site of a palace of the West Saxon Kings." Hutchins* Hist, of Dorset, Vol. III., p. 236.
f The services at St. Stephen's were discontinued about the year 1550, as the inhabitants of the neighbourhood " wholly frequented the collegiate church."
XXX. FIRST WINTER MEETING.
Mr. HEWGILL inquired if there had been any increase in the number of nightingales in Dorset and the West of England of late years, as he noticed a great number at Burton Bradstock in 1912.
Mr. BLATHWAYT replied that the nightingale had been spreading westward all over England during the last 10 or 20 years, and was now found in Devonshire, where it used to be unknown.
Mr. A. POPE alluded to the falling off in the numbers of the corn-crake or landrail.
(3). " The Flora of Japan," by the Rev. C. H. B. WOODD, illustrated with samples of his collection of pressed specimens.
SECOND WINTER MEETING. XXXI.
SECOND WINTER MEETING. Tuesday, February 19^, 1918.
The second winter meeting was held in the Reading Room of the Dorset County Museum at Dorchester on Tuesday, February 19th. The proceedings commenced at 12.45. The chair was occupied by the President (Mr. Nelson M. Richard- son), who was supported by five Vice-Presidents, — the Rev. Herbert Pentin, Captain John E. Acland, Captain G. R. Elwes, Mr. Alfred Pope, and Mr. Henry Symonds. About twenty-five members were present.
Five candidates for membership were elected by ballot.
NATURAL HISTORY AND RESEARCH. — On the proposition of the PRESIDENT, seconded by Mr. PRIDEAUX, it was resolved to forward a memorial to the Committee of the Privy Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, urging an extension of their proceedings at the earliest possible opportunity to the natural history sciences, and the addition to their assessors of a representative of these sciences.
Attention was called to the delay in the publication of "the volume of the Club's Proceedings for the year 1917, which should have been in the hands of the members some time dur- ing the autumn. The HON. SECRETARY explained that the regrettable delay was due in no way to the printers, but to the author of the phenological report, a valuable feature, being so busy with war work that it was difficult for him to find the leisure needed to enable him to complete the report.
Captain ACLAND observed that many members of the club subscribed purely for the sake of the volume, which was excellent, and well worth the 10s. a year which they paid for membership.
The PRESIDENT observed that Mr. Parkinson Curtis's reports were admirable. He hoped that the manuscript would soon be forthcoming, so that the volume might be com- pleted and published.
XXX11. SECOND WINTER MEETING.
DORSET BOOKS FOR THE USE OF JUDGES ON CIRCUIT. — Captain ACLAND said that he had been assured that Judges on circuit and members of their retinue took much interest in the county and wished to have the opportunity of studying some books on Dorset. He had been asked if the Club would lend a set of their volumes, to be kept at the Judge's lodgings at the County House. The request was granted on the motion of Captain ELWES.
EXHIBITS.
BY THE REV. C. H. B. WOODD (whose second Christian name is Hampden, and who traces his descent from Ruth Hampden, the patriot's fourth daughter) : —
John Hampden relics, — including a piece of needlework done by Ruth Trevor, Hampden' s grand- daughter ; an engraved portrait with the appellation " Vindex Liberta- tis ; " a silver tankard commemorating jointly Oliver Cromwell and John Hampden his cousin, the cover of which was inscribed with the date 1653 and the words Paxqueritur bello ; a beautiful miniature of Hampden ; and a lock of his hair, cut off in 1828 when the body was exhumed by Lord Nugent in order that the reputed cause of his death might be verified. (No wound was found in his shoulder, but his right hand had been shattered by the bursting of his pistol.)
BY MR. H. SYMONDS : —
A volume of the Sherborne Mercury for 1744, containing particulars of the then " battle of Ypres," from which the British were driven out by the French. When a castle held by the French surrendered to the English, the French commandant made his offer in Latin ; but the English commander, who accepted the surrender, evidently felt unequal to give his answer in the Classical tongue so replied in English.
SECOND WINTER MEETING. XXX111.
BY ME. A. POPE : —
An early Victorian reading screen.
BY Miss DICKER :—
A beautiful piece of tapestry worked by a member of her family in Stuart times.
BY CAPTAIN ACLAND : —
A sampler of 1683.
Two old Spanish garters stamped with the mottoes, " Va a quedar usted contento " and " Tal vez dicera que si."*
BY CANON FLETCHER: —
(1). A leaflet printed in Paris in 1871, showing the exorbitant prices which prevailed during the siege of Paris by the Germans. A turkey fetched 190 francs (nearly £8), a goose 150 francs, a chicken 60 francs, 500 grammes (about lib. IJoz.) of ham 50 francs, the same quantity of mutton 12 francs, of ass and mule sausage 10 francs, of butter 60 francs, of margarine 18 francs.
(2). Some oyster shells which had been used in binding the mortar in the late 14th or early 15th century addition to the Norman tower at Wimborne Minster.
(3). Fragments of Roman pottery dug up in the Wimborne Cemetery ; a further link (with the tessellated pavement and other remains) with the Wimborne of Roman times.
BY MR. WIN WOOD : —
An ancient metal tobacco jar, with traces of enamel, which had been in his family for 150 years.
* These may be translated " Go and remain content," and " Very probably you -will say * Yes.' "
SECOND WINTER MEETING.
PAPERS. The following papers were read : —
(1). " Civil war coins believed to have been struck at Sandsfoot and Weymouth in 1643-44," by Mr. HENRY SYMONDS. (Printed).
The PRESIDENT congratulated Mr. Symonds on adding a new interest to Sandsfoot Castle and a new mint to Dorset.
(2). The introduction to " Abbot Bere's Survey of the Glastonbury Lands in Marnhull," by Canon MAYO, read by the Hon. Secretary.
(3). " Pipe Leases for Dorset," by Mr. E. A. FRY. (Printed).
ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. XXXV.
ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. Tuesday, May 14^, 1918.
The annual general meeting of the Field Club was held in the Reading Room of the County Museum at Dorchester on Tuesday, May 14th. The President (Mr. Nelson M. Richardson) was in the chair and was supported by three Vice Presidents, — the Rev. Herbert Pentin, Captain J. E. Acland, and Mr. Alfred Pope. About twenty members of the Club were present.
Two candidates for membership were nominated.
The PRESIDENT delivered his annual address, the fourteenth since his first election to the chair. It will be found printed on pages 1 — 19 of this volume.
Mr. POPE proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Richardson for his learned, valuable, and interesting address ranging over a vast field of research. This was carried with acclamation.
The HON. SECRETARY read his report for the year 1917-8 which was as follows : —
There is very little to report this year. No meetings were held in the summer, owing to the war, and the attendance at the winter meet- ings lias been small. But the winter meetings have kept the Club " carrying on," as papers have been read thereat which have formed the bulk of the annual volume of Proceedings. The membership of the Club continues to decrease little by little, and now stands at under SCO.
The HON. TREASURER then presented his account of the receipts and expenditure during the past year. (It will be found on page xli.). The balance sheet showed that the Club was in a very satisfactory financial position, although he regretted that, notwithstanding repeated applications, a considerable number of members had not yet paid their subscriptions.
The HON. EDITOR read the following report : —
I very much regret the delay in the issue of the volume of the Proceedings of the Dorset Field Club for the year 1917. It has been mainly due to the pressure of other work which has prevented the editor of the Phenological Report from sending in even a portion of
XXXVI. ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING.
his notes for the year 1916 until quite recently. As, however, he informs me that his Report for 1917 "is well under way," and as, practically the whole of the other matter is in hand, I shall be disappointed if the volume for 1918 is not published in much better time. The new volume will contain papers on " New Species of Birds observed in Dorset since the publication of Mr. Mansel-Pleydell's ' Birds of Dorset ' in 1888," by the Rev. F. L. Blathwayt ; " Some Unrecorded Deans of Wimborne," by the Editor, Canon Fletcher ; " Notes on the coins believed to have been struck at Sandsfoot Castle and Weymouth, in 1643-44," by Mr. Henry Symonds ; " Pipe Leases of Dorset," by Mr. E. A. Fry ; " Abbot Bere's Terrier of the Marnhull Estate," by Canon Mayo.* The volume will also contain the official accounts of the two winter meetings and of the annual meeting of the Club, with returns of Rainfall in Dorset in 1917, and the Pheno logical Report on first appearances of Birds, Reptiles, and Insects, &c., and the first flowering of Plants in the County during the past year, with other Nature Nojtes.
The PRESIDENT stated that, owing to the prohibition of photography during the war, the work of the Dorset Photographic Survey is under suspension.
Captain ACLAND read the following notes on " The Principal Additions to the Dorset County Museum during the year, May, 1917— May, 1918."
Although I have nothing to refer to on this occasion of such interest as the original MS. of Barnes' Dorset Poems acquired last year, the Museum collections have been enriched by some exhibits well worthy of notice, which I will briefly describe.
At the death of the Rev. W. Cornish, for many years Rector of Winterbourne Steepleton, and a Member of the Dorset Field Club since 1902, his executors found in the Rectory a Bronze Axe -head and a Stone Hammer-head, both excellent types of their class, and both found on the glebe land, and therefore of special local interest. They were submitted to Mr. Reginald Smith at the British Museum, who kindly described them for me in the following words : — " The Bronze Celt is almost the earliest form m metal, and shows the beginnings of the stop -ridge. The grooving on both faces is no doubt meant as ornament, and the lozenge -shaped facets on the sides are fairly common, but in England the type is not nearly so often found as the palstave, or the socketed celt. The quartzite hammer, or Macehead, has the
* Canon Mayors valuable paper is unavoidably postponed until a later Volume. — EDITOR.
ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. XXXVli.
' hourglass * shape perforation for the handle, which is taken to be Neolithic, as opposed to the straight drilling of the Bronze -age."
I have to thank the executors for enabling me to obtain theie interesting objects.
Mrs. Baxter, of Sherborne, has presented to the Museum two beauti- fully designed instruments for measuring human skulls, by which the cephalic index is calculated, and some light may be thrown on the characteristics of those races whose remains are found in our sepulchral barrows. Our late member, Lieut. -Colonel Baxter, was much interested in this subject, and often visited the outlying villages of Dorset, carry- ing with him these instruments to take skull measurements of the inhabitants. There is a well known saying ' Long barrows long heads ; Bound barrows round heads ; ' but in the Round -barrow period the population was of mixed races, and the rule could not hold good. At the present day the diversity of skull form is often very marked (e.g,, Mr. Lloyd George and Mr. Bonar Law). I feel sure that Mrs. Baxter would wish these instruments to be placed at the service of any member of the club who might like to carry on the investigations pursued by her husband.
Through the kindness of Mr. W. Hooper, we have acquired an iron spur found in his allotment ground in Victoria Park, Dorchester. It is remarkable for the length of the neck or shank, and the size of the rowell, and may be assigned to the end of the XVth century, as that appears to be the only period when this type of spur was in common use.
A well preserved relic of the XVlth Century has been added to our collection by Mr. Dicker. It is a large memorial stone measuring 2' 2* by 1' 3* with fine bold cut inscription " E.B. 1665 A.B." It was found and excavated by Mr. Dicker himself in a corner of the garden of No. 20, Trinity Street, Dorchester, and was probably built originally into the wall of a house over the doorway.
Coming one Century nearer to our own day, I may draw attention to the gift by Mrs. Perking, St. Leonard's Terrace, Weymouth, of a beautifully embroidered pair of satin shoes, with a history sufficiently accurate to enable us to assign them to the later part of the XVIIth Century. Mrs. Perkins says : " The shoes belonged to Miss Mary Jenkins who died at Chetnole in 1850, aged 96. They are said to have been the wedding shoes of her great -grandmother." Mrs. Perkins gave at the same time three Dorset worked samplers, one of which is dated 1630, and the others 1787 and 1792.
In the Geological Department, we have obtained a gocd specimen of Ichthyosaurus, which, though much smaller than others in the Museum, is in a much better state of preservation. The full length would have been about 4ft., but the end of the snout is missing. It
XXXV111. ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING.
was found many years ago at Lyme Begis, and is now presented by Mr. C. L. Warren.
The Corresponding Secretary of the Earthworks' Committee, Mr. C. S. PBIDEAUX, wrote : —
" I have no report to make on behalf of the Earthworks* Committee. I have a few unimportant facts noted for future use, and shall always be too glad to hear from any of the members as to finds, mutilations, &c., which may come under their notice."
Mr. HENRY SYMONDS wrote as follows : —
"The Numismatic Section Committee have nothing to report for the past year.
The train service is now too bad for attendance at to-morrow's meeting, so the Government have achieved their purpose in part."
The Report of the Restored Churches Sectional Committee was read by the Rev. A. C. ALMACK, the Corresponding Secretary : —
" The first object of the Committee was to secure, if possible, the assistance of a collector of information for each of the seventeen deaneries of the county. In this they were not altogether successful, and it will therefore be seen that from some deaneries no great amount of information relative to this inquiry has been obtained. To those who have given valuable assistance the thanks of the Committee and the Club are due-
The Committee limited their inquiry, according to their instructions, to the discovery of interesting features which had been lost in recent Restorations and Additions, and also have tried to avoid the repetition of changes which are already fully recorded in the last edition of Hutchins or in papers read before the Field Club ; but in such cases have tried to give the references to these volumes. Many interesting facts will be found to be recorded ; but we have also to report that in the case of many Churches the former features and conditions cannot now be exactly recovered, and in others appear to have been of no special mark of interest, and find no place in the following list. Some cases of the discovery of remains and features which were before unknown are also among our records.
The Forms of Inquiry sent out and returned have been carefully kept and arranged according to deaneries. They number about 200 ; but they do not represent all the work done, as in some cases the Rural Dean made report of all, and separate papers were not filled up.
ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. XXXIX.
The notes on the different Churches are herewith presented to the Field Club, and the Committee venture to hope that they may find a ermanent place in the published records of the Proceedings. The total number of Churches mentioned in this Report as having lost any features worthy of record will be found to be 108. Returns from a few more parishes were also obtained, but nothing worthy of printed record seemed to find a place in them. The detailed notes on each accompany this general statement of your Sub -Committee."
ELECTION OF OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES.
Mr. BARROW proposed the re-election of the able, pains- taking, and courteous President, Mr. Nelson M. Richardson. Canon FLETCHER, in seconding, said that Mr. Richardson's wide knowledge of the natural sciences and of archaeological subjects, coupled with his unfailing courtesy, qualified him pre-eminently for the post. The resolution was carried with acclamation. • f '••
Canon FLETCHER, in proposing the re-election of the Rev. Herbert Pentin as Honorary Secretary, said that he was a very busy man, having the duties of a military chaplaincy added to his parochial work and his literary studies, but that, forasmuch as the postponement of all outdoor meetings of the Club until after the war relieved the Secretary of a considerable portion of his work, they had less compunction in asking Mr. Pentin to accept the office again. This was seconded by Captain ACLAND, and carried with applause. The Hon. Secretary re- nominated Mr. H. Pouncy as assistant Secretary.
Captain Acland was unanimously re-elected Hon. Treasurer, as was Canon Fletcher Hon. Editor.
The PRESIDENT nominated for the ensuing year the retiring Vice-Presidents, with the addition of Canon Fletcher, " who has done much and very distinguished work for the Club/' and Mr. W. de C. Prideaux, " who, besides his work on brasses, &c., has done valuable service in important inventions."
The Sectional Committees.— The Directors of the Dorset Photographic Survey, the Earthworks Committee, the Numismatic Committee, and the Restored Churches' Com- mittee were all re-elected.
!>,}«>
_:eo<OOOOO<N
of ttje
By NELSON MOORE RICHARDSON, Esq., B.A. (Read May Uth, 1918.)
N presenting to you my 14th Annual Address I should like in the first place to offer the sympathy of both myself and the Club to all those members who have suffered the loss of relations and friends in the War ; and I fear that there are few of us to whom these bereavements have not come. As regards the members who have passed away from us, the oldest one is the Rev. Webster Maunsell, who joined the Club in 1879, and is best known for his work and life at Symondsbury, near Bridj^rt, where he was Rector for 33 years, and where I had the pleasure of meeting him on one of our excursions many years ago. Mr. Hugh Carl Forrester was elected in 1893 and occasionally attended our meetings. Mr. W. Neville Sturt joined us in 1898, and a paper by him will appear, I believe, in the next volume (Vol. XXXIX.) of our Pro- ceedings. He was much interested in archaeology, but
2 PRESIDENT S ADDRESS.
through residence abroad was unable often to be present at our meetings. Colonel Storer, elected in 1900, Mrs. A. T. Brinsley Sheridan (1903), Mr. Theo, Michell (1907), Lieut. - Colonel W. H. Baxter (1910), and Mr. Aubrey Edwards (1913), all attended our Meetings occasionally, and a paper by the last-named is printed in Vol. XXXV. of our Proceedings.
ZOOLOGY.
Though we are very fortunate in this country in being practically free from the insect bearers of disease germs which are found in so many parts of the world, especially warm climates, it has lately been estimated that no less than 226 different disease organisms are carried by various insects either to man or animals. Sleeping sickness, which is con- veyed by the tsetse fly, has been greatly diminished in French and Belgian Congoland, but is unfortunately spreading in Nyasaland and North Rhodesia. It seems proved that the trypanosomes are spread amongst animals by Tabanidae and other biting flies in areas free from the tsetse. The malaria -carrying mosquito, Anopheles maculipennis, has been found to be capable of carrying malaria in France, though I am not aware that cases of that disease of local origin have ever occurred either there or in this country, where the insect is also found sparingly. Government investigations are now being made as to its distribution in view of possible future danger from this source, which seems to be improbable, though of course possible. A useful illustrated pamphlet on this and other species of disease -bear ing mosquitoes is published by the British Museum of Natural History. The wonderful immunity of our .troops from jyphoid and other similar diseases during the present war, compared with former wars, is the best testimony to the strides which bacteriological science has made of late years. Had it not been for this our losses would have been far greater. In the early days of natural history there was a tendency to regard any specimens that differed from the type as distinct species.
PRESIDENT $ ADDRESS. 3
In very many cases, by breeding and otherwise, it has been shown that some species vary in an extraordinary degree, so that one hardly gets two specimens exactly alike. It*has lately been shewn from a long series of Rhizopods dredged in the N. Sea and N. Atlantic that a number of forms, hitherto classed as species under two genera, are all varieties of one species, Thurammina papillata, Brady. Luminous earth- worms have been observed in S. Africa on Table Mountain, the light proceeding from a viscid substance emitted by the worm. I think that a similar phenomenon has been seen in England ; but I am not sure of this. Some curious experi- ments have been made in training water-snails. Food is presented to the snail, which causes it to move its mouth parts, and its body is at the same time touched with a rod. After 48 hours training (whether continuous or not is not stated) the snail responds in the same way to the rod alone ; but after a period of 96 hours or less it ceases to respond, having by that time unlearnt its lesson, and discovered that the rod does not mean food. A plague of moths (Char was graminis) appeared last year from Cumberland to Derby- shire ; but, though in enormous numbers, the larvae confined their depredations to bent grass ( Nardus stricta), and there- fore did little damage. The Isle of Wight disease has been most destructive of late years amongst honeybees ; and in my own neighbourhood, as in many others, they have been so scarce that hardly a bee has been seen in my garden, except some recently imported Ligurians, distinguished by their banded bodies. There seems still to be some uncertainty as to the cause of this disease and its nature, the bacillus, Nosema apis, usually considered as a necessary accompani- ment of it, being often absent in apparent cases of it. leery a Purchasi, a sort of scale insect, a native of Australia, which does much damage to orange trees, has spread to other parts of the world, such as Ceylon and N. America. An entomolo- gist sent by the Government to Australia has brought back to California a number of ladybirds, which have been most effectual in destroying the pest. Earwigs seem not to be
4 PRESIDENT S ADDRESS.
much eaten by birds, as out of 128 species of British birds examined only 10 were found to contain their remains in their alimentary canal. Starlings and sparrows eat them occasionally. The severe and long-continued winter of 1916-7 was very destructive to many birds all through the country. In my own garden no blue tits, generally common, were seen, and some other birds were scarcer than usual. Government has taken some steps for the destruction of the house sparrow, which, though it may have some redeeming qualities, nevertheless consumes a vast amount of corn, of which the country is at present specially in need. Phea- sants, on the contrary, when not artificially fed with corn, seem to be distinctly useful, consuming large numbers of insects, slugs, &c., and very little grain. An interesting migration of the white-winged black tern ( Hydrochelidon leucoptera) has taken place in the west of Australia, where about Easter, 1917, it was found in great numbers as far south as Freemantle, about 1,000 miles south of its usual limits, having previously been very rare in that continent. It is suggested that the birds followed a swarm of dragonflies on which they were feeding. Whether the insects also migrated to the same extent is apparently not known, but seems improbable. The unusual spectacle of a cuckoo carrying an egg in its beak while flying low was observed in Cornwall last early summer, the bird being accompanied by its mate, which was uttering its usual cry. In these days of shortness of food it is interesting to learn that whale meat has been tried in America with very satisfactory results. The only trouble is that so few whales are stranded on our coasts that the amount of food yielded by them will make little difference to the general population ; but as it has not yet been rationed, should one come, it should provide a local feast ! It will be a satisfaction to the members of our Club to feel that the very valuable collection of spiders from all parts of the world made by our late distinguished Vice- President, the Rev. 0. Pickard-Cambridge, and containing more than 1,000 types, which was bequeathed by him to the
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 5
Oxford Museum, has been received there, together with his books and notes on Arachnida, and placed in the charge of the Hope Professor of Zoology.
BOTANY AND AGRICULTURE.
In the present state of our food supply our deficiencies in combating insect and other pests which attack our crops are brought home to us, and it behoves us to use our best endeavours to overcome them. I have lately heard a great deal about the strict inspection of orchards and crops in Australia, and how any trace of blight or other pest has immediately to be stamped out by the farmer by the destruc- tion of the tree or orchard, if no other means are successful. I fear that not many of our orchards would be left standing were this vigorous system adopted here, as they are usually left more or less to themselves, and but little is done in the way of pruning and general treatment. Nevertheless we often get very large crops, as last year. The gooseberry mildew seems to have somewhat improved ; but the recently imported potato-wart disease has spread. Potato spraying for the old potato disease has been intensively carried out ; and the balance of evidence seems to be in favour of this practice, though personally I have had the best crop I have had for years without any spraying at all. The effects of spraying are somewhat transitory, so that the process should be repeated two or three times during growth. Some interesting experiments conducted for 30 years have proved that some fermentation organisms (doubtless successive generations) can be kept alive artificially for that period by the employ- ment of a solution of cane-sugar and other nutrient media in a Pasteur flask. Higher organisms in the shape of cater- pillars, chiefly those of the winter moth ( Cheimatobia brumata), have done harm to apple and other trees in some districts by stripping them of their leaves. This is usually guarded against by a greased band round the trunk to stop the ascent of the wingless female moth when egg-laying. Some Scotch
6 PRESIDENT S ADDRESS.
experiments on manuring have shewn the yield of oats when fully manured to be about a third more than on unmanured plots, and about a third more also than the average yield in Scotland. As regards artificial manures, this country was chiefly dependent on Germany for its supplies of potash ; but a process has now been discovered by which sufficient can be obtained for our needs. The manufacture of other artificial manures has undergone great development ince the war in response to the closing of the usual channels of our supplies. Many other substitutes for substances formerly used for different manufactures have been found. Thus bark is used for making paper, willow herb (Epilobium hirsutum) andtypha instead of jute. These are in Germany, where jute is, I presume, unobtainable. Rhubarb leaves were recently recommended as a vegetable ; but questions have arisen about their wholesomeness ; and we may perhaps wait until compelled by necessity, as there are many wild plants which are more suitable for food. Ragwort has lately been put forward as a poisonous plant to cattle, though its effects are slow ; but it is an exceedingly abundant wTeed in many semi-waste pastures, and the animals in them must have always eaten a good deal of it with impunity. The cultivation of sugar-beet, which has never met with much success here, has now been encouraged b%y the Government with financial and other support, and it is- hoped that it may flourish. An estate in Nottinghamshire has been bought for this purpose. The growth of flax, hemp, and tobacco has been likewise aided by pecuniary grants. Little seems to be known about the flora of New Guinea, a collection of 330 plants made there recently being found to contain no less than 100 which were new to science. As the country is opened up this will no doubt be rectified. An African grass, new to -the locality, has suddenly appeared in the Island of Ascension, clothinc large bare tracts of volcanic ash with vegetation. An inter- esting account of the Somme battlefield last summer describes it as clothed with large masses of common flowers — poppies, chamomile, charlock, rosebay willow herb, and others,
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 7
covering the traces of the fearful bombardment which had torn its surface and made it in the winter a dreary waste of mud and water. By regularly screening plants of Tropaeolum during certain different intervals of the day considerable variations have been induced in colour and scent and even in structure, extra petals and spurs being formed under certain treatment.
GEOLOGY.
The geological age of the earth, that is, as I understand it, the space of time since the first rocks were formed by denudation, has been calculated in various wrays which do not all agree. Thus from measuring the rates of denudation now going on, the age of from 100 to 150 millions of years has been deduced. Astronomy gives rather less. Calcula- tions based on heat have been entirely upset by the discovery of the heat -producing properties of radium and radio-active elements, which exist all over the earth's surface. In con- nection with this discovery the age has, however, again been calculated on the basis of the time required for radium to pass through its transformations and the ratio of the quantity of lead to the quantity of uranium. This gives a much greater time, amounting to 1,500 millions of years ; but by more recent investigations of the amount of lead in Ceylon thorite, the age of 140 millions has been found, wnich is fairly in agreement with some other deductions. There are, however, some reasons for supposing that the decay of uranium may have been more rapid in early times, whicn would bring down the result of 1,500 millions to a figure more nearly approach- ing the other conclusions. It has been thought that the apparent greater fiequency of earthquakes at night than in the daytime was owing to their being more easily peiceived during the quieter hours ; but on counting the more intense Italian earthquakes only and omitting the smaller ones it was found that no less than 865 occurred at night to 638 by day, which strongly supports the belief in question. A bad earthquake occurred in New Zealand last August, doing
8 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
much damage in the N. Island, and another serious one in San Salvador early in June, 1917. A small movement in the seismograph at Shide in the Isle of Wignt is believed to have been caused by the Messines explosion on June 7th at 3.10 a.m., when 19 large mines, containing altogether about 450 tons of explosives, were simultaneously fired, making craters up to a size of 100 yards in diameter and 70 feet deep. Even the Arctic regions are now being worked for coal, wnich is being brought to Norway from Spit zber gen. it being estimated that tnis coalfield might produce 200,000 tons per annum. Coal is also found in Bear Island in the same region. To turn to fossils, a most interesting fossil of an Ichthyosaurus, shewing the skin and other soft parts, has been presented to the Natural History Museum from tne Lias of Barrow-in-Soar, Leicestershire. The skin of the paddle seems to have been ornamented with rosettes of dark spots. The stomach contained remains of cuttlefish. A nearly complete skeleton of a gigantic fossil bird from the Lower Eocene of Wyoming has lately been added to the American Natural History Museum, New York. It was nearly seven feet high, with a huge head 18in. in length, a large compressed beak, and a massive neck and small wings. A few fragments were discovered 40 years ago and named Diatryma. The skull of a new genus of bats, Zanycteris, has been discovered in a very early Tertiary formation in Colorado and seems to belong to a family still found in tropical America. Other more recent fossil bat remains have been found in caverns at Porto Rico. Specimens of huge fossil Dinosaurs of various species have also been obtained from Wyoming and from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta and Montana, including a nearly complete skeleton of Mono- clonius. These have been described by Professor Osborn.
ASTRONOMY.
In my address last year I alluded to the theory that the force of gravity was slightly affected by the motion of the
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 9
bodies concerned ; but further experiments have produced negative results, so that the theory is, so far, very doubtful. Rotation has been observed in several more nebulae during the past year, and the dimensions of the Ring Nebula in Lyra have been computed to be no less than 330 and 250 times the diameter of Neptune's orbit in the longer and shorter axes of the ellipse. This was done by ascertaining the parallax of a star which is associated with the nebula in question. The nearest star to our system is star Centauri, and a faint star in the same constellation has now been found to be at almost exactly the same distance from us. By a spectroscopic method it has been shewn that a definite decrease in the brightness of stars is almost certainly accompanied by an increase in velocity. Many stars have been shewn to possess proper motion of their own. Amongst others one of the 14th magnitude near 8 Arietis has the large proper motion of l'74in. per annum. The total number of stars down to the 16th magnitude has been estimated at 33,000,000. A small new star associated with a nebula in Cygnus has been dis- covered, and several others, including one, also associated with a nebula, in Andromeda. In this nebula no less than five novae have been noted of late years. .A total eclipse of the sun will take place on June 8th next, the totality lasting from one to two minutes over a belt about 60 miles wide stretching from Washington to Florida. Owing to the war no English expeditions for its observation have been organised ; but there will be some American ones. A solar prominence of unusual magnitude was observed on May 26th, 1916, which attained a height of half a million miles and a velocity of 457 kilometres per second, and then faded very rapidly. These prominences have been considered to be connected with sunspots ; but some observations, extending from 1904 to the present time, have not shewn this to be the case. On December 3rd last, a meteorite fell in Perthshire, exploding with great noise. Three portions were found, one of 22Jlb., which penetrated the earth to a depth of 20in., one of 2Jlb., which struck the lodge at Keithick House, Coupar Angus, and
10 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
one of 2 Jib., which buried itself 6in. deep. The furthest pieces were six miles apart ; and the luminous passage of the meteor, which was very brilliant in spite of bright sunlight, was seen by many observers. A very bright meteor was seen on October 1st, 1917, over an area extending from the N. of England to Somerset, and others on September 23rd, and other September dates, October 18th, and October 23rd. The standard time in New Zealand has hitherto been 11 £ hours in advance of Greenwich time ; but it has now been decided, in order to bring it into uniformity with international arrangements, that it shall be exactly 12 hours in advance of G.M.T. In timekeeping at sea, the practice has been to alter the clock whenever an observation chances to be made, which led to much uncertainty. It has now been settled that the time should be altered regularly on passing a meridian the time on which differed by an integral number of hour.s from Gieenwich time. The great telescope at Mount Wilson, which is nearly ready for use, has a mirror 101. 2in. in diameter, and is expected to render visible 300,000,000 stars.
METEOROLOGY.
Weather conditions for 1917, taking the results of the whole year, were not very different from the normal, the mean temperature at Greenwich, 49 degrees, being only half a degree less than the average, and the rainfall, 25. 3in., being 1.5in. more than the average amount. Snow fell at Greenwich on no less than 51 da^s, of w^hich 16 were in January. The fall, as measured in my rain gauge at Montevideo, Chickerell, was 22.92in., nearly 7 inches below the average for 18 years (29.63in.), the months of January, February, November, and December producing a total fall of only 4.87in., an amount which is often exceeded in one of these months alone. Some other parts of the British Isles, especially the East Midlands of Scotland, had a dry year. The winter of 1916-17 was, as will be remembered, exceptionally long and cold, whereas last winter was distinctly mild. August was unusually
11
wet and stormy everywhere, and at Montevideo was, with the exception of October, the wettest month of the year. One of the greatest falls during a thunderstorm in the London districts was experienced on June 16th, 1917, when amounts up to 3.37in. were measured between 5 and 7 p.m., which has only been exceeded in that locality in the same interval, by 3.42 on July 23rd, 1903, and 3.90 on April 10th, 1878. Here there was a good deal of thunder between May 26th and June 19th. On the night of March 7th there was a fine display of aurora in the neighbourhood of London and other more northerly places. This coincided with a large magnetic disturbance, whick reached its greatest intensity at about 2 a.m. on March 8th. It is suggested that this disturbance was connected with the large magnetic storm of December 16th- 17th, 1917, there having been repetitions on January 12th and February 8th, the interval in each case being 27 days. Some instances of rainbows caused by the rays of the sun being reflected from the surface of water have been recorded. In such cases the usual two rainbows are generally seen, and also portions of another pair, which cut the first two at the horizon and comprise much larger arcs of circles of similar sizes. After more than 3 years of war, opinions are still divided as to whether the rainfall is or is not influenced by gunfire, the evidence being very inconclusive on the subject.
ELECTRICITY.
The magnetic storms of December 16th, 1917, and March 7th, 1918, have already been alkided to. Another of consider- able magnitude occurred on August 9th- 10th, and was also noted from Australia, where it was accompanied by a display of aurora. The magnetic survey work of the " Carnegie," which in the winter of 1916-17 surveyed the portions of the ocean between San Francisco and Easter Island, and thence to Buenos Ayres, shows that the errors of the British Admiralty charts in the first portion are less than half a degree, and slightly more in most of the second portion from Easter Island
12 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
to Buenos Ayres. Round Cape Horn the charts are practically correct. A Report on the magnetic survey of New Zealand, which was commenced in 1899, has also been lately published, Further experiments in electrifying crops have been made in Dumfries with satisfactory results. The electricity was applied from overhead wires, and the crops of oats subjected to it produced 49 per cent, more in grain and 88 per cent, in straw than crops grown in adjacent patches in the ordinary way. Furthermore, crops of clover grown after the oats were much improved, though the electricity was discontinued. The extra profit was £6 7s. and the cost of electricity only 11s. for the acre so treated. In connection with this subject, my niece, Miss Rogers, tells me that at Hampstead, where she lives, the trees and shrubs near the road electric lights always come out before those further away, and that in the last two years, when the electric lights have not been used, this difference in time of shooting has not taken place. Boats controlled by wireless electricity have been used in the war. Fog signals are also worked in this way, the machine being started by wireless at the beginning of a fog and continuing to explode automatically at intervals until stopped.
CHEMISTRY.
One of the many important industries which have necessar- ily developed or greatly increased in this country since the war, and in which we have hitherto depended chiefly on German supplies, is that of dyeing. In 1915 " British Dyes, Ltd," was started with a capital of £2,000,000, and lately the Govern- ment has sanctioned a scheme involving an expenditure o* several millions of pounds. There is probably much in regard to dyes which we do not know, and the services of research chemists will be most valuable. America has also made great strides in supplying itself with the dyes which it cannot now import. An Australian Chemical Institute has been formed, with its headquarters in Sydney, with the object of advancing the science generally, holding examinations
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 13
and granting certificates of competency. Analyses of the ashes of a number of different plants have shewn the presence in the plants of minute quantities of some of the rare elements, such as lithium, rubidium, caesium, chromium, vanadium, barium, strontium, and titanium. Aluminium, lithium, and rubidium were practically always present. In these experi- ments the earth in which the plants were grown contained traces of the elements found in them. As regards the pro- duction of nitric acid, ammonia, and other useful chemicals from waste products, some progress has been made, as well as in the fixation of the nitrogen contained in the air, though this latter has not yet taken a practical form in this country. Some substitutes for platinum, which has now reached a value of about five times that of gold, have been discovered and can be used for certain purposes. They are mostly compounds of gold with iridium, titanium, or other metals.
ENGINEERING.
The Report of the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics for the year 1916-7 has lately been issued, and deals with much experimental work that has been carried out with regard to aeroplanes both in their structure and materials, and in their behaviour in flight. One great difficulty is that of finding the course when the earth is hidden by clouds, as the aviator is unable to perceive the effect of the wind which carries him out of his direct line. Our aeroplanes seem to have improved very much of late and to have quite the upper hand of the German ones, from the relative numbers of those destroyed which are published in the newspaper reports. A flight of 650 miles, from Turin to London, was made on September 24th last, the journey occupying 7 hours 20 minutes, a rate of 89 miles per hour. The same aviator had previously made a flight of 920 miles without stopping, from Turin to Naples and back, — a fine record. The use of aeroplanes for postage and commercial purposes after the war is being considered, and it has been calculated that
14 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
parcels can be thus carried from London to Paris in 3 hours at a charge of a halfpenny an ounce so as to leave a profit. One of the most sensational surprises which the Germans have given us is the long range gun used to bombard Paris from a distance of 75 miles. It is considered that the shell must traverse for a large portion of its course, high parts of the atmosphere of extreme tenuity where the resistance is small, and that the initial velocity must be about 5,000 feet per second. The great demands on steel for war purposes have led to the building of wooden ships in America for freight purposes, but in this country wood is probably too scarce at present to be thus used, and the output of steel has been greatly increased since the wrar began. Another material which has been used is reinforced concrete, but time is re- quired to shew how far this is trustworthy. It is strong when used for buildings, but liable to cracks under strain. The work of lifting into position the central span of the Quebec bridge was successfully completed last September, the weight being 5,000 tons and the height 150 feet. Another large work lately finished is the Arrowrock dam in Idaho, U.S.A., which is 348 feet high, 1,100 feet long, and 140 feet thick at the base and composed of reinforced concrete. In the present difficulty about coal, the water power available in the various countries is assuming more importance. In England this is unfortunately very limited, being estimated at only 396,000 horse-power as against 9,200,000 in France, and somewhat smaller amounts in other countries. Experi- ments have shewn that one of the best methods of storing coal is under water, in which case it surfers no deterioration. Coal gas stored in cylinders or otherwise has in some cases taken the place of petrol for motor omnibuses and taxis, and is probably capable of further development, 250 c. feet of gas being about an equivalent of one gallon of petrol. A prize of £1,000 has been offered by the Automobile Associa- tion in connection with this subject. It seems doubtful whether petroleum exists under the surface in this country, but there seems somd prospect of attempts being made to
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 15
solva the question by means of drilling. Some coals, such as cannel coal, will yield about 20 gallons of petroleum to the ton, which may prove a valuable asset in our resources. A Report on a recent re-levelling of a line from the English Channel to the Bristol Channel shows very slight dis- crepancies from the former levelling which was carried out in 1838. In one length of 57 miles the difference is only .92in. The final conclusion arrived at is that there is no evidence of any change in the relative levels of the marks on the shores of the two channels in the past 80 years. A manufacture which has greatly developed in this country since the war is that of glass, in regard to which for some of the finer kinds, especially optical glass, we were to a great extent dependent on Germany. A new department of Technical optics has also been established at the Imperial College of Science and Technology to encourage and help forward this undertaking, and it is stated that samples of English optical glass have stood certain tests applied to them better even than that made at Jena. At the present time it is desirable to utilize all waste products as far as possible, and a patent has been taken out for making roads with a mixture of old boots, asphalt, and stone of some kind, the leather being said to make an excellent and lasting road- way, about 89,000 pairs of boots being required for a mile of road 8 yards wide.
GEOGRAPHY.
Little has been done in the way of exploration owing to- the war, but news has been received of the American Crocker Land Arctic expedition, by the arrival of one of its members from N. Greenland, a sledge journey of 1,400 miles. The expedition had been doing geological and other scientific work and taken seismological observations. The only other expedition of which I have a note was along the Nile-Congo watershed in 1915, on which a paper has recently been pub- lished in the Geographical Journal, together with a map of the district, which forms a fairly level strip of high country ,
16 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
suitable for a railway. About a quarter of the whole of India had been mapped in 1916 by the survey then being proceeded with, but this was stopped by the necessities of the war, and the rest must wait till its conclusion. The Australian transcontinental railway is now practically com- pleted, and runs from Kalgoorlie in Western Australia to Port Augusta in S. Australia, a distance of about 1,050 miles. It opens out a large tract of country and will shorten the time of the journey from England to the Eastern parts of Australia by two or three days.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY.
The completion of the second and concluding volume on the excavations at Glastonbury is an event upon which Mr. St. George Gray, who has so often been associated with our Club, and his co-editor, Dr. Bulleid, are to be congratu- lated. It forms one of the most full and interesting accounts that have been published in this country of a prehistoric people, as deduced from the various implements and other relics which have been found in and about their dwellings, and from the remains of the dwellings themselves. The 3rd report of the Committee for the exploration of the Irish caves deals with the Castlepook cave, Co. Cork, which yielded more than 30,000 bones and teeth, but no evidence of man's habitation. Among these are the remains of the cave hyaena and also of the lemming, which at the present day occurs in such vast numbers in Scandinavia, as well as of a new species of lemming. Bones of bear, reindeer, and mammoth were also found. A mammoth skeleton, associated with worked flints, was found in the course of military excavations near Bapaume. A human skeleton of Anglo-Saxon date, accompanied by a long sword, a large spear, and a small one all of iron, wras unearthed at Horncastle recently. Swords of this period are very rarely found in burials, and this one has found a resting place in the Hull Museum. Attention
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 17
has also been called to some bronze-plated iron articles of pre-Roman times from the Pilgrims' Way near Canterbury, now in the Manchester Museum. The bronze covering or plating of iron at this early period is of great interest. Rock paintings found in Bushman caves in S. Africa are believed to represent historical incidents or possibly occur- rences in hunting. The excavation of some of the wonderful ancient buildings in Mexico has been resumed and is expected to yield interesting results. A description of the human remains found at Boskop in the Transvaal in 1913 is published in the Transactions of the S. African Royal Society. The skull appears to represent an early phase in the development of a race of Neanderthal men. The habit of putting their kings to death, either at the end of a fixed term or on the failure of the king's health and strength, or on the happening of some great public calamity, has been practised by various races, and is now shewn to have been a custom of the Khazars, who dwelt on the Western shores of the Caspian and gave it their name. They reached a high degree of culture in spite of this barbarous practice.
GENERAL.
The war is naturally now the chief thought in the mind of everyone, and all our actions and new laws are directly or indirectly influenced by it. It afforded a justification for the introduction of Summer Time to those who opposed it, and this year the period has been extended by five weeks, to the saving of gas and other sources of light which, like so many of our necessities, have become scarce and dear. Many other economies have had to be introduced in regard to food and other things, and all waste products utilized as far as possible. For instance, from the waste fats from army camps, sufficient soap is now made for all Government re- quirements, as well as a large amount of glycerine for mun- itions and some other products. Our meat rations are being
18
reduced, and, considering the fact that it is stated to require at least 121b. of grain to make lib. of meat even in such a profitable animal as a pig, it would seem better for us to eat the grain ourselves to the fullest possible extent. By a central London railway goods clearing house and in- genious machinery, it is hoped to dispense with a large number of railway wagons in use under the present system, and effect a great economy. Most of these new arrangements, to which we have been driven by causes arising from the war, will doubtless stay with us after it and affect for good our national prosperity. The metric system and decimal coinage both find favour in many quarters, and their introduction is probably only a question of time. A Bill for the establish- ment, of decimal coinage has been introduced in Parliament with the sovereign as the unit, divided into 1,000 " mils," of which one " mil " would approximately equal a farthing. An Aerial Post has already been established between Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia. It was started on June 27th last, by two seaplanes flying between Naples and Palermo, each carrying 100 kilogrammes of mail bags. A scheme in con- nection with our mineral productions, which amount in value to £150,000,000, is the establishment of an Imperial Mineral Resources Bureau, which will deal with their development and utilization. Many large buildings,both public and private, have been taken over by the Government for war purposes, and it was seriously intended that the British Museum should be converted into offices for the Air Board, but the proposal, meeting with great opposition from scientists and others, was finally abandoned, as other premises were available. The plan could hardly have been carried out without great damage, if not destruction, to many of the priceless collections, and nothing but real necessity would justify it. Several attempts have been made at various times to produce a language suitable for universal use, but the idea has never been extensively adopted. The nearest approach to this state of things is Latin, which used to be a means of communi- cation amongst the learned of different »ations,and was doubt-
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 19
less much more used than at present. Volapuk, Esperanto, Ido, and Simple are all languages manufactured for this purpose, the two latter being probably the best. It has been suggested that Latin should be now taught as a living language, with this object in view, but a uniform pronunciation would be necessary. Another point nearly related to this would be uniformity of letters of the alphabet in writing ; and ingenious plans have been proposed for turning Russian into Roman script. A curious instance of the desirability, at least in Mathematics, of not accepting a rule as universal without actual proof, in spite of its being apparently almost certain, is furnished by a theory in regard to prime numbers, that is, numbers which are indivisible by any other number. A rule as to the number of prime numbers less than any given number had been shewn to hold good when the given number was not greater than 1,000,000,000, and it was naturally supposed to hold good universally. But it has recently been shewn that for some very high numbers it fails. We are always pleased to hear of any distinction obtained by those connected with us, and I would offer our congratulations to our distinguished Honorary Member, Dr. Smith Woodward, on the award to him by the Royal Society of a Royal Medal for his researches in Vertebrate Palaeontology, on which he is one of the highest authorities. He has always taken an interest in our Club, and has contributed to our volumes of Proceedings. I have always found him most kind in giving valuable help and information. I should like also to congra- tulate our Member and Vice -President, Sir Daniel Morris, whose papers we have listened to with the greatest interest on several occasions, on his election as President of the S.E. Union of Scientific Societies. Our Club is, with its individual members, like the nation, passing through an ordeal, and can only carry out the objects of its existence to a limited extent. We can only hope that before our Annual Meeting again comes round, the efforts of ourselves and our Allies may have been crowned with victory, leading to a lasting and universal peace.
& Commercial ?Dap Soak of jfotjn Kictjaris of MarmtodJ
By W. NEVILLE STURT.
(Read 20th February, 1917.)
•HE reason of my venturing to come before you by proxy is that some years ago I had the good fortune to come into possession of a Commercial Day Book which belonged to Mr. John Richards, of Warmwell.
We are indebted to the late Mr. W. Bowles Barrett, of Weymouth, for repro- ducing in our Proceedings extracts from a Diary of Mr. Richards for the five years, 1697- 1702,* and thereby putting us upon a footing of intimate acquaintance with him for that period of his life. Most of us, I think, would be glad to know as much of our own kin who lived 200 years ago as Mr. Richards reveals of himself in his too brief diary. It is a simple record of a country gentleman who managed his estate with care, entered
* Proceedings, Dorset Field Club, 30—49.
Vol. XXVIII. (1907), pages
A COMMERCIAL DAY BOOK. 21
with zest into the sport of that time, and was recommended to his friends by his genial nature and his hospitality. He had a near neighbour in his brother James, described by Hutchins as of West Knighton and of the City of London, merchant, who is stated to have bought the manor from the family of Ward and Lisle of Moyle's Court, and to have built on it the existing house.
John Richards had two sons, John and William, the elder of whom he tells us he put to School at Wimborne, in 1702. This son is omitted from the genealogy of the family in Hutchins ;t and Thomas, for whose existence there is no other authority, is substituted. Probably Mr. Hutchins or his printer converted the abbreviation " Jno." into " Tho.," Thomas instead of John being the result. Anyway John disappears from the story, unless he can be identified with " John Richards of Tiverton," who appears in connection with a simple business transaction in 1722, the year after his father's death.
Apart from Mr. Richards's account of his settled life at Warmwell, we have believed with Mr. Barrett that when in 1687 he bought the manor of Warmwell he cast off the cares of business and continued to live in Dorset until, to the regret of his friends, he departed this life in 1721. But the book before you shews that from Jan., 1713 — and how much earlier we cannot say — until June, 1718, when apparently, through failing health, he no longer took an active part in the business of the firm, he represented the house of Richards in London, trading with Spain chiefly, but also with Holland, France, Italy, Russia, and the Spanish Main. It is a wreighty volume, vellum bound and in good condition after a century or more of neglect. " Laus Deo " appears on the first page and on the turn-over of every leaf, as in Germany up to recent times were written or printed the words " Gott mit uns." (Parenthetically and with an apology for the digression, I
f Hutchina's History of Dorset, 3rd Edit. (1863), Vol. II., page 499.
22 A COMMERCIAL DAY BOOK.
wonder whether some lingering memory of this practice may have prompted the Germans somewhere in France to set up a board facing our trenches with the old words of faith writ large on it, to edify or intimidate our soldiers. The attempt failed, for our side promptly set up another board with the words " We've got mittens too.")
Though the book has neither title nor signature of Mr. Richards, the ownership is fixed by a letter dated Dec., 1716, in which the Lord Mayor of London calls upon the chief magistrate of Porto Maria in the Kingdom of Spain for his good offices in favour of John Richards, " merchant, a citizen and inhabitant of the City of London," who had been appointed to receive the bankrupt estate of an English merchant. Mr. Richards was to exercise his powers through the agency of the firm of Brown and Butler, merchants at Cadiz and his correspondents at that port.
To fix the identity of this John Richards with the 'Squire of Warmwell we turn to p. 27, and read that " George Richards my brother is Dr. to James Richards of Knight on, for Cousin James' half year's rent due at Lady Day, £25." The owner of the book is therefore brother to George Richards, who is elsewhere described as of Longbredy ; and we are told of the existence of a cousin, James Richards, who does not appear in Hutchins's genealogy. James of Knighton and " Cousin James " are one and the same in this quotation, because the cousin is throughout the book described as of Knighton, to distinguish him from " James my brother."
" James my brother " may have been a merchant in the City of London at some time, as stated by Hut chins ; but it is probable that on this point he was confusing James with John, for during the period embraced by this book he was certainly a cloth manufacturer of Exeter. The transac- tions between the brothers were very numerous. In the following example James appears in two characters, as a manufacturer and as an agent —
" Divers Merchandize Dr. to James Richards, my brother, for 10 Balles long Ells, 7 per Captain Dodge (that is by sea),
A COMMEKCIAL DAY BOOK. 23
3 per waggon, viz. : — 150 pieces Sandfords bought for me, £234 ; 150 pieces his own make, £225." James drew bills on John for value of goods supplied. In nine cases out of ten these bills were discounted by John Newman, who on p. 624 is described as of Exon. It is a fair inference that James also lived at Exeter, which we know to have been an important centre of the cloth industry.
Accepting as a fact, what we are not in a position to deny, that John, when he became master of Warmwell, did give up his connection with the firm, is it possible to reconcile it with the other fact that in 1716 he is described as a citizen and inhabitant of London ? When and why did he return to the old life ? Is it possible that the cessation of the diary in 1702 synchronised with this step ? George Richards is described in Hutchins's History of Dorset, Vol. II., p. 184, as an eminent Spanish merchant, and it is stated that he was High Sheriff of the County in 1710. Is it possible that John and George were partners, and that John, the elder brother, wishing to lead a country life, or for some other reason, dissolved partnership or became a sleeping partner in 1687, in which year he would have been about 42 years of age ? Then possibly in, or about, 1702 the same desire came upon George ; and John, being unwilling to see the family connection with a very good business come to an end, decided to take up again his citizenship of London and to resume his work. George must have been well established at Longbredy before he could be eligible for the position of High Sheriff. In Hutchins we also find that on the death of George in 1724, three years after that of John, there was a contest between his son and the Richards 's, of Warmwell, which was decided in favour of the former. This dispute might have been connected with the terms of the dissolution of partnership, or with the terms of John's conjectured resumption of the London business. Why, again, is it that James, of Knighton, was John's brother between 1697 and 1702, and his cousin between January, 1713, and the latter 's death, after a linger* ing illness, in 1717, when, it may be mentioned, Joseph Darner
24 A COMMERCIAL DAY BOOK.
was one of his executors? My theory, a bold one, is that James's cousins were partners in the cloth business at Exeter, and that the brother of John, anxious to be near him, dissolved partnership or left the management to his cousin. Then the latter 's health gave way, and at the same time John was resuming his work in London and would be fre- quently absent from Warmwell. There was not the same inducement therefore to live at Knighton, and the cousins exchanged places. For these reasons I am inclined to think that John returned to London and his brother went to Exeter in or about 1702.
*s It is at any rate certain that cousin James, according to the book, lived at Knighton up to his death, with the exception of a short time when he is described as "of Dorchester," where he probably went to be near his doctor.
The dispute between the heirs of John and George Richards leads to a consideration of another question. Who carried on the business of John Richards after his death in 1722 ? Hutchins says that William was a merchant, and it has been supposed that he succeeded his father ; but there is nothing in the book to show that he did ; indeed, there is strong evidence to the contrary. There is no mention of John or William.
There can, I think, be little doubt that, at the beginning and throughout a great part of the Day Book, we have the actual handwriting of John Richards, and a fine example it is of the best script of the time. Regarding this book as a sort of private memorandum book, the following entries can hardly be in any but John Richards 's own handwriting.
Jan. 1, 1715. First there is a payment to Richard Locke "for 3 qrs. Bed and Board for myself and two servants from Lady Day to Christmas last past, 9 months, £56 5s."
Next come " Sundry disbursements on myself, Coach, horses and servants, &c., £481."
Then — " I compute my £5,000 stock to be worth at the markett price of 98 p.c., £4,900."
A COMMERCIAL DAY BOOK. 25
(In March, 1718, the stock stood at 113 per cent., and Mr. Richards 's shares were worth £5,650. The crash came, I think, in the 1720s. Let us hope that Mr. R. sold at the top price.)
The fourth entry is " Cash Dr. to Profit and Loss, £500 received of William Rooke, for taking of his son John apprentice."
The days' record is interesting. It shows Mr. Richards living on a very modest scale in the house of Richard Locke, and at the same time spending what represents in the present day about £1,000 on horses and carriages.. For a frugal man this was lavish extravagance. One wonders, had Mr. Richards been pricked for Sheriff, and was the admission of John Rooke to the firm suggested by the pleasing thought that his premium would pay for the carriages and horses ?
People now-a-days often find it expedient to conceal from their friends the nature of the business which calls them daily to the city. In Mr. Richards 's time the motive to do so was greater, because the social gulf between trade and the land was wider than it is now, and, moreover, the absence of railways, telegraphs, and any regular post made concealment easier. Also, I take it, there was a camaraderie among business men of that day. They kept to themselves their knowledge of their friends' affairs ; they did in fact as they would be done by. They honoured each other all the more that, as men engaged in making money in an honourable way, they were looked down upon while so doing only. John Rooke, the apprentice of Jan., 1715, apparently succeeded Mr. Richards in 1722, if indeed he had not become partner earlier, for his name occurs in connection with some later recorded trans- actions. So far as I know, Hutchins is the only authority for the statement or for the belief that William succeeded his father. His name does not appear in the book, nor does John's, except on the one occasion already referred to.
Having two sons of an age to succeed him, why did Mr. Richards take an outside apprentice ? Probably because they preferred to be left independent of business, and their
26 A COMMERCIAL DAY BOOK.
father was in a position to meet their wishes. In selecting for apprentice the son of the dyer to the firm, he had a regard to the sum which he would be willing to put down for the purchase of the business connection.
I have, I think, gone over all the more important points of variance between the hitherto accepted evidence regarding Mr. Richards and his family and the new evidence now brought forward. I know that my attempts to explain the difficulties are largely conjectural, and I am prepared to be set right where my explanations are unsatisfactory by those whose local knowledge is greater than my own. With regard to the vast amount of information contained in this book, I will not attempt to do more than to give a very brief summary under a few heads. To do justice to the subject would require all the skill and the patience of an expert in commeree.
Mr. Richards 's largest transactions were in the Spanish trade, and the most important item was Spanish wool, classed as Leonesa, Segovia, Paullars, Santiago, &c., the price varying from Is. 3d. to 2s. lOd. a pound-; but Vigonia, a wool of superior fineness used in the manufacture of hats, com- manded the price of 4s. 9d. a pound. The bulk of the wool imported was re-exported to Spain and Portugal, as much as 9-10ths of the cloth manufactured in Colchester about 1656 going to those countries. It went in the form of long cloth, serges, bags and sags, hose, &c.
Bags and sags were introduced into the Eastern Counties by the Dutch Strangers who in 1565 fled from the tyranny of the Duke of Alva and were allowed to settle in Colchester " for such services as are not usual with us." Their industry went by the name of the " New Draperies," to distinguish it from the " Old Draperies " (broad cloth, kersies, &c.), which had long flourished in Essex. " Bags " was a kind of coarse woollen stuff which was exported to Spain, its chief use being for clothing the nuns and friars, and for linings in the Army. " Sag " was much the same, but lighter. Perpetuana, in trade " p.petts," Spanish for " durable," was also manu- lactured chiefly for the Spanish market.
A COMMERCIAL DAY BOOK 27
Before the close of the 16th century the Dutchmen, who were respected for their honest dealing and great industry, had " attained to a far greater substance than any of the markets of the town." The trade with Spain was much reduced by the war with that country in 1739, and very soon after the trade had in a great measure moved to the West Country and the North, where living was cheaper and coal plentiful. By 1784 the Dutch workers had all left the trade, many having become merged in the native population. An old Bag and Sag factory — now an almshouse — exists at Dedham, but of " Bag " or " Sag " I was told that a sample or two of a few inches square is all that remains in some Museum of the actual old stuff.
One shipment by Mr. Richards, of 52 pieces of Colchester Bags, p. " Rose " galley, Abraham Le Mesurier, Master comprised " scarlets in grain, whitened, Emerald greens Reds, Blacks, Yellows, and deep Blews, Scarllet and Striped, and flowered Calamaucos (a glossy woollen stuff much used in the 18th century), comprising some of ' the very choicest of Norwich.' ' Other manufactures were " women's scarlet and men's short black hose," mixed serges of Exon, men's short knitt Guernsey and women's Jersey hose, and Rowling Guernsey hose, — to name only a few of Mr. Richards 's dealings in woollen manufactures.
Next to wool the most valuable import was that of wine in the various qualities of Sherry or Xeres, Tents, Red Galician, which seems to have been allied to Red Port, Canary, Moinitani Malaga, &c. The Import duties were very heavy, amounting to half and sometimes as much as 2-3rds of the gross selling price on landing. Tavern keepers were large buyers, taking as a rule two to twelve butts at £25. Among the Taverns named are " The Salutation " at Billingsgate, the " Sun," Milk Street, the " Fountaine " in the Strand, the " Dolphin " in Tower Street.
Oil was an important item ; one account is for 156 Butts and 73 hhds. and an ullage of Seville Oyle, value £4,540, and 110 gallons, sold to the trade in various quantities from 1
28 A COMMERCIAL DAY BOOK.
Butt (£21) to 12 Butts. Here again the general charges amounted to one -third of the landing price. Among other items Figgs, 505 cwt. sold for £444. Indigo, 160 barrels, sold at 23s. per cwt., this produce coming from Jamaica, from British Plantations and from S. Domingo. It was " forwarded to me by land carriage from Bristol by Lewis Casamajor." Cochineals — 17s. 6d. to 24s. 6d. a pound net. Musk— 7s. 6d. per oz. Twelve barrels of Dantzig Tar were bought by Peter Hill, of Falmouth, for £15. One thousand quintals (a quintal is 200 pounds) of Merchantable Fish were delivered at Bilbao, in the " Two Friends " of Weymouth, Rd. Sturzaker Master, at a cost of £902, which included £60 for "running the Riske from Newfoundland."
The clock and watch makers of that time in London were Thomas Windmill (would he be the father of Windmill Street, Leicester Square ?) and Daniel Quares. One or the other furnished a large spring repeating clock at £56, and a gold repeating watch at £68. Furniture has the item, " 12 armed chairs and 12 without, all blew Japaned and gilt," of Charles Eyre, £65. Quinine went by the name of Jesuits' Bark. Twenty hhds. of Tobacco (7,525 pds.) were bought from Tobias Bowles at 3J p. pound. From Archangel were imported Candles, Wax and Tallows. Wheat was then an export, as we find a payment " to Jno. Radbourne of my fourth part of what his salt in France cost more than the corne he conveyed out from hence purchased."
The vessels which ran the risks of the voyage to Cadiz and to Bilbao crossing the Bay were mere cockles, — " galleys " very often. We come upon a new vessel to be built of 200 Tunns or thereabouts ; of the ship " Union " of 120 Tunns ; of the " Rosario " wrecked on the Lizard from Vigo, in connection with recovery of cargo, a business in which William Fry of Bristol, and Ralph Allen, Postmaster, were concerned.
In conclusion I think that in gratitude for the recovery of this book we may in all reverence end with the words in which the good old 'Squire began his work, " Laus Deo."
Jtonu SUnmorfcefc iDeans of SHimborne
By the Rev. Canon J. M. J. FLETCHER, M.A., R.D.
(Read llth December, 1917.)
1HOSE of us whose privilege it has been to spend some time in " the Eternal City " will have noticed that the Egyptian Obelisks, which once graced the entrance of heathen temples, now that they are transplanted in Rome, are surmounted by the Cross, the symbol of our Christian faith.1 The Pantheon, too, striking in its rooflessness, where, in Rome's heathen days, the hosts of heaven were worshipped, has been transformed into a Christian Church. Similarly, it was by no means an uncommon practice, in olden days, when a nation embraced Christianity, to convert the sites of its former heathen super- stition into places of Christian worship.2 An instance of
1. These huge four -sided monoliths, quarried from the red granite of Syene, originally stood in pairs at the entrances of the temples . They were, in a sense, reproduced in the brazen pillars, Boaz and Jachin, which were erected in the porch of Solomon's Temple ; and, in all probability, suggested the twin towers which stand at the west end of many of our Gothic Cathedrals.
2. Cf. Gregory's Letter to Mellitus. Bede'e Ecclesiastical History, Book I., Chapter 30.
30 UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER.
this, which at once comes to the mind, is St. Paul's Cathedral in London, which was built in the seventh century by Ethel- bert upon the site of an old Roman temple dedicated to Diana; and upon that self-same spot the St. Paul's of to-day stands. Again, St. Boniface of Crediton erected a church upon the spot where the far-famed object of idolatrous worship, the mighty Thunderer's Oak which he destroyed, had stood, at Geismar in Lower Hessia.3 Other well-known examples are Chartres and Le Mans in France. In our own county we might add Knowlton, where the little ruined church is situated amidst the prehistoric circles and the ancient yew trees which seem to indicate one of the sacred spots whereon, in the long distant past, the inhabitants of our island conducted their mysterious religious rites.
There can be little doubt that Wimborne Minster is also built upon the site where a Roman temple once stood.
From an admirable account of the restoration of the Minster which had been carried out during the years 1855-7, and of the re-opening services held on Michaelmas Day, 1857 (when at length the Wimborne people were able to return to the church from which they had been excluded for two years), given in the Salisbury Journal of that date, the following extracts are taken : — 4
(a) During the recent excavations at the Minster, under the pillars of the nave were discovered bases of columns at regular intervals, a considerable length of very early and perfect tessellated pavement, and a large stone pediment clearly indicating the site of a Roman temple, immediately over which the central tower now lifts its head.
(b) The Norman piers which support the weight of the building . . . rest on the existing Roman walls.
The Editor of the third edition of Hutchins5 states that this fragment of tessellated pavement was found " on the
3. Boniface of Crediton and His Companions, by the Rt. Rev. G. F. Browne, Bishop of Bristol, London, S.P.C.K, 1910. pp. 63-5, &c.
4. Salisbury Journal, October 4th, 1857. Cf. also Warne's Ancient Dorset.
5. Hutchins' a History of Dorset, Vol. III., p. 201,
UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBOBNE MINSTER. 31
south side of the nave, close to the base of the easternmost column, at about eighteen inches below the present pave- ment."
The history of the Christian Church in Wimborne may be divided into four periods : —
(1) The days of the Benedictine nunnery which was founded by St. Cuthburga. The nunnery was in existence at least as early as A.D. 705, for a deed was drawn up in that year, setting forth the consent of Aldhelm, Bishop of Sher borne, to retain the abbacy of his monasteries at Malmesbury, &c., &c., . . . and to grant freedom of election to the same. It was signed in " the monastery which is situated close to the river which is called Winburne, over which Cuthburg, sister of our venerated king, presides." 6
It was to the Church which she had founded that the body of King Ethelred was brought for burial A.D. 871,7 and where his younger brother and successor, King Alfred (the Great), was present at his obsequies.8 The stone which was placed over his remains is still to be seen in the Minster, though it is inlaid with a brass of probably five and a half centuries later date. Alas, at the " restoration " of six decades ago, the stone was ruthlessly diminished in size, in spite of protest.9 It is almost needless to add that the architect who was responsible for this act of destruction was one of the Wyatts.
The nunnery was in existence in 901, for in that year it is chronicled that Ethelwald the Etheling seized one of the nuns from the monastery at Wimborne and married her.10
6. Thorpe, Diplomatarium Anglicum sEvi Saxonici, London, Mac- millan, 1865, pp. 14-15. Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, Vol. I., p. 167. Wm. of Malmesbury, Gesta Pont : Angl : (Rolls Series); pp. 379, &c.
7. Anglo Saxon Chronicle, Anno 871, &c., &c.
8. Monumenta Historica Britannica, Petrie and Sharpe, p. 514. Cf. Ramsay, Foundations of England, Vol. I., p. 244.
9. MS. Note in a Volume of Examples and Illustrations, collected by Canon Onslow, now in the custody of the Vicar and Churchwardens of Wimborne.
10. A.S. Chron, A.D. 901.
32 UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER.
The Church must have been standing half a century later : for it is recorded that " in the year 962 King Sifferth killed himself and his body lies at Wimborne."11 Who this King Sifferth was is a mystery. Freeman thinks that he may have been a Danish prisoner.12 It is just possible that he was a Welsh king. A namesake, Siferd, a Welsh sub-regulus, was one of the tributary kings who, a few years later, did homage to King Edgar, and whose name appears, with those of six of the other tributaries, as witnessing a charter of King Edgar's in the year 966.13 Could it be possible that the date of Sifferth's death, as given by the Chronicler, is a few years wrong, and that the Welsh tributary king, one of the monarchs who rowed King Edgar's barge upon the river Dee, is the same King Sifferth who was buried at Wimborne ? At any rate his must have been a case of death by accident and not by suicide, for, as has been pointed out, in a letter to the writer of this paper, by one of the principal officials of the Royal Historical Society, if he had intentionally taken his own life, he would not have been allowed to be buried within, the walls of a consecrated building.
The monastery appears to have been destroyed by the Danes in one of their incursions into Wessex. When next we hear of the Church it belonged to a " secular " community, and not to a " religious " one. The Abbess, with her Sisters and Novices and Postulants, &c., had given place to a Dean and Canons, with their Sacristans, Vicars, Chaplains, Clerks, and other Ministers.
(2) This brings us to our second period, which commenced, it is said, in the time of Edward the Confessor, and lasted until the dissolution of the College in the year 1547. But of this anon.
11. A. S. Chronicle A. v. 962.
12. E. A. Freeman, Old English History, — London, Dent (Every- man's Library), p, 175.
13. KemblVs Charters No. 619 (Vol. II., p. 413).
UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER. 33
(3) By a Charter of Queen Elizabeth, 1563, the Minster was to be served by three priests, who in reality were stipend- iary curates. They were appointed by a Corporation, con- sisting of twelve Governors, and liable to be dismissed by them. Each priest had his own clerk. This state of things continued until 1883, when
(4) The fourth period commenced, in which, by a scheme of the Charity Commissioners, Holt, which previously had been & portion of the parish of Wimborne Minster, was separated off and became an independent parish ; and the three priests, who were entitled " presbyters " or " ministers," were replaced by a vicar of the Minster (who has at his own charge to provide an assistant curate in priest's orders) and a vicar of Holt.
But to return to the second period, with which in reality wre are concerned to-day : —
The dates of the destruction of the monastery and of the subsequent foundation of the College have not been recorded. There can be little doubt that the Abbey, as has already been pointed out, was destroyed by the Danes. Leland says that the College of Canons was founded by Edward, King of England ; 14 though he does not state which Edward it was. Browne Willis conjectures that it was Edward the Confessor, the Founder of Westminster Abbey.15 i
If this conjecture is a correct one, and I am more and more inclined to think that it is, it is not difficult to see why the Minster should be in the King's gift, why so fre- quently Kings' Clerks should have been appointed to the Deanery, and why, from quite early times, Wimborne Minster should have been a Royal Free Chapel, exempt from Episcopal or Archidiaconal jurisdiction, and subject only to the King.
14. Antiquarii Collectanea J. Lelandi, Vol. I., p. 82 ; Cf. also Tanner Not. Monast., p. 102.
15. Cf. in Bodleian Library Willis MSS. XII., p. 139,
34 UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER.
The following lists of the Deans of Wimborne are known to me : —
1. That given by Hutchins, which he states was " com- municated by Browne Willis, Esq., collected by him from divers ancient records and Wharton's MSS."16
2. The list in Dugdale's Monasticon.17
3. A MS. list in the British Museum, which is stated to be " taken from a blank leaf at the beginning of Mr. Willis's 2nd vol. of his Hist, of Abbeys in his own hand. W.C."18 (These are the initials of the Rev. Wm. Cole, Cambridge, May 24, 1787.) After the names are some short notes by Mr. Cole.
4. A MS. in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, entitled " Monastic Collections. Lives of Abbots, Priors, and Bishops." 19
5 Another MS. in the Bodleian, — the list of Browne Willis himself, which he states was " collected from the Patents, Registers of Salisbury, and several other authorities." to
Although they differ slightly amongst themselves, these lists all give evidence of a common origin. There is little doubt that in the first instance they were all derived from Browne Willis's list.
Willis prefaces his list of the Deans of Wimborne with the following note : — " I cannot learn the foundation. I take it the Salisbury Registers will not help us. I take it this was made a College of Regulars about Edward the Confessor's time. No mention as I remember in Domesday Book of it, and so I suppose (the Deanery originated) about Henry III. time."
He thus seems to imply that, in his opinion, it was re- founded as a Monastic institution in the time of Edward
1C. Hutchins's History of Dorset, 3rd Edition, Vol. III., pp. 186-8.
17. Dugdale's Monasticon, Vol. VIII., p. 1452. 18. BritiBh Museum. Add. MS. 5829, fol. 64 (6). 19. Bodleian Library. Monastic Collections MS. Top eccl. b. 1. 20. Bodleian Lib. Willis MS. XII., p. 139.
UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER. 35
the Confessor ; but that nearly two centuries later the Regulars gave place to Seculars, and that it became a Deanery in the time of Henry III.
Now the first Dean, who is mentioned in any of the above lists, is Martin de Patshull, who was appointed to that office on the 6th of December, 9 Henry III. (1224).
But the Deanery of Wimborne is much older than the time of Henry III., as I shall be able to show ; and I shall be able to give the names, certainly of one, and almost cer- tainly of two, other .Deans who were anterior to Martin de Patshull, as well as to furnish the names of six or seven later ones, who are not mentioned in any of the known lists.
The Deanery of Wimborne, being in the King's gift, was almost invariably bestowed upon one of the " King's Clerks," or Royal Chaplains. Eyton, in his Key to Domesday, seems to prove fairly conclusively that Hugh, who was Bishop of London from 1075 until 1085, and Maurice, a Royal Chaplain, who succeeded him in the episcopate (1085-1108), were successively Deans of Wimborne.
The following extracts from Domesday Book and from Eyton's Key will give his reasons for the assumption : —
De eademipsa terrft (i.e. 14£ hides of Hineton21) pertinet ad siam de Winburne i hidaet dimidiaet dimidia virgata terrae. Mauri - cius Episcopus tenet, et ibi habet vi Bordarios et viii Burgenses et Molinum reddentem v solidos, et xv acras prati et dimidiam lenuam pasturae in longitudine et iiii quarentinas in latitudine. Valet vi librae et vii so lidos et vi denarios.22
Commenting on this Eyton says : —
Here we have a reference to the great Collegiate Church afterward* known as Wimborne Minster and to a part at least of its endowment. But we have also hints of some chronological and historical importance. Maurice, a Royal Chaplain, was nominated to the See of London at the Council of Gloucester, Christmas, 1085, but was not consecrated till
21. The ancient manor of Hin,eton now includes Hinton Martel and Hint on Parva.
22. Domesday, folio 76a.
36 UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER.
Christmas, 1086. Meantime, that is at Easter, 1086, the Domesday Survey had been completed ; and Domesday styles Maurice a Bishop. It folio vrs that, both before and after nomination to the See of London, the Chaplain Maurice was Dean of Wimborne.28
Odeham is one of the two estates in Wimborne which have since lost their names and distinctiveness, and have been incorporated in the once Royal estate. Its Saxon owner in the time of King Edward was Aluric Dod. According to the Inquisitio Gheldi (1080-1084) it was exempted from Gheld.
De his . . . habet Episcopue Londoniensis i hidam et dimidiam.2*
The Bishop of London at this time was Hugh de Orivalle. Eyton, commenting on this, remarks that it is rendered probable that " both Bishops,having, in their time, been Deans of Wimborne, had held Odeham in virtue of their Deanery." K
That this was the case is conjecture ; but at the same time it is very probable. And, if so, it is possible that
Hugh de Orivalle may have been the first Dean of Wimborne — appointed to that office by Edward the Confessor, ten years or more before he was consecrated Bishop of London. Of his Episcopate (1075-1085) little is known, saving that during his tenure of the see, and presumably of the Deanery of Wimborne, he became a leper and suffered from that loathsome and distressing malady until his death.26 He was succeeded as Bishop, and apparently as Dean of Wimborne, by
Maurice, who was consecrated Bishop of London by Lanfranc at Winchester, on the 5th of April, 1085, about a fortnight after his ordination to the priesthood. He was Chaplain and Chancellor to the Conqueror, and crowned Henry I. at Westminster on the 5th of August, 1100. He had not long been Bishop of London when St. Paul's Cathedral was destroyed by fire. Maurice commenced its restoration
23. A Key to Domesday (Dorset)by Rev. R. W. Eyton, London, Taylor,
1878, pp. 44-6,
24. Hutchins's Dorset, VOL IV., p. Ivi.
25. Key to Domesday, p. 113 and note.
26. Milman't Annals of St. Paul's, pp. 21, 22.
UNRECORDED DEANS OF WlMBORNE MINSTER. 37
on a scale which rendered it ultimately the vastest of all the Cathedrals of England. He proved himself to be a great bishop and an efficient ruler, although his moral character was not faultless. He died in the year 1108.27
Who were his immediate successors in the Deanery of Wimborne we do not know. The first whose name has been found is
Peter de Mellent, who lived nearly a century later. King John was the favourite son of his father, King Henry I., and was the recipient of many gifts. This, perhaps, accounts for Wimborne having been in his hands before he became king.
[Cartulary in the Archives of the Calvados, 1189-1199. Cart. I. No. 30.] 28
Charter of John, count of Mortain (Moreton) and (earl) of Gloucester, notifying that for the weal of his soul and (those) of king Henry his father and of his predecessors, he has given to St. Stephen's, Plessis, the church of Winburne with the office of dean (decanatu) and all appurtenances, reserving only to himself the first presentation after the departure (destitutionem) of Peter de Mellent.
His testibus : Rogero de Amundeville ; Rogero de Montebegon ; Godefrido Esturmi ; magistro Benedict© ; Huberto de Burgo ; Johanne de Gray, et multis aliis. Apud Iverandum.
The Priory of St. Stephen, Plessis-Grimould, in the diocese of Bayeux, was a House of Austin Canons.
In the same collection of charters is one from Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, similarly giving the church of Wimborne for the soul of her father, William, Earl of Glouces- ter, and attested by the same witnesses with the addition of Bartholomew, the chaplain, and John, the clerk.29
The name of Mellent, or de Meulan, will be familiar to students of the history of our country in the time of the
27. Ibid., pp. 22, 23.
28, Calendar of Documents preserved in France, illustrative of the history of Great Britain and Ireland, by J. H. Round. 1899, Vol. I., p. 196.
29. Ibid, Vol 1 p. 196 note 3.
38 UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER.
Norman Kings.30 They were descended from Roger Belmont, or Beaumont, the trusted counsellor of William the Conqueror, whose son Robert, Count of Meulan, and afterwards Earl of Leicester, performed prodigies of valour at the battle of Hastings. It was apparently his son, another Robert Earl of Mellent, who was Justiciar from 1154-1179, to whom in his earlier life King Henry I. had granted Kingston, Barnsley, Shapwick, and other places in the parish or neigh- bourhood of Wimborne.31 It was probably King Henry II. by whom Peter de Mellent (who seems to have been the grandson of Robert's elder brother Waleran) was presented to the Deanery of Wimborne. If so, it must have been before or at any rate not later than A.D. 1189, in which year the King died. As the following extract shows, Peter de Mellent was also appointed Vicar of Sturminster Marshall.
(Cartulary fo. 18. Trans. 430.— (252).
" Charter of Robert, Count of Meulan, notifying that the brethren of St. Giles of Pont Audemer have given his son Peter the Church of St. Peter of Esturmistra, which is theirs wholly to give, at his entreaty, and that Peter has sworn, before himself and many of the said brethren, to pay them 7 marks of silver a year for the aforesaid church, 4J at Midsummer and 2J at Christmas. The count is pledge that Peter will pay the said money, at those terms, annually, and he directs brother Ralf and all who shall hereafter serve at Sturminstra to see that the money is so paid."32
(Cartulary fo. 29d. Trans. 431.— p. 86 (253).
" Charter of Peter de Mellent, by the grace of God, dean of Wi(m)burne, notifying that he has sworn to make the above payment and that if by God's will he becomes a bishop
30. Cf. Freeman's Norman Conquest, passim ; Freeman's William Rufus ; Dean Church* 8 St. Anselm ; D.N.B. (sub nom : ).
31. Hutching' History of Dorset III., p. 233, quoting Cotton MSS. Julius C. I. and II. lib ii.
32. Calendar of Document* preserved in France, Ac., p. 86.
UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER. 39
(pontificii gradum ascendero), or otherwise parts with (dimi- sero) that church, he will restore it to the brethren as theirs."3 Peter, although in holy orders, was a married man. Perhaps it was this which hindered him from being raised to the episcopate : —
Pierre 6tait engage dang les ordres ; ce qui ne I'empecha pas de pren dre f e name . **
He died in the year 1203, and on the 28th of May in the same year King John appointed his successor (whose name we know not) in the Deanery of Wimborne.
Un chronique du temps fixe sa mort a Pannee 1203, et c'etait a la date du 28 Mai de la meme annee que Jean sans Terre lui donnait un successeur au doyenne de Wimborne. 34
The patronage soon reverted from the hands of the alien Priory to those of the King.35
After an interval of 21 years we meet with the name of the earliest hitherto recorded Dean, Martin de Patshull, who was appointed by the King to the office on the 6th of December, 1224. Hutchins also gives the names of his two successors, Ralf Brito (1229) and John Mansell (1247). But they were followed by
William de Edessa, in 1265, whose name does not appear in any of the lists of Deans.
1265, Feb. 12 (49 Henry III.) Grant to W. of Edessa (Edissaro), archbishop of Rhages (Ragen') of the deanery of Wymburn, void by the death of John Mansell, for his maintenance until he can return to his province or obtain another dignity whereby he may be maintained, or be provided for in an equivalent maintenance ; saving to the king the collation to the prebends and churches of the deanery.36
Six months later (August 18th, 1265) a royal mandate was issued to " the Archbishop of Rhages, dean of Wimborne,
33. Ibid. p. 86.
34. Histoire de la Ville de Pont Audemer, Par A. Camel Vol. I., p. 58 (quoted in Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries, IV., 323).
35. Testa de Neville. 36. Patent Rolls 49 Hen. III. (1266, Feb. 12).
40 tJNEECORDED DEANS OF WlMBORNE MINSTER.
to assign to Robert de Messenden, king's clerk, appointed prebendary, a stall in the choir and a place in the chapter." 37 His tenure of the deanery, however, was but a short one, for just seven months after his appointment he was succeeded (Sept. 12th 1265)38 by John Kirkby. Meanwhile the king granted to him the manors first of Havering39 and then of Silverton, subject in both cases to payments at the Exchequer.40
Bishop Stubbs has been able to gather together some few details about him. William, or Geoffrey, Archbishop of Edessa, alias Rhages, in Media, was " suffragans in partibus infidelium." He was an Englishman, and at the time of his election continuously abiding in England. He is described as being " circumspect, and a man of considerable eloquence." He consecrated the Bishop of Norwich in 1266, and conse- crated the Priors' Chapel at Bury in 1275. He was present at the translation of St. Hugh in 1280. In 1286 he was acting as Suffragan or Commissary to the Bishop of Norwich, and consecrated the cemetery of the Carmelites " Lincse." To him probably belongs the inscription on the wall of a barn at Rhuddlan, formerly the site of a house of Black Friars, " priez pur 1'alme frere Will. Freney erceveske de Rages : " with an effigy of a bishop with crozier and mitre.41
The next four Deans are given in the lists. Of these John de Kirkby (1265) was afterwards Bishop of Ely ; and John de Berwick (1286-1312) was buried in the South Choir aisle of Wimborne Minster. His altar tomb for nearly five cen- turies stood in the centre of the aisle, and upon it some portion of the business of the churchwardens, &c., was carried out, as the following extracts from the Churchwardens' Accounts will show : —
Dec. 14, 4 Edward VI. (1550). Item fyist we the afor namyd John Ryckeman and Thorns fframpton (churchwardens) Receyvyd the same daye upon the tombe In the Churche .... viii li.
37. Patent Bolls, Aug. 18, 1265. 38. Ibid. Sept. 12, 1266.
39. Ibid. Oct. 9, 1265. 40. Ibid. Feb. 14, 1266.
41. StuWs Registrum Sacr. Angl., pp. 195, 63.
DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER. 41
(Dec. 14, 1567). Receiptes. ffyrste Receyved at barwyke's Tombe of the p'rshe at ye daye of oure Charge . . . viii li.
(Dec. 1571). Receyved at the p'yshe handes at Barwyke's Tombe .... '.' V ^ *. . . . . ? viii li.
(1573). ffyrste Re' the daye afforeayde at Barwyks Tombe at the p'yshe handes accordynge to the Custome . • .... . viii li.
The tomb was lowered to the level of the floor about the year 1790, and it was removed from its original position and placed near to the south wall in 1857.
An inquisition of 1316 gives us the name of another Dean, who does not appear upon the lists : — viz.,
Nicholas Daudel, Dorset. 1284-1431.
A.D. 1316. Burgi, Ville, &c., earumque domini. In hundredo de Baddebury, Nicholaus Daudel' dominus. Wymburn Mynstre, — Nicholaus Daudel', decanus Wymbornie, et quatuor canonici libere capelle.*2
He cannot have held the Deanery long after this, for " Master Richard de Clare, " one of the " King's clerks," was appointed Dean on August 22nd, 1317.43 On May 29th, 1335, another unrecorded Dean,
William de Corner e, dean of Wymburne, is mentioned as being one of the witnesses to an Inspeximus and Confirm- ation of a Charter at York.44
Of the Deans who followed, Reginald de Bryan (1349) became Bishop of St. David's and afterwards of Worcester ; and his successor, Thomas de Brembre (1350-1361), founded a Chantry at the Minster.45
The next unrecorded Dean was —
Roger Corringham, who was granted the Deanery of Wimborne Minster on December 24th, 1400.46 On February 28th, 1401, in his capacity as Dean of Wimborne, he presented to the Rectory of Hampreston.
42. Inquisitions and assessments relating to Feudal aids, 1900.
43. Patent Bolls, Aug. 22, 1317. 44. Ibid. May 29, 1336.
45. Hutchins' Dorset III., 186, 190, &c.
46. Patent Rolls, Dec. 24, 1400.
42 UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER.
Five more Deans follow in Hutchins's list before we come to Hugh Oldham, afterwards Bishop of Exeter, Co-founder of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Founder of Manchester Grammar School, &c., who, according to our local historian, " succeeded " to this Deanery in 1485. 47 This date, as will be seen below, is incorrect. Oldham was not presented to the Deanery of Wimborne until 1499, and before him we have the names of two more unrecorded Deans.
The first of these was
William Smyth, "clerk," who, on September 24th, 1485, was " by the king's special favour, granted the Deanery of the king's free chapel of Wymborne Mynster in co. Dorset."48 Born about the year 1460, the fourth son of Robert Smyth, of Peel House, Prescott, Lancashire, William was, accord- ing to tradition, educated in the household of Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby (first foundress of the Grammar School at Wimborne Minster), the second wife of Thomas Stanley, who was created Earl of Derby as a reward for the help that he had given in the battle of Bosworth. William Smyth, (king's) clerk, was made clerk of the hanaper on September 20th, 1485 ; and four days later was presented to the Deanery of Wimborne. Honours and preferment came quickly to him. Two of the daughters of King Edward IV. were entrusted to his keeping. He was a member of the Royal Council. He obtained the livings of Combe Martin, Devon, of Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire, and of Cheshunt in Hertfordshire, all of which were in the King's gift ; and, in 1493, he was presented to the Deanery of St. Stephen's, Westminster. Two years later, in 1493, he was consecrated Bishop of Lichfield ; and in 1496 was trans- lated to Lincoln. During the years 1500 to 1503 he was Chancellor of the University of Oxford ; and, in 1507, con- jointly with Sir Richard Sutton, he commenced the work of founding a new College in Oxford, for which in 1512 a charter
47. Hutchine' s Dorset, Vol. III., p. 48. P.R.O Duchy of Lancaster Misc. Books 21 fol. 194.
UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER. 43
was obtained ; and the King's Hall and College of Brasenose was established. He retired from the Bishopric of Lincoln in 1512, and died in 1514.
William Smyth held the Deanery of Wimborne for seven years, when, as the following extract shows, he fell temporarily under the displeasure of the King, and was dismissed from his office, being followed therein by
Thomas Barrow, who was another unrecorded Dean.
Grant to Thomas Barowe, clerk, of the Deanery of our free chapel of Wymborn Mynster, now vacant by the dismissal of the last possessor of the same, and in our gift by reason of its belonging to our Duchy of Lancaster. Dated at Chesterfield, 27 April, 5 Henry VII. (1492).49
Thomas Barrow, ecclesiastic and judge, rector of Olney, Bucks, had been appointed Prebendary of St. Stephen's in the Palace of Westminster, in July, 1483. He became Master of the Rolls in September, 1483, and on the 6th day of the following December he received the tun, or two pipes, of wine, which, according to custom, were granted to the Master of the Rolls. On July 29th he was appointed Keeper of the Great Seal ; but, on August the 22nd, after the defeat of Richard III. at Bosworth, he delivered it up to King Henry VII. Although deprived of the Mastership of the Rolls, he was permitted to retain his Prebendal Stall and a Mastership in Chancery. He was apointed Dean of Wimborne on April 27th, 1492, and retained the Deanery until his death in 1499,50 when, as already stated, he was succeeded by Hugh Oldham. Four more Deans followed before the Deanery was dissolved in 1547, by the Act which was passed51 for the vesting of all Chantries, Hospitals, Colleges, Free Chapels, Fraternities, Brotherhoods, and Guilds in the King, &c. The celebrated Cardinal Pole, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, was Dean of Wimborne from 1517 until 1537, when he was deposed by Henry VIII. ; and the last Dean, Dr. Nicholas Wilson,
49. P.R.O. Duchy of Lancaster, Misc. Books 21 fol. 194.
50. Ibid. fol. 194. 51, I. Edward VI., c. 14.
44 UNRECORDED DEANS OF WIMBORNE MINSTER.
was appointed in his place. Although he is not an unrecorded Dean, I may be permitted to conclude this paper with a quotation from a letter written by him on August 25th, 1537, to Thomas Cromwell, which is unrecorded in the histories? of Wimborne, as well as in any of the biographical notices of the Doctor which have hitherto been written. In this letter, dated the 25th of August, 1537, he states that he is going to visit the benefice which the King has granted him at Crom- well's request ; and he asks Cromwell to obtain for him a deer (bestiola aliqua) from one of the royal parks near his benefice (Wimborne Minster), in order that he may give a dinner to his parishioners and friends.62
52. Gairdner's Letters and Papers of the reign of Henry III., Vol. XII. -ii., p. 216.
jfleto Species of Sirfcs obserbefc in Dorset stnee tlje publication of
« 6irt»s of Dorset," 1888
By the Rev. F. L. BLATHWAYT, M.A., M.B.O.U.
(Read llth Dec., 1917.)
the publication of J. C. Mansel-Pleydell's " Birds of Dorset " nearly 30 years ago, the science of ornithology has much advanced, and we know a great deal more than we did about the wanderings and the distribution of the birds of the British Isles. But as regards the county of Dorset, though several good ornithologists have diligently recorded their observations in the pages of the Proceedings of the Dorset Field Club, and consequently knowledge of the birds of the county is fast increasing, yet it appears that there is a great deal of field work still to be done before the knowledge of Dorset orni- thology can be brought into line with that of many other counties.
During the year that the writer of this paper has resided in the county, a year in which field work for many reasons
46 NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS.
could not be much indulged in, several points have come to his notice of great local ornithological interest, and of which there seem to have been no former records. To mention two only, the writer found the Marsh Warbler nesting last June in a certain spot in the county where several pairs were present, and he obtained evidence that the species had bred in the county twenty years ago and has seen the eggs which were then taken. He also found last summer the Roseate Tern on the Dorset coast under conditions which pointed to the possibility of its breeding there. If this latter fact could be established without doubt, it would be an event of considerable interest to British ornithologists. Other very interesting points came to the writer's notice which it is, perhaps, not safe to place on record without some further investigation. There is evidently a most interesting field of work open for the enthu- siastic bird observer in Dorset. There are certain districts in the county — for example, the Poole and Abbot sbury areas — which, though well known to some naturalists, yet provide from time to time great surprises and entirely new records. For instance, the writer has evidence, which appears satisfactory, that the Merlin laid eggs on the Chesil Beach 17 years ago and the Garganey Teal has nested at the Abbotsbury Decoy within recent years, while it seems more than probable that some thirty years ago a pair of Black Terns attempted to breed on some swampy ground in the Abbotsbury Swannery, and the writer has seen an egg taken at the time and attributable to the birds seen in the vicinity, which egg appears quite typical of the species. Though Black Terns have not been known to breed in the British Isles since 1858, there is no inherent impossibility in accepting the above record.
With regard to the Poole Basin, Mr. W. Parkinson Curtis has sent me some most interesting and unexpected records which he can vouch for on his own authority. He states that without doubt the Greenshank and Red-breasted Mer- ganser have on occasion remained to breed, and he suggests that in these and similar unusual cases, birds " pricked "
NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS. 47
by shot, and unable to perform long flight, have induced mates to remain and breed in their winter quarters.
To gain an accurate knowledge of the birds of the county, it is necessry first of all to consolidate the work of the past and then to investigate the various districts of the county on systematic lines. Mr. Mansel-Pleydell's book forms a good starting point, as it sums up, though, perhaps too concisely, the knowledge of the birds of Dorset up to the year 1888 ; and for our knowledge since that date we have to rely chiefly on records in the pages of the " Zoologist," 11 The Field," and other periodicals, and especially on the annual Proceedings of the Dorset Field Club. Our President and Mr. W. Parkinson Curtis, with the assistance of other observers, have been most painstaking in making observations and tabulating records for a number of years past, so in time we look forward to a more complete and up-to-date History of the Birds of Dorset.
In the writer's opinion, though the swelling of a county list by the record of an occasional visitant is of interest, the most useful form of work is the study of the distribution of birds, even the commonest, in the county, with special notice of their migrations, breeding range, and increase or decrease of recent years. Among the many interesting points which have lately been established are the eastward extension of the breeding range of the Dipper in the county, and appar- ently the westward extension of the range of the Nightingale, while among the many points which require investigation are :; — the present situation and size of the Heronries in the county, and whether Montagu's Harrier still breeds on the heath, the Stone Curlew in any numbers on the chalk uplands, and the Chough and Black-backed Gulls (greater and lesser) on the sea cliffs ; also has the past severe winter wiped out the Dartford Warbler from Dorset, as the writer is told it has nearly done from its Hants and Surrey haunts ? It is very much to be hoped that this, perhaps the most interesting of our resident Dorset birds, has survived in sufficient numbers to re-colonize the depleted districts. It would also be of
48 NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS.
much interest if anyone could give any evidence of the nesting of the Great-crested Grebe on any of the lakes and waters of the county. This fine species has of late considerably extended its breeding range in England, and may be expected to nest on the lakes of Dorset in the future, if it has not yet done so in the past. The county appears to be rich in the number of species of ducks which have been recorded as nesting — the Sheld-duck, Mallard, Shoveler, Teal, Pochard, Wigeon, Garganey, and Tufted Duck, all having been noticed as breeding within its limits, but only the first four mentioned apparently, with any degree of regularity, and the last three, namely, Wigeon, Garganey, and Tufted Duck, only on very rare occasions. The writer knows of no record of the nesting of the Tufted Duck in Dorset since Professor Alfred Newton's notes for the year 1876 ; but taking into account the numbers of this species seen on the lakes and waters of Dorset from autumn to spring, and the numerous records of the nesting of the Tufted Duck in Hampshire during the past twenty- five years, it is more than probable that some have from time to time stayed to nest in our own county.
The following records made since the publication of Mr. Mansel-Pleydell's book are additions to the county list of birds, and are here collected in the hope that they will be of some assistance to the future historian of our local birds. In the writer's opinion one or two of the records seem open to some considerable, doubt ; but authorities or references have been given, and the records, even if not quite established, should not be overlooked.
The chief absentee from the county lists is now perhaps the Mealey Redpoll, which should occasionally occur in hard winters ; and also some of the rarer Pipits, Warbler, and Waders have still to be recorded, though doubtless some of them have occurred at the periods of migration and have escaped notice. It is only of comparatively recent years that Continental forms and races of our common birds, such as Song Thrush, Robin, Goldfinch, Tits, and others, have been recognised, and here there is a wide field open for any one who has the
NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS. 49
opportunity for pursuing the subject. Of the 266 species recorded by Mansel-Pleydell as having occurred in Dorset, it may be found necessary to eliminate six, namely, the three rare Woodpeckers, which the authorities have not yet ad- mitted to the British List, the Egyptian Goose, which was most probably an escape from confinement, the Polish Swan, which is not now considered to be a separate species from the Mute Swan, and the Golden Eagle. I have lately examined the specimen recorded from Sherborne Park and referred to by Mansel-Pleydell, and it is certainly a White-tailed Eagle, as is also the Dorchester Museum specimen ; and, although the species is thought to have occurred on two or three subsequent occasions in the county, the evidence, as given in the proceedings of the Dorset Field Club, cannot be considered conclusive.
The nomenclature in the following list follows the B.O.U. List of 1915 :—
1. Nutcracker. Nucifraga caryocatactes.
One seen near Bingham's Melcombe, November, 1906. D.F.C. Transactions, Vol. 28, p. 261.
2. Two-barred Crossbill. Loxia leucoptera bifasciata. Mr. S. H. Wallis, of Weymouth, stated that he saw a pair of these birds in an apple tree at Westham at a distance of a few yards, on June 4th, 1917.
3. Ortolan Bunting. Emberiza hortulana.
A specimen in the Dorchester Museum from Weymouth was presented with the Thompson collection. The late William Thompson, of Weymouth, made a local collection of birds and recorded rarities about the middle of the last century.
4. Lapland Bunting. Calcarius lapponicus.
One seen near Wareham, January 30th, 1912. D.F.C., Vol. 33, p. 234, and Vol. 34, p. 201.
5. Short-toed Lark. Calandrella brachydactyla.
A specimen in the Dorchester Museum from near Weymouth (Thompson collection).
6. Blue-headed Wagtail. Motacilla flava.
One seen in Poole Park, Oct. 17, 1913. D.F.C., Vol. 35, p. 187,
50 NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS.
also three examples in Dorchester Museum, i.e., one adult, Weymouth, Thompson collection and two others apparently of this species from Wareham (one dated 4. 6. 1903).
7. Continental Coal- Titmouse. Par us ater.
Three seen at Canford February 23rd, 1913, and one seen at Canford December 21st, 1913, and two, Parkstone, January, 1915. D.F.C., Vol. 35, p. 187, arid Vol. 37, p. 150.
8. British Willow- Titmouse. Par us borealis kleinschmidti. Nesting at Canford, April and May, 1915. D.F.C., Vol. 37, p. 152. Probably bred near Sherborne in 1897. (A. W. Champerno wne ) .
9. Marsh Warbler. Acrocephalus palustris.
Nested near Sherborne, 1897, and in South Dorset, 1902, and again 1917. " British Birds," Vol. XI., p. 44.
10. Northern Willow Warbler. Philoscopus trochilus evers- manni.
Mr. W. Parkinson Curtis writes that he is convinced he found this Northern form of our Common Willow Wren breeding in Bere Wood. The date appears to have been 1911. The six eggs were hatched and the young got away. This, if correct, is a most unusual occurrence, the breeding haunts of the species being N.E. Europe.
11. Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Coccyzus americanus.
One picked up dead in a garden near Bridport, Oct. 5, 1895. D.F.C., Vol. 17, p. xli. and 198. " Zoologist," 1895, p. 376.
12. Blue-tailed Bee-eater. Merops philippinus.
The example of this species reported as caught at Parkstone, September, 1902 (D.F.C., Vol. 24, p. 181), was subsequently identified as a Black-headed Sibia *(Lioptila capistrata), an Indian species, examples of which were released in Dorset in the summer of 1902. Attention is here drawn to the record in order that the error may not be perpetuated.
13. Little Owl. Carine noctua.
Reported by the keepers at Abbotsbury as breeding there about 1902. Since then the species has occurred in various districts in the county, e.g., at Canford, 1912 ; and in the Dorchester and Weymouth districts. This is a fast -spreading
NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS. 51
introduced species, and one not to be encouraged. D.F.C., Vol. 34, p. 204; Vol. 37, p. 174. " The Field," Aug. 18, 1917, p. 257.
14. Greenland Falcon. Hierofalco islandus candicans. One seen off Ballard Head, Feb. 5, 1912, after a blizzard. D.F.C., Vol. 34, p. 204.
15. Red-footed Falcon. Falco vespertinus.
One shot near Wareham, May 19th, 1904. D.F.C., Vol. 26, p. 267.
16. Kentish Plover. ^Egialitis alexandrina.
A poor specimen in the Dorchester Museum, " near Wey- mouth 1870 " (Thompson collection). Mr. S. H. Wallis informs the. writer that on two or three occasions some 25 years ago he obtained this species near Weymouth. There seems no reason why the species should not breed on the Chesil Beach, a very suitable spot, though some distance to the W. of the British haunts of this species.
17. Iceland Gull. Larus leucopterus.
Three, Poole Harbour, 1893. " Birds of Devon." Supple- ment, p. 28, D'Urban and Mathew. One shot Poole Harbour, Feb. 6th, 1893. D.F.C., Vol. 15, p. 196. D.F.C., Vol. 14, p. 27. There is a specimen in the Dorchester Museum. " Weymouth, T. B. Groves, 1893."
18. Sabine's Gull. Xema sabinii.
One, Poole Harbour, probably October, 1891. " Land and Water," March 19, 1892 ; " Birds of Devon," p. 442. Weymouth, Nov., 1893, " Zoologist," 1896, p. 23. An adult female was brought to Mr. S. H. Wallis at Weymouth, autumn, 1916.
19. Buff on' s Skua. Stercorarius longicaudus.
Two, Poole Harbour, probably Oct., 1891. " Birds of Devon," p. 442. One seen Studland Bay, summer, 1905. D.F.C., Vol. 27, p. 261. Three seen near Poole Bar Buoy, Aug. 29, 1907. D.F.C., Vol. 29, p. 284.
20. Sooty Shearwater. Puffinus griseus.
One caught Poole Harbour, June, 1887. " Zoologist," 1888, p. 143. This was recorded in error as a Dusky Shearwater
52 NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS.
in the " Birds of Dorset," p. 113. The latter species must therefore be excluded from the Dorset List, and the present species substituted.
21. Baillon's Crake. Porzana pusilla intermedia.
One, Swanage, June 1st, 1893, now in the Dorchester Museum. D.F.C., Vol. 14, p. 27 ; Vol. 15, p. 196 ; Vol. 20, p. xxx.
22. Pallas1 Sand Grouse. Syrrhaptes paradoxus.
Six on May 28th, 1888, near Wareham. D.F.C., Vol. xi,. p. xix., and " Zoologist, " 1888, p. 265 and 388.
Sandsfoot Castle and Weymouth Coins. 1643-44.
Jflates on ttje Coins; beliebet)
to i)abe been struck at ^anfcafoot Castle
ani OTepntoutt) in 1643*44.
By HENRY SYMONDS, F.S.A.
(Bead 19th Feb., 1918.)
substance of this paper was communicated by the present writer to the Royal Numis- matic Society in 1913 (Num. Chron., 4 Ser. XIII, 119). It is now reproduced and amplified with the assent of that Society as a contribution to the history of <->ne phase of the Civil War in Dorset.
It may be said at the outset that none of these " moneys of necessity," whether struck at Sandsfoot or elsewhere in England, are known to have been issued by the Parliamentary authorities, but solely by the Royalists, for the sufficient reason that the Commons in August, 1642, had seized and were in full control of the royal mint in the Tower of London, which was able to supply all the currency demands of its new masters. Never- theless, the King's opponents continued to use his portrait and titles until 1649, the year of his execution ; and we there- fore find two distinct classes of current moneys of equal intrinsic value, one issued by Parliament from the Tower, the other by Charles I. from various places throughout the
54 NOTES ON CIVIL-WAR COINS.
country, but mainly from his headquarters at Oxford, the mint being in New Inn Hall.
Unlike the case of Chester, where there is an extant resolu- tion of 1645 authorising the conversion of a part of the cor- poration plate into coin for the city's needs, there is no documentary evidence in the municipal archives of Wey mouth, as at present known to me, which would suggest the existence of a mint in that town or at Sandsfoot Castle. It is not improbable that the political complexion of the joint boroughs, which were anti-Royalist as a whole, explains the silence of such local records as are accessible. Be that as it may, we must consequently rely on inferences drawn from a study of the coins themselves. In this connexion I will cite a recent instance where the written word has established the attri- bution to Scarborough castle of a siege -coin which had been previously assigned to Colchester, without, I may add, any obvious reason for so doing. The point was made clear by the publication in 1917 of a contemporary narrative by the governor of Scarborough, who described the circumstances under which the coin in question, a stamped fragment of silver plate, was made. (Num., Chron. 4 Ser. XVIII, 122). So it is perhaps not unreasonable to hope that Dorset anti- quaries may have the good fortune to discover some manu- script testimony which will confirm, and not upset, as in the Colchester case, the conclusions summarised in the follow- ing pages.
There are in existence a small number of half-crowns struck during this period which bear the letters SA. beneath the horse, the mint -mark* on the obverse being a fleur-de-lys
* A mint-mark, or privy -mark, is the sign placed on coins by the master -worker of the mint, so that responsibility could be brought home to him if the money was deficient in weight or fineness when tested at the ancient ceremony known as the Trial of the Pyx. Of course no such formal tests were held in the emergency mints of Charles I., but nevertheless a private sign was still engraved on the dies, and was often associated with the heraldry of the locality in which the coins were issued.
NOTES ON CIVIL-WAB COINS. 55
and on the reverse a helmet. The coin is described by Hawkins in his Silver Coins of England (3rd. ed.) among the half crowns which he regarded as " uncertain," in the geograph- ical sense, and is drawn in his plates as Fig. 502. An example in the British Museum collection is illustrated on the accom- panying plate as No. 3. The earlier attribution. of this rare coin to a mint at Salisbury was first put forward by Mr. J. B. Bergne in 1848 (Num. Chron., XII., 58-62); but the reasons for that proposal were somewhat nebulous, being chiefly based upon a passing visit by Charles to Salisbury in October, 1644. I observe that Hawkins does not refer at all to this attribution, and that the British Museum Handbook mentions it only in very general terms, omissions which suggest that the respective editors doubted the accuracy of Mr. Bergne 's allocation to the Wiltshire city.
The history of the Civil War in that county affords little, if any, support to the theory that the course of events was such as to render probable the establishment of a mint during a Royalist occupation. On the contrary, Sir Richard C. Hoare in his Modern Wiltshire (1843) tells us that " to the open and unprotected state of the city the inhabitants may perhaps ascribe their exemption from the miseries of a siege with which so many other places were visited." Skirmishes of a more or less serious character were plentiful enough ; but there was no prolonged defence by the troops of either party during the course of the war. Nor does an examination of the coins furnish any link, as far as I can see, in the shape of a mint -mark derived from the charges on the armorial shield of the city, as was the case at Chester or Exeter or Worcester. Indeed, both the type and the fabric of all the examples are admittedly those of a coinage which has been identified with another town, viz., Weymouth. For these reasons it would appear that we must rely solely upon the presence of the letters SA. if we seek to connect these pieces with Sarum or Salisbury — a rather unsafe foundation upon which to build when other evidence is not forth- coming.
56 NOTES ON CIVIL-WAR COINS.
Under these circumstances I have ventured to offer what appears to be a more probable interpretation of the two letters, supported by collateral facts obtained from the coins in question ; and I am able to say that up to the present time the adherents of the Salisbury theory have not assailed my alternative solution since its publication in 1913.
I will here recall the circumstance that the attribution to Weymouth of certain half-crowns showing a W. beneath the horse was first made by the Rev. T. F. Dymock in 1856, cf. Num. Chron., N.S., Vol. I., p. 185. It is a matter of history that this Dorset town was occupied by the King's forces from a day in the first week in August, 1643, until June 17, 1644, a period of ten months or so, during which the facilities for landing reinforcements, and for maintaining a packet service with France, caused the place to be regarded as of " huge consequence to his Majesty's affairs " (Dom. State Papers, Nov., 1643). In February, 1644-5, a portion of the town was recaptured by the Royalists ; but this second occu- pation was so short-lived as to render it unlikely that any money was then struck.
Many members of the Field Club will be more or less familiar with the ruins of Sandsfoot Castle on the sea cliff nearly one mile south of Weymouth. This Tudor fortress was held for the King in 1643, and surrendered to his enemies in June, 1644, very shortly after the fall of the neighbouring town. As it was a royal castle, its governor had always been appointed by the Crown ; and during the time when Charles's troops were in possession of Weymouth the respective garri- sons were under one command. To Sandsfoot Castle I propose to assign the SA. half crowns,-relying for the most part upon the remarkable similarity between these coins and those of the same denomination with the letter W. beneath the horse. As an instance of this affinity in type and fabric I would mention that one of the SA. coins in the British Museum shows on the reverse the complete type of Wey- mouth No. 5 in Hawkins's list. The points of resemblance between the SA. and the W. coins are not confined to the
NOTES ON CIVIL-WAR COINS. 57
general type common to both classes, seeing that the mint- mark helmet occurs on the reverses of each. This mark is not found, as far as I am aware, on any issues of the period other than those of Weymouth and the SA. group. For further details, such as the distinctive chain border round the shields, I must be content to refer to Hawkins, pp. 333, 337, and 489.
In the event of this new attribution being regarded as acceptable, the transfer from Salisbury to Sandsfoot would necessarily include some half-crowns and smaller pieces of rude style and execution, which, although not bear- ing the letters SA., have been given to Salisbury on account of their resemblance to what may be described as the parent type, viz. Plate, No. 3. One of the most noticeable of this class is a half-crown showing a circular object beneath the horse which has been spoken of as a cannon ball ; but the disk is almost certainly the result of an attempt to erase the SA. from the die, as, indeed, was suggested by Mr. Bergne in his paper already quoted. This coin, also in the national cabinet, bears as mint -marks a fleur de lys and a helmet on the obverse and reverse respectively (see Plate, No. 4), and is manifestly the work of the engraver who made the dies for the SA. pieces. It is to be observed that the half-crowns with the disk, or erasure, read regna instead of regno in the reverse legend.*
There is also a shilling (classified by Hawkins as No. 15 among those of uncertain mintage, but closely related in style to the Sandsfoot half-crowns) which exhibits a lys as
* Since this paper was read my friend Mr. F. A. Walters, F.S.A., has sent a rubbing of yet another half-crown, which from its general style should be assigned to the Weymouth-Sandsfoot group. The coin shows a boar's-head as mint mark on the reverse, and is apparently unpublished. This symbol probably has a topographical significance, but I cannot at present locale it. Mr. Walters's half- crown also shews the blundered regna in the legend which suggests a local association with No. 4 on the Plate.
58 NOTES ON CIVIL- WAR COINS.
the obverse mark and, in the usual position of the reverse mark, " some round object," to quote that author's words. This can be seen distinctly on No. 5 of the Plate, and the disk serves to link the shilling with the mint which produced the larger coin. I feel no doubt that the "round object " is again the result of erasing the mint-mark which was previously on the die, and it is significant that these excisions are peculiar to the coins which I ascribe to Sandsfoot. They do not occur anywhere else among the published varieties of the Civil War currency. I suggest as a possible explanation of the practice that the dies were thus altered in order to render them avail- able for use at another place, after the surrender of the castle to the Parliamentary troops in June, 1644.
Enough has now been said to describe, with the aid of the plate, the main characteristics of the presumed Sandsfoot coinage, without attempting to give a complete list of the varieties which might be reasonably associated with that locality or with the locality to which the mint was perhaps subsequently transferred. In happier days a detailed examination of the ruins on the cliff might possibly reveal some traces of coining operations within the walls, as was the case at the castle of Aberystwith. In 1903 an excavation under the floor of one. of the chambers brought to light much charcoal and ashes, together with the bases of three crucibles which had presumably been used by Thomas Bushell, the lessee of the neighbouring mines, for converting the Welsh silver into the current moneys of Charles I. (Brit. Num. Jour., X., 173).
I will next consider the coins, chiefly half-crowns, which have for the last sixty years been accepted by numismatists as the product of a mint at Weymouth. The occurrence of the letter W. beneath the horse on some of the pieces was doubtless the chief point which led Mr. Dymock to investigate the origin of this group of Civil War coins. When the mint- marks are examined we find that they correspond with the charges upon the shield of arms granted in 1592 to Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. The most distinctive of these marks
NOTES ON CIVIL-WAR COINS. 59
is a representation of two lions passant * which can be seen on the obverses of Nos. 1 and 2 on the plate. Another mark is a castle or heraldic tower ; a third is a lion rampant, and the fourth is the helmet already alluded to as a Sandsfoot emblem. The last-named is not associated with the arms of the united boroughs, but is a very appropriate device upon a war-time coinage.
Hawkins describes in his text-book six varieties of the Weymouth half-crowns, five of them being allied in style and fabric to the Sandsfoot pieces, although the mint -marks occasionally differ. The sixth variety is singular in bearing a date, 1644,f and shows a reverse known as the " Declara- tion " type, which was commonly used at Shrewsbury, Oxford, and Bristol. This inscription refers to the King's declaration at Wellington, Shropshire, in September, 1642, and reads thus when extended — Religio Protestantium, Leges Angliae, Libertas Parliament*. This is the rarest of the W. half-crowns ; but none are common, as they were struck in comparatively small numbers. As in the case of the SA. coins, there are also some examples without the W. which are classified by Hawkins as " uncertain ; " but their style indicates their kinship to the Weymouth coins proper, though it may be questionable whether all the varieties were made before the surrender of the town.
Another "uncertain " shilling also claims attention, and is here illustrated as No. 6 on the Plate. It is without a mint- mark on the obverse, yet the reverse exhibits four such symbols, namely, a helmet, a cross comprised of five roses (?), a fleur de lys, and a lion rampant ; and there is the further point that a castle is placed above the shield, an unusual feature. Why the engraver ornamented the die with so many emblems is difficult to explain. Possibly the coin was intended
* The lions are also to be found on the farthing town -token issued by the Corporation of Weymouth in 1669.
f Another of the same type is said to be dated 1643, but I have not yet seen it.
60 NOTES ON CIVIL- WAR COINS.
for a pattern or trial piece of a new design. However that may be, the unknown artist inserted four marks which serve to connect this shilling with the half-crowns of both Weymouth and Sandsfoot, while the cross made up of roses can be seen in a rather similar form on the reverse of No. 5 on the Plate. On the whole, I think that the probabilities will not be strained if we regard shilling No. 6 as having been struck in the local mint, or at all events from the local dies.
In the national collection I also saw at least three shillings (in addition to the two examples already noticed and illus- trated), one sixpence, two groats, and one threepence, which were arranged by Hawkins in the uncertain classes, although he had recognised and mentioned elsewhere in his book their general resemblance to the Weymouth types. At present I am not able to comment in detail on the last -mentioned items, as my notes were unfinished when the facilities for studying the collections at the British Museum were with- drawn and the galleries closed to visitors, owing to the war.
Nevertheless these smaller coins can be provisionally ascribed to Sandsfoot or Weymouth, either by reason of their style or by the mint-marks, more especially the helmet.
It may have been observed that the greater part of the SA. and W. coins and their cognate types are half-crowns, and that the lesser denominations are sparsely represented. This peculiarity is characteristic of the output of nearly all the country mints during the Civil War, and no entirely satisfactory motive for the preference given to that coin has yet been suggested. The most probable explanation is that it was comparatively easy to strike a half-crown, and that the making of small coins was more than usually difficult at a time when the mechanical appliances were crude and the v.'orkmen untrained. This view is supported at any rate by the fact that the majority of the coins of small diameters are of more barbarous workmanship than the pieces of two and sixpence, a defect which could be expected, as they needed a skilful manipulation of the hammer and dies in order to obtain a good result. An alternative suggestion is
NOTES ON CIVIL-WAR COINS. 61
that the half-crown was a convenient coin for the payment of the King's troops. I should add that the irregular shape of several of the examples on the plate is largely due to dishonest clipping or filing after the coins had left the mint. Nevertheless there was no apparatus then in general use for producing an accurately circular coin, as Nicholas Briot's system, which yielded the finest work of the Caroline period, had not penetrated to the West of England.
Where in Weymouth was the most suitable place for the establishment of a mint, small though it may have been ? Melcombe may be ruled out in this connexion, I think, as that portion of the town was less defensible, and there are no letters on the coins which would indicate the name of the district on the north side of the harbour. The usual practice was to set up the apparatus in the strongest available building, in a castle if such a stronghold existed. The parish church of Weymouth, standing on the ridge overlooking the harbour and Melcombe, had been converted by the Parliamentary garrison into a citadel known as the Chapel Fort, and during the ten months of the Royalist occupation this fort was the centre also of their defence. The circumstances seem, therefore, to point to this citadel as the scene of the coining operations ; but the close proximity of the two fortified positions, Sandsfoot and Chapel Fort, negatives the pro- bability that there were two separate mints working at the same time. The more reasonable theory would be that the military situation, or some other pressing cause, required the withdrawal of the workmen from the site first chosen. Hence the use of both SA. and W. on their handiwork.
The whole matter may be briefly summed up by saying that so long as the Weymouth coins hold their present position in the eyes of those best able to form an opinion, I believe that the SA. half-crowns will be rightly attributed to Sands- foot Castle. The two groups stand or fall together.
After the surrender of Weymouth and Sandsfoot in June, 1644, Colonel William Ashburnham, the governor, retired to Portland Castle, some two miles distant across the roadstead,
62 NOTES ON CIVIL-WAR COINS.
having previously sent there " the arms and other useful things." It is, therefore, not altogether improbable that the Weymouth and, if I am correct, the Sandsfoot dies were used at Portland until that castle was in turn yielded to the Parliament in April, 1646. An incident which occurred at the capture of Weymouth is not without interest. When Prince Maurice took possession of the forts, harbour, and town in August, 1643, one of the seized vessels contained a quantity of silver plate, to a value exceeding £600, which was the property of the Government appointed by the Commons. Whether this bullion was eventually coined by the moneyers of the local mint remains, unfortunately, a very open question. I wish to express my indebtedness to the Keeper of Coins, Mr. G. F. Hill, for having kindly provided, under the difficult conditions which obtained after the closing of the British Museum, the casts from which the illustrations are derived.
for
By EDW. ALEX. FRY.
(Read IVth February, 1918.)
N the Public Record Office, London, is an Index of Leases granted by the Clerk of the Pipe, of Crown lands ; and, quoting from Mr. Scargill Bird's " Guide to the Public Records," in order to obtain a Crown Lease a Petition or Memorial was preferred to the Treasury, which was then referred to the Surveyor General of Crown Lands to be reported upon. A Warrant was thereupon issued to the Surveyor General to make a Constat or to obtain from the Auditor a Particular of the premises as described in former leases. The Constat or Particular was then rated by the Surveyor General, which rate contained a specification of the term of years, and of the reserved rent and fine, with the covenants and provisoes, the Constat, Particular, and Rate being then sent back to the Treasury.
A Warrant was then issued from the Treasury to the Clerk of the Pipe to prepare the lease to be passed under the seal of the Court of Exchequer, a copy of the draft of the lease, which was called a Transcript, being transmitted to the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer ; and after receiving his signature and those of the Lords of the Treasury, it was returned to the Pipe Office, where it was engrossed and afterwards enrolled.
64 PIPE LEASES FOR DORSET.
The Index referred to is merely a list, more or less in chronological order, and the first three entries for Dorset read as follows : —
No. 165 3 Charles I. John Warren &c. C. 171 3 „ Robert Stickland C.
213 4 „ John Warren &c. C.
It will be seen, therefore, that very little information is vouchsafed in the Index, but on examination of the documents themselves it was found that they were full of interesting topographical and genealogical information, and, with a view of enabling others to participate in their contents, I went through all the Dorset leases and compiled the Calendar now presented.
Of course there are many other series of Calendars or Indexes of Crown Leases ; and a reference to Mr. Bird's Handbook will convince anyone that many years might be spent in compiling Calendars (not to mention extracting the contents of the Leases themselves) relating to Dorset only. This particular Index, however, being comparatively short and in a little book by itself, I thought it worth while to extend it into a Calendar, and I hope it will be found interesting and useful.
EDW. ALEX. FRY.
CALENDAR OF CROWN LEASES AND FEE FARM RENTS IN THE PIPE OFFICE, EXCHEQUER, GENERALLY CALLED PIPE LEASES RELATING TO DORSET.
No. 165. 3 Charles I. 1627. C.
Lease to John Warren of lands in Ryme Intrinseca
called Pound Barton at 20 pence p. ann. Lease to George Lyde of messuage and lands in Ryme
at 12d p. ann. Lease to John Chafy, of New Inn, gent, of lands in
Ryme called Buckbarrpw at 2/- p. ann.
PIPE LEASES FOR DORSET. 65
171. 3 Charles I. 1627. C.
Lease to Robert Stickland of fishery in Fordington
at 8/- p. arm. 213. 4 Charles I. 1628, C.
Lease to John Warren of lands in Ryme Intrinseca
called Pound Barton for 99 years at 20d p. ann. Lease to Joan Lide, widow, of a cottage in Ryme for 99 years at 12d p. ann.
458. 11 June 11 Charles I. 1635. C.
Lease to Lawrence Squibb and John Loope of 10 gardens in Wareham, certain tithes there and in Bestwall and Bere Regis at 40/-, 10/-, and 6/8 p. ann. respectively.
459. 11 Charles I. 1635. C.
Lease to Lawrence Squibb and John Loope of tythes of the Golden Prebend of Charminster, for 21 years, at £4 3 2 p. ann.
701. j 25 February 23 Charles I. 1647. C. & P.
702. ) Lease to Roland Jewkes and Richard Ingram of Clen- stone Farm & Mill formerly of George Morton, Bart., outlawed, for 1 year at 50 /-
713. 14 December 24 Charles I. 1648. C. & P.
Lease to Philippa Banckworth, widow of John Banck- worth, of manors of Shitterton, Lalee, Milborne St. Andrew, Winter borne Kingston and Whatcombe and Clenstone farm & 10 messuages in Wimborne Minster, formerly of George Mooreton, Bart., out- outlawed for 1 year at 40/8.
789. | 13 February 1654. C. & P.
2137. ) Lease to Owen Owens, of Mothvey, co. Carmarthen, gent, the husband of Martha Hastings late spinster, Manors of Milborne St. Andrew, Shitterton, Winter - borne Kingston, Whatcombe, Lalee, mansion called Milborne St. Andrew, Clenston farm, all formerly
66 PIPE LEASES FOR DORSET.
belonging to Sir George Morton of Clenstone, outlawed, during the term of his outlawry, at 21 /9| p. ann.
854. date 1657 ? C.
Lease to Luke Weekes, gent, of lands formerly of Cecil Lord Baltimore, recusant, of 2/3rds of moiety of 18 ac. pasture in Hide in parish of Lidlinch for 21 years at £8 p. ann.
873.
2230. ) 6 March 1657. C. & P.
Lease to George Moore of Shaftesbury, gent, of old rents and farm in Gussage St. Andrew formerly of George Thimbleby of Gussage St. Andrew in right of Mary his wife late Mary Mallett, widow, a recusant, for 21 years at £76 p. ann.
946. 18 November 24 Elizabeth 1581. P.
Particulars only for lease of lands &c. (not specified) in Wareham formerly belonging to the Fraternity of Corpus Christi there, 2 ac. in Holmeade in Wareham formerly belonging to the Monastery of Shene ; Tithes in Dodingbere, Bindon and Longmeade formerly belonging to Thomas Wryottesley, Knt • Rectory and advowson of East Lulworth, parcel of Monastery of Marten, Surrey. To be granted to George Skerne, John Cleves and Augustin Cleves for their lives jointly (successively is struck out).
1244. 15 September 8 James I. 1610. P.
Particulars 'for lease of £ manor of Uphaye in Broad- winsor and other lands in Devon, part of lands of Thomazine Turbervile recusant, deceased, wife of Thomas Turbervile, of Bere Regis, arm., to Adam King, gent, for 21 years at £5 p. ann.
\
PIPE LEASES FOR DORSET. 67
1431. 4 July 15 James I. 1617. P.
Particulars for a lease of office of Steward of the Hundreds of Bromeshall and of Redlane for 21 years to James Galley, gent.
1432. 17 February 38 Elizabeth 1596. P.
Particulars of the Prebend of Sherborne (and manor of Yeovil, Som), leased to Sir Ralph Horsey, Knt, John Horsey and Ralph Horsey his sons for their lives.
1442.1 19 James I. 1621. P.
1443. [Particulars of property of John Webb (apparently) 1444. ' owing to the Crown, viz, 1 messuage and land in Lynwood in Ellingham, Hants, manor of Canford, J of certain property in Wymborne, Dorset, and pro- perty in New Sarum, Wilts, to be granted to Thomas Plomer.
1928. 2 September 1650. F..
Particulars of farm of the town of Dorchester to the Burgesses of the same to hold from 26 July, 11 Edward III., 1337, to them and their successors for ever.
1929. 1 July 1650. P.
Particular of rent of a mill, a quay called the Cobbe and two fairs on 1st February and 20 September at Lyme Regis, to the Burgesses of the same.
1930. 6 January 1651. P.
Particular of two Fairs held yearly at Corffe in Isle of Pur beck, rent of assize &c. and of manors of Mappercombe and Nettlecombe, Milborne (Melcome, crossed out), (Bridport, crossed out), Pourstock, (Canford crossed out).
68 PIPE LEASES FOR DORSET.
2293. I 2 July 1658. C. & P.
2639. j Lease and Particular to Thomas Martin (who was a recusant but apparently thus obtained part of his possessions again) messuages in Parke Pale in Tolpuddle.
2294. ) 7 July 1658. C. & P.
2625. j Lease and Particular to William Knipe of Gillingham gent (who was a recusant but had a re-grant of part of his possessions), a tenement in Marnhull.
2295. i 20 November 1658. C. & P.
2566. j Lease and Particular to Humphrey Coffin, gent, (recu- sant but had a re-grant of part of his possessions), lands &c. in Wambroke and Chardstoock.
2296. } 18 February 1657. C. & P.
2663. j Lease and Particular to Richard Gildon of Melcombe,
gent, (who had been a recusant), mill and messuages
in Gillingham.
2752. 1 April 1661. C. & P.
Lease and Particular to Thomas Loup, lands called Whitwell in Holy Trinity, Dorchester, and fishing in the water of Fordington, parcel of the Duchy of Cornwall lands.
2881. 30 May 1663.
Lease and Particular to Denzill Lord Holies of woods called Princess woods als Eastwoods in Hermitage als Blackmore, parcel of manor of Fordington, for 99 years. (Denzill Lord Holies had married Jane late the wife and executrix of John Freake)
2883. | 8 May 1665. C. & P.
2968. ) Grant and 2 Particulars to John Ward of lands in Hampmoone and Bailiff of certain fees in Devon
PIPE LEASES FOR DORSET. 69
and Cornwall and office of Escheator in the Duchy of Cornwall.
2970. 17 May 1665. C. & P.
Grant and Particular to Francis Stephens and John Neale of 300 ac. land in Fordington called Hermitage Common, parcel of the Duchy of Cornwall lands.
2984. 17 January 1666. P.
Particular to William Mountague of l/3rd part of certain lands in forest of Gillingham for 23 years.
3019. . . . 1668. C.
Grant to Denzil Lord Holies of Ifield co. . . .the Hundreds of George, Tollerford, Egerdon, Ugges- combe and Godderthorne, as Seneschal and Bailiff thereof.
3057. 24 September 1670. C. & P.
Grant and Particular to Hartgill Baron of Halham Court als Longbridy Farm part of the manor of Ryme Extrinseca and 1 tent, called East Baglake als Dower field in Ryme.
3060. . . . 1678 C. & P.
Lease and Particular to John Tooker of certain lands called Buckbarrow in manor of Ryme Intrinseca.
3112. . . . 1672. C.
Lease to Thomas Carter and Philadelphia his wife on the nomination of Francis Stephens and John Neale, of waste land called Hermitage in the manor of Fordington.
70 PIPE LEASES FOR DORSET.
3123. 31 October 1672. C. & P.
Lease and Particular to Denzill Lord Holies of Hundred of George, Tollerford, Egerdon, Uggescombe and Goddesthorne.
3151. 26 November 1674. C.
Lease to James Gold, Junior, of 2 mills in manor of Fordington.
3167. 27 May 1673. P.
Particular to Thomas Bragg of land and pasture in Hampmoone.
3268. ) 3 April 1690. C. & P.
3487. /Lease and Particular to William Fosse of Cerne,butcher, of a tenement and land in Cerne, now the Shambles.
3353. 5 February 1684. C. & P.
Lease and Particular to John Street of waste land in Hermitage Common in manor of Fordington.
3407. 17 December 1686. C. & P.
Lease and Particular to John looker of Norton Hall, Somerset, of lands in Ryme called Pounds Barton &c., parcel of Duchy of Cornwall at 20d p. ann.
3459. 10 May 1687. C. & P.
Lease and Particular to Mary Watts, widow of Henry Watts, convicted of high treason and executed, of 20 ac. land in Whitchurch Canonicorum.
3515. 20 January 1690. C. & P.
Lease and Particular to Frances Holies of a tenement in Anstie in Helton, and a mill in Cerne Abbas, formerly that of Ezekias Lambe, outlawed, at 2/10 p. ann.
PIPE LEASES FOR DORSET. 71
3591. 23 May 1693. C. & P.
Lease and Particular to Elizabeth Loup, widow, of lands called Whitwell in parish of Holy Trinity, Dorchester, parcel of Duchy of Cornwall, and fishery in the water of Fordington at 43/4 p. ann..
3600. 23 December 1693. C. & P.
Lease and Particular to George Stillingfleet, gent, of demesne lands of manor of Portland, for 21 years at £10 p. ann.
3681. 13 December 1698. C. & P.
Lease and Particular to George Rabbetts of a tenement in Steepinton als Abbey Gunvile in parish of Tarrant Gun vile, value £600 and a virgate of land in Ashmore, value £8 0 0, which William Alner formerly held and who was outlawed at the suit of said George Rabbetts, at 2/4 p. ann.
3737. April 1701. C. & P,
Lease and Particular to George Gallopp, gent, of Jth undivided part of Rectory of Poorstock and West Milton, value £15 at 2/6 p. ann.
3741.^ 26 June 1700. C. & P.
3755. /Lease and Particular to Peter Batiscombe, arm., certain tithes in Bestwall, co. Dorset, formerly of the monastery of Sheene, at 6/8 p. ann. (and other property in co. York).
3793. 31 August 1704. P.
Particular of an account of John Derbie for £1860 0 0 due from the Town and County of Pool.
3893. 23 March 1710/11. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of certain woods in Hermitage at Blackmore in Forthington, parcel of the Duchy
72 PIPE LEASES FOR DORSET.
of Cornwall, to John Duke of Newcastle, for 99 years at 30 /- p. ann.
1400. 1 8 December 1722. C. & P.
1401. /Lease and Particulars of demesne lands, messuage &c. in manor of Portland to William Betts for 29 years at £100 and £10 extra and a fine of £444.
4326. 1 July 1732. C.
Lease of certain tithes in Bestwall, co. Dorset, and lands in Singlet horpe &c. co. York to Ann Sampson, widow, for 28 J years at 6/- (for Bestwall tithes) p. ann.
2553. 11 December 1740. C.
Lease of 800 ac. land &c. in forest land of Gillingham to Esther Blomer, widow, for 11 years at £32 10 0 p. ann.
4891. 9 May 1754. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of the demesne lands of the manor of Portland for 31 years to John Tucker and Richard Tucker at £10 p. ann. and extra £10.
4943. 8 May 1755. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of lands and tenements &c. called Whitwell in manor of Forthington to John Damer, Esq. for 99 years at £3 3 4 and £100 extra p. ann.
4990. 15 April 1756. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of lands and tenements &c. called Buckbarrow and Pound Barton in manor of Ryme to Thomas Beere, for 99 years at 2/6, 1/8 and I/- p. ann.
PIPE LEASES FOR DORSET. 73
5087. 23 October 1759. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of a portion of tithes in Bestwall in co. Dorset to Margaret Sampson, spinster, for 30 years at 6/8 p. ann. and a fine of £200.
5137. | 22 December 1761. C. & P.
5157. ) Lease and Particular of Hermitage Common in manor
of Fordington for 22J years at £20 p. ann. and a fine
of £360.
5195. 19 May 1762. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of messuages, land &c. called Halhams Court als Longbridy Farm in manor of Ryme Extrinseca in Longbridy to Elizabeth Fielding of Kensington, widow, and Charlotte Baron of same, spinster, for 10 years at £6 p. ann. and a fine of £150.
5253. 27 June 1764. C.
Lease of the 1 /3rd part of demesne lands lately enclosed in the forest of Gillingham to John Fullerton Esq. for 11 years at £32 10 0 p. ann. and a fine of £400.
5434. 13 April 1769. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of tenements, 2 mills called West Mills, and fishery in Fordington, parcel of the Duchy of Cornwall, to John Burland and James Buller for 99 years at £5 0 0 and a fine of £110.
5615. 13 May 1773. C. & P.
Lease and Particular and Map of a stone pier and wharf in Isle of Portland to John Arnold Wallinger and William Fletcher for 50 years at 13/4 p. ann. without fine.
74 PIPE LEASES FOE DORSET.
5632. 2 April 1773. C. & P
Lease and Particular of lands &c. and moiety of duty of 12d p. ton on all stone dug or raised in manor of Portland to John Tucker and Richard Tucker for 19 years at rent of £10 and fine of £300. A terrier to be delivered every 7 years.
5651. 16 March 1774. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of Hermitage Common in manor of Forthington, parcel of Duchy of Cornwall, leased for 12 years, making the term in being 31 years, to Elizabeth Fanshawe, of Plymouth, Devon, widow, at rent of £20 and fine of £100.
5657. 30 June 1774. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of 2 l/3rd part of the demesne lands late enclosed out of the forest of Gillingham, co. Dorset, to Rev. John Fullerton of Stratford on Avon, clerk, for 10 years at rent of £32 10 0 and fine of £420.
5663. 20 April 1774. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of Halhams Court als Long Bridy Farm parcel of the manor of Ryme Without, parcel of the Duchy of Cornwall, for 31 years to the Hon. Agneta Yorke of Great Park-street, Middx, widow, at £6 and fine of £170.
5885. 12 February 1782. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of 2 mills called West Mills in manor of Fordington and fishery there, parcel of the Duchy of Cornwall, to John Berkeley Burland Esq. for 90 years at £5 p. ann. and fine of £110.
5893. 4 May 1782. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of Princes Wood at Hermitage in parish of Fordington parcel of Duchy of Cornwall,
PIPE LEASES FOE DORSET. 75
to Robert Lambert Esq. of Dorchester, for 31 years at £1 10 0 p. aim. and fine of £150.
6155. 11 June 1800. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of manor house at Thornhill in Stalbridge to James Archdekin of London Esq. for 99 years at £101 13 4 p. ann. without fine.
6339. 6 June 1807. C.
Lease of messuage and lands in Gillingham and Mot- combe to Rebecca Fullarton, widow, and John Fullarton Esq. for 30 years from 8 June 1805 at £672 p. ann. without fine.
6357. 19 February 1808. C. & P.
Lease and Particular of messuage and lands in Gilling- ham and Motcombe to John Fullarton Esq. for 30 years from 8 June 1805 at rent of £672 without fine. (A reconveyance of last lease, Rebecca Fullarton having died.)
Keturns of XUinfoJi in in 1917.
By the Rev. H. H. TILNEY BASSETT, R.D.
[EWED generally, the special feature of the year was the continued dry ness of the winter months. August and October were the only months really wet ; and, more especially so August, owing to its constant heavy rains and cold conditions. August, 1912, was very similar to it in character and surpassed it in the amount of rainfall.
The winter of 1917 was the coldest experienced since that of 1895. Prolonged periods of frost occurred, from January 11 to February 15, from March 3 to March 10, and from March 21 to (practically) April 14 ; and so late as on April 23 the temperature fell to 25.0, or 7 degrees of frost.
The outstanding conditions round which special interest centres are the frost and heavy snow falls of April which were remarkable for their heaviness and persistency, and the abnormal rainfall of June 28-29, though Dorset did not come within the full range of the heaviest fall as did Somerset and parts of Devon and Cornwall. The actual heaviest fall was measured at Bruton (Somerset), where the extraordinary record of 9.56 inches was measured in the 24 hours, which surpasses any previously recorded daily rainfall in the British Isles.
RAINFALL IN DORSET. 77
The conditions which produced this exceptional rainfall were due to the passage of a small depression up the English Channel ; and there are features of considerable interest connected with the spread and movements of the cyclone.
The longest spells of rainless weather were those from February 5-18, April 17 to May 9, June 5-18, and November 9-24.
The average rainfall for the year, calculated from the 16 stations marked with an asterisk in the tables, was 32.353 inches, which is 2.383in. below the average for the 62 years, 1856-1917, viz., 34.738 inches.
The heaviest rainfall in the 24 hours throughout the county occurred on October 16, the greatest fall being registered on that day at 11 stations. Nine observers, however, record the greatest fall on May 27, nine on August 28, and six on June 28. The heaviest fall in the 24 hours was registered at Gillingham on June 28, 4.44 inches.
Days with fall of one or more inches : — One station records 6 such days ; six stations 4 ; 10 stations 3 ; 13 stations 2 ; two stations 1 ; and two stations no such days.
The maxima of wet days were recorded at Kinson, 198 ; Turnworth, 190 ; Wimborne (Codford House), 183 ; and Chard- stock, 176. The minimum, 104, at Weymouth (Fleet House).
OBSERVERS' NOTES.
BEAMINSTER, HAMILTON LODGE. — The average yearly rainfall, according to the latest calculations, is 38.38 inches ; consequently the fall of 1917 is 6.73 inches below the average. The average rainfall for December and November is about 9 inches, whereas in 1917 only 2. Sin. was recorded during these months.
BLOXWORTH HOUSE. — Snow and rain fell on January 8th, snow on 16th. There was hard frost from January 20th to 31st.
February. Snow on the 4th.
March. Snow and rain on the 4th, snow on the 8th and 21st.
78 RAItfPALL IN DORSET.
April. Snow on the 2nd and 3rd ; snow and rain on the 4th ; snow on 9th, 10th, and llth.
May. Thunder on the llth, 12th, 26th, and 29th.
June. Thunder on the 5th and 17th ; very windy on the 29th.
July. Thunder on the 7th.
August. Thunder on the 15th.
December. Sleet on the 16th ; snow on the 31st.
CHEDINGTON COURT. — The year 1917 completes our records of 20 years' unbroken rainfall registration, and it shows also the smallest record for one year during that time, in spite of the fact that the months of June, July, and August, which are usually dry, were all rainy ; the total rainfall for August (5.55in.) being the greatest fall in one month for the whole year. The chief cause of the small total was the absence of rainfall during the six months, January, February, March, October, November, and December, which are usually our wettest months.
Our average for the 19 years ending with 1916 was 39.21in. in 173 days ; but the dry ness of 1917 reduces the average for the last 20 years to 38.7in. in 172 days.
The following comparisons are interesting as showing what a great difference there is between our highest and lowest records : —
1914 (wettest record).
Total for year 50.75 on 194 days. Feb 6.49in. in 19 days March 5.93in. in 27 days Nov. 685in. in 18 days Dee 10.21in. in 28 days
1914 (4 months) 28.98 in 92 days.
1917 (dryest record). Total for year 29.01in. in 172 days.
Feb. 1.51in. in 10 days.
March 3.29in. in 18 days.
Nov. 1.04in. in 9 days.
D«c. l.llin. in 7 days. 1917 (4 mouths) 6.95in. in 44 days.
DORCHESTER (WOLLASTON HOUSE).— A remarkably dry year. The average annual rainfall (Dorchester) for the 21 years, 1896-1917, is 37.36in. Dividing these 21 years into 3 periods of 7 years each, there is shown a regular and con- sistent increase up to 1916. The first period gives 32.96 ; the second period, 37.45 ; the third period, 41.68.
The total for the past year (1917), 28.85in., is an unusual yarjation from the average.
J, E,
RAINFALL IN DORSET. 79
GUSSAGE MANOR. — The measurements on the following dates were of melted snow . — January 30th, February 4th, March 8th, 21st, 30th, April 2nd, 3rd, 10th, and December 16th.
EAST LUL WORTH. — A rainfall of 30.59in. ; the lowest yearly total since 1908 (28.27), and 6.54in. below the 10 years' aver- age. The August fall, 5.78 inches, in 18 days was the heaviest since 1912 (7.32 inches in 24 days). November (1.24in.) was the driest November since 1909 (1.07in.) December (l'22in.) was the driest December since 1905 (0.96in.).
I notice that often Barograph is unaffected by storm. On November 18th it stood at 30.71in., the highest since March 16th (30.90in.).
The first appreciable frost was on November 17th.
SHAFTESBURY. — The highest temperature in the year was 85° on June 17th ; the lowest, 18°, on February 5th and on March 8th.
The greatest rainfall in one day was 2.26in. on June 28th.
The greatest rainfall in one month was 5.13in. in August.
The average rainfall during the period 1891-1917 was 32.4 inches.
WEYMOUTH (FLEET HOUSE). — This year's is the smallest annual rainfall since the record was commenced in 1897. On March 22nd and 23rd there was snow with hard frost ; on April 2nd and 3rd-9th, snow storms.
WINTERBORNE WmTCHURCH. — January. The temperature did not rise above freezing point from the 21st to the 30th. The highest temperature of the month occurred on the 1st (54°.0) ; the lowest on the night of the 31st (16°.0). Frost was registered on 23 nights.
February was a very dry month. Frost occurred on 18 nights. The highest temperature registered was 50°.0 on the 21st ; the lowest, on the night of the 3rd, 15°.0; snow fell heavily from 1 to 5 p.m., from S. and S.W., on the 4th March. Frost occurred on 17 nights. The highest temper- ature was registered on the 2nd, 54°.0 ; the lowest on the night of the 8th, 18°.0 Snow fell to the depth of 3in. on the 9th 21st.
80 RAINFALL IN DORSET.
April. Exceptional wintry conditions prevailed from the 1st until the 17th. Snow fell at mid-day to the depth of 4 inches on the 2nd ; and on the night of the llth, at 10 p.m., snow lay to the depth of 8 inches. The temperature fell below the freezing point on 15 nights, the lowest recorded occurring, respectively, on the nights of the 4th and 23rd (25°.0). The highest occurred on the 30th (63°.0).
May was a warm month. The temperature rose to 70° and above on 10 days, and no frost occurred. The highest temperature (77°.0) was registered on the 5th ; the lowest (33°.0) occurred on the night of the 2nd. A thunderstorm passed from S. to N. to the E. on the 12th, between 8 and 9 p.m., and from W. to E. to the S. on the 27th, between 1.30 and 3 a.m.
June was a hot summer month, the temperature rising to 70° and above on 17 days. The hottest day was the 17th, when the thermometer rose to 86°.0, the hottest day of the year. The lowest observed was 36°.0 on the night of the 3rd. Slight thunderstorms occurred on the 2nd and 6th.
July. The temperature rose to 70° and above on 19 days. The warmest clay was the 24th (76°.0) ; the coldest night was the 5th, when the thermometer fell to 40°.0.
August was a cold and unseasonable month throughout, no less than 6.31in. of rain falling on 27 days, the baro- meter falling as low as 28°. 95 on the 28th (the lowest reading I have ever recorded for the time of year), and on two occa- sions, viz., the 8th and 27th, over an inch of rain fell in the 24 hours. Thunder storms of a destructive nature passed from W. to E. to the N. on the afternoon of the 9th. The highest temperature (74°.0) was registered on the 6th ; the lowest (43°.0) on the night of the 19th.
September. The highest temperature (74c.O) was recorded on the llth ; the lowest (36°.0) on the night of the 27th. Rain fell on 12 days ; the heaviest fall (0.79in.) occurred on the 17th.
October. Rain fell on 21 days, the heaviest fall (1.22in.) occurring on the I6th, The highest temperature (67°,0)
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
81
was registered on the 1st ; the lowest (23°.0) on the night of the 27th, — a very severe frost for so early in the autumn. The thermometer rose above 60° on three occasions only.
November was a very dry month, only 1.1 2in. of rain being the total fall for the month, and this fell on 8 days. The highest temperature (59°.0) was on the 2nd ; the lowest (29°.0) occurred during the night of the 15th.
December. From the 15th until the 22nd thoroughly winterly conditions prevailed, on the night of the 18th the temperature falling to 18°.0. On 22 nights the temperature fell below the freezing point. The highest temperature (52°.0) was recorded on the 1st. On the night of the 16th there was a hurricane from the N.E., accompanied with heavy snow and rain.
Total rainfall for the year, 32.05 inches.
GENERAL REMARKS.
The Rev. J. Ridley gives the following tabular statement of weather conditions : —
|
Temperature. |
Rain |
Barometer. |
|||||
|
1917. |
|||||||
|
Mean |
Max. |
Min. |
Mean |
Max. |
Min. |
||
|
January |
33. 5 |
42.50 |
17.00 |
.95 |
29.37 |
29.94 |
29. 0 |
|
February |
34.82 |
59.60 |
16.00 |
.87 |
29.73 |
30.06 |
29.36 |
|
March |
38.61 |
57.00 |
20.00 |
3.11 |
29.57 |
31.80 |
28.75 |
|
April |
42.07 |
66.00 |
23.00 |
1.89 |
29.54 |
30.20 |
28.76 |
|
May |
50.89 |
77.00 |
30.00 |
2.71 |
29.29 |
29.96 |
29.20 |
|
June |
61.20 |
91.00 |
40.00 |
1.75 |
29.49 |
29.95 |
29.25 |
|
July . . |
60.05 |
80.00 |
55.00 |
2.55 |
29.64 |
29.95 |
29.39 |
|
August |
58.80 |
82.00 |
43.00 |
5.64 |
29.39 |
29.71 |
28.47 |
|
September |
55.60 |
78.00 |
39.00 |
1.59 |
29.72 |
30.50 |
29.45 |
|
October |
47.60 |
74.00 |
29.00 |
3.98 |
29.76 |
29.93 |
29.15 |
|
November |
44.90 |
61.00 |
28.00 |
.97 |
29.84 |
32.20 |
29.10 |
|
December |
34.30 |
52.00 |
18.00 |
.34 |
29.87 |
31.50 |
29.20 |
|
Annual |
46.90 |
91.00 |
16.00 |
26.35 |
29.58 |
32.20 |
28.47 |
Snow.— A little January 7th, 22nd, 31st ; and lin. on 4th, and 23rd. March 1, 7th. heavy, 8th ; 3 to 4in. on 22nd ; 30th and 31st. April 1st ; 2nd ; 3 ; 4 ; 9 ; 10 ; and llth ; December 14th.
Sunspotseen 10 Feb., 1917.
Thunder distant llth May ; storm 26th ; a little thunder 28th ; and heavy thunder 29th May ; during June, short and heavy on 1st with hail, thousands of leaves torn by it; storms on 18th and 29th ; on Aug. 9th and Oct. 22. The storm of 16th Dec. was very heavy, barometer fell during the day from 29.64 to 28.7. E.H.C,
82 RAINFALL IN DORSET.
Jan. 28. — Hard frosts and east winds for nearly a week, last Sunday a silver thaw. Feb. 9. — The weather continues bitterly cold with skating. Mar. 4.— Wind E.S.E., but a touch of spring in the ah-. Mar. 8, 21, and 22. — Heavy snow.
Mar. 23 and 24. — A hard black frost, freezing sufficiently hard to produce ice on open vessels in garden, that persisted till Mar. 28.
Mar. 31.— Cold hard wind N.W., characteristic of the whole week. April 1. — Dull, overcast, some sun, N.W. wind driving over snow clouds.
April 2. — Snowed hard at intervals from 2.45 p.m. till morning of April 3. 6 inches with a hard frost followed by hard frosts on the succeeding nigats.
April 8. — Cold N.W. by W. wind, bright and sunny in the morning, followed by snow clouds later and some few flakes.
April 9.— Bright cold hard N.N.W. wind, some frozen snow, followed by snow at night and on following days.
April 13 and 14. — Sunny and much milder, fewer showers. April 16.— Bright but cold, W.N.W. wind.
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
83
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$t)enolo0ical Beport on Jfirst
Appearances of fiirfcs, Insects, &CM anii
jfirst jfiotoering of pants
IN DORSET DURING 1917.
By W. PARKINSON CURTIS, F.E.S.
13 Y direction of the Council of this Club, and in view of the high cost of printing and shortage of paper, this Report has been reduced to such attenuated dimensions that the features I had tried to introduce into it with a view of stimu- lating research into the Fauna and Flora of our County have had to be eliminated, and it is no more than a strictly Phenological Report. Its value scientifically is consequently curtailed seriously, and a mass of material at my disposal, from many corres- pondents, has been reluctantly put aside, and I trust my fellow members and correspondents will not think the shortness is due to my want of appreciation of their kindness in sending the material. I am told by our President that it is largely a question of finance.
86 tflRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
Notes have been received from : —
(F.L.B.) The Reverend F. L. Blathwayt, Melbury
Osmond, Dorchester. (E.H.C.) E. Barker Curtis, Aysgarth, Parkstone Road,
Poole. (W.P.C.) W. Parkinson Curtis, Drake North, Sandringham
Road, Parkstone.
(D.D.) Dr. Dru Drury, Corfe Castle, Wareham.
(J.M.J.F.) The Reverend Canon J. M. J. Fletcher, The
Vicarage, Wimborne Minster. (F.H.H.) F. H. Haines, Winfrith. (A.B.H.) The Reverend A. Bertram Button, of Loders
Vicarage, near Bridport. (F.G.P.) Dr. F. G. Penrose, Hawkley, West Cliff Road,
Bournemouth. (N.M.R.) Nelson M. Richardson, Monte Video, near
Wey mouth. (J.R.) The Reverend J. Ridley, Pulham Rectory,
Dorchester. (E.E.W.) Miss Ellen E. Woodhouse, Chilmore, Ansty,
Dorset.
Dr. Dru Drury is a new observer, chiefly a lepidopterist. Mr. Rodd has unfortunately lost his completed 1917 Schedule; thus breaking a thirty-five years* record.
NOTES ON BIRDS.
THE YELLOW ORIOLE (Oridlus orioltis). — A yellow and black bird was seen at Loders, near Bridport, in May, 1917, wliich, from the description of those who saw it, I believe to have been a Golden Oriole A picture of the bird was shown to each of those who reported its occurrence, and they
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 87
believe it to represent what they saw. The dates were not written down at the time, but very shortly afterwards, and were believed to be correct.
Saturday, May 12, seen by Miss Prisca Hutton.
Thursday, May 17, seen by Mrs. Hutton.
Friday, May 18, seen by Harry Quick, son of the Court Gardener. (A.B.H.)
THE GREY WAGTAIL (Motacilla boarula-melanope). — The Grey Wagtail breeds by the village brook here, sc. Melbury Osmond, Dorchester, 22 Nov., 1917. (F.L.B.)
THE CONTINENTAL SONG THRUSH ( Turdus musicus musicus). — I have no real Dorsetshire records of this bird, but Dr. Penrose recorded it near the Pier at Bournemouth, 20 November, 1917.
14 November, 1917. A continental thrush picked up at 51, Surrey Road, Bournemouth. (F.G.P.)
THE KING OUSEL (Turdus torquatus). — Dec. 23. At Oakdale, Poole, an unusually late date. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Saxicola rubetra. — 8 Sept., 1917. Many in Purbeck. (F.G.P.) 13 July, 1917. Two on the River Frome, where it crosses the Swanage line (F.G.P.) ; ? were they a nesting pair.
THE DIPPER (Cinclus cinclus). — Recorded as breeding at Melbury Osmond, Dorchester, near the brook, by Rev. F. L. Blathwayt, who has seen the egg. 22 Nov., 1917.
THE SPOONBILL (Platalea leucerodia). — Dr. Penrose brought to my notice the wanton slaughter of four of these beautiful birds by a Ware ham gunner, Will Thorne. Needless to say our supine police did nothing, although this is a specially protected bird and was killed in a specially protected area. The story is really a tragedy : — Two young and two old bir<Js on October 12.
Oa October 27 Mr. Arnold Pike, of Furzebrook, who had made further enquiry, wrote to Dr. Penrose : " The Spoonbill tragedy is more poignant than I at first thought. Two birds spsnt the winter 1915-16 in Poole Harbour unmolested.
88 FIRST APPEARANCES OF fclRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
In this Autumn two old birds and two young ones arrived and, alas."
Members should realize that toward the close of the 18th Century the Spoonbill bred regularly in Poole, and would again, but not with the encouragement that so-called civili- zation gives it. — ED. Phen. Notes.
THE ROUGH-LEGGED BUZZARD (Buteo lagopus). — 20 May. At Canford. (W.P.C.)
THE ROSEATE TERN (Sterna dougalli). — The Rev. F. Blathwayt records this bird as present, and possibly breeding on Chesil Beach.
(8) ATOLMIS RUBRICOLLIS.— Swarmed in Hooke Park 11 and 17 June. (W.P.C.) And was also bred from Canford Bottom, confirming a record of 50 years or so ago of E. N. Blanchard, not previously accepted without reservation for want of data.
(9) GNOPHORA DERASA. — At Poole, 8 July. (W.P.C.)
(10) CATOCALA NUPTA.— At Poole on 31 August, by Miss E. Frome, and another on October 8th, by W.P.C.
(11) PLUSIA MONETA.— 5 May. Five full-grown larvse at Poole, a new record for the district. (W.P.C.)
(12) CALLIMORPHA DOMINULA.— Knocked up by E.H.C. at Break Hill, Canford, 22 July. (W.P.C.)
(13) HERSE CONVOLVULI.— At Swanage. One specimen on 25 August, another on 30 August, and a third on 1 September. (F.G.P.) One at Lyme Regis. (Henry Ellis, of Lyme Regis). 6 September, male, and, 15 September, female at Corfe Castle. (D.D.)
(14) HYLOICUS PINASTRI.— A fine specimen of this insect was obtained in Bridport on 14 July, 1917, and was with great generosity added to my cabinet by Mr. W. W. Male. The specimen is in fine order, though the fringes shew evi- dence of sustained flight. (W.P.C.)
(15) ASPHALIA FLAVICORNIS.— 25 March, 1917. At Canford Bottom, Dorset. (W.P.C.)
(16) NOTODONTA TREPIDA.— Ova and larvae at Canford 24 June. (W.P.C.)
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 89
(17) BUPALUS PINIARIA. — During June bred a Scotch form of both female and male, an interesting record in view of the inclement spring. (W.P.C.)
(18) DREPANA UNGUICULA. — 21 July, 1917. One taken at Melbury Park, near Dorchester. (F.L.B.)
(19) HEPIALUS HUMULI. — At Corfe Castle, swinging back and fro in front of a red valerian on 13 July, 1917, a single specimen of male var. thulensis. (D.D.)
(Dr. Dru Drury kindly sent this very interesting capture for inspection. It is a small male in good condition and a remarkably fine example of this Shetland race.— ED. Phen. Notes.)
BOTANICAL NOTES.
Taraxacum officinale (The Dandelion). — Mr. R. Edwards, of Parkstone, whilst getting me some dandelion for food plant, on 29 September, 1917, gathered a number of leaves — from one plant (a wild one) — of the following extraordinary dimensions, given in inches : — 21 x 7; 20| x 5J ; 18| x 5J ; 20| x 5; 20 x 7|; 21f x 6J ; 22 x 6J ; 17| x 5f. The measurements for length were taken from the point on the mid-rib where the leaf was cut off along the mid-rib to the distal extremity. The width was measured from the tip of the longest pinna on the left to the mid-lib, and from the mid-rib to the tip of the longest pinna on the right ; the measurements for width are therefore extreme and not average. The leaves were exceedingly handsome and well worth making plaster casts from. (W.P.C.)
I have been fortunate enough to find Mr. Linton's note to me, referred to in the last Volume. It was safely filed— so safely that I only came across it in August, 1917. The following records for first flower are start lingly early : —
Vicia sepium. Flower, Feb. 10 — extraordinary.
Leaf, March 4 — rational. Prunus spinosa. Leaf, January 11.
Flower, January 1.
90 FIRST' APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
Campanula rotundifolia. Flower, April 2,
These, therefore, are the records which require watching. With regard to Vicia sepium I have obtained this in flower on one occasion in December myself, so February 10 is not as astonishing as it looks. (W.P.C.) J.R. records from Pulham the following first flowers: Milkwort, Polygala vulgaris, May 31 ; Geranium lucidum, May 4 ; Adoxa mos- chatum, April 20.
LEPIDOPTBEA.
(1) PAPILIO BIANOR. — A single specimen by a schoolboy on Durlestone Head, Swanage. (R. V. Sherring).
(The insect has a native range over China, Amur, Corea, and Japan, and must be regarded as an escape. ED. Phen. Notes).
(2) COLIASEDUCA. — Female var. helice at Swanage in the autumn (R. V. Sherring).
20 Aug., 1917. Three at Bridport by boys (W. W. Male). About 30 seen at West Bay in early September (E. Hudson). In good numbers at Corfe Castle first week of September (D.D.)
(3) LEUCOPHASIA SIN APIS. — Still occurs in the North Western corner of the county sparingly. (A. R. Hayward).
(4) VANESSA ANTIOPA. — Reported to me from Swanage. I do not regard this record as precise, and put this in print (1) to gain further information ; and (2) to guard against erroneous repetition of record.
(5) POLYGONIA C-ALBUM.— 12 Sept. 191-7. I am told that young Mr. Lettey here saw a Comma Butterfly at Durlestone Castle, Swanage, one day last week. I went up the next, day but couM make nothing of it. He, however, seemed positive. (F.G.P,)
(I do not think a record of this insect may be admitted in the absence of the specimen, though E. Harker Curtis has taken it in the New Forest during the last decade. ED. Phen. Notes.)
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 91
(6) MELITAEA AURINIA. — Has, I am glad to say, re- appeared in Dorset at a number of stations in some abund- ance. (W.P.C.)
(7) CHRYSOPHANUS PHLAEAS. — Var. schmidtii — At Little Windsor, by Mrs. W. Parkinson Curtis, on 4 June, 1917, and on 7 June at Drake North, one with no copper band in the hindwings.
02 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
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PRESENTED AT THE MEETING OF THE CLUB, MAY 14TH, 1918, BY THE RESTORED CHURCHES COMMITTEE.
(Rev. A. C. ALMACK, M.A., Corresponding Secretary.)
IHE appointment of the " Restored Churches Committee " was first suggested by the Rev. A. C. Almack at one of the Winter Meetings of the season 1913-14, and the Committee was formed at the Annual Business Meeting of the Club in May, 1914. It was felt that in some, perhaps in many, cases important architectural and other features might have been lost by churches in the county of Dorset, owing to reconstruction or alteration during the various "restora- tions " which had been carried out during the last 70 or 80 years ; and that photographs, engravings, letterpress or manuscript descriptions of these lost features, with personal recollections, might be available now, which might not be in existence in years to come. It appeared to be eminently desirable, whilst it was possible to procure such information, that a record should be compiled of such losses and should be preserved for future use,
98 NOTES ON DORSET -RESTORED" CHURCHES.
Meetings have been held by the Committees at Sherborne, Wimborne and Sturminster Marshall, &c. Papers of enquiry have been circulated and the replies tabulated ; and in this and other ways some interesting information has been obtained. The following is a digest of various facts relative to the Churches in eight Rural Deaneries which have been obtained in the course of the enquiry :—
(The references given in each case to the pages of Hutchins' History of Dorset, and to the Volumes, &c., of the Proceedings of the Dorset N.H. and A. Field Club, may be useful.- J. M. J. F.).
BRIDPORT DEANERY. (16 Churches. 2 returns have been received.)
POORSTQCK ST. MARY. (Cf . Dorset Field Club's Proceedings, Vol. XX., pp. 135—147 ; Hutchins' History of Dorset, 3rd Edition, Vol. II., p. 135).
Restoration in 1854-59 (Architect, Mr. J. Hicks, of Dorchester), when the galleries were removed, the North Aisle was added and the chancel was re -roofed.
The following ancient features were preserved : —
1. West doorway, remodelled in the 14th century ; but still
retaining, inside, the Norman jambs, and, outside, trace of arch.
2. Early Norman chancel arch, circa 1100 A.D.
3. The double hagioscope, probably of 15th century.
4. Hooks in S. aisle, apparently showing doorway into the
chapel where the baptistry is now.
5. South doorway, which is a fine specimen of 14th century
work.
6. Dole table in the churchyard, which is in a good state of
preservation. The steps to the rood-loft were opened in 1915.
NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES. 99
The early 15th century font has been removed from the churchyard into the church, from which it had been displaced in 1867 to make room for a new font of Cornish serpentine marble.
SYMONDSBURY. (Hutchins' Dorset, II., p. 239).
There was much alteration and obliteration of old features in 1818; e.g., the wagon roof of the nave was plastered ; Jacobean panelling was removed : galleries were erected, and the (stone) tracery was removed from the windows and was replaced by iron bars.
No changes of importance have been made since 1838.
It is hoped that a considerable and much needed restoration of the church will be carried out before long.
BEAMINSTER DEANERY.
(20 churches. 11 returns.)
BEAMINSTER. (Hutchins, II. , p. 118; and for Parnham Mansion, D.F.C. Vol. XXI., pp. 229-235).
The Chancel was restored in 1844, when the Grecian balustrade was removed from the Parnham pew. There was a general restoration in 1862, when the N., S., and W. galleries were removed, the nave was re-roofed, plaster removed from the old black timber of the aisles, and the ' Mort-house ' was opened into the church. On the S. side (exterior) are remains of the stair turret to the rood-loft, which probably dates from the 13th century. The tower was restored in 1877. The Architect at the restorations of 1862 and 1877 was Mr. W. White, of London.
At the 1862 restoration, the ancient font, said to be of the Norman period, disappeared.
100 NOTES ON DORSET RESTORED CHURCHES
BROADWINSOR. (Hutchins, II. p. 323).
The church, with the exception of the tower, was rebuilt in 1868 (Architect, Mr. Allen, of Crewkerne). The nave was lengthened, and the chancel shortened by 10 feet. The Early English arcading on the N. side, and the late Norman arcade on the S. side were rebuilt ; but the original piers were retained.
The receptacle for a holy water basin, and the altar tombs, supposed to be Crewkernes, mentioned in Hutchins, and the remains of the ancient rood screen and loft, which had been removed from the church in 1818 and placed in the belfry, have all disappeared.
BURSTOCK. (Hutchins, II. p. 211).
Reseated in 1870. Further restoration in 1877. The old font was, for a time, replaced by a marble basin from Italy ; but has been restored to use. At the 1877 restoration (Architect Mr. P. H. Peters), the W. gallery was removed, the painted panels, on which were ' various Scripfture histories,' mentioned by Hutchins, have disappeared, as also has the grave-stone of Hannah, wife of George Gibbs, Vicar, who died in 1772. A tablet, bearing a terrier as inscription, dated 1736, has also gone from the Pilsdon aisle ; but a copy of the inscription is preserved in the Parish Chest of Broadwinsor, and there is another copy in the Registry at Blandford.
WEST CHELBOROUGH. (Hutchins, II. p. 637).
The Church was restored in 1894, when the chancel roof was raised, the chancel arch enlarged, the church entirely re- roofed, new E. and W. windows and vestry added, and the square pews removed. Hutchins gives an illustration of the interesting 12th century font.
" CHURCHES. 101
CORSCOMBE. (Hutchins, II. p. 90).
The Church was rebuilt and enlarged in 1877 (Architect, Mr. Allen, of Crewkerne) ; the only portions of the old church remaining being some of the pillars of the nave, the tower, and the S. porch.
HALSTOCK. (Hutchins, IV. p. 463).
A considerable restoration was carried out in 1845, with the addition of a new N. aisle (from designs of Welby Pugin). The foundations of the E. wall of the chancel were discovered in 1897, at a distance of 8 feet beyond the present wall, — the chancel haying been thus much shortened in 1773. The altar is worthy of notice. It consists of a wooden slab on a stone wall with a trefoil in front which may be a part of the old E. window.
HOOK. (Hutchins, II. p. 178).
Much altered in 1875 (Architect, Mr. G. R. Crickmay, of Weymouth), when the gallery and old bell tower were removed.
MA.PPERTON. (Hutchins, II. p. 158).
Repaired in 1846, when the porch was added, and a new E. window was inserted. When the vestry was built in 1908, the jamb tracery of an old window, now exposed, was found in the S. wall. The bowl of the old font, formerly in an outhouse, has been placed in the vestry. (A drawing of this font is to be found in British Museum Addit. MS. 36321, fo. 146.) Some of the old glass mentioned by Hutchins seems to have been brought from the house of the Hilary family, and from their aisle in Beaminster Church. Hutchins mentions three brass plates on a flat stone in the belfry. These have disappeared.
102 NOTES ON DORSET " EESTOEED " CHUECHES.
NETHEEBUEY. (Hutchins, II. pp. 104 and 142).
The S. porch was built in 1848. The galleries were removed in 1850. The gravestones of John Strode, of Parnham (1620), on the chancel floor, and of John Gollop (1758) in the W. aisle, are now missing. In 1850 frescoes were found on the spandrils of the nave arches ; on the one side the seven corporal works of mercy, and on the other the seven deadly sins. A sketch of them was forwarded to the Cambridge Ecclesiological Society ; but the frescoes were not preserved. A fresco of a winged angel was also found on the chancel arch.
SOUTH PEEEOTT. (Hutchins, II. p. 164).
The church was restored in 1907 (Architect, Mr. South- worth Parker, of Plymouth), when the W. gallery was removed, the E. window inserted in the chancel, and the window in the N. wall of the chancel restored. In opening a doorway in the wall of the S. transept, an arch of late 15th century workmanship was found. This proved the former existence of a chantry on the S. of the chancel, alluded to by John Bangor Russell, of Beaminster, who, in a MS. book written by him about the year 1780, says : — " On the south side of the Chancel was formerly a little Isle, built perhaps for a Chantry, which was taken down about 70 or 80 years ago."
STOKE ABBOTT. (Hutchins, II. p. 147).
The church was restored in 1877 (Architect, Mr. James P. St. Aubyn, of London), when the erection of the N. aisle brought to light some interesting features and led to the following conclusions :— That the chancel walls were early Norman and of the same date as the font. A Norman window was found in the chancel ; the early English alterations came later (seen in the lancets inserted in the chancel and in the N. wall of the nave). During the 1877 restoration fragments
NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES. 103
of a monumental stone were found in the N. wall of the nave, .showing, apparently, a pastoral staff (in relief) and figures of the sun and moon. The insertion must have been made in the 13th century. Consequently the stone would date from an earlier church. These fragments are not now pre- served. A north transept, which was probably a chapel, with a squint, disappeared when the new N. aisle was added in 1877.
DEANERY OF DORCHESTER. (20 churches, 15 returns. D.F.C., XII. pp. 36—70).
BRADFORD PEVERELL. (Hutchins, II. p. 533. D.F.C. XII., pp. 67—70, and XVI. pp. xxviii., xxix.).
The church was rebuilt in 1850 (Architect, Decimus Burton). The old glass, which is fully described in D. F. C. Proceedings, Vol. XII. pp. 67 — 70, was carefully preserved. It need only be added that a few fragments of tracery from the windows of the old church are to be found inserted in the walls of the neighbouring farm house.
BROADMAYNE. (Hutchins, II. p. 539, D.F.C. XII.,
pp. 52—54).
There was a general restoration of the church in 1865-66. An altar slab, which had been used previously as a step to an outside rood-loft doorway, now closed up, was safely removed in 1916 and placed in the church porch.
CHARMINSTER. (Hutchins, II. p. 543, D.F.C. , XII. pp. 47-8, XV. pp. xlvii-liv., and XVII. p. xlv.).
The church has had careful treatment in previous reports of the D. F. C. Proceedings. A further restoration was carried out in 1895, under the superintendence of Mr. C. E. Ponting,
104 NOTES ON DORSET " EESTOEED " CHtJECHES.
when the galleries were removed, and four small clerestory windows were discovered and opened out, and a series of texts were found under the thick whitewash. A few frag- ments of old glass remain. . These have been collected and placed in the E. window of the south aisle.
COMPTON VALENCE. (Hutchins, II. p. 292, D.F.C., XII.
p. 66).
The church was entirely rebuilt in 1838. A brass in the nave, carved heads at the ends of the roll mouldings of windows and doorways, a niche over the porch, a part of the font, and the tower appear to be the only details of the old church which still remain.
DORCHESTER ALL SAINTS. (Hutchins, II. p. 377, D.F.C., XII. p. 40).
The earlier church was destroyed by fire on 6 August, 1613, and the church which took its place was pulled down in 1843, when the present church was erected. The only relics of the first church are the remains of an old wooden carved screen now at the back of the choir stalls ; and from the intermediate building only the monument of Matthew Chubb, M.P. (1617), is left. When the church was last rebuilt, new vessels were given for use at the Holy Communion, and, by an order of the vestry, 16th April, 1845, the old Communion Plate was trans- ferred to the Chapel of the Dorset County Hospital. There it remained in use until 1916, when it was returned to All Saints' Church. The two old Chalices are very valuable, being of the time of Queen Elizabeth, viz., 1572 and 1573. The cover of one of these chalices (dated 1572), intended to be used as a Paten, had been discovered in the churchyard, some years previously. x
FRAMPTON. (Hutchins, II. p. 297, D.F.C. Vol. XII p. 55).
CHURCHES. 105
The church was restored and the chancel extended in 1862. The only relic of interest appears to be a mutilated Crucifix which is now built into the wall over the vestry door.
WEST KNIGHTON. (Hutchins, II. p. 498, D.F.C. XII. pp. 53—55).
The church, which is fully described in Vol. XII. of the Field Club's Proceedings, contains a Saxon chancel arch, which must have been a portion of a Saxon church. A curious inscription, possibly a Hebrew charm against the plague, may be deciphered over the chancel arch on the nave side. Slabs, apparently covering the burial places of priests, have been tiled over in the chancel.
MORETON. (Hutchins, I. p. 292, D.F.C. XII. pp. 59—60, and XXI. p. xxxvii.).
We have nothing to add to the information given in the Volumes of the Field Club's Proceedings, referred to above.
WEST STAFFORD. (Hutchins, II. p. 511 ; D.F.C. XII. p. 56).
The chancel was added in 1899 (Architect, Mr. C. E. Pont ing), and the rood screen was moved back about 15 feet. The old altar slab is placed under the present mensa. Previously to 1899 closed-in seats for the school children were arranged round the altar rails. Portions of these seats are now used as panels for the walls.
STRATTON. (Hutchins, II. p. 570: D.F.C. Vol. XII. pp. 64-6, and Vol. XVI. pp. 1-4).
With the exception of the tower, the church was practically rebuilt in 1891, and the chancel added (Architect, Mr. W. G. R.
106 NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES.
Crickmay), when the old chancel arch and hagioscope were re-erected in it. Stones of the old chancel were found heaped in the churchyard, and among them a piscina. Some pieces of old glass were found and pieced together in one of the windows. A new altar and pulpifc were placed here in 1891. All interesting features were carefully preserved at the restoration. The church contains a copy of Bishop Jewel's Apology, which was originally chained to an open reading desk ; but which has been repaired and is now enclosed under glass.
WHTTCOMBE. (Hutchins, II. p. 518; D.F.C., Vol XII p. 52).
The underpinning of all the walls and the rebuilding of the East wall were carried out in 1912 (Architect, Mr. J. Feacey), when the following discoveries were made :
(1). A fine fresco of St. Christopher on the North wall of the nave, and some Early English arcading in the fresco.
(2). The steps of the Rood loft in the N. wall of the chancel.
(3). Two finely carved stones of Scandinavian type, built into the E. wall.
WlNTERBOURNE CAME. (Hutchins, Vol. II p 289'
D.F.C., Vol. XII. p. 50).
MARTIN. (HutcUns, Vol. II. p. 573; AH P> 58 ; Cf' also Salisbury Gazette, for 1905)
Alterations took place in 1895 (Architect, Mi-. Walter J. ;cher) Further alterations were made in 1897, and
( hitectj ^ °-
th on re-
tho of Portland gtone wh.ch had ^^
95, as being more in character with the early date of the
NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES. 107
font. The pillars on each side of the East window were carefully preserved and are considered to be interesting specimens of late fifteenth century work.
WlNTERBOURNE MONKTON. ( HutcMnS, Vol. II. p. 530 ;
D. F.C. Vol. XII. p. 60).
A restoration took place in 1870, under the superintendence of Mr. Euan Christian. The old altar slab is now in the vestry.
WOODSFORD. (Hutchins, Vol. I. p. 446; D.F.C. Vol. XII. pp. 48—50).
The church was restored and enlarged in 1863. The old altar slab was found in the pavement and was buried under the north pier of the new chancel arch.
BLANDFORD DEANERY. (19 churches. 6 returns.)
ASHMORE. (Hutchins, III. p. 369).
The church was rebuilt in 1874 (the Architect being Mr. C. Edwards, of Exeter), when the chancel arch was re-erected as the entrance to the vestry. The following were some of the special features of the old church (they have all now disappeared) : —
(1). The W. end, which was an unaltered example of Early English work ; central and side buttresses and two narrow lancet windows.
(2). Solid projecting piers of chancel arch with plain abaci, probably of early Norman date.
(3). A solitary nave window, probably dating from the rebuilding done in 1423.
108 NOTES ON DORSET " EESTOEED CHURCHES.
(4). A small piscina in S. wall.
(6). Tablets in walls and inscribed floor -stones mentioned in Hutchins are also now gone.
A font bowl now stands in the vestry. It is said to be of Saxon origin ; but this is doubtful.
BLANDFORD. (Hutchins, I. p. 214).
The present church was erected after the fire of 1731, on the site of the old church of St. Peter and St. Paul, which had been then destroyed. The chancel was lengthened in 1896, and the apse dome removed to its present position — the Architect being Mr. C. Hunt. Masonic marks were then found on stones which apparently dated back to the 14th century, and doubtless belonged to the ancient church. It was probably built of " mixed " stones, like Wimborne Minster ; and the lower part of the present N. wall of the nave may well be a portion of the old church which had been left by the fire. In the renovation of the cupola of the tower in 1878, some oak timber was found which bore marks of fire, and probably was a remnant of the former church. Mr. Norman, who did the work, has still some of the wood in his possession.
PIMPERNE. (Hutchins, I. p. 291).
According to Hutchins the church was restored in 1850, when many changes were made and the ancient features mentioned (p. 293) were removed. The church was entirely rebuilt in 1870, at the cost of Lord Port man, and from designs of the Estate agent. The Norman arch was then moved, from the entrance to the chancel, to the N. side of the chancel, and the beautiful Norman south doorway was placed at the W. endxof the S. aisle.
T ARRANT CRAWFORD. (Hutchins, III. p. 118).
There was some alteration of the chancel in 1906, when the top stones of two tombs were removed from the farm garden and placed within the altar rails. They have been conjecturally assigned to Bishop Poore and Queen Joan of Scotland.
The church was renovated in 1911, when the following features were brought to light : —
(1). A fresco of the " Judgment of Solomon " on the S. wall.
(2). Roman tiles and pottery which were found under the floor, as was some old glass which is now in the window.
(3). Traces of an old door on the S. side, and opposite the present door.
The church is dated about 1240 A.D., and is built of a great variety of stones, e.g., Tisbury stone, Ham-hill stone, and red sandstone from Devonshire, with small pieces of York stone which can be used as whetstones.
Bishop Poore, who founded the nunnery here, died in the year 1229.
TARRANT KEYNSTON. (Hutchins, I. p. 319).
The church was rebuilt in 1853 (Architect, Mr. T. H. Wyatt). Portions of the N. aisle appear to be older and may possibly be remnants of the former church. The interior of the present church is entirely destitute of tablets, or memorials of any kind whatever. There is no single record of former days.
N.B. — There is a statement by Mr. Sidney Heath, in his Pilgrim Life, in the Middle Ages to the effect that "Mr. H. Moule, of Dorchester, told the present writer that he had seen in the chancel of the old church of Tarrant Keynston a recluse cell of the type now mentioned, and that it remained intact until the church was rebuilt." (vide p. 88). None of the old villagers, however, are able to confirm this state- ment.
110 NOTES ON DORSET "RESTORED" CHURCHES.
TARRANT RUSHTON. (Hutchins, Vol. III. p. 462, D.F.C. Vol. XVIII. pp. 55—65, and XXX. p. lii.).
The many ancient features of the church which came to light between the years 1877 and 1886 were most carefully preserved under the direction of the late Rev. J. Penny, and will be found recorded in Vol. XVIII. of the Proceedings (especially on pages 56—58). There seems to be no lost feature to record.
MILTON DEANERY. (16 churches, 5 returns.)
BLANDFORD ST. MARY. (Hutchins, I. p. 163).
In 1837 the S. wall of the nave and the S. porch were removed, and a new aisle was built, with brickwork windows and hideous iron pillars. Good stone work and stained glass have since been inserted in all the windows, and recently in 1919 the pillars have been removed and nice arcade erected.
In 1863 the N. transept and aisle were added and arcade erected, replacing an excrescence on the N. side of the nave which contained the Squire's pew and was probably erected by Governor Pitt in 1712. The singers' gallery at the west, which projected far into the church, was also then removed.
In 1883, the chancel roof was restored and panelled, and a new font was placed in the church ; but of this no actual record seems to be obtainable.
In 1886 a one-light window was inserted in the S.E. wall of the chancel and filled with stained glass ; and in 1908 the organ chamber was added and the organ given by an anony- mous donor. The window in the N. wall of the chancel was placed in the N. wall of the new chamber.
During the changes made in 1863 the Pitt vault in the N.W. external corner of the nave was taken for the new
NOTES ON DORSET "RESTORED" CHURCHES. Ill
heating chamber, and the coffins all identified and moved to a vault under the new aisle.
In 1912 the battlements of the tower were refixed, and the builder found distinct traces of former pinnacles at the corners.
BELCHALWELL. (Hutchins, III. p. 373. D.F.C. Vol. XXXV. p. xl.).
The church was renewed in 1905, under the direction of Mr. C. E. Ponting, when a new roof was placed on the nave and the pillars were made erect ; they are part of the original Norman church, and the arch over the doorway remains good. A portion of the steps ascending to the roodloft were discovered at the restoration.
IBBERTON. (Hutehins, IV. p. 360, D.F.C. Vol. XXXV. p. xl.).
Between 1907 and 1909 the church was entirely renovated from a roofless and dilapidated state, under Mr. C. E. Ponting as architect, when the walls were all strengthened, not rebuilt, and the roof was constructed.
The stone work of the E. window was found buried and is of a very curious design. The parts fitted together so accurately that there could be no mistake, and the architect was convinced against his first belief.
On removal of plaster, carved heads were found on the capitals of the N. aisle pillars, and are now shown ; the north aisle appeared to be an addition to the original church.
The inner arch of the porch seemed to be older than the present church and showed the old masons' marks.
(This record of facts is from Mr. Norman, the builder employed).
112 NOTES ON DORSET "RESTORED" CHURCHES.
SHILLINGSTON. (Hutchiw, III. p. 444, D.F.C. Vol.
XXIV., pp Ixxii., Ixxiii.).
In 1888 two galleries were removed from the interior ot the tower ; one of them had been a singers' gallery. The N. wall of the nave was pierced for arcading, and the N. aisle and chancel were added.
In 1903 the E. wall of the chancel was rebuilt ; the screen was erected and roofs decorated.
In 1888, two small and very early splayed windows were opened high up in the N. wall of the nave and one in the S. wall ; all are now carefully preserved. These relics were also found :—
(1). A stone coffin under the N. chancel wall, where Hutchins speaks of an altar tomb in 1842.
(2). A piece of an altar slab, with one of the dedication crosses.
(3). A broken slab, showing the head of a man between the sun and a crescent moon.
(4). Parts of two tomb slabs with crosses on them.
These are all carefully preserved in the tower.
Two gargoyles are said to have been removed from the tower in 1888, and the door in the S. chancel wal! was blocked up.
Recently a large squared stone, a portion of an early English column, and a collection of flints were found by the sexton when digging a grave in front of the tower.
WlNTERBOURNE STICKLAND. (HutcMnS, I. p. 331).
The church was restored in 1892 (Architect, Mr. W. J. Fletcher, of Wimborne), when the wagon-headed roof of the chancel was renewed, the west vdndow opened out by the removal of the gallery, the tower roof renewed, the Jacobean pulpit lowered, and the oak screen between the chancel and Skinner mausoleum renovated, The old Holy Table is now in the vestry.
NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES. 113
An interesting discovery was that of a sculpture of the Holy Rood, which was probably the head of the churchyard cross. It was found imbedded, face inwards, in the E. wall of the porch, where it has been replaced, face outwards.
Hutchins speaks of the recumbent figure of a bishop, perhaps of Coutances, which has disappeared.
WIMBORNE DEANERY. (24 churches. 20 returns).
WIMBORNE MINSTER. (Hutchins, III., pp. 178-284 ; D.F.C., Vol. X., pp. 142-145 ;' Vol. XXVII., pp. xlvii.-l. ; &c., &c., &c.)
A very considerable and necessary restoration was carried out during the years 1855-57, under the superintendence of Mr. Thomas Wyatt. But unfortunately, as was the case with the rest of the Wyatts, his great idea was present utility, and anything that interfered with it was sacrificed. The canopies behind the choir stalls were ruthlessly cut away in order that the choir aisles might be opened out ; monuments were removed from their original positions and placed any- where. The Purbeck slab, which at one time had rested over the remains of 'King Ethelred,was cut away, in spite of protest, and only the portion sufficient to cover the brass was allowed to remain. The monumental slab figured on page 205 of Hutchins, and two of those illustrated on page 218, are missing. They were probably broken up during the restora- tion.
The Perpendicular clerestory windows were renewed, there being now five on each side instead of six.
Most fortunately, a folio book of views of the Minster, with accompanying letterpress, by N. Whittock,* was published
* Views of the Exterior and Interior of the Collegiate Church of St. Ciithberga, Wimborne Minster, by N. Whittuck. Wimborne, H. Herbert, 1839.
114 NOTES ON DORSET
by Henry Herbert, of Wimborne, in the year 1839, i.e., less than 20 years before the restoration. It contains excellent plates both of the exterior and of the interior of the church from various points of view; so that we can form a very good idea of what the Minster looked like in its pre-restora- tion days.
Whilst the work was being carried out, the remains were found of what was in all probability a Roman temple.* They consisted of fragments of tessellated pavement and the bases of pillars, &c., and were covered over. The bells were re- cast and two more added in 1910. This is the only peal of ten bells existing in the county of Dorset, and in the whole of the diocese of Salisbury. At the same time, a steel frame-work was placed in the tower, replacing one of dilapidated oak.
In 1891, when the transept galleries were removed, a fresco was discovered in a recess which was opened out in the east wall of the north transept. It was described by Mr. W. J. Fletcher in Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries, Vol. III., pp. 249—50 (Sept. 1893), where also will be found two coloured illustrations.
In 1915 the chained copy of Bishop Jewel's Apology,^ which had been removed from the church many years ago and placed amongst the books in the chained Library, was replaced on a stand in the Minster.
During the restoration of the central tower in 1914-15 (Architect, Mr. C. E. Ponting), attention was drawn to the squinch arches across the angles of the tower, which are to be seen in the belfry, and which were formed to support the diagonal sides of the spire when it was added. By these the date of the spire, which was erected on the old Norman tower, is shown to have been late in the 14th or early in the 15th century. Tradition asserts that it rivalled in height
* Warne's Ancient Dorset, p.184 ; D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XXXIX., p. 30.
t D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XXXV., p. 16 ; Wimborne Minster Parish Magazine, May and June, 1914, August, 1915.
NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES. 115
the spire of Salisbury Cathedral. This assumption as to its size is obviously absurd. But evidently the tower was unable to bear the weight of the spire as well as that qf the bells, and the damage done then, more especially to the western wall of the tower, owing to the weight of the spire, is still noticeable. This was the reason why the building of the western tower as a bell tower was taken in hand in A.D. 1440 — 1460, so shortly after the spire had been erected. The spire fell in 1600 and after its collapse the present high parapet, with its large angle pinnacles, was erected in place of the earlier one. The spire appears on the seal of the Grammar School Governors, as it does in a map of the Ltorset coast extending from Christchurch to Lyme Regis* which was drawn and painted in the time of Henry VIII., on which are figured the roofs and chimneys of some of the houses of Wimborne and rising above them the spire ot the Minster.
CANFORD. (Hutchins, III. p. 286, D.F.C. Vol. X., pp. xxvii., xxviii., and 146 — 152.
This interesting church was restored in 1876, when it was extended westwards, and the west end (the lights of which, however, have more the character of an east window than of a west one) was built. At the same time the roof, having the feature, very unusual to a Norman church, of sky lights, was put on.
The marble slab, mentioned on page 309 of Hutchins, on which are the matrices of the two effigies of the (unknown) knight and lady, haa been removed from the N.E. corner of the chancel to the exterior of the church, where it lies outside the south choir aisle.
The gravestone of Matthew Wasse, who was Vicar of the parish from 1738 to 1776, has been removed from the chapel and also placed outside the church, where it may be found near the south aisle and just to the west of the east buttress. (Cf. Hutchins, Vol. III. p. 310).
* Brit. Mus. Cottonian M.S., Aug. I., Vol. I., Nos. 31-33.
116 NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES.
The following monuments mentioned by Hutchins appear to be lost : —
The brass of Richard Cheke. (p. 39)
The portrait of an ecclesiastic, which formerly was situ- ated at the entrance of the chancel, (p. 310)
The Parish Register, which, according to Hutchins, com- menced in 1589, now commences in the year 1655.
CRANBORNE. (Hutchins, III. p. 375, D.F.C. Vol. VIII. pp. xl. and 29—37; and Vol. XXIII. pp. xxxv.— xxxvi.).
The chancel of this most interesting church was rebuilt in 1876. Three frescoes were discovered above the arches in the nave in 1898. The subjects are apparently St. Christopher ; The Tree of life, with Eve at the foot and the Blessed Virgin, crowned, at the top ; Our Lord in Glory, adored by saints and angels. They are presumably of late 14th century or early 15th century workmanship.
During the restoration of 1855 the rood screen was destroyed, the old chancel and the porch with watching chamber above were pulled down, and the benches, some of which bore the date 1581, removed.
The Stillingfleet and Hooper monuments have been re- moved from the chancel to the west end of the church.
Nothing is now known of the whereabouts of the ' fragments of the effigy of a knight (unknown) habited in armour of ring mail,' which Dr. Smart* says was discovered at the re- building of the chancel in 1875, and which he conjectures to have been placed here by Robert Earl of Gloucester, the illegitimate son of Henry I., apparently to commemmorate his father-in-law, Robert Fitz-Hamon.
Near to the pulpit is a photograph of the church, prior to the alterations of 1875-6.
Dorset Field Club Proceedings, Vol. VIII., p. 34.
NOTES ON DORSET "RESTORED" CHURCHES. 117
HAMPRESTON. (Hutchins III., p. 433; D.F.C., Vol. XIX., pp. lx.-lxiii.).
The church, which was much in need of it, was well restored in 1898, when the north and south galleries were removed, and the church was reseated. A number of photographs of the church before restoration will be found framed in the north porch.
HINTON PARVA, OR STANBRIDGE. (Hutchins III., p. 137).
The church was practically rebuilt in 1860. The two- handled cup, bearing the hall marks of 1765, given by Sir Richard Carr Glyn, in 1821, to replace the chalice stolen in the previous year, and evidently intended for domestic and not for ecclesiastical use, has, in its turn, been replaced by a very beautiful chalice, the gift, together with a font, lectern, &c., of Sir Richard G. Glyn, in commemoration of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. It is a replica of a chalice of the time of Henry VIII. (circ. 1525), in the possession of Lord Hatherton at Teddesley, Staffs, which was found in the wall of the house when being pulled down for restoration.
HORTON. (Hutchins III., p. 143; D.F.C., Vol. XVII., pp. xxxix.-xL).
At the restoration in 1891, two galleries were removed and the oak sounding board, as well as the oak from the Manor pew.
WEST PARLEY. (Hutchins III, p. 438 ; D.F.C., Vol. XIX., pp. Ixv.-lxvi.).
The chancel was rebuilt, and north aisle added in 1896.
WOODLANDS. (KNOWLTON, Hutchins III., p. 150 ; D.F.O., Vol. XVII., pp. 135-140 ; Vol. XXXIV., p. 39 ; and Vol. XXXV., p. xxx.).
118 NOTES ON DORSET "RESTORED" CHURCHES.
The church at Woodlands was built in 1892 from designs by Mr. G F. Bodley, R.A. The bowl of the font of the ruined church at Knowlton has found a resting place here.
WITCHAMPTON. (Hutchins III., p. 474; D.F.C., Vol. XXXV., p. xxix.).
Only the Perpendicular tower of the old church is now left. The south transept was rebuilt in 1832 ; the chancel, nave, and north transept in 1844. In 1898 (Architect, Mr. C. E. Ponting), the church was refloored with wood blocks, and the chancel and sanctuary were raised and tiled, the high pews were removed and the west gallery taken away, the organ chamber was built and the pulpit lowered, the small oaken table was replaced by a long altar slab of marble, and the bowl of the old font, which had been doing duty as a trough for cattle, was restored to its proper use.
A gargoyle on the tower shows a figure playing the bag- pipes. It has suggested the enquiry whether this was at that period a church musical instrument in Dorset.
WIMBORNE ST. GILES. (Hutchins III., p. 578).
When, in 1732, the parishes of Wimborne St. Giles and Wimborne All Saints were united, the old church of St. Giles was pulled down and a completely new church built upon the former site. In 1887 the interior was restored, under the direction of Mr. Bodley, when by the introduction of piers and arches the church was divided into a nave with north and south aisles. It was cleverly contrived that, whilst the exterior was Georgian, the interior presented the appearance of a Gothic church.
^ The whole of the interior of the church was destroyed by a fire which broke out on the roof of the tower at midnight on September 30th, 1908. The present church, which is con-
NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES. 119
siderably larger than the former one, was re-opened after restoration on September 1st, 1910, the Architect being Mr. J. N. Comper. Some of the monuments were very much damaged by the fire, and especially that of St. John de Plecy, commonly spoken of as " the crusader," who died in 1313. It has been carefully restored.
The six bells were reduced to fragments of molten metal.
LYME DEANERY. (16 churches. 2 returns.)
THORNCOMBE. (Hutchins IV., 525).
The church was rebuilt on a new site in 1867 (Architect, J. Mountford Allen). The tower arch and one window were removed from the old church and placed in the new ; as also were the pulpit, the reading desk, and the pews in the N. and S. aisles. The fine brass to Sir Thomas Brook (ob. 1419) and Johan his wife was also removed, and is in the present church.
There are seven fine window heads in the vicarage garden, which it is intended to restore to the church.
WHITCHURCH CANONICORUM. (D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XIX., pp. 145-149, and Vol. XXVIII. pp. 51-64, Hutchins Vol. II., p. 252).
The church was restored in 1848, the old features being carefully preserved. There are here some curious carvings in stone, e.g., on the S. side of the tower a ship and an axe ; and on the wall of the S. aisle a two-handled vessel, believed to be a representation of the " Holy Grail." A short descriptive illustrated sketch has been compiled by the vicar, Rev. E, H. H. Lee.
120 NOTES ON DORSET "RESTORED" CHURCHES.
SHERBORNE DEANERY. (17 returns.)
BRADFORD ABBAS. St. Mary the Virgin. (Hutchins TV., p. 121 ; D.F.C. Vol. XII., pp. xxiv., xxv.).
Restored in 1858, when the stone wall above the screen was removed and the chancel arch inserted. In 1890 all the roofs were renewed and the nave covered with lead. The font was moved from opposite the south door to west end. In 1911 north chantry was added (Mr. C. B. Benson was the Architect).
Objects of interest.
Priest's porch on south. Hand raised in Benediction on buttress to east of south door.
CASTLETON, St. Mary Magdalene. (Hutchins IV. p. 204). The vestry was added in 1857 and the church reseated in 1863. There is a brass chandelier dated 1714.
CHETNOLE, St. Peter. ( Hutchins IV. p. 449). Nave and chancel restored in I860, and the north aisle in 1866 (Mr. E. W. Slater, Architect). There are two mediaeval bells.
OVER COMPTON, St. Michael. (Hutchins IV., p. 167).
In 1876 the chancel was raised about three feet. In 1895 the east window which had been walled up was opened out, and the glass in this (as also that in the large window in the " family transept " and in the north and south windows in the chancel) was painted by Kempe. The church was reseated. There is one mediaeval bell.
THORNFORD, 8t. Mary Magdalene. (Hutchins IV., p. 300 • D.F.C. Vol. XII., p. xxvi.).
NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES. 121
The church was completely restored in 1866, when the north aisle and vestry were added. The then existing chantry chapel on north of nave was thrown into the new aisle and a ribbed Ham-Stone arch, probably originally over the stone effigy, was^used for the opening into the new vestry from chancel. The piscina was renovated and inserted in the sill of nave window. A doorway in west wall of tower was built up ; also a Priest's door in south wall of chancel. The nave was roofed with lead and the church floor raised in level several inches. The Jacobean Holy Table was removed, and is now used as a table in the Village Inn. The Jacobean pulpit was taken down and the panels now line the east wall of the Sanctuary. The church was reseated in 1866. There were a stone chancel screen and many consecration crosses. Scraps of old glass have been placed in the easternmost window of south side of chancel ; on one fragment is a rebus of John Sparrow, Vicar of Sherborne, A.D. 1419. (A sparrow yoked to a harrow).
Three of the five bells are ancient.
YETMINSTER, St. Andrew. (Hutchins IV., p. 444 ; D.F.C. Vol. XII., pp. 146-156).
Restored in 1890 by G. R. Crickmay, when the galleries were removed. There is a fine brass to the memory of John Horsey, and Elizabeth his wife, which, since the account in Hutchins was written, has been fixed in the south wall of nave. On the west wall of nave is the base of a Norman font. There are several consecration crosses and a very little 15th century glass.
SHERBORNE, St. Mary the Virgin (Hutchins, Vol. IV., pp. 207-306; D.F.C., Vol. XII., pp. xxii.— xxv. ; Vol. XXV., pp. li., 161—171).
The nave and transepts were restored in 1848-51 by R. C. Carpenter, when the galleries in nave and transepts
122 NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES.
were removed and the church reseated ; the choir in 1856 by W. Slater ; and the tower in 1884 by R. H. Carpenter, when the Jacobean reredos of wood was taken away and the present one of Caen stone substituted. The 13th century and 15th century Lady Chapels at the east end of the Abbey church were transferred to the old house of the head-master of the school in 1561. It is a cause for rejoicing that they are now (1919) to be restored to the Abbey. The fine brass lectern, the gift of G. D. Wingfield Digby, Esq., was placed in .the church in 1869. A new pulpit was placed in the church about 10 years ago. The features of interest are :—
The doorway supposed to be of pre-Norman date visible on the outside of the west end of north aisle.
The remains of the old parish church of " All Saints " at the west end of the Abbey Church.
The fragments of Norman work attributed to Bishop Roger of Sarum.
The portion of Early English work on north side of choir. The beautiful fan vaulting to practically the whole of the church.
The Norman south porch, restored in 1850. Some of the stained glass is packed away in the Priest's room above the south porch. Some coats of arms are intact in this glass.
The only monument to Henry, Prince of Wales, son of James 1st, in the Priest's room, viz., his hatchment, no doubt came from Sherborne Castle, of which he was 'Squire. The vestry Contains many tablets, removed thither when the church was restored. One of Beatrix, Countess of Bristol, contains on the slab a chronogram.
There is a fine peal of eight bells ; the 1st and 2nd were added in 1858, the 6th bell was recast in 1858, the tenor bell in 1866, and the 3rd and 7th bells in 1903. The Sanctus belKis mediseval.
NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES. 123
RYME INTRINSECA, 81. Hypolete. (Hutchins IV., p. 491).
The church was partly restored in 1885 by the Duke of Cornwall (Prince of Wales) under Hunt, Architect. The dedication is worth noting.
The building is Early English, altered in the 15th or early 16th Century.
OBORNE, St. Cuthbert. (Hutchins IV., p. 200).
A modern church consecrated in 1862. At some distance from it, by the side of the Sherborne — Shaftesbury road, stands the chancel of the old church, still used when a burial takes place in the old churchyard. This church was built in 1533 by John Dunster, last Prior of Sherborne Abbey. Over the east and north window on the outside are two inscriptions. John Dunster was Sacrist of the Abbey at the time he rebuilt this chancel. He was Prior at the dissolution.
HERMITAGE, St. Mary. (Hutchins IV., p. 466).
Rebuilt in 1800. The tower was rebuilt some 200 years earlier, so it is stated. The Priory of Hermitage was a house of Friar Hermits of St. Augustine, dedicated first to St. Lawrence and later to the B.V.M., patronized by the Earls of Cornwall from Edward 1st ; but from 1460 it became a free chapel. The date of the first Prior was 1327.
NETHER COMPTON, St. Nicholas. (Hutchins IV., p. 159).
Restored in 1885-6, when the north and south walls were rebuilt, the old windows being replaced,and the organ chamber and vestry added, the church reseated, much of the old wood being used again, the organ gallery in tower being removed. Mr. Smith was the Architect.
124 NOTES ON DORSET " RESTORED " CHURCHES.
The image of the Patron Saint, which had been broken, was reconstructed and replaced in its niche ; an aumbrey piscina, holy water basin, lepers' window, and the rood loft door were restored. There is one medisBVal bell. The five bells were recast at the restoration of the church.
BATCOMBE. (Hutchins IV., p. 421).
In a ground called the Park are some remains of a house and a moat round it, which, tradition says, was the seat of the Staffords, and that out of its ruins the present church was built.
LEIGH, S. Andrew. (Hutchins IV., p. 450; D.F.C. Vol. XVI., p. xxv.).
The north aisle was added in 1840 (circ.). A bell was added in 1897. Hutchins states that there are the remains of a cross in the churchyard.
LILLTNGTON, S. Martin. (Hutchins, Vol. IV., p. 194). The church was restored in 1848. It has numerous con- secration crosses, and one mediaeval bell.
MELBURY OSMOND. (Hutchins IV., p. 437,.
The pews were cut down in 1888, and the 1st bell WPS recast in the same year. The chancel was lengthened 8 feet m 1910.
STOCKWOOD, 8. Edu-old. (Hutchins IV., p. 442).
BEER HACKETT, S. Michael. (Hutchins IV., p. 119) Reetored in 1882; Architect, Mr. G. Criekmay.
INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX,
By HARRY POUNCY (Assistant Secretary).
Acland, Captain John E., F.S.A., Vice- President and Hon. Treasurer ; Hon. Secretary and Curator, Dorset County Museum, xxv., xxxi., xxxii., xxxiii,, xxxv., xxxvi., xxxix., xl.
Almack, Rev. A. C,, Secretary Restored Churches Committee, xxxviii,, 97.
Bankes Family, The, xxvii, Bassett, Rev, H, H. Tilney, R.D., 76, Birds of Dorset, First Appearances, 86,
New Species Observed, 45. Blathwayt, Rev. F. L. M.B.O.U.,
xxix., xxx,, 45, Botanical Notes, 89, Churches of Dorset " Restored," 97, Coins of Dorset, Sandsfoot Castle and
Weymouth, 53, Committees of the Club, xi, Curtis, Wilfrid Parkinson, F.E.S.,
xxxi., 85,
Daoornbe, J, M. J,, xxvi, Dicker, Miss, xxxiii. Dixon, Mrs., xxix. Elwes, Captain G. R,, Vice-President,
xxxii. First Appearances of Birds, Insects,
and Flowering of plants, 85, Fletcher, Rev, Canon J, M, J,, B,D,, Vice-president and Hon, Editor, xxvii,, xxix., xxxiii,, xxxv,, xxxix,, xl,, 29, Flora of Japan, xxx, Fry, E, A,, xxxiv,, 03, Kampden, John, Relics of, xxxii, Howgill, Ohas, s,, xxx, Kingston Lacy, Anei nt Buildiag, xxvii, Lepidopttra of Dorset, 00, Mansel.pleysell, the late J, 0,, First
President, 43, Mayo, Rev, Canon Ohaa, H,,v Vie©.
President, xxxiv, Meetings—
First Winter Meeting, xxv, ieeond Winter Meeting, xxxi, Annual Business Meeting,
XXXV,
Member*, List of, xii,
M Newly-eleeted, xxiii, Museum, Doriet County, Additions to,
xxxvi, Nightingale in Dorset, xxx,
Officers of the Club : Past and Present,
v,, xi,
Pearce, Mrs, Thos, A,, xxvii, Pentin, Rev, Herbert, Vice -President and Hon. Secretary, xxvi,, xxxi,, xxxv., xxxix, Photographic Survey, xxxvi. Pipe Leases for Dorset, 63, Pope, Alfred, F.S.A,, Vice-president,
xxvii,, xxx,, xxxiii,, xxxv, Pounoy, Harry, Assistant Hon. Secre- tary, xxxix,
president's Annual Address—- Obituary, 1, Zoology, 2,
Botany and Agriculture, 5. Geology, 7, Astronony, 8, Meteorology, 10, Electricity, 11, Chemistry, 12, Engineering, 13. Geography, 15. Archaeology and Anthro«
pology, 16, General, 17.
Prideaux, Chas. H,, Secretary Earth.
works Committee, xxxviii.
Prideaux, Wm, de C,, Viee-President,
xxxix.
Publications of the Club, xxiv, Rainfall Returns for Dorset, 76, Richards, John, of Warmwell ; Com- mercial Day Book, 20, Richardson, Nelson M., President of the Club, xxvi,, xxxi,, xxxv,, xxxvi,, xxxix,, 1, Ridley, Rev. J,, 81. Rules of the Club, vi, Sandsfoot Castle, Coins, 88, Smith, Mrs, R, Bosworth, xxvi, Societies and Institutions in Corres- pondence, xxiv, Sturt, the late W, Neville, 20. Symonds, Henry, F.S.A,, Vice- president, xxvii,, xxxii,, xxxiv,, xxxviii,, 53, Treasurer's Aoeount, xl, Weymouth, Coins, 53, Wimborne Minster, Some Unrecorded
Deans, 29,
Winwood, T. H. R,, xxxiii. Woodd, Eev. C. H. B., xxx,, xxxii.
DA 670 D69D6 v.39
Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society ProceediMgs
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