ee 


es 


gay: 
iY My p 


Ne ies 
ahve ek ae 
re atl vi 


< 
‘ 


ot 


i 
} 


ny, ASR 


ry i: - ad ‘ 
| ' oi py 


AVE tes eee 
Proreae # o eae pe 


eats ra i : 8 at ‘ Taha oy 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


Biological Society of Washington 


VOLUME 62 
1949 


eT ORR 
“ aN INST 
of 34% 


ees | 
NOV 13 > 1949 


se ONAL — 


WASHINGTON 
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 


COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS 


HERBERT FRIEDMANN, Chairman 
REMINGTON KELLOGG E. P. KILLIP J.S. WADE 


PUBLICATION NOTE 


By a change in the By-Laws of the Biological Society of Washington, 
effective March 27, 1926, the fiscal year now begins in May, and the 
officers will henceforth hold office from May to May. This, however, will 
make no change in the volumes of the Proceedings, which will continue 
to coincide with the calendar year. In order to furnish desired infor- 
mation, the title page of the current volume and the list of newly elected 
officers and committees will hereafter be published soon after the annual 
election in May. 


All correspondence should be addressed to the Biological Society of 
Washington, c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 


MONUMENTAL PRINTING CoO. 


BALTIMORE, MD. 


NOV 1 6 1949 


OFFICERS AND COUNCIL 
OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
(FOR 1949-1950) 


(ELECTED MAY 14, 1949) 


OFFICERS 


President 


F. C. LINCOLN 


Vice-Presidents 
(In the order of election) 


J. E. BENEDICT, Jr. H. G. DEIGNAN 
W. A. DAYTON | HUGH T. O’NEIL 


Recording Secretary 


8S. F. BLAKE 


Corresponding Secretary 


DAVID H. JOHNSON 


Treasurer 
ALLEN J. DUVALL 
COUNCIL 
, Elected Members 
MALCOLM DAVIS H. J. DEASON 
H. A. BORTHWICK L. W. SWIFT 


W. H. STICKEL 


E2z-Presidents 


J. W. ALDRICH H. C. ORERHOLSER 
PAUL BARTSCH T. S. PALMER 

C. E. CHAMBLISS S A. ROHWER 

A. D. HOPKINS 

L. 0. HOWARD J. 8. WADE 

H. B. HUMPHREY EK. P. WALKER 

H. H. T. JACKSON A. WETMORE 


STANDING COMMITTEES—1949-1950 
Committee on Communications 
MatLcoum Davis, Chairman 
R. M. GILMORE Hueu T. O’NEr, LLoyp W. Swirt 
Committee on Zoological Nomenclature 


AUSTIN H. CLARK, Chairman 
PAvUL BARTSCH H. H. T. JACKSON 
A. WETMORE C. F. W. MUESEBECK 


Committee on Publications 
HERBERT FRIEDMANN, Chairman 
REMINGTON KELLOGG E. P. Kiuuie J. 8. WADE 
Trustees of Permanent Funds 


J. E. Grar (1949-1950), Chairman 
F, C. Lincoun (1948-1950) S. F. BuaKEe (1948-1950) 


(ii) 


EX-PRESIDENTS 
OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


*THEODORE N. GIL, 1881, 1882 
*CuHartes A. WHITE, 1883, 1884 
*G. Brown Goons, 1885, 1886 
*Witiiam H. Daut, 1887, 1888 
*Lester EF’. Warp, 1889, 1890 
*C. Hart Merriam, 1891, 1892 
*C. V. Ritey, 1893, 1894 
*Gro. M. Sternperc, 1895, 1896 
L. O. Howarp, 1897, 1898 
*FREDERICK V. CoviLun, 1899, 1900 
*F. A. Lucas, 1901, 1902 
*B. W. Evermann, 1903, 1904 
*¥. H. Knowtton, 1905, 1906 
*L. StrsneceR, 1907, 1908 
T. S. Paumer, 1909, 1910 
*Davip Wurre, 1911 
*H. W. Newson, 1912, 1913 
Pau. BartscH, 1914, 1915 
"WP. Hay, 1916, 1917 
*J. N. Ross, 1918 
*Hueu M. Smita, 1919 
A. D. Hopxtins, 1920 
*N. Ho.uistEer, 1921 
*VeERNON BaiLey, 1922 
*A. S. Hitcucock, 1923 
*J. W. Gipiey, 1924 
S. A. Ronwer, 1925 
H. C. OBERHOLSER, 1926-1927 
*H. A. Gotpman, 1927-1929 
ALEXANDER WETMORE, 1929-1931 
H. H. T. Jackson, 1931-1933 
C. BE. CHampuiss, 1933-1936 
*H. C. Furusr, 1936-1938 
*W. B. Bey, 1938-1940 
K. P. Waker, 1940-1942 
H. B. Humpnurey, 1942-1944 
*F. THONE, 1944-1946 
J. S. Wane, 1946-1947 


* Deceased. 


(i7) 


74, OC 


— 


pe Ye Pas 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Officers and Committees for 1949 
RPOCCCCM MS MON NOG Mice Nine ei dh ye BUS A to ty 
A new Name for the Genotype of Walchia Ewing (Acarina: 
dirombientidae): by Henry 'S. Buller 0 
A New Genus and Four New Species in the Diplopod Fam- 
ily Xystodesmidae, by Ralph V. Chamberlin... 
A New Family in the Diplopod Order Chordeumida, by 
arpa. @namperiine on kee ee 


A New Race of the Southern Indian Green Pigeon, by S. 


Topi llronah OLR 0) Gara se estes ma) MS A ra eI 
Generic Names of the Four-eyed Pouch Opossum and the 
Woolly Opossum (Didelphidae), by Philip Hershkovitz_ 
Technical Names of the African Muishond (Genus Zorilla) 
and the Colombian Hog-nosed Skunk (Genus Conepatus), 
by. Philip -Phershicewita 2 (sis b a ) 
A New Crayfish of the Genus Orconectes from the Nashville 
Basin in Tennessee, with Notes on the Range of Orco- 
nectes compressus (Faxon) (Decapoda, Astacidae), by 
Thortonty tela Tolls: iii. aN a 
A New House Finch from the Palouse Country of the 
Northwestern United States, by John W. Aldrich 
Two New Coyotes from the United States, by Hartley H. 
TUL EWC 0 100 MME RACER Sitti ERASE Moe aU We een at 
Eight New Birds from the Subtropical Zone of the Paria 
Peninsula, Venezuela, by William H. Phelps and Wil- 
ivamiPEIe Help pcb acl Me ae ee 
Descripiions of Some Undescribed Forms Belonging to Two 
Little Known Species of the Family Aphididae, by F. C. 
1 (OS SY te Non colR 8 In el Nan Ee oO I ea 
Descriptions of the Sexual Forms of Some Species of 
Aphididae: by xb CG: Enotes ert Uh ie Mi RCTs | 
Geographic Variation in the Ribbed Frog, Ascaphus truei, 
by M. B. Mittleman and George 8. Myers 
A New Loach of the Genus Acanthophthalmus from Siam, 
by sPEvOlnench check curiae Oe esc iON FC dt a hd a 
On a Collection of Sea-stars from the Philippine Islands, by 
PSE HG ele CO lepmkuis 08 alive Bee RRL ook er Si 
Three New Species of Diplopoda from Mangtnia, by Richard 
L. Hoffman 


vl Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


American Caudata. VI. The Races of Eurycea bislineata, by 


MS Ge sean iS a) Se I nh 2) 89-96 
Remarks on the Genus Ochetorhynchus Meyen, by Alexander 

Wetmore! .%) 0. ue Ve a ee ee 97-100 
A New Race of Pipilo fuscus from Mexico, by Robert T. 

Moore and James LL. Peters _._.. _ 101-102 
A New Hummingbird of the Genus ibecihomnis om South- 

ern) Mexico, by obert.TaMoore:. a ie eee aon aie 103-104 
A New Species Belonging to the Genus Myzoeallis (Aphi- 

didae)), by, EF. Co Elottes se.) ee ee ee 105-108 
Eleven New Subspecies of Birds Saye Wene7acly by Wil- 

lamvEE Phelps and William, EP lelps; li, 2) seen 109-124 
Some Western Millipeds of the Family Chelodesmidae, by 

Ralph We Chamberlin: aio. 0 0s ue a eae eee 125-132 
Cavies of Southern Peru, by Colin Campbell Sanborn _____ 133-134 


Some Recent Collections of Plethodon from Virginia with 
the Description of a New Form, by Arnold B. Grobman__ 135-142 
A New Pocket Gopher from Southeastern Utah, by Keith 


1c soe pl Qe) 0) « amt MRM ORRD ER AIR USLNOR PE retina ete VEC ie atu Cys 143-146 
A New Drymaria (Caryophyllaceae) from Mexico, by F. R. 

WSs) 61: 29g a teeta ane soe UN REM eee crate silat. {Veh de _ 147-148 
A New Subspecies of Cotton Rat, Sigmodon hispidus, from 

Michoacan, Mexico, by E. Raymond Hall. 149-150 
A New Brunfelsia from Brazil, by C. V. Morton 151-152 


A New Subspecies of Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus Mexi- 
canus) from Hastern Mexico, by W. W. Dalquest and E. 


RMayvanorg Abbas eet Sum ee eS a ee ee _ 153-154 
Two New Orioles from the Philippines, by E. T. Gilliard. 155-158 
Some Obscure Aphid Species, by F. C. Hottes 159-160 
An Additional Form of the South American Grasshopper 

Sparro wy, -Alexeym der) Vi ebUn Gr muerte ee ie) re eae _ 161-162 
A New Harvest Mouse from Michoacan, Mexico, by E. Ray- 

mond Halll and Bernardo Villani 2 eee eee 163-164 
A New Trimetopon (Ophidia) from Guatemala, by L. C. 

PSG TURTG 2 Se tt UR, ae ME A PAL) We ee ty 2 ae _ 165-168 
A New Subspecies of Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys) 

from Central America, by Emmet T. Hooper... 169-172 
A New Race of Rallus nigricans from Colombia, by Board- 

Mian \Comover’ jena la eal ee Be | ih eg ae 173-174 
A New Race of Ptarmigan in Alaska, by Ira N. Gabrielson 

and. i rederick ’C, Wincolm, 27) 2005 Se ae eee ee 175-176 
Two New Species of Saldidae (Hemiptera) from Western 

United States, by C. J. Drake and F. C. Hottes...._. 177-184 


Seven New Subspecies of Birds from Venezuela, by William 
iE, Phelps and: William) Ei. helps,.dir 2s oes 185-196 


Contents vil 


The Committee on Publications declares that each paper of this 
volume was distributed on the date indicated on its initial page. The 
contents, minutes of meetings, and index for 1949 (pp. v-xu, 197- 
206) were issued on May 11, 1950. The title page and lists of offi- 
cers and committees for 1948-1949 (pp. i-iv) were issued on No- 
vember 16, 1949. 


PLATES. 


Plate I, page 5. New Diplopods of the family Xystodesmidae. 
Plate II, page 8. Ergethus perditus. 

Plate III, page 25. Orconectes rhoadesi. 

Plate IV, page 43. Map of Venezuela. 

Plate V, page 87. New Diplopods from Virginia. 

Plate VI, page 96. Distribution of Eurycea bislineata. 

Plate VII, page 123. Map of Venezuela. 

Plate VIII, page 126. Millipeds of the family Chelodesmidae. 
Plate IX, page 150. Skull of Sigmodon hispidus atratus. 
Plate X, page 181. Two new specimens of Saldidae. 

Plate XI, page 193. Map of Venezuela. 


viii Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Vol. 62, pp. 1x-xii 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


PROCEEDINGS 


The Society meets from October to May on the second Satur- 
day of each month at 8 P.M. All regular meetings during 
1949 were held in Room 43 of the U. S. National Museum 
except the 984th meeting, held in the National Museum audi- 
torium. 


979th Meeting—January 8, 1949 


President Aldrich in the chair; 72 persons present. 
Informal Commumcations: Maleolm Davis, Note on the 
observation of a European ruff; Lorina Wendt, Note on the 
observation of crossbills at Lebanon, Virginia. 
Formal Communication: Richard E. Griffith, Conservation 
of Alaska’s wildlife resources. 


980th Meeting—February 12, 1949 


President Aldrich in the chair; 74 persons present. 

New members elected: Ethan D. Churchill, E. Thomas 
Gilliard. 

Informal Communications: Mr. Owen, Note on observation 
of a seal in upper Chesapeake Bay; J. W. Aldrich, Note on 
the nesting of the barn owl in the Smithsonian tower. 

Formal Communication: Reese I. Sailer, The bloodsucking 
insects of Alaska. 


981st Meeting—March 12, 1949 


President Aldrich in the chair; 64 persons present. 

Informal Communication: Frank Thone, Exhibition of new 
books on biological subjects. 

Formal Communication: Robert F. Black, Geology of Alaska 
and its biological significance. 


(ix) 


x Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


982d Meeting—April 9, 1949 


President Aldrich in the chair; 74 persons present. 
Formal Communication: Hugh O’Neill, Vegetation of 
Alaska. 


Special Meeting—April 15, 1949 
Joint meeting with the Washington Academy of Sciences 
and the Entomological Society of Washington. 
Formal Communication: Karl von Fritsch, Universe of 
Graz, The language of the bees. 


983rd Meeting—May 14, 1949 
70TH ANNUAL MEETING 


President Aldrich in the chair; 20 persons present. 

New members elected: Ross H. Arnett, Kenneth C. Parks, 
William O. Pruitt, Mrs. Anastasia J. Romanoff. 

Reports were presented by the Recording Secretary, Treas- 
urer, Committee on Publications, and Committee on Com- 
munications. 

The following officers and members of council were elected: 

President, F. C. Lincoln; Vice Presidents, J. EK. Bendict, Jr., 
W. A. Dayton, H. G. Deignan, Hugh O’Neill: Recording Sec- 
retary, S. F. Blake; Corresponding Secretary, D. H. Johnson; 
Treasurer, A. J. Duvall; Members of the Council, Harry A. 
Borthwick, Maleolm Davis, H. J. Deason, Lloyd W. Swift, 
Ww. Stickel. 

The business meeting was followed by an open meeting, at 
which the records ‘of frog and toad voices, prepared by A. A. 
Allen of Cornell University and sold under the title Voices 
of the Night, were played on the phonograph. 


Special Meeting—June 6, 1949 
Joint meeting with the Society for Parapsychology, Wash- 
ineton section. 
Formal Communication: F. C. Lincoln, The homing instinct 
in birds. 


984th Meeting—Cctober 6, 1949 


Joint meeting with the Washington Academy of Sciences 
and the Entomological Society of Washington. 

Formal Communication: H. H. Stage, Observations of an 
entomologist in Africa and Mauritius; Nagana, African sleep- 
ing sickness of animals (sound film). 


Proceedings Xl 


985th Meeting—November 12, 1949 


President Lincoln in the Chair; 31 persons present. 

New member elected: Abelardo Moreno. 

Formal Communication: Lionel A. Walford, Sardines; It’s 
the Maine sardine (color film). 


986th Meeting—December 10, 1949 


President Lincoln in the Chair; 43 persons present. 

New members elected: Robert Rausch, Kenneth EH. Stager. 

Informal Communications: Clarence Cottam, Note on dam- 
age done by squirrels to lead pipe used to protect telephone 
wire; Malcolm Davis, Note on a turkey buzzard snatching a 
frankfurter from a small boy at the Zoo and eating it. 

Formal Communication: Clarence Cottam, Conservation in 
New Zealand. 


xii Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Th BU VYy 


Vol. 62, pp. 1-2 March 17, 1949 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


~ 


A NEW NAME FOR THE GENOTYPE OF WALCHIA 
EWING (ACARINA: TROMBICULIDAE) 


By Henry 8S. FULLER 


Trombidium glabrum Dugés dates from January, 1834, 
Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Seconde Série, Zoologie, 7, 
pp. 39-40. The description validates the name, but it is not 
adequate for recognition of the mite according to current 
standards. 


Trombidium glabrum Walch dates from 1927, Geneeskundig Tijd- 
schrift voor Nederlandsch-Indié, 67, pp. 924, 926-927, 932; table I; 
figs, 4-6. It was made the type of Walchia Ewing by original designa- 
tion (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 80, no. 2908, Art. 8, pp. 10-11). In men- 
tioning the genotype, Ewing incorrectly referred its original descrip- 
tion to the genus Trombicula, a combination not used by Walch. 

Since Trombidium glabrum Walch is preoccupied, it is rejected as a- 
homonym, and the writer hereby proposes for it 


Trombidium ewingi nomen novum 


The genus Walchia Ewing contains the following named species: 

Walchia ewingi nomen novum, genotype; of which W. pingue Gater, 

1932, is a synonym, according to Womersley and Heaslip (1943); W. 

enode Gater, 1932; lewthawaitei Gater 1932; W. rustica (Gater, 1932); 

. W. turmalis (Gater, 1932); W. disparunguis (Oudemans, 1929); W. 
morobensis Gunther, 1939; and W. americana Ewing, 1942. 


This paper is a byproduct of a revisionary study done during the 
period of tenure of a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship. 


on NOH) 77;; on 
MARI 71949 # 
ani 7 


1 3. Brow. S00. WasH., Vou. 62, 1949. Q) 


MARY 7 1948 


’ MARL 71949 7) 
S steiond purses Of Mace 17, 1949 


PETE nis Sars 


a —s>OF-:«* THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW GENUS AND FOUR NEW SPECIES IN THE 
DIPLOPOD FAMILY XYSTODESMIDAE 


By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN 


The types of the new forms here described are in the 
writer’s collection at the University of Utah. 


Genus Cherokia new 


Characterized by the structure of the gonopods of the male. In this 
the telopodite extends forward nearly at right angles to the coxa and is 
distinctly divided into two segments of which the first is straight; the 
second division a blade that is distally fureate, with its terminal branch 
bidentate at tip. (See accompanying figure 1.) Generotype.—Cherokia 
georgiana (Bollman). 

While Bollman’s Fontaria georgiana was previously placed by the 
present writer in the genus Mimuloria, it is now set apart because of 
the disinctly divided telopodite of the male gonopods, a feature that 
also distinguishes it from Rhysodesmus and other related genera. 


Sigmoria zyga new species 


Field notes record that in life this species has the caudal and lateral 
borders of the tergites red, with the edges white. In alcohol the red 
eolor fades out. The species is best distinguished by the form of the 
telopodite of the male gonopods, especially at its distal end which is 
prolonged into a slender curved process as represented in fig. 2. 

Length, 35 mm.; width, 9 mm. 

Locality: North Carolina, between Hot Springs and Paint Rock. 
Two ¢s and one 9 taken Aug. 7, 1910 by R. V. Chamberlin. 


Dynoria medialis new species 


In the preserved holotype the anterior part of the exposed portion 
of the tergites is chestnut while the keels and a broad band across 
eaudal border are yellow; legs yellow. 

Coxae of legs and sternites of middle and posterior segments with 
conical processes or spines. 

Gonopods of ¢ of same general form as those of icana; the telopodite 
lamellate, with a narrower proximal stem above which the blade expands 
as shown in the figures (Figs. 5 & 6). The supplementary process at 
the distal end closely applied to the main body, not widely divergent as 
it is in icana. 

Length, about 45 mm.; width, 11 mm. 

Locality —Georgia: Atlanta. Male holotype taken July 12, 1946 by 
P. W. Fattig. 


2 —-Proc. Brow. Soc. WAsH., Vou, 62, 1949. (8) 


= vz 
1? 1949 


4 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Nannaria cayugae new species 


This small form has the keels and a stripe across caudal border of 
tergites yellow in color, with remaining portion nearly black but lighter 
each side of middle, this giving appearance of two somewhat lighter 
longitudinal stripes. Legs light brown or yellow; antennae dark, nearly 
biack, distally. : 

Coxae all unspined. Posterior sternite with a pair of subconical 
processes or teeth at posterior border. Processes of coxae of second legs 
in male cylindrical, relatively short and stout, distally truncate. 

Blade of gonopods of male moderately evenly curved, apically 
narrowed; with basal spine elongate, curved toward base, the distal 
portion more nearly straight. (See fig. 3). 

Width, 4 mm. 

Loeality: New York: Ithaca. One male taken in the summer of 1930. 


Nannaria equalis new species 


Dorsum black or in part deep chestnut excepting the keels, these being 
yellow; the sides also yellowish. Legs light brown, the antennae darker. 

Pores lateral in position as usual in the genus. 

Distinguished from other known species in peculiarities of the male 
gonopods. In these the main branch is straight excepting a short apical 
portion which is bent at right angles to the main axis. The basal spine 
nearly equals in length the telopodite proper and is a little clavately 
expanded distally: See further fig. 4. 

Width of ¢ holotype 5.2 mm. 

Locality.—Tennessee: Knoxville. A male and female. 

The female allotype is not in full color. 


Nannaria castanea (McNeill) 


Polydesmus castaneus McNeill, 1887, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 10:329, pl. 
12, fig. .S. 

Fontaria castanea Bollman, 1893, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 46, p. 123. 

Mimularia castanea Chamberlin, 1928, Ent. News, 39:153. 

Fontaria castanea Williams & Hefner, 1928, Bull. Ohio Biol. Survey, No. 
18:106, fig. 9B. 

Nannaria ohionis Loomis & Hoffman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 61:53. 

Localities: Indiana and Ohio. 

Loomis and Hoffman state (loc. sit.) that the form figured by Wil- 
liams and Hefner ‘‘is distinctive in the subterminal tooth on the mesial 
process’? of the ¢ gonopod. However, McNeill in his original descrip- 
tion gives a figure of the gonopod in which this characteristic tooth is 
plainly represented and it is present in all specimens from Indiana and 
Ohio. It seems obvious, therefore, that ohionis is typical castanea. 


Nannaria tuobita (Chamberlin) 


Fontaria tuobita (Chamberlin), 1910, Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 3:243, 
ALD eee 
Nannaria ursa Chamberlin, 1938, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., 51:207. 
Localities: New Mexico: Clouderoft, Bear Canyon, Ruidosa, Glencoe, 
Fort Stanton, ete. 
While varying considerably in size and coloration, there is complete 
intergradation between the extreme forms. 


PLATE I PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. 62 


Fig. 1 


Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Pig. 


Pig. 


Explanation of Figures on Plate I. 


. Cherokia georgiana (Bollman). Right gonopod of male, sub- 


ventral view. 


. Sigmoria zyga new species. Gonopod of male, subventral view. 
. Nannaria cayugae new species. Right gonopod of male, sub- 


mesal view. 


. Nannaria equalis new species. Right gonopod of male, meso- 


ventral view. 


. Dynoria medialis new species. Left gonopod of male, ventral 


view. 


. Dynoria medialis new species. Left gonopod of male, submesal 


view. 


[5] 


aco 


Vol. 62, pp. 7-8 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW FAMILY IN THE DIPLOPOD ORDER 
CHORDEUMIDA 


By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN 


Among a number of diplopods collected by Stanley and 
Dorothea Mulaik, presumably in Texas near Kerrville are a 
female and two males representing a new genus and a dis- 
tinctly new family in the suborder Chordeumidea of the order 
Chordeumida. Pertinent diagnoses are herein given. 


Family Ergethidae new 


Body composed of 20 segments. Mentum of the gnathochilarium 
entire, no promentum being set off; prebasilar sclerite complete, 
sclerolized entirely across with but very narrow at middle. Ocelli 17 on 
each side. Second legs of seventh segment in the male not at all 
modified. a3 

Containing the new genus Ergethus. 

Readily distinguished from other families in having the body com- 
posed of only 20 segments as well as in the characters of the gnatho- 
ehilarium as noted above. 


Genus Ergethus new 


With the characters of the family as noted above. Antennae long; 
first article very short, the second and third long and subequal; the 
fourth, fifth and sixth somewhat shorter, subequal. Telopodite of gono- 
pods of male curved, distally broad and rather complicated. Second legs 
of the seventh segment of normal form and size. Surface of tergites 
smooth. 

Generotype—Ergethus perditus new species. 


Ergethus perditus new species 


Body attenuated anteriorly and more abruptly posteriorly. Surface of 
segments smooth, with the segmental sulci fine and distinct. Last tergite 
with narrowed cauda projecting well beyond the caudal valves. Legs and 
antennae long. ; 

Body in general brown, paler beneath and in more or less distinct 
annuli. Legs yellow. 

Head depressed behind base of antenna on each side, the ocellus in 
the depression; retose, the setae longer and more dense in frontal and 
elypeal region; a fine median sceleus across vertex and down to a point 
between antennae above which interrupted. 

Gnathochilarium with mentum subtriangular in outline, the acute apex 
extending between the lamellae linguales. 


38—Proo. Brot. Soc. WAsH., Vou. 62, 1949. (7) 


ws 79988 


8 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Collum moderately narrowed down each side; the lower margin nearly 
straight and the corners rounded, the caudal one more widely so. 

Legs long and slender with the ultimate article considerably longer 
than the penult. 

Gonopods of male are represented in figs. 1 and 2. 

Length of ¢ holotype about 10.5 mm.; of 92 allotype, about 12 mm. 

Locality: Texas: near Kerrville (3). One female and three males 
taken in the summer of 1939 by Stanley and Dorothea Mulaik. 


Explanation of Figures 


Fig. 1. Left gonopod of male, ectal view. 
Fig. 2. Right gonopod of male, ventral view. 


MNO OP wanna 7 1948 


Vol. 62, pp. 9-10 March 17, 1949 


__ PROCEEDINGS 
Tee OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW RACE OF THE SOUTHERN INDIAN GREEN 
PIGEON 


By S. Dinton Ripbey _ 


Through the kindness of Mr. W. W. A. Phillips, the au- 
thority on Ceylon birds and mammals, I have had an oppor- 
tunity of examining specimens of the Southern Indian Green 
Pigeon recently secured by him in Ceylon. Mr. Phillips first 
came on this species in January, 1947 in the forests of Uva 
Province near Bibile, southeast Ceylon. His note on the 
occurrence was published in the Journal of the Bombay Natu- 
ral History Society (47, No. 1, 1947, p. 162.). His record of 
these pigeons, which have been considered to be rare vagrants, 
is the first since that of Legge over 60 years ago. Later, speci- 
mens have been secured in September, November and Febru- 
ary, some in breeding condition. Comparison of these birds 
with a series from South India reveals at once the presence 
of a new form which I propose as follows; 


Treron phoenicoptera philiipsi subsp. nov. 


Type—é ad. (coll. S. Dillon Ripley No. 1801. Type on deposit in the 
Peabody Museum of Nat. Hist.), collected February 26, 1948, by W. W. 
A. Phillips at Nilgala near Bibile, Uva Province, S. E. Ceylon. 

Diagnosis.—from chlorigaster of southern India this race differs by 
being smaller and by being duller yellow on the nape, more greenish, and 
duller, more grayish-green on the back and wings: below these birds 
lack the lemon yellow neck and breast. The yellow is confined to a 
sub-mental spot and to a patch about the vent and thighs. The breast 
and abdomen are dull greenish-yellow, more infused with grayish-green 
than in chlorigaster. The vinous shoulder patch also is duller and slightly 
darker than in chlorigaster. The measurements follow; 


wing tail culmen 
phillipsi 484 163,165,167, 97 (type), 98, 18, 18.5 (type) 
167 (type) 98, 100 
4992 160, 162, 165.5, 95, 97.5, 99, 17, 15 
169 104 
chlorigaster 422 186-193 103-117 18.5-19.5 
4992 173-189 103.5-113 19-20 


Range.—Ceylon, so far found only in Uva Province in the southeast 
of the Island. 


4—Proo. Brou. Soc. WAsH., Vou. 62, 1949. (9) 


15 t 
217 Ne 


10 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Remarks.—It gives me great pleasure to name this form for my 
friend who has helped me so much in connection with my studies of 
Ceylon birds. Mr. Phillips has recently sent me the following notes; 

1) color of soft parts; ‘‘iris (both sexes), inner ring blue, outer 
carmine; eyelids bluish gray; bill pale bluish white; legs chrome 
yellow.’’ 

2) notes on occurrence; ‘‘In general this Pigeon appears to behave 
in similar manner to other Green Pigeons. It keeps chiefly to the tops 
of trees, and normally does not descend to the ground. During the 
winter period it collects in flocks and feeds on any berries and figs that 
may happen to be ripe. As they fly these Pigeons may be distinguished 
by the noise of their wings. A male shot Sept. 23rd was with two or 
three others and a number of Pompador Green Pigeons feeding in a 
Ficus. I now think that this Pigeon must be resident in the Bibile 
jungles as, had the one shot this day been a migrant, it would most 
probably have been with a flock—also Northeast Monsoon migrants are 
only just beginning to come in. The gonads of the present bird were 
fairly well developed. Other specimens collected in late February also 
had the gonads enlarged. In addition to figs these birds were found 
feeding on the berries of Vitex altissima, called locally ‘‘milla.’’ This 
bird probably breeds during March and April.’’ 

I am much indebted to Mr. J. D. Macdonald of the British Museum 
for measurements of a number of specimens of this form in the BM 
collection. 


x _ 4 Aa * > MUAY fy iy ~~ “hy, 
TA 0O1> Grea. 
(> MARL 71949 7) 


Vol. 62, pp. 11-12 Ya Ah «March 17, 1949 


ee ee 


_— 
——— 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY CF WASHINGTON 


GENERIC NAMES OF THE FOUR-EYED POUCH 
OPOSSUM AND THE WOOLLY OPOSSUM (Didelphidae) 


By PuHILiep HERSHKOVITZ 


Published opinions on the status of Philander Tiedemann 
(Zoologie, vol. 1, p. 426, 1808) are not convincing for lack of 
evidence that the work cited had been carefully studied or 
even consulted. Tiedemann’s system of classification is Lin- 
naean with names for all hierarchies recognized (orders, 
families, genera, species) properly proposed and, for his time, 
adequately diagnosed. The following abstract from the ‘‘Zoo- 


logie’’ exposes the nature of the name Philander. 
p. 426] Geschlecht 1. 
Opossum. Philander (Didelphys L.) 
(Sarigue) : 
{Generic description follows] 
p. 427] [Description continued ] 


Es gibt gegen 10 bekannten Arten: 

1) Das Virginische Opossum. P. virginianus (Did. opossum L.)} 
(le sarique Buff. T. X. p. 279.) 
Korper rothlich braun. Ueber jedem Auge ein gelblich 
weiser Flecken. Schwanz so lang als der Leib. 
1 Fuss und 3 Zoll lang ohne den Schwanz. 
In Virginien, Mexico, Peru u. s. w. 
Schreb. tab. 146, A. B. 
Edw. Tyson Carigueya seu marsupiale Americanum or the 
anatomy of an opossum. Philos. Transact. V. 1698. p. 105, 
V. 1704, p. 1576. 
William Cowper an account of the anatomy of those parts 
of a male opossum that differ from the female. Ibid. V. 
1704. p. 1576. 

2) Das mausartige Opossum P. murinus (Did. murina L.) (la 
marmose Buff. T. X. p. 335.) 


p. 428] [Specifie description follows] 
3) Das kurzgeschwanzte Opossum. P. brachyurus (Did. 
brachyuros Penn.) (le touan Cuvier Tabl. Element. d’hist. 
nat. p. 125:) 


[Specific description follows] 

The above three species are all that were included in the genus 
Philander. It is perfectly clear from the description and the references 
te Buffon, Linnaeus and Schreber, that the first species P. virginianus 
is merely a new name for the four-eyed pouch opossum, Didelphis 
opossum Linnaeus. The second species is a Marmosa, the third a Mono- 
delphis. As P. virginianus is virtually tautonymic, it is here designated 


5—Proo. Biot. Soc. WAsH., You. 62, 1949. {11) 


MA2 1 '7 140@ 


12 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


genotype of Philander Tiedemann. Designation of the woolly opossum, 
Didelphis philander Linnaeus, as genotype by Thomas (Catalogue of the 
Marsupialia and Monotremata in the collection of the British Museum, 
p. 336, 1888) is untenable. In reality, the Philander of Thomas and sub- 
sequent authors is the homonym Philander Burmeister 1856, with type 
Didelphis philander Linnaeus. 

Arguments presented by Allen (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol .13, 
pp. 188-189, 1900) against usage of Philander Tiedemann stem from 3 
misunderstanding of the original composition of the genus and are not 
relevant. Nevertheless, Allen’s substitution of his own Caluromys (D. 
philander Linnaeus type) for Philander authors (not Tiedemann), is 
accidentally valid. Tate’s (Zbid., vol. 76, p. 164, 1939) rejection of 
Philander Tiedemann is based primarily on the misidentification of P. 
virginianus as a Didelphis, and secondarily on the ‘‘homonymity’’ with 
Philander Brisson, 1762. This last in spite of the fact that Tate (op. cit. 
p. 161) listed Philander Brisson as an unavailable synonym of Meta- 
chirops Matschie! With all due respect for Tate’s doubtful endorsement, 
Brisson’s system of classification is non-Linnaean and merits no con- 
sideration. Furthermore, it already has been shown by Hopwood (Proc. 
Zool. Soc. London, vol. 117, p. 533, 1947), that Brisson’s generic names 
are pre-Linnaean and unavailable in any case. Hopwood (op. cit. p. 
535) erred, however, in naming ‘‘Didelphys philander Linnaeus’’ the 
genotype of Philander Tiedemann. In addition, he disinterred Philander 
Gronovius, 1763, with the same genotype designated. Names by Grono- 
vius are no better than those of Brisson and need not be revived at 
this late date (cf. Opinion 89, International Commission on Zoological 
Nomenclature). 

To avoid the possibility of future confusion, disposition must be made 
of two other and unused generic names each with several species includ- 
ing those under discussion. Genotype of Gamba Liais (Climats, geol. 
faune et geogr. bot. Bresil, p. 329, 1872) is here designated Gamba 
palmata Liais (= Chironectes minimus Zimmermann); genotype of 
Cuica Liais (loc. cit.) is here designated Cuica murina Liais (= Mar- 
mosa murina Linnaeus). 

Pertinent data presented are summarized in the following synonymies, 

Genus Philander Tiedemann (Four-eyed pouch opossums). 

Philander Tiedemann, Zoologie, vol. 1, p. 426, 1808 (genotype, 
P[hilander] virginianus Tiedemann = Didelphis opossum Linnaeus). 

Metachirops Matschie, Sitz-ber. Gessellsch. naturforsch. Fr. Berlin, 
p. 268, 1916 (genotype, Didelphis opossum Linnaeus). 

Holothylax Cabrera, Genera Mammalium, (Monotremata, Marsu- 
pialia), Mus. Nac. Cien. Nat., Madrid, p. 47, 1919 (genotype, Didelphis 
opossum Linnaeus). 


Genus Caluromys Allen (Woolly opossums). 


Philander Burmeister, Erlauterungen Fauna Brasiliens, p. 74, Berlin 
1856 (genotype, Philander cayopollin Burmeister = Didelphis philander 
Linnaeus; homonym of Philander Tiedemann, 1808). 

Caluromys Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 13, p. 189, 1900 
(genotype, Didelphis philander Linnaeus). 

Micoureus Matschie, Sitz-ber. Gesellsch. naturforsch. Fr. Berlin, pp. 
259, 269 (genotype, Didelphis laniger Desmarest = D. lanata Olfers; 
homonym of Micoureus Lesson, 1842). 

Mallodelphys Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 5, p. 195, 1920 
{substitute name for Micoureus Matschie). 


ie MUs*'? 


Vol 62, pp. 13-16 ad March 17, 1949 
—— ~ PROCEEDINGS 
} OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


& 


TECHNICAL NAMES OF THE AFRICAN MUISHOND 
(GENUS ZORILLA) AND THE COLOMBIAN HOG- 
NOSED SKUNK (GENUS CONEPATUS) 


By Puitie HERSHKOVITZ 


Application of the typical specific name for the Cape Stink- 
muishond or Striped Polecat is embroiled with names errone- 
ously applied to neo-tropical hog-nosed skunks. The Cape 
Stinkmuishond, currently listed as Ictonyx striatus Perry (cf. 
G. M. Allen, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 83, p. 179, 1939) is 
identical with the zoridle described and figured by Buffon 
in 1755 (Hist. Nat., vol. 18, p. 289, 302-303, pl. 41 [misnum- 
bered 29]). Unfortunately, Buffon believed that the animal 
originated in the New World. This led some authors to com- 
pare and even to identify the zorille with the South American 
mapurito or mafutiiquit mentioned by Gumilla (El Orinoko 
illustrado y defendido, vol. 2, p. 276, 1745; Hist. nat., civ. et 
geogr. l’Orenoque, vol. 8, p. 240, 1758). These blunders were 
corrected by Cuvier in 1801 (in Azara, Essais Hist. Nat. 
Quad. Paraguay, French transl., vol. 1, p. 239, footnote a) 
and in several later works. Cuvier showed that Buffon’s 
zorille, which he termed Viverra zoralla Linnaeus (Gmelin), 
is a native of the Cape of Good Hope and not related to any 
American or European mustelid. This correction was sus- 
tained until Lichtenstein laboriously attempted to identify 
the zorille with a representative of the North American genus 
Spilogale! A. H. Howell, in revising the genus (North Ameri- 
ean Fauna No. 26, p. 11-12, 1906) was inclined to follow suit 
but prudently rejected the name for any known form of 
Spilogale. The white edged ears and the extensively whitened 
tail of the zorille, clearly figured by Buffon and others 
(Schreber, Shaw, ete.) are diagnostic of the Cape Stink- 
muishond and positively eliminate from consideration all 
American mustelids. 

Of numerous technical names applied to the zorille or Cape Stink- 
muishond, the earliest, based solely on Buffon’s reference, is Viverra 
mapurito Miiller, 1776. 


It has already been shown (A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 
vol. 19, p. 46, 1906; Hershkovitz, in press, Journ. Mamm., vol. 30, 1949) 


6—Prooc. Bro, Soc. WASH. Vou. 62, 1949. (13) 


MAR 1 i She 


14 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


that Oken’s vernacular term ‘‘zorille’’ cannot be used as the generic 

name for the African polecats. Ictonyx Kaup, 1835, proposed as a sub- 

stitute, is antedated by Zorilla I. Geoffroy, 1826 (Dict. Class. Hist. Nat., 

Paris, vol. 10, p. 215, type by monotypy ‘‘Le Zorille, Buff., T. XIII, pl. 

41; Mustela Zorvilla et Viverra Zorilla des auteurs systématiques’’ = 

Viverra mapurito Miller). Originally proposed as a subgenus of Mus- 

tela, Zorilla was raised to generic rank by Cuvier (Dict. Sci. Nat., p. 

449, 1829). Accordingly, the scientific name for the zorille or Cape 

Stinkmuishond, stands as follows, with the partial synonymy included as 

# supplement to the references given above and by G. M. Allen (op. 

cil.). 

Zorilla mapurito Miller 

Viverra mapurito Miller, Linn. Syst. Nat., Suppl., p. 32, 1776. 

Viverra zorilla Schreber, Saugth., Theil 3, p. 445 (description), pl. 123 
(name), 1777. 

(Viverra] gorilla Erxleben, Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 492, 1777. Shaw, Gen- 
eral Zoology, vol. 1. pt. 2, p. 391, pl. 94 (top fig.), 1800 (part; ref. 
to Schreber and Buffon). Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 13, vol. 1, 
p. 88, 1788 (part). 

{Viverra] zoriile Boddaert, Elenchus Animalium, p. 84, 1784. 

Mustela gorilla, Lacépéde, Buffon Hist. Nat., ed. Didot, vol. 13, p. 163, 
1799. Desmarest, Mammalogie, p. 181, Atlas pl. 86, fig. 4, 1820 
{1821]. 

Ictonyxz striatus striatus, G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 83, p. 
179, 1939 (synonymy). 

Type locality—None given in original description; determined by 
Cuvier, sup. cit.) as Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. 

The named forms of the species include: Zorilla mapurito albescens 
Heller, Z. m. elgonis Granvik, Z. m. erythreae De Winton, Z. m. inter- 
medius Anderson and De Winton, Z. m. lancasteri Roberts. Z. m. maximus 
Roberts, Z. m. obscuratus de Beaux, Z. m. pondoensis Roberts, Z. m. 
senegalensis Fischer, Z. m. shoae Thomas, Z. m. sudanicus Thomas and 
Hinton. 

Shortridge (The Mammals of South West Africa, vol. 1, p. 197, 1934), 
regards limpopoensis Roberts and shortridgei Roberts as identical with 
the typical form. 


The Colombian Hog-Nosed Skunk 


Notwithstanding published allegations to the contrary, the only basis 
for the name Viverra mapurito Gmelin, is a Colombian and not a Mexi- 
ean hog-nosed skunk. This name, as shown above, is preoccupied and 
cannot be used for any New World mustelid. The first scientific descrip- 
tion of the Colombian hog-nosed skunk is due to the celebrated naturalist 
and eminent botanist, José Celestino Mutis. This scholar, born in 1732, 
in Cadiz, Spain, sailed for Cartagena, Colombia, in 1760. Until his death 
in Bogotd, in the year 1808, Mutis devoted himself to the study of the 
natura] phenomena of Colombia. It was during a four year expedition 
to Las Minas de Mantuosa, near Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Co- 
lombia, that Mutis discovered the animal in question. A complete 
description of the skunk under the misnomer ‘‘Viverra putorius,’’ was 
addressed October 6, 1767 to a Swedish friend, Alstromer, who secured 
its publication in 1770 (Kong). Vetenskap. Acad. Handl., Stockholm, 


Hersikovitz—Hog-Nosed Skunk 15 


vol. 31, p. 67-77). In 1771, Linnaeus included in the Mantissa (2, p. 
522) a Latin summary of the original description still under the name 
**Viverra putorius.’’ Schreber (Saugth., Theil 3, heft 26, p. 445-6, 
1777) gave a German translation of the description and introduced the 
Spanish vernacular name mapurito. Schreber continued the use of the 
misnomer ‘‘ Viverra putorius,’’ however, and, through a lapsus, assigned 
both the type locality, Pamplona, and the residence of Mutis, Sante Fé 
(= Bogota), to ‘‘Mexico.’’? In 1784, Boddaert (Elenchus Animalium, 
p. 84) disengaged Mutis’ skunk from the synonymy of Viverra putorius 
Linnaeus, a Spilogale, and designated it Viverra semistriata. Unhappily, 
this author carelessly followed Schreber in citing ‘‘Mexico’’ as the 
habitat. The same error was repeated later by Gmelin (Linn. Syst. 
Nat., ed. 13, vol. 1, p. 88, 1788) who proposed the preoccupied name 
Viverra mapurito as a substitute for ‘‘Viverra putorius Mutis.’? Hum- 
boldt (Ree. Obs. Zool. Anat. Comp., vol. 1, p. 350, 1811 [1812] who 
with Bonpland (vide Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 4, p. 476-477, 
1864) became acquainted with Mutis and his collections in Bogota, 
recognized and redefined the Colombian skunk under the name Viverra 
mapurito Gmelin. At the same time, Humboldt reasserted the Colombian 
origin of the type specimen and recorded additional Colombian (Fusu- 
gasugé; Santa Fé de Bogota) and Ecuadorian (Loja) localities for the 
species. Another specimen from Quito, Ecuador, was regarded as dis- 
tinct and named Gulo quitensis. 

The foregoing historical facts are summarized in the following 
synonymy. A few collateral references are included for disspelling any 
eonfusion still remaining in certain quarters. 


Coneptaus semistriatus Boddaert 

Viverra putorius Mutis (nec Linnaeus, 1758) Kongl. Vetenskap. Acad. 
Handl., Sweden, vol. 31, p. 66-67, 1770. Linnaeus, Mantissa, 2 ap- 
pendix p. 522, 1771. Miiller, Linn. Syst. Nat., Suppl., p. 31, 1776. 
Schreber, Saugth., Theil 3, heft 26, p. 445-446, 1777 (‘‘Der Mapuri- 
to,’’? Mexico!). 

[Viverra] semistriata Boddaert, Elenchus Animalium, p. 84, 1784 [1785] 
(based solely on reference to Mutis, 1769 [1770]). 
{Viverra] mapurito Gmelin (nec Miiller, 1776), Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 

vol. 1, p. 88, 1788 (based solely on reference to Mutis). 

M(ephitis] mapurito, Lichtenstein, Abh. k. Akad. Wiss, Berlin, phys. 
K1., 1836, p. 270, 1838 (Colombia). 

{Fiverra| conepatl Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 13, vol. 1, p. 88, 1788 
(based solely on ‘‘conepatl . . . Hernand[ez], Mex[ico], p. 232,’’ 
1651). 

Gulo quitensis Humboldt, Ree. Obs. Zool. Anat. Comp., vol. 1, p. 347, 
1811 [1812] (type locality, Quito, Ecuador). 

Mephitis zorilla Fischer, Synopsis Mammalium, p. 162, 1829 (based 
solely on the ‘‘mapurito’’ of Gumilla; type locality, Rio Orinoco, 
Venezuela). 

Mephitis] gumillae Lichtenstein, Abh. k. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, phys. 
K1., 1836, p. 276, 1838 (based solely on reference to the ‘‘mapuri- 
to’’ of Gumilla; name antedated by zorilla Fischer). 

Mephitis] amazonica Lichtenstein, Abh. k. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, phys. 
K1., 1836, p. 275, 1838 (type locality, Rio Amazonas; collected by 
Mawe, British Museum). 


16 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Conepatus semistriatus, A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc., Washington, vol. 
19, p. 45, 1906. Cabrera and Yepes, Mamiferos sud-americanos, 
Historia Natural Ediar, p. 154, 1940 (Colombia and Venezuela). 

Type locality.—Las Minas de Mantuosa, near Pamplona, Norte de 

Santander, Colombia. 


“ey { ; 
a ‘a AN ae uy 
Vol. 62, pp. 17- a Apotceetty March 17, 1949 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
OF THE 
PROCEEDINGS 


A NEW CRAYFISH OF THE GENUS ORCONECTES 

FROM THE NASHVILLE BASIN IN TENNESSEE, 

WITH NOTES ON THE RANGE OF ORCONECTES 
COMPRESSUS (FAXON) (DECAPODA, ASTACIDAE) 


By Horton H. Hosss, Jr! 


Apparently the first specimens of the new species described 
below were collected by Mr. J. E. Benedict at Nashville, Ten- 
nessee, in May, 1897. Faxon (1914:383) mistakenly identified 
them as Orconectes validus. Fleming (1939), in his report on 
‘The Larger Crustacea of the Nashville Region,’’ was ap- 
parently unaware of Faxon’s record for Orconectes validus, 
and he included no reference to a form which can be ascribed 
to this species. It is possible that the range of this new species 
is somewhat restricted in the Nashville area; however, Dr. C. 
S. Shoup of Vanderbilt University, and Dr. Mike Wright of 
Tusculum College have collected it in several localities (see 
below) south of Nashville. 


The Virilis section of the genus Orconectes, of which this species is 
@ member, has a rather large range in the central part of the United 
States; however, only one member of this assemblage has been previously 
reported from the Cumberland River drainage. In ‘‘The Crayfishes of 
Kentucky. . .’’ Rhoades (1944:133) recorded Orconectes compressus 
(Faxon 1884:127) from the lower Cumberland drainage in Kentucky, 
but it is not known to occur in tributaries above the mouth of Little 
River in Kentucky. 

Since in my collection there are several new locality records for 
Orconectes compressus, I am including them below with a brief summary 
of the present knowledge of this species. 


Genus Orconectes Cope 1872 
Orconectes compressus (Faxon) 
Cambarus compressus Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. 20:127, 
1884. 

Faxon 1884: 124, 127-128, 146; Faxon 1885a: 85, 86, 102, 105-107, 
it t6re 474178) Pl. Vv, ne 6, PL x hes. 2.2) 25 Bars Roxon 
1885b: 359; Faxon 1914: 419; Fleming 1939: 306; Goodnight 
1940a: 222-223; Goodnight 1940b: 170; Harris 1903: 60, 83, 146, 
151; Hay 1899: 960, 962; Ortmann 1902: 278; Ortmann 1903: 
110, 112, 127; Ortmann 1931: 90, 94, 95. 

Orconectes compressus Hobbs 1942: 352 (by implication); Rhoades 
1944: 113, 133, 134. 


1Miller School of Biology, University of Virginia. 
7—Proo. Brow. Soc. WASH., VoL. 62, 1949. (17) 


| 4 0 1gag 


18 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


In the bibliography above only three papers make any contribution to 
the distribution or ecology of O. compressus. In the original description 
Faxon (1884:128) gives two locality records, but ecological notes are 
wanting. No new information was published until Goodnight (1940) 
gave an account of the rediscovery of O. compressus in Mississippi. 
The third contribution was that of Rhoades (1944) who recorded this 
species from several counties in Kentucky and noted observations he 
had made on its habits. 

Range.—Tributaries of the Tennessee River in Alabama, Mississippi 
and Tennessee; tributaries of the Cumberland River in Tennessee and 
Kentucky; and tributaries of the Barren River in Tennessee and Ken- 
tucky. 

ALABAMA 

Lauderdale County—Tennessee drainage. 

1. *Second Creek, Waterloo (Type Locality) —Faxon 1884:128. 

2. “Cyprus (sic.) Creek—Faxon 1884:128. 

3. Second Creek, Waterloo (1¢1,192)—L. Stewart, collector, Decem- 
ber 7, 1938. 

4. Cypress Creek, 3 miles north of Florence (46 dII, 129 9)—L. 
J. Marchand, collector, June 8, 1941. 

Limestone County—Tennessee drainage. 

5. Six miles east of Athens, U. S. Hy. 72 (1¢1I)—L. J. Marchand, 
collector, June 8, 1941. 


KENTUCKY (Rhoades 1944:133) No localities were cited. 
6. Barren County—Barren River to Ohio River. 
7. Simpson County—Barren River to Ohio River. 
8. Allen County—Barren River to Ohio River. 
9. Warren County—Barren River to Ohio River. 
10. Trigg County—Little River to Cumberland River. 


MISSISSIPPI 
Tishomingo County—Tennessee drainage. 
11. ‘*. . . small stream between Iuka, Mississippi and the Alabama 
border near U. S. Route 72’’ (106 gil, 129 2)—C. J. Good- 
night (1940:222), collector, August 22, 1939. 


TENNESSEE 
Clay County—Barren River to Ohio River. 
12. Big Trace Creek, Hermitage Springs (8¢ éII, 12)—C. S. Shoup, 
Mike Wright, and H. H. Hobbs, collectors, April 29, 1945, 
Maury County—Duck River to Tennessee River. 
13. Creek near Mt. Pleasant (26 ¢II, 19)—Fred Campbell, collec- 
tor, Summer 1945. 

Ecology.—The first ecological notes published on O. compressus were 
those of Goodright. In describing the Mississippi locality cited above 
he stated ‘‘The crayfishes were found in a small rocky stream with a 
bed of pebbles and sand. The water was clear and cold, apparently 
spring fed. This observation would tend to indicate that this species is 
an inhabitant of the clear cold streams of the hills of the area. When 
disturbed the crayfishes hid by crouching on the bottom of the creek. 
Their brown color made them very difficult to detect against the stream 


*From the two localities C. L. Herrick collected 180 0I,2¢0II, and 1999, in 
October. 1882. 


Hobbs—A New Crayfish of the Genus Orconectes 19 


bottom. . . This species is extremely fast and agile in its movements.’’ 
Goodnight (1940:222). 

According to Rhoades, Orconectes compressus ‘‘is a common species 
of the lower Tennessee and tributaries’’ (1944:133); however, he cites 
no records except those of Faxon and Goodnight. Further, he states 
that this ‘‘species has crossed the drainage divide between the Cumber- 
land and Barren rivers. The species is common to abundant through- 
out the Barren River drainage’’ (ibid.). Since this species has not been 
found in the upper Cumberland I judge that Rhoades is postulating the 
crossing of the divide in Kentucky. With reference to the habits of 
compressus in Kentucky he points out that specimens are ‘‘easily mis- 
taken for immatures of associated species in seined collections and their 
color blends so perfectly with the gravelly stream beds that they are 
difficult to detect for hand collecting. These characters combined with 
their habit of remaining motionless on the bottom when disturbed may 
account to some extent for the obscurity of the species’’ (ibid). 

Cypress Creek is a rock and gravel bottomed, clear, swift stream some 
20-60 feet wide with occasional deep holes having muddy bottoms. In 
writing to me about O. compressus in this locality Mr. Marchand stated 
that they ‘‘live in holes in the gravel along edges of quiet shallow 
pools.’’ About the locality near Athens, he described the creek as a 
*“small, rocky-bottomed creek with a good flow of clear water.’’ 

Big Trace Creek at Hermitage Springs where I collected was a very 
swift, clear, rock and gravel bottomed stream and some three feet deep 
in the deepest place. The water was so swift at the time I collected 
there that when I waded in over two feet it was difficult to stand. Here 
the cravfish had apparently scooped out shallow burrows under the larg- 
er pebbles and stone, and when these stones were turned the crayfish in 
most instances remained perfectly still until further molested, where- 
upon they swam away with amazing rapidity. Whereas most of the 
specimens which escaped my net took advantage of the strong current 
and went down-stream, a number of them demonstrated their swimming 
ability by making fairly good headway for short distances upstream. 

Thus it seems probable that this species is associated with clear, 
rock or gravel bottomed streams, and the widely scattered localities 
suggested a rather widespread distribution in Tennessee. 

The morphological differences which exist between the specimens 
which I have examined are negligible. 


Orconectes rhoadesi,? sp. nov. 


Cambarus validus Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll., 40 (8): 
383, 1914, (in part). Ortmann, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 20 (2):94, 
1931, (in part). 

Diagnosis.—Rostrum with margins interrupted, small lateral spines or 
tubercles may or may not be present; margins not conspicuously 
thickened, either subparallel or slightly convergent; median carina 
absent. Chela punctate except for two irregular rows of ciliated 
squamous tubercles along inner margin of palm; opposable margin of 
immovable finger bearded at base. Areola approximately 8 or 9 times 


3J take pleasure in naming this new species in honor of my friend and colleague, 
Dr. Rendell Rhoades, of the Ohio Division of Conservation and Natural Re- 
gon rees. 


20 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


longer than broad with two or three punctations in narrowest part— 
length 32-34 percent of entire length of carapace. In male, hooks on 
ischiopodite of third pereiopod only. Terminal elements of first. pleopod 
of first form male extending to base of second pereiopod, and separated 
for some distance proximad of tips; terminals, subequal in length and 
subparallel, extend almost straight to base of distal third where they 
bend abruptly caudad so that the distal cephalic surfaces of both are 
almost at right angles to the main shaft of the appendage. Annulus 
ventralis immovable (see fig. 9 for surface contour). 

Holotypic Male, Form I.—Body subovate, somewhat depressed. Ab- 
domen narrower than thorax (14.9-16.6 mm.). Width of carapace 
greater than depth in region of caudodorsal margin of cervical groove 
(16.6-13.4 mm.). 

Areola of moderate width (8.3 times longer than broad), with two or 
three punctations in narrowest part; cephalic section of carapace about 
2.1 times as long as areola (length of areola about 32 percent of entire 
length of carapace). 

Rostrum with margins not thickened, slightly divergent at base, but 
for the most part subparallel. Upper surface concave and with promi- 
nent, somewhat crowded punctations. Base of acumen set off by minute 
corneous tubercles. Acumen short; tip broken in holotype but ending 
in a long spine in other specimens; this spine reaching distal end of 
peduncle of antennule. Subrostral ridge moderately developed and evi- 
dent in dorsal aspect for more than half the length of the rostrum. 
Weak rostral ridge flanked mesially by a row of setiferous punctations, 

Postorbital ridge prominent, grooved laterad, and terminates cephalad 
in a small corneous tubercle. Suborbital angle weak and rounded. 
Branchiostegal spine small but acute. Small lateral spine present on 
each side of carapace. Surface of carapace granulate laterally and 
bearing conspicuous punctations dorsally; the usual polished area in 
the gastric region bearing conspicuous punctations also. 

Cephalic section of telson with a single spine in each caudolatera} 
corner. 

Epistome with lateral portions raised (ventrally) and a small cephalo- 
median projection (see fig. 8). 

Antennule of the usual form with a small spine present on ventro- 
mesial surface of basal segment. 

Antennae broken in holotype but extending caudad to last abdominal 
segment in other specimens. Antennal scale irregular in holotype but 
with a broad lamellar portion, broadest in middle; spine on outer 
cephalic margin moderately strong (see fig. 6). 

Right chela somewhat depressed and elongated; palm somewhat in- 
flated, marked above and below by prominent setiferous punctations. 
Inner margin of palm with two irregular rows of squamous tubercles— 
approximately seven in each row with a few additional ones at base. 
Fingers distinctly gaping. Upper surfaces of both fingers with a sub- 
median ridge devoid of punctations and a somewhat narrower one lying 
toward the opposable margin. Opposable margin of immovable finger 
with a single row of 12 low rounded corneous tubercles and a con- 
spicuous tuft of plumose setae on proximal two-thirds of lower opposable 
surface. Opposable margin of dactyl with a row of 14 tubercles similar 
to those on immovable finger. A single row of minute denticles occurs 


Hobbs—A New Crayfish of the Genus Orconectes 21 


ou the distal third of the opposable margins of both fingers. Lateral] 
margin of immovable finger strongly convex and not keeled along basal 
pertion. Mesial margin of dactyl with a few small squamous tubercles 
on basal third. Lower surfaces of both fingers with a poorly defined 
submedian ridge. 

Carpus of first right pereiopod longer than broad with a deep longi- 
tudinal furrow above. Mesial surface with two tubercles—the distal 
one large and acute, the proximal one small and obtuse. Lower cephalic 
margin with a broad, low tubercle near middle, and a somewhat larger 
one on lateral angle. Upper surface strongly punctate, scattered puncta- 
tions on other surfaces. 

Upper surface of merus with two small acute tubercles near distal] 
end; lower surface with a mesial row of nine very small tubercles and 
two laterad of this row, the more distal one of the latter two larger 
than all the others. Lower distal margin with a broad low tubercle on 
mesial and lateral angles. Scattered punctations on all surfaces. 

Hooks on ischiopodites of third pereipods only; hooks only moderately 
strong; proximal margin concave and bearing setae. 

Coxopodites of fourth and fifth pereiopods not conspicuously orna- 
mented. 

First pleopod reaching coxopodite of second pereiopod when abdomen 
is flexed. Tip terminating in two distinct parts which are separated for 
more than half ‘their lengths. Both terminals comparatively slender, and 
subparallel; their proximal two-thirds relatively straight, and at base of 
distal third of each, rather suddenly recurved caudad. Mesial process 
grooved distally on cephalolateral side. Central projection very slender 
distally and tapering to a point; tip extends almost as far caudad as 
does mesial process. Both terminals partially corneous. 

Morphotypic Male, Form II.—Differs chiefly from the holotype in 
that most of the tubercles mentioned in the above description are spini- 
form. Cephalic section of telson with two spines in each caudolateral] 
eorner. Hooks on ischiopodites of third pereiopods reduced and knob- 
like. First pleopod with two terminals in apposition almost to tip; 
neither terminal slender nor corneous, and distal portions of both 
directed caudodistad at about a 60 degree angle to the main shaft of the 
appendage. See measurements for other differences. 

Allotypic Female——Except for body proportions (see measurements) 
ard secondary sexual characters, the allotype agrees with the description 
of the holotype very well. Annulus ventralis subovate with the greatest 
length in the transverse axis; narrow deep anteromedian groove extends 
from midcephalic margin caudosinistrad to midlength where it joins 
@ prominent central depression; in the cephalodextral portion of the 
latter is the fossa or ‘‘orifice’’; suture originates at the dextral margin 
of the central depression, and extends sinistrocaudad almost to the 
median line where it turns caudad and terminates before reaching the 
midcaudal margin of the annulus. (See fig. 9). 

Type Locality.—Otter Creek between Granny White Pike and Hills- 
boro Pike, about seven miles south of Nashville, Davidson County, Ten- 
nessee. Dr. C. S. Shoup has kindly supplied me with the following in- 
formation concerning the type locality. This stream drains Radnor 
Lake, about six miles southwest of Nashville, and is typical of lake 
drainages in this section of the Central Basin. Ordovician limestone 


22 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


underlies the soils of this area, and the stream flows through alternating 
thin woods, pastures, and along a macadam road. ‘‘The rather high 
free carbon dioxide found along most of this stream is indicative of 
lower (bottom) lake seepage and drainage. ... Food grade for bottom 
organisms good. Minnows abundant.’’ The following data were ob- 
tained from two localities in the region from which the crayfish were 
taken. Station I—-200 yards below Radnor Lake; and Station II— 
about two miles below Station I. Data taken on September 8, 1948, 
1:00 P.M., overcast. 


Station I Station II 


Agr "Temperature *220 5 aa ee, Piaf ots bags 82°R 82°F 
Water “Temperatures. 0) vee eee ee CTO 70°R 

ofl ace ON Mk aE Means does Va iy nl a ti 7.4 7.4 

pH2, following aeration to remove CO2...... eS 8.1 8.1 

|S ost Cs © a ata Ins iM cee ache Su ay the a 9.5 p.p.m. 4.5 p.p.m. 
Total Alkalinity (bicarbonate) _....._ 150.0 p.p.m. 150.0 p.p.m. 
Rave vol Mow 2s eG Fe eee ee te not more than % ft./sec. 
General cover grade about... L2S2R 


Measurements in Millimeters 


Carapace Holotype Morvhotype Allotype 
NS Ueto 5) nega Weceds Sear aU MOL ST athe PRUNES THEIR, ct 13.4 sey 11.0 
Witla sea tio le i tle ce ade 16.6 13.5 13.5 
Ne Negi) | eee Renta CRSA MOMSEN NE 0 Se 31.3 2h. 27.0 

Areola 
BYE 6 Gs Viger eter NOP RR LA Rwy SOF Nes dem WALTON Pl gee 1.2 1.0 1.0 
B OF 2) 0 57 0 Oat pacer ea aR Na MeN RS Peer SPUN 9 EAL ORY Py 10.0 Saw i 8.6 

Rostrum 
TCs lipla Fxg kiss Weel uM oIMan SRO mNemR Sy Wt oA mr ese re 1 5.2, 4.2 4.5 
dee) EP a ON Je et ene er 8.3 7.9 7.5 

Abdomen—Length  _-_._---..-.-- po ID Ly. 34.5 31.4 31.0 

Right Chela 
Length of inner margin of palm... 8.9 4.9 4.7 
WGEGENS wot 4, Joon iio eee a eee 13.0 6.6 6.4 
Length of outer margin of hand... 33.8 18.4 16.3 
Tene $hiccOk : Cait yl tick eee 20 12.3 10.5 


Disposition of Types——The male holotype and male morphotype (No. 
87953) and the allotypic female (No. 87954) are denosited in the United 
States National Museum. Of the paratypes, one first form male and a 
female are deposited in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, 
and two first form males, one second form male, and two females are in 
my personal collection at the University of Virginia. 

Specimens Examined. —TENNESSEE: Davidson County—Harpeth 
River to Cumberland—(1) the type locality (1¢I, 1¢1I, 12) May 24, 
1945, Mike Wright, coll.; (2) tributary to Harpeth River near Bellevue 
(24 &I, 19) November 11, 1944, C.S. Shoup, coll.; (3) tributary to 
Harneth River on Old Hickory Boulevard near Hillsboro Pike (141, 
14II, 229) November 11, 1944, C.S. Shoup, coll.; (4) Otter Creek 
(19) June 1, 1945, Mike Wright, coll.; (5) Otter Creek below Radnor 
Lake (12) June 9, 1945, Mike Wright, coll.; (6) Otter Creek at Hills- 
boro Pike (29 2) May 19. 1945, Mike Wright, coll. Mill Creek to Cum- 


: 2 ete 7 


Hobbs—A New Crayfish of the Genus Orconectes 23 


berland—(7) Mill Creek near Antioch (19) November 11, 1944, C. S. 
Shoup, coll.; (8) Mill Creek at Antioch Pike (1¢ immature) July 19, 
1945, Mike Wright, coll. Williamson County—Little Harpeth River to 
Cumberland—(9) Pond along St. Hiy i06 near Little Harpeth River just 
south of Davidson County line (26 ¢ imm., 22 9 imm.) May 24, 1945, 
Mike Wright, coll. 


Variations——Among the specimens listed above I can detect no varia- 
tions of significance other than the usual differences associated with age. 


Relationships.—Orconectes rhoadesi seems to have its closest affinities 
with Orconectes validus (Faxon 1914: 382). In fact the two species 
were confused by Faxon (ibid.: 383); however, they may be easily sepa- 
rated on the structure of the first pleopod of the male—in validus the 
cephalic surface is gently recurved through the distal half, while in 
rhoadesi it is almost straight to base of distal third where it is suddenly 
recurved caudad; further in validus the central projection does not ex- 
tend nearly so far caudad as does the mesial process, but in rhoadesi 
it extends as far, or almost as far, caudad as does the mesial process. 
G. validus has been reported from the Tennessee River drainage from 
Huntsville, Madison County, Alabama. 


I wish to express my appreciation to the following who have con- 
tributed most of the specimens on which this report is based: Dr. C. 8S. 
Shoup, Dr. Mike Wright, Mr. L. J. Marchand, Mr. Fred Campbell, and 
Mr. L. Stewart. © 


Literature Cited 


Cope, E. D., 1872. On the Wyandotte Cave and its fauna. Amer. Nat. 
6: 406-422, figs. 109-116. 

Faxon, Walter, 1884. Descriptions of new species of CCambarus; to which 
is added a synonymical list of the known species of Cambarus and 
Astacus. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sct. 20: 107-158. 

——1885a. A revision of the Astacidae. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Har- 
vard Coll. 10 (4): 1-179, 10 pls. 

——1885b. A list of the Astacidae in the United States National Mu- 
seum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 8 (23): 356-361. 

——-1914. Notes on the crayfishes in the United States National Mu- 
seum and the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy with descriptions of 
new species and subspecies to which is appended a catalogue of the 
known species and subspecies. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard 
Coll. 40 (8): 351-427, pls. 1-13. 

Fleming, R. S., 1938-38. The larger Crustacea of the Nashville region. 
Journ. Tennessee Acad. Sci. 13 (4): 296-324; 14 (2): 261-264; 14 
(3): 299-324, 22 pls., 3 tables. 

Goodnight, C. L., 1940a. Rediscovery of Cambarus compressus Faxon in 
Mississippi. Amer. Midl. Nat. 23 (1): 222-223. 

——1940b. New records of Branchiobdellids (Oligochaeta) and their 
crayfish hosts. Rept. Reelfoot Lake Biol. Sta, 4: 170-171. 

Harris, J. A., 1903. An ecological catalogue of the crayfishes belong- 
ing to the genus Cambarus. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull. 2 (3): 51-187, 
5 pls. 

Hay, W. P., 1899. Synopses of North-American Invertebrates. VI. The 
Astacidae of North America. Amer. Nat. 33 (396): 957-966. 


24 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Hobbs, H. H., Jr., 1942. A generic revision of the erayfishes of the 
subfamily Cambarinae (Decapoda, Astacidae) with the description 
of a new genus and species. Amer. Midl. Nat. 28 (2): 334-357, 
3 pls. 1 table. 

Ortmann, A. E., 1902. The geological distribution of fresh-water deca- 
pods and its bearing upon ancient geography. Proc. Amer. Philos. 
Soc. 41 (171) : 267-400. 

———1905. The mutual affinities of the species of the genus Cambarus, 
and their dispersal over the United States. Proc. Amer. Philos. 
Soc. 44 (180): 91-136, 1 map. 

——1931. Crawfishes of the southern Appalachians and the Cumberland 
Plateau. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 20 (2): 61-160. 

Rhoades, Rendell, 1944. The crayfishes of Kentucky, with notes on vari- 
ation, distribution and descriptions of new species and subspecies. 
Amer, Midl. Nat. 31 (1): 111-149, 10 figs., 10 maps. 


Orconectes rhoadesi, sp. nov. 
Explanation of Plate 


Pubescence removed from all structures except figure T. 


Fig. 1 Mesial view of first pleopod of first form male. 
Fig. 2. Mesial view of first pleopod of second form male. 
Fig. 3. Dorsal view of carapace. 

Fig. 4. Lateral view of first pleopod of second form male. 
Tig. 5. Lateral view of first pleopod of first form male. 
Fig. 6. Antennal scale. 

Fig. 7. Upper surface of chela of male, form I. 

Fig. 8. Epistome. 


Fig. 9. Annulus ventralis. 
Fig. 10. Lateral view of carapace. 


PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. 62 


PLATE III 


[25] 


f 


. 
vps 
; i 
be 
; 


ah 


Ad MAD 7 YY 2A eA ey 
{ An 2 6 (wT? -_ : 


; 


— i OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW HOUSE FINCH FROM THE PALOUSE 
COUNTRY OF THE NORTHWESTERN UNITED 
STATES 


By JoHN W. ALDRICH 


During the course of studying the geographic variation of 
the birds of Washington State, I have noted a marked racial 
difference in the house finches resident in the eastern part of 
that state from adjoining populations on the coast and in the 
Great Basin. This differentiation seems to be general and con- 
stant in the population of house finches occupying the Palouse 
prairie region of the Columbia plateau, north of the Blue 
Mountains of Oregon, and between the Cascade Mountains on 
the west and the Rocky Mountains on the east. So different 
are these birds in all sex and age plumages and so circum- 
scribed is their range, that it appears to me they should 
be considered as a distinct subspecies that may be charac- 
terized as follows: 


Carpodacus mexicanus sordidus, new subspecies 
Palouse House Finch. 


Type.—No. 395960, U. S. National Museum (Fish and Wildlife Serv- 
ice Collection); adult male, Pullman, Washington, July 12, 1948; T. 
D. Burleigh, original number 11199. 

Subspecific characters.—Similar to Carpodacus mexicanus grinnelli of 
western Oregon and California, but slightly darker and much more 
grayish, less brownish, above and below; also less of the reddish wash 
or back and neck, and red of head, rump, throat, and breast more re- 
stricted and deeper less orange in tone, being near spectrum red or ear- 
mine rather than scarlet red. It differs from C. m. solitudinis of the 
Great Basin region in Nevada to an even greater degree by reason of 
being much darker as well as more grayish and the reds purer and 
deeper, less scarlet. The combination of characters gives a relatively 
dusky appearance when compared with other races. 

The females differ in the same way as the males from grinnelli and 
solitudinis with respect to the brown markings which are more grayish, 
less brownish, and particularly as regards the ventral streaks which are 
heavier and darker than in either of the other two races. There is no 
significant size difference from either of the above-mentioned neighbor- 
ing forms. 

Measurements.—Adult male (14 adult, spring and summer specimens) ; 
wing, 77-80 (78.2); tail, 57.5-62 (60.0); exposed culmen 9.5-11 (10.3); 


8—-Proc. Brou, Soo. WASH., You. 62, 1949. (29) 


Lok | ¢ 9gge 


30 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


tarsus, 15-18 (16.8); middle toe, without claw, 14-15.5 (14.6). Adult 
female (6 adult, spring and summer specimens) : wing, 72.5-75.5 (74.4); 
tail 55.5-60 (57.3); exposed culmen 9-10.5 (9.8); tarsus 15-18 (16.8); 
middle toe without claw, 12.5-15.5 (14.1). 

Distribution.—Permanent resident in eastern Washington (east of the 
Cascade Mountains) and northwestern Idaho; probably also adjoining 
portions of intermontane British Columbia where the species occurs. 
Specimens of Carpodacus mexicanus sordidus have been identified as 
follows: 

Washington—Eureka, Walla Waila Co., Nov. 3, 1941, ¢ ; Pullman, Apr. 
30, 1942, 6, Dec. 12, 1947, ¢, July 12, 1948, ¢ (Type); College Place, 
Feb. 18, 1937, ¢, Apr. 8, 1937, ¢, Oct. 17, 1937; Kiona, Oct. 18, 1916, 
2, Dec. 9, 1919, 6, Dec. 11, 1919, 9, Dec. 11, 1919, 3, (Juv.); Wallula, 
Mar. 27, 1937, 6, Apr. 2, 1939, 6; Wenatchee, Apr. 29, 1934, 9, July 9, 
1933, 6, Aug. 29, 1934, ¢, Apr. 12, 1934, 9; White Bluffs, Nov. 1, 
1941, 9; Yakima, July 6, 1936, 6; Clarkston May 11, 1948, ¢; Gib- 
bon, May 18, 1934, 9; Wenas Valley, Yakima County, Cleman Ranch, 
Sept. 22, 1917, ¢ (Juv.); Zillah, Mar. 8, 1919, 6; Wawawai, June 12, 
1937, 6 (Imm.), June 12, 1937, —(Imm.), June 12, 1937, 9 ? (Imm.), 
Mar. 9, 1941, 9; Roosevelt, Oct. 29, 1941, 9, Dec. 18, 1942, 9, Dee. 
18, 1942, 6; Harrah, Oct. 25, 1945, 2 (Juv.), Oct. 25, 1945, ¢ (Juv.), 
Cet. 25, 1945, ¢. 

Idaho—Troy, June 25, 1948, 9 ; Lewiston, Dec. 18, 1947, ¢; Moscow, 
Jan. 30, 1948, 9, May 8, 1948, 9, Dec. 2, 1947, 2 9, Dec. 16, 1947, ¢, 
July 7, 1948, 6, Jan. 11, 1948, ¢, Jan. 21, 1948, ¢, June 15, 1948, 
dé, June 17, 1948, 2 6, Aug. 6, 1948, 9, July 14, 1948, $, July 22, 
1948, 6, 2 (Imm.), July 27, 1948, ¢, July 15, 1948, 9 (Imm.), ¢ 
(Imm.). 

For the loan of pertinent comparative material, acknowledgment is 
made to Charles R. Conner Museum, State College of Washington; Walla 
Walla College; State Museum, University of Washington; Mr. John 
B. Hurley, Yakima, Washington; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Uni- 
versity of California. For a good series of breeding specimens of this 
new subspecies from the vicinity of Moscow, Idaho, and Pullman, Wash- 
ington, I am indebted to the diligent collecting of Thomas D. Burleigh 
of the Fish and Wildlife Service, who is now stationed in that area for 
the purpose of making an intensive study of the birds of Idaho. 


AM OY Deer iS]) ji; 


fr , 
!,* » a ore i’ 
Vi es MAR 4 4040 “— L 
{t Dv ade 6 pw i } 


A , 
VoL 62, pp. 31-32" “as, 4 Fire»: : vA March 17, 1949 
Sas BEL S eg 


ae a OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


TWO NEW COYOTES FROM THE UNITED STATES 


By HartrLtey H. T. JAcKSON 


Recent taxonomic research on the American species Canis 
latrans has shown the necessity of naming two new subspecies 
in order to clarify relationships within the group. These two 
new forms may be recognized by the following descriptions. 


Canis latrans thamnos, subsp. nov. 
Northeastern Coyote or Brush Wolf 


Type specimen.—No. 233,034, U. S. National Museum, Biological Sur- 
yeys collection; ¢ young adult, skin and skull; collected September 4, 
1919, by Harry H. Sheldon. Original number 1073. 

Type locality— Basswood Island, Apostle Islands, Ashland County, 
Wisconsin. 

Diagnostic characters.—A large, heavy-set, rather dark coyote, with 
broad skull, relatively short rostrum, and heavy dentition. About the 
size of Canis latrans latrans, or larger, but darker in color with more 
blackish intermixed on the face, back, and tail, and muzzle and back of 
ears deeper shade, more fulvous; skull relatively broader; rostrum 
relatively more dished. Darker and larger than Canis l. incolatus, skull 
relatively broader, dentition heavier. 

Measurements.—Type-specimens: No external measurements from ani- 
mal in flesh available. Hind foot (measured from dry skin), 180. Skull 
of type specimen: Condylobasal length, 192.8; palatal length, 99.6; 
squamosal constriction, 62.0; zygomatic breadth, 108.4; interorbital 
breadth, 35.6; maxillary tooth row, 87.3; upper carnassial length, 21.2; 
first upper molar length, 13.5; first upper molar breadth, 18.6; lower 
earnassial length, 23.6. 

Geographic range.—East-central Saskatchewan, extreme eastern North 
Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, northern Missouri, easterly through Wisconsin, 
northern and central Illinois, northern Indiana, to eastern and southern 
Ontario, 


Canis latrans umpquensis, subsp. nov. 
Northwestern Coast Coyote 


Type specimen.—No. 216,537, U. S. National Museum, Biological Sur- 
veys collection; 2 young adult, skin and skull; collected March 11, 1916, 
by W. T. Tison. Original number 16; Biological Surveys miscellaneous 
number 15,880X. 

Type locality.—Five miles southeast of Drew, Douglas County, Oregon. 

Diagnostic characters—A small, rufous-tinged, dark-colored coyote, 
with distinct black markings on the forelegs and deep fulvous or rufous 
on both hind and forelegs, usually with cast of rufous on rump; ears 


9—PrOoO. Brow. Soc. WAsH., VOL. 62, 1949. (31) 


32 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


relatively large; skull comparatively small, dentition weak. Smaller 
than Canis l. lestes, darker and deeper rufous color on legs; skull smaller, 
dentition weaker. Smaller and darker than C. l. ochropus, deeper rufous 
on the legs; ears smaller; skull averaging smaller than in ochropus. 

Measurements.—No external measurements of type specimen are avail- 
able. Adult male from Forks, Clallam County, Washington (No. 274,904, 
U. S. N. M., B.S. coll.): Total length, 1,247; tail vertebrae, 358; hind 
foot, 207; ear from notch, 122; weight 27% pounds. Skull of type speci- 
men: Condylobasal length, 17.1; palatal length, 86.4; squamosal con- 
striction, 57.5; zygomatic breadth, 94.0; interorbital breadth, 29.5; 
maxillary tooth row, 78.5; upper carnassial length, 17.3; first upper 
molar length, 11.9; first upper-molar breadth, 16.1; lower carnassial 
length, 20.0. 

Geographic range—West of the Cascade Mountains, in Oregon and 
Washington. 
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D. C. 


NIAN INSTT > 


B.vu\>  —@ 
MATA Ws 


Vol. 62, pp. 33-44 April 27, 1949 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


EIGHT NEW BIRDS FROM THE SUBTROPICAL ZONE 
OF THE PARIA PENINSULA, VENEZUELA 


By WILLIAM H. PHELPS AND WILLIAM H. PHELPS, JR. 


Inasmuch as there are no records of collections from the 
Subtropical Zone of the Paria Peninsula, the extreme north- 
eastern tip of the South American continent, we sent there 
our head collector, Ramon Urbano, on three separate expedi- 
tions, at different months of the year as a check against pos- 
sible seasonal plumage variations, to collect on the two highest 
mountains, Cerro Azul and Cerro Humo. The former is 
situated directly back of Cristébal Coldn, near the tip, and the 
latter northwest of Irapa, in the center of the peninsula. 
790 birdskins were obtained: Cerro Azul, 434 specimens, 
August 30-September 27, 1947 and May 24-June 4, 1948; 
Cerro Humo, 356 specimens, November 24-December 10, 1947 
10, 1947 and May 2-19, 1948. 


Although native hunters collected humming birds there, in the Sub- 
tropical Zone, for the millinery trade about 1873, only four collections,’ * 
previous to ours, have been recorded from the Paria Penninsula: Dalmas 
in 1895, Bond in 1911, Miller in 1913 and Fry in 1937 but none of 
these four ascended the mountains to the Subtropical Zone, although 
Miller collected at 500 meters on the ‘‘mountains above Cristébal 
Colén,’’ which was probably the southern slope of Cerro Azul, and 
Chapman described Columba subvinacea peninsularis and Oreopeleia 
linearis pariae from that locality. 

The senior author wishes to thank Dr. Herbert Friedmann of the 
United States National Museum, Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd of the Carnegie 
Museum, Mr. Emmet R. Blake of the Chicago Natural History Museum, 
Mr. Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia and Dr. John T. Zimmer of the American Museum for 
their aid in the examination of specimens in their institutions. 

The range of each of the apparently new birds described in this paper 
probably comprises, and is limited to, the Subtropical Zone of the Paria 
Peninsula, 

The specimens listed as examined are in the Phelps Collection, 
Caracas, unless otherwise specified. 

Names of colors are capitalized when direct comparison has been 
made with Ridgway’s ‘‘Color Standards and Color Nomenclature.’’ 


1W. H. Phelps and W. H. Phelps, Jr.: The Discovery of the Habitat of Gould’s 
Hummingbird, Hylonympha macrocerca. The Auk, 65, January, p. 65, 1948. 

7W. H. Phelps: Resumen de las Colecciones Orintol6égicas hechas en Venezuela. 
Bol. Soc. Ven. Cin. Nat., No. 61, pp. 331, 343, 395 and 397, 1944. 


10—Proo. Brow. Soc. WAsH., Vou. 62, 1949 (33) 


APR 28 1949 


34: Proceedings of the’ Bidlogiéal Society of Washington 


Synallaxis cinnamomea pariae, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Humo, Irapa, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, Venezuela. 
No. 44216, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male collected 
May 4, 1948, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit at the American 
Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Closest to S. c. striatipectus, from the Cerro Turumiquire 
region, from which it differs by a less prominent superciliary stripe, 
duller and less prominent dark streaks on breast and abdomen (olivaceous 
instead of blackish), less striping on abdomen, the black stripes on 
throat being more prominent than the white ones. 

Range: Known only from the Subtropical Zone (900-1200 meters) 
of Cerro Humo and Cerro Azul on the Paria Peninsula. 

Description of Type: Crown Vandyke Brown merging into grayish 
on forehead close to bill; back and uropygium Vandyke Brown; super- 
ciliary stripe Ochraceous-Tawny; lores dusky; ear-coverts Vandyke 
Brown; gular region striped Ochraceous-Tawny and black, more nar- 
rowly than on breast. Chin and anterior throat striped black and white 
merging into the Ochraceous-Tawny and black of the posterior throat 
which in turn merges into the dusky olivaceous and paler stripes of 
breast; abdomen paler, grayish olive, with buffy white stripes except 
posteriorly; sides, flanks, shanks and under tail-coverts near to Dresden 
Brown. Remiges Benzo Brown, outer vanes, except on the two outermost 
primaries, edged, except apically, with Mahogany Red; inner vanes of 
tertials tinted with reddish; inner vanes of primaries and secondaries 
edged with Vinaceous-Fawn, basally on outermost and increasing in 
extent inwardly; upper wing-coverts Mahogany Red; bend of wing, 
under wing-coverts and axillaries Tawny. Tail above Liver Brown, 
below pale brown. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black, base of mandible grayish’’; feet ‘‘ greenish 
gray’’; iris ‘‘chestnut.’’ Wing, 58 mm; tail, 58; exposed culmen, 15; 
culmen from base, 17.5; tarsus, 21. 

Remarks: Sexes alike in coloration but females have shorter wings. 
Size similar to striatipectus. Range of measurements: five adult males— 
wing, 57-59 (58) mm; tail, 58-68 (63); culmen from base, 16-17.5 
(16.5); five adult females—wing, 54-56 (54.6); tail, 61-67 (63.6); 
culmen from base, 16-18 (16.8). Measurements of striatipectus: four 
adult males—wing, 55-56 (55.5); tail, 61-68 (63.2); eulmen from base, 
16-16 (16); five adult females—wing, 53-55 (54.2); tail, 59-68 (65.2); 
culmen from base, 15-17 (16.2). 

The juveniles have the throat black with white spots and the breast is 
more spotted, less streaked. May and June specimens have breeding 
gonads. Specimens were collected: 15 in May, 6 in June, 1 in August, 
4 in September and 4 in November. 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

S. c. cinnamomea.—VENEZUELA: La Sabana, Perija, 2 6, 1 Q. 
COLOMBIA: ‘‘Bogota,’’? 6(?)3 

S. ec. aveledoi.|— VENEZUELA: Lara, 10; Faleén, 7; TAchira, 3. 

S. c. bolivari—VENEZUELA: Yaracuy, 1*; Carabobo, 1‘; Dto. Fed- 
eral, 3‘; Miranda, 17*; Cumbre de Valencia, 1 2 Silla de Caracas, 2 ¢, 
2 9; Galipin’, 2 4,2 9. 

S. c. striatipectus—VENEZUELA: Quebrada Bonita, 3 ¢,3 2,1(?); 


Phelps—Eight New Birds from Venezuela 35 


Cerro El Peonia, 1 9; Cerro Negro, 1 6, 32, 2(?); Quebrada Seca,* 
1 ¢,1 9; La Tigrera,= 1 9; Los Palmales, 1 6, 2 9; Caripe,’ 1(%). 
S. c. pariae—VENEZUELA: Cerro Humo, 5 ¢ (incl. type), 8 9, 
3(%); Cerro Azul, 5 6,5 Q, 4(%). 
S. c. carri—TRINIDAD®: 424, 29. 


Premnoplex tatei pariae, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Humo, Irapa, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, Venezuela, 
No. 41041, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male collected 
November 29, 1947, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit at the Ameri- 
ean Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from P. t. tatei of the Cerro Turumiquire region 
by much more extensive light markings below; almost immaculate buffy 
throat instead of white with squammations; breast with less distinct 
squammations; abdomen with wider whitish streaks; crown darker, 
more dusky. 

Range: Known only from the Suttropical Zone (900-1200 meters) of 
Cerro Humo and Cerro Azul on the Paria Peninsula. 

Description of Type: Top of head brownish olive the feathers edged 
with dusky, giving a faintly scalloped appearance, the feathers of fore- 
head with indistinct pale shaft stripes; a wide dusky nuchal collar, 
the feathers with prominent pale buffy shaft streaks; back Auburn, 
feathers with faint dusky shaft streaks; uropygium Auburn; lores 
dusky; post-ocular superciliary streak, gular region and sides of neck 
streaked with pale buffy and dusky, continuous with nuchal collar; ear- 
coverts dusky mixed with buffy white. Chin and throat buffy white, 
feathers very faintly edged with dusky, merging into the pale Cream- 
Buff breast, the feathers with more accentuated dusky edges giving a 
faint scalloped appearance; abdomen has a streaked appearance, the 
feathers uniform with those of breast but with heavy dusky brownish 
edgings; sides and flanks dusky brown, the feathers with prominent 
whitish buff shaft streaks; shanks and under tail-coverts Prout’s Brown. 
Remiges Fuscous; primaries narrowly edged with grayish brown, second- 
aries and tertials broadly with Auburn; upper wing-coverts Auburn, 
uniform with back, the feathers with dusky shaft streaks; bend of wing, 
under wing-coverts and axillaries buffy white mixed with dusky. Central 
rectrices dusky brown, remaining ones Fuscous with dusky brown outer 
vanes; lower aspect of tail pale brownish. 

Maxilla (in life) ‘‘black’’; mandible ‘‘flesh, black tip’’; feet 
‘‘black’’; iris ‘‘dark.’’ Wing, 60 mm; tail, 56; exposed culmen, 16; 
culmen from base, 20; tarsus, 20. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Size similar to tatei. Range of measurements: 
five adult males—wing, 60-62 (61.4) mm; tail, 56-59 (57.4); culmen 
from base, 20-21 (20.2); five adult females—wing, 58-61 (59.8); tail, 
51-58 (54.6); eulmen from base, 19-21 (20). Measurements of tatei: 
five adult males—wing, 59-61 (60); tail, 57-64 (60.8); culmen from 
base, 19-20 (19.4); five adult females—wing, 59-61 (59.8); tail, 57-60 
(59); culmen from base, 19-20 (19.2). 

May specimens of pariae have breeding gonads as have August speci- 

8Specimens in the American Museum of Natural History. 


4Por localities see Phelps and Phelps, Jr., Bol. Soc. Ven. Cien Nat., No. 65-66, 
p. 152, 1945-1946. 


36 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


mens of tatei. Specimens were collected: 16 in May, 8 in September and 
8 in November. 
The immature plumage is similar to the adult. 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


P. t. tatei—_VENEZUELA: Cerro Turumiquire, 1 ¢ ;* Cerro El Peo- 
nia, Bergantin, 1 ¢; Cerro Negro, Caripe, 11 ¢,7 9, 9(?). 

P. t. pariae—VENEZUELA: Cerro Humo, 11 ¢ (incl. type); Cerro 
Azul, 6 6,3 9, 2(?). 


Grallaricula nana pariae, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Azul, Cristébal Colén, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, 
Venezuela. No. 44025, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult 
male collected May 28, 1948, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit at the 
American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Closest to G. n. cwmanensis of the Mt. Turumiquire region 
but darker above, back more purely alivaceous lacking the yellowish 
brown tinge. Besides other strong characters, olivascens, nana and 
kukenamensis have much smaller bills than pariae. 

Range: Known only from the Subtropical Zone (820-1200 meters) of 
Cerro Azul and Cerro Humo on the Paria Peninsula. 

Description of Type: Forehead, evcept in the center, Orange-Buff K 
Cadmium Yellow; center line of forehead, crown and nape Deep Mouse 
Gray; back, rump and upper tail-coverts Medal Bronze, the long back 
feathers covering the basal half of tail subterminally white and tipped 
with pale buff forming a band; orbital ring anteriorly buffy, posteriorly 
whitish; a dusky preocular lunule. Below Ochraceous-Orange, darkest 
on breast, sides and flanks and paler on chin and throat; a prominent 
white spot on anterior breast; entire abdomen white; shanks and under 
tail-coverts buffy. Remiges Fuscous, outermost edged with pale buff, 
the others with brownish, most extensively on tertials; remiges edged 
with buff internally, the outer ones only basally; greater and median 
upper wing-coverts tipped with dark buffy forming two indistinct bands; 
primary coverts entirely blackish partly covering a buffy speculum; bend 
of wing buffy; axillaries and under wing-coverts Cadmium-Orange. Tail 
darker, browner, than the back. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘maxilla black, mandible flesh’’; feet ‘‘ purplish 
flesh’’; iris ‘‘dark.’’ Wing, 66 mm; tail, 28; exposed culmen, 15; 
culmen from base, 18; tarsus, 25. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Size similar to cumanensis. Range of mea- 
surements: five adult males—wing, 64-70 (66) mm; tail, 28-30 (28.8); 
culmen from base, 18-18 (18); five adult females—wing, 64-66 (65); 
tail, 26-28 (27.2); culmen from base, 18-19 (18.4). Measurements of 
cumanensis: five adult males—wing, 64-69 (66.6); tail, 27-27 (27); 
culmen from base, 17-18 (17.5); three adult females—wing, 62-66 
(64.3); tail, 26-27 (26.3); culment from base, 17-18 (17.7). 

May specimens have breeding gonads. Specimens were collected: 
36 in May, 1 in June, 1 in August, 8 in September and 6 in November. 

The immature plumage is similar to the adult except that the center 
of forehead, crown and nape is dark brown and the white area of the 
abdomen is lacking. 


Phelps—Eight New Birds from Venezuela 37 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


G. n. nana.—VENEZUELA: Boea de Monte, Tachira, 2 ¢,1 2 
Quintero, 1 ¢; Pdaramo El Escorial, 3¢ ;* Paramo de la Culata, 3 ¢é 
Paramo Cendé, Trujillo, 1 ¢,1 Q. 

G. n. olivascens—VENEZUELA: Colinia Tovar, 2 2, 1(%); El Jun- 
quito, 1 9; Cerro El Avila 1 ¢,1 Q. 

G. n. cumanensis.—_VENEZUELA: Cerro El Peonia, Bergantin, 1 ¢; 
Cerro Negro, Caripe, 1 ¢; Los Palmales,> 1 $ (type), 1 9; Rincén de 
San Antonio, 1 9 ;*; Latal,1 Q.° 

G. n. pariae—VENEZUELA: Cerro Azul, 11 ¢ (incl. type), 7 9, 
10(%); Cerro Humo, 14 6, 8 9, 2(?). 

G. n. kukenamensis—VENEZUELA: Arabupt, 1 ¢; Cerro Ptari- 
tepui, 1 ¢, 3 9, 2(%); Cerro Sororopdn-tepui, 4 ¢, 3 9, 1(%); Cerro 
Chimanta-tepui, 1 ¢, 2 @. 


ave 


Grallaria haplonota pariae, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Azul, Crist6ébal Colén, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, 
Venezuela. No. 44048, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult 
male collected May 29, 1948, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit at the 
American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from haplonota, of the Caracas region, by much 
more reddish under tail-coverts and darker under parts, more ochraceous, 
less buffy. 

Range: Known only from the Subtropical Zone (900-1200 meters) 
ef Cerro Azul and Cerro Humo on the Paria Peninsula. 

Description of Type: Above Dresden Brown, paler on rump, feathers 
faintly edged with dusky on back and more strongly on head; upper 
tail-ecoverts reddish chestnut; lores grayish; ear-coverts dusky olivaceous. 
Chin and center of throat whitish; sides of throat dusky olivaceous; 
narrow gular stripe whitish buff; breast, sides, flanks and shanks 
ochraceous, heavily shaded with dusky; abdomen paler; under tail- 
eoverts Xanthine Orange. Wings Benzo Brown, all exposed surfaces 
uniform with back; outer vane of outermost primary buffy; under 
wing-coverts Xanthine Orange; axillaries ochraceous. Tail brown, paler 
or under surface. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black’’; base of mandible ‘‘grayish purple’’; feet 
‘*purple’’; iris ‘‘dark.’’?’ Wing, 98 mm; tail, 40; exposed eulmen, 22; 
eulmen from base, 28; tarsus, 45. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Size similar to haplonota. Range of measure- 
ments: five adult males—wing, 98-101 (99.4) mm; tail, 40-43 (41.8); 
eulmen from base, 28-30 (29.2); five adult females—wing, 98-103 
(101.2); tail, 39-43 (41.4); eulmen from base, 28-30 (28.8). Measure- 
ments of haplonota: five adult males—wing, 99-107 (102.2); tail, 39-42 
~ (40.8); eulmen from base, 28-30 (29.2). 

The females have laying ovaries. Specimens were collected: 12 in 
May, 1 in June and 1 in September. 

The species has not been encountered in the Mt. Turumiquire region, 
so the nearest known subspecies is haplonota from the Caracus region. 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


G. h. haplonota—VENEZUELA: Mt. Buearito, 3(%)3; Cumbre de 
Valencia, 4 6,1 63; 5 9,1 93,1(%); Paso Hondo, 1 93; Hda. Santa 


38 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Clara, 1 ¢,1 2; Colonia Tovar, 4 6,3 2; Curupao, 1 @; Cerro Golfe 
Triste, 2 ¢. 

G. h. pariae—VENEZUELA: Cerro Azul, 7 é (incl. type), 3 Q; 
Cerro Humo, 1 6,3 Q. 


Pipreola formosa pariae, new subspecies 


Type: Frim Cerro Azul, Cristébal Colon, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, 
Venezuela. No. 40532, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult 
male collected September 18, 1947, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit 
at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Similar to P. f. rubidior of the Mt. Turumiquire region 
but the red throat patch is more prominent and more extensive. 

Range: Known only from the Subtropical Zone (900-1200 meters) of 
Cerro Azul and Cerro Humo on the Paria Peninsula. 

Description of Type: Forehead and lores black; rest of head, includ- 
ing throat, lustrous dusky blue; nape, back and uropygium Mineral 
Green. Chin and throat lustrous dusky blue; large prominent Carmine 
patch on anterior breast; rest of breast orange tinged with Carmine; 
abdomen Lemon Yellow; under tail-coverts and axillaries Pale Lemon 
Yellow, sides and flanks more greenish; shanks dusky. Remiges Fuscous- 
Black edged externally with green except the outermost, more exten- 
sively on tertials; inner vanes narrowly edged with yellowish white, more 
extensively inwardly; remiges, except four outermost, tipped with white, 
much more broadly on tertials; exposed parts of upper wing-coverts green 
uniform with black; alula dusky; blend of wing yellowish and dusky; 
under wing-coverts whitish. Middle rectrices green uniform with back, 
others dusky; outer vanes green uniform with back; under aspects of 
tail paler dusky with a faint greenish sheen. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘reddish orange’’; feet ‘‘grayish green’’; iris ‘‘yel- 
lowish orange.’’ Wing, 90 mm; tail, 65; exposed culmen, 11; culmen 
from base, 15; tarsus, 20.5. 

Remarks: Sexes different in color. Size similar to rubidior. Range of 
measurements: five adult males—wing, 89-90 (89.4) mm; tail, 62-65 
(63.4); culman from base, 14-15 (14.6); five adult females—wing, 
81-87 (84.4); tail, 57-65 (60.6); culmen from base, 14-15 (14.6). 
Measurements of rubidior from the Mt. Turumiquire region: five adult 
males—wing, 86-89 (87.8); tail, 58-65 (61.6); culmen from base, 15-15 
(15); four adult females—wing, 84-87 (85.5); tail, 59-63 (60.7); cul- 
men from base, 14-15 (14.7). 

Description of female (no. 40548). Top of head, back, and uropygium 
Mineral Green; ear-coverts and malar region more olivaceous; lores 
dusky. Center of chin grayish with faint dusky barring; rest of under 
parts Greenish-Yellow, darkest on breast and barred with Parrot Green, 
most densely on breast; shanks greenish. Wings Fuscous-Black, exposed 
surfaces green uniform with back; inner vanes of remiges narrowly 
edged with yellowish white, more extensively inwardly; remiges tipped 
with whitish, except five outermost, more extensively on tertials. Tail 
dusky, exposed upper surface green uniform with back. Bill, feet and 
iris as in the male. 

May, June and September females have laying ovaries. Specimens 
were collected: 22 in May, 6 in June, 22 in September and 4 in No- 
vember. 


Phelps—Eight New Birds from Venezuela 39 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


P. f. formosa. —VENEZUELA: ‘‘Venezuela’’, 1 ¢3; San Jean, 
Puerto Cabello, 1 9 ; Cumbre de Valencia®, 3 ¢, 1 2; Colonia Chirgua, 
2 6,2 2; Hda. Santa Clara, Carabobo, 1 ¢, 1 2 San José de los 
Caracas, 1 6; Cerro Golfo Triste, 6 6, 4 2; Cerro Negro, Miranda, 
Log 5 

P. f. ribidior—VENEZUELA: Quebrada Bonita, Bergantin, 1 ¢,1 
9; ‘*Cumana’’, 2 63; Los Palmales, 3 ¢3; Santa Ana Valley, 1 $3; 
Carapas, 1 $3; Cerro Turumiquire, 8 65; Cumanacoa, 1 96; La Elvecia, 
1 96; Cerro Negro, Caripe, 8 ¢,3 Q. 

P. f. pariae—VENEZUELA: Cerro Azul, 25 @ (inel. type), 11 9; 
Cerro Humo, 14 ¢, 4 @. 


Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea pariae, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Azul, Cristébal Colén, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, 
Venezuela. No. 44087, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult 
male collected May 30, 1948, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit at 
the American Museum of Natural History.) 


Diagnosis: Differs from other subspecies by being darker brown below 
and blacker on the crown. 


Range: Known only from the Subtropical Zone (800-1150 meters) of 
Cerro Azul and Cerro Humo on the Paria Peninsula. 


Description of Type: Crown dusky Warm Sepia with a partly con- 
cealed large Light Cadmium crown patch; forehead, lores and nape 
Brussels Brown; back Auburn X Sanford’s Brown, more dusky toward 
rump band; band across rump Raw Sienna; tail-coverts blackish, edged 
with rufous; sides of neck Amber Brown; ear-coverts more buffy. Chin 
grayish buff; rest of under parts Amber Brown, paler on under tail- 
coverts. Wings Fuscous; remiges, except four outermost, externally 
edged with Sanford’s Brown which together with the broad Sanford’s 
Brown tips to the greater wing-coverts and broad edgings to the ter- 
tails forms a large wing patch; median and lesser coverts broadly 
tipped with Sanford’s Brown forming two conspicuous wing bands; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries Sanford’s Brown. Upper aspect of 
tail dusky, outer vane of external rectrices Pecan Brown; lower aspect 
Pecan Brown except dusky apically; all rectrices faintly tipped with 
buffy. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black;’’ feet ‘‘black;’’ iris ‘‘brown.’’ Wing, 71 mm; 
tail, 57; exposed culmen from base, 15; tarsus, 12.5. 


Remarks: Sexes alike. Size similar to spadix.? Range of measure- 
ments: five adult males—wing, 70-72 (71.2) mm; tail, 55-60 (57); cul- 
men from base, 14-15 (14.4); five adult females—wing, 67-69 (67.6) ; 
tail, 55-58 (56.2); eulmen from base, 14-14 (14). 


May females have laying ovaries. These specimens were collected: 
16 in May, 2 in June, 2 in August, 6 in September and 1 in November. 


5Specimens in the Chicago Natural History Museum. 
*Specimens in the Carnegie Museum. 
7See Wetmore. Smith. Misc. Coll. 98, No. 4, p. 5, 1939. 


40 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


P. ¢. cinnamomea.—PERUS: 403. 

P. c. pyrrhoptera VENEZUELA: Paramo de Tama, 3 6,1 9; Las 
Delicias, TAachira, 1 ¢; PERUS8: 283. 

P. c. assimilis. -COLOMBIA3: Valparaiso, Santa Marta region, 5 s, 
2 (?); Las Nubes, 5 6,1 9,5 (?); El Libano, 3 Q. 

P. c. vieillotioides —VENEZUELA: Mt. Buearito, Lara, 2 (%)3; 
Cubiro, 1 2; Bucaral, 1 ¢; Cumbre de Valencia, 1 6, 1 9; El 
Limén, 1 ¢3; Colonia Tovar, 1 9, 1 (?)3; El Junquito, 2 ¢, 4 9, 2 
(7); 2 $3, 1 93, 1 (?)38; Cerro El Avila, 1 63,1 9,1 (2); Silla de 
Caracas, 1 ¢%; Hda. Izcaragua, Guarenas, 1 6; Curupao, 1 ¢, 1 (3%); 
Cerro Golfo Triste, 1 ¢, 2 9; Cerro Negro, Miranda, 1 ¢,2 92,1 (%). 

P. c. spadix—VENEZUELA: Quebrada Bonita, Bergantin, 3 ¢, 1 
(?#); Caripe, 3 6; Cerro Negro, 4 6,4 9, 2 (%). 

P. c. pariae—VENEZUELA: Cerro Azul, 12 ¢ (incl. type), 9 @; 
Cerro Humo, 2 ¢, 3 9; 1 (2). 


Myioborus brunniceps pariae, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Azul, Cristébal Colén, Peninsula de Paria, 
Sucre, Venezuela. No. 44106, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. 
Adult male collected June 10, 1948, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on 
deposit at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from M. b. castaneocapillus in having eye-ring, 
supraloral streak and forehead, against the bill, yellow; superciliary 
streak and rest of forehead black; back grayish with yellowish olive 
cast instead of brownish olive; outer tail-feathers more extensively 
white. 

Range: Known only from the Subtropical Zone (800-1200 meters) of 
Cerro Azul and Cerro Humo on the Paria Peninsula. 

Description of Type: Crown Burnt Sienna X Mahogany Red, bordered 
anteriorly and laterally by -black, the feathers elongated; back and 
uropygium Deep Mouse Gray tinged with olive, a few feathers on mantle 
with dusky shaft streaks, forehead, close to the bill, preorbital region 
and eye-ring Lemon Chrome; lores and malar stripe black; ear-coverts 
and sides of head Deep Mouse Gray. Under parts Lemon Chrome, more 
whitish on under tail-coverts; sides and thighs mixed with grayish. 
Wings Fuscous-Black; inner vanes of remiges bordered with whitish, 
more extensively interiorly; bend of wing yellowish; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries whitish. Six median rectrices Fuscous-Black, very faintly 
barred with dusky; outer rectrices entirely white, the following pair 
with a little dusky on the inner vanes basally, and the third pair with 
dusky region occupying more than one half of inner vanes basally. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black’’; feet ‘‘ blackish yellow’’; iris ‘‘brown’’. Wing 
63 mm; tail, 62; exposed culmen, 9; culmen from base, 13; tarsus, 19. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Smaller than M. b. castaneocapillus. Range 
of measurements: five adult males—wing, 59-63 (60.2) mm; tail, 59-62 
(60.4); eulmen from base, 12.5-13 (12.8); four adult females—wing, 
57-60 (58.5); tail, 59-61 (60); culmen from base, 12-13 (12.6). Five 
adult males of M. b. castaneocapillus—wing, 63-66 (64.4); tail, 59-62 


5For list of localities see Zimmer, Am. Mus. Nov., No. 1048, p. 2, 1939. 


Phelps—Eight New Birds from Venezuela 4} 


(60.8) ; culmen from base, 13-13.5 (13.3); five adult females—wing, 
60-61 (60.6) ; tail, 57-61 (59.4); eculmen from base, 13-13.5 (13.2). 

May females have laying ovaries. Specimens were collected: 14 in 
May, 1 in June, 2 in September, 7 in November, 2 in December. 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


M. b. brunniceps—BOLIVIA?: Chilon, 1 ¢; Pulque, 2 ¢,1 9; 
Parotani, 1 ¢,1 9,1 (%); Tujma, 3 ¢; Rio Cachimayo, 3 ¢,1 9. 
ARGENTINA: San Pablo, 5 ¢,5 9; Tucuman, 9 ¢,6 9; Tafi Trail, 
1 $,1 2; Quebrada Escoipe,1 ¢,1 9. 

M. b. castaneocapillus—VENEZUELA: ‘‘Roraima’’3, 3 ¢; Philipp 
Camp?, 9 6,5 9,1 (%); Rondon Camp3, 2 ¢, 4 2; Arabupft, 1 (?); 
Cerro Roraima, 1 6, 2 9, 2 (%); Cerro Ptari-tepui, 3 3,3 9,6 (?); 
Cerro Sororopén-tepui, 1 9, 3 (?); Cerro Chimantd-tepui, 5 ¢, 7 9, 
7 (%); Cerro Uaipdn-tepui, 4 6,5 9, 2 (#); Cerro Aprada-tepui, 8 ¢, 
3 9, 3 (#); Cerro Acopdn-tepui, 3 9, 4 (%); Cerro Uei-tepui, 7 2, 
5 9, 4 (%); Cerro Auyan-tepui?, 4 ¢,4 9,1 (2). 

M. b. duidae—VENEZUELA: Cerro Duida, 1 6,1 9,1 ¢3,1 93. 

M, b. pariae VENEZUELA: Cerro Azul, 5 @ (incl. type), 1 9, 1 
(?); Cerro Humo, 7 ¢, 6 9, 6 (9). 


Basileuterus tristriatus pariae, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Humo, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, Venezuela. No. 
44320, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male collected May 
9, 1948, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit at the American Museum 
of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from B. t. meridanus of the Mérida region, and 
from B. t. bessererit of the Caracas region, by darker upper parts, 
brownish olive instead of yellowish olive. 

Range: Known only from the Subtropical Zone (800-1200 meters) of 
Cerro Humo and Cerro Azul on the Paria Penninsula. 

Description of Type: Crown and nape with wide lateral dusky stripes; 
center line pale olivaceous with partly concealed Pale Orange-Yellow 
crown patch; forehead dusky olive; back and uropygium Citrine-Drab; 
post-ocular stripe pale olivaceous; ear-coverts grayish, malar region 
dusky. Throat and breast Naples Yellow, abdomen and under tail- 
coverts paler; sides, flanks and shanks olivaceous; wings Benzo-Brown 
X Fuscous; remiges and upper wing-coverts, except primary coverts, 
edged with Citrine-Drab, uniform with back; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries whitish. Tail Benzo-Brown X Fuscous, paler below, rectrices 
edged externally with Citrine-Drab uniform with back. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black, base sepia’’; feet ‘‘yellow’’; iris ‘‘red’’. 
Wing, 61 mm; tail, 53; exposed culmen, 9; culmen from base, 14; 
tarsus, 20. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Size of males larger than bessereri. Range 
of measurements: five adult males—wing, 60-63 (61) mm; tail, 52-57 
(54); culmen from base, 13-14 (13.4); five adult females—wing, 56-59 
(57.2); tail, 49-52 (50.6); eculmen from base, 12.5-13 (12.9). Measure- 
ments of bessereri: five adult males—wing, 57-61 (59); tail, 52-54 
(53.4); eulmen from base, 12.5-13.5 (13.1); five adult females—wing, 
53-58 (55.2); tail, 48-53 (51.4); eculmen from base, 12-12.5 (12.2). 


42 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


May females have laying ovaries. Specimens were collected: 29 in 
May, 1 in June, 1 in August, 3 in September, 7 in November and 2 in 
December. 

Hellmayr® says, referring to B. t. meridanus: ‘‘Specimens collected 
by A. Mocquerys in the Tring Museum are labelled ‘Caripé’ but this 
is clearly a mistake.’’ He formed this opinion because the species had 
never since been collected in the Mt. Turumiquire region. However, now 
that we know that the species is common in the subtropics of the 
Paria Peninsula, we can accept the information on the labels of the 
Caripe specimens. They do not belong to the new subspecies as their 
backs are similar to meridanus and we shall follow Hellmayr in con- 
sidering them of that subspecies. Perhaps a good series may show that 
they represent a distinct race. 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


B. t. melanotis?—-COSTA RICA: Aquinares, 2 ¢; Quebradilla de 
Azajar, 2 9; Azajar de Cartago, 1 (?). PANAMA: ‘‘Chiriqui’’, 1 
(9); Mt. Coss. 1 4; Boqueti,1 ¢,1 Q. 

B. t. tacarunaes—PANAMA: Mt. Tacareuna, E. Panama, 6 4; 
Buide< 

B. t. tacarunae?,—PANAMA: Mt. Tacareuna, E. Panama, 6 ¢; 
Tocarcuna, 3 4. 

B. t. daedalus?.—ECUADOR: Gualea, 3 ¢; Paramba, 1 ¢, 1 Q, 
COLOMBIA: Cical, Cauca, 1 ¢ ; Cerro Munchique, 1 9. 

B. t. auricularis? COLOMBIA: El Roble, Quindio Andes, 2 ¢,1 @; 
Salento, 1 ¢, 1 (#); Palmira, Cauca, 3 6,1 9,1 (?); Gallera, 1 ¢, 
1 (%); Las Lomitas, 2 9; San Antonio, 7 6,1 92,1 (%); La Palma, 
Huila, 1 ¢; La Candela, 7 6,1 9; San Agustin, 1 ¢; Aquadita, 1 
3; ‘*Bogota’’, 6 (2). 

B. t. baeza?.—-ECUADOR: Baeza, 2 6, 2 2; San José de Sumaco, 
1 6; Sumaco, Abajo, 3 6, 4 2; Macas, 1 (?). 

B. t. tristriatus? ECUADOR: Sabanilla, 1 9; PERU: Chelpas, 
PGs aye. 

B,. t. punctipectus?.—BOLIVIA: Inchacha, 1 ¢, 2 @; Locotal, 2 6, 
1 9; Roquefalda, 2 6,1 9,1 (%); Nequejahuira, 1 $,1 (%); Mapire, 
1 (%); Yungas, 1 ¢. 

B. t. meridanus—VENEZUELA: Queniquea, TAchira, 1 ¢, 2 9; 
Seboruco, 1 9; Pdramo de la Culata, Mérida, 1 9; Valle’, 1 2; 
Paramo de Cendé, Trujillo, 1 9; Cerro Niquitéz, 1 ¢; Cerro El Cer 
r6n, Lara, 1 3,3 9, 1 (%); Cubiro, 2 6, 2 9, 3 (%); Buearito*, 7 
(?); Bucaral, Yaracuy, 1 9; Cumbre de Valencia, 1 43; Caripe, Mon- 
agas, 2 (%)3, 

B. t. bessereri—_ VENEZUELA: Colonia Tovar, 3 ¢, 2 9, 1 (3%); 
No Leén, 2 4, 2 (%); El Junquito, 2 9,1 43; El Limén, 1 93; Cerro 
El Avila, 1 6; Silla de Caracas, 1 $3; Galipin’, 2 ¢, 1 93; Cotiza3, 
3 6,2 9,1 (%); Hda. Izcaragua, Guarenas, 1 @; Cerro Golfo Triste, 
BiG Lior d Or) 

B. t. pariae—_VENEZUELA: Cerro Humo, 7 ¢ (incl. type), 11 Q, 
6 (?); Cerro Azul, 5 6,7 9,7 (2). 


°Cat. Birds Americas, etc. Part 8, p. 496, 1935. 


Phelps—Eight New Birds from Venezuela 43 


BD 1.Grenada 
Cas 


i = Spee 
TRINIDAD 


ra = 
Le Ya: pacanns 


WENEZUELA 
Millas 


50 
Kilometres 


ie @ ss io 180 aco z50 


ca ~\ 
— 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV 
31 Acopan-tepui, Cerro 21 Cumana 
29 Aprada-tepui, Cerro 23 Cumanacoa 
33 Arabupt 15 Cumbre de Valencia 
27 Auyaén-tepui Cerro 18 Curupao 
26 Azul, Cerro 35 Duida, Cerro 
22 Bergantin 17 El Avila, Cerro 
5 Boea de Monte 8 El Cerrén, Cerro 
12 Buearal 16 El Junquito 
10 Bucarito, Cerro 16 El Limon 
17 Caracas 17 Galipan 
23 Carapas 18 Guarenas 
24 Caripe 19 Golfo Triste, Cerro 
30 Chimanta-tepui 25 Humo, Cerro 
13 Colonia Chirgua 25 Irapa 
16 Colonia Tovar 18 Izearagua, Hacienda 
17 Cotiza 22 La Elvecia 
26 Cristébal Colén 1 La Sabana 


11 Cubiro 23 La Tigerera 


44 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Las Delicias 

Latal 

Mérida 

Negro, Cerro (Caripe) 
Negro, Cerro (Miranda) 
Niquit4z, Cerro : 
No Leén : 

Paramo Cendé 

Paramo de la Culata 
Paramo El: Escorial 


Péramo de Tama: .. | 


Paria Peninsula =“: 
Paso Hondo . 
Peonia, Cerro 
Peninsula de Paria 
Philipp Camp 
Ptari-tepui, Cerro 
Puerto Cabello 


tf 
: 


22 Quebrada Bonita 
23 Quebrada Seca 


4 Queniquea 


7 Quintero 

23 Rinecén de San Antonio 
33 Rondén Camp 

33 Roraima, Cerro 


8 San Cristébal 


14 San Jean 


~~» 18 San José de los Caracas 


23 Santa Ana Valley 


45 Santa Clara, Hacienda 
~- 4-Seboruco 


17 Silla de Caracas 

32 Sororopén-tepui, Cerro 
23 Turumiquire, Cerro 

28 Uaipan-tepui, Cerro 

34 Uei-tepui, Cerro 

7 Valle (Mérida) 


VAI @ 7 9 


Vol. 62, pp. 45-52 April 27, 1949 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME UNDESCRIBED FORMS 
BELONGING TO TWO LITTLE KNOWN 
SPECIES OF THE FAMILY APHIDIDAE 


By F. C. Horres 


The opportunity is taken to describe several hitherto un- 
known forms belonging to two little known species of 
Aphididae and to record some observations concerning their 
life habits. 


Macrosiphum macrosiphum (Wilson). 
Alate male. 

This form is described from two specimens. Size and general color.— 
Length from vertex to tip of anal plate 1.04-1.33 mm. Head, first two 
antennal segments and the prothorax dusky brown with some areas 
slightly lighter in color, areas around the base of the hair slightly 
raised and clear. Meso and metathorax on the dorsum rich dark brown 
with some areas almost black, sides of thorax with some yellow and green. 
Abdomen rich yellow with dusky markings as follows: four small dark 
dusky areas or patches on the sides anterior to the cornicles, two rows 
of lighter dusky areas on the dorsum extending inwardly from the first 
three lateral spots; just anterior to the cornicles there is an irregular 
dusky spot which is more or less band-like; posterior to the cornicles 
there are two rather broken bands of the same dusky color. The 
cornicles are dusky brown, posterior to their origin the abdomen is 
dusky brown. The anal plate is dusky, the cauda is more or less yellowish 
with dusky margins and setulose structures. The antennae are dark 
dusky brown except for the extreme base of III which is lighter in 
color. Antennal segment III is darker than the remaining segments. 
Segments III, IV and V of the rostrum are dusky brown with the tip 
and margins almost black. Femora yellow at the base shading gradual- 
ly to light dusky at the apex. Tibiae light dusky with basal and apical 
portions darker. Tarsi concolorous with apex of tibiae. Gonapophyses 
dark brown. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal tubercles well developed. Vertex 
with a well developed median tubercle. First antennal segments slightly 
gibbous on median surface. The gibbous portion of the first antennal 
segment is slightly rough. Antennal segments with the following pro- 
portional lengths: III .715-.772 mm., IV .54-.60 mm., V .58-.60 mm., 
VI .11-.14 mm + 1.00-1.31 mm. Secondary sensoria on segments IIT, 
IV, and V distributed as follows: III 47-53, IV 22-26, V 20-27. On 
III the sensoria are quite evenly distributed over all but the anterior 
surface. On this segment the sensoria are uniform in size and slightly 
tuberculate. Segment IV has the sensoria irregularly arranged, on this 


11—PrRoc. Brow. Soo. WASH., Vou. 62, 1949 (45) 


APR 28 1989 


46 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


segment the base is almost free from sensoria. From the middle of the 
segment towards the apex the sensoria are spaced closer and closer 
together till at the apex they are very much crowded together. Segment 
V has the sensoria in more or less of a row and like those on IV they 
are crowded near the apex. III and IV are slightly imbricated, V and 
VI are distinctly so. Hair on antennae fine, sparse and less than half 
the width of segment in length. The rostrum fails conspicuously to 
reach the coaxe of the mesothoracic pair of legs in one ease, and almost 
reaches them in the other. 

Thorax.—The forewings of one specimen are missing, and the wings 
of the other specimen are poorly mounted, hence the only statement 
that may be made regarding the viens is that they are dark brown and 
more or less bordered with fuscous. Length of hind tibiae 1.14-1.28 mm. 
Length of hind tarsi .114-.128 mm. 

Abdomen.—Cornicles typical of species in shape, in length .856-.886 
mm. very slightly imbricated, the imbrications being better developed 
at the base and for the most part lacking on the apical fourth, Cauda 
.143-.151 mm. not constricted. One specimen shows two hairs on one 
side and one on the other, the other specimen shows the sides of the 
cauda provided with three and four hairs, the hairs on the cauda are 
long, fine, and sharply pointed. The anal plate is narrow and earries 
a row of hair on its outer margin. The gonapophyses appear to be 
further forward than usual, they are short and well provided with hair, 

Oviparous female. Wilson confines his description of this form to the 
color. Size and general color.—Average length from vertex to tip of 
anal plate 1.69 mm., range in length from 1.53-1.89 mm. Width of 
head across eyes .34-.38 mm. Color uniform yellow to light yellowish- 
tan, except as follows: gibbous portion of first antennal segment; apical 
portion of III and basal and apical portions of IV and V and all of 
six light dusky to light brown. Basal and apical portions of tibiae and 
all of tarsi light dusky. Cornicles with apical portions dusky and some- 
times entirely so. Cauda light dusky or if not the setulose surface alone 
is. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal segments with the following com- 
parative lengths: III .70-.74 mm., IV .45-.62 ave. .52 mm., V .38-.64 
ave. .54 mm., VI .14-.15 mm. -++ .57-1.28 ave. .74 mm. Secondary sen- 
soria confined to third antennal segment and never more than one. The 
rostrum extends beyond the coxae of the mesothoracic pair of legs but 
fails to reach those of the metathoracic pair. 

Thorax.—The hind tibiae vary in length from 1.35-1.43 mm., the 
hind tarsi vary from .10-.12 mm. About the basal third of the 
hind tibiae is very slightly swollen and provided with sensoria, which 
are very difficult to distinguish. 

Abdomen.—The cornicles are typical of the species and vary in length 
from 1.14-1.28 mm., with the average slightly less than 1.20 mm. The 
cauda varies in length from .214-.286 mm. and averages .26-+ mm. The 
cauda is not constricted, its sides are uniform and carries from two to 
three hair on a side and as a rule one on the dorsum near the apex. Its 
surface is very finely setulose. The anal plate is well rounded, has a 
setulose surface and carries long pointed hair on its outer margin. 
About midway between the cornicles and the end of the anal plate the 
abdomen is considerably narrowed. 


Hottes—Inttle Known Species of the Aphididae 47 


Allotype alate male, Skyway, Colorado, September 14, 1948. Morpho- 
type oviparous female Skyway, Colorado, September 14, 1948. Both were 
taken on Amelanchier alnifolia. Both deposited in United States Na- 
tional Museum. 

Wilson described the apterous viviparous female and what he sup- 
posed to be the male in the Canadian Entomologist, Volume 44, pp. 
155-156, 1912. He placed the species in the genus Iilinoia. I described 
the alate viviparous female in the PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL 
Society oF WASHINGTON, Volume 47, pp. 7-8, 1934. I placed the species 
in the genus Adactynus. Wilson described the species as occurring in 
small colonies. I have only taken it solitary on the under sides of the 
leaves. My experience indicates that it is a very rare species. 
Macrosiphum rudbeckiarum (Cockerell). 

In 1903, Professor Cockerell, then residing in New Mexico, deseribed 
from Rudbeckia ampla an aphid to which he gave the name Nectarophora 
rudbeckiarum. Since that time the species seems to have been recorded 
only in literature. I have been familiar with this species since 1930 and 
take this opportunity to describe all forms and to record some notes 
concerning its life history and its possible relationship to another species. 
Alate viviparous female. 

Size and general color.—Length from vertex to tip of anal plate 2.51- 
3.47, ave. 3.02 mm. Width of head across eyes .54-.57 mm. Head and 
prothorax light dusky brown. Mesothorax and metathorax brown with 
darker markings. Abdomen green with a darker median stripe. First 
antennal segment light dusky with inner margin light brown. Antennal 
segments II, III, IV, and V light dusky with basal portions of IV and 
V and apical portions of III, IV, and V darker. VI brown. Femora light 
dusky with dorsal portion darker. Tibiae light dusky with apical portions 
light brown, tarsi light brown concolorous with apex of tibiae. Cornicles 
pale to light dusky, cauda and anal plate the same, cauda with darker 
setulose surface. Veins of wings brown with a suggestion of a light 
dusky border. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal segments with the following pro- 
portional lengths: III 1.02-1.17 mm., IV 1.10-1.24 mm., V .97-1.14 mm., 
VI .214-.228 mm. + 1.43-1.60 mm. Secondary sensoria confined to the 
third antennal segment, numbering from 16-33 average 22. The sen- 
soria are arranged in more or less of a regular row, any irregularity 
occuring near the basal portion. The sensoria fail to reach the apical 
portion of the segment by a distance equa] to a little less than the 
combined lengths of I and II. The sensoria are large and have wide 
rims, those on the basal half are somewhat oval, the others are round. 
The surface of III and IV is smooth, segment V is slightly imbricated 
and VI is distinctly so. On III the hair are for the most part slightly 
shorter than the width of the segment, they are rather coarse and sharp 
pointed. The rostrum reaches the coxae of the mesothoracie pair of 
legs, its tip is almost black, segments III and IV are light dusky. 
There is a median tubercle on the vertex. 

The Thorax.—The metathoracie tibiae are 3.43 mm. long. The tarsi of 
this pair of legs are .10-.185 mm. long. The hair on the hind tibiae are 
rather coarse and sharp pointed. In length the hair near the basal 
portion are shorter than the width of the segment while those near the 
apex are slightly long than the width of the tibiae at this point. 


48 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


There are no lateral tubercles on the thorax or abdomen. The stigma 
is pale dusky and has a scale-like surface. Under the stigma there 
is a faint accessory vien. The racial sector is considerably bowed. 
The second branch of the media is closer to the margin of the wing 
than it is to the first branch. All veins are very lightly bordered and 
none reach the margin of the wing. 

The Abdomen.—The cornicles are 1.14-1.43 mm. long. Approximately 
.17 mm. of the cornicle at the apex is covered with closed reticulations. 
The surface of the cornicle not reticulated is imbricated and it is difficult 
to determine where the imbrications stop and the reticulations begin. 
The reticulated portion of the cornicle is very slightly narrower than 
the portion just above. The abdomen has a few rather long sharp 
pointed hair. The cauda is .53-.54 mm. long, it is not constricted and 
has a setulose surface. The cauda has five or six lateral hair. The anal 
plate is small for an aphid of this size and well rounded. 

Apterous viviparous female. 

Size and general color.—Average length from vertex to tip of anal 
plate 3.54 mm., the range is from 2.93-3.93 mm. Half of the females 
measured have a length of 3.86 mm. or more. Head, thorax, and ab- 
domen light green with the head and first two antennal segments some- 
what lighter in color, often very light, abdomen with a darker median 
stripe. Antennal segments III, IV, and V pale to light dusky, the 
apical portions darker. Segment VI brown. Some specimens will have 
antennal segments IV and V dusky brown. Segments IV and V of the 
rostrum dusky brown. Femora pale greenish. Tibiae pale greenish 
except for the region near the apex which is light dusky. Tarsi brown. 
Specimens of this form taken in the fall will have the antennae and legs 
darker than specimens taken in the summer. Cornicles pale green with 
the reticulated area light dusky. Fall forms may have the cornicles 
pale dusky with the apex much darker. Cauda and anal plate pale 
green. 

Head and appendages.—Width of head across eyes .57-.60 mm. The 
antennal tubercles are very well developed, each tubercle has two hairs 
directed inwardly. The vertex has a well developed median tubercle. 
There are two hairs on the anterior margin of the vertex and rarely 
three. Comparative lengths of antennal segments as follows: III 1.02- 
1.28 ave. 1.17 mm., IV .91-1.28 ave. 1.18 mm., in only two cases out of 
eight taken at random was antennal segment IV shorter than III. 
V 1.00-1.14 ave. 1.04 mm., VI .214-.286 ave. .245 mm., -++ 1.28-1.71 ave. 
1.44 mm Secondary sensoria confined to third antennal segment, num- 
bering from four to ten, most common number seven to nine. The hair 
on segment III are for the most part as long as the segment is wide, 
the hair are blunt at the tip but not enlarged. III is smooth, IV is 
smooth for the basal half and lightly imbricated for the remainder, V is 
moderately imbricated and VI is very much imbricated. The rostrum 
extends just beyond the coxae of the mesothoracic pair of legs. 

Thorax.—The hind tibiae measure from 3.14-4.07 mm. long and aver- 
age 3.70 mm. The hind tarsi are .17+ mm. long. There are no lateral 
tubercles on the thorax. 

Abdomen.—The abdomen is without lateral tubercles. The cornicles 
measure from 1.14 in only one ease to 1.64 mm. in length. The average 
length of the cornicles is 1.52 mm. Approximately .17 mm. of the 


Hottes—Intile Known Species of the Aphididae 49 


cornicle at the apex is reticulated, the remainder of the cornicle is 
imbricated. The base of the cornicle is very broad, the remainder of 
the cornicle is almost straight. The cauda is rather broad and spatula- 
shaped, it is not constricted and carries its width well towards the apex, 
which is not sharply pointed. There are from four to six hairs on a 
side, the entire surface of the cauda is setulose. In length the cauda 
varies from .57-.71 mm. The average length of the cauda is .67 mm. 
Apterous oviparous female. 

Size and general color—Length from vertex to tip of anal plate 
2.93-3.50, average length 3.21 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen similar 
to that of apterous viviparous female. Antennal segments, legs and 
cornicles as a rule darker than those of summer apterous viviparous 
females, and at times much darker, at such times approaching brown. 

Head and appendages.—Average width of head across eyes .54 mm. 
varying from .52-.57 mm. Comparative lengths of antennal segments 
as follows: III .92-1.14 ave. 1.07 mm., most common length 1.14 mm., 
IV, .92-1.10 ave. 1.03 mm. IV was equal to III in two cases. V .80-.95 
ave. .90 mm., VI .17-.21 + 1.000-1.43 ave. 1.28 mm. Secondary sensoria 
limited to III and numbering from five to nine, with five the most com- 
mon number. As a rule there is considerable difference in size of the 
sensoria which are arranged in a row, on the basal half of the segment. 
- The rostrum commonly extends slightly beyond the origin of the meso- 
thoracic coxae, but two specimens were noted where the rostrum was 
much shorter. 

Thorax.—The hind tibiae vary in length from 2.78-4.07 and average 
3.41 mm. The hind tibiae are only slightly swollen and this occurs in 
a very short distance. In the swollen area and extending slightly be- 
yond, there are about twenty sensoria. The hind tarsi are approximately 
17 mm. long. 

Abdomen.—The cornicles are similar to those of the viviparous females, 
except that the imbrications are less well developed. The anal plate 
and the cauda are similar to these structures in the apterous viviparous 
female. The apex of the abdomen is but little drawn out, unlike that 
of most oviparous females. 


Alate male. 

Size and general color.—The length from vertex to tip of anal plate 
varies from 1.40-1.78, the average length is 1.65 mm. As a rule the 
length is more than 1.70 mm. Width of head across eyes varies from 
.34-.58 mm., average width of head .46 mm. Head dusky with darker 
brown markings. Antennal tubercles with some greenish-yellow. Median 
portion of thorax brown with a small amount of black, remainder of 
thorax green. Abdomen green with a yellowish cast except as follows: 
three lateral dusky brown patches anterior to the cornicles, small dusky 
patch surrounding the base of the cornicles; dorsum of abdomen with 
two rows arranged on three segments of dusky brown to brown areas 
the second, third rows more or less confluent in the median section. 
Some specimens have a large dusky brown saddle which overlaps the 
sides in place of the lateral and dorsal patches. Cornicles pale to light 
dusky except for the reticulated portion which is dusky. Cauda dusky 
green. Antennae almost uniform dusky except for one and two and the 
base of three which are dusky yellow. Femora pale at the base shading 
to brown at the apex. Tibiae light dusky with the apical portions and 


50 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


the tarsi brown. Stigma dusky with a brownish accessory vein beneath. 
Veins brown surrounded by a light dusky border. Margin of wing 
light smokey distinctly darker than the more median portion of the 
wing. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal tubercles well developed. Vertex 
with a median well developed tubercle. Antennal segments with the 
following proportional lengths: III .78-1.14 ave. 1.03 mm. Most speci- 
mens will show III longer than average. IV .85-1.17 ave. 1.07 mm. 
In six cases out of nine taken at random IV was longer than III and 
equal to III in another. V .85-1.04 ave. .94 mm., VI .21-.24 mm. + 1.07- 
2.02 ave. 1.74 mm. Secondary sensoria distributed as follows: III 94- 
119 covering most of surface except for basal and apical regions, the 
sensoria are uniform in size and have wide rims; IV has from 55-73 
sensoria and they appear to cover about three sides of the segment; 
V has from 27-35 sensoria and on this segment they are for the most 
part confined to one side of the segment and are closer together near 
the apex. On III the hair are shorter than the width of the segment 
and sharp pointed. The rostrum reaches just beyond the mesothoracic 
eoxae. 

Thorax.—The second branch of the media is closer to the first branch 
than it is to the margin of the wing. The radial sector is long and 
little bowed. The outer portion of the wing is quite rough as though 
covered with scales. The hind tibiae are 2.35-2.64 mm. long and average 
2.51 mm. The most common length of the tibiae is 2.57 mm. The hind 
tarsi measure .143 mm. in length. 

The Abdomen.—The cornicles are from .54-.74 mm. long and average 
.62 mm. They are reticulated near the apex for a distance of about .1 
mm. The cauda varies in length from .21-.24 mm., it has from four to 
five lateral hair. The gonapophyses are dark brown and quite similar 
to those of other males. 

The host upon which I took all forms of this species from the stem 
mothers in the spring to the sexes in the fall was Rudebeckia montana, 
a composite which lacks the ray flowers, and it was this that attracted 
me to it in 1930 when I collected the first specimens from it. The 
aphids show a preference for the under sides of the leaves. This is 
especially true of the sexual forms. The alate viviparous forms, if 
there are any, seem to prefer the flower stem directly under the disk. 
The immature forms of this species are often pale cream to pale yellow. 
In the fall immature forms are apt to show a slight frost-like pulveru- 
lence. Alate forms of this species key to Macrosiphum laevigatae Essig 
in all keys known to me. I so determined it for many years until Prof. 
Palmer called my attention to Prof. Cockerell’s description. In 1947 
and again in 1948 I was able to follow the complete life cycle on 
Rudebeckia so I have positive proof that the species need not migrate 
to a secondary host, although I lack proof that it does not. During 
the summer of 1948 I tried to colonize apterous viviparous females 
from Rudebeckia on Salix from which I had collected Macrosiphum 
laevigatae without success. I also tried to colonize apterous laevigatae 
on Rudebeckia from June 6 to July 13, after which I could no longer 
locate laevigatae on Salix. (Prof. Palmer informs me that she has 
records of Macrosiphum laevigatae on Willow taken August 14, 20-31.) 
In every case my attempts ended in failure. Another year I shafl 


Hoties—Little Known Species of the Aphididae dl 


attempt similar transfers making use of alate forms which should be 
the more normal] transfer agents, but these were not available in 1948 
when only one alate rudbeckiarum was seen and only two alate laevigatae 
collected although many pupae of this species were seen on July 13. 
Macrosiphum laevigatae taken from Salix has a shorter cauda than 
Macrosiphum rudbeckiarum and also has fewer sensoria, 13-14, to 16-33 in 
rudbeckiarum. In other anatomical features laevigatae is as a rule 
smaller than rudbeckiarum but smaller forms of rudbeckiarum will be 
found to agree except for cauda and sensoria better with laevigatae 
taken on Saliz. 

Until we know more about these seldom-taken forms, it will be well to 
hold them distinct. On September 14, 1948, I took apterous oviparous 
females of this species on the under sides of the leaves of Rubus sp. 
At the time I collected them on Rubus they were mixed in with a species 
belonging to the genus Amphorophora and it was this species alone that 
I thought I was collecting. Of this I am positive, and there was no 
mix-up of species. 

Allotype alate male September 3, 1947. Morphotype apterous vivi- 
parous female June 25, 1948. Morphotype apterous oviparous female 
September 14, 1948. (Taken in copulation with male mounted on same 
slide.) All types deposited in the United States National Museum. 
Paramorphotypes also taken on the following dates: July 1930, July 
1932, June 25, 1948, July 13, 1948, September 3, 1948, September 14, 
1948. 

All taken on Rudebeckia montana near Skyway, Colorado. 


O01? 


beeen] 
Ne 
Fd 


tis AY i Gé5 
“atonn, pate 
PRO GS 


Vol. 62, pp. 53-56 April 27, 1949 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SEXUAL FORMS OF SOME 
SPECIES OF APHIDIDAE 


F. C. Horres 


Here follow the descriptions of the sexual forms of some of 
the aphid species described by the author. 


Kakimia wahinkae (Hottes). 
Alate male. 

Size and general color.—Average length from vertex to tip of anal 
plate 1.78 mm. Range of size from 1.36-2.02 mm. Head and thorax 
shiny dark dusky-brown, to almost black. Abdomen dark green with 
dusky markings at the sides and five more or less broken bands on 
the dorsum. Head thorax and abdomen with a metallic sheen or luster. 
Cornicles light dusky. Anal plate and cauda dusky brown with some 
green in the lighter colored areas. First two antennal segments dark 
brown, third antennal segment dusky brown, somewhat lighter near 
base. Fourth and fifth antennal segments lighter in color than the third, 
darker towards the apex. Base of sixth antennal segment lighter than 
the remainder which is light dusky. Femora greenish at base becoming 
dusky brown towards the middle and dark brown to almost black distaliy. 
Tibiae brown with apical portions almost black. Tarsi dark brown to 
black. Veins of fore and hind wings dark brown bordered with fuscous. 
Gonapophyses dark brown. 

Head and appendages.—Average width of head across eyes .46 mm. 
Ocular tubercles present but small. Antennal segments with the follow- 
ing proportional lengths: III .54-72 ave. .62 mm., IV .31-41 ave. .36 mm., 
V .24-31 ave. .27 mm., VI .1+.68-.85, ave. .76 mm. Secondary sensoria 
on antennal segments III, IV and V, arranged as follows: III 42-57, 
as a rule more than 52; IV 9-12; V 8-15, as a rule more than 12. On III 
the sensoria are irregularly arranged and cover most of the surface 
except the extreme base and for a short portion near the apex. On III 
the sensoria vary in size, are without a rim, and are little if any tuber- 
culate. On IV the sensoria are irregularly arranged but the anterior 
surface is free, the sensoria on the apical portion are more or less in a 
row. On V the sensoria are almost in a straight row. Hair on the 
antennae is sparse, fine and sharp-pointed, on III it is slightly shorter 
than the width of segment. III and IV are lightly imbricated, V and 
VI are well imbricated. The first antennal segment is slightly gibbous 
on the inner margin. The anterior margin of the head earries a well 
developed median tubercle. The rostrum reaches the coxae of the meso- 
thoracic pair of legs. 

Thorax and appendages.—The first branch of the media is closer to 
the margin of the wing than it is to the origin of the first branch. The 


12—-Proc. Bron. Soc. WaAsH., Vou. 62, 1949 (53) 


APR 28 1949 


54 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


stigma is dark and has a scale-like surface. Tibiae long rather thin. 
Hair on tibiae rather coarse, sharp-pointed and about as long as width 
of tibiae. First tarsal segment apparently with only two hair. 

Abdomen.—The cornicles vary in length from .12-.14 mm. In shape 
they are similar to those of the viviparous females, they are lightly 
imbricated. Hair on abdomen apparently confined to dusky areas, or 
arising from small dusky elevations not much wider than the hair itself. 
The hair on the abdomen is fine and sharp-pointed, very much unlike 
that found on the abdomen of the female. The cauda is from .12-.15 
mm. long, it is wide throughout, it has three lateral hairs and two on 
the dorsum. All hairs arise posterior to the middle. The gonapophyses 
are very hairy. 


Oviparous female. 


Size and general color—Length from vertex to tip of anal plate 
1.79-2.32 mm, ave. 2.08 mm. Color similar to that of apterous viviparous 
female. In a few females the eggs show through the surface of the 
body as lighter colored areas. Average width of head through the eyes 
.45-.52 mm. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal segments with the following com- 
parative lengths: III .48-.65 ave. .52 mm., IV .27-.38 ave. .31 mm., 
V .22-.28 ave. .25 mm., VI .1+ .64-.78, most common length .64 mm. 
Secondary sensoria on III 8-19, most common number 12. On this seg- 
ment the sensoria are confined to the basal half of segment, they are 
located only on one side of the antenna, are small and quite tuberculate. 
There are no secondary sensoria on the third or fourth antennal seg- 
ments. On the third antennal segment the hair are sparse, sharp-pointed, 
and for the most part longer than the width of the segment. Segments 
III and IV are lightly imbricated, segments V and VI are conspicuously 
so. The front of the head has a well developed rather square shaped 
median tubercle. The rostrum almost reaches the coxae of the meta- 
thoracic legs. The hind tibiae have the basal halves much swollen, 
sensoria occupy this area and extend downwards past the middle of 
segment. The sensoria are irregular in shape and size. The hair on 
the swollen portion of the tibiae is less abundant than it is on the lower 
portions. 

Abdomen.—The cornicles and cauda as in the viviparous female. The 
tip end of the abdomen is somewhat drawn out. 

The males and the oviparous females were taken near Skyway, Colo- 
rado, on the underside of the leaves and on the seed pods of Aconitum 
columbianum. The complete life history of this species may be followed 
on this host. 

Allotype alate male, taken near Skyway, Colorado, August 18, 1948. 
Morphotype apterous oviparous female taken near Skyway, Colorado, 
August 23, 1948. Other sexuals belonging to this species were taken 
August 3 and on August 11 in the same locality. At the time I de- 
scribed the viviparous forms I remarked at the difficulty of placing 
this species in a genus. It is just as difficult to do so now. Both the 
allotype male and the morphotype oviparous female have been placed 
in the United States National Museum. 


Hottes—Sexual Forms of Some Species of Aphididae 55 


Macrosiphum yagasogae. 
Alate male. 


Size and general color.—This form is described from two specimens 
taken with several oviparous and viviparous females. Length from 
vertex to tip of anal plate 1.52-1.78 mm. Width of head through eyes 
50 mm. Head dusky brown with the antennal tubercles lighter. Pro- 
thorax concolorous with head meso and metathorax brownish-black on 
the dorsum and venter, later surfaces dark green. Abdomen dark green 
with dusky brown spots on the sides. Dorsum of abdomen with much 
dusky brown in the form of irregular patches, portion of abdomen 
posterior to cornicles with more dusky brown than green. Cornicles uni- 
form dusky. Cauda and anal plate pale dusky. Gonapophyses brown. 
First and second antennal segments somewhat lighter in color than the 
head. Third antennal segment dusky except at extreme base. Fourth 
antennal segment dusky growing darker towards the apex, fifth segment 
darker than the fourth, sixth segment dark brown. Rostrum pale green 
at base, terminal segments light dusky. Femora of all legs pale with a 
greenish cast basally and with the upper apical surface light dusky. 
Tibiae pale except for apical portions which are brown. Tarsi brown. 


Head and appendages.—Antennal segments with the following pro- 
portional lengths: III .68-.77 mm., IV .61-.64 mm., V .68-71 mm., VI 
-.20-.22 mm. + 1.21-1.30 mm. The antennal tubercles are well developed. 
The secondary sensoria are distributed as follows: IIT 38-42, IV 0-2, V 
20-22. On III the secondary sensoria are irregularly arranged but 
for the most part are confined to one side of the segment. On this seg- 
ment the sensoria are irregular in size and have wide rims. If sensoria 
are found on IV they are beyond the middle of the segment. The basal 
portion of V is free from sensoria but once they begin they are almost 
in a straight row and placed closer and closer together till at the apex 
very little if any space separates them from one another. Antennal 
segments III and IV are lightly imbricated, segments V and VI are 
conspicuously so. The rostrum fails to reach the mesothoracic coxae. 
The dorsum of the head has two clear areas suggestive of sensoria. 


Thorax.—The hind tibiae are 1.82 mm. long. The hind tarsi measure 
157 mm. The stigma is long and thin, its surface is scale-like. An 
accessory vein is present beneath the stigma. The first branch of the 
media is midway between the second branch and the margin of the wing. 


The abdomen.—The cornicles are .50 mm. long. The reticulations 
at the apex of the cornicles extend for a distance of .10 mm. The 
remaining portion of the cornicles is imbricated in a manner to suggest 
reticulations. The cauda is .171 mm. long, with from four to five hair 
on a side and from none to two on the dorsum, the cauda is not con- 
stricted. The anal plate is deep and quite narrow. The gonapophyses 
are shorter than usual and quite hairy. 


Allotype male taken at Skyway, Colorado, September 10, 1948, on 
Solomon’s Seal Polygonatum commutatum. Deposited in the United 
States National Museum. Dr. Frison and I described Macrosiphum 
kickapoo from material collected on the same host in Illinois. The two 
species show an unmistakable affinity but at the same time maintain 
their specific identity. This interesting relationship should be further 
investigated. 


56 ©Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Kakimia tutigula (Hottes) 
Alate male. 

Size and general color.—Average width of head through eyes .41 mm. 
Average length from vertex to tip of anal plate 1.72, range from 1.68- 
1.78 mm. Head dark dusky brown shading to almost black. Dorsum 
of thorax dark dusky brown to black, lateral portions of thorax lighter 
and somewhat green. Abdomen green with dusky brown patches along. 
lateral margins and broken patches of the same color on the dorsum. 
Antennae with the exception of the extreme base of third segment uni- 
form dusky. Rostrum dusky. Femora with base yellowish-green shading 
to dusky at the apex. Tibiae dusky at base and apex, remaining portion 
light dusky. Cornicles and cauda dusky. Gonapophyses almost black. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal segments with the following com- 
parative lengths: III .60-.81 ave. .71 mm., IV .51-60 Ave. .55 mm., V 
.48-.52 mm., VI .15-.21 ave. .17 mm., + .60-.74 ave. .68 mm. Secondary 
sensoria on III irregularly arranged but confined for the most part to 
one side of the segment. The sensoria are irregular in size, have wide 
rims, and are very little if any tuberculate. The sensoria near the apex 
of III are few and confined to a row. On V the sensoria are arranged 
in an irregular row. The sensoria number as follows: III 49-69 ave. 
58, V 20-28 ave. 23. All antennal segments are are imbricated V and VI 
more so than the others. Hair on antennal segments fine, considerably 
shorter than the width of segment and very sparce. Ocular tubercles 
small. Rostrum short, failing to reach coxae of mesothoracic pair of legs. 

Thorax.—First branch of media as a rule closer to margin of wing 
than to origin of second branch. Radial sector rather flat, being but 
little bowed. Stigma narrow. Hind tibiae long. 

Abdomen.—Cornicles .20-.21 mm. long, imbricated. Cauda .18-.20 mm. 
long with from 2-3 hair on a side near the apex and from two to three 
hair on the dorsum. Gonapophyses very hairy. 

Taken near Skyway, Colorado (region of Island Lake, type locality) 
September 10, 1948, on Capnoides sp. At that time there were no ovipar- 
ous females. On September 17, following a killing frost, one immature 
oviparous female was taken. The slide bearing the allotype male has 
been deposited in the United States National Museum. Kakimia tutigula 
spends its whole life cycle on Capnoides sp. 


. 


aye 1949 
“aTona wysees 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


Vol. 62, pp. 57-68 April 27, 1949 


GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN THE RIBBED FROG, 
ASCAPHUS TRUEI 


By M. B. MITTLEMAN AND GEORGE S. MYERS 


In the Pacific Northwest, from British Columbia and Mon- 
tana to northern California, occurs the most remarkable of 
North American frogs. Ascaphus truet Stejneger is not only 
the most primitive New World frog, but it also possesses a 
tadpole unique among Nearctic Salientia. Heretofore, but 
a single named population has been recognized within the 
genus Ascaphus. While it is the primary purpose of this 
paper to demonstrate the existence of three recognizable popu- 
lations of Ascaphus, a brief historical and systematic intro- 
duction appears to be useful. 


The Ascaphidae, as recognized by Noble (1931: 485, where called 
Liopelmidae), include but two genera, Leiopelma and Ascaphus. The 
first-known genus, Leiopelma', is restricted to New Zealand, from whence 
three forms have been described: L. hochstetteri Fitzinger, L. hamiltoni 
McCulloch, and L. archeyi Turbott. The primitive nature of Leiopelma 
was not at first understood, principally because of the then-rudimentary 
state of frog classification. Fitzinger (1861) compares the genus with 
Telmatobius and Cyclorhamphus, two neotropical genera now referred 
to the Leptodactylidae. Steindachner (1867: 33) places Leiopelma in the 
‘¢Bombinatoridae,’’ a heterogeneous group assembled by Giinther, and 
based chiefly on dentition, hympanum, and toe-webbing. MBoulenger 
(1882: 447) appears to have been the first to recognize that Leiopelma 
belongs with the primitive, ribbed frogs, but his later denial of the 
presence of rudimentary ribs, and consequent placement of Leiopelma 
in the ‘‘Cystignathidae’’ (= Leptodactylidae), in 1910 (p. 150, foot- 
note), has never been properly explained. The work of Noble (1922) 
reinstated Leiopelma among the ribbed frogs, but he separated this 
genus and Ascaphus from the more advanced Discoglossidae, in which 
all the ribbed frogs had previously been placed (Noble, 1931: 485). 

On the other hand, Ascaphus, unlike Leiopelma, was recognized as a 
primitive frog from the very first. The unique type specimen was 
obtained by Cloudsley Rutter of Stanford University, during the course 
of some ichthyological work he was doing for the U. S. Fish Commission 


1This generic name is spelled Liopelma by most recent writers, following Bon- 
lenger (1882: 447). Myers and Carvalho (1945: 17, footnote 5) called attention 
to this error, although they did not have Fitzinger’s original paper in hand. 
While the classically correct transliteration of the name would be Liopelma, 
Fitzinger (1861: 218) spelled it Leiopelma, and the International Rules require 
the retention of this orthography. 


13—PrRoc. Biol. Soc. WASH., Vou. 62, 1949 (57) 


APR 28 1040 


58 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


in western Washington State. The type was forwarded to Washington, 
probably to the headquarters of the Fish Commission, whence it was 
turned over to the National Museum. The specimen was described by 
Stejneger in 1899, as Ascaphus truei, and referred to the Discoglossidae. 
This discovery, the most important in Nearectic batrachology, led Stej- 
neger to write his paper on the geographical distribution of the Disco- 
glossids (1905). 

For a number of years Ascaphus remained a very rare frog. However, 
as its habitat became known, more specimens became available, so that 
over the course of the fifty years since its original description Ascaphus 
has become a relatively well-known frog. As early as 1912, Van Den- 
burgh published a detailed note on the skeletal antomy, while Mrs. 
Gaige wrote at considerable length (1920) on the life-history and ecology, 
on the basis of her observations in the Olympic Peninsula. Noble (1922, 
1931) published some notes on the life-history and breeding of the 
species from live material and information supplied by Phillips G. 
Putnam. The cranial anatomy has been investigated by de Villiers 
(1934), and a number of notes have been published by Storer (1925), 
Slevin (1928), Myers (1931, 1943), Smith (1932), the Wrights (1933, 
1942), and at least 23 other writers. 

Yet, despite these many contributions to a rapidly-growing literature, 
the morphological variations of Ascaphus—especially the extent and 
nature of these variations with respect to geographic distribution—re- 
main scarcely known. In part, this doubtless arises from the fact that 
there are comparatively few adult (post-metamorphic) specimens in 
collections, and probably also because the habits of this animal are 
such that its range is still imperfectly known, with many gaps yet to 
be filled. Myers has suspected since 1931 that the California population 
of Ascaphus differs racially from that of Oregon and Washington, but 
before Mittleman knew of this he already had the present study well 
under way. He then invited his western colleague to assume joint author- 
ship. All mensural and statistical treatments have been done by Mittle- 
man, but the conclusions expressed herein, as well as the new names 
proposed, have been authored jointly. 

A study of 65 post-metamorphic and 166 larval specimens of Ascaphus, 
from all parts of the range of this species, indicates that it is composed 
of three vicarious races: the typical form, occurring in western Oregon 
and Washington; another race occupying the Northern Rocky Mountain 
Province in Idaho, Montana, and adjacent British Columbia; a third 
race restricted to a few counties in northern California. The differences 
among these three races are quantitative and/or meristic, and although 
in some cases they are slight in terms of absolute quantities, they are 
nonetheless of such a constant nature as to permit the positive separation 
of 88% of the post-metamorphic specimens studied. No qualitative 
differences have been found among the populations studied, nor do color 
_ or pattern provide useful dichotomous characters. 


The distinguishing unitary traits of the three races are the number 
of vomerine teeth, and the relative dimensions of the eye and head 
width. No ontogenetic or sexual variations have been found im these 
characters, so that all tabulations and comparisons are made on the 
basis of post-metamorphic specimens of all ages and of both sexes. 


Mittleman—Geographic Variation in the Ribbed Frog 59 


VOMERINE TEETH 


The vomerine teeth in Ascaphus truei vary from 1 to 17 per series. 
There is, as in most amphibians, a considerable variation in the number 
of teeth per series in individuals, e.g., there is often a considerable 
discrepancy in the number of teeth on one side, as compared to the 
other. Thus, in order to facilitate comparisons between individuals and 
populations, the tooth counts of both sides have been combined to yield 
a single count reflecting the total number of vomerine teeth in the 
specimen. The full range of variation in the combined vomerine counts 
of 52 post-metamorphic Ascaphus from all parts of the range of this 
species is as follows: 


23456789 10111213 1415161718 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 N 
Peenaaos 2 Ss Fs 5°22 °2 51 7 i 52 


Combined Vomerines 


Examination of 13 adult specimens of Ascaphus truei from western 
Washington and Oregon shows that the combined vomerine counts vary 
from 8 to 30. Nine specimens from various southern British Columbia 
localities have a range of 8 to 21 teeth, while in 13 specimens from 
Idaho and Montana the spread is from $ to 22. No significant statistical 
differences exist between any of these populations so far as the vomerine 
count is concerned. However, in 17 adult specimens from northern 
California, the combined vomerine count is much lower, as is also the 
range of variation, the observed spread being 2 to 8 teeth per specimen. 
The combined vomerine count is 7 or less in 16 out of 17 Californian 
specimens, but is 8 or more in all 35 specimens from Oregon, Washing- 
ton, British Columbia, Idaho, and Montana. Hence, 51 specimens out 
of 52 (= 98%) can be identified as to a Californian or non-Californian 
provenance on the basis of the vomerine count alone. A chi-square 
value of 47.5 attests to the highly significant association between the 
combined vomerine count and geographic origin in these samples. 


RELATIVE SIZE OF THE EYE 


The diameter of the eye has been taken as the horizontal distance be- 
tween the anterior and posterior junctures of the lids. Measurements 
were made with a vernier caliper under low-power (17X) binocular 
magnification. The ratio of the horizontal diameter of the eye to the 
snout-vent length (hereafter referred to as the eye/SV ratio) shows a 
small absolute variation, being in 60 specimens of Ascaphus from all 
parts of the range, as follows: 


f eye/SV ratio (%) 


3 10.00 - 10.99 
14 11.00 - 11.99 
13 12.00 - 12.99 
12 13.00 - 13.99 
13 14.00 - 14.99 

9) 15.00 - 15.99 


60 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


As in the case of the vomerine counts, the eye/SV ratios show certain 
geographic variations. Thus, the 13 Oregon-Washington specimens vary 
from 11.2 to 13.0%; the British Columbia series shows a variation of 
10.44 to 13.60%, while 14 specimens from Idaho and Montana show a 
range of 10.7 to 13.4%. The California population is again distinctive 
by virtue of having a proportionately larger eye, since the eye /SV ratio 
in 24 specimens varies from 12.5 to 15.9%. In 23 out of the 24 Cali- 
fornian specimens the eye/SV ratio is 13.6% or more, while in 35 speci- 
mens out of 36 from other areas this critical ratio is 13.5% or less. 
Thus, 58 out of 60 specimens (= 96%) can be identified as to a Cali- 
fornian or non-Californian origin on the basis of the eye/SV ratio. 

However, the non Californian specimens are not themselves homo- 
geneous with respect to their eye/SV ratios. Although there is no per- 
ceptible difference between specimens from Oregon and Washington in 
the relative size of the eye, there is a discernable and significant trend 
toward a higher eye/SV ratio in specimens from Idaho, Montana, and 
British Columbia. Oregon and Washington specimens have ratios varying 
from 11.2 to 13.0%, with 10 out of 13 specimens from these states hav- 
ing ratios of 11.85% or less. In specimens from Idaho, Montana, and 
British Columbia the eye/SV ratio ranges from 10.44 to 13.60%, with 
16 specimens out of 23 having a ratio higher than 11.85% (12.31% or 
more). A total of 26 specimens out of 36 (= 72%) in these two samples 
can be correctly separated as to their geographic provenance on the 
basis of the eye/SV ratio. The observed differences in the eye/SV 
ratios of these two populations are statistically significant (chi-square = 
7.19). 


RELATIVE HEAD WIDTH 


The width of the head has been measured at the point of greatest 
breadth, immediately behind the eyes. Measurements were taken with 
a vernier caliper under 17X binocular magnification. . The ratio of the 
head width to the snout-vent length (hereafter referred to as the HW/SV 
ratio) shows a moderate absolute variation, ranging from 32.5 to 42.6%, 
as follows: 


HW/SV ratio (%) 


32.00 - 32.99 
33.00 - 33.99 
34.00 - 34.99 
35.00 - 35.99 
36.00 - 36.99 
37.00 - 37.99 
38.00 - 38.99 
39.00 - 39.99 
40.00 - 40.99 
41.00 - 41.99 
42.00 - 42.99 


mocMaNnwacnisy &% | ™ 


N = 60 


Each of the various samples discussed heretofore has a characteristic 
range of variation in its HW/SV ratio. Thus, Oregon-Washington 
specimens show a range of 32.5 to 39.4%, while British Columbia speci- 


Mittleman—Geographic Variation in the Ribbed Frog 61 


mens vary from 33.4 to 37.7%, and the Idaho-Montana samples show a 
spread of 34.2 to 39.4%. California specimens are again distinctive 
by virtue of having a relatively wider head, the range of the HW/SV 
ratio being 38.4 to 42.6%. 

Despite apparently broad overlaps in the HW/SV ratios of the various 
samples, there are actually very significant differences in the relative 
head widths of the populations involved. Hence, 23 out of 24 California 
specimens have HW/SV ratios of 39.0% or more, while in 34 out of 36 
non-Californian specimens the HW/SV ratio is 38.7% or less. These 
critical ratios will separate 57 specimens out of 60 ( = 95%), as to a 
Californian or non-Californian origin. A chi-square value of 47.4 
attests to the highly significant association between geographic prove- 
nance and proportionate head width. 

In a similar vein, it is found that 11 out of 13 Oregon-Washington 
specimens have an HW/SV ratio of 35.2% or less, while 18 out of 23 
specimens from Idaho, Montana, and British Columbia have ratios of 
35.6% or more. Again, with 29 specimens out of 36 ( = 80.5%) being 
geographically identifiable on the basis of their HW/SV ratios, the 
significant association between this ratio and geographic origin is re- 
affirmed (chi-square = 13.3). 


LARVAE 


Despite the differences existing among the several populations of 
Ascaphus truei, as discussed heretofore, the larvae are remarkably stable 
in size, proportions, color, pattern, and tooth-row counts. In fact, it has 
not been possible to determine any dichotomous differences in tadpoles 
from widely separated parts of the range of the species (sensu lato). 

Authors who have had occasion to discuss the larvae of Ascaphus truet 
have described the tooth rows as being 3/10, except Smith (1932: 100), 
who reports a specimen from St. Regis Pass, Montana as having the 
tooth rows 3/9. Careful study of 123 larvae from all parts of the range 
of Ascaphus shows that the tooth count is either 3/11 or 3/12. The 
last lower rows, where they encroach on the lower (posterior) lip are 
exceedingly minute, and occasionally are imperfect. Nonetheless, careful 
examination under relatively low magnification (25.5X) will reveal these 
teeth. 

Counts of 11 or 12 lower tooth rows occur with approximately equal 
frequency throughout the range of Ascaphus, as will be seen in the 
following tabulation: 


Lower Tooth Rows 


Locality Ht 12 Total 
Galion, 005732 e 9 21 
AW aswinetony 0S. Py eek ey We 0 6 
PRTC Mie sr Se Oe | 0 1 
Montana’; is, See 2a J 33 39 72 
British. Columbia, 2). . 10 us 23 

62 61 123 


There is no perceptible correlation or association between tooth-row 
counts and size in Ascaphus larvae. The full range of size variation 
(overall length, snout to tip of tail) observed in larvae is from 15 mm. 


62 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


(Park Creek, Glacier National Park, Mont.), to 60 mm. (Ole Creek, 
Glacier National Park). 


From our studies of the several populations discussed here, we con- 
clude that Ascaphus truei is a polytypic species composed of three an- 
nectant, vicarious races. The population inhabiting the northern parts 
of the Cascade-Sierra Province and the Pacific Border Province in 
Oregon and Washington is indistinguishable from Stejneger’s type of 
truet (USNM 25979, Humptulips, Grays Harbor Co., Wash.), whereas 
the population occurring in the southern parts of these Provinces (in 
Del Norte, Siskiyou and Humboldt counties, Calif.) is markedly different, 
as is also the form which ranges through the Northern Rocky Mountains 
Province in Idaho, Montana (probably also extreme eastern Oregon and 
Washington), and adjacent British Columbia. Accordingly, we restrict 
the name truei to the western Oregon-Washington population, and pro- 
pose that the other two forms be recognized as subspecies. Our defini- 
tion of truei, and descriptions of the two new races follow. 


Ascaphus truei truei Stejneger 


1899 Ascaphus truei Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 21: 900, pl. 39. 
Type locality: Humptulips, Grays Harbor (formerly Chehalis) 
County, Wash.; Dickerson, 1906, Frog Book, p. 51; Van Den- 
burgh, 1912, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4 (3): 259; Camp, 1917, 
Copeia: 13; Stejneger and Barbour, 1917, Check-list N. Amer. 
Amph. Rept., p. 25; ibid.,.ed. 2, 1923, p. 22; ibid., ed. 3, 1933, 
p. 25 (part.); ibid., ed. 4, 1939, p. 28 (part.); ibid., ed. 5, 1943, 
p. 36 (part.); Gaige, 1920, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 84: 
1; Van Winkle, 1922, Copeia: 4; Noble, 1922, Copeia: 4; Storer, 
1925, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 27: 143 (part.); Slevin, 1928, 
Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 16: 79 (part.); Slater, 1931, Copeia: 
62; Noble and Putnam, 1931, Copeia: 97; Svihla and Svihla, 
1932, Copeia: 38; Svihla and Svihla, 1933, Coneia: 37; A. Svihla, 
1933, Copeia: 39; Wright and Wright, 1933, Handbook of Frogs 
and Toads, p. 36 (part.); ibid., ed. 2, 1942, p. 44 (part.); Slater, 
1934, Copeia: 140; Graf, Jewett, and Gordon, 1939, Copeia: 102. 


Diagnosis: Combined vomerines 8-30; eye/SV ratio 11.2-13.0% (11.85% 
or less in 77% of specimens); HW/SV ratio 32.5-39.4% (35.2% or less 
in 85% of specimens). 

Range: Oregon and Washington, in the Cascade-Sierra and Pacific 
Border Provinces. 

Specimens studied: 48, as follows: 


OREGON 
Curry County: N. side of Rogue River, 11. mi. above mouth 
(MVZ2 17162). 
Klamath County: Castle Creek, Crater Lake Nat. Pk. (SU 3920); 
Copeland Creek, Crater Lake Nat. Pk. (USNM 95230-1); Bybee 
Creek, Crater Lake Nat. Pk. (USNM 95226-9). 


2Abbreviations for collections: MVZ = Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: SU = 
Natural History Museum, Stanford University; USM = United States National 
Museum; CNHM = Chirago Natural History Museum: CAS = California 
Academy of Sciences; PMBC = Provincial Museum of British Columbia; ROMZ 
= Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology. 


Mittleman—Geographic Variation in the Ribbed Frog 63 


WASHINGTON 
Chelan County: Icicle Creek (USNM 103708; 3 spec.). 
Clallam County:Olympie Hot Springs (CNHM 27117-8). 
Grays Harbor County: Humptulips (USNM 25979, TYPE). 
Jefferson County: Mt. Steel (USNM 63387); Dosewallips River 
(USNM 64345). 
Lewis County: Tilton River (CNHM 27119; 2 spec.). 
Mason County: Staircase Camp (MVZ 8497-8); McTaggart Creek 
(USNM 67121-3; 63388-90); Laundry Creek (USNM 67120). 
Pierce County: Mt. Rainier (USNM 62434, 62436, 62438, 62450) ; 
Tacoma Creek (USNM 104423-4); Stevens Creek (USNM 
104425); Nickel Creek (USNM 104426). 

Snohomish County: No locality (CNHM 41298; 2 spec.). 

Yakima County: Outlet of Dewy Lake, S. of Naches Pass (SU 
9285-7). 

No specific locality: ‘‘Western Washington’? (SU 3091-5, 3761; 
3 spec.). 


Ascaphus truei californicus, n. ssp. 


1917 Ascaphus truei Grinnell and Camp, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 17: 
140; Stejneger and Barbour, 1923, Check-list N. Amer. Amph. 
Rept., p. 22 (part.); ibid., ed. 3, 1933, p. 25 (part.); ibid., ed. 
4, 1939, p. 28 (part.); ibid., ed. 5, 1943, p. 36 (part.); Storer, 
1925, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 27: 143 (part.); Slevin, 1928, 
Oce. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 16: 79 (part.); Myers, 1931, Copeia: 
56; Wright and Wright, 1933, Handbook Frogs and Toads, p. 
36 (part.); ibid., ed. 2, 1942, p. 44 (part.); Shapovalov, 1937, 
Copeia: 234; Wood, 1939, Copeia: 110; Myers, 1943, Copeia: 126, 

Diagnosis: Combined vomerines 2-8 (7 or less in 94% of specimens) ; 

eye/SV ratio 12.5-15.9% (13.6% or more in 96% of specimens) ; 

HW/SV ratio 38.4 to 42.6% (39.0% or more in 96% of specimens). 

Range: Del Norte, Humboldt, and Siskiyou counties, California. 

Holotype: MVZ 19142 @, near Klamath, Del Norte County, Calif; 

collected by W. F. Wood, November 4, 1933. 

Paratypes: See list of specimens studied. 

Specimens studied: 50, as follows: 

CALIFORNIA 

Del Norte County: Klamath (CNHM 31909); Wilson Creek, near 
Klamath (CNHM 31912); tributary of Wilson Creek, 8.5 mi. N. 
of Klamath (MVZ 29790-3, 29795, 29797-8, 29801-3); 8 mi. NE 
of Crescent City (CAS 80135). 

Humboldt County: Ascaphus Creek, 0.5 mi. N. of road to Holmes, 
on Redwood H’way (SU 7371-2, 7390-9); Prairie Creek, 11 mi. 
N. of Orick (CNHM 31910-11) ; 8.6 mi. N. of Weott (SU 4636-42) ; 
near Scotia (USNM 93779; 4 spec.); 10 mi. N. of Orick (CAS 
80159-62); 10 mi. W. of Orick (CAS 78812-3). 

Siskiyou County: French Creek (SU 2190); ‘‘Siskiyou Mts.’’ 
(USNM 45362); Mill Creek Park (CAS 81297-300). 

Remarks: While it may seem strange that a political boundary, the 

California-Oregon line, should separate two races (truei and califor- 

nicus), it should be pointed out that this particular political boundary 

is, to some extent, a biogeographical one as well. The Siskiyou Moun- 


64 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


tains and associated ranges, which rise along the state line, form a 
barrier which can be seen in the distribution of a number of animal 
populations. These mountains delimit the northern range of Batrachoseps 
and of Aneides flavipunctatus (see Myers and Maslin, 1948, Proce. Biol. 
Wash., 61: 127), and come very close to marking the division between 
the subspecies of Bufo boreas and Rana aurora. It may be noted that 
these mountains limit the southward extension of Rana pretiosa (west 
of the Cascade-Sierra range), and the northward extension of Scaphiopus 
in the Sacramento Valley. In addition, this natural barrier seems to 
mark a subspecies boundary in Triturus granulosus, and T. rivularis is 
not known to pentrate it from the south. 


Ascaphus truei montanus, n. ssp. 


1932 Ascaphus truei Smith, Copeia: 100; Stejneger and Barbour, 1933, 
Check-list N. Amer. Amph. Rept., p. 25 (part.) ; ibid., ed. 4, 1939, 
p. 23 (part.); ibid., ed. 5, 1943, p. 36 (part.); Wright and 
Wright, 1933, Handbook Frogs and Toads, p. 36 (part.); ibid., 
ed. 2, 1942, p. 44 (part.); Linsdale, 1933, Copeia: 223; Donald- 
son, 1934, Copeia: 184; Ricker and Logier, 1935, Copeia: 46; 
Slater, 1941, Occ. Pap. Coll. Puget Sound, 14: 85; Rogers and 
Jellison, 1942, Copeia: 10; Slipp and Carl, 1943, Copeia: 127; 
Carl and Cowan, 1945, Copeia: 52. 

Diagnosis: Combined vomerines 8-22; eye/SV ratio 10.44-13.60% 

(12.31-13.60% in 70% of specimens); HW/SV ratio 33.4-39.4% 

(35.6 — 38.6% in 74% of specimens). 

Range: The Northern Rocky Mountains Province in Idaho, western 

Montana, probably extreme eastern Oregon and Washington, and 

adjacent British Columbia. 

Holotype: USNM 102505 64, tributary of Lincoln Creek, Glacier Na- 

tional Park, Flathead County, Montana; collected by Leonard P. Schultz. 

Paratypes: See list of specimens studied. 

Specimens studied: 122, as follows: 


IDAHO 
Adams County: 0.5 mi. E. of Black Lake, 6000 ft. (MVZ 12340-3; 
12345). 
Benewah County: East Fork of Charley Creek, near Emida (CNHM 
43583). 
Washington County: 1.0 mi. NE of Heath, on SW slope of Cuddy 
Mt., 4000 ft. (MVZ 12344, 12336). 
MONTANA 
Flathead County: Midvale Creek, near Glacier Nat. Pk. (Univ. 
Wash., 2 spec.); Tributary to Lincoln Creek, Glacier Nat. Pk. 
(USNM 102506-7); Hidden Lake, Glacier Nat. Pk. (USNM 
102503); Lake Evangeline, Glacier Nat. Pk. (USNM 102508-9) ; 
Coal Creek, Glacier Nat. Pk. (USNM 102510-11; 30 spec.); Ole 
Creek, Glacier Nat. Pk. (USNM 102512; 12 spec.); Park Creek, 
Glacier Nat. Pk. (USNM 102514; 55 spec.); Dutch Creek Nat. 
Pk. (USNM 102513; 16 spec.); Muir Creek, Glacier Nat. Pk. 
(USNM 102504). 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 
Cascade Creek, 5 mi. NW of Hatzie (PMBC 634, 692); Cultus 


Mititleman—Geographic Variation in the Ribbed Frog 65 


Lake, Fraser River Valley District (ROMZ 5382-5; 5391-6; 
5389-90; 5497, 4 spec.; 5399-5409; 3459; 7194-8). 
Also, three additional specimens from southern British Columbia, 
to be reported by Dr. G. Clifford Carl. 
The following key to the races of Ascaphus truei will correctly iden- 
tify 85% of the post-metamorphic specimens seen: 


Key to the Races of Ascaphus truet 


1. Eye/SV ratio 13.6% or more; combined vomerine count 7 or less. 
Del Norte, Humboldt, and Siskiyou counties, California. 
re Wh sg oe EAS eR Te Ascaphus truei californicus, n. ssp. 

Eye/SV ratio 13.5% or less; combined vomerine count 8 or more. 
Provenance. nwon-Cantormiran, tk ee 2 

2. Eye/SV ratio 11.85% or less; HW/SV ratio 35.2% or less. Oregon 
and Washington, in the Cascade-Sierra and Pacific Border 
Provinces. 

SARS ATM BOWE ER iN ak Ascaphus truei truei Stejneger 
Eye/SV ratio 12.31-13.50%; HW/SV ratio 35.6-38.6%. Northern 

Rocky Mountains Province in Idaho, western Montana, 

adjacent British Columbia, and probably extreme Wash- 

ington and Oregon. 

at nce A es eee Soa ni kena ee _Ascaphus truei montanus, n. ssp. 


Acknowledgements 


For the loan of specimens, and for extending the use of various 
facilities, we are indebted to Drs. Doris M. Cochran and Waldo L. 
Schmitt, of the U. S. National Museum; Dr. G. Clifford Carl, of the 
Provincial Museum of British Columbia; Dr. Lauren Donaldson, of the 
University of Washington; Dr. Robert C. Stebbens, of the Museum of 
Vertebrate Zoology; Mr. E. B. S. Logier, of the Royal Ontario Museum 
of Zoology; Mr. Joseph R. Slevin, of the California Academy of © 
Sciences; and Messrs. Clifford H. Pope and Robert F. Inger, of the 
Chicago Natural History Museum. Miss Ruth Breiger lent aid in the 
collation of data on certain specimens, for which we express our 
gratitude. 


Literature Cited 


Boulenger, G. A. 
1882 Catalogue of the batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the col- 
lection of the British Museum. London: printed by order of 
the Trustees. pp. 503, pls. 1-30. 
1910 Les batraciens et principalement ceux d’Europe. Paris. pp. 305. 
Fitzinger, L. J. 
1861 Eine neve Batrachier-Gattung aus Neu-Seeland. Verhandl. k. k. 
zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 11: 217-220, pl. 6. 
Gaige, H. T. 
1920 Observations upon the habits of Ascaphus truei Stejneger. Occ. 
Pap. Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool., 84: 1-9, pl. 1. 
Myers, G. S. 
1931 Ascaphus truei in Humboldt County, California, with a note on 
the habits of the tadpole. Copeia: 56-57. 


66 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


1943 Notes on Rhyacotriton olympicus and Ascaphus truei in Hum- 
boldt County, California. Copeia: 125: 125-126. 

and Carvalho, A. L. de 

1945 Notes on some new or little-known Brazilian amphibians, with 
an examination of the history of the Plata salamander, Hn- 
satina platensis. Bol. Mus. Nac., n. s., zool., 35: 1-24, figs. 1-18. 

and Maslin, T. Paul 

1948 The California plethodont salamander, Aneides flavipunctatus 
(Strauch), with description of a new subspecies and notes on 
other western Aneides. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 61: 127-138. 

Noble, G. Kingsley 

1922 [Editorial note on Ascaphus truei.] Copeia, 102: 6. 

and Putnam, G. Phillipps 

1931 Observations on the life-history of Ascaphus truei Stejneger. 
Copeia: 97-101. 

1931 The biology of the amphibia. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 
xiii + 577, figs. 1-174, frontis. 

Slevin, J. R. 
1928 The amphibians of western North America. Occ. Pap. Calif. 
Acad. Sei., 16: 5-144, pls. 1-23. 
Smith, H. M. 
1932 Ascaphus truei Stejneger in Montana. Copeia: 100. 
Steindachner, F. 

1867 Amphibien. In: Reise der Oesterreichischen fregatte ‘‘ Novara’’ 
um die Erde ... ete. Wissensch. Theil, Zool. Theil, voi. 1, 
pp. 70, 5 pls. 

Stejneger, L. H. 

1899 Description of a new genus and species of discoglossoid toad 
from North America. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 21: 899-901, 
figs. 1-4, pl. 89. 

1905 Résumé of geographical distribution of the discoglossoid 
toads. Bull. Am. Geog. Soc., 37: 91-93. 

Storer, T. I. 

1925 A synopsis of the amphibia of California. Univ. Calif. Publ. 

Zool., 27: 1-342, 42 figs., pls. 1-18. - 
Van Denburgh, J. 

1912 Notes on Ascaphus, the discoglossoid toad of North America. 

Proe Calif. Acad. Sei., (4), 3: 259-264. 
Villiers, C. G. S. de 

1934 Studies of the cranial anatomy of Ascaphus truei Stejneger, 

the American ‘‘leiopelmid.’’ Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 13-38. 
Wright, A. A. and Wright, A. H. 

1933 Handbook of frogs and toads. Ithaca: Comstock Publ. Co., 
pp. xi + 231, pls. 1-82. 

1942 TIbid., ed. 2, pp. xi + 286, pls. 1-88. 


—— 35 John Alden Road, New Rochelle, N. Y., and Natural History 
Museum, Stanford University, California. 


‘ee, FF eS Plies 4 
“woth. 2° 5 i” so 
a) MOR ; ‘ : 
é ; a5 a 
eee) 
~ 


¢ Variation in the Ribbed Frog 67 


- 
Ny 
Ne, 
* 
4 
; 
, 
- y 7 
2 
cas i 2 
f * ‘ 
A. , 
* . 
. ise “ $ ‘ 
we f 7 pet 
iy PR ee & 
he oe : 
3 
7 ae | ; 
eS ° 
_ 
z ie 
ea » 


Pathe 
ae 


wey v i! 


ZA ADT HOF 7 > 
x» oie an 


ee a 
MAY 2 16S 


> 


Vol. 62, pp. 69-72 April 27, 1949 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL-SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW LOACH OF THE GENUS 
ACANTHOPHTHALMUS FROM SIAM 


By Rosert R. Harry 
_ Stanford University 


In his treatise of the freshwater fishes of Siam the late 
Dr. Hugh M. Smith (1945:300) described and figured certain 
specimens as Acanthophalmus kuhlu Cuvier & Valenciennes. 
These did not agree with this species, having a deeper body 
and broader and fewer bands. Fraser-Brunner (1947 :272) is 
of the opinion that these specimens represent a new Siam 
subspecies and places them as intermediate between A. 
kuhlu kuhlua Cuvier & Valenciennes and A. kuhlu sumatranus 
Fraser-Brunner, He further conjectured that these island 
forms evolved from it in two directions. 

Through the courtesy of Dr. Leonard P. Schultz of the 
United States National Museum four of the specimens in 
question (including the one figured by Smith) were for- 
warded to us. Our examination of this material appears to 
show them to be distinct from previously described forms, 
but most closely related to A. kuhlw. Dr. Schultz has kindly 
allowed the Stanford Museum to retain one specimen. 

Dr. George S. Myers brought my attention to this problem, 
and it was originally intended that he was to have been co- 
author. I wish to thank Dr. Myers, however, for reading the 
manuscript and for constructive criticism throughout. - 


Acanthophthaimus myersi new species 


HOLOTYPE: U.S.N.M. number 103300; 67.2 mm in standard length; 
collected at Nong Khor, S. E. Siam on February 11, 1927, by Hugh M. 
Smith. This specimen was figured by Smith (1945:300, fig. 62) as 
Acanthophthalmus kuhlii. 

PARATYPES: U.S.N.M. number 103300; 2 specimens 40.3 and 46.0 
mm. in standard length; same locality as above. Stanford University 
number 14888; 1 specimen 48.0 mm. in standard length; same locality 
as above. 

DIAGNOSIS: A deep bodied, compressed Acanthophthalmus with a 
basie color pattern agreeing with figure 1, e of Fraser-Brunner 
(1947:171). Head 6-7.5 in standard length. Pelvic fin origin slightly 


14—Proc. Biou. Soc. WASH., Vol. 62, 1949 (69) 


APR 28 1949 


70 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


behind middle of total length. Dorsal fin rays II,8. Origin of anal 
fin distinctly behind a vertical from posterior end ot dorsal base. 
Nine to 11 black transverse bands on body. 

DESCRIPTION: In the following description the measurements 
and counts are taken from all four types with those for the holotype 
given first, followed by the range of variation for the three para- 
types in parentheses. The measurements were made with a pair of 
fine-point dividers to the nearest tenth of a millimeter and divided 
into standard or head length as indicated. The fleshy skin at the 
bases of the fins was dissected away to make the counts. The last 
two closely applied rays in the dorsal and anal fins are counted as one. 

Body elongate, moderately compressed, that of the holotype strong- 
ly compressed and deep. Body depth 6.9 (7.0-7.2) in standard length. 
Caudal peduncle long, slightly tapering in depth, its least depth 
2.9 (2.1-2.4) in its length from end of dorsal base. Anus immediate- 
ly in advance of anal fin. 

Head moderately deep and compressed, 7.5 (6.0-7.0) in standard 
length. Snout steep, rounded before eye, 2.4 (1.9-2.7) in head length. 
Nostrils on each side close together, situated immediately before the 
eye. Anterior nostril with a raised tube, its underside pigmented, the 
opening inclined obliquely forward. Posterior nostril without a raised 
rim, half-moon shaped or oval. Interorbital strongly convex, its 
width 5.3 (5.0-6.1) in head. The two suborbital spines in a slit below 
eye, their bases inserted slightly before eye. Anterior spine small, 
its tip extending beyond posterior border of pupil. The larger prong 
terminates beyond posterior rim of eye. Mouth small, inferior, the 
maxillary not reaching to a vertical from anterior border of eye. 
Three pairs of barbels present, well developed: rostral pair close 
together near the apex of the snout; maxillary pair and mandibular 
pair near the angle of the gape. In holotype mandibular barhels 
slightly the longest; in paratypes barbel pairs approximately of equal 
length. Lips of mandible expanded into two well developed fleshy lobes 
on each side of symphysis. Eye small, before middle of head length, 
its diameter 9.0 (6.7-8.8) in head. Gill opening restricted, its width 
3.6 (3.4-4.1) in head, extending to opposite uppermost rays of pectoral 
fin. 

Scales excessively small, present on body and nape. Absent on head. 
Lateral line absent. 

Dorsal fin II,8 (II,8) on posterior third of body. Distance from 
tip of snout to dorsal origin 1.4 (1.3-1.5) in standard length. Distance 
from dorsal origin to pelvic origin 6.7 (6.6-8.1) in standard length. 
Distance from posterior end of dorsal base to a vertical from anal fin 
origin 4.5 (10.0-13.4) in head. Length of dorsal base 2.3 (1.1-2.8) in 
head. Anal fin II,7 (11,6 or 7). Length of anal base 2.7 (2.3-2.4) in 
head. Length of anal fin measured from origin to tip of longest ray 
1.3 (1.4-1.5) in head. Distance from anal fin origin to tip of snout 1.3 
(1.2-1.3) in standard length. Distance form pelvic fin origin to anal 
base 4.7 (4.8-5.0) in standard length. Pectoral fin 1,9 (1,9), its 
longest ray 1.3 (1.6-1.8) in head. Pelvie fin 1,5 (1,5), its length 2.0 (2.4- 
2.9) in head. Distance from tip of snout to pelvic fin organ 2.0 (1.6-1.7) 
in standard length. Caudal fin slightly lunate, 14 principal rays, its length 
8.0 (6.2-6.8) in standard length. 


Harry—New Loach of the Genus Acanthophthalmus 71 


MEASUREMENTS IN PERCENT OF STANDAED LENGTH: 
Length of head 13.3 (14.4-16.6) ; length of snout 5.7 (5.4-7.0) ; diameter 
of orbit 1.5 (1.7-2.5); width of interorbital 2.5 (2.7-3.0); width of gill 
opening 3.7 (3.5-5.0); greatest depth of body 14.6 (13.2-14.4); length 
of caudal peduncle from end of dorsal base to mid-base of caudal fin 
25.3 (21.7-23.3); least depth of caudal peduncle 8.8 (9.8-10.2); distance 
from snout to dorsal origin 70.8 (71.3-76.7); distance from pelvic 
origin to a vertical from dorsal origin 14.9 (12.4-15.2); distance from 
end of dorsal base to a vertical from anal fin 3.0 (1.2-1.5); length 
from dorsal origin to tip of longest depressed ray 10.3 (10.9-12.5) ; 
distance from snout to anal 76.6 (77.1-81.9); distance from pelvic 
origin to anal 21.4 (20.0-20.8); length of anal base 4.9 (6.3-7.0); 
length from anal origin to tip of longest depressed ray 10.1 (10.4-11.2); 
length of longest pectoral ray 10.0 (8.7-9.5); distance from tip of snout 
to pelvic fin base 50.6 (56.5-61.3); length of pelvic fin 6.9 (5.6-6.0) ; 
length of caudal fin from mid-base of fin to tip of longest rays 12.5 
(14.7-16.2). 

COLORATION: Color pattern same as that of A. kuhlii in the holo- 
type and A. sumatranus in the paratypes, but significantly differs from 
both species in fewer body bands and by lacking the lighter coloration 
at the middle of each band, which is characteristic of the other two 
species. Broad transverse bands (in life colors black, according to 
Smith) alternate with narrow light bands (in life colors red, according 
to Smith). These bands extend well down the side to the belly. Three 
dark bands are present on the head, 9-11 on the body (in the holotype 
11 on the left, 16 on the right side), and one large darker band on the 
caudal fin. Belly and throat light, yellowish in aleohol specimens. 

The dark body bands in the paratypes do not extend as far down the 
sides as in the holotype and are more irregular in outline, approaching 
A. semicinctus in this respect. It would appear that the bands become 
more complete ventrally with age. 

DISCUSSION OF RELATIONSHIPS: The Cobitid loaches of the 
genus Acanthophthalmus related to A. kuhlii have been the subject of 
a recent study by Fraser-Brunner (1940). His review revealed that 
several forms had been confused as the actually very rare kuhlit. He 
Tecognized four forms: A. shelfordi (Popta) from Borneo, semicinctus 
Fraser-Brunner from the Malay Peninsula, kuhlii kuhlii Cuvier & Valen- 
ciennes from Java, and kuhlii sumatranus from Borneo. The two sub- 
species are recognized from a single example from each locality. Con- 
sidering the difficulty of pursuing a problem of subspeciation on the 
basis of so few examples, I am inclined to accept Fraser-Brunner’s 
subspecies as full species until further investigations show that these 
forms intergrade. Fraser-Brunner’s basic divisions in his key to dif- 
ferentiate shelfordi and semicinctus from kuhlii are apparently invalid. 
Specifie variation in semicinctus alone overlaps in all the characteristics 
he used. In addition, the head length of 8 for kuhlit and sumatranus 
does not agree with his illustrations of the species, which show it as ap- 
proximately 6.5 times in standard length. Neither are the pelvic fins 
shown in the latter two species as far behind the middle of the total 
length as would be expected from the key. The color pattern differences 
are the only characters evident that will sufficiently differentiate the 
several forms. 


72 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


The closest relatives of A. myersi appear to be khulii, sumatranus and 
semicinctus. It is similar to the first two forms in the number of dorsal 
rays (11,7 or 8), the number of anal rays (II, 6 or 7), in the position of 
the pelvic fin which ig somewhat behind the middle of the standard 
length, in the relation of the anal origin to the dorsal base (anal fin 
commencing distinctly behind end of dorsal), and in basie color pattern 
(parallel bands of body in a single series, extending well down the side). 
It can be differentiated from them by greatest depth (6.9-7.2 in myersi 
versus 8-9 in Kuhlii and suwmatranus), in distance from pelvic origin to 
anal origin (4.7-5.0 versus 4.0-4.3 in standard length), in head length 
(6.0-7.5 versus 8?), by the number of vertical bands on the body ex- 
clusive of the head (9-11 versus 12-17) and by the coloration of the 
bands (Body bands not normally divided in the middle [divided on one 
band on the holotype only] and never paler in the center than at the 
edges, versus bands paler in the center than at the edges or are distinctly 
paired). 

A, myersi is separated from semicinctus by the number of dorsal rays 
(II,8 versus II,6 or 7), and by differences of coloration (parallel bands 
extending down the sides, lacking a median light saddle on any of the 
bands versus tapering patches confined to the upper part of the body 
and generally a median light saddle on every band). 

This species is named Acanthophthalmus myersi in honor of Prof. 
George Sprague Myers of Stanford University in appreciation of his 
interest and research on Indo-Malayan fishes. 


Literature Cited 


Fraser-Brunner, A. 

1940 On some fishes of the genus Acanthophthalmus, with description 
of a new species. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 11, vol. 6, pp. 
170-175, figs. 1-4. 

1947 The loaches of the genus Acanthophthalmus. Aquarium (Phila- 
delphia), vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 271-273, figs. 1-3. 

Smith, Hugh McCormick 

1945 The fresh-water fishes of Siam, or Thailand. Bull. U. S. Nat. 

Mus., vol. 188, pp. i-xi, 1-622, pls. 1-9, text-figs. 1-107. 


Vv “lh , 
| \; ) > Ay zg $65 
307 ~Seona muses 
Vol. 62, pp. 73-76 April 27, 1949 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


ON A COLLECTION OF SEA-STARS FROM THE 
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 


By AustTIn H. CLARK! 


The American Museum of Natural History, New York, 
through Mr. John C. Armstrong, has recently submitted to 
me for study a collection of sea-stars made by Dr. Willard G. 
Van Name and Mr. G. R. Oesch in the Gulf of Davao, south- 
eastern Mindanao, in 1936 and 1937. I am deeply indebted 
to the American Museum and to Mr. Armstrong for the privi- 
lege of studying this interesting collection. 

Although there are many records of sea-stars from the 
Philippines, most of them are without definite locality or 
other data. On May 18, 1908, the Bureau of Fisheries steamer 
Albatross made a number of dredge hauls in the Gulf of 
Davao at six of which, in from 18 to 28 fathoms, sea-stars 
were found. In his memoir on the sea-stars of the Philippines 
published in 1919 (1) Dr. Walter K. Fisher listed from these 
stations Protoreaster nodosus, Pentaceraster alveolatus, 
Fromia japonica, Nardoa squamulosa, Ophidiaster fuscus, 
Othilia luzonica and Retaster insignis. 

All these species presumably occur in shallow water along 
the shore, but only Protoreaster nodosus and Othilia luzonca 
are represented in the present collection. All but Retaster 
insignis have been taken in shore collecting at Port Galera, 
Mindoro. 

In his memoir on the echinoderms of Torres Strait pub- 
lished in 1921 (2) Dr. Hubert Lyman Clark mentioned sev- 
eral littoral sea-stars from the Philippines, but the only de- 
finite records were: Nardoa pauciforis, Bantayan reef, Cebu; 
Nardoa novaecaledoniae, Nardoa tuberculata, and Levtaster 
speciosus, Port Galera, Mindoro; and Bunaster lithodes, Apo 
reef, Mindoro. 

Drs. José S$. Domantay and Hilario A. Roxas in 1938 (8) 
published a list of littoral sea-stars from Port Galera bay in 
northern Mindoro. This list includes 50 species, but of these 


1Published with the permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 


15—Proc. Brow. Soc. WASH., Vou. 62, 1949 (73) 


APR 28 1999 


a 


74 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


12 are synonyms or varieties. Their Linckia multifora from 
the figures they give appears to be L. laevigata. A new species, 
Hippasteria philippinensis, is undoubtedly the young of Cul- 
clita novaeguineae. They did not include Leiaster speciosus 
from Port Galera listed by Dr. H. L. Clark, or Bunaster lth- 
odes from Apo reef, 

Although the list of Domantay and Roxas includes 38 
species, and the present list only 17, Dr. Van Name and Mr. 
Oesch secured no less than seven species not found by them. 
These seven species are: Goniodiscus forficulatus, Ophidiaster 
lioderma, Ophidiaster pustulatus, Astervna coronata coronata, 
Asterina cephea, Valvaster striatus, and Mithrodia clacigera. 


ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 
ARCHASTERIDAE 
Archaster typicus Muller and Troschel 


Localities —Padada Beach, Gulf of Davao, Mindanao; G. R. Oesch, 
April 5, 12, May 2, 3, 1936 (5+ specimens). 

Mouth of the Padada River; G. R. Oesch, June 23, 24, 1936 (2 speci- 
mens). 

Notes.—The size ranges from R=48 mm. to R= 22 mm. In the 
largest specimen one arm forks half way to the tip, the two branches 
diverging in almost a straight line. 


GONIASTERIDAE 
Goniodisecaster forficulatus (Perrier) 


Locality—Padada Beach; G. R. Oesch, June 20, 19386 (1 specimen). 
Note.—This specimen is very small, R=11 mm., r=4 mm. 


OREASTERIDAE 
Protoreaster nodosus (Linné) 


Localities—About 1.5 miles from the Paloda River, Gulf of Davao, 
near Mangrove Island; Dr. W. G. Van Name (2 specimens). 

Stony beach just south of Santa Cruz, Gulf of Davao; Dr. W. G. 
Van Name, November 7, 1937 (2 specimens). 

Notes.—The specimens from near Mangrove Island in life were light 
yellow with the tubercles and tips of the rays brown. They measured 
R= 68 mm. and R= 60 mm. Dr. Van Name said that some individuals 
are redder, and some brick or rich red. 

One of the specimens from near Santa Cruz with R=90 mm. was 
yellowish, becoming warm brown on the tubercles and toward the tips 
of the arms; the oral side was wholly yellowish. The other, with R = 80 
mm., was mostly yellowish gray above, becoming warm brown on the 
spines and distal part of the arms, and yellowish below. 


LINCKIIDAE 
Fromia elegans H. L. Clark 


Locality—Puerto Galera, northern end of Mindoro; Dr. W. G. Van 
Name, October 1937 (3 specimens). 


Clark—Sea-Stars from the Philippine Islands 75 


Notes.—The specimens measured R= 48 mm., r=10 mm.; R= 46 
mm., r—10 mm., and R= 45 mm., r=9 mm. The color in life was 
bright red. 

This species was described by Dr. H. L. Clark from specimens from 
Mer, Murray Islands, Torres Strait. He gave the size of the type as 
R = 36-38 mm., r = 8.5 mm. (in life nearly 10 mm.). 

In 1938 Messrs. Domantay and Roxas recorded it from ‘‘ Port Galera 
Bay and other places’’ and noted that it was the most common species 
of Fromia found at the station. They gave the color as ‘‘body brick 
red with abactinal plates light brick red. Ambulacral, adambulacral, 
and furrow spines together with paxillae on oral side uniformly brick 
red.’’ . 

In 1946 Dr. Clark wrote that ‘‘This is an endemic [Australian] 
species so far as is yet known, and since it has been found at three 
widely separated points, it is probably pretty well distributed on the 
tropical coasts of Australia. It has not been found elsewhere, for 
although Domantay and Roxas (1938) record it from the Philippines, 
it is evident both from the figures given and from their description of 
the color in life that their specimens are different from the Australian 
species. ’’ 

The specimens at hand are certainly F. elegans. The figures given by 
Domantay and Roxas are rather vague, but there is nothing in them nor 
in their description to indicate that their determination was not correct. 


~ Nardoa tuberculata Gray 


Localities —Padada Beach; G. R. Oesch, March 8, May 9, 10, June 20, 
21, 1936 (22 specimens). 

Santa Cruz, Gulf of Davao; Dr. W. G. Van Name, November 21, 1937 
(5 specimens). 

Notes.—The specimens range in size from R= 70 mm. to R= 20 mm. 
One with R = 37 mm. is six-rayed. 


Linckia laevigata (Linné) 


Localities—Padada Beach; G. R. Oesch, March 8, May 9, 10, June 20, 
21, 25, 26, 28, July 6-19, 1936 (20 specimens). 

Reef of Digos, Gulf of Davao; Dr. W. G. Van Name, November 14, 
1937 (4 specimens). 

North of Paloda River, Gulf of Davao; Dr. W. G. Van Name, Novem- 
ber 6, 1937 (1 specimen). 

About 1.5 miles from the Paloda River, Gulf of Davao, near Mangrove 
Island; Dr. W. G. Van Name (1 specimen). 

Puerto Galera, northern end of Mindoro; Dr. W. G. Van Name, 
October 1937 (2 specimens). 

Notes.—Large specimens, R = 90 to 165 mm., are described as ‘‘ bright 
blue”? or ‘‘blue all over.’’ Two specimens with R = 75 mm. and 62 mm. 
were purplish in life. One with R= 16-45 mm. was dull red. One 
specimen from Padada Beach has three rays 33-27 mm. long and three 
small buds. 

Domantay and Roxas’ figures of Linckia multifora from Port (or 
Puerto) Galera appear to me to represent L. laevigata. They say that 
their two specimens of L. multifora had only a single madroporite, which 
would suggest that they were really L. laevigata. 


76 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Linckia multifora (Lamarck) 


Locality.—Padada Beach; G. R. Oesch, May 9, 10, 1936 (2 specimens). 
Notes.—In one of the specimens the rays are 27, 17, 17, 17, 15 mm. 
long; in the other they are 47, 37, 37, 32, 27 mm. long. 


Ophidiaster lioderma H. L. Clark 


Locality.—Padada Beach; G. R. Oesch, May 9, 10, 1936 (2 specimens). 
Note.—In one of the specimens R = 55 mm. 


Ophidiaster granifer Liitken 


Localities—Padada Beach; G. R. Oesch, March 8, June 5, 6, 20, 21, 
23, 24, June 28 to July 8, July 6-19, 1936 (20 specimens). 

Mouth of the Padada River; G. R. Oesch, June 23, 24, 1936 (94 speci- 
mens). 

About 1.5 miles from the Paloda River, Gulf of Davao, near Mangrove 
Island; Dr. W. G. Van Name (1 specimen). 

Reef of Digor, Gulf of Davao; Dr. W. G. Van Name, November 14, 
1937 (1 specimen). 

Santa Cruz, Gulf of Davao; Dr. W. G. Van Name, November 21, 1937 
(1 specimen). 

Notes.—The specimens range in size from R= 30 mm. to R= 12 mm. 
When dried this species usually has a characteristic broadly blotched 
light and dark grayish color. 


Ophidiaster pustulatus (von Martens) 


Locality.—Padada Beach; G. R. Oesch, July 6-19, 1936 (1 specimen). 

Notes—R= 37 mm. Pedicellariae with straight alveolae are rather 
numerous, occurring sometimes on every supermarginal beyond the first 
six or eight, and frequently elsewhere. 


ASTERINIDAE 
Asterina ecoronata coronata von Martens 


Localities —Padada Beach; G. R. Oesch, March 8, May 9, 10, June 20, 
21, 28, June 28 to July 8, 1936 (15 specimens). 

Mouth of the Padada River, Gulf of Davao; G. R. Oesch, June 23, 24, 
1936 (1 specimen). 

Reef of Digos, Gulf of Davao; Dr. W. G. Van Name, November 14, 
1937 (1 specimen). 

About 1.5 miles from the Paloda River, Gulf of Davao; Dr. W. G. Van 
Name (6 specimens). 

One kilometer north of Santa Cruz, Davao Gulf; Dr. W. G. Van Name, 
November 20, 1937 (1 specimen). 


Asterina cephea Miiller and Troschel 


Localities —Padada Beach; G. R. Oesch, March 8, June 20, 21, 25, 26, 
28, June 28 to July 8, July 6-19, 1936 (12 specimens). 

One kilometer north of Santa Cruz, Davao Gulf; Dr. W. G. Van Name, 
November 20, 1937 (1 specimen). 

Note.—Dr. Van Name’s specimen from north of Santa Cruz is stx- 
rayed. 


Clark—Sea-Stars from the Philippine Islands 77 


Patiriella exigua (Lamarck) 


Localities —Padada Beach; G. R. Oech, March 8, May 2, 3, 9, 10, June 
20, 21, 28, June 28 to July 8, July 6-19, 1936 (92 specimens). 

About 1.5 miles from the Paloda River, Gulf of Davao, near Mangrove 
Island; Dr. W. G. Van Name (6 specimens). 

Note.—One of the specimens from Padada Beach, March 8, 1936, is 
six-rayed. 


ECHINASTERIDAE 
Othilia luzonica Gray 


Locality—Padada Beach; G. R. Oesch, June 28 to July 8, 1936 (1 
specimen). 
Note.—The single specimen is six-rayed. 


ACANTHASTERIDAE 
Acanthaster planei (Linné) 


Locality.—One kilometer north of Santa Cruz, Gulf of D&vao; Dr. 
W. G. Van Name, November 20, 1937 (1 specimen). 

Notes.—This specimen has 13 rays 90 mm. long. In life the upper 
surface was gray with small purple dots, the spines brown. 


VALVASTERIDAE 
Valvaster striatus Perrier 


Locality.—Puerto Galera, northern end of Mindanao; Dr. W. G. Van 
Name, October 24, 1937 (1 specimen). 

Notes —R = 55 mm., r=17mm. The color in life was yellowish with 
brown markings, 


MITHRODIIDAE 
Mithrodia clavigera (Lamarck) 


Localities —Padada Beach; G. R. Oesch, July 6-19, 1936 (fragments). 

Santa Cruz, Gulf of Davao; Dr. W. G. Van Name, November 21, 
1937 (1 specimen). 

Note.—Dr. Van Name’s specimen from Santa Cruz is small, with 
R= 95 mm. 


REFERENCES 


1. FisHerR, WALTER K. Starfishes of the Philippine Islands. U.S. Na- 
tional Museum Bulletin 100, vol. 3, pp. i-xi, 1-712, pls. 1-156, 1919. 

2. CLARK, HuBert Lyman. The Echinoderm Fauna of Torres Strait: 
is Composition and its Origin. Department of Marine Biology of 
the Carnegie Institution of Washington, vol. 10, Publication No. 214, 
pp. i-viii, 1-223, pls. 1-38, January 3, 1921. 

3. Domanrtay, José S., and Hmario A. Roxas. The littoral Asteroidea 
of Port Galera Bay and Adjacent Waters. The Philippine Journal 
of Science, vol. 65, No. 3, pp. 203-237, pls. 1-17, March 1938. 


78 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


- 


, 
\ 
~ 
% 
ts, 
€ 
‘ 
‘ 
es 
‘ 
at 
ig 
a 


o é 


ADU ETO FP ry 
“Ws NOME 
3 


iM“ -0) ) V2 


Vol. 62, pp. 81-88 April 27, 1949 


\ tag 
2 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


THREE NEW SPECIES OF DIPLOPODA 
FROM VIRGINIA 


By RicuHarp L. HorrMAN 


Miller School of Biology, University of Virginia 
Collections of diplopods made in Virginia during the sum- 
mers of 1947 and 1948 include several new species, three of 
which are herein described. 


PARAIULIDAE 
Saiulus montanus, new species 
(Figures 5 & 6) 


Diagnosis.—A small member of the genus, characterized as follows: 
posterior gonopods of male large, as high as anterior, coxal portion of 
anterior much reduced; outer valves of female gonopods fused with 
operculum along lateral edge. 

Description of male holotype.—Width approximately 1.5 mm., length 
undetermined because of breakage; body with 51 segments, ventrolateral 
portion of each metazonite finely striate; anal valves inflated, large 
and somewhat protruding; spine of terminal segment large, strongly 
decurved, sharply pointed. 

Color very dark brown or black (in alcohol) with the caudal half of 
each metazonite light tan, producing a sharply ringed appearance; 
collum and head lighter brown, front of head fading into tan at the 
labrum, antennae black; legs yellowish-brown. 

Gonopds of the canadensis type, i.e., with the coxal elements of the 
anterior pair shorter than the femoral. Sternal plate small, its basal 
margin concave at the center, swept upwards toward the sides, distal 
margin produced into a triangular, distally rounded projection. Imme- 
diately laterad of the sternal plate are two small pyriform pieces, wide 
at their bases and tapering laterad, their ends bent proximal. Coxal 
plates broad at base, the outer basal portion set off by a conspicuous 
oblique groove; the inner, produced portion with a large mesial shoulder; 
the plate distally rounded. Femoral plates thin, upright pieces, three 
times as high as long, distally setose, the rear margin of each produced 
at about midlength into a small arm which projects caudomesiad and 
overlaps the posterior gonopods. Posterior pair of gonopods strongly 
chitinous, flattened, lamellae, as broad and high as the femora of the 
anterior pair, and distally crenulate. <A single, clavate, structure projects 
distad in front of the posterior gonopods. See figure 6 for gonopods 
drawn in cephalic aspect. 

Description of female allotype-——Width approximately 1.8 mm., length 
undetermined due to breakage; body with 52 segments. Color and other 
features much as in the male. 


16—Proc. Bron. Soc. WAsH., Vou. 62, 1949 (81) 


APR 228 1949 


82 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Female gonopods of the same type as those figured by Brolemann 
(1922: fig. 32) for Saiulus immaculatus, differing however, and distinct 
in the following characters: operculum relatively smaller in comparison 
with other parts, its caudal portion with a conspicuous, short indentation ; 
outer valve smaller, its distal portion directed mesiad, the lateral edge 
fused with the operculum at about the same level as the point of fusion 
of the mesial edge with the inner valve. 

Type specimens.—Male holotype, female allotype, and male paratype 
in the U. S. National Museum, No. 1847, collected on July 1, 1947. 

Type locality—Mount Rogers, Grayson County, Virginia, at an eleva- 
tion of 5000 feet. The specimens were found beneath a board in a small 
grassy field, with the surrounding forest chiefly hemlock (Tsuga ssp.), 
maple (Acer pennsylvanicum), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipfera), 
and redbud (Cercis canadensis). Millipeds associated with the paraiulids 
were Spirostrephon lactarium (Say) and Pseudopolydesmus serratus 
(Say). 

Distribution.—In addition to the type locality, Saiulus montanus has 
been found only at Mountain Lake, Giles County, Virginia, where several 
males and females (R.L.H. no. 108) were obtained at Castle Rock, west 
of the Biological Station, by members of the Arthropods class on July 
20, 1947, and transmitted to me by Dr. Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. This 
locality is at about 4000 feet elevation, and in the same biotic province 
(Canadian) as is Mount Rogers. 

Remarks.—Apparently Saiulus is a genus with boreal affinities, wide- 
spread in northern United States, but confined, in more southern lati- 
tudes, to high elevations. Another, rather different, species—S. fumans 
Chamberlin (1943:10)—has been described from the Great Smoky Moun- 
tains in Sevier County, Tennessee. 


XYSTODESMIDAE 
Nannaria shenandoa, new species 
(Figures 1-4) 


Diagnosis.—A small member of the genus, characterized by the distally 
expanded and bifid telopodite of the male gonopod, and by the faleate 
nature of the lateral process, unusual in being conspicuously bent mesiad 
across the main branch. 

Description of male holotype——Body small, length, 23.5, width, 4.2 
mm.; sides nearly parallel, segments four through fourteen being of 
almost exactly full width, body thus tapering abruptly cephalad and 
gently caudad; dorsum but slightly arched, keels small and continuing 
slope of dorsum. 

Head small, vertex with very faint groove, interantennal width, .83 
mm;. length of antennae, 3.5 mm., sixth article conspicuously longer than 
the others which are subequal in length. 

Collum large, subtrapezoidal in dorsal aspect, the caudal margin almost 
straight, the cephalolateral corners rounded, the cephalic margin slightly 
convex. Cephalolateral marginal ridges large and distinct. 

Tergites of segments two through four similar, keels produced some- 
what forward of rest of dorsum; marginal ridges well developed. 

Tergites five through fifteen similar, keels more or less in line with 
rest of dorsum, marginal thickenings becoming larger; edges of keels 
slightly oblique, directed cephaloventrad, but to a lesser extent than in 


Hoffman—Three New Species of Diplopoda 83 


most xystodesmids; anterior corners slightly rounded, posterior corners 
angular, becoming slightly produced towards the rear of the body; 
posterior margins of keels slightly sinuate; upper surface of tergites 
smooth. 

Tergites of segments sixteen through nineteen becoming narrower 
eaudad, with keels increasingly produced, those of nineteenth forming 
short, rounded, lobes, .45 mm. in length, width of tergite between bases 
of lobes, 1.12 mm. 

Repugnatorial pores small, placed on the lateral margin of the keels, 
in the posterior third of the length. 

Twentieth segment triangular in dorsal aspect, about as long as broad, 
tip slightly truncate. Anal valves almost flat, minutely wrinkled ver- 
tically, setiferous tubercules close to the well developed mesial ridges. 

Preanal seale broad, short, triangular, the lateral tubercules obsolete. 

Bases of last pair of legs well separated, prefemoral separated at base 
by approximately .34 mm.; sternites becoming wider cephalad, legs at 
midbody .91 mm. apart; the sternites between the last pair of legs on 
each segment posterior to the 6th produced into conspicuous sharp 
processes. 

Legs at midbody with prefemora and femora small, subequal in size, 
tibia somewhat longer, tarsi 1 and 2 short, as broad as long, tarsus 3 
longer, conical, tarsal claw short, heavy, angularly bent. Lengths of 
joints of legs, from base distad, .53, .53, .87, .38, .33, .41 mm. 

Pleurites finely coriaceous, prozonite with the wrinkles much smaller. 
Stigma very narrow, upper end drawn out. 

Gonopodal aperture broadly oval, the margin uninterrupted in front. 
Gonopods at rest with the basal portion caudad (facing cephalad when 
the organs are protruded), the tips of the telopodite blades crossing and 
directed caudolaterad. Coxa subcylindrical, the caudal portion much 
elevated, mesial side with a small but prominent rounded knob. Mesial 
process low, sparingly setiferous, rather broad in cephalic aspect; Jateral 
process produced into a long, slender, faleate spine, curving mesiad 
across the femoral portion of the telopodite and distally recurved laterad. 
Telopodite slender, flattened at the base, becoming subcylindrical distad 
and curved mesiad and cephalad, the extremity becoming flattened and 
angularly bent proximad with a small ‘‘heel’’ at the outside edge of 
the bend. The distal half of this flattened portion is bifid. 

Sternites between the fourth pair of legs with a pair of upright, sub- 
conical processes, very conspicuous and as high as the cylindrical seminal 
processes of the second pair of legs which in this form are longer than 
usual for xystodesmids. Other legs without special processes. 

Color in life as follows: tergites blackish with outer portions of keels 
(both cephalo- and caudolateral corners) pink, head brown with margin 
of labrum and an interantennal band light tan; underparts pale gray, 
sternites tan. Antennae gray with distal portion of each article white. 

Description of female allotype——Agreeing in general with the male, 
differing as follows: length 25, width, 4.7 mm.; dorsum more arched; 
marginal thickenings and angularity of caudolateral corners of keels 


_ 2This term is arbitrarily used in preference to either coxa or trochanter for the 
joint between the femur and sternite, pending an investigation to determine which 
of the prefemoral joints is lost in xystodesmids. 


84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


more pronounced. Femoral spines larger, anterior sternites without 
paired processes. 

Gonopodal aperture large, including second pair of legs and large 
female organs. Lateral edge of aperture margined with a thin upright 
flange, also caudal edge with an upright, shallowly indented flange. 
Gonopods composed of a pair of thick, reniform valves, their surface 
granular and setose in places, attached by their basal ends to a trian- 
gular receptacle, into which they are retractable. When protruded, the 
free ends are directed caudad and the valves are parallel with the median 
axis of the body. The left gonopod is illustrated, in lateral or outer 
view. 

Color apparently not fully developed, being chiefly uniform tan with 
a dark median line on the tergites. Underparts white. 

Type specimens.—Male holotype, female allotype, and male paratype 
in the U. 8S. National Museum, No. 1848. Four paratypes in my per- 
sonal collection, RLH no. 160, collected on July 3, 1948. 

Type locality—Shenandoah Mountain, about 15 miles west of Har- 
risonburg, Rockingham County, Virginia, elevation about 3500 feet. 
Specimens were found in a rather dry stand of Quercus (Q. alba and 
related species) with undergrowth mainly scrub oak and laurel (Kalmia 
latifolia). The humus layer was about two inches deep, overlying loose 
sandstone fragments. The only invertebrates noted in association were 
numerous ants and a few small beetles. 

Remarks.—The relationships of this species are clearly with the recent- 
ly described Nannaria morrisoni Hoffman (1948:348), a form known 
from several localities in the Blue Ridge in Virginia. These two species, 
with another yet undescribed from Mountain Lake, Virginia, form a 
distinct section within the genus, differing from N. media and related 
forms in which the telopodite blade is bent laterad and distally un- 
modified. It is possible that the disjunct forms should be properly 
included in a separate genus, but it is felt that such a step should be 
preceded by a study of all the known forms of Nannaria, towards which 
I am now accumulating material. 


Zinaria rubrilata, new species 


Diagnosis ——A small member of the genus, related to butleri, charac- 
terized by the size, color of the metazonites, and the relatively short, 
straight lateral spine of the male gonopod. 

Description of male holotype-—Body small, length, 32.5, width, 5.6 
mm.; sides subparallel, segments five through fifteen of approximately 
full width; dorsum compressed, less arched than in butleri; keels 
relatively wide, continuing slope of dorsum. 

Vertex of head with a very faint shallow groove. Interantennal width, 
1.0 mm.; antennae relatively long, slender, 5.5 mm. in length. Labral 
pores in upper series, 20, in lower 20; labrum with a very deep median 
notch, teeth subequal in size. 

Collum large, subellipsoidal in dorsal aspect, tapering evenly towards 
the ends, cephalolateral marginal ridge small but sharply defined. 

Tergites of segments two through four similar, keels conspicuously 
bent forward, their posterior mesial margins well forward of caudal 
margins of tergite at midline; marginal ridges larger than on collum and 


Hoffman—Three New Species of Diplopoda 85 


somewhat more tumid, upper surface of keels becoming coriaceous and 
eaudolateral corner with a suggestion of a denticle. 

Tergites five through fifteen similar, keels more or less in line with 
rest of dorsum, marginal thickenings becoming larger; edges of keels 
slightly oblique, directed cephaloventrad; anterior corners broadly 
rounded, posterior corners angular and slightly produced caudad, this 
becoming more pronounced towards the rear of the body; posterior mar- 
gins of keels slightly sinuate; upper surface of keels distinctly coriaceous, 
of rest of dorsum finely wrinkled, prozonite smooth. 

Tergites of segments sixteen through nineteen becoming narrower 
caudad, with keels increasingly produced, those of nineteen forming short, 
bluntly triangular lobes, .50 mm. in length; width of tergite between 
bases of lobes, 1.37 mm. 

Twentieth segment triangular in dorsal aspect, somewhat elongate 
in appearance; two pairs of tiny lateral setiferous tubercules; tip 
slightly truncated. Anal valves slightly inflated, very finely wrinkled 
vertically, setiferous tubercules almost in contact with the well developed 
mesial ridges. 

Preanal scale large, broadly triangular, lateral tubereules large and 
well set off from the margin. 

Bases of last pair of legs almost in contact, prefemora separated 
-at bases by approximately .37 mm.; sternites becoming wider cephalad, 
legs at midbody 1.0 mm, apart; the sternites between last pair of legs 
on each segment enlarged and slightly produced caudad, but not forming 
actual lobes or spines. 

Legs at midbody with prefemora subtrapezoidal, flattened; femora 
short, cylindrical, femoral spine short, conical; tibiae elongated, cylin- 
drical, enlarged distally; tarsus 1 much thicker than distal two, tarsus 
3 the longest, bearing a slender curved claw; all joints with numerous 
slender bristles. 

Pleurites finely but distinctly coriaceous. Stigmata cephalodorsad of 
legs, elongate, the ends pointed. 

Gonopodal aperture broadly oval, margin uninterrupted at midline. 
Gonopods large, generally similar to those illustrated by Chamberlin 
(1939: fig. 5) for butleri (under the name Z. urbana), differing some- 
what in having the long spine from the lateral process straight Hae 
of bent mesiad across the face of the telopodite. 

Sternites between third pair of legs with a pair of thin, upright, keel- 
like processes; those between fourth pair with two small, conical proc- 
esses, their ends slightly crenulate. Coxae of second pair of legs with 
the usual seminal lobes; these short and slightly enlarged distally. 

Color in life as follows: majority of tergite orange-red or bright 
chestnut brown, keels, legs, and pleurites yellowish; middle portion of 
collum and exposed parts of prozonites black; top of head brownish- 
black, fading into white along margin of labrum and in antennal sockets; 
antennae whitish-yellow, becoming slightly darker distally. 

Description of female allotype—Agreeing in general with the male, 
differing in the following respects: slightly smaller, length, 30, width, 
6.1 mm.; dorsum more arched; body widest near posterior end; femoral 
spines larger; anterior legs without processes. 

Gonopodal aperture wide and short, its edges without special rims or 
flanges as noted above under Nannaria. Exposed portion of gonopod 


86 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


appearing tripartite (resembling three appressed fingertips); outer 
valve of gonopod with distal (free) end conspicuously larger than that 
of inner. 

Color much as in the male, not as intense, black or prozonites slightly 
encroaching on metazonites. 

Type specimens.—Male holotype, female allotype, and a paratype of 
each sex in the U. S. National Museum, No. 1849, and nine male and 
two female paratypes in my collection, RLH no. 161, to be distributed 
to other museums. All specimens taken together, July 13, 1948. 

Type locality—State Highway 3, one mile north of Kilmarnock, 
Lancaster County, Virginia. Specimens taken at the mouth of a culvert 
draining a large pond on the northeast side of the highway. Surround- 
ing area chiefly wooded, a pine-oak association. 

Remarks.—The nearest relative seems to be Z. butleri (McNeill), which 
is considerably different in lacking red on the dorsum (at least in all of 
the Virginia material referred to buwtleri) and in having the lateral 
spine of the male gonopod larger and curved mesiad. Also, all of the 
Virginia butleri (from five localities) are somewhat larger than rubrilata. 
Of course, there is the possibility than the Virginia population may be 
different form that of Indiana, but this has no bearing on the identity 
of rubrilata. In addition to the type locality, it has been found also 
near Irvington, in Lancaster County (a single female, RLH no. 162, 
August 17, 1948). 

The red pigment of rubrilata seems to be more extensive than in any 
other known xystodesmid. At a distance it is difficult to observe the 
thin black edge of the prozonite and the impression is that of a uniformly 
red milliped. 


REFERENCES 


Brolemann, Henry W., Notes on female paraiulids (Myriapods), with 
description of a new species. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 15, no. 4, 
pp. 281-309, pls. XIX-XXIV, figs. 1-57, 1922. 

Chamberlin, Ralph V., On some diplopods of the family Fontariidae. 
Bull. Univ. Utah, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 1-19, figs. 1-37, 1939. 
, On some genera and species of American millipeds. Bull. 
Univ. Utah, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1-20, figs. 1-36, 1943. 

Hoffman, Richard L., Three new eastern millipeds of the family Xysto- 
desmidae. Journ. Wash, Acad. Sci., vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 346-50, figs. 

1-6, 1948. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 


Figure 1. Nannaria shenandoa, n. sp., left gonopod of male, cephalic 
view. L—lateral process, M—mesial process; S—solenite. 
Figure 2. Nannaria shenandoa, left gonopod of male, mesial aspect. 


Figure 3. Nannaria shenandoa, left gonopod of female, lateral view. 
R—receptacle, OV—outer valve. 

Figure 4. Nannaria shenandoa, preanal scale and bases of last two 
pairs of legs, showing production of sternite. 

Figure 5. Saiulus montanus, n. sp., gonopods of female, caudad view. 


Figure 6. Saiulus montanus, gonopods of male, cephalic view. 


PLATE V PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. 62 


88 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


P th ¥ amc 
ee 


AYE 1943 
Nenon, > 
PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


. 


Vol. 62, pp. 89-96 April 27, 1949 


AMERICAN CAUDATA. VI. THE RACES OF 
EURYCEA BISLINEATA 


By M. B. MITTLEMAN 


The collection of considerable numbers of two-lined sala- 
manders in Indiana, and the necessity of establishing their 
subspecific identity in connection with a forthcoming report 
on the herpetology of this state, has prompted me to compare 
these specimens with extensive series of two-lined salamanders 
from other parts of the range of this species. Reynolds and 
Black (19386: 293) pointed out that specimens from Parke 
County, Indiana, are more similar to Eurycea bislineata cirr- 
gera and #. b. wilderae in having 14 costal grooves, than to 
EL. b. bislineata which is generally characterized as having 15 
grooves. The majority of my material agrees with Reynolds 
and Black’s description, and since standard references (Stej- 
neger and Barbour, 1943; Bishop, 1943; Dunn, 1926) are in 
accord in considering Indiana two-lined salamanders referable 
to bislineata, the situation seems amenable only to a thorough- 
going study of the entire status of raciation in Eurycea bis- 
lineata. Racial identification of the Indiana two-lined sala- 
manders inevitably depends on the definitions of bislineata 
and its subspecies. 

Unfortunately, as pointed out by Dunn (1926: 297), Green 
designated neither type specimens nor a type locality for his 
Salamandra bislineata. Stejneger and Barbour (1943: 30) 
suggest Princeton, N. J., as the type locality, and for practical 
purposes, I have considered specimens from the northern half 
of New Jersey as ‘‘typical’’ of bislineata. Such specimens 
are fairly homogeneous in having 15 or 16 costal grooves 
(counting inguinal and axillary branches) with about equal 
frequency, and in having a combined vomerine tooth count 
(the sum of both vomerine series) varying from 8 to 18. The 
color and pattern vary somewhat, but the dark brown dorso- 
lateral stripes usually extend for about half the length of the 
tail (occasionally less, rarely more); the sides of the body 
are sometimes immaculate, but are more often stippled with 


17—Proc. Bio~u. Soc. WASH., Vou. 62, 1949 (89) 


APR 28 1949 


90 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


gray or brownish, and occasionally there is a series of light 
spots running parallel to—and immediately below—the dorso- 
lateral dark stripe. There is often a small swelling, or tu- 
bercle, at the base of the naso-labial groove on the upper lip, 
in sexually active males, and occasionally also submental and 
caudal hedonic swellings. 

Salamanders agreeing with this definition are found from 
eastern Quebec to southern Virginia, and west through the 
Appalachian uplift almost to the Ohio River in West Vir- 
ginia. Out of 210 sexually mature specimens of both sexes 
from this region, 110 (= 53%) have 15 costal grooves, while 
the remaining 100 specimens have 16 grooves; there is no 
association between the costal groove count and age, sex, or 
geographic origin. The combined vomerine counts in this 
series vary from 8 to 21, average 12.2+3.07, and as in the ease 
of the costal grooves, are not associated with age, sex, or 
provenance. A maximum total length of 109 mm. is found 
in this series (@, Harrison, Westchester County, New York, 
personal collection M. B. Mittleman). The ratio of tail length 
to total length in metamorphosed specimens is from 46.7% 
(in a specimen with a total length of 47 mm.), to 59.5% (in 
a specimen with a total length of 96 mm.)}. 

Although relatively widely distributed and comparatively 
stable morphologically, the two-lined salamander undergoes 
several changes in the southern portion of its range, and 
evolves ultimately into two distinct forms, cirrigera and 
wilderae. In the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, and the 
Piedmont, the two-lined salamander population is character- 
ized by a costal groove count of 13 or 14, a combined vomerine 
count of 10-24 (average 15.82.54), a more intense pigmenta- 
tion with the dorsolateral stripe usually extending to the 
distal fourth (or even tip) of the tail, a well-developed lateral 
series of white (or at least light) spots, and prominent cirri 
in sexually mature males. These are the characteristics of the 
race cirrigera which extends from southern Virginia through 
the Coastal Plain to northern Florida and extreme eastern 


IMy findings concerning the ontogenetic variation in proportionate tail length 
in bislineata are almost identical with those of Oliver and Bailey (1939: 200), 
and I agree with them in considering EH. bislineata major Trapido and Clausen 
(1938: 119) to be synonymous with LE. b. bislineata. A count of 17 costal grooves 
occasionally occurs in major (fide Trapido and Clausen, l.c.); this results from 
the anomalous branching of either the first or last costal groove, and is not normal. 
The type of major (USNM 104239 of, Val Jalbert, Ouiachouan River. Lake St. 
John Co., P. Q.) has 16 costal grooves, a tail/total length ratio of 56.5%, and a 
combined vomerine count of 14. Two paratypes (USNM 107208-9) from Bonaven- 
ture Co., P. Q.. are similar in all respects, and like the type, are indistinguishable 
from many bislineata. 


Mittleman—American Caudata 91 


Louisiana, and inland through the Piedmont generally to the 
border of the Blue Ridge Province, in the Carolinas and 
Georgia. 

The montane two-lined salamander of the Blue Ridge Prov- 
ince, wilderae, is similar to cirrigera in normally having 13 or 
14 costal grooves (rarely, an anomalous branch of the first 
or last groove results in a count of 15), and prominent cirri 
in sexually mature males. It differs from cirrigera in having 
fewer vomerine teeth, the combined vomerine counts ranging 
from 4 to 17, average 11.4+3.33; wilderae is also distinguished 
in that the heavy black (rather than brown) dorsolateral 
stripes stand out sharply (not tending to fuse with the pig- 
ments of the sides of the body and tail), and rarely extend 
beyond the middle of the tail. The range of wilderae is from 
White Top Mountain, Virginia, south through the Blue Ridge 
Province to Rabun and Gilmer counties, Georgia, and west 
to Sevier County, Tennessee. 

Two-lined salamanders from Brunswick and Mecklenburg 
counties, Virginia (RLH? 955, 966-8), are characteristic 
cirrigera; however, specimens from Buckingham, Charlotte, 
and Prince Edward counties, Virginia (RLH 952-4), have 
the teeth of bislineata (combined vomerines 7, 12, 12), 14 
vostal grooves as in cirrigera, and an intermediate color and 
pattern. I regard them as intergrades; Dunn (1926: 303) 
has recorded intergrades of cirrigera X bislineata from Mid- 
way and Gloucester, Virginia. 

Specimens from the extreme southern Piedmont in Georgia 
are difficult to assign racially. Two-lined salamanders from 
Rabun and Gilmer counties are referable to wilderae, as noted 
by Dunn (1926: 313; also WTN 7022-3, betw. Tiger and Wylie, 
Rabun Co.), although they are somewhat aberrant in having 
higher combined vomerine counts (12, 20) than is usual in 
this race. Specimens from Tray Mountain, Habersham Coun- 
ty (USNM 115622-5) are definitely aberrant; they display 
the vomerine counts of cirrigera in three out of four specimens 
(12, 16, 18, 18), and have a more intense pigmentation than 
is normal for wilderae. Specimens from Duluth, Gwinnette 
County (USNM 91809-11) are similar, and have a pattern 
intermediate between wilderae and cirrigera; two of the three 
specimens have combined vomerine counts of 12, and one has 


2Abbreviations used for collections: RLH = private collection of Richard bL. 
Hoffman; WTN = private collection of Wilfred T. Neill; CAS = Chicago Academy 
of Sciences; USNM = United States National Museum; OUZ = Department of 
Zoology, Ohio University. 


92 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


a count of 19. On the other hand, specimens taken barely 
forty miles to the east, in Clarke County (WTN 7543-6, 7565, 
7583), have patterns which are very similar to those of Coastal 
Plain cirrigera; two of the six specimens have the character- 
istically high vomerine count of cirrigera (17, 20), while the 
other four have low to moderate counts (5, 8, 10, 14). The 
single male in this series has no cirri, although it is large 
(snout-vent 45 mm.) and has a fairly prominent caudal 
hedonic swelling. Specimens from Augusta (which is on the 
Fall Line) display all of the usual characteristics of cirrigera, 
and I conclude that this city and its surrounding area marks 
the northernmost limit of ‘‘typical’’ cirrigera in Georgia. 

In addition to the differentiation which the two-lined sala- 
mander undergoes in the southern part of its range, still other 
changes occur in the populations lying to the west of the 
Alleghanian uplift, for these transmontane salamanders differ 
in several respects from bislineata and its races wilderae and 
cirrigera., In these specimens the costal groove count is nor- 
mally 14 (81% of specimens), less often 15 (18.2% of speci- 
mens) or 16 (0.8% of specimens), thereby distinguishing them 
from bislineata. The combined vomerine counts range from 
8 to 27, average 15+3.78, which likewise serve to differentiate 
these specimens from bislineata and wilderae (although not 
from cirrigera). The color and pattern approximate bislineata, 
although the common presence of fairly well developed light 
spots on the sides is strongly reminiscent of cirrigera (as is 
also the extension of the dorsolateral stripe to the tip, or the 
distal fourth of the tail, in many specimens). The lack of 
cirTl in sexually mature males suggests bislineata, rather than 
wilderae or cirrigera, although occasional specimens have 
pronounced, even slightly elongate, swellings at the base of 
the naso-labial grooves. In sum, this population is most sim- 
ilar to bislineata in color and pattern and lack of extreme 
sexual dimorphism; it is closest to cirrigera in dentition and 
costal groove count. The transmontane population and cirri- 
gera differ considerably in limb length, for the latter is a 
long-legged form, while the former has rather short legs. In 
transformed cirrigera of 35-+- mm. snout-vent length, the ap- 
pressed limbs sometimes just meet, but are more often sepa- 
rated by one or two costal spaces, the usual condition being 
about one and a half spaces. Transmontane specimens of 
comparable snout-vent lengths almost invariably have a great- 


Mitileman—American Caudata 93 


er number of costal spaces between the appressed toes; in this 
population two to four and a half spaces are found between 
the appressed limbs, usually about three. 

It is obvious that the transmontane specimens are not iden- 
tifiable with any of the earlier-described races of the two-lined 
salamander, and since they are nameless, I propose to call them 


Eurycea bislineata rivicola, n. ssp. 


HOLOTYPE.—An adult male in my personal collection (to be de- 
posited in the U. S. National Museum), taken in Echo Canyon, McCor- 
mick’s Creek State Park, Owen County, Indiana, by Mary EH. and M. B. 
Mittleman, August, 1942. 

ALLOTYPE.—An adult female in my personal collection, same data 
as the holotype, to be deposited in the U. S. National Museum. 


PARATYPES.—(I have examined several hundred specimens, and 
still more are extant from a great many localities; rather than enumer- 
ate all of these, I have selected as paratypes only a sufficient number of 
specimens to illustrate the geographic and morphologic range of this 
race), WEST VIRGINIA—Wood County: 5 mi. S. of Parkersburg (OUZ 
924); Mingo County: Varney (OUZ $33). OHIO—Athens County: 
Canaan Twp., Sec. 11 (OUZ 28-9); Carroll County: no specific locality 
(OUZ 906); Hamilton County: Cincinnati (USNM 8832); Hocking 
County: Salt Creek, Benton Twp. (OUZ 1028, 13 spec.) ; Monroe County: 
Adams Twp., Sec. 6-36 (OUZ 946, 2 spec.); Preble County: 5 mi. SE 
of Camden (USNM 76825-6); Washington County: Marietta (USNM 
118302-6; OUZ 945, 6 spec.). KENTUCKY—Carter County: Carter 
Caves (OUZ 1058, 6 spec.), Cascade Cave (OUZ 1029). INDIANA— 
Brown County: Brown County State Park (10 spec., MBM coll.), Pike’s 
Peak (5 spec., MBM coll.); Jennings County: Muscatatuck State Park 
(4 spec., MBM coll.); Marion County: Indianapolis (USNM 17465-8; 
10 spee., MBM coll.); Monroe County: Morgan-Monroe State Forest 
(2 spee., MBM eoll.); Owen County: McCormick’s Creek State Park 
(8 spee., MBM coll.); Parke County: Turkey Run State Park (CAS 
1436-64) ; Tippecanoe County: Lafayette (USNM 17972-4). ILLINOIS 
—LaSalle County: Starved Rock (CAS 1573). TENNESSEE—Cheatham 
County: 2 mi. S. of Shacklett (USNM 85686); Cumberland County: 
3 mi. E. of Pleasant Hill (USNM 87615); Davidson County: 5 mi. NW 
of Belleview (USNM 85689); Grainger County: Bean Station (USNM 
88754); DeKalb County: Dowelltown (USNM 88755). 

DIAGNOSIS.—A race of Eurycea bislineata usually having 14 costal 
grooves (81% of specimens), less often 15 or 16 grooves (19% of speci- 
mens); costal spaces between appressed toes two to four and a half, 
usually three; combined vomerine count 8-27, average 15+3.73; no cirri 
in sexually active males; dorsolateral stripe extending well beyond the 
middle of the tail in most specimens, often reaching the tip. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Extreme western West Virginia at low altitudes, 
west to central and northern Illinois and southwestern Michigan, Ten- 
nessee between the Blue Ridge and the west branch of the Tennessee 
River. 


94 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


REMARKS.—tThe distributional limits of rivicola are known only 
imperfectly. Material from West Virginia indicates that this race 
occurs only in the extreme western part of the state, apparently only 
below the 1,000 foot contour along the Ohio River Valley; whether 
rivicola enters Pennsylvania in the extreme western portion of the state 
is uncertain, two specimens from Meadville, Crawford Co. (USNM 
3718, 2 spec.) being quite typical bislineata. The westernmost limits of 
rivicola are Will, LaSalle, and Edgar counties, Illinois; presumably, 
the Berrien County, Mich., record for bislineata (Maldonado-Koerdell 
and Firschein, 1947: 140), which I have not examined, is referable to 
rivicola. 


I have not seen any specimens from Coastal Plain Tennessee, i.e., that 
portion of the state lying to the west of the Tennessee River, but I 
suspect that this population will show a prominent tendency toward 
rivicola, if not actual identity with this race. Parker (1947:79) has 
reported cirrigera from northwestern DeSoto Co., Mississippi, but the 
specimens I have examined from this county (1 mi. E. of Walls, CAS 
10847, 10 spec.) are actually intergrades between cirrigera and rivicola, 
and on the whole are closer to the latter race. In pattern and dentition 
they are intermediate, while in the costal groove count (14 im seven 
specimens, 15 in three) and number of costal spaces between the ap- 
pressed limbs (3 or 4 in all specimens) they suggest rivicola, as does 
also the lack of cirri in the sexually mature male of this series. If these 
specimens are correctly identified as intergrades, then it is probable that 
rivicola extends into extreme western Tennessee, and the northernmost 
parts of Mississippi and Alabama as well. 


Eastward in Tennessee, rivicola is found as far as Grainger County 
(Bean Station, USNM 88754, at an altitude of approximately 2,000 feet. 
King (1939: 557-9) has described specimens of ‘‘ Eurycea bislineata X 
cirrigera’’ from low altitudes (below 2,500 feet) in the Great Smokies, 
in Sevier County, Tennessee, which appear to be rivicola; King’s descrip- 
tion fits rivicola in all important respects, except the number of costal 
spaces between the limbs. Interestingly enough, King reports no in- 
stances of intergradation between wilderae and his ‘‘ Hurycea bislineata 
X cirrigera’’ ( =rivicola), which may be due to the fact that the 
former takes up a semi-terrestrial existence, while the latter, according 
to King, is restricted to springs, marshy areas, and small streams, 
Dunn (1926: 303) reports intergradation between wilderae and bislineata 
at Abingdon, Washington Co., Virginia. 

The four races of Hurycea bislineata, as recognized and defined in 
this paper, may be identified by the following key: 


la. Costal grooves 15 or 16; occasional naso-labial swellings or 
tubercles, but no cirri present in sexually mature males ___.__. 2 
1b. Costal grooves 13 or 14; if cirri are present, costal spaces be- 
tween the appressed limbs are 2, if cirri are absent there are 
3 costal spaces between the appressed limbs _.—-.--_--_-------..___..-. 3 
2a. Combined vomerines 8-21, average 12; dorsolateral stripe 
usually not extending beyond middle of tail. Southern Quebec 
to southern Virginia, west to the Ohio River valley in West 
grb ga 60: A Mate ORAER ARMS RENNES Sag Aa rabegrs eo WT Lh ab ai tS, bislineata 


Mittleman—American Caudata 95 


2b. Combined vomerines 8-27, average 15; dorsolateral stripe 
usually extending well beyond middle of tail (to distal fourth 
or beyond). Ohio River valley in West Virginia, west to central 
and northern Illinois, and extreme southwestern Michigan, 
Tennessee between the Blue Ridge and the west branch cf the 
J CERT C RLS ON Gig 2 Se A NE Oe A Os Ne eR Sl ee rivicola 
3a. Costal spaces between the appressed limbs usually 2; cirri 
RIEESCING, wma ewe oe NS oe ee EE 4 
3b. Costal spaces between the appressed limbs usually 3; no cirri 
presenti in> males.) Range’ as in 2bi222 te ek rivicola 
4a. Combined vomerines 10-24, average 15.8; sides dark with 
prominent white (or light) spots; dorsolateral stripe extending 
to tip, or at least the distal fourth, of tail. Southern Virginia 
to extreme Louisiana in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont _ cirrigera 
4b. Combined vomerines 4-17, average 11.4; sides light, dorso- 
lateral stripe black (rather than brown) and extending only 
to the middle of the tail. The Blue Ridge Province, from 
White Top Mountain, Virginia, to Rabun and Gilmer counties, 
RECON cbirt meri ene TP he Sl oe 2 Oe ae 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


For the privilege of examining specimens, and many other courtesies, 
I am grateful to Dr. Doris M. Cochran, Dr. Herschel T. Gier, Dr. Howard 
K. Gloyd, Mr. Richard L. Hoffman, and Mr. Wilfred T. Neill. My wife 
has helped me greatly in recording data and making various tabulations, 
and for this she has my appreciative thanks. 


LITERATURE CITED 


Bishop, Sherman C. 1943. Handbook of salamanders. Ithaca: Comstock 
Publ. Co., xiv + 555 pp., frontis., figs. 1-144, maps 1-56. 

Dunn, Emmett R. 1926. The salamanders of the family Plethodontidae. 
Northampton: Smith College, x + 441 pp., frontis., 2 pls., figs. 1-86. 

King, Willis. 1939. <A survey of the herpetology of Great Smoky 
Mountains National Park. Amer. Midl. Nat., 21(3): 531-582, map, 
figs. 1-9. 

Maldonado-Koerdell, Manuel and Irwin L. Firschein. 1947. Notes on 
the ranges of some North American salamanders. Copeia: 140. 

Oliver, James A. and Joseph R. Bailey. 1939. Amphibians and reptiles 
of New Hampshire (pp. 195-221, 2 pls.), in, Biological Survey of the 
Connecticut Watershed. Surv. Rept. 4, New Hampshire Fish and 
Game Dept.: 1-256, figs. 1-86. 

Parker, Maleolm V. 1947. Distribution of three amphibians and a rep- 
tile in the midsouth. Herpetologica, 4:79-80. 

Reynolds, A. E. and E. G. Black. 1936. The salamanders of Putnam 
County. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 45:287-294. 

Stejneger, Leonard and Thomas Barbour. 1943. A check list of 
North American amphibians and reptiles. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 
93 (1) :xix + 1-260. 

Trapido, Harold and Robert T. Clausen. 1938. Amphibians and reptiles 
of eastern Quebec. Copeia: 117-125. 

Plate.—Distribution of the races of Eurycea bislineata (modified after 
Bishop, 1943: 405). Intergradation between races is not shown, except 


96 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


in the case of wilderae X cirrigera. The inclusion of northern Alabama 
and extreme northwestern Georgia in the range of rivicola is based on 
the expected, but as yet hypothetical, extension of this subspecies’ dis- 
tribution. The distributional vacuum in northwestern Alabama, northern 
Mississippi, and western Tennessee is purely artificial; Hurycea bislineata — 
cap, occurs in this area, but the status of the form is as yet uncertain. 
Similarly, some race occurs in extreme western Kentucky, but whether 
it is cirrigera or rivicola, or an intergradant population, is not known. 
The range boundary of rivicola and bislineata in northeastern Ohio and 
western Pennsylvania is artificial; whether the two races interdigitate 
or replace each other abruptly in this region remains to be determined. 


90 85 60 75 70 


| iy 4 bislineata 


Ls bwilderae 
b.cirrigera 


a 


I th wi/derae x 
cirrigera 


&, & rivicola 


90. 85 80 75 
PLATE VI 


more Vr SS 


awe reels 


* Eu. 4 
MAY 19¢ ‘9 


“ATs: ys 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


Vol. 62, pp. 97-100 April 27, 1949 


REMARKS ON THE GENUS 
OCHETORHYNCHUS MEYEN 


By ALEXANDER WETMORE AND JAMES L. PETERS 


As long ago as 1926, in discussing Upucerthia certhioides 
Wetmore! remarked ‘‘the association of this and allied 
straight billed forms in the genus Upucerthia with species 
of the U. dumetaria type is questionable.’’ Recently while en- 
gaged in a general revision of the Furnariidae, Peters came to 
the conclusion that the continued retention of certhioides in 
Upucerthia was not warranted, and proposed to Wetmore that 
the question os the generic allocation of this species be re- 
opened. 

In connection with the study of this question all the known 
species currently referred to Upucerthia were examined as 
well as nearly all of the described races. One of these (ez- 
celsior) has already been shown by Bond? to be referable to 
the genus Cinclodes, a disposition in which we entirely concur, 
Of the other species currently placed in Upucerthia, there 
are three, dumetaria, albigula and valdirostris, that are 
similar structurally in that the bill is slender and longer than 
the head, with the culmen strongly arched. Two others, 
andaecola and serrana, have somewhat stouter and shorter 
bills, which, however, are arched as in the dumetaria group. 

The three remaining species, ruficauda, hartertr and 
certhiordes, differ noticeably from any of the others mentioned, 
in having the culmen straight, slightly decurved terminally, 
and not arched. There seem to be no other structural char- 
acters, but in our estimation this striking bill difference is 
sufficient to be of generic value. 

The three species listed above may be placed in the Genus 
Ochetorhynchus Meyen,’ the type of which is Ochetorhynchus 
ruficaudus Meyen. 

Examination of a large series of Ochetorhynchus certhioides 


from widely separated parts of its range reveals the existence 
10. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 133, 1926. 251. 
2Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 57, 1945, 
SNova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., 16, 1834. Sept ES p: 80: 


18—PrRoo. Biou. Soc. WASH., Vou. 62, 1949 (97) 


BPR 28 1949 


98 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


of a hitherto unrecognized race, occupying a larger area than 
the ranges of either of the two currently recognized forms as 
restricted below. A brief history of the two currently described 
forms may be of interest. In 1838 d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye* 
described Anabates certhioides from Corrientes, Argentina. 
Following this in 1860 Burmeister® named Ochetorhynchus 
lusconia, with types from Mendoza. The existence of the 
name set up by d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye was over-looked 
by all orinthologists until resurrected by Ménégaux and 
Hellmayr®, and the few specimens that were collected along 
the Paraguay River were referred to luscimia, which had 
been transferred to the genus Upucerthia by Sclater and 
Salvin’. Ménégaux and Hellmayr (loc. cit.) pointed out the 
differences between the eastern and western populations in 
Argentina, but regarded them as distinct species. Hartert® 
three years later reduced luscinia to the status of a subspecies 
of certhioides. While Hartert was correct in his interpretation 
of relationships, he apparently lacked topotypical material of 
luscimia, and assumed that the specimens at hand from the 
Argentine provinces of Salta, Catamarca and Tucuman rep- 
resented that form. Hellmayr’s treatment in the fourth part 
of the Catalogue of the Birds of the Americas was essentially 
the same as that of Hartert. Thus it now appears that the 
bird we propose to describe is in reality Upucerthia certhiordes 
luscima of authors, not of Burmeister, which appears to be 
restricted in its distribution to the precordillera in the Argen- 
tine provinces of La Rioja and Mendoza, while the population 
from Salta, Catamarca, Tucuman, Santiago del Estero, 
western Chaco and the Paraguayan Chaco belongs to an un- 
described race that we name. 


Ochetorhynchus certhioides estebani new subspecies 


Type M. C. Z. no. 94198, ad. ¢, Leales Bajo, 700 meters elevation, 
Tucuman, collected 16 May, 1915 by Luis Dinelli. 

Characters.—Similar to Ochetorhynchus  certhioides  certhioides 
(d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye), but dorsal coloration much paler brown; 
ventral coloration duller, especially the flanks, which lack any rufus 
tinge; bill relatively as well as absolutely shorter; wing longer, with 
tail equal to or slightly longer than wing. Similar also to O. c. luscinia 
Burmeister but more brownish, less grayish above and below; smaller in 
all dimensions. 


“Syn. Av., in Mag. Zool., 8, 1838, cl. 2, p. 15. 
SJourn. f. Orn. 8, 1860, p. 249. 

®Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, 1906, p. 56. 
™TNomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 62. 

8Nov. Zool., 16, 1909, pp. 207-208. 


Wetmore-Peters—Genus Ochetorhynchus Meyen 99 


This new form is named for Dr. Juan G. Esteban of the Instituto 
Miguel Lillo in Tucum4n, in recognition of his current work in the 
family Furnariidae. 


The races and ranges of Ochetorhynchus certhioides may be sum- 
marized thus— 


O. c. luscinia Burmeister. 


Ochetorhynchus Luscinia Burmeister, Journ. f. Orn., 8, no. 46, July, 
1860, p. 249. (Mendoza.) 


The largest and palest form, the brown eoloration with a distinct 
grayish east; wing longer than tail. 1 ¢, La Rioja, wing 74.5; tail 
76.1; culmen 24.9 mm., 3 9, Mendoza, wing 70.9-75.2 (72.7); tail 73.8- 
82.3 (77.9); culmen 22.6-24.5 (23.5) mm. 


Range: Precordillera of western Argentina in provinces of Mendoza 
and La Rioja; presumably also in San Juan. 


O. c. estebani Wetmore and Peters. 
Browner, less grayish, than O. oc. luscinia; somewhat smaller. 


Wing Tail Culmen 

1 ¢ Salta 70.5 70.7 20.4 
1 ¢ Catamarca 68.4 69.1 22.8 
a6 Tucuman  70.6-72.3 (71.5)  72.1-73 (71.6) 20.7-21.8 (21) 
5 $ Santiago ki 

del Estero 69.-72.4 (70.6) 68-75.5 (71.6) 20.5-23.1 (21.6) 
1 $ Chaco 

(western) 68.5 69 22.1 
5 ¢ Paraguay- 

an Chaco 65.8-68.7 (67.3) 65.2-68.5 (66.9)  20.4-21.4 (20.6) 
3 29 Tucum4n 67-70.3 (68.6) 67-71.3 (69.6) 18.3-20.7 (19.6) 
8 2 Santiago 

del Estero 65-72.5 (68.8) 66.8-75.7 (71.1)  19.7-22.8 (21.8) 
3 9 Chaco 

(western) 65.4-69.2 (67) 64.6-69.8 (66.9) 19.7-22.9 (20.4) 


1 9 Paraguay- 


an Chaco 67.4 69.5 21.7 


Range:—Northern and northwestern Argentina in provinces of Salta, 
Catamarca, Tucum4n, Cérdoba, Santiago del Estero, and Gobernacién 
del Chaco (General Pinedo), extending into the Paraguayan Chaco to 
a point 265 km. west of Puerto Casado. Paraguayan specimens are 
somewhat intermediate in size and proportions between this race and 
O. c. certhioides, but are nearer to estebani in shorter bill and paler 
coloration. 


O. ce. certhioides (d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye) 

Anabates certhioides d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye, Syn. Av., in Mag. 
Zool., 8, el. 2, 1838, p. 15. (Corrientes. ) 

The most deeply colored race, with the shortest wings and tail, the 
latter member averaging slightly shorter than wing, whereas in the 


other two races the tail slightly exceeds the wing; bill longer than in 
estebant, but shorter than in luscinia. 


100 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Wing Tail Culmen 
24 Formosa  67.3-68.5 (67.9)  64.9-65.3 (65.1)  23.-23.6 (23.3) 
2 ¢ Chaco 
(eastern) 65.1-66.5 (65.8)  62.9-65.6 (64.2)  21.6-22.9 (22.2) 
1 ¢ Santa Fe 67.3 63.1 22.1 
2 2 Chaco 61.2-68.7 (64.9)  62.3-67.6 (64.9)  22.8-22.9 (22.85) 
1@ Santa Fe 64.3 63.8 23.4 


Range:—Eastern Formosa, and Chaco (Las Palmas) south to Santa 
Fe (Mocovi), Corrientes? and Entre Rios,® Argentina. 

The forms included in Ochetorhynchus under the arrangement set up 
in this paper will stand as follows: 


Ochetorhynchus harterti (Berlepsch) 

Ochetorhynchus certhioides certhioides (d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye) 
Ochetorhynchus certhioides estebani Wetmore and Peters 
Ochetorhynchus certhioides luscinia Burmeister 

Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus ruficaudus Meyen 

Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus montanus (d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye) 


MATERIAL EXAMINED 


O. c. luscinia—MENDOZA: near Mendoza, 3 91. LA RIOJA: 
Chilecito, 1 ¢1. 

O. c. estebani—SALTA: Arenal, 1 ¢2, CATAMARCA: Catamarca, 
1 $2. TUCUMAN: Vipos, 1¢2; Tapia, 1 ¢3, 3 91,3; Leales Bajo, 
1 6 (type). SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO: Lavalle, 5 ?2; Suncho 
Corral, 42 ¢, 4 9%. CHACO: General Pinedo, 1 ¢2, 3 92. PARA- 
GUAYAN CHACO: General Diaz, 1 $4, 1 94; Orloff 1 $4; Colonia 
Fernheim 2 ¢4; 265 km. W. of Puerto Casado 1 ¢§4. 

O. c. certhioides—FORMOSA: Kil. 182, 2 61. CHACO: Las Palmas, 
1 ¢1,1 9; SANTA FE: San Vicente, 1 6%; Ocampo, 1 27, Mocovi, 
Lee 22. 

We are indebted to the authorities of the American Museum of 
Natural History, Chicago Natural History Museum and the Museum of 
Zoology, University of Michigan, for the loan of material, in addition 
to that contained in the United States National Museum and the Mu- 
seum of Comparative Zodlogy. 

Smithsonian Institution, Washington 25, D. C. 

Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge 38, Mass. 


®Specimens from these provinces not seen. 

1Specimens in U. S. National Museum. 

2Specimens in American Museum of Natural History. 
8Specimens in Museum of Comparative Zoology. 
4Specimens in Chicago Natural History Museum. 
SSpecimens in Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. 


we Z) ra 
MAY? 1949 
“Atronn, MUSES 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


VU |S 


, 


Vol. 62, pp. 101-102 April 27, 1949 


A NEW RACE OF PIPILO FUSCUS FROM MEXICO 


By Rosert T. Moore 


Since the publication of ‘‘Notes on Pipilo fuscus of Mexico’’ 
(Proce. Biol. Soc. Wash., 55, 45-48, May 12, 1942), more than 
100 new specimens of this species have been added to the 
Moore Collection, coming chiefly from northeastern Mexico 
and the Central Plateau. It is now indicated that an unde- 
scribed race occurs in Hidalgo. It is herewith described: 


Pipilo fuscus campoi, subsp. nov.1 


Type.—Male adult acquiring fresh winter plumage, number 34212, col- 
lection of Robert T. Moore; Metztitlan, Hidalgo, Mexico; September 
27, 1942; collected by Mario del Toro Avilés. 


Subspecific characters.—Nearest in coloration to P. f. toroi of Oaxaca 
(both races having a gray pileum concolor with back), it differs in being 
(1) darker above; (2) slightly darker below with less extensive white 
on belly; and (3) size apparently smaller, but most of the individuals 
are either badly worn or acquiring their winter plumage. About the 
size of P. fuscus fuscus of the State of Mexico, it differs by having (1) 
the pileum uniform with back, instead of browner; (2) paler buff on 
throat and (3) whiter on breast. Compared with potosinus of Guanajuato, 
(1) the pileum is much less brown, and (2) size probably smaller. Com-. 
pared with the birds of the Valley of Mexico, which, although slightly 
paler, are nearer to true fuscus, campoi is paler below and darker above 
(pileum less brown). Compared with the topotypical series of teranus 
from Kerrville Texas, with which I have made direct comparison, 
campoi differs markedly in (1) not having the very rusty pileum; (2) in 
being darker above and below (especially on the flanks), and (3) whiter 
on the belly. Our 41 specimens from Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis 
Potosi and Tamaulipas have pileums dark brown (not rusty as in 
texanus), much browner than the back. Some authors may differentiate 
them as a fairly well-marked intermediate race between texanus on the 
north and potosinus. Here they are treated as intergrades between these 
forms, but closer to potosinus. 

Range.—Campoi attains its typical characters in the arid area of 
Metztitlan, Hdg., from which the Moore Collection possesses sixteen 
specimens, all quite uniform. Our eleven brown towhees from other lo- 


1It is a pleasure to name this interesting form for Dr. Rafael Martin del 
Campo, Curator of Birds in the Instituto de Biologia, Mexico City, in recognition 
of the assistance he has given to the Compiling Group, in the preparation of the 
Check List of the Birds of Mexico. 


19—-Proc, Brow. Soo. WASH., Vou. 62, 1949 (101) 


APR 2s 194° 


102 Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington 


ealities in Hidalgo, (Real del Monte, Portezuelo, Jolotepec and Huicho- 
pan) although increasing in darker coloration of the pileum, as they 
oceur farther west, approach potosinus. The birds of El Caracol, — 
Querétaro, are about intermediate but slightly closer to potosinus and 
those farther west are definitely of this richer colored form. To the 
south in the Valley of Mexico the birds are nearer to the nominate race, 
whose type came from Tmascaltepec in the southwestern part of the 
State of Mexico. 

Average Measurements.—The average of 10 adult males (5 in fresh 
plumage) from Metztitlan, Portezuelo, Jolotepec and Real del Monte 
shows wing 92.7 and tail 93.9 mm. The average of 5 adult males of 
fuscus in good plumage (3 from Temascatepec and 2 from Lerma, State 
of Mexico, shows wing 93.4 and tail 91.4. For comparison with the 
other larger races, see the Table of Measurements in Proce. Biol. Soc. 
Wash., 55, p. 47. 

Specimens Examined.—In addition to sixteen specimens of campoi 
from the type locality, eleven of campoi from other localities (Real del 
Monte, Jolotepec, Huichop4n, and Portezuelo) in Hidalgo, as well as the 
41 intergrades mentioned above from northeastern Mexico, I have re- 
examined the large series in the Moore Collection listed in the reference 
above-mentioned and in addition nearly one hundred new specimens from 
the Central Plateau; also, the ten topotypical specimens of texanus. 

Remarks.—The new race from Hidalgo is a rather pale small race 
(wing and tail about equal in length) with pileum gray like the back, 
which is practically surrounded by richer colored, larger birds with 
brown heads to the north, west and south. Two specimens from a lo- 
cality to the East near Huachinango, Puebla, have the uniform back and 
pileum of campoi, but are conspicuously darker above and below in both 
the grays and buffs and seem to lie between the intergrades from the 
northeast and campoi, being the only group of them showing any ap- 
proach to campoi. Farther east is the Tropical Zone of Veracruz, where 
this species does not occur. In the far south, separated from campoi 
by the richer colored, brown-headed birds of the high valley of Mexico, 
‘we find on the deserts of eastern Oaxaca the paler race, of toroi, with 
which it has its closest affinities. 

My grateful acknowledgments are made to Mr. J. L. Peters and the 
Museum of Comparative Zoology and to Mr. EH. R. Blake and the Chicago 
Museum for the loan of the topotypical series of texanus; also to Dr. 
Alden H. Miller for arranging for the transfer of this material, while 
it was on loan to him. Mr. John Davis of the University of California, 
while doing work for his Doctor’s degree in the collection of the Oreutt 
Trust, was very helpful in measuring the nearly 300 Mexican Brown 
Towhees in our collection. 


mAs OU] SD 


Vol. 62, pp. 103-104 June 20, 1949 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW HUMMINGBIRD OF THE GENUS LOPHORNIS 
FROM SOUTHERN MEXICO 


By Rosert T. Moore 


The receipt of two specimens of the species Lophormis delat- 
trei, taken in the state of Guerrero by Chester C. Lamb in 
May, 1947, extends the range of the genus nearly twelve hun- 
dred miles north from Costa Rica, whence Lophornis delattret 
lessont has been reported by Bangs. The new specimens repre- 
sent a well-marked race, which is described below. 


Lophornis delattrei brachylopha, subsp. nov. 


Type.—Adult male, number 46,062, collection of Robert T. Moore; San 
Vicente de Benitez, Guerrero, México; altitude 1,500 feet; May 9, 1947, 
collected by Chester C. Lamb. 

Subspecific characters.—Nearest to Lophornis delattrei lessoni Simon, 
but differs in having (1) erest much shorter (about one-half as long), 
with no spangles on the tips of the feathers; (2) blackish shaft-streaks 
on the lateral crest feathers; (3) greens much darker throughout, 
particularly on back, hind-neck and wing-coverts; (4) tufts on side of 
neck longer, with larger streaks of green as compared with the smaller 
spots of lessoni; (5) tips of rectrices with a wide band of black, espe- 
cially conspicuous below, instead of practically none, or golden green 
ones; (6) bill (both maxila and madible) entirely black instead of cinna- 
mon (in dried skins); (7) rump much darker green, the feathers broadly 
tipped with iridescent Pomegranate Purple!; (8) bases of feathers or 
lower half of belly cinnamon-buff tipped with darker green, instead of 
uniform pale golden green; (9) size larger. Brachylopha differs from 
Lophornis delattrei delattrei (Lesson) of Peri and Bolivia im all the 
characters given above, except size, but to a greater degree. 

Range.—Known from two adult males, both taken in May at the same 
locality, San Vicente de Benites, about thirty-five miles northwest of 
Acapulco, Guerrero, in the Sierra del Sur, at an altitude of 1,500 feet. 


Average Measurements of Males in Millimeters 
Exposed 
Wing Tail Culmen Crest? 
2 brachylopha 
40.9 (39.9-41.9) 25.1 (2427-25:4.) 9.8 (9.7-9.9) 11.1 (10.5-11.7) 
9 lessoni 
36.6 (35.2-37.9) 19.7 (20.7-24.0) 7.6 (7.8-9.2) 20.3 (17.9-21.5) 
1 delattret 
40.3 22.5 10.3 23.7 


1Names of colors when capitalized are taken from Ridgway’s Color Standard 
and Nomenclature, 1912. 

2The length of the crest is measured from the base of the anterior long crest 
feathers to the tips of the longest ones. 


Soc. WASH., VOL. 62, 1949 (103) 


JUN 20 19462 


S 


104 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


Brachylopha: 2 adult males from Guerrero in Moore Collection. 

Lessoni: 1 ad ¢4, Clitra, Veraguas, Columbia; 5 ad és, ‘‘Bogota’’, 
1 ad ¢ ‘*Columbia’’; 2 ims. from Columbia; and one of uncertain 
origin; 2 ad és from Panam4; 2 im. ¢@s from San Pedro, Costa Rica. 

Delatirei: 1 ad ¢, 1 im., Buena Vista, Bolivia. 

My acknowledgements are gratefully made to Dr. Herbert Friedmann 
and the United States National Museum, to Mr. James Peters and the 
Museum of Comparative Zoology, and to Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd and the 
Carnegie Museum for their courtesy in providing the comparative material 
necessary for the completion of this paper. 


masyy \S 


Vol. 62, pp. 105-108 June 20, 1949 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW SPECIES BELONGING TO THE GENUS 
MYZOCALLIS (APHIDIDAE) 


F. C. Horrses 


The species described herewith and believed to be new to 
Science has been under rather close observation for two sea- 
sons. The opportunity is taken to discuss briefly its affinity 
to several other very closely allied species one of which has 
been heretofore considered a synonym. 


Myzocallis tonkawa, new species 


Alate viviparous female. 

Size and general color—Average length from vertex to tip of anal 
plate 2.06mm. Range in size from 1.71-2.43mm. Both extremes repre- 
sented by a single specimen. Most common length about 2.21mm. Width 
of head through the eyes 43mm. The color of this species is quite 
variable. Some specimens are pale yellowish-green, others are dusky 
yellow, while still others may have the head and prothorax a pale pink 
or orange with the abdomen green. As a rule the margins of the head 
show more or less dusky and the same may be said for the whole of the 
mesothorax which may also be light brown. The cornicles are concolorous 
with the abdomen, but may be slightly lighter in color. The cornicles are 
never dusky. Cauda and anal plate more or less concolorous with abdomen 
with the margins light dusky. First and second antennal segments dusky 
brown, darker on median margins. Third, fourth, fifth and sixth antennal 
segments light dusky with varying amounts of darker dusky to brown 
near the apex. The secondary sensoria on the third segment are commonly 
surrounded by dusky patches. Femora pale dusky-green with dorsal 
portions darker. Tibiae with a brownish spot near the knee, remaining 
portion light dusky as a rule but sometimes rather dark. Apex of tibiae 
not much if any darker than region above. 

Stigma dusky. Veins brown surrounded by fuscous and ending in dusky 
areas before margin of wing. Anal vein as a rule darkest and surrounded 
by darkest area. Anal cubital and radial sector originating in dusky 
areas. 

Head and appendages.—Comparative length of antennal segments as 
follows: III .786-.858 ave. .84mm., IV .51-.60 ave. .55mm., V .443-.514 
ave. .47mm., VI .20-.228 ave. 22mm., + .312-.328mm. Secondary sensoria 
confined to the third antennal segment and numbering from seven to 
fifteen each represented by a single antenna. Ten to twelve sensoria are 
common. The first two or three sensoria are slightly oval the other sen- 
soria are round. All sensoria have wide rims. The rostum reaches about 
half way to the coxae g eamesothoracic pair of legs. The anterior 


21—Prog” en NINST) hors 
7 JUN20 1949 7 
Variona (| uses 


, 1949 (105) 


JUN 2° 1948 


106 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


margin of the head has a well developed tubercle. The dorsum of the 
head has two pair of wart-like tubercles each terminated by a short hair. 
These structures are difficult to determine unless the specimen is mounted 
on the side. 

Thorax and appendages.—The dorsum of the prothorax has two pair of 
finger-like tubercles which are subequal in length. The dorsum of the 
mesothorax has a single pair of tubercles which have a much wider base 
than those on the prothorax. The radial sector is long and forms an acute 
angle with the margin of the wing. The second branch of the media is 
midway between the first branch and the margin of the wing. The outer 
surface of the wing is scale-like. The hind tibiae are from 1.35-1.44mm. 
long. The hair on the tibiae is sparce. The hind tarsi are from .1-.128mm. 
long. 

Abdomen.—The segments anterior to the cornicles are provided with 
well-developed lateral tubercles, these are blunt at the tip and rather 
wide at the base. The dorsum of the abdomen has six pair of finger-like 
tubereles. Of these the first two pair are about equal in length and as a 
rule better developed than the third and fourth pair. The fifth and sixth 
pair of tubercles on the abdomen are often represented by mere nubbins. 
The cornicles are typical of the genus and vary in length from .1-.128mm. 
The anal plate is deeply divided and the cauda knobbed. Both the anal 
plate and the cauda are provided with long rather spine-like hair. 


Alate male. 


Size and general color.—Length from vertex to tip of anal plate 
1.67mm., width of head through the eyes .43mm. Head dusky with the 
margins darker. Prothorax dusky green. Mesothorax brown. Abdomen 
with anterior portion greenish and the portion posterior to the cornicles 
light yellowish. Cornicles light dusky. Cauda and anal plate dusky 
brown. Gonapophyses dark brown with a lighter area near the base. 
Femora uniform dusky. Tibiae brown at the base remainder uniform 
dusky. Antennal except for segments I and II which are darker light 
dusky. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal segments with the following pro- 
portional lengths: III .786mm., IV .457mm., V .429mm., VI .214+ 
347mm. Secondary sensoria arranged as follows: III 43-48, IV 18-25, 
V 11-14, VI 1. The sensoria are uniformly distributed. Rostrum short. 
Dorsal tubercles lacking. 

Thorax and abdomen.—Wings as in alate viviparous female. Hind 
tibiae 1.21mm. long. Hind tarsi .128mm. long. Tubercles apparently 
lacking on both thorax and abdomen. Anal plate entire, cauda knobbed. 
Gonapophyses large and very well supplied with hair, some of which 
originate, in light colored areas. 

This species may be collected on the under side of the leaves of Quercus 
gunnisonii a serub oak. It is never abundant and may best be taken by 
sweeping with a net. I have often taken it along with Myzocallis alham- 
bra Davidson. However it appears later than alhambra in the spring and 
remains several weeks in the fall after alhambra has disappeared. 

This species is very closely allied to three other species which have 
much in common. The species are Myzocallis kiowanica which I described 
from the same general region, Myzocallis californicus Baker and Myzo- 
callis maurert Swain which has I think unjustifiably been considered a 
synonym of californicus. Myzocallis tonkawa differs from the above 


Hottes—New Species Belonging to Genus Myzocallis 107 


mentioned species as follows: the greater number of tubercles on the 
dorsum of the abdomen, the greater number of secondary sensoria on the 
third antennal segment, although californicus may have as many sensoria 
at times as are represented by the minimum number in tonkawa. In 
californicus the first pair of abdominal tubercles is shorter than the 
second pair, which is not true in tonkawa. The radial sector is longer in 
tonkawa and forms a differed angle with the margin of the wing than 
the radial sector of the other three species. The shape of the radial 
sector and hence the shape of cell R, is also different. 

Prof. Palmer and Prof. Essig have kindly supplied me with material 
of both species for study. This material contained males which may be 
easily separated into two species on the basis of color marking on the 
dorsum of the abdomen and secondary sensoria as well as size. These 
males differed from the male here described, and should furnish a basis 
for separating californicus from maureri should other factors, such as 
size, the number of secondary sensoria, the shape of the radial sector and 
the angle it makes with the margin of the wing, and the relative length 
of the radial sector to the length of the anal vein fail as valid factors 
to differentiate the two species. 

Holotype slide deposited in the United States National Museum with 
the following data: 

U.S. National Monument Grand Junction, Colorado, Sept. 22, 1947 
Quercus gunnisonii Alate viviparous females. 

Allotype alate male Oct. 24, 1947 U.S. National Grand Junction, 
Colo. Thirty paratypes taken on various dates during 1947-48. 


108 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Pett w 4} Q 


une INSTITG > 
* JUN 20 1949 


Variona. > 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


Vol. 62, pp. 109-124 June 20, 1949 


ELEVEN NEW SUBSPECIES OF BIRDS FROM 
VENEZUELA 


By WILLIAM H. PHELPS AND WILLIAM H. PHELPS, JR. 


The senior author wishes to thank Mr. Rudolph Meyer de 

Schauensee of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- 
phia, Dr. John T. Zimmer of the American Museum of Nat- 
ural History, Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd of the Carnegie Museum, 
Mr. Emmet R. Blake of the Chicago Natural History Museum 
and Dr. Herbert Friedmann of the U. S. National Museum 
for their help in the examination of specimens in their respec- 
tive institutions. 
_ The junior author likewise is indebted to Mr. N. B. Kinnear, 
Mr. J. D. Macdonald and Mr. Usher of the British Museum 
(Natural History) for their kindness and help in the examina- 
tion of specimens in their museum during the summer of 
1948, and to M. J. Berlioz of the Muséum Nationale d’Histoire 
Naturelle of Paris for his collaboration in the examination of 
the Hummingbirds in his museum and in the Simon Collec- 
tion. 


The apparently new birds here described are in the Phelps Collection, 
Caracas, and, unless otherwise specified, the specimens listed as examined 
are also in that collection. 

Names of colors are capitalized when dircet comparison has been made 
with Ridgway’s ‘‘Color Standards and Color Nomenelature’’. 


Tinamus tao larensis, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro El Cogollal, Quebrada Arriba, Lara, Venezuela; 
altitude 1600 meters. No. 18385, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. 
Adult male collected June 29, 1942, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit 
at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from T. t. septentrionalis, and more so from T. tf. 
tao, in being lighter above, olive with dusky brown barring and speckling 
instead of bluish gray with black markings. Below paler, more brownish 
gray, less bluish gray. Differs additionally from T. t. tao in having paler 
under tail-coverts. 

Range: Mountainous region of north-central and northwestern Vene- 
zuela from the Federal District west to Lara; Mérida and, in Colombia, 
native ‘‘Bogota’’ collections. 

Description of Type: Top of head and neck gray with dusky shaft 
streaks to the feathers, hind neck with fine white speckles; back, rump 
and upper tail-coverts Dark Olive-Buff, speckled and barred with blackish, 


22—PrROoc. BioL. Soc. WASH., Vol. 62, 1949 (109) 


gun 20 1982 


110 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


with scattered small whitish spots on tail-coverts; sides of head dusky, 
speckled with white. Chin white; throat white, more buffy posteriorly, 
the feathers tipped or edged with black; breast, abdomen, sides and 
flanks olivaceous gray with fine dusky speckling; lower abdomen more 
whitish; thighs more olivaceous with dusky barring instead of speckling; 


. under tail-coverts Pinkish-Cinnamon X Cinnamon. Upper surface of 


primaries dusky, the inner vanes with bluish sheen; under surface brown- 
ish, inner half of inner webs grayish blue; exposed surface of secondaries 
and tertials, and upper wing-coverts uniform with back; under surfaces 
grayish finely barred or speckled with buffy-olive; greater under wing- 
coverts brownish, lesser ones grayish or dusky speckled with whitish or 
dusky. Tail pale olivaceous finely speckled and barred with dusky. 

Maxilla (in life) ‘‘black’’; mandible ‘‘purplish-white’’; feet ‘‘dark 
gray’’; iris ‘‘dark’’. Wing, 268 mm; tail, 95; exposed culmen, 35; 
culmen from base, 43; tarsus, 76. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Size similar‘to occidentalis. Range of measure- 
ments: two adult males (incl. type)—wing, 255, 268 (261.5); tail, 95, 
95 (95); culmen from base, 41, 43 (42); three adult females—wing, 
273-285 (279.3); tail, 110-123 (114.7); culmen from base, 43-49 (45.3). 
T. t. septentrionalis: two adult males—wing, 272, 275 (273.5); tail, 115, 
122 (118.5); eulmen from base, 41, 46 (43.5); three adult females— 
wing, 280-293 (286); tail, 98-115 (104.3); culmen from base, 41-46 
G43). 

The race septentrionalis is intermediate in coloration between the new 
sub-species and the typical form. 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

T. t. tao.— BRAZIL: Rio Tapajoz, 1¢, 22; Rio Xingu, 146, 19; 
Rio Machados, 1¢,19. 

T. t. septentrionalis—_VENEZUELA: Cerro Azul, 19; Cerro Humo, 
26,192; Cerro Negro (Monagas), 146; ‘‘Plain of Cumana’’ 191. 

T. t. larensis VENEZUELA: Cerro El Cogollal, 16 (type), 22; 
Urama, 12; Colonia Tovar, 1¢; Lagunita de Aroa, 162; Cumbre de 
Valencia, 1 juv. (?)2; Puerto de la Cruz (Dist. Fed.), 192; La Azulita, 
1 ¢3; Maracay, 1 93. COLOMBIA!: ‘‘Bogot&4’’, 1 (2); no locality, 
ih (Gp 

T. t. kleeiPERU!: Pozuzo,1¢, 292; Chanchamayo, 16,19. 


Pyrrhura picta cuchivera, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro El Negro, Upper Cuchivero River, State of Bolivar, 
Venezuela; altitude 1300 meters. No. 42330, Phelps Collection, Caracas, 
Venezuela. Adult male collected November 25, 1947, by Manuel Castro. 
(Type on deposit at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from P. p. picta, P. p. amazonum and P. p. lucianii 
in whiter throat; chin, neck, throat and anterior breast have the black 
markings of the feathers narrower and more elongated and the white 
margins correspondingly wider. 

Range: Known only from Cerro El Negro, Alto Rio Cuchivero, in the 
Lower Subtropical Zone at altitudes from 900 to 1300 meters. 

Description of Type: Forehead and anterior crown bluer than Niagara 


1Specimens in the American Museum of Natural History. 
2Specimens in the Carnegie Museum. 
3Specimens in the Chicago Natural History Museum. 


Phelps—Eleven New Birds from Venezuela Hetel 


Green; posterior crown and nape Natal Brown X Bone Brown, the feath- 
ers very narrowly edged with grayish, the posterior ones with bluish 
Niagara Green forming a narrow, partially concealed, collar; nape, scapu- 
lars and upper tail-coverts Cosse Green X Lettuce Green; back and rump 
Morrow Red; lores and sides of head Claret Brown; auriculars, except 
bases, grayish white; feathers of gular region with bluish centers. Chin 
whitish, throat and sides of neck grayish white the throat feathers with 
narrow blackish shaft streaks, wider on neck; breast with still wider 
blackish shaft markings, the edgings posteriorly tinted with yellowish 
green; anterior abdomen, sides, shanks and under tail-coverts Javel Green. 
Primaries Light Cerulean Blue; secondaries and tertials green uniform 
with scapulars; all remiges with very pale edges to inner vanes and 
dusky tips except the tertials; alula and greater wing-coverts blue 
uniform with primaries; median and lesser coverts green uniform with 
secondaries and tertials; bend of wing Searlet-Red; greater under wing- 
coverts grayish olive, lesser ones and axillaries green, uniform with sides. 
Tail Claret Brown, more dusky below, the rectrices edged externally and 
basally (except the outermost), and tipped narrowly, with green, uniform 
with scapulars. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘ grayish black’’, feet ‘‘ grayish black’’, iris ‘‘brown’’. 
Wing, 114 mm; tail, 105; culmen from cere, 14; exposed culmen, 16; 
culmen from base, 19.5; tarsus, 13.5. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Size similar to picta. Range of measurements: 
five adult males—wing, 114-118 (115.6) mm; tail, 101-111 (105.2); 
culmen from cere, 14.5-15 (14.7) ; one adult female—wing, 117; tail, 93; 
culmen from cere, 14; one adult of undertermined sex—wing, 115; tail, 
105; culmen from cere, 14. Measurements of picta: five adult males from 
La Paragua, Bolivar—wing, 119-120 (119.6); tail, 98-114 (109.4); eul- 
men from cere, 14-16 (14.6). . 

The locality of this new subspecies lies to the north and west of the 
known range of picta. The species is not known from the Upper Orinoco 
River. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

P, p. cuchivera—_VENEZUELA: Cerro El Negro, 5 6 (inel. type), 
fost (2), 

P. p. picta—VENEZUELA: Manoa, 2 ¢; Altiplanicie de Nuria, 2 ¢, 
2 2; Cerro Tomasote, 1 9; El Palmar, 1¢; El Dorado,1 ¢,1 92; La 
Paragua, 7 ¢,3 2; Cerro Tigre, 2 6,1 92; Altagracia, Upata, 2 ¢?; 
Rio Yurudén, 1 92; El Peri Mine, 5 32; La Prisién, 4 61; La Unién!, 
po 1.6%: Suapure)ieoQ ht BRITISH, GUIANA? Annan 130; 
‘‘Demarara’’, 1 (3); ‘‘British Guiana’’, 1 ¢. DUTCH GUIANAI!: 
Paramaribo, 19 ; ‘Interior of Surinam?’’, Td, 1+ (2); Rivata, 2. 3, 
2 9. FRENCH GUIANA: Tamanoir, 1 21; Pied Saut, 1 ¢1; var. 
loes., 187. 

P. p. amazonum.—BRAZIL!1: Santarem, 2 (2); ‘‘Amazon’’, 1 (2); 
Obidos, 2 6, 1 2; Calama, Rio Madeira, 3 ¢,3 9; Humaytha, 1 ¢; 
Allianea, 1 ¢; Porto Velho, 1 (?); Rio Roosevelt, 1 ¢,2 Q. 

P. p. lucianii1.—_ BRAZIL: Rio Juru4, 1¢. PERU: La Pampa, 1 ¢; 
eoNapo’’, J: \(3):, Rio Ucayali, 2.6.2 2,2: (2): Paleaza, 1 6, 2) (2). 
ECUADOR: Oroso, 4 ¢. 


Leucippus fallax occidentalis, new subspecies 
Type: From Sabaneta, State of Faleén, Venezuela; altitude 60 meters. 


112 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


No. 5579, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male collected 
March 24, 1940, by William H. Phelps. (Type on deposit at the American 
Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from L. f. fallax of the Caracas region by paler 
brown crown, much paler back, more grayish, less bluish green; under 
parts also paler, more yellowish, less salmon color. Differs from L. f. 
richmondi of Margarita Island and of the Caribbean coasts of Sucre and 
Anzoategui, by darker under parts. 

Range: The northwestern arid coast from the Paraguana Peninsula 
through Faleén and Zulia to the Goagira Peninsula; State of Lara (Hl 
Tocuyo; Barquisimeto). Northeastern Colombia on the Guajira Penin- 
sula (Rio Hacha; Parashi). 

Description of Type: Crown, back and uropygium Light Yellowish 
Olive, the feathers of upper tail-coverts edged with grayish; forehead 
more pale brownish; a small post-ocular whitish spot; sides of head paler 
brownish gray. Chin, throat, breast, sides and flanks Light Vinaceous- 
Cinnamon X Vinaceous-Cinnamon merging into the white of abdomen 
and under tail-coverts. Wings Benzo Brown, the remiges, greater and 
median upper wing-coverts very narrowly edged with grayish; lesser 
coverts Light Yellowish Olive; under wing-coverts and axillaries uniform 
with breast. Rectrices Light Elm Green, tipped with white except the 
median ones, more broadly towards the outermost; a dusky area between 
' the green and the white tips. 

Maxilla (in life) ‘‘black’’; mandible ‘‘pink, tip black’’; feet, 
‘“black’’. Wing, 60 mm; tail, 34; exposed culmen, 21; culmen from 
base, 27; tarsus, 7. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Wings longer than in fallax. Range of measure- 
ments: five adult males—wing, 60-63 (61) mm; tail, 32-34 (32.8); 
exposed culmen, 20-21 (20.8); five adult females—wing, 52-60 (57); 
tail, 31-34 (32.4); exposed culmen, 20-22 (21). Measurements of fallax: 
three adult males—wing, 54-58 (55.8); tail, 33-34 (33.6); exposed cul- 
men (2), 22, 23 (22.5); two adult females—wing, 52, 58 (55); tail, 32, 
35, (33.5); exposed culmen (1), 22; two adults of undetermined sex— 
wing, 54, 58 (56); tail, 32, 33 (32.5); exposed culmen, 21, 22 (21.5). 

Peters® says that fallax inhabits the littoral of Venezuela and he 
Ssynonimizes richmondi with it. He calls the birds of the coast of north- 
eastern Colombia cervina and comments that it is ‘‘doubtfully distinet 
from L. f. fallax’’. 

The type of cervina was examined by the junior author in the British 
Museum during the summer of 1948. It has two labels, one reading: 
‘Wilson. Leucippus cervinus. Gould. No. 236’’; the other: ‘‘Gould 
Coll. Doleromya fallax. Type of Dolerisca cervina Gould. Mon. Troch. 
Intr., p. 56. (8 vo. Ed.) d.’’ This specimen is similar to fallax of the 
Caracas region and dissimilar to richmondi of the northeastern Venezue- 
lan coast and Margarita Island in having the darker, browner head, 
darker green back and darker under parts of the typical form. It seems 
unquestionable that this specimen, the type of cervina, of unspecified 
locality, came from the Caracas region and that the name should not be 
used to designate the paler form of the northwestern coast and the 
Colombian Guajira Peninsula. 

The specimen in the British Museum listed as ‘‘b’’® has a label read- 
ing: ‘‘Doleromya fallax, Venezuela. Probably the type of T. fulviventris 
Gould. PZS, 1846:88. b.’? We have listed it provisionally as a synonym 


Pheips—Eleven New Birds from Venezuela 113 


of fallax pending an opportunity to compare it with a series of topo- 
typicals from the Caracas region which is lacking in the British Museum. 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


L. f. occidentalis. —VENEZUELA: Barquisimetol, 3 ¢, 1 2; El 
Tocuyo?, 5 6,1 2; Cumarebo, Faleén, 1 ¢; Moruy, 1 6, 2 9; Cerro 
Santa Ana, 1 2; Sabaneta, 1 ¢ (type); Urumaco,1 ¢, 2 92; Dabajuro, 
1 2; Casigua, 1 ¢; Rio Aurare, 1 $3; Empalado Sabana, 1 23; Cojoro, 
Pen. de la Goagira, 1 6,1 9,1 (?). COLOMBIA: Rio Hacha?, 1 ¢, 
3 2; Parashi, Pen. de la Guajira, 2 (?)4. 

L. f. fallax —VENEZUELA: Turiamo, 1 2; Puerto Cabello, 3 ¢, 
1 2, 2 (2); Macuto, 3 63; ‘‘Venezuela’’, 2 (?)4. 

L. f. richmondi.—VENEZUELA: Porlamar, Isla de Margarita, 5 ¢, 
Pe Curie?) 9° (3)4> Isla, de, Coche,. 1-9; Isla. Tortuga, 2 3,2. 2; 
CarGpano, 3 2,1 ¢+4; San Antonio del Golfo, 1 ¢,1 2; Laguna Grande 
del Obispo, 1 ¢, 2 (?)+*; Golfo de Cariaco, 1 (?)4; Cuman4a, 1 (?)4, 2 9, 
1 (7); Puerto de la Cruz, 1 (?); Barcelona, 7 ¢, 4 9, 1 (?)4; Piritu,- 
I. 3. 


Xiphorhynchus guttatus margaritae, new subspecies 


Type: From El Cafetal, Margarita Island, Venezuela, altitude 740 
meters. No. 3837, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male 
collected July 29, 1939, by Alberto Fernandez Y. (Type on deposit at 
the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from X. g. jardinei, from the adjacent mainland, 
and from X. g. susurrans from Trinidad and Tobago, in having fewer and 
larger spots on the throat and breast and in lacking the scale-like appear- 
aneée of the throat; it differs additionally from jardinei in being paler 
brown below, more grayish, less ochraceous; differs from X. g. demon- 
stratus in having a more spotted, less striped breast as well as a paler 
breast and abdomen, more grayish, less olivaceous. 

Range: Known only from Margarita Island. 

Description of Type:Top of head and nape dusky brown with pale 
buffy spots, larger and more elongated posteriorly; back Cinnamon 
Brown, more rufous on rump and upper tail coverts; interscapular region 
more olivaceous, the feathers with large pale buffy elongated shaft stripes 
with blackish borders; lores dusky; a white superciliary stripe, the 
feathers bordered with dusky; ear-coverts and sides of neck dusky with 
buffy shaft streaks. Chin and forethroat buffy white; rest of under parts 
Tawny-Olive, posterior throat and breast spotted with pale buffy; under 
tail-coverts and thighs more brownish. Remiges Auburn, the under sur- 
face much paler, and the primaries more dusky towards the tips; upper 
wing-coverts Tawny-Olive; under wing-coverts Cinnamon. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘gray’’; feet ‘‘gray’’; iris ‘‘brown’’. Wing, 105 mm; 
tail, 85; exposed culmen, 36; culmen from base, 39; tarsus, 24. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Size slightly smaller than jardinei and susur- 
rans. Range of measurements: three adult males—wing, 103-106 (104.5) 
mm; tail, 85-90 (87.5); culmen from base, 37-39 (38); one adult female 
—wing, 97; tail, 80; culmen from base, 37; one adult of undetermined 
sex—wing, 104; tail, 81; culmen from base, 37. Measurements of 
jardinei (from the Paria Peninsula): five adult males—wing, 106-111 

4Specimens in the British Museum. 


5Check-List of the Birds of the World. Cambridge, Vol. 5, p. 59, 1945. 
6Cat. Birds British Museum. 16, p. 177, 1892 


114 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


(108.2); tail, 88-92 (89.8); culmen from base, 40-41 (40.4); five adult 
females—wing, 106-111 (109.2); tail, 82-90 (86); culmen from base, 
37-39 (38). Measurements of susurrans: five adult males—wing, 108-114 
(111.6); tail, 79-90 (86); eculmen from base, 40-41 (40.4); five adult 
females—wing, 93-110 (99.3); tail, 70-83 (75.5); culmen from base, 37- 
39 (38). 

Until the five specimens in the Phelps Collection were obtained, only 
one had been collected in Margarita; this was obtained by Ferry, for the 
Chicago Natural History Museum and Cory® comments: ‘‘It differs 
slightly from specimens from Tobago and the mainland in having the 
under parts more olive and the shaft stripes on the head and breast 
feathers more tawny. Whether these differences are constant or not 
remains for future investigators to determine.’’ 

For the reasons for considering susurrans and jardinei as subspecies of 
guttatus, instead of maintaining susurrans as a species, with jardinei 
as its subspecies, see Phelps and Phelps, Jr. 1948:192.9 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


X. g. guttatus—BRAZIL: 12.7 

xX. g. d’orbignyanus?.—BOLIVIA: 17. BRAZIL: 7. 

X. g. eytoni_BRAZIL: 60.7 

X. g. guttatoides—BRAZIL: 92%. PERU: 62%. ECUADOR: 10%. 
COLOMBIA: 2%. VENEZUELA: 77%. Terr. Amazonas, 21. 

X. g. polystictus—BRITISH GUIANA: 77. DUTCH GUIANA: 27. 
BRAZIL: 97. VENEZUELA: 387. State of Bolivar, 54; Terr. Amazonas, 
21. 

X. g. susurrans.—TRINIDAD: 401. TOBAGO: 131. VENEZUELA: 
Guanoco, 1 ¢. 

X. g. margaritae—_VENEZUELA: Margarita Island, 3 ¢ (inel. type), 
0 OS G3) 


: » Ld, 4, 2 sy Quebrada 
Bonita, 3 6,1 23; Caripe,1 9; Cerro Negro (Caripe),1 ¢,5 9; Gua- 
rafinos, 1,9; Yaguaraparo;,1.¢,)1, 95 Cerro,Humo, 2.4, 1, Sema 
Cerro Azul, 2 @. 

xX. g. demonstratus VENEZUELA: Miranda, 7; Guarico, 3; Federal 
District, 1; Aragua, 8; Carabobo, 12; Yaracuy, 5; Lara, 6; Portuguesa, 
2; Barinas, 7; Mérida, 2; Falcén, 4; Tachira, 1; Zulia, 7. 

X. g. nanus—VENEZUELA: Guasdualito, 1 ¢,1 9; La Fria, 1 6; 
La Sabana, Perijé, 1 9. COLOMBIA: 10!. PANAMA (eastern): 101. 

X. g. marginatus—PANAMA: 171. 

X. g. rosenbergi—COLOMBIA: 71. 

X. g. costaricensis—_COSTA RICA: 291. NICARAGUA: 31, 


Dendrocincla fuliginosa barinensis, new subspecies 


Type: From Santa Barbara, State of Barinas, Venezuela; altitude 200 
meters. No. 12120, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela, Adult male 
collected March 22, 1941, by William H. Phelps. (Type on deposit at the 
American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Nearest to D. f. meruloides of the Caracas and Cumand 
regions but breast darker, more dusky, less yellowish, and above darker, 


7¥or localities see Zimmer, Am. Mus. Nov., No. 756, 2, 1934. 

8The Birds of the Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. 
Ser., 1, No. 5, p. 247, Oct. 1909 

9Notas sobre Aves Venezolanas. Bol. Soe. Ven. Cien. Nat., No. 72. 


Phelps—Eleven New Birds from Venezuela 445 


more brownish, less yellowish. Differs from phaeochroa by lacking the 
whitish chin, and by being lighter, more yellowish above. 

Range: Known from the upper Apure Valley near the base of the 
Andes, from Santo Domingo (Tachira) to La Veguita (Barinas) and in 
Turén (Portuguesa). 

Description of types: Top of head and back Brussels Brown; more 
yellowish on the rump; upper tail-coverts Auburn; sides of head, lores 
and ear-coverts dusky brown. Chin grayish brown merging into the Snuff 
Brown of the rest of under parts; under tail-coverts more rufous. Remiges 
Auburn, paler on under surface, the primaries edged apically, and broadly 
tipped, with dusky; upper wing-coverts uniform with back; under wing- 
coverts and axillaries Pinkish Cinnamon. Tail Chestnut, paler on under 
aspect; shafts of rectrices blackish above, yellowish brown below. 

Maxilla (in life) ‘‘dark olive’’; mandible ‘‘olive’’; feet ‘‘bluish 
slate’’. Wing, 103 mm; tail, 84; exposed culmen, 25; culmen from base, 
29; tarsus, 24. 

Remarks: Sexes alike in color; females slightly smaller. Size similar 
to meruloides. Range of measurements: five adult males—wing, 102-105 
(103.2) mm; tail, 78-84 (81.6); culmen from base, 27-30 (28.6); five 
adult females—wing, 93-97 (95.2); tail, 67-76 (73.2) ; eulmen from base, 
25-28 (26.8). Measurements of meruloides (from the Sucre-Monagas 
region): five adult males—wing, 97-103 (100.6); tail, 73-85 (79.6); 
culmen from base, 29-30 (29.4); five adult females—wing, 91-97 (94.6) ; 
tail, 70-82 (77.2) § eulmen from base, 27-29 (27.8). 

The specimens were collected in March and April and have breeding 
gonads. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


D. f. fuliginosa—_FRENCH GUIANA: 419, DUTCH GUIANA: 219, 
BRITISH GUIANA: 410; Kamarang Mt.,1 9. BRAZIL: 819; Kutu- 
weik Falls,1 9. VENEZUELA: Altiplanicie de Nuria, 2 ¢,1 92,1 (2). 

D. f. rufo-olivacea——BRAZIL: 2219, 

D. f. atrirostris!9“— BRAZIL: 10. BOLIVIA: 5. 

D. f. phaeochroa—VENEZUELA: Cerro Uaipaén-tepui, 1 ¢; Cerro 
Auyan-tepui, 1 ¢ ; Cerro Chimanta-tepui, 1 ¢,1 2; Cafio Pacara, 1 (2); 
La Paragua, 2 ¢; Raudal Perro, 1 9; Cerro Guaiquinima, 1 ¢,1 9; 
Raudal Capuri, 1 ¢; Cerro Arebuchi, 1 ¢, 1 (2); Cerro Paurai-tepui, 
2 2,1 (2); Sabana Kirichaé, 1 9 ; Santa Rosalia, 1 6,1 (?); El Cam- 
bur, 1 6,1 2; Cerro El Negro, 1 6; Cafio Cataniapo, 2 6,5 9,1 (2); 
Isla Raton, 2 6, 1 2, 1 (%); Cafio Cuao, 1 $; San Fernando de 
Atabapo, 2 6,3 2,4 (?); Cerro Yavi,1 6; Las Carmelitas,1 6,1 9; 
Puerto Yapacana, 1 9,1 (?); San Carlos, Rio Negro, 1 ¢. 

D. f. barinensis VENEZUELA: Santo Domingo, 2 ¢, 3 9; Santa 
Barbara, Barinas, 2 ¢ (incl. type), 1 2; Ciudad Bolivia, 2 6,1 9; 
La Vaguita, 2 6; Barinitas,2 ¢,2 9; Turén, 1 (2). 

D. f. meruloides —VENEZUELA: Cristébal Colén, 1 $ ; Cerro Humo, 
7 6; Cerro Azul, 1 9; El Pilar, 2-9, 1 (?%); Tunapui, 1 (2); Yagua- 
raparo, 1 ¢,1 92; Caripe, 3 9, 1 (%); Quebrada Bonita, 4 6, 4 9; 
Cabo Codera, 1 9; Aricagua, 1 9, 2 (2); Cerro Negro, Miranda, 1 ¢, 
1 (?); San José de los Caracas, 1 $,1 9; Hda. Altamira, 1 3; Cerro 
Golfo Triste, 2 6, 1 9, 3 (?%); Tacarigua de Mamporal, 2 6,1 9; 
Baruta, 1 9; Urama, 2 ¢,1 9; Hda. Santa Clara, 1 ¢; Hda. Panchito, 


10For localities see Zimmer, Am. Mus. Nov., No. 728, p. 19, 1934, 


116 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


1 9; Palma Sola, 1 (?); Curimagua, 6 6,4 9; Cerro El Cogollal 1 (?). 
D. f. lafresnayi— VENEZUELA: La Sabana, Perijé, 2 6; La Sierra, 
2¢,1 92,1 (?); El Vigia, 2 6; Seboruco, 3 6; Santa Cruz de Mora, 
bs. : 
D 


. f. ridgwayi4?—ECUADOR: 17. COLOMBIA: 4. PANAMA: 12. 
COSTA RICA: 6. . 


Philydor rufus cuchiverus, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro El Negro, upper Cuchivero River, State of Bolivar, 
Venezuela; altitude 1000 meters. No. 42400, Phelps Collection, Caracas, 
Venezuela. Adult male collected November 24, 1947, by Manuel Castro. 
(Type on deposit at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Nearest to P. r. columbianus and P. r. panerythrus but the 
breast is more ochraceous without any olivaceous shading; forehead, 

crown and back darker, more dusky, less yellowish. 

Range: Known only from Cerro El Negro, in the lower Subtropical 
Zone at the altitude of 1000 meters. 

Description of Type: Top of head Olive-Brown with pale inconspicuous 
shaft streaks, more Ochraceous-Tawny on forehead; back and uropygium 
Snuff Brown; lores dusky ochraceous; superciliary stripe and gular re- 
gion Yellow Ocher uniform with breast; post-ocular streak Olive-Brown. 
Throat, breast and upper abdomen Yellow Ocher merging into the Dres- 
den Brown of flanks, lower abdomen, thighs and under tail-coverts. 
Remiges Tawny, paler below, apical portions Fuscous; inner tertials 
brownish olive; greater upper wing-coverts brownish olive, median ones 
Tawny, lesser ones more olivaceous; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
Ochraceous-Tawny. Tail Tawny, paler below, the inner rectrices, and 
outer vanes of the two following pairs, brownish olive; shafts of rectrices 
brown above, whitish below. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black, base grayish black’’; feet ‘‘grayish yellow’’; 
iris, ‘‘brown’’. Wing, 95 mm; tail, 85; exposed culmen, 18; culmen from 
base, 23; tarsus, 25. 

Remarks: Size similar to columbianus. Range of measurements: two 
adult males (inel. type)—wing, 94, 95 (94.5); tail, 83, 85 (84); culmen 
from base, 23, 23 (23). Measurements of columbianus: Two adult males 
(inel. type)—wing, 92, 95 (93.5); tail (1), 84; culmen from base, 22, 
22 (22); three adult females—wing, 76-89 (83.3); tail, 79-82 (80); 
culmen from base, 21-22 (21.3). Measurements of panerythrus: two 
adult males—wing, 99, 100 (99.5); tail (1), 84; culmen from base, 21, 21 
(21); one adult female—wing, 95; tail, 86; culmen from base, 21; two 
specimens of undetermined sex—wing, 99, 104 (101.5); tail, 86, 99 
(90.2) ; culmen from base, 22, 22 (22). 

The locality of the proposed new subspecies constitutes an extension of 
the range of the species from the north coast of Venezuela, Colombia and 
from Brazil, south of the Amazon. 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


P. r. panerythrus!—COSTA RICA: Navarro, 1 2; La Estrella, 1 ¢; 
Navarrito, 1 ¢; Chiriqui, 1 (?); Boquete, 1 (?). 

P. r. columbianus— VENEZUELA: Cumbre de Valencia, 1 21; Hda 
Santa Clara, 1 6,1 92; Silla de Caracas, 1 61; Hda. Izearagua, 1 9. 

P. r. cuchiverus—VENEZUELA: Cerro El Negro, 2 ¢ (inel. type). 


Phelps—Eleven New Birds from Venezuela 117 


P. r. rivetit—COLOMBIA: Arenosas, Antioquia, 1 ¢. HCUADOR: 
Mind6é, 1 ¢; La Gualea, 1 ¢; Pichincha, 1 ¢. 

P. r. bolivianus!.—PERU: Rio Seco, 1 6,1 2. BOLIVIA: Vermejo, 
O50; Q's 

P. r. chapadensis!1.—BRAZIL: Chapada, 9 6,6 Q. 

P. r. rufus!.—BRAZIL: San Sebastian, 2 ¢@; Monte Serrat, 2 92; 
‘*Rio’’, 1 (2); Roca Nova, 1 6,1 9@; Faz. Esperaneca, 1 6,1 9; Faz. 
Cayoa, 1 6,1 9; Ponte Maromba,1 ¢; Alta de Serra, 1 ¢. ARGEN- 
PINA: lenazi,.1 6, 1.9. 


Knipolegus poecilurus paraquensis, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Paraque, Terr. Amazonas, Venezuela; altitude 1600 
meters. No. 33729, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male 
collected February 15, 1946, by William H. Phelps, Jr. (Type on deposit 
at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from all other subspecies of poecilurus by the total 
absence of any rufous on the rectrices. 

Range: Known only from the type specimen from Cerro Paraque in the 
Subtropical Zone at the altitude of 1600 meters. 

Description of Type: Top of head and back Hair Brown X Chaetura 
Drab, the rump slightly paler and upper tail-coverts with dusky centers; 
dusky centers to the feathers of crown and forehead giving a spotted 
appearance; sides of head slightly more brownish. Throat, breast, sides 
and thighs Deep .Grayish Olive, merging into the Pale Ochraceous-Buff 
of abdomen, the throat mixed with pale buffy; under tail-coverts Ochra- 
ceous-Buff. Wings Blackish Brown, the outer vanes of remiges very 
narrowly edged with grayish, except the outermost, most prominently on 
the tertials; the inner vanes edged with very pale buffy, progressively 
more extensively towards the innermost; upper wing-coverts broadly 
edged with grayish giving a mottled rather than banded appearance; 
axillaries and under wing-coverts Light Ochraceous-Salmon X Ochraceous- 
Salmon. Upper surface of tail Blackish Brown, narrowly and faintly 
barred with blackish, the outer rectrices very narrowly edged outwardly 
and apically with whitish and all the rectrices, except the central ones, 
inwardly and narrowly edged with whitish; lower aspect of tail paler. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘ brownish black’’; feet ‘‘ brownish black’’; iris ‘‘red’’. 
Wing, 75 mm; tail, 63; exposed culmen, 11; culmen from base, 15; 
tarsus, 17. 

Remarks: Size similar to K. p. salvini. Range of measurements: one 
adult male (type)—wing, 75 mm; tail, 63; culmen from base, 15. K. p. 
salvini: four adult males—wing, 75-81 (77.7); tail, 62-70 (66.5) ; culmen 
from base, 15-17 (16); four adult females—wing, 70-73 (71.2); tail, 
58-62 (60.1); culmen from base, 15-17 (16.2). K. p. venezuelanus: one 
adult male—wing, 74; tail, 63; culmen from base, 16; one adult female— 
wing, 72; tail, 61; culmen from base, 15. 

The type is in fresh plumage comparable with two specimens from Mt. 
Duida in the American Museum of Natural History and with two from 
Mts. Chimanta-tepui and Yapacana in the Phelps Collection; paraquensis 
is less whitish on the throat and breast. 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


K. p. poecilurus—COLOMBIA!: La Palma, Huila, 1 ¢, 192; La 
Candela, 1 ¢; San Augustin, 1 ¢; San Antonio, W. Col., 1 ¢; Santa 
Elena, Antioquia, 1 @. 


118 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


K. p. venezuelanus— VENEZUELA: Queniquea, Tachira, 1 6,1 9. 

K. p. salvini—VENEZUELA: Cerro Roraimal, 5 6,2 9; Cerro Uei- 
tepui, 2 ¢; Cerro Sororopan-tepui, 1 ¢, 2 9; Cerro Chimanta-tepui, 
3 6,1 23; Cerro Mura, 1 (?); Cerro Acopdn-tepui, 1 ¢, 1 (?); Cerro 
Sarisarifama, 2 (?); Cerro Yapacana, 1 92,1 (?); Cerro Duidal, 2 ¢. 

K. p. paraquensis VENEZUELA: Cerro Paraque, 1 ¢ (type). 

K. p. peruanus!.— PERU: Lomo Santo, 1 ¢, 1 9; Nuevo Loreto, 1 ¢, 
1 (%); Chaupé, 5 6,1 92; Uteuyacu, 2 6,2 9. ECUADOR: Zamora, 
2165 2° O> Guayaba, 1 6, 1 9 = Sabanilla.1.20° 


Troglodytes rufulus yavii, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Yavi, La Cumbre, Terr. Amazonas, Venezuela; al- 
titude 2250 meters. No. 37787, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. 
Adult male collected March 3, 1947, by Ramoén Urbano. (Type on 
deposit at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Nearest to T. r. duidae from Mts. Duida and Paraque but 
under tail-coverts paler, more yellowish. 

Range: Known only from Mts. Yavi and Sarisarifama in the Sub- 
tropical Zone at altitudes between 1800 and 2250 meters. 

Description of Type: Top of head, back and uropygium Hazel X Au- 
burn; lores dusky, tipped with grayish; prominent superciliary stripe 
extending from eye to neck pale buffy; wide post-ocular streak uniform 
with crown; ear-coverts buffy brown. Chin, throat and breast Pale 
Smoke Gray, whiter on abdomen; sides washed with olive brown; flanks 
Argus Brown, thighs more dusky; under tail-coverts Ochraceous-Tawny, 
narrowly barred with dusky. Wings Fuscous; outer vanes of two outer 
remiges narrowly edged with whitish; rest of remiges more broadly 
banded with pale brown on outer edges, basally; upper wing-coverts 
broadly edged with Hazel; bend of wing and axillaries whitish; under 
wing-coverts white mixed with dusky. Rectrices buffy, narrowly barred 
with dusky, the outer ones paler. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black, base flesh’’; feet ‘‘brownish black’’; iris 
‘“brown’’. Wing, 53 mm; tail, 37; exposed culmen, 13; culmen from 
base, 18; tarsus, 23. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Wings shorter than 7. r. duwidae. Range of 
measurements: five adult males—wing, 53-53 (53) mm; tail, 37-38 
(37.6); culmen from base, 16-18 (16.8); five adult females—wing, 50- 
5d (51) se tail, .34-36. (35.4). culmeny frome base, 16217 46:2) eae 
duidae:11 five males—wing, 55-59; tail, 37-41; culmen, 17-17.5; five 
females—wing, 54-47; tail, 37-38; culmen, 16-17. 

Description of juvenile (No. 19732): upper parts Auburn, the crown, 
wings and tail barred with dusky; superciliary stripe as in adult; sides 
of head mottled buffy and dusky. Chin, throat, breast and abdomen 
whitish, barred or scalloped with dusky; sides tinged with pale brown- 
ish; vent buffy; under tail-coverts Argus Brown; axillaries and under 
wing-coverts mixed grayish and dusky. 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


T. r. rufulus—VENEZUELA: Cerro Roraima, 5 ¢, 593 Cerro Uei- 
tepui, 5 6,3 9, 2 (2); Cerro Aprada-tepui, 2 $, 2 9; Cerro Chimanté- 
tepuuwowiay Oo ee. uae hs 


11Chapman, Am. Mus. Nov., No. 380, p. 22, 1929. 


« 


Phelps—Eleven New Birds from Venezuela 119 


T. r. duidae-—VENEZUELA: Cerro Duida, 1 6, 19, 371; Cerro 
Paraque, 14 6,6 2,6 (?). 

T. r. yavii.i—_ VENEZUELA: Cerro Sarisarifiama, 1 6, 1 (?) juv.; 
Cerro Yavi, 8 é (inel. type), 4 9,3 (2). 

T. r. fulvigularis—VENEZUELA: Cerro Auyan-tepui,.2¢; Cerro 
Ptari-tepui, 4 6,7 2,1 (%); Cerro Sororopan-tepui, 2¢, 29,1 (2). 


Conirostrum speciosum guaricola, new subspecies 


Type: From El Socorro, State of Guarico, Venezuela; altitude 80 
meters. No. 40231, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male 
collected June 25, 1947, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit at the 
American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: The male differs from C. s. amazonum in being paler above, 
light instead of dark blue, in this being similar to C. s. speciosum. Differs 
from speciosum in being darker below, more bluish gray. The female 
differs from amazonum in having the under tail-coverts pale yellowish 
instead of salmon or dark buffy; differs from speciosum in having a 
darker blue crown and more greenish, less yellowish, back; the under 
tail-coverts are pale yellowish instead of whitish. 

Range: Known only from the Llanos in east central Guarico and cen- 
tral Anzoategui near the Guarico border. 

Description of Type: Top and sides of head and back near to Delft 
Blue, merging into the Parula Blue of rump and upper tail-coverts. 
Chin, throat, breast and sides Pale Medici Blue X Glaucous Gray, merg- 
ing into the whitish abdomen; under tail-coverts Amber Brown. Wings 
Fuscous; remiges narrowly edged, outwardly, with Parula Blue, more 
broadly on tertials; primary coverts Fuscous; rest of upper wing-coverts 
edged with Parula Blue; a prominent white speculum exposed for 5 mm; 
under wing-coverts whitish and dusky; axillaries white. Tail Fuscous, 
paler below, the rectrices edged with Parula Blue. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black, base grayish blue’’; feet ‘‘ grayish blue’’; iris 
““dark’’. Wing, 56 mm; tail, 37; exposed culmen, 10; culmen from 
base, 12; tarsus, 14. 

Remarks: Sexes different in color. Range of measurements: four adult 
males—wing, 56-60 (57.5) mm; tail, 37-42 (39.6); culmen from base, 
12-13 (12.2). Measurements of one adult male amazonum (from Puerto 
Paez, Venezuela)—wing, 58; tail, 40; culmen from base, 12. 

Description of female: Top of head Parula Blue, slightly mixed with 
dusky; back, rump and upper tail-coverts Oil Yellow X Yellowish Oil 
Green; lores and sides of head pale buffy. Chin, throat and breast pale 
buffy; sides more greenish; abdomen whitish; thighs dusky; under tail- 
coverts pale buffy. Wings Fuscous; remiges edged externally uniformly 
with the back and internally with whitish; under wing-coverts whitish 
and dusky; axillaries whitish. Tail Fuscous, paler on under surface, the 
rectrices broadly edged externally uniformly with the back. 

The speculum in the male varies in exposure. On the type it is exposed 
only on one wing; on two specimens it is not exposed at all and on an- 
other only on one wing. 

A specimen from Puerto Paez, in the Phelps Collection, and those 
from Frechal and ‘‘Bogota’’ in the American Museum of Natural His- 
tory are intermediates and should be referred at present to amazonum. 


12Am. Mus. Nov., No. 1193, p. 11, Oct. 7, 1942. 


120 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Regarding the Frechal and ‘‘Bogoté’’ specimens Dr. Zimmer!? says: 
‘“Tt appears probable that there may be a separable form on the Surumt 
and in the Guianas (whence I have no material)—. I hesitate, there- 
fore to propose a formal separation until a good series from the critical 
region is available for study. The allocation of east-Colombian birds 
will then be open for further examination.’’ 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


C. s. speciosum.1i—PARAGUAY: Sapucay, 1 ¢,1 92; Trinidad, 1 @; 
Fort Wheeler, 1 9; Candamo, 1 ¢. BOLIVIA: Rio Cachimayo, 1 ¢. 
BRAZIL: Urucum, Matto Grosso, 5 ¢,1 9; Chapada, 5 ¢,1 2; Rio 
San Lorenzo; 2 .¢.; Corumbay, 2 ada; )Y Para 2. she ds) SoBe see 
CCR nami? 7252) LO. 

C. s. amazonum.—PERU: Upper Rio Ucayale, 1 ¢1. ECUADOR: Rio 
Suno Abajo, 1 ¢1. BRAZIL1!: Rosarinho, Rio Madeira, 1 ¢; Faro,3 6; 
Villa Bella Imperatriz, 1 9; Frechal, Rio Surumaé, 3 6,1 ¢ juv.,1 Q. 
COLOMBIA!: ‘‘Bogot4’’, 2 (?). VENEZUELA: Puerto P4ez, Apure, 
Las 

C. s. guaricola.— VENEZUELA: El Socorro, 1 ¢ (type); Santa 
Maria de Ipire,1 ¢,1 9,1 (?); Pariaguén, 1 ¢. 


Atlapetes brunnei-nucha allinornatus, new subspecies 


Type: From San Luis, State of Falcén, Venezuela; altitude 1360 
meters. No. 5948, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male 
collected March 29, 1940, by Ventura Barnés, Jr. (Type on deposit at 
the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Nearest to A. b. inornatus of western Ecuador from which 
it differs in size only, the wings and tail being longer; differs from 
santhogenys of the Caracas region and from brunnei-nucha of the Mérida 
region, and México to Pera, by lacking the pectoral band. 

Range: The San Luis mountains of Falecén and Buearal, Yaracuy, in 
the Subtropical Zone at altitudes from 1300-1360 meters. 

Description of Type: Forehead and sides of head black, the former 
with three prominent white spots; crown darker than Amber Brown; 
back and uropygium Pyrite Yellow X Warbler Green; below white, the 
hidden basal part of the feathers, except the throat, dusky; sides and 
forebreast grayish and dusky; rest of sides, flanks and thighs uniform 
with back; under tail-coverts olivaceous with buffy bars. Wings Benzo 
Brown, remiges and upper wing-coverts edged with green uniform with 
back; bend of wing Amber Yellow; under wing-coverts olivaceous and 
dusky. Tail Benzo Brown with very faint narrow dusky bands, paler 
below; outer vanes tinted with olivaceous, especially basally. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black’’; feet ‘‘blackish’’; iris ‘‘brown’’; Wing, 
82 mm; tail, 80; exposed culmen, 16; culmen from base, 18; tarsus, 30. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Range of measurements: two adult males (inel. 
type)—wing, 81, 82 (81.5); tail, 80, 82 (81); culmen from base, 18, 
20 (19); one adult female—wing, 80; tail, 81; culmen from base, 19. 
A. b. inornatus (from western Ecuador): one adult male—wing, 75; 
tail, 70; culmen from base, 19; two adult females—wing, 75, 77 (76); 
tail, 65, 65 (65); culmen from base, 18, 18.5 (18.2). Allinornatus has 
a 7% longer wing and 11% longer tail than inornatus. 


13Mutation among Birds in the Genus Buarremon. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
48, Art, 9, pp. 244. 1923 


Phelps—Eleven New Birds from Venezuela 121 


It is interesting that the two subspecies without pectoral bands are 
found so far apart (western Ecuador and northern Venezuela), their 
ranges being separated by the pectoral banded brunnei-nucha and xantho- 
genys. Chapman!3 studies the causes of the presence or absence of the 
black pectoral band in this species and says: ‘‘It is this black collar 
which is the principal mutant character and which, as I shall attempt to 
show, appears or disappears purely as an individual variation and with- 
out relation to external influences. Its perpetuation or establishment as 
a specific mark does, however, depend upon enviroment expressed in what 
is doubtless the most important external agent in promoting evolution— 
that is, isolation.’’ 

There is a specimen in the American Museum of Natural History 
labelled: ‘‘A. b. brunneinucha, 520453. Pet Grove (Petit Goave), 32 
miles west of Port au Prince, Hayti, July, 1885. C. F. Navell. ¢’’. We 
can find no published records for the species from the West Indies, so 
the above label may be in error. Regarding this specimen, James Bond, 
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, examined the 
specimen and writes: ‘‘In our opinion there can be no doubt that the 
individual was a cage-bird, possibly one that had escaped confinement. 
I have numerous records of this sort from various West Indian 
islands, ...'s’’: 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


A. b. inornatus—ECUADOR!: Los Llanos, 1 ¢; Coco, Rio Chimbo 
(2800 ft.), 2 2; Pallatanga (5000 ft.), 1 Q juv. 

A. b. brunnei-nucha.—MEXICO!1: 7. GUATEMALA!: 14. NICA- 
RAGUAI: 22; COSTA RICA1: 19. PANAMAI!: 38. COLOMBIAI!: 64. 
ECUADOR!: 46. VENEZUELA: Villa Paez, Paramo de Tam4, 1 (2); 
Paramo Zumbador, 1 ¢@, 1 2; Queniquea, 1 ¢,1 2; Boca de Monte, 
3 6,1 9,4 (2); El Valle, Mérida, 1 ¢,1 92; Péramo de Misisi, 2 ¢; 
Cerro Niquitaz,1 ¢,1 Q. 

A. b. xanthogenys VENEZUELA: Cubiro, 2 ¢,1 92,1 @ juv., 1 
(?); Cumbre de Valencia, 1 ¢; Colonia Tovar, 6 ¢, 2 2; El Junquito, 
meg, 2 *O3fa) 2) Cerro hl Ayia, 1-3, 2° ’s-No Leon, “1s, 1 ‘'€?); 
Hda. Santa Clara, 2 6; Izearagua, 1 ¢, 2 9; Cerro Negro, Miranda, 
HQ: 

_A. b. allinornatus—VENEZUELA: San Luis, 1 ¢ (type), 1 ¢ juv., 
fo > Bucaral, Yaracuy, Id. 


Atlapetes torquatus larensis, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro El Cogollal, Quebrada Arriba, State of Lara, Vene- 
zuela; altitude 1400-meters. No. 18792, Phelps Collection, Caracas, 
Venezuela. Adult male collected June 24, 1942, by Fulvio Benedetti. 
(Type on deposit at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Nearest to A. t. perijanus, from the PerijA Mountains, 
Zulia, from which it differs in having darker flanks and under tail-coverts, 
brownish olive instead of yellowish olive. Differs from phaeopleurus of 
the Caracas region in having gray superciliary stripes instead of white. 

Range: Known from the mountains in the northeastern corner of Lara 
and eastern Tachira, in the Subtropical Zone at altitudes between 1300 
and 1800 meters. 

Description of Type: Head, except throat, black with wide gray crown 
and superciliary stripes, the latter narrower and whiter anteriorly; back 


122 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


and uropygium Old Gold X Orange-Citrine; sides of neck gray. Chin, 
throat and center of breast and abdomen white; prominent black pectoral 
band; sides gray merging into olivaceous flanks and thighs, the under 
tail-coverts browner. Wings Benzo Brown, very indistinct dusky bars on 
tertials; outer vanes of remiges heavily edged with yellowish green, 
uniform with back; bend of wing Lemon Chrome; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries grayish and olivaceous. Tail Benzo Brown with indistinct 
dusky bars on median rectrices; outer vanes heavily tinted with oliva- 
ceous, darker than the back; under aspect of tail paler. 

__-Bill (in life) ‘‘black’’; feet ‘‘brown’’; iris ‘‘brown’’. Wing, 80 mm; 
tail, 77; exposed culmen, 18; culmen from base, 21; tarsus, 29. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Size similar to A. t. perijanus. Range of 
measurements: six adult males—wing, 79-85 (81.3) mm; tail, 77-82 (79); 
culmen from base, 19-21 (20.1); one adult female—wing, 83; tail, 83; 
culmen from base, 21. A. t. perijanus: two adult males—wing, 84, 84 
(84); tail, 79, 81 (80); culmen from base, 21, 22 (21.5); four adult 
females—wing, 74-85 (80); tail, 70-81 (77); culmen from base, 20-22 
(21); two adults of undetermined sex—wing, 75, 85 (80); tail, 73, 79 
(76); culmen from base, 21, 22 (21.5). 

The range of larensis (Lara and TAachira) is interrupted by assimilis 
which is known in Venezuela only by two specimens from the State of 
Mérida (Paramo de La Culata) according to Hellmayr14. Neither is the 
range of assimilis continuous since it jumps from Colombia over our 
Tachira specimens of larensis to the Paramo de La Culata. This distri- 
bution is similar to that of the species A. brunnei-nucha in which the 
subspecies inornatus from western Ecuador, without pectoral band, jumps 
over the intervening range of brunnei-nucha to the State of Falcén, in 
northwestern Venezuela where it changes to allinornatus, a race differing 
from it only in size. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED 


A. t. assimilis—COLOMBIA: El Pifion, 1 ¢1; Santa Isabel, 1 923; 
Laguneta, Cauca, 1 $1. 

A. t. basilicus—COLOMBIA!: Valparaiso, Santa Marta, 1 ¢; El 
Libano, 1 @. 

A. t. perijanus—VENEZUELA: La Sabana, Zulia, 2 6,4 9, 2 (?). 

A. t. larensis—VENEZUELA: Cerro El Cogollal, Lara, 2 ¢ (inel. 
type) ; Cerro El Cerrén, 3 ¢ ; Queniquea, Tachira, 1 ¢; Seboruco, 1 @. 

A. t. phaeopleurus—_ VENEZUELA: Silla de Caracas, 1 ¢1; Curupao, 
1g); ‘Cerro Golfogtrste, 1.3), 119.4162). 

A. t. phygas—VENEZUELA: Quebrada Bonita, 1 (?); Cerro El 
Peonia, 1 ¢; Los Palmales!, 1 6, 1 9; Cerro Negro (Monagas), 5 6, 
4 9,2 (2) juv.; Caripe,1 6; Cerro Humo, 10 6,4 2,1 (2), 1 (2) juv. 


14Bds. Americas, etc., Pt. XI, p. 418 (footnote). 


Phelps—Eleven New Birds from Venezuela 123 


I$ Los Monyes fe s° > Is) a Aved Ven) 
. 375 Ks 
‘ 


1 Bonaire 


It Aves Los Roques Dp} Granada 


1 Bigaquilla 


ee Orchile | v Los Hermanos 


[5 Las Frailes  ,. [* Los Tast.gos 8° 


rtyef- Spain 
TRINIDAD 


OZ PORTUGUESA 


i 3 Arauca = 


Ce 4 


“GUAYANA 


= 


A 


VENEZUELA 


Millas 
° 50 
Kilometros 

SO 0 150 200 250 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 


106 Acopan-tepui, Cerro 55 Caripe 
70 Altagracia (Upata) 61 Caraipano 
37 Altamira, Hda. (Carabobo) 25 Casigua 
74 Altiplanicie de Nuria 86 Cataniapo, Cano 
103 Aprada-tepui, Cerro 104 Chimanta-tepui, Cerro 
105 Arebuchi, Cerro 15 Ciudad Bolivia 
49 Aricagua 58 Coche, Isla de 
24 Aurare, Rio 1 Cojoro 
99 Auyan-tepui, Cerro 42 Colonia Tovar 
66 Azul, Cerro ; 66 Cristébal Colén 
52 Barcelona 88 Cuao, Cafio 
16 Barinitas 21 Cubiro 
22 Barquisimeto 14 Culata, Paramo de la 
44 Baruta 56 Cumana 
7 Boca de Monte 31 Cumarebo 
33 Bucaral 39 Cumbre de Valencia 
82 Cambur (El Cambur) 30 Curimagua 
49 Codera, Cabo 45 Curupao 
98 Capuri, Raudal 26 Dabajuro 


57 Cariaco, Golfo de 93 Duida, Cerro 


124 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


El Avila, Cerro 

El Cafetal (Margarita) 
El Cerrén, Cerro 

El Cogollal, Cerro 

El Dorado 

El Junquito 

El Negro, Cerro 

El Palmar 

El Peonia, Cerro 

El Peri Mine (Bolivar) 
El Pilar 

El Socorro 

El Tocuyo 

El Valle (Mérida) 

El Vigia 

Empalado Sabana 
Golfo Triste, Cerro 
Guaiquinima, Cerro 
Guanoco 

Guaratnos 

Guasdualito 

Humo, Cerro 
Izearagua, Hda. (Miranda) 
Kirichaé, Sabana 

La Azulita 

La Fria 

La Paragua 

La Prisién 

La Sabana 

La Sierra 

La Unién 

La Veguita 

Lagunita de Aroa 
Laguna Grande del Obispo 
Las Carmelitas 

Los Altos 

Los Palmales 

Macuto 

Manoa 

Maracay 

Margarita, Isla de 
Misisi, Paramo de 
Moruy 

Murt, Cerro 

Negro, Cerro (Monagas) 
Negro, Cerro (Miranda) 
Niquitaz, Cerro 

No Leén 

Paeara, Caiio 

Palma Sola 

Panchito, Hda. (Yaracuy) 
Paraque, Cerro 


Pariaguan 

Paurai-tepui, Cerro 
Perro, Raudal 

Piritu 

Ptari-tepui 

Porlamar 

Puerto de la Cruz (Anzoategui 
Puerto de la Cruz (Dist. Fed.) 
Puerto Cabello 

Puerto Paez 

Quebrada Arriba 
Quebrada Bonita 
Queniquea 

Raton, Isla 

Roraima, Cerro 

Sabaneta 

San Antonio del Golfo 
San Carlos (Rio Negro) 
San Fernando de Atabapo- 
San José de Los Caracas 
San Luis 

Santa Ana, Cerro 

Santa Barbara (Barinas) 
Santa Clara, Hda. (Aragua) 
Santa Cruz de Mora 
Santa Maria de Ipire 
Santa Rosalia (Bolivar) 
Santo Domingo 
Sarisarifmama, Cerro 
Seboruco 

Silla de Caracas 
Sororopan-tepui, Cerro 
Suapure 

Tacarigua de Mamporal 
Tama, Paramo de 

Tigre, Cerro 

Tomasote, Cerro 
Tortuga, Isla 

Tunapui 

Turén 

Turiamo 

Uaipaén-tepui, Cerro 
Uei-tepui, Cerro 

Urama 

Urumaco 

Villa Paez 

Yaguaraparo 

Yuruan, Rio 

Yapacana, Cerro 
Yapacana, Puerto 

Yavi, Cerro. 75 ks. south of 84 
Zumbador, Paramo 


m_— wu \ 2 


kt 
Vol. 6%, pp. 125-132 August 23, 1949 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


SOME WESTERN MILLIPEDS OF THE FAMILY 
CHELODESMIDAE 


By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN 


The notes and diagnoses recorded in the present paper are 
based upon material in the author’s collection at the Univer- 
sity of Utah where the types of the new forms are for the 
present retained. 


Genus CHONAPHE Cook, 1904 


Orthotype: Chonaphe armata (Harger) 

The type species has been the only one heretofore known for Chonaphe 
as here restricted by removal of Chonaphe elrodi Chamberlin to a new 
genus. Three new species are here added. 


Chonaphe armata (Harger) 


Polydesmus armatus Harger, 1872, Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 4:120. 

Chonaphe armata Cook, 1904. Harriman Alaska Exped., 8(1):56; 
*2a-2¢ ?—Polydesmus erucs Wood, 1865, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., 13:27 
? Chonaphe eruca Cook, 1904, Harriman Alaska Exped., 8(1):57. 
Type locality: Oregon. 

The form illustrated by Cook may be accepted as the true armata. 
Since eruca Wood was based upon a female only, it is doubtful whether 
it can ever be identified with certainty even as to its genus in the ab- 
sence of any type specimen. 


Chonaphe cygneia new Species 
Fig. 1 


Dorsum approximately chestnut in color, with the keels yellow. Legs 
light brown, the distal articles darkest. Antennae brown. 

From remissa differening in the general outline of the anterior lamina 
of the gonopods, in the details of the distal end of that lamina, and in 
the much larger lamina or fold on the anterior face. See further fig. 1. 

Width, 4.7 mm. 

Type locality: Washington: White Swan. One male taken May 7, 1933, 
by Wm. W. Baker. 


This is a notably smaller form than C. patriotica. 
(125) 


126 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Chamberlin—Some Western Muillipeds 7 


Chonaphe patriotica new species 


Figs. 2 and 3 


Prozonites chestnut above; metazonites chestnut to black, the keels 
in preserved specimens yellow. Legs and antennae dark brown to 
chestnut. 

The gonopods are of the same general structure as in armata but 
differ in details, especially those of the terminal portion of the anterior 
lamina as shown in figs. 2 and 3. 

Length, about 32 mm.; width, up to 6.5 mm. 

Type locality: Idaho: Fourth of July Canyon. Males and females 
taken Aug. 12, 1929, by Edith S. and R. V. Chamberlin. 


Chonaphe remissa new species 
Figs. 4 and 5 


Dorsum dark chestnut, in part blackish; keels yellow, probably faded 
from orange, excepting the anterior and posterior borders which are 
dark, the dark band of posterior border narrow. Legs lighter chestnut, 
the antennae somewhat darker. 

A smaller form than C. patriotica from which it differs also in the 
details of the gonopods, especially those of the anterior lamella, as, e.g., 
form and smail size of the lobe on its anteriar face. The general 
outline of the anterior branch is also obviously different from that of 
patriotica and armata. See further figs. 4 and 5. 

Width, 5.3 mm, 

Type locality: Washington: Puyallup. Male holotype taken by Wm. W. 

Baker. 


Genus MONTAPHE new 


Related to Chonanhe in having the gonopods much longer and more 
exposed than in Harpaphe. Differing from Chonaphe in having the 
anterior branch of the gonopods slender and bearing short, uncate 
processes distally, instead of being conspicuously laminate-cristate. 
Orthotype: Montaphe elrodi (Chamberlin). 

Montaphe elrodi (Chamberlin) 
Leptodesmus (Chonaphe) elrodi Chamberlin, 1913, Canad. Entomologist, 

Beet. hy. 

Type locality: Montana: Flathead Lake. 


Genus HARPAPHE Cook, 1904 


Orthotype: Harpaphe haydeniana (Wood). 
Harpaphe haydeniana (Wood) 

Leptodesmus haydenianus Wood, 1864, Proce. Acad. Sci. Phil., p. 10; 
1865, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 13:226. 

Harpaphe haydenianus Cook, 1904, Harriman Alaska Exped., 8(1) :59; 
*3 :4a-4e. 

Type locality: Oregon. 

Other records: Oregon: North fork of Alcea River; Laturell Falls, 


128 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Aug. 4, 1929 (Chamberlin coll.) ; Boyer, Sept. 23, 1937 (J. A. Macnab 
coll.) ; Rosy Creek, Pistol River, Aug. 3, 1945 (Ned Chapman coll.). 
Washington: Quinalt Lake; Issaquah, Aug., 1929 (Chamberlin). 
British Columbia: Cameron, Sept. 13, 1935 (Chamberlin coll.) ; Steel- 
head, 1933 (H. Leach); White Cliff; Metlakatla. 


Harpaphe clara new species 
Figs. 6, 7 


Dorsum at present dark brown or chocolate colored, with the keels 
yellow. Legs light brown. 

The posterior blade of the gonopods more strongly curved beyond 
its middle than in the closely related H. intaminata, with the upper, or 
inner, margin more concave; anterior hook relatively narrower, with 
the apical portion more slenderly prolonged; median process with distal 
margin nearly straight instead of convex. See further figs. 6 and 7. 

Width, 6.2 mm. 

Type locality: California: Santa Clara Co., Stevens Creek. Male holo- 
type taken Apr. 23, 1921, in a rotten log. 
Other record: California: Santa Cruz Co., Santa Cruz. 


Harpaphe inlignea new species 
Fig. 8 


The color of the type has faded from long preservation. At present 
the keels are the usual yellowish color and the dorsum elsewhere a light, 
in part somewhat pinkish, brown. 

The posterior blade of the gonopods moderately short, not distally 
acuminate, the end being blunt or notched as shown in fig. 8. The 
middle process with distal margin highest at anterior end as shown 
in the figure. 

Width, 6 mm. 

Type locality: California: Inwood. One male. 


Harpaphe penulta new species 
Fig. 9 


When in full color the dorsum is black, with the keels orange color, 
but these colors fade in alcohol. Legs and antennae dark brown or 
chocolate colored. 

In contrast with the distal margin of the median hook of the gonopods 
in, e.g., haydeniana, that of the present species, instead of being convex, 
is truncate or, more commonly, concave as shown in the figure, which 
see for the other features. (Fig. 9.) 

Length, about 32 mm.; width, 5.8 mm. 

Type locality: Oregon: 9 miles south of Belnap Springs. Males and 
females taken July 14, 1946, by S. and D. Mulaik. 
Other records: Oregon: McKenzie Bridge, males and females, July 14, 

1946 (S. and D. Mulaik); two miles west of Blue River, July 13, 


Chamberlin—Some Western Millrpeds 129 


1946 (S. and D. Mulaik), males and females; Lane County, near 
Vida, June 28, 1941. 


Harpaphe pottera new species 
Fig. 10 


General coloration similar to that of related species. The dorsum 
chocolate brown or mahogany colored, with the keels lemon yellow and 
the prozonites often contrasting in being lighter colored than the 
metazonites. Legs brown, and the antennae more chestnut. 


Most readily distinguished by the peculiarities of the gonopods, in 
particular by those of the principal blade which is shorter and less 
eurved than usual and has the distal margin evenly convex. See further 
fig. 10. 

Length, about 45 mm.; Width, 7 mm. 


Type locality: California: Potter Creek. Males, females and young 
individuals taken July 15, 1937, by R. V. Chamberlin. 


Harpaphe telodonta Chamberlin 
Bip, 11 


Paimokia telodonta Chamberlin, 1945, Bull. Univ. Utah, Biol ser., 
8(2) :17*33. ; 
Type locality: California: Humboldt County: Arcata. 


Other records: California: 4 miles south of Requa, on the Crescent City 
road; Prairie Creek Park, Red Wood Fork. 


EXPLANATION OF FIGURES 


Chonaphe cygneia n. sp. Left gonopod, anterior view. 
Chonaphe patriotica n. sp. Right gonopod, ectocaudal view. 
Chonaphe patriotica n. sp. Right gonopod, submedian view. 
Chonaphe remissa, n. sp. Right gonopod, subposterior view. 
Chonaphe remissa n. sp. Right gonopod, subanterior view. 
Harpaphe clara n. sp. Telopodite of left gonopod, anterior view. 
Harpaphe clara n. sp. Telopodite of left gonopod, submesal view. 
Harpaphe inlignea n. sp. Right gonopod, mesal view. 

Harpaphe penulta n. sp. Left gonopod, mesal view. 

Harpaphe pottera n. sp. Right gonopod, anterior view. 
Harpaphe telodonta (Chamberlin). Right gonopod, anterior view. 


ee a ee ee oe ee ae 


jt fet 


130 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


{ 
fi 
& 
Pee ee ae eh eee tae i a, y bik ae ie 
eee TPE Gtr eat tes CMT ETE PN ; 
ips Put Gat Cie, Oe ak) Sata SS a ae EC ee sone et Rh ca 
OFieoe Areircae edi kt Teint: Lite igen | a’ 
eit eae SECS: Oe IOLe te ee 1, Be a ea te! rere P 


Paar SCUNB orem: Ao hd Uae the Sen be BOR BVA go: igor, “Sty 
is 9 ek; ont PR Kin? 8 bend bir ierh Bk: Can tibe 
MAEVE DIRE. ih eee ACS: Wb rks er ee ay rere ; es 
wha wees) Sarees Opt oe kee ie BR r AS, Feat ees Viviaie 
iar 7 (har # Ba, Cae ee MPR Te Laas *) By oi Rage heals Cops uf tee 
ks Yep steerer a. eed tee! hon Cdk tet. Y sea aa 

Rieleell Settee Ge Bigs wae ei yg ; fi ‘ 
WR, i eater aca ers LEE. ay ry. | 
Lanuter Sn ls Wee ie 7 De ladies ssi, ages? AL Ree ela ats aig Hawk oh ee 
ake) oteeen ment tense tin Seative. . ; 
ae Debi Bie Dale 0K paatbahity:, te een Ie eek 
A ; ed a (hts ike? ee. Tike ate Roos en RO Cy RIA ‘np oe A ais. my 
a Pca fanaa eon teabecgiel 9 OS Se conih rt MES Ee ated ; 
eats Yon ne Fe} et) eee nia” stat ae ty KEES i beh Be: 
Pl tovtcdsi jee cea ee hes aS PP tar are oa PY ee ee an 
pe SENG Sy iaeisicwl Ph PPS PA elo" mis: tock Calne es ¥ 


~ 
“ 
we 
a 
“6 
> 
- 
* 
=~ 


ne have) 


or 


Re Save Reo eiseaite rl ese ETN No ee 


ere ete ee ' aT tic Oey tas d imi th. i hans P Ae Sas hey Pisin setae Bl Pe te ae A 
2 ee Sas CUBS te TRS a ee Gt aa ee ~ kapha Lande Tutte 
ee? Pt Eu. Vette TES: aA Uk Mh Oe ba cat} a 7m Listed : : 


ue ieee. mabe! A aly Pig, yes gue; ae Lm ae ie iueas. ds Bea's da 3 D2 Cee 2 et te | 
reek a." ¢ R , es 


a =o) ASRS chill unatonttt inde les Hiss 


“ 


ae A5aTe Mien Dhetannt Miaey Wenn: Dib hetd. Fake 
Paths Taine: Cecvider Ransis, Dey rhacal Cups, Piet, SA 
ce im aan ah Veraat vine! bathe SES Me wee Spuibit 


Sane aiik: psaneel rene dees iach Weed TAR ta, 
Be bors petty eaaly ne Hh AT sah tine ager: teeta 
ice ‘a oh a oe “Se nb Seda’ Ae PRM, 


? 


2 
—®. 
ta 
“a 
we 


132 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


NO 15 


ZZ 
Vol. 6%, pp. 133-134 August 23, 1949 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


CAVIES OF SOUTHERN PERU 


By Comin CAMPBELL SANBORN 


The first Peruvian cavy to be named was Cavia tschudiu 
Fitzinger 1867 based on Cavia cutlerr Tschudi 1845 from Ica, 
Department Ica, Peru. The Peruvian Zoological Expedition 
1941-42, of the Chicago Natural History Museum, collected 
a series of five topotypes of C. t. tschudu. These are brown 
above, heavily mixed with black; below light gray or buffy 
gray; collar on throat like sides but lighter; face and nose 
lighter than back; hind feet dark gray or brownish. 


A series of twelve specimens from Arequipa and Yura (northwest of 
Arequipa) differ from the Ica series in having the under parts a darker 
gray with darker collars and with a prominent white spot below the 
collar. Above, some agree exactly with Ica specimens while others are 
grayer with a greater admixture of black hairs. 

Two specimens from near Cuzco are darker still, both above and below 
but lack the white spot below the collar. 

When Thomas described C. t. pallidior he compared it with Cuzco 
specimens and with one from Tambo on the coast near Maldonado. As 
he described it as paler than tschudii he must have had dark individuals. 
A paratype of pallidior matches closely a topotype of tschudii. 

Cavia tschudu pallidior Thomas, renamed Cavia tschudit arequipae 
Osgood should be considered a synonym of Cavia tschudii tschudii Fit- 
zinger. 

It is possible that the Cuzco specimens represent an unnamed race 
that intergrades with tschudii in the Arequipa region, one being a 
coastal and the other a mountain race, but lack of material from inter- 
vening areas does not warrant its recognition at this time. 

East of the Andes in southern Peru is found a dark cavy that is here 
described as: 


Cavia tschudii osgoodi subsp. nov. 


Type.—No. 52472 Chicago Natural History Museum. Limbani, 12,000 
feet, District Limbani, Province Sandia, Department Puno, Peru. Adult 
female. Skin and skull. Collected 1 October 1941 by C. C. Sanborn. 
Original number 2906. 

Color—Very dark, almost reddish brown heavily mixed with black. 
Under parts dark buffy gray on center of belly, collar dark brown. 
Quite similar to C. t. atahualpae from Cajamarea. 


24—Proc. Biron. Soc. WAsH., Vou. 6%, 1949 (133) 
pie ITF Zs 


¥ ity 


134 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Skull.—Differs from atahualpae by the low, not arched, braincase 
and in having a much wider nasopharyngeal fossa. 


Measurement of type-—Head and body 270 mm.; hind foot 49. Skull: 
greatest length 60.4 mm.; condylo-basal length 56.0; zygomatic breadth 
31.7; interorbital breadth 11.7; mastoid breadth 25.-;.length of bulla 
13.1; nasals 20.5x7.7; upper tooth row 14.9. 


Specimens examined.—Type and three paratypes, all females. 


Remarks.—Limbani lies on the east side just over the crest of the 
Andes, in a region of clouds and heavy rain. It is the type locality of 
numerous dark colored races. This form is named for the late Dr. 
Wilfred H. Osgood in recognition of his early important work on the 
genera of the Caviidae. 


By. §" \5 


J 
Vol. 68, pp. 135-142 August 23, 1949 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


SOME RECENT COLLECTIONS OF PLETHODON 
FROM VIRGINIA WITH THE DESCRIPTION 
OF A NEW FORM 


By ARNOLD B. GROBMAN 
Department of Biology, University of Florida 


Recent collections by a number of herpetologists necessitate 
an extension of the arrangement of certain of the plethodons 
in Virginia as given in the most recent of the general reviews 
(Bishop, 1943; Grobman, 1944). The ranges of Plethodon 
richmondi and P. wehrle: are extended in Virginia and a new 
form of the flecked plethodons (Wellert Group) is described. 

Messrs. Clifford H. Pope, Harry G. M. Jopson, Hubert I. Kleinpeter, 
and Richard L. Hoffman have made separate and successful efforts to 
collect additional pertinent specimens, and have thereby contributed 
materially to these notes. I am also indebted to Dr. Doris M. Cochran, 
Mr. M. Graham Netting, and Mr. James A. Fowler for loaning me com- 
parative material from the collections under their care. 


Plethodon richmondi Netting and Mittleman 


Bishop (1943: 239) maps the distribution of richmondi as exclusive 
of Virginia, and Grobman (1944: 312) shows a single locality in Vir- 
ginia based upon a specimen in the Carnegie Museum (No. 18499) 
collected at Blacksburg in Montgomery County. The following material 
extends the range eastward well into the Valley and Ridge Province in 
Virginia and thereby confirms the Blacksburg record. A _ series of 
specimens (R.L.H.1 10, 11, 48, 99, 155, 469-72, 594-96, 759, 972-73, 990, 
992, and 1086) was collected by Richard L. Hoffman in the vicinity of 
Clifton Forge, Allegheny County. Additional new records include Por- 
ters Cave, State Rte. 42, 12 miles northeast of Clifton Forge, Bath Co. 
(R.L.H. 901); Sizer’s Cave, about 4 miles south of Newcastle, State 
Rte. 42, Craig Co. (R.L.H. 946); Natural Bridge near Buck Hill Cave 
entrance, Rockbridge Co. (J.A.F. 1051); and vicinity of Warm Springs, 
Bath Co. (J.A.F. 159). This Virginia material has not been compared 
with typical richmondi in order to evaluate racial variation. 


1Abbreviations used in this paper designate the collections of the following 
institutions or persons as follows: A.M.N.H., American Museum of Natural His- 
tory; A.N.S.P., Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; C.A.S., Chicago 
Academy of Sciences; C.M., Carnegie Museum; C.N.H.M., Chicago Natural 
History Museum; D.B.U.F., Department of Biology, University of Florida; J.A.F., 
James A. Fowler; M.C.Z., Museum of Comparative Zoology; R.L.H., Richard L. 
Hoffman; §.C.B., Sherman C. Bishop; U.M.M.Z., University of Michigan Mu- 
seum of Zoology; and U.S.N.M., United States National Museum, 


25—PRoOC. 1949 (135) 


S™P13 1949 


Nar, Ona if recliw 


1386 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Plethodon wehrlet Fowler and Dunn 


In a recent paper (Netting, Green, and Richmond, 1946) records of 
wehrlei im Virginia are discussed. An immature specimen (C.N.H.M. 
57029), presumably of this species, was subsequently collected near the 
side of the road close to the junction of State Rte. 56 and the Blue 
Ridge Parkway in Nelson County during September, 1946, by Hulda 
and Arnold Grobman. The records of Netting, Green, and Richmond 
(1946: 157-60), for Montgomery, Roanoke, and Highland Counties ex- 
tend the range of wehrlei eastward into the Valley and Ridge Province 
although these contributors are careful to point out that the habitat 
seems to be continuous from the Appalachian Plateous into the Valley 
and Ridge Province. The Nelson County record, if the salamander in 
question is correctly identified, extends the range eastward into still 
another physiographic province, the Blue Ridge. I am not able to state, 
however, whether or not it is possible to trace the habitat continuously 
between the Nelson County station and the nearest known localities to 
the west, though I doubt that there is such continuity. 


On a trip from Rochester, New York, to Gainesville, Florida, in 
September of 1946, my wife and I drove along the Skyline Drive in the 
Shenandoah National Park in Virginia. While along the Drive we 
stopped to observe casually the salamander fauna with no particular 
thought of collecting and preserving specimens. At our first stop, 
however, we came upon a specimen which we thought to be of interest 
in representing either a considerable range extension of nettingi or 
welleri or in being an example of a new form of this group of Plethodon. 
This and additional specimens were saved and subsequent examination 
suggested that the latter assumption was correct. Additional trips were 
made to obtain more material; the personnel consisted of: Aug., 1947, 
Hoffman, Kleinpeter, and myself; Sept., 1947, my wife and myself; 
Sept., 1947, Kleinpeter and S. A. Peabody; July, 1948, Jopson; and 
Aug., 1948, Pope and family. A total of thirty specimens of the new 
form was in this way accumulated. As far as I am aware, the first 
known specimen of this form was taken by my wife and so it is with 
great pleasure that I suggest the new form be ealled: 


Plethodon huldae, sp. nov. 


Diagnosis—A small fiecked Plethodon morphologically similar to 
Plethodon nettingi from which it most conspicuously differs in having 
one more costal groove and a lighter venter. 


Holotype—uU.S.N.M. 127955, collected along the foot trail to Hawksbill 
Mountain about 100 yards from the Skyline Drive at an elevation of 
approximately 3500 feet in Madison County, Virginia in the late morn- 
ing of September 5, 1947, by Hulda and Arnold Grobman. 

Paratypes—All from Virginia. M.C.Z. 26588, Madison Co., 2 miles 
north of Hawksbill Mt. at spring nearly opposite juncture of foot trail 
and Skyline Drive, 3350 feet, Sept., 1946, H. and A. Grobman; A.M.N.H. 
A53996-97, Page Co., near Skyland campsite about 1% mile southwest 
of Stony Man Mt. and about % mile west of Skyline Drive, 3650 feet, 
September, 1946, H. and A. Grobman; U.S.N.M. 127956-58, type locality, 
Aug., 1947, H. I. Kleinpeter and S. A. Peabody ; U.M.M.Z. 98748-51, 


Grobman—Recent Collections of Plethodon 137 


Madison-Page Co. line, trail to Stony Man Peak from Skyland campsite, 
3750 feet, July 18, 1948, H. G. M. Jopson; C.N.H.M. 56501-08, extreme 
northeast Rockbridge Co., 11.4 miles north of intersection of U. S. Rte. 
60 and Blue Ridge Parkway, just above point where Parkway crosses 
a branch of Nettle Creek, 3150-3300 feet, Aug. 9, 1948, C. H. Pope and 
family; C.N.H.M. 56509, Roanoke Co., on Poor Mt., a few miles south 
of Salem, 3400-3600 feet, Aug. 19, 1948, Hallowell Pope; A.N.S.P. 
26054 and C.A.S. 14682, Nelson Co., side of road near juncture of State 
Rte. 56 and Blue Ridge Parkway, 3000 feet, Sept., 1946, H. and A. 
Grobman; C. M. 28897-99, S.C.B. (3 specimens), and D.B.U.F, 2208-09, 
type locality, Aug. 7, 1947, Richard Hoffman, H. I. Kleinpeter, and A. 
Grobman. 

Deseription of the species—Plethodon huldae belongs to that group 
of Plethodon that includes richmondi, welleri and nettingi. These are 
all relatively small salamanders with a dark dorsum flecked in life with 
green, bronze, gold, silver or brassy, as described by different investi- 
gators. (The diversity of these markings may be in their recording rather 
than in their actual color.) These flecks tend to disappear in preserved 
specimens within a very short time. Of the three previously described 
forms, richmondi is characterized by a rather elongate body and, asso- 
ciated with it, a high number of costal grooves (20 to 23 as counted by 
Netting and Mittleman, 1938). At the other extreme of the series is 
welleri with, usually, 16 costals. P. nettingi generally has 18, and huldae, 
19 costals. P. c. cinereus, which I do not believe is as closely related 
to these forms as they are to each other, has a number of costals similar 
to that of huldae. In the accompanying table (Table I) there are listed 
costal groove counts made by myself within a short period of time and 
as uniformly as possible. 


TABLE I 


CosTAL GROOVE CoUNTS OF CERTAIN Forms oF Plethodon 
AS DESORIBED IN THE TEXT 


Costal Grooves Ly 16 a, 18 19 20 
CUO tke a ee, as aie 5 20 a 
BY ETAT | ale ek OR Se Bas th 4 20 2 ant 
OMe ery ae Ba a ee 2 18 4 Pie noe ee. 
ee (Cy CUREKOES a2 reset pe i 26 1 


The maximum count obtainable was recorded by including a groove 
over the axilla, whether or not it was well defined so long as there was 
room for it, and by including all grooves in the region of the groin 
regardless of any ventral anastomoses or lack of them. Counts were 
made on both sides of a specimen and recorded separately; occasionally 
a difference of one groove between the right and left sides of an indi- 
vidual was observed. No attempt was made to force agreement for it 
was thought that less bias would obtain by permitting occasional errors 
to be randomized than by subjecting selected individuals to a more 
detailed study that other specimens received. The cinereus studied were 
specimens taken with the collections of huldae. The nettingi and welleri 
counts were made on specimens from the Carnegie and U. S. National 


138 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Museums. The species of the Welleri Group, arranged in descending 
order of their costal groove counts, are: richmondi, huldae, nettingi and 
welleri. 

P. richmond, nettingi and huldae are alike in that the dorsal flecks 
are relatively discrete; in weileri they are frequently coalesced. 

The number of vomerine teeth in each series seems to be about the 
same for each form with an average number of approximately 6. 

It is, of course, almost impossible to form a reliable impression of 
maximum size without an abundance of material. With the information 
I have available at the present time, it might be said that the size order 
follows that of the number of costal grooves, but the only fair state- 
ments are that richmondi is the longest, and weileri the shortest, of the 
four. I do not have figures sufficient to establish that huldae is larger 
than netting although I suspect that that is the case. 

On the specimens I have studied, I find that the number of costal 
grooves between the toes of adpressed limbs in adults average 5 in 
welleri, 6 in nettingi and 7 in huldae. (I have chosen to use grooves 
rather than folds because the former are more discrete and do not re- 
quire the juggling of fractions the usual method does.) I have restricted 
these comparisons to adults because of the ontogenetic change that has 
been demonstrated in this character by Netting and Mittleman (1938: 
292), Grobman (1943: 9-11), and others. 

Three of the characters discussed above (grooves between adpressed 
toes, maximum size, and number of costal grooves) are obviously asso- 
ciated and probably do not indicate as much genetic disimilarity as their 
listings might suggest. If other recognizable forms within the series 
are to be expected, the most likely place would be between huldae and 
richmondt. 

The venter of huldae is progressively darker posteriorly. The throat 
is speckled, the abdomen mottled, and the tail dark. There is a similar, 
but much less pronounced anterior-posterior pattern gradient in nettingi. 
The throat and anterior abdomen of huldae are not matched by netting 
but the darker parts are. P. huldae, then, has a lighter venter than 
nettingt. 

I am indebted to Mr. Pope for the following color description of one 
of the paratypes (C.N.H.M. 56509) taken in life: ‘‘Dorsum: Ground 
color uniform dark brown, almost black. Moderately profuse silvery 
flecks over head and back; similar flecks somewhat more profuse on tail 
except near its tip where they are scarcely visible or lacking. Flecks 
about as profuse on limbs as on back. Ventrum: Purplish black with 
profuse irregularly arranged and shaped light areas. Anterior to 
gular fold, light areas become progressively more profuse until they 
predominate and finally all but replace the purplish black ones. Lower 
jaw narrowly bordered with purplish black anteriorly. Soles light 
colored except for the purplish black webbing. Limbs purplish black 
except for light creases and a very few light areas like those of the belly. 
Pattern of ventrum tends to invade lower sides. Hye: Iris black, nar- 
rowly bordered with gold above.’’ 

Habitat—The great majority of specimens were collected from under 
rocks, occasionally from under, or in, alog. The sites of collection were 
high and well forested, usually with a mixed stand of conifers and hard- 
woods. There was usually plenty of ground cover. Plethodon c. cinereus 


Grobman—Recent Collections of Plethodon 139 


was found in the same specific areas and seemed to outnumber huldae 
about 3 or 4 to l. 


Physiographic and altitudinal restrictions—All known localities are in 
the Blue Ridge Province at altitudes between 3000 feet and 3750 feet. 
The range may therefore be given as above 3000 feet in the Blue Ridge 
Province in suitable habitats between Poor Mt., Roanoke Co., and Stony 
Man Mt., Page-Madison Cos. 


Identification of cinereus and huldae—In the general area under dis- 
cussion cinereus, as far as is known, exists exclusively in the red-backed 
phase. Since huldae comes to resemble lead-backed cinereus after being 
in preservative, it may be that there are other specimens of huldae in 
collections that have been identified as cinereus. A similar situation 
existed at the time of the description of P. richmondi (Netting and 
Mittleman, 1938: 287). In the present instance the number of costal 
grooves will be of no help in segregating the confused specimens. 


Relationships in the Welleri Group—The Welleri Group consists of 
four species as presently outlined. Geographically, richmondi is related 
sympatrically to nettingi and perhaps to huldae. It is also the largest 
form with the highest costal groove count and it is suggested (which 
suggestion is in agreement with that of Green, 1938: 298-99) that a 
richmondi-like animal was ancestral to the other forms in the group. 
P. huldae, nettingi and welleri, are montane dwarf derivatives with the 
degree of differentiation being in that order. 


Use of the binomial—The most closely related form, morphologically, 
to huldae is nettingi; these forms seem to be distinct and could either be 
considered separate species or ‘‘insular’’ races. The most closely related 
form, geographically, is richmondi; there is, at this writing, no evidence 
for intergradation between the two. On the basis of present informa- 
tion and current systematic procedure, it seems more reasonable to refer 
to huldae with a binomial than with a trinomial. 


Related distributional problems—Further desirable distributional in- 
formation regarding P. huldae includes range extensions to the north; 
intermediate stations between Poor Mt. and Nelson Co.; and altitudinal 
range of the form. Collectors in the northern part of the Southern 
Section of the Blue Ridge between Poor Mt., the southernmost record 
for huldae, and Mt. Rogers, the northernmost record for welleri (Hoff- 
man and Kleinpeter, 1948: 107), should seareh for a flecked Plethodon. 
Intergrades, or an intermediate form, between welleri and huldae may 
be anticipated. Pt. Lookout, rising to above 4600 feet, might well be a 
locality involved. 


LITERATURE CITED 


BisHop, SHERMAN C. 1943. Handbook of Salamanders. Comstock 
Publ. Co., Ithaca, N. Y. Pp. i-xiv, 1-555. Figs. 1-144. Maps 1-56. 


GREEN, N. BAyArD. 1938. A new salamander, Plethodon nettingi, from 
West Virginia. Ann. Carnegie Mus., XX VII:295-99. 


GROBMAN, ARNOLD B. 1943. Notes on salamanders with the descrip- 
tion of a new species of Cryptobranchus. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Mich. .No. 470:1-12. Pl i. Fig. 1. 


140 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


1944, The distribution of the salamanders of the genus 
Plethodon in eastern United States and Canada. Ann. N. Y. Acad. 
Sci., XLV, Art. 7:261-316. Figs. 1-11. 


HorrMaN, RicHarp L. and Husert I.. KuEINPETER. 1948. A collection 
of salamanders from Mount Rogers, Virginia. Journ. Wash. Acad. 
Sci., 38(3) :106-108. 


NertTine, M. GRAHAM, N. BAYARD GREEN, and NEIL D. RICHMOND. 1946. 
The oceurrence of Wehrle’s salamander, Plethodon wehrlei Fowler 
and Dunn, in Virginia. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 59:157-160. 


Netting, M. GRAHAM and M. B. MITTLEMAN. 1938. Description of 
Plethodon richmondi, a new salamander from West Virginia and 
Ohio. Ann Carnegie Mus. XXVII:287-293. Pl. XXX, 


Be ee yes ea, eee Ne ‘ 
robman—Recent Collections of Plethodon 141 
i 4 
‘ +O 


142 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington | 


Adi V 15 


7 
Vol. 6, pp. 143-146 August 23, 1949 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF TEE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW POCKET GOPHER FROM SOUTHEASTERN 
UTAH 


By KeritH R. KELSON 


In the comprehensive taxonomic work on the pocket gophers 
of Utah, Durrant (The Pocket Gophers (Genus Thomomys) 
of Utah, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 1(1) :1-82, Aug. 
15, 1946) referred the animals from the mountains east of the 
Green and Colorado rivers in Utah to the subspecies Thomo- 
mys talpoides fossor, but mentioned (p. 22) that they were not 
typical. Furthermore, he remarked that, when more mate- 
rial became available, they might prove to be sufficiently dif- 
ferent from 7. 't. fossor to merit separation and naming. Sub- 
sequently, additional specimens were collected by field parties 
sponsored by the University of Utah Research Council. Com- 
parison of these animals with near topotypes of 7. t. fossor 
indicates that they do constitute an heretofore undescribed 
subspecies. It seems appropriate to name the new animal in 
honor of Professor Stephen D. Durrant who has contributed 
so materially to the understanding of the taxonomy of this 
croup of mammals in Utah. The name and description of the 
new form are as follows: 


Thomomys talpoides durranti new subspecies 


Type—Female, adult, skin and skull, No. 5603, Museum of Zoology, 
University of Utah, Johnson Creek, 14 mi. N Blanding, 7,500 ft., San 
Juan County, Utah; May 23, 1947; collected by Keith R. Kelson, orig- 
inal number 201. 


Range.—The mountains east of the Green and Colorado rivers in 
Utah, bounded by the southern flank of the East Tavaputs Plateau on 
the north and the Abajo [Blue] Mountains on the south. 


Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements); hind foot average for 
the species. Color: Upper parts Cinnamon-Brown grading to Cinnamon- 
Buff on flanks and inguinal region (capitalized color terms according to 
Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, 1912); underparts 
Avellaneous with deep Mouse Gray undertone; chin and openings to the 
check pouches white; ears medium in size with rounded or pointed 
pinnae, pinnae with moderate pigmentation; postauricular patches re- 


26—PRoo s L. 6%, 1949 (143) 
rx 


STP 13 1949 


N4 4 
TiONe: wacciwW 


144 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


duced, between Dusky Neutral Gray and black; proximal half dorsal sur- 
face hind feet same color as upper parts of body, distal half with short 
whitish hairs; tail white below, Cinnamon-Brown above in the proximal 
half, grading to white distally. Skull: Size medium, angular and nar- 
row; frontonasal region flat or nearly so; nasals rounded proximally; 
premaxillae extending posterior to nasals; rostrum long; interparietal 
boardly triangular; tympanic bullae large and well inflated ventrally; 
basioccipital narrow; supraoccipital markedly lengthened, developed 
as a distinct shelf rather than as a crest; upper incisors long and 
moderately recurved; molariform dentition light. 

Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements in millimeters 
of 6 males and 8 females from the type locality are, respectively, as 
follows: Total length, 208 (224-201), 208 (220-195); length of tail, 
61 (66-54), 59 (63-55); length of hind foot, 28 (32-26), 28 (31-26) ; 
basilar length, 31.6 (35.0-31.0), 30.3 (31.2-28.8) ; length of nasals, 13.7 
(14.9-13.1), 13.0 (14.1-11.9); zygomatic breadth, 20.2 (20.8-19.7, avail- 
able from only 3 males), 20.7 (21.5-19.8) ; mastoid breadth, 17.1 (17.9- 
16.8), 17.7 (18.5-16.3) ; interorbital breadth, 6.3 (6.5-6.1), 6.3 (6.5-5.8) ; 
alveolar length of upper molariform series, 7.1 (7.6-6.8), 7.2 (7.7-6.8) ; 
extension of premaxillae posterior to nasals, 0.6 (0.8-0.1), 0.5 (0.9-0.0) ; 
length of rostrum, as measured from the dorsal point of union of the 
lacrimal, frontal, and maxilla to the tip of the nasal, 15.6 (17.1-15.0), 
15.4 (16.2-14.8); breadth of rostrum, 7.3 (7.8-7.0), 7.2 (7.5-6.8). 

Comparisons.—F rom Thomomys talpoides ocius, T. t. durranti can be 
distinguished as follows: Size larger throughout. Color: Darker, brown- 
ish as opposed to grayish. Skull: More angular and massive; fronto- 
nasal region more nearly flat as opposed to gently arched; nasals and 
rostrum longer; supraoccipital shelf more pronounced, extended farther 
posteriorly; incisors markedly longer and less recurved; tympanic bullae 
smaller; interorbital breadth actually as well as proportionately nar- 
rower; anterior palatine foramina larger; interpterygoid space more 
narrowly V-shaped; interparietal triangular rather than suborbicular. 

From Thomomys talpoides winta, T. t. durranti differs as follows: 
Skull: Longer and narrower; rostrum and nasals longer; interparietal 
triangular rather than pentagonal; tympanic bullae larger and more in- 
flated ventrally; basioccipital narrower; supraoccipital a shelf rather 
than a crest; frontonasal region more nearly flat. 

From 6 males, near topotypes, of Thomomys talpoides fossor, which 
it most nearly resembles, from La Plata City, 9,200 feet, La Plata 
County, Colorado, 7. t. durranti differs as follows: Tail shorter (61 mm. 
as opposed to 65 mm.). Color: Slightly lighter dorsally in specimens 
of comparable molt; postauricular patches smaller. Skull: More an- 
gular; more nearly flat in the frontonasal region as opposed to gently 
arched; basilar length averages slightly greater (31.6 mm. as opposed 
to 30.6 mm.); extension of the premaxillae posterior to the nasals 
greater (0.6 mm. as opposed to 0.05 mm.); rostrum broader (7.3 mm. 
as opposed to 6.9 mm.); supraoccipital shelf extended farther pos- 
teriorly; interparietal averages broader in proportion to the length; 
upper incisors not as procumbent; cranial root of the zygomatic arch 


heavier. 
Remarks.—In his original description of Thomomys fossor, Allen 


Kelson—New Pocket Gopher from Southeastern Utah 145 


(Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:51, April 28, 1893) placed particular 
emphasis on the fact that the premaxillae terminated posteriorly on the 
same line as the nasals. The near topotypes from La Plata City, La 
Plata County, Colorado, available to me, agree in this character with 
Allen’s description. Other specimens of TZ. t. fossor from Colorado 
which I have examined do not agree with the description in this partic- 
ular, nor do those of the near topotypical series studied by Durrant 
(p. 26-27). Since the La Plata series also agrees with the description in 
other characters, I consider it to be fairly typical. Indeed, the variabil- 
ity is so great in animals from Colorado, assigned to T. t. fossor that 
I have studied that it seems apparent that when the species Thomomys 
talpoides of that state has been thoroughly re-studied, many of the 
animals now understood to belong to the subspecies 7. t. fossor will be 
found to comprise several unnamed kinds. 

Twelve specimens from the La Sal Mountains in Grand and San Juan 
counties, Utah, are intergrades between 7. ¢. fossor and T. t. durranti. 
The degree of intergradation appears to be proportional to the rela- 
tive distance that the La Sal Mountains are removed from the two 
type localities. They resemble 7. t. durranti in the extent of the 
supraoccipital shelf, length and curvature of the upper incisors, heavy 
anterior root of the zygomatic arch, length of the tail and overall 
coloration; they are like T. t. fossor in the length of the hind foot; 
they are intermediate between the two in the shape of the frontonasal 
region, and the posterior extension of the premaxillae; they exceed both 
T. t. durranti and T. t. fossor in total length, basilar length, and the 
breadth of the rostrum. These specimens more nearly resemble T. f. 
durranti to which they are here referred. 

Specimens from Oak Spring, Middle Fork Willow Creek, 14 miles north 
Thompson, Grand County, Utah, were considered by Durrant (p. 22) 
to be intergrades between T. ft. ocius and T. t. fossor, and referable to 
the latter. These animals are here referred to ZT. ¢t. durranti primarily 
on distributional concepts. A series of 5 specimens from PR Springs, 
43 miles south of Ouray, 7,950 feet, Uintah-Grand County line, Utah, 
and 3 specimens from Brown’s Corral, 20 miles south of Ouray, 6,250 
feet, Uintah County, Utah, are intergrades between T. t. durranti and 
T. t. ocius the range of which occurs to the north of these localities. 
In general the skulls are more like those of T. f. ocius, but show features 
of T. t. durranti in the shape of the interparietal and the size of the 
tympanic bullae. The color of the specimens from PR Springs is like 
that of T. t. durranti, while that of the specimens from Brown’s Corral 
is like that of T. t. ocius. Both are closer to T. t. ocius to which they 
are here referred. Gradual intergradation is thus demonstrated between 
T. t. durranti and T. t. ocius in a series of specimens taken along a north- 
south transect. The ranges of the two subspecies may be regarded as 
meeting between the PR Springs and Oak Creek localities or, roughly, 
along the southern crest of the East Tavaputs Plateau. Specimens from 
the vicinity of Vernal, Uintah County, Utah, north of the above locali- 
ties, were regarded by Durrant (p. 18) as intergrades between T. t. ocius 
and T. t. uinta. Durrant also commented on intergradation between 
T. t. winta and T. t. ravus (p. 16) and suggested slight intergradation 
between 7. t. uinta and T. t. pygmaeus (p. 15). Intergradation is, then, 


146 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


demonstrable in the several subspecies of the Thomomys talpoides group 
from the eastern half of Utah. 

In view of the foregoing, Thomomys talpoides fossor is no longer con- 
sidered to be a part of the fauna of Utah. 

Specimens examined.—Total, 50, from the Museum of Zoology, Uni- 
versity of Utah, distributed as follows: Grand County: Warner R. §%., 
La Sal Mountains, 9,750 ft., 3; San Juan County: 1 mi. SE Mesa R. S., 
La Sal Mountains, 9,200 ft., 4; 3 mi. W Geyser Pass, La Sal Mountains, 
10,000 ft., 5; Dalton Spring, 5 mi. W Monticello, Abajo [Blue] Moun- 
tains, 8,300 ft., 14; Gooseberry R. S., Elk Ridge, 8,300 ft., 5; Duck Lake, 
1 mi. S Gooseberry R. S., Elk Ridge, 8,400 ft., 5; Johnson Creek, 14 mi. 
N Blanding, 7,500 ft., 14. 

Contribution from the Division of Biology, Department of Vertebrate 
Zoology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 


oP 13 1949 


N, Fa 
ali oY See 


PR 


[a 
Vol. 6f, pp. 147-148 August 23, 1949 


OP THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW DRYMARIA (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) 
FROM MEXICO 


By F. R. FosBere 


Among H. §. Gentry’s Rio Mayo collections, no. 2669 is a 
slender, small-leafed species of Drymaria, at first glance re- 
sembling D. leptophylla, to which it was, indeed, referred by 
Standley (as D. tenella). Its uniform glandular puberulence, 
its broader leaves, and a slight difference in habit suggested 
that it did not belong there. Careful comparison showed 
that it is not especially close to that species and that it is 
apparently an undescribed species which may be appropriately 
named for the collector, whose explorations in Mexico have 
materially added to our understanding of its botany. 


Drymaria gentryi Fosberg, n. sp. 


Herba gracilis diffusa holo glandulo-puberula multiflora, foliis lanceo- 
latis tenuis; flores pedicellati, sepalibus inaequalibus subtrinervis, petali- 
bus sepales excedantibus valde bifidis spatulatis, staminibus 5. 


Diffuse slender herb up to 12 em. tall, branched from first node above 
the rosette, fundamentally trichotomous but with one lateral branch 
weaker or suppressed until the cyme is reached, when the central branch 
is replaced by a flower, vegetative parts and calyx thinly but prominent- 
ly glandular puberulent; rosette leaves more or less orbicular, blade 
about 2 mm. across, petiole about 2 mm. long, cauline leaves lanceolate, 
thin, up to 1 em. long, 2 mm. wide at middle, reduced upward on plant, 
obscurely 1-nerved, sub-petiolate; stipules setiform-subulate, 1-1.5 mm. 
long, more prominent above, not more than 4 at a node; cymes dichotom- 
ous, capillary, making up the upper third of the plant, with central flower 
on pedicel 5-7 mm. long, cyme with 6-7 remifications, the ultimate ones 
showing only a slight tendency to become monochasial; sepals strongly 
unequal, the outer shortest, the longest about 2 mm. long, the green 
part acute or somewhat acuminate, weakly trinerved, the central nerve 
much the strongest; petals about one and one half times as long as the 
longest sepal, deeply bifid, about two thirds or three fourths the way to 
the base, lobes broadly spatulate; stamens 5, somewhat unequal, shorter 
than sepals, anthers linear-oblong; ovary about one third the length of 
the calyx, becoming almost as long as the calyx in fruit; seeds 6-7 in 
capsule, apparently dark chestnut brown (no mature ones seen). Mezico: 
Chihuahua: Los Cascarones, Rio Mayo, on cold rock of cliffs in transition 


27—Proc. Brov. Soc. WasH., Vou. 6f, 1949 (147) 
Fem 


AUG 25 194 
at 


* 4 
t 


148 Proceedings*of the. Biological, Society of Washington 
Di dvi at y 

zone, pine slope, Sept. 11, 1936, H. S. Gentry 2669 (type sheet in U. S. 
National Herbarium, duplicates seen in U. 8. National Arboretum, Mis- 
souri Botanical Garden). Other duplicates of this collection may prob- 
ably be found elsewhere filed with Drymaria tenella, under which name 
they were originally distributed and cited by Gentry, Carn. Inst. Wash. 
Pub. 527:114, 1942. 

This peculiar species seems more or less intermediate between the 
group of small annuals centering around D. leptophylla and the group 
containing D. tenuis and D. anomala. It approaches the latter group, 
particularly D. tenuis, in its tendency for one lateral branch to be sup- 
pressed, the strong mid-nerve of the sepals, and its lanceolate leaves. The 
latter, however, are similar also to those of D. depressa, of the other 
group. The multiflorous cymes, long petals, 5 stamens, and general ap- 
pearance influence me to keep it for the present in the group with 
D. leptophylla, in which it is possibly closest to D. effusa. To this, 
however, it cannot be regarded as very close, as it differs in the broad 
leaves, acute sepals, puberulence and other features. 


S™P13 1949 


le 


Vol. 68, pp. 149-150 August 23, 1949 


NA Tio 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW SUBSPECIES OF COTTON RAT, SIGMODON 
HISPIDUS, FROM MICHOACAN, MEXICO 


By E. RayMonp HALL 


Among mammals collected in the vicinity of Zamora, 
Michoacan, in 1943, only one individual of the genus Sigmo- 
don was included. That cotton rat differed so much from 
any named kind that a manuscript description, including a 
new name, was drawn up for the animal, but being reluctant 
to propose a new name on the basis of only one specimen, I 
laid the description aside. In December past, on a visit to the 
Biological Surveys Collection in the United States National 
Museum a second specimen, from Zamora, was found. In as 
much as the second specimen agrees with the first and since 
each of the two differs from any previously described kind the 
following account is offered as contributing to our knowledge 
of this group of rodents of Austral and Tropical distribution. 


Sigmodon hispiduas atratus new subspecies 


Type.—Male, subadult, skin and skull; no. 100628, Mus. Vert. Zool.; 
642 mi. W Zamora, 5950 ft., Michoacén, México; March 27, 1943; ob- 
tained by E. R. Hall, original no. 6009. 

Range.—Known only from Zamora and the type locality. 

Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements) ; hind foot short; color 
blackish yellow on upper parts and sides; whitish on underparts, feet, 
and under side of tail; tail blackish above and haired densely enough to 
obscure the annulations; skull (see figs. 1-3) deep; anterior projection 
of maxillary arm of zygoma short and straight; anterior palatine for- 
amina constricted posteriorly. 

Comparisons.—From Sigmodon hispidus mascotensis Allen as known 
by specimens of equal age from Patzcuaro and Tacaémbaro, S. h. atratus 
differs in hind foot shorter; upper parts darker (more nearly black) ; 
tail more densely haired; skull shorter and more convex in dorsal longi- 
tudinal’ outline; anterior palatine formanina posteriorly constricted 
rather than parallel-sided; anterior process of maxillary arm of zygoma 
shorter and less decurved (less of a hook). The same differences are 
apparent in comparisons with other specimens of S. h. mascotensis from 
the state of Jalisco, more exactly from Tuxpan, Las Canoas and 
Artenkiki., 

Remarks.—The short hind foot, the relatively hairy tail with resultant 
concealment of the annulations on the tail, and the high degree of con- 
vexity of the skull dorsally in the longitudinal axis are points of re- 


28—Proc. Bron. Soc. WAsH., Vou. 6f, 1949 (149) 
pe 


” 


\ J 
150 Proceedings*of the Biological Society of Washington 
* ‘ ‘@ a 


a 
semblance to the S. melanotis group of cotton rats. Nevertheless, the 
differences between S. h. atratus on the one hand and Sigmodon meta- 
notis Bailey and Sigmodon alleni Bailey on the other hand, are of such 
a nature that I judge the newly named animal to bear no close relation- 
ship to S. melanotis and S. alleni. From them, S. h. atratus differs in 
more grayish and less reddish upper parts, and longer (but no more de- 
curved) anterior process of the maxillary arm of the zygoma. In these 
two respects the newly named animal shows greater resemblance to 
Sigmodon hispidus. Furthermore, some specimens of Sigmodon hispidus 
mascotensis from other localities in Michoac4n (Queréndaro, 1 specimen; 
Huacana, 8; Los Reyes, 3; La Salada, 2), like S. h. atratus, have a short 
and straight anterior process on the maxillary arm of the zygoma, and 
the specimens from Los Reyes are almost as dark as S. h. atratus. The 
above evidence is the basis for regarding the newly named kind of 
Sigmodon first as more closely allied to Sigmodon hispidus than to Sig- 
modon melanotis and second as only a subspecies of Sigmodon hispidus. 

The constriction of the posterior part of the anterior palatine fora- 
mina, so well shown in the holotype of S. h. atratus and present in lesser 
degree in the referred specimen from Zamora, appears rarely as an in- 
dividual variation (unrelated to age or sex), at least in northern popu- 
lations of Sigmodon hispidus. In S. h. atratus our knowledge of the con- 
stancy of this feature and its taxonomic worth, therefore will remain 
uncertain until more specimens of S. h. atratus are available. 

The specimen of 8S. h. atratus from Zamora (@Q no. 120268 U. S. 
B. 8.) is slightly the older of the two but unfortunately has a broken 
skull. The younger specimen is selected as the holotype because its 
skull is intact. 

Acknowledgment is made to Dr. H. H. T. Jackson and Mr. Stanley 
P. Young for their courtesy in allowing use of materials in their charge 
and to Miss Annie M. Alexander and the John Simon Guggenheim Me- 
morial Foundation for assistance with the field work in Michoacan. 

Measurements (first the type and second no. 120268).—Total length, 
228, 245; length of tail, 112, 113; length of hind foot, 30, 33; length 
of ear from notch, 18, ; weight, 53.2, grams; basal length, 
25.7, ; length of nasals, 11.2, 11.4; zygomatic breadth, 18.0, : 
mastoid breadth, 12.8, 13.5; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.1, 
6.1. 

Specimens examined.—T wo, the type and one from Zamora. 

Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 


Q 
. 


Transmitted January 2, 1948 


PLATE IX 


Fias. 1-3. Three views of the skull of the type specimen of Sigmodon 
hispidus atratus. X 1. 


il oe 


S=P13 1949 


2 DP 
Vol. 6%, pp. 151-152 M4 Ni 1ONAL wuseo™ August 23, 1949 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW BRUNFELSIA FROM BRAZIL 


By C. V. Morton 


Investigations of the genus Brunfelsia (Solanaceae) have 
uncovered the following new species, previously misidentified. 


Brunfelsia amazonica Morton, sp. nov. 


Lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice abrupte acuminata, basi 
cuneata, subcoriacea, nitida, fere glabra; flores solitarii vel bini, pedicel- 
lis elongatis, curvatis, apice incrassatis; calyx campanulatus, irregular- 
iter 5-lobatus, glaber; corolla hypocrateriformis, tubo crasso, limbo 
amplo, patente. 

Shrub, branchlets subterete, about 3 mm. in diameter, glabrous, shin- 
ing, the cortex exfoliating, the internodes normally 1-2 em. long; petioles 
short, 3-5-mm. long, 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous, transversely corrugate; 
leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 6-11 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 em. broad, abruptly 
acuminate at apex, the apex itself rounded, entire, subcoriaceous, deep 
green, shining and glabrous above, beneath paler and glabrous except 
for scattered microscopic hairs, the lateral veins about 5 pairs, strongly 
arcuate and anastomosing well within the margin; inflorescence terminal, 
1 or rarely 2-flowered, the peduncle very short or none, the pedicels 
elongate, 15-19 mm. long, stout, conspicuously thickened toward apex, 
glabrous; calyx green, campanulate, 9-12 mm. long, glabrous, shining, 
irregularly 5-lobate, the lobes ovate, strongly unequal, 2.5-6 mm. long, 
acute; corolla whitish, hypocrateriform, about 3 em. long, the tube 
cylindric, 2-2.3 em. long, 2.5-3 mm. thick, lacking an annulus within, 
glabrous, the limb spreading, 2.5 em. wide or more, the lobes subequal, 
ovate-orbicular, about 1 em. long, filaments adnate to corolla for most 
of their length, the shorter ones free for 3 mm., the longer for 5 mm., 
glabrous; anthers included, orbicular, the cells completely confluent; 
style glabrous, included; stigma bilobed; ovary conic, 2 mm. long, gla- 
brous. 


Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,693,434, collected at 
Estrada da Raiz, Manaos, State of Amazonas, Brazil, in secondary forest, 
March 24, 1937, by A. Ducke (no. 430). A second specimen with the 
same data but collected March 18, 1943, is also in the National Her- 
barium. 

The type specimen was identified by Dr. Ducke as Brunfelsia guianensis 
Benth.1, a little-known species described from two specimens from French 
Guiana and Surinan, collected by Perrottet and Hostman (no. 1278) re- 
spectively. Certain details of the description suggested that Dr. Ducke’s 
plant was misidentified and consequently Dr. Cotton was asked to supply 


29——Pro. Brot, Soc. WasH., Vou. 6%, 1949 (151) 
ae 


. 


the Biological dtietly of Washington 


152 Proceedings 


a photograph of these two collections. He replied that he was unable 
to locate a Perrottet specimen at Kew, but that there were two sheets 
of the Hostman plant, one from the Bentham Herbarium. This sheet, 
which must be considered as the type of the species, Dr. Cotton very 
kindly lent for study. The specimen consists of a single branch, bear- 
ing 6 leaves, one complete flower and two old flowers represented by 
calyeces only. The label reads, ‘£1278 Brunfelsia guianensis Benth, in 
DC. Prod. 10:200, Arbor, fil. candidus, Surinam, Hostmann 1843.’’ 
Bentham’s description of the fruit was doubtless taken from the Per- 
rottet specimen, which is probably in the Paris Museum. 
Brunfelsia amazonica is surely distinct from B. guianensis, the prin- 
cipal characters being shown in the following key: 
Corolla tube very slender, about 0.8 mm. thick; corolla limb about 1.5 
em. wide; calyx about 6 mm. long; pedicels straight, very short, 
3-4 mm. long; leaf blades obovate, strongly attenuate at base, the 
lower surface bearing numerous miscroscopic hairs... B. guianensis. 
Corolla tube stouter, 2.5-3 mm. thick; corolla limb 2.5 em. wide or more; 
calyx about 9 mm. long; pedicels curving, 15-19 mm. long; leaf 
blades oblong-elliptic, cuneate at base, nearly glabrous beneath. 
B. amazonica. 


1In DC. Prodr, 10:200. 1846. 


we Y 
S=P13 1949 
/ 


“ATionay wyse™ 


mi Yl 


a 
Vol. 6%, pp. 153-154 August 23, 1949 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW SUBSPECIES OF FUNNEL-EARED BAT 
(NATALUS MEXICANUS) FROM EASTERN 
MEXICO 


By W. W. DALQUEST AND E. RAYMOND Hau 


When Natalus mexicanus was named in 1902 by Gerrit S. 
Miller, Jr. (Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 399), it 
was known to have an extensive geographic range in Mexico. 
Nevertheless, only a few individuals were available from any 
one of the several localities of known occurrence, and most of 
the specimens were preserved in alcohol. Consequently, it 
was impossible to learn much from this material about indi- 
vidual variation and it was difficult to learn much about 
geographic variation. Specimens recently obtained in large 
series and mostly prepared as conventional study skins with 
skulls, reveal that there are two well-marked color phases and 
also that there is geographic variation in color and in size 
of skull. In the dry region of. Baja California (type locality 
of N. mexicanus at Santa Anita) and northwestern Mexico, 
bats of the species concerned are pale and have small skulls. 
In eastern Mexico the animals are constantly different in their 
darker coloration and they have large skulls. The dark- 
colored animal with the large skull appears to be an hitherto 
unrecognized subspecies which may be named and described 
as follows: 

Natalus mexicanus saturatus new subspecies 


Type.—Male, adult, skin with skull, no. 23815, Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. 
Kansas; 3 kilometers east of San Andreas Tuxtla, 1000 feet elevation, 
Veracruz, Mexico; 10 January 1948; obtained by Walter W. Dalquest; 
original no. 8621. 

Range.—Eastern Mexico from southern San Luis Potosi to Campeche; 
southern extent of range unknown. 

Diagnosis.—Total length 99 (96-105) mm. with tail comprising half 
this length; skull with long (6.9 mm.) maxillary tooth-row; skull with 
almost vertical occiput and conspicuous suleus at posterior border of 
parietals; color dark, pelage in red phase ranging from near (14 j) 
Amber Brown (eapitalized color terms after Ridgway, Color Standards 
and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912) to between Burnt 
Sienna and Chestnut; in ‘‘gray’’ phase near (hk) Clay Color. 

Comparison—From Natalus mexicanus mexicanus known to us by 
seven specimens from Baja California (6 from Las Cuevas, 23° 34’ N, 
109° 39’ W and one from Santa Anita) and 49 from 4 miles north of 
Alamos, Sonora, topotypes of Natalus mexicanus saturatus differ as 
follows: maxillary tooth-row longer; color darker; in red phase, near 


2 
30—Proc. Brou. Soc. WAsH., Von. 69, 1949 (153) 


AUG 0 « 
a : J i94g 


Bee bear, 
\ j 
154 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 
“See, hd : 2 rs é ad ; 


Pose 
a 


(14 7) Amber Brown to between Burnt Sienna and Chestnut instead of 
Cinnamon Buff to between Yellow Ocher and Cadmium Yellow; in 
‘‘gray’’ phase near (h) Clay Color instead of grayish to Avellaneous. 

RKemarks.—Natalus mexicanus has been recorded from Central America 
but by us no specimens have been examined from areas south of Mexico. 
Consequently we do not know the southern extent of the geographic 
range of the subspecies here newly named; we suppose that N. m. 
saturatus is the name applicable to Natalus mexicanus of Central Ameri- 
ea although the possibility is recognized that an unnamed subspecies 
occurs there. 

Among specimens from the type locality of N. m. saturatus, the palest 
individual in the red phase is darker than the darkest individual in that 
phase from Baja California and Sonora. The one topotype of N. m. 
saturatus in the gray phase likewise is darker than any animals in the 
corresponding color phase from Baja California and Sonora. Intergrada- 
tion is indicated by the intermediacy in color of a specimen in the 
United States National Museum from Mojarachie, Chihuahua. In other 
features this specimen agrees with N. m. mexicanus. Seven specimens 
in the U. 8. National Museum from Rosario, Sinaloa, and one from 
Itzatlan, Jalisco, are like N. m. mexicanus in length of tooth-row, 
length of skull, and contour of posterior part of roof of braincase. Only 
in color do they show some, but slight, approach to the darker N. m. 
saturatus. Finally, the specimen from eight kilometers northeast of 
Antiguo Morelos is slightly lighter than topotypes of N. m. saturatus 
and therein could be thought of as showing some approach to N. m. 
mexicanus. In other features, however, this specimen agrees with N. m. 
saturatus. 

Natalus mexicanus saturatus, here newly named, is a strongly marked 
geographic race especially as regards color. It is noteworthy that of 
the 59 skins examined from the state of Veracruz (see below) only one 
(K. U. no. 17845) is in the gray phase; all the others are in the red 
phase. 

Acknowledgment is made of assistance from the Kansas University 
Endowment Association with the field work which yielded the series of 
specimens from Sonora and from Veracruz. We are grateful to those 
persons in charge of the collections of the United States National 
Museum, the Biological Surveys Collection, and the Museum of Verte- 
brate Zoology for lending us comparative materials. 

Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements, in millimeters, 
of ten adult females from the type locality, are as follows: Total length, 
99(96-105); length of tail, 49.6(47-52); ear from notch, 15.1(13-16) ; 
greatest length of skull, 16.2(16.0-16.6); zygomatic breadth, 8.3(8.1- 
8.4); interorbital constriction, 3.2(3.1-3.2); breadth of brainease, 
7.7(7.6-7.9); maxillary tooth-row (including canine, 6.9(6.7-7.0); 
breadth across last upper molars, 5.3(5.1-5.3). 

Specimens examined (Unless otherwise indicated in the Univ. Kansas 
Mus. Nat. Hist.).—Total number, 93, distributed by localities as follows: 
San Luis Potosi: 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 1. Veracruz: San 
Andreas Tuxtla, 1(U. S. Nat. Mus.); 3 km. E San Andreas Tuxtla, 
88(ineluding 10 skeletons and 20 alcoholics). Campeche: Apazote, 
1(U. S. Nat. Mus.); La Tuxpena, 2(U. S. Nat. Mus.). 

Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 
December 9, 1948. 


S™=P13 1949 


Bes Na } a ee 
Vol. 6Z, pp. 155-158 TIONAL-aysee™ August 23, 1949 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


TWO NEW ORIOLES FROM THE PHILIPPINES 


By E. T. GiuLiarp 


During current studies of Philippine birds based on large 
comparative collections recently obtained by a joint expedi- 
tion of the American Museum of Natural History and the 
National Museum of the Philippines to the peninsula of 
Bataan, two new races of Oriolus chinensis were found and 
the validity of a third form substantiated. 


I am greatly indebted to Dr. Ernst Mayr who has read the manu- 
script for many valuable suggestions. 


An examination of 130 Black-naped Orioles from the islands of Fuga, 
Luzon, Mindoro, Samar, Negros, Mindanao, Basilan and the Sulus re- 
veals the existence of five well-marked races, two of which remain to be 
named. Racial characters are predicated on depth of yellow forehead, 
degree of yellow on primary coverts and inner secondary tips, and, to 
‘a minor degree, on size. Generally speaking, the yellow forehead be- 
comes narrower (with consequent increase in width of black nape band), 
and the yellow tips of the primary coverts and inner secondaries de- 
crease to the point of obsoletion from north to south (N. Luzon to 
Basilan Island), In dimensions the species tends to become larger than 
average in Northern Luzon, extreme Southern Luzon and in the Sulu 
Islands. Distinet racial populations inhabiting north-central Luzon in 
the north and the Mindanao-Basilan area in the south are about equal 
in size. 

Adult males and females are bright yellow. Meinertzhagen’s observa- 
tion (Ibis, 1923:72) that adult females have ‘‘back green, not yellow, 
central rectrices green, not black,’’ applies to subadult females and im- 
mature males. Sexual dimorphism, as noted for this species in the 
Philippines, is restricted to a slight mean difference in size, the females 
being smaller. 


Oriolus c. chinensis Linnaeus. Black-naped Oriole 


Oriolus chinensis Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 1766, p. 160: China 
(error), Cochinchina (ex. Brisson) — Manila, Meinertzhagen, (Ibis, 
1923, p. 72). 


In assigning a precise type locality to this race Meinertzhagen (1923: 
72) writes: ‘‘... the name chinensis is clearly applicable to one member 
of this group, which induces me to accept it for the Philippine bird, to 
which the deseription and plate most closely agree. In the days of Bris- 
son, type-localities were very vague and the Philippines might easily 


31—Proc. Brow. Soc. WasH., Vou. 6% 1949 (155) 
2 


AUG 2 = 
as ; 


- 
ray _ 


1949 


fe . 
f ' 
‘ 1 
% . 


156 Proceedings-of the Biological Society of Washington 


wat 


EON AR 


be held to be covered by the general term China. As the type locality 
of chinensis, I cite Manila.’’ 


Adult examples in the American Museum of Natural History from 
the vicinity of Manila (1 ¢, San Mateo; 1¢ San Juan, Laguna de 
Bai; 5 g ¢@,4 9 9, Lamao, Bataan) agree well together. However, 
they are quite different from a long series of specimens from Sorsogon, 
extreme southern Luzon, and from a single specimen from Fuga island 
off the northern tip of Luzon, both of which are described below. In 
fact, the characters distinguishing each of the three races are sufficiently 
vivid to permit accurate field identification. 


Oriolus chinensis fugaensis new subspecies 


Type: No. 670475. American Museum of Natural History (Rothschild 
Collection). 9 ad. Fuga Island, off the coast of northern Luzon, 
Philippine Islands, April 15, 1895. Whitehead Collection. 


Diagnosis: Nearest to chinensis but differing by reason of much more 
extensive yellow forehead patch and longer wings (see table of mea- 
surements). In chinensis the forehead patch is never more than 23 mm. 
in depth, terminating on the center-line of the crown just behind the 
eyes. In fugaensis the patch is 30 mm. deep terminating on the occiput. 


Measurements of type: Wing 159 mm.; tail 104; bill from anterior 
edge of nostril 25; tarsus 29. 


Range: Known only from the type locality. 


MEASUREMENTS 
fugaensis Wing Tail Bill 
1 @ Fuga Island 159 104 25 
chinensis 
3 9 9 Lamao, Bataan 148-154 96.5-100 24-25 
5 &@ @ Lamao, Bataan 151.5-155 = 98.5-105 24-26 
1 ¢ San Mateo, N. of Manila 154 101 
1 ¢ San Juan, E. of Manila 156 102.5 25 
sorsogonensis 
7 @ @ Sorsogon 156-164 102-111 24.5-26.5 
6 9 9 Sorsogon ~  -149-157.5 98-104 24.5-26 
5 @ @ Tayabas 154.5-159 = 103.5-106.5 24.5-26 
2 99 Tayabas 154 103-105 24.3-27 
4 ¢@ ¢ Mindoro Island 155-160 103-105 25-27 
yamamurae 
1 @ Samar Island 158 102 26.5 
1 © Negros Island 157 108 25 
5 @ @ Mindanao Island 153-156.5 100-106 25-28 
2 ¢@ ¢ Basilan Island 154-155 101-105 25-27 
suluensis 
3 ¢ 4 Sulu Islands 148-156.5 111-118 25-26 


It is remarkable that the population of chinensis inhabiting the south- 
ernmost portion of Luzon should differ from birds living about Manila, 
Perhaps an explanation is to be found in the fact that the species 
chinensis thrives in the semi-open lowlands and is restricted both by 


Giliard—Two New Orioles from the Philippines 157 


forested hills of moderate height and by belts of original tropical jungle. 
In this connection it is pertinent to note that a series from Infanta, on 
the eastern coast of Luzon at approximately the same latitude as that 
of Manila, which lies on the western coast, is closely similar to the 
southern Luzon race, now to be described: 


Oriolus chinensis sorsogonensis, new subspecies 


Type: No. 94316. American Museum of Natural History. ¢ ad. 
Sorsogon, southern Luzon, Philippine Islands. March 22, 1903. Collected 
by Dr. E. H. Porter. 


Diagnosis: Similar to chinensis but with a much narrower yellow fore- 
head and perceptibly larger wings and tail (see table of measurements). 
The yellow forehead patch is never more than 16 mm. deep with a maxi- 
mal terminal point on the mid-crown between the eyes. 


Measurements of the Type: Wing 159.5 mm.; tail 106; bill from an- 
terior edge of nostril 26; tarsus 29.5. 


Range: Southern Camarines province, Luzon. A series from northern 
Camarines (Tayabas) contains a few intermediates but in general is 
more closely related to sorsogonensis. This is true of 4 Mindoro ¢ ¢ 
which agree in size with Sorsogon ¢ ¢ but have somewhat larger yellow 
forehead patches; as observed in the series of ¢ ¢ from Tayabas. This 
race probably ranges to the islands of the Sibuyan Sea. One Samar 
island ¢ before me_is intermediate between sorsogonensis and yama- 
murae but closer to the latter. It agrees with Sorsogon birds in size 
and depth of yellow forehead but retains the distinct black wings of the 
southern form. 


Oriolus chinensis yamamurae Kuroda 


Oriolus chinensis yamamurae Kuroda, 1927. Tori, vol. 5, no. 23, p. 
257, (Basilan Island). 

Five ¢ 6 form Mindanao and 2 ¢ ¢ from Basilan Island are similar. 
Together they differ considerably from all other Philippine races by 
having wings black without yellow tipping on primary coverts and inner 
secondaries. Although described as differing from the nominate form 
mainly by smaller size, there is no appreciable difference, as pointed out 
by Mayr in Delacour and Mayr, 1945: Zoologica, Vol. 30, pt. 3, Nov. 15, 
1945, p. 117). 

In coloration yamamurae is similar to suluensis from which it differs 
by reason of a much shorter tail. It differs from the nominate form 
by having a much narrower forehead patch (not exceeding 12.5 mm. in 
depth) and, in this respect, is but slightly smaller than sorsogonensis 
which has the forehead patch not exceeding 16 mm. ; 


Range: Mindanao and Basilan Islands. Also Samar? and Negros? 


Remarks: A single Negros Island 9 before me is slightly larger 
(wing and tail) than any in the Mindanao-Basilan series, but otherwise 
it is similar. 


2 


158 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


A, 


Vol. 62, pp. 159-160 


S"P13 1949 


é 


August 23, 1949 
aN 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


SOME OBSCURE APHID SPECIES 
KF, C. Hortes 


Aphid taxonomists lacking a catalogue of the Aphiddae of 
the world have come to rely on such excellent species and 
food plant lists as those published by Davidson, Patch and 
Wilson, for checking older literature for aphid specific names. 
It is the purpose of this paper to add some specific names 
not listed in these works and to recognize a species heretofore 
considered a nomen nudum. 


In 1814, in his usual brief and unsatisfactory manner Rafinesque 
described two aphid species which he placed in the genus Aphis. The 
only reference to this early work by Rafinesque in Aphid literature I 
am aware of, is found in a foot note on page 25 of the 1860 publication 
of Passerini. Without mentioning the species by name, Passerini rejects 
them, as must we because of the poor descriptions. The names however 
should become a part of aphid literature so as to prevent their being 
reused within the genus Aphis. The species are Aphis striata Raf. 1814 
and Aphis montana Raf. 1814. Aphis montana is described as having 
the antennae bent which is not a characteristic of the family Aphidide, 
and one might question the species belonging to the family except for 
the mention of the cornicles as ‘‘2 pointes noires.’’ 

In 1818 Menke described briefly in both German and Latin a new 
species belonging to the genus Aphis to which he gave the name versicolor. 
He had collected the species on the leaves of ‘‘Hainbuchen’’ (Horn- 
beam). Hagen credits Aphis versicolor to Menke but mentions only the 
second edition which was not published till 1840. The species appears 
to be a nomen nudum I find no dark species as having been described 
from the host mentioned. 

In British Entomology Volume XII part 577, under number 27 but 
not a part thereof, Curtis described as new Cinara symphiti. The only 
mention of this species known to me was called to my attention by Dr. 
Frederick Laing of the British Museum. It is that of Walker who con- 
siders symphiti to be a synonym of Aphis costata Zetterstedt. This is 
most likely correct but one wishes the description by Curtis of the 
antennae and legs agreeded as well as the description of the wings with 
the published descriptions of costata. The type apparently is not in the 
Curtis collection which is now in the British Museum. 

The name Aphis limoni Contarini 1847 occurs a number of times in 
Aphid literature but is not mentioned by Davidson, Patch or Wilson. 
The species was described by Contarini in the second volume of Venezia 
EH Le Lagune on page 190. This work is exceedingly rare. I have been 
informed that the four insects described in it are not mentioned in 
Oshanin’s Catalogue, nor did Sherborn include them in his Index Ani- 
malium. MDisconzi in 1865 mentions the species and briefly describes it. 
F. Schumacher, 1918 mentions this species in connection with a work 
published in 1843 apparently in error, and quotes the original descrip- 
tion in full as published in 1847. Lambers, 1939 considers Aphis limoni 
Contarini to belong to the genus Staticobium Mordvilko and lists Aphis 
limonit Walker as a synonym. One may question the validity of this 
Synonymy but to do so one must place considerable stress on the differ- 
ences in color, Walkers species being described as green of various 
shades by Theobald, as dirty green or dirty reddish by Lambers. Conta- 


32—PrRoc. Bron. SoC. WASH., VOL. 6%, 1949 (159) 
Ze 


AU 
q 


5 


$25 1946 


% 


xy ~. ‘, , ent . ‘ © 
160 Proceedings ofthe Biological Society of Washington 


rini describes his species as ‘‘E di un color rosso carico di sangue o 
pavonazzo.’’ The species described by Walker is a homonym of the 
species described by Contarini and if not a synonym the next available 
name is that of Macrosiphoniella staticis Theobald. 

In his 1887 work Oestlund names a ‘‘pale red or pinkish’’ aphid 
taken on the roots of Trifolium repens, Aphis trifolii. There is no 
formal description of the species nor are specimens in the Oestlund 
collection of the University of Minnesota, of this date under this name. 
One would be inclined to consider this species a nomen nudum where 
it not for the fact that Davis, 1908 in a discussion of Aphis bakeri 
Cowen mentions sending specimens determined as trifolii to Oestlund 
and of his reply as follows: He believed the specimens to be the same 
species described by him some twenty years ago and named Aphis 
trifolii; though he had never seen the adult form before, either spurie 
or migrants and his original description was based. only on the larve. 
The Davis slides remain in the Oestlund collection and it is from these 
that a new lectotype for the species should be selected. 

It is true that Oestlund described trifolii as a subterranean species and 
one feeding on the roots which is not true of Aphis bakeri. It is obvious 
however that Oestlund was not the original collector and thus relied 
on the uncritical observations of another, who may have taken the shed- 
like structures often constructed by ants over the basal parts of the stems 
and crown of the plant for the surface of the soil. 

Despite the fact that there is almost no possibility of supporting the 
contention that Aphis bakeri Cowen is a synonym of Aphis trifolit 
Oestlund on the presence of preserved specimens, on the basis of the 
entire agreement as to color and on Oestlunds statement to Davis that 
he believed specimens sent him by Davis to be the species described by 
him as trifolii Aphis bakeri Cowen is declared a synonym of Aphis 
trifolua Oestlund. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


CoNTARINI, NICOLA BERTUCCT. 
1847. Venezia E Le Sue Lagune. Volume Secondo p. 190. Copy 
in Library of Congress. 
CuRTIS, JOHN. 
1835. British Entomology Vol. XII part 577. 
Davis, J. J. 

1909. Studies of Aphidide I. Annals of the Entomological Society 

of America Vol. II, no. I,p. 259. 
LAMBERS, D. HILLE Ris. 

1939. Contributions to a Monograph of the Aphidide of Europe. 

Temminckia Vol. IV, p. 69. 
MENKE, KARL THEODOR. 

1818. Pyrmont und seine Amgebungen mit besonderer Riicksicht auf 
seine Mineralquellen, historish, geographish und medicinish 
dargestellt . p. 152. Copy in John Crerar Library Chicago. 

OESTLUND, O. W. 

1887. Synopsis of the Aphidide of Minnesota. Bulletin No. 4 
Geographical and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. 
Pp. 55. 

RAFINESQUE, C. S. 

1814. Précis Des Découvertes Somiologiques ou Zoologiques et 
Botaniques. Palerme. p. 28. Copy in Library United States 
Department of Agriculture. 

ScHUMACHER, F. 

1918. Deutung der von Contarini als neu beschriebenen Hemipterem- 
Arten. Entomologische Mitteilungen. Band VII, Nr. I/3 
pp. 32-34. 

WALKER, F. 

1852. List of Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the collection 

of the British Museum, part IV, p. 957. 


VV lO 


ae 
Vol. 6%, pp. 161-162 August 23, 1949 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


AN ADDITIONAL FORM OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN 
GRASSHOPPER SPARROW 


By ALEXANDER WETMORE 


A recent check on the forms of the South American Grass- 
hopper Sparrow, Myospiza humeralis has brought to attention 
avery distinct subspecies, hitherto unrecognized, in collections 
made in the arid Guajira Peninsula of northeastern Colombia 
and northwestern Venezuela. The new form may be known as 


Myospiza humeralis pallidula, subsp. nov. 


Characters: Similar to Myospiza humeralis humeralis (Bosc)! but de- 
eidedly paler above, with the dark streaking much reduced both on back 
and crown, the brown edgings more extensive and lighter in color, and 
the gray tones lighter; sides and flanks paler; definitely lighter colored 
than any of the other known races, 

Description: Type, U. 8. Nat. Mus. No. 370,276, male adult, from 
Maicao, Guajira, Colombia, taken April 14, 1941, a A. Wetmore and 
M. A. Garriker, dr orig, no. 11,385). Center of crown pale smoke gray, 
bordered on either side by broad darker bands where the feather centers 
are dull black bordered narrowly with pale smoke gray anteriorly, the 
paler border replaced posteriorly by edgings of sayal brown that become 
progressively broader, until at the level of the center of the crown they 
largely replace the black; superciliary line from base of bill to about 
center of eye wax yellow, changing then to pale smoke gray; hindneck, 
back and rump sayal brown, with edgings of pale smoke gray; middle 
ot back with restricted median dull black streaks; rump and upper tail- 
eoverts wood brown, with slightly paler edgings and concealed darker 
shaft streaks; bend of wing empire yellow, changing to pale lemon yellow 
beneath the alula; primaries and secondaries fuscous; wing-coverts 
vinaceous-buff changing externally to tilleul-buff, with concealed portions 
dull black; primary coverts fuscous, edged lightly with vinaceous-buft ; 
primaries edged narrowly with tilleul- buff; secondaries bordered broadly 
with sayal brown, this edging changing distally to tilleul-buff; rectrices 
fuscous, edged narrowly with tilleul-buff, and tipped indistinctly with 
dull vinaceous-buff; lores and space around eye dull grayish white; 
cheeks light grayish olive, with a narrow post-ocular streak of sayal 
brown; throat, lower breast and abdomen dull white; upper breast and 
sides dull light buff; flanks and under tail-coverts dull pinkish buff; under 
wing-coverts white; inner webs of primaries toward base vinaceous-buff 
as seen from underneath. Maxilla fuscous-black, mandible light drab; 
tarsus and toes wood brown (from dried skin). 

Measurements: Male, type, wing 58.2, tail 48.0, culmen from base 
11.4, tarsus 19.2 mm. 

emails (2 specimens), wing 56.0-56.7, tail 44.1-44.4, culmen from base 
11.7-11.9, tarsus 19.3-19.8 mm. 

Range: The Guajira Peninsula, where recorded at Maicao, Puerto 


— 


1Tanagra humeralis Bose, Journ. Hist. Nat. (Choix des Mém.), vol. 2, no. 17, 
September 1, 1792, p. 179, pl. 34, fig. 4. (Cayenne.). 


33—Proe, AVASH., VoL. 6f, 1949 (161) 


SONIAN INST, 


stp t 3 1949 


162 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Lépez and Puerto Estrella, Colombia, and at Paraguaipoa, Zulia, Vene- 
zuela. 

Remarks: In the vast range of Myospiza humeralis, from Colombia 
and Venezuela south to northern Patagonia, there is considerable in- 
dividual variation within comparatively narrow limits, but except for 
the new form here described, relatively slight differences that can be 
correlated with geographic distribution as a basis to separate subspecies. 
One of the principal individual variants, found mainly in M. h. humeralis, 
is an occasional example of a slightly rufescent phase. The more north- 
western birds in northern Colombia are darker, and are recognized as 
the subspecies columbiana. The more southern ones are grayer and are 
separable as xanthornus. The race tarijensis, which is not available to 
me at the moment, as said to resemble xanthornus but to differ in 
slightly larger size. Other names that have been proposed fall as syn- 
onyms. 

It has been a matter of note therefor to find that the Guajira birds 
are set apart from all others, completely and definitely, by their decidedly 
paler coloration. This is especially remarkable when it is recalled that 
many regions in the far south inhabited by these birds are equally arid. 
While Carriker and I prepared only three specimens, these differ so 
radically from all others seen that I have no hesitance in describing them 
as a new form. In fact I find that I noted in my journals their pale 
color when seen in life. The three that we secured come from Maicao 
and Puerto Ldépez where the birds were fairly common. Others were 
seen at Puerto Estrella to the north of the point last mentioned. 

W. H. Phelps, Jr., has kindly compared for me two males in the 
Phelps Collection from Paraguaipoa in the Venezuelan section of the 
Guajira Peninsula, his observations demonstrating that these two birds 
are pallidula as indicated by their paler color. This point is probably 
near the southern limit of the race. 


SP 13 1949 
NA nok ecows 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


2 
Vol. 6, pp. 163-164 August 23, 1949 


A NEW HARVEST MOUSE FROM MICHOACAN, 
MEXICO 


By E. RaymMonp Haut and BERNARDO VILLA R. 


In preparing a check-list of the mammals of the state of 
Michoacan we have had occasion to identify some harvest mice 
of the species Reithrodontomys chrysopsis, which species lives 
mostly on the upper slopes of the higher volcanoes of the 
southern edge of the table land of Mexico. In 1914 when 
Howell (N. Amer. Fauna No. 36) revised the genus Reithro- 
dontomys, he had a total of only 27 specimens of the species 
R. chrysopsis. Twenty-five of these, including 7 from Mount 
Tancitaro, in Michoacan, he referred to the subspecies R. c. 
chrysopsis. From this westernmost record station of occur- 
rence, J. S. Candy in 1940, and F. C. Wonder in 1941, ob- 
tained in all 22 specimens at elevations of 6000 to 11000 feet. 
This series shows well the variation with age and reveals, in 
comparison with topotypes of Reithrodontomys chrysopsis 
chrysopsis Merriam, from Mount Popocatepetl, that the ani- 
mals on Mount Tancitaro pertain to an heretofore unnamed 
subspecies which may be characterized and named as follows: 


Reithrodontomys chrysopsis seclusus, new subspecies 


Type.—Male, adult, skin and skull; no. 52114 Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus. 
(4th Hoogstrool Mexican Biol. Expedition) ; Mount Tancitaro, 7800 ft., 
Michoacan, Mexico; June 30, 1941; obtained by F. C. Wonder, original 
no. 1036. 

Range.—Mount Tancitaro, Michoacan, 6000 to 11000 feet or higher. 

Diagnosis.—Size small (see measurements); color near (14’j) Cinna- 
mon-Brown (color terms after Ridgway, Color Standards and Color 
Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912) on upper parts and sides; over- 
laid with blackish on back; in some specimens suggestion of Ochraceous- 
Tawny lateral line; brainease globular; upper molars with accessory 
cusps between main cusps. 

Comparison.—From three January-taken faontyles of R. c. chrysopsis, 
seclusus differs as follows: Body, hind foot and ear shorter; color every- 
where darker red, that is to say, nearer Cinnamon-Brown than Ochrace- 
ous-Tawny; skull averaging larger in every measurement taken except 
least interorbital constriction which is more; consistently smaller in 
basilar Jength, mastoid breadth, alveolar length of upper molar tooth- 


34—-Proc. Biou. Soc. WASH., VOL. 6A, 1949 (163) 
: 


AUG 23 194¢ 


fe ' ay % 


164 Proceeding o the»Brological Society of Washington 
SSiegecaaaeranet 

row and postpalatal length. Specimens of equal age, as judged by 

amount of wear on the first upper molar, were used in comparisons; the 

differences, therefore, are not ascribable to age. 

Remarks.—Our topotypes of R. c. chrysopsis are in full winter (Janu- 
ary) pelage whereas all the specimens of R. c. seclusus were taken in 
June and July. Therefore, the differences in color mentioned above may 
be of seasonal rather than geographic significance. The pelage of 
seclusus is the shorter and its tail is less heavily haired. The ears of 
R. ce. chrysopsis are blackish whereas those of seclusus are reddish, and 
we doubt that this difference is seasonal. However this may be, the 
lesser size and cranial differences serve fully to permit of differentiating 
seclusus from R. c. chrysopsis. We have no specimens available of R. c¢. 
tolucae, R. c. perotensis or R. c. orizabe but of these subspecies, tolucae 
and perotensis are lighter-colored (instead of markedly darker) than 
chrysopsis, and orizabe was said in the original description to be of the 
same color as chrysopsis, but by Davis (Journ. Mamm., 25:394, 1944) 
to be a synonym of &. c. perotensis. R. c. seclusus, therefore, is the 
darkest of the four geographic races which now are recognized. — 

We thank Messrs. Karl P. Schmidt and Colin C. Sanborn of the Chi- 
eago Natural History Museum for the opportunity to study the speci- 
mens from Tancitaro, are grateful to the University of Kansas Endow- 
ment Association for funds supporting the field work which was pro- 
ductive of the topotypes of R&. c. chrysopsis, and to the Comisién Impul- 
sora y Coordinadora de la Investigacion Cientifica for assistance with the 
investigation of Mexican mammals. 


Measurements, in millimeters, of topotypes of two subspecies of 
keithrodontomys chrysopsis 


Bile 
44 © 
BY eae 3 aq 
me etol, Sint Swart mS & 
44 Sat HO 2 P sStse Ge ae 
yo SB howtrateledas St veer gel dae ee ie 
a & 2 bo wo = 8 =e enue 
BBs pak Siege Borde oe Bonn’ mete ee 
Z = mM <a HH See Se -Q a mS 4S 
R. c. seclusus, Mt. Tancitaro, 7800 ft. 
51411 Chi.M. ¢ ad. 173»... 98... 19.0...15.9) (17.3. .10:4 93.3) eee 
52114 Chi.M. 6 ad. 173 100 19.1 14.1. 17.0 10.5 323 Soe eeeee 
52115 Chi.M. ¢ ad. 170.» 84,..19.2) 94.1. 27.0.8 0.5, 8:3 see 
Rk. c. chrysopsis, Popocatepetl, 3450 mts. 
1681" BV.RD Sad.” 173" 195° 49.9 “17> 17S) 10S Sa oe 
1683 EVR. "2 ‘ad: 182° °'94° 20.0 17.5' 17-8 "10.9 “3S. 4.05 7s 
T6842 BeV Re OS sad) Pres e210 G0" 818.0 10S to. oe 
17980" Kaul 7°98 “ad 189°" 107° 20.50" 19:0 ~ 18.0 10.7 3.2" S07 ee 


Specimens examined.—Twenty-two, all from Mount Tancitaro, Micho- 
acan, distributed by altitude as follows: 6000 ft., 5; 7800 ft., 10; 10500 
ft., 1; 11000 ft., 1; no altitude recorded on label, 5. 

Contribution from the Institute de Biologia de la Universidad de 
Mexico and the Musewm of Natural History of the University of Kansas. 

Transmitted August 9, 1949. 


— 


Vol. 62, pp. 165-168 November 16, 1949 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


ANEW TRIMETOPON (OPHIDIA) FROM GUATEMALA 


By L. C. Stuart 
Laboratory of Vertebrate Biology, University of Michigan 


During the course of investigating the herpetofauna of the 
southwestern highlands of Guatemala in 1947, the writer had 
the opportunity to spend some ten days at a coffee finca on 
the Pacific slopes. While raking in the mulch that accumulates 
in the coffee groves, I encountered, along with Rhadinaea 
lachrymans, Nima s. sebae, Geophis nasalis, and Adelphicos 
g. sargu, a small snake which appears to be new to science, 
and may be assigned tentatively to the genus Trimetopon 
Cope. 

As investigations into the nature and composition of the Middle 
American ophidian groups allied to the genus Rhadinaea Cope have 
progressed, the genus Trimetopon has become increasingly difficult of 
definition. Originally diagnosed as possessing a single prefrontal and a 
reduced number of dorsal scale rows (15), the genus has been redefined 
to include species with two prefrontals and 17 scale rows. Dunn! es- 
sayed a redescription of the group on the basis of the four species known 
to him at the time. Since then two Trimetopons have been named and 
in this paper I add another two. As the genus now stands, therefore, it 
cannot be differentiated from Rhadinaea, though it is possible that a 
reexamination of all material may reveal some hemipenial or tooth 
character by which the genus may be defined. In the opinion of the 
writer, however, the genus represents an unnatural group of species 
which appear to have had independent origins, in part at least, from 
several Rhadinaean ancestors, or, rather, Rhadinaean-like prototypes. 

Not withstanding, the writer believes that, on the basis of our present 
knowledge, the genus is of value. In assembling under it a group of 
forms which in morphological characters and habits show some simi- 
larity and which would, for the present, confuse rather than clarify the 
nature of some other genus into which they might be forced, Trimetopon 
is worthy of recognition if its possible shortcomings are kept in mind. 
For my good friend and hospitable host, Sefor don Walter Hannstein of 
Finea La Paz and Panajachel, I am, therefore, pleased to name 


Trimetopon hannsteini new species 


Holotype.—University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology No. 98756. 
An adult male collected at Finca La Paz (18 kilometers [straight line] 


1DPunn, E. R., eT PTET Tinea aa from Costa Rica.’ Copeia, 4, 1937: 
oo NIAN INS 


@rPRoo. Brow. Soo. La Nor, 62, 1949 (165) 
} V 


NOV131949 
E 


Mea >, : ae 


NOV 1 6 1949 


166 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


due north of Coatepeque), Department of San Marcos, Guatemala, May 
14, 1947. Elevation, 1,450 meters. 

Paratypes.—University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology Nos. 98753- 
55, 98757. Collected with the holotype. 

Diagnosis.—A small snake differing from all other species currently 
included in Trimetopon in possessing two prefrontals (eliminates gracile 
and simile), 17 dorsal scale rows (eliminates barbouri), eight suprala- 
bials (eliminates posadasi, slevini, and viquezi), and a single postocular 
(eliminates veraepacis, discussed below). 


Description of holotype.—A full colubrine complement of normal head 
scutes. Rostral broader than high; visible from above. Two internasals; 
broader than long and only about one-half as long as the paired pre- 
frontals. Frontal pentagonal; longer than its distance from the tip of 
the snout. Supraoculars long and narrow; equal in length to the pre- 
frontals. Nostril between two nasals. Loreal slightly longer than high. 
One pre- and one postocular. Temporals 1 + 2. Eight supralabials, the 
fourth and fifth entering the eye. Hight infralabials, four in contact 
with the anterior chin shields which are longer than the posterior ones. 
Eleven slender teeth on the maxilla; increasing in size posteriorly. These 
followed by a diastema (?) behind which lie two stout, slightly enlarged 
teeth. Dorsal scales without apical pits, in 17 longitudinal rows through- 
out the body length. Abdominals 147; pre-anal divided; subcaudals 70. 
Supra-anal scales with low, but definite keels. Body length, 232 mm.; 
tail length, 92 mm. 

The hemipenis of the species is short, extending only to the sixth sub- 
caudal in the inverted position. In contrast to Cope’s figure? of that of 
T. pliolepis (= gracile) which is colubrine in structure, the hemipenis of 
T. hannsteini is typically xenodontine with a divided sulcus spermaticus, 
slightly bifurcate distally, and capitate or at least moderately so. The 
sulcus lies on the medial side of the organ and originates occasionally 
as two groves which join as the calyculate portion of the hemipenis takes 
form, and bifureates about halfway up the length of the organ. The 
medial side of the hemipenis, except for one or two large spines flanking 
the sulcus at its base, is entirely calyculate. The lateral side, except at 
the very tip, is spinous. On this latter side there are two large basal 
hooks concealing two smaller ones. Above these basal hooks are two 
patches of small spines separated by a naked area. Proximally these 
spines are scattered or arranged into three irregular rows which merge 
into a single row distally where the spines become shorter and more 
slender. Each spinous patch is comprised of about 25 individual spines. 


Inasmuch as the color of the holotype is somewhat darker than that of 
the paratypes, its pattern is difficult to discern. The top and sides of the 
head are dark brown minutely flecked with lighter shades; each supra- 
Jabial with an irregular white spot. The lower jaw is cream-color heavily 
dusted with brown on the infralabials. There is a trace of a white collar 
on the nape which is definitely apparent only ventro-laterally and is 
merely indicated dorsally by light spots. Ground color of the dorsum 
dark brown flecked with lighter shades. There are nine longitudinal 
stripes on the dorsum which are produced by a darkening of certain 
portions of the various scale rows, and which are disposed as follows: 


2Cope, E. "“D. “The Classification of the Ophidia,’’ Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., 
18, 1895: Pl. 20, Fig. 1. 


Stuart—A New Trimetopon from Guatemala 167 


lateral edges of the abdominals and the ventral one-quarter of scale 
row one; dorsal one-half of scale row one and ventral one-half of scale 
row two; dorsal one-half of scale row three and ventral one-half of scale 
row four; dorsal one-half of scale row five, all of scale row six (except 
for light flecks on its center) and the ventral one-half of scale row 
seven; center one-half of the vertebral scale row. Undersurfaces of tail 
and body, except for the edges of the abdominals, immaculate cream- 
color. 

Variation.—The paratypes are like the holotype in all essential fea- 
tures. Ventral scutellation varies as follows: 


. Number Sex Abdominals Subcaudals 
98755 3} 144 broken 
98753 3 141 72 
98754 Q 150 63 
98757 Q Juy. 153 66 


Of the nature of the maxillary dentition of this species I cannot be 
certain. In Nos. 98754 and 98756 there appears to be a diastema, 
though this may be a space left by a shed tooth. In Nos. 98753 and 
98755 there is no indication of a diastema. In all the specimens the last 
two or three teeth are stouter than the others. The total tooth count 
varies 10-13. 

The only other variability in the type series worthy of note is the 
color. The holotype is by far the darkest of the lot. The pattern of the 
paratypes is, therefore, more apparent than in the holotype, especially 
the white collar. 

Comments.—I have previously noted that a species described by Stuart 
and Bailey? under the name of Rhadinaea veraepacis might better be 
allocated to the genus Trimetopon. I take this step at the moment be- 
cause in its general features the species is very similar to others as- 
signed to this same genus. It was noted in the original description that 
veraepacis was something of a waif in the Rhadinaea picture. It is, 
however, not very different from hannsteini and may well be related 
to it. Dunn‘ has already suggested a barbouri-viquezi-slevini chain. 
Thus three very definite groups might be sorted out in the genus as 
now constituted. Based upon a very little material personally examined 
and upon the literature® relating to the genus, it may be summed up as 
follows: 


Ema ere SERIRSNNS| FTCA EST NG PRE SI ee B 
eee et unter epbay® Teg he pe ok gracile 
Memes PUNE Rens hae ae eae ETE Sy I ae et She 

Perec wi) pre ramones eye en, 
C. Dorsal seales in 15 longitudinal rows__...___.__________barbourt 
ec. Dersal scales in 17 longifudmal rows... LD 


8Stuart, L. C., and Joseph R. Bailey, ‘‘Three New Species of the Genus 

oe from Guatemala.’’ Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 442, 
9 

4Dunn, E. R., “New and Noteworthy Pornctotos eal Material from Panama.” 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 92, 1940: 118. 

SDunn, EH. R., “New Snakes from Costa Rica and Panama.’ Occ. Papers 
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5. 1930: 330-32. 

Dunn, op. cit., 1937 and 1940. 

Slevin, Joseph R., ‘‘A New Central American Snake.’ Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 
23 (4), 1936: 79-81. 

Stuart and Bailey, op. cit. 


168 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


D. Seven sipralahigie: ek elt eee a ee E 
i: SAM single wpostocular yi Bi wie | Te ee ee posadasi 
HEE “Pwo. postoculars: 28.50.) oe Oe Se F 

F. Paired light spots on nape; no dark stripe on scale 
BOW) tae ph Duane <0 es Raa! sare a Nein slevini 
FF. No light nape spots; a dark stripe on scale row 
Bish BLs OD Ct Bok AR ic Sali, ak ae A yiquezi 

DD, Might supralabials:o: 8 a ee G 
GA single; postocular 2. 20r Way toot eae aes hannsteini 
GG. Two, postociiltks 22" Ss wea aha ea veraepacis 


Acknowledgements.—For their courtesy in submitting their opinions 
on the species described herein, I wish to thank Dr. Joseph R. Bailey 
of Duke University and Dr. E. R. Dunn of Haverford College. 


‘4.06783 


Vol. 62, pp. 169-172 November 16, 1949 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW SUBSPECIES OF HARVEST MOUSE 
(REITHRODONTOMYS) FROM CENTRAL AMERICA 


By Emmet T. HOOPER 
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology 


The excellent series of specimens of harvest mice obtained in 
El Salvador by R. A. Stirton and associates at the University 
of California makes possible clear appraisal of variation in the 
species Reithrodontomys mexicanus in that part of Central 
America. To judge from those specimens, several populations 
of Rk. mexicanus in El Salvador differ from one another in ex- 
ternal and cranial features. Each is partly or completely iso- 
lated by inhospitable terrain. As now sampled, however, none 
alone appears to be sufficiently unique to warrant recognition 
by name, for reasons that will be given in a detailed treatment 
of the genus now in preparation. Instead, by reason of mor- 
phological features common to all, in contrast to those of 
other populations of Rk. mexicanus, they may be considered 
conveniently as comprising one geographic race, which may 
be known as 


Reithrodontomys mexicanus orinus, new subspecies 


Type.—Adult male, skin and skull, No. 98459, Univ. Calif. Mus. Vert. 
Zool.; El Salvador, Dept. Sonsonate, about 12 miles southeast of Son- 
sonate, near summit of Balsam Range, Hacienda Chilata, elevation 2,000 
feet; collected 12 May 1942 by M. Hildebrand; original No. 1465. 

Distribution.—Mountain slopes of El Salvador and of southeastern 
Guatemala. Known range from San Rafael and Lago de Amatitlan, 
Guatemala, southeast in the coastal chain of volcanoes to the Balsam 
Range, El Salvador, and southeast on the southern flanks of the interior 
highlands of Hl Salvador as far as Cerro Cacaguatique. Vertical range 
from 2,000 feet at Hacienda Chilata to 6,400 feet on Los Esesmiles, El 
Salvador. 

Characters and Comparisons——Upper parts Ochraceous-Tawny or 
Tawny (Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, 1912), the 
tawny bands of the underfur but slightly obscured by the black bands 
of the comparatively few guard hairs. Underparts white or creamy 
white, the hairs Dark Plumbeous basally, except on throat where they 
are white throughout. A blackish eye ring. Ears Cinnamon-Drab to 
Fuscous. A longitudinal, Fuscous stripe of varying width and length on 
the upper s refoot and hind foot, the remainder of the 


MAGNIAN INST 
quetbpioe, Buon, WA Ops. Vou. 62, 1949 (169) 


Novisi9gg \ 
= os 1 S 1949 


aa ies 


170 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


upper surface white. Tail Fuscous, and monocolor or slightly paler ven- 
trally. Skull of moderate size (for the species) with shallow brain case, 
long rostrum and incisive foramina, small molar teeth, and small audi- 
tory bullae. 

R. m. orinus resembles &. m. lucifrons in body size, and both races are 
characterized by bright tawny coloration, which in full adult pelage com- 
pares favorably with that of Peromyscus nuttalli aureolus. The upper 
parts of the race orinus, however, average paler and the underparts are 
usually white, rather than Light Pinkish Cinnamon as in Jlucifrons. 
Cranially, orinus differs from lucifrons as follows: shallower brain case; 
relatively! longer rostrum (averages 91 per cent of brain case depth in 
orinus and 87 per cent in lucifrons); shorter palate; longer incisive 
foramina (average 50 per cent of brain case depth, compared with 47 
per cent in lucifrons); and smaller auditory bullae. 

From howelli, orinus differs in larger size, paler upper parts (the 
orange bands similar in hue but the black bands more abundant), rela- 
tively broader zygomata, narrower and longer rostrum, longer palate, 
and smaller auditory bullae. 

Compared with orinus, ocotepequensis is smaller and much darker dor- 
sally; it has a shorter tail and smaller skull, with relatively smaller 
brain case, narrower zygomata and larger auditory bullae. 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes, in millimeters, of six adult 
topotypes: total length, 181 (175-187); tail vertebrae, 108 (100-126) ; 
hind foot, 19 (18-21). Greatest-length of skull, 23.1 (22.6-23.4); zygo- 
matic breadth, 12.0 (11.5-12.6); breadth of brain case, 11.0 (10.7-11.4) ; 
depth of brain case, 8.6 (8.2-8.9); interorbital breadth, 3.6 (3.4-3.7) ; 
breadth of rostrum, 4.2 (3.9-4.3); length of rostrum (from notch, 
near lacrimal, on anterior inner border of zygomatic arch anteriorly to 
tip of nasal), 8.3 (8.0-8.8); length of hard palate, 3.4 (3.2-3.5); length 
of incisive foramen, 4.3 (4.1-4.6); alveolar length of molar row, 3.2 
(3.2-3.3) ; least transverse breadth of zygomatic plate, 1.6 (1.4-1.7); 
breadth of mesopterygoid fossa, 1.5 (1.4-1.8) 

Remarks.—R. m. orinus lives in comparatively arid parts of El Sal- 
vador and southeastern Guatemala. The diagnostic characters of the 
race apparently are best developed in southwestern El Salvador, as indi- 
cated by specimens from Hacienda Chilata and Vole4n de Santa Ana. 
Those from Chilata are the palest and have the most distinctive crania: 
relatively broad zygomata; shallow, posteriorly depressed brain case; 
long rostrum and incisive foramina; slight molar teeth, and small audi- 
tory bullae. The examples from Voleén de Santa Ana have larger mo- 
lars and average slightly darker dorsally, but are otherwise similar. 
Away from those two localities, to the north (Los Esesmiles), east 
(Cerro Cacaguatique) and northwest (San Rafael and Lago de Ama- 
titlan), the pelage color averages slightly darker, the cranium deeper, 
and the rostrum shorter. 

Specimens examined.—A total of 50 from the following localities: 

EL SALVADOR: Dept. Chalatenango: Los Esesmiles, 6,400 ft., 12. 
Depts. Morazan and San Miguel: Cerro Cacaquatique, 3,500-4,800 ft., 22. 
Dept. Sonsonate: Hacienda Chilata, 2,000-2,600 ft., 7; VoleAn de Santa 
Ana, 4,500-5,000 ft., 4. 


1In these comparisons the term ‘relatively’? implies: with respect to depth of 
brain case. 


Hooper—A New Subspecies of Harvest Mouse 171 


GUATEMALA: Dept. Guatemala: Lago de Amatitlan, 4,200 ft., 4; 
San Rafael, 5,000 ft., 1. 

(The above-listed specimens are from collections as follows: all from 
El Salvador, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California; 
from Amatitlan, Fish and Wildlife Service Collections of the U. S. 
National Museum; from San Rafael, Chicago Natural History Museum.) 


a? 


Vol. 62, pp. 173-174 | December 22, 1949 


NIAN INST/7 ~~ PROCEEDINGS 


" 
oN OF THE 
N 4-859 BiollocGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


f 


WAL MUSEU’ | 
met NEW RACE OF RALLUS NIGRICANS FROM 


COLOMBIA 


By BOARDMAN CONOVER 


For some time I have been aware that specimens of Rallus 
nigricans from Colombia in my collection differed from a series 
from Paraguay and Brazil. However, press of other work has 
kept me before this from making more than a superficial exam- 
ination of the series. A more thorough investigation has now 
convinced me that the Colombian birds deserve to be named. 


I wish to thank the American Museum of Natural History 
and the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences for the 
loan of specimens. 


Rallus nigricans caucae subsp. nov. 


Type—From Munchique, El Tambo, Cauca, Colombia, El. 5700’; No. 
12471, adult female in the Conover Collection, Chicago Natural History 
Museum; collected May 29, 1937, by Kjell von Sneidern. 


Characters.—Differs from typical nigricans from Paraguay and Brazil 
by having the undersides much lighter more bluish gray. This is especially 
noticeable about.the crissum and vent, which are inclined to be blackish 
in the typical race. Also the light throat patch is generally whiter and 
more extensive. 


Description of type.—Forehead and fore part of crown dull gray; rest 
of upperparts, except tail, uniform olive brown; upper tail coverts and 
tail black; primaries and underwing coverts dark brown; throat white; 
sides of face, neck, chest, breast and flanks bluish gray (nearest to Deep 
Mouse Gray of Ridgway) ; crissum and vent dull gray; undertail coverts 
black; bill ‘‘ green yellow’’ with darker tip; legs light brick red. Wing 
125, eulmen 52, tarsus 46, middle toe with claw 57 mm. 


Range.—The Cauca Valley of Colombia. 


Remarks—Among the specimens examined an occasional Colombian 
bird approaches in the darkness of its underparts the series from Brazil 
and Paraguay, but some of this would seem to be due to wear. Also, one 
specimen from Horqueta, Paraguay is as light gray on the breast as the 
average Colombian example. Nevertheless, the Colombian series when 
compared to the Brazilian and Paraguayan specimens, is undoubtedly 
much lighter gray underneath. 

No specimens from eastern Peru (humilis) were to be had for com- 
parison. However, in the original description no mention is made of the 
type having lighter underparts than the typical race. Also, Dr. ©. E. 
Hellmayr (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13 part 1, no. 1, p. 322, 


37—Proc. Brou. Soo. WASH., Vou, 62, 1949 GETS) 


174 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


1942) who had the opportunity of examining the type, synonymized 

humilis with typical nigricans, while at the same time stating that speci- 

mens from Colombia averaged slightly paler gray underneath. 
Specimens examined: 

Rallus nigricans nigricans.—17: Brazil (Rio Paranapanema, Sao Paulo, 

1; Rolante, Rio grande do Sul, 1; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 1); Para- 

guay (Villa Rica, 7; Horqueta, 7). 

Rallus nigricans caucae—22: Colombia, Cauca (Timba Valle, 1; Mun- 

chique, El Tambo, 16; Popayan, 2; Rio Frio, 2); Antioquia (Medellin, 

(L. l. muriei). 


CO —————<— 


4.0415 


. 175-176 December 22, 1949 
SONIAN Write 


ON PROCEEDINGS 


40RD OF THE 
JAN 4 = 1959 BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


TONAL mused’. 


A NEW RACE OF PTARMIGAN IN ALASKA 


By Ira N. GABRIELSON AND FREDERICK C, LINCOLN 


While working on Alaskan Willow Ptarmigan, considerable 
difficulty was encountered in properly assigning skins from 
Kodiak westward. This difficulty was intensified when six 
skins from the Aleutians (two from Atka and four from Una- 
laska) were examined. Additional skins were secured from the 
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sci- 
ence, and the Chicago Academy of Science to supplement those 
in the U. S. National Museum, the Fish and Wildlife Service 
collection, and the Gabrielson collection. These skins, where 
comparable in plumage, were examined and revealed an un- 
described race of ptarmigan which is hereby named: 


Lagopus lagopus muriei subsp. nov. 


Type.—adult male (Fish and Wildlife Service coll. U.S.Nat. Mus. 
366615) taken on Nagai Island in the Shumagin Islands, May 15, 1936, 
by O. J. Murie. This race is named for O. J. Murie in recognition of his 
contribution to Alaskan ornithology. 

This form is distinguished from L. |. alexandrae which it most closely 
resembles by being redder and paler in the brown parts of the plumage. 
Birds from the Aleutians were both the reddest and palest of the group 
while those from Kodiak aproached more closely Prince William Sound 
skins in comparable plumage. However, Kodiak skins both freshly col- 
lected and old specimens were more nearly like this new race. All birds 
used in this study were adults in breeding and post-breeding plumages. 


As compared with L. 1. alascensis, this race is much redder and darker 
when skins in comparable plumages are compared. L. 1. alascensis is 
buffy; the new race, muriei, more reddish and darker, near walnut brown, 
while alexandrae is dark brown to bister. 


There is no significant difference in measurements although JL, |. muriei 
tends to have a more slender bill than the other races. 


Only one adult female of this new race was available and no deter- 
mination could therefore be made of female plumages. 


Somewhat to our surprise, all birds from the Alaska peninsula were 
much closer to L. 1. alascensis. Birds from Morzhovi Bay, only a few 
miles from False Pass, certainly belonged to L. 1. alascensis also, while 
those from Unimak Island just as definitely belonged to the island group 
(L. 1. murie). 


38—Proc. Bion. Soo. WaAsH., VoL. 62, 1949 (175) 


176 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Twenty-five adult males from Atka, Unalaska, and Unimak Islands in 
the Aleutians, and from Unga, Nagai, Little Konaiiji, Simeonof, and 
Popof Islands in the Shumagins and Kodiak Island, the range ascribed 
to this new race, were available for comparison with seventeen L. l. 
alexandrae, and a large series of L. J. alascensis from the mainland in- 
cluded eight from the Alaska peninsula. 


Lr \.G¥ 4 


MIAN PNOTOS pp. 177-184 December 22, 1949 
IAN Th NTy a 


795% PROCEEDINGS 
N 4 ~ 1859 OF THE 


TWO NEW SPECIES OF SALDIDAE (HEMIPTERA) 
FROM WESTERN UNITED STATES 


By C. J. DRAKE AND F, C. Hortres 


The present paper contains the descriptions of two new spe- 
cies and notes on allied species of shore bugs from western 
United States. The types are in collection of C. J. Drake. 
Paratypes are in the collections of U. S. National Museum, 
Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) and authors. The 
drawings of the right parameres were made by F. C. Hottes. 
Saldula ouray1, n. sp., is named in memory of the famous In- 
dian Chief Ouray, who was a sincere friend of the pioneers 
and early settlers of the Rocky Mountain region. 


Saldula andrei Drake 


Saldula andrei Drake, Ark. Zool., 42B(3). 1949. 

The type specimens of S. andrei were collected in New Mexico and 
Arizona. During August and September, 1937, specimens were taken by 
the authors in Colorado (Gateway; Telluride, Trout Lake; Palisades; 
Skyway; Georgetown; Delta; and Grand Junction), Utah (Green River 
and Logan), Idaho (Lewiston and Twin Falls), Washington (Spokane), 
and Wyoming (Jackson Lake), and Canada (Cranbrook, Br. Col.). The 
right paramere of a male from Grand Junction, Colo., is figured. 


S. andrei is about the same size and shape as S. azteca, n. sp., but the 
two species may be easily separated by color as pointed out under the 
description of the latter. Both are largely stone- or rock-resting species 
and are taken only sparingly on muddy or sandy beaches near stony 
areas of streams and lakes. Specimens have also been collected while 
resting on drift wood near the edge of the water. 

In markings and color pattern, andrei more closely resembles S. con- 
fluenta Say of the eastern and central states, but it is readily separated 
from the latter by its smaller size, slenderer form, much narrower basal 
portion of the hemelytra and dull corium. S. confluenta has a longer, 
paler and slenderer antennae, the second segment being longer than the 
next two taken together. The frontal callosities are much less swollen 
and tend to be brown or blackish in color. Also, the entire hemelytra 
tend to be shining. Both species have a vesture of long hairs. 


Saldula azteca, n. sp. 


Moderately large, elongate-ovate, black, clothed with nearly erect, short 
golden pubescence and very long, fine, erect or slightly reclining poste- 
riorly, black hairs, the hairs larger and more conspicuous along outer 


39—Proc. Biou. Soo. WASH., VoL. 62, 1949 (177) 


178 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


margins of pronotum and basal portion of hemelytra. Head, pronotum 
and scutellum deep black, shining, highly polished. Hemelytra black, 
velvety-like, not shining, lighter in color than pronotum; embolium deep 
black, shining, as dark and as highly polished as pronotum, wide, be- 
coming wider and a little reflexed anteriorly; clavus and corium rather 
dull, much lighter in color than scutellum, the clavus with or without 
subapical pale spot; corium usually with two to four small, rounded yel- 
lowish white spots, occasionally without any spots; outer corium usually 
with a large subapical yellow-white spot and inner corium often with two 
smaller pale spots (spots variable in size); membrane fumose, subhya- 
line, clouded with dark brown within at base, with four cells, each cell 
with a brown or fuscous streak; veins dark brown, prominent. 


Head with a few bristly hairs in front, the clypeus, juga and trans- 
verse ridge beneath eyes yellowish white, sometimes brownish or even 
black; a small pale spot between each eye and ocellus. Rostrum dark 
ferrugineous, shining, with terminal segment paler, extending to middle 
of hind coxae. Antennae dark brown, moderately pilose, with a few long 
scattered bristly hairs on last two segments; segment I yellowish white, 
with a large elongate black spot, sometimes almost entirely black; pro- 
portions—I, 16; IT, 36; III, 21; IV, 20. Body beneath black, densely 
clothed with silvery gray pile. Legs black, with variable degrees of 
brownish markings sometimes almost entirely black, clothed with long 
grayish hairs, beneath much darker, shining and with longer hairs; 
femora with long brownish stripe in front, much widened at apices; 
tibiae often brownish beneath, sometimes quite brownish apically, with 
usual brownish spines; tarsi with second and often most of third seg- 
ments brownish or testaceous. Pronotum nearly three times as wide at 
base as median length, strongly convergent anteriorly, narrower in front 
than head and eyes taken together, the lateral margins moderately ex- 
planate, slightly refexed, nearly straight; callus with large discal im- 
pression, moderately swollen, not extending on explanate margins of 
pronotum; transverse furrow sinuate, deep, pitted at the bottom, the 
hind lobe deeply, broadly excavated behind, about one-half as long as 
the front lobe and two-thirds as long as callus; scutellum about as long 
as wide, the impression placed just in front of the middle. Pubescence 
not as dense on hemelytra as on pronotum and scutellum. 


Length, 4.00 to 5.10 mm.; width, 1.90 to 2.25 mm. 


Type (male), allotype (female) and 6 paratypes, Aztec, New Mexico, 
Aug. 26, 1934, taken on stones, C. J. Drake and Floyd Andre. Paratypes, 
60 specimens, taken by the authors during August to October, 1949 in 
Colorado (Delta, Gateway, Skyway, Grand Junction, Georgetown, Ridge- 
way, Grand Masa and Telluride), Utah (Green River, Salt Lake City and 
Logan), Idaho (Twin Falls and Lewiston), Washington (Spokane), 
ae (Jackson Lake and Rocksprings) and Canada (Coleman, Al- 
berta). 


S. azteca, n. sp., is primarily saxicolous, and most frequently taken 
resting on rocks and stones in very stony situations near the edge of 
water of streams and lakes. It is rarely taken on sand or wet mud, even 
near stony places. Some specimens were also collected on drift wood 
near the later. 


Other shore bugs taken on stones in the same habitats were Saldula 
nigrita (Parshley), S. explanata (Uhler), S. andrei Drake, Azteca seems 


Drake and Hottes—Two New Species of Saldidae 179 


to be more closely associated with the stony habitats than the other 
species. It was also dominant in numbers. 


S. comatula (Parshley) is a larger, broader species and rather dull; 
the hemelytra are very variable in color and its legs are pale. S. andrei 
Drake is quite similar in size and form, but also has pale legs, and large 
prominent yellowish or yellowish orange markings on the hemelytra. 
The color and markings also seperate it from comatula. S. illinoiensis 
Drake is a smaller species, with rather sparse vesture of long hairs; the 
hemelytra have a moderately large, pale, subapical, marginal spot in the 
corium, 


Saldula ourayi, n. sp. 


Small, obovate, black, with or without small, luteous or whitish mark- 
ings or small rounded spots, the pubescence short, dense, dark golden; 
without vesture of long hairs. Head with a small pale spot between each 
eye and ocellus, the transverse callosities beneath eyes, clypeus and often 
juga yellowish white, swollen; rostrum ferrugineous, shining, reaching 
end of hind coxae. Antennae brownish black, shortly pilose, the first 
segment yellowish white, usually with a large elongate black spot, the 
second brownish apically, the two terminal segments with a few scattered 
bristly hairs; proportions—I, 12; II, 25; ITI, 14; IV, 15. Pronotum deep 
black, slightly shining, indistinctly pitted, deeply excavated behind, three 
times as wide at base as median length, not strongly narrowed anteriorly, 
the side margins slightly rounded and slightly reflexed; callus moderately 
swollen, not extending on explanate margins, with large, deep impression 
at middle; lobes separated by rather shallow arcuate furrow, finely 
pitted at bottom, the hind lobe about three-fourths as long as callus. 
Scutellum about as wide as long, deep black, slightly shining, indis- 
tinetly pitted, the pubescence of pronotum and scutellum slightly longer 
than on hemelytra. 


Hemelytra black, rather dull; clavus usually without subapical pale 
spot; corium usually with two or four small, whitish or yellowish, 
rounded, small spots, often with a narrow, marginal, luteous stripe, the 
stripe often longly interrupted at middle; sometimes entire corium black 
and with only two small pale spots; membrane densely clouded with 
fuscous, non-transparent, with four cells, the veins a little darker; usually 
without dark spots in cells. Legs black, generally with some brown or 
fuscous markings, sometimes entirely black. Body beneath black, with 
dense grayish pile. Hemelytra slightly variable in length. 

Length, 3.50 mm.; width, 1.62 mm. 

Type (male), allotype (female) and 70 paratypes, Soap Lake, Wash- 
ington, and series of lakes to the north to Deep Lake, Washington, Aug. 
29, 1949, C. J. Drake and F. C. Hottes. Paratypes also from Colorado 
(Georgetown, Gateway and Delta), Idaho (Lewiston), Wyoming (Jack- 
son Lake and Yellowstone National Park), Utah (Green River), Cali- 
fornia (San Francisco, Aug. 26, 1934, Drake and Andre), and Canada 
(Cranbrook, Brit. Col.). 


Allied to S. bassingeri Drake, but easily separated by its larger size, 
darker color and different markings on hemelytra and dark legs. It was 
taken on the muddy and sandy shores of lakes and reservoirs of rivers. 
Soap Lake and the series of lakes north to Deep Lake are the only places 
where it was taken in large numbers. S. pallipes (Fabr.), S. saltatoria 
(Fabr.), and S. comatula (Parsh.) were often found in the same habi- 


180 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


tats. At Deep Lake, 8 specimens of Micracanthia pusilla Van Duzee 
were taken at one small point in company with ourayi and pallipes. A 
few specimens of S. owrayi are conspicuously marked with two large 
flavous areas on each hemelytron, and might represent a distinct variety. 
The right paramere of a paratype from Soap Lake is figured. The para- 
meres of S. ourayi differ distinctly in shape from those of S. bassingeri 
Drake. The hair on the hump of the parameres of bassingeri are much 
longer than those on the hump of the parameres of owrayi and from a 
distinct tuft. 


PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL.62 


PLATE X 


‘ONBIG Wwabursspqg vInpIvY "A 


‘ds ‘a “ihpsno vinpivs “AT 


X Givig 


‘ds ‘a ‘poa,z0 vinpywy "III 
‘OYBIC, LA4PUoD D)INPIDY “TT 
(‘ysieq) pinpowoo vinpivy *T 


[181] 


182 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


ae 


PROCEEDINGS 
Y Oy OF THE 
iN4- OB) BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
See 


p. 185-196 D ber 22, 1949 
ry Sitges peNe 


£ 
ONAL MUSEEEN NEW SUBSPECIES OF BIRDS FROM 


VENEZUELA 


By WILLIAM H, PHELPS AND WILLIAM H. PHELPS, JR. 


The senior author wishes to thank Dr. John T. Zimmer of 
the American Museum of Natural History, Dr. Herbert Fried- 
mann of the U. S. National Museum, Mr. W. E. Clyde Tood 
of the Carnegie Museum and Mr. Emmet R. Blake of the 
Chicago Natural History Museum for their help in the exam- 
ination of specimens in their respective institutions. 

The specimens listed as examined are in the Phelps Collec- 
tion, Caracas, unless otherwise specified. 

Names of colors are capitalized when direct comparison has 
been made with Ridgway’s ‘‘Color Standards and Color No- 
menclature.’’ — 


Chaetocereus jourdanii andinus, new subspecies 


Type.—F rom Cubiro, Lara, Venezuela; altitude 1650 meters. No. 8799, 
Phelps Collection, Caracas. Adult male collected October 23, 1940, by 
William H. Phelps. (Type on deposit at the American Means of 
Natural History.) 

Diagnosis.—Closest to C. j. rosae of the Caracas region but the iri- 
descent throat has a more rose colored, less purplish, tint. 

Range.—The Subtropical Zone of the Venezuelan Andes from Lara to 
TAchira and of the Dept. Santander in Colombia. 

Description of Type.—Upper parts nearest to Cosse Green; an ill de- 
fined whitish post-orbital stripe; lores slightly rufous. Chin and throat 
Tyrian Rose; a white band from side of neck across anterior breast; 
anterior breast, abdomen, sides and flanks Cosse Green; vent and patches 
on flanks white; under tail-coverts pale greenish edged with whitish. 
Wings Warm Blackish Brown; lesser coverts, under wing-coverts and 
axillaries Cosse Green. Tail Warm Blackish Brown, median rectrices 
with inner webs basally pale rufous. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black’’; feet ‘‘brown.’’ Wing, 34 mm; tail, 21; ex- 
posed culmen, 11; culmen from base, 16; tarsus, 11. 

parte eee different. Size ani to rosae. Range of measure- 
ments: five adult males—wing, 33-35 (34) mm.; tail, 21-24 (22.2); 
exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.8); five adult females—wing, 33-38 (36.2); 
tail, 16-17 (16.4); exposed culmen, 12-13 (12.8). Measurements of 
rosae: three adult males—wing, 32-33 (32.3); tail, 22-24 (22.7); ex- 
posed culmen, 11-14 (13.7); two adult females—wing, 37-39 (38); tail, 
15-16 (15.5); exposed culmen, 13-14 (13.5). 

Females are similar in coloration to jourdanw. The Bucaral iat has 
the throat intermediate between andinus and rosae, as would be expected 


40—Proc. BioL. Soc. WASH., Vou. 62, 1949 (185) 


186 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


from its intermediate range. Those from Queniquea do not have the 
typical throats of andinus. Measurements of exposed culmen are given 
because of uncertainty in measuring from base. 


Specimens Examined 

C. j. jourdanii— VENEZUELA: Caripe, 1 ¢,1 92; Cerro Negro, 3 6, 
3 9; Cerro Turumiquire, 4 ¢1; Rincén de San Antonio, 1 $3; Los Pal- 
males, 1 92; Cerro Humo, 1 ¢ juv.,1 9. TRINIDAD: 1 ¢1,3 ¢2, 
2 92, 

C. j. rosae.—VENEZUELA: Caracas, 1 91; Galipan, 2 ¢7; Colonia 
Tovar, 1 6%; Hda. Santa Clara, Carabobo, 1 6; Cumbre de Valencia, 
1 ¢1; Buearal, Yaracuy, 1 ¢; Curimagua, Faleén, 1 ¢,2 ¢ juv.; San 
Luis, 1 9; ‘‘Venezuela,’’ 4 $2. 

C. j. andinus— VENEZUELA: Cubiro, Lara, 2 ¢ (inel. type), 2 9; 
Guarico*, 1 ¢, 1 9; Paramo de Cendé, Trujillo, 1 2; Tabay, Mérida, 
1 9; P4ramo Conejos, 1 62, 2 9%; P4ramo de los Pinos, 3 ¢?; El 
Valle, 2 2,1 93; Pdramo de la Culata, 1 92; Paramo Tambor, 1 ¢2, 
2 63,1 93; ‘“Mérida’’1, 1 3, 3 9; Boca de Monte, 1 9; Queniquea, 
Tachira, 2 6,1 92; ‘‘Venezuela,’? 1 ¢, 1 62. COLOMBIA?: Pueblo 
Nuevo, Santander, 1 ¢,3 9; La Palmita, 3 9. 


Bucco tamatia cuyunii, new subspecies 


Type.—From Carabobo, Alto Rio Cuyuni, Bolivar, Venezuela; altitude 
240 meters. No. 46006, Phelps Collection, Caracas. Adult male collected 
September 16, 1948, by Manuel Castro. (Type on deposit at the American 
Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis.—Similar to B. t. tamatia except that the back is darker 
brown than in any other subspecies. 

Range.—Known only from Carabobo on the upper Cuyuni River. 

Description of Type.—Back and uropygium paler that Bone Brown, 
lighter on crown; feathers on forehead, pre-ocular region and upper tail- 
coverts heavily, and those of lower back and rump slightly, edged with 
buffy; a whitish nuchal collar; ear-coverts dusky, slightly edged with 
whitish; a white gular streak; sides of throat and neck black; throat 
and fore breast Tawny, paler on chin; rest of under parts whitish with 
a buffy tinge on abdomen and under tail-coverts, heavily spotted with 
dusky; under tail-coverts lightly spotted. Wings Natal Brown; remiges 
partially and lightly edged externally, heavily internally, with buffy; 
upper wing-coverts and tertials lightly edged and tipped with buffy 
giving a scaled appearance; greater under wing-coverts grayish, the 
lesser ones pale buffy. Tail Natal Brown, paler below, the rectrices 
lightly edged with buffy and lightly tipped with whitish. 

Bill ‘‘black’’; feet ‘‘gray’’; iris ‘‘brown.’’ Wing, 75 mm; tail, 62; 
exposed culmen, 23; culmen from base, 30; tarsus, 16. 

Remarks.— Sexes alike. Size similar to tamatia. Range of measure- 
ments: four adult males—wing, 74-75 (74.7); tail (3), 59-62 (60.3); 
culmen from base (3), 28-30 (29); three adult females—wing, 76-78 
(77.3) ; tail, 63-65 (63.7); culmen from base, 29-29 (29). Measurements 
of tamatia: five adult males from Cayenne and Surinam—wing, 74-80 
(77.2); tail, 60-66 (63.4); culmen from base (4), 26-28 (27); five adult 


1Specimens in Chicago Natural History Museum. 
2Specimens in American Museum of Natural History. 
8Specimens in U. S. National Museum, 

4Specimens in Carnegie Museum. 


Phelps and Phelps, Jr.—Seven New Subspecies 187 


females from Surinam and British Guiana—wing, 75-81 (78.6); tail, 
61-66 (63.4); culmen from base, 28-29 (28.2). 


Specimens Examined 


B. t. cuyunii— VENEZUELA: Carabobo, 4 ¢ (inel. type), 3 @. 

B. t. tamatia—FRENCH GUIANA?: ‘‘Cayenne,’? 1 ¢. DUTCH 
GUIANA?: Kroata, 1 9; Javaweg,1 ¢; Paramaribo, 1 ¢; ‘‘interior,’’ 
3 6,3 9. BRITISH GUIANA: Annai?, 1 9; Rupurumi River?, 1 ¢; 
Kamacusa?, 1 9 ; Mutusi Hole”, 1 9; ‘‘ British Guiana,’’ 3 (?)2; Upper 
Mazaruni River, 1 ¢; Mambaro Creek, 1 9, 1 (%). BRAZIL: Isla 
Macara, Rio Negro, 1 9. COLOMBIA”: Maipures,1 ¢,1 2. VENE- 
ZUELA: Salto Uraima, 1 9; Cerro Tonoro,1 ¢, 2 (2); Salto Arebuchi, 
3 2; Cerro Tabarerupa, 1 9; Sanariapo, 1 ¢,1 2; San Fernando de 
Atabapo, 2 ¢@; El Platanal, 1 9; Puerto Yapacana, 1 ¢,1 @. 

B. t. hypnaleus—BRAZIL?: Santarem, 1 9, 2 (2); Marajo Is., 1 (9). 

B. t. interior—BRAZIL?: Campos Novas, Matto Grosso, 1 9 ; Tapira- 
poan,1 9. 

B. t. pulmentum?.—_ ECUADOR: Boea Rio Curaray, 1 6,1 9. BRA- 
ZIL: Rio Humytha, Rio Madeira, 1 2; ‘‘Napo,’’ 1 (?); ‘‘Upper Ama- 
zonia,’’? 1 (%). 


Piprites chloris perijanus, new subspecies 


Type—From La Sabana, Rio Negro, Perija, Zulia, Venezuela; altitude 
1300 meters. No. 6779, Phelps Collection, Caracas. Adult male collected 
March 5, 1940, by Alberto Fernandez Y. (Type on deposit at the Ameri- 
can Museum of Natural History.) 


Diagnosis.—Nearest to P. c. tschudii from which it differs by a more 
extensive and prominent yellowish forehead, less buffy or chestnut. 


Range.—Known only from the type locality. 

Description of Type.—Crown, back and uropygium yellower than War- 
bler Green; forehead Primuline Yellow; pre-ocular region and lores pale 
yellowish; eye-ring yellowish white; ear-coverts and sides of neck grayish, 
tinted with olivaceous. Chin yellow, more greenish on throat and still 
more greenish on breast; abdomen and under tail-coverts Citron Yellow; 
sides, flanks and axillaries yellowish green. Wings Fuscous; remiges 
narrowly edged with greenish; inner vanes and tips of innermost tertials 
broadly whitish; greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with yellowish white 
and median coverts more narrowly, forming two wing bands; band of 
wing Citron Yellow; under wing-coverts mixed yellowish, white and 
dusky; inner vanes of remiges edged basally with yellowish white. Tail 
Fuscous, paler below; rectrices faintly edged with greenish and promi- 
nently tipped with whitish. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘gray’’; feet ‘‘gray’’; iris ‘‘brown.’’ Wing, 68 mm; 
tail, 50; exposed culmen, 8; culmen from base, 12; tarsus, 16. 

Remarks—Size similar to tschudii. Range of measurements: two adult 
males—wing, 68, 69 mm; tail, 50, 50; eulmen from base, 12, 12. Measure- 
ment of tschudii from Ecuador: five adult males—wing, 66-69 (67.4) ; 
tail, 43-47 (44.8); eulmen from base, 12-13 (12.6); five adult females— 
wing, 67-72 (68.6) ; tail, 42-49 (45.6); eulmen from base, 12-13 (12.6). 

The range of the new subspecies is very distant from the nearest record 
for the species which is antioquiae from Dept. Antioquia, Colombia. There 
is a specimen of chlorion in the Phelps Collection from the State of 
Carabobo, the only known occurrence in northern Venezuela. 


188 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Specimens Examined 

P. chloris antioquiae—COLOMBIA: La Frijolera, Antioquia, 1 ¢?2 
(type). 

P. chloris perijanus—VENEZUELA: La Sabana, Sierra de Perija, 
2 6 (inel. type). 

P. chloris chlorion—VENEZUELA: Hda. Santa Clara, Carabobo, 
1 2; Cafio Cuao, Terr. Amazonas, 2 6,1 (?); pica Yavita-Pimichin, 
4 6,1 9; Santa Elena, Bolivar, 1 92 ; Hato Santa Teresa, 1 2; Raudal 
Guaiquinima, 1 6; Erebenequén, 1 6; Salto Maria Espuma, 1¢; Cerro 
Ptari-tepui, 7 6, 2 2, 2 (%); Cerro Paurai-tepui, 1 6,1 9,1 (%); 
Altiplanicie de Nuria, 3 6, 2 2; foot of Cerro Duida, 2 97; Playa del 
Rio Base, 1 62; El Merey, 1 627; Cerro Auyan-tepui, 1 92. BRITISH 
GUIANA?: 1 (?). BRAZIL?: Faro, 5 36, 2 9; Villa Bella Imperatriz, 
1 @; Cussary, 1 @. 

P. c. bolivianus—BRAZIL: Igarapé Amorim, Rio Tapajoz, 1 32. 

P. c. tschudii—VENEZUELA?: Rio Guainia, junction with Cafio 
Casiquiare, 2 6,2 9; opposite El Merey, 1 9. COLUMBIA: Macacuni, 
1 6. BRAZIL?: Rio Curyeuryari, 1 ¢. ECUADOR?2: Lagarto, 1 ¢, 
1 Q@; Zamora, 1 2,1 (?); below San José de Sumarco, 1 2; Boca Rio 
Curaray, 1 ¢,2 92; Rio Suno Abajo, 1 9; Rio Suno, above Avila, 1 ¢, 
1s 

Pachyramphus castaneus parui, new subspecies 

Type.—From Cerro Part, Terr. Amazonas, Venezuela; altitude 1600 
meters. No. 46817, Phelps Collection, Caracas. Adult male collected 
February 20, 1949, by Kathleen D. Phelps. (Type on deposit at the 
American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis.—Nearest to P. c. saturatus but differs from all other sub- 
species by darker crown, back and lower parts. 

Range.—Known only from the Subtropical and upper Tropical Zone 
of Cerro Parti between 940 and 1600 meters. 

Description of Type.—Top of head Chestnut, base of feathers dusky 
giving a mottled appearance; rump paler, merging into the Tawny of 
upper tail-coverts; post-ocular stripe and narrow nuchal collar dark 
grayish; lores dusky, ear-coverts dusky tawny. Under parts Ochraceous 
Tawny, darkest on side of throat, breast and sides, merging into the 
whitish chin and Cinnamon-Buff under tail-coverts. Wing Blackish 
Brown, the feathers edged with Tawny, except tips of primaries and 
secondaries; under wing-coverts and axillaries Ochraceous-Tawny. Tail 
Tawny above, under surface pale Cinnamon-Brown; inner webs of rec- 
trices paler, outer webs and middle rectrices more dusky, all very nar- 
rowly tipped with whitish. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘maxilla black, mandible slate’’; feet ‘‘cinder’’; iris 
“brown.’’ Wing, 80 mm; tail, 58; exposed culmen, 12; culmen from 
base, 15; tarsus, 20. 

Remarks.—Size similar to saturatus. Range of measurements: three 
adult males—wing, 75-80 (77) mm; tail, 58-60 (58.7) ; culmen from base, 
15-15 (15). Two adult males of saturatus—wing, 73-77 (75); tail, 51-55 
(53); culmen from base, 14-15 (14.5); three adult females—wing, 70-74 
(72); tail, 49-57 (53); one adult female from Hato Santa Teresa— 
wing, 72; tail, 53; culmen from base, 16. Five adult males of inter- 
medius—wing, 73-77 (75.2); tail, 54-58 (55.6); culmen from base, 15-15 
(15); five adult females—wing, 69-74 (71.2); tail, 50-57 (54.6); culmen 
from base, 14-16 (15.2). 


Phelps and Phelps, Jr.—Seven New Subspecies 189 


It is noteworthy that this new form is the only one whose range ex- 
tends into the Subtropical Zone. All the others inhabit the Tropical 
Zone. 

The species was only known from southern Venezuela by one specimen 
of saturatus in our collection from Hato Santa Teresa, Rio Uairen, near 
the Brazilian boundary west of Mt. Roraima. 


Speciments Examined 


P. c. castaneus?.—_BRAZIL: 175. PARAGUAY: 39. 

P. c. amazonus.—BRAZIL?; 215, 

P. c. saturatus—BRAZIL?: 25. PERU?: 35. VENEZUEL9: Hato 
Santa Teresa, 1 9. 

Pi. c. parui—VENEZUELA: Cerro Paré, 3 ¢ (including type). 

P. c. intermedius —VENEZUELA: 142%,5; San Luis, 1 ¢,1 2; Curi- 
magua,1 6,2 2; Urama, 1 (?); Colonia Tovar, 1 (?); Sierra de Cara- 
bobo, 1 (?); San José de Los Caracas, 1 ¢; Cerro Golfo Triste, 2 ¢, 
1 9; Cerro Negro (Miranda), 1 6, 1 2, 1 (?); Los Altos, 2 (3%); 
Quebrada Bonita, 2 ¢,1 (?); Caripe,1 ¢,1 92,2 (?); El Pilar, 1 9; 
Cerro Azul, 1 9. 


Leptopogon superciliaris pariae, new subspecies 


Type.—From Cerro Azul, Paria Peninsula, Sucre, Venezuela; altitude 
900 meters. No. 44096, Phelps Collection, Caracas. Adult of undeter- 
mined sex collected May 27, 1948, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit 
at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis.—Differs from L. s. venezuelenis of northern Venezuela by 
a darker, more grayish, less yellowish, breast, a paler yellow abdomen and 
a darker green, less yellowish, back. Differs from poliocephalus of Co- 
lombia by more extensive white on forehead and superciliaries and whiter, 
less buffy, wing bands. 

Range.—Known from the tip of the Paria Peninsula in the Tropical 
and lower Subtropical Zones to an altitude of 900 meters and from the 
nearby island of Trinidad. 

Description of Type—Back and uropygium darker than Yellowish 
Oil Green; crown and nape Chaetura Drab; center of forehead dusky 
uniform with crown but feathers with some whitish tips; rest of forehead 
and pre-ocular region extensively whitish; wide post-ocular grayish white 
streak; ear-coverts dusky, mixed with gray. Breast and sides Deep Grape 
Green merging into the whitish throat and chin and into the Martius 
Yellow abdomen; under tail-coverts and axilliaries whitish; wings 
Fuscous; remiges, except three outermost pairs, edged with yellowish 
green, more widely on the tertials; wing-coverts tipped with whitish form- 
ing two prominent bands; under wing-coverts mixed brownish and 
whitish. Tail Benzo Brown, paler below, the rectrices edged externally 
with greenish. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black’’; feet ‘‘gray’’; iris ‘‘brown.’’ Wing, 59 mm; 
tail, 48; exposed culmen, 13; culmen from base, 15; tarsus, 15. 

Remarks.—Sexes alike. Size similar to venezuelensis. Range of measure- 
ments: three adult males from Cristébal Col6n—wing, 63-66 (64.7) mm; 
tail, 50-57 (52.7); culmen from base, 14-15 (14.7); three adult females 
from Cristébal Colén and Cerro Azul—wing, 60-62 (61) ;tail, 50-55 (52); 


5For localities see Zimmer, Studies of Peruvian Birds, Am. Mus. Nov., No. 894, 
pp. 8-9, 1936. 


190 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


culmen from the base 14-14 (14); one adult of undertermined sex from 
Cerro Azul (see the type). Measurements of venezuelensis: five adult 
males from the Caracas region—wing, 63-68 (66); tail, 53-62 (56.2); 
culmen from base, 15-15 (15); five adult females—wing, 58-62 (60.4) ; 
tail 47-62 (54.2); culmen from base, 14-15 (14.6). 


Specimens Examined 


L. s. albidiventer?,—BOLIVIA: 136. PERU: 968, 

L. s. superciliaris?.—PERU: 22°, Ecuador: 68. 

L. s. transandinus?. ECUADOR: 116. COLOMBIA: 38 PANAMA: 
76, 

L. s. hellmayri?.—_PANAMA: 48, 

L. s. poliocephalus—COLOMBIA?: ‘‘Bogotd,’’ 5 (2); Villavicencio, 


2 6; Buena Vista, 1 ¢,1 9; east of Palmira, 1 6,1 9; Peque,1 ¢. 
VENEZUELA: La ae Perija; 14d, 1).(?) 

L. s. venezuelensis —VENEZUELA: Bramén, 1 2,1 (?); Queniquea, 
1 6,1 23 Cerro El Cerrén, 2 ¢; Cerro El Cogollal, 1 (?); Cubiro, 
1 (?); Altamira (Barinas), 1 6,1 9, 2 (?); San Luis, 1 (?); Curi- 
magua, 1 (?); Bucaral, 1 9; Cumbre de Valencia, 1 92; Sierra de 
Carabobo, 1 6, 1 (?); Hda. Altamira (Carabobo), 1 (?); Colonia To- 
var, 1 6; Cotiza?,1 ¢,2 9,2 (9); Hda. Izearagua, 1 9; San José de 
Los Caracas, 1 (?); Cerro Golfo Triste, 1 ¢, - (%); Cerro Negro 
(Miranda), 5 6,4 9,7 (?); Quebrada Bonita, 3 6,3 9,3 (?); Que- 
brada Seca?, 1 6, 3 9; Rio Neveri?, 1 6, 1 9; El Gudcharo?, 1 6, 
1 9; Caripe, 3 ¢,1 9,1 (?)2. 

L. s. pariae VENEZUELA: Cerro Azul, 1 9,1 (?) (type); Cristé- 
bal Col6én?, 3 6,2 9. TRINIDAD?: Carenage, 1 ¢; Heights of Aripo, 


tS 
pp. 5, 1941. 


Compsocoma flavinucha virididorsalis, new subspecies 


Type.—From Cerro Golfo Triste, Aragua, Venezuela; altitude 1200 
meters. No. 19415, Phelps Collection, Caracas. Adult male collected 
August 29, 1942, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit at the American 
Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis.—Similar to C. f. venezuelana except that green cast extends 
over the back instead of being confined to rump. 


Range.—Known only from Cerro Golfo Triste in the lower Subtropical 
Zone at altitudes from 1000 to 1300 meters. 


Description of Type.—Head black, the crown, from between the eyes 
back to the nape and 8 em. in width, darker than Lemon Chrome; back 
and uropygium dark greenish, the feathers terminally dusky thus giving 
a mottled appearance, slightly more greenish on rump. Underparts and 
axillaries darker than Lemon Chrome. Wings Fuscous; remiges, except 
the outermost pair, edged externally, except terminally, with Turquoise 
Green; inner vanes edged basally with whitish; innermost tertials and 
greater wing-coverts black; lesser wings-coverts Light Violet Blue; under 
wing-coverts mixed dusky and yellowish white. Tall blackish, paler below, 
the rectrices broadly edged externally with Turquoise Green except the 
outermost pair. 


Bill (in life) ‘‘black, base blue’’; feet ‘‘black’’; iris ‘‘reddish 


®For localities see Zimmer, Studies of Peruvian Birds, Am. Mus. Nov., No. 1126, 


Phelps and Phelps, Jr.—Seven New Subspecies 131 


brown.’’ Wing, 90 mm; tail, 68, exposed culmen, 17; culmen from base, 
19; tarsus, 24. 

Remarks.—Sexes alike. Size similar to venezuelana. Range of measure- 
ments: three adult males—wing, 88-90 (89) mm; tail, 66-68 (67.3); ecul- 
men from base, 19-19 (19); two adult females—wing, 85-87 (86); tail 
(1), 64; eculmen from base, 19-19 (19); one of undetermined sex—wing, 
85; tail, 63; culmen from base, 19. Measurements of venezuelana from 
the Caracas region: five adult males—wing, 86-91 (87.4); tail, 62-67 
(63.8) ; culmen from base, 17-19 (18.4) ; five adult females—wing, 88-93; 
tail, 65-70 (68.2); eulmen from base, 19-20 (19.4). 


Specimens Examined 


f. somptuosa?.—PERU: 217. ECUADOR: 77. 
f. flavinucha?.—PERU: 187. BOLIVIA: 217, 
f. baezae?.—ECUADOR: 97. 
f. cyanoptera?.—Ecuador: 187. COLOMBIA: 417. 
f. victorini—_COLOMBIA?: 287. 
f. venezuelana.—VENEZUELA: var. loes.7, 162; Buearal, 1 9; 
Las Quiguas, 1 ¢; Colonial Tovar, 7 ¢,1 2; No Leén, 1 ¢,2 9; El 
Junquito, 3 ¢,2 2,1 (?); Hda. Izearagua, 1 9. 
C. f. virididorsalis—Cerro Golfo Triste, 3 ¢ (incl. type); 2 2,1 (2). 


C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 


Rhodinocichla rosea beebei, new subspecies 


Type—F rom La Sabana, Rio Negro, Perija, Zulia, Venezuela; altitude 
1300 meters. No. 7015, Phelps Collection, Caracas. Adult male collected 
February 27, 1940, by William H. Phelps, Jr. (Type on deposit at the 
American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis.—The male differs from all other subspecies of R. rosea by 
the superciliary stripe which in this new form is entirely lacking or very 
indistinct, instead of prominent. 

Range.—The Sierra Perija in the lower Subtropical Zone. 

Description of Type—Crown dark Citrine, mixed with dusky; fore- 
head, except in the center, paler than Rose Red; back and uropygium 
grayish olive; a barely perceptible superciliary streak, rose colored above 
the eye and grayish post-orbitally; lores and sides of head black. Chin 
and throat paler than Rose Red, darker on breast and merging into 
Geranium Pink on abdomen and under tail-coverts; sides of neck, sides, 
flanks, thighs and axillaries grayish olive, the latter mixed with dark 
crimson. Wings Fuscous, the under surface paler with exposed edges of 
remiges grayish basally; remiges except the outermost, edged externally 
with olive gray; wing-coverts heavily edged with gray; a prominent 
patch on bend of wing, and edge of wing, paler than Rose Red; under 
wing-coverts mixed whitish and grayish. Tail Fuscous, paler below. 

Maxilla (in life) ‘‘black’’; mandible ‘‘horn color’’; feet ‘‘ brownish 
pearl’’; iris ‘‘brown’’. Wing, 81 mm; tail, 80; exposed culmen, 19; 
culmen from base, 24; tarsus, 27. 

Remarks.—Size similar to rosea. Range of measurements: five adult 
males—wing, 80-83 (80.8) mm; tail, 76-82 (78.6); culmen from base, 
22-24 (23.2); one adult female—wing, 78; tail, 76; culmen from base, 
22. Measurements of rosea: three adult males—wing, 81-82 (81.6); tail 
(3), 80-83 (81.5); eulmen from base, 23-24 (23.3); two adult females— 


For localities see Zimmer, Studies of Peruvian Birds, Am. Mus. Nov., No. 1262, 
pp. 8-9, 1944. 


192 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


wing, 77-79 (78); tail, 76-80 (78); tail, 76-80 (78); culmen from base, 
23-24 (23.5). ; 

Description of female. Crown dark Citrine, mixed with dusky; back 
and uropygium near Brownish Olive; forehead, except in center, and 
superciliary stripe, anteriorly, Ochraceous-Orange; the prominent super- 
ciliary streak white posteriorly; lores and sides of head black. Chin, 
throat, breast and abdomen Ochraceous-Orange, darkest on breast; lower 
abdomen whitish; sides, flanks, thighs and axillaries grayish olive; under 
tail-coverts Xanthine Orange. Wings Fuscous, the under surface paler 
with exposed edges of remiges grayish basally. Remiges edged externally 
with olive gray except outermost; wing-coverts edged with gray; a promi- 
nent patch on bend of wing, and bend of wing, Ochraceous-Orange; un- 
der wing-coverts mixed ochraceous and gray. Tail Benzo Brown, paler 
on under surface. 

Every one of the specimens examined of the other subspecies, both 
males and females, have very prominent superciliary streaks. 

It gives us great pleasure to name this beautiful bird in honor of Dr. 
William Beebe who, during a half century of intense scientific reesarch, 
has made so many valuable contributions to Venezuelan ornithology. 


Specimens Examined 


R. r. rosea — VENEZUELA: Caracas}, 4 6,4 2; Galipan, 1 92; San 
Julian, Macuto, 1 63; San José de los Caracas, 1 6; Pie del Cerro, Ara- 
gua, 1 64; Puerto La Cruz, 1 $4, 2 94, 1 6%; Sierra de Carabobo, 
1 @4; San Esteban, 2 64,1 94,1 62,1 92; Cerro Negro, Miranda, 
3 6; Bucaral, Yaracuy, 2 6; El Hachat,1 ¢,1 9; Aroat,6 6,2 2; 
Guarico, Lara, 1 64; Cerro Bucarito, 1 ¢2; Anzoateguit, 1 ¢ ; San Luis, 
Faleén, 2 6,3 Q. 

R. r. zeebei_ VENEZUELA: La Sabana, 1 ¢,1 9, 2 68; Ayapa, 
Perijé, 2 39. 

R. r. harteri—COLOMBIA: San Antonio?, 2 ¢, 1 2; Anolaima, 
1 92; ‘‘Colombia’’, 1 91; ‘‘Bogota’’?,1 ¢,2 @. 

R. r. eximia—(var. locs.), 2772. PANAMA: (var. loes.), 6 33,5 9238, 
1 ¢1, COSTA RICO: (var. locs.), 3 ¢3,1 93,9 $4, 4 94; Buenos 
Aires!, 5 6,4 9. 

R. r. schistacea—(var. locs.), 132. MEXICO: Colima!, 3 6,4 @. 


8Specimens in Pons Collection, Maracaibo. 
®Specimens in Museo de Ciencias Naturales ‘‘La Salle,” Caracas. 


PLATE XI PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL.62 


If Los Monjes 2° Of Isha AvedVen) 
* u 375 Ks 


IS Aves Los Roques D' Granada 


Site 
"ee 


i 1 Blangalle 
COrchila | hos Hermanas 


Islas Frades . [* Los Testigos 


Cyuyun, 
(. (GUAYANA 
£3 ANG 


3p 4ar-on; pa 


. a, Sen 

VENEZUELA SSS, BRAS LL 

Millas a 

ce ° 50 100 150 
Kilometros 

$0 Oo SO wo 1580 200 250 


PLats XI. 


List or LOCALITIES 


10 Altamira (Barinas) 23 Colonia Tovar 

22 Altamira, Hda. 7 Conejas, Paramo de 
36 Altiplanicie de Nuria 35 Cristébal Colén 
12 Anzodétegui 50 Cuao, Caiio 

39 Arebuchi, Salto 13 Cubiro 

17 Aroa 8 Culata, Paramo de la 
41 Auyan-tepui, Cerro 20 Cumbre de Valencia 
2 Ayapa, Cerro 15 Curimagua 
35 Azul, Cerro 58 Duida, Cerro 

5 Boca de Monte 6 Egido 

3 Bramén 14 El Cerrén, Cerro 
18 Buearal 14 El Cogollal, Cerro 
12 Buearito, Cerro 32 El Guacharo 

32 Caripe 18 El Hacha 

22 Carabobo, Sierra 24 El Junquito 
24 Caracas 56 El Merey 
55 Casiquiare, Cafio oo «el Pilar 

11 Cendé, Paramo de 49 El Platanal 


[193] 


194 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


8 El Valle (Mérida) 
43 Erebenequén 
24 Galipén 
26 Golfo Triste, Cerro 
54 Guainia, Rio 
48 Guaiquinima, Raudal 
12 Guarico 
34 Humo, Cerro 
25 Izearagua, Hda. 
1 La Sabana 
20 Las Quiguas 
28 Los Altos 
30 Los Palmales 
44 Maria Espuma, Salto 
27 Negro, Cerro (Miranda) 
32 Negro, Cerro (Monagas) 
28 Neveri, Rio 
23 No Leén 
60 Para, Cerro 
38 Paurai-tepui, Cerro 
1 Perija 
45 Perro, Cerro 
23 Pie del Cerro (Aragua) 
7 Pinos, Paramo de los 
57 Playa del Rit Base 


Ptari-tepui, Cerro 
Puerto La Cruz (Dto. Federal) 
Puerto Yapacana 
Quebrada Bonita 
Quebrada Seca 
Queniquea 

Rincén de San Antonio 
San José de los Caracas 
San Esteban 

San Fernando de Atabapo 
San Julian 

San Luis 

Sanariapo 

Santa Clara, Hda. 
Santa Elena (Bolivar) 
Santa Teresa, Hda. 
Tabarerupa, Cerro 
Tabay 

Tambor, Paramo 
Tonoro, Cerro 
Turumiquire, Cerro 
Uaipan-tepui, Cerro 
Uraima, Salto 

Urama 
Yavita-Pimichin, pica 


/ 2 


INDEX 


New nam 


A 


Acanthaster-planci 
Acanthophthalmus 
kuhlii 


sumatranus 
myersi 
semicinctus ps ON - 
shelfordi 
sumatranus 
Acer pennsylvanicum ______ 
Adactynus __ Ser eh 2c 
Adelphicos q. sargii bh Roe 
alascensis, Lagopus lagopus - 
alba, Quercus MeN 4 maned sre tA st 
Albatross 
albescens, Zorilla “‘mapurito. Ae 
albidiventer, Leptopogon su- 
perciliaris 
albigula, Upucerthia _.___ 
Aldrich, John W 
A New House Finch from 
the Palouse Country of 
the Northwestern United 
SEates nome eS lees ma 
Note on the nesting of 
the barn owl in the 
Smithsonian Tower _ 
alexandrae, Lagopus lagopus 
alhambra, Myzocallis —_~ 
Allen, 

Voices of the Night. 
alleni, Sigmodon 
allinornatus, Atlapetes brun- 

Melua) > ee = Wet Fk 
alnifolia, Amelanchier _. 
altissima, Vitex 
alveolatus, Pentaceraster __ 
amazonica, Brunfelsia ____ 

Mephitis ___ 
amazonum, Conirostrum spe- 

ciosum 

Pyrrhura picta 
amazonus, Pachyramphus 

castaneus ___ PPE Ek 
Amelanchier alnifolia 
americana, Walchia 
ampla, Rudheckia 
Anabates certhioides 
andaecola, Upucerthia ____ 
andinus, Chaetocercus jour- 

CO, Se ee 
andrei, Saldula - 
Aneides flavipunctatus __ 
anomala, Drynaria ________ 
antioquiae, Piprites chloris_ 
Aphis 

OG ei ee eee 

COStata yt ne eet al 

HRT O10 ean 

montana 

SUE eae ee 

ETGHEO MIN teen oe eek RES tee 

versicolor 
Archaster typicus 22. 
archeyi, Leiopelma —..__ a 


SON A 


e177) U8; 


es are printed in heavy type. 
arequipae, Cavia tschudii____ 133 
armata, Chonaphe _ Ries 125 eli2¢ 
77 armatus, Polydesmus ___ 125 
69 Arnett, Ross H., elected 
69, 71, 72 MUEMIET ees eae x 
SA WAL Aseapins Fe. oak an a) aes ¢ 58, 59, 61 
09, 71 truei — 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 
€9, 72 californicus |_| 63, 65 
TAs he montanus _____-_ 64, 65 
71 truei _. Be 62, 65 
Tle assimilis, Pyrrhomyias “cin- 
82 Mamomeae es ee 40 
47 ING EACIIS. . sien wereeaes ero 23 
165) Asterina’ Cepiedy sea 74, 76 
175, 176 coronata coronata .____ 74, 76 
84 atalmalpae, Cavia tschudii_ 133, 134 
73 Atlapetes brunnei=nucha 
14 allinornatus — 120, 121 
brunneinucha ae 121 
190 brunnei-nucha ____ 121 
97 inornatus eee ew 120, 121 
xXanthosenys = s= s 120, 121 
torquatus assimilis ___ 122 
basilicus i ae 122 
larensis oan 121, 122 
29-30 perijanus _ epee SS 121122 
phaeopleurus A212 
phiycache = eee 122 
i atratus, Sigmodon hispidus_ 149, 150 
175, 176 atrirostris, Dendrocincla 
106 fuliginosa ES aah. 115 
Auoras, Rand. ss 23 eee 64 
x aureolus, Peromyscus nuttalli 170 
150 auricularis, Basileuterus 
EnISthia tus pee ae ee eS 42 
120, os azteca, Saldula _._____-___—«177, 178, 181 
4 
10 
73 B 
151, 152 baeza, Basileuterus tristri- 
15 atus 22: = ews 42 
Compsocoma flavinucha_ 191 
HIOrsIZ00 - balkeri: Aphis). eu eevee 160 
110, 111 barbouri, Trimetopon eis Se 166, 167 
barinensis, Dendrocincia 
189 fuliginosa __ _. eae 114, 115 
47 Basileuterus tristriatus au- 
1 ricularis bushel babi Div Res eb SL 42 
47 DVO Z ayia CT ee 42 
98, 99 bessereri | tek ee 41, 42 
97 dacdaltisr eset ot 42 
melanotis 22. 3 42 
185, 186 menidanus, 22622 41, 42 
179, 181 Patiae) 2222252 sie, 41, 42 
64, 66 punctipectus ae 42 
148 tacanunae 2222s. 72s 
187, 188 tristriatus ___ 
15 bassingeri, Saldula — __ P78. 180, 11 
160 Batrachoseps _- 
159 eebei, Rhodinocichla’ rosea_ ‘1 
159 Bendict, Bee jin: elected 
159 Vice Presideneee 82 XK 
159 bessereri, Basileuterus 
160 tristriatus _ 41, 42 
159 bislineata, Eurycea 89, cope 93, 94, 95, 96 
74 bislineatay= 89, 90, 91, 92 
57 93, 94) 95, 96 
., WO: 62, 1949. (197) 


N INS 1 
Ty 
Ty 
Oe 


4 


198 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


bislineata, Salamandra _.. 
Black, Robert F. 
Geology of Alaska and 
its biological significance _— 
Blacke, S. F., elected Re- 
cording Secretary 
bolivianus, Philydor rufus_ 
Piprites chloris 
boreas; Bufo {222 
Bortwick, Harry A., Member 
of Council 
brachylopha ii aN Nv 
Luphornis delattrei __ 
Brunfelsia 
amazonica 
guianensis 
brunneinucha, Atlapetes 
brunnei-nucha 
brunnei-nucha, 
brunnei-nucha 
brunniceps, Myioborus brun- 
niceps _ Ensen 
Bucco tamatia | cuyunii_ ipsa 
hypnaleus 
ATNCOTIO Me ee a 
pulmentum 
tamatia 
Bufo boreas __. 
Bunaster lithodes _ 
butleri, Zinaria —__.__.__.. 


Atlapetes 


Cc 


californicus, Ascaphus truei_ 
Myzocallis 
Caluromys 
Cambarus 
compressus 
validus 
campoi, Pipilo fuscus 
canadensis, Cercis 
Sa renege aes a eo se 
Canis latrans Sees ei 
ATIC OA EWS ae 
latranign (ee. ee See 
lestest 22 ae ee 
ochropis, 2 
thamnos 
umpquensis __._.._ 
Carpodacus mexicanus grin- 
mellie 2k eee 
solitudinis 
sordidus _... 
castanea, Fontaria —.__ 
Mimularia 
INannaniag == siaes cers 
castaneocapillus, Myioborus 
brunniceps 
castaneus, Poly desmus ____. 
caucae, Rallus nigricans. 
Cavaay cutlery = ee 
tschudii 
arequipag ae 
atahualpae —.— 
osgoodi __.... 
Dallidion = sae 
tschudii 
cayngae, Nannaria __.._ 
cayopollin, Philander —_ 
cephea, Asterina __.. 
Cercis canadensis —. 
certhioides, Anabates ~ 
Ochetorhynchus 
certhioides _.. 
Upucerthia 
cervina, Dolerisca ~~. 
cervinus, Leucippus —_......... 


89 


Chaetocercus jourdanii an- 
dinus 
ipa den naan 


Chambedin. Ralph V. 
New Genus and Four 
New Species in the 
Diplopod Family Xys- 
todesmidae 
A New family in the 
Diplopod Order Chor- 
deumida 
Some Western Millipeds 
of the Family Chelo- 
desmidae __. 
chapadensis, Philydor rufus_ 
Cherokia, 2220 i eee 
georgiana _ 
chinensis, Oriolus 
chinensis 
Chironectes minimus _____ 
chlorigaster, Treron phoeni- 


185, 186 
185, 186 
185, 186 


- 3-6 


7-8 


125-132 
117 

3 

3, 5 


solr sees 155 
159; 156; ee 


coptera, oa RG eee 9 
chlorion, Piprites chloris___ 187, 188 
Chonaphe SIR esa 52 Lee 125 

armata. qo eee 125, 127 

CYSNCia! oe 125, 129 

elnodi! es a ea eee 125 

patriotica ______.._125, 127, 129 

remissa _ enya 127, 129 
chrysopis, Reithrodontomys ~ 163, 164 

chrysopis ames Pe 163, 164 
Churchill, Ethan D., elected 

member 0 ck eae en ix 
Cinara symphitiee ose 159 
Cinclodes\) 22s sana aS 
cinereus, Plethodon cinereus 137, 138, 139 
cinnamomea, Pyrrhomyias 

cinnamomea pee iver s 40 
cirrigera, Eurycea bislinea- 

fa = 89) 90 OI O72 aO Senos 

cirrigera xX bislineata 1, 94, 96 
clacigera, Mithrodia _______ 74 
clara, Harpaphe __ eee 128, 129 
Clark, Austin H. 

On a Collection of Sea- 

stars from the Philip- 
pine Islands) ssa 73-78 

Columba subvinacea penin- 

sularis ___ 33 
columbiang, Myospiza ~ hue 

Mmetalis: 2. eee 162 
columbianus, Philydor rufus 116 
comatula, Saldula 20 unas 179, 181 
compressus, Cambarus —_._ 23 

Orconectes —..__ 17, 18, 19 
Compsocoma flavinucha 

baezae: 4.22 at doh 2 191 

cyanoptera eee 191 

favinttcha) 2 191 

Somptuosa) ss 191 

venezuelana __.___ nee 190, 191 

Vil GEOR UI eee 191 

virididorsalis _.._._____ 190, 191 
conepatl, Viverra —.____.___. 15 
Coneptaus semistriatus 15, 16 
confluenta, Saldula 177 
Conirostrum speciosum ama- 

zonus __ SAMAR A Ie 119, 120 

guaricola eek Sea 119, 120 

speciosum) (22 = 119, 120 
Conover, Boardman 

New Race of Rallus 

nigricans from ‘Colom- 

} OY pein Wee gbenerie NUNES us ey 173-174 
coronata, Asterina coronata_ 74, 76 
costaricensis, Xiphorhynchus rik 


guttatus 


eostata, Aphis. 
Cottam, Clarence 
Conservation in New 
Zealand). ese ee: 
Note on damage done by 
squirrels to lead pipe 
used to protect tele- 
phone wire 
Cevptobranchus 29-2 
cuchivera, Pyrrhura Picta _ 
cuchiverus, eee rufus 
Cuica 2. 
ratbigbate® 9 ae 
Culcita novaeguinae 
cumanensis, Grallaricula 
FEHR ch oe asa Sc ce es CT 
etter. Cavia’ 222222 ea ea 
cuyunii, Bucco tamatia_____ 
cyanoptera, Compsocoma 
flavinucha 
Cyclorhamphus — hg 
cygneia, Chonaphe _._ a 


D 


Basileuterus tris- 


daedalus, 
triatus 
Dalquest, W. W. and Hall, 
E. Raymond 
New subspecies of 
Funnel-eared Bat (Na- 
talus Mexicanus) from 
Eastern Mexico _.. 
Davis, Malcolm, Member of 
Council eeherious Se 
Note on the observation 
of a European ruff ___ 
Note on a turkey buz- 
zard snatching a frank- 


furter from a small boy _ 


at the Zoo and eating 
; (| SAeeeee Se ee PAD: ce oe ee 
Dayton, W. A. 
elected Vice President___ 
Deignan, 
elected Vice President. 
Deason, H. J., elected Mem- 
ber of Council se 
delattrei, Lophornis —__ 
delattrei __. ee 
demonstratus, Xiphorhny- 
chus guttatus SET SL Se on 
Dendrocincla fuliginosa atri- 
rostris _. 
barinensis 
PUIeINOSa AY 
- lafresnay? 2 
meruloides 
phaeochroa ___. 
Rid Saya es = 
rufo-olivacea 
depressa, Drymaria ______ sd 
Didelphis lanata ___.____ ia 
LG'S ese eh pee naa GRR 2 ee ee ene 
opossum ___. 
mhitlandeg. 220 a 
Didelphys ____ 


disparunguis, Walchia "a 


Dolerisca cervina 
Doleromya fallax 12 
dorbignyanus, Xiphorhyn- 
Chis guttatus) oe 
Drake, C. J. and 
Hottes, F. C. 

Two New Species of Sal- 
didae (Hemiptera) from 
Western United States 

Wicyrianiay - 08 ee a oe 


Index 


159 


xi 


153-154 
x 


ix 


113, 114 


114, 115 


114, 115 


177-184 
147 


anomala __ ORD. 148 
depressay 2h. ee sie 148 
Cihas ane tee le Sets 2s eee 148 
POMCKVist ae ee Sb eee vi 147 
leptopitylla 222 ae ae 147, 148 
Ceme ay a ese ese 147 
Penis.) See ze 148 
duidae, Myioborus brunniceps 
Troglodytes rufulus ___ 118, 119 
dumetaria, Upucerthia 97 
durranti, Thomomys tai- 

Podesta ee oe MAT, 144) 145 
Duvall .A.; J., elected Treas- 

AIRC Tyee we re x 
Dynoria medialis oe 3,5 

rhe hdie\. | sees eines Mee a 3 
E 

Cnisa wiv ta riaes et ee 148 
elegans, Brom ae 74, 75 
elgonis, Zorilla mapurito __ 14 
elrodi; \Chonaphe 2222" 125 
Leptodesmus (Chonaphe) 127 
Montaphe r= s2s seen ee ok 127 
enodes) Walchiay = Sesser = 1 
Ensatina platensis a 66 
equalis, Nannaria ____ ee 4,5 
Ercethidae 2252 = oe 7 
EGS chs pie ew ee ee 7 
perditus phe sees les 7 
erus, Polydesmus ___..._ 125 
erythreae, Zorilla mapurito__ 14 

estebani, Ochetorhynchus 

certhioides Penna $8, 
Eurycea bislineata___89, 92, 93, 94, 95, 06 

bislineata 
89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 | 
eitrigera (= 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94 
cirrigera x bislineata 91, 94, 96 
FIT OTe eee ee ai 90 
rivicolay _. 93, 94, 95 
wilderae Bega) “90, 91, 92, 95, 96 
ewingi, Trombidium _— > 1 
Wialichiae nee ae 1 
excelsior, Upucerthia pouch ae 97 
exigua, Pataca eee 77 
eximia, Rhodinocichla rosea. 192 
explanata.Saldula, 2222 ==. - 178 
eytoni, aupherkyage gut- 
BES aye aE RT RON 114 
F 
fallax, “Doleromya, == 112 
Leucippus fallax e) 112, 113 
flavinucha, Compsocoma fla- 

VAtlewlat esis se ee ee 191 
flavipunctatus, Aneides ___. 64, 66 
Fontaria georgiana _.____ 3 

GuObttag eee ese 4 
forficulatus, Goniodiscaster 74 
formosa, Pipreola formosa__ 39 
Fosberg, F. R. 

A New Drymaria (Caryo- 

phyllaceae) from Mex- 
5 (X0 igen ea ee 147-148 
fossor, Thomomys _._ 144, 145 


Thomomys talpoides 
143, 144, 145, 146 


Fromia elegans fs Weer 74, 75 
FUPOT Cre re ee BA oo 73 
fugensis, Oriolus chinensis _ 156 
fuliginosa, Dendrocincla 
fuldginosas joe Le 115 


200 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


New Name for the 
Genotype of Walchia 
Ewing (Acarina: Trom- 
biculidae) 

fulvigularis, Troglodytes 
Tutulusy) eee ae eS 
fulviventris, Trochilus 
iooarraS, Semblkee 
fuscus, Ophidiaster SAR SEU ake 
Pipilo 
fUSCUS _ 2 ee ee 


Fuller, Henry S. 
A 


Gabrielson, Ira N. and 

Lincoln, Frederick C. 
A New Race of Ptar- 
migan in Alaska _.._. 
Gambaripaliatatag ee wo 
gentryi, Drymaria ___.....__ 
Geophis nasalis ._..- a 
georgiana, Cherokia —_..__. 
H@ontaniat Geen eee ee eee 
Gilliard, E. Thomas, elected 
Member ke se 
Two New Orioles from 
the Philippines —._ 
glabrum, Trombidium ____ bis 
Goniodiscaster forficulatus_ 
gracile, Trimetopon —.._ 
Grallaria haplonota 
haplonata 
Datiae: Soe ae 
Grallaricula nana cumanensis 
kukenamensis 
palreliGle get septa ok Napa NEDSS 
Dariae 2.220 Ne ee e 
granifer, Ophidiaster _.____ 
granulosus, Triturus 

Griffith, Richard E. 
Conservation of Alaska’s 
wildlife resources __. e 
grinnelli, Carpodacus mexi- 
canus _. 

Grobman, Arnold B. 
Some Recent Collections 
of Plethodon from Vir- 
ginia with the Descrip- 
tion of a New Form__ 

guaricola, Conirostrum 
speciosum” 
guianensis, Brunfelsia is 
Gulo quitensis 
gumillac, Mephitis 
gunnisonii, Quercus __..___- 
guttatoides, Xiphorhynchus 
guttatus 


Hall, E. Raymond 

A New Subspecies of 
Cotton Rat, Sigmodon 
hispidus, from Micho- 
acan, México ._. 

Hall, E. Raymond and Dal- 
quest, W. W. 

A New Subspecies of 
Funnel-eared Bat (Na- 
talus Mexicanus) from 
Eastern Mexico .. 

Hall, E. Raymond and Villa 
R, Bernardo 

"A New Harvest Mouse 
from Michoacan, Mex- 
ico ... folie ata 

hamiltoni, “Leiopelma ee NI 


175-176 


ix 


135-142 
119, 120 


149-150 


153-154 


163-164 
57 


hannsternii, Trimetopen 


165, 166, 167, 168 


haplonota, Grallaria 37 
haplonota. 22 37 
Harpaphe (22.2850. 23 sie 127 
Clara,® 2.80. 2u ee ae 128, 129 
hay. enitaiia ane 127, 128 
haydenianus —.. = 127 
inlignea. 22... 2s 2 128, 129 
THOMOND EN SS 128 
penulta) 220 be eres 128, 129 
potteral 2S 129 
telodonta === ane 129 
Harry, Robert R. 
A new Loach of the Ge- 

nus Acanthophthalmus 

from. Siam 2s 69-72 
harterti, Ochetorhynchus _ 100 

Rhodocichla rosea 192 
Upucerthia 97 
haydeniana, Harpaphe _.__. 127, 128 
haydenianus, Harpaphe _.__ 127 
Leptodesmus eR as oh. 127 
hellmayri, Leptopogon super- 
Ciltanis. ee eee eee 190 
Hershkovitz, Philip 
Generic Names of the 

Four-eyed Pouch Opos- 

sum and the Woolly 

Opossum (Didelphidae) 11-12 

Technical Names of the 

African Muishond (Ge- 

nus Zorilla) and the 

Colombian Hog-nosed 

skunk (Genus Conepat- 

WG) et AO a 13-16 
Hippasteria philippiensis -—_ 74 
Hobbs, Horton H., Jr. 

A New Crayfish of the 

Genus Orconectes from 

the Nashville Basin in 

Tennessee, with notes 

on the Range of Or- 

conectes compressus 

(Faxon) eee 

AStacidae) a ee 17-28 
hochstetteri, Leiopelma —__ = By 
Hoffman, Richard L. 

Three New Species of 

Diplopoda from Virginia 81-88 
Holo thiyla xa eee 12 
Hooper, Emmet T. 

A New Subspecies of Har- 

vest Mouse (Reithro- 

dontomys) from Central 

AmeriCa (228 2 sea x 169-172 
Hottes, F. C. 

Descriptions of Some Un- 

described Forms Be- 

longing to Two Little- 

Known Species of the 

Family Aphididae 45-52 

Descriptions of the Sexual 
Forms of Some Species 
of Aphididae we 53-56 
A New Species Belonging 
to the Genus Myzocallis 
(Aphididae) —- 105-108 
Some Obscure Aphid Spe- 

CIES), Ale eee ee a 159-160 

Hottes, F. ‘one 
Drake, 
Two New “Species of Sal- 

didae (Hemiptera) from 

Western United States - 177-184 
howelli, Rene ENS 

mexicanus . iare® 170 
huidae, Plethodon nicks 137, 138, 139 


humeralis, Myospiza —___._.. 

humeralis 
humilis, Rallus nigricans __. 
hypnaleus, Bucco tamatia— 


£ 


icana, Drynoria medialis____.. 
lictonyx, Striatus: 2. 
striatus 
Giimota 
illinoiensis, Sidulan so 
bee cuhtis, Saiulus 
incolatus, Canis latrans __._ 
inlignea, Harpaphe 
inornatus, Atlapetes brunnei- 
nucha = 
insignis, Retaster 
intaminata, Harpaphe See 
interior, Bucco tamatia____ 
intermedius, Pachyramphus 
castaneus x: 
Zorilla mapurito gedaan 


J 


Jackson, Hartley H. T. 
Two New Coyotes from 
the United States ____ 
japonica, Fromia 
jardinei, Xiphorhynchus gut- 
tatus __ Be Ge ee N 
Johnson, De is elected Cor- 
responding Secretary 
jourdanii, Chaetocercus 
jourdanit (= eee 


Kakimia tutigula- 
wahinkae 
Kelona latiolia 2" es 
Kelson, Keith R. 
"New Pocket Gopher 
From Southeastern Utah 
kickapoo, Macrosiphum 
kiowanica, Myzocalis 
kleei, Tinamus tao 
Knipolegus peecilurus 
paraquensis 
peruanus 
poecilurus __ 
salvini 
venezuelanus 
Acanthophthalmus___ 
kuhiin 222 es 
kukenamensis, Grallaricula. 
1441) Gtr es See ae seo, See, A Te Oe 


kuhlii, 


iL; 
lachrymans, Rhadinaea ___.. 
lactarium, Spirostrephon __.. 
laevigata, | Biever pee a ae 

Macrosiphum 
lafresnayi, Dendrocincla 
fuliginosa 
Lagopus lagopus ‘alascensis 
alexandrae 222 sea 
muriei 
lanata, Didelphis 
lancasteri, Zorilla 
laniger, Didelphis 
larensis, Tinamus tao___.____ 
Fatitolia, Walaa...» 0325 


Index 


161, 162 
161, 162 
173 
187 


120, 121 
73 


128 
187 


188, 189 
14 


31-32 
73 


113, 114 
x 


185, 186 


118 


109, 110 
84 


latrans, Canis 
: latnancy.26 2 eee 
Leiaster speciosus —_____ 
Meiopelinaws =. 2s | Peer Mele 
APCH Gye 2-2 80 ese ee 
hanultoniys 2 
hochstetteri _.._ 
Leptodesmus (Chonaphe) _ 
elrodi pile Verein eee Seo 
hay deniantis | sac 
leptophylla, Drymaria —_ 
Leptopogon superciliaris 
albidiventer _____ 
hellmayri 
Pabiae ss. bus us 
poliocephalus, === 
superciliaris 
tan SanGanis) 
venezuelenis 
lessoni, Lophornis delattrei_ 
lestes, Canis 1 
Leucippus cervinus e 
fallax fallax 
occidentalis _ 
richmondi _ 
lewthawaitei, Walchia ___ 
limoni, Aphis ON 
limpopoensis, Zorilla mapurito 
Linckia laevigata _. 
multiflora 
Lincoln, F. C. 
elected President _._. ba 
The homing instinct in 


Lincoln, Frederick C., and 
Gabrielson, Ira N. 
A New Race of Ptarmi- 
gan in Alaska .___ 
lioderma, Ophidiaster _—_ 
Tiriodendron tulipfera — 
lithodes, Bunaster 
Lophornis delattrei _.___ 
brachylopha __.___-_. 
delattrei 
lessoni un 
lucianii, Pyrrhura ‘picta _ 
lucifrons, Reithrodontomys — 
mexicanus — oes. 
luscinia, Ochetorhynchus a 
Upucerthia certhioides__. 


M 


Macrosiphoniella staticis 
Macrosiphum kickapoo — 
laevigatae 
MACLOSUpP Un = of 
rudbeckiarum 
WVASASOR AE 22s ee 
major, Eurycea bislineata__ 
Matlodelphys) === 
mapurito, Mephitis ____ 
Wivientagsese 
margaritae, Xiphorhnychus — 
guttatus 
marginatus 
Marmosa 
APUG Titer cat rhea eee ne 
mascotensis, Sigmodon 
hispidus ___ Pune PRAYER) 
maureri, Myzocallis | ee eats Ms 
maximus, Zorilla mapurito_ 
media, Nannaria 
medialis, Drynoria 
melanotis, Sigmodon _. __ 
Basileuterus tristriatus 


74,755.46 
x 


x 


175-176 


110, 111 
170 


98, 99 
98, 99, 100 


15 
13, 14, 15 


113, 114 


160 


202 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Mephitis amazonica 
gumillae 
MApUcicO =a 
ZO taille ene 

meridanus, Basileuterus 

tHiIStTiatuS ioe eS ee 
meruloides, Dendrocincla 
fulieineSa ge er 

Metachirops) 2-2 ae 

mexicanus, Natalus —... 

mexicanus 
Reithrodontomys 

IMS COME US eee ee 

Micracanthia pusilla 

Mimularia castanea _....._. 

minimus, Chironectes 

Mithrodia clacigera sf 

Mittleman, M. B. 

American Caudata. VI. 
The Races of Eurycea 
bislineata 

Mittleman, M. B., 

Myers, George S. 
Geographic Variation in 
the Ribbed Frog, As- 
caphus truei — ed 

Monodelphis uted 

ALON PAs eA kis) pee be 
Rudebeckia Me 

montanus, Ascaphus truei _ es 
Ochetorhynchus ruficau- 

GUIS ii ee asa ae 
Satish seer ee eee 

Montaphe 232 x 
lbroreht 

Moore, Robert cia 
A New Race of Pipilo 

fuscus from Mexico___ 
A New Hummingbird of 
the Genus Lophornis 
from Southern Mexico. 
Moreno, Abelardo, elected 
member ais wi sid wh ea 
morobensis, Walchia 
morrisoni, Nannaria ............. 

Morton, 

A New Brunfelsia from 
Brazil ee ee er A 
multiflora, Linckia ~~... 
muriei, Lageopus lagopus__... 
murina, Cuica 
Marmosa __.......... aN 
Mustela) zonllay = 

Myers, George S., and 

Mittleman, M. B. 
Geographic Variation in 
the Ribbed Frog, As- 
Caphus) trueiy eee 
myersi, Acanthophthalmus _ 

Myioborus brunniceps brun- 

niceps 
castaneocapillus 
@uidaey a 
pariae 
Myospiza humeralis 
columbiana WW. 
humeralis 
pallidula 
tarijensis 
xanthornus 

Myzocallis alhambra 
californicus 
kiowanica 
maureri 
tonkawa 


and 


15 
15 
15 
15 


41, 42 


114, 115 
12 

153, 154 
153, 154 
169 

12 

180 

4 

12 

74, 77 


89-96 


101-102 


103-104 
x1 

1 

84 


151-152 
74, #9508 


.... 105, 106, 107 


N 

nana, Grallaricula nana .___. 37 
INatiniaria 32) ee ee 2 ae 84, 85 

Castane ay” 22 =a enone en 
Cayugac 2s eee 4,5 
equalis) =) 32 ees ee 4,5 
Mae cdia yes c= Wer eee ee 84 
MOFLEISON] mies ee 84 
ohionis; 2 ee eee 4 
shenandoae =a 82, 86 

tuobital itty ee 

VS Be ee 4 

nanus, Xiphorhynchus gut- 
tatus __ ae 114 
Nardoa novaecaledoniae __ 73 
Dauctionisy == eee 73 
Squamulosa, es ua 73 
tuberculata, =. ie T3013 
nasalis,, Géophis 225 22 16 
Natalus mexicanus 153, 154 
AIVEXILC ALIS eee 153, 154 
saturatus 153, 154 
Nectarophora rudbeckiarum _— 47 


nettingi, Plethodon __.. 136, 137, 138, 139 
NISHLCAMS yew alll se 173, 174 

POUCA KOENIG) 174 
rapesotials Senlelptla jo 178 
Ninia sebae sebae ii 165 
nodosus, Protoreaster —____ 73 
novaecaledoniae, Nardoa — tA: 
novaeguinae, Culcita _..._. 74 


O 


obscuratus, Zorilla mapurito 14 
occidentalis, Leucippus tallax 111, 113 
Ochetorhynchus 97 


certhioides certhioides _. 98, 100 
estebani~ ____.___ 98, 100 
harterti: (2. eee 100 
lisciniay {ess eee 98, 99 
TUUCA Use eee 97 
MON tan Sy ee 100 
ruficaudus ARI SF 100 
ochopus, Canis latrans __ = 32 
ocius, Thomomys_talpoides _ 144 
ocotepequensis, Reithrodon- 
tomys ocotepequensis —_..... 170 
ohionis, Nannaria —...._-_ 4 
olympicus, Rhyacotriton _.. 66 
O’Neill, Hugh, 
elected Vice President... Sx 
Vegetation of Alaska —_. x 
Ophidiaster fuscus —.... 73 
SPAM ILE Ty ee ee 76 
Mod Ertan ee B 74, 76 
pustulatus, == 74, 76 
opossum, Didelphis — 11, 12 
Orconectes compressus —..... 17, 18, 19 
rhoadesi _...__.--__------ 19, 23 
Walidus) 24 2.5 eee eee 17, 23 
Oreopeleia linearis pariae 33 
Oriolus chinensis 
chinensis 
fugaensis 156 
sorsogonensis _..._... 157 
Sulttensis ee 157 
yamamurae __. oo Bersce 157 
orinus, Reithrodontomys 
mexicanus 169, 170 
osgoodi, ‘Cavia tschudii__.... 1 


Othilia luzonica 
ourayi, Saldula —...... 177. 


P 


Pachyramphus castaneus 


Index 


amazonus 22 = 189 
intermedius 188, 189 
parui 188, 189 
Saturatus.. === a 188, 189 
pallidior, Cavia tschudii 133 
pallidula, Myospiza humeralis 161, 162 
pallipes, Saldula —______.__. 179 
palmata, Gamba 12 
panerythrus, Philydor rufus_ 116 
paraquensis, Knipolegus 

poecilurus _§-_ 117, 118 
ee Basileuterus tristri- 

TVR SS ele eee 41, 42 

Grallaria haplonota ___ 37, 38 
PAA ye Shed bees Se 36, 37 
Myiocborus brunniceps _— 40, 41 
Oreopeleia linearis 33 
Pipreola formosa ——__ 38, 39 
Premnoplex tatei - 35 
Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea 39, 40 
Synallaxis cinnamomea —_ 
Parks, Kenneth C., elected 

MEME Lees = = eee a Ee x 
parui, pocuaraunp ini castan= 

CUS Ge ee a oe i 188, 189 
Patiriella exigua ___ a. 
patriotica, Chonaphe____ ~ 125, 127, 129 
pauciioris, Nardoa 2-2 = 73 
peninsularis, Columba sub- 

WTCOaAn, Ss ee ee 33 
pennsylvanicum, Acer 82 
Pentaceraster alveolatus____ 73 
penulta, Harpaphe —___—. 128, 129 
perditus, Ergethus 
periianus, Piprites chloris _ 187, 188 
Peromyscus nuttalli aureolus 170 
perotensis, Reithrodon- 

tomys chrysopis ———-~—-—. 164 
peruanus, Knipolegus 

Boceiueys 22 ee 118 
Peters, James L., and 

Wetmore, Alexander 

Remarks on the Genus 
Ochetorhynchus Meyen 97-100 
phaeochra, Dendrocincla 

fulignosa —__— ae 115 
Phelps, William ue and 

Phelps, William au Jr. 

Eight New Birds from 

the Subtropical Zone of 

the Paria Peninsula, 
Wenezuela eo. =e. 33-44 

Eleven New Subspecies 
of Birds from Venezuela 109-124 

Seven New Subspecies of 
Birds from Venezuela- 185-196 
IRhilander:-28 dee see ey aly 
cayopollin 1 COR ef % 12 
virginianus pkbree 1 
philander, Didelphis _ Hiro aes 12 
philippinensis, Hippasteria 74 

phillipsi, Treron- phoenicop= 

ae: | ee ee ee ES Oe 9 
Philydor rufus bolivianus__ 117 

chapadensis 117 
columbianus rs 116 
cuchiverus _________ 116 
panerythrus: _— 116 
TLV E ye ee eee Pele eee 117 
TULUS. Hoes ee aa 117 
Bicta,. Pyrrhiira: 2.6 so 110, 111 
pingue, Walchia _....__-_SE 1 
Pipilow suscus, 3 eee 101 
campoi _____.____ 101, 102 
RUSCUS I eee ew 101 


potosinus 
texanus 
LOTOM Se 
Pipreola formosa formosa__— 
Pariae 
rubidior Lx 
Piprites chloris antioquiae— 
bolivaanius) 2 eee 
chlorion 
perijanus 
tschuditi se ee 
planci, Acanthaster 
platensis, Ensatina _____ 
Plethodon 


huldae 
nettingi 
richmondi 
wehrlei 
welleri 
pliolepis, Trimetopon —__.__ 
peocilurus, Knipolegus 
poecilurus __. 
poliocephalus, Leptopogon 
superciliaris 
Polydesmus armatus 
castaneus 
erucs __ PANE eS 
polystictus, Xiphorhynchus 
guttatus ___ 
pondoensis, Zorilla “‘mapurito. 
posadasi, Trimetopon 
potosinus, Pipilo fuscus——-_. 
pottera, Harpaphe _ 


Premnoplex tatei pariae —__ 


tateritss Lae Lee 
pretiosa. Rana awe. 
Protoreaster nodosus —____. 
Pruitt, William O., elected 
member .2 ees 
Pseudopolydesmus serratus 
pulmentum, Bucco tamatia_ 
punctipectus, Basileuterus 
tristriatus 
pusilla, Micracanthia _____ 
pustulatus, Ophidiaster ____ 
putorius, Viverra __ 
pygmaeus, Thomomys tal- 
poides ____ 
Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea 
assimilis 
cinnamomea 
pariae _ _. 
pytrhoptera — 
Spadix sire et ee 
vieillotioides —__- 
pyrrhoptera, Pyrrhomyias 
cinnamomea 
Pyrrhura picta amazonum___ 
cuchivera 
hiciani = ee . 
picta 


Quercus _.. 
alba 
gunnisonii 

quitensis; Gul@ 20 te by 


R 


Rallis ntenicans =e 
caucae 
humilis 
nigricans 

Rana althonra, ees oes 

PREMOSay aes RS ee 


L eee 186, 
cinereus cinereus —______ 136, 

Sine ESO S75 
ee ASG; 137% 
at, Rites S185 


eS Sites Cu Aga 


189, 190 


166, 168 


173, 174 


204 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Rausch, Robert, elected 


member thee, Cote iene a a x1 
ravus, Thomomys talpoides.. 145 
Reithrodontomys aa eet Sires 163 
chy sopis) (22.222. ca 163, 164 
chiysopis) 163, 164 
perotensis —.__._.___ 164 
S@€ClUSUS: Je 163, 164 
Mexicans, (22225) aes 169 
HO Wells) eee eee 170 
lucifrons aCe Rats Beste 7 170 
ocotepequensis ____ 170 
OIMNUS) 202 ee 169, 170 
remissa, Chonaphe _______._ 125, 127, 129 
repens, Trifolium — 160 
Retaster insignis __....._._ 73 
Rhadinaea lachrymans __._ 165 
rhoadesi, Orconectes ______ 19, 23 
Rhodinocichla rosea —__.___ 191 
beebel: 22) 191, 192 
TOS Cath cate eee 192 
@xiimia:) ce ea 192 
harterti) ee ees 192 
Schistaceay === was 192 
Rhyacvctnitony es 66 
richmondi, Leucippus fallax. 112, 113 
Plethodon 222) == 135, 1395 140 
ridgwayi, Dendrocincla 
Laliginosa) jsebew 116 
Ripley, ie Dillon 
A New Race of the 
Southern Indian Green 
Ris eong ne es se Se oeeT 9-10 
riveti, Philydor rufus 117 


rivicola, Eurycea bislineata_ 93, 94, 95 
64 


rivularis, Triturus 
Romanoff, Mrs. Anastasia J., 


elected member _. EK: 
rosae, Chaetocerus jourdanii 185, 186 
rosea, Rhodinocichla — 191 
TOSCAl) Sere EE bo 192 
rosenbergi, Xiphorhynchus 
GUttatuiss |; Rees a eee ae es 114 
rubidior, Pipreola formosa 38, 39 
GUbcilataeey Zinnia 84, 85, 86 
Rb Wisi Skee, ee el a 51 
Rudebeclia: 7. 2aieas ears 50 
aimiplia? 23382) eee 47 
montana 50, 51 
rudbeckiarum, ~Macrosiphum 47, 51 
Nectarophora eee i. limite 47 
ruficauda, Upucerthia 97 
ruficaudus, Ochetorhynchus — 97 
ruficaudus 2 a 100 
rufo-olivacea, Dendrocincla 
fulisinosa, 22. See. 115 
rufulus, Troglodytes rufulus 118 
rufus, Philydor rufus___...__ 117 
GUsticas WValchia)y ees 1 
S) 
Sailer, Reese I. 
The bloodsucking insects 
Of Allasikay 2 ees ix 
Saiulus canadensis —..... 81 
LCLATD ADT eee Maer De alia 82 
immaculatus 82 
Montaniis |) Lee Le ee 81, 82, 86 
Salamandra bislineata —.. 89 
salatoria, Saldula 179 
Saldula andrei _... 177, 178, 179, 181 
OzteCal os eee 177, 178, 181 
bassingenni, pee 179, 180, 181 
comatilla: 22 ee eS 179, 181 
coniwenta (22s ee ee 177 
explanaita 2226. eee 178 


ilinorensis) 23. es 179 
oN hea col Pepe ine Nee Reet NS 178 
ourayi «177, 179, 180, 181 
Dallipesw as ee eit 179 
Salita'to pia, 23s sie eee fee 179 
Salix P20 ee Le 50, 51 

' salvini, Knipolegus 

poecilurus ie 117, 118 

Sanborn, Colin Campbell 
Cavies of Southern Peru. 133-134 
sargii, Adelphicos q. 2... 165 
saturatus, Natalus mexicanus 153, 154 
Pachyramphus castaneus 188, 189 
Scaphiopus —. a 64 
schistacea, Rhodinocichla- 

rosea __ VERA Shales 192 
sebae, Ninia sebae 165 
seclusus, Reithrodontomys 

Clifysopis: 2s. cee eee 163, 164 
semicinctus, Acanthophthal- 

HUM. 2 eee Seep va a aee a he 2 
semistriata, ~Viverra 15 
semistriatus, Coneptaus 15, 16 
senegalensis, Zorilla mapu- 

Tito 14 
septentrionalis, ‘Tinamus tao 109, 110 
serrana, Upucerthia ._..__ 97 
serratus, Pseudopolydesmus. 82 
shelfordi, Acanthophthalmus.. 71 
shenandoa, Nainital 82, 86 
shoae, Zorilla mapurito —... 14 
shortridgei, Zorilla mapurito 14 
Siemod on sae bs 149, 150 

allent) 22. a eee 150 
hispiduas atratus __. 149, 150 
mascotensis x 149, 150 
melanotis. 22 = ee 150 
Sigmoria zyga ee) 
simile, Trimetopon —__. 166, 167 
slevini, Trimetopon —.._ 166, 168 
solitudinis, Carpodacus 

mexicanus nay Pe 2 29 
somptuosa, Cemeer es 

flavincula ... Spon eet) 191 
sordidus, Carpodacus 
MeXICANUS 9. koe Dh ee 29, 30 
sorsogonensis, Oriolus 

chinensis <2! ya See 157 
spadix, Pyrrhomyias cinna- 

WMUONVUE a.) se 2 eee 39, 40 
speciosum, Conirostrum spe- 

CIOS UMMy ea eee ee 119, 120 
speciosus, Leiaster —.-.. 73, 74 
Spilogale See 1OvelS 
Spirostrephon lactarium 82 
squamulosa, Nardoa 73 
Stage, H. H. 

Observations of an ento- 
mologist in Africa and 
Mauritius; Nagana, 
African sleeping sick- 
ness of animals (sound 
Alin)" ee Oe x 
Stager, Kenneth E., elected 

MLEI Det. de ee ee eee ee xi 
staticis, Macrosiphoniella 160 
Staticobnttrey ene 159 
Stickel, William, Member of 

Concise ee sie 
Snake, Jos | a 159 
striatipectus, Synallaxis cin- 

TAMIO Mea. ee een 34 
Strida huss eC tomy eee Ee 13 

Stratus’ 2.7 team 14 
Malwastents oe eons 74, 77 


Stuart; i... C. 

A New Trimetopon 
(Ophidia) from Guate- 
mala Ts 

sudanicus, Zorilla mapurito_ 
suluensis, Oriolus chinensis_ 
sumatranus, Acanthothphal- 

mus 


Leptopogon 


superciliaris, 
superciliaris 
susurrans, Xiphorhynchus 
guttatus 
Swift, Lloyd W., Member of 
Counc ieee se tei 
Synapaitis, (Cinara, asses te es 
Synallaxis cinnamomea 
pariae Seah ee See 
Striatipectus 222225 


T 


tacarunae, Basileuterus 
tristriatus 
talpoides, Thomomys ee Sree 
tamatia, Bucco tamatia. 
£a05- dunamus tao, 2! 
tarijensis, Myospiza hume- 
ralis 
tatei, Premnoplex tatei —___ 
Telmatobius 
telodonta, Harpaphe 
tenella, Drymaria 28 =". 
tenius, Drymaria Sra be 
texanus, Pipilo fuscus ______ 
thamnos, Canis latraris 
Thomomys fossor 
tal poides. = 
durranti 
fossor 
OMIS ye ae eee 
pyemacus, 222) 
Tayus: | = 
uinta 
Thone, Frank 
Exhibition of new books 
on biological subjects 
Timetopon veraepacis ____ 
Manamis tao, kieey> a 
larensis 
septentrionalis ___ 
tao 
tenkawa, Myzocalis ___ ees ae (3 
toroi, Pipilo fuscus _.___ 
transandinus, stil Eig 
superciliaris 
Treron Pan eonreee chlori- 
gaster 
phillipsi ELE Beri TSA 
trifolii, Aphis . 
Trifolium Tepensi =. 
Haametoponm 
HaACHOUTey ee 
gracile _ 
hannstenii phe Mags: 166, 
pliolepis 
posadasi 
simile 
shea =) Se 
viquezi e 
tristriatus, Basileuterus 
tristriatus 
Triturus granulosus BEE ers 3), 
rivularis ? 
Trochilus fulviventris 
Troglodytes rufulus duidae__ 
fulvigularis 
TATCMaSy La 


143, 
143, 144, 


113, 


101, 


144, 
145, 
144, 
145, 


144, 


166, 


109, 
109, 
109, 
106, 
101, 


167, 


118, 


Index 


114 
x 
159 


34 
34 


vavii _ 
Grombicula 22 =. eT 
Trombidium ewingi —_ 
glabrum _ a ate eee 
truer, “Ascaphusi2 1 ee 
62, 63, 


tschudit) Gaya ees oa Se. 
tschudii 
Piprites chloris 
Tsuga 
tuberculata, Nardoa 
tulipifera, Liriodendron ____ 
tuobita, Fontaria 
Nannania 22 
turmalis, Walchia 
tutigula, Kakimia 
typicus, Archaster 


U 


uinta, Thomomys talpoides_ 
umpquensis, Canis latrans ~_ 
Upgcerthia seeeste ss a 
albigula 
andaecola 
certhioides 
luscinia 
dumetaria _ 
excelsior 
harterti 
ruficauda 
serrana ___ 
validirostris __ 
urban, Zinaria 
ursa, Nannaria 2 


Vv 


validirostris, Upucerthia __ 
validus, 
Valvaster striatus __ 
valvidus, Cambarus 
venezuelana, Compsocoma 
flavincula 
venezuelanus, Knipolegus _ 
poecilurus _. e 
venezuelensis, Leptopogon — 
superciliaris element 
veraepacis, Trimetopon ___ 
versicolor, Aphis 
victorini, Composocoma 
Hay ani Chal pee ee ear 
vieillotioides, Pyrrhomyias 
cinnamomea __ eae ae? 
Villa ke Bernardo and 
Hall, E. Raymond 
A New Harvest Mouse 
from Michoacan, Mex- 
ico EEE Sarees 
viquezi, Icimetopen 2252 
virginianus, Philander - 
virididersalis, Compsocoma 
flavinucha 
Vitex altissima 
Viverra conepatl 
mapurito 
putorius eae hel a ee 
SEMISiTia tay oe Pee 
zoralla 
vonFritsch, Karl 


Ww 


The language of bees ____ 
wahinkae, Kakimia 
Walchia americana = 
disparunguis 
enrode 


Oreancetes \ 


209 


118, 119 
1 
1 


1 

58, 59, 61 
64, 65, 66 
62, 65 
133 

133 

178, 188 


oF, 
98, 99, 100 
97 
97 


206 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Cheoleg i Somes Ua eae ee 1 
lewthawaitei —_ 1 
morobensis 2.22 1 
DINU yee ee ee ] 
TUSCAN ea Ve A 1 
turmalis _ pede gh ee n| 
Walford, Lionel A. 
Sardines; It’s the Maine 
sardine (color film)_._. x 
wehrlei, Plethodon —_____.. Bh 136, 140 
welleri, Plethodon ~_..____.. 136, 138, 139 
Wendt, Lorina 
Note on the observation 
of crossbills at Leba- 
non, Virginia 1x 
Wetmore, Alexander 
An Additional Form of 
the South American 
Grasshopper Sparrow -.. 161-162 
Wetmore, Alexander and 
Peters, James L. 
Remarks on the Genus 
Ochetorhynchus Meyen 97-100 


wilderae, Eurycea bislineata . 
89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 96 


x 
xanthogenys, Atlapetes 


brunnei-nucha Reeteapie 120, 121 
xanthornis, Myospiza 
humeralis ieee Sd 162 
Xiphorhynchus guttatus 
costanicensis)- ee 114 
demonstratus — 113, 114 
d’orbignyanus —_._ 114 


eytoni -__ escent 114 


guttatoides 114 
guttatus! 2s 114 
Jardineia) 2c Re 113, 114 
margaritae = 113, 114 
marginatus 114 

MANUS) pet eee at 114 
polystictus 114 
rosenbergi ___........__ 114 
susutrans ._..........- 113, 114 

Se 
yairi, Troglodytes rufulus___ 118, 119 
yagasogae, Macrosiphum __. 55 
yamamura, Oriolus chinensis 157 
Z 

Zinania’ butlen) 222 aes 84, 85, 86 
rabrilata ch oe 84, 85, 86 
urbana) eee eee 85 
zoralla, Viverra 22 2 13, 14 
Zorilla lancasteri —...- 14 
mapurito albescens _... 14 
elgonis) 220 eae 14 
erythreae ) 2 ees 14 
intermedius ............... Bs 14 
limpopoensis —..-.._. 14 
maximus 2202 14 
ODSCUFALIS) 2 14 
senegalensis —... 14 

shoaées. Se awe ree 14 
shortridgei —. 14 
Sudanictis) 22s 14 
zorilla, Mephitis — s 15 
Mustela 2220502 i. ee 14 


zyga, Sigmoria = Re 


~~ 


208 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Bay i 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


Biological Society of Washington 


VOLUME 63 
1950 


\ 
ae 


WASHINGTON 
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 


<EONIAN INST/ Ty "Gy 


COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS 


HERBERT FRIEDMANN, Chairman 
REMINGTON KELLOGG K. P. KILLIP J. 8. WADE 


PUBLICATION NOTE 


By a change in the By-Laws of the Biological Society of Washington, 
effective March 27, 1926, the fiscal-year now begins in May, and the 
officers will henceforth hold office from May to May. This, however, will 
make no change in the volumes of the Proceedings, which will continue 
to coincide with the calendar year. In order to furnish desired infor- 
mation, the title page of the current volume and the list of newly elected 
officers and committees will hereafter be published soon after the annual 
election in May. 

All correspondence should be addressed to the Biological Society of 
Washington, c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 


MONUMENTAL PRINTING Co. 
BALTIMORE, MD. 


OFFICERS AND COUNCIL 
OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHNGTON 
(FOR 1950-1951) 


(ELECTED MAY 13, 1950) 


OFFICERS 


President 
FREDERICK C. LINCOLN 


Vice-Presidents 
(In the order of election) 
W. A. DAYTON HUGH T. O’NEIL 
H. G. DEIGNAN MALCOLM DAVIS 
Recording Secretary 
S. F. BLAKE 


Corresponding Secretary 
HARALD A, REHDER 


Treasurer 
ALLEN J. DUVALL 


Custodian of Publications 
DAVID H. JOHNSON 


COUNCIL 
— Elected Members 
H, A. BORTHWICK L. W. SWIFT 
H. J. DEASON W. H. STICKEL 
DAVID H. JOHNSON 
Ex-Presidents 
J. W. ALDRICH H. C. OBERHOLSER 
PAUL BARTSCH T. 8. PALMER 
C. E. CHAMBLISS S. A. ROHWER 
A. D. HOPKINS J.S. WADE 
H. B. HUMPHREY EK. P. WALKER 
H. H. T. JACKSON A. WETMORE 


STANDING COMMITTEES—1950-1951 


Committee on Communications 
R. M. GILMORE, Chairman 
Hue T. O’NeEm LiLoyp W. Swirt 


Committee on Zoological Nomenclature 
A. WETMORE, Chairman 
PAuL BARTSCH H. H. T. Jackson 
C. F. W. MuESEBECK 


Committee on Publications 
H. G. DEIGNAN, Acting Chairman 
REMINGTON KELLOGG E. P. Ki2ie J. S. WADE 


Trustees of Permanent Funds 
J. E. Grar, Chairman 
H. B. HUMPHREY 8. F. BLAKE 


BEC 2 9 1980 


EX-PRESIDENTS 
| OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


*THEODORE N. Gru, 1881, 1882 
*CuarLes A. WHITE, 1883, 1884 
*G. Brown Goopz, 1885, 1886 
*Wiuiiam H. Dan, 1887, 1888 
“Lester F. Warp, 1889, 1890 
*C. Hart Merriam, 1891, 1892 
*C. V. Riwey, 1893, 1894 
*Gro. M. STERNBERG, 1895, 1896 
*L. O. Howarp, 1897, 1898 
*FRepERICK V. CoviLuz, 1899, 1900 
*F. A. Lucas, 1901, 1902 
*B. W. EverMANnN, 1903, 1904 
*F. H. Know ton, 1905, 1906 
*L. STEJNEGER, 1907, 1908 
T. S. Parmer, 1909, 1910 
*Davip Waits, 1911 
*K. W. Newson, 1912, 1913 
Pavut Bartscu, 1914, 1915 
*W. P. Hay, 1916, 1917 
*J. N. Rose, 1918 
*Hucu M. Smiru, 1919 
A. D. Hopkins, 1920 
*N. Houister, 1921 
*VERNON BaiLey, 1922 
*A. 8. Hircucock, 1923 
*J. W. GipLey, 1924 
S. A. Rouwer, 1925 
H. C. OBERHOLSER, 1926-1927 
*H. A. Gotpman, 1927-1929 
ALEXANDER Wetmore, 1929-1931 
H. H. T. Jackson, 1931-1933 
C. E. Coameuiss, 1933-1936 
*H. C. Fuuer, 1936-1938 
*W. B. Bett, 1938-1940 
EK. P. WALKER, 1940-1942 
H. B. Humpurey, 1942-1944 
*I’. THONE, 1944-1946 
J. S. Wang, 1946-1947 
J. W. Aupricy, 1947-1949 


*Deceased. 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 


Oiieers and Committees for 1950.2 
Peecceie sie das en 
A New Jumping Mouse (Genus Zapus) from Kansas, by 
E. Lendell Cockrum and Rollin H. Baker-__.- 
Critical Notes on the Cotingas, by W. E. Clyde Todd....... 
A New Cave Spider from North Carolina, by Sherman C. 
eran pa SOs hd 8s Preeti ads a el ta o 
A New Tree Squirrel from Central Utah, by Ross Hardy... 
Descriptions of Western Colorado Aphididae, by F. C. 
EYP ATES Se alba OE ES AA Sr ee 
Hirstionyssus obsoletus, A New Mesostigmatic Mite from 
Small Mammals of the Western United States (Acarina), 
ag lee el catirerigea diel roy) oo es 
Descriptions of Some Aphididae from Carex, by F. C. 
Pin cease Cae ce Se ald 8 
Three New Subspecies of Birds from Venezuela, by Wil- 
liam H. Phelps and William H. Phelps, Jr... 
Another Neotenic Eurycea from the Edwards Plateau, by 
W. Leslie Burger, Hobart M. Smith and Floyd E. Potter, 
TEED EE Res GE eget, 2 i an Oe Sen RE A 
A New Race of the Species, Amazilia beryllina, from South- 
ern Mexico, by Robert T. Moore_____________»_____ 
An Additional Form of Pepper-shrike from Western Pana- 
mduby Alexander Wetmore. 
A New Subspecies of Snowshoe Rabbit from Wyoming, ad 
Rollin H. Baker and Robert M. Hankins__.__.-_____.. zs 
A List of Maryland Mammals (Part I. Marsupials and In- 
Sectivores), by Marshall C. Gardner... =-_ 
’ Systematic Notes on Some Central American Millipeds, by 
Rprebneorer lsc --eteenrincn sth 
Two New Gobies from the Philippines With Notes on a 
Third Rare Goby, by Albert W. C. T. Herre... 
New Species of Solitary Vespidae from North America 
(Hymenoptera, Vespidae), by Richard M. Bohart_. 
Two Apparently New Oven-Birds from Colombia, by W. 
Bee ote bed 2a is oi ey Se SN a ee x 


lil 
1x 


14 
5-8 


9-12 
13-14 


15-30 


31-34 
30-42 


43-50 


51-58 
59-60 
61-62 
63-64 
65-68 
69-72 
73-76 
77-84 


85-88 
(v) 


APR 131951 


vi Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarellus from Texas 


(Decapoda, Astacidae), by Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. 89-96 
New Species of Aphididae, by F. C. Hottes_._________ 97-100 
New Birds from Nepal and the Indian Region, by S. Dil- 

lon Ripley eee se ee es 101-108 
A New Race of Melanerpes chrysogenys from Central Méx- 

ico, by. Robert)". Moore. ee 109-110 
A List of Maryland Mammals = II. Bats), by Marshall 

Cie reader Lalas 8 2 ee tee 111-114 
Seven New Subspecies of Venezuelan Birds, by William H. 

Phelps and: William, ‘Phelps, Jt... 23), ee ee 115-126 
A New Agamid Lizard (Agama kirkii fitzsimonsi) from 

Southern Rhodesia, by Arthur Loveridge_....._..---- 127-130 
New Frogs of the Genera Cyclorana and Hyla from South- 

eastern Australia, by Arthur Loveridge_.__..._.-- 131-138 


A New Hoplothrips from Cuba, by J. Douglas Hood... 139-146 
Some Diplopods from Puerto Rico, by Ralph V. Chamber- 


cf ae nace eesererine ew Ptanel nay NUNS RW ARE TS Ilan) <li! 
Some Chilopods from Puerto Rico, by Ralph V. Chamber- 
iarigh eR es ee 155-162 


New Records of Neotropical Gentianaceae, by Joseph Ewan 163-166 


Descriptions of Two Subspecies of Harvest Mice (Genus 
Reithrodontomys) from Mexico, by Emmet T. Hooper. 167-170 


Additional Forms of Birds from the Republics of Panama 


and Colombia, by Alexander Wetmore... 171-174 
A New Varicorhinus from Lake Tanganyika, by J. T. Nich- 

ols*and 2}. “Ny ueontek 0 eee ee 175-176 
Three New Species of Saldidae (Hamiptera), by C. J. 

Drake and iC | vttes ae a ee eee 177-184 


The Status of the Milliped Chelodesmus marxi Cook, and 
of the Family Name Chelodesmidae, by Richard L. Hoff- 
wey 60 SONS EN See en Fo Ley A AO re 185-188 


New Philippine Fruit Bats, by Colin Campbell Sanbord.__ 189-190 


A New Race of Swainson’s Warbler from the Appalachian 
Mountains, by Brooke Meanley and Gorman M. Bond. 191-194 


North American Additions to the Genus Pterocheilus (Hy- 


menoptera, Vespidae), by Richard M. Bohart..... 195-202 
A New Cacomistle from Southeastern California, by Ken- 
meth, Fis SSCA er soe ec ee hag ee ee _ 203-204 


A New Tyroglyphid Mite from Puerto Rico, by Irving Fox 205-208 


Contents Vi 


The Committee on Publications declares that each paper of this 
volume was distributed on the date indicated on its initial page. 
The contents, minutes of meetings, and index for 1950 (pp. v-xi, 
209-218) were issued on April 13, 1951. The title page and lists 
of officers and committees for 1949-1950 (pp. i-iv) were issued on 
December 29, 1950. 


PLATES 


Plate I, page 2. Skull of Zapus hudsonius pallidus. 

Plate II, page 11. New Cave Spider from North Carolina. 
Plate III, page 34. Hirstionyssus obsoletus. 

Plate IV, page 48. Map of Venezuela. 

Plate V, page 55. Posterior basibranchials of Hurycea. 
Plate VI, page 56. Presacral ribs of Eurycea. 

Plate VII, page 57. Hyobranchium of Eurycea pterophila. 
Plate VIII, page 94. Cambarellus ninae. 

Plate IX, page 125. Map of Venezuelan localities. 

Plate X, page 144. Holothrips bradleyi. 

Plate XI, page 153. Diplopods from Puerto Rico. 

Plate XII, page 181. Three New Species of Saldidae. 
Plate XIII, page 188. Eurydesmus marxi. 

Plate XIV, page 208. Suidasia insetcorum. 


vill Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


PROCEEDINGS 


The Society meets from October to May on the second Sat- 
urday of each month at 8 P.M. All meetings in 1950 were 
held in Room 43 of the U. S. National Museum. 


987th Meeting—January 14, 1950 


President Lincoln in the chair; 40 persons present. 

New members elected: Thomas W. Donnelly, Frederic R. 
Scott. 

Informal Commumeations: S. F. Blake, Report of finding 
three clumps of Solidago juncea in flower in Arlington Va., 
that day ; Lorina Wendt, Report on observation of Snowy Owl 
near the Interior Department building. 

Formal Communication: Thaddeus E. Jones, Antarctic 
travelogue. 


988th Meeting—February 11, 1950 


Informal Communications: F. C. Lincoln, Exhibition of 
newspaper picture of a ‘‘sea monster,’’ probably a whale, that 
had come ashore in Egypt; 8. F. Blake, Report of observation 
of about 50 Red-winged Blackbirds in Alexandria that day, 
including one female. 

Formal Commumcations: Merle A. Gee, Big game manage- 
ment on the North Kaibab; U.S. Forest Service, Every man’s 
empire (moving picture). 


989th Meeting—March 11, 1950 


Ex-president Aldrich in the chair; 60 persons present. 

New member elected: Arthur B. Mickey. 

Formal Communications: Malcolm Davis and John Mc- 
Cabe, Exhibition of a live Snowy Owl; C. R. Eklund, Wild- 
life of the Ungava Peninsula. 


(ix) 


x Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


990th Meeting—April 8, 1950 


President Lincoln in the chair; 41 persons present. 

The President announced that 8. F. Blake had been ap- 
pointed delegate of the Society to the Seventh International 
Botanical Congress to be held at Stockholm in July. 

The President announced that the Society had accepted Dr. 
Paul Bartsch’s invitation to hold a field meeting at his estate 
Lebanon, on Gunston Cove, on April 30. 

New members elected: Philip A. Klein, Edward A. Sane 
mons. 

Informal Communication: 8. F. Blake, Report of the voice 
of the Snowy Owl as described by various observers. 

Formal Communication: Albert C. Smith, A botanist in 
Fiji. 

991st Meeting—May 13, 1950 
71ST ANNUAL MEETING 


President Lincoln in the chair; 40 persons present. 

New member elected: R. C. Ballard. 

The reports of the Recording Secretary, Corresponding 
Secretary, and Treasurer were presented. 

The deaths of Oakes Ames, G. L. Eadie, L. O. Howard, 
Henry Pittier, and Frank Thone were reported. 

The following officers and members of council were elected: 
President, F. C. Lincoln; Vice Presidents, W. A. Dayton, H.. 
G. Deignan, Hugh O’Neill, Malcolm Davis; Recording Secre- 
tary, S. F. Blake; Corresponding Secretary, H. A. Rehder; 
Treasurer, A. J. Duvall; Members of Council, H. A. Borth- 
wick, H. J. Deason, L. W. Swift, W. H. Stickel and D. H. 
Johnson. 

The business meeting was followed by an open meeting, at 
which two colored motion picture films on ‘‘ Alaska wildlife,’’ 
prepared by the Fish and Wildlife Service, were shown. 


992d Meeting—October 14, 1950 


President Lincoln in the chair; 45 persons present. 

New members elected: Earl L. Atwood, Stillman Wright. 

The death of H. 8S. Barber was noted. 

Informal Communication: F.C. Lincoln, Report of attend- 
ance at Tenth International Ornithological Congress. 

Formal Communication: Raymond M. Gilmore, Whaling on 
the west coast. 


Proceedings xl 


993d Meeting—November 11, 1950 


President Lincoln in the chair; 39 persons present. 

New members elected: Wm. E. Benyon, Faxon W. Cook, 
Albert M. Day, Tobias Lasser, Alden H. Miller, Javier Oritz 
de la Puente, Ralph Russell, Robert J. Russell, Jr. 

Informal Communication: F. C. Lincoln, Report on confer- 
ence on Alaska recently held in Washington. 

Formal Communication: R. Tucker Abbott, Giant African 
snails. 


994th Meeting—December 9, 1950 


President Lincoln in the chair; 40 persons present. 

Informal Communication: 8. F. Blake, Exhibition of speci- 
mens of Wolffia papulifera from Texas, and Wolffiella flori- 
dana and Lemna minor from Kenilworth Aquatic Gardens. 

Formal Commumcation: Clarence Cottam, The National 
Wildlife Refuges. 


f MAY 2- 1950 


Vol. 63, pp. 1-4 uF Ty o April 26, 1950 


aN 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW JUMPING MOUSE (GENUS ZAPUS) 
FROM KANSAS 


ee 


PO 
By E. LENDELL COCKRUM AND ROLLIN H. BAKER 
Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 


In the course of study of the kinds of mammals known 
from Kansas, a series of nine specimens of Zapus hudsonius 
was acquired in April and May, 1948. In comparing these 
with topotypes of Z. h. campestris Preble, to which subspecies 
the jumping mouse of Kansas has been previously referred, 
it was evident that the specimens from Kansas were sub- 
specifically distinct. Further investigation showed that these 
specimens from Kansas could not be allocated to any named 
kind. Therefore the following name and description are 
given for this heretofore unrecognized mammal. 


Zapus hudsonius pallidus, new subspecies 


Type.—Male, adult, skin, skull and body skeleton; no. 22953, Univ. 
Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist.; NW corner sect. 4, T12S, R20E, 54% mi. N, 
1%, mi. E Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas; 4 May 1948; obtained by 
E. Lendell Cockrum and Rollin H. Baker, original no. 916 of Cockrum. 

Range.—That part of the Great Plains comprising southern South 
Dakota, probably southwestern Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas and northern 
Oklahoma; eastward to central Missouri. 

Diagnosis.—Size small (see measurements); sides near Cinnamon- 
Buff (capitalized color terms after Ridgway, Color Standards and Color 
Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912), sparsely mixed with black 
hairs except for narrow band of pure color at margins of belly; broad, 
middorsal stripe from nose to base of tail blackish, sparsely mixed with 
hairs of near Cinnamon-Buff color; lateral margins of nasals not con- 
stricted posteriorly; posterior margin of hard palate even with, or 
posterior to, line connecting posterior edges of third upper molars; 
interorbital region wide and palatal bridge long; length of molariform 
tooth-row and mastoid breadth small. 

Comparisons—Among named subspecies of Zapus hudsonius, Z. h. 
pallidus most closely resembles Z. h. campestris and Z. h. rafinesquei Bole 
and Moulthrop. From topotypes of Z. h. campestris from Crook County, 
Wyoming, Z. h. pallidus, differs as follows: Averaging smaller in all 
measurements taken except in least interorbital constriction and length 
of palatal bridge, which are larger, and breadth of zygomatic arch, 
which is same; color of sides lighter, more buff and less black; buff 
color richer, more orange and less yellow; middorsal stripe lighter and 


1—Proc. Brom. Soo. WASH., Vow. 63, 1950 (1) 


APR 2 8 1950 


2 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


less distinct; zygomatic arch heavier; lateral margins of incisive 
foramina broadly concave as opposed to moderately concave; dorsal 
process of maxillary arm of zygoma less expanded laterally; arch 
formed by maxillary arm of zygoma and molariform tooth-row more 
expanded (broader); cranium at junction with squamosal arm of 
zygoma more inflated; interparietal bone narrower (anteroposteriorly), 
and not extending laterally to junction of parietal, squamosal and 
supraoccipital; post parietal region of cranium more rounded, less 
iattened, posteriorly. 


Figure I. Three views of the skull of the type specimen of Zapus 
hudsonius pallidus. UKMNH no. 22953, 9. X 2. 


From specimens of Z. h. hudsonius (Zimmerman) from Sherburne 
County, Minnesota, Z. h. pallidus differs as follows: Averaging smaller 
in measurements of total length, length of tail, length of hind foot and 
length of upper molariform tooth-row and larger in zygomatic breadth, 
interorbital constriction and length of nasals; color lighter (but less 
so than as in comparion with Z. h. campestris) ; zygomatic arch lighter; 
posterior margin of hard palate even with or posterior (instead of 
anterior) to line connecting posterior margins of third upper molars; 
lateral margins of nasals not markedly constricted posteriorly; lateral 
margins of incisive foramina broadly concave as opposed to moderately 
concave; arch formed by maxillary arm of zygoma and molariform tooth- 
row more expanded (broader). 

From specimens of Z. h. rafinesquei from Posey County, Indiana, 
Z. h. pallidus differs as follows: Averaging larger in measurements of 
greatest length of skull, least interorbital constriction, length of palatal 
bridge, length of nasals and height of skull; color lighter, with distinet 
middorsal stripe which is lacking in specimens of Z. h. rafinesquei 
examined; zygomatic arch relatively lighter; posterior margin of hard 
palate even with or posterior (as opposed to slightly anterior) to line 
connecting posterior margins of third upper molars; basioccipital longer 
and narrower; lateral margins of nasals not markedly constricted 
posteriorly. 

Remarks.—Zapus hudsonius pallidus, on the basis of eight specimens 
from the type locality, agrees most closely in size with Z. h. rafinesquet 
and in color with Z. h. campestris; there is less resemblance between 


Cockrum and Baker—A New Jumping Mouse 3 


Z. h. pallidus and Z. h. hudsonius. Z. h. pallidus is definitely smaller 
both in external and cranial measurements than either Z. h. campestris or 
Z. h. hudsonius, and closely approximates Z. h. rafinesquei in these 
respects except as noted in the comparisons. As regards color, apparently 
a gradation exists from the darker Z. h. hudsonius through the lighter 
Z. h. campestris to the lightest Z. h. pallidus. 


Three specimens available from Nebraska are typically Z. h. pallidus. 
One specimen from southwestern South Dakota (Bennett County) is 
referred to Z. h. pallidus but shows evidence of intergradation with 
Z. h. campestris in the shape of the nasals and the incisive foramina. 
Two specimens from northeastern South Dakota (Day County) show 
evidence of intergradation between Z. h. campestris, Z. h. hudsonius 
and Z. h. pallidus in the structure of the nasals, interparietal, posterior 
margin of the hard palate, in the shape of the incisive foramina and 
in external measurements. These specimens are here referred to Z. h. 
hudsonius. Specimens from North Dakota show no relationship to 
Z. h. pallidus; our examination indicates that these are referable to 
Z. h. hudsonius but show some characteristics of Z. h. campestris. In 
so far as South Dakota is concerned, Z. h. campestris apparently is 
restricted to the Black Hills and adjacent areas. Specimens examined 
from northwestern Iowa are referred to Z. h. hudsonius but show 
evidence of intergradation with Z. h. pallidus in the shape of the 
incisive foramina and the nasal bones, in the breadth of the least inter- 
orbital constriction and in the length of the upper molariform tooth- 
row. Two specimens examined from Cole County, in central Missouri, 
are referable to Z. h. pallidus, and show no characters of intergradation 
with the more eastern Z. h. rafinesquei. Two specimens from southern 
Illinois (Perry County) are referred to Z. h. rafinesquei but show 
evidence of intergradation with Z. h. pallidus in the color of the pelage 
and the breadth of the least interorbital constriction. In other respects 
they resemble specimens of Z. kh. rafinesquei. 


In Zapus, wear on the upper molariform tooth-row begins on the 
third molar and proceeds forward with the first molar receiving wear 
last. Specimens were judged to ke adults when the third molar showed 
definite wear, that is, when the cusps were mostly or totally worn down. 
This degree of tooth wear was found to be correlated with adult pelage. 
In our specimens at least, wear on the third molar was correlated also 
with sexual maturity in females of Z. h. campestris; those in late preg- 
nancy show wear on the third molars, and some of these pregnant females 
show wear on no other teeth. All of these females, however, had adult 
pelage and all were obtained in Crook County, Wyoming, in July, 1947. 


Prior to 1948, fewer than ten specimens of Zapus hudsonius were 
known from Kansas, although considerable collecting had been done in 
the state in the past 70 years by personnel of the University of Kansas 
Museum of Natural History as well as by personnel of the Bureau of 
Biological Survey (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service) and other institu- 
tions. Although of apparent widespread distribution within the state, 
Zapus hudsonius may be one of the rarest of small mammals in Kansas 
and, certainly, is one of the least known. Probably it is found prin- 
cipally in relatively undisturbed marginal situations between grasslands 
and woodlands, especially in the more humid parts of eastern Kansas. 
Blair (Amer. Midl. Nat., 22, no. 1, 1939, p. 127) suggests that the 


4 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


distribution of this species in northeastern Oklahoma follows the 
stream systems, Swenk (Nebr. Acad. Sci., 8, no. 3, 1907, p. 111) reports 
that the animal occurs in wooded areas in Nebraska. Eight specimens 
taken in April and May, 1948, in Douglas County, Kansas, from which 
the type of Z. h. pallidus has been selected, were obtained on a grassy 
slope along the side of a brushy drainage course. The grassy area, 
approximately 214 acres in size, was covered with a thick stand of 
undisturbed blue stem grass and was surrounded on three sides by grazed 
woodlands. Now included in the University of Kansas Natural History 
Reservation, this area will be preserved as a natural area for ecologic 
study. 

Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of four adult 
males and four adult females of Z. h. pallidus from the type locality 
are, respectively, as follows: Total length, 199.2 (193-204), 189.5 (178- 
197); length of tail, 114.5 (107-121), 113.2 (106-119); length of hind 
foot, 28 (28-28), 27.2 (26-29); length of ear, 12.5 (11-14), 13.8 (18- 
15); weight, 17.0 (15.2-20.0), 14.4 (11.7-16.2); greatest length of skull, 
22.4 (22.1-22.7), 21.6 (21.0-22.6); zygomatic breadth, 11.5 (10.9-11.8), 
10.9 (10.5-11.1); mastoid breadth, 9.7 (9.5-10.0), 9.5 (9.1-9.7); least 
interorbital constriction, 4.3 (4.1-4.6), 4.4 (3.9-4.8); length of palatal 
bridge, 3.4 (3.3-3.5), 3.3 (3.2-3.4) ; alveolar length of upper molariform 
tooth-row, 3.4 (3.2-3.5), 3.2 (3.0-3.6); greatest height of skull, 9.2 
(9.0-9.8), 8.6 (8.4-8.7) ; length of nasals, 8.5 (8.2-8.7), 8.2 (7.9-8.4). All 
of the measurements listed above are available for each of the eight 
specimens included xcs that the weight for one male and one female 
was not taken. 

Specimens examined.—Total, 20 distributed by localities of capture 
as follows and unless otherwise stated in the University of Kansas 
Museum of Natural History: 

South Dakota:—Bennett County: Batesland, 1 (Chicago Natural 
History Museum). 

Nebraska:—[Buffalo County]: Platte Meadows, Kearney, 1 (Hastings 
Museum, Hastings, Neb.) ; Thomas-Blaine Counties line: Dismal River, 
1 (Nebraska Game, Forestation and Parks Commission); Richardson 
County: 5 mi. SE Rulo, 1 (Nebraska Game, Forestation and Parks Com- 
mission). 

Kansas:—Brown County: Horton, 1; Douglas County: NW corner 
sect. 4, T12S, R20E, 54% mi. N, 1% mi. E Lawrence, 8; sect. 8, T128, 
R20E, 4 mi. N, 15% mi. E Lawrence, 1; Lakeview, 2; 74% mi. SW 
Lawrence, 2. 

Missouri:—Cole County: Jefferson City, 2 (Univ. of Missouri Museum 
of Zoology). 

Other records of occurrence (probably representative of Z. h. pallidus) : 
—Oklahoma:—Tulsa County : Mohawk Park, 2 (Blair, Amer. Midl. Nat., 
22. no,..101 929, wp, 127). 

The authors are indebted to the are notitties of the following institutions 
for making available material used in this study: United States National 
Museum and. Biological Surveys Collection; Chicago Natural History 
Museum; Chicago Academy of Sciences; Cleveland Museum of Natural 
History; Iowa State College; Ohio State University; Hastings Museum, 
Hastings, Nebraska; Nebraska Game, Forestation and Parks Commis- 
sion, Lincoln, Nebraska; University of Missouri, Museum of Zoology. 


MAY 2 - 1950 


MWA Ty 0 | cuw 
Vol. 63, pp. 5-8 NAL MUS 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


April 26, 1950 


CRITICAL NOTES ON THE COTINGAS. 
By W. E. CuyprE Topp 


Having recently completed a critical study of the Cotingas 
(Family Cotingidae) in the collection of the Carnegie 
Museum, I wish to place on record some of the more interest- 
ing and important results, We have 1979 pecimens of this 
family, representing 104 species and subspecies. Many of 
these are in good series. Four geographical races appear to 
be new, and are described herewith, but for one of these a 
name is already available. I may repeat here my conviction 
that Attila is not properly a member of this family, despite 
its tarsal characters. 

My acknowledgments are due to Dr. John T. Zimmer of 
the American Museum of Natural History for the loan of 
certain comparative material. 


Cotinga cayana cayennensis (D’Orbigny) 


Dr. Herbert Friedmann (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 97, 1948, 484) has 
recently commented on the range in size shown in the series examined 
by Dr. Zimmer and himself. He says nothing about any color-differ- 
ences, however. We have a series of twenty-five specimens from the Rio 
Purts (Nova Olinda and Arima), also one bird from Caviana (opposite 
Manacapuri on the Amazon). The males of this series are distinctly 
deeper, purer blue as compared with French Guiana and lower Amazon 
birds (thirty specimens), from which they are obviously racially dis- 
tinct. The color of the underparts (viewed from the side) is between 
light cerulean blue and cerulean blue of Ridgeway, as compared with 
the Bremen blue of the typical form. They are doubtless entitled to the 
name cayennensis, proposed by D’Orbigny (Voy. Am. Merid., Oiseaux, 
1839, 297) for the bird of Yuracares, Bolivia, as an emendation of 
cayana, but available despite its close resemblance. Females of the two 
races are not certainly distinguishable. 


Pipreola formosa dilutior, subsp. nov. 


Type, No. 36,443, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Lagunita 
de Aroa, Venezuela, December 28, 1910; M. A. Carriker, Jr. 

Subspecific characters—Similar to Pipreola formosa formosa of the 
Caracas region of Venezuela, but males with the orange shading on the 
throat less extensive and less intense. 

Range.—North coastal mountains of Venezuela (Subtropical Zone), 
in the states of Carabobo and Lara. 


2—Proc. Bion. Soo. WASH., VoL. 63, 1950 (5) 


APR 2 8 1959 


6 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


RKemarks.—Nine adult males in our collection from Cumbre de Va- 
lencia and Lagunita de Aroa differ constantly from four adult males 
from El Limon and Santa Lucia in the reduced orange area on the 
breast. Presumably the latter represent typical formosa, since they 
come from points respectively west and south of the type-locality 
(Caracas). When Hellmayr discussed this species (Arch. f. Naturg., 
78, A, pt. 5, 1912, 93) he had only birds from Cumbre de Valencia, 
which prove upon comparison to be appreciably different from the 
nominate race. Females of the two races, however, are indistinguishable, 
although both are easily different from rubidior. 


Iodopleura isabellae paraensis, subsp. nov. 


Type, No. 69,740, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Benevides, 
Para, Brazil, October 14, 1918; Samuel M. Klages. 

Subspecific characters.—Similar to Iodopleura isabellae isabellae Par- 
_ zudaki of western Brazil, eastern Peru to eastern Colombia, ete., but 
underparts with less mesial white, and the sides and flanks with more 
brownish white barring and mottling, giving a decidedly duller effect. 

Kange.—Lower Amazon Valley of Brazil. 

Remarks.—Five specimens from Benevides (near Para) differ from 
seven specimens from Arima (Rio Purtis) and Tonantins as aforesaid. 
Parzudaki’s bird came from the Rio Negro, ‘‘ Venezuela.’’ Dr. Zimmer 
has sent me a pair of this species from opposite Tahuapunto, Rio Uapés, 
Colombia, which comes as near the type-loecality as we can get, and it 
is fair to presume that these correctly represent isabellae. They agree 
well with our skins from the Rio Purts and the upper Amazon. The 
white mesial streak on the underparts is comparatively broad; the sides 
and flanks are decidedly blackish, with little brownish mottling. In the 
Benevides specimens, on the other hand, the white mesial streak is much 
less distinct, and wholly or partly interrupted on the breast by the 
encroachment of dark color; the sides and flanks are distinctly mottled 
or barred with brownish white. : 


Pseudattila phoenicurus (von Pelzeln) 


A female specimen of this generically distinct form was taken by Mr. 
Samuel M. Klages at Arima, Rio Puris, on September 30, 1922. 


Rhytipterna simplex frederici (Bangs and Penard) 


Considerable variation in color is in evidence in our series of seventy- 
three specimens from Bolivia, Brazil, and French Guiana. Some 
examples are darker, more grayish; others are paler, with a yellowish 
cast. Immaturity is indicated by rusty edgings on the wings and tail. 

The distinctions claimed by Dr. Zimmer (Am. Mus. Nov. 893, 1936, 11) 
for his proposed race intermedia from south of the Amazon I am unable 
to verify in this series, although I have not seen true simplex. I can 
discover no constant differences between specimens from opposite banks 
of the river. Messrs. Grisecom and Greenway (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 
88, 1941, 258) also disagree with Dr. Zimmer’s conclusions, but they 
go on to point out that ‘‘12 specimens before us from the Rio Purts 
and Rio Solimoés appear instantly separable from Lower Amazon birds 
in being darker below.’’ But the difference is actually very slight, and 
far from constant, and I agree that no formal separation is advisable. 


Todd—Critical Notes on the Cotingas 7 


Lipaugus cineraceus dispar, subsp. nov. 


Type, No. 50,887, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Buena 
Vista, Bolivia, September 23, 1914, José Steinbach. 

Subspecific characters—Similar to Lipaugus cineraceus cineraceus 
(Vieillot) of the Guianas, southern Venezuela, Brazil, ete., but decidedly 
larger. Wing (three males), 136, 136, 141 mm.; tail, 115, 118, 115 mm. 

Range.—Bolivia. 

Remarks.—This new race is based solely upon relative size, as com- 
pared with a large series from other parts of the species’ range. 
Hellmayr (Field Mus. Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, 1929, 159) argues that a 
southern race cannot be recognized, while at the same time he admits that 
a series from the Yungas of Cochabamba in Bolivia probably represents 
a different race. Count Gyldenstolpe (K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., 
22, No. 3, 1945, 210-211) gives measurements of the series at his com- 
mand; they fully confirm Hellmayr’s conclusions. His birds from the 
lower Rio Beni in Bolivia, however, are no larger than Brazilian birds. 


Pachyramphus polychopterus tristis (Kaup) 


To this race I would refer our series of 118 specimens from various 
localities in Venezuela, Trinidad, French Guiana, and Brazil. These 
I have re-examined after a study of Dr. Zimmer’s (Am. Mus. Novy. 894, 
1936, 12-15) and Count Gyldenstolpe’s (K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., 
22, No. 3, 1945, 211-214) remarks. Our series does not justify the con- 
tention of these authors that the Rio Tapajéz bird is true polychopterus, 
and I thus agree with Hellmayr’s original identification. There is reason 
to believe that light-colored males are younger birds; they probably 
grow blacker with age. 


Pachyramphus polychopterus similis Cherrie 


Mr. J. L. Peters (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, 1929, 454) considers 
this race identical with cinereiventris of northern Colombia. Males are 
not noticeably different, but females of similis (ten) from Costa Rica 
are certainly darker-colored than Colombian females (ten); the wing- 
and tail-edgings tend to be rusty rather than buffy. On this ground 
I think that similis should be reinstated. The case has been discussed 
also by Messrs. Aldrich and Bole (Sci. Pub. Cleveland Mus., 7, 1937, 
91), but inconeclusively. 


> fast 


i 


nae 5 Saemeaiaues 
tts aaah,» Iain 


eva a 
eth ef oe fr’ is Pee ACL re 


es MRS A Ue ee ae AINE AS 


. ws e 
sie he 


oy Phe ea 


‘ 
. 
or. 
’ 
i 
Mi 
aa | 


at Gy 


MAY 2 = 1950 


Vol. 63, pp. 9-12 NA TONAL wysed™ April 26, 1950 


Py 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW CAVE SPIDER FROM NORTH CAROLINA 
By SHERMAN C. BisHop* 


The genus Ivesia was etablished by Petrunkevitch (Ann. 
Ent. Soe. Amer. 18: 320, 1925) for a new species, I. tennes- 
seensis, collected in Indian Cave, Tenn., by J. D. Ives. Ivesia 
was regarded by its author as belonging to the family Theridii- 
dae and related to the genus Theridionexus. As one of its 
structural peculiarities it was reported as possessing only six 
eyes but subsequent examination of the type, and additional 
specimens, by W. J. Gertsch, has shown the anterior median 
eyes to be present although much reduced. Ivesia is now 
regarded as belonging to the family Nesticidae and is related 
to, but amply distinguished from Nesticus, by the character 
of the bulb of the palpus and by the development of the 
eymbium, the basal, lateral extension of which is produced 
into a large trifid apophysis, 

The new species of Ivesia described below was taken in Linville Cave, 
near Linville Falls, N. C., by the writer, who was accompanied on a 
collecting trip to the Great Smoky mountains, in April 1947, by Dr. B. I. 


Brown, Dr. and Mrs. Julius Ashkin and Mr. Walter C. Brown, all of the 
University of Rochester. 


Ivesia carolinensis n. sp. 
(Figs. 1-4) 


Male. Length 4.5 mm. Cephalothorax short, broadly rounded on the 
sides, abruptly narrowed anteriorly opposite the eyes; clypeus wider 
than median ocular area, slanting downward and forward; median area 
of thorax with a depression armed with a cluster of 7 or 8 long brown 
hairs; a few scattered hairs in the eye region, on the clypeus and along 
the margins of the cephalothorax; chelicerae rather long, cylindrical, 
armed sparsely with short, light brown hairs; claw of chelicera sinuous, 
the lower margin of the furrow with a row of minute teeth, the upper 
margin with three brown teeth and a row of 7 or 8 long, light brown 
hairs; eyes eight, in two rows, the anterior row, viewed from in front, 
forming a nearly straight line, the anterior median eyes very small, 
separated from one another by slightly more than the diameter of one 
of them, and from the lateral eyes by about twice as much; posterior 
eyes in a slightly procurved line, the median eyes slightly larger than 
the lateral, separated by about three times the radius of one of them 


* Department of Zoology, University of Rochester. 
8—Proc. Biol. Soo. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (9) 


APR 2 8 1950 


10 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


and from the lateral by about the diameter; all eyes nocturnal and, 
except anterior median, elongate oval in outline; endites of the palpi 
widely separated at base, the distal margins with a sharp ridge and the 
disto-mesal margins truncated and bearing dense scopulae; labium about 
twice as wide as long and with scarcely an indication of a groove 
separating it from the sternum; sternum smooth and shining, strongly 
convex, broadly heart-shaped and produced behind, between the coxae of 
the fourth legs, into a squarely truncated lobe, sternum armed with scat- 
tered long, brown hairs; legs damaged in capture but generally long 
and slender; coxae globose; trochanters short; femora cylindrical, 
slightly tapering distally; patellae short, arched above; tibiae slender; 
metatarsi slender, about as long as tibiae; tarsi about half as long as 
metatarsi; paired claws long, curved and armed at base below with 
series of about 11 slender teeth increasing im size distally; third claw 
smooth, about half as long as others and bent ventrally at the middle 
of its length; all legs armed sparsely with short, light brown hairs and 
many longer, stronger spinelike bristles which increase in size, number 
and length on the distal segments. Femur of palpus moderately long, 
cylindrical; patella short, arched above and bearing dorsally one very 
long and several shorter spines, ratio of length of patella to that of tibia 
as 4 to 15; tibia one and one half as long as patella, strongly swollen 
and armed ventro-laterally with two very long, curved spines and 
numerous smaller ones at the distal margin and distributed around the 
segment; cymbium long and narrow and provided with a basal, lateral 
apophysis which is very large, trough-shaped and armed, on either side 
of trough, with a. strong pointed tooth; distally the apophysis is pro- 
duced into three prongs, the dorsal one long, sinuous and serrated along 
the distal margin; the middle piece thin and broad and squarely trun- 
cated, the ventral part more slender, somewhat twisted and strongly 
serrated distally. Bulb of palpus large with the long, slender, curved 
embolus arising from the ventro-lateral side at base and curving forward 
around the mesal side. 

Color. Cephalothorax and its appendages bright yellow; abdomen 
above dirty white with a suggestion of paired gray spots on dorsum; 
sternum with the margins dusky; venter of abdomen with grayish 
blotches in front of epigastric furrow and spinnerets. 

Female. Length 3.5 mm. Similar to the male in general appearance and 
armature but with the thorax and basal segments of the legs lighter 
yellow; margins of thorax dusky and with faint tinges of dusky behind 
the eyes and in a triangular patch in front of median depression of 
thorax; abdomen globose, marked above, on a dirty white ground color, 
with five or six pairs of large, faint grey spots; epigynum protuberant 
and consisting of three lobes, the center one with paired openings at the 
margin behind. 

Holotype male, allotype female, only known specimens; found clinging 
to wall of cave a short distance from the entrance. 

Type locality. Linville Cave, near Linville Falls, N. C., April 6, 1947. 

Types in author’s collection. 

Invesia carolinensis is obviously closely related to I. tennesseensis Pet. 
(Figs. 5-8) from which it may be distinguished by the form of the 
apophysis of the cymbium of the male and the epigynum of the female. 

The drawings were made by Miss Carolyn Fallon, staff artist, Depart- 
ment of Zoology, University of Rochester. 


PLATE II 


PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL.63 


[11] 


12 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Po a me Se A ae ia? 


N4 


Vol. 63, pp. 13-14 April 26, 1950 


MA 


CREDA 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW TREE SQUIRREL FROM CENTRAL UTAH 


By Ross Harpy 
Los Angeles, Orange Co. State College 


A sufficient number of specimens of the tree squirrel 
(Tamiascvurus) has been collected to reveal the presence of 
a new variety from the southern Wasatch Mountains of Utah. 
This form is annectant between two forms heretofore con- 
sidered species (7. fremonti and T. hudsonicus) but it has 
sufficient characters of its own — enough to make it desirable 
to recognize a new race. Since the name hudsonicus has 
priority, this race, like all others of the fremont: group, 
should be listed as subspecies of hudsonicus. It is proposed 
that this race be known as 


Tamiasciurus hudsonicus wasatchensis, new subspecies 
WASATCH CHICKAREE 


Type.—Male, adult, skin with skull; United States National Museum, 
Fish and Wildlife Service Collection, no. 276,398; from about 10,000 
feet, in spruce-fir area along Skyline Drive east of Mt. Nebo, Juab 
County near Juab — Utah County line, Utah; August 19, 1942; ecol- 
lected by Ross Hardy; original no 2431 (33443X). 

Distribution—Known from the fir and spruce belts of the southern 
Wasatch Plateau of Central Utah, including San Pete and Emery 
Counties as well as the Mt. Nebo area of Utah and Juab Counties. Inter- 
grades northward into T. h. ventorum of the northern Wasatch Mountains. 

Diagnostic characters—Dark tail usually with Pinkish-Cinnamon to 
Ochraceous-Buff tips to hairs; overall color of pelage, especially top of 
head, with much black; body and cranial measurements medium for 
western races of the species. 

Measurements (in mm.): Type: male, total length, 337; tail verte- 
brae, 134; hind foot, 51; ear from notch, 26. Skull: basal length, 41.9; 
palatilar length 22.0; zygomatic breadth, 27.5; cranial breadth 21.5; 
interorbital breadth, 14.9; breadth at postorbital constriction, 14.7; nasal 
length, 16.4; maxillary tooth row, 8.2; diastema, 10.9; width of palate 
between second and third molars, 7.0. 

The average and extreme measurements of 11 males and 8 females 
are, respectively: total length, 328.1 (303-345), 328.1 (324-335); tail, 
128.4 (93-141), 131.9 (126-140); foot, 51.1 (49-53), 51.4 (48-54); ear 
from notch, 27.5 (26-29), 27.1 (25-29). Skull: basal length, 41.4 (40.0- 
42.0), 41.2 (40.5-42.5); palatilar length, 21.3 (20.0-22.0), 22.2 (21.5- 
23.2); zygomatic breadth, 27.4 (25.5-29.1), 26.8 (26.0-27.4); eranial 
breadth, 20.9 (20.2-21.8), 21.1 (20.5-22.0); interorbital breadth, 15.1 


4—Proc. Bion. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (13) 


APR 2 8 1950 


14 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


(14.4-16.1), 15.2 (14.2-15.7); postorbital constriction, 15.3 (14.6-16.5), 
15.1 (14.4-15.7); length of nasals, 15.8 (15.0-16.4), 15.1 (13.4-15.7) ; 
length of maxillary tooth row, 8.4 (8.0-8.7), 8.6 (8.0-9.2); diastema, 
11.5 (10.9-12.1), 11.4 (10.2-12.0); width of palate between second and 
third molars, 7.0 (6.3-7.7), 7.0 (6.6-7.8). 

Compared with paratypes of dixiensis and with fremonti from Colo- 
rado, the skull of this race averages slightly shorter but has about the 
same zygomatic breadth. 

The width of the palate between the second and third molars averages 
greater than in any of the races examined. 

Compared with dixiensis, this race has shorter nasals, but they are 
not as short as in ventorum. The rostrum is shorter than in digviensis or 
ventorum as shown by a shorter diastema. The interorbital width is 
only slightly wider than in ventorum. 

Comparisons of pelages: From Colorado and Southern Wyoming 
specimens of J. hudsonicus fremonti in comparable summer pelage, 
this form differs principally in the tail color, having the hairs tipped 
with Pinkish-Cinnamon or Ochraceous-Buff (Ridgway 1912). In five 
of the 19 specimens, many of the hairs are white-tipped but in none is 
this white ‘‘frosting’’ as extensive as in dixiensis or in fremonti. 
The central terminal portion of the tail is black, usually with few if 
any light tips on the hairs. The tail viewed from the ventral surface is 
darker than in fremonti, having more black and fewer gray hairs. The 
overall appearance is slightly darker than in fremonti because of more 
black barring on the hairs. The top of the head has more black hairs. 

From paratypes of 7. h. dixiensis from Pine Valley Mts., Utah, this 
form differs in its darker tail and the ‘‘rustier’’ appearance of the tail 
and hind feet even in those with white in the tail. 

From IT. hudsonicus ventorwm from Rich and Weber Counties, Utah, 
this form differs in being much darker in overall appearance, with less 
‘‘rusty’’ in pelage, including the tail. The terminal portion of the tail 
is black being more like T. h. richardsoni of Oregon whereas the amount 
of black in the tail of ventorum is reduced. The top of the head is 
darker than in any of the material examined except possibly dixiensis. 

The greater amount of cinnamon and the reduction of black in the 
tail of some specimens from 11 miles east of Fairview, which is in San 
Pete Valley, show that they are closer to ventorum than is material from 
the type locality near Mt. Nebo west of San Pete Valley. 

Remarks.—My thanks are given to Paul Newey and Richard D. Porter, 
students of Weber College, for their help in the collection of material 
used in this study. 

Specimens examined.—UTAH. Total number 19, as follows: Juab 
County east of Mt. Nebo on Scenic Loop Road near Juab — Utah 
County line at 10,000 feet, 13. San Peté County near Skyline Drive 17 
miles northeast of Ephraim at 10,300 feet, 3; 11 miles east of Fairview 
on summit of Wasatch Mts. pass at 8,500 feet, 3. 


Pr, YO / ‘sgt rt a 
MAY 2 — 1950 


Vol. 63, pp. 15-30 No TIONAL pen 
PRO 

OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


April 26, 1950 


DESCRIPTIONS OF WESTERN COLORADO 
APHIDIDAE 


By F. C. Horrres 


The specimens described here were collected during the 
summer of 1948, in a region known as Unaweep Canyon 
through which highway 141 has been built. 


Macrosiphum bonitum, new species 


Apterous viviparous female. Size and general color.—Average length 
from vertex to tip of anal plate 1.95 mm, range from 1.71-2.18 mm, 
Width of head across eyes .371-.40 mm. Head thorax and abdomen 
bright radiant red in forms taken in the summer changing to brownish 
red for forms taken late in the fall. Antennae dark brown to almost 
black, except for I and II and the extreme base of III and most of VI. 
These segments and regions are somewhat lighter in color. Femora with 
basal halves yellowish to dusky yellow quickly shading to dark brown. 
Tibiae and tarsi almost uniform dark brown, sometimes with basal and 
apical portions almost black, and the region between very dark brown. 
Cornicles black and very uniform in color. Cauda, except for lighter 
basal portion brown with setulose surface darker. 

Head and appendages.—Comparative lengths of antennal segments as 
follows: III .50-.629, average .571 mm, IV .35-48, average .41 mm, 
V .814-.316, average .379 mm, VI .114-.143+ .46-.53 mm. Secondary sen- 
soria confined to the third antennal segment and numbering from 10 to 
25 with the average number 15. However, seven specimens taken at 
random out of twelve had fifteen or more sensoria. The sensoria are, 
as a rule, confined to the basal three fourths of the segment; they vary 
greatly in size, the smaller ones being tuberculate, the larger ones not. 
Some of the smaller sensoria are no larger than the base of the antennal 
hairs which are quite similar to the sensoria, being lighter than the 
antennal surface in color. The sensoria are without rims. Antennal hair 
is sparse, that on III slightly knobbed and shorter than the segment 
is wide. The third antennal segment is smooth, the remaining segments 
are imbricated, segments five and six being more imbricated than the 
fourth. Antennal tubercles only moderately well developed and diverging. 
First antennal segment only slightly gibbous. Rostrum reaching to or 
almost to the coxae of the metathoracic pair of legs. Segments four and 
five of the rostrum rather long, about equal to the second segment of the 
hind tarsus in length, rather narrow but by no means acute. All segments 
of the rostrum beyond the basal half of the sccond dark brown. 

Thorax.—The thorax is without lateral tubercles. The hair on the legs 
is pale and arises from clear colored elevations. The hair on the outer 
surface of the tibiae is longer than that on the inner surface and gets 


5—Proc. Brow. Soc. WaASH., VoL. 63, 1950 (15) 


APR 2 & 1950 


16 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


progressively longer towards the apex. The hair near the base of the 
tibiae is much shorter than the width of the tibiae at this point. The 
hair on the outer surface of the tibaie near the apex is longer than the 
width of the segment while that on the inner surface is less than half 
the tibiae in width. The tibial hairs are sparse but the hair on the apical 
region is more abundant. The hind tibiae measure from 1.07-1.35 mm 
in length. As a rule the tibiae are longer than 1.20 mm but much shorter 
than 1.35 mm. The hind tarsi measure from .128-.143 mm in length. 


Abdomen.—The abdomen is without lateral tubercles. The cornicles 
measure from .614-.745 mm in length. As a rule, the cornicles range 
between .64 mm and .71 mm. The cornicles taper slightly from a rather 
wide base to a weakly developed rim. They are coarsely imbricated so 
that the basal half appears rather rough. About .1 mm of the cornicle 
near the apex is reticulated. The reticulations are weak and on some 
specimens rather difficult to determine. The cauda is from .214-.257 
mm long, with the most common length .243 mm. The cauda is slightly 
constricted or constricted on one side only. Its tip is rather blunt. On its 
sides one may find from three to four hairs. It is common for the cauda 
to have three hairs on one side and four on the other. A hair on the 
dorsum near the apex may or may not be present. The entire surface 
of the cauda is coarsely setulose. 


Alate viviparous female.—Size and general color.—Length from vertex 
to tip of anal plate 1.21-1.87, average length 1.51 mm. Width of head 
across eyes .343-.386 mm. Color of head thorax and abdomen quite 
similar to that of the apterous viviparous female. Color of appendages 
similar to those of apterous viviparous female. 

Head and appendages.—Comparative lengths of antennal segments 
are as follows: III .50-.58, average .53 mm; IV .314-.40, average .365 
mm; V .328-.40, average .849 mm; VI .114-.20, average .15 mm + .543- 
.614 mm. The secondary sensoria are confined to the third antennal 
segment. They vary considerably in size and all have wide rims, the 
smaller ones being slightly tuberculate. The sensoria are irregularly ar- 
ranged but are few to lacking on the dorsal surface. The hair on seg- 
ment III are sparse, spine-like, pale in color and sharp pointed. In 
length they are about equal to half the width of the segment. All 
antennal hair arise from clear-colored slightly raised tubercles which 
at times suggest small sensoria. Antennal segment III is smooth, the 
remaining segments are progressively more and more imbricated. The 
anterior margin of the head is provided with a median tubercle. The 
antennal tubercles are moderately well developed. The rostrum attains 
the middle of the coxae of the metethoracic pair of legs, segments four 
and five are about equal in length to the second segment of the tarsi, and 
are narrow but not acute. 

Thorax.—Thoracie and abdominal tubercles lacking. Stigma narrow 
and pale dusky in color. Second branch of media about midway between 
first branch and margin of wing. Veins pale dusky with a pale border. 
Median portion of wing pale, outer portion light dusky and rather 
rough. Hind tibiae varying in length from 1.14-1.28 mm, as a rule more 
than 1.20 mm long. Hind tarsi .143 mm in length. Hair on hind tibiae 
very sparse, that near the base very short, in other respects similar 
to that found in the apterous viviparous female. 

Abdomen.—Cornicles varying in length from .57-.686 mm. Other 


Hottes—Descriptions of Western Colorado Aphididae 17 


features of cornicles similar to those of apterous viviparous female. 
Cauda .185-.228 mm, similar to that of apterous viviparous female. 

Apterous oviparous female. Size and general color.—Average length 
from vertex to tip of anal plate 1.79 mm, range from 1.28-2.04 mm. 
Width of head across eyes, .347-.371 mm. Color of head thorax and 
abdomen variable. Specimens taken October first were a rich dark 
brown with the head and antennal tubercles shading to darker dusky 
brown. Specimens taken October nineteenth, after several frosts, in 
part were similar to those taken October first, others had the head dark 
brown with some indications of green. These specimens had the thorax 
and abdomen dark brown with a greenish-metallic sheen. The antennae, 
legs, cornicle, and cauda are similar to corresponding structures in the 
viviparous females. 

Head and appendages.—The anterior margin of the head is slightly 
convex but there is no median tubercle. Comparative lengths of antennal 
segments are as follows: Ill .46-.59, average .53 mm; IV .314-.40, 
average .33 mm; V .30-.40, average .35 mm (in only one case was V 
shorter than IV); VI .10-.128 + .457-.543, average .48 mm. Secondary 
sensoria are limited to third antennal segment and number from three 
to twelve, each number represented by only one specimen. Average 
number of sensoria is seven, most common number of sensoria, four to 
six. The sensoria, as a rule, extend only a short distance beyond the 
basal half of the segment. They vary considerably in size, are irregu- 
larly arranged but confined largely to one side of the antenna. The 
larger sensoria have wide rims which are lacking in the smaller ones. 
The rostrum extends to or slightly beyond the metathoracic pair of 
coxae. It may be much darker than that of the viviparous females. 

Thoraz.—The hind tibiae vary in length from 1.00-1.94 mm, and 
average 1.26 mm. This average is made much larger than it should be 
by the tibiae of a single specimen. 1.10 mm would appear to be about 
the correct average length. The hind tarsi are from .128-.143 mm in 
length. The basal half of the hind tibia is very slightly swollen and it 
is in this region that a moderate number of irregularly sized sensoria are 
located. The sensoria on the tibiae are less abundant near the median 
portion of the swollen area than elsewhere. 

Abdomen.—The cornicles vary in length from .50-.61 mm. The surface 
of the cornicle not reticulated is roughly imbricated. Anal plate very 
shallow, apical surface with a few hair. Cauda .171-.251 mm, each 
represented by a single specimen. The most common length of the 
cauda is .214 mm. The setulose surface of the cauda is very dark. The 
lateral surfaces of the cauda have from four to six hair. The cauda is 
not constricted. 

Apterous male. Size and general color.—Average length from vertex to 
tip of anal plate is 1.14 mm, the range from .929-1.25 mm, the most 
common length, 1.22 mm. Width of head across eyes .314 mm. The male 
of this species is described only from the collection made October nine- 
teenth although males may have been present on October first but over- 
looked on this date because of their small size. Head, thorax and abdo- 
men are dark green shading to dusky brown. Antennae, cornicles, tibiae, 
and tarsi are blackish brown, less dark than corresponding structures in 
the female. Basal half of the femora is greenish. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal segments with the following com- 
parative lengths: III .386-.443 mm, IV .314 mm, V .286-.316 mm, VI .10- 


18 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


143 mm + .50-.543 mm. Secondary senoria distributed as follows: 
III 21-42, average 30; IV 10-15; V 8-11. On III the sensoria are 
irregularly arranged, have wide rims and vary considerably in size. On 
IV the sensoria are confined more or less to one side of the segment. 
They are irregularly arranged. On this segment the sensoria are more 
uniform in size and there is a strong tendency for them to be more 
abundant on the apical half. On V the sensoria are in an irregular row. 
The rostrum extends slightly beyond the coxae of the metathoracic pair 
of legs. 

Thorax.—The hind tibiae vary around 1.00 mm long. The hair on the 
tibiae is very sparse and that on the inner side may be very short. The 
hair near the apex of the tibiae is no longer than that near the middle, 
that near the base is very short. The hind tarsi are about .128 mm long. 

Abdomen.—The cornicles are from .314-.343 mm long, their surface is 
roughly imbricated. The apex of the cornicles is so feebly reticulated 
that in most specimens the imbrications appear to reach the apex of the 
cornicle. The cauda is from .10-.11 mm long and almost triangular in 
shape, being but little longer than wide at the base. There are about 
five lateral hairs on the cauda. The gonapophyses are dark brown and 
well supplied with hair. 

Holotype apertous viviparous female August -14, 1948, Morphotype 
alate viviparous female August 27, 1948, Morphotype apterous oviparous 
female October 1, 1948, Allotype apterous male October 19, 1948. All 
types deposited in United States National Museum. The host upon which 
this species was taken was Stephanomeria paucifiora. On this host it 
lives on the flower stems. Type locality about twenty-five miles north 
of Gateway, Colorado, near highway 141. 

This species is closely allied to Macrosiphum atripes G&P from which 
it differs in the following respects: the males are apterous, the corn- 
icles are much longer and show fewer and more feeble reticulations, the 
cauda is shorter, thicker, and much darker, neither do the hair on the 
abdomen arise from dark spots. 


Braggia uncompahgrensis, new species 


Apterous viviparous female. Size and general color—Length from 
vertex to tip of abdomen (the anal plate rarely reaching as far as the 
tip of the abdomen) varying from .858-1.43, average length 1.27 mm. 
Specimens taken during the hot dry period of the summer will average 
smaller than the average given here, while specimens taken after the 
fall rains, and perhaps those taken in the spring, will average longer. 
Width of head across eyes .286-.314 mm. Head thorax and abdomen 
grey-green with a very slight but very uniform frost-like pulverulence, 
in part due to long hair and in part due to scant pulverulent matter. 
Antennae pale yellowish-green except for apical three-fourths of seg- 
ment which is light dusky. Rostrum yellowish-green except for apical 
segments which are dusky and the extreme tip which is black. Femora 
yellowish green. Tibiae similar except for a portion near the apex about 
equal in length to the tarsi which is dusky. Tarsi dusky. Cornicles con- 
colorous with abdomen or slightly dusky at the apex. A few specimens 
may have the cornicles dusky throughout. Cauda seldom seen but con- 
colorous with abdomen. Anal plate seldom seen but concolorous with 
abdomen except for the outer margin which is dusky. 

Head and appendages.—Comparative lengths of antennal segments as 


Hottes—Descriptions of Western Colorado Aphididae 19 


follows: III .128-.176, most common length .157 mm; IV .085-.128, most 
common length .128 mm; V .071-.128, as a rule .085 mm or more; VI 
.075-.085, most common length .071 mm + .057-.071, as a rule just equal 
to base of six. Secondary sensoria distributed as follows: III 1-4, most 
common number 3; IV 0-2, distributed almost equally 0-1-2; V 0. All 
sensoria very difficult to determine, being but little differentiated from 
the rest of the segment as regards to color. All antennal segments 
lightly imbricated. Antennal hair almost absent, if present on III very 
sparse, fine, and very short. Anterior margin of head well rounded 
and commonly with two long pointed hair. The rostrum reaches slightly 
beyond the coxae of the mesothoracic pair of legs, but never reaching 
the coxae of the metathoracic pair. Apical portion of the rostrum 
thin but not acute, segment four and five longer than the hind tarsi. 

Thorax.—Prothorax with a pair of long tubercles. The hand tibiae 
are from .429-.529 mm long. As a rule they are longer than .471 mm. 
The hind tarsi are .086-1.00 mm long. The hair on the tibiae is very 
sparse and shorter than one half the width of the tibiae on the basal 
half. The tarsal claws are very well developed with the apex of the 
claw very sharp and clear in color. 

Abdomen.—The cornicles very from .057-.085 mm in length, with the 
most common length .0715 mm. The cornicles are distinctly constricted 
just before the apex, which has a well developed rim. The surface of thé 
cornicle is imbricated. The dorsal surface of the thorax and abdomen 
is reticulated. The thorax and abdomen are provided with long .057- 
.071 mm sharp to dull pointed hair. These body hair are set on excep- 
tionally well developed tubercles, the height of which was not measured 
in determining the length of the hair. No body hair are enlarged at the 
tip, none knobbed, and none have a square apical surface. The cauda 
is very short and, strange as it may seem, hardly ever extends to the 
tip of the abdomen. It is about .071 mm long and about twice as wide 
at the base. The surface of the cauda is setulose and the sides have 
about three hair. The anal plate is also peculiar, being wider than the 
cauda at the base and very short. Its apical margin is provided with 
long fine hair which are not situated on tubercles. In most mounted 
specimens the abdomen extends well beyond the cauda and anal plate 
hair similar to that found on the rest of the abdomen forming a sort 
of posterior margin. 

Alate viviparous female. Size and general color.—Average length 
from vertex to tip of abdomen .924 mm, range in size from .829-1.00 
mm. Head pale dusky to rather dark dusky brown. Thoras with similar 
variations. Abdomen grey green with slight frosty pulverulence which in 
this case is not due to hair. Antenna uniform pale to pale with apical 
portion of segments light dusky. Femora pale with apical portions 
dusky. Tibiae pale with distal portions dusky. Femora pale with apical 
portions dusky. Tarsi dusky. Cornicles concolorus with abdomen or 
pale dusky. 

Head and appendages.—Comparative lengths of antennal segments as 
follows: III .214-.228 mm, IV .10-.143 mm, V .08-.128 mm, VI .05-.07 
+ 0.4-.1 mm. Secondary sensoria arranged as follows: III 5-9, most 
common number nine arranged in more or less of a row; IV 1-3, V 0-1. 
The sensoria are comparatively large. All antennal segments are imbri- 
cated and segments III, IV, and V lack hair. The median portion of 
the vertex has a well developed tubercle. The rostrum extends well 


20 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


beyond the metathoracic pair of coxae. 

Thorax.—Femora rather short and wide, considerably flattened later- 
ally. Hind tibiae .57-.68 mm long. Hind tarsi .08 mm long. Hair on 
hind tibiae very short and scant on inner surface and almost lacking on 
the outer surface. Stigma light dusky with a scale-like surface. Radial 
sector narrow and weakly bowed. Second branch of media about midway 
between first branch and the margin of the wing. All veins are light 
dusky with a pale border and end in a dusky patch before reaching the 
wing margin. The outer portion of the wing is rougher than the more 
median portion. Prothorax with well developed lateral tubercles. The 
cubitus of the hind wings may or may not be present. 

Abdomen.—Cornicles .05-.07 mm long, shaped as in apterous vivt- 
parous female. Hair on body unlike that, on apterous female, compara- 
tively sparse, fine, and sharp-pointed. Cauda and anal plate as in 
apterous female. 

Apterous oviparous female. Size and general color.—Average length 
from vertex to tip of abdomen 1.23 mm. Range in length from 1.07- 
1.38 mm. Width of head across eyes .257 mm. Color of head, thorax 
and abdomen as in apterous viviparous female, or with the head, thorax 
and abdomen bronze-green. 

Head and appendages.—Comparative length of antennal segments as 
follows: III .157-.171 mm, IV .114-.128 mm, V .071-.100 mm, VI .057- 
.0O71 + .071 mm, or as a rule equal to base of VI. Secondary sensoria 
on III, 2-4, most common number 2, IV 0-2, V 0. The rostrum which 
has the last two segments long and thin reaches to the metathoracic 
pair of coxae. 

Thorax.—Prothorax with small lateral tubercles. Hind tibiae .40-.42 
mm. long, not swollen, but rather wide throughout all but the extreme 
apex. Sensoria on tibiae numerous, round, of uniform size, and reaching 
almost to the apex of segment. 

Abdomen.—First abdominal segment with lateral tubercles. Cornicles, 
cauda, and anal plate as in apterous viviparous female. Abdomen 
posterior to cornicles slightly constricted. 

Alate male. Not observed in life. Length 1.21 mm. Proportional 
length of antennal segments as follows: III .228 mm, IV .20, V .157 mm, 
VI .1 + .1 mm. Secondary sensoria distributed as follows: III 24-27, 
IV 13-18, V 11-14, VI 0-2. The sensoria are irregularly arranged, are 
round and rather uniform in size. The head has a median tubercle. 
The head and thorax are dusky brown, the abdomen is light green. The 
cornicles are light dusky. 

This species is very closely allied with Braggia echidna G&P. from 
which it differs most conspicuously by the character of the body hair 
in the apterous viviparous female. In the species here described, the hair 
are sharp-pointed for the most part but some of the hair are slightly 
blunt, not blunt, or squarely cut off at the apex and distinctly not 
capitate as described for echidna. The body hairs are also longer than 
those of echidna. The color of the males and eviparous females also 
differs. 

Professor Palmer has kindly sent me several slides from the type 
series of Braggia echidna for study. None of these slides shows capitate 
hairs as described in the original description but the character of the 
hair differs much from the character of the hair found in Braggia 
uncompahgrensis. 


Hottes—Descriptions of Western Colorado Aphididae 21 


Holotype slide Apterous viviparous female October 19, 1948. 

Morphotype Alate viviparous female August 27, 1948. 

Morphotype apterous oviparous female October 19, 1948. 

Allotype alate male October 19, 1948. 

All types deposited in United States National Museum. Specimens of 
this species are extremely difficult to collect. In only one case were 
specimens taken in a colony on the flower stems of the host Hriogonium 
corymbosom. Other collections were made on the flower stems and the 
under sides of the leaves of the host species, the specimens being taken 
individually. The sparse distribution of this species makes the col- 
lection of it extremely tedious and time consuming. 


Aphis agathona, new species 

Alate viviparous female. Size and general color.—Length from 
vertex to tip of anal plate .94 mm. Head and thorax dark dusky brown 
with the anterior margin of head and lateral portions of thorax more 
dusky than brown. Abdomen dark brown with lateral dusky patches. 
Cornicles dusky. Femora shading from light dusky to dark dusky. Hind 
femora darkest. Tibiae light dusky at the base shading to pale dusky 
and again shading to dusky at the apex. The apical portion of the 
tibiae of the metathoracic pair of legs, shaded dusky, is much darker 
than that of the other legs and very considerably longer. Tarsi con- 
colorus with apical portion of tibiae. First and second antennal segments 
econcolorus with head, remaining segments light but dusky with the apical 
portions darker. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal segments with the following pro- 
portional lengths: III .271 mm, IV .171 mm, V .157 mm, VI .085 mm 
+ .114 mm. All antennal segments imbricated and provided with but 
few fine hair, which are short. Sensoria on III irregularly arranged, 
varying considerably in size from extra large to minute and all with 
wide rims, the smaller ones tuberculate. On segment III the sensoria 
number 15 on one antenna and II on the other. Sensoria on IV in an 
irregular row and numbering 5. Segment V has 2 sensoria. Anterior 
margin of head well rounded with a median tubercle. 

Thorax.—Prothorax with a pair of lateral tubercles. Stigma pale 
dusky. Radial sector long and narrow, little bowed. Second branch of 
media closer to margin of wing than to the first branch. Margin of 
wing very considerably rougher than median portion. Hind tibiae .715 
mm long. Hind tarsi .1 mm long. Hair on outer portion of tibiae 
exceedingly sparse, hair on remaining outer portion of tibiae fewer and 
finer in texture than that on inner portion. 

Abdomen.—First abdominal segment and also the seventh provided 
with lateral tubercles. Cornicles .057 mm in length, asymetrical, with 
the surface almost smooth, distinctly constricted near the apex. The 
cornicles of this form are not nearly as juglike as those of the apterous 
viviparous female. Cauda .042 mm long, wider at base than long. The 
sides of the cauda are almost parallel and the apex is very broadly 
rounded. The hair on the cauda cannot be seen on the single specimen 
here described. The anal plate is longer than the ecauda. It has a 
setulose surface and its outer margin is provided with a few long, 
slightly curved hair. 

Apterous viviparous female.—Size and general color.—Average length 
from vertex to tip of anal plate 1.54 mm. Range in length 1.43-1.78 mm. 


22 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


The smaller specimens were collected in August, the larger ones in 
- October. Head thorax and abdomen clothed with a white pulverulence 
which at times becomes rather dense. The pulverulent matter is not 
uniform in distribution, being either naturally lacking or rubbed off in 
a rather uniform pattern which takes the form of an irregular longi- 
tudinal line with frequent deviations to the sides and lateral areas. The 
denuded areas are a pinkish-brown. The antennae are considerably 
lighter in color than those of the alate viviparous female. The legs are 
similar to those of the alate female but the middle portion of the tibiae 
is much paler. The cornicles are black or almost so. Cauda, with a 
crescent-shaped area at the base, pale. Remaining portion dusky with 
apical margin darkest. 

Head and appendages.—Comparative length of antennal segments as 
follows: III .272 mm, range from .243-.300 mm; IV .155 mm, range 
.143-.185 mm; V .132 mm, range .114-.143 mm, most common length 
.128 mm; VI most common length .1 mm, range .08-.128 + .011-.12, most 
common length .11 mm. Sensoria very difficult to determine being but 
little differentiated from the rest of the antenna in color, arranged in 
a straight or irregular row showing considerable range in size but on the 
whole small. Sensoria on III, 2-7, each number represented by but one 
case, most common number 3; IV, 1-5, each represented by one case, 
most common number 2; V, 0-3, commonly none. Rostrum reaching 
to the coxae of the mesothoracic pair of legs. Last two segments of 
rostrum semi-acute but not needle-like, and as long as or longer than the 
terminal process of the sixth antennal segment. 

Thorax and Abdomen.—Prothorax with well developed lateral tuber- 
cles. Hind tibiae .74-.85 mm long. Hind tarsi .085-.1 mm long. Hair 
on outer surface of apical portion of tibiae longest. Hair on outer portion 
of tibiae much sparser than that on inner surface. First and seventh 
abdominal segments with lateral tubercles. Spiracles surrounded by 
darker patches. Dorsum of mounted specimens shows several isolated 
irregular spots which are darker in color than surrounding areas. Thorax 
and abdomen reticulated. Hair on abdomen about .057 mm long, arising 
from small elevations. Cornicles .085-1.00 mm in length, very wide at 
the base with a distinct neck near the apex making them look like small 
jugs. The cornicles are very poorly imbricated. Cauda never as long as 
wide at the base ranging in length from .042-.085 mm, with the longer 
length the more common. Apex of Cauda very dull and broadly rounded, 
distinctly without nipple-like apex. Surface of cauda setulose, margins 
with from 2-4 hair. 

Oviparus female. Size and general color.—Range in size from 1.43-1.79 
mm, most common length 1.5 mm. Width of head across eyes .341 mm. 
Color suggestive of apterous viviparous female and with similar pul- 
verulence. Mounted specimens appear darker than those of apterous 
viviparous females. 

Head and appendages.—Comparative length of antennal segments as 
follows: IIT .243-.314 mm, IV .140-.185 mm, V .143-.157 mm, VI .07- 
.08 mm + .7-.1 mm. Secondary sensoria distributed as follows: III 
1-4, each represented by one case, as a rule 2-3; IV 1-5, each represented 
by one case, most common number, 2-3; V 0-3, as a rule none. Anterior 
margin of head arched. Rostrum reaching to or beyond mesothoracic 
pair of coxae. 

Thorax and abdomen.—Prothorax with lateral tubercles. Hind tibiae 


Hoties—Descripiions of Western Colorado Aphididae 23 


almost uniform dark dusky brown, uniformly swollen throughout most 
of length except extreme base and apex. Swollen portion with numerous 
round and irregular sensoria, some of which may be slightly tuberculate. 
The length of the tibiae varies from .686-.715 mm. First and seventh 
abdominal segments with lateral tubercles. Cornicles .071 mm in length 
and less constricted near apex than those of apterous viviparous female. 
Abdomen beyond cornicles little constricted. Anal plate very broad and 
shallow. 

Alate male. Size and general color.—Length from vertex to tip of 
anal plate 1.02-1.08 mm. Color not observed in life but from mounted 
specimens appears to be as follows: Head and thorax varying from 
dark dusky brown to rick dark brown. Abdomen varying from yellowish- 
brown with lateral dusky spots to brown with similar markings. An- 
tennae dusky. Femora almost uniform dusky, tibiae light dusky with 
basal and apical portions darker. Cornicles dusky. Gonapophyses dark 
brown. Cauda and anal plate dusky. 

Head and appendages.—Secondary sensoria distributed as follows: 
III 40-43, IV 17-18, V 7-8. Sensoria arranged irregularly but con- 
fined mostly to one side of segment. Comparative lengths of antennal 
segments as follows: III .343-.347 mm, IV .228-.257 mm, V .157-.214 mm, 
VI .1-1.12 + .114-.171 mm. The vertex has a median tubercle. The 
rostrum reaches to or slightly beyond the mesothoracic coxae. 

Thorax.—The prothorax has a pair of lateral tubercles. The veins of 
the wings are dusky. The second branch of the media is closer to the 
margin of the wing than it is to the first branch, in all but one wing. 
The radial sector is but little bowed and rather close to the margin of 
the wing. 


Abdomen.—The first and seventh abdominal segments have lateral 
tubercles. The cornicles, which measure .057 mm in length, are more 
like those of the alate viviparous female than they are like those of the 
apterous viviparous female. Cauda .028-.057 mm in length. Gonapo- 
physes very broad and flat at the apex with the corners somewhat drawn 
out suggestive of a well worn scoop shovel. 


Holotype alate viviparous female August 27, 1948. Morphotype 
apterous viviparous female October 1, 1948. Morophotype apterous 
oviparous female October 19, 1948. Allotype alate male October 19, 
1948. All deposited in the United States National Museum. The host 
on which this species was taken was Eriogonium corymbosum, on which 
it lives on the undersides of the leaves. Type locality east side of highway 
141 a few miles north of Gateway, Colorado. This species keys to Aphis 
erigoni Cowen in Gillette and Palmer’s Key to the genus Aphis, part 
II, Aphididae of Colorado, but not satisfactorily so. But there is no 
question that this species and the species described by Cowen are closely 
allied. Professor Palmer has seen specimens of the species here 
described and agrees that they are close to erigoni but believes they 
should be regarded as distinct. She has also supplied me with specimens 
determined as Aphis erigoni. Aphis agathona differs from Aphis erigoni 
in the following respects: The shorter unguis or terminal process, the 
fewer and, in the apterous female, much harder-to-see secondary sen- 
soria which are also smaller, the color under the pulverulent matter, the 
shorter cornicles, a more rounded cauda, and the broken spots on the 
dorsum of the abdomen (not seen in living specimens). 


24 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Aphis urovaneta, new species 


Alate viviparous female. 

Size and general color—Length from vertex to tip of anal plate vary- 
ing from .858-1.07, average length .943 mm. Head thorax and abdomen 
black. Antennae almost uniform dusky. Femora dusky. Tibiae dusky 
at base and apically with region between light yellowish. Tarsi dusky. 
Cornicles dusky to black, cauda the same. 

Head and appendages.—Comparative length of antennal segments as 
follows: III .185-.243, average length .213 mm; IV .10-.143, average 
length .113 mm; V .1-.128, average length .110 mm; VI .071-.10, aver- 
age length, .88 mm -++ .1-.143, average length .133 mm. Secondary sen- 
soria confined to third antennal segment numbering from 3-7 with 5 by 
far the most common number followed by 6. It is not unusual for the 
number of sensoria on the two antennae to differ. The sensoria are 
large and have wide rims. All antennal segments are coarsely imbri- 
cated. The antennal segments are without hair except for the tip of VI. 
The width of the head varies from .30-.314 mm. The ocular tubercles are 
well developed. The rostrum reaches to or just beyond the metathoracic 
pair of coxae. Segments IV and V of the rostrum are long and narrow 
but not acute. Segments IV and V of the rostrum as a rule are longer 
than the base of VI and may be as long as the terminal process. 

Thorax.—There is a large tooth-like tubercle on each side of the pro- 
thorax. The stigma is rather narrow and short. The radial sector is 
long and but little bowed. The second branch of the media is closer 
to the margin of the wing than it is to the first branch. All veins are 
lightly bordered with dusky. The entire surface of the wing is very 
rough, only the anal vein reaches the margin of the wing. The hind 
tibiae measure .529-.60 mm in length. The hind tarsi are .1 mm long. 
The hair on the tibiae is sparse and less than one half the width of the 
tibiae in length. That near the apical portion of the tibiae is even 
shorter. 

Abdomen.—The first segment of the abdomen has a pair of lateral 
tubercles and a similar pair of tubercles is located on the seventh seg- 
ment. A few specimens in which the abdomen appears light green show 
the spiracles surrounded by small dusky areas; this condition is, perhaps, 
common. The cornicles vary in length from .071-.085 mm. The surface 
of the cornicles is weakly imbricated and the rim at the apex is poorly 
developed. The apex of the cornicles is very slightly wider than the 
base but the sides are straight. The cauda is almost triangular, its apex 
is acute. There are from three to four hair on the sides of the cauda. 
The most common length of the cauda is .042 mm but in one ease a 
length of .085 mm was measured. Hair on the abdomen is sparse and 
short except for the hair on the cauda which is moderately abundant 
and considerably longer than that found elsewhere. 

Apterous viviparous female.—Size and general color.—Length from 
vertex to tip of anal plate varying from .943-1.43, each length repre- 
sented by a single specimen. Average length 1.17 mm. Specimens taken 
during the hot dry spell when the host plants were in need of water 
were much shorter than the average given here. Width of head across 
eyes .28 mm. Head thorax and abdomen distinctly grey due to the 
presence of powder-like pulverulent matter except where the powder 
has been rubbed off, as it usually is in a more or less regular pattern, 


Hoties—Descriptions of Western Colorado Aphididae 25 


being lacking at the sides of the abdomen and along a more or less 
irregular elongated area on the mid dorsum. These powder-free areas 
expose the black color of the abdomen. Antennal segments I and II 
black, segments III, IV, and the base of V, pale to light dusky. Apical 
portion of V and all of VI dusky to light black. Femora almost uniform 
dark brown. Tibiae with extreme basal portion dusky, apical portion 
the same, intermediate portion pale yellowish. Tarsi brownish. Cauda 
and cornicles black. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal segments with the following pro- 
portional lengths: III .143-.214. Specimens taken in August have seg- 
ment averaging .171 mm, while III of specimens taken in October aver- 
age .214 mm. IV .08-.17 mm, V .1-.128 mm, VI .071-.114 mm 4+ .128- 
143 mm. There are no secondary sensoria. All antennal segments are 
imbricated, V and VI more so than the others. The anterior margin of 
the head is distinctly dome-shaped. The rostrum, shaped as in the alate 
female, reaches to the metathoracic coxae. The ocular tubercles are 
well developed. 

Thorax.—The thorax has a pair of large tooth-like tubercles. The 
hind tibiae are from .45-.643 mm long. 


Abdomen.—The dorsum of the abdomen is reticulated. There are few 
hair on the abdomen and these are short. The cornicles are .143 mm 
long and show almost no variation in length. They are feebly imbri- 
cated and the rim at the apex is very poorly developed. Cauda .071 mm 
long showing almost no variation in length, it is almost as wide at the 
base as long. The tip of the cauda is pointed, the sides are provided 
with from 3-4 inwardly curving hairs. The upper surface of the cauda 
is setulose and rather rough. 


Apterous oviparous female.—Described from two measured specimens. 
Length, 1.35 mm. Width of head across eyes, .343 mm. Color as in 
apterous viviparous female. Comparative length of antennal segments 
as follows: III .214-.243 mm, IV .143 mm, V .128-.143 mm, VI .1-.128 
mm. There are no secondary sensoria. Rostrum hardly reaching ecoxae 
of metathoracic pair of legs. Segments 4 and 5 of rostrum almost as 
long as cornicles. Prothorax with lateral tubercles. Hind tibiae .527 
mm long, rather thick except for a distance at the apex about equal 
to two times the tarsi. Thickened portion of hind tibiae provided with 
slightly tuberculate round and uniform sensoria. Hair on hind tibiae 
minute and very sparse even near the apex of the tibiae where hair as a 
rule is more abundant. 

Abdomen.—First abdominal segment with lateral tubercles. A similar 
pair is located on the seventh segment. Cornicles .114 mm long. Cauda 
.071 mm long, no longer than wide at the base and provided with 3 
hair at the sides. The abdomen is but little constricted posterior to the 
cornicles. 

Alate Male.—Average length from vertex to tip of anal plate 1.05 
mm, range from .92-1.28 mm. Width of head across eyes .343 mm. Color 
of head, thorax, and abdomen black. Head similar to that of alate 
female in shape. Comparative lengths of antennal segments as follows: 
ITT .214-.314 mm, IV .171-.214 mm, V .157 mm, VI .085-.1 + .128-.171 
mm. Secondary sensoria distributed as follows: III 30-46, as a rule more 
than 37; IV 21-31, as a rule more than 24; V 9-17, as a rule fewer than 
12. The sensoria are irregularly arranged on all segments. On III and 


26 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


to a lesser extent on IV, two or three and even four sensoria are 
crowded together so that they touch one another. Such groups are 
followed by areas which are free from sensoria. The sensoria are round, 
of uniform size, and are very slightly tuberculate. Antennal hair is very 
sparse and short, being hardly two times the height of the imbrications 
in length. The thorax and abdomen are provided with lateral tubercles 
similar to those of the females. Wings as in the alate female. Hind 
tibiae .643-.686 mm. Hind tarsi .1-.114 mm. Gonapophyses black, short, 
and very hairy. 

This species is, as a rule, very abundant, often encrusting the flower 
stems and upper portions of its host Eriogonium sp. (one of the her- 
baceous members of the genus). From the forms here described, one 
would appear justified in saying that the species does not migrate. It 
may not be keyed in any key known to me. From Aphis eriogoni Cowen, 
it differs in color, cornicles and secondary sensoria, as well as in the 
anterior margin of the head. 


Holotype alate viviparous female August 24, 1948. 
Morphotype apterous viviparous female October 1, 1948. 
Morphotype oviparous female October 1, 1948. 


Allotype alate male October 1, 1948. All deposited in the United 
States National Museum. Type locality about twenty miles north of 
Gateway, Colorado, or just south of old stone house on highway 141. 


Macrosiphum glabrum, G. & P. 


Apterous male. Described from only two specimens. Size and general 
color.—Length of vertex to tip of anal plate 1.38-1.35 mm. Head dusky 
brown with traces of dark green. Antennae, with the exception of I and 
II and the base of III, brownish-black. Femora greenish at the base 
shading to dark dusky brown. Tibiae, brown shading to black. Tarsi 
dark dusky. Dorsum of thorax dusky, remaining portion green. Abdomen 
green with narrow, more or less broken bands which extend laterally. 
Cornicles and cauda dark dusky. 


Head and appendages.—Comparative lengths of antennal segments as 
follows: III .60-.65 mm, IV .54-.60 mm, V .45-.48 mm, VI .143-.157 mm 
+ .60 mm. The secondary sensoria are distributed as follows: III 
48-51, IV 31-39, V 13-16. The sensoria are uniform in size, very slightly 
tuberculate and irregularly arranged. On 4 and 5, the dorsal side is more 
or less free from sensoria. The rostrum reaches the metathoracie coxae, 
the last two segments are obtuse. 


Thorax and abdomen.—The hind tibiae are from 1.40-1.43 mm long. 
The hind tarsi measure from .143-.157 mm in length. The tibial hair, 
except for those near the apex which are fine and short, are spine-like 
and about equal to the width of the tibiae in length. The cornicles 
measure from .228-.243 in length; a little more than one third of their 
length is reticulated. The portion of the cornicle not reticulated is 
coarsely imbricated. The cauda varies from .143-.176 mm. The cauda 
has three hair on a side and its surface is coarsely setulose. The gona- 
pophyses have their apical surface rather flat and square. 


Allotype: apterous male taken near Gateway, Colorado, October 19, 
1948. Host Artemisia dracunculoides L. Deposited in the United States 
National Museum. The males here described were taken together with 


Hottes—Descriptions of Western Colorado Aphididae 27 


apterous viviparous and apterous oviparous females. As the females 
differed from the original description for the most part as made by 
Gillette and Palmer in respect to portion of cornicle reticulated, length of 
rostrum, and size, specimens were sent to Professor Palmer for checking. 
Professor Palmer sent me a paratypic slide and wrote that the species 
shows considerable variation within the limits of which my specimens 
fall. 


Macrosiphum atripes, Gillette & Palmer 


Oviparous female. Size and general color.—Average length from vertex 
to tip of anal plate 2.21 mm. Color in all respects similar to that of 
apterous viviparous female. 


Head and appendages.—Antennal segments with the following propor- 
tional lengths: III .715-.772 mm., IV .486-.50 mm., V .347-443 mm., VI 
.10-.14 mm. -+ .715-786 mm. Width of head across eyes .429 mm. An- 
tennal segment III with from 18-25 round to oval secondary sensoria 
The sensoria are slightly tuberculate, and are irregularly arranged but © 
are confined more or less to one side of the segment. The hair on the 
third antennal segment is almost as long as the width of the segment 
slightly enlarged at the tip and very upright. The rostrum almost 
reaches the coxae of the mesothoracic legs. 


Thorax and appendages.—The metathoracic tibiae are very uniform- 
ly swollen except for the apical fourth ,the swollen portion has 
numerous sensoria. The hair on the inner portion of the hind tibiae is 
much shorter than that on the outer portion. The hair in the middle 
outer portion of the hind tibiae is almost at right angles to the tibiae. 
The hair at the apex of the tibiae is sparse. The hind tibiae measure 
1.57 mm. in length. 


Abdomen.—The cornicles vary in length from .622-.815 mm. the last 
.228 mm is reticulated. The hair on the abdomen arises from small brown 
spots. The cauda is about .443 mm. long, with from 6-7 exceptionally 
long lateral hair. In shape the cauda is similar to that of the viviparous 
females. 


Alate male.—Described from two specimens not observed in life. 
Length from vertex to tip of anal plate 1.85 mm. Color indicated from 
mounted specimens to be quite similar to that of females. 

Head and appendages.—Length of antennal segments as follows: IIT 
.805-.81 mm., IV .60 mm., V .429-.50 mm., VI .112-.114 + .643-.715 mm. 
Secondary sensoria arranged as follows: III 66, IV 22, V 15. The sen- 
soria are irregularly arranged but are confined more or less to one side 
of the segment. The sensoria have wide rims and are slightly tuber- 
culate. The rostrum reaches just beyond the coxae of the mesothoracic 
pair of legs. 

Thorax.—The second branch of the media has its origin about mid- 
way between the first branch and the margin of the wing. The veins are 
dusky and are lightly bordered. The surface of the wing is rough. 


Abdomen.—The cornicles vary in length from .347-.42 mm. the surface 
not reticulated is slightly imbricated. The cauda is .185 mm. long, much 
shorter and wider than expected, the sides of the cauda carry five long 
and rather drooping hair. The gonapophyses are long finger-like and 
provided with many hair. 


28 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Allotype, alate male, Morphotype, apterous oviparous female taken 
about five miles North of Gateway, Colorado October 12, 1948. Both 
the allotype and the morphotype deposited in the United States National 
Museum. 


This species was observed from August 16 to October 20, 1948. It was 
taken during this time on Kuhnia leptophylla which represents a new 
host plant for the species. It feeds on this host on the stems of the new 
growth and on the flower stems. 


Hoties—Descriptions of Western Colorado Aphididae 29 


— 5 hae ik i ¥ 
aS 10. 
MAY 2 = 1950 
% , [ i 
Vol 63, pp. 31-34 a az yy 0: cyt 


April 26, 1950 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


HIRSTIONYSSUS OBSOLETUS, A NEW MESOSTIG- 
MATIC MITE FROM SMALL MAMMALS OF THE 
WESTERN UNITED STATES (ACARINA) 


By E. W. JAMESON, JR. 
Division of Zoology, University of California, 
Davis 


In this paper is described a new species of Huirstvonyssus 
Fonseca from western United States. Ichoronyssus hubbardi 
Jameson and Liponyssus occidentalis Ewing are allocated to 
Hirstionyssus, and a key to the females of the Nearctic species 
is given. The relationship of Neoichoronyssus Fonseca, 1941 
and Hirtionyssus Fonseca, 1948 is discussed. 


Fonseca specified (1948: 266) that the males of Hirstionyssus possess 
an undivided holoventral plate. Although the male of Ichoronyssus hub- 
bardi has a separate anal plate, the coxal spurs, the genito-ventral plate 
with a single pair of setae, and the general facies indicate that hubbardi 
is closely allied to the species of Hirstionyssus. A cotype of Liponyssus 
occidentalis Ewing likewise has the above characters, and it also belongs 
to Hirstionyssus; occidentalis is closely related to the genotype of 
Hirstionyssus, Dermanyssus arcuatus Koch, 1839. 

Key to the females of Nearctic species of Hirstionyssus 


A. Some of the coxal spurs bifid and some setigerous _—________--- B 
Coxal spurs acutely pointed, rounded, or truncate, but not bifid 
SESE SPRERIUS NE TENGE OFISY feo gt ee er en re arse ee Oe hs A Re aes C 


B. Peritreme extending to coxa I; coxa I with two spurs; genito- 
ventral plate narrowed posteriorly 
dentipes (Strandtmann & Eads) 
Peritreme not extending forward of coxa III; coxa I with one 
spur; genito-ventral plate broadly rounded posteriorly 
hubbardi (Jameson) 


C. Coxa II with a conspicuous caudo-dorsal spur or knob 
geomydis (Keegan) 
Coxa IT rounded on the caudo-dorsal margin _...... D 
D. Tarsus II with two stout ventral spines or setae; genito-ventral 
plate separated from the anal plate by a distance equal to at 
feast bal thevicnathoetsthe atten) Ai. def ou ity we ae a pe E 
Tarsus II without modified setae; genito-ventral plate separated 
from the anal plate by a distance not greater than the length 
of the anus (except in engorged specimens) ; ventral coxal spurs 
much reduced, and rounded: 202th obsoletus, n. sp. 


6—Proc. Bron. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (32) 


APR 2 8 1959 


32 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


E. Length of the sternal plate (along the median line) about one- 
third the distance between the first pair of sternal setae 
occidentalis (Ewing) 
Length of the sternal plate (along the median line) one-half 
to two-thirds the distance between the first pair of sternal 
(61 21s eat legal eat DeaU per Tan One MUNN NA cat radon Pa nny ROC ORAUAUCS MURS wae Ea fe. F 
F. Ventral spurs on coxae Ii and III blunt in outline 
occidentalis (Ewing ) 
Ventral spurs on coxae II and III acutely pointed .. carnifex (Koch) 


Hirstionyssus obsoletus, n. sp. 


Dorsum (fig. 1, D): Dorsal plate in one piece, almost completely 
covering the dorsum, with slightly undulating anterior margin, rounded 
posteriorly; armed with about 29 pairs of slender setae, tending to be 
heavier anteriorly. A pair of slit-like pores near the anterior margin, 
and 13 pairs of circular pores placed as illustrated. 

Peritreme extending from coxa IV to coxa I; peritremalia extending 
posteriorly about twice the diameter of the stigma, and apparently con- 
nected to coxa IV. 

Venter (fig. 1, A): Sternal plate about four times as wide as long, 
concave caudally, bearing three pairs of slender setae, each setae slightly 
longer than the length of the sternal plate. Genito-ventral plate long, 
rounded caudally, bearing a single pair of setae.. Genito-ventral plate 
separated from the anal plate by a distance not greater than the length 
of the anus in unengorged specimens. Anal plate ovoid; adanal setae 
slightly smaller than the postanal seta. Soft parts of venter with about 
19 pairs of slender setae. 

Legs: Coxa I with a ventral and a marginal seta. Coxa II with two 
slender setae on the margin, an acute cephalo-dorsal spur, and a small, 
blunt ventral spur. Coxa III with a marginal and a submarginal seta, 
and two small, ventral spurs, the more mesal being rounded. Coxa IV 
with a submarginal seta, and no ventral marginal spur; margin fim- 
briated (fig. 1, C). Tarsus II without modified setae. 

Gnathosoma (fig. 1, B): Chelicerae shear-like, fixed arm slightly 
longer than the movable arm. Four pairs of hypostomal setae, relative 
size and position as illustrated. Hypostomal teeth alternately and in 
two rows at the base, converging to one row distally; about 15 teeth 
in all. Epistome narrow distally, apex with 2-4 teeth. 

Types: Holotype female and 22 paratype females; holotype and 10 
paratypes deposited with the U. S. National Museum. 

Collection data: California: Plumas County, 4 miles east of Quincy; 
10 March 1949; from a long-tailed shrew, Sorex trowbridgw Baird. 

The ‘‘true host’’ appears to be Sorex trowbridgii, but this mite 
occurs on the shrew-mole (Neurotrichus gibbsti (Baird), the deer mouse 
(Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner)), and the red-backed vole 
(Clethrionomys californicus (Merriam) ). The records from rodents sug- 
gest a poorly developed host specificity for H. obsoletus. However, these 
mice are parasitized by other species of Hirstionyssus, and specimens of 
obsoletus on rodents may be strays from insectivores. 

The relationship of Neoichoronyssus Fonseca, 1941 and Hirstionyssus 
Fonseca, 1948. 

The genus Neoichoronyssus was erected for Liponyssus wernecki 
Fonseca, 1935, a parasite of opossums (Didelphiidae). Neoichoronyssus 


Jameson, Jr—A New Mesostigmatic Mite 33 


was characterized (Fonseca, op. cit.: 269) as possessing two pairs of 
setae on the sternal plate, the genital plate of the female pointed pos- 
teriorly and bearing a single pair of setae, and a ventral spine on coxa 
I. Specimens of N. wernecki taken from Didelphis virginiana (Green- 
wood County, Kansas) agree quite well with the description except 
with regard to the sternal setae. In one specimen (cleared in potassium 
hydroxide) the projections of the sternal plate which normally bear the 
thord pair of setae are barely perceptible; and in other specimens of the 
same series (cleared in polyvinyl alcohol) the sternal plate bears three 
pairs of setae. There appears to be individual variation, or a difference 
due to the method of preparation. In other respects N. wernecki pos- 
sesses the generic characters of MHirstionyssus. The synonymy of 
Hirstionyssus under Neoichoronyssus is not urged here in view of the 
likelihood of a still earlier generic name for this group of species. 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


I wish to thank Dr. E. W. Baker for the loan of a cotype of 
Liponyssus occidentalis Ewing; Dr. R. W. Strandtmann for checking the 
key; Dr C. D. Radford for the loan of a paratype of Hirstionyssus 
cynomys (Radford); and Dr. Claude W. Hibbard for specimens of 
Neoichoronyssus wernecki (Fonseca). 


LITERATURE CITED 


Fonseca, Flavio da 1948. A monograph of the genera and species of 
Macronyssidae Oudemans, 1936 (synom.: Liponyssidae Vitzthum, 
1931) (Aeari). Proc. Zool. Soe. London 118. 249-334. 


PLATE III PROC. BIOL. SOC, WASH., VOL.63 


Plate III. Female of Hirstionyssus obsoletus, n. sp. A, ventral; B, 
gnathosoma; C, coxa IV (ventral); D, dorsal. 


[34] 


hall ellie “al Pe vs 
MAY 2- 


Vol. 63, pp. 35-42 Fy y wal 


Uy April 26, 1950 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME APHIDIDAE FROM CAREX. 
By F. C. Hortrss 


The species described here were collected while sweeping 
Carex in several regions of Colorado. 


Aphis tahasa, new species 


Alate viviparous female. 

Size and general color.—Average length from vertex to tip of anal 
plate 1.56 mm. Range in length from 1.50-1.71 mm. Head and thorax 
brown, thoracic lobes with dusky margins. Abdomen pale green with 
small lateral dusky spots. Region just posterior to origin of cornicles 
dusky as is the region just anterior to cauda. Cornicles, cauda and anal 
plate dusky. Base of third antennal segment pale remainder of antenna 
dusky. Proximal region of femora pale remaining portion dusky. Tibiae 
pale dusky with region near apex darker and concolorous with tarsi. 

Head and appendages.—Proportional lengths of antennal segments as 
follows: III .31-.39 mm, IV .15-.27 mm, each length represented by one 
case, most common length .19 mm., V. .18-.24 mm., VI .08-.1 + .34-.50 
mm., as a rule the terminal process is not more than .40 mm. Secondary 
sensoria distributed as follows: III 10-15 most common number 10-12. 
On this segment the sensoria are arranged in a straight row, but it is 
common for one or two sensoria not to be so arranged. Frequently two 
sensoria are more or less united. The sensoria vary in size, have wide 
rims and may be irregular in shape. Segment four as a rule has no 
sensoria but may have as many as two. All antennal segments are im- 
bricated. Antennal hair is very spruce and very short and fine. The 
rostrum in most cases fails to reach the mesothoracic pair of coxae by a 
considerable distance, the terminal segment is rather short and thick. 
The antennal tubercles are unusually well developed for an Aphis and 
are as a rule provided with a fine short hair. The anterior margin of 
the head has a well developed tubercle, accessory tubercles characteristic 
of apterous viviparous females absent. j 

Thorax and appendages.—The prothorax is provided with a pair of 
small lateral tubercles. The stigma is rather narrow, and its surface is 
seale-like, its ventral border is much darker. The radial sector is rather 
narrow and only moderately bowed. The second branch of the media is 
very close to the margin of the wing, in fact it may be so close to the 
margin that it sometimes is lacking in one wing, or only represented 
by a shadow. None of the veins reach the margin of the wing. 

The hair on the tibia are shorter than the width of the tibia. 

Abdomen.—The cornicles vary in length form .14-.21 mm. They are 
somewhat suggestive at times of the cornicles of Rhopalosiphuir pruni- 
foliae (Fitch) for the most part they are less curved and the neck is not 
as well developed. The surface of the cornicles is poorly imbricated, and 
the rim is weakly developed. The hair on the abdomen is very sparse. 


7—Proo. Biou. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (35) 


APR 2 8 1959 


36 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


The entire surface of the abdomen is finely setulose, this condition is 
best seen on the dusky areas and on well cleared specimens. The setulae 
are arranged in short irregular rows which form a sort of net over the 
surface of the body. The anal plate is rounded and not very deep. The 
eauda is slightly constricted if at all and carries two to three hair on a 
side, its surface like that of the anal plate is setulose. 

Apterous viviparous female. 

Size and general color.—Length from vertex to tip of anal plate 1.70- 
2.02 mm. As a rule considerably longer than the minimum length given 
here. Head thorax and abdomen apple green with the anterior and 
lateral margins of head more or less dusky. First antennal segment 
much darker inwardly, remaining segments of the antennae dusky. Legs 
cornicles and cauda similar to those of Alate viviparous female. 

Head and appendages.—Comparative length of antennal segments as 
follows: IIT .31-.39 mm., IV .15-.27 mm., as a rule about .20 mm., V .18- 
.24 mm., as a rule as long or slightly longer than IV, VI .08-.1 + .34-.50 
mim., as a rule Jess than .40. There are no secondary sensoria. The ros- 
trum is short and fails to reach the mesothoracic pair of coxae. The 
first antennal segment is rather rough on the median portion and is pro- 
vided with a few short fine hair. The anterior margin of the head is 
broadly rounded, the raised portion with two short and fine hair. Arising 
from the ventral portion of the head in the region of the antennal tuber- 
cles there are two small accessory tubercles. These are as a rule directed 
inwardly. These tubercles carry one short hair each. The accessory 
tubercles are apt to be overlooked, but are constant and very charac- 
teristic. : 

Thorax and abdomen.—The hair on the tibiae is short, that at the 
base of the tibia being from one third to one half the width of the tibia 
at that point, the hair at or near the apex being no longer than the 
width of the tibia and most often considerably less than the width of 
the tibia in length. The cornicles measure from .17-.22 mm. in length, 
they are apt to have a slight neck near the apex and to be very slightly 
swollen just anterior to this. The cauda is about .14 mm. in length. 
It is slightly constricted and carries two inwardly bent hairs on a side. 
The surface of the abdomen is finely setulose. 

Despite the fact that this species is being placed in a different genus 
than the species described by Gillette and Palmer as Toxoptera viridt- 
rubra I think the two species have much in common, the accessory tuber- 
eles are much alike, they have a common host, although I have never 
collected the two species together. The cornicles of tahasa are not as long 
or dark as those of viridi-rubua the cauda is less constricted. The alate 
of tahasa has fewer sensoria on IV and none on V. However the most 
conspicious difference to me les in the character of the hair found on 
the tibiae. The hair in viridi-rubra being long and almost suggestive of 
that found in the genus Cinara. 

This species was collected by sweeping Carex sp. It was taken at 
Gateway, Colo., Skyway, Colo., Creede, Colo., and Pagosa Springs, Colo. 
Only at Pagosa Springs was the population of the species large enough 
to locate without sweeping. At Skyway and also at Gateway this species 
was associated with another species suggestive of R. prunifoliae (Fitch) 
which has not been recorded from Carex. For this reason and because 
of other structural differences the species has not been definitely deter- 
mined as prunifoliae. 


Hottes—Descriptions of Aphididae from Carex 37 


Holotype: apterous vivipatrous female Creede, Colo. Aug. 14, 1949. 
Morphotype alate viviparous female Creede, Colo. Aug. 14, 1949. Both 
types deposited in United States National Museum. 


Macrosiphum oljatae, new species 


Alate viviparous female. 

Size and general color.—Length from vertex te tip of anal plate 2.47 
mm. Head dusky brown. Prothorax light dusky green, with lateral por- 
tions more dusky. Meso and metathorax green with lobes and lateral 
portions dusky brown. Abdomen pale green with dusky lateral spots, 
dorsum of abdomen with dusky spots of variable size arranged in trans- 
verse rows, the median spots being smallest. Cornicles dusky black with 
a dusky patch just anterior to point of origin on abdomen. Anal plate 
dusky. Cauda greenish with the proximal portion darkest, and rather 
dusky. Femora with basal portion greenish remaining portion brown. 
Tibiae except for apical portion light dusky yellow. Stigma dusky, veins 
light dusky very lightly bordered. 

Head and appendages.—Length of antennal segments as follows: 
IIT .715 mm., IV .54 mm., V .40 mm., VI .12 mm. Secondary sensoria 
confined to third antennal segment, arranged in a row numbering seven 
on one and ten on the other antenna. Antennal segment III smooth ex- 
cept for apex, segments IV, V and VI moderately imbricated. Antennal 
hair very sparse, that on III very short and dull tipped, hair on remain- 
ing segments somewhat longer and sharp pointed. Rostrum short, not 
reaching midway between pro and mesothoracic coxae. Anterior margin 
of head rounded. Antennal tubercles only moderately well developed. 

Thorax and abdomen.—Hair an tibiae spine-like. Hair an inside tibiae 
more spine-like than that on outside. Hair at apex of tibiae quite re- 
cumbent, and no more abundant or longer than elsewhere. Surface of 
stigma very scale-like. Radial sector much bowed. Second branch of 
media about midway between first branch and margin of wing. No 
veins reach the margin of the wing. Much of the surface of the wing is 
rough and scale-like. This is particularly true of the area near the 
margin. 

The hair on the abdomen is exceedingly sparse, short and somewhat 
spine-like. Segment anterior to cornicles with a small lateral tubercle, 
posterior to the cornicles there is a similar tubercle. Dusky areas of 
abdomen very finely setulose. Anal plate rather narrow but deep ex- 
tending to constricted portioon of cauda. Cauda .23 mm. long, setulose 
with four long inwardly curved hair laterally. Cornicles .43 mm. long 
with apical third reticulated, remainder of cornicle much imbricated. 
The sides of the ecornicles are almost straight being only slightly re- 
duced in width about the origin of the reticulated area. The rim of 
the cornicles is poorly developed. 

Apterous viviparous female. 

Size and general color—Length from vertex to tip of anal plate 1.72- 
2.86 mm. Average length 2.30 mm. Head thorax and abdomen light 
green. Anterior margin of head and antennal tubercles light dusky. 
Dorsum of thorax with three light dusky stripes. Region just anterior to 
cornicles with two pale dusky spots, region posterior to cornicles more 
or less dusky. Dusky spots on the dorsum of the abdomen are rare. 
Antenna pale brown to dusky the segments being darker at apex. Legs 
cornicles and cauda as in the alate viviparous female. 


38 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Head and appendages—Comparative lengths of antennal segments as 
follows: III .643-.715 mm., IV .39-.49 mm., V .31-.85 mm., VI .11-.12 + 
.59-.70 mm. Secondary sensoria either one or absent near base of III, 
always small when present. Third segment very smooth, remaining seg- 
ments moderately imbricated. Anterior margin of head moderately con- 
vex, with two hair. Antennal tubercles low. Rostrum short failing to reach 
coxae of mesothoracie pair of legs. 

Abdomen.—Cornicles .47-.64 mm. long. Reticulated portion of cornicles 
varying in length from .11-.14 mm. Anal plate and cauda as in alate 
viviparous female. Surface of abdomen very finely setulose. This con- 
dition is difficult to determine except in very clear specimens. The 
setulae are arranged in irregular rows. The cauda varies from .33-.49 
mm. in length. 

I have not seen specimens of Macrosiphum caricis described by Glen- 
dening in 1926. Macrosiphum oljatae differs from the description of 
caricis in the following respects: In the alate the sensoria are not con- 
fined to the basal 34 of segment, cornicles distinctly shorter than third 
antennal segment, more than one eighth of cornicle reticulated. 

Holotype taken by sweeping Carex sp. near Skyway, Colorado, Sept. 
19, 1949. Morphotype taken by sweeping Carex sp. near Creede, Colorado, 
Aug. 14, 1949. Paratypes taken at Skyway, Colorado, Aug. 2, Sept. 19, 
1949. Type slides deposited in the United States National Museum. 
Specimens of this species are so sparce in population that they have 
not been observed on the host mentioned. The very short rostrum indi- 
cated strongly that the aphid and plant are correctly associated. 


Utamphorophora timpanogos Knowlton. 


Apterous viviparous female. 

Size and general color.—Described from two specimens. Length from 
vertex to tip of anal plate 1.72-1.92 mm. Width of head through the 
eyes .386-.471 mm. Head light green with anterior margin and tubercles 
slightly dusky. Thorax and abdomen light apple-green. First antennal 
segment light dusky, with median portion darkest. Second antennal seg- 
ment pale dusky. Third antennal segment shading from pale dusky at 
the base to light brown at the apex. Remaining antennal segments uni- 
form dusky brown. Last two segments of rostum dusky brown, remain- 
ing segments pale green. Femora pale greenish near base shading to 
light dusky at the apex, darkest on the dorsum. Tibiae pale dusky 
except for apical portion which is brown to dusky brown. Tarsi dusky 
brown. Cornicles pale dusky, cauda the same. 

Head and appendages.—Comparative length of antennal segments as 
follows: III .47-.67 mm., IV .29-.40 mm., V .26-.33 mm., VI .10-.14 + 
.o7 mm. First antennal segment with median portion rather rough. 
Third, fourth, fifth and sixth antennal segments imbricated. Third an- 
tennal segment with two to three small circular sensoria near the base. 
Hair on antennae very sparce, fine and exceedingly short. Antennal 
tubercles characteristic of genus, strongly bent inwardly and provided 
with two short fine hair. Anterior portion of head convex, the convex 
portion provided with two fine short hair. Rostrum short, just reaching 
coxae of mesothoracie pair of legs. | 

Thorax and abdomen.—Tibiae with hair on outer portion very short, 
hair on inner portion langer and thicker. Hair at apex of tibiae very 
little longer than elsewhere and not more abundant. Tarsi short. Corni- 


Hottes—Descriptions of Aphididae from Carex 39 


eles .429 mm. long. Outer margin of cornicles almost straight, inner 
margin of cornicles considerably curved. Surface of cornicles weakly 
imbricated. Anal plate rounded very little wider than base of cauda, 
provided with a few marginal hair. Cauda weakly constricted .214 mm. 
in length provided with two lateral hair and one near the apex on the 
dorsum. The surface of the cauda is setulose. 

The specimens here described were collected by sweeping Carex sp. 
Skyway, Colorado, on July 26, and August 9, 1949, one specimen being 
taken on each date. Dr. Knowlton in his original description of Utam- 
phorophora timpanogos records the host as Monarda (?). I have no 
proof that the host questioned by Dr. Knowlton is not correct for I did 
not see them on Carex. That Carex is the true host is strongly indicated 
by the very short rostrum and the rather dull terminal segment of the 
same. 

Morphotype apterous viviparous female Skyway, Colorado July 26, 
1949, deposited in the United States National Museum. 


40 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Hottes—Descriptions of Aphididae from Carex 4] 


42 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


‘iil OY 
MAY 2 ~ 1959 


“ATIONAL mused 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


Vol. 63, pp. 43-50 April 26, 1950 


THREE NEW SUBSPECIES OF BIRDS FROM VENEZUELA 
By WILLIAM H. PHELPS AND WILLIAM H. PHELPS, JR. 


Study of new material in our collection shows the following 
forms to be worthy of recognition. 

The specimens listed are in the Phelps Collection, Caracas, 
unless otherwise specified. 

Names of colors are capitalized when direct comparison has 
been made with Ridgway’s ‘‘Color Standards and Color 
Nomenclature. ’’ 


Lepidocolaptes souleyetii uaireni, new subspecies 


Type: From Hato Santa Teresa, Rio Uairén, Bolivar; altitude 940 
meters. No. 44583, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult female 
eollected June 19, 1948, by Manuel Castro. (Type on deposit at the 
American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from littoralis by being darker below; the stripes 
are blacker, less brownish; the brown edges of the feathers are more 
olivaceous, less yellowish; the center stripes are whitish instead of buffy. 
The back is darker, browner, less yellowish and the crown stripes are 
narrower and whiter. Differs from lineaticeps by being darker both 
above and below and by a whitish throat instead of buffy, and from all 
other races of souleyetii by longer and narrower crown stripes. 

Range: Known only from the type locality. 

Description of Type: Top of head Raw Umber X Prout’s Brown; 
feathers with long, narrow whitish streaks; back Antique Brown X 
Argus Brown, the feathers of nape with long, narrow, faint whitish 
streaks; uropygium Hazel; sides of head with wide whitish stripes and 
narrower dusky ones; chin and fore-throat whitish with a tinge of 
buffy; feathers of posterior throat edged with brownish; breast and 
rest of under parts Buffy Brown X Snuff Brown, the feathers broadly 
striped with buffy whitish and narrowly with blackish, these stripes being 
most prominent in breast, gradually becoming narrower and more indis- 
tinet posteriorly; remiges Hazel X Auburn, very narrowly and faintly 
edged externally with grayish; inner vanes of primaries and secondaries 
tipped with dusky, progressively and more extensively outwardly; upper 
wing-coverts Snuff Brown X Saccardo’s Umber; bend of wing whitish; 
under wing-coverts Cinnamon; tail paler than Auburn, lighter on under 
surface. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black, base orange’’; feet ‘‘gray’’; iris ‘‘brown.’’ 
Wing, 85 mm; tail, 72; exposed culmen, 26; culmen from base, 29; 
tarsus, 16. 

Remarks: Sexes alike in coloration but the females have shorter wings 
and tails. Size similar to littoralis. Range of measurements: Three 


8—Prooc. Bion. Soc. WAsH., Vou. 63, 1950 (43) 


APR 2 81950 


44 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


adult males—wing, 92-93 (92.7) mm; tail, 77-83 (79.7); culmen from 
base, 29.30 (29.3); five adult females—wing, 82-87 (84.4); tail, 60-72 
(69.6); culmen from base, 29-30 (29.8). Measurements of littoralis 
(from the northeast coast of Venevuela) ; five adult males—wing, 83-90 
(86.8) ; tail, 74-83 (78.8); culmen from base, 28-30 (29); five adult fe- 
males—wing, 81-85 (82.6); tail, 69-77 (73); culmen from base, 28-31 
(31.6). 

We have no intermediates. Our large series of littoralis from south 
of the Orinoco shows no approach to the new form. Even our series of 
10 specimens from La Paragua and Cerro Tigre, only 215 miles to the 
northwest of Hato Santa Teresa, are similar to nearly topotypical 
littoralis from the northeast coast. The specimens in the American Mu- 
seum from Frechal and Limao on the Cotinga River in Brazil are inter- 
mediates but closer to littoralis. 


Specimens Examined 


L. 8. souleyetii— PERU: 271. ECUADOR: 91, 

L. s. esmeraldae.-—ECUADOR: 231. WESTERN COLOMBIA!; Tu 
maco, 1 9,1 (?); Barbacoas, 2 6,1 9,1 juv. 

L. 8. lineaticeps—COLOMBIA!: Honda, 1 9, 1 juv.; Cali, 1 (#); 
Puerto Valdivia, 1 ¢; Rio Frio, 1 ¢; Caquet4é, 1 ¢; Buena Vista, 1 Q; 
Villavicencio, 1 6, 1 9, 1 (2); ‘‘Bogot4’’, 6 (?). EASTERN PAN- 
AMA!: El Real, 1 ¢, 1 9; Tapaliza, 1 9; ‘‘Panama’’, 1 ¢,1 Q. 
VENEZUELA: Bramén, 2 6, 2 9; La Fria, 1 6, 1 (?); Seboruco, 
1 6; Santa Cruz de Mora, 1 ¢,1 2; Santo Domingo, 1 ¢,3 92; Santa 
B&rbara, Barinas, 3 6,1 9. 

L. 8s. littoralis—VENEZUELA: La Sabana, 1 9; La Sierra, 2 ¢, 
1 9; Machiques, 1 ¢; Santa Rosalia, Perijé, 1 6, 1 9; Los Caijitos, 
1 @; Cerro El Cogollal, 1 (%); Cerro El Cerrén, 1 (?%); Bucearal, 
1 (%); Nirgua, 2 ¢,2 9,1 (%); Urama, 4 ¢,1 23; Colonia Chirgua, 
1 (%); Ocumare del Tuy, 1 9; Cerro Negro, Miranda, 1 ¢; Hda. San- 
ta Clara, Carabobo, 1 9; San José de Los Caracas, 1 ¢, 1 9; Arica- 
gua, 1 2; Carenero, 2 9; Rio Chico, 1 9; Barcelona, 3 6,1 9,1 (%); 
Los Altos, 3 ¢, 2 9; Caripe, 1 (%); San Antonio del Golfo, 1 (1%); 
Yaguaraparo, 1 ¢@; Bergantin, 1 9; Quebrada Bonita, 3 ¢, 2 2; 
Crist6bal Colén, 1 ¢, 1 (?); Barinitas, 1 ¢, 1 9; Altamira, Barinas, 
2 ¢,1 92; Guanare, 1 (?); La Veguita, 1 ¢, 1 9; El Badal, 1 9; 
Acarigua, 1 9, 3 (?); Turén, 1 9; Palenque, 2 ¢; El Socorro, 1 2; 
San Mateo, 1 9; Altagracia de Orituco, 4 6,3 2, 3 (?); Santa Maria 
de Ipire, 1 6, 2 9, 2 (?#); Pariaguan, 1 6; Quiribana de Caicaral, 
26,2 2; Caicara, 1 6,3 $1; Raudal Alto, Rio Cuchivero, 1 ¢ ; Cafio 
Guaniamo, 1 6; Cerro El Negro, 1 2; Cascabel, 1 61; El Cambur, 1 ¢, 
1 (%); Ciudad Bolivar, 1 91; La Paragua, 3 6, 3 9, 2 (%); Cerro 
Tigre, 1 6, 1 9; Cerro Tomastote, 2 9. BRAZIL}: Limao, Rio Co- 
tinga, 1 6,1 9; Brechal, Rio Surumt, 4 ¢,1 @. 

UOPEEB uaireni,—-VENEZUELA: Hato Santa Teresa, Rio Uairén, 3 3}, 
a2. 

L. s. compressus1.—COSTA RICA: 25. W. PANAMA: 7. NICARA- 
GUA: 11. 

L. s. insignis! GUATEMALA: 35. NICARAGUA: 2. 


ee 


1Specimens in the American Museum of Natural History. 


Phelps and Phelps, Jr—New Subspecies of Birds = 45 


Diglossa duidae parui, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Para, Terr. Amazonas, Venezuela; altitude 1650 
meters. No. 46933, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male 
collected February 16, 1949, by William H. Phelps, Jr. (Type on de- 
posit at the American Museum of Natural History.) 


Diagnosis: Differs from D. d. duwidae by less prominent spotting on 
under parts; from D. d. hitchcocki by a paler throat, more bluish, less 
blackish, and by lacking the whitish edges on the under tail-coverts. 


Range: Known only from Cerro Parti in the Subtropical Zone at 
altitudes from 1600 to 1700 meters. 


Description of Type: Back black with bluish sheen, top of head 
darker, merging into the Deep Neutral Gray of upper tail-coverts; sides 
of head dusky; chin dusky merging into the Dark Neutral Gray of 
breast which in turn merges into the Neutral Gray of sides, flanks, 
thighs and under tail-coverts; posterior breast and anterior abdomen 
mottled with grayish; abdomen and edges of under tail-coverts more 
whitish; wings Fuscous-Black; primaries and secondaries very narrowly 
edged with pale bluish, the tertials more broadly; inner webs of remiges 
basally more grayish; upper wing-coverts tipped and edged terminally 
with pale blue; under wing-coverts and axillaries grayish; tail Fuscous- 
Black, the rectrices, except outermost pair, edged externally with pale 
bluish. : 


Bill (in life) ‘‘black’’; base of maxilla ‘‘gray’’; feet ‘‘dark brown’’; 
iris ‘‘brown.’’ Wing, 70 mm; tail, 53; exposed culmen, 12; culmen 
from base, 16; tarsus, 22. 


Remarks: Sexes alike in coloration, but females have shorter wings. 
Size similar to duidae. Range of measurements: five adult males—wing, 
70-72 (70.6) mm; tail, 52-57 (55); eulmen from base, 15-16 (15.6); 
five females (4 with white tips on greater wing-coverts)—wing, 64-66 
(65); tail, 51-55 (52); eulmen from base, 16-17 (16.4). Measurements 
of D. d. duidae: three adult males—wing, 71-72 (71.7); tail, 55-58 
(56.6) ; culmen from base, 16-16 (15.6); two adult females—wing, 67, 
71 (69); tail (1), 55; culmen from base (1), 16. 

The immature specimens have the tips of the greater upper wing- 
coverts, and occasionally indications on the tips of the median coverts, 
whitish; the whitish mottling on the under parts is less prominent and 
the color, both above and below, is more dusky, less bluish. 

Twenty of our 35 specimens have no white tips on the greater upper 
wing-coverts as against 34 of the 64 in the series of duidae in the Ameri- 
can Museum of Natural History, 12 of the 30 hitchcocki in our collec- 
tion from Cerro Yavi and only 2 of the 16 from Cerro Paraque. Thus 
the percentages collected of presumably adults are: Cerro Pari, 57%; 
Cerro Duida, 53%; Cerro Yavi, 40%; Cerro Paraque, 12%. 

Many of the specimens of the new form have not completed the moult, 
while others have done so, and a few seem not to have commenced it. 
The duidae specimens in our collection have worn plumage; they were 
collected at the beginning of January. Our hitchcocki from Mts. Yavi 
and Paraque were collected at the end of February and the first days 
of March and during the middle of February, respectively. 

The new form was collected during the middle of February. We had 


46 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


presumed? that the white wing-coverts markings were a sign of im- 
maturity. Now we consider it a fact as ten specimens of the new race 
which have the wing spots also have a recognizably different color. The 
pattern of the under parts is also differaent. Why, out of 16 specimens 
eollected on Cerro Paraque, only 2 were adults, is puzzling. 


Specimens Examined 


D. d. duidae-—VENEZUELA: Cerro Duida, 3 ¢, 2 9,1 2 imm.; 
Cerro Duidal, 64. 

D. d. parui—VENEZUELA: Cerro Paré, 14 ¢, 10 9, 4 $ imm,, 
3 (%) imm. 


Atlapetes personatus parui, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Part, Terr. Amazonas, Venezuela; altitude 1200 
meters. No. 47015, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male 
collected February 18, 1949, by Manuel Castro. (Type on deposit at the 
American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from A. p. duidae, from Mts. Duida and Guai- 
quinima, by darker chestnut head and breast; from the other subspecies 
of personatus it differs greatly by the greater extension of chestnut on 
the throat and breast. 

Range: Known only from Cerro Para in the Subtropical Zone at alti- 
tudes from 1200 to 1650 meters. 

Description of Type: Top of head and nape of Chestnut X Bay; back 
and uropygium biack, a few feathers of lower rump fringed with yel- 
lowish green; sides of head uniform with crown, the color merging into 
the slightly paler throat and breast; chin, throat and breast Auburn 
X Chestnut; lower breast and abdomen Lemon Chrome, merging into 
the dusky olivaceous sides, flanks and axillaries; thighs dusky; under 
tail-coverts dusky olivaceous, edged with greenish yellow; wings Fus- 
cous-Black; outer vanes of primaries faintly edged with grayish and 
the outermost narrowly edged with white except towards the tip; bend 
of wing yellowish white; edge of inner vanes of remiges pale grayish 
basally; under wing-coverts grayish, edged with whitish; tail black. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black’’; feet ‘‘gray’’; iris ‘‘brown’’. Wing, 79 mm; 
tail, 79; exposed culmen, 14; culmen from base, 18; tarsus, 27. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Size similar to duidae. Range of measure- 
ments: five adult males—wing, 76-80 (78.6) mm; tail, 77-83 (79.4); 
culmen from base, 17-18 (17.4); five adult females—wing, 72-75 (73.4) ; 
tail, 75-77 (75.6); culmen from base, 16-18 (17). Measurements of 
dudae from Mt. Duidal: five adult males—wing, 77-80 (79.2); tail, 79- 
88 (81.8); culmen from base, 16-17 (16.8); three adult females—wing, 
74-83 (76.2); tail, 70-79 (75.2); cumen from base, 17-17 (17). 

Two immature specimens have a trace of yellowish on the chin, the 
back, and wing-coverts are washed with brownish and the crown and 
nape are dark olivaceous with indications of chestnut. 

The yellowish fringe at the base of the rump on the type is a vari- 
able character and is entirely absent'-on many specimens. The gonads 
of the adults in the series from Cerro Part are in breeding condition. 


*Phelps y Phelps, Jr. ‘‘Descripciédn de Seis Aves Nuevas de Venezuela y Notas 
sobre Veintncuatro Adiciones a la Avifauna del Brasil.’’ Bol. Soc. Ben. Cien. 
Nat., No. 71, p. 70, 1947. 


Phelps and Phelps, Jr—New Subspecies of Birds 47 


Specimens Examined 


A. p. personatus— VENEZUELA: Cerro Roraima, 6 ¢,2 9, 2 (%); 
Cerro Ptari-tepui, 8 6,9 92,5 (%); Cerro Sororop4n-tepui, 2 9; Cerro 
Chimant&é-tepui, 13 ¢, 13 9, 2 (#); Cerro Aprada-tepui, 6 ¢, 4 9, 
1 (%); Cerro Acopén-tepui, 4 $,1 9,1 (7). 

A. p. collaris—VENEZUELA:Cerro Auyan-tepui, 1 9. 

A. p. duidae—VENEZUELA: Cerro Duida, 1 6,7 61,1 2,3 9}, 
1 (%)1; Cerro Guiaquinima, 9 $,10 9,5 (?). 

A. p. parui—VENEZUELA: Cerro Parf, 11 ¢ (incl. type), 11 9°, 
1 2 juv., 1 juv. (%). 

A. p. paraquensis—VENEZUELA: Cerro Paraque, 9 ¢ (incl. type), 
BY Os ae (2) 


PLATE IV PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL.63 


. 

re 
® 
x} 
° 


ea att 
sited » 
Mtge vecae © 
i . 


9 sO 0 20 JOO KILOMETROS 
a 50 100 200 MILLAS 


Curves de ave! an metros 


PLATE IV. 
List or LOCALITIES 

10 Acarigua 29 Los Altos 
53 Acopan-tepui, Cerro 2 Los Canitos 
21 Altagracia de Orituco 2 Machiques 

5 Altamira (Barinas) 20 Negro, Cerro (Miranda) 
50 Aprada-tepui, Cerro 8 Nirgua 
17 Aricagua 19 Ocumare del Tuy 
49 Auy4n-tepui, Cerro 37 Palenque 

26 Barcelona 43 Paraque, Cerro (= C. Sipapo) 
5 Barinitas 24 Pariaguan 

27 Bergantin 44 Par4d, Cerro 

7 Buearal 52 Ptari-tepui, Cerro 

38 Caicara 28 Quebrada Bonita 

18 Carenero 38 Quiribana de Caicara 

31 Caripe 41 Raudal Alto (Rio Cuchivero) 
39 Cascabel, Isla 55 Roraima, Cerro 


[48] 


Phelps and Phelps, Jr—New Subspecies of Birds 49 


Chimanta-tepui, Cerro 


Ciudad Bolivar 
Colonia Chirgua 
Crist6bal Colén 
Duida, Cerro 

El Bail 


36 El Cambur 


4 


El Cerrén, Cerro 
El Cogollal, Cerro 
El Negro, Cerro 
El Socorro 
Guaiquinima, Cerro 
Guanare 
Guaniamo, Caifio 
La Paragua 

La Sabana 

La Sierra 

La Veguita 


San Antonio del Golfo 

San José de Los Caracas 

San Mateo (Anzodtegui) 

Santa Clara, Hacienda (Cara- 
bobo) 

Santa Maria de Opire 

Santa Rosalia (Perij4) 

Santa Teresa, Hato (Rio Uai- 
rén) 

Sipapo, Cerro 

Sororopan-tepui, Cerro 

Tigre, Cerro 

Tomasote, Cerro 

Turén 

Urama 

Yaguaraparo 

Yavi, Cerro 


50 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


we ey 


MAY @= 1959 


Vol. 63, pp. 51-58 April 26, 1950 


} 
“4TionaL must’ 


OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


ANOTHER NEOTENIC EURYCEA FROM THE 
EDWARDS PLATEAU 


By W. LEsLig BurGcer,* Hopart M, SMITH* AND FLOYD E. Porrer, Jr.** 


Among the specimens of supposed Eurycea neotenes 
stained and cleared for comparison with Eurycea latitans 
prior to the description of the latter species, were 6 specimens 
from Fern Bank Spring, 6.3 miles northeast of Wimberley, 
Hays Co., Texas. Although 11 other specimens from the same 
collection were virtually indistinguishable in external mor- 
phological characters from topotypic Hurycea neotenes, the 
stained specimens revealed a number of osteological differences 
we regard as sufficiently marked and constant to warrant 
taxonomic recognition. 


Practical taxonomists may object to the use of any but external 
morphological characters in the diagnosis of species or subspecies. How- 
ever, natural populations may differ in internal anatomical, physiological, 
or cytological characters in addition to external morphological char- 
acters. If the biological concept of species is to be followed no alter- 
native remains but to recognize taxonomically any form which can be 
identified by objectively determinable characters. 

The Fern Bank species is undoubtedly a micropopulation of extremely 
limited geographic distribution, inhabiting an area perhaps no greater 
than 2500 square feet. This situation is not unlike that of EH. nana, 
known only from one spring pool, and £. latitans, known from only one 
eavern. E. neotenes may or may not eventually be considered to possess 
a restricted range similar to the other forms; specimens tentatively 
referred to this species, from several different localities, may upon more 
careful scrutiny (as in the present case) be found to possess localized 
differentiae warranting nomenclatorial recognition. Careful exploration 
of the entire area populated by the Euryceas of Texas, and detailed 
comparison of specimens from all localities, are prerequisite for an 
adequate understanding of the distribution and taxonomy of these 
salamanders. The problems involved receive the present attention of 
one of us (Potter). In the meantime we present the following descrip- 
tion of the Fern Bank species as an outgrowth of the original study of 
E. latitans. 

Eurycea pterophila,*** sp. nov. 

Holotype. Adult female, Floyd Potter Coll. No. A993, taken in the 

shallow stream flowing from Fern Bank Spring, 6.3 miles northeast of 


*Museum of Natural History, University of Illinois, Urbana. 
**Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin. 
***Fyom the Greek pteris, a fern, and philos, loving. 


§—Proo. Brou. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (51) 


APR 2 8 1950 


52 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Wimberley on the Blanco River road, Hays County, Texas, by Floyd E. 
Potter, Jr. on May 22, 1946. Paratypes. Ten (Floyd Potter Nos. A989- 
A992, A994-A999), all taken at the type locality at the same time as the 
holotype. Hypoparatypes. Six specimens (H. M. Smith Nos. G1, G3- 
G7), also from the same series, stained with alizarine red and cleared in 
glycerine. 

Diagnosis. Indistinguishable from Hwurycea neotenes in external 
morphology. This form is distinctive in several features of the skeleton: 
the irregularly Y-shaped posterior basibranchial; the single articulation 
of the last rib; tuberculum of penultimate rib approximately twice as 
long as capitulum but less than length of shaft of rib; phalanges 
irregularly reduced in number. 

Description of holotype. Head definitely flattened with only a very 
slight elevation in the interorbital region; eyes lidless, diameter .80 of . 
the interorbital distance and .63 of the snout length; nostrils near the 
upper lip at the angle of the rather truncate jaw, separated from each 
other by a distance about equal to the snout length; conspicuous creases 
from the eye to the corner of the mouth and from the corner of the 
mouth posterodorsal over the base of the gills. 

Three gills, fairly well developed, the largest reaching almost to the 
eye when adpressed anteriorly and to the elbow when both leg and gills 
are adpressed posteriorly; gills heavily pigmented, with 1-3 rows of 
dark brown chromatophores extending down the center of each of the 
filaments 3/4 or more of the total distance to the tip; gular fold 
curving slightly posteriorly on each side from the middle of the throat. 

Forelegs short, well-developed; fingers 1 - 2 - 4 - 3, in order of in- 
ereasing length; hind legs longer and stouter; toes 1 - 5 - 2 - 4 - 3, 
in order of increasing length. ; 

Costal grooves 16 (counting not more than one groove in either 
axilla or groin); 7 grooves between adpressed limbs; narrow yellowish 
strip of glandular tissue extending posteriorly along the midventral 
line from the anus 4/5 the length of the tail. 

Coloration in preservative finely mottled brown and yellow above, 
darkening somewhat laterally; top of head darkly mottled, the color 
fading posteriorly in the middle of the back except in a narrow, mid- 
dorsal area and along the costal grooves, which are darker; dorsal fin, 
which originates at a point above the base of the hind legs, bordered 
by a dull orange stripe extending 4/5 the length of the tail; mottled 
brown color extending down sides of tail and lightening only slightly 
before reaching the yellow glandular stripe; chin, ventrum of body, and 
lower half of sides yellow. 

Variation. The shape of the posterior basibranchium and that of the 
penultimate rib do not vary greatly from the condition given in the 
diagnosis. The total number of phalanges is reduced in this form from 
16 (phalangeal formula 2-3-4-4-3), the basic number in related forms, 
to 11-16 (average 12.1) on the hind limb, and from 12 (phalangeal 
formula 2-3-4-3) to 10-12 (average 11.4) on the forelimb. The variation 
of other skeletal features in the hypoparatypic series is given in Table 
I. Table II gives the variation of some of the important external 
morphological characters in the holotype and paratypic series. 

Comparisons. As previously stated Hurycea pterophila is indistin- 
guishable from EF. neotenes in external morphological features, and thus 
obviously differs from H. nana and EF. latitans in the same way that 


Burger, Smith and Potter, Jr—Another Eurycea 53 


Table I. Variation in the hypoparatypic series 


Number of 
Specimen 


2 2 8 


QD 
on 


G6 


G7 


Number of 
Specimen 


A989 


> 
ices} 
ide) 
So 


A991 
A992 


p> p> 
© 
Cc 
He» 09 


A995 
A996 


> > 
© © 
i © 
oo 3 


A999 


No. of Phalanges Per 
Digit Ant. - Post. 


Forelimbs 


40 40 40 40 40 40 40 05 03 03 O5 | Sex 


Hindlimbs 


2-3-4-4-3 
2-3-4-4-3 
1-2-3-3-2 
1-2-3-3-2 
2-3-3-3-2 
1-3-3-3-2 
1-3-4-2-2 
1-2-3-2-2 
1-3-3-3-0 
1-3-3-3-0 
2-3-4-3-1 
2-3-4-2-1 


bt 
Sen Jae 
fe 
a a3 
31 30% 
34144 on 
30-29 
33 19+ 
a 28 
ok 28% 
29 me 
281% 16% 
291%, 26 
30% 10+ 
25% 21% 


Number of 


a3 

BE} 4 
ze) 8 
Au > Ay 
18 15 
18 12 
18 12 
18 15 
19 13 
18 11 


Vomerine 


Table II. Variation of the holotype and paratypie 


10-13 


11-12 


Adpressed 


Costal 
Grooves 
Between 
Limbs 


AVA nrAantIinsInonna 


E. neotenes (see Bishop, 1943, and Smith and Potter, 1946) does. The 
Y-shaped posterior basibranchium of this form is in marked contrast to 
the irregularly cireular structure in EZ. nana and the T-shaped affair 
in E. latitans. In topotypie EZ. neotenes this structure is absent. The 
articulation of the last rib of E. pterophila is simple, while in £. 
neotenes, E. latitans and E. nana this articulation is differentiated into 
a capitulum and a tuberculum. In £. pterophila the tuberculum 
of the penultimate rib is approximately 1/2 the length of the ecapitulum 
while in the related forms the two processes of the penultimate rib are 
approximately equal in length. 


54 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


LITERATURE CITED 
Bishop, Sherman C. 
1943. Handbook of salamanders. Ithaca (New York): Comstock 
Publishing Co., pp. 439-444. 
Smith, Hobart M. and Floyd E. Potter, Jr. 
1946. A third neotenic salamander of the genus Eurycea from Texas. 
Herpetologica, Vol. 3, Part 4, pp. 105-109. 


PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL.63 


Plate V.—Posterior basibranchials of various species of Hurycea. 
A, E. latitans, 1.25 & 3.0 mm.; B, £. latitans, 1.7 K 2.0 mm.; C, &. 
bislineata, 15 X 1.2 mm.; D, E£. bislineata, 10 XK 1.1 mm.; BE, £. 
pterophila (G1), 0.8 X 0.7 mm.; F, E£. pterophila (G5), 1.0 K 0.7 mm.; 


G, HE. nana, 0.6 X 0.5 mm.; H, #. nana, 1.3 X 1.8 mm.; I, £. nana, 
0.4 X 0.4 mm. 


[55] 


PLATE VI PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL.63 


ee A 


82 


Plate VI.—Presacral ribs of various species of Kurycea, all X 43. 
The number indicates the position of the rib counting forward from 
the sacrum. A, #, latitans; B, and ©, EF. bislineata; D and BE, E. 
pterophila. 


[66] 


PLATE VII PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL.63 


Plate VII.—Hyobranchium of Z. pterophila (G1), 6.5 mm in width. 


[57] 


at oe ae. 


i 


Vol. 63, pp. 59-60 April 26, 1950 


Ne C— 
—PROGERRINGS 
BIOLOGICAL INSTITU 


® 4 
Lte@L-% 


TE OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW RACE OF THE SPECIES, AMAZILIA BERYL- 
LINA, FROM SOUTHERN MEXICO 


By Rosert T. Moorn 


A large series of the species Amazilia beryllina has been 
accumulated, due to the activity of Chester C. Lamb and 
Seftor Mario Del Toro Avilés. The latter collected 114 of these 
in Chiapas. There is also a considerable number from Oaxaca 
and a very large aggregation of A. b. beryllina and A. b. viola 
from central and northwestern México making a total for the 
entire species in the Moore Collection from México of 284. In 
addition, I am greatly indebted to the Museum of Compara- 
tive Zoology and to the Museum of Zoology of the University 
of Michigan for the loan of critical specimens of devillet from 
the Pacific coastal District of Soconusco. The courtesy of Mr. 
James Bond of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- 
delphia, in loaning the valuable type and three other speci- 
mens of Amazilia beryllina motaguae deSchauensee is deeply 
appreciated. When Lichtenstein described the nominate race 
in the Preiz-Verzeichniss, based upon specimens collected by 
Deppe, he did not give any type locality. Deppe collected at 
Temascaltepee a number of other species. It is therefore, 
reasonable to restrict the type locality of Trochilus beryllinus 
Lichtenstein, to Temascaltepec, State of México, which I here- 
with do. 


The assembling of this series, makes clear that the northwestern race 
of the species, viola, extends from southeastern Sonora south to Guerrero 
and east to Michoacan; that the nominate race, b. beryllina, ranges from 
the western part of the State of México east to Veracruz and thence 
south to Oaxaca; that in extreme southeastern Oaxaca, the nominate race 
intergrades in the lower mountains and Pacific lowlands with devillet 
which extends in a narrow strip along the entire Pacifie coast of Chiapas 
through to western Guatemala; that a well-marked undescribed form is 
found in the higher mountain and upland areas of central Chiapas, inter- 
grading with devillei in the extreme southern part of the state. 

It is interesting that the characters, as we proceed from northwestern 
México to Guatemala, do not all develop normally as one might expect. 
It is true that the development of the color of the abdomen is orderly, 
the posterior half of the underparts in viola being gray, becoming buffier 
in true beryllina of western México and the Valley of México, and 
even rusty in central eastern Oaxaca, while the green of the anterior un- 
derparts, gradually encroaches upon it. Finally in devillei and the new 
Tace, iridescent green occupies all of the underparts, with the exception 
of the under tail-coverts. On the other hand, violet or purple on the 


10—Proc. Brow. Soc. WasH., Vou. 63, 1950 (59) 


APR 2 8 1950 


60 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


rectrices reach the highest intensity only in the end-races at the north- 

west and the extreme south, whereas in the in-between races, these parts 

in true beryllina are duller reddish-brick color and in the new race of 

Oaxaca become brilliant iridescent copper, with hardly a trace of violet. 
I herewith describe the new race: 


Amazilia beryllina lichtensteini,1 subsp. nov. 

Type.—Adult male, number 27,335, collection of Robert T. Moore; Gerro 
Brujo, Ocozocuautla, Chiapas, México; July 2, 1940, collected by Mario 
del Toro Avilés. 

Subspecific characters.—Not an intermediate in all characters Wetween 
A. b. beryllina of central México and A. b. devillei of western Guatemala 
and coastal Chiapas, because it lacks the purple in the upper tail coverts 
characteristic of both these forms and has less violet or purple than 
either in the rectrices, it differs in the male from true beryllina in having, 
(1) the entire abdomen uniformly iridescent green like the rest of the 
anterior underparts; (2) median rectrices much less purplish approach- 
ing a color approximating iridescent Orange Chrome? of Ridgeway, the 
other rectrices showing this color only on their tips the remainder of 
each feather being duller; (3) outer remiges darker with less chestnut 
at their bases; (4) the chestnut on the bases of the secondaries, not 
nearly so extensive. The females are more nearly like the males than in 
true beryllina, even in the extension of the green over the abdomen, showing 
only in a few specimens, slight traces of gray. Lichtensteini differs from 
devillei in having (1) much less purple in both the median and other 
rectrices; (2) anterior upper parts much brighter (more golden); (3) 
underparts much more golden (less bluish-green) ; (4) bases of secon- 
daries brighter and lighter chestnut. 

It is more difficult to compare lichtensteint with motaguae of eastern 
Guatemala, because the original and apparently the only series of the 
latter (which is before me), contains only one adult bird, a male. How- 
ever, lichtensteini clearly differs from motaguae of eastern Guatemala 
in having, (1) the abdomen much greener (less gray); (2) undertail- 
coverts entirely cinnamon, lacking the heavy increment of white, char- 
acteristic of montaguae; (3) the upper anterior parts much brighter 
(more iridescent golden green). The females differ from the three 
females in the type series of motaguae in the same characters as the 
males. 

Range.—Although attaining its best-marked characters, in the Cerro 
Brujo area of the mountains of west-central Chiapas it extends northeast 
to Petaleingo and east and south to Socoltenango, where only one out 
of six specimens show a slight approach to devillei, but only in having 
slightly more purplish median rectrices. 

Specimens examined. —In addition to the 114 specimens of the new 
form, the majority of which come from the Cerro Brujo region, there 
are several from Petalcingo and Tuxtla Gutierres and ten from Socol- 
tenango. There is a huge representation of the nominate race, ranging 
from Temascaltepec to Rancho Santa Ephigenia in extreme southern 
Oaxaca. In addition, I have before me, the entire type series of four 
specimens of A. b. motaguae from eastern Guatemala, five specimens of 
devillet from the Pacific coastal area of Chiapas and six individuals in 
the Moore Collection from Honduras. 


*Named_in honor of the Great German ornithologist, who described many 
forms of Mexican birds, including the nominate race of this species. 


a 


Vol. 63, pp. 61-62 May 25, 1950 
‘ PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


AN ADDITIONAL FORM OF PEPPER-SHRIKE 
FROM WESTERN PANAMA 


By ALEXANDER WETMORE 


During study of specimens of Cyclarhis gujanensis from 
northern Colombia and Panama there has come to attention 
an interesting, handsomely colored race, found along the base 
of the eastern side of the Azuero Peninsula in western 
Panama, that is new to science. It may be known as 


Cyclarhis gujanensis perrygoi subsp. nov. 

Characters.—Similar to C. g. nicaraguae,! but with yellow of under 
surface brighter, especially on sides and flanks; upper surface brighter 
green; crown with the wn wash deeper in color. 

Description—tType, U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 400,660, male, from Ciénaga 
Macana, near El] Rineén, Province of Herrera, Panama, taken March 17, 
1948, by A. Wetmore and W. M. Perrygo (orig. no. 13,896). Forehead 
and a broad band extending back on either side of the pileum, with a 
narrow line on the lower eyelid, russet; lores (extending to the eye to 
break the russet on the lower eyelid), sides of head and upper neck 
light neutral gray; crown and nape deep olive, with the feathers tipped 
very narrowly with russet, producing a brownish wash; back and wing- 
coverts between warbler green and olive-green; rump and upper tail- 
coverts warbler green; exposed surface of secondaries and remiges olive- 
green; secondaries and primaries with inner webs dark mouse gray, and . 
outer webs between warbler green and olive-green; rectrices olive-green; 
chin, extreme upper throat, and center of abdomen white; under tail- 
coverts citron yellow; rest of under surface strontian yellow, becoming 
lemon yellow on the lower breast and flanks; under wing-coverts and 
edge of wing lemon yellow; inner webs of primaries edged with strontian 
yellow. Maxilla bister, becoming grayish olive on the sides near the 
tip, a color that extends down on the tip of the mandible; rest of 
mandible plumbeous black; tarsus, toes and claws dull army brown. 

Measurements.—Males (7 specimens), wing 69.6-74.9 (72.6), tail 50.0- 
55.5 (53.1), culmen from base 17.3-19.7 (18.6), tarsus 22.2-23.0 (22.5) 
mm. 

Females (3 specimens), wing 70.5-76.0 (72.3), tail 51.4-54.9 (53.3), 
culmen from base 17.8-18.7 (18.2), tarsus 22.8-23.4 (23.1) mm. 

Type, male, wing 73.1, tail 54.2, eulmen from base 18.1, tarsus 22.6 mm. 

Range.—In western Panama from southern Coclé (Aguadulce) south 
through the Province of Herrera (El Rincén, Parita), and west in the 
drainage of the Rio Santa Maria into extreme east central Veraguas (El 
Villano, 15 miles southeast of Santiago). Sight records assumed to be 


1Cyclarhis flaviventris nicaraguae Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov. no. 183, 
July 18, 1925, p. 6. (Matagalpa, 2,200 feet elevation, Nicaragua.) 


11—Proc. Brou. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (61) 


Mav or 


62 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


this race from Santa Maria, Quebrada Tejel and Quebrada Chitrabé to 
the south and west of Pesé, and El Barrero, Province of Herrera. 

Remarks.—In the lowland, dry area of the eastern side of the Azuero 
Peninsuia in western Panama these birds are local in distribution, though 
not uncommon within the range outlined above. It is probable that they 
extend through tracts of scattered forest in hilly areas south through the 
Province of Los Santos, though there are no records at hand at present 
to substantiate this. The bright coloration of this new form is strikingly 
ditferent from that of Cyclarhis gujanensis subfiavescens Cabanis, found 
in the Provinces of Veraguas and Chiriqui to the west, the transition 
between these two forms in the lowlands east of Santiago, Veraguas, 
apparently being along the low watershed between the Rio Santa Maria 
of Coclé, Herrera and extreme eastern Veraguas, which flows into the 
Gulf of Panama, and the Rio Martin Grande, with its tributaries, which 
empties into the Gulf of Montijo. A specimen from El Villano, in the 
drainage of the Santa Maria, is easily recognized as C. g. perrygoi, while 
another from La Colorada on a tributary of the Martin Grande, while 
somewhat intermediate, is to be placed with subflvescens. 

This new form is named for Watson M. Perrygo of the U. S. National 
Museum, my friend and companion on many days afield in Panama and 
elsewhere, who shot the first of our specimens of it. 

While pepper-shrikes seem to be common in suitable places in Veraguas 
and Chiriqui there are few reports of them through the area of the 
isthmus to the eastward. On March 9 and 10, 1949 I found one singing 
on Barro Colorado Island in the Canal Zone, and in April I noted a few 
in the brush-covered hills near the east bank of the Rio Mamoni at 
Chepo in the Province of Panama. But in neither of these localities was 
I able to obtain specimens so that there is no certainty as to race. Bond 
and de Schauensee” record a specimen taken at Garachiné, Darién, April 
25, 1941, but state that the specimen was in too bad condition to deter- 
mine accurately. This bird can not be located at the present moment for 
new examination, but, as in the original notes it is reported to be unlike 
subflavescens and more on the order of flaviventris and nicaraguae, it 
seems possible that it is like the new form here described. I did not find 
Pepper-shrikes on the Pacific side of eastern Darién in 1946 and 1947. 

The two specimens known of Cyclarhis gujanensis coibae Hartert, from 
Coiba Island off the Pacifie coast of western Panama, now in the Ameri- 
can Museum of Natural History, are decidedly darker above than either 
sub flavescens or perrygoi, the green having an olive cast, the crown being 
deeper brown, and the foreneck, breast, sides and flanks definitely 
greenish yellow, paler only on the lower breast and upper abdomen. The 
under tail-coverts are white. The type specimen of coibae, while fully 
grown and in full post-juvenal plumage, is a bird of the year, as is 
shown by the uniformly colored bill. The second specimen, the only 
other known at present, is a fully adult male, as is indicated by the lower 
mandible which is blackish except at the tip. The color of the plumage 
is similar to that of the type. A specimen in the American Museum (No. 
505,408) collected on Jicarén Island, immediately to the south of Coiba, 
eannot be distinguished from subflavescens of Chiriqui, which is a strange 
circumstance since Coiba Island, from which C. g. coibae is described, 
lies between Jicarén and the mainland where subflavescens is found. 


2Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Mon. no. 6, 1944, p. 40. 


Vol. 63, pp. 63-64 May 25, 1950 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGT. 


FROM WYOMING 


By Ro.Luin H. BAKER AND RoBert M. Hankins Gy bom 


” rd iY Vy is er 

-In preparing a map of the geographic distribution oF ‘Ye EUM 
snowshoe rabbit we were impressed with an unusual feature 
of the range currently assigned to the subspecies Lepus amert- 
canus americanus Erxleben. This unusual feature was the 
alleged presence of a population of this subspecies in the Big- 
horn Mountains of north-central Wyoming, far removed from 
other populations of L. a. americanus and geographically near 
the range of Lepus americanus bairdu Hayden. Reference to 
specimens in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural 
History revealed that snowshoe rabbits from the Bighorn 
Mountains did- resemble DL. a. americanus more than L. a. 
bairdu but disclosed also that there were some characteristics 
in which the animals from the Bighorn Mountains differed 
from both L. a. bardu and L. a. americanus. Accordingly we 
appealed to those in charge of the U. S. Biological Surveys 
Collection for specimens to supplement our not wholly ade- 
quate material. With the combined material it was ascertained 
that the snowshoe rabbit of the Bighorn Mountains is an 
hitherto unrecognized subspecies which may be named and 
described as follows: 


Lepus americanus seclusus new subspecies 


Type.—Male, adult, skin and skull; no. 20897, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. 
Hist.; 12 mi. E and 2 mi. N Shell, 7900 ft., Bighorn Mts., Big Horn 
County, Wyoming; 8 July 1947; obtained by Gilbert Winemiller, original 
no. 22 of Joao Moojen. 

Range.—Bighorn Mountains of north-central Wyoming. 

Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements); top and sides of head 
Cinnamon Brown (capitalized color terms after Ridgway, Color Stand- 
ards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912); upper parts of 
body grayish; tympanic bullae moderately inflated; nasals, in anterior 
third, convex dorsally in longitudinal axis; interpterygoid space slightly 
wider anteriorly than posteriorly. 

Comparison.—From L. a. americanus (specimens from Fort Chippe- 
wyan, Alberta, and Oscar, Ontario), L. a. seclusus differs as follows: 
Top and sides of head Cinnamon Brown instead of near (14) Brussels 
Brown; hair on basal half of anteromedial part of pinna of ear lighter- 
colored (short hair more buffy, and white marginal hairs longer giving 


12—Proc. Bron. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (63) — 


MAY 2 5 1950 


64 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


greater expanse of white); upper parts of body more grayish and less 
reddish; interpterygoid space broader anteriorly than posteriorly instead 
of parallel-sided; tympanic bullae larger. From L. a. bairdii (topotype 
and Albany Co., Wyo.), L. a. seclusus differs as follows: Top and sides 
of head Cinnamon Brown instead of near (a) Cinnamon Buff; hair on 
basal half of anteromedial part of pinna of ear darker (short hair darker 
buff, and white marginal hairs shorter giving smaller expanse of white) ; 
upper parts of body more grayish; nasals more convex in longitudinal 
axis; interpterygoid space less expaned anteriorly; tympanic bullae 
smaller. 

Remarks.—L. a. seclusus appears to be restricted to the Bighorn Moun- 
tains. Nelson (N. Amer. Fauna, no. 9, p. 89, 1909) was correct in judg- 
ing the rabbits from there to be more closely related to the subspecies 
Lepus americanus americanus than to the geographically adjacent Lepus 
americanus bairdii, which oceurs in the several mountain ranges to the 
westward of the Bighorn Mountains. Immediately eastward of the Big- 
horns, there are no snowshoe rabbits; at least none has been reported 
from any of the higher areas where they might be expected to occur, as 
for example, the Black Hills. Although L. a. seclusus is distinguishable 
from either L. a. americanus or L. A. bairdiit by each of five or more 
characters, L. a. seclusus is apparently structurally intermediate between 
L. a. bairdii and L. a. americanus rather than distinguished by any unique 
structural feature. For example, the width of the interpterygoid space, 
measured on a line between the last upper molars, averages 6.1 (5.5-6.5) 
mm. in L. a. americanus, 6.7 (6.3-7.2) in L. a. seclusus, and 7.2 (6.9-7.7) 
in L. a. bairdii. 

Measurements.—Three adult males (first the type, and two others from 
8400 ft. in the Bighorn Mountains, nos, 56005 and 56006, U.S.B.S.) mea- 
sure as follows: Total length, 420, 450, 440; length of tail, 38, 47, 41; 
length of hind foot, 132, 136, 125; ear from notch (dry), 72, 73, 66; 
weight of the type, 1115 grams; basilar length of Hensel, 58.0, 59.5, 55.4; 
zygomatic breadth, 37.5, 38.8, 37.8; postorbital constriction, 12.0, 12.4, 
11.8; length of nasals, 29.7, 31.2, —; alveolar length of maxillary 
tooth-row, 13.3, 14.3, 14.0. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 6, all from Wyoming, as follows: 
12 mi. E and 2 mi. N Shell, 7500 and 5900 ft., Big Horn County, 2 
(U.K.M.N.H.); Bighorn Mountains, 8400 ft., 4 (U.S.B.S.). 

Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 
Transmitted March 22, 1949. 


’ 


ww" C4 f WW 


Vol. 63, pp. 65-68 May 25, 1950 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTO 


A LIST OF MARYLAND MAMMALS <A 
‘4 
(Part I. MARSUPIALS AND INSECTIVORES) NG, } = 
in, HEY g 


By MARSHALL C, GARDNER 


This list is based upon a survey of the mammal literature 
and the specimens contained in the collections of the U. 8. 
National Museum and the U. 8S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 
The latter includes the collections of the Biological Surveys 
and the Patuxent Research Refuge. The list will be published 
in sections by orders or families as completed. The one mar- 
supial genus and the insectivores are included in this first 
part. District of Columbia records are listed with those of 
the State because of their close relationship. 


The limited number of locality records emphasizes the gaps 
in our knowledge of Maryland mammal ranges. It is hoped 
that naturalists will be stimulated to collect in unrepresented 
areas. | 


Order Marsupialia 
Family Didelphiidae 


Didelphis virginiana virginiana Kerr. Virginia Opossum. 

1792. Didelphis virginiana Kerr, Anim. Kingd., p. 193. 

Type locality. Virginia. 

Maryland records.—Since LeCompte (1942: 4) says that opossums 
were killed in every county in 1941, other literature records are not listed. 
U. S. National Museum specimens follow: Howard County: Long Corner ; 
Montgomery County: Bethesda, Cabin John, Plummer Island, Boyds; 
Prince Georges County: Beltsville, Bladensburg, Branchville, Laurel, 
Patuxent Research Refuge, T.B.; District of Columbia. 

Remarks.—Maryland specimens are indistinguishable from typical 
Virginia specimens. 


Order Insectivora 
Family Talpidae—Moles 


Scalopus aquaticus aquaticus (Linnaeus). Eastern Mole. 

1758 (Sorex) aquaticus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 53. 

Type locality.—Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Maryland records.—Anne Arundel County: Baltimore City; Baltimore 
County: Lake Roland (Bures, 1948: 61-62), Patapseco State Park 
(Hampe, 1939: 5); Calvert County: Chesapeake Beach; Howard County: 
Cabin John, Capitol View, Chevy Chase, Plummer Island, Rockville, Seven 
Locks, Silver Spring, Woodside; Prince Georges County : Berwyn, Branch- 


13—Proc. Biot. Soc. WASH., VOL. 63, 1950 (65) 


MAY Or... 


7, 
ON 
On 
‘59 @ 


66 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


ville, Landover, Laurel, Mt. Rainier, Patuxent Research Refuge. District 
of Columbia. 

Remarks.—According to Jackson (1915: 35) ‘‘toward the south S. a. 
aquaticus gradually decreases in size... A large series from the District 
of Columbia averages smaller than specimens from the type region, but 
in all essential characters except size they are typical of aquaticus.’’ 
Parascalops breweri (Bachman). Hairy-tailed Mole. 

1842. Scalops brewerit Bachman, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. 4: 32. 

Type locality—Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. 

Maryland records.—This species is not represented in the State by 
either literature or museum records. There are, however, the two follow- 
ing letter references in the Biological Surveys files of the U. S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service: Allegany County: Warrior Mountain, note by C. Hart 
Merriam dated 1908; Garrett County: Letter to C. Hart Merriam from 
S. N. Rhoads dated 1902. 

Remarks.—Jackson (1915: 81) states that ‘‘the hairy-tailed mole 
shows remarkably little geographic variation .. .’’ consequently Mary- 
land specimens when taken will probably not differ markedly from 
typical specimens. 

Condylura cristata cristata (Linnaeus). Star-nosed Mole. 

1758. Sorex cristatus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 53. 

Type locality.—EHastern Pennsylvania. 

Maryland records.—Charles County: Marshall Hall; Howard County: 
Ellicott City; Montgomery County: Brookeville, Burnt Mills, Cabin John, 
Chevy Chase, Plummer Island, Woodside; Prince Georges County: Belts- 
ville, College Park, Glendale, Lanham, Laurel, Patuxent Research Refuge; 
Washington County: Williamsport. District of Columbia. 

Remarks.—Maryland specimens are similar to those from eastern 
Pennsylvania. 


Family Soricidae—Shrews 


Sorex cinereus cinereus Kerr. Cinereous Shrew. 

1792. Sorex arcticus cinereus Kerr, Animal Kingdom, p. 206. 

Type locality.—Fort Severn, Ontario, Canada. 

Maryland records.—Garrett County: Bittinger. 

Sorex cinereus fontinalis Hollister. Maryland Shrew. 

1911. Sorex fontinalis Hollister, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 40: 378. 

Type locality—Cold Spring Swamp, near Beltsville, Prince Georges 
County, Maryland. 

Maryland records.—Baltimore County: Lake Roland, Loch Raven, 
Patapseco State Park (Hampe, 1936: 17-18); Dorchester County: Cam- 
bridge; Montgomery County: Ashton, Cabin John, Glen Echo Heights, 
Rockville, Sandy Springs; Prince Georges County: Beltsville (Cold Spring 
Swamp, near) (type locality), Bowie, Hollywood, Hyattsville, Landover, 
Laurel, Patuxent Research Refuge, Tuxedo. 

Sorex fumeus fumeus Miller. Smoky Shrew. 

1895. Sorex fumeus Miller, North Amer. Fauna No. 10, p. 50. 

Type locality—Peterboro, Madison County, New York. 

Maryland records.—Garrett County: Bittinger, Finzel. 

Sorex dispar Batchelder. Gray Long-tailed Shrew. 
1911. Sorex dispar Batchelder, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 97. 
Type locality.—Beedes, Essex County, New York. 


Gardner—A Inst of Maryland Mammals 67 


Maryland records.—Not known from Maryland but may occur in the 
highest portions of the western part of the State. 

Sorex palustris punctulatus Hooper. Allegheny Water Shrew. 

1942. Sorex palustris punctulatus Hooper. Oceas. Papers, Mus. Zool., 
No. 463, pp. 1-4. 

Type locality.—Shavers Fork of the Cheat River, 6 miles northwest of 
Durbin, Randolph County, West Virginia. 

Maryland records.—Not recorded but considered by Hooper (1942: 2) 
as probably occurring in Western Maryland. 

Sorex longirostris longirostris Bachman. Bachman’s Shrew. 

1837. Sorex longirostris Bachman, Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 
7 (2): 370. 

Type locality—Hume Plantation, swamps of the Santee River (Cat 
Island, mouth of Santee River), South Carolina. 

Maryland records.—Calvert County: Camp Roosevelt, Chesapeake Beach ; 
Prince Georges County: Hall. District of Columbia. 

Microsorex hoyi winnemana Preble. Winnemana Pigmy Shrew. 

1910. Microsorex winnemana Preble, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 
73: 161. 

Type locality—Bank of the Potomac River near Stubblefield Falls, 
4 miles below Great Falls of the Potomac, Fairfax County, Virginia. 

Maryland records.—Prince Georges County: Berwyn. 

Cryptotis parva parva (Say). Small Short-tailed Shrew. 

1823. Sorex parvus Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts. 1: 63. 

Type locality—West bank of the Missouri River, near Blair, Wash- 
ington County, Nebraska. 

Maryland records.—Baltimore County: Loch Raven, Parsons Island; 
Montgomery County: Bethesda, Sandy Spring; Prince Georges County: 
Laurel (Merriam, 1895: 18), Patuxent Research Refuge; Worcester 
County: Chincoteague Bay. District of Columbia (Merriam, ibid.). 

Remarks.—Although Cryptotis parva harlani and Cryptotis parva 
elasson have been named from Indiana and Ohio respectively, the status 
of the eastern races has not been sufficiently determined to justify the 
use of either of these names. 

Blarina brevicauda carolinensis (Bachman). Carolina Short-tailed Shrew. 

1837. Sorex carolinensis Bachman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia 
©. (2) 366. 

Type locality.—Eastern South Carolina. 

Maryland records.—Dorchester County: Cambridge. 

Blarina brevicauda kirtlandi Bole and Moulthrop. Kirtland’s Short-tailed 
Shrew. 

1942. Blarina brevicauda kirtlandi Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ. 
Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist. 5 (6): 99. 

Type locality—Holden Arboretum, Lake and Geauga Counties, Ohio. 

Maryland records.—Baltimore City ; Baltimore County: Patapsco State 
Park (Hampe, 1944: 73); Lake Roland (Bures, 1948: 62-63) ; Frederick 
County: Locust Grove (Merriam, 1895: 13); Garrett County: Bittinger, 
Finzel, Grantsville, Mountain Lake Park, Swanton; Montgomery County: 
Cabin John, Cropley, Poolesville, Plummer’s Island, Rockville, Sandy 
Spring (Merriam, 1895: 13); Prince Georges County: Hyattsville, Lan- 
ham, Laurel, Northwest Branch Anacostia River, Oxon Hill, Patuxent 
Research Refuge, Silver Spring. 


68 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Remarks.—Although Maryland specimens average slightly paler in 
pelage color, and slightly longer in tail length than typical kirtlandi, 
they are best referred to this form until a more critical study of the east- 
ern Blarinae is made. 


LITERATURE CITED 


Boures, J. A. 1948. Mammals of a limited area in Maryland. Maryland 
Nat. 18 (4): 59-68, 4 pls., 3 figs. 

HAmpPrE, I. E. 1936. The occurrence and breeding of the Maryland shrew 
(Sorex fontinalis) in the Patapsco State Park. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soe. 
Maryland 7 (4): 17-18, 2 figs. 

. 1939. Notes on the mammals of the Patapsco State Park. 
Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. Maryland 10 (1): 4-7. 

. 1944. An unusual color phase of the short-tailed shrew. 
Maryland 14 (3): 73. 

Hooper, E. T. 1942. The water shrew (Sorex palustris) of the southern 
Allegheny Mountains. Occas. Papers, Mus. Zool., No. 463: 1-4. 
Jackson, H. H. T. 1915. A review of the American moles. North Amer. 

Fauna No. 38, 100 pp., 6 pls., 27 figs. 

LE Comptes, FE. L. 1942. Analysis of game kill statistics for season of 
1941. Maryland Conserv. 19 (3): 4-5, 8. 

MeERRIAM, C. H. 1895. Revision of the shrews of the American genera 
Blarina and Notiosorex. North Amer. Fauna No. 10, 34 pp., 3 pls. 
2 figs. 

U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 


Vol. 63, pp. 69-72 May 25, 1950 
PROCEEDINGS 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGT 


SYSTEMATIC NOTES ON SOME CENTRAL AM 


RA, 
MILLIPEDS aah 


By RicHarp L. HorrMan 
Miller School of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 


During the accumulation of material for a projected check- 
list of the millipeds of tropical North America, a number of 
taxonomic errors have been noted, and this occasion is taken 
to present notes and corrections, as well as to propose a few 
new names. 


RHINOCRICIDAE 
Rhinocricus approximans, new name 


Rhinocricus simulans Chamberlin, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 99, 
pp. 39, 41, figs. 33-35, 1947; preoccupied by Rhinocricus simulans 
Chamberlin, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 60, art. 8, p. 22, pl. 10, figs. 
7-10, 1922. 

Type locality —Nicaragua, without further data. 
Type specimen.—Male, Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., type no. 9963. 


CLEIDOGONIDAE 
Cleidogona 


Cleidogona Cook and Collins, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 9, p. 41, 1895. 
Mexiceuma Verhoeff, Zool. Anz., vol. 68, no. 3/4, p. 112, 1926. 

Verhoeff proposed a family Mexiceumidae for the reception of a new 
genus and species, Mexicewma maculata, which he described from speci- 
mens taken at Desierto de los Leones, Distrito Federal, Mexico. Com- 
parison was made with two other chordeumoid families, and there is no 
evidence that he even considered the long established American group 
Cleidogonidae. Actually his drawings of the gonopods of M. maculata 
are quite typical of Cleidogona, and since there is nothing in the descrip- 
tion to preclude such an association, I suggest that the species be hence- 
forth known as Cleidogona maculata (Verhoeff). Another species, C. leona 
Chamberlin (Bull. Univ. Utah, vol. 34, no. 7, p. 34, 1943) has been 
described from Desierto de los Leones, but is distinctive in larger size 
and other particulars. 

Verhoeff’s predilection for erecting numerous diplopod families, while 
not to be entirely condemned, was frequently based on minor characters 
and insufficient knowledge of exotic faunas. This, with a noticeable ten- 
dency to disregard the work of others, led to the proposal of several 
families of American diplopods (e. g. Mexiceumidae, Onychelidae) for 
which other names have long been established. 


14—Proc. Bron. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (69) 


OF THE Mat Hoon lar 


-_ 
ery 


i 
of 


70 Proceedings of the Biological Socrety of Washington 


CHELODESMIDAE 
Chondrodesmus chamberlini, new name 


Chondrodesmus panamenus Chamberlin, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 
vol. 38, p. 42, 1925; preoccupied by Chondrodesmus panamenus Cham- 
berlin, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 60, art. 8, pp. 46, 47, 1922. 

Type locality.—Barro Colorado Island, Panama. 

Type specimen.—Female, Museum of Comparative Zoology. 

Curiously enough, the 1925 name was proposed as new on the same 
page as a reference to the older panamenus! I am not completely as- 
sured that the two names actually apply to different species, but until 
such a time as the males become known, they are retained as separate 
entities. 


Cyclorhabdus 


Comparison of the drawings and descriptions of the species referred 
to this genus indicates that two generic types are involved. Cyclorhabdus 
in the strict sense is well characterized by the articulation between the 
femur and tibiotarsus of the male gonopods, and includes two species: 
decoratus (Peters) and annulus Brolemann, both Venezuelan. In this 
genus the tibiotarsus of the gonopods is slender and tapering, without 
modification. The character of the jointed gonopod is strongly reminis- 
cent of the condition found in the North American xystodesmid genus 
Brachoria, and the gonopod of C. annulus is strigingly similar to that of’ 
B. glendalea (Chamberlin). A Guatemalan species, contortus Brolemann, 
has been generally referred to Cyclorhabdus despite a very different sort 
of gonopod, which lacks an articulation and has a prominent tibiotarsal 
solenomerite. In view of these differences, as well as others which obtain 
in certain non-sexual characters, it seems necessary to yee a new 
genus for the Guatemalan form. 


Solaenorhabdus, new genus 


A chelodesmid genus, characterized as follows: body with 20 segments, 
pore formula normal, keels rather small, pores more or less lateral; 
sternites without processes; prefemora and femora without spines, a 
tibial pad present. Male gonopod with femur elongated and continuous 
with tibiotarsus, a rudimentary femoral process; end of tibiotarsus with 
a rather large solenomerite; the entire appendage bent, not forming a 
complete circle. For complete description of the type species, see one 
of the references cited below. 

Generoty pe.— 


Solaenorhabdus contortus (Brolemann) 


Cyclorhabdus contortus Brolemann, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 13, p. 98, 
pl. 6, figs. 21-25, 1900; Pocock, Biol. Centr. Amer., Diplop., p. 168, 
1909; Attems, Das Tierreich, lief. 69, pp. 172-73, fig. 189, 1938. 

Leptodesmus contortus Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool., vol. 10, p. 607, pl. 10, 
figs. 28-31, 1902. 

Type locality— Guatemala, without further locality. 
Type specimen.—Present location uncertain, presumably in the Paris 

Museum. 


Hoffman—Notes on Central American Millipeds (a! 


PERIDONTODESMIDAE 
Hexodontia 


Hexodontia Verhoeff, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 62, p. 516, 1932. 

Trachyphloeus (nec Germar, 1817) Attems, Ann. Mus. Wien, vol. 46, p. 
264, 1933. 

Rhexiphloeus Attems, Das Tierreich, lief. 70, p. 460, 1940. 

This genus has had a somewhat interesting history. Described as a 
group in the Cryptodesmidae, its actual identity was overlooked by 
Attems on two occasions, first when he proposed Trachyphloeus in 1933 
for Peridontodesmus electus Chamberlin, and again when he proposed 
Rhexiphloeus as a substitute name in the third of his great volumes on 
polydesmoids. 

Actually, comparison of the drawings and descriptions of the two 
genera in Lieferung 70 of Das Tierreich (Hexodontia, p. 231; Rhezi- 
phloeus, p. 461) shows that a single group is involved, with Verhoeff’s 
name taking priority. It must be transferred from the Cryptodesmidae 
to the Peridontodesmidae, however. 

A list of the species now referable to Hexodontia follows: 

1. H. cordobanus Verhoeff, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 62, p. 518, 

figs. 45-47, 1932. Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 

2. H. morelus (Chamberlin), Bull. Univ. Utah, vol. 34, no. 7, p. 59, 
pl. XIV, figs. 140-43, 1943. Chapultepec, near Cuernavaca, More- 
los, Mexico. 

3. H. electus (Chamberlin), Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 40, pp. 
188-89, pl. 2, fig. 8, 1914. Laguna, Juan Vinas, Costa Rica; 
also reported from Carpintera, C. R. 

It will be seen that the genus occupies a fairly large range, and that 
numerous additional species are to be expected. 


72 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


7, - tZ Any 2 


sat 


ee 
qsonlay INST, 


MAY 2 


AT 
OWA et 
wen iw oe 


Vol. 63,  Se7pz6 May 25, 1950 
uN PROCEEDINGS 

1959 OF THE 

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


ao 
1 ett 


—* 


TWO NEW GOBIES FROM THE PHILIPPINES 
WITH NOTES ON A THIRD RARE GOBY 


By AuBEert W. C, T. HERRE 
School of Fisheries, University of Washington 


The Checklist of Philippine Fishes completed by me in May, 
1948, contained approximately 2,145 species known from 
Philippine waters. It was thought that this number would 
stand for some time to come. However, field work during June 
and July, 1948, showed that one could make additions to the 
fish fauna of the Islands by careful collecting almost any- 
where. Manila Bay gave a surprising number not hitherto 
recorded from the Philippines, especially of Scorpaenidae. 
Rare and little known species were obtained from both salt 
and fresh water. 

Few of the additions were new, but extensive additions were 
made to our knowledge of geographical distribution. No effort 
was made to collect gobies, as the time available for field work 
was very limited. Attention was chiefly directed toward 
getting commercial fishes of importance. In spite of this some 
gobies were necessarily collected, and among them several 
proved to be new. Two of them are herewith presented, to- 
gether with a re-description of a third little known species. 
The other new gobies may appear in a later paper. 

The specimens here mentioned are in the collection of the 
School of Fisheries, University of Washington. When dimen- 
sions are given the standard length is always understood. 


Intonsagobius Van Clevei Herre, new species 


Dorsal VI—1-9; anal I—6; scales in longitudinal series 30, plus 2 on 
the caudal base, in tranverse series 9; predorsal scales 7, extending for- 
ward to eyes. 

The body is plump agen but compressed posteriorly, very little 
elevated, its breadth nearly equal to the depth, which is four and a third 
times in length. The breadth of the head is greater than its depth and 
three-fourths of its length. The head and long pointed caudal are equal, 
3.25 in the length. The large dorso-lateral eyes are high up, 2.66 times, 
the snout 3.15 in the head; the interorbital is very narrow, 4.5 in the eye. 
The mouth is strongly oblique, the maxillary scarcely reaching a vertical 
from the front margin of the eye; teeth typical, the large vomerine teeth 


15—Proc. Brot. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (73) 


May g3 “4 lear 


74 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


more or less concealed. Three vertical and 2 transverse ridges of sensory 
papillae on the cheek, a vertical and 2 transverse opercular ridges, with 
other ridges on the snout, nape, and under side of head, but none on the 
median row of scales along the sides of the body. Conspicuous pores in 
the interorbital and about the eye. 

All the dorsal spines have elongate filiform tips, the first one longest, 
reaching beyond the middle of the second dorsal when depressed, and 
equal to the head. The second dorsal is high, the last ray longest, 1.5 
times in the head and reaching the caudal base; the anal is very high, 
the last ray elongate, nearly as long as the head, and extending upon the 
caudal base when depressed. The long pointed pectoral extends upon the 
anal when depressed, and is longer than the head, 2.6 times in the total 
length. The long and pointed ventral extends upon the genital papilla, 
3.9 in the length; the least depth of the caudal peduncle is 1.66 times in 
its own length. The female genital papilla is rather broad, with a 
slightly notched tip. 

The color in life was deep brown to black, darkest on the head, the 
under side much paler, all the fins black. In preservative most of the 
dusky epidermis on the head has been rubbed off, and many of the scales 
lost, so that the specimen has lost its original swarthiness. 

Here described from the type and only specimen, a female 39 mm. long, 
collected at Dumaguete, Negros Oriental Province, Philippine Republic. 

I take pleasure in naming this in honor of Dr. Richard Van Cleve, 
Acting Director of the University of Washington School of Fisheries. 


Vaimosa zebrinus Herre, new species 


Dorsal VI—1-7; anal I—6; scales in longitudinal series 30, plus 2 
on the caudal base, and 10 in transverse series; predorsal seales 13 in 
males, 14 to 16 in females, the anterior scale much larger than the others 
and extending between the posterior margins of the eyes; opercular 
scales imbedded and difficult to observe, apparently 6 to 8. 

The body is low, somewhat elongate; the dorsal and ventral profiles 
nearly horizontal and parallel; the trunk laterally compressed but the 
head is broad with budging cheeks, its breadth 1.4 in its own length, the 
depth is 5.55 times in the length; the broadly rounded caudal equals 
the head, which is 3.57, the pectoral 5, the ventral 6.25 times in the 
length. 

The large dorso-lateral eyes are in the anterior half of the head, 4.1 
times in the head, the snout slightly longer than an eye diameter in a 
male specimen; females have larger eyes in proportion, 3.2 in the head, 
the snout shorter than the eye. Onterorbital broad on males, 1.2 in eye 
or 5 in head, but much narrower in females, 2.22 in eye or 7 in head. 
The oblique mouth is terminal in males, the angle of the mouth beneath 
the front margin of the eye, but the angle of the maxillary beneath the 
middle of the eye; in females the mouth is slightly inferior and somewhat 
smaller; the very small teeth are in 3 rows in both jaws, those of the 
outer row larger than the others. 

The dorsals are separated by 2 scales; males have the second spine of 
the first dorsal elongate and thread-like, equal to the head in length and 
reaching nearly to the middle of the second dorsal; the first dorsal is not 
elongate in females, its height about half the length of the head; the 
height of the second dorsal and anal are each about half the length of 


Herre—Two New Gobies from the Philippines 75 


the head, the last ray of each falling much short of the caudal when de- 
pressed. The pectorals are rather broad, extending to a vertical from the 
genital papilla; the ventrals extend little more than half way there. 
Genital papilla very slender and pointed in a young male, plump and 
subeylindrical with rounded tip in females. 

The color in alcohol is whitish gray, masked except on the under side 
by rounded or angulate brown bars along the hind margin of each scale, 
and by minute dark dots sprinkled over the upper half of the body; a 
large irregular blackish brown spot under the pectoral, followed by 5 or 
6 smaller spots along the middle of the side, the one at the caudal base 
usually double; from these spots dark brown bars may descend obliquely 
forward. On the side of the head are 6 conspicuous dark brown stripes, 
2 from the eye to the maxillary, 1 from the eye behind the maxillary 
angle, and 3 curved more or less downward across the cheek; opercle and 
under side of the head with numerous circular black dots which extend 
upon the pectoral base and may cover the preventral area. First dorsal 
with 3 or 4 transverse rows of black spots on the spines, the second 
dorsal with 4 rows of similar spots; caudal with 8 to 10 transverse rows 
of black spots, which on some specimens cross only the upper three- 
fourths of the fin, but others have the whole fin barred. The other fins 
are clear, or the ventrals may be brown. 

Here described from the type, an immature male 25 mm. long, and 3 
females 23 to 24 mm. in length. I caught them in a brackish estero at 
Layia, Batangas Province, Luzon. 

This little fish is related to Vaimosa fusca Herre, but differs markedly 
in the predorsal and opercular scalation. 

Zebrinus, in allusion to the conspicuously brindled cheeks. 


Tamanka talavera Herre 


A single specimen of this rare goby was taken at Dumaguete. It is 
considerably larger than the type and paratypes obtained by me in 1940 
from a nipa swamp near Capiz, Capiz Prov., Panay. The new find is 
43 mm. long, as opposed to 33 mm. for the type and 20 to 31 mm. for the 
paratypes. There are enough differences to warrant a re-description, as 
it seemed at first to be specifically different from TJ. talavera. 

Dorsal VI—1-9; anal I—8; scales in longitudinal series 48, + 3 on 
the caudal base, 20 in transverse series, and 20 predorsal; opercular 
scales apparently 32. 

The body is low, laterally compressed, the dorsal and ventral outlines 
nearly parallel and horizontal; the head nearly flat and noticeably broad 
with bulging cheeks, its width six-sevenths of its own length, which is 
3.44 times in the standard length. The depth is 5.37 in the length; the 
broad rounded caudal equals the pointed pectoral, 4.3, the ventral 4.77 
times in the length. The eye is in the front half of the head, lateral but 
very high up, level with and equal to the wide flat interorbital and also 
equal to the broad convex snout, 4.16 in the head. The wide inferior 
mouth is oblique, the posterior angle of the maxillary extending beyond 
the eye; teeth typical of the genus, the tip of the tongue slightly emar- 
ginate. The vertical fins are low, the tips of the dorsal spines attentuate 
and filirorm, the third, fourth, and fifth equal to the last anal ray, 1.78 
in the head or 6.14 in the length. The second dorsal spine is 3.125 in 
the head, the rays successively longer, the last ray twice as long and 


76 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


extending on the caudal when depressed, 1.56 in the head or 5.375 in the 
length. The pectoral and ventral origins opposite, the pectoral extending 
beyond the ventral but not reaching the anus. Least depth of caudal 
pedunele six-sevenths of its own length. The body is covered with ctenoid 
scales, which extend forward of the dorsal to above the middle of the 
preoperele; beyond this is naked, including the interorbital, snout, and 
preopercle, as well as the under side of the head; anal papilla of male 
is rather large and pointed. 

The color of body and fins is dark brown with blackish brown vertical 
or diagonal stripes, spots, and lines on the upper half; a diagonal stripe 
from the eye above the preopercle to beneath the pectoral; another short 
predorsal stripe across the nape; two stripes beneath the first dorsal, 
three beneath the second dorsal, two across the caudal peduncle, and one 
on the caudal base; top of the head with irregular dusky lines, and one 
running from the eye back across the middle of the preoperele and 
operele; first dorsal with a wide median transverse black band, a narrow 
clear band above it, and the tips of the fin black. The membrane of the 
second dorsal has a vertical black bar between each two rays, with a sub- 
marginal clear band and the tips of the rays black; anal with more or 
less black on its outer portion; caudal with five eross bars of dusky 
brown spots. 

Tamanka talavera Herre, Copeia, No. 1, p. 4, March 31, 1945; near 

Capiz, Panay. 


Vol. 63, pp. 77-84 May 25, 1950 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


SuSGNIAN INST 
W SpEpEs OF SOLITARY VESPIDAE FROM 


V™\ NORTH AMERICA 


MAY 2 4 1959 (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE) 


hig > at By RicHarpD M. Bouarr 
Mg OVA L MUSEU™ } University of California, Davis 


The following species and subspecies are described at this 
time so that the names can be included in the proposed ecata- 
logue of Hymenoptera sponsored by workers at the U. S. 
National Museum. 


Zethus (Zethusculus) arizonensis, new species 


Male.—Black, marked with deep yellow. Yellow are: small spot on 
frons at base of antenna, ocular dot, humeral margin, mesopleural and 2 
scutellar spots, parategula apically, 2 spots on tegula, broad apical mar- 
gin of tergite I, narrow one on II, median apical one on III, apical dot 
at side of sternite II. Wings brown-stained with purplish reflections, 
heaviest toward leading edge. Legs partly brownish. Puncturation 
coarse and close, reduced toward base of abdominal segment II and on 
terminal abdominal segments, tegula shining. Pubescence minute, pale, 
well distributed, silvery on propodeum and sides of face in some lights. 
Antenna with segment IIT less than one-half as long as I, segment XII 
small and largely concealing the minute XIII. Clypeus about twice as 
broad as long, ending in 2 blunt teeth separated by interantennal dis- 
tance; mandible with teeth rather regularly spaced; antennal bases joined 
by an irregular transverse carina, interocellar area with a pair of promi- 
nent polished tubercles, not bridged in front; head in lateral view divided 
about in half by hind ocular margin. Humeral margin with a forward- 
projecting carina about as great as an ocellus diameter, humeral angles 
small but sharp; postscutellum traversed by a sharp, prominent, w- 
shaped carina; hind face of propodeum roughened with a deep median 
groove, a small submedian projection behind postscutellum and an irregu- 
lar ridge on lateral angles; tarsi broad and flattened, fore tarsus almost 
as broad as fore tibia. Tergite I swelling abruptly before middle, widest 
just beyond, where it is about 1.7 times apical breadth and 0.4 times 
length of segment; segment II with a short stalk, wider than high; 
tergite I with a clear apical membrane projecting about 3 ocellus 
diameters; tergite III with a similar membrane laterally but abruptly 
notched and narrowed over strongly convex middle portion; apices of 
sternites II and III broadly membranous. Length to apex of second 
tergite 13.0 mm. 

Female.—Markings and structure about as in male. Length to apex 
of second tergite 13.5 mm. 

Holotype, male, California Academy of Sciences, Ent. no. 6141, 
Phoenix, Arizona, July 15, 1932 (H. S. Gentry). Paratypes, 10 males 


16—PrRoc. Bro. Soc. WASH., VoL. 63, 1950 (77) 


MAY 2 5 95, 


78 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


and 1 female from the following Arizona localities: Phoenix (H. S. 
Gentry, H. A. Scullen), Coolidge Dam (H. A. Seullen), Tueson (J. O. 
Martin), Oracle and San Simon. Three male paratypes from Steins, 
Grant Co., New Mexico, July 14, 1917. All type material taken in July 
or August. 

The eclypeal shape and arrangement of membranes on the abdomen 
place this species close to clypearis Saussure but the points of difference 
are many. The clypeus has weaker teeth and is less humped, the man- 
dibular teeth are more regular, the antennae are shorter and the hook in 
the male is minute, instead of prominent, there is no longitudinal inter- 
antennal carina, the interocellar tubercles are polished, there is no carina 
from the humeral angle to the tegula, the postscutellar carina is better 
developed, the tarsi are broader, the first abdominal segment is stouter. 

This is the first species of the genus to be described from the 
western United States and makes the-third species for the entire 
country. 


Pseudomasaris zonalis albopictus, new subspecies 


Structure and markings exactly as in zonalis Cresson (description in 
Bradley, J. C., 1922, Calif. Univ. Pub. Ent. 1:426-428) except that 
markings are whitish instead of yellow. 

Holotype male, California Academy of Sciences, Ent. no. 6142, Jenny 
Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, June 20, 1940 (G. HE. 
Bohart). Paratypes, 3 males and 11 females from the following locali- 
ties: Grand Teton National Park (E. C. Van Dyke, G. E. Bohart) ; Butte 
Pass Creek, Butte Co., Idaho (R. Bohart); Craters of the Moon, Idaho 
(R. Bohart) ; Giveout, Idaho; Wallowa Lake, Oregon (I. McCracken) ; 
Colfax, Washington (C. L. Fox). Collections were made in June and 
July. 

The only other species with similar markings is marginalis Cresson 
which, however, has abundant erect black hair on tergite I and in the 
male the middle femur and tibia are less abruptly swollen. Also in 
marginalis males the sixth antennal segment is less than 3 times its 
greatest breadth whereas in albopictus and the parent species it is nearly 
4 times. 


EBumenes sculleni, new species 


Male.—Black and yellow. Yellow markings are: mandible partly, 
clypeus, interantennal mark reaching clypeus, scape in front, postocular 
line, humeral band, posterior pronotal angle, 2 mesopleural spots, lateral 
mesonotal spot in front of tegula, parategula, tegula partly, small scu- 
tellar spots, line across postscutellum, propodeal angle, legs partly inelud- 
ing all of tibiae, large ovoid spots separated by less than their diameter 
at apical two-fifths of tergite I and narrow apical margin, transverse 
band on tergite II before middle and connected laterally with broad 
apical band, latter greatly expanded toward middle where it is slightly 
notched in front, apical margins of tergites III to V and sternites II to 
VI, dot near apex of sternite I. Antennal apex reddish; wings lightly 
stained. Pubescence abundant, thick and fulvous. That of tergite I 
mostly 4 ocellus diameters long, that of II about 2 ocellus diameters, 
that on apical one-half of tergite II eurved toward head contrary to that 
on basal one-half of tergite. Puncturation of head and thorax moderately 
close, that of clypeus more coarse toward base. Abdominal tergites very 


Bohart—New Species of Solitary Vespidae 79 


finely and sparsely punctured, polished; puncturation at middle of tergite 
II minute; about the same as that at middle of II. Clypeus longer than 
broad, emargination a rounded v; last antennal segment slender, flat- 
tened, and minutely pubescent beneath; first abdominal segment stout, 
about two-fifths as broad as long, second tergite subglobose, swelling 
abruptly and roundly from base. Length to apex of second tergite 
12.0 mm. 

Female.—Markings and structure about as in male. Clypeus sometimes 
with a small median black mark, mandible mostly black, transverse band 
on tergite II sometimes narrowly broken (likewise in some male para- 
types). Length to apex of second tergite about 12.5 mm. 

Holotype male, California Academy of Sciences, Ent. no. 6143, Charles- 
ton Mts., Clark Co., Nevada, 7500 feet, July 25, 1942 (H. A. Seullen). 
Paratypes, 5 males and 2 females, same data as type; 1 male, Charleston 
Mts, Nevada, 9000 feet, June 21, 1940 (R. M. Bohart). I have also seen 
a male specimen from Dry Canyon, Iron Co., Utah, August 3, 1919. 

This species is very close to HE. verticalis tricinctus Isely and might 
be a localized race of it. However, all of the type specimens differ clear- 
ly in the pubescence and more globular shape of the second tergite. The 
markings of sculleni are similar in the 2 sexes, whereas in tricinctus the 
female is usually much yellower. Also, the second tergite in sculleni is 
black basally although the yellow bands are broad. This gives it a 
broadly striped appearance rather than the more patchy or spotted aspect 
of tricinctus. Furthermore, the barely punctate condition of the tergites 
is not often found in tricinctus where at least tergite II has small dis- 
tinct punctures. 


Eumenes crucifera flavitinctus, new subspecies 


-Male.—Yellow with reddish markings and a small amount of black. 
Reddish are: antennal flagellum, tip of mandible, frons partly, occiput 
and vertex mostly, stains along thoracic sutures, posterior spot on 
pronotum, mesonotum except for triangular lateral spot, mesopleural 
spot, legs partly, especially on femora, first tergite largely, base of 
second and transverse spot across summit, basal marks on other tergites 
and sternites (seen when these are extended). Black are: spot around 
ocelli, basal one-fifth of first tergite. Wings lightly brown stained, 
reddish toward base. Pubescence golden, inconspicuous. Puncturation of 
head and thorax moderate and close. Tergite I well punctured but 
punctures separated by about 1 to 2 puncture diameters at middle of 
tergite. Those at middle of second tergite finer but closer, becoming 
farther apart toward sides and base of tergite. Length to apex of second 
tergite 11.0 mm. 

Female.——Markings about as in male. Mesonotum sometimes with a 
median anterior yellow line and small posterolateral spot. Reddish band 
across second tergite usually broken medially. Length to apex of second 
tergite about 12.0 mm. 

Holotype male, Cornell University, Lot 542, sub 327, Blythe, California, 
August 20, 1927. Paratypes, 1 male and 6 females from the following 
California localities: Blythe (J. MacSwain, C. M. Dammers) ; Coachella 
(E. C. Van Dyke) ; Laguna Dam, Imperial Co. (C. M. Dammers) ; Palm 
Springs. Collecting dates are May 25 to November 25. 

This subspecies differs from all other known Ewmenes of North Amer- 


80 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


ica by its predominantly yellow markings and great reduction of the 
black. It represents the extreme desert type of crucifera Prov. Occa- 
sional specimens of the typical subspecies from more northern points in 
California tend toward yellow and red but all of these that I have seen 
have the thorax mostly black. The abdominal puncturation is finer than 
in typical crucifera and much finer than in subspecies bolliformis 
Viereck. 


Dolichodynerus vandykei, new species 


Male.—Black with the following yellow markings: inverted w-shaped 
mark on upper half of clypeus, interantennal dot, scape in front, humeral 
margin, anterior spot on tegula, mesopleural spot, stripe across scutellum 
posteriorly, outer stripes on tibiae, membrane on propodeum below, bands 
on apical margins of tergites I to IV and sternites II and IV, exposed 
portions of sternites V to VII mostly. Brownish are: most of terminal 
3 antennal segments, wing veins, leg joints and tarsi. Pubescence pale 
and inconspicuous. Punetures moderate on head and thorax, coarse and 
close on most of abdomen, sparse on humps of vertex, well-spaced on 
pronotum, well-spaced but distinct on tergite V. Emargination of 
clypeus shallow, sides not produced into sharp points; antennal hook 
small reaching base of XI; head slightly longer than broad, swollen 
behind eyes and between ocelli so that vertex has 3 pairs of swellings, 
ocular emargination depressed about an ocellus diameter below eye level. 
Humeral margin carinate; mesonotum with a longitudinal median ridge; 
scutellum and postscutellum not raised, propodeum rough, continued on a 
level with postscutellum for about 5 ocellus diameters, then sharply 
nearly vertical. First abdominal segment longer both above and below 
than second, also longer than broad above; tergites III and IV with sub- 
basal transverse ridges which prevent telescoping of their segments be- 
neath II. Length to apex of second tergite 7.0 mm. 

Female.—Markings and structure much as in male. Clypeus and scape 
black, antenna reddish beneath toward apex, faint reddish postocular 
spots, tibiae black, sternites III and IV with lateral spots, V and VI 
black. Head swellings a little less prominent, covered with scattered 
punctures. Length to apex of second tergite about 9.5 mm. 

Holotype male, California Academy of Sciences, Ent. no. 6144, Mari- 
copa Mts., Arizona, April 14, 1947 (H. and M. Townes). Paratypes, 7 
males and 3 females from the following localities in Arizona: Maricopa 
Mts. (H. and M. Townes), Tempe, Santa Rita Mts. (W. Benedict), 
Nogales (E. C. Van Dyke), Santa Catalina Mts. (H. A. Seullen), 5 mi. 
N. Wickenburg (L. K. Gloyd). Collecting dates were in every month 
from April through August. 

Structurally this species is very close to turgiceps R. Bohart, differing 
mainly in details of the clypeus. There appear to be several constant 
pattern differences, however. The following is a key to the 3 known 
species. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DOLICHODYNERUS 


1. Tergites III and IV without a subbasal ridge; eye emarginations 

level with eyes; markings black, orange-red and yellow__.____..... 
tanynotus Cameron 

Tergites III and IV with a subbasal ridge which prevents their 


Bohart—New Species of Solitary Vespidae 81 


telescoping under II; eye emarginations sharply depressed be- 
neath eye level; markings essentially black and yellow... 2 
2. Clypeal emargination ending in spiniform teeth; puncturation at 
apical middle of tergite V indistinct; tergite I with a large sub- 
basal crescentie yellow spot; male with clypeus edged in black 
and interantennal spot linear_______________.._...turgiceps R. Bohart 
Clypeal emargination not ending in spiniform teeth; puncturation 
at apical middle of tergite V distinct; tergite I black except 
for apical band; male clypeus with apical two-thirds black, 
basal one-third yellow; male interantennal spot dot-like__..__. 
vandykei R. Bohart 


Symmorphus projectus, new species 

Male.—Black with yellow markings as follows: mandible mostly, 
clypeus, scape in front, interantennal and postocular spots, spot on 
humeral angle, tegular and mesopleural spots, 2 spots on scutellum, legs 
partly, apical margins of tergites I, II, IV and sternite II (all except 
that on tergite I incomplete). Apices of antenna and tarsi reddish 
brown; wings brown-tinted. Pubescence obscure. Clypeus and tergites 
IT to VII finely punctured. Head about as broad as long in front view, 
clypeus weakly incised, interantennal carina absent or very faint, humeral 
angle sharply projecting, last antennal segment more than three-quarters 
as long as XII, postcarinal area of tergite I half as long as its apical 
breadth. Length to apex of second tergite 6.0 mm. 

Female.—Markings and structure about as in male except as follows: 
antenna black, clypeus with a basal yellow spot, tergite IV black. Head 
swollen between eyes, vertex pits subequal in circumference to posterior 
ocelli. Length to apex of second tergite 7.5 mm. 

Holotype male, Calif. Acad. Sci. Ent. no. 6145, Fallen Leaf Lake, 
Eldorado Co., Calif., July 1931 (O. H. Swezy). Paratypes, 40 males and 
39 females from the following California localities: Mineral King, Gold 
Lake, Berkeley, Davis, Fallen Leaf Lake, Tokopah Valley, Quincy, Tahoe, 
Angora Peak, San Bernardino Mts., Sequoia National Park, Coffee Creek, 
S. Sonoma Co., Snowline Camp, Carl Inn, Danville, Fort Seward, Alta, 
Santa Cruz Mts., Mendocino Co., Ventura Co., Calaveras Co., Martinez, 
Mt. Diablo, West Los Angeles, and Santa Monica. Also, 17 males and 13 
females from Oak Creek Canyon and Workman Creek, Arizona; Wallowa 
National Forest, Klamath Lake, and Forest Grove, Oregon. Other speci- 
mens have been studied from Washington, British Columbia, Idaho, Wyo- 
ming and Montana. As indicated by the paratype localities, the species 
is widespread in California, occurring from sea level to over 10,000 ft. 
in the Sierras. 

There is considerable variation in markings (some specimens have 
complete yellow bands on several abdominal segments) and degree of 
prominence of the humeral angles. The suppression of the interantennal 
carina, the large last antennal segment in the male, and the short broad 
first tergite differentiate it from other known species. 


84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Vol. 63, pp. 85-88 May 25, 1950 
PROCEEDINGS 
eI OF THE 
Sa STI GBJOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


’ 95 106 
WAY < nwo? APPARENTLY NEW OVEN-BIRDS FROM 


! ee COLOMBIA 
Tir “A 
ms ONAL MUSEL” By W. E. Cuypz Topp 


In working over the Furnariidae or Oven-birds in the collec- 
tion of the Carnegie Museum not long since I came across two 
specimens, one of an Asthenes and one of a Philydor, which 
proved to be not readily determinable. Since they required 
further investigation, they were omitted from the brief paper 
summarizing the results of my study of this group (Annals 
Carnegie Museum, 31, 1948, 33-43). One of these appears to 
represent a form new to science; the other, if now correctly 
identified, involves and necessitates the description of a new 
form from an outlying region. Although naturally reluctant 
to describe such new forms on the basis of single specimens, I 
propose to waive my reservations in these particular cases, in 
the hope that future investigations will confirm my findings. 

I take advantage of this opportunity to correct the number of the type- 
specimen of my Sclerurus rufigularis furfurosus, wrongly cited in the 
paper (l.c.) as 83,826. It should be 82,826. Also, my Certhiaxis cinna- 
momea albescentior (p. 38) is undoubtedly the same as the Certhiazxis 
cinnamomea valenciana Zimmer and Phelps (Am. Mus. Nov. No. 1270, 
1944, 7), the description of which was inadvertently overlooked. 


Asthenes wyatti sanctae-martae, subsp. nov. 


Type, No. 45,261, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Macotama, 
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, April 6, 1914; M. A. Carriker, 
Jr. 

Subspecific characters.—Similar to Asthenes wyatti wyatti (Sclater) of 
the Eastern Andes of Colombia and the Andes of Merida, but smaller, 
and upperparts not so coarsely streaked, the streaks inclining to brown 
rather than to black. 


Measurements.— 

C. M. No. 45261 ¢ Wing, 58; tail, 61; bill, 13 
45270 ¢ 58 63 11.5 

45282 ¢ 59 66 12 

45325 ¢@ 57 60 14 

45366 ¢ 60 66 14 
45408 ¢ 57 54 12.5 
45411 ¢ 61 64 13.5 

Average 58.5 62.5 13 


17—Proo. Brou. Soo. WasH., Vou. 63, 1950 (85) 


86 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Kange.—Paramo Zone, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern 
Colombia. 

Kemarks—Some years ago Messrs. Phelps and Gilliard (Am. Mus. 
Nov. No. 1153, 1941, 8) discriminated a supposed new race of this 
species, Asthenes wyatti mucuchiesi, from the Andes of Merida. Their 
comparisons were made with our Santa Marta series of (supposed) 
wyatti, which (presumably on Chapman’s authority—Am. Mus. Nov. No. 
18, 1921, 4) were considered ‘‘essentially identical’’ with the type of 
the species from the Paramo de Pamplona in the Eastern Andes of 
Colombia. Hellmayr had called attention to certain divergencies between 
the two, but these were dismissed (I think rightly) as due to individual 
variations. Now it is the exception, in the case of alticoline species, to 
find a given form common to the Eastern Andes and the Sierra Nevada 
of Colombia, but represented by a different form in the Andes of Merida 
(cf. Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, 88). The only 
exception I now recall is in the case of Cinclodes fuscus (cf. Ann. 
Carnegie Mus., 31, 1948, 34). Judging by analogy, one would sooner 
expect to find the birds of the Eastern Andes and of the Andes of 
Merida (respectively) the same and that of the Sierra Nevada different. 

Accordingly, I sent our single specimen (a male in good condition) 
from Teta de Niquitao, Venezuela, and which had been handled by 
Phelps and Gilliard in connection with their own, to the British Museum 
(Natural History) for comparison with the type-specimen of wyatti. 
The report, made for the Curator of Birds, says, ‘‘ Your specimen of 
Asthenes agrees in appearance and measurements with our type of 
Asthenes wyatti wyatti (Synallaxis wyattt Sclater and Salvin, P.Z.S., 
‘1870,’ p. 840, 1871). Any slight differences can, I think, be attributed 
to individual variation.’’ Our specimen measures: wing, 64; tail, 74; 
bill, 16. In the original description of mucuchiesi the measurements 
average a little smaller. 

In the original description of wyatti the measurements of the wing 
and tail, converted into millimeters, are 50.8 and 71.1. (The type is a 
male.) I am unable to reconcile the figure for the wing-length with the 
positive statement that our specimen ‘‘agrees in appearance and mea- 
surements’’ with the type. The Santa Marta male having the shortest 
wing in our series has this member 57 mm. long. Feeling as I did that 
the original wing-measurement, as given (and repeated) by Sclater was 
untrustworthy, I wrote again to Mr. J. D. McDonald of the Bird Section 
of the British Museum, asking him to make new measurements of the 
type, using the same methods as I had done in making my own. He now 
reports that these measurements are as follows: wing, 63 mm.; tail, 71; 
exposed culmen, 15. 

The upshot of all this discussion is to suggest that the population of 
the Andes of Merida is in fact identical with that of the Eastern Andes, 
and that it is the Sierra Nevada bird which deserves to be named. How- 
ever, I am unable to verify most of the color-differences claimed to exist 
between the Merida and the Sierra Nevada bird, insofar as my material 
goes. The size-difference is the best character. 


Philydor fulvescens, sp. nov. 


Type, No. 59,009, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; El] Tambor, 
Santander, Colombia, December 9, 1916; M. A. Carriker, Jr. 


Todd—Two New Oven-Birds from Colombia 87 


Description.—Pileum medal bronze; hindneck and sides of the neck 
(behind the auriculars) Sudan brown, forming an ill-defined half- 
collar); back bright Dresden brown, passing into Sudan brown on the 
rump and upper tail-coverts; wings hair brown, the primary-coverts 
darker (chetura drab), the greater coverts more or less edged and 
tipped with the color of the back; tail uniform auburn; superciliaries 
buff; postorbital line and (indefinite) subauricular line dull Sudan 
brown, the auricular area buffy-tinged; throat colonial buff, becoming 
duller on the rest of the underparts, the sides of the breast shaded with 
chamois-color; under wing-coverts chamois-color; remiges below mar- 
gined with pale buffy; ‘‘iris brown; bill black above, flesh-color below; 
feet yellowish olive.’’ Wing, 91; tail, 72; bill, 19; tarsus, 18.5. 

RKange.—Known only from the type-locality, in the Rio Lebrija region 
of Colombia. 

Remarks.—The above specimen was submitted to Dr. John T. Zimmer 
of the American Museum of Natural History for examination. He re- 
ported as follows: ‘‘I have examined the specimen of Philydor which 
you sent with a great deal of interest. I agree with you that it appears 
to be intermediate between subfulvus and erythronotus, but it does not 
exactly match anything that we have in the collection. Possibly it 
represents an undescribed race. 

‘<T see no reason why the type of erythronotus could not have been a 
Bogota skin. Additional material apparently was found in Remedios in 
the Antioquia region, and certainly some of the Bogot4 skins may easily 
have been collected in the Antioquia area. ... There is no certainty that 
the examples from the west which have been identified as erythronotus 
are exactly like the types. Nevertheless, the description of erythronotus 
indicates a bird with considerably more rufescent coloration on the under- 
parts than is shown by your specimen, and I doubt if your bird repre- 
sents true erythronotus.’’ 

Our specimen was later compared with the type of Philydor erythro- 
notus (Sclater and Salvin) in the British Museum, with the following 
result: ‘‘ Your specimen of Philydor does not agree with our type of P. 
erythronotus. 

‘¢The upper parts of the type are chestnut rufous, and not olivaceous 
brown as in your bird. 

‘<The underparts of the type are again rufous and not olive brown. 
In other words, imagine your specimen with its olivaceous brown re- 
placed by chestnut rufous and you get a picture of the colour of the 
type. There is however a certain amount of basic brown in the crown. 

‘‘The tail feathers are identical in colour, as are the primary and 
secondary wing feathers, although the inner secondaries of the type are 
all slightly tipped with rufous.’’ 

For the time being, and provisionally, I am describing this form asa . 
full species, pending final determination of its affinities. It hails from 
& point so relatively close to the Antioquian region as to suggest that 
such a ranking would not be improbable. 


= 3 pee 


| 


pa Hs 


rsJIOos/™~ 


Vol. 63, pp. 89-96 May 25, 1950 
ee PROCEEDINGS 
<SOWIAN INSTT I. OF THE 
= BI@LOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
MAY “2 @ 195% 
AN 
17 FROM TEXAS 


{Q “\ 
Som AL muse) (DECAPODA, ASTACIDAE) 


Horton H. Hosss, Jr. 


For many years the genus Cambarellus in the United States 
has been almost totally neglected, and subsequent to 1884, 
except for the repetition of ‘‘Louisiana’’ locality records and 
two new state records? for Cambarellus shufeldti (Faxon 
1884 :134), practically nothing appeared in the literature until 
1942. Penn (1942 :644-647) published notes on the biology of 
C. shufeldtwu, and in commenting on its range in Louisiana 
stated that it ‘‘has been found only east of the Mississippi 
and Atchafalaya Rivers.’’ Hobbs and Marchand (19438:18) 
added three Tennessee records, all of which were in the vicin- 
ity of Reelfoot Lake, Obion County. In 1942 I described 
Cambarellus schmittt (Hobbs 1942:149), which extended the 
known range of the genus from Louisiana eastward to Alachua 
Co., Florida. In 1945 two additional species were described: 
C. diminutus (Hobbs 1945 :467) from Liberty Co., Texas, and 
C. puer (Hobbs 1945:469) from Mobile Co., Alabama. 

Prior to the discovery of schmitti, puer and diminutus, it was gener- 
ally considered that the genus Cambarellus was principally a Mexican 
one and largely confined to the Mexican Plateau. With the discovery of 
the aforementioned species it became evident that the genus was much 
more widely dispersed than was originally supposed. Actual locality 
records are still few, and these are widely scattered, thus indicating that 
additional collecting is badly needed from the Mexican Plateau eastward. 
to Florida and in the interior in Texas, southern Oklahoma, Arkansas, 
Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, and perhaps Georgia. 

My first specimens of the species described below were sent to me by 
Mr. Joel W. Hedgpeth from the Aransas Refuge, Aransas County, Texas. 
Later Mr. Robert P. Allen kindly made several additional collections. I 
wish to express my appreciation to both of them for sending me the 
specimens on which the following description is based. 


Cambarellus ninae, sp. nov. 


Diagnosis.—Areola broad, never more than three times as long as wide, 
with five or six punctations in narrowest part; first form male with 
hooks on second and third pereiopods strong and recurved, those on 


1Miller School of Biology, University of Virginia. 
2Tllinois (Faxon 1914:371) and Mississippi (Lyle 1938:76). 
3IT name this species in honor of my daughter, Nina Thompson Hobbs. 


18—Proo. Brou. Soo. WA8H., Vou. 63, 1950 (89) 


90 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


third bituberculate; palm of chela smooth; postorbital ridges terminating 
cephalad in spines; lateral surface of carapace devoid of spines. First 
pleopod of first form male extending to coxopodite of third pereiopod 
and terminating in three distinct parts all of which are bent caudad at 
angles less than, equal to, or greater than a right angle, and central 
projection exceeding the other terminal elements in length, First pleopod 
of second form male with terminal elements directed at about a 45-50 
degree angle to the main shaft of the appendage and with the central 
projection markedly longer than either of the other terminal elements. 
Annulus ventralis semiovate with sinus only slightly to the left (or to the 
right) of middle. 

Holotypic Male, Form I.—Body in eross section subovate, compressed 
laterally. Width of abdomen less than that of carapace. Width of 
carapace in region of caudodorsal margin of cervical groove slightly 
less than depth. Greatest width of carapace caudad to caudodorsal mar- 
gin of cervical groove. 

Areola about three times as long as wide and approximately 33.7% of 

entire length of carapace; five or six punctations in narrowest part. 
Rostrum broad at base with margins converging to base of acumen; 
lateral spines acute and setting off an acute acumen which reaches almost 
to distal end of penultimate segment of peduncle of antennule. Surface 
of rostrum with setiferous punctations. Postorbital ridges terminate 
cephalad in small acute tubercles. Subrostral ridges visible in dorsal 
aspect along most of length of rostrum. 

Surface of carapace punctate. No spine present on lateral surface. 
Suborbital angle acute and prominent. Branchiostegal spine absent. 

Abdomen longer than thorax. Cephalic section of telson with two 
spines in the left and one in the right caudolateral corner. 

Epistome as seen in fig. 2. 

Antennules of the usual form. A moderate spine present on the ventro- 
mesial margin of basal segment. 

Antennae extending caudad to telson. Antennal scale broad; broadest 
portion near midlength; spine on outer margin moderately strong, ex- 
tending cephalad to middle of distal segment of peduncle of antennule. 

First pereiopod with propus subovate, long, slightly inflated, with 
setiferous punctations. Opposable margins of both fingers with minute 
denticles and hairs. Neither finger bearing ridges. 

Carpus longer than broad with setiferous punctations. A single large 
acute tubercle present on lower distolateral margin. 

Upper surface of merus with a small tubercle on distal third and an 
additional one on distolateral margin, otherwise with setiferous puncta- 
tions. 

Ischiopodites of second and third pereiopods with hooks; both hooks 
strongly recurved and that on third bituberculate. 

Coxopodite of fourth pereiopod with a conspicuous ventrally projecting 
prominence; that of fifth pereiopod with a much smaller, more com- 
pressed one. 

First pleopod reaching coxopodite of third pereiopod. Tip terminating 
in three distinct parts. Mesial process slender, non-corneous, and 
directed caudad with the tip decidedly recurved. Cephalic process absent. 
Central projection corneous, longer than the other two terminals, directed 
caudad, and lying subparallel to the mesial process. Caudal process, 


Hobbs—A New Crayfish from Texas 91 


the slenderest of the three terminals, arises from the caudolateral mar- 
gin, is non-corneous, more acute than mesial process, and while directed 
subparallel to the other two terminals does not extend so far caudad. 

Allotypic Female.—The allotypic female differs from the holotype in 
only a few minor points; however, in addition to the usual dimorphic con- 
dition of the chelae of the two sexes, in the allotype they are distinctly 
more setose; both fingers with submedian longitudinal ridge above; 
opposable margin of immovable finger with a single tubercle and two on 
opposable margin of dactyl (see fig. 12); spine on upper distal surface 
of merus strong. Annulus ventralis movable; compressed in the longi- 
tudinal axis of the body, subtriangular in caudal aspect with the sinuate 
sinus to the right of the apex of the triangle. Sternal plate immediately 
caudad to annulus acute. 

Morphotypic Male, Form II.—Differs only slightly from the holotype: 
chela more setiform than those in holotype; hooks on ischiopodites of 
second and third pereiopods much reduced. The three terminal elements 
of first pleopod all present; however, none is corneous; central projection 
markedly larger and longer than either of the other terminals. 

Measurements.—In millimeters. 


Holotype Allotype Morphotype 


Carapace — 
height 4.4 5.9 4.0 
width 4.1 5.7 4.3 
length 8.3 11.9 7.9 
Areola — 
length 2.8 3.8 2.6 
width 1.1 EG 0.9 
Rostrum — 
length 2.0 3.0 2.1 
width 1.4 1.9 5 
Right Chela — 
length, inner margin 2.4 3.3 2.5 
of palm 
width of palm 1.6 2.2 Eo | 
length, outer margin 5.6 6.4 5.8 
of hand 
length of dactyl 2.8 3.0 2.7 


Type Locality—Borrow ditches in the Aransas Refuge (along East 
Shore Road), Aransas Co., Texas. 

Disposition of Types.—The holotypie first form male, the morphotypic 
male, form II, and the allotypic female are deposited in the United 
States National Museum, Nos. 89768, 89769, and 89770. From the para- 
typic series, one male, form I, one male, form II, and a female are de- 
posited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and similar series are 
at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology and in the collection 
of George H. Penn, Jr. at Tulane University (No. 1351). Five first 
form males, seven second form males, and eleven females are retained in 
my personal collection at the University of Virginia. 

Specimens Examined.—The following specimens were collected in the 
Aransas Refuge, Aransas County, Texas by Messrs. Joel W. Hedgpeth 
and Robert P. Allen: April 24, 1946—1 ¢ I, 1 ¢ IJ,19 (J.W.H.); 


92 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


February 22, 1948—1 ¢ II, 1 ¢ (R.P.A.); March 2, 1948—9 ¢ 6 I, 
11 636 II, 1599 (R.P.A.); March 2, 1948—1 9 with eggs (R.P.A.); 
March 30, 1948—1 ¢ II, 1 92 with eggs (R.P.A.); March 30, 1948— 
7 $¢6.IL 11 92 (RP.A.); April 3; 1948—2 66 1,2 66 1,4 29 
2424 imm., 3 22 imm. (R.P.A.); January 8, 1949—1 ¢ I, 4 99 
(R.P.A.). 

Relationships.—With little doubt this species has its closest affinities 
with Cambarellus puer Hobbs, and may prove to be a subspecies of the 
latter. Since there is some indication that there may be intergradation 
between puer and schmitti, until a thorough study of this complex is 
made it seems advisable to accord all three of these specific status. Dr. 
George H. Penn, Jr. is now engaged in conducting a survey of this 
genus in the United States. 

Variations —The most significant variations are illustrated in the 
figures; however, there are marked differences in the development of the 
postorbital ridges—in some specimens they terminate cephalad in long 
spines which extend cephalad to the cephalolateral margins of carapace. 
Recently molted specimens are distinctly more setose. 


Key to the species of the genus Cambarellus occurring in the 
United States (Based on the First Form Male) 


1 Terminal elements of first pleopod straight 
C. shufeldtii (Faxon 1884; 134) 

ry Terminal elements of first pleopod directed caudad or caudo- 
GS Bey sotto soe Ta 2 

2(1’) Central projection of first pleopod extending farther caudad 
than other terminal’ elements 2.2 2 2 ey C. ninae (supra) 

oF Central projection of first pleopod never extending farther 
caudad than. other ;terming ls) ye eee 3 


3(2’) Lateral spines on carapace small or absent. Areola five to six 
times longer than broad. Mesial process of first pleopod 
bent at approximately an 80° angle to the main shaft of the 
ACMI eee eM. NNN Ui ae __.C. puer (Hobbs 1945: 469) 

a Lateral spines present on sides of carapace. Areola two to 
four times longer than broad. Mesial process of first pleopod 
of first form male bent at less than an 80° angle to the main 
shaft jot the appendage. 0 ke ee ee i 

4(3’) First form male with bitubereulate hooks on ischiopodites of 
second and third pereiopods; caudal process of first pleopod 
subspiculiform; central projection scythe-like. Areola about 
three times as long as broad ____.. C. schmitti Hobbs (1942: 149) 

4’ First form male with bituberculate hooks on ischiopodites of 
third pereiopods only, those on second simple; caudal proc- 
ess of first pleopod acute but definitely not spiculiform; 
central projection subtriangular. Areola about twice as long 
as broad. Annulus ventralis subequal in breadth and depth 

C. diminutus Hobbs (1945: 467) 


Hobbs—A New Crayfish from Texas 93 


LITERATURE CITED 


FAXxoNn, WALTER 1884. Descriptions of new species of Cambarus; to 
which is added a synonymical list of the known species of Cambarus 
and Astacus. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 20: 107-158. 

1914. Notes on the crayfishes in the United States National 
Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology with descriptions 
of new species and subspecies to which is appended a catalogue of 
the known species and subspecies. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard 
Coll., 40 (8): 347-427, 11 pls. 

Hosss, Horton H., Jr. 1942. The crayfishes of Florida. Univ. of 
Florida Pub., Biol. Sci. Series, 3 (2): 1-179, 3 text figs., 11 maps, 
24 pls. 

1945. Two new species of crayfishes of the genus Cambarellus 
from the Gulf Coastal States, with a key to the species of the 
genus (Decapoda, Astacidae). Amer. Midl. Nat., 34 (2): 466-474, 
26 figs. 

AND L. J. MARCHAND 1943. A contribution toward a knowl- 
edge of the crayfishes of the Reelfoot Lake Area. Journ. Tenn. Acad. 
Sci., 18 (1): 6-35, 3 pls., 1 map. 

LYLE, CLAY 1938. The crawfishes of Mississippi, with special reference 
to the biology and control of destructive species. (Abstract) Iowa 
St. Coll. Journ. Sci., 13 (1): 75-77. 

PENN, GrorRGE H., JR. 1942. Observations on the biology of the dwarf 
crawfish, Cambarellus shufeldtti (Faxon). Amer. Midl. Nat., 28 (3): 
644-647, 1 fig., 1 table. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII 


Cambarellus ninae 


Fig. 1. Mesial view of first pleopod of holotype. 

Fig. 2. Epistome. 

Fig. 3. Lateral view of first pleopod of holotype. 

Fig. 4. Mesial view of first pleopod of paratypic male, form II. 
Fig. 5. Annulus ventralis of allotype. 

Fig. 6. Lateral view of first pleopod of paratypic male, form II. 
Fig. 7. Mesial view of first pleopod of male, form IT. 

Fig. 8. Mesial view of first pleopod of male, form I. 

Fig. 9. Lateral view of carapace. 


Fig. 10. Lateral view of first pleopod of male, form I. 
Fig. 11. Lateral view of first pleopod of male, form II. 
Fig. 12. Upper view of chela of allotype. 

Fig. 13. Dorsal view of carapace. 

Fig. 14. Ischiopodite of second pereiopod of male, form I. 
Fig. 15. Ischiopodite of third pereiopod of male, form I. 
Fig. 16. Antennal scale. 

Fig. 17. Upper view of chela of holotype. 


PLATE VIII PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. 63 


[94] 


96 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


conta ing} Pe 97-100 May 25, 1950 
) lips PROCEEDINGS 
= OF THE 


VANAY 9 -, 7OL: 
MAY © + iSSOBIQLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
= 


AT io» ed 
mONAL MUSE! NEW SPECIES OF APHIDIDAE 


F. C. Hortes 


The new species described herewith were collected near Sky- 
way, Colorado, a locality which has proved rather fruitful 
from the standpoint of new forms. The new names proposed 
are made necessary either because of mistaken identification or 
because of rules of nomenclature. 


Amphorophora kesocqua, new species 


Apterous viviparous female. 

Size and general color.—Length from vertex to tip of anal plate 2.78 
mm. Width of head through the eyes .47 mm. Length of hind tibiae 
2.17 mm. Head thorax and abdomen bluish-green. First and second 
antennal segments pale dusky, the second segment with some green. 
Antennal segments III, IV, and V pale dusky with apical portions 
brown. Antennal segment VI brown with apical portion lighter. Femora 
green with basal portion quite pale. Tibiae pale dusky green with apical 
portions brown. Tarsi brown. Basal half of cornicles pale green remain- 
ing portion pale dusky with region just anterior to flange darkest. Cauda 
pale dusky setulose surface brown. 

Head thorax and appendages.—Antennal tubercles well developed, with 
the inner margins of the tubercles free from hair. Hair lacking on ante- 
rior margin of head. Third antennal segment with four small non tuber- 
culate sensoria arranged in a straight row. Third antennal segment 
smooth, hair sparce dull at the tip but not knobbed. All hair on antennae 
shorter than width of segment, some hair less than one half the width of 
the segment in length. Segments IV, V, and VI imbricated. On IV and 
V the imbrications are far apart. Comparative length of antennal seg- 
ments as follows: IIT .815 mm., IV .50 mm., V .386 mm., VI .171 + .443 
mm. The rostrum reaches beyond the mesothoracic coxae but fails to reach 
those of the metathorax. The prothorax is provided with a pair of poorly 
developed lateral tubercles. The hair on the hind tibiae is shorter than 
the width of the tibiae, none of the hairs are knobbed and some are 
much longer than others. The hair on the inner surface of the tibiae 
is much more abundant than that on the outer side; this is especially 
true of the hair near the apex. 

The abdomen.—There are no lateral tubercles on the abdomen. The 
hair on the abdomen is sparse very short and fine in quality. The 
eornicles are .715 mm. long. The cornicles are very moderately swollen 
beyond the middle and the entire surface is weakly imbricated. The 
flange at the apex of the cornicles is well developed. The cauda is .328 
mm. long. The cauda has a very pronounced setulose surface, it is some- 
what constricted at its point of origin with the abdomen but not other- 
wise, it is much flattened and very broad throughout, with the apex dull. 


19—Proc. Brow. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (97) 


98 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


The anal plate is very broad and shallow, its surface is conspicuously 
steulose, it is very peculiar and distinguished by the almost total lack of 
long hair on its surface and margins. 

This species described from a single specimen, although three or four 
others were observed in nature, is unique in a number of respects. The 
lack of hair on the inner margins of the antennal tubercles and from 
the anterior margin of the vertex, the conspicuously short terminal proc- 
ess, the few long hair on the anal plate and the shape of the cauda, serve 
to separate at once from Amphorophora rubi Kalt. and the green form 
of Amphorophora tigwatensa Hottes. 

Holotype deposited in the United States National Museum. Host 
Rubus sp. Skyway, Colorado, July 21, 1949. 


Amphorophora agathonica, new species 


Alate viviparous female. 

Size and general color.—Average length from vertex to tip of anal 
plate 2.91 mm. range in length from 2.29-3.58 mm. Width of head 
through the eyes .50-.54 mm. Head light dusky brown with darker 
brown along margins of antennal tubercles, margin median to the eyes 
and laterally. First and second antennal segments concolorous with 
head with median margins darker, remaining segments of antennae with 
the exception of the extreme base of the third, which is light in color 
dark brown to dusky black. Rostrum dusky with terminal segments 
brown. Prothorax light dusky with more or less green remainder of 
thorax dusky green with thoracic lobes darkest. Abdomen green. Corni- 
cles pale greenish at the base shading to dusky at the beginning of the 
swollen area, remainder of cornicle dusky with the constricted portion just 
before the flange darkest. Anal plate more or less dusky brown under- 
layed with green. Cauda light dusky due to setulose surface, underlayed 
with green. Tibiae greenish dusky near base shading to dusky brown at 
apex. Tarsi dark brown. Veins of wings dusky very lightly bordered. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal tubercles very well developed. An- 
tennal segments with the following comparative lengths: IIIT 1.15-1.36 
ave. 1.21 mm., IV .79-1.07 ave. .99 mm., V .71-.92 ave. .81 mm., VI .15- 
17 +1.11-1.43 ave. 1.29 mm. Secondary sensoria limited to the third 
antennal segment. The sensoria vary in size, have wide rims, are slightly 
tuberculate are irregularly arranged and extend throughout the length 
of the segment. In number the sensoria vary from 53-72 and average 57, 
however 54 is the more common number. Hair on the third antennal 
segment is sparse somewhat variable in length but always shorter than 
one half the width of the segment. The longer hair is slightly knobbed 
at the apex. Antennal segments four five and six are slightly imbricated. 
The rostrum just fails to reach the coxae of the mesothoracic pair of 
legs. 

Thorax and appendages.—The prothorax is provided with a pair of 
small lateral tubercles. These as a rule are very difficult to determine. 
Second branch of media variable in position in reference to first, most 
often closer to margin of wing than to first branch. 

The hind tibiae vary in length from 3.00-3.21 mm. The hair on the 
hind tibiae is subequal to the width of the tibiae in length, it is sharp 
pointed, rather sparse and coarse on the basal half, much finer more 
abundant and very much inclined near the apex. 


Hottes—New Species of Aphididae 99 


Abdomen.—There appear to be no lateral tubercles on the abdomen. 
The cornicles vary in length from .78-1.14 and average .92 mm. In about 
half the specimens the cornicles are longer than the fourth antennal 
segment, of the remainder most have the cornicles subequal to segment 
IV but a few specimens have segment IV very much longer than the 
cornicles. The cornicles are distinctly not smooth, but the imbrications 
are very fine and for the most part difficult to determine. The cornicles 
are evenly and moderately swollen distal to middle. Near the apex, in 
the region of the flange there is just an indication of more pronounced 
imbrications. The cauda varies in length from .35-.46 mm. As a rule it is 
.40 mm. or more in length. It is coarsely setulose and carries from four 
to six lateral hair, the apical hair being strongly ineurved. The dorsal 
surface of the cauda as a rule carries from two to three hair. The sides 
of the cauda are straight, or one side of the cauda is slightly indented. 
The anal plate is normal. 

Apterous viviparous female. 

Size and general color.—Length from vertex to tip of anal plate 3.43- 
0.21 average length 4.10 mm. Head thorax and abdomen of a uniform 
pale green, or with the head slightly lighter in color with a trace of 
light dusky at the margins and extending outwards on antennal segments 
one and two. Width of head across eyes .57-.60 mm. Antennal segments 
I and II pale dusky, III and IV pale dusky brown except for the base 
of III which is concolorous with II, segments V and VI dark dusky. 
Femora pale green with apical halves light dusky. Tibiae dusky with 
apical region much darker. Tarsi concolorous with tibiae. Cornicles 
and cauda similar to those of alate viviparous female. 

Head and appendages.—Antennal segments with the following propor- 
tional lengths: III 1.28-1.40 ave. length 1.32 mm., IV .88-1.14 ave. 1.00 
mm., V .71-.91 ave. .83 mm., VI .14-.18 most common length .17 mm. + 
1.14-1.43 ave. 1.28 mm. The secondary sensoria are confined to the third 
antennal segment, they are irregularly arranged and cover about three 
sides of the basal half of the segment. The sensoria are irregular in 
size, have wide rims and are only slightly tubereulate. The sensoria vary 
in number from 22; in only one case to 36 and average 32. The antennal 
tubercles are very well developed and carry four hair on the inner mar- 
gins. The anterior margin of the head is provided with two hair which 
are shorter than those on the antennal tubereles. The rostrum extends 
to or slightly beyond the mesothoraciec pair of legs. 

Thorax and appendages.—The prothorax is provided with a pair of 
poorly developed lateral tubercles. These are always difficult to deter- 
mine. The hind tibiae are from 3.28-3.93 mm. in length and average 3.76 
mm. 

Abdomen.—The ecornicles vary in length from 1.00-1.20 and average 
1.09 mm. The most common length of the cornicles is 1.07; they are 
almost without exception longer than the fourth antennal segment. The 
average length of the cauda is .55 mm. and the range in length is from 
.50-.64 mm. The sides of the cauda are for the most part straight but 
a slight indentation may occur in the region of the end of the anal plate. 
Five to six curved hair are located on the lateral surface of the cauda; 
these are shorter than the width of the cauda. The anal plate is normal 
in shape, it has a setulose surface and its margin is provided with long 
hair. 


100 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


This species is perhaps most closely allied to Amphorophora rubi 
(Kaltenbach) from which it differs in the following respects: The dark 
color of the cornicles or at least the dark apical halves of them, the 
cornicles not being smooth but very feebly imbricated, the larger number 
of secondary sensoria on antennal segment III, the difference being large 
in the case of the apterous viviparous females. Alate specimens of this 
species can not be keyed to rubi in Mason’s key, either because the cor- 
nicles are longer than antennal segment IV or because the sensoria num- 
ber more than 50. Apterous females can not be keyed to rubi in Mason’s 
key, either because of the color of the cornicles or because the sensoria 
number more than 30. From Amphorophora tigwatensa H. this species 
differs in the lighter color of the cornicles, the less well developed imbri- 
cations on the cornicles, the larger cauda and more numerous secondary 
sensoria. This species was collected on the young and tender stems and 
on the under sides of the leaves of Rubus sp. (Wild red raspberry). It is 
a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Lambers who confirmed 
my opinion that the species is not the Amphorophora rubi of Kaltenbach 
or one of the European varieties of that species. 

Holotype alate viviparous female Skyway, Colorado Aug. 6, 1933. 

Morphotype apterous viviparous female Skyway, Colorado July 21, 
1949. 

Holotype and Morphotype together with slides seen by Dr. Lambers 
deposited in United States National Museum. Paratypes and para- 
morphotypes taken at Skyway, Colorado during the summers of 1947, 
48 and 49. 

Macrosiphum cockerelli, new species 


On pages 47-51 of the 1949 volume of the Proceedings of the Bio- 
logical Society of Washington I described all forms of a species which 
I had determined as Macrosiphum rudbeckiarum. (Cockerell). Prof. 
Palmer has suggested that I give the species thus described a new name 
because of the larger number of sensoria on the third antennal segment 
of the alate viviparous female. I do this in deference to her suggestion 
and call the species Macrosiphum cockerelli after Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell 
who in the early years of our century showed an interest in the family 
Aphididae. Holotype alate viviparous female Skyway, Colorado July, 
1936 taken on Rudbeckia montana. Deposited in the United States Na- 
tional Museum. 


Capitophorus patonkus H.&F. var. coloradensis, new variety 


Capitophorus patonkus H.&F. is recorded from Colorado for the first 
time. Along with the typical forms there was taken during the summer 
of 1949 a form identical morphologically to the form described, this 
form however was a pale chocolate-brown covered over with a very light 
pulverulence suggesting a hoar frost, and the variety name coloradensis 
is suggested for it. Holotype and morphotype mounted on the same 
slide, with the following data: Skyway, Colorado July 1, 1949. Host 
Achillea millefolium. Deposited in the United States National Museum. 


Aphis tonahasa, new name 


Aphis ribis Sanborn, a homonym of a species described by Linnaeus 
has apparently not been redescribed under another name, or renamed. 
Being a homonym of a well known species a new name is in order and 
Aphis tonahasa is suggested. 


{eau AN INST)7 


y Ya 
{Ton at r= art st 


1 —__ “<7 


4 
Vol. 63, pp. 101-108 May 25, 1950 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
“BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
9 40GN =a 
& FI 1GOU 


| 
NEW BIRDS FROM NEPAL AND 
4 THE INDIAN REGION 


— 


By S. DILLton RIPLEY 


A 
During 1947 and again in 1948-49 I was privileged to be 


able to collect birds and mammals in Nepal as a guest of the 
Government of that Country and with the special permission 
of the Ruling Prime Ministers, their Highnesses Maharajah 
Sir Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, who resigned in 
1948, and his successor, Maharajah Sir Mohun Shamsher Jang 
Bahadur Rana. The first trip was sponsored by the Smith- 
sonian Institution and Yale University, the second by the 
National Georgraphie Society, Yale and the Smithsonian. The 
following new forms are described as a preliminary report on 
the collections of birds made in Nepal. A comprehensive re- 
port on the birds encountered will be published at a later date 
in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. I 
should like to express my gratitude at this time to the authori- 
ties of the three Societies and Institutions which supported 
this field work, and also my very warm thanks to the Prime 
Ministers of Nepal and their Government for permission te 
work in areas hitherto closed to all foreigners. 


Hemiprocne longipennis dryas, subsp. nov. 


Type:—é ad. (U.S.N.M. No. 389369), collected March 25, 1946, by 
Salim Ali at Juna, Rajpipla, south Gujerat. 

Diagnosis:—from coronata this race differs by being conspicuously 
paler gray above and paler on the lower throat and abdomen. In the 
male the chestnut patch on the sides of the face and chin is paler than 
in birds from the rest of India, Ceylon and eastwards to Siam. 

In size, the two specimens available of this race measure: wing ¢@ 148, 
Q 154; tail ¢ 110, 9 121. A series from eastern and southern India 
measure: wing 6 ¢ and 2Q 146.5-160. 

Range:—southern Gujerat, possibly into the Dangs. 

Remarks:—this species is uncommon in the western less well-wooded 
parts of India and has not been recorded from Rajputana or from west 
of Indore. I am most grateful to the authorities of the U. S. National 
Museum for allowing me to utilize this material, and to Mr. H. G. 
Deignan for attracting my attention to this form. 


Megalaima zeylanica rana, subsp. nov. 


Type:—é ad. (U.S.N.M. No. 408263), collected January 2, 1949, by 
S. Dillon Ripley at Bajora, Dailekh District, western Nepal. 


20—Proc. Bron. Soo. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (101) 


MAY 25 1950 


102 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Diagnosis:—from hodgsoni this race differs by being larger and dark- 
er, more brownish, particularly on the breast. The type and one other 
male measure: 


wing tail culmen 
Bajora, 2 66 140.5, 141 87, 87.5 34, 37 
Nepal, Sikkim, Assam 
19 @¢ and 2Q 120-137 (129.9) 78—-83.5 30-36 (33.2) 


Range:—Terai and foothills of extreme western Nepal. 

Remarks:—as the type locality of Megalaima hodgsoni Bonaparte 
(Consp. Gen. Avium, J, 1850, p. 144), is simply Nepal, I hereby restrict 
it to Simra in the Terai of central Nepal which is on the route from 
India to Katmandu, and which consequently forms a likely spot for the 
original type to have been collected. This new subspecies as well as 
hodgsoni belongs to the lineata subgroup within the species zeylanica, 
a subgroup characterized by having the space between the eye and bill 
feathered. 

In the Terai less than twenty miles to the south of Bajora which is in 
the ‘‘duns,’’ the inner valley behind the first range of hills, we found 
caniceps occurring, a race of the zeylanica subgroup of the species, a sub- 
group in which the skin between the eye and bill is bare. Formerly of 
course these forms were listed as separate species on this character alone, 
but I believe combining them into one species is justifiable as the forms 
replace each other and are presumably interfertile. 

Like so many Himalayan species, the populations tend to move down 
and reside at lower altitudes from west to east. In the western Himalayas 
M. zeylanica caniceps is found. I cannot recognize the size race kangrae 
Whistler which belongs to the naked-faced zeylanica subgroup according 
to Mr. Usher of the British Museum staff who has kindly examined the 
type for me. This form extends as far east in the hills as Kumaon. It 
may breed up to 4,000 feet and descends from there uniformly to the 
Plains. East of Kumaon it is found only in the Terai, gradually 
straggling southwards, so that finally in the eastern Nepal Terai it 
occurs only on the southern border of the Country, more properly in 
Bihar Province of India. The race rana of the lineatus subgroup then 
replaces caniceps in the western Nepal foothills. Then ranging farther 
east, hodgsoni descends finally from the foothills of central Nepal and is 
found in the Terai areas of eastern Nepal, Sikkim and Assam. 

It gives me great pleasure to dedicate this new subspecies to the Rana 
family, the family of the Prime Ministers of Nepal, who have made and 
shaped the destiny of that Country for over one hundred years. 


Dinopium shorii anguste, subsp nov. 


Type—dé ad. (U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. No. 377546), collected March 
12, 1945 by K. E. Stager six miles north of Myitkina, N. Burma. 

Diagnosis.—from shorii from the United Provinces, Nepal and Sikkim, 
this race differs in the male by the considerable reduction of the scarlet 
wash found over the golden back. In Burma specimens this reddish 
wash is confined to the lower back and rump. In the female this race 
differs by much smaller narrower white shafts on the crown and nape. 
While difficult to measure, in Burma females this white streak is not 
much over 1 millimeter in width, while in Indian examples it is in the 


Ripley—New Birds from Nepal andthe India Region 103 


neighborhood of 2 mm. In these rather narrowish lanceolate feathers 
which tend to be about 3% mm. wide, such a difference is at once clearly 
apparent. There is no difference in size between these populations. 
Range.—Burma from the Chin, Kachin Hills and Arakan Hills south 
to Thayetmyo. I have not examined northern Assam specimens. Pre- 
sumably those west of the Brahmaputra fit in with shorwi. If this species 
occurs in the Mishmi and Patkoi Hills it is probably the Burma form. 


Mulleripicus pulverulentus mohun, subsp. nov. 


Type.—¢ ad. (U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. No. 408175), collected December 
24, 1948 by S. Dillon Ripley at Jamu Ghat on the Bheri River, western 
Nepal. 

Diagnosis.—from harteri of Assam, Burma, Siam and Indochina, this 
subspecies differs by darker grey coloration both above and particularly 
on the lower parts. Also the malar stripe is duller and deeper, more 
vermilion than scarlet. There is no difference in size. 

Range.—The Terai and the foothills from the United Provinces 
through Nepal to Assam. Birds from North Cachar in Assam are 
hartertt. No specimens have been examined from north and west of the 
Brahmaputra. 

Remarks.—This magnificent Woodpecker is rare in collections from 
India and Nepal. The National Geographic Society-Yale University- 
Smithsonian Institution Expedition found it only in the heavily forested 
‘‘duns,’’ the valleys behind the first range of hills spreading north from 
the Terai. In western Nepal the forest in this region was primary and 
untouched, composed of tremendous ‘‘sal’’ trees (Shorea robusta) for 
the most part. 

It gives me great pleasure to name this subspecies in honor of the 
Prime Minister-Ruler of Nepal who did so much to make our Expedition 
a success, His Highness Maharajah Mohun Shamsher Jang Bahadur 
Rana, G.C.I.E., G.B.E. 


Garrulax striatus vibex, subsp. nov. 


Type:—@ ad. (U.S.N.M. No. 391175), collected April 29, 1947, by S. 
Dillon Ripley at Godavari, Central Valley, Nepal. 

Diagnosis:—from striatus this race differs by smaller size and gen- 
erally darker more olive-tinted upper surface and flanks. The dark 
edging to the median white streak, particularly on the back feathers, is 
darker than the similar streak in striatus. From sikkimensis, this race 
differs by being distinctly lighter, less red-brown, particularly on the 
back and lower parts, the dark edging to the median streaks noticeably 
darker. 

Measurements:—Central Nepal birds measure: wing 138-150.5, tail 
130.5-138, culmen 25.5-27, west Himalayan striatus measures: wing 153- 
165, tail 139-148, eulmen 26.5-28, while Sikkim and east Nepal sikkimen- 
sis measures: wing 140-146, tail 129-137, culmen 26-27. 

Remarks:—Sharpe (Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. 7, 1883, p. 451) quotes 
Seully as saying that the Nepal specimens of this species are darker than 
examples from the Himalayas further to the west. Ticehurst (B.B.C.C. 
44,1924, p. 104) in describing sikkimensis from Sikkim notes that Nepal 
birds are intermediate between his race and striata from the Punjab and 
U. P. Himalayas. The collection of specimens from east Nepal which 


104 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


can be placed with sikkimensis, and yet are distinctly darker than birds 
from the central valley, prompts me to describe this new race which 
unhappily does not fit into the adjacent populations to the west or east. 

Range:—central and western Nepal in the hills from 3,500 to 9,000 
feet. 


Garrulax rufogularis grosvenori, subsp. nov. 


Type:—d ad. (U.S.N.M. No. 408533), collected December 28, 1948, 
by S. Dillon Ripley at Rekcha, Dailekh District, western Nepal. 

Diagnosis:—from rufogularis of Sikkim and central Nepal, this race 
differs by having narrower, less prominent terminal bars on the upper 
surface, and by being much lighter, less rufous in color. The ear coverts 
are rusty and only bordered with black and white. On the lower surface 
the black and white moustachial streaks are more prominent, while the 
terminal spots on the breast and abdomen are reduced. 

From occidentalis of the western Himalayas this race differs by being 
somewhat more olivaceous on the upper surface with larger terminal 
spots both above and below. In the type and one other specimen of 
occidentalis examined, the black mixed with whitish feathers of the 
moustachial area come close together at the base of the throat in the 
form of a shield separating the chestnut and white of the throat from the 
pale grayish of the upper breast. In grosvenori, the moustachial streaks 
are only streaks, although they are more prominent than in rufogularis. 
Occidentalis is probably slightly larger than grosvenori. The two speci- 
mens examined have wing measurements of 93 and 96, tail 107, culmen 
22.5, in contrast.to grosvenori which measures: wing 84-94, tail 99-106, 
culmen 20-22.5. 

Range:—hills of western Nepal. 

Remarks:—the type locality of rufogularis Gould is listed by Baker 
(Fauna British India: Birds, J, 1922, p. 158.) as Sikkim. I hereby fix 
the type of Cinclosoma rufimenta edesan (Asiatic Researches, 19, 1836, 
p. 148) as Katmandu, as in this paper (lc. p. 145) he mentions that 
these species occur in the Minister’s garden there. Birds from the 
Central Valley appear to agree with Sikkim rufogularis, so that rufimenta 
is a synonym of that form. 

The type of this striking Laughing Thrush is illustrated on p. 40 of the 
National Geographic Magazine (vol. 97, Jan., 1950), and it gives me 
great pleasure to name it in honor of Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor, President 
of the National Geographic Society, whose personal interest was so large- 
ly responsible for making possible the recent National Geographic So- 
ciety-Yale University-Smithsonian Institution Expedition to Nepal. 


Actinodura nipalensis vinctura, subsp. nov. 


Type:—@ ad. (U.S.N.M. No. 408570), collected February 1, 1949 by 
S. Dillon Ripley at Mangalbaré, Dhankuta District, east Nepal. 

Diagnosis:—from nipalensis Hodgson (which I hereby restrict to 
slopes of Katmandu Valley, central Nepal) this race differs by having 
a deeper black band on the terminal upper surface of the tail, and 
noticeably heavier black barring on wings and tail. On the central 
rectrices of vinctura the terminal band measures from 28-32 mm., while 
in birds from the central valley the black band is absent or reduced to 
a narrow shading extending to about 15 mm, in depth. The black band 


Ripley—New Birds from Nepal and the India Region 105 


on wings and tail measures 2 or more millimeters in width, while in 
nipalensis these bands are of the order of 1 millimeter or less. 

From daflaensis, waldeni and poliotis this race differs in having the 
chin, throat and breast unstreaked as does nipalensis. 

Range :—eastern Nepal, probably east of the Arun Kosi River, Sikkim 
and Bhutan. 


Phylloscopus subaffinis arcanus, subsp. nov. 


Type:—@ ad. (U.S.N.M. No. 408868), collected January 7, 1949, by 
S. Dillon Ripley at Tikapur, Kailali District, western Nepal. 

Diagnosis:—from subaffinis (Ogilvie-Grant) this race may be distin- 
guished by having the upper parts more olive, less olive-brown, by having 
the supercilium and the center of the underparts more straw yellow, not 
mustard or amber yellow, and by having the flanks wax yellow, approach- 
ing clay color, rather than fulvous. In all respects this is a paler, more 
washed-out bird than true subajinis. In addition arcanus differs from 
the typical form in having a longer bill, and, apparently, a longer tail, 
actually and proportionally. 

Measurements :—Sixteen specimens of subaffinis from Szechuan, Hupeh 
and northern Thailand when compared with three females of arcanus 
taken in Nepal, measure as follows: 


tail-wing bill 
wing index (from skull) 
subafinis $6 ¢ and 2Q 48.5-55 48.5-50 80-96% 9-11 (ave. 9.2) 
arcanus 2 Q 52-55 51.5-54 93-103% 12-13 mm. 


Range:—My three wintering specimens were secured at Tikapur in 
January and on Naggerjung, a hill in the Central Valley of Katmandu in 
April, 1947. As a wintering bird this extends the previously known 
range of the species seven hundred fifty miles to the west from Myitkina, 
district in north Burma, the westernmost locality for subaffinis, fide 
Ticehurst (A Systematic Review of the Genus Phylloscopus, London 
1938, p. 76). The breeding range of arcanus is a mystery. The species 
was not encountered in South-eastern Tibet by Ludlow (Ibis, 1944, p. 
197-198). In the same author’s article on the Birds of Lhasa (Ibis, 1950, 
p. 39), he mentions a very dark Willow Warbler as passing through the 
city in the autumn. This is a possibility, if arcanus should prove to be a 
breeding bird in northern Sikang or western Kansu. 

Remarks :—The discovery of a race of Phylloscopus subaffinis winter- 
-ing in Nepal further complicates the arrangement of this species which 
is so close to P. affinis, the more western breeding species. It becomes 
more than ever interesting to attempt to solve the breding biology of 
these two species which apparently meet on the same ground, but may be 
ecologically separated, in northern Yunnan and southwestern Szechuan. 
Unfortunately this area, which is such a biological ‘‘heartland’’ seems to 
continue to be inaccessible to all but non-regimented winter and breeding 
migrants. 

I am most grateful to Mr. H. G. Deignan for his cordial cooperation 
and assistance in the discovery and diagnosis of this new form, and for 
the loan of material from the National Museum. 


106 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Phylloscopus maculipennis centralis, subsp. nov. 


Type:—@? ad. (U.S.N.M. No. 408864), collected December 28, 1948 
by S. Dillon Ripley at Rekcha, Dailekh District, western Nepal. 

Diagnosis:—from maculipennis Blyth (restricted as to type locality 
by me to Ilam District, eastern Nepal) this form differs by being lighter, 
more yellowish-olive on the upper parts and the crown a lighter shade 
of iron-gray, and paler yellow below. From virens Ticehurst of the 
Punjab Himalayas, this race differs by being darker, more olive on the 
back, less yellowish-olive, and by being darker, more fuscous on the 
crown. 

Range:—western and central Nepal. Specimens have been examined 
from Dailekh District and the central valley of Katmandu. 


Certhia himalayana infima, subsp. nov. 


Type—6é ad. (U.S.N.M. No. 408480), collected January 6, 1949, by 
S. Dillon Ripley at Tikapur, Kailali District, western Nepal. 

Diagnosis:—from himalayana this race differs by being conspicuously 
darker, more blackish on the upper surface. This race has sharply defined 
narrow streaks of buffy white on the head, nape and upper back, more 
distinct and in greater contrast to the background color than in the nomi- 
nate form. The rufous color on the tips of the feathers of the lower 
back is stronger and darker than in himalayana. On the tail also the 
barring is more blackish as well as stronger and more distinct. There is 
no size difference. 

Range:—western Nepal in the Karnali River drainage. Winters in the 
adjacent Terai. 

Remarks:—as with other eastern populations of west Himalayan 
species, this form apparently descends lower than its western relatives. 
Stuart Baker (Fauna Brit. India: Birds, J, 1922, p. 430), speaks of this 
species in the Simla area as descending to 4,000 feet in winter and breed- 
ing at 10,000 feet. In western Nepal this form was encountered winter- 
ing in the Terai at less than 1,000 feet altitude. 

Kinnear (Ibis, 1937, p. 251) states that himalayana is not found in 
Nepal. Actually it is of course a western Himalayan species, and if 
the two specimens listed from Nepal in the Hodgson eollection (Cat. 
Birds Brit. Mus. VIII, 1883, p. 328) are in fact an error, then these 
specimens constitute the first record for this species in Nepal. 


Ripley—New Birds from Nepal and theIndia Region 107 


108 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


es A A 


Vol. 63, pp. 109-110 October 9, 1950 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW RACE OF MELANERPES CHRYSOGENYS 
FROM CENTRAL MEXICO! 
By Rosert T. Moore 


For several years I have had reason to believe that an un- 
deseribed race of Melanerpes chrysogenys existed in Morelos 
and Michoacan, but waited for an adequate representation 
of fresh specimens of the nominate race from Sinaloa, and 
of flavinuchus from Guerrero, to make a satisfactory com- 
parison. We now have 118 specimens of this species, which 
confirm the validity of the new form. It is herewith described : 


‘ Melanerpes chrysogenys morelensis, subsp. nov. 


Type.—Adult male, number 44,726, collection of Robert T. Moore; 
collected three miles south of Cuernavaca, Morelos, México, altitude 
4,700 feet, on October 30, 1946, by Chester C. Lamb. 

Subspecific Characters.—Nearest to Centurus chrysogenys flavinuchus 
Ridgway, of Acapulco, Guerrero, but differs in both males and females 
in having (1) much less yellow about nostrils, malar stripe and chin 
(in most specimens reduced to a mere trace); (2) much less yellow on 
abdomen; (3) grayer (less brownish) underparts. Differs from M. ec. 
chrysogenys (Vigors), which ranges from southern Sinaloa to the San 
Blas region of Nayarit, in all of these characters, except that the dif- 
ferences are more marked; in addition, as in flavinuchus, the nape is 
bright orange-yellow, strongly contrasted with the red of the occiput 
and crown, instead of bright chrome suffused with orange and not 
contrasted with the color of crown and occiput. 

Range.—Apparently confined to the Aztee and Tarascan faunal dis- 
tricts of the Transverse Volcanic Biotic Province of central México; 
extending from Cuernavaca of north-central Morelos and Tehuixtla of 
southwestern Morelos west through Tafetan of central-east Michoacan to 
Apatzingan of west-central Michoacaz. 

Remarks.—Our large series from Guerrero makes it possible to de- 
limit more accurately the range of flavinuchus. It extends at least from 
Atoyae de Alvarez (forty miles northwest of Acapulco) through Aca- 
puleo along the coast to Cuajinicuilapa on the boundary of Guerrero 
with Oaxaca; thence to Putla in western Oaxaca and Iguala in north- 
eastern Guerrero; thence west to Ajuchitan in north-central Guerrero; 
thence west and northwest at least as far as Lajuela, Colima. I have 
not examined specimens from Iguala, Guerrero, reported by Ridgway 
to be flavinuchus. 

In extreme northern Guerrero, along the Rio Balsas, there is aleareas==: 
of intergradation between flavinuchus and the new TAC Bir 


io 


21—Proc. Brou. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 


110 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Zirandaro, on the boundary with Michoacan, are browner on the under- 
parts, like favinuchus, but in all other respects are nearer to morelensis. 
The birds of Ajuchitan, whence we have nine specimens, are distinctly 
browner on the underparts, but otherwise are like the birds from 
Zirandaro. Probably they are nearer to morelensis, as the depth of 
the brown tone on the underparts may be due to moulting in June and 
July. True chrysogenys extends at least as far south as Chacala on 
the southwestern coast of Nayarit. 

Specimens examined.—M., c. morelensis: MORELOS: three miles south 
of Cuernavaca, 1 6; Tehuixtla, 5 ¢¢,1 9; Lago de Tequesquitengo, 
1 ¢. MICHOACAN: five miles northeast of Apatzingan, 36 ¢, 49 9; 
Tafetan, 264, 299; El Rancho Portrero de Los Indios, 1é. 
GUERRERO: Zirandaro, on the Rio Balesas boundary with Michoacan, 
43646, 2292 (breeding). Intergrades (morelensis XK flavinuchus) in 
GUERRERO: Ajuchitan, 6¢ 6, 32 @. 

M. C. flavinuchus: GUERRERO: Cuajinicuilapa, 66 6. 42 2; seven 
miles south of Mexcala, 2¢ 6, 62 9; Atoyac de Alvarez, 346 6, 32 9. 
COLIMA: Lajuela, 2¢ ¢, 42 9. 

M. c. chrysogenys: SINALOA: Rosario, 56 ¢, 5292; Rancho El 
Fielo, 1 ¢; Rio Las Camas, 1 ¢; Sierra Palos Dulees, 26 6, 1 9 
(breeding, May 13); San Ignacio, 264, 1 @; Quelite, 2¢¢; 
Cacalotan, 192; Rancho Picacho, 2¢ 6, 12, 2 juvs.; 2 miles east of 
Matatan, 32 2 (breeding, April 22); Rancho Santa Barbara, 32 9. 
NAYARIT: San Blas, 246 6, 329; Sauta, 4¢ 6, 4292 (breeding) ; 
Rancho Moloti, 1 ¢, 1 93; Chacala, 39 9. 


1 Contribution from the Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental College, Eagle 
Rock, California. 


V 


Vol. 63, pp. 111-114 December 29, 1 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A LIST OF MARYLAND MAMMALS 
(Part II. Bats) 


By MarsHatu C. Garpner, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 


Order CHIROPTERA 
Family VESPERTILIONIDAE 
Genus MYOTIS Kaup 


Myotis lucifugus lucifugus (Le Conte). Little Brown Bat. 
1831. Vespertilio lucifugus Le Conte, MeMurtrie’s Cuvier, Animal 
Kingdom, I, Append., p. 431. 
Type locality—Georgia; probably near Riceboro, Liberty County. 
Maryland records—BALTIMORE COUNTY: Patapseo State Park 
(Hampe, 1939: 5). CECIL COUNTY: Seneca Point. MONTGOMERY 
COUNTY: Plummer Island. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 


Myotis keenii septentrionalis (Trouessart). Eastern Long-eared 
Brown Bat. 


1897. Vespertilio gryphus var. septentrionalis Trouessart, Catal. 
Mamm., viv. foss., p. 131. . 

Type locality —Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

Maryland records—BALTIMORE COUNTY: Baltimore, Bare Hills. 
MONTGOMERY COUNTY: Cabin John Bridge, Forest Glen (Bailey, 
1923: 137), Plummer Island. PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY: Muirkirk. 
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 


Myotis sodalis Miller and Allen. Indiana Bat. 
1928. Myotis sodalis Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 144, 


p. 130. 


Type locality.—W yandotte Cave, Crawford County, Indiana. 
Maryland records—Not recorded, but may occur in the western part 
of the State. 


Myotis subulatus leibii (Aubudon and Bachman). Least Brown Bat. 


1842. Vespertilio leibii Audubon and Bachman, Journ. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 1, 8: 284. 

Type locality.—Erie County, Ohio. 

Maryland records—MONTGOMERY COUNTY: Plummer Island. 


GENUS LASIONYCTERIS PETERS 


Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte). Silver-haired Bat. 


1831. V[espertilio], noctivagans Le Conte, MeMurtrie’s Cuvier, Ani- 
mal Kingdom, 1: 431. 
Type locality—Eastern United States. 


22—PrRoo. Biol. Soc. WASH., Vol. 63, 1950 (111) 


112 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Maryland records——MONTGOMERY COUNTY: Great Falls, Plum- 
mer Island. PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY: Laurel, Patuxent Research 
Refuge. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 


GENUS PIPISTRELLUS KAUP 


Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus (F. Cuvier). Georgian Bat. 


1832. V{[espertilio], subflavus F. Cuvier, Nouv. ann. mus. hist. nat. 
Paris, 1: 17. 

Type locality.— Eastern United States, probably Georgia. 

Maryland records—BALTIMORE COUNTY: Bare Hills (Bures, 
1948: 65), Orange Grove (Hampe, 1939: 5). CHARLES COUNTY: 
Marshall Hall. MONTGOMERY COUNTY: Glen Echo, Great Falls, 
Plummer Island. PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY: Hyattsville, Laurel, 
Patuxent Research Refuge. SAINT MARYS COUNTY: St. George 
Island. WASHINGTON COUNTY: Keedysville (Muma, 1939: 30). 
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 


Pipistrellus subflavus obscurus Miller. Dusky Georgian Bat. 


1897. Pipistrellus subflavus obscurus Miller, North Amer. Fauna, No. 
13, p. 93. 

Type locality. Lake George, Warren County, New York. 

Maryland records—MONTGOMERY COUNTY: Capitol View, Plum- 
mer Island, near (Bailey, 1923: 136). PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY: 
Hyattsville. 


GENUS EPTESICUS RAFINESQUE 


Eptesicus fuscus fuscus (Beauvois). Big Brown Bat. 


1796. Vespertilio fuscus Beauvois, Catal. Raisonné Mus. Peale, Phila- 
delphia, p. 18. (P. 14 of English edition by Peale and Beauvois.) 

Type locality.—Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Maryland records —ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY: Jessup (Silver, 
1928: 149). BALTIMORE COUNTY: Baltimore, Bare Hills (Cohen, 
1942: 96), Patapsco State Park (Hampe, 1939: 5). MONTGOMERY 
COUNTY: Kensington, Plummer Island, Silver Spring, Takoma Park. 
PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY: Laurel, Patuxent Research Refuge. 
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 


GENUS LASIURUS GRAY 


Lasiurus borealis borealis (Miiller). Red Bat. 


1776. Vespertilio borealis Miller, Natursyst. Suppl., p. 21. 

Type locality —New York. 

Maryland records—ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY: Annapolis. BAL- 
TIMORE COUNTY: Baltimore, Patapsco State Park (Hampe, 1939: 
5). MONTGOMERY COUNTY: Capitol View, Forest Glen, Glen Echo, 
Plummer Island. PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY: College Park, Laurel, 
Patuxent Research Refuge. WASHINGTON COUNTY: Hagerstown, 
Sandy Hook. 


Gardner—U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 113 


Lasiurus cinereus (Beauvois). Hoary Bat. 


1796. Vespertilio cinereus (misspelled linereus) Beauvois, Catal. 
Raisonné Mus. Peale, Philadelphia, p. 18. (P. 15 of English edition by 
Peale and Beauvois.) 

Type locality.—Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Maryland records—BALTIMORE COUNTY: Baltimore (Merriam, 
1887: 86). PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY: Laurel. DISTRICT OF 
COLUMBIA. 


GENUS NYCTICEIUS RAFINESQUE 


Nycticeius humeralis humeralis (Rafinesque). Evening Bat. 


1818. Vespertilio humeralis Rafinesque, American Monthly Magazine, 
3: 445. 

Type locality. Kentucky. 

Maryland records—MONTGOMERY COUNTY: Linden, Plummer 
Island, Silver Spring. PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY: Glendale, Oxon 
Hill. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 


GENUS CORYNORHINUS H. ALLEN 


Corynorhinus rafinesquii rafinesquii (Lesson). Rafinesque’s Big-eared 
Bat. 


1827. Plecotus rafinesquii Lesson, Man. de Mamm., p. 96. 

Type locality.— Lower Ohio River Valley. 

Maryland records.—Not recorded, but may occur in the western part 
of the State. _ 


LITERATURE CITED 


Bailey, V. 
1923. Mammals of the District of Columbia. Proc. Biol. Soc. 
Washington 36: 103-138. 
Bures, J. A. 
1948. Mammals of a limited area in Maryland. Maryland Nat. 18 
(4): 59-68, 4 pls., 3 figs. 
Cohen, E. 
1942. Myotis keenii septentrionalis (Trouessart) in Maryland. 
Jour. Mammal. 23: 96. 
Hampe, I. E. 
1939. Notes on the mammals of the Patapsco State Park. Bull. 
Nat. Hist. Soc. Maryland 10 (1): 4-7. 
Merriam, C. H. 
1887. Do any Canadian bats migrate? Evidence in the affirmative. 
Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada. Sec. 4, pp. 85-87. 
Muma, M. H. 
1939. Notes on several Maryland eaves. Maryland 16: 27-32. 
Silver, J. 
1928. Pilot black snake feeding on the big brown bat. Jour. Mam- 
mal. 9:149. ‘ 


Y 


114 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Pm atv fw 


Vol. 63, pp. 115-126 December eee ree 


? 


PROCEEDINGS Oi 
OF THE ey 4 ON 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Lop Vo. ON 
ae 
SEVEN NEW SUBSPECIES OF VENEZUELAN BIRDS hy My 
- By Wiuuiam H. PHELPS AND WILLIAM H. PHELPS, JR. ; SEU 


The authors wish to thank Mr. J. D. Macdonald, Curator of 
Birds in the British Museum, for his kindness in making per- 
tinent measurements of specimens, and Mr. H. B. Usher, 
Keeper of Birds, for his aid in the examination of specimens 
in that Museum during the summer of 1950. Their thanks 
also go to Monsieur J. Berlioz, of the Paris Museum, for his 
help in several lines of research and for facilities given for 
study of the Simon Collection of Humming Birds, and to 
Monsieur C. Jouanin, Assistant Curator of Birds in the same 
institution, for his aid in the examination of specimens. 


Study of the material in our collection has revealed these apparently 
new forms which we consider worthy of description. Specimens listed 
are in the Phelps. Collection, Caracas, unless otherwise specified. 

Names of colors are capitalized when direct comparison has been 
made with Ridgway’s ‘‘Color Standards and Color Nomenclature,’’ 1912. 


Celeus elegans deltanus, new subspecies 


Type: From Jobure, Rio Jobure, Territorio Delta Amacuro; sea level. 
No. 49,671, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male collected 
February 22, 1950, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on t depoaty at the American 
Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Closest to C. e. hellmayri, from which it differs by having 
the top of head dark brown instead of light brown or cinnamon; from 
leotaudi it differs similarly and, besides, has a longer wing; from 
jumana, from Venezuelan localities, it differs in having a lighter crown, 
longer crest, a darker, more brownish, less reddish, body, and in having 
the rump, flanks, and under wing coverts paler, more whitish sulphur 
yellow, less ochraceous yellow. 

Range: The Delta of the Orinoco River. 

Description of Type: Top of head Chestnut, paler on crest; back 
Chestnut; uropygium Maize Yellow, upper tail coverts tipped or edged 
with brownish; sides of head Chestnut; wide malar streak Carmine. 
Chin and throat paler than Chestnut, merging into the Bay of breast, 
which merges into the Chestnut of abdomen and under tail coverts; 
flanks partly yellowish white with wide dusky bars; axillaries yellowish 
white. Primaries Fuscous; outer webs, except those of the external pri- 
maries, chestnut; inner webs barred basally with whitish and buffy 
chestnut; secondaries chestnut, barred on imner vanes basally with 
whitish buff and dusky; upper wing coverts chestnut, with indistinct 
dusky bands and very small inconspicuous buffy spots on shafts; bend 


23—Proo. Bion. Soo. WASH., VoL. 63, 1950 (115) 


“pec 2 9 1960 


116 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


of wing brownish, dusky, and whitish; under wing coverts creamy white, 
primary ones with large dusky spots. Tail brownish black. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘lemon yellow’’; feet ‘‘grayish green’’; iris ‘‘red’’. 
Wing, 161 mm.; tail, 106; peed culmen, 28; culmen from base, 34; 
tarsus, 24. 

Remarks: The sexes are similar in coloration, except that the female 
lacks the Carmine malar streak. Size similar to that of hellmayri. Range 
of measurements: five adult males from Jobure—wing, 156-165 (161.4) 
mm.; tail, 93-108 (101.8); eulmen from base, 32-36 (34.6); five adult 
females from Jobure—wing, 152-162 (155); tail, 94-108 (100.4) ; eulmen 
from base, 30-35 (32.8). Measurements of hellmayri: five males from 
British and Dutch Guiana—wing, 147-166 (158.6); tail, 89-105 (97.8); 
culmen from base, 31-34 (32.6); four adult females from British Gui- 
ana (1) and the State of Bolivar (3)—wing, 162-167 (164.5); tail, 
94-100 (97.5); culmen from base, 32-34 (33). 

Friedmann!, after studying 150 specimens of both C. elegans and C. 
jumana, comments on the possibility of their being conspecific, as fol- 
lows: ‘‘These color variations are not peculiar to C. j. jumana but oceur 
also in C. j. citreopygius and in the forms of C. elegans. With regard to 
the latter group, it seems best to continue to consider it as a specifically 
distinct entity with its markedly pale crest easily setting it off from the 
jumana group.’? | 

The discovery of this new subspecies from the Orinoco Delta, with the 
crest intermediate in color between C. elegans hellmayri and C. j. jumana, 
bridges the only apparent difference that up to now separated the two 
former ‘‘species’’. We have been unable to find specimens or records 
which might indicate that C. jwmana and C. elegans occur together. 


Specimens Examined 


C. elegans approximans.—BRAZIL: Serra da Lua, 4 92; Obidos, 1 
$3, 74, 

C. elegans elegans—FRENCH GUIANA: Pied Saute?, 1 6,1 9; 
Approuage, 2 63 Ipousin River, 1 93; ‘‘Cayenne’’, 2 (?)3; ‘‘French 
Guiana’’, 114; Upper Cirucana, 14. 

C. elegans hellmayri—DUTCH GUIANAS?: Paramaribo, 3 6 ; Interior 
‘of Surinam, 3 ¢. BRITISH GUIANA: Potaro River, 1 $3; Tumatu- 
mari River, 1 63; Kamarang River, 1 63; ‘‘Demarara’’, 1 ¢5,1 (?)8; 
‘‘British Guiana’’, 1 3,1 93,1 (?)5, 1 (?)8; Rockstone?, 1 6,2 92; 
Mazaruni River2, 1 ¢, 2 2; Demarara River, 1 ¢2; Mawra?,1 3,1 9; 
Oko Mts., 1 42; Itabu Creek, 1 92. VENEZUELA: Rio Alto Arabupt, 
te 3a Gain. 1 93 ‘*Orinoco’’, 1 66; Rio Yurudn, 1 ¢4 La Paragua, 
1 @; Cerro Tomasote, 1 ¢, 1 @; Los Altos, 1 92; Bergantin, 1 6; 
Cerro El Peonia, 1 2; Quebrada Bonita, 1 9; Guanoco, 1 33,1 9; 
Cristébal Colén’, 2 6, 2 9; Cerro Azul, 1 ¢. 

C. elegans deltanus VENEZUELA: Misién Araguaimujo,1 ¢,1 9; 


1Birds collected by the National Geographic Society’s india to Northern 
Brazil and Southern Venezuela. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 97, 1948, p. 442. 
*Specimens in Chicago Natural History Museum. 

8Specimens in American Museum of Natural History. 

4Specimens in Carnegie Museum. 

5Specimens in Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. 

6Specimens in U. S. National Museum. 


Phelps—New Subspecies of Venezuelan Birds 117 


Misién San Francisco de Guayo, 4 $,4 2; Jobure, 10 ¢@ (incl. type), 
8 2; Rio Guanipa, 1 95. 

C. elegans leotaudi—TRINIDAD: 2 35, 2 (#)5,2 94,1 65,1 43, 
a 3%, 1 (1)5. , 

C. elegans jumana.—BRAZIL: Igarapé-Assu, Par4?, 1 ¢, 3 2; 123 
(diamantina, Rio Madeira, Santarem, Santa Isabel, Rio Preto, Para, 
Teffe, Matto Grosso); Sao Gabriel®, 1 ¢; Maranhao, 1 92; Santarem, 
1 $2; Aramassa I., 1 (%)2; Boca Rio Castanho, 1 ¢,1 2; Utinga,2 33. 
COLOMBIA: Maipures?, 1 ¢, 1 9; Macacuni, 1 9. VENEZUELA: 
Nacientes Rio Siapa, 1 2; El Carmen, 2 9, 1 (%); Boca Sina3, 2 ¢, 
1 2; Foot of Duida3, 1 ¢; Sabana, Alto Rio Asisa, 1 ¢, 1 92; Cerro 
Yapacana, 1 $6; Puerto Yapacana, 2 ¢, 3 2, 2 (%); Las Carmelitas, 
2 46,2 2; Pica Yavita-Pimichin, 1 9; San Fernando de Atabapo, 1 ¢, 
1 9; Munduapo?, 1 ¢, 2 2; Cafio Cuao, 1 9; Sanariapo, 1 ¢; Caiio 
Cataniapo, 3 ¢,6 9,1 (?); Salto Para, 1 6,1 9; El Cambur, 1 ¢; 
Rio Nichare, 1 $3; Suapure, 1 23; Santa Rosalia, 1 2; Salto Guaiqui- 
nima, 1 ¢; Salto Maria Espuma, 1 ¢; Salto Maisa, 2 2; Salto Are- 
buchi, 1 ¢, 2 (?); Cerro Paurai-tepui, 1 ¢; Cerro Chimant4-tepui, 1 
(#); Cerro Auyan-tepui, 3 93,2 9. 

C. e. citreopygius? PERU: Boca Rio Curaray, 1 ¢, 1 9. ECUA- 
DOR: 1 ¢,1 9; E. Ecuador, 6. 


Celeus undatus amacurensis, new subspecies 


Type: From Misién San Francisco de Guayo, Territorio Delta Ama- 
euro; sea level. No. 48,035, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult 
male collected February 11, 1949, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit 
at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Nearest to C. u. undatus, from which it differs by darker, 
more brownish rufous, less yellowish, abdomen, under tail coverts and 
edges of breast feathers; back and upper tail coverts also darker. 

Range: Delta of the Orinoco River. Known from Jobure and the type 
locality. 

Description of Type: Top of head Orange Cinnamon, feathers of crest 
lightly barred with dusky; back Amber Brown, heavily barred with 
black; uropygium Sudan Brown prominently barred with blackish; sides 
of head uniform with crown, feathers of neck speckled with blackish; 
malar region Spectrum Red. Chin and throat Orange Cinnamon, speckled 
with blackish; breast blackish, feathers narrowly edged with Amber 
Brown, merging into the Amber Brown of abdomen and under tail 
coverts, both of which are heavily barred with blackish; axillaries cream 
eolor. Primaries Natal Brown, paler below, barred on inner vanes with 
a color near Ochraceous Salmon, more distally towards the outer ones; 
outer vanes heavily barred with Amber Brown; secondaries Amber 
Brown, paler below, prominently barred with blackish, uniform with 
back; upper wing coverts Amber Brown, prominently barred with black- 
ish, uniform with back and remiges. Tail Amber Brown, paler below, 
heavily barred and extensively tipped with blackish. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘lemon’’; feet ‘‘ greenish gray’’; iris ‘‘reddish brown’’. 
Wing, 112 mm.; tail, 68 mm.; exposed culmen, 20 mm.; culmen from 
base, 24 mm.; tarsus, 19 mm. 

Remarks: The sexes are similar in coloration, except that the female 


118 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


lacks the red malar area. Size similar to that of uwndatus. Range of 
measurements: three adult males—wing, 112-115 (114) mm.; tail, 64-73 
(68.3) ; culmen from base, 23-24 (23.3); four adult females—wing, 107- 
115 (111.7); tail, 65-70 (66.9); culmen from base, 22-25 (23.7). Mea- 
surements of five adult males? of undatus from the Guianas—wing, 108- 
115 (112.8); tail, 63-72 (68.2); culmen from base, 23-24 (23.6); five 
adult females—wing, 112-118 (115); tail, 63-72 (68); eulmen from 
base, 23-25 (24.4). 

There is great individual variation in the color of top of head and in 
the absence, presence, or amount of speckling. The species has not pre- 
viously been recorded from Venezuela. 


Specimens Examined 


C. u. multifasciatus—BRAZIL: Utinga, Parad, 3 93. 

C. u. undatus VENEZUELA: Altiplanicie de Nuria, 1 ¢ ; Carabobo, 
Alto Rio Cuyuni, 2 2, 1 (3); Camborere, Cafio Uey, 2 ¢. BRITISH 
GUIANA: Membaro Creek, 1 ¢; Kamarang River, 1 ¢%; Potaro 
Landing, 1 93; Kamakusa, 1 923; ‘‘British Guiana,’’3 1 6,1 2; Tuma- 
tumari3, 1 ¢, 1 @. DUTCH GUIANA (interior)3: 1 4, 1 (9). 
FRENCH GUIANA: Pied Saute, 1 9; Tamanoir, 1 ¢. 

C. uw. amacurensis—VENEZUELA: Sen Francisco de aa oS 
(inel. type), 3 9,1 (?); Jobure,1 6,1 @. 


Dendrocincla fuliginosa deltana, new subspecies 


Type: From .Mision Araguaimujo, Territorio Delta Amacuro, Vene- 
zuela; sea level. No. 49,714, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. 
Adult male collected February 16, 1949, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on 
deposit at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Nearest to D. f. phaeochroa, from which it differs by a less 
whitish chin, more nearly uniform with the under parts. Differs from 
D. f. barinensis by being more olivaceous, less yellowish brown, both 
below and above. 

Range: Delta of the Orinoco River. 

Description of Type: Top of head, back, and runny Argus Brown; 
sides of head more dusky; upper tail coverts darker than Hay’s Russet. 
Chin slightly grayish, merging into the Cinnamon Brown of under parts; 
under tail coverts darker than Hay’s Russet. Remiges Chestnut, pri- 
maries broadly tipped, and outermost externally edged, with dusky; 
upper wing coverts with an olivaceous tint. Tail chestnut, paler below. 

Maxilla (in life) ‘‘black’’;. mandible ‘‘bluish gray’’; iris ‘‘dark’’. 
Wing, 102 mm.; tail, 87; exposed culmen, 27; culmen from base, 30; 
tarsus, 25. 

Remarks: Sexes similar in color, but female smaller. Size similar to 
that of phaeochroa. Range of measurements: five adult males—wing, 
102-107 (104.2) mm.; tail, 85-91 (87.6); culmen from base, 30-31 
(30.2) ; five adult females—wing, 91-99 (94.8); tail, 70-83 (78); culmen 
from base, 27-29 (28). Measurements of phaeochroa (from Caiio Cata- 
niapo to San Fernando de Atabapo on the upper Orinoco): five adult 
males—wing, 106-112 (107.8); tail, 87-95 (89.8); culmen from base, 
30-32 (30.6); five adult females — wing, 97-101 (98.8); tail, 77-83 
(80.2); culmen from base, 28-30 (29.2). 


Phelps—New Subspecies of Venezuelan Birds 119 


Specimens Examined 


D. f. fuliginosa—FRENCH GUIANA: 47. DUTCH GUIANA: 47, 
BRAZIL: 8’. VENEZUELA: Altiplanicie de Nuria, 2 6,1 9,1 (?). 

D. f. rufo-olivacea..—BRAZIL: 22. 

D. f. atrirostris.’—BRAZIL: 10. BOLIVIA: 5. 

D. f. phaeochroa—VENEZUELA: Cerro Uaipan-tepui, 1 ¢; Cerro 
Auyan-tepui, 1 ¢ ; Cerro Chimanta-tepui, 1 ¢,1 92; Cafio Pacara, 1 (?); 
La Paragua, 2 ¢; Raudal Perro, 1 9; Cerro Guaiquinima, 1 ¢,1 9; 
Raudal Capuri, 1 ¢; Cerro Arebuchi, 1 ¢, 1 (3%); Cerro Paurai-tepui, 
2 9,1 (%)); Sabana Kirichéi, 1 9; Santa Rosalia, 1 ¢, 1 (%); El 
Cambur, 1 ¢,1 9; Cerro El Negro, 1 ¢; Cafio Cataniapo, 2 6, 5 92, 
1 (%); Isla Ratén, 2 ¢,1 2,1 (?); Cafio Cuao, 1 ¢; San Fernando de 
Atabapo, 26,3 2,4 (?); Cerro Yavi, 1 ¢; Las Carmelitas, 1 ¢,1 9; 
Puerto Yapacana, 1 9,1 (?); San Carlos, Rio Negro, 1 ¢. 

D. f. deltana— VENEZUELA: Misién Araguaimujo, 6 ¢ (inel. type), 
6 9,1 (?); Misién San Francisco de Guayo, 1 2, 2 (?); Jobure, 2 ¢, 
2 9. 

D. f. barinensis VENEZUELA: Santo Domingo, 2 ¢, 39; Santa 
Barbara, Barinas, 1 ¢, 1 9; Ciudad Bolivia, 2 ¢,1 9; La Veguita, 
2 6; Barinitas, 2 6, 2 9; Turén, 1 (?). 

D. f. meruloides——TRINIDAD?: 17 6,12 9,3 (?). VENEZUELA?: 
Cristébal Colén, 3 6,6 2; Yacua, 1 (?); Rio Neveri, 1 63; Quebrada 
Seca, Sucre, 2 ¢; Montafia del Gudcharo (Gudcharo), 1 @; Los Pal- 
males, 1 9; Puerto de la Cruz, 2 9; Las Quiguas, 2 ¢; Tucacas, 2 ¢; 
Las Trincheras, 2 9,1 (?). VENEZUELAS: Estados Sucre, 15; Mona- 
gas, 12; Miranda, 15; Distrito Federal, 2; Carabobo, 5; Yaracuy, 2; 
Faleén, 10; Lara, 1. 

D. f. lafresnayei VENEZUELA: La Sabana, 2 ¢; La Sierra, 2 ¢, 
1 29,1 (?); El Vigia, 2 6; Seboruco, 3 ¢; Santa Cruz de Mora, 1 ¢. 
COLOMBIA?: Rio Frio, 2 9; Puerto Valdivia, 2 2; Morritos, 1 9; 
Rio Lima, 1 ¢, 1 2; Botero, 1 (?); Honda, 1 ¢; Las Nubes, Santa 
Marta, 1 6,1 (2); Valparaiso, 1 (?); Minea, 1 (2); ‘‘Bogota’’, 2 (2). 

D. f. ridgwayi.7.—ECUADOR: 17. COLOMBIA: 4. PANAMA: 12. 
COSTA RICA: 6. 


Ochthoeca diadema meridana, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Mesa de Lino, Santo Domingo, Mérida; altitude 
2,600 meters. No. 48,845, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult 
male collected November 25, 1949, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit 
at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from O. d. diadema, of Paramo de Tama and Co- 
lombia, by brighter, deeper yellow, underparts; and from tovarensis, of 
the Caracas region, by darker, more dusky, less olivaceous crown. 

Range: The Andes of TAchira (except Paramo de Tama), Mérida and 
Trujillo, in the Subtropical and Temperate Zones at altitudes between 
2,000 and 3,050 meters. 

Description of Type: Crown dusky olivaceous, more blackish than 
Dark Olive; forehead and anterior part of superciliary streak widely 


7For localities see Zimmer, Am. Mus. Nov., No. 728, 1934, p. 19. 
®Hor list of specimens and localities see: Phelps and Phelps, Jr., Proc. Biol. Soc. 
Wash., Vol. 62, 1949, p. 115. 


120 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Lemon Chrome; posterior part of superciliary streak prominently Picric 
Yellow; back and uropygium yellower than Saccardo’s Olive, more oliva- 
ceous on nape; lores prominently black; ear coverts dusky; cheeks 
olivaceous. Chin and throat whitish mixed with pale olivaceous and yel- 
lowish, merging into the pale olivaceous breast, which merges into the 
paler than Strontian-Yellow abdomen; sides, flanks, and axillaries oliva- 
ceous, more dusky on thighs; under tail-coverts yellowish olive. Wings 
fuscous; secondaries lightly, tertials heavily, edged with brownish; 
remiges lightly bordered basally on inner vanes with whitish; wing 
coverts lightly edged with olivaceous; outer under wing coverts dusky 
olivaceous, the inner long ones yellowish white. Tail fuscous. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘black’’; feet ‘‘black’’; iris ‘‘brown’’. Wing, 63 mm.; 
tail, 57; exposed culmen, 9; culmen from base, 13; tarsus, 19. 

Remarks: Sexes alike. Size similar to that of diadema. Range of mea- 
surements: three adult males—wing, 62-63 (62.3) mm.; tail, 53-57 
(54.3) ; culmen from base, 13-14 (13.7); five adult females—wing, 56-62 
(60); tail, 47-55. (50); culmen from base (4), 13-14 (13.5). Measure- 
ments of diadema: three adult males from Paramo de Tama—wing, 63- 
65 (64); tail, 53-56 (54.3); culmen from base, 13-14 (13.3). 

An immature specimen differs from the adults in having the yellow of 
the forehead much restricted; the superciliary stripe paler yellow; the 
back more rufous; the throat whitish, not yellow; and the abdomen pale 
yellowish white. 


Specimens Examined 


O. d. tovarensis—VENEZUELA: Colonia Tovar’, 1 6 (type), 2 2 
juv.; No Leén, 1 (7). 

O. d. meridana.—VENEZUELA: El Rincén, Cerro Niquitaz, 2 9; 
Paramo Misisi, 1 2 ; Mesa de Lino, Sto. Domingo, 2 6 (inel. type); El 
Escorial?, 2 6, 2 2,1 (?%); El Muerto, Péramo Aricagua, 1 ¢,1 (7?) 
juv.; Boca de Monte, Pregonero, 1 (?). 

0. d. diadema— VENEZUELA: Villa Pdez, Paramo de Tama, 2 4, 
1 9; Pérama de Tamé, 1 6. COLOMBIA?: Choachi, Bogota, 1 (?); 
‘‘Bogoté’’, 5 (%). 

0. d. jesupi—COLOMBIA3: El Libano, Santa Marta, 1 (?); San 
Lorenzo, 1 2; Valparaiso, 1 (?). 

O. d. gratiosa’.—-COLOMBIA: 79. ECUADOR: 3°. 


Euscarthmornis granadensis federalis, new subspecies 


Type: From No Leén, Distrito Federal, Venezuela; altitude 2,000 me- 
ters. No. 13,183, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult female 
collected May 7, 1941, by Emrique Riera. (Type on deposit at the 
American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from E. g. granadensis, of Péramo de Tama and 
Colombia by whiter, less grayish, breast and by having the buffy eye 
ring darker, less whitish; from lehmanni, of Santa Marta, by lacking the 
brownish breast; and from pyrrhops, of Peri and Ecuador, by less ex- 
tensive buffy on the ocular, loral, and frontal regions. 

Range: Known only from the type locality in the Subtropical Zone. 

Description of Type: Top of head, sides of neck, ear coverts, back, 


®For localities see Gilliard, Am. Mus. Nov., No. 1871, 1940, p. 8. 


Phelps—New Subspecies of Venezuelan Birds 121 


and uropygium yellower than Warbler Green; eye ring and lores Pale 
Ochraceous-Buff. A blackish area covers chin, anterior throat, and maxil- 
lary region; the rest of the throat is whitish, this color merging into the 
more grayish of the breast, which in turn merges into the white of the 
abdomen; sides of breast slightly olivaceous; under tail coverts and axil- 
laries yellowish white; thighs dusky. Wings fuscous; remiges narrowly 
edged outwardly with yellowish green; bend of wing Amber Yellow; 
under wing coverts yellowish white. Tail Benzo Brown, paler below, the 
rectrices edged externally with yellowish green. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘mandible black; maxilla brown with flesh colored tip’’; 
feet ‘‘light brown’’; iris ‘‘light brown’’. Wing, 43 mm.; tail, 40; 
exposed culmen, 11; culmen from base, 14; tarsus, 16. 

Remarks: Size similar to that of granadensis. Range of measure- 
ments: three adult females of granadensis (Almaguer® and Cocal?, Co- 
lombia; Paramo de TamA, Venezuela)—wing, 44, 45, 45; tail, 38, 43, 
39; culmen from base, 15, 14, 13. 


Specimens Examined 


E. g. federalis VENEZUELA: No Leén, 1 @ (type). 

E. g. granadensis—VENEZUELA: Padramo de Tama (camp), 3 6, 
1 @. COLOMBIA: Sabana Larga, 1 (?); Santa Elena, Antioquia, 1 
6 ; Coeal, Cauca, 19; Silencio, 1 9; Laguneta, 1 ¢, 2 (%); Almaguer, 
1 9,1 (%); Coast Range, west of Popayan,1 ¢. 

E. g. lehmanni.—COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, 1 (?)3. 

E. g. pyrrhops’—ECUADOR: Loja, 1 ¢,1 9,1 (%). PERU: Loma 
Santa, 1¢; La Legia, 2 6,1 (?); Chachapoyas, 1 ¢, 1 (?%); Levanto, 
1 6; San Pedro, 2 6; Limabomba, 1 ¢. 

This conspicuously marked form appears to be extremely rare, for it 
has escaped the intensive collecting that has taken place in the Mérida 
and Caracas regions through a century. 


Mecocerculus leucophrys parui, new subspecies 


Type: From Cerro Pari, Territorio Amazonas; altitude 1,600 meters. 
No. 46,853, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult male collected 
February 16, 1949, by William H. Phelps, Jr. (Type on deposit at the 
American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from all other subspecies of M. leucophrys by hav- 
ing a darker back. Closest to M. 1. roraimae, from which it differs by 
having the back more brownish olive, less grayish olive. 

Range: Known only from Cerro Part in the Subtropical Zone, at alti- 
tudes from 1,600 to 1,700 meters. 

Description of Type: Top of head duskier than Bone Brown; back 
and uropygium Olive Brown; lores dusky, feathers tipped with whitish ; 
eyelids whitish; a faint whitish superciliary streak; postorbital region 
dusky; ear coverts and sides of throat whitish. Chin and throat whitish, 
becoming more grayish on anterior breast, merging into the yellowish 
olivaceous of rest of breast, sides, flanks, and thighs; abdomen yellowish 
white; under tail coverts paler; axillaries whitish. Wings Bone Brown; 
inner vanes of remiges narrowly edged with whitish, inwardly more ex- 
tensviely; secondaries edged on outer vanes with buff; tertials edged 
broadly with white; two broad buffy wing bands, becoming more whitish 
inwardly; lesser upper wing coverts uniform with back; under wing 


122 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


coverts mixed dusky, yellowish, and whitish. Tail darker than Benzo 
Brown, paler on under surface, faintly tipped with grayish; outer rec- 
trices paler. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘blackish brown’’; feet ‘‘blackish brown’’; iris 
‘““brown’’, Wing, 64 mm.; tail, 61; exposed culmen, 10; culmen from 
base, 14; tarsus, 20. 

Remarks: Sexes alike in coloration, but female smaller. Size similar to 
that of roraimae. Range of measurements: five adult males—wing, 61- 
64 (62.4) mm.; tail, 59-61 (60.2); culmen from base, 13-14 (13.4); one 
adult female—wing, 56; tail, 55; culmen from base, 13. Measurements 
of topotypical roraimae: five adult males—wing, 62-63 (62.4); tail, 60- 
63 (61.6); culmen from base, 13-14 (13.4); five adult females—wing, 
57-58 (57.4); tail, 55-58 (56.2); culmen from base, 12-13 (12.8). 


Specimens Examined 


M. 1. leucophrys?. ARGENTINA: 19. BOLIVIA: 9. PERU: 4. 

M. |. brunneomarginatus?., PERU: 4. ECUADOR: 32. 

M. 1. notatus?.—COLOMBIA: 37. 

M. 1. setophagoides?.—_COLOMBIA: 37. 

M. 1. gularis —VENEZUELA!®; Estado Tachira, 33; Edo. Mérida, 20, 
83; Edo. Trujillo, 38; Edo. Lara, 3. 

M. 1. palliditergum—VENEZUELA!?: Edo. Yaracuy, 1; Edo. Cara- 
bobo, 2; Edo. Aragua, 6; Distrito Federal, 27, 113; Edo. Miranda, 3 

M. 1. nigriceps—_VENEZUELA: Edo. Sucre, 63; Edo. Monagas, 1619. 

M. 1. roraimae-—VENEZUELA: Cerro Roraima, 8 63, 6 6, 24 23, 
159, 2 (2); Cerro Uei-tepui, 2 ¢; Cerro Ptari-tepui, 9 6,13 9,4 (?); 
Cerro Sororop4n-tepui, 22, 1 (?); Cerro Chimantd-tepui, 4 ¢, 4 2, 
5 (?); Cerro Uaipan-tepui, 1 9, 2 (?); Cerro Aprada-tepui, 5 ¢,5 9, 
2 (?); Cerro Auyan-tepui, 1 6,1 2; Cerro Yavi, 5 6,5 9,1 (%); 
Cerro Duida®, 15 6,12 9,4 (?). BRAZIL: Cerro Uei-tepui, 19. 

M. 1. parui— VENEZUELA: Cerro Parié, 9 ¢ (incl. type), 1 9. 


Oryzoborus crassirostris magnirostris, new subspecies 


Type: From Misién San Francisco de Guayo, Territorio Delta Ama- 
curo; sea level. No. 48301, Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. Adult 
male collected January 30, 1949, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit 
at the American Museum of Natural History.) 

Diagnosis: Differs from O. c¢. crassirostris in having a much larger 
bill and longer wing and tail; from O. c. nuttingi, in having a white 
speculum. 

Range: Known from Trinidad, the Delta of the Orinoco, the Lower 
Caura River, and Caicara on the Orinoco River. 

Description of Type: Body lustrous black with bluish reflections on the 
upper parts; axillaries white. Wings brownish black, with a prominent, 
large, exposed, white speculum on the primaries; bend of wing and under 
wing coverts white, mixed with dusky. Upper surface of tail Blackish 
Brown, under surface browner. 

Bill (in life) ‘‘horn color’’; feet ‘‘black’’; iris ‘‘dark’’. Wing, 74 
mm.; tail, 64 mm.; exposed culmen, 16 mm.; culmen from base, 20 mm.; 
tarsus, 19 mm. 


10f'or localities see Phelps and Phelps, Jr., Ten New a of Birds from 
Venezuela. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 60, 1947, p. 15 


Phelps—New Subspecies of Venezuelan Birds 123 


Remarks: Sexes different in color. Size larger than that of crassi- 
rostris. Range of measurements: eight adult males (2 Delta, 3 Trini- 
dad’, 3 Caicara?)—wing, 73-74 (73.4) mm.; tail (2 only), 64, 65; cul- 
men from base 18-20 (18.6); one adult female—wing, 71; tail, 63; 
culmen from base, 18. Measurements of crassirostris: twenty adult 
males*—wing, 66-73 (68.7); tail (8 only), 55-61 (57.6); culmen from 
base, 15-16 (15.4); six adult males—wing, 66-70.5 (67.5); tail, 53-62 
(58); culmen from base, 16-16.5 (16.1); four adult females—wing, 
65.5-67 (66.4); tail, 54-57 (55); culmen from base, 15-16 (15.7). 

From the measurements given above, it is seen that the males of the 
new form have the bill 20% longer, the wing 8% longer, and the tail 
12% longer; the depth and width of the bill are also much greater. 

The female (No. 50,030, Phelps Collection) is similar in coloration to 
that of crassirostris, but larger, with wing, 71 mm.; tail, 63; culmen 
from base, 18, against the mean measurements of the four @ crassiros- 
tris; viz. wing, 66.4 tail, 55; culmen from base, 15.7. 

One of two immature males in the Phelps Collection is black, with 
just a few brown feathers showing their tips on breast, abdomen, back 
and upper wing coverts; the other is in the juvenile plumage, similar to 
that of the female. 

Hellmayr!! called attention to the large bills of the Trinidad and 
Orinoco Valley birds, but remarked that he had ‘‘not been able to cor- 
relate certain variations in dimensions and in size of bill with geographic 
areas.’? 

Among the 26 adult male crassirostris and the 8 adult males of the 
new form there is only one overlap in wing length (the Bogota speci- 
men), but none in length of bill. There is no overlap in length of tail 
among the 6 male crassirostris and the 2 males of the new form mea- 
sured by us. 

Mr. J. B. Macdonald, Curator of Birds in the British Museum, kindly 
measured the three specimens from Trinidad in that institution, with 
this result: 1 ¢, wing unflattened, 73 mm., culmen from base, 19; 1 ¢ 
wing, 72, culmen, 18; 1 9, wing, 71, culmen, 15. All of these measure- 
ments, except that of the bill of the 9, are typical of the new form. 

The known ranges of the new form and of O. c. crassirostris approach 
each other closely in the Caicara region and in the Delta. At the time 
the Delta specimens of O. c. crassirostris were collected, large flocks 
were feeding on the rice fields. Outside of the breeding season, the 
birds band together and evidently wander far in search of rice and other 
ripe grains; they may then approach or even temporarily invade the ter- 
ritory occupied by a neighboring form. In this case the two forms have 
not been recorded from the same locality. 


Specimens Examined 


O. c. maximilianim—BRAZIL®: Chapada, Matto Grosso, 2 6,1 2; 
Esperanza, Goyaz, 1 2; ‘‘Brazil’’, 1 9. 

O. c. crassirostris VENEZUELA: Escuque, 1 ¢3; Las Guacas, Rio 
San Felix, 7 ¢3; Santa Barbara de Zulia, 1 ¢; El Vigia, 3 ¢; El 
Platanal, Terr. Amazonas, 1 9; El Palmar, 1 2; Rio Jobure, Terr. 
Delta Amacuro, 2 6,4 ¢ juv., 2 9,1 (%). COLOMBIA?: ‘‘Bogota’’, 


UCatalogue of Birds of the Americas. Part XI, p. 242, 1938. 


124 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


1 (?); Medellin, 1 ¢; Villavicencio, 1 6,1 9. BRITISH GUIANA: 
Essequibo River?, 1 6, 1 9; Annai?, 5 ¢ 1 2 juv., 1 [2]; ‘‘Dema- 
rara’’6, 1 (?). DUTCH GUIANA?: Paramaribo, 2 6,1 ¢ juv., 3 Q. 
BRAZIL: Monte Cussary, 1 ¢. 

O. c. magnirostris—VENEZUELA: Misién San Francisco de Guayo, 
2 é (incl. type), 2 o juv., 1 2; Maripa, 1 $3; Caicara, 1 $3; Quiri- 
bana de Caireara, 1 68. TRINIDAD: 3 43. 

O. c. nuttingi—NICARAGUA: Nicaragua’, 5 ¢, 1 ¢ juv., 2 Q; 
Greytown®, 3 ¢, 2 ¢ juv. 


PLATE Ix PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. 63 


| bla Aved Ven) 
375 Xs 
¥ Bonaire 


T¥Aves Los Roques pO} Granada 


oo T Blanguilla 
“oe POrchl& 8 Los Hermance 


I! Los Frasles , [* Los Tastigos I Tabago 
3 oa 


rte - Spon 


{GUAYANA || 
(a3) $ ING 


VENEZUELA 


Millas 


50 109 


° 
Kilometros 


SO 100 150 200 250 


PLATE IX 
List oF LOCALITIES 

37 Altiplanicie de Nuria 46 Chimantaé-tepui, Cerro 
47 Aprada-tepui, Cerro 13 Ciudad Bolivia 
35 Araguaimujo, Misién 24 Colonia Tovar 
45 Arebuchi, Cerro 68 Cuao, Cafio 

45 Arebuchi, Salto 30 Cristébal Coldén 
50 Auyan-tepui, Cerro 79 Duida, Cerro 

30 Azul, Cerro 80 Duida, Foot of . 
14 Barinitas 61 El Cambur 

25 Bergantin 83 El Carmen 

8 Boca de Monte 12 El Escorial 

64 Caicara 11 El Muerto 

40 Camborere 65 El Negro, Cerro 
53 Capuri, Raudal 36 El Palmar 

39 Carabobo 28 El Peonia 

69 Cataniapo, Cafio 67 El Platanal 


[125] 


126 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


41 


El Rineén, Cerro Niquitaz 
El Vigia 

Escuque 
Guaiquinima, Cerro 
Guaiquinima, Salto 
Guanipa, Rio 
Guanoco 

Jobure 

Jobure, Rio 

La Paragua 

La Sabana 

La Sierra 

La Unidén 

La Veguita 

Las Carmelitas 

Las Guaecas 

Las Quiguas 

Las Trincheras 
Los Altos 

Los Palmales 
Maisa, Salto 

Maria Espuma, Salto 
Maripa 

Mesa de Lino 
Misisi, Paramo de 
Montafa del Gudcharo 
(Gudcharo) 
Munduapo 

Neveri 

Nichare, Rio 

No Leén 

Paeara, Cafio 
Para, Salto 

Para, Cerro 
Paurai-tepui, Cerro 
Perro, Raudal 
Ptari-tepui, Cerro 


Puerto de La Cruz, Dto. 
Federal 

Quebrada Bonita 
Quebrada Seca, Sucre 
Quiribana de Caicara 
Raton, Isla 

Roraima, Cerro 

Sabana, Alto Rio Asisa 
Sabana Kirichia 
Sanariapo 

San Carlos, Amazonas 
San Fernando de Atabapo 
San Francisco de Guayo 
Santa Barbara, Barinas 
Santa Barbara del Zulia 
Santa Cruz de Mora 
Santa Rosalia, Bolivar 
Santo Domingo 
Seboruco 

Siapa, Nacientes del Rio 
Sina, Boca de 
Sororopan-tepui 
Suapure 

Tama, Paramo de 
Tomasote, Cerro 
Tucacas 

Turén 

Uaipan-tepui 

Uei-tepui 

Villa Paez 

Yacua 

Yapacana, Cerro 
Yapacana, Puerto 

Yavi, Cerro 
Yavita-Pimichin, Pica 
Yuruan, Rio 


V\iVve 


Ce 


Vol. 63, pp. 127-130 December 
PROCEEDINGS 
OFTHE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGT 


A NEW AGAMID LIZARD (AGAMA KIRKII FITZSIMONS!I) 
FROM SOUTHERN RHODESI 


By ARTHUR LOVERIDGE 


In studying an extensive series of agamas from Nyasaland, 
I was struck by the way in which they differed from their rep- 
resentatives in the southern half of Southern Rhodesia. Our 
material from the northern portion of Southern Rhodesia con- 
forms more nearly with Nyasaland specimens. 


Unfortunately the type of Agama kirkii Boulenger (1885, Cat. Lizards 
Brit. Mus., 1, p. 354, pl. xxviii, fig. 2) is without precise locality, being 
merely labelled “Zambesi Expedition.” It is common knowledge that 
in the course of the expedition Livingstone and Kirk ascended the Zambezi 
River, and from it traced the Shire River to its source in Lake Nyasa 
(which they reached on September 16, 1859), subsequently visiting the 
Victoria Falls which lie betwen the two Rhodesias. 


Thus it would seem that the name kirkii is unquestionably applicable 
to the northern form, but in the hope of being able to designate a still 
more definite type locality I applied for further information to Dr. 
H. W. Parker. To him I am indebted for the following data regarding 
the ¢ holotype of kirkii, originally labelled ‘‘? Agama mossambica, 
Zambesi Expedition, Brit. Mus. reg. no. 64.6.28.4.’’ but subsequently 
labelled Quelimane. 


But two other agamas were received from the Zambesi Expedition; 
an earlier one, registered as 64.5.13.2, is a halfgrown 9 from Quelimane, 
originally labelled ‘‘? Agama mossambica.’’ The identification is con- 
firmed by Boulenger (1885, p. 354). Dr. Parker adds that all the speci- 
mens in this earlier consignment registered on May 13 are from coastal 
localities or places Kirk would have touched at on his way. 


The third agama, registered as 64.6.28.3, is an adult 92 originally 
labelled ‘‘ Agama occipitalis, Zambesi Expedition.’’ This, like all ma- 
terial in the June 28 shipment, lacks precise locality data and was pre- 
sumably collected after the Expedition started up country. Boulenger 
(1885, p. 354) reidentified this 9 (which supplied him with the measure- 
ments he gives) as mossambica and attributes it to Quelimane in error, 
having switched the locality data with that of the halfgrown 2 men- 
tioned above. 

The original labels were presumably those of Giinther who (1864b, p. 
307) lists ‘‘ Agama occipitalis, Gray’’ and ‘‘? Agama mossambica, 
Peters. Quelimane’’ without any indication as to how many specimens he 
had of each. 


I take pleasure in naming this undescribed form after its collector, 


24—-Proo. Bron. Soc. WASH., Vol. 63, 1950 (127) 


DEC 2 9 1980 


128 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Dr. V. F. FitzSimons, in whose writings (vide infra) will be found much 
additional information regarding its color and other matters. 


Agama kirkii fitzsimonsi subsp. nov. 


Agama kirkii FitzSimons (not of Boulenger), 1935b, Ann. Transvaal 
Mus., 16, p. 347 (mear Zimbabwe); 1939b, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 
20, p. 29 (Changadzi River; Birchenough Bridge). 


Type.—Museum of Comparative Zodlogy No. 44,542, an adult ¢ from 
Changadzi River, an affluent of the Sabi River in southeastern Southern 
Rhodesia. Collected by V. FitzSimons, January 4-6, 1938. 


Paratypes.——Museum of Comparative Zodlogy Nos. 44,540-1, a gravid 
@ and adult ¢@, also Transvaal Museum No. 18,653, with the same data 
as the type; T.M. 18,677 from Birchenough Bridge, January 12, 1938; 
M.C.Z. 33,480-1, two ¢¢ from Zimbabwe, collected by the Vernay- 
Lang Kalahari Expedition in September, 1930; M.C.Z. 33,446, an im- 
mature ¢ from Gokomeri, north of Fort Victoria, Rev. K. Tasman coll. 
1927. 


In addition, the undermentioned material, some of it immature, has 
been examined by Dr. V. FitzSimons, who finds it conforms with my 
definition of the southern form. Transvaal Museum No. 664 from Khami 
River near Bulawayo; No. 2,803 from Matopos, Bulawayo; Nos. 14,595-8 
from Zimbabwe; No. 14,603 from Changadzi River; besides the Birch- 
enough Bridge specimens listed in the preceding paragraph. 

Diagnosis —Agamas from the southern half of Southern Rhodesia are 
characterized by having nuchal and vertebral crests, besides the keels 
and mucrones of the dorsal scales, less well developed than in the typical ° 
Nyasaland form; the preanal pores are also slightly smaller. The gular 
pattern of young males consists of white spots on a dark ground (in- 
stead of the alternating light and dark lines of typical kirkii), while 
adult males of the new form lack the conspicuous dark-blue, basal, gular 
spot characteristic of Nyasaland kirkii males (85 to 105 mm. from snout 
to anus). 

Description.—Midbody scale-rows 106 (100-113. in five M.C.Z. para- 
types) ; ventrals smooth (very obtusely keeled in two of the paratypes) ; 
preanal pores 13 (12-14 in four male paratypes, absent in the female). 
For further particulars see citations and diagnosis above. 

Size.—Total length of type ¢ (M.C.Z. 44,542), 240 (98 + ee mm.; 
of paratype 2 (M.C.Z. 44,540), 209 (80 + 129) mm. 

Remarks.—Dr. FitzSimons informs me that a basal gular spot is 
lacking or but very faintly indicated in the Southern Rhodesian material 
of this species in the Transvaal Museum. As might be expected, it is 
absent in a subadult ¢ (M.C.Z. 33,445) from Chilimanzi, an inter- 
mediate locality from which adult material is desirable before final as- 
signment is made. 

A basal gular spot is present in males from Kutamas (M.C.Z. 33,444), 
Mazoe (M.C.Z. 18,275), and Monte Cassino (M.C.Z. 33,447), all northern 
localities in Southern Rhodesia. 

It is true that no basal gular spot is present in the type of kirkit 
Boulenger, the underside of which displays the coloring of a female. 


Loveridge—A New Agamd Inzard 129 


However, Dr. Parker writes that the holotype has pores and is a male. 
It is obviously subadult, for it measures 79 mm. from snout to anus, 
while the color pattern on its undersurfaces agrees with that of our half- 
grown Nyasaland males measuring 57 to 65 mm. from snout to anus. In 
our Nyasaland material the spot is present only in adults measuring 
85 to 105 mm. from snout to anus. A full account of these Nyasaland 
agamas will be furnished in a forthcoming report. 


180 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


oe: Ae ae nil” 


Vol. 63, pp. 131-138 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 


| BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTONS 47/94), mused 


NEW FROGS OF THE GENERA CYCLORANA AND HYLA FROM 
SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA 


By ARTHUR LOVERIDGE 


The three frogs described below are part of an extensive 
collection of amphibia made by Mr. J. R. Slevin during 1947-. 
1948. The holotypes, though here bearing the registration 
numbers of the California Academy of Sciences, are being pre- 
sented to the Australian Museum! in compliance with Au- 
stralian law, which requires all visiting zoologists to surrender 
any types they may have collected in that Commonwealth. 


With regard to the type localities, Mr. Slevin has kindly furnished 
me with the following supplementary data: Noondoo, a siding for the 
Noondoo Sheep Station, is about ten miles east of Dirranbandi, terminus 
of a railway line from Brisbane, consequently close to the border be- 
tween Queensland and New South Wales. Ulong, a small lumber mill 
village, is about ten miles west of Coramba, which, in turn, lies west 
of Goffs Harbour on the northeastern coast of New South Wales. 

I am indebted to Mr. J. R. Slevin for allowing me to describe these 
interesting frogs, with the first of which I take pleasure in associating 
his name. 


Cyclorana slevini sp. nov. 


Type.—California Academy of Sciences No. 82,052, apparently an im- 
mature 9, from Noondoo, southeastern Queensland near the Queensland- 
New South Wales border. Collected by J. R. Slevin, September 16, 1947. 

Paratype—California Academy of Sciences No. 82,053, a ¢ with 
same data as the type, except that it was collected on September 17, 1947. 

Diagnosis.—A heavily built, toad-like frog with shovel-shaped inner 
metatarsal tubercle, distinguished from its nearest relative as follows: 


Interorbital space almost twice as broad as an upper 

eyelid; tympanum nearly equal to the diameter of the 

eye; toes two-thirds webbed, the web between the 

third and fourth toes extending to the distal tubercle 

of the fourth toe; range: known only from Noondoo, 

southeast Quensland LS ts a Scan Pe a ce Oa al slevint 


Interorbital space at most equals the width of an 

upper eyelid; tympanum half to two-thirds the diameter 

of the eye; toes one-third webbed, the web between the 

third and fourth toes never extending as far as the 

1The Australian Museum has renumbered these specimens as follows: 
R. 13,816 for the Paratype of Cyclorana slevini 


R. 13,818 for the Typeof Hyla kinghorni 
R. 13,817 for the Type of Hyla a. ulongae 


25—Proc. BioL. Soc. WASH., VoL. 63, 1950 (131) 


DEC 2 9 1950 


132 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


second tubercle of the fourth toe; range: north 

Western Australia; Northern Territory; northern 

Queensland (as far south as Rockhampton) —_..-........--_---__--- australis 

(Gray) 

Description—Build stout. Head much broader than long (in both 
these specimens as broad as the distance from end of snout to axilla); 
snout depressed, twice as long as the eye; nostril equidistant between 
end of snout and eye; canthus rostralis rounded and very oblique; 
loreal region slightly concave; interorbital space almost twice as broad 
as an upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, nearly equal to the diameter 
of the eye; fingers moderate, first opposed to, and longer than, second; 
subarticular tubercles distinct; palm with small round tubercles; two 
metacarpal tubercles (swollen, and therefore more prominent in male 
paratype) ; toes two-thirds webbed, the notch in the web between third 
and fourth toes well in advance of the distal tubercle of the third 
and level with the basal tubercle of the fourth; subarticular tubercles in- 
distinct; inner metatarsal tubercle large, shovel-shaped; no outer 
tubercle; tarsus with a slight dermal fold along its inner edge; tibio- 
tarsal articulation of the adpressed hind limb reaches the tympanum 
only (in both type and paratype). 

Skin of dorsum shagreened with some inconspicuous, scattered warts 
towards the flanks; no median occipital-nuchal groove; a more or less 
distinguishable curved supratympaniec fold; dorso-lateral fold absent. 
Below, throat and breast smooth (in both); belly and hinder side of 
thighs granular (only slightly so in the male). 


Color.—Above olive-gray (plumbeus in male), edge of upper lip white; 
back, flanks, and limbs finely spotted or vermiculated with brown. Be- 
low, creamy white, slightly yellowish on thighs; palms and soles yellowish, 
minutely vermiculated with brown. 


Size-—Total length from snout to anus of holotype 9, 48 mm.; of 
paratype ¢, 40 mm. 


Remarks.—My sexing of the male has been confirmed by Drs. Ernest 
Williams and Paulo Vanzolini. These frogs have been compared with 
nine specimens of australis in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at 
Cambridge, Massachusetts, besides sundry specimens of alboguttatus, in- 
cluding the Alexandra example (M.C.Z. 11.647) that Parker (1940, 
Novit. Zool., 42, p. 18) listed in the synonymy of australis, on the mis- 
taken assumption it was that species. 


Hyla kinghorni sp. nov. 


Type.—California Academy of Sciences No. 83,234, an adult ¢ from 
Ulong, northeastern New South Wales. Collected by J. R. Slevin, Janu- 
ary 28, 1948. 


Diagnosis. — Apparently most nearly related to Hyla latopalmata 
from which it may be distinguished as follows: 


Canthus rostralis sharply angular; interorbital space two-thirds 
the width of an upper eyelid; vomerine teeth in two juxtaposed 
groups; first finger as long as second; toes from first to fifth have 
%, 1, 1, 1%, and 0 terminal joints respectively free of web 

kinghorni sp. nov. 


Loveridge—New Frogs from Australia 133 


Canthus rostralis obtusely rounded; interorbital space 144-114 times 
the width of an upper eyelid; vomerine teeth well-separated; first 
finger longer than second; toes from first to fifth have 0, 0, 0, 1%, 
and 0 terminal joints respectively free of web__latopalmata Giinther 


Description.—Head as long as broad; snout subacuminate, its length 
(to anterior corner of eye) equal to the distance separating tke anterior 
corners of the eyes; nostril considerably nearer the end of the snout 
than it is to the anterior corner of the eye; canthus rostralis sharply 
angular; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; interorbital space two- 
thirds the width of an upper eyelid; diameter of tympanum rather more 
than half that of the eye; tongue large, subcordiform, distinctly emar- 
ginate behind, slightly free; vomerine teeth strongly developed in two 
juxtaposed, slightly oblique groups between the choanae. 


Fingers free of web, first as long as second, which is shorter than 
fourth, which is shorter than the third, disk of third only half diameter 
of tympanum; toes well webbed, the web extending almost to the disk 
on the first, to the distal subarticular tubercle on the second and third, 
as a narrow margin to the distal tubercle on the fourth, and to the disk 
on the fifth; in other words the terminal joints free of web from first 
to fifth are, %, 1, 1, 1%, and 0; subarticular tubercles prominent; an 
oval inner, but no outer, metatarsal tuberele; tibio-tarsal articulation of 
the adpressed hind limb reaches beyond end of snout. 

Skin above smooth; an indistinct curved supratympanic fold; forearm 
smooth, without dermal ridge or series of tubercles; being a male there 
is a partly pigmented nuptial swelling at base of first finger; neither 
lappet on heel nor dermal ridge along outer edge of foot. Below, throat 
smooth; breast, belly, and thighs granular. 

Color.—Above, pale gray variegated with light-edged black patches 
that coalesce erratically; from nostril through eye to above forearm an 
ill-defined dark streak; flanks with a few black spots; thighs with slight 
marbling on distal half of hinder side only. Below, white, a faint trace 
of dusky pigmentation around lower jaws; otherwise uniform, becoming 
yellowish cream on belly and buttocks. 


Size.—Total length from snout to anus of holotype ¢, 45 mm.; hind 
limb 80 mm. 


Remarks.—Named for J. Roy Kinghorn, Esq., of the Australian Mu- 
seum, whose ever-ready helpfulness is known to all visiting herpetologists. 
This new hylid has been compared with all related form of the twenty- 
three species of Australian Hyla in the collections of the Museum of 
Comparative Zodlogy, as listed by me (1935, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 78, 
pp. 37-54). 


Hyla aurea ulongae subsp. nov. 


Type.—California Academy of Sciences No. 83,235, a ¢ from Ulong, 
northeastern New South Wales. Collected by J. R. Slevin, January 28, 
1948. 


Diagnosis.—This frog, uniformly plumbeus above, immaculate white 
below, is characterized by a single series of vomerine teeth between, 
and level with, the anterior borders of the choanae. Undoubtedly closely 
related to aurea from which it may be distinguished as follows: 


134 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


1. Length of inner metatarsal tubercle contained 3 to 314 times in its 
distance’ from the tip of the: inner toe 0s 20 2 ok ee 2 


Length of inner metatarsal tubercle contained 2 to 2% times in 
its distance from the tip of the inner toe; dorsolateral fold in- 
distinct or discontinuous; vertebral and dorsolateral light lines 
usually absent though sometimes indicated in the young._..._________ 3 


2. Dorsum with more or less strongly developed warts, rarely 
smooth; dorsolateral fold broken up into a chain of warts and not 
extending to the groin; a vertebral light line usually indicated; © 
dorsolateral light lines frequently broad and discontinuous, being 
less sharply defined than in typical aurea; range: Northern Ter- 
ritory; Western Australia; Victoria; Tasmania 

a. raniformis (Keferstein) 
Dorsum almost or quite smooth; dorsolateral fold continuous from 
eye to groin; no light vertebral line; a light line along the dorso- 
lateral fold and another from beneath the eye to the shoulder; 
range: New South Wales (introduced into New Caledonia & New 
igorides) a sah We RR tie a dated ee eae a. aurea (Lesson) 


3. Dorsum smooth; entire underside, including axillae, groins, con- 
cealed surfaces of femora, tibia and tarsi, uniformly white; range: 
INew south. W ales 20 eee ee a. ulongensis subsp. nov. 
Dorsum warty; axillae, groins, concealed surfaces of femora, 
tibiae and tarsi, black with conspicuous, round, yellow spots; 
range:. south Western Australia___._..________ a. cyclorhynchus (Boulenger) 


Description—Head slightly longer than broad; snout subacuminate, 
its length (to anterior corner of eye) slightly less than the distance sep- 
arating the anterior corners of the eyes; nostril considerably nearer the 
end of the snout than it is to the anterior corner of the eye; canthus 
rostralis not very distinct; loreal region oblique, concave; interorbital 
space the width of an upper eyelid; diameter of tympanum two-thirds 
that of the eye; tongue large, not or but slightly emarginate behind, 
slightly free; vomerine teeth strongly developed in a single, slightly 
curved series between, or anteriorly on a level with, the front of the 
choanae. 


Fingers free of web, first shorter than second, which is shorter than 
fourth, which is shorter than the third, disk of the third rather more than 
half the diameter of tympanum; toes well webbed, the web extending 
halfway between the distal tubercle and disk on the first, to the disk on 
the second, third, and fifth, to just beyond the second tubercle on the 
fourth toe, in other words the terminal joints free of web from first to 
fifth are, 144, 0, 0, 2, and 0; subarticular tubercles well developed; an 
oval inner, but no outer, metatarsal tubercle; tibio-tarsal articulation of 
the adpressed hind limb reaches the nostril. 


Skin above smooth; a curved supratympanic fold; forearm smooth, 
without dermal ridge or series of tubercles; being a male there is a 
partly pigmented nuptial swelling at base of first finger; no lappet on 
heel; a rather inconspicuous dermal ridge along outer edge of foot. Be- 
low, throat and breast smooth; belly and thighs granular. 


Color.—Above, uniformly plumbeus. Below, immaculate white. 


Loveridge—New Frogs from Australia 135 


Size.—Total length from snout to anus of holotype ¢, 49 mm., hind 
limb 82 mm. 

Remarks.—The foregoing key is based principally on the findings of 
Parker (1938, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [11], 2, pp. 302-305), who untan- 
gled the involved status of aurea and was correct in thinking that my 
aurea (1935, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél. 78, p. 49) consisted of more than 
one form. In fact, all our material there listed from sixteen localities 
was H. a. raniformis, except for the one Sydney frog, which was H. a. 
aurea, and the Merredin series that, as indicated, is intermediate between 
aurea and cyclorhynchus, the inner metatarsal of most of them being 
contained 2 to 2% times in its distance from the tip of the inner toe, 
but very definitely 3 times in one adult. For this reason I:am treating 
cyclorhynchus as a race, instead of a full species as Parker has done and 
as its distribution may yet require. 


Loveridge—New Frogs from Australia 137 


138 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


cee 


Vol. 63, pp. 139-146 December 29, 1950 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE q\ e ra 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON®’ ss WY %, 


A NEW HOPLOTHRIPS FROM CUBA °. 
ene i ee 3 
(Thysanoptera, Phlxothripidz) ait ON, i muses 


By J. Dovetas Hoop 


In the Thysanoptera, as in many other insects, the produc- 
tion of a winged form of the species often involves many 
changes beyond the mere addition of wings. Frequently the 
coloration and degree of sclerotization are different; always 
the wing-bearing thoracic segments have a different arrange- 
ment of sclerites; almost invariably the prothorax is smaller 
in long-winged forms; usually the ocelli and eyes are enlarged, 
and fully formed, though the former may have been wholly 
wanting in the wingless parents; and often, in thrips, the 
antennal sense-cones are very different in shape or number, 
those of the long-winged form tending to be longer, more 
curved, or more numerous. And this list of Guscrenccs is far 
from ee 


When such ‘‘ variations’? are accompanied by dedlation, by a progres- 
sive modification in color as the insect ages, by heterogony or dishar- 
monic growth, and by other effects directly attributable to the action of 
the environment, we become faced with taxonomic problems whose satis- 
factory solution depends upon careful field work, difficult rearing experi- 
ments, and laborious study of long series of specimens collected under a 
variety of geographical, ecological, and seasonal conditions. This is the 
case with most tubuliferous Thysanoptera, including the species de- 
scribed below. From the safe distance lent perhaps by ignorance, the 
entomologist views with envy the apparently simpler taxonomic prob- 
lems of other zoologists. 


Hoplothrips bradleyi sp. nov. 
Figs. 1 and 2 


Female, forma macroptera.—Length about 1.1 mm. (distended, about 
1.3 mm.). Color nearly uniform brown, with bright, crimson-red internal 
pigmentation, the tube abruptly bright yellow and narrowly tipped with 
gray; legs about concolorous with body, with trochanters nearly yellow, 
femora (especially the fore pair) narrowly yellow at apex, tibie (espe- 
cially the fore pair) yellow or at least paler at base, tarsi perceptibly 
paler; fore wings pale grayish brown in about apical three-fifths, dark- 
est marginally at tip and in basal portion of anal area, and with a short, 
narrow, dark vein before middle; antenne with segment I yellow across 
base and apex, light brown between, II dull yellow, III dull yellow in 
about basal third, remainder of antenne concolorous with body; major 


26—Proo. Brot. Soo. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (139) 


HEC 2 9 1950 


140 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


sete light brown, or yellowish brown, most of them with pale, dilated 
tips, those on segment IX of abdomen nearly yellow. 


Head (Fig. 1) about as long as greatest width across cheeks, broadest 
near middle of latter, where the width is about 1.7 times the distance 
from eyes to posterior margin of head, the width across eyes approxi- 
mately equal to the least width just in front of the slightly projecting 
basal collar; cheeks abruptly but roundly converging to eyes, subparal- 
lel or slightly convex in front of middle, slightly concave behind it; head 
not elevated along median line posteriorly, its dorsal surface nearly 
smooth, but with a few, faint, dark, anastomosing stri# at base (espe- 
cially at sides), and with the cheeks very faintly serrate because of 
short, ventro-lateral strie extending just onto dorsal surface, the vertex 
in front of posterior ocelli lightly reticulo-striate; vertex subconical, de- 
scending vertically beneath the overhanging median ocellus, with the 
usual pair of pores and the usual two pairs of minute sete; postocular 
sete dilated at tip, about 464 long, 1094 apart, and 94 from eyes; other 
cephalic sete minute, slender, pointed, and pale, disposed as shown in 
Fig. 1. Eyes moderately large for the group, scarcely one-third the 
length of head, with a few enlarged facets posteriorly, in holotype with 
dorsal. length 504, dorsal width 434, dorsal interval 464, ventral length 
554, ventral width 44, and ventral interval 44u. Ocelli 16-19 in diame- 
ter, the median one (when head is horizontal) with its front margin 
nearly on a line with that of eyes, the posterior ones about 22 apart and 
164 from median ocellus. Antenne typical of the genus, segment VIII 
pedicellate and lanceolate; sense-cones rather large, that on inner surface 
of III about 234 long, their disposition on inner (and outer) surfaces of 
segments as follows: III 1 (2), IV 2 (2), V1 (1), VI 1 (1), VII 1 dor- 
sally. Mouth-cone subconical, rounded at tip, extending about 86 be- 
yond posterior dorsal margin of head. 


Prothorax with median line of pronotum about 0.56 that of head and 
contained in the trans-coxal width about 2.9 times, its dorsal sclerites not 
fused; pronotum smooth, excepting for a few strie paralleling its sides 
between the antero-angular and midlateral sete, and about two along the 
transverse posterior margin; median apodeme wanting; all usual major 
sete present, all of them decidedly knobbed at tip, those of holotype 
measuring as follows in #: antero-marginals 24, antero-angulars 32, mid- 
laterals 30, epimerals 45, postero-marginals 45, coxals 37. Pterothorax 
somewhat broader than prothorax. Wings distinctly tapered apically, 
the fore pair without accessory fringing hairs on posterior margin, with 
the two (only) subbasal setz knobbed at tip and respectively 31 and 404 
long. Legs normal to the species-group, the fore femora not enlarged, 
the fore tarsi not toothed. H 


Abdomen nearly 1.2 times as broad as prothorax across coxe, its sur- 
face smooth excepting for the usual subbasal lines across terga II-VIII 
and the reticulo-striations on I and IX; I-IX with the usual pair of 
pores, those on II-VII with accompanying, minute, slender sete behind 
them, those on VIII and IX with the sete between. Tube nearly one- 
half the length of head, about 1.35 times as long as greatest subbasal 
width, and about twice as wide near base as at apex, its sides nearly 
straight, save for a slight concavity just behind the subbasal pores. 
Major abdominal sete (excepting the wing-retaining ones, the lateral 


Hood—A New Hoplothrips from Cuba 141 


pair on segment VIII, those on IX, and the terminal setzw) decidedly 
dilated at apex; sete I and II on IX slightly enlarged apically and 
respectively 67 and 71 long, all others\ mentioned parenthetically above, 
pointed, seta III on IX about 1004, terminal setz about 70z. , 

Measurements of female (holotype) in mm.: Length about 1.12 (fully 
distended, 1.25); head, total length 0.144, width across eyes 0.132, 
greatest width across cheeks (near middle) 0.144, least width near base 
(in front of basal collar) 0.128, width across basal collar 0.129; pro- 
thorax, median length of pronotum 0.080, width (inclusive of cox) 
0.231; pterothorax, width across anterior angles 0.238; abdomen, greatest 
width (at segment III) 0.274; tube (X, only), length 0.070, greatest 
subbasal width 0.052, least apical width 0.027. 


Antennal segments: 1 2 3 4 5 6 fi 8 
length <Gmierons) 4.306 4000037.) “400 35°.4 84-4 83k 34 
Width Gnierons) 227 4x26 527 «28 124 Otis 20 ¢ 1 14 
Total length of antenna, 0.281 mm. 


Female, forma aptera.—Size and color much as in the long-winged 
form described above. Head longer and more slender; eyes much smaller, 
especially ventrally; ocelli wanting; antennal segments III-VI each with 
one sense-cone on inner surface and one on outer; prothorax and ab- 
domen broader, pronotum longer. 

Measurements of female (morphotype), in mm.: Length about 1.06 
(fully distended, 1.39); head, total length 0.150, width across eyes 0.111, 
greatest width across cheeks 0.136, least width near base 0.126, width 
across basal collar 0.127; eyes, dorsal length 0.040, dorsal width 0.025, 
dorsal interval 0.060, ventral length 0.017, ventral width 0.022, ventral 
interval 0.066; postocular setz, length 0.049, interval 0.095, distance 
from eyes 0.016; mouth-cone, length beyond posterior dorsal margin of 
head 0.080; prothorax, median length of pronotum 0.102, width (inclu- 
sive of coxe) 0.265; prothoracic sete: length of antero-marginals 0.025, 
antero-angulars 0.029, midlaterals 0.027, epimerals 0.047, postero-mar- 
ginals 0.048, coxals 0.035; pterothorax, width across anterior angles 
0.249; abdomen, greatest width (at segment III) 0.318; tube (X, only), 
length 0.073, greatest subbasal width 0.057, least apical width 0.027; 
seta I on IX 0.067, II 0.067, 111 0.091; terminal setz 0.070. 


Antennal segments: al 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
Wengeth, Gnicrons) 30), .40...36.../34... 36) »36)..)33e 36 
Width. Gnierons) 0 31 02% 26 20 - PG a OB). OO uc as 
Total length of antenna, 0.281 mm. 


Male, forma aptera.—Length 0.8-1.0 mm. (fully distended, 1.0-1.26 
mm.). Color nearly as described for long-winged form of female, differ- 
ing principally in that segments I and II of antenne are both dull 
yellow, with I lightly washed with brownish, and segment IX of the 
abdomen is much paler than VIII and yellow, or nearly so, apically; in 
large individuals the head is distinctly paler and more yellowish be- 
tween and in front of the eyes. 

Head variable in form, sculpture, and in the degree of development 
of the tooth-like projection shown at the anterior end of the cheeks in 
Fig. 2; in small individuals this tooth is wholly wanting, the head is 


142 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


about 1.2 times as long as its greatest width near middle of cheeks, and 
the cheeks themselves are very sparsely and minutely tuberculate, while 
in large individuals, like the one figured, the tooth is large, the head as 
much as 1.6 times as long as its greatest width near middle of cheeks, © 
and the cheeks quite closely and roughly tuberculate; sense-cones as in 
apterous females; ocelli wanting. Prothorax equally variable in form; 
median apodeme short and weak in small specimens, long and heavy in 
large ones; major sete about as in females, excepting that the antero- 
marginals are minute (about 34) and pointed; fore legs with femora 
and tarsal tooth greatly enlarged in large individuals, the femora and 
thie not toothed in even the largest known specimens. 

Measurements of a large male (the allotype), in comparison with those 
of a small paratype, those of latter in parentheses: Length about 1.00 
(0.81), fully distended 1.26 (1.00); head, total length 0.176 (0.134), 
width across eyes 0.107 (0.097), greatest width across cheeks near mid- 
dle 0.110 (0.109), least width near base 0.107 (0.100), width across 
basal collar 0.109 (0.102); eyes, dorsal length 0.036 (0.035), dorsal 
width 0.029 (0.022), dorsal interval 0.050 (0.053), ventral length 0.037 
(0.018), ventral width 0.027 (0.020), ventral interval 0.053 (0.057); 
postosular sete, length 0.048 (0.033), interval 0.081 (0.084), distance 
from eyes 0.020 (0.010); mouth-cone, length beyond posterior dorsal 
margin of head 0.087 (0.060); prothorax, median length of pronotum 
0.180 (0.102), greatest width (inclusive of coxe) 0.297 (0.214); antero- 
marginal setz, length 0.003 (0.003), antero-angulars 0.031 (0.026), mid- 
laterals 0.024 (0.022), epimerals 0.033 (0.030), postero-marginals 0.044 
(0.044), coxals 0.039 (0.031) ; pterothorax, width across anterior angles, 
0.262 (0.200); abdomen, greatest width (at segment II) 0.260 (0.209); 
tube (X, only), length 0.067, greatest subbasal width 0.052, least apical 
width 0.026; seta I on segment IX 0.056, II 0.037, III 0.098; terminal 
sete 0.083. 


Antennal segments: bee De ae eT oD) AG a a 
Length (microns): 35 41 40 40 40 37 33 37—allotype 
28 36 32 31 31 31 28 34—paratype 
Width (microns): 33 27 27 27 25 21 20 14—allotype 
27 24 24 24 23 21 19 13—paratype 
Total length of antenna, 0.303 (0.251) mm. 


CUBA: San Miguel de los Bafios, Matanzas, July 18, 1940, Dr. J. 
Chester Bradley, 2 macropterous 9’s, 6 apterous females, 14 apterous 
é ’s, from dead branches. 


PANAMA: Porto Bello, July 9, 1933, J. D. Hood, 1 ¢, from dead 
branches [986]. 

The affinities of this little species, which I have named after my good 
friend Dr. Bradley, are with tyrannus, aciculatus, flavicauda, and pos- 
sibly fungosus. The first two of these differ conspicuously in that the 
submedian pair of pores on abdominal terga II-VII have been replaced 
by a pair of minute sete; and the last one, fungosus, described from 
Formosa, though it agrees with bradleyi in the character of the pores 
just mentioned, differs sharply in having the antenne bright yellow in at 
least the basal portions of segments I-V. The remaining species, flavi- 
cauda, widely distributed in Southern and Eastern United States, is 


Hood—A New Hoplothrips from Cuba 143 


without doubt the closest relative of bradleyi; but the two are readily 
separable in both forms of the female sex by the smaller and pointed 
(instead of knobbed) antero-marginal sete of flavicauda and, in addi- 
tion, in macropterous females, by the ratio between the greatest width 
of the head to the distance of the eyes from the base of the head, the 
figure being 1.5 for flavicauda and 1.7 for bradleyi. 

The males of the two species are very much alike and exhibit a hetero- 
gonic range greater than I have seen in any other species. But large 
males of flavicauda—those with elongated, toothed heads and greatly 
enlarged fore legs—always have two or three triangular teeth on the 
inner surface of the fore femora, near their tip, and a similar fore tibial 
tooth, while bradleyi has no trace of such structures in any of the ma- 
terial studied. (Compare the figure given by me in Insecutor Inscitiae 
Menstruus, 2(2):19, Pl. 1, fig. 4, 1914, with Fig. 2 of the present 
paper.) 


[Explanation of figures. ] 
Hoplothrips bradleyi sp. nov. 


Fig. 1. Head and prothorax of macropterous female, holotype; sculpture 
not shown; all sete omitted from antenne and legs. 


Fig. 2. Head and prothorax of apterous male, allotype; all sete and 
sculpture omitted from antenns and legs. 


[J.D.H., camera lucida.] 


PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. 63 


PLATE X 


[144] 


Hood—A New Hoplothrips from Cuba 145 


(4.00 \4 


Vol. 63, pp. 147-154 December 29, 1950 
PROCEEDINGS 

OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF WASHINGTON 


he ie Ay 
SOME DIPLOPODS FROM PUERTO RICO es ate. 


VG 
~YuseuM 


~ ta 
By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN 


The millipeds listed or described in this paper were collected 
by J. A. Rivero, of the University of Puerto Rico, aided in 
some cases by J. B. Ramos and Sr. Maldonado. The collection 
was turned over to me for identification by Sr. Rivero, who 
gave me permission to retain types of the new forms in my 
collection at the University of Utah. 


POLYXENIDAE 


Lophoproctus sp. 


Locality Villa de Guilarte. 

One specimen 3.5 mm. long (exclusive of setae), too badly rubbed to 
permit of accurate specific determination, was taken October 9, 1949, by 
J. A. Rivero and Sr. Maldonado. 


GLOMERIDESMIDAE 


Glomeridesmus riveroi, new species 


Description.—A smaller species than any previously reported from the 

West Indies, the length being mostly near 7.5 mm. 
_ The dorsum is black, with a series of geminate white spots along the 
middorsal line, and on each side ectad of this a series of single spots and 
also a submarginal series of spots. Caudal tergite mostly white. Differ- 
ing from the notably larger G. trinidadensis Loomis in having the head 
blackish over the median area, and whitish or yellowish along the caudal 
border and lateral and clypeal areas. Antennae dusky over whitish. Legs 
and ventral surface whitish. 

The posterior corners of most of the tergites subrectangular but on 
the posterior tergites produced into an acute tooth. Differing from G. 
pectinatus, described from El Yunque, P. R., in having the caudal margin 
of the pleurites smooth, not at all pectinate or setiferous. 

Penes of the male of the usual form, extending caudad to the seventh 
or eighth pair of legs. 

Locality.—Toro Negro, Villalba. 

Types.—Many specimens taken on October 11, 1946. 


Glomeridesmus adjuntus, new species 
Description.—Differing in coloration from the preceding species in 
having the antennae entirely without dusky pigment, and especially in 
having the lower lateral series of light dots replaced by a continuous, 
broader, submarginal light stripe. 
Posterior margins of pleurites not setose or pectinate. Posterior ter- 
gites with inferocaudal corners, produced into a slight acute tooth, 


27—Proc. Bion. Soo. WASH., Vol. 63, 1950 (147) 


sec 2 9 1990 


148 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


mesad of which the margin shows a rather narrow concavity, the tooth 
much smaller than in riveroi. 

Length, 7 mm. 

Locality. Adjuntas. 

Types.—Four specimens taken in July, 1947. 


POLYESMIDAE 


Cryptogonodesmus clarus, new species 


Description.—A much larger form than C. rubellus, known from Haiti 
and Dominica, and C. darlingtoni, known from Dominica. 

It is brown in color. with head and ventral surface lighter. It differs 
from C. darlingtoni in having the lateral margins of the keels con- 
spicuously dentate, and in having the caudal corners apparently more 
acutely and strongly produced. 

Tergites with tubercles of middle and posterior rows conspicuously and 
separately elevated, those of the anterior row less strongly developed. 
The lateral margins of the non-poriferous keels with three stout setif- 
erous teeth, the poriferous keels with four, in each case counting the 
acutely produced one at posterior corner. Pores large and definitely dor- 
sal in position, opening at the base of the penult marginal tooth. On 
caudal margin of keels a conspicuous tooth at proximal end. 

Length, 8 mm. 

Locality.— Toro Negro, Villalba. 

Types.—Three females taken by Rivero and Ramos, October 11, 1946. 


CRYPTODESMIDAE 


Tridesmus guilarteus, new species 


Description.—The adult female type has the dorsum essentially black, 
with antennae and legs yellowish. The dorsum of a young specimen is 
brown, with keels more yellowish and legs and antennae light yellow to 
somewhat whitish. 

The collum with the typical twelve radiating border areas, with the 
margin correspondingly weakly scalloped. 

The ecarinae of the following tergites, poriferous as well as non- 
poriferous, having the lateral border divided into three areas, excepting 
the fifteenth to nineteenth inclusive in which the border is divided into 
four areas. On the median dorsal area are four tubercles which cannot 
properly be called transverse as described by Silvestri for his species 
portoricensis, nor are those of the anterior pair noticeably larger than 
the others. In line with the two tubercles on each side the corresponding 
scallops on the posterior border tend also to be somewhat elevated and 
tubercle-like, giving thus a series of three tubercles each side of the 
median line. Laterad from these tubercles on each side are two tubercles 
of which the anterior is farther laterad than the posterior one. On some 
of the tergites there is found another tubercle antero-laterad from the 
two last mentioned. 

Length of female holotype, about 8.5 mm.; length of an immature 
specimen of eighteen segments, 6.7 mm. 

Locality.— Villa de Guilarte. 


Chamberlin—Diplopods from Puerto Rico 149 


Types.—One adult female and one immature specimen taken October 
9, 1948, by Maldonado and Rivero. 

Remarks.—This species differs from portoricensis in having the keels 
of the fifth segment three- instead of two-lobed, and seemingly in the 
form and development of the dorsal tubereles. It also appears from 
Silvestri’s statement that portoricensis has keels sixteen to nineteen four- 
lobed, with the fifteenth not four-lobed as in the present species. Cook’s 
note on sectilis, the generotype, is too brief and general in character to 
permit significant comparison. 


Iomus recentus, new species 


Description.—The collum differing from that of JI. incisus Cook, the 
generotype, in being distinctly, though only slightly, scalloped, not with 
a single notch near each lateral corner as indicated for incisus. In this 
respect recentus agrees with the much larger I. platanus, but differs from 
the latter in having the four dorsal rows of tubercles equidistant, in- 
stead of having the two more median rows distinctly nearer to each 
other than to the lateral rows. 

A peculiarity in the color pattern, not mentioned in the published 
descriptions of the other species, is that the basal portion of the under 
surface of the keels, with adjacent portion of the sides, remain light or 
colorless, leaving a longitudinal black stripe ectad of the bases of the 
legs. The entire ventral surface of the first four keels black, but this 
color not extending across sternite of the first segment as described for 
incisus, the color, however, running across the caudal border of the 
third segment. 

Length, 7.5 mm.; width, 2 mm. 

Locality—Toro Negro, Villalba. 

Type.—One adult female taken by Rivero and Ramos, October 11, 
1946. 

Remarks.—Smaller form than species previously described. 


Genus LIOMUS, new 


Description.—A genus near Jomus in general form and structure, simi- 
larly broad and widely rounded at the ends. It differs in having the 
incisions between the lobes of the keels narrower, with marginal open- 
ing often showing the lobes in contact or nearly so, the lobes themselves 
truneate rather than rounded. Ineisions of anterior border shallower 
and less pronounced. A conspicuous difference from Jomus is the lack 
of definite series of dorsal tubercles, represented only on the nineteenth 
tergite by a pair of low ridges. 

Generotype.—Liomus albanus, new species. 


Liomus albanus, new species 


Description.—Dorsum variegated with brown and light brown or yel- 
lowish; a light median dorsal stripe bisected by a dark, often deltoid, 
darker mark on each tergite; the sides of dorsum brown, broken by 
lighter spots or areas; the keels lighter brown, with margins of incisions 
blackish from accumulated dirt. Ventral surface light, darker and brown- 
ish just outside the bases of legs. Head dark brown over the vertex, but 
white elsewhere. Antennae and legs white. 

Antennae geniculate between the third and fourth joints; fifth article 


150 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


abruptly crassate, much thicker than fourth, sixth, and seventh articles. 

Collum with anterior margin evenly convex, the border showing ten 
long, radiating areas, but the margin with corresponding dividing notches 
searecely or not at all evident; convex dorsal surface showing some 
slightly elevated or weakly separated areas, of which there are four in 
front of caudal margin and six in front and laterad of these, the lateral 
areas larger than the median. 

Keels of the second tergite with lateral margins continuing evenly the 
curve of the collum as shown in fig. 1, which also shows the features of 
the lobes. Full width of tergites attained at the fifth segment. The 
features of the keels of the middle segments are indicated in fig. 2, rep- 
resenting the keel of the eighth segment. 

Gonopods of the male as shown in fig. 3. 

Length of the female allotype, 8 mm., width, 2 mm., the male a little 
smaller. 

Localities —Toro Negro, Villalba. 

Maricao Insular Forest. One adult female and two young specimens 
taken September 25, 1948. 

Ajuntas. A female differing from the other specimens in not having 
the median dorsal stripe geminate except at anterior and posterior ends. 

Types.—Six specimens, including one adult male, taken October 11, by 
Rivero and Ramos. 


Liomus obscurus, new species 

Description—A smaller form than albanus, from which it seems to 
differ conspicuously in lacking the median dorsal germinate light stripe; 
the brown coloration extending over the entire dorsal area between the 
lateral light areas. 

The sixth article of the antennae is thicker relatively to the fifth 
than in albanus. 

The collum differs in having the margin weakly, but more definitely, 
scalloped than in the other form. 

Length, 6.2 mm.; width, 1.5 mm. 

Locality.—Maricao Insular Forest. 

Type.—One female taken September 25, 1948. 


RHINOCRIDAE 
Rhinocricus arboreus (Saussure) 


Julus arboreus Saussure, 1859, Linn. Ent., Vol. 13, p. 331; 1860, Mem. 
Mex. Myr., p. 98, fig. 28. 

Spirobolus (Rhinocricus) arboreus Karsch, 1881, Zeit. Naturwiss., ser. 
3, vol. 6, p. 8. 

Rhinocricus arboreus Pocock, 1894, Journ. Linn. Soe., vol. 24, p. 493, 
pl. 38, fig. 4. 

Locality.—Maricao Insular Forest. One female taken September 25, 
1948. 


SPIROBOLIDAE 
Microspirobolus insularis Silvestri 


Microspirobolus insularis Silvestri, 1908, Bull. Amer. Museum Nat. 
Hist., vol. 24, p. 572, fig. VII, 1 and 2. 


Chamberlin—Diplopods from Puerto Rico 151 


Locality Adjuntas. One female taken in July, 1947. Maricao In- 
sular Forest. One female taken September 23, 1948. 


Microspirobolus marmoratus Silvestri 


Microspirobolus marmoratus Silvestri, 1908, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. 
Hist., vol. 24, p. 57, figs. VI, 1-6. 

Locality—Toro Negro, Villalba. Two specimens taken October 11, 
1946, by Rivero and Ramos. 


Microspirobolus mediolus, new species 


Description——Body in general black. Antennae brown, legs reddish 
brown to clearer red. 

Head smooth, the median sulcus distinct across vertex, then interrupted 
between antennae as usual and then deeply impressed down to labral 
margin. Clypal foveolae 4-4. Eyes composed of about 24 conspicuously 
developed ocelli. 

Collum extended below on a level with the second tergite, the lower end 
free; smooth, the lower margining suleus extending up the anterior side 
to the level of the eye. 

Subsequent tergites with the segmental sulcus distinctly impressed and 
smooth throughout; tergites smooth dorsally and laterally, the meta- 
zonites crossed beneath with the usual series of deep longitudinal striae. 
Repugnatorial pores conspicuous, located far behind the sulcus and 
closer to the caudal margin than to the suleus. 

Anal tergite smooth, caudally rounded, exceeded by the valves. 
Valves smooth, their inner borders rounded, not compressed or elevated. 

Coxae of third to sixth pairs of legs compressed and produced. 

Gonopods of male as shown in figs. 4 and 5. 

Length, about 31 mm.; width, 3 mm. 

Locality Maricao Insular Forest. 

Type.—One male taken September 25, 1948. 


Microspirobolus toronus, new species 


Description.—A much smaller form than the preceding, and lighter in 
its general color, which is light olive, darker in a caudal band or an- 
nulus. Antennae light brown, and the legs brick red. Anal scutum and 
valves black. 

Head smooth. Median suleus lightly impressed across vertex and deep 
down lower region as usual. Clypeal foveolae 3-3. Eyes well developed, 
composed of about 24 ocelli arranged in 5 transverse series. 

Lower end of collum nearly straight or subtruncate; margining sul- 
cus as usual. 

The other tergites with an encircling furrow or culeus which is crossed 
by a series of short, rather coarse, longitudinal striae. The pore located 
- midway between this sulcus and the caudal margin and lying upon a 
faint, pale encircling sutural line. 

Anal scutum rounded behind, slightly exceeded by the valves which 
are smooth and evenly rounded, not at all compressed. 

Coxae of third to sixth legs of male enlarged and compressed. Gono- 
pods as shown in figs. 6 and 7. 

Number of segments, 50. 

Length, 24 mm.; width, 2 mm. 


152 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Locality.—Toro Negro. 

Type.—One male, taken October 11, 1946, by J. A. Rivero and J. B. 
Ramos, Distinguished from other species by size, sculpturing of tergites, 
clypeal foveolae, and details of gonopods. 


STEMMIULIDAE 
Diopsiulus compressus (Karsch) 


Stemmiulus compressus Karsch, 1881, Zeits. Naturwiss., ser. 3, vol. 6, p. 
11; Pocock, 1894, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, p. 478. 

Diopsiulus compressus Silvestri, 1908, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 
24, p. 566, figs. II, 1-8. 
Locality—Toro Negro, Villalba. Several females taken by J. A. 

Rivero and J. B. Ramos. 


- Explanation of Figures 


sg 


Liomus albanus n. sp. Right half of collum and right keels of ter- 
gites 2, 3 and 4. 

Liomus albanus n. sp. Right keel of eighth segment. 

Liomus albanus n. sp. Left gonopod, anterior view. 

Microspirobolus mediolus n. sp. Right anterior gonopod. and sternite. 

Microspirobolus mediolus n. sp. Posterior gonopod. 

Microspirobolus toronus n. sp. Left anterior gonopod and sternite. 

Microspirobolus toronus n. sp. Posterior gonopod. 


Piece fb 


PLATE XI PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. 63 


Uy IF 


Vol. 63, pp. 155-162 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF Pn re 


Ay 


KZ 
—Y, 
SOME CHILOPODS FROM PUERTO RICO tl MUSEUM 


By RaLtepH V. CHAMBERLIN 


The notes and diagnoses here presented are based upon 
terial collected and sent to me for identification by J. 
Rivero of the University of Puerto Rico. Types of the new 
species are retained by the author. 


SCOLOPENDRIDAE 


Otocryptops melanostomus (Newport) 


Localities—Toro Negro, Villalba, several partly grown specimens 
taken Oct. 11, 1946. 

Maricao Insular Forest, young specimens taken Sept. 25, 1948. 

Gilla de Guilarte, two young specimens taken Oct. 9, 1948. 


' Newportia sp. 
Locality. —Maricao Insular Forest, one specimen which has lost the 
anal legs. 


OTOSTIGMIDAE 


Otostigmus caraibicus Kraepelin 
Locality. Maricao Insular Forest, one specimen taken Sept. 25, 1948. 
This species was previously known only from St. Thomas, the type 
locality. ; 


SCHENDYLIDAE 


Genus Schendylota, new 


Agreeing in general structure with Schendylurus, but the anal legs 
shorter, the ultimate segment being reduced to a tubercle instead of hav- 
ing the elongate form typical of the latter genus. 

Generotype.—Schendylota varipicta, new species. 


Schendylota varipicta, new species 


- Description When in full color, yellow with a median geminate black 
band along the dorsum, this most distinct posteriorly, together with 
dusky blotches on the sides of the body and borders of the sternites; but 
in some specimens the pigment is partly or wholly absent. 

Cephalic plate longer than broad, narrowing moderately caudad; over- 
lapping the basal plate which is wide. Antennae filiform. 

Claws of prehensors when closed not surpassing the anterior margin of 
the head; joints of prehensors all unarmed. Prosternum without chiti- 
nous lines. 

Ventral pores in a subcircular area behind middle of plate, this area 
not sharply defined. Anterior sternites each with its posterior margin 


28—Proo. Brot. Soc. WASH., VoL. 63, 1950 (155) 


ace 9 Oo RD 


156 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


angularly produced at middle, the process fitting into a pocket in anterior 
border of succeeding plate. 

Pairs of legs in male, 39. Anal legs strongly swollen, except the ter- 
minal, clawless article which is abruptly much reduced, tubercle-like, a 
total of six articles beyond the coxa. 

Last ventral plate very broad, widely rounded behind. Two large coxal 
pits on each side covered by sides of sternite. 

Length, 14 mm. 

Labrum widely and evenly concave, the margin armed with a series of 
stout, conical teeth, about ten in number, the lateral ones shorter, more 
rounded; later margins smooth or wavy. Inner branch of first maxillae 
with apical portion slenderly conical; outer branch long, biarticulate, 
arching over and meeting in front of inner branches, apex with a 
smooth, rounded lobe. Claws of palpus of second maxillae pectinate; 
pleurite not fused laterally with the coxosternum, within touching and 
partly covering the pore. 

Localities —Gilla de Guilarte, one male taken Oct. 9 by Rivero and 
G. Maldonado. 

Adjuntas, one specimen taken in July, 1947. 

Mariaco National Forest, two specimens taken Sept. 25, 1948. 

Differing from known species of schendylurus in the small number of. 
pairs of legs, in the great reduction of the last article of the anal legs, 
and in the typical presence of a pigmentation suggesting that of Nan- 
nophilus melanostictus (Attems). 


Genus Portoricellus, new 


Characterized especially by having the coxae of the first maxillae free, 
not fused with each other at the middle line, and in having the telopodite 
of the anal legs composed of only five articles, with no trace of a prae- 
tarsus. Labrum incurved and armed with stout, separately rooted teeth. 
Ventral pores absent. Coxal pores homogeneous, 2-2. 

Generotype.—Portoricellus mundus, new species. 

Like Nannopodellus of the Galapagos Is. in the five-jointed telopodite 
of the anal legs, but readily distinguished, e.g., in lacking the streng 
Serration on inner margin of claws or prehensors. 


Portoricellus mundus, new species 


Description.—Cephalic plate with sides widely convex; the posterior 
margin slightly convex, the anterior margin more strongly so. 

Labrum widely and evenly concave, bearing some 16 or more stout 
conical teeth. The coxae of first maxillae not fused at middle, their inner 
margins well sclerotized. Claws of second maxillae large, pectinate. 

Prehensors short, covered by cephalic plate; joints unarmed; claws 
slender. Prosternum without chitinous lines, its anterior margin concave 
or forming an obtuse reentrant angle. 

Coxal pores homogeneous, two on each side. 

Telopodite of anal legs composed of five joints; in the male conspicu- 
ously crassate, the terminal joint conically pointed. 

Pairs of legs, 45. 

Length, 12 mm. 

Locality. Ajuntas. One male taken in July, 1947. 


Chamberlin—Chilopods from Puerto Rico 157 


Genus Algunguis, new 


Related to Pectiniunguis in having the single large gland of each anal 
coxa heterogeneous or compound, but differing in agg the anal legs 
with well developed claws. 

Generotype.—Algunguis toronus, new species. 


Algunguis toronus, new species 


Description. Cephalic plate short, broadest behind, narrowly rounded 
anteriorly; caudal margin truncate; overlapping the broad basal plate. 
Antennae filiform. 

Labrum with margin convex at middle and laterally concave, the con- 
vex are bearing six stout, conical teeth of which the medians are largest. 
Claws of palpi or second maxillae pectinate as usual; pleurite not fused 
with cozosternum. 

Last ventral plate broad, somewhat semicircularly rounded behind. 
Each anal coxa presenting two large pits into which the simple glands 
or branches open. Anal legs with telopodite composed of six articles and 
ending in a distinct claw. 

Pairs of legs of female, 69. 

Length, about 30 mm. 

Locality.—Toro Negro, Villalba. One female taken October 11, by 
Rivero and Ramos. 


BALLOPHILIDAE 


Ballophilus riveroi, new species 


Description—Color pale throughout, no green or dark pigment evident 
in the preserved type. 

Head small, broader than long. Antennae rather short, the joints much 
shorter than, e.g., in the species of Claviphilus and Ityphilus here listed; 
enlarged distal portion broad and somewhat flattended. 

Body strongly constricted behind the first segment. 

Ventral pores in a mostly subcircular area which is not sharply de- 
fined or elevated, the area sometimes somewhat wider transversely and 
sometimes longer than wide; the four last sternites apparently lacking 
pores. 

The last ventral plate subtrapeziform, but the sides and caudal mar- 
gin a little convex. Coxal pores 2-2, homogeneous. 

Anal legs strongly crassate and of the usual] form. 

Pairs of legs 49-51. 

Length, about 12 mm. 

Locality —Adjuntas. Seven specimens taken in July, 1947, by J. A. 
Rivero. 

This is the first species of the genus to be reported from the Western 
Hemisphere. 


- Genus Clavophilus new 


Like Tanophilus in having only a single pore on each anal coxa, but 
the corresponding gland simple, homogeneous instead of consisting of sev- 
eral simple glands opening into the larger pit. Ventral pores more dif- 
fuse, the area large and neither elevated nor sharply limited. Prosternum 
of prehensors with chitinous lines complete and strongly marked. An- 


158 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


tennae geniculate, distally clavate. Anal legs much swollen, their telo- 
podite with tarsus biarticulate and lacking a claw. 
Generotype.—Clavophilus maricaonus, new species. 


Clavophilus maricaonus, new species 


Description.—Cephalic plate anteriorly semicirecularly rounded, about 
equal in length and breadth. Antennae thickened as usual beyond the 
middle, the distal portion cylindrical, of nearly same width throughout. 

Prehensors small, completely covered by head, much short of attain- 
ing anterior margin of latter. Prosternum with chitinous lines strongly 
developed and complete. 

Dorsal plates strongly bisulcate. 

Last ventral plate trapeziform, moderately narrowed caudad. Anal 
coxas each with one large, homogeneous pore almost completely covered 
by the sternite. Anal legs strongly crassate proximally, tapering distad, 
the terminal joint elongate conical. 

Pairs of legs, 89. 

Length, 20-24 mm. 

Locality—Maricao Insular Forest. Two specimens taken September 
25, 1948. 


Ityphilus lilacinus Cook 


Locality.—Maricao Insular Forest. One specimen apparently this spe- 
cies was taken by Mr. Rivero on September 25, 1948. The species was 
previously known only from the type locality, Sugar Loaf Key, Florida. 


ORYIDAE 
Notiphilides erga, new species 

Description.—Cephalic plate less than three fourths as long as broad 
behind, strongly narrowed forward. Antennae with joints short and 
broad. 

In agreement with the other known species of the genus in having the 
claws of the second maxillae pectinate. 

Prehensors of the usual proportions. The basal plate a little shorter 
than the first dorsal plate. 

The dorsal plates smooth throughout, not roughened as in maximiliani, 
at most but moderately uneven, lacking sulci or corresponding pits or 
these but vaguely indicated. 

As usual, the spiraculiferous sclerite fused with the prescutelum, with 
three rows of suprascutella in the middle region, a single row anteriorly. 
Suprascutella of upper two rows single sclerites extending the full length 
of the segment, the sclerites of the lower series also single on each seg- 
ment, this sclerite extending from caudal end to the prescutellum. 

Last segment with sternite, coxae and telopodites of legs of the usual 
form. 

Pairs of legs, 111. 

Localtiy.—Gilla de Guilarte. One specimen taken October 9, 1948, by 
Biaggi and Rivero. 

This species differs from maximiliani in having the lower suprascu- 
tellum undivided and completely separating the spiracular plate from 
the middle scutellum as well as in the larger number of legs,—111 pairs 
as against a maximum of 99. 


Chamberlin—Chilopods from Puerto Rico 159 


SOGONIDAE 


Genus Portoricona, new 


Labrum entire, apparently fused with the clypeus at middle; caudal 
margin mesally convex and armed with stout teeth, laterally not fringed. 
Clypeus with a single median foveola. Coxae of first maxillae fused at 
middle; outer branch or palpus biarticulate, with a lappet. Second 
maxillae broadly connected at middle; claw of palpus smooth; chitinous 
pleurosternal suture not evident. Prosternum of prehensors with com- 
plete chitinous lines; claw armed at base, other joints unarmed. An- 
terior sternites each with a deep, broadly v-shaped impression. Coxal 
pores of anal segment several on each side, all free from sternite. Last 
legs with a well developed claw. 

Generotype.—Portoricona adjunta, new species. 

Among genera of the Sogonidae nearest to the Mexican Nuevona, with 
which it agrees in having several pores on the coxa of the anal legs. It 
differs from Nwevona in having a well-developed tooth at the base of 
claw of the prehensors, in having a single clypeal area instead of two, 
in lacking the conspicuous band of pres on caudal border of sternites, 
and in the narrower last ventral plate with more numerous pores on the 
adjacent last coxae. 


Portoricona adjunta, new species 


Description.—Cephalic plate longer than broad and narrower in front 
than behind; frontal suture absent. A single median clypeal area. 
Labrum strongly protruding at middle where its convex margin is armed 
with four stout, conical teeth of which the two medians are much largest; 
margin ectad of these teeth at most wavy but neither toothes nor pec- 
tinate. Lappet on first joint of palpus of first maxillae well developed. 

Prebasal plate a little exposed at middle. Prosternum unarmed; first 
joints of prehensors unarmed; tooth at base of claw conspicuous, conical, 
black. Claws of prehensors when closed surpassing the head in front. 

Impression on anterior sternites widely V-shaped, with angle somewhat 
rounded. 

Spiracles all circular, the first one moderately enlarged. 

Last ventral plate as wide anteriorly as the penult sternite at its pos- 
terior border, strongly narrowed caudad, rounded at end; coxal pores 
small, about 15 on each side, all free from the sternite. Anal legs 
crassate in the male. 

Pairs of legs in female, 41; in male, 39. 

Locality Adjuntas. Two females and a male taken in July, 1947. 


Portoricona socia, new species 


Description.—Color yellow, the legs paler. 

The cephalic plate longer than broad, the sides straight between the 
oblique corners. Frontal suture absent. Prebasal plate exposed. 

Mouthparts in general as in adjunta. 

Claws of prehensors when closed extending well. beyond the front mar- 
gin of head; chitinous lines of prosternum moderately distinct; claw of 
prehensors armed at base with a small black tooth, the other joints 
unarmed. 

Spiracles all circular. 


160 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Sternal impressions rather weak, evenly curved, not angled at middle. 

Last ventral plate narrowing caudad, the posterior margin rounded. 
Coxal pores small, free, present ventrally and laterally. 

Pairs of legs, 51-53. 

Length, about 20 mm. 

Locality.—Guanica Insular Forest. Two adult and three partly grown 
specimens. 

Most readily separated from the preceding species in having the legs 
more numerous,—51-53 pairs as against 39-41. 


Chamberlin—Chilopods from Puerto Rico 161 


Vol. 63, pp. 163-166 December 29, 1950 


PROCEEDINGS MESON 
OF THE / SMITHSON Ay re 


BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


‘ NO 7p YY 
x, ik se a. af 
NEW RECORDS OF NEOTROPICAL GENTIANACEAE Fey eae 
By JosrpH Ewan a » 
Tulane University, New Orleans ; te A) 


Miscellaneous notes on an undescribed species, nomencla- 
tural transfers, and notable records in the four genera Insian- 
thus, Macrocarpaea, Pagaea, and Symbolanthus constitute this 
short paper. 


LISIANTHUS 


1. Lisianthus arcuatus Perk., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 31: 492. 1902. 


With the discovery of this species in the lower Magdalena River region 
of Colombia by Oscar Haught (no. 4652; US), the genus Lisianthus, 
sensu stricto, may be reported for the South American continent. The 
taxonomy of the genus is poorly understood, chiefly for want of a broad 
systematic approach not confined to national boundaries, rather than a 
narrow geographic survey of a few species. It seems likely that Lisian- 
thus seemannii (Griseb.) O. Kuntzel, based on H. Seemann 1064, Dee. 
1847, from Pifias, Darien, Panama—locality corrected over ‘‘E] Equa- 
dor’’—represents the same species, judging from a photograph (MO) 
of the type in the Hooker Herbarium at Kew. 


MACROCARPAEA 


2. Macrocarpaea affinis sp. nov. 


Shrub or small tree 2 m. high; upper stems terete or subterete, spar- 
ingly leafy up to the panicle; leaves lanceolate, tapering to a subcuneate 
base and acuminate at apex, scarcely revolute, dark olive green above, 
paler beneath, the midrib and secondary veins impressed above, promi- 
nent, puberulent beneath with short curling hairs, the blades 15-19 cm. 
long, 7-9 em. wide, the petioles 2.5-3 em. long, united by their bases into 
a collar-like ring; panicle ample, 16- to 20-flowered, the flowers greenish- 
yellow, borne on arcuately spreading pedicels 2.0-3.5 em. long; calyx 
shortly and broadly campanulate 9-11 mm. long, the lobes triangular, 
acute, but little overlapping, scarious-translucent or suberosulate, 4 mm. 
long; corolla narrow campanulate, 40-45 mm. long, cylindrical to summit 
of ovary, then gibbously flaring, the lobes ovate, 10-11 mm. long, the 
two lateral lobes abruptly acuminate from a broadly triangular base; 
style and stamens included at anthesis but early exserted; immature 
capsule slender ovoid, glabrous, 20-22 mm. long exclusive of stout per- 
sistent style; seeds unknown. 

Frutex, parte superiore caulis subtereti laevi; foliis lanceolatis, acu- 
minatis at subecuneatis margine vix revolutis, 15-19 em. longis, 7-9 cm. 
lats, supra saturate viridibus, subtus pallidioribus, utrinque glabris sed 


lZisianthus seemannii (Griseb.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 429. 1891. 
29—Proc. Brot. Soc. WASH., VoL. 63, 1950 (163) 


ner 9 9 106 


164 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


eosta et venis secondariis subtus manifestis puberulentibus, petiolis promi- 
nentibus, 2.5-3 em. longis, confluentibus ad basim similiter annulis; 
paniculis 16-20 floribus; floribus prominenter pedicellis, viridi-flavibus; 
calyce breviter lato-campanulato, 9-11 mm. longo, lobis triangularibus, 
acutis, patentibus, 4 mm. longis; corolla angusto-campanulata, 40-45 mm. 
longis, lobis ovatis, 10-11 longis; stylo post anthesin exserto; capsula 
immatura angusto-ovoidea 20-22 mm. longa; seminibus ignotis. 


Type collected on old road between Sucre and Bolivar, 1,900-2,000 me- 
ters, Dept. of Santander, Colombia, August 7, 1949, by Lorenzo Uribe 
Uribe 1991 (type, US). 


Compared with the two other NIG ics pu ee: native to the 
Department of Santander, M. macrophylla and M. polyantha, this new 
species is most closely related to the former. Macrocarpaea affinis differs 
from M. macrophylla, however, in its petiolate acuminate leaves; its 
larger corollas with longer corolla lobes, and persistent style. In fact, 
M. affinis will key out? on the basis of some of these characters to 
M. valerii, a Costa Rican species related to the Colombian M. macrophyl- 
la. Macrocarpaea affinis differs from M. valerii, on the other hand, in 
its much larger, longer, petiolate leaves, and larger corollas (40-45 mm. 
long; 25-35 mm. long in M. valerii). The stigma in M. affinis is dis- 
tinetly, bilamellate-clavate; in M. valerii, clavate-thickened. Macrocar- 
paea affinis is a member of Section Tabacifoliae. 

I am grateful to Sefior Uribe for the opportunity to study this collec- 
tion. I appreciate the assistance of Dr. G. W. Regenos of this University 
in preparing the Latin description. 

3. Macrocarpaea arborea (Britton) Ewan, U. S. Nat. Herb. Contr. 29: 
221. plate 1. 1948. 


Chelonanthus arboreus Britton, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trin. & Tob. 19: 
230. 1922. 


A synonym to be added is: 


Lisianthus brittonii Williams & Cheesm., Fl. Trin. & Tob. 2: 183. 
1947, based on the last. 


4, Macrocarpaea sp. 


There is a collection provisionally labelled Macrocarpaea thamnoides 
in the New York Garden Botanical Herbarium, made at Santa Cruz, 
Trinidad, B. W. I., by J. Dannouse in 1904, which should be noticed. I 
did not refer to it in my revision of the genus (1948)? because the speci- 
men was only in bud and different in certain morphological characters 
from any known Macrocarpaea. However, since Williams and Cheesman, 
in their account of the Gentianaceae of Trinidad and Tobago (1947)8, 
make no reference to such a specimen, it seems desirable to call attention 
to this curious collection in the hope that field botanists may watch for 
an anomalous Macrocarpaea in Trinidad. 


Whereas Macrocarpaea thamnoides has the upper floral leaves re- 
duced, in this Dannouse collection they are remarkably large (20 cm. long 
x 7-8 em. wide), petiolate and firm-coriaceous. The unopened corolla 


2Ewan, J. Revision of Macrocarpaea, a neotropical genus of shrubby gentians. 
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29, 203-251. 5 pls. 1948. 

SWilliams, R. O. and BE. E. Cheesman, Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2: [Gen- 
tianaceae } 179- 184. Ceaak. 1947. 


Ewan—New Records of Neotropical Gentianaceae 165 


suggests that the plant may prove to be a large flowered species, if, in- 
deed, it proves to be of the genus Macrocarpaea. 

The locality ‘‘Santa Cruz’’ is a village in a valley of Trinidad’s 
Northern Range, five miles northeast of Port-of-Spain, and doubtless 
refers more precisely to the forests on the sides of the valley. Dr. John 
Beard informs me that Dannouse is a well-known Trinidad collector 
and there are many sheets taken by him in the Trinidad herbarium. He 
was a paid collector, supported, he believes, by W[alter]. E[lias]. Broad- 
way (1863-1935), but certainly was not a trained botanist. Nevertheless 
he collected energetically, finding some very rare species, a number of 
which have not been collected by others. Most of his specimens have the 
vague locality ‘‘Arima,’’ a town 16 miles east of Port-of-Spain. Since 
he was a paid collector, there is always the suspicion that he got some of 
his specimens elsewhere, but this is unlikely. 


° PAGAEA 


5. Pagaea ramosissima (Benth.) Ewan, comb. nov. 


Lisianthus ramosissimus Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. & Kew Misc. 6: 
200. 1854, based on R. Schomburgk 989 from the Rio Negro. 

Helia ramosissima (Benth.) O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 428. 1891. 

No Lisianthus collection from the Rio Negro is mentioned among the 
species listed in Richard Schomburgk’s Reisen in Britisch-Guiana 3: 
955-956, 1848, which was based on the explorations of the brothers 
Robert and Richard Schomburgk between 1840 and 1844 on the British 
Guiana-Venezuela Boundary Survey. Though no identifying date or 
other notation accompanies the first description, A. C. Smith suggests 
that the type was taken by Robert Schomburgk during his earlier survey 
of British Guiana for the Geographical Society of London, between 1835 
and 1839, when he crossed into northernmost Brazil to the Rio Branco 
and the Rio Casiquiare of Venezuela. 


SYMBOLANTHUS 


6. Symbolanthus macranthus (Benth.) Ewan, comb. nov. 


Lisianthus macranthus Benth., Pl. Hartw. 144. 1844 (Type: Loxa, 
Eeuador, Hartweg 799). 

Helia macrantha (Benth.) O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 428. 1891. 

Representative collection: 

Ecuador: Carchi Prov.: Mexia 7562. 


7. Symbolanthus nerioides (Griseb.) Ewan, comb. nov. 
Lisianthus nerioides Griseb., Linnaea 22: 39. 1849 (Type: Las La- 
gunetas, State of Merida, Venezuela, Moritz 1189). 
Helia nerio[i|des (Griseb.) O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 428. 1891. 


166 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


ay Ye 


Vol. 63, pp. 167-170 December 29, 1950 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO SUBSPECIES OF HARVEST MIOS 
(GENUS REITHRODONTOMYS) FROM MEXICO = 4 


By EmMMeEt T. Hooper 
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology 


te 
py 


The collections of the University of Michigan Museum of 
Zoology include specimens of Reithrodontomys fulvescens 
from southeastern Puebla and northern Oaxaca and specimens 
of Rk. microdon from Michoacan and the Federal District. By 
virtue of unique traits of skin and skull, each of those two 
series appears to represent a distinct, and heretofore unre- 
cognized, geographic race. Most of the specimens were collected 
by Dr. H. O. Wagner. They constitute only a small segment 
of the total number of harvest mice secured by him in México 
for the Museum. He has helped me in many ways in my 
studies of the genus Reithrodontomys. It is a pleasure to 
name one of the subspecies in his honor. 


Capitalized color terms are from Ridgway, Color Standards and Color 
Nomenclature, 1912. Certain measurements employed herein require ex- 
planation: Depth of cranium is measured from dorsal limit of the skull 
to the plane that passes through the tips of the incisors and the ventral 
surface of the auditory bullae. Length of rostrum is a measure of the 
distance from the tip of a nasal bone to the small notch, located near the 
lacrimal bone, on the anterior, orbital border of the zygomatic arch. 
Alveolar length of molar row is the length of the alveoli, not the teeth, 
measured from the anterior border of the alveolus of M+ to the posterior 
border of that of M3. 


Reithrodontomys fulvescens infernatis, new subspecies 


Type.—Young adult male (molar teeth slightly worn), skin and skull; 
Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool. No. 91,470; México, Oaxaca, Teotitlan, 3,100 feet 
elevation; collected 26 February 1947, by Helmuth O. Wagner; original 
No. 2,728. 

Distribution.—Arid slopes of the Cafiada de Cuicatl4n (drainage of 
the rios Salado and Quiotepec) in southern Puebla and northern Oaxaca. 
Known range from Tepanco, 5,700 feet, Puebla, south at least to the 
vicinity of Teotitlan, 3,100 feet, Oaxaca. 

Characters and Comparisons.— A geographic race of BR. fulvescens 
characterized by small body size, relatively long tail, pale coloration, 
strongly constricted frontal bones and relatively (with respect to depth 
of cranium) long, narrow rostrum. R. f. helvolus, which inhabits the 
highlands of central Oaxaca, is much larger (head and body length 
about 75 mm. compared with about 65 mm. in infernatis), rufescent in- 
stead of buffy dorsally, and longer-tailed (actually, but not relatively) ; 


30—Proc. Biov. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (167) 


_ a dllUlel lOO 


168 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


the frontal bones are flatter dorsally and are actually as well as rela- 
tively broader interorbitally; the rostrum and the molar teeth are 
broader and longer. &. f. mustelinus, which ranges in the Pacific slopes 
of Guerrero and possibly in the Balsas Basin, contrasts greatly with 
infernatis, particularly in coloration. It is much more rufescent and 
blackish dorsally, cinnamon-tinted ventrally, larger, and has relatively a 
broader rostrum and longer incisive foramina. R. f. difficilis, an inhabi- 
tant of the humid Gulf slopes fifteen or twenty miles to the east of (but 
on the opposite side of a mountain mass from) the range of infernatis, 
is similar in body size and tail length, but it is blackish and tawny dor- 
sally and cinnamon ventrally; its brain case is larger and less constricted 
interorbitally. £&. f. toltecus, of the central highlands to the northwest of 
the range of infernatis, is darker and rufescent dorsally and more in- 
tensely pigmented ventrally. It is much larger, actually longer-tailed 
(relatively shorter), and has a broader skull with relatively broader 
rostrum, shorter palate, and longer incisive foramina. 


Color.—February specimen from Teotitlan: Upper parts Cinnamon- 
Buff, slightly intensified on the back with comparatively few black hairs 
and lightened on the shoulders with a grayish wash. Sides essentially 
pure Cinnamon-Buff, demarked sharply from the whitish or Pale Pink- 
ish-Buff under parts. Ears Drab, clothed internally and externally with 
Cinnamon-Buff hairs. Tail Fuscous or Drab dorsally, with a sparse 
growth of whitish hairs; paler ventrally. Forefeet and hind feet whitish 
or Pale Pinkish-Buff, the ankles dusky bordered by a narrow stripe of 
Pinkish-Buff. 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes, in millimeters, of five topo- 
types: total length, 161 (159-165); tail vertebrae, 94 (92-96); hind 
foot, 18 (17-20); ear from notch, 15 (13-16); greatest length of skull, 
21.3 (20.9-22.1); zygomatic breadth, 10.6 (10.5-10.7); breadth of brain 
case, 10.2 (9.9-10.5) ; depth of cranium, 8.4 (8.0-8.7) ; interorbital breadth, 
3.1 (3.0-3.2); breadth of rostrum, 3.8 (3.7-4.0); length of rostrum, 7.3 
(7.2-7.8) ; length of palate, 3.6 (3.4-3.7); alveolar length of molar row, 
3.3 (3.1-3.5); length of incisive foramina, 4.3 (4.1-4.6); breadth of 
zygomatic plate, 1.7 (1.5-1.8); breadth of mesopterygoid fossa, 1.2 
Gee ane 

Specimens examined. 
ico: OAXACA, Teotitlan, 3,100 feet, 8; PUEBLA, Tehuacan, 5,400 feet, 
4, Tepaneo, 5, 700 feet 5. 

Remarks.—N. f. infernatis inhabits the basin in which lie Teotitlan and 
Cuicatlan. The basin is termed by Conzatti (Proc. Int. Cong. Plant Sci., 1: 
534, 1929) the Cafiada de Cuicatlan and the botanical Estacién del Tome- 
llin. It is drained by several streams which join to form the Rio Tuxtepec 
(Rio Santo Domingo) and, much farther to the east, the Rio Papaloa- 
pan. Lying in the rain shadow of Gulf on-shore winds, the valley is ex- 
ceedingly dry and warm. Its flora and fauna reflect these desert-like 
conditions. Like several other froms known from the same valley, in- 
fernatis is pale; in this it contrasts greatly with the darker forms which 
inhabit neighboring areas. Among the subspecies of R. fulvescens, only 
canus and fulvescens equal or exceed it in pallor. The specimens from 
Tehuacan and Tepanco average slightly larger than those from Teotitlan ; 
otherwise they are similar. 


Hooper—Subspecies of Harvest Mice from Mexico 169 


Reithrodontomys microdon wagneri, new subspecies 


Type.—Adult female (molar teeth well worn), skin and skull; Univ. 
Mich. Mus. Zool. No. 94,185; Michoacén, about ten miles northwest of 
Ciudad Hidalgo, western flanks of Cerro San Andrés, 9,400 feet eleva- 
tion; collected 19 March 1949 by Helmuth O. Wagner; original No. 463, 
W. B. MelIntosh. 


Distribution.—Known from only two localities, in the Distrito Federal 
and Michoacan, México, but probably occurring elsewhere on the moun- 
tains that rim the southern end of the Mexican Plateau. Known alti- 
tudinal range 9,200-10,000 feet in Cafién Contreras, near Mexico City. 

Habitat.—Cool, moist situations supporting stands of fir, Abies re- 
ligiosa. Specimens were obtained in situations as follows: In Cafién 
Contreras, one specimen at the base of a large fir with no other cover 
near by; another example on moist ground near spring seepages among 
sacaton and a mixed growth of shrubs, young fir and other trees. On 
Cerro San Andrés, a specimen at the base of a fir (one foot in diameter) 
in a mixed forest of fir, pine, and oak, with a moderately dense herba- 
ceous understory; another specimen obtained in the same forest in an 
old nests of sticks five feet above ground in a erevice of a fir tree. 


Characters and Comparisons.—A geographical race of Reithrodontomys 
microdon characterized by large ears, pale dorsal coloration, shallow 
brain ease, long hard palate, and small auditory bullae. Slightly smaller 
and much paler dorsally than &. m. microdon; near Ochraceous-Tawny 
rather than Tawny or Cinnamon-Rufous in adult winter pelage and Cin- 
namon rather than Tawny or Russet in subadult pelage, and in both the 
subadult and adult coats with less blackish wash dorsally than in 
microdon; sides of face and body nearly pure Orchraceous-Tawny ; 
underparts whitish or pale Pinkish-Buff, the bases of the hairs white 
throughout on the throat, elsewhere on the body Plumbeous-Black. Ears 
Fuscous, sparsely sprinkled internally and externally with brownish or 
blackish hairs, and longer than those of microdon (from notch about 
19 mm. fresh and 17 mm. dry, compared with 17 mm. fresh and 15 mm. 
dry in microdon). Tail as in microdon, Fuscous dorsally, scarcely or 
not at all paler ventrally .Forefeet whitish, with or without a dusky 
stripe; toes white. Hind feet, from ankles to base of toes, Fuscous bor- 
dered by whitish, the Fuscous area usually wedge-shaped and covering 
much of the surface of the foot; toés white. Cranium small, the brain 
ease shallower (absolutely and relative to the length of the skull), the 
palate longer (its length equal to or greater than the interorbital diame- 
ter in wagneri, and less than that diameter in microdon), and the audi- 
tory bullae much smaller and disc-shaped rather than spherical. 

R. m. wagneri differs from &. m. albilabris much as it does from mi- 
crodon; albilabris apparently is distinctly larger, has slightly darker 
upper parts, smaller ears, a deeper brain case, and larger, oval-shaped 
auditory bullae. 

R. chrysopsis and R. rufescens, which may occur with BR. m. wagneri, 
resemble that form in color of the upper parts and of the ears; but 
chrysopsis has a hairier and usually distinctly bicolored tail, and both it 
and rufescens have cinnamon-colored underparts. The species is distin- 
guishable from all other species of the highlands of México in cranial 
characters, among which its long, narrow rostrum, bulbous brain ease, 


170 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


narrow zygomatic plate, weak narrow zygomatic arches, and full meso- 
lophs (ids) on all molar teeth are noteworthy. 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes in millimeters, of the holo- 
type and a topotype, respectively (molars of both specimens well worn): 
total length, 169, 173; tail length, 101, 103; hind foot, 19, 19; ear from 
notch 18.5, 20.0; greatest length of skull, 21.6, 22.1; zygomatic breadth, 
11.1, 11.0; breadth of brain case, 10.6, 10.9; depth of cranium, 8.3, 8.3; 
interorbital breadth, 3.6, 3.4; breadth of rostrum 3.8, 3.9; length of 
rostrum, 7.6, 7.9; length of palate, 3.6, 3.5; alveolar length of molar 
row, 3.0, 3.1; length of incisive foramina 4.0, 4.3; breadth of zygo- 
matic plate, 1.4, 1.4; breadth of mesopterygoid fossa, 1.5, 1.6. 

Remarks.—Reithrodontomys microdon is known from few specimens 
and localities. It is restricted to local pockets and apparently is un- 
common even in its preferred habitat. It is an inhabitant of fir and 
short-needled pine forests of cool, shaded canyons and mountainous 
slopes of southern México and Guatemala. At least two of the ten known 
specimens were collected well above ground. It is probable that it spends 
much of its life in beeea ede which reason it frequently may escape de- 
tection by collectors. Its spotty distribution, rarity, and probable ar- 
boreal habits suggest that the present populations of the species, in 
Guatemala, Oaxaca, Michoacan and the Federal District, are residuals 
from a time when the fir and pine forests were more widespread and 
continuous than they now are. 

Specimens examined.—Five from the following localities in México: 
DISTRITO FEDERAL, 15 mi. SW of México City, Canidén Contreras, 
9,200-10,000 ft., 3; MICHOACAN, 10 mi. NW. of Ciudad Hidalgo, 
Cerro San Andrés, 9,400 ft., 2. 


rye Ue FS 


wa 


7174 December 29, 1950 
PROCEEDINGS 


rat 2 wm {OF 4 
Pee lesi OF THE 


ONAL FORMS OF BIRDS FROM THE REPUBLICS OF 
PANAMA AND COLOMBIA 


By ALEXANDER WETMORE 


The subspecies described here have been separated during 
study of recently made collections in the areas indicated. The 
Colombian form is from the work of M. A. Carriker, Jr. The 
two races from Panama were secured by the writer and W. M. 
Perrygo. 


FAMILY TINAMIDAE 


Crypturellus saltuarius, sp. nov. 


Characters.—Generally similar to Crypturellus kerriae (Chapman'), 
but decidedly paler in color throughout; forepart of the crown dusky 
neutral gray (not black as in kerriae), merging into dull brown behind 
the center; dorsal surface, except the tail and upper tail coverts, duller 
brown, less rufescent; decidedly paler below, more buffy, less rufescent; 
grayish band on breast distinct; sides of head and neck bright brown 
(not blackish). 

Description.—Type, male, U. S. Nat. Mus., Cat. no. 372,312, Ayacu- 
cho, elevation 500 feet, 25 kilometers east of La Gloria, Magdalena, 
Colombia, collected June 9, 1943, by M. A. Carriker, Jr. (orig. no. 4,245). 
Anterior half of crown deep neutral gray; lores hair brown; sides of 
crown in superciliary area drab; space in front of eye cinnamon, chang- 
ing to sayal brown on sides of head and behind eye, the brown color 
extending indistinctly as a narrow line around the margin of the upper 
eyelid; a poorly defined malar stripe of sayal brown; auricular patch 
bone brown; hindneck warm sepia, changing to cinnamon brown on the 
sides of the neck, where those feathers adjacent to the malar stripe are 
tipped indistinctly with sayal brown; upper back Vandyke brown, the 
feathers of the lower portion with indistinct frecklings of dark neutral 
gray, perceivable only on close scutiny; lower back warm sepia, the 
feathers with subterminal bands of dull black and faint tips of verona 
brown, the black bands becoming progressively heavier over the rump to 
the upper tail coverts, with cross bands of pinkish buff; tail verona 
brown edged irregularly with black and pinkish buff; wing coverts dull 
black, with irregular bands of pinkish buff or light buff; tertials snuff 
brown, banded and blotched heavily with black; primaries and sec- 
ondaries fuscous, the secondaries and innermost primaries with partial 
bars of pinkish buff on outer webs; the primaries edged centrally on the 
outer web, and tipped indistinctly, with cinnamon buff, except on the 
three outermost, where only the tipping, reduced in extent, is found; 
throat and upper foreneck white; lower foreneck mouse gray, with an 


1Crypturus kerriae Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 34, December 
30, 1915, p. 636 (Baudé, Chocé, Colombia). 


31—Proc. Bron. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (171) 


NEC 2 9 1950 


172 Proceedings of the Biological Soctety of Washington 


overwash of clay color that becomes stronger over the upper breast, be- 
coming dull cinnamon-buff on the upper breast; sides of breast bister; 
center of abdomen dull white; sides, flanks and tibiae pinkish buff, the 
whole barred with dull black, the bars muca heavier laterally; under 
tail coverts cinnamon buff, with heavy, irregular markings of black; un- 
der wing coverts centrally pale mouse gray, externally, including the bend 
of the wing, deep mouse gray; axillars mouse gray. Maxilla blackish 
brown, becoming olive-brown on the tomium; mandible ivory yellow, be- 
coming olive-brown on the tomium; tarsus deep olive-buff, toes eream- 
buff (from dried skin). 


Measurements.—Male, type, wing 154.2, tail 45.7, culmen from base 
26.8, tarsus 45.4 mm. 


Range.—Known only from the type locality, Ayacucho, in the hill 
country at the northwestern base of the Sierra de Ocala, Departamento 
de Magdalena, Colombia. 


Remarks.—This tinamou, represented only by the type, is one of the 
most interesting finds in the ornithological exploration of this area. It 
is completely distinct from any other, being closest to Crypturellus ker- 
riae of the Baudé region of northwestern Colombia. 


The type specimen of C. kerriae, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Cat. No. 
123,204, is a female from Baud6, Choc, collected at an elevation of 2,500 
feet, July 3, 1912, by Mrs. E. L. Kerr (orig. no. 98). The bird is not 
quite fully adult, as the feathers of the upper foreneck and sides of the 
neck appear soft, with indistinct bars, while the white of the throat 
seems to be only partly developed, being restricted to the median line. 
It measures as follows: Wing 157.0, tail 35.3, culmen from base 29.2, 
tarsus 53.2 mm. Another specimen, a male in the Academy of Natural 
Sciences in Philadelphia, an adult, is likewise very dark in color, espe- 
cially on the head where the crown is completely black. The dark body 
color in this bird largely obscures the pattern markings found usually 
on the posterior parts of the body. This bird, examined through the 
courtesy of R. M. de Schauensee, has the following measurements: Wing 
165, tail 45.8, culmen from base 28.0, tarsus 56.4 mm. 


Family COLUMBIDAE 


Geotrygon goldmani oreas subsp. nov. 


Characters.—Similar to Geotrygon goldmani goldmani Nelson,2 but 
darker, especially on foreneck, breast and dorsal surface; foreneck and 
breast decidedly darker gray; upper abdomen darker; brown of crown, 
hindneck, wings, tail, rump and upper tail coverts darker, more choco- 
late; interscapular area darker, more purplish. 

Description.—Type, U. S. N. M., Cat. no. 423,145, male, 1250 feet 
altitude, above Quebrada Cauchero, Cerro Chucanti, Serrania de Majé, 
eastern Provincia de Panama, Panama, collected March 18, 1950, by A. 
Wetmore and W. M. Perrygo (orig. no. 15,791). Forehead hazel, chang- 
ing gradually to dark chestnut at the center of the crown, this color 


*Geotrygon goldmani Nelson, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 60, no. 3, September 27, 
i. p. 2 (5,000 feet elevation at head of Rio Limon, Mt. Pirri, Darién, Pan- 
amé). 


Wetmore—Forms of Birds, Panama and Colombia 173 


becoming chestnut and continuing back over the hindneck, anteriorly 
shading to pinkish buff above the bare loral space; malar region and 
a broad stripe extending back over auricular region to the posterior end 
of the head pinkish buff shaded with cinnamon buff; a very narrow line 
of dusky neutral gray above and below the bare lores; and a slight 
mixture of neutral gray over the auricular region; a mark of dull black 
beginning as a narrow line at the base of the bare mandibular ramus, 
broadening immediately, and extending as a broad stripe to the posterior 
margin of the head; interscapular region slate-violet no. 1, each feather 
with the concealed portion and an indistinct terminal edge carob brown; 
tertials, back, rump and upper tail coverts carob brown; wing coverts 
chestnut brown, the ends of the greater coverts changing to hazel with a 
narrow subterminal bar of blackish slate; primaries and concealed areas 
of secondaries chaetura black, the outer webs of the secondaries cinna- 
mon-brown, with an outer edging of ochraceous-tawny; middle rectrices 
and outer webs of others carob brown, the concealed portions of the 
lateral ones deep to dark neutral gray; throat and upper foreneck white, 
changing rather abruptly to light neutral gray on lower foreneck, which 
in turn becomes neutral gray and deep neutral gray on the breast; upper 
abdomen pale mouse gray; center of lower abdomen whitish; sides 
bister; flanks mouse gray, tipped with sepia anteriorly, and with pale 
drab-gray distally; under tail coverts mouse gray, edged terminally with 
pale drab-gray; under wing coverts dark to blackish mouse gray. Bill 
dull black; tarsus and toes Hay’s brown (from dried skin). 


Measurements.—Type, male adult, wing 138.2, tail 85.8, culmen from 
base 15.4, tarsus 40.5 mm. 


Eange.—Known only from the lower slopes of Cerro Chucanti, in the 
eastern end of the Serrania de Majé, eastern Panama. 


Remarks.—At the present time Goldman’s Quail-dove is one of the 
least known species of its group, so that it was of particular interest in 
the field season of 1950 to secure one in the little-known interior of the 
extreme eastern section of the Province of Panama. On comparison with 
the seven skins of the species in the original series from Cerro Pirri 
and Cana in the U. S. National Museum, it was evident at a glance that 
the specimen from the isolated Serrania de Majé was decidedly darker, a 
difference that was borne out fully on check with four skins in the 
American Museum of Natural History from Mt. Tarearcuna on the 
boundary between Colombia and Darién, and with two in the Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia from Mt. Sapo back of Garachiné. 
The separation is so definite that description of a new form seems fully 
warranted though only a single skin is available. The bird seems to be 
rare, and the one secured was the only one seen. It was found on the 
ground in heavy forest near the crest of a high ridge. 


While it has been customary in recent years to separate the quail- 
doves into two generic groups, Oreopeleia and Geotrygon, this does not 
seem justified. The only pertinent structural difference on which the 
two might be maintained apart from one another is found in the slightly 
stiffened, somewhat elongated feathers on the forehead of Geotrygon 
versicolor (Lafresnaye), type of Geotrygon. This is too slight a basis 
for generic separation; other characters that have been alleged do not 
hold. 


174 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Family CYCLARHIDAE 


Cyclarhis gujanensis flavens subsp. nov. 


Characters.—Similar to Cyclarhis gujanensis perrygoit Wetmore’, but 
with yellow of undersurface brighter and more extensive posteriorly, 
covering most of the abdomen; upper surface brighter green; crown 
grayer, less brownish. 

Description.—Type, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., no. 423,915, male, from Chim4n 
(Punta Madrofio), Province of Panam4, Panam4, taken March 31, 1950, 
by A. Wetmore and W. M. Perrygo (orig. no. 16,047). Crown and hind- 
neck neutral gray; sides of head below eye, including auricular and 
malar regions, light neutral gray; scanty feathers on lores pallid neu- 
tral gray; broad superciliary extending from posterior margin of crown 
to nostril (the stripe on either side nearly united on the forehead), and a 
line on the lower eyelid, russet; back, rump, upper tail coverts and wing 
coverts serpentine green; secondaries and primaries with inner webs 
dark mouse gray, and outer webs serpentine green, becoming Roman 
green distally; rectrices olive-citrine, with a faint edging of yellowinsh 
citrine; foreneck, breast, sides, and upper abdomen between lemon 
chrome and lemon yellow; sides of upper breast washed with pyrite yel- 
low; chin dull white; small area in center of abdomen white; under 
wing coverts pale lemon yellow; under surface of inner webs of remiges 
picric yellow anteriorly, changing to Martius yellow distally; flanks and 
under tail coverts pale lemon yellow. Maxilla snuff brown, becoming 
bister on the line of the culmen; tip of mandible drab-gray, rest 
plumbeous black; tarsus, toes and claws dull army brown (from dried 
skin ). 

Measurements.—Males (3 specimens), wing 69.2-73.8 (70.0), tail 49.0- 
52.3 (50.9), culmen from base 17.7-18.5 (18.1), tarsus 20.5-23.2 (21.7) 
mm. 

Female (1 specimen), wing 66.0, tail 53.2, culmen from base 17.3, 
tarsus 21.1 mm. 

Type (male), wing 73.8, tail 51.6, culmen from base 18.5, tarsus 21.6 
mm. 

Range.—Known from coastal area of eastern Province of Panama, 
Panama (specimens from Chim4n and Majé). 

Remarks.—In the course of field work in eastern Panam4 in the dry 
season of 1950 I was fortunate in securing specimens of the pepper- 
shrike, which on examination prove to represent an unrecognized form. 
The birds were found in small numbers in thickets back of the beach at 
the mouth of Rio Majé, and at the mouth of the Rio Chiman, near Punta 
Madrofio opposite Chim4n, these localities being on the coast of the 
eastern part of the Province of Panama a short distance from the west- 
ern boundary of Darién. It is probable that the birds that I recorded 
in 1949 at Chepo on the lower Rio Mamoni are this race*, and it is prac- 
tically certain that this is the form obtained in 1941 at Garachiné by 
the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition. 


8Cyclarhis gujanensis perrygot Wetmore, Prof. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 63, 
May 25, 1950, p. 61. (Ciénaga Macana, near El Rincén, Province of Herrera, 
Panamé4). 

4See Wetmore, l.c., p. 62. 

5See Bond and de Schauensee, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Mon. no. 6, 1944, 
p. 40. 


i Ged a a ee 


\ in q ¥Ar7 176 December 29, 1950 
aia a PROCEEDINGS 
AN ’, [O51 padi 


A NEW VARICORHINUS FROM LAKE TANGANYIKA 


By J. T. NicHOLS AND F. R. LAMONTE 


In cataloging accumulated fish material in the American 
Museum of Natural History, we have come across the follow- 
ing single specimen of an interesting, apparently undescribed 
Varicorhinus from Lake Tanganyika, with narrower, less 
specialized mouth than is usual in the genus, but obviously 
closely related to certain already described African species 
thereof. 


Varicorhinus chapini, new species 


Mouth small and narrow; minute posterior barbels (only) present; 
upper jaw with a conspicuous row of papillae. A long, strong, slender 
dorsal spine. Scales about 43. 


Description of type.—No. 18,785, American Museum of Natural His- 
tory, from Albertville, Lake Tanganyika, Africa, July 31, 1927, collected 
by James P. Chapin. 


Length to base of caudal, 87 mm. Depth in this length, 3.8; head, 3.4. 
Eye in head, 3.2; snout, 3.2; interorbital, 3; maxillary, 3.3; width of 
mouth, 4; width of head, 1.9; depth of peduncle, 2.6; its length, 1.6; 
dorsal spine, 1; longest dorsal ray, 0.9; longest anal ray, 1.5; caudal, 1 
(estimated, its tip broken) ; pectoral, 1.4; ventral, 1.5. 


Dorsal, II, 9; Anal, 7 (5 branched rays). Scales, 43, 7 between 
lateral-lime and dorsal origin, 544 between lateral line and ventrals, 16 
around caudal peduncle. 


Body slender, well compressed, top of the head somewhat broader than 
its lower part. Eye large, lateral, slightly before middle of head; inter- 
orbital concave; snout bluntly pointed. Mouth small, narrow, inferior, 
transversely rounded; the lower jaw with a sharp, firm but not ecartilagi- 
nous, edge, a row of small, blunt papillae above the edge of the upper 
jaw, and a few below that of the lower. A slender rudimentary posterior 
barbel only, about one eighth the diameter of the eye. Dorsal and anal 
faleate, their margins concave; when depressed, their tips extending well 
beyond the short posterior rays; dorsal spine long, slender but strong. 
Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes; pectorals not reaching ven- 
trals, ventrals not reaching anal. 

Color pale, probably silvery in life, the end of the dorsal lobe dusky. 

This species is unusually narrow-mouthed for Varicorhinus. It resem- 
bles V. varicostoma Boulenger from Angola in appearance and is prob- 
ably related thereto. It has fewer scales than V. tanganicae Boulenger, 
more than V. ruandae Pappenheim and Boulenger, both of which are re- 
eorded from Lake Tanganyika (Poll, 1946, Faune Ichthyol. du Lae 
Tanganika, in Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, p. 199). 


32—Proc. Bion. Soo. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (175) 


DEC 2 9 1950 


176 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


‘LOU A 


Aesover aS WNT aimss December 29, 1950 
¥ Dy PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 


NEW SPECIES OF SALDIDAE (HEMIPTERA) 


By C. J. DRAKE AND F. C. Horres 


The present paper contains notes on four species of Saldi- 
dae, three of which are described as new. The disposition of 
types is given beneath the descriptions of the respective spe- 
cies. The left paramere of two species is figured. 


Saldula dixoni (Distant) 


Salda dixoni Distont, Fauna Brit. Ind., Heterop., 2:405, fig. 258. 1904. 
Salda dizoni Distant, Fauna Brit. Ind., 5:221. 1904. 

Salda dixoni Breddin, Arch. fur Nat. 78A:86. 1912. (As subgenus of 
Chartoscrita.) 
Acanthia balnearum Bergroth, Philip. Jr. Sci., 13(D3)+:123. 1918. (New 

Synonymy.) 

A study of numerous specimens of S. balnearum Bergroth from Luzén 
(including specimens in Baker’s collection bearing same label as type) 
and specimens of S. dixoni Distant from India (Brit. Mus.) has shown 
that these two names apply to the same species of shore bug. Since 
dizoni has priority by several years, it becomes the valid name of the 
species. Many other specimens have been examined, from Formosa, 
Japan, Philippines (Luzén, Mindanao, Mindoro and Sdmar), Solomon 
Islands, Borneo, Celebes, Ceylon, Larut, and Africa (Senegal and Lake 
Chad). The type locality of dizoni is Siam. As pointed out by both 
Distant and Bergroth, the first and second antennal segments and the 
exocorium of the hemelytra occasionally vary somewhat in color. The 
color variety dixoni luteifusula Breddin (loc. cit., p. 86) is unknown. The 
type of the variety is not in the collection of Breddin in Berlin, and it 
may be lost. Its description does not fit any of the color variations seen 
by the authors. 


~ 


Saldula subsolans, new species 


Description.—Small, obovate, black with testaceous markings on corium 
of hemelytra; pubescence brown, dense, moderately long, brownish. Head 
black, strongly declivent in front, with very short pubescence; front 
longitudinally furrowed on median line, with apical callosites very large, 
greatly widened within, contiguous above clypeus; eclypeus large, testa- 
ceous, strongly convex, nearly twice as long as wide, the callosity on each 
side of clypeus small, testaceous; gula short, black, with grayish hairs; 
ocelli brownish, placed on slightly raised area, approximate, separated 
by less than half of diameter of an ocellus; spot between each ocellus 
and eye large, nearly triangular in shape, yellowish, contiguous with in- 
ner margin of eye. Eyes large, dark fuscous, converging anteriorly, the 
area in subapical notch black. Rostrum very long, brownish testaceous, 
extending between hind coxae. Legs testaceous, clothed with short pale 
hairs, the femora becoming dark brown or fuscous apically. Antennae 


33—PROo. Biou. Soo. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (177) 


pec 2 9 1960 


178 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


long, slender, shortly pilose; segment I short, stout, largely testaceous; 
II brownish, longest; III and IV dark fuscous; proportions—I, 12; II 
(male) 23, (female) 26; III (male) 18, (female) 20; IV (male) 17, 
(female) 18. 

Pronotum black. slightly shining, with moderately long, decumbent, 
brownish pubescence, deeply and broadly excavated behind, narrowed an- 
teriorly, with margins moderately rounded and slightly reflexed, approxi- 
mately two and one-half times as wide at base as median length (52:18) ; 
callus moderately swollen, convex, not extending on explanate margins, 
deeply and widely impressed on disc, extending a little behind middle of 
pronotum; furrow just back of callus rather deep, arcuate, pitted at 
bottom; hind lobe short, moderately convex, hardly as long as eallus. 
Thorax beneath black, slightly shining. Abdomen beneath dark fuscous, 
clothed with short grayish hairs; last venter in female longer than two 
preceding segments, whitish apically. Scutellum subequal in width and 
length, black, transversely impressed before middle, finely transversely 
rugulose behind. 

Hemelytra brownish black, a spot near apex of clavus, an apical ui 
and a long streak in front of middle along outer nervure of inner corium 
and most of exterior of outer corium flavous or testaceous; outer corium 
with small basal streak, an elongate spot in front of middle, a large spot 
within before apex and a small apical spot dark fuscous, the subapical, 
marginal testaceous area usually divided by a narrow, longitudinal, dark 
streak so as to form two large pale spots; clavus darker and more vel- 
vety than other parts of hemelytra; membrane clouded with brownish, 
non-hyaline, composed of four cells, the subapical spots in the cells tend- 
ing to form a crossband. Legs testaceous, clothed with short, pale hairs; 
femora at times with slight indications of a brownish band before the 
apex; tibiae with usual dark spines; tarsi with last segment brown or 
dark fuscous. 


Type (male) and allotype (female), Bandoeng, Java, Feb. 13, 1937, 
F. C. Drescher, in the collection of Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke His- 
torie, Leiden, Holland. Paratypes, 7 specimens, taken with type in Java, 
in collections of the writers and above-named Museum. 


Remarks.—This species is much smaller than Saldula javanica (Jac- 
zewski); it has the corium of hemelytra differently marked, and also 
different parameres. A right paramere of a paratype is figured. 


Saldula guamensis, new species 


Description.—Moderately large, male much smaller than female, ovate, 
the head, pronotum and scutellum somewhat shining, the hemelytra 
brown-fuscous, rather dull, with prominent white spots and prominent 
pale stripe on exterior margins; pubescence very long, with some short, 
dense, brown or golden hairs, Head black, broad, semi-vertical, slightly 
shining, with pale spot on each side next to eye opposite ocelli, with the 
usual six extremely long, upright, dark fuscous, bristly hairs; pubescence 
golden, dense, very short; ocelli slightly separated, with slight reddish 
tinge; front with median longitudinal furrow, on each side of furrow 
distinctly raised so as to form convex areas, with usual transverse ¢al- 
losities at apex, the callosities strongly swollen, yellowish, narrowed and 
meeting or nearly meeting within, distinctly arcuate, with hind surface 


Drake and Hottes—A New Species of Saldidae 179 


concave; clypeus brownish, with pale hairs, nearly twice as long as wide; 
labrum brown; bucculae black, aerolate. Rostrum very long, brownish 
testaceous, reaching beyond middle of hind coxae. Antennae moderately 
long, dark fuscous, shortly, densely pilose, with a few scattered bristly 
hairs on third and fourth segments, the first and second segments paler, 
brownish or yellowish brown; proportions—I, 14; II, (male) 22, (fe- 
male) 26; III, 19; IV, 20. Eyes very large, converging anteriorly, with 
usual subapical notch on inner side, black within notch. 

Pronotum black, slightly shining, densely clothed with long, brownish 
or golden pubescence, deeply excavated behind, moderately narrowed an- 
teriorly, more than two and one-half times as wide at base as median 
length (20:55), the side margins oblique, almost straight; callus mod- 
erately large, strongly convex, not reaching on expanded lateral margins, 
extending posteriorly a little beyond middle of pronotum, with large, 
deep discal impression at middle; furrow just behind callus deep, arcuate, 
pitted at the bottom; hind lobe convex, shorter than callus. Scutellum 
similar to pronotum in color, sheen and long pubescence or short hairs, 
scarcely longer than wide. 

Hemelytra extending beyond tip of abdomen, largely pale brownish, 
typically with seven, rounded, white spots on each side, the pubescence 
very long, dense, nearly erect, brownish or golden; clavus black-fuscous, 
velvety, with whitish, subapical spot, the pubescence quite golden, very 
long, conspicuous; clavus brownish with some yellowish, with six con- 
spicuous white spots (two subbasal, two near the middle and other two 
apical), the veins broadly dark fuscous; embolium pale, semi-transparent, 
with sometimes brown spot beyond the middle; membrane somewhat 
yellowish brown, subhyaline, the three first cells with brownish streak, 
the outermost cell without dark spot. Abdomen beneath black, with hind 
margins of segments narrowly testaceous, densely clothed with grayish 
pile; last venter of female much longer than other segments. Legs yel- 
lowish brown, clothed with short, pale hairs; femora tending to become 
a little darker apically; front tibiae with dark spot at base and apex of 
front surface; middle and hind tarsi with short, dark brown or fuscous 
spine; last tarsal segment darker. 

Length, (male) 3.20 mm., (female), 4.00 mm.; width (male) 1.30 mm., 
(female) 1.75 mm. 

Type (male), allotype (female), Mt. Chachao, Guam, May 16, 1936, 
R. L. Usinger. Type in Calif. Acad. Sciences. 

Remarks.—This species was wrongly determined by Dr. R. L. Usinger, 
Insects of Guam—II, Bull. 189, Bernice Bishop Museum, Honolulu, 1946, 
p. 1, as Saldula balnearum Bergroth. It differs from balnearum in size, 
oblique pronotal margins, and color and markings of the hemelytra. In 
general. appearance, guamensis most closely resembles Saldula opacula 
(Zett.), but is distinguishable by its different shape, smaller size, vesture 
of short hairs or extremely long pubescence on dorsal surface of body. 
Both species have a pale marginal stripe on each hemelytron. 


Saldula scitula, new species 


Description —Small, ovate, black, with pronotum and scutellum shin- 
ing, the hemelytra brown-fuscous, with numerous rounded whitish spots 
and broad, pale, flavous stripe on outer margins. Head black, scarcely 
shining, with very short brownish pubescence, a spot between each ocellus 


180 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


and eye flavous; bucculae black, clothed with grayish hairs; apical cal- 
losities of front narrow, contiguous within, blackish, the outer ends yel- 
lowish; clypeus brownish, convex, the small calloses on each side yellow- 
ish; ocelli scarcely raised; reddish brown, separated by less than the 
diameter of one of them; subapical excavation of eyes black, shining. 
Eyes large, black-fuscous converging anteriorly. 

Rostrum brownish, testaceous basally, extending between hind coxae. 
Legs testaceous, with short pale hairs, the femora becoming a little 
darker apically; coxae largely black-fuscous, somewhat testaceous apical- 
ly; hind tarsi with scattered dark brown spines. Antennae moderately 
long, shortly pilose; segment I pale brown or testaceous stoutest; IL 
black-fuscous, with dark pilosity; III black-fuscous, with longer, denser, 
whitish pilosity; IV very broadly banded with white, with only narrow 
basal and narrow apical portions black-fuscous; proportions—I, 13; II, 
19; III, 17; IV, 19. Venter brownish black, with grayish hairs. 

Pronotum deep black, quite shining, with short, brownish pubescence 
and interspersed with very short, brownish hairs, deeply excavated be- 
hind, three times as wide at base as median length (54:18); sides strong- 
ly narrowed anteriorly, the outer margins slightly sinuate (nearly 
straight), slightly reflexed; callus moderately swollen, convex, not ex- 
tending on expanded margins, deeply and somewhat transversely im- 
pressed on the disc; furrow behind callus deep, arcuate, pitted at the 
bottom; hind lobe moderately convex, not as long as eallus. Scutellum 
subequal in length and width, with impression in front of middle, the 
pubescence, lustre and color same as pronotum. 

Hemelytra velvety black, rather dull, with rather wide, pale flavous 
stripe on outer margins, the pubescence longer, golden, semi-reclining, 
also interspersed with some short hairs; clavus with an oblong spot near 
apex; inner corium with four, rounded, whitish spots (two marginal near 
outer nervure in basal half and other two in inner apical corner) ; outer 
corium with two smaller, subapical, white spots near inner boundary, 
the flavous stripe on outer margin moderately wide, with base and nar- 
row tip dark fuscous; membrane brown, non-transparent, composed of 
four cells, cells one, two and three each with three white spots (basal, 
apical and median), the outermost cell with only basal and apical white 
spots. 

Length, 3.15 mm. (male), 3.80 mm. (female); width, 1.35 mm. 
(male), 1.70 mm. (female). | 

Type (male) and allotype (female), Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, 
Brasil, March 13, 1950, Fritz Plaumann, in collection of C. J. Drake. 

Remarks.—Separated from S. ventralis (Stal) by its smaller size, sub- 
equal last three antennal segments, concolorous pronotum, and numerous 
prominent white spots on hemelytra. Both species have the terminal an- 
tennal segment broadly banded with white or flavous. S. ventralis has 
the pronotal margins flavous, and much longer second antennal segments. 
It is also larger and oblong in shape. 


Paper by Drake and Hottes 
Three New Species of Saldidae (Hemiptera) 


Fig. 1. Right paramere S. dixoni (Distant) 
Fig. 2. Right paramere S. scitula, new species 


PLATE XII PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. 63 


[181] 


Mw 


a 


Drake and Hotites—A New Species of Saldidae 183 


184 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


ADO W1L 


| <a Wa] PP), 185-188 December 29, 1950 
‘ty \ PROCEEDINGS 
FANS i291 OF THE | 


LOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


37 eos OF THE MILLIPED CHELODESMUS MARXI COOK, 
AND OF THE FAMILY NAME CHELODESMIDAE ; 


By RicuHarp L. HorrMan 


O. F. Cook’s pioneer classification of the Diplopoda (1895, 
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 9: 1-7) included a great many new 
generic and family names proposed without descriptions. In 
many cases their characters were deduceable on the basis of 
included species, but as often as not his original type species 
have remained totally unknown to this day. An example may 
be found in the case as Chelodesmus marai, and the genus and 
family based upon it. 

The original presentation of the family included only the following 
information (op. cit., p. 4): 

‘“‘Family CHELODESMIDAE,—genera Chelodesmus, Leptodes- 
mus, Odontopeltis, Odontotropis, Priodesmus, Rhacodesmus (Rhacis, 
is pre-occupied), Strongylodesmus. 

““ Distribution: Tropical America.’’ 

That this grouping was a mixed one is indicated by the fact that 
Rhacodesmus and Strongylodesmus have since been removed to a sep- 
arate family, Rhacodesmidae, and Hurydesmus, which should have been 
included, was listed in the Xystodesmidae. It should be remembered, 
however, that Cook worked with the disadvantage of having only inade- 
quate descriptions of most Neotropical forms, and that is why he based 
the family name on Chelodesmus (of which he had specimens) instead 
of on the earlier, but poorly known, Leptodesmus. 

Chelodesmus was described in a brief footnote diagnosis as follows 
(op. cit., p. 4): 

‘“Pores 13, on segments 5, 7, 9, 10-19, latero-inferior; sternum of 
fifth segment of male with four processes, that of the sixth with 
two; male legs with a large process from the apex of the penultimate 
joint. Type Chelodesmus marxi, U. S. National Museum.’’ 

This sort of description is rather inadequate in diplopod taxonomy, 
and is further complicated by the absence of any reference to a type 
locality. In succeeding years no additional information on Chelodesmus 
has been forthcoming, and the majority of European workers have com- 
pletely ignored the name and generally employed Leptodesmidae for the 
dominant family of large South American polydesmoids. Curiously 
enough, however, American systematists have rather consistently clung 
to Chelodesmidae. 

The primary reason for our long-standing ignorance of the characters 
of Chelodesmus is that Cook retained the original type of marzi, and 
not until his death in 1949 was it returned to the U. S. National Museum, 
where I recently had the opportunity to study it and make drawings of 
the gonopods. It is now obvious that Chelodesmus is a synonym of the 


34—Proc. Brow. Soc. WAsH., Vok. 638, 1950 (185) 


DEC 2 9 1960 


186 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


earlier Hurydesmus, a Brazilian genus recently much enlarged by the 
work of Otto Schubart. The pertinent citations are as follows: 


Genus EURYDESMUS Saussure 


Eurydesmus Saussure, 1860, Mem. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. nat. de Genéve, 
vol. 15, p. 335 (generotype, H. angulatus Saussure). 

Chelodesmus Cook, 1895, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 9, p. 4 (generotype, 
C. marxzi Cook). 


EFurydesmus marai (Cook) 
- Plate XIII 


Type specimen.—U. 8. National Museum no. 1,881,. labeled only 
‘“Therezopolis, Brazil, Dr. Goeldi, Marx Comm.’’ This locality is un- 
doubtedly in or near the State of Rio de Janeiro. } 

Diagnosis.—Very close to HE. agrestis Schubart, to which it runs in 
that author’s key (1945, Arquivos do Museu Nacional, vol. 38, p. 78) 
but differing in a number of minor details of the male gonopod. 

Description.—Similar to the species of Hurydesmus as described by 
Schubart. The following notes were made from the type: 

Length, about 40 mm. (much broken), width, 9 mm. 

Dorsum arched, almost smooth, finely coriaceous on keels. Latter me- 
dium in size, continuing slope of dorsum. Repugnatorial pores lateral, 
in a definite notch on side of keels. 

Pleurites with an oblique, longitudinal ridge (directed cephaloventrad) 
just above spiracular openings. 

Sternites wide, smooth, glabrous, produced into spines at bases of legs. 
Sternite of 5th segment with four upright conical knobs, that of 6th 
segment with two subtriangular laminae. 

Legs rather short, stout; prefemora not spined; a small projection at 
the distal end of femora. Second tarsal joint with the usual long process 
ventrad of third. Terminal claw small, straight. Legs and body com- 
pletely glabrous. 

Color dark reddish-brown with underparts and edges of tergites lighter 
red. Legs red with a purplish cast. 

Male gonopods as illustrated, projecting from a large, suboval, sternal 
aperture. Femoral process considerably larger than telopodite, forming 
a flat, shield-like development, bearing near the base a long slender 
spiniform projection. Femur of gonopod rather massive, tibiotarsus 
slender, distally flattened and twisted, its inner edges fimbriated. A little 
distad of midlength the tibiotarsus is widely slit, forming a long narrow 
sheath from which the solenomerite is exserted. 

Remarks.—Comparison of the figure of marazi with that of agrestis 
given by Schubart (op. cit., fig. 60) reveals that the two species are ex- 
tremely close, and that the latter may very well fall as a synonym of 
maraxi. However, there are several minor differences which may be con- 
stant, or only individual variations, or may possibly reflect different in- 
terpretation of the structure. For instance, Schubart shows the sole- 
nomerite simply arising from the side of the tibiotarsus, and an adjacent 
secondary process originating independently above it. In the type of 
marxi, L satisfied myself that the solenomerite unquestionably projects 
from the inside of the tibiotarsus, and continues to the base of that por- 


Hoffman—Milliped Chelodesmus Marxi Cook 187 


tion as indicated in the drawing. In view of my particular attention to 
this detail, and of the fact that Dr. Schubart is a very careful worker, I 
think it best for the time being to retain the two species as distinct. 

As to the family name to be applied to this group, I am retaining the 
name Chelodesmidae in anticipation of favorable action by the Interna- 
tional Commission on a proposal now before it. This proposal asks that - 
an established family name be continued in use even though the generi¢e 
name upon which it is based has fallen into synonymy. Otherwise it 
would be necessary to introduce a new family name based on EFury- 
desmus. 

The species of this family have been treated in detail by Attems in 
1938 (Das Tierreich, Lief. 69, pp. 1-201); numerous genera and species 
have been since added by Chamberlin (Peruvian), Loomis (Antillean) 
and Schubart (Brazilian). 


Explanation of plate 


Eurydesmus. marazi (Cook). Left gonopod of male helotype, cephalic or 
mesial aspect. 


PROG. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. 63 


PLATE XTII 


[188] 


Vol. 63, pp. 189-190 December 29, 1950 
Ssen INSTT PROCEEDINGS 
Wy OF THE 


Varig aciytt NEW P E FRUIT BATS 
NAL MUSES ENON, INSEE, 
T CONE R ANS 2 Sisonw 


Curator of Mammals, Chicago Natural History Museum 


The collections of the Philippines Zoological Expedition 
1946-1947 of Chicago Natural History Museum include two 
undescribed fruit bats of the genus Pteropus. One of these 
was taken on Busuanga Island from which no fruit bats have 
been recorded, and the other comes from Palawan Island, 
where only Pteropus v. lanensis is found. These are described 
here as 


Pteropus leucotis sp. nov. 


Type from Singay, Busuanga Island, Calamianes Group, Philippine Is- 
lands. No. 63,736 Chicago Natural History Museum. Adult male. Col- 
lected March 24, 1947, by D. S. Rabor. Orig. No. 2,647. 

Diagnosis.—Closely related to the samdensis and pselaphon group. 
Dentition much like that of Pt. anetianus; male with well developed 
neck tufts. Size medium, color pale, with whitish ears. 

Color.—Type: General color of mantle Clay Color (Ridgway, 1912) 
with neck tufts near Hay’s Russet. Top of head between ears Deep Olive 
Buff darkened by black hairs on face between eyes. Back near Hair 
Brown. Throat Snuff Brown darkening on sides. Hairs of center of 
belly much darker and mixed with them many silvery-white hairs. Ears 
light, almost white when held against light. 

In three female paratypes the mantle is (1) Cinnamon Buff and top of 
head Deep Olive Buff, (2) Sayal Brown and top of head Warm Buff. 
Back Dresden Brown in one, lighter in another and almost white in the 
third specimen. Under parts Verona Brown, darker in center of belly. 
Under parts lighter in two other females. Ears in all like those of the 
type. 

Skull.—Typically pteropine, rostrum somewhat shortened. Postorbital 
processes long, but not quite reaching processes of zygoma. Front of 
orbit above hinder edge of p*. Coronoid process of mandible with front 
margin steeply ascending, but coronoid height less than length of lower 
tooth row, ¢-ms. 

Teeth.—Similar to those of Pt. anetianus aorensis but broader, heavier, 
and with other minor differences. Upper incisors narrow, inner pair 
longer than outer, narrower than in aorensis. Lower incisors unequal, iz 
little more than twice the size of ii. Upper canines short, not recurved, 
inner cingulum strong, the raised margin or shelf showing tendency to 
divide into small tubercles. Lower canines short, slightly recurved, with 
broad shelf and strong inner cingulum. P! absent or very minute. Pos- 
terior ledge of p? not so sharply divided externally from main cusp nor is 
the postero-external tubercle so well formed as in aorensis. Antero- 


35—Proc. Brow. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (189) 


vt et hg |) alae 4 iis. 


190 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


internal basal tubercle well developed in p®. In p‘ the posterior ledge is 
not sharply separated externally by a notch from the main eusp but 
otherwise is very like that tooth in aorensis. The posterior ledge in m1! 
is little developed, the tooth being % as wide as long instead of 1% as 
wide as long as in aorensis. M? is larger than m; but smaller than pi. In 
the lower jaw pi is about twice the size of iz. The large basal ledge in 
ps, D4, Mi, Me, is marked by a notch postero-externally in the premolars 
but not so in the molars. This ledge forms a shelf on the interior side of 
ps, mM: and mz. The projecting heel on the antero-internal portion of ps is 
well marked but it does not appear in ps. The size of ms is greater than 
that of is. ; 

Measurements of type (paratypes in parenthesis).—Forearm: broken 
(137-142 mm.); ear 23.8 dry. Skull: greatest length 67.7 (64.9-67.4) ; 
condylo-basal length (to front of canine) 60.1 (59.6-60); palatal length 
32.9 (32-32.3); interorbital breadth 8.7 (8.5-9); intertemporal breadth 
7.5 (6.8-7.1) ; zygomatic width 38.8 (36.8); mastoid width 22.3 (21.9); 
_ width of brain case at zygoma 24.4 (23.5-23.9) ; orbit to nares 21.8 (19.6- 
20.3); orbital diameter 14.3 (13.8-14.6) ; upper tooth row 25.7 (25-26.1) ; 
width across canines 13.5 (12.5-12.8); width across m!-m1 19.5 (19.3- 
20.5); coronoid height of mandible 26.5 (26.2-27) ; lower tooth row e-ms 
29.2 (28.5). Teeth of type: length and width, p® 4.7 x 3.6; p4 5.1 x 3.9; 
m! 5.3 x 3.7; m? 2.5 x 2; p3 4.8 x 2.9; ps 5.2 x 3.4; m: 5.1 x 3.6; ma 4x 
a. 5) Wig 2X Las 

Specimens examined.—Type and three female paratypes. 

Remarks.—‘‘In high fruiting Ficus tree on mountain side.’’ 


Pteropus leucotis obscurus subsp. nov. 


Type from Santiago, Iwahig, Palawan Island, Philippine Islands. No. 
63,741 Chicago Natural History Museum. Adult male. Collected May 7, 
1947, by B. French. Orig. No. 3,063. 

Diagnosis.—like Pt. leucotis but larger and darker. Ears black. 

Color.—Mantle Bister (Ridgway, 1912), top of head, general color Hair 
Brown, lighter between ears; black Fuscous, lighter on sides; throat 
Bister, darker on sides; center of belly black; neck tufts about color of 
mantle and not prominent. The one paratype is lighter. 

Skull.—Like leucotis but larger with heavier teeth. 

Measurements.—Forearm, type 142.5, paratype 145.4. Skull of type: 
greatest length 68.6; condylo-basal length to front of canine 61; palatal 
length 33.6; interorbital breadth 8.8; intertemporal breadth 7.2; zygo- 
matic width 36.7; mastoid width 20.9; braincase at zygoma 24.3; front 
of orbit to nares 16.5; orbital diameter 13.7; upper tooth row 26.5; 
width across canines 14; across m1-m! 21.2; coronoid height of man- 
dible 26.2; lower tooth row ec-m; 30.3. 

Teeth, length and width: p? 5.1 x 4; p4* 5.7 x 4.7; m1 5.9 x 4.5; m? 
2.9 x 2.4; ps 5.4 x 3.2; ps 5.6 x 4.35 mi 5.7 x 4.3; me 4.3 x 3.7; ms 2.2 x 
dela 

Specimens examined.—Type and one paratype. Skull of paratype with- 
out number but believed to belong to this specimen. 

Remarks.—‘ ‘Feeding on mango at: night.’’ 


4 


vv 


earma 
rat] Dem {OE4 
wWitid buh i 


SATIONSL must’ 


Vol. 63, pp. 191-194 December 29, 1950 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW RACE OF SWAINSON’S WARBLER FROM THE 
APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS 


By BrRooKE MEANLEY AND GORMAN M. Bonp 


Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, 
Washington, D. C. 


Since Swainson’s Warbler, Limnothlypis swainsoni (Au- 
dubon), has always been known as one of the characteristic 
breeding birds of the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United 
States, it was a matter of considerable interest to ornitholo- 
gists when a mountain-breeding population was unexpectedly 
discovered by Lege (Legg, 1946) and Sims (Sims and DeGar- 
mo, 1948) in the “pe lees Allegheny Plateau region of 
West Virginia. 

Considering the fact that the rhododendron-hemlock, hardwood, and 
cut-over dry hillside habitat of these birds, upwards to 2000 feet in the 
mountains, is so unlike the canebrake habitat of the coastal populations, 
the writers undertook an examination of specimens from both areas for 
the purpose of determining whether there was any evidence of subspecific 
difference between the two populations. 

During this study, we have confined our examination to birds taken 
within recent years, inasmuch as old skins tend to be somewhat faded, 
foxed, or otherwise museum-worn. 

As a result of a rather lengthy and painstaking examination of speci- 
mens from both areas, we are convinced that, in breeding plumage, birds 
from the mountains are separable from those of the Coastal Plain. We 
have been less successful, however, in separating birds taken at other 
times of the year. This has been due, in part, to our inability to obtain 
sufficient material from all parts of the range and at all times of the 
year. Then too, distinctions between adult and immature birds in first 
fall plumage have been complicated by the fact that most specimens are 
unmarked as to age. We have thought it advisable, nevertheless, to pre- 
sent the results of our study of color differences in ventral plumage, 
based on the specimens and data that were available to us. 

In consideration of these factors, we have been particularly careful in 
our examination of Audubon’s type, which was collected by the Rev. 
John Bachman, near Charleston, S. C., almost 120 years ago. Since there 
is no date on the label, our only indication of the time this bird was 
taken is based on Audubon’s statement that the bird was collected in 
the Spring of 1832 (Audubon, 1834:564). While there is a possibility 
that Audubon’s type may have been a migrant representative of the 
mountain breeding populations, the specimen is an old skin which may 
have undergone considerable post-mortem change in color. In addition, 
the original description gives the under parts as ‘‘Brownish-gray,’’ while 


36—PrRoc. Brot. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (191) 


pec 2 9 1980 


192 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


the plate in the Elephant Folio shows the under parts to have some faint 
trace of yellow. Therefore, the evidence is inconclusive as to the color 
of the under parts with respect to yellow or the absence of yellow. Since 
Edisto River, near Charleston, S. C., is the type locality of Limnothlypis 
swainsonii (Audubon), and since the species is known to breed in this 
area, Audubon’s name is hereby restricted to the Coastal Plain breeding 
population. This leaves the mountain-breeding populations without a 
name, and they may be known as: 


Limnothlypis swainsonii alta, new subspecies 
Appalachian Swainson’s Warbler 


Type—Adult ¢, United States National Museum No. 362,424, Wal- 
halla, S. C., June 25, 1940, collected by W. M. Perrygo and S. Y. Hoyt, 
original number 4,681. 


Subspecific characters——Similar to Limnothlypis swainsonti swainsonit 
(Audubon) of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, but in breeding 
plumage with under parts more whitish, less tinged with yellow. Upper 
parts variable, but tending to be generally more brownish, less greenish. 
There is no significant size difference. 


Plumages.—(Colors listed in capital letters are taken from Ridgway’s 
Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, 1912.) 


COASTAL PLAIN FORM.—Adult in fall (5 specimens): Strongly 
yellowish below, approaching Citron. Breeding plumage (15 specimens) : 
Primrose Yellow. Immature in fall (2 specimens): Similar to breeding 
birds. (Note: Some birds taken in early spring still display strongly 
yellowish underparts, as in the fall plumage, while others are paler. Ob- 
viously some of these birds may be migrants of the paler mountain form, 
but we feel that possibly there is also an age factor involved. Our ma- 
terial and data, however, have been yecliaits for any positive state- 
ment concerning this correlation. ) 


MOUNTAIN FORM.—Adult in fall (2 specimens): About same shade 
of yellow below as Coastal Plain breeding birds, but possibly duller. 
Practically indistinguishable from juvenile coastal birds in fall plumage. 
Breeding plumage (5 specimens): Almost immaculate below, but with 
light suffusion of Naphthalene Yellow on breast and abdomen. Immature 
in fall (1 specimen): Ivory Yellow. 

Geographic Distribution—Breeds in the Appalachian Mountains from 
West Virginia south to Georgia. Winter range unknown at present, but 
probably very similar to winter range of the coastal populations. 

Specimens Examined.—WEST VIRGINIA: Nicholas Co., Mt. Lookout, 
1¢@3; Collison Creek, 1¢; Fourteen, 16. NORTH CAROLINA: Ashe- 
ville, 1¢, 192; Pisgah National Forest, 12. GEORGIA: Roswell, 16; 
Atlanta, 2¢; Augusta, 1¢, 22; Richmond County, 192 ; White County, 
Robertstown, 16; Beechton, 1¢; Macon, 2¢; LOUISIANA: Univer- 
sity, 96, 32; Baton Rouge, 26, 22; Baton Rouge Parish, 3¢; Mag- 
nolia Crossing, 1¢ ; Baines, 26; Denham Springs, 1¢; Grand Isle, 19 ; 
Kleinpeter, 13 ; New Orleans, 56,19. MISSISSIPPI: Vicksburg, 4¢ ; 
Starkville, 1¢. SOUTH CAROLINA: Mt. Pleasant, 19; Walhalla, 1¢4 ; 
TENNESSEE: Shelby Co., Lucy, 4¢, 12 ; Memphis, 2¢, 19 ; German- 
town, 43; Shady Valley, 1¢. MARYLAND: Pocomoke City, 14, Poco- 
moke Swamp, 22. 


Meanley - Bond—New Race of Swainson’s Warbler 193 


Acknowledgments.—The writers would like to express their apprecia- 
tian for the loan of critical material to the following persons and insti- 
tutions: The American Museum of Natural History, the Carnegie Mu- 
seum, the Charleston Museum, the Chicago Natural History Museum, the 
Louisiana State University Museum of Zoology, the Museum of Compara- 
tive Zodlogy, and to Messrs. J. Fred Denton, Ira N. Gabrielson, William 
W. Griffin, W. A. Lunk, Richard A. Parks, George M. Sutton, and M. G. 
Vaiden. 


LITERATURE CITED 


Audubon, John James 
1834. Ornithological Biography, II 
Audubon, John James 
1834. Birds of America (folio), II 
Legg, W. C. 
1946. Swainson’s Warbler Nests in Nicholas County 
The Redstart (mimeo), XI, No. 12: 70-72. 
Sims, Eleanor, and DeGarmo, W. R. 
1948. A Study of Sfainson’s Warbler in West Virginia 
The Redstart (mimeo), XVI, No. 1: 1-8. 


“4710: va ‘muses 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


Vol. 63, pp. 195-202 December 29, 1950 


NORTH AMERICAN ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS 
PTEROCHEILUS (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE) 


By RicuHarp M. BoHart 
University of California, Davis 


In the decade since publication of my revision! of the 
genus Pterocheilus, 5 new species and 1 new subspecies 
have turned up, bringing the known total for America north 
of Mexico to 37. This includes the discovery that nigricaudus 
R. Bohart, described from the female, is synonymous with 
anyoensis R. Bohart, described from the male. This was in- 
dicated by a series of both sexes from Yermo, San Bernardino 
Co. (EH. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain) and Hopkins Well, San 
Bernardino Co. (J. E. Gillaspy, L. W. Quate) collected in 
April, 1949. Also, a long series of both sexes of acuceps R. 
Bohart was collected at Mendota, Fresno Co., April 23, 1949 
(HK. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain, R. F. Smith). The male of 
this species has not been previously described and its prin- 
cipal features are given below. 


Pterocheilus acuceps R. Bohart 
Pterocheilus (Micropterocheilus) acuceps R. Bohart, 1940. Ann. Ent. 
Soc. Amer. 33:208, female. 


Male.— Similar to morrisoni Cresson, but last antennal segment 
smaller, more cone-shaped, not flattened beneath. Also, tergite II with 
a rather squarely U-shaped yellow margin, instead of curved as in mor- 
rison. 

The puncturation, pubescence, clypeal shape and mid femur shape are 
much as in morrisoni. The genitalia are most similar to those of cya- 
thopus R. Bohart, with the paramere stout and obliquely truncate at the 
apex. In cyathopus, the clump of stout bristles at the inner apex is 
largely confined to the oblique apical margin, whereas in acuceps the 
bristles continue onto the inner margin. One additional locality is 
Coalinga, Fresno Co., California (M. Cazier). 


Pterocheilus (Megapterocheilus) bradleyi, new species 
Description of male-—Dark brown to black marked with ivory as fol- 
lows: basal mandible spot, clypeus, face around antennal insertions, ex- 
tending along lower orbits, spot along upper orbit opposite median ocel- 
lus, scape in front, postocular line, pronotum above, tegula except for a 
clear spot, mesopleural spot, parategula, 2 scutellar spots, postscutellum 


1Bohart, R. M., 1940. A revision of the North American species of Pterocheilus 
and notes on related genera. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 33:162-208 


37—Proc. Biot. Soc. WAsH., Vou. 63, 1950 (195) 


Arana th @2aera 


196 Proceedings of the Biological Soctety of Washington 


mostly, spot on propodeal angle, legs partly, wavy apical margins of 
tergites I to VI and sternites II to VI, that on tergite II shaped roughly 
like a W. Antennal flagellum brownish beneath, legs partly brown. 
Wings lightly brown-tinted. Pubescence inconspicuous, pale, minute 
except on frons and propodeal angles; tergite If with a brownish pu- 
bescent sublateral spot. Puncturation moderate on head and thorax, fairly 
coarse and close on tergites; punctures of clypeus minute, those of 
frons small and well separated, those of pronotum moderate but well 
spaced, those of mesonotum mostly less than a puncture diameter apart, 
those at center of tergite II rather coarse and close. Clypeus weakly 
concave at apex which is about half as broad as length of antennal 
segment JII; last antennal segment shaped like a curved cone, two- 
thirds as long beneath as segment XII but only about one-half as large; 
head broader than long, lateral ocellus not quite 2 diameters from com- 
pond eye; propodeal angles blunt, mid femur somewhat flattened be- 
neath toward base; labial palpus with second segment as long as an- 
tennal segment XII, third segment as long as XIII. Genitalia about as 
in mirandus Cresson? but aedeagus and parameres a little more slender, 
aedeagus with edge serrate between median prongs and paramere inser- 
tion, paramere with inner basal edge nearly straight. Length to apex of 
second tergite 10.0 mm. 

Types.—Type male and 1 male paratype, Nogales, Arizona, August 30, 
1927 (J. C. Bradley). Type in Cornell University Collection; paratype 
in collection of author. 

Remarks.—A female specimen with the same data as the type is prob- 
ably the same species. However, it differs markedly in color, with an 
orange-red in place of black except at the petiole, along some sutures and 
in the ocellar area. The clypeus is somewhat produced apically and 
truncate. 

The male of bradleyi runs between trichogaster R. Bohart and decorus 
Cr. in the author’s key to Pterocheilus.2, The last antennal segment is 
pointed but the first tergite has no long hair. The presumed female 
runs to texanus Cr. in the same key but lacks the dark brown wings of 
the latter and has the first tergite more narrow and gradually sloping. 


Pterocheilus (Onchopterocheilus) sculleni, new species 


Description of male.—Black, reddish and ivory (ivory to yellow in 
paratypes). Reddish are: mandible apex, antennal insertion, scape most- 
ly, flagellum entirely, pronotum at sides below, mesopleuron partly, pro- 
podeum except for 2 large spots, stains on scutellum and postscutellum, 
legs partly (including most of femora), large square-ended mark on 
tergite I, x-shaped mark on tergite II, bases of tergites ITI to VI, 
tergite VII, sternites VI and VII. Ivory are: mandible mostly, clypeus 
and labrum, frontal and orbital marks, postocular spot, scape in front, 
pronotum above, large mesopleural and propodeal spots, 2 pairs of spots 
laterally on mesonotum, teguia, 2 spots on scutellum, post-scutellum 
mostly, legs partly including most of tibiae, abdomen except for red 
marks. Costa mostly and other veins of forewing basally reddish, stigma 
reddish, membrane clouded toward apex. Pubescence pale and inconspie- 
uous except on clypeus which is thickly covered with short silvery hair. 


Figured in Bohart, R M., 1940. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer, 33:177, fig. 3. 


Bohart—Additions to the Genus Pterocheilus 197 


Puncturation sparse on clypeus, coarse and separated by less than a 
puncture diameter on pronotum, mesonotum and dorsum of tergites I to 
ITI, a little less coarse on other tergites and rest of thorax; sternite II 
well punctured throughout, punctures mostly separated by a puncture 
diameter. Clypeus convex apically, head broader than long, last 2 anten- 
nal segments very small and largely retracted within XI, mid femur 
with a moderate hump at base beneath, parategula broadly rounded, 
propodeal angles blunt. Aedeagus with about 15 subbasal lateral teeth; 
paramere roughly cone-shaped, longer than broad at base, apical one-half 
with many strong inward-pointing bristles, becoming more numerous to- 
ward apex. Length to apex of second tergite 9.0 mm. 


Description of female.—Clypeus varying from ivory with red mark 
toward apex to yellow to orange-red. Mesonotum as in male or with 
black largely replaced by reddish. Mandible mostly or all red, frons 
and legs mostly reddish. Pale markings ivory to yellow. Labial palpus 
light reddish. Clypeus obtusely pointed at apex, punctures distinct and 
2 to 3 puncture diameters apart. Length to apex of second tergite 
about 9.0 mm. 

Types.—Male, California Academy of Sciences, Ent. No. 6,146, Doug- 
las, Arizona, June 16, 1942 (H.S. Seullen). Paratypes, 2 females, same 
data as type; 1 pair, Eckley, Colorado, June 30, 1925 (H. J. Grady) ; 
4 males and 2 females, near El Paso, Texas, June 21, 1942 (HE. C. Van 
Dyke and H. A. Scullen). 

Remarks.—This species runs near laticeps in the key (Bohart, 1940) 
and makes the fourth known species of the group. They may be sep- 
arated as follows: 


1. Labial palpus of female yellow, legs black and yellow... 2 
Labial palpus of female red or reddish brown; legs with con- 
siderable reddish. af, least more Tema urs toa Se! 3 


2. Clypeus in both sexes with a slight subapical depression filled with 
punctures coarser than those on rest of clypeus; mesonotum of 
female with a pair of nearly complete curved yellow stripes. 
Male mid femur with an acute basal knob, male paramere broad 
at apex and heavily ‘bristied-2 2 hurdi R. Bohart 

Clypeus evenly convex and rather evenly punctured in both sexes; 
mesonotum of female without central marks or with a pair of 
dots only; male mid femur swollen at base but not distinctly 
knobbed; male paramere more slender and pointed toward 
apex, Meuthy DrIShed. et ee trachysomus R. Bohart 

3. Second tergite with lateral spots broadly attached to apical mar- 
gin and extending obliquely inward so as to define a red or 
black x-shaped mark; male paramere cone-shaped with many 


lonmlania Stout, Drisclese 2 2 scullent R. Bohart 
Second tergite with detached or pale spots; male paramere boat- 
shaped and with weak bristles__-.--.--....-------------------- laticeps Cresson 


Pterocheilus (Onchopterocheilus) hurdi, new species 


Pterocheilus trachysomus R. Bohart, 1940, in part, ineluding allotype 
female and plate II, fig. 11. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 33:193. 

Description of male.—Black marked with yellow as follows: mandible 

mostly, clypeus, scape in front, interantennal spot, lower orbit, postocu- 


198 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


lar spot, pronotum except laterally, 2 large pleural spots, tegula and 
parategula, 2 spots on scutellum, postscutellum mostly, large spot on 
propodeal angle, legs mostly, apex of tergite I broadly and continued 
forward laterally to form a U-shaped mark, apical margins of tergites 
Ii to VI, enlarged medially and joined with lateral spot on II so that a 
black x-shaped mark is defined, apical bands on sternites I to VI, those 
on I and II U-shaped. Inner surface of flagellum, wing veins toward 
base and around stigma reddish. Wing membrane lightly stained. Pu- 
bescence moderate, silvery and appressed on clypeus, erect and fulvous 
on front, minute and inconspicuous elsewhere. Puncturation relatively 
coarse; clypeus with largest punctures in a slightly depressed subapical 
area, tergites closely punctured, tergite I roughened from middle toward 
apex. Clypeal apex somewhat convex; last two antennal segments largely 
enclosed in segment XI; parategula oval, propodeal angle blunt, outer 
surface of mid femur with an acute hump; paramere with a slanting, 
truncate apex, outer apical angle about 60°, inner apex with a tuft of 
stout bristles; aedeagus narrow apically and broad medially with a row 
of about 13 sharp teeth. . 

Description of female—Clypeus with an irregular linear spot from 
middle to base sometimes present, labial palpus yellow, mesonotum with 
a pair of oblique lines, diverging and recurved anteriorly; clypeus con- 
vex at apex and with a slightly depressed subapical area filled with 
coarse punctures. 

Types.—Male, California Academy of Sciences, Ent. No. 6,147, Halle- 
lujah Junction, Lassen Co., California, July 4, 1949 (P. D. Hurd). 
Paratypes, 4 males and 9 females from the following California locali- 
ties: Hallelujah Junction, Lassen Co.; La Crescenta, Los Angeles Co.; 
Mt. San Jacinto, Riverside Co. Collection dates are from May 10 to 
August 14. 

Remarks.—A paratype female from Mt. San Jacinto and a paratype 
male from La Crescenta were paratypes of trachysomus R. Bohart. Also, 
the allotype female of trachysomus now in the California Academy of 
Sciences is actually hurdi, the true female of trachysomus differing as 
indicated in the foregoing key. 


Pterocheilus (Micropterocheilus) sparsipunctatus, new species 


Description of male.—Black, marked with yellow as follows: clypeus, 
labrum, mandible mostly, interantennal spot, lower orbital line, scape 
except for a small black apical spot, postorbital line, pronotum largely, 
2 large spots on mesopleuron, tegula, squarish spots on scutellum, post- 
scutellum mostly, parategula, propodeal spots, legs largely and including 
first 4 tarsal segments (last one brown), broad apical bands on ab- 
dominal segments, that on tergite II with anterior margin straight 
across middle and angled obtusely toward base, segment VII mostly 
black. Flagellum orange-yellow beneath with a black line above ex- 
tending around tip of last segment. Wings smoky, veins brown to black. 
Pubescence pale fulvous, upright, very short except on front where it is 
about 4 ocellus diameters, and propodeum where it is 1 to 2 ocellus diam- 
eters. Puncturation mostly fine, moderate and close on front, distinct but 
. well separated on clypeus, granulate on mesonotum, fine and sparse on 
propodeum and abdominal apices, apparently absent in black-marked 
areas of abdomen which are finely granulate. Clypeus a nearly equal- 


Bohart—Additions to the Genus Pterocheilus 199 


sided heptagon, apex slightly concave and about as wide as length of 
antennal segment III; last antennal segment almost as long as XII, 
broadly rounded at apex, stoutly cone shaped; head broader than long; 
propodeum with cheeks bluntly angled; mid femur somewhat flattened 
toward base beneath but without an evident depression. Paramere en- 
larged triangularly toward apex and bearing 7 or 8 long bristles around 
inner angle, as well as 11 or 12 scattered shorter ones, longer bristles 
more than twice as long as distance across narrowest part of paramere. 
Length to apex of second tergite 6 mm. 

Description of female.—Clypeus black-bordered apicolaterally and 
light brownish across apex. Legs mostly yellow, tarsi reddish tinted. 
Clypeus almost twice as broad as long, apex slightly concave and with 
sharp lateral angles, head slightly broader than high. Length to apex of 
second tergite about 7.0 mm. 

Types.—Male, California Academy of Sciences, Ent. No. 6,148, Mt. 
Pinos, Ventura Co., California, May 31, 1942 (R. M. Bohart). Para- 
types, 3 males and 4 females from the following California localities: 
Mt. Pinos, Ventura Co. (R. Bohart); Acton, Los Angeles Co. (E. G. 
Linsley), Claremont, Los Angeles Co.; Mt. San Jacinto, Riverside Co. 
(R. Bohart) ; Deep Creek, San Bernardino Co. (E. G. Linsley). 

Remarks.—This species most closely resembles provancheri (Huard) 
and runs to it in my 1940 key. The more robust last antennal segment 
of the male, the broader clypeal apex in both sexes, and the practical 
absence of puncturation toward the bases of the abdominal segments all 
serve to distinguish sparsipunctatus. Details of the male genitalia, par- 
ticularly the long bristles of the parameres, are also characteristic. 


Pterocheilus (Micropterocheilus) provancheri albotinctus, new sub- 
species 


Pterocheilus provancheri pruinosus Cameron, of R. Bohart, 1940 Ann. 
Ent. Soc. Amer. 33:203. 


Description—Marked as in typical provancheri (Hurd), except that 
yellow is largely replaced by white. Pale markings of legs, clypeus, and 
mandible tinted with yellow. 

Types.—Male, California Academy of Sciences, Ent. No. 6,149, Sum- 
mit Camp, Lassen Co., Calif., June 28, 1949 (J. W. MacSwain). Para- 
types, 10 males and 9 females from the following localities: Summit 
Camp, Lassen Co., Calif. (J. W. MacSwain); Lake City, Modoc Co., 
Calif. (C. R. Fox); Elko Co., Nevada (T. E. Snyder, P. H. Baldwin) ; 
Gerlach, Nevada (P. C. Ting); Boardman, Oregon (G. R. Ferguson) ; 
Wagontire, Oregon (H. A. Scullen); Hatton, Washington (R. C. Shan- 
non); Lind, Washington (F. W. Carlson); Toppenish, Washington 
(Spuler); Bridger Basin, Wyoming (S. Garman). 

Remarks.—This subspecies is indicated in my 1940 key to males as a 
whitish provancheri, and in the key to females as subspecies pruinosus. 
However, true pruinosus Cameron is a larger, more heavily punctured, 
species from Arizona, similar except in coloration to flavobalteatus 
Cameron. P. p. albotinctus is similar in appearance to seneconis 
Rohwer, and the females of the latter are distinguished only by their 
finer puncturation. The males are separated by the depression at the 
base of the mid femur in seneconis and its absence in albotinotus. 


200 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Pterocheilus (Micropterocheilus) paenacuceps, new species 


Description of female.—Black, marked with orange as follows: cly- 
peus except basally, mandible, labial palpus, antenna except segments 
X to XII above, interantennal dot, lower orbital line, postocular spot, 
pronotum above, mesopleural spot, tegula mostly, wing veins mostly, 2 
spots on scutellum, postscutellum mostly, legs except basally, broad 
apical bands on tergites I and IJ, narrow basal and apical. bands on 
tergites V and VI, lateral spot on sternite I, sternite II mostly, sternite - 
VI at base and apex. Wing membrane amber to dusky in apical cell, 
faint violet reflections. Pubescence fulvous, inconspicuous. Puncturation 
moderate to fine, clypeus somewhat strigose and moderately punctured, 
punctures of front and mesonotum small but close, abdominal tergites 
with fine punctures basally and a zone of coarser apical ones. Clypeus 
tapering to a rounded point, head slightly broader than long, propodeum 
rounded laterally, length to apex of second tergite 8.0 mm. 

Type.—Female, California Academy of Sciences, Ent. No. 6,150, Green 
River, Wyoming, July 2, 1920. Paratypes, 1 female, same data as type; 
1 female, Rock Springs, Wyoming, June 29, 1920. 

Remarks.—This species is the only one in the subgenus with black 
and orange color pattern. Structurally it resembles acuceps, particu- 
larly with respect to the pointed clypeus. However, paenacuceps has a 
rather definite apical zone of punctures on tergites I and IJ, whereas in 
acuceps the punctures become gradually finer toward the base on these 
tergites. Since the known males of this subgenus resemble the females in 
markings, the male of paenacuceps should be readily recognizable when 
found. 


Bohart—Additions to the Genus Pterocheilus 201 


Vol. 63, pp. 203-204 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW CACOMISTLE FROM SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA 
By KENNETH E. STAGER 


A study of the distribution of the genus Bassariscus in 
southeastern California has disclosed the presence of a desert 
form which does not appear to have been previously recog- 
nized; it may be described as follows: 


Bassariscus astutus willetti, subsp. nov. 


Type.—Adult male, skin and skull no. 7,976, Los Angeles County 
Museum; Riverside Mountains, extreme northeastern corner of River- 
side County, California; collected by Kenneth E. Stager, February 13, 
1942. 

Distribution—Known from the type locality and southward to, and 
including, the Palo Verde Mountains, Imperial County, California. 

General Characters—Smaller than raptor and octavus, color light. 
Stands apart from nevadensis and yumanensis in color tone, due to the 
noticeable suffusion of pinkish buff, both dorsally and ventrally. Skull 
differs from those of both yumanensis and nevadensis in its shorter 
and more massive rostrum. Hairs of white tail rings noticeably pinkish 
buff at their bases. 

Color of Type.—Color of upper parts near cinnamon buff (of Ridg- 
way, 1912), with the black guard hairs giving a somewhat darker ap- 
pearance to the dorsal region, especially in the mid-dorsal area from the 
neck to base of tail. The black guard hairs thin out on the flanks, 
showing light ochraceous buff at point of junction with ventral surface 
proper. Forelegs bright pinkish buff on ventral surface, shading to a 
darker color on dorsal side due to presence of dark guard hairs. Paws 
a clear pinkish buff. Dorsal color of hind legs similar to forelegs, with 
paws showing the same pinkish buff. Ventral surface of feet dusky 
around margin of pads. Face of animal showing strong contrast of light 
and dark areas, with light patches predominant. Cheek patches under 
eyes ranging from pinkish buff above lips to almost white just under 
eye. A large postsupraocular patch of very pale pinkish buff above 
each eye separated by a dark frontal patch. .The type specimen pos- 
sesses a blaze of pale pinkish buff on top of head between the ears, but 
this marking is not in evidence in any of the other specimens of the 
series. Ears pale whitish on distal ends, shading into smoky at bases 
posteriorly. Tail with characteristic eight alternating black rings and 
black tip. Three black rings at proximal end of tail suffused with 
ochraceous buff. On ventral surface of tail the black rings are incom- 
plete, resulting in a continuous mid-ventral white line extending the 
entire length of the tail except for black tip. The hairs of the white 
tail rings are a noticeable pinkish buff at their bases throughout. 

Skull—Resembling that of arizonensis, but with rostrum proportion- 
ately shorter and more massive. Larger than yumanensis, with the mas- 


88—Proo. Brow. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (203) 


DEC 2 9 1989 


204 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


siveness of the rostrum contrasting strongly with the more slender 
rostrum of yuwmanensis. ; 

Measurements of Type.—Total length, 765 mm.; tail vertebrae, 400; 
hind foot, 60; ear, 53. Average of four adult male paratypes: 750 
(758-745); 389 (395-378); 64.5 (66-62); 52 (54-49). Skull (type); 
Greatest length, 78.3; condylobasal length, 74.8; zygomatic breadth, 
50.7; breadth of rostrum (over root canine), 14.7; mastoid breadth, 
33.7; imterorbital constriction, 17.9; canine-molariform toothrow (al- 
veoli), 31.7. Average of four adult male paratypes: greatest length, 
78.4 (77.9-79.7); eondylobasal length, 75.5 (75.1-76.7); zygomatic 
breadth, 47.7 (45.9-48.7); mastoid breadth, 33.5 (32.6-34.5); interor- 
bital constriction, 17.2 (16.5-17.8); canine-molariform toothrow, 30.7 
(30.0-31.4). 

Remarks.—The three specimens, 1 male (L.A.M. 8,397) and 2 females 
(L.A.M. 8,395 and 8,396), from the Palo Verde Mountains, show the 
same skull characters as those given for the type, but there is a reduc- 
tion in the amount of pinkish buff in hair color, thus causing them to 
favor yuwmanensis in external appearance. This intergradation is to be 
expected, however, since the Palo Verde Mountains are situated close 
to the edge of the range of yuwmanensis as given by Huey. A specimen 
(MVZ 51,608) from near Laguna Dam, Imperial County, California, 
possesses a skull with characters almost identical with those of the skull 
of the type of yumanensis. 

Specimens Examined.—Total number, 10, as follows: RIVERSIDE 
COUNTY: Riverside Mountains (type locality), 7; IMPERIAL 
COUNTY: Palo Verde Mountains, 3. 


Vol. 63, pp. 205-208 December 29, 1950 


PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 


A NEW TYROGLYPHID MITE FROM PUERTO RICO 


By Irvine Fox 


Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, School of Tropical 
Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico 


The mite described here was first observed in 1946, when it 
appeared in Petri dishes containing«wertews-arthropods, which 
had been combed from rats in the course of an ectoparasite 
survey. For some time it was believed to be associated with 
rats. Later on, however, when light trap collections were un- 
der study, the mite was again noted, this time feeding vora- 
ciously on dead mosquitoes and other insects. It is therefore 
a feeder on dead insects, and a museum pest of no mean pro- 
portions, at least in Puerto Rico, where it can quickly destroy 
an insect collection not adequately protected with paradi- 
chlorobenzene. 7 


SUBFAMILY SUIDASINAE HUGHES 


Suidasia insectorum, new species 


-Male.—Length of idiosoma of holotype, .358 mm., greatest width, 
.232 mm.; length of idiosoma of three paratypes, .316 mm., .319 mm., 
and .336 mm. The shape of the body and the texture of the cuticle is 
very much as described for S. nesbitti Hughes, except that certain speci- 
mens give a more broad-shouldered effect when alive, and the dorsal 
surface has distinct longitudinal grooves; the opisthosoma, too, seems 
to have on each side a more or less oval hyaline area (Fig. 1). After 
mounting on a slide in Berlese mixture, the body shape is broadly oval 
and the texture of the skin as when alive cannot be made out. Chelicera 
armed wtih prominent teeth as shown in Fig. 2. The internal vertical 
setae (Fig. 3) arise from conspicuous tubercles; the external verticals 
are very faint and located well anterior to the pseudostigmatie organs. 
External scapular setae large and robust; the internal scapulars very 
small as indeed are the other dorsal setae. Pseudostigmatie organ 
(Fig. 5) large and plumose. External posterior setae stout, about one- 
half as long as the idiosoma; internal posteriors very small. On each 
side of the anus is a large oval area about which are three small setae, 
near the most anterior of these is an unidentified structure which is 
somewhat larger than a setal pit (Fig. 7). Genital area with a pair of 
suckers on each side (Fig. 9); the penis in its undisturbed position 
appears to be concave at the middle, but in some mounted specimens it is 
bent to one side or the other (Figs. 9A and 9B). Legs I are longer and 
wider than the others; the average lengths of all legs (legs I, II, III 


39—Proc. Bron. Soc. WASH., Vou. 63, 1950 (205) 


206 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


and IV) of four specimens when measured from the base of the tro- 
chanter to the end of the tarsus exclusive of the claws were in the fol- 
lowing proportion, 49: 39: 43:40. Chaetotaxy of tarsus I as shown in 
Fig. 10; the microsense seta does not appear to be present but there is 
a circumscribed area which may be its rudiments, the macrosense seta 
extends well beyond the dorsal median seta and the distal edge of the 
tarsus bears two spine-like seta. In tarsus II the macrosense seta is 
shorter and broader and does not extend beyond the dorsal median seta. 
Tarsus IV has two suckers of which the basal is located about equidis- 
tant from base to apex and the distal is located in the apical third as 
shown in Fig. 4. Tibiae I, II and III each with a long distal seta 
which is much shorter than its corresponding leg, being about three- 
fifths as long on the first leg and about one-half as long on the other 
legs; tibia IV does not have such a seta but instead a stout spine 

(Fig. 4). 

Femalée.—Length of idiosoma of female allotype, .350 mm., greatest 
width, .218 mm.; length-of idiosoma of three other specimens, .358 mm., 
.064 mm., and .372 mm. In general the structure is as in the male. Anal 
region as shown in Fig. 8; the setal pit-like structures are more faint in 
the female than in the male. Legs as in the male with the first pair 
longer and broader than the others. Tibiae IV with long setae but they 
are shorter than those on the other tibiae. Tarsus I is very much as in 
the male. 


Immature stages—Nymphs have the general structure of the adults, 
but the genital suckers are not on the same level as in the male or fe- 
male, the pair on one side being more anterior to the pair on the other 
side. Tibiae IV with long setae as in the female. In the larvae legs I 
are longer and wider than the others and the larval sense organ is bottle- 
shaped, as shown in Fig. 6. Length of the idiosoma of a late stage 
nymph paratype, .294 mm., greatest width, .176 mm. Length of idiosoma 
of a larval paratype, .182 mm. 


Type material—Male holotype and three male paratypes taken Au- 
gust, 1950, feeding upon dead mosquitoes which had been collected by 
means of a light trap and stored in the School of Tropical Medicine 
building at San Juan, Puerto Rico; female allotype, one paratype late 
stage nymph and one paratype Jarva taken under the same circumstances 
August 15, 1950, and September 8, 1950. The types are in the ento- 
mological collection of the Department of Microbiology, School of Medi- 
cine, School of Tropical Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico. 

Remarks.—In working up this mite, the writer was the fortunate re- 
cipient of valuable advice from two distinguished authorities on the 
Tyroglyphidae, Dr. Herbert H. S. Nesbitt and Mrs. A. M. Hughes. Dr. 
Nesbitt, who had studied Ouvdemans’ types, stated in personal corre- 
spondence dated March 16, 1949, ‘‘The specimens of Swidasia sp. are 
so close to S. medanensis (Oud.) that I was tempted to call them a geo- 
graphical variety of this. Because of the different habitats, though their 
presence on rats may be purely accidental, I refrained. You can do as 
you see fit.?’ Mrs. A. M. Hughes, who was familiar with Dr. Nesbitt’s 
study of the species, wrote in personal correspondence dated November 
8, 1949, ‘‘I myself feel that it would be better to describe your species 
as a new one allied to S. nesbitti (which came from Istanbul, Turkey) 


Fox—A New Tyroglyphid Mite from Puerto Rico 207 


and S. medanensis as Oudemans’ ih ae description leaves much to 
the imagination.’’ 

S. medanensis (Oudemans) has as its type habitat the nest of a bee, 
Xylocopa, and the type locality was Medan, Deli, Sumatra. The origi- 
nal description, in Entomologische Pavichten 6:320, 1924, is meager 
and not illustrated, but certain phrases seem to show that a different 
species from the one described above was involved. Such phrases are, 
‘‘Tibiae I, II, III met tasthaar bijna even lang als die poot. Pseudo- 
stigmatisch orgaan een gebogen borstel.’’ ‘‘Larva..... Ventraal. 
‘*Bauchtstiele’’ konisch; ..... Pooten + even lang.’’ ‘‘Mas..... 
Penis kort, recht.’’ To the writer it is hard to believe that Oudemans 
could have been mistaken not only in the type habitat and locality but 
also in observing certain important characters. 


Explanation of Plate. 


Suidasia insectorum, new species. Fig. 1. Male, showing the body 
shape, dorsal grooves and in broken lines what appear to be hyaline 
plates on the opisthosoma. Fig. 2. Male, chelicera. Fig. 3. Male, internal 
vertical setae. Fig. 4. Male, distal portion of the tibia and tarsus IV. 
Fig. 5. Male, pseudostigmatic organ. Fig. 6. Larva, sternal area with 
the larval sense organ much enlarged. Fig. 7. Male, anal region. Fig. 8. 
Female, anal region. Fig. 9. Male, genitalia of the holotype; 9A, penis 
of a paratype; 9B, penis of another paratype. Fig. 10. Male, tarsus I. 


PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. 63 


PLATE XIV 


[208] 


) 


\tVYy 


__S 


INDEX 


New names are printed in heavy type. 


A 
Abbott, R. Tucker 


Giant African snails —_W.. Xi 
Acanthia balnearum ___.. 177 
Achillea millefolium — 100 
aciculatus, Hoplothrips — 142 
Actinodura nipalensis 

Gatlaen sisson eS 105 

MIPALENSIG esas ee 104, 105 
Poliotisn): -a es 105 
vinctura aan 104 
Walden) (itt. ert 105 
acuceps, Pterocheilus ___. is 195, 200 
Pterocheilus eee 
cheilus) RS SAVE 195 
adjunta, Portoricona ______ 159 
adjuntus, Glomeridesmus __. 147 
affinis, Macrocarpaea —__.__. 163, 164 
Phylloscopus 105 
Agama kirkii psa aici. PARES 127, 128 
fitzsimonsi _______.. 127, 128 
mossambica’: 2.03. 127 
OcCipitalis, 127 
agathona, Aphis _.__.___. 2123 
agathonica, Amphorophora _. 98, 100 
agrestis, Eurydesmus —__. 186 
albanus, Liomus’ 149, 150, 152 
albescentior, Certhiaxis 

Cinnamontea yee eee 85 
albilabris, Reithrodontomys 

microdon, 2225! doa ES tO 169 
albopictus, Pseudomasaris 

ZOTALIS| (ss 78 
albotinctus, Pterocheilus (M (Mi= 

cropterocheiius) provan= 

Cheri: = Laie Se)... Rubi) 199 
ANCOR SUIS ys Se 157 

COT OME SS ese ode en 157 
alta, Limnothlypis swain- 

S@INM » tne EEE 192 
amacurensis, Celeus undatus 117, 118 
Amazilia beryllina 59 

bervilinar ss Sees sc. 59, 60 
Gevilletr se kee ey 59, 60 
lichtensteini —_____ 
motasuaes es 59, 60 
VAL Micka ats reat te NEY 5 
americanus, Lepus ameri- 

GCAUTNUTS jy ee rl eB 63, 64 
Ames! Oakes) cos Bee ess x 
Amphorophora agathonica _. 98, 100 

KeSOCGUa:: 2 rt ert SS 97 
ja Clon ip eee ee Ol eI eae re aa ee 98, 100 
tiewatensay yen aeeiu ees 98, 100 
angulatus, Eurydesmus ___. 186 
anguste, Dinopium shorii _. 102 
annulus, Cyclorhabdus __ 70 
aorensis, Pteropus — 189, 190 
Pteropus anetianus ___ 189 
Aphis agathona ___.._.__. 2 21, 23 
erigoni __ ae Se 23, 26 
TAbISs. Se SE cee 100 
GRE aS a py 35 
tanaliasay ees Ait ae 100 
Hrovanetal a2 2 aes 24 


—Proo. Biou. Soc. WASH., VoL. 63, 1950. 


approximans, Celeus elegans 
Rhinocricisy 2 
aquaticus, Scalopus aqua- 
ticus 
SOPEX pecans eee ee 
arborea, Macrocarpaea —__.. 
arboreus, Chelonanthus —__.. 
Juluss) = é 
Rhiniocricus* se 2s oe 
Spirobolus (Rhinocricus).. 
arcanus, Phylloscopus 
subaffinis 
arcuatus, Dermanysus MP in 5 
Lisianthus __ 
arizonensis, Bassariscus 
ASEIEUS) 9 seers tas. 
Zethus (Zethusculus) — sah 
Artemisia dracunculoides _. 
Asthenes 
wyatti mucuchiesi 
sanctae=-martae _.__ 
NCU EL ate a aa 
Atlapetes personatus parui_ 
collaris __ 
paraquensis 
personatus 
atripes, Macrosiphum ___. 
atrirostris, Dendrocincla 
faliginosa -2 2 tee Se 
yao st I eee Sn 
Atwood, Earl bo 
aurea, Hyla CYB eC Sie eae as ae 
australis, Cycloray = 


bainensis, Dendrocincla 
fuliginosa _ 

bairdii, Lepus americanus__. 

Baker, Rollin H., and Cock- 
rum, E. Lendell 
A New Jumping Mouse 
(Genus Zapus) from Kan- 
Sag - wie 

Baker, Rollin mE and Han- 
kins, Robert M 


A New Subspecies. of 
Snowshoe Rabbit from 
Wy omiinipgy Sa ee eS ee 
Ballard. Rees se 2s era e eee 


Ballophilus riveroi _ iB 
balnearum, Acanthia ~~ 
Saldula 
Barber sible aS aetewe.c 7 Ae aes 
BassatiSeuisy iat ere 
astutus arizonensis __.. 
nevadensis ——_____ 
octavus _ 
raptor 
willetti __ i 
yumanensis. 225-2. 
Benyon, Wm. E. 
betyllinay vAmazilia 2 == 
Amazilia beryllina 
beryllinus, Trochilus ____ 


(209) 


63, 64 


1-4 


210 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Bishop, Sherman C, 
A New Cave Spider from 
North (‘Carolina 222222 
bislineata, Eurycea —_.___. 55, 56 
Blake, S. F., reelected Re- 
cording Secretary Bf sida he ain. x 
appointed delegate of the 
Society to Seventh Inter- 


national Botanical Con- 
gress at Stockholm —.... x 
Exhibition of specimens of 
Wolffia papulifera from 


Texas, and Wolffiella flori- 
dana and Leruna minor 
from Kenilworth Aquatic 
Gardens __... ats xi 
Report of observation of 
about 50 Red-winged 
Blackbirds in Alexandria, 
including one female __. ix 
Report of the voice of the 
Snowy Owl as described 
by various observers 
Report of finding 
clumps of. Solidago juncea 
in flower in Arlington, Va. ix 
Bilanina ys ee, Se 68 
brevicauda carolinensis 67 
Kirtland! Ac ee ees 67 
Bohart, Richard M. 
New species of Solitary 
Vespidae from North 
America (Hymenoptera, 
Vespidae)) ie ee 
North American Additions 
to the Genus Pterocheilus 
(Hymenoptera, Vespidae)__ 195-202 
bolliformis, Eumenes cruci- 
fega: wh. ce Nee EY, 80 
Bond, Gorman M., ‘and 
Meanley, Brooke 
A New Race of Swainson’s 
Warbler from the Appala- 


77-84 


chian’ Mountains) 22 2 191-194 
borealis, Lasiurus borealis_.. 112 
Wespertilion soe es 112 
Borthwick, H. A., Member 
of Council a ee x 
Biraclto ria soe ee 70 
glendaleayo) seu sau 70 
bradleyi, Hoplothrips —___..139, 142, 143 
bradleyi, Pterocheilus (Meg- 
apterocheilus) ~— 2 195, 196 
Breagcia echidna 20 
uncompahgrensis _____. 18, 20 
brewer Parascalops — 66 
Scallops). =e aes 66 
brittonn, Lisianthus .-_ 164 
bonitum, Macrosiphum __._. 15 
brunneomarginatus, Meco- 
cerculus leucophrys _.__... 122 
Burger, Leslie, Smith, 
Hobart M., and Potter, 
Floyd E., Jr. 
Another Neotenic Eurycea 
from the Edwards Plateau 51-58 
C 
californicus, Clethrionomys-~ 32 
Camibareliuisy: 220) teh a ee 89 
diminutus, 2 89, 92 
TRIN AC: eee a eI 
PUT, 2d ee ln ame de 89 
SChimittt 22-2 sai A ae 89, 92 
Shitteldtaty 225 we a 89, 92, 93 
campestris, Zapus hudsonius 12 KS 


caniceps, 


Megalaima  zey- 
amie eck a eter poesia 102 
Capitophorus patonkus colo= 
radensis) O32 23 ses 
caraibicus, Otostigmus —.._. 
Carex. go es £35; 36836) 39 
caricis, Macrosiphum 38 
carnifex, Hirstionyssus ——_. 32 
carolinensis, Blarina brevi- 
Cawley. Sees Bae ee ee alee 67 
carolinensis, Ivesia —— ._.... 9, 10 
Sorex (126s ee eee 67 
cayannensis, Cotinga cayana 5 
Celeus elegans WW . 116 
approximans —......... 116 
deltanus 115, 116 
hellmayri. 9 222 115, 116 
leotaudt (22 2 eae 117 
FUNG NS e ne 116 
citreopygius — 116, 117 
jllniana 2s ee = 116, 117 
undatus amacurensis __.._. 117, 118 
multifasciatus _.W_..... 118 
Undatus. a ees ee 117, 118 
centralis, Phylloscopus 
maculipennis — 106 
Centurus chrysogenys ___..... 109 
Certhia himalayana hima- 
hay atlay foe se rs, eee ae 106 
inflta, 22 Sas 106 
Certhiaxis cinnamonea albe- 
SCONLIOL 222 2. ah ee 85 
valenciana —......_. 85 
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 
Some Chilopods from Puer- 
fo Rico. 22% 155-162 
Some Diplopods’ from Puer- 
tO. TRICO Wale 147-154 
chamberlini, Chondrodesmus 70 
chapini, Varicorhinus 175. 
Chartoscritas, eee 177 
Chelodesmus Pe Satter 185 
TAL ee 185, 186 
Chelonanthus arboreus —__. 164 
Chondrodesmus chamberlini_. 70 
Danamentisy eee 70 
chrysogenys, Centurus ___.. 109 
Melanerpes 225.2 =. 109 
Melanerpes chrysogenys_ 109 
chrysopis, Reithrodontomys.. 169 
ir ats a i 36 
Cinclodes fuscus ____- 86 
cineraceus, Lipaugus cinera- 
CGS) ees ae ee ee is 
cinereus, Lasiurus _.._.. 113 
Sorex cinereus __._.____ 66 
Vespertilio 2.22 2 113 
Cinclosoma rufimenta —_._.. 104 
cinereiventris, Pachyram- 
phus polychopterus 7 


citreopygius, Celeus jumana 116, 117 


clarus, Cryptogonodesmus _. 148 
Clavophilus _.W 157 

maricaonus 158 
Cleidogona _. sei 69 

maciwlata: lai Ls see 69 
Clethrionomys californicus — 32 
cockerelli, Macrosiphum __. 100 


Cockrum, E. Lendell, and 
Baker, Rollin H. 
A New Jumping Mouse 
(Genus Zapus) from Kan- 


SAG tien sen ES eee ee 1-4 
coibae, Cyclarhis gujanensis 62 
collaris, Atlapetes per- 

sonatus __. aah 47 


coloradensis, Capitophorus | 


patonkus __ 
compressus, Diopssiulus | han 
Lepidocolaptes souleyetii 
Stemmuulws 222-2. 
Condylura cristata cristata. 
contortus, Cyclorhabdus 
Leptodesmus 
Solacnarhabaus, = 
Rooks AKON SNY ies ee 
cordobanus, Hexodontia _ . 
coronata, Hemiprocne oa 
pennis. 282. 
corymboson, Eriognium fees 
Corynornimus) 22 =a 
rafinesquii rafinesquii __ 
Cotinga cayana cayennensis_ 
Cottam, Clarence 
The National Wildlife Ref- 
uges 
crassirostris, 
crassirostris 
cristata, Condylura cristata. 
cristatus, Sorex 
crucifera, Eumenes crucifera 
cyathopus, Pterocheilus __ 
Cryptogonodesmus clarus __ 
darlingtoni et Es 
Cryptotis parva elasson__ 
havlani =" 
parva 
Crypturellus kerriae _..__ 
SaltuariuS 222 2.22 
Cyclarhis gujanensis ______. 
coibae 
PIG CUS eee ee, 
Aaviventris, 22. So 
MICATACUAC = Fee Fe 
perrygoi 
subflavescens ___ 
Gyeclorac australis. = Ue 
Cyclorana slevini _.._._-=—>SSE 
Cyclorhabdus 
annulus 
contortus ete Sie 
cyclorhynchus, Hyla aurea__ 


stris, Oryzoborus 


D 


daflaensis, Actinodura nipa- 
lensis 

darlingtoni, 
mus _ 

Davis, Malcolm, elected Vice 
President 

Davis, Malcolm and McCabe, 
John 
Exhibition of a live Snowy 
Owl 

Day, Albert M. ___ 

Dayton, W. A., 
Vice President 


-Cryptogonodes- - 


, reelected — 


Deason, H. J., Member of 
Wore 1a ns ee 
Deignan, H. G., reelected 


Vice President 
deltana, Dendrocincla fuligi- 
NoOSsa. eS 
deltanus, Celeus elegans eas 
Dendrocincla fuliginosa atri- 
rostris 
barinensis 
deltana Suet 
fulipinosale Se 
latsesnayer 52s 2) 
meruloides —— 
phaeochroa __ 
Tidgwayt 22 Sees are 


nae | 


134, 


118, 
115, 


118, 


118, 


Index 


Tato-olivacea: 0525 » 
dentipes, Hirstionyssus____ i 
Dermanyssus arcuatus -_ 
devillei, Amazilia beryllina_ 
diadema, Ochthoeca diadema 
Didelphis virginiana 

Virginiana 22 wes 
difficilis, Reithrodontomys 

fulvescens __ ite Be 
Diglossa duidae ‘duidae 
hitchcocki 

pari 225 ne, 
dilutior, Pipreola ‘formosa __ 
diminutus, Cambarellus ____ 
Dinopium shorii ___ 

BUCUStA.. 2 oe 

Shotts). eee | 
Diopssiulus compressus ____ 
dispar, Lipaugus cineraceus_ 

Sorex) 2s 
dixiensis, Tamiascurus hud- 
SOHICUS = shee 
dixoni, Saidula - 2. 
Dolichodynerus tanynotus __ 
turgiceps 
vandykei ___ 
Donneily, Thomas W. ane 
dracunculoides, Artemisia __ 
Drake, C. J., and Hottes, 


ae GF 
Three New Species of Sal- 
didae (Hemiptera) ee 
dryas, Hemiprocne longipen=- 
nis 
duidae, Diglossa _ duidae 
Duvall, A. J., reelected 
Treasurer ee See =. 


E 


Bde Ag Wig ee 
Eklund, C. R. 
Wildlife of the Ungava 


Peninsula __ 


Gris oni, AIS 2 
echidna, Braggia —— 
elegans, Celeus ps hele 2 


elasson, Cryptotis parva___. 
electus, Hexodontia —___ 
esmeraldae, ete 
souleyetii —. 
erga, Notiphilides _ pee NRE ars. 
electus, Peridontodesmus —_ 
erythronotus, Philydor 
Eptesicus 
fuscus fuscus 
Eriogonium 
COPY MUbOSHINy 2a et ee 
Eumenes crucifera bolli- 
fOrmisis) = 
crucifera- 
flavitinctus _.. 
sculleni 
verticalis tricinctus —__ 
Euryced vo wus eee 
bislineata 
latitans 
Sari Soe 
neotenes 
pterophila 
Eurydesmus 
agrestis 
angulatus 
marxi 
Euscarthmornis 
federalis 
granadensis 


fe Si, 


Saar 


ene Sh 


177, 184 


101 
45, 46, 47 


x 


51, 56 
55, 56 
52, 53, 54 
Si; 53,-55 
St, 52, 53 


52, 53, 59; 96, 37 
eis Clete 186, 187 


186 


212 


lehmiann 2 eae 
pyrrhops 
Ewan, Joseph 
New Records of Neotropi- 
cal Gentianaceae _... 


F 


federalis, Euscarthmornis 
granadensis 
fitzsimonsi, Agama kirkii ... 
flavens, Cyclarhis gujanensis 
flavicauda, Holothrips —__... 
flavinuchus, Melanerpes 
chrysOPenys = ae ae 
flavitinctus, Eumenes cruci- 
ie See a AN eo NE 
flaviiventris, Cyclarhis guja- 
ATO 12S 1S yp ese a ecw 
flavobaltaetus, Pterocheilus. 
fontinalis, Sorexy....2 eo 
Sorex Cinereus {o.) ee 
formosa, Pipreola formosa 
Fox, Irving 
A New "Tyroglyphid Mite 
from Puerto Rico ___.. 
frederici, Rhytipterna sim- 
Dlexy {2+ SR hes 
fremonti, Tamiasciurus __.. 
fuliginosa, Dendrocincla fuli- 
PANO SA) Wali MM Ree 
fulvescens, Philydor Wee ANS 
Reithrodontomys ....... 
fumeus, Sorex _._...... 
Sorex fumes) wee 
fungosus, Holothrips —... 
furfurosus, Sclerurus rufigu- 
Paras alaat <a a Aah 
fusca, Vaimosa, 2 eee 3 
Cinclodesms2se ee 
fuscus, Eptesicus fuscus_.. 


G 


Gardner, Marshall C. 
A List of Maryland Mam- 
mals. (Part I. Marsupials 
and Insectivores.). 
A List of Maryland Mam- 
mals. (Part II. Bats.) 
Garrulax rufogularis gros= 
Veron) 220 2 Buea 
occidentalis 
rufogularis ae 
striatus sikkimensis 
striatus 
Wibex ter hie eas aa 
Gee, Merle A. 
Big Game Management on 
the North Kaibab —.W. 
geomydis, Hirstionyssus —_... 
Geotrygon eae Sg 
goldmani goldmani _ VEU ae 
OFeas (2 a oa 
VEnsicolon) 22 ree s 
gibbsii, Neurotrichus 
Gilmore, Raymond M. 
Whaling on the West 
(Bio¥ 13 ai) NO Rc tees de SOM Cae 
glabrum, Macrosiphum __.... 
glendalea, Brachoria 
Glomeridesmus adjuntus __. 
pectinatus 
riveroi 


wen nee eens awn aternmme en ewe neem ee ae 


120, 121 
120, 121 


163-166 


120, 121 
127, 128 
174 
142 


109 


65-68 
111-114 


Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


goldmani, Geotrygon gold- 

bOoN21) oN ban uae UC see esc WR 172 
granadensis, Euscarthmornis 

gtanadensis;) 2.52. e ae 120, 121 
gratiosa, Ochthoeca diadema 120 
grosvenori, Garrulax rufogu- 

UST cr Non Mis cattce aaRA e Ae 104 
guamensis, Saldula 178, 179 
guilarteus, Tridesmus _.__.. 148 
gujanensis, Cyclarhis —_. 61, 62 
gularis, Mecocerculus leuco- 

ply ss Se ee ts ane 122 

H 
Hardy, Ross 

A New Tree Squirrel from 

‘Centraly iW tara (si eau eae 13-14 
harlani, Cryptotis parva__.. sf 67 
harterti, Mulleripicus pul- 

verulentus 103 
Helia nerio[iJdes — 165 

ramosissimus _ 165 
hellmayri, Celeus elegans. 115, 116 
helvolus, Reithrodomys ful- 

VESCENG() lhe oe aid yiaoles 167 
Hemiprocne longipennis coro- 

5 YY tf igh Coen MN eR na eo LE 101 

dtryas:: 220 ae ee 101 
Herre, Alber We Go: 

Two New Gobies from the 

Philippines with Notes on 

a Third Rare Goby... 73-76 
Hexodon ‘tia’ ce ies Same 71 

Cordobanis 22a es e 71 

electus): (i. See ee 71 

miorel tts) ce see ae mt 71 
himalayana, Certhia hima- 

Vayama nee eel eae 106 
Hirstiony.SSuis) se B15, 32,50 

Carnitex) ee a3 32 

dentipes, 22. eas es 31 

geomy.dis 2.3 ae ee 31 

ineslojovaeh, ee 31 

obsoletus _.. 31, 82, 34 

occidentalis 32 
hitchcocki, Diglossa duidae_ 45 
Hobbs, Horton H. 

A New Crayfish of the 

Genus Cambarellus from 

Texas (Decapoda, Asta- 

CIGAe)) i at Res aking 89-96 
hodgsoni, Megalaima —._._.. 102 
Hoffman, Richard L. 

Systematic Notes on Some 

Central American Milli- 

DEES so se ea RA eee 69-72 

The Status of the Milli- 

ped Chelodesmus' marxi 

Cook, and of the family 

name Chelodesmidae 185-188 
Hood, J. Douglas 

A New Hoplothrips from 

Cuba! sceiihy At Geena aes “ 139-146 
Hooper, Emmet T. 

Descriptions of Two Sub- 

species of Harvest Mice 

(Genus Reithrodontomys). 

from) Mexico, 22 aes 167-170 
Hoplothrips aciculatus 142 

bradleyi _ 139, 142, 143 
flavicauda | 222 2 eae 142 
fungosus WW 142 
tyranntis oe eee 142 


Hottes, F. C. 


Descriptions of Western 


Colorado Aphididae ~~... 
Descriptions of Some Aphi- 
gdidae’ tron, Carex, ee 
New Species of Aphididae 
Hottes, F. C. and Drake, 
Gray: 
Three New Species of Sal- 
didae (Hemiptera) ——— 
Shas pone bys GO Be eee See 
hubbardi, Hirstionyssus ~~ 
Ichoronyssus 
hudsonicus, Tamiasciurus —_ 
hudsontus, Zaps = 
Zapus hudsonius — 
humeralis, Nycticeius hu- 
meralis __ 
Wesper-tilitc co eo 
hurdi, Pterocheilus (Oncho- 
perocheilus) ar 
iylavauread aurean ce eee 
cyclorhynchus 
ramiformes 
Wlongsae as) ey 
ulongensis 
Myla Kkinghorm 0 5s 
latopalniata — = 22 2 2 


li 


Ichoronyssus hubbardi — 
incisus, Iomus _. 
infernatis, Reithrodontomys 

FULLVESCEIIS - eae stale Ses 
infima, Certhia himalayana_ a 
insectorum, Suidasia —_ 
insignis, Lepidocolaptes sou- 

leyetii 2. "— 


insularis, Microspirobolus 
intermedia, Rhytipterna sim- 
plex! 


eesset Van Clevei __ 
inyoensis, Pterocheilus ___- 
Todoplema isabellae isa- 
bellae 
Todopleura isabellae p paraen= 
SiS cos ee Be ede 
SLGinitis - etn ee ee Se Sk 
TERCTS 11S ce he 


isabellae, Iodopreura isa- 
bellae 

Ityphilus 

lilacinus 


carolinensis _..- = 
Tennesseensis®: 22 


J 
Jameson, E. W., Jr. 


Hirstionyssus obsoletus, a 
New Mesostigmatic Mite 
from Small Mammals of 
the Western United States 
(Acarina) 
javanica, Satdulajc oe ee 


jesupi, Ochthoeca diadema__ 
Johnson, D. H., Member of 
Council ee 


Jones, Thaddeus E. 
Antarctic travelogue —__.. 
Julus atboreus — = 
jumana, Celeus 
Celeus jumana 


Index 


177-184 
x 

31 

31 


205, 207 


116, 117 


213 


K 
kangrae, Megalaima zey- 

Ure oes ie pean Cone Sar ne ee a: 102 
kerriae, Crypturellus — 171 
kesocqua, Amphorophora__ 97 
KinShornl,. Elylay es ee 131, 132 
kati Aeaina: oe 127, 128 
kirtlandi, Blarina brevicauda 67 
Klein, Philip AG” Laie ies x 
Kuhnia lestoneelie Suge ae eee 28 

L 
lafresnayei, Dendrocincla 

fuliginosa a ae I Ee 119 

Lasinonycteris SRR See eae 111 

NOGtiVvasaAns = eee 111 
Ee ierits 10 eee a 112 

borealis’ borealis —2 ie 

Cineretign = eer hee 113 
Easser< Babiae) Sait i 
laticeps, Pterocheilus — 197 
latitans, Eurycea See) AS a a 
latepalmata, iylay ses 132, 133 
lehmanni, Euscarthmornis 

grandensis PSs Se tete at toes 120, 121 
leibii, Myotis subulatus_____ 111 

Wespertilia sus us 111 
leotaudi, Celeus elegans 117 
Lepidocolaptes souleyetii 

CONMMPRESSUS 5. ee 44 
esmeraidae 2.22. 44 
ATISTO NTS yeee ee aa ee 4d 
lineaticeps: 62 2s 43, 44 
littoralis Se at 43, 44 
Uaikeni = Se.) ae 43, 44 

Beptodesmiise 2 2 2s ae 185 

COULOEE UG) Ses 70 
leptophylla, Kuhnia — 28 
Lepus americanus ameri- 

CanuGs 2 era eee eee 63, 64 
Paral peas A ma 63, 64 
SECIUISUS= 2 a a: 63, 64 

leucophrys, Mecocerulus ___. 121 

Mecocerculus leucophrys 122 
leucotis, Pteropus ___________. 189, 190 
sy eee Amazilia beryl- ed 

Nia? eee Ree 
lilacinus, Ityphilus paileae cael Be 158 
Limnothlypis swainsonii___. 191, 192 

ED | 07 eee es a 192 

swainsonii _— a 192 
Eimcoln, <b. 7G: = “reelected 

‘Presidents oui a eS baa x 
Exhibition of newspaper 


picture of a ‘‘sea monster,’ 

probably a whale, that had ; 
come ashore in Egypt ix 
Report of attendance at 

Tenth International Orni- 
thological Congress _— x 
Report on conference on 


Alaska recently held in i 
Washington __ nee x1 
lineata, Megalaima ———____ 102 
lineaticeps, Lepidocolaptes 
souleyetii ___— ae oe 43, 44 
lonnls, “ee e ee aeee 149 
albanus a ee es SS ISO P52 
ODSCUPUS. 22 150 
Lipaugus cineraceus cine- 
raceus, got tS al 7 
CLS DCN a ee 7 
Liponyssus occidentalis _.. 31, 32, 33 
wernecki.: 225) 22 & 32 


214 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


Eistanth ug: ieee eee ee, 163, 165 
AL CUDEIS a ee eee a 163 
brittonit), = eas 164 
Macranthws jee sas 165 
NEKLOIGES: 12 ee 165 
ramosissimus 165 

littoralis, Lepidocolaptes 

sotleyetit \-== ee ee 43, 44 

longirostris, Sofex 28. 67 
Sorex longirostris —... 67 

Lophoproctus _...____.. 147 

Loveridge, Arthur 

A New <Agamid Lizard 
(Agama kirkii fitzsimonsi) 
from Southern Rhodesia 127-130 
New Frogs of the Genera 
Cyclorana and Hyla from 
Southeastern Australia 131-138 
- lucifugus, Myotis lucifugus. 111 
Vespertilio® 22222 111 
M 

macranthus, Lisianthus _... 165 
symbolanthus 2252 165 

Macrocarpacay = ener 163 
atfinisis 22 ee es 2 163, 164 
AT DOTS aya ae ne ok 4 164 
macrophyila 22 ee a 164 
poly anitha: coe ee 164 
thamnoides 1: a2ssh 2 tke 164 
Wolentie. ss eee Oe 164 

macrophylla, Macrocarpaea. 164 

Macrosiphum atripes __.... 18, 27 
Dordturnn so ey x 15 
CAliCls mek Eee 2 gentle eg 38 
Cockerellit-eee.s «Same nd 100 
Sabri 8 Ne 26 
Ghataes2 2 ee ee 37, 38 
fudbeckiarim, =22- 25s) 100 

maculata, Cleidogona 69 
Miexaicetmia: sto 20 dee 69 

magnirestris, Oryzoborus 

CraSSirostric, 8s es Aes 122, 124 
maniculatus, Peromyscus __. 32 
marginalis, Pseudomasaris 

ZOWALS) eee ete Lee hana, 78 
maricaonus, Clayophilus __ 158. 
marmoratus, Microspiro- 

beluga ae 151 

marxi, Chelodesmus 185, 186 
Eurydesmus -__.__. ee 186, 187 

maxilimiani, Notiphilides eae 158 
Oryzoborus crassirostris.. 123 

McCabe, John and Davis, 

Malcolm 
Exhibition of a live Snowy 
Meanley, Brooke, and Bond, 
Gorman 
A New Race of Swainson’s 
Warbler from the Appala- 
chian Mountains —_.__.__.. 191-194 
Mecocerculus leucophrys....... 121 
brunneomarginatus 122 
(AU ei erate ste UR ACE 122 
leucopary.s) jcc o 122 
IM@HIGeDS: 222 a Ue 122 
motatus) 1. 122 
palliditergum —___..__.. 122 
Da 121, 122 
roraimae <2 fies 122, 123 
setophagoides _.......... 122 

medanensis, Suidasia —.... 207 

mediolus, Microspirobolus eh 151, 152 

Megalaima hodgsoni -_........ 102 


bineata 32.522. oe - 
zeylanica caniceps_......_. 
kane tae 5 ee 
rana i i ald ad 
Melanerpes chrysogenys —.... 
chrysogenys —W.. 
flavinuchus 
mordensis Sa 
melanostictus, Nannophilus__ 
melanostomus, Otochryptops 
meridana, Ochthoeca dia- 


ema 
meruloides, Dendrocincla fuli- 
PInOGar - ae eae eee us 
Mexicetuniale 2 Sec Ree rae te 
maculata == 
Mickey, Arthur Bs canst ha 
microdon, Reithrodontomys.. i 
Reithrodontomys micro- 
(3 Kop « Yguesteealianek Wy Bre bey 1 
Microsorex winnemana —__. 
boyi winnemana 
Microspirobolus insularis 
marmoratus 
mediolus 
toronus: 2225 eee 
millefolium, Achilla —W.. 
Miller, -Addeni ii aie 
mohun, Mallenpiets pul- 
verulentus _. 
Monarda. (2 eel 
montaguae, Amazilia beryl- 
lina, eee One Oe Ta 
montana, Rudbeckia _ 
Moore, Robert T. 
A New Race of the Spe- 
cies, Amazilia beryllina, 
from Southern Mexico. 
A New Race of Melanerpes 
chrysogenys from Central 
Mexico _.... ou aN 
morelensis, Melanerpes ‘chry- 
SOPEMY'S (eae ws ae iy 
morelus, Hexodontia _.... 
morrisoni, Pterocheilus —. 
mossambica, Agama 
mucuchiesi, 


Asthenes wyatti 
Mulleripicus pulverulentus 
artert- lhe eee 
mohun 
multifasciatus, 
Gatlisn eee ee a eee 
mundus, Portoricellus___.___. a 
IVY CUS) 6 te SEO wie a re a 
lucifugus lucifugus _.. 
keenii septentrionalis —_.. 
sodalis = oehed, ede 
subulatus leibii_...__ 


Celeus un- 


nana, Kuryiced c.. 2 
Nannophilus melanostictus.. 
Neoichoronyssus 
werneGle (seo. 2. i 
nerio[i]des, Helia — 
nerioides, Symbolanthus ___. a 
nesbittr, Suidasia . = es 
Nesticus)) 22222 2 eee 
neotenes, Eurycea —_........... 
Neurotrichus gibbsii 
nerioides, Lisianthus —.... 
nevadensis, Bassariscus as- 
PLUS 22 ee ae 
Newportia 
nicaraguae, 


Cyclarhis guja- 


119, 120 


167, 170 


151, 152 
151,..152 


111, 113 


6 
31, 32, 33 


Index 


NEN Sisie Senet SE A 61, 62 
Nichols, J. T., and LaMonte, 

F. R. 

AeNew Varicorhinus from 

Lake Tanganyika —__ 175-176 
nigricaudus, Pterocheilus___ 195 
nigriceps, Mercocerculus leu- 

COP Gy Sip ee he 122 
ninae, 'Cambarellus __....__. 89 
nipalensis, Actinodura nipa- 

lensis eae eae at Bet a 104,-105 
noctivagans, Lasionycteris... 111 
noctivagans, V[espertilio] __ 111 
notatus Mercocerculus leu- 

COP Ty Se oe a) ean ea Se 122 
Notisonex (26 le en rd ose 68 
Notiphilides erga _.__.__. eee: 158 

Maximilian? W-ss 158 
Nuevona Bn Ss Aallas « oe OO 123, 124 
Diy EHICETGS o-oo ee 113 

humeralis humeralis 113 

O 
obscurus, tr pee eee 156 

Pipistrellus subfiavus —_. 112 

Pteropus leucotis ___. 190 
obsoletus, Hirstionyssus _.... 31, 32, 34 
occidentalis, Garrulax rufog- 

(TERS ~ a RHR 908: ee a 104 
Hirstionyssus ra te 32 
WAPOnySSUS) =o ” 33 

eceiprtalis, ‘Agama 127 
Ochthoeca diadema diadema 120 
Cr atO Sag cos Se ae = 120 
FESUP 1 eye ais oo et 120 
meridana __.._._. 119, 120 
tovarensis. —.--.—.. = 120 
octavus, Bassariscus astutus 203 
Qdontopeltisy 2... ou a 185 
oljatae, Macrosiphum ____. 37, 38 
O’Neill, Hugh, reelected 

Wice’ President 222 4 x 
opacula, Saldula 2... 179 
oreas, Geotrygon goldmani__ 172 
Oreopeleia __. ay 173 
Ortiz de la Puente, ‘Javier xi 
Oryzoborus crassirostris 

CTASSITOStris ~ on  s 123 

magnirostris ____ su 122, 124 
Maximilian; 123 
PUTCO a) et = 192, 123, 124 
Otocryptops melanostomus 155 
Otostigmus caraibicus —.. 155 
P 
Pachyramphus polychopterus 
cinereiventiis — 22 7 
polychopterus —_. 7 
Seritign ese ee x 7 
tristis: ba 7 
Paenacuceps, Pterocheilus 

(Micropterocheilus) 200 
Beige enna Te 165 

ramosissima _. 165 
palliditergum, Mecocerculus 

leGcophnys 229 20a sei 122 
pallidus, Zapus hudsonius__ ¥,,.2;,.35,4 
palustris, Sorex, 2 7) 3 
paraensis, Iodopleura 

ICD et | ce ne OR 6 
panamenus, Chondrodesmus. - 70 
paraquensis, Atlapetes 

personatus 2 se a 47 
Parascalops breweri _____. 66 
parui, Atlapetes personatus_ 46, 47 


parui, Diglossa duidae 
parui, Mecocerculus 
leupephirys: 
parva, Cryptotis parva __ 
parvus, Sorex: 2 2 
pauciflora, Stephanomeria __ 
pectinatus, Glomeridesmus... 
Pectiniunguis 
Peridontodesmus 
electus Be See! 
Peromyscus maniculatus —_ 
perrygoi, Cyclarhis 


gujanensis Se eve 
personatus, Atlapetes 
persouatus 9 sae 
phaeochroa, Dendrocincla 
RATIOS aaa) 
Phelps, William H., and 


Phelps, William H., Jr. 

Three New Subspecies of 
Birds from Venezuela 
Seven New Subspecies of 
Venezuelan Birds) =. 


Pirlo Se ee = 
ervthronotis, 22 
fulvescens: 222 
SUbitaliy iis) 

phoenicurus, Pseudattila 

Pagistrellas -7 2 


Phylloscopus affinis ______ 
maculipennis centralis — 
VATEIS ps 
subaffinis arcanus _._.__ 
subflavus obscurus 
subflavus 
Pipreola formosa dilutior___ 
formosa 
rubidior 
Pittier, Henry 
Platanus, Jomis 2. 
Plecotus rafinesquii 
poliotis, Actinodura 
TIN AlenSiS pee 
polyantha, Macrocarpaea 
polychopterus, Pachyram- 
phus polychopterus 
Portoricellus 
NUANCES Seg = hee 
portoricensis, Tridesmus __. 
Pottoricona, 2-2 
adiunta 
SCM pe se a 
Potter, Floyd E., Jr., Bur- 
ger, W. Leslie, and Potter, 
Floyd E 
Another Neotenic Eurycea 
from the Edwards Plateau 
Priodesmus __. 
Prothorax 
projectus, Symmorphus _ 
provancheri, Pterocheilus .— 
pruinosus, Pterocheilus ____ 
Pterocheilus provancheri 
prunifoliae, Rhopalosiphum ~ 
pselaphon, Pteropus —. 
Pseudattila phoenicurus 
Pseudomasaris zonalis 
albopictus 
marginalis 
Pterocheilus 
acuceps 
alborinetis, 22 = = 
cyathopus 
flavobalteatus 
inyoensis 
laticeps 
(Micropterocheilus) 


ease ee nee: 


215 


45, 46 
121, 122 


61, 62, 174 
47 
118, 119 


43-50 


115-126 
85, 87 


216 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


ACUCEPS) 22. 3s ee 195 
(Megapterocheilus) 
bradley i, 25st op so 195, 196 
(Micropterocheilus) 
paenacuceps _._. 200 
provancheri albotinc= 
tus . aii 199 
sparsipunctatus Sle la, 198 
MOrsoniy ese 195 
nhigricaudus: a 195 
(Onchoperocheilus) 
GER shee ee 197, 198 
Sculleniy == es 196, 197 
provanchenly) 2 199 
pruinosus __.. 199 
PIuinosus, es ees 199 
S@NeConis 2202 ee 199 
texans 7! eee a 196 
trachysonus 9 197, 198 
trichosaster 2. see 196 
pterophila, Eurycea _51, 52, BS. Bh bles SY 
Preropus. 0} eee 2 189 
anetianus aorensis ie pH. 189 , 
BOKENS IS Lee eR 189, 190 
leucotisn (28 220 ti WTS 189, 190 
obscurus —.. 190 
pSelaphoni ste Span r e 189 
Samoensis: 22 eel. 189 
v{ampyrus] lanensis —— 189 
puer, Cambarellus —__ 89 
punctulatus, Sorex palustris 67 
Ppyrrhops, Euscarthmornis 
SrANACENGIS) esse eee 120, 121 
R 
rafinesquei, Zapus hudsonius 19233 
rafinesquii, Corynorhinus 
MatiMe SGU yee seemnasee 113 
Pleco tus: ste IN: 113 
ramosissima, Pagaea __....._ 165 
ramosissimus, Helia _ 165 
Wistamthiich eee eg 165 
ramiformes, Hyla aurea ___ 134, 135 
rana, Megalaima zeylanica_ 101, 102 
raptor, Bassariscus astutus_ 203 
recentus, Iomus __.___ 149 
Rehder, H. A., elected Cor- 
responding Secretary x 
Rhextphloeus 22205 a il 
Rhinocricidae 2200 sn ages @ 69 
Rhinocricus approximans __. 69 
ALDOTEIG) aes akin ee! 150 
simulans) 22e sen ee eee "3 69 
Reithrodontomys __.... 167 
ehrySopis’ es ee BO 169 
fulvescens “225 2 oes, 167, 168 
helvoluss22223 167 
dithicilic 2. Sawa 168 
infernatis _.._._ 167 
toltecus”) 2 ees 168 
MUCTOR OTIS he ee eae 167, 170 
albilabrist 2 ale 169 
microdon’) 222232 169 
wagneri _—... 169 
Tufescens : (eee 169 
Rhacodesmus) 22 ae ee 185 
Rhopalosiphum prunifoliae __ 35, 36 
Rhytipterna simplex 
APEC eri Cit) Nave MCN a a 6 
intermedia 6 
simplex __. 6 
Pils; \A phigh 2 ee 100 
richardsoni, Tamiasciurus _. 14 
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus 14 
ridgwayi, Dendrocincla 
fuliginosa (2 2 ee 119 


Ripley, S. Dillon 
New Birds from Nepal and 


the Indian Region _____. 101-108 
riveroi, Ballophilus 157 
Glomeridesmus __.___ fod 147 
robusta, Shorea 103 
roraimae, Mecocerculus 
leucophrys)) oe ee BVA 122, 1128) 
ruandae, Varicorhinus ae 175 
rubi, Amphorophora _...__ 98, 100 
rubidior, Pipreola formosa.—. 6 
Rudbeckia montana —____. 100 
rudbeckiarum, Macrosiphum 100 
rufescens, Reithrodontomys_ 169 
rufimenta, Cinclosoma __.._.. 104 
rufo-olivacea, Dendrocincla 
RUTeaNO Sai) He eR 119 
rufogularis, Garrulax 
Mulosularisy, ee ae ee " 104 
Russells. Ralph) (222 eee xi 
Russell, Robert J., Jr. _.... bf x1 
SS) 
Saldidiaie ie i 177 
Saldula balnearum —_._... 179 
LSE Ona Te a a Te Bs 177, 180 
guamensis = 178, 179 
javanica Pes. ee 178, 179 
Opacila syst Sk Eset sd 179 
SCitula) ee 179, 180 
subsolans pels 177 
Ventralis bie se rien 180 
saltuarius, Crypturellus __ 171 
samoensis, Pteropus _..__. a 189 
Sanborn, Colin Campbell 
New Philippine Fruit Bats 189-190 
sanctae-martae, Asthenes 
WV a Eta See a a RAs 85 
Scalopus aquaticus aquaticus 65, 66 
brewer 12.000 Jee 2s 66 
Schendylota _—._...._ a 155 
Varipicta jones eee 155 
schmitti, Cambarellus —.._ 89, 92 
scitula, Saldula _._..___ 179, 180 
Sclerurus rufigularis 
furfdrosus) 2a ae ee 8&5 
Scott,” Frederic? Ros xi 
sculleni, Eumenes ——___. 78 
Pterocheilus (Onchopter- 
ocheilus)))\22)22 eee 196,_197 
seclusus, Lepus americanus_ 63, 64 
sectilis, Tridesmus ____...____ 149 
seneconis, Pterocheilus —__.. 199 
septentrionalis, Myotis 
A Foye as b eka a Uh a eet eee 111, 113 
Vespertilio gryphus var. 111 
setophagoides, Mecocerculus 
leucophty.s)) 22 ee 122 
Shorea robusta 103 
shorii, Dinopium —~..__ 102 
Dinopium shorii ——_ 102 
shufeldtii, Cambarellus _... 89, 92, 93 
sikkimensis, Garrulax 
Striatus, ees Wey lees 103 
similis, Pachyramphus 
polychopterus _.. 7 
Simmons, Edward A. —_.. x 
simplex, Rhytipterna _ 
simplex __ eo aes 6 
simulans, Rhinocricus —__ 69 
slevini, Cyclorana —_._____... 131 
Smith, Albert C. 
A botanist in Fiji —.. x 


Smith, Hobart M., Burger, 
: heslie and Potter, 
Floyd E., Jr. 


Another Neotenic Eurycea 
from the Edwards Plateau 
socia, Portoricona 
Sodalis; Myotis (2 ee 
Soiaenorhabdus 
contortus 
Sorex adtiaticus) 22. 
Garolinensis) 
cinereus cinereus a 
fontinalis 
Chistatus, ) eo ea 
USD type 
NOTHING oe 
PURTVO US Stee ees ee 
RUTHIE LISY My eee eS Dee 
longirostris) Seeks ee eed 
longirostris | — = 
palustris 
punctulatus 
parvus 
trowbrideit se 
sparsipunctatus, Pterochei-— 
lus (Micropterodheilus) 
Spirobolus (Rhinocricus) 
arboreus 
Stager, Kenneth EE 
A New Cacomistle from 
Southeastern California _. 
Stemmiulus compressus __. 
Stephanomeria pauciflora. __ 
Stickel, W. H., Member of 
(Crop bb coy he eae MAU Ui esa drs eee ea eee 
striatus, Garrulax striatus 
Strongylodesmus 
subflavescens, Cyclarhis 
gujanensis ____ Moles 
subflavus, Pipistrellus 
subflavus Sta AR aN re 
V[espertilio] 
Bhsly don 2 eee 
subsolans, Saldula —..___. 
subulatus leibii, Myotis... 
Suidasia insectorum _ 
medanensis 
MES iG bide ee 
swainsonii, Limnothlypis __ 
Limnothlysis swainsonii. 
Swift, L. W., Member of 
Council 
Symbolanthus 
Wiacranthus) 2 we 
Nenroides, 2-00 
Symmorphus projectus ___ 
Synallaxis wyatti 


Jk 


tahasa, Aphis __.._..___s a a 
talavera, Tamanka _._. 
amiascwinus: 2 
freminti ee 
hudsonicus 
dixiensis 22522 
richardsoni 
WeENLGRUt 2 eee 
wasatchensis _____. 
tanahasa, LAD TIG ee ee 
tanganicae, Varicorhinus __ 
Tanophilus __ Be 
tanynotus, Dolichodynerus 2 
tennesseensis, Ivesia 
texanus, Pterocheilus __ 
thamnoides, Macrocarpaea __ 
Thone;, Prank, 22202 2 
tigwatensa, Amphorophora.. 
timpanogos, Utamphara- 
phora 


Index 


203-204 


205, 207 


205, 206 
191, 192 


Todd, W. E. Clyde 
Critical Notes on the 
Cotingas’ — 2 alia aw ee 
Two Apparently New 
Oven-Birds from Colombia 
toltecus, Reithrodontomys 
fulvescens pe ae 
toronus, Algunguis - ee NY 2s 
Microspirobolus ______ 
tovarensis, Ochthoeca 
diadema ____ oe ER ERE eee 
Toxoptera viridi-rubra ___ 
Trachyphloeus 
trachysomus, 
trichogaster, 
tricinctus, 
verticalis Be aT niet Sa ae 
Tridesmus guilarteus 
portoricensis 
Sectilis 
trinidadensis, Glomerides- _ 
tts oie te Sat 
tristis, Pachyramphus 
polychopterus 
Trochilus beryllinus __. 
trowbridgii, Sorex __.. es 
turgiceps, Dolichodynerus _. 
tyrannus, Hoplothrips —. 


Pterocheilus _ 
Pterocheilus _ 
Eumenes 


eee 


U 


uaireni, Sr claptes 

souleyetii 
ulongae, Hyla BEC ale as 
ulongensis, Hyla aurea __. 
uncompahgrensis, Braggia __ 
undatus, Celeus undatus ___ 
urovaneta, Aphis 
Utamphorophora timpanogos 


V 
Waimosa) iiscta ee, sg 
ZeDrinUs 222! ee = 

valenciana, Certhiaxis 
cinnamoneas po ae 
valerii, Macrocarpaea ____. 
Van Clevei, Intonsagobins__ 
vandykei, Dolichodynerus __ 
Wanicorhinis 2 eee 
chapini se ee 
EUANGAG, hee eS one es 
tanganicae ___ Ss 
varipicta, Schendylota - SeLN 

ventorum, Tamiasciurus 

hudsonicus Gh EUSP, Bogda 


ventralis) “Saldiula | 2252) Se 
versicolor, Geotrygon 
Vespertilio 
borealis 
cinereus __ 
gryphus var. 
onalis 
hume»ralic, 222 es ee 
leibii 
luciiugus) 222. 
V{[espertilio], noctivagans— 
subflavus 
vibex, Garrulax striatus 
viola, Amazilia beryllina 
vinctura, Actinodura 
nipalensis Grd aa 
virens, Phylloscopus| 
maculiperinis ) Ls 
virginiana, Didelphis ues 
Didelphis virginiana — 
viridi-rubra,. Toxoptera —_ 


septentri- 


218 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 


W 

wagneri, Reithrodontomys 

AECTOUOMS 5, 415) Do tep lh ne : 169 
waldeni, Actinodura 105 
wasatchensis, Tamiasciurus 

hudsonicus) 2) eee 13 
Wendt, Lorina 

Report on observation of 

Snowy Owl near the In- 

terior Department building ix 
wernecki, Liponyssus —.. 32 

Neoichoronyssus _....... 33 

Wetmore, Alexander 

An Additional Form of 

Pepper-shrike from West- 

erneebanama yaa 61-62 

Additional Forms of Birds 

from the Republics of 

Panama and Colombia 171-174 
willetti, Bassariscus astutus 203 
winnemana, Microsorex 67 

Microsorex hoyi —........ 67 


Wreght, Stillman) 22223 x 
wyatti, Asthenes wyatti _ 85 
Synallaxts} 2-25 wine 86 
x 
Kylocopa: Wes 2b. Se wee 207 
VY, 


yumanensis, Bassariscus 
astutus 


zanalis, Pseudomasaris ...... 7 
Zapus hudsonius _.. ay ] 
campestris 2 
hudsonius —...__... Ay 
pallidus _....______._. 12S 
rafinesquei WBZ 
Zebrinus 
zebrinus, Vaimosa _....._.... 


a 


i ¥( 
j ie Coal 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES 
LIL, 
3 9088 01205 1892