ze 5 es i ite = \ wok es 3 r “eh [We ey “py Was. Jo5/ (_ 2» “e ¥ aes Hao ae iain font Sstlineroe” Sy Zs is wil as . se a parle % foi Ne m OSS NERS i Hy “y, a Bo & 4 Kereney “Eas Ban go 2” = Signa wh Te ae es roe : s&s ae ) oe Let iS Acer | NAS Se eld ee Aer Bera fa Se ie oat fee fee ba he aM eaten a ere va di Cana nu | of = Ls al WP “gl oO as Mi, ‘ angle wit D Saat ince SF Wer ie N tA ie aN Co a ar. Lb a i i. ¢ it i nar sl ba Rear! “a1 Yoon # e Ene Spee wage ice 3 ill i! ‘ ‘e) me Hu ! | i sith A i | ith all |= 574.9673 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Biological Society of Washington VOLUME 72 1959 WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS HERBERT FRIEDMANN, Chairman C.O. HANDLEY, JR. L. M. RUSSELL PUBLICATION NOTE By a change in the By-Laws of the Biological Society of Washington, effective March 27, 1926, the fiscal year now begins in May, and the officers will henceforth hold office May to May. This, however, will make no change in the volumes of the Proceedings, which will continue to coincide with the calendar year. In order to furnish desired infor- mation, the title page of the current volume and the list of newly elected officers and committees will hereafter be published soon after the annual election in May. All correspondence should be addressed to the Biological Society of Washington, % U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. MONUMENTAL PRINTING Co. BALTIMORE, MD. — Ee ran , oe ee / 4 ;—““€ ~ ; 7) | jo «, Vs f — et =a . ; —/ - } ae | a > TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 72 The scientific names of the species of Capuchin monkeys (Cebus Erxleben) by Philip Hershkovits Two new genera of South American rodents (Cricetinae) ers ererAnkOWitz a aE Description of the Apterous form of Cinara pinivora (W) TSTMS ioc SA le el a a A new species of Schizolachnus (Aphidae) by F. C. Hottes Two new subspecies of birds from western North America Panis) Durie Pl Se Description of a race of the shearwater Puffinus lherminieri from Panama by Alexander Wetmore... An elucidation of the neotropical genus Chinaia with a key to males and a new allied genus [ Homoptera: Cicadel- lidae: Neocoelidiinae] by James P. Kramer... A new subspecies of Veery from the northwestern United States by Thomas B. Burleigh and Allen J. Duvall A new spotted ground squirrel from Mexico by Donald F. ES SO Lede a A new erayfish of the genus Procambarus from Alabama (Decapoda, Astacidae) by Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. and Margaret Walton - A new species of South American brocket, genus “Mazama (Cervidae) by Philip Hershkovitz _.___ A new genus and two new species of. Leafhoppers from South America (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoeli- diinae) by James P. Kramer and Rauno Linnavuort.. A synopsis of the Ostracod (Crustacea) genus Cypriodop- sis with the deseription of a new species by Edward Ferguson, Jr. [wo new Troglodytic ‘millipeds from Texas by ‘Nell B. sn i i le al ee 4 second species of the milliped genus Trigenotyla (Chor- deumidea: Conotylidae: Trichopetalinae : Scoterpini) by Nell B. Causey - : ed of the Chilpancingo Region, Mexico by William B. Davis and James R. Dixon_. A new race of red brocket deer (Mazama americana) from Colombia by Philip Hershkovitz The type locality of Felis concolor concolor Linnaeus by Philip Hershkovitz Natural History of Plummers Island, Maryland. XII. ke Biological Note on Trypoxylon richardsi Sandhouse by Karl V. Krombein | A new star-nosed mole (Condylura) from the southeastern United States by John L. Paradiso A new species of toad, Bufo cataulaciceps, from ‘the Isla de Pinos and western Cuba by Albert Schwartz 55-58 59-68 69-74 75-78 79-92 93-96 97-100 . 101-102 . 103-108 109-120 (1) (ii) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Two new subspecies of birds from the San Luis Mountains of Venezuela and distributional notes by Wilham H. Phelps and Walliam EH. Phelps iia == =e Taxonomy and nomenclature of some pocket gophers from southeastern Arizona by Kenneth I. Lange... The Ostracod genus Potamocypris with the description of a new species by Edward Ferguson, Jr. —_---.----.---------. Three new subspecies of the lizard Leiocephalus macropus Cope from) Cuba by, Georce hi Zuc ee New records of Onomeris underwoodi Cook (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae) by Nell B. Causey_.______ A new race of nighthawk from the upper Magdalena Valley oie (COrolkovsnlonen lone eUolery Jal OW ere A new red-tailed hawk from Honduras by Harry C. Ober- OIS CW a... ee Se AL ed ee The genus Veloidea Gould (Hemiptera: Veliidae) by Carl J Drakesand Wavideiy. Wanicke. ss ee Two new subspecies of Peromyscus difficilis from Mexico by Donald F. Hoffmeister and Luis de la Torre The baculum in the wood rat Neotoma stephensi by Donald RY Hotimeister and dims de la Nore see A new Diplopod genus from Guatemala, closely related to Desmonus, and its effect on the validity of the families Desmonidae and Cyclodesmidae (Polydesmida: Sphae- riodesmidae) by Richard L. Hoffman _._... Four new mammals from the Northern Territory of Aus- tralia by David H. Johnson 121-126 127-132 133-138 139-150 151-154 155-158 159-160 161-166 167-170 Il 173-182 183-188 Contents (ili) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS A eae =. OSES, ee ake a page 12 PeeeeIarnmus TAnOSUs, Ni SP, .2 02 14 eee er cee 26 EES Ee SSR ES iets COLO ie te: SARe ee 28 PeeeennarUs 10W1st, Sp. NOV. 43 ee. 1. Bpe et ON Ne 47, 49, 50, 51, 52 Megacoelidia splendida, n. sp., and Megacoehdia auraniia, n. sp. —2- 2 _----___-_-__.._-- 56 mapinoperns canadensis, Nn. cp. 2 65 Cambala captiosa n. sp., and Mamadesmus, OICOTNOUTUS, N. Sp. —_-—-—--+_--__-.---- + -_.--- 70 ete DUG. H. Sp. ook 77 Vegetational map of the Chilpancingo Region = 80 Distribution map of Condylura cristata in the U. S. 105 Suemnoranracicens, 1, Sp. ELT Ake Potamocypris saskatchewanensis, n. sp..----------------------------------- 135 Leiocephalus m. hoplites, n. sp., and L. m. macropus_. 142 Leiocephalus m. hyacinthurus, n. sp., and Leiecephalus m. koopmami, n. sp. —--..---—--_------------- 143 errata 162, 163, 165 Bacula of various species of Neotoma __........--------. 172 Bueeratesvocionodus, ni sp. 175 Errata In the paper by Donald F. Hoffmeister and Luis de la Torre, Two New Subspecies of Peromyscus difficilis from Mexico, the last two lines on page 167 and the first line on 168 should be the fourth, fifth and sixth lines of paragraph 2, page 168. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PROCEEDINGS The two meetings during 1959 were held in Room 48 of the United States National Museum. 1027th Meeting — May 25, 1959 KIGHTIETH ANNUAL MEETING President Owens in the chair; 21 members present. The reports of the Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer, Committee on Publications, and Com- mitte on Communications were presented. The following officers and members of council were elect- ed: President, Howard B. Owens; Vice Presidents, D. H. Johnson, A. C. Smith, C. F. W. Muesebeck, and Allen J. Du- vall; Recording Secretary, S. F. Blake; Corresponding Sec- retary, John L. Paradiso; Treasurer, B. R. Feinstein; Mem- bers of Council, J. P. E. Morrison, V. 8. Schantz, L. M. Rus- sell, and C. O. Handley, Jr. The business meeting was followed by two papers, as fol- lows: Dr. R. J. Downs, of the Pioneering Laboratory in Plant Physiology, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, spoke on recent developments in the control of germination, growth, and flowering of plants by low intensity light. Dr. T. E. Hinton, of the Farm Electrification Research Laboratory, U.S. Dept. Agriculture, spoke on current research on various attrac- tants to economically important insects. 1028th Meeting — December 11, 1959 President Owens in the chair; 32 members present. New members elected: Walter C. Brown, R. E. Crabill, Jr., W: 7. Keeton, Jr, M. Smith, ™ J. Spillmany anderen Vible. Dr. Blake exhibited some lichens from the Near East which he thought might be connected with the “manna” of the Biblical story of the Exodus. Formal Communication: Dr. C. O. Handley, Jr., U. 8. National Museum: Experiences in collecting mammals in the Republic of Panama. (iv) OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON (FOR 1959-1960) (ELECTED MAY 25, 1959) OFFICERS President HOWARD B. OWENS Vice-Presidents (In the order of election) DAVID H. JOHNSON Cc. F. W. MUESEBECK A. C. SMITH ALLEN J. DUVALL Recording Secretary S. F. BLAKE Corresponding Secretary JOHN L. PARADISO Treasurer B. R. FEINSTEIN Custodian of Publications DAVID H. JOHNSON COUNCIL Elected Members C. O. HANDLEY, JR. L. M. RUSSELL J. P. E. MORRISON V. S. SCHANTZ HENRY W. SETZER Ex-Presidents J. W. ALDRICH H. C. OBERHOLSER PAUL BARTSCH HUGH T. O’NEIL H. G. DEIGNAN J. S. WADE HERBERT FRIEDMANN E. P. WALKER H. H. T. JACKSON A. WETMORE F. C. LINCOLN STANDING COMMITTEES—1959-1960 Committee on Communications H. A. BorTHWICK J. FRANCIS ALLEN JoHN H. FALES Committee on Zoological Nomenclature A. WETMORE, Chairman H. A. REHDER C. F. W. MursEBECK Committee on Publications HERBERT FRIEDMANN, .Chairman CHARLES O. HANDLEY, JR. L. M. RUSSELL — ——$—$ $$ — wd EX-PRESIDENTS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON *THEODORE N. GILL, 1881, 1882 *CHARLES A. WHITE, 1883, 1884 *G. BRowNn Goong, 1885, 1886 *WILLIAM H. DaHL, 1887, 1888 *LesTerR F. WARD, 1889, 1890 *C, Hart Merriam, 1891, 1892 *C@_ V. Rinny, 1893, 1894 *Gro. M. STERNBERG, 1895, 1896 *T,, O. Howarp, 1897, 1898 *PREDERICK V. CovILLE, 1899, 1900 *W, A. Lucas, 1901, 1902 *B. W. EvERMANN, 1903, 1904 *B. H. KNow ton, 1905, 1906 *L,, STEINEGER, 1907, 1908 *T S, PatmMerR, 1909, 1910 *Davip WHITE, 1911 *B, W. Newson, 1912, 1913 PauL BAaRTScH, 1914, 1915 Vi, IP. JelAxz, IG, UOIv7/ “a Ne eROSEARLOMS *HucH M. Smiru, 1919 *A.D. HopxKINs, 1920 SNe HOMmISmHR Oil *VERNON BAILEY, 1922 *A. 8S. Hitcucock, 1923 *J. W. GIDLEY, 1924 *S. A, ROWHRER, 1925 H. C. OBERHOLSER, 1926-1927 *. A. GOLDMAN, 1927-1929 ALEXANDER WETMORE, 1929-1931 Eee Le ACK SONE BOSE ae *C, EK. CHAMBLISS, 1933-1936 *H. C. FULLER, 1936-1938 *W. B. BELL, 1938-1940 E. P. WALKER, 1940-1942 *H. B. HumMpHREY, 1942-1944 *F, THONE, 1944-1946 J. S. WADE, 1946-1947 J. W. ALDRICH, 1947-1949 F. C. LINCOLN, 1949-1951 *W, A. Dayton, 1951-1955 H. G. DEIGNAN, 1953-1955 Hua T. O’NEIL, 1955-1956 HERBERT FRIEDMANN, 1957-1958 * Deceased. 4. Db13 Vol. 72, pp. 1-4 April 7, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF THE SPECIES OF CAPUCHIN MONKEYS (Cebus Erxleben). By Puitie HERSHKOVITZ Curator of Mammals, Chicago Natural History Museum The correct scientific name for each of the four recognized species of capuchin monkeys is (1) Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758, for the tufted (or crested) capuchin; (2) Cebus capucinus Linnaeus 1758, for the black white-fronted cap- uchin; (3) Cebus albifrons Humboldt, 1812, for the brown pale-fronted capuchin; (4) Cebus mgrivittatus Wagner, 1848, for the brown, dark-limbed capuchin with the small wedge- shaped cap. It appears that the first three names are now firmly established. The validity of the fourth, Cebus nigrwit- tatus, however, has been questioned in recent years, most lately by Hill (1958 :316). The first attempt to nullify the name nigrivittatus Wagner as em- ployed in my (1949) review of the genus Cebus, was made by Tate (1954:415). This authority argued that the name Cebus apella should have been used instead for the brown untufted capuchin with wedge- shaped cap. This identification was shown to be erroneous (Hershkovitz, 1955:449), and it is doubtful that anyone now seriously believes that Cebus apella is anything but the tufted species of Cebus. The next effort to invalidate the name Cebus nigrivittatus was made by Husson (1957). According to my esteemed colleague, the name had been secondarily homonymized with that of a squirrel monkey, Chrysothrixz nigrivittatus Wagner, by Pusch (1941:145), hence must be permanently suppressed. This concept of the status of secondary homonyms was dis- puted by me in 1949 (pp. 345, 368, 417-418) and again in 1958 (1958a: 54; 1958b:1242) and is repudiated in the as yet unpublished London (1958) draft of the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature. The latest pronouncement on the subject is by Hill (1958:318) who decided ‘‘that the scientific name of the Weeper Capuchin [i.e. Cebus nigrivittatus] should correctly be Cebus griseus F. Cuvier 1824 (1819) ’’ Judged by the framing of his reference Hill based his proposition solely on a misinterpretation of a condensed citation worded ‘‘sajou méle, Cuvier, 1824, livr. 12, pl., November 1819 (Cebus griseus F. Cuvier)’’ in my (1949:347-348) synoptic synonymy of Cebus nigrivittatus. In the Histoire Naturelle des Mammiféres by E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire and F. Cuvier (1818-1842) where the names in question first sPPEay, ar, the Bajou 1—Proc. Bior. Soc. Wasu., Vor. 72, 1959/ 2” q). ADD 99 40NrC f a Wines w j \ \ 2 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington méle is deseribed and figured in livraison 12 under its vernacular name only. The livraison was separately published and issued in 1819. It was then bound with 19 other livraisons to form the first of seven volumes and dated 1824. It is not until the end of volume 7, on page 2 of the | Table générale et méthodique de toutes les espéces figurées et décrites dans 1’ Histoire Naturelle des Mammifeéres, that the technical name Cebus griseus for the sajou mdle appears for the first time. The Table was separately issued some time after the publication of the final (67th) livraison in April 1833. Volume 7 itself is dated 1842, and this is the date taken for all technical names for animals described in the various livraisons under vernacular names only. It is also to be noted that the Table and all other indices of the Histoire Naturelle des Mammiféres were compiled and published by the son of Frédéric Cuvier after the death of his father in 1838. Thus, the first technical name based on the sajow male F. Cuvier, 1819, is Cebus griseus F. Cuvier, fils, 1842. As happens so often, the belated appearance of the Table permitted other authors to publish names which anticipated or preoccupied prac- tically all those proposed by F. Cuvier, fils. Thus Cebus griseus F. Cuvier, fils, 1842, for the sajou male, is invalidated by Cebus griseus Desmarest, 1820, based primarily on the sajouw gris of Buffon (1767). This last has been positively identified as a tufted capuchin equal to Cebus apella Linnaeus (ef. Hershkovitz, 1949:339, 340 and footnote 1). It is true that Desmarest referred the sajowu mdle of Cuvier to his Cebus griseus, but ““awec doute’’ (p. 82) and only as a ‘‘variété.’’ Under no consideration can Cuvier’s sajou male be treated as a type of Cebus griseus Desmarest. Another capuchin with a comparable history is described by F. Cuvier in livraison 51, published September 1825, under the heading sajou a pieds dorés, ou chrysope. At the end of the article, Cuvier suggests that ‘‘le nom chrysopes pourra servir a le désigner dans les catalogues métho- diques.’’ Nowhere in the text is the combination of chrysopes with a definite generic name either used or implied. The first valid name, i.e. binomial, for the chrysope is Cebus chrysopus, proposed by Lesson in 1827. F. Cuvier, fils used exactly the same technical name in the Table of 1842. Like his translation of chrysopes or pieds dorés, as ‘‘golden- handed,’’ I cannot follow Hill’s (1955:54) use of chrysopes [sic] as a technical name in combination with Cebus dated from Cuvier, 1825, or his reasons for the identification of a mounted specimen without data in the Royal Scottish Museum, with the sajow a pieds dorés of F. Cuvier. All evidence, viewed in the light of taxonomic principles and rules of nomenclature, requires that the name for the dark brown wuntufted capuchin with the small triangular or wedge-shaped cap remain Cebus nigrivittatus Wagner, 1848. Literature Cited Cuvier, Frédéric 1819 Le sajou méle. Livraison 12, plate and text (2 pp.); in E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, 1818-1842, Histoire natu- relle des mammiféres, avec des figures originales, coloriées, dessinées d’aprés des animaus vivans. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris. 1825 Sajou a pieds dorés, ow chrysope. Livraison 51, plate and text (2 pp.); in E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, 1818-1842, Histoire naturelle des mammiféres.... Scientifis Names of Species of Capuchin Monkeys 3 Cuvier, jils, Frédéric 1842 Table générale et méthodique de toutes les espéces figurées et décrites dans d’histoire naturelle des mammiféres; in E, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, 1818-1842, Histoire naturelle des mammiféres. ... Desmarest, A. G. 1820 Mammalogie..., Paris, pt. 1, vii + 276. Hershkovitz, P. 1949 Mammals of northern Colombia. Preliminary report no. 4: Monkeys (Primates), with taxonomic revisions of some forms. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 98:323-427, figs. 52-59, pls. 15-17. 1955 Notes on American monkeys of the genus Cebus. Journ. Mam- mal., 36:449-452. 1958a Type localities and nomenclatures of some American Primates, with remarks on secondary homonyms. Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash- ington, 71:53-56. 1958b The status of secondary homonyms and the concept of permanent rejection. Bull. Zool. Nomenel., 15:1242-1243. Hill, W. C. Osman 1955 Primates in the Royal Scottish Museum. Part 2, Platyrrhini. Proce. Roy. Phys. Soe. Edinburgh, 24, (3) :49-62, 2 figs., 4 pls. 1958 The correct scientific name of the weeper capuchin. Proe. Zool. Soe. London, 131, (2) :316-318. Husson, A. M. 1957 Notes on the Primates of Suriname. Studies of the Fauna of Suriname and other Guayanas, 1, (2) :1-40, pls. 1-8. Lesson, R.-P. 1827 Manuel de mammalogie ..., Paris, xv + 442 pp. Pusch, B. 1941 Die Arten der Gattung Cebus. Zeitschr. Sauget., 16:183-237, 1 pl., 4 maps. Tate, G. H. H. 1954 On Cebus apella (Linnaeus) with a note on Cebus capucinus (Linnaeus). Jour. Mammal., 35:415-418. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION APR 7 1956 4 Proceedings of the Biologial Society of Washington Vol. 72, pp. 5-10 April 7, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW GENERA OF SOUTH AMERICAN RODENTS (CRICETINAE) By Puriir HERSHKOVITZ Curator, Division of Mammals Descriptions of the following genera are based on specimens preserved in the British Museum (Natural History) and in the Chicago Natural History Museum. Thanks are expressed to the authorities of the British Mu- seum for permission to study the collection of mammals in their charge and for the many courtesies shown me. Examination of material in the British Museum was made possible by a grant from the National Science Foundation. WIEDOMYS (new genus) Type species—Mus pyrrhorhinos Wied-Neuwied. Characters —A small, scansorial, red-nosed, red-eared, red-rumped mouse; tail about two-thirds total length, fifth hind toe nearly as long as fourth, claws short and recurved; skull with unexpanded zygomatic arches, non projecting anterior zygomatic plate, divergent sided and ridged supra-orbital region well developed interparietal, greatly in- flated bullae, long incisive foramina, long and wide bony palate; incisors unspecialized, molars bunobrachyodont, with mesoloph obsolescent. meso- lophid absent, anterior median fold well defined in upper and lower first molars. Remarks.—This monotypic genus is named in honor of Prince Maxi- milian zu Wied-Neuwied, the discoverer of the type species and one of the great naturalist-travelers of the nineteenth century. The following description of Wiedomys and comparisons with other forms are made in terms of its type and only known species. For ex- planations of cranial and dental terms, see Hershkovitz (1959, Fieldiana, in press), Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos Wied-Neuwied Mus pyrrhorhinos Wied-Neuwied, 1821, Reise nach Brasilien, 2:177 footnote). Schinz, 1821, Cuvier Das Thierreich. 1:228—BRAZIL: Bahjfa. Mus pyrrhorhinus [sic], Wied-Neuwied, 1823, Abbild. Naturg. Brasil., Lief. 3, pl. 2 (animal). Lund, 1841, Afh. Vid. Danske Selsk. Nat. Math., 8:276—BRAZIL: Lagéa Santa, Minas Gerais. Lesson, 1842, Nouv. Tabl., Reg. Anim., p. 142. Goodwin, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 102:300—type history. —_—_—_— 2—Proc. Biot. Soc. WAsH., VOL. 72, AD 50. | 1S 4 Ay oS) \f Ss ei J 6 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington M[us] pyrrhorhinus [sic], Wied-Neuwied, 1826, Beitr. Naturg. Brasil., 2:418—BRAZIL: Bahia; characters. Hesperomys pyrrhorhinus [sic], Burmeister, 1854, Syst. Uebers. Thiere Brasil., 1:172—BRAZIL: Sertong von Bahia. Thomas, 1886, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), 18:421—part, regarded as referrable to Oryzomys. [?] Oryzomys pyrrhorhinus [sic], Bertoni, 1914, Deser. Fis. Econ. Paraguay, p. 73—PARAGUAY: Sina, Trinidad. Oryzomys pyrrhorhinus [sic], Thomas, 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10), 1:155—BRAZIL: distribution (Ceara to Minas Gerais) ; characters; comparisons. Ellerman, 1941, Families and genera of living rodents, 2:341, 342, 345, 349—characters; comparisons; relationships. Orizomys [sic] pyrrhorhinus [sic], Moojen, 1943, Bol. Mus. Nace., Rio de Janeiro, Zool., no. 5:11—BRAZIL: Pocao, Pernambuco; Ceari; Monte Alegre; habits. [Rhipidomys] pyrrhorhinus [sic], Tate, 1932, Novit. Amer. Mus., no. 581:4, 5, 6, 19—taxonomic history. [Oecomys] pyrrhorhinus [sic], Osgood, 1933, Journ. Mammal., 14:370 BRAZIL: Ibiapaba, Piauhy; Lamarao. Bahia; characters; taxo- nomic history. Thomasomys pyrrhorhinus, Moojen, 1952, Os roedores do Brasil, p. 61—BRAZIL: CearA; Pernambuco; Paraiba do Norte; Barreira, Bahia; Minas Gerais; northern Mato Grosso; Parana; Rio Grande do Sul; breeding and nesting. Thomasomys pyrrhorhinus [sic], Vieira, 1955, Arq. Zool., Sao Paulo, $ :413—listed. Type.—Female, skin only (tail missing), mounted, American Museum of Natural History, no. 574; collected by Prince Maximilian zu Wied- Neuwied and acquired with the Maximilian collection. Type locality—‘‘Riacho da Ressaque,’’ i.e., Rio Ressaro, a small tributary of the Guaviao (which flows into the Rio Contas), southern Bahia, eastern Brazil. Distribution.—Eastern Brazil, from the States of Piauhy and Ceara south into Rio Grande do Sul, west into Minas Gerais and, possibly, Mato Grosso and Paraguay. External characters.—Size small, about equal to Oryzomys bicolor but head and tail proportionately longer; pelage long, loose, coarse; back mixed buffy and brown; sides buffy; nose, eye ring, preauricular tufts, inner and outer sides of ears, outer sides of fore and hind limbs, and rump bright reddish-orange in marked contrast with pale coloration of remainder of body; underparts sharply defined white; tail averaging two-thirds total length of animal, the fine scales not hidden by the hair, gray-brown above, somewhat paler beneath, pencil absent; hind feet buffy above, claws short, recurved and hidden by digital tufts; fifth hind toe, less claw, reaching end of second phalanx of fourth, first hind toe less claw, extending a short distance beyond base of second digit; plantar surface of heel hirsute, sole with six tubercles, the four postdigital tubercles enlarged; mammae, 1-2 = 6 (fide Wied-Neuwied). Color of young like that of adult but with paler reddish-orange markings. Cranial characters.—Sides of supraorbital region weakly ridged and Two New Genera of South American Rodents 7 divergent posteriorward; mid-transverse width of paired frontals more than greatest width of rostrum; nasals relatively short, not markedly tapered behind, the proximal tips rounded or truncate and approximately in line with fronto-maxillary sutures; anterior zygomatic plate more or less vertical in position and hardly visible when skull is viewed from directly above; antorbital foramen only slightly excised on dorsal sur- face; fronto-parietal suture crescentic; braincase moderately inflated, not vaulted; interparietal large; hamular process of squamosal long, slender and clearly defined by large temporal vacuities; incisive foramina well open and extending behind to plane between procingulum and protocone of first molar; palate between first molars slightly wider than alveolar length of m!; posterolateral border of palatine extending well behind third molar and marked by one or two pits; mid-posterior palatal border sub-concave or V-shaped, the notch extending quite or slightly anteriad to posterior plane of third molars; width of meso- pterygoid fossa at base of hamular processes less than width of para- pterygoid fossa measured at same plane; paired hamular processes of pterygyoids parallel-sided; sphenopalatine vacuities large; bullae greatly inflated, depth of either bulla three times or more distance between both bullae measured along basioccipital suture; length of bulla, less tube, subequal to length of incisive foramina and greater than alveolar length of molar row; coronoid process short; capsule encasing posterior tip of lower incisor forming a ridge but not projecting as a blunt spinous process. Dental characters.—Upper incisors opisthodont, ungrooved; molar rows parallel-sided; upper molars bunobrachyodont, the inner and outer cusps of equal height, crowns of lower molars bilevel, i.e., inner cusps 1 crested, outer lower, but not plane; anteromedian fold of m— well de- fined, procingulum of upper with two fully developed conules, the inner about one-half size of outer, procingulum of lower first molar with subequal conules; major fold widely trenchant, with enterostyle (id) present in first and second molars, an enteroloph (ectolophid) present in first molars; first minor folds present in all molars; second secondary folds absent in all but newly erupted m 1-2; mesoloph low and obsoles- cent, mesostyle present and fused with paralophule; mesolophid absent, mesostylid and/or entolophid present. Systematic position and comparisons.—Obsolescence or absence of the mesolophostyle (id) separates Wiedomys from all oryzomyine and true peromyscine (including Rhipidomys and Thomasomys) rodents. The narrow mesopterygoid fossa, long wide palate with posterolateral pala- tine pits, well developed interparietal, simplified molar enamel pattern and special details of external structure place Wiedomys near such phyllotine genera as Calomys (=Hesperomys) and Eligmodontia. Wied’s red-nosed mouse, however, is separated from all phyllotines by its color pattern, slight dorsal excision of the antorbital foramen and somewhat less specialized molars. It differs from the specialized vole-like and shrew-like mice composing the Akodon-group by color pattern, long tail, short, recurved claws, short rostrum, greatly inflated bullae, ridged supraorbital edges, fully developed interparietal and other characters of lesser note. Externally, Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos is remarkably similar to the pos- SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION APR 19° 8 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington sibly sympatric Thomasomys oenax and has been confused with it (Thomas, 1886, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [5], 18:421). The latter is much larger with underparts not well defined from sides, the basal portions of the hairs dark gray, plantar surface of heel bare, supraorbital region parallel-sided and square, not ridged. Also, a functional mesolophostyle (id) is present in all species of Thomasomys. Wied’s red-nosed mouse has also been treated as a Rhipidomys and as an Oecomys, a subgenus of Oryzomys. Resemblances between these small arboreal cricetines are parallelisms common to many climbing, tree nesting rodents, irrespective of ancestry. Ellerman (1941, Families and genera of living rodents, 2: 342, 349) classified pyrrhorhinos as a ‘‘species group’’ of Oryzomys. He pointed out, however, that the mouse was unlike any Oryzomys he had seen and that in a final revision it ‘‘ will prove to be the type of a very distinct group or probably subgenus.’’ Habitat and habits—The red-nosed mouse is an inhabitant of the scrub forests or caatingas of northeastern Brazil. Wied-Neuwied saw the animal, a female with five young, in an abandoned nest of a thorn bird, Anabates rufifrons. The nest of this bird, which may be from three to six feet long, is made of dry intertwined branches and attached to lianas. Moojen (1943, Bol. Mus. Nac., Zool., 1:11; 1952, Os roedores do Brasil, p. 62) also reports finding the mouse in old bird nests, including termite cartons previously excavated and occupied by parrots. In one such, A. L. Carvalho (in Moojen) counted 8 adults and 13 young of different sizes. Moojen adds that the mouse makes its own nest too, in stone walls, hollow trunks of trees, canopies of thick shrubs and low palms. Dry leaves, grass or cotton fibers are used in the construction. Up to six young, usually five, are produced in a litter. The mouse was observed to be an agile climber. According. to Moojen, it is called rato- de-fava (bean rat) in Pernambuco, rato-de-palmatorioe (palmatory rat) in Paraiba. Wied-Neuwied used the name catinga-mouse for the one he described from Bahia. Measurements (in millimeters)—Of two adults, one from Lamarao, Bahja, the other from Ladeira Grande, Cear4: Head and body, 105, 100; tail, 160, 193; hind foot, dry (with claw), 25, 26; ear, from notch, 18, 20; greatest length of skull, 30.0, 29.7; zygomatic breadth, 14.4, 15.1; interorbital constriction, 4.7, 4.6; midfrontal breadth, 6.4, 6.0; greatest width of rostrum, 5.2, 5.2; nasals, 11.0, 10.4; braincase, 13.0, 12.8; interparietal, 4.0 10.4, 3.8 & 9.3; incisive foramina, 6.8, 6.6; diastema, 7.0, 7.1; width of zygomatic plate, 2.5, 2.5; length (less tube) and depth of bullae, 6.3 & 5.4, 6.4 & 5.3; alveolar length of molar row, 4.7, 4.7. Comparable measurements of the type, from the original de- scription: Head and body, 117; tail, 202. Specimens examined.—Three. Lamarado, Bahia, 1 (British Museum [Natural History]); Ladeira Grande, CearA, 1 (British Museum [Nat- ural History]); Ibiapaba, 1, juvenal (Chicago Natural History Mu- seum ). PSEUDORYZOMYS (new genus) Type species.—Oryzomys wavrini Thomas (1921, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. {9}, 72177). Characters.—The type and only known species of the genus resembles Oryzomys palustris in size, external appearance and, very probably, in habits. Cranial and dental characters of wavrini, however, prove it to be Two New Genera of South American Rodents 9 more nearly related to Phyllotis than to any oryzomyine. A monograph of the phyllotine rodents, including a fully documented account of the characters and systematic position of Pseudoryzomys will appear in a forthcoming number of Fieldiana. Remarks.—In addition to the type of Pseudoryzomys wavrini from Jesematathla, Chaco Boreal, Paraguay, there is another specimen in the British Museum from Misién, Chaco Boreal, and a third, in the Chicago Natural History Museum, from Tacaagle, Rid Portefio, Formosa, Argen- tina. A Note on Rhipidomys macconelli de Winton. In comparing Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos (see above) with species of Rhipidomys and Thomasomys in the British Museum, it was found that the Mt. Roraima specimen originally described as Rhipidomys macconelli by de Winton (1900, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, [2], 8:52) is correctly allocated to genus. It is a member of the Rhipidomys latimanus group and most nearly related to R. fulviventer. For no apparent reason, R. macconelli was transferred to Thomasomys by Thomas (1917, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [8], 20:195) where it has been kept by all subsequent compilers. 10 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Vol. 72, pp. 11-12 April 7, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF THE APTEROUS FORM OF CINARA PINIVORA (W) F. C. Hortres In 1919 Wilson described Cinara pinivora from alate vivi- parous females taken in New York. H. EH. Milliron in 1957 took apterous viviparous females of this species which have been made available to me for description by the United States National Museum. Cinara pinivora (Wilson) Apterous viviparous female, Size and general color.—Length from vertex to end of anal plate varying from 2.55 — 3.37 mm. Color of living specimens not recorded, as represented by cleared mounted specimens as follows: head and prothorax brown, dorsum of meso and metathorax with large pigmented areas, the area on the metathorax more or less divided in the middle. First antennal segment concolorous with head, second antennal segment not nearly so dark. Third fourth and fifth antennal segments pale with apical portions pale brownish, the brown being more extensive on the fifth. Sixth antenna) segment brown. All femora pale on basal halves, shading to brownish at apex the brown being more extensive on the femora of the metathoracie legs. Tibiae brown near base, this followed by an extensive pale dusky region, which shades into brown about the middle, the pale area is more extensive on the pro and mesothoracic tibiae. All tarsal segments brown. Mid dorsal region of abdomen with two rows of irregular margined pigmented spots, arranged on a pale base, which has in addition a few small irregular pigmented spots, not in rows. Cornicles same color as pigmented areas in dorsum, cauda and anal plate only slightly darker. Head and thorax.—Length of antennal segments as follows: III .49 — 51 mm., IV .18 mm., V .225 — .24 mm., VI .10 + .04 mm. Hair on antennal segments sparse, more numerous on anterior margin, varying in length on posterior margin from .045 — .06 mm. length on anterior margin .09 mm. Hair on antennal segments set at angle slightly more than forty five degrees, distinctly spinelike on anterior margin, finer on posterior margin. Pigmented regions on the fourth and fifth antennal segments very indistinctly imbricated. Sixth segment distinctly im- bricated. Third antennal segment with from zero to one secondary sensoria, primary sensorium on this segment present or absent, when present small. Fourth antennal with only primary sensorium, fifth anten- nal segment with one secondary and primary sensoria. Marginal sensoria 3—Proc. BIOL. ASHS—VOL, 72, 1959 (11) = , - Art ." } » 4 ; teas j ff SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION APR 7 = 108° rn ~~ \\ \ 12 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Cinara pinivora (W) extending by about one sensorium in either direction beyond primary. Width of head through the eyes .67 mm. Ocular tubercles small. Hairs on first and second antennal segments few, apparently arranged in two incomplete rows, on each segment. Hair on vertex and dorsum of head quite similar to hairs on anterior margin of third antennal segment, or slightly shorter. Hairs on dorsum of head failing to reach posterior margin of head, and not present directly adjacent to eyes. Median transverse suture of head brownish, rather narrow. Rostrum reaching mid region of cornicles. Hairs on dorsum of prothorax grouped into two transverse rows. Lengths of prothoracic femora and tibiae as follows: 750 — .90 mm., 1.03 — 1.20 mm. similar lengths for the metathoracic legs are 1.20 — 1.29, 195 — 2.22 mm. Hairs on anterior margin of metathoracie femora distinetly more spinelike than elsewhere, fewer and more upstanding towards base, almost procumbent near apex on anterior margin. Hairs on metathoracic tibiae, on the whole more numer- ous, shorter and less spinelike on the inner margin than on the outer. Hairs on outer margin of metathoracic tibiae about as long as width of tibiae or only very slightly shorter. Ventral surface of first metatarsal segment with about twelve hairs. Hairs on second metatarsal segment more numerous and longer on the dorsal region than on the ventral surface. Abdomen.—Dorsum of abdomen except for pigmented areas reticulated. Hairs on dorsum of abdomen not numerous, some hairs arising from pigmented spots other than the large pigmented areas, for the most part these spots are lateral to the dorsal spots. For the most part the hairs on the dorsum are spaced farther apart than their length. Hairs on the ventral surface of the abdomen far more numerous and shorter than those on the dorsum. Cornicles with base measuring about .45mm. Outer margin of cornicles slightly irregular. Hairs on cornicles few, hardly more numerous on constricted region than elsewhere. In shape the cor- nicles are rather flat. Transverse pigmented areas anterior to cauda toothed on inner and outer margins, provided with a single row of hairs, the setulae on these areas are but poorly developed, they being much better developed on pigmented areas directly anterior, if such are present. Cauda and anal plate with dark setulae. Genital plate rather narrow, rounded anteriorly and deeply excavated on the posterior, provided with numerous hairs which cover most of surface. Morphotype apterous viviparous female deposited in the United States National Museum. Redden State Forest, Del. Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) May 1, 1957. Collected by H. E. Milliron on main branches. PLD 3 April 22, 1959 Vol. 72, pp. 13-14 —Meyp 4 -+908 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF SCHIZOLACHNUS (Aphidae) F. C. Horrrs Miss Louise M. Russell of the United States National Mu- seum sent me the material taken by H. E. Milliron from which this new species is described. I express my appreciation to both of them. Schizolachnus lanosus n. sp. Apterous viviparous female, Size and general color.—Length from vertex to end of cauda about 1.62 mm. Color in life not recorded, but specimens, described as being floceulent, as represented by cleared mounted specimens as follows: head with vertex and median portion of dorsum pale brownish, lateral portions and posterior margin of head pale. First and second antennal segments pale brownish. Third and fourth antennal segments pale with apical areas tinged slightly darker. Fifth and sixth antennal segments uniform pale brownish. Pro and mesothoracic femora with extreme base pale, remainder a uniform brown. Metathoracic femora with pale area near base longer than pale area on anterior femora, remainder of segments brownish. Pro and mesothoracic tibiae pale brownish with proximal and distal regions tinged darker. Metathoracic tibiae a uniform pale brown- ish. Tarsal segments similar to ends of tibiae. Dorsum of abdomen with- out pigmented areas. Cornicles pale brownish. Head and thorax.—Lenth of antennal segments as follows: III .28 — .285 mm., IV .16 — .165 mm., V .165 — 18 mm., VI .11 + .03 mm. The only sensoria present are the primary on the fifth and sixth segments, these have wide rims. Marginal sensoria on sixth segment absent. Sixth antennal segment very, very faintly imbricated. Hair on antennal segments few, on third antennal segment longer and more upstanding on anterior margin, on this margin the hairs vary in length from .09 — .12 mm. Hairs on dorsum of head few, about .12 mm. in length, limited to mid dorsal region, not reaching vicinity of eyes or posterior margin. Hairs on first antennal segment shorter than hairs on second antennal segment. Rostrum reaching mid region of mesothoracic ecoxae. Lengths of prothoracic femora and tibiae .375 and .465 mm. Lengths of metathoracic femora and tibiae .69 and .98 mm. Lengths of metatarsal segments .07 and .25 mm. Hairs on femora not numerous. upstanding, on metathoracic femora reaching a length of .15 mm. on this segment the hairs are slightly more numerous on the anterior margin, Hairs on metathoracic tibiae not numerous, fine, upstanding, slightly more upstanding on outer margin, where they vary in length from .14 — 4—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasn., Vou. 72, 1959 (13) Aba? 14 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Schizolachnus lanosus .18 mm. Ventral surface of first metatarsal segment with about five short hairs near the apex. Hairs on dorsum of second metatarsal segment very few, very long and fine. Hairs on ventral surface of second metatarsal segment much shorter than the hairs on the dorsum. Abdomen.—Hairs on dorsum of abdomen sparse, fine, about .12 mm. in length, more numerous on ventral surface, but shorter, finer and more variable in length on this surface. Cornicles shallow cones, with the base measuring about .10 mm. Hairs on cornicles fine, short and few in num- ber. Cauda and anal plate with surfaces very finely setulose. Hairs limited to posterior margins, few in number. Cauda almost as long as wide at the base. Genital plate small in size, in shape a broad oval, provided with few hairs at the ends. This species keys, but not without question to Schizolachnus pineti (F) in my key to species, Proceedings Biological Society of Washington 1956. The hind tibiae are not thick, the tarsal segments are not of the same length, the hairs on the antennae, femora and tibiae far too few. Holotype, apterous viviparous female, deposited in the United States National Museum. Taken on the needles of Pinus virginiana Petersburg, Del. July 3, 1957 by H. E. Milliron. ee 4, De Vol. 72, pp. 15-18 April 22, 1959 , PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW SUBSPECIES OF BIRDS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA By Tuomas D. BURLEIGH In the course of studying collections taken in connection with the investigation of birds in the Northwest it became apparent that two resident species, the Chestnut-backed Chickadee and the Winter Wren, represented distinct and undescribed races. These are as follows: Parus rufescens caliginosus new subspecies Characters.—Similar to Parus rufescens rufescens but darker; pileum and hindneck clove brown rather than sepia brown, back, seapulars and rump dark chestnut; sides and flanks likewise dark chestnut; chin, throat, and upper part of chest so dark brown as to be almost black, and lacking the reddish tinge characteristic of rufescens, There is no appreciable size difference. Measurements.—Adult male — wing 60-64.5(62.3); tail 47.5-52(50) ; exposed culmen 8-10(9). Adult female — wing 54.5-59(57.3); tail 44-48 (46); exposed culmen 7.5-10(8.8). Type.—Adult male No. 394631, United States National Museum (Fish and Wildlife Service collection), 20 miles northeast of Moscow, Latah County, Idaho, June 14, 1947; David W. Johnston, original number 134. Distribution.—Resident in southern British Columbia, east of the coast ranges, northern Washington, east of the Cascades, northern Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and western Montana west of the Continental Divide. Remarks.—In worn breeding plumage, both rufescens and caliginosus are noticeably lighter in the color of both the upper parts, and the throat and chest, than in fresh plumage, but regardless of season caliginosus can be distinguished by its darker coloration. Specimens of Parus rufescens caliginosus examined.—Total number 23, from the following localities: Idaho: Latah County, Moscow, Novem- ber 11, 1947, female adult; Moscow, 20 miles northeast, June 11, 1947, female adult; June 14, 1947, 2 male adult; June 17, 1947, male im- mature; Harvard, July 8, 1947, male immature; East Fork Meadow Creek, June 24, 1947, female immature; Deary, May 14, 1948, male adult; December 13, 1951, 2 male adult; February 19, 1953, 2 female adult; Nez Peree County, Lewiston, December 21, 1952, female adult; February 13, 1953, female adult; March 4, 1953, male adult; March 16, 1953, male adult; Clearwater County, Headquarters, February 28, 1952, 2 female adult; March 18, 1956, male adult. Washington: Bump- ing Lake, September 1, 1917, adult female; Blue Mts. (21 miles south- 5—Proc. Biot. Soc. WaAsH., Vou. 72, 1959 16 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington east of Dayton), June 12, 1919, adult male. Montana: Columbia Falls, February 18, 1893, adult male; March 6, 1896, adult male. Troglodytes troglodytes salebrosus new subspecies Characters.—Similar to Troglodytes troglodytes pacificus but decidedly darker, both above and below. Upper parts chocolate brown rather than reddish brown (light russet) as in pacificus. Throat, chest, and flanks of under parts dull brown in contrast to light brown of pacificus. The barring of the back, characteristic of the other races, especially those in the eastern part of the range of this species, obscure or totally lacking. There is no appreciable size difference. Measurements.—Adult male — wing 44.5-50(47.3); tail 28-33(30.5) ; exposed culmen 10-12(11). Adult female — wing 42-48(45); tail 27-30.5 (28.2); exposed culmen 10-12(11). Type.—Adult male No. 465530, United States National Museum (Fish and Wildlife Service collection): Dismal Lake, Shoshone County, Idaho, June 21, 1951. Thomas D. Burleigh, original number 17217. Distribution.—Breeds in southern British Columbia, east of the coast ranges, southwestern Alberta, northern Washington east of the Cascades, northern Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and western Montana west of the Continental Divide. Winters at lower altitudes at the southern edge of its breeding range, and casually farther south. Remarks.—Treglodytes troglodytes salebrosus is the least rufescent of the present recognized races. This character is evident not only in adults, but in juvenal specimens taken during the summer months prior to the post juvenal moult. Immature specimens of pacificus taken after the post juvenal moult, are noticeably darker than breeding specimens and in their appearance suggest salebrosus, but their rufescent upper parts readily distinguish them from this new race. In this connection it is worth noting that what might be interpreted as color phases in pacificus are actually age differences. Birds perceptibly darker than typical breeding individuals proved, where fall specimens were con- cerned, to have the thin almost transparent skull characteristic of young birds, and consequently were young of the year. This color difference would appear to remain unchanged until the first post nuptial moult, when the characteristic rufescent plumage of pacificus is acquired. Fe- males taken at Tillamook, Tillamook County, Oregon, on March 18, 1954, and at Quinault, Grays Harbor County, Washington, on March 22, 1954, are indistinguishable in their dark coloration from specimens in this plumage taken in this coastal region in the fall. Specimens of Troglodytes troglodytes salebrosus examined.—Total number 39, from the following localities: Idaho: Latah County, Moscow, October 6, 1948, male adult; October 27, 1950, male adult; October 25, 1951, female adult; March 26, 1952, male adult; September 29, 1952, male adult; October 19, 1953, female adult; April 10, 1954, male adult; April 17, 1954, female adult; October 4, 1954, male adult; May 2, 1955, female adult; October 13, 1955, female adult; September 7, 1956, fe- male immature; March 7, 1957, male adult; November 2, 1957, male adult; Deary, May 7, 1948, male and female adult; November 13, 1948, male adult; December 13, 1951, male and female adult; Harvard, June 30, 1953, male juvenile; Clearwater County, Headquarters, June 14, 1951, male adult; October 27, 1951, male adult; November 11, 1951, male adult; November 7, 1952, female adult; April 21, 1953, female Two New Subspecies of Birds 17 adult; Shoshone County, Avery, June 20, 1951, male adult; Dismal Lake, June 21, 1951, male adult; Bonner County, Hope, June 13, 1903, female juvenile; Priest Lake, October 2, 1897, male adult; Sandpoint, November 26, 1948, female adult; Boundary County, Bonner’s Ferry, November 23, 1948, female adult. Washington: Grays Harbor County, Aberdeen, January 26, 1957, female adult. Oregon: Strawberry Mts., Grant County, July 14, 1915, male adult. Montana: Java, June 19, 1895, male adult; Gird Creek Canyon, Ravalli County, October 24, 1945, female adult. Nevada: Cottonwood Range, September 19, 1896, female adult; Truckee Reservation, December 25, 1867. Wyoming: Teton Pass, September 15, 1910, female immature; Moose Creek, Teton Mts., August 27, 1910, male immature. British Columbia, Moose Pass, July 29, 1911, male adult. = Ss pes i=) = =e : = eS, S - sy pes 2 S os) a) — 3 S ‘> on) S sS Ss ‘Ss RQ iS) a _ — Ss ~“ i= aS S iS) ics) S S a AY ie.6) v1 Vol. 72, pp. 19-22 April 22, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF A RACE OF THE SHEARWATER PUFFINUS LHERMINIERI FROM PANAMA By ALEXANDER WETMORE Shearwaters of this species have been noted as seen oc- easionally in the southern part of the Caribbean Sea, but there has been little reported concerning them. The only specimen on record for the area is one obtained by Enrico Festa in May 1895, when on board ship 300 miles from Colon. The typical race, Puffinus lherminiert lhermimeri breeds on Bermuda, in the Bahama Islands, on Mona Island west of Puerto Rico, on Little Saba Island (near St. Thomas), Ginger Island (near Tortola), on numerous islets in the Lesser Antil- les between St. Martin and Barbados, and on islets off Tobago. The race described herewith is from a hitherto unrecorded population that nests on an island off the coast of northwestern Panama on the southern shore of the Caribbean, 1200 miles or more distant from any of its relatives. Puffinus lherminieri loyemilleri subsp. nov. Characters.—Similar to Puffinus lherminieri lherminieri Lesson! but smaller. Description.—Type, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 468691, Male, Tiger Rock, Tiger Cays, off Cabo Valiente, Valiente Peninsula, Bocas del Toro, Panama, collected February 25, 1958, by A. Wetmore (original number 22182). Upper surface from crown to tail, except as indicated, between dark Quaker drab and sooty black; hind neck and wings dark Quaker drab; entire under surface white, except as indicated; posterior half of loral area mixed white and dark Quaker drab; anterior half of lores, anterior two-thirds of upper eyelid, and lower eyelid white; posterior margin of eyelids deep Quaker drab; sides of neck deep mouse gray; flanks between deep and dark mouse gray; under tail coverts deep mouse gray, tipped lightly with white and white basally; edge of wing between dark Quaker drab and sooty black; under wing coverts white; axillars white, tipped lightly with dark mouse gray. Culmen black; sides of bill mouse gray; lower surface of mandible grayish olive; tarsus, middle and inner toes drab; line down ridge of back of tarsus, and outer toe sooty black. (From dried skin.) Measurements.—Males (6 specimens), wing 185-193 (188), tail 80.7- 1Pufinus (sic) Lherminieri Lesson, Rev. Zool., vol. 2, no. 3, Apr. (May) 1839. p. 102. (Straits of Florida). 6—Proc. BioL. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 72, 1959 an Y 959 SMHS TTION MAY 2 2 1 i 'V + : r > “4 20 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 87.7 (85.2), culmen from base 27.1-30.1 (29.3), tarsus 38.4-39.8 (39.3) mm. Females (5 specimens), wing 185-195 (190), tail 82.8-88.5 (86.3), eulmen from base 27.7-31.2 (29.2), tarsus 38.2-40.0 (39.0) mm. Type, male, wing 186, tail 85.4, culmen from base 29.5, tarsus 39.8 mm. Range.—Known only from the Tiger Cays, off the Valiente Peninsula, Bocas del Toro, Panama. Remarks.—The colony of shearwaters in the Tiger Cays was found by Dr. Loye Holmes Miller in 1936 during a brief visit to the Chiriqui Lagoon area, where he was located on a survey ship of the Hydrographic Office of the Navy. A seaman returning from placing a beacon on a rocky island told of seeing birds with single large eggs in holes in the ground. Dr. Miller visited the site on March 12, and found four oe- cupied nesting holes of the Audubon’s shearwater, with eggs that ranged from fresh to nearly ready to hatch. He prepared two skins, and a skeleton, and secured other bones from ecareasses eaten by vul- tures. The specimens, placed in the collections at the University of California in Los Angeles, attracted no special attention since the nor- mal breeding range of Audubon’s Shearwater was not well known at that time, and it was not realized that this was an unusual extension in range. The skins came to attention recently through a list of birds from Panama in the University collections sent to me through the inter- est of Dr. Thomas R. Howell. In recent correspondence Dr. Miller kindly furnished me with a description and a rough map of the locality, from which Mr. Thomas R. Dunn of the Chiriqui Land Company at Almirante, through his knowledge of the area gained in fishing excursions, identified the islet as what is known locally as ‘‘ Tiger Rock’’ in the Tiger Cays off the end of the Valiente Peninsula. With this information, on Febru- ary 25, 1958, during a day of favorable weather, I crossed from Almirante in a dugout canoe with an outboard motor, located the island, and found the shearwater colony. The Tiger Cays lie in line from 3000 meters north to 5000 meters northwest of Cabo Valiente at the end of the peninsula. The outermost, at the northwest, is a submerged rock that is awash. Next is a higher rock bearing a navigation beacon, which is designated as ‘‘Tiger Rock’’ in the chart and sailing directions for this region. Then comes a slightly larger islet, followed by a larger, longer one, of several separated sections which is known locally as Tiger Rock. At the western end this.island is nearly divided by a cleft through which storm waves wash. The higher ground at either side of this depression has a stand of coconuts and guarumos (Cecropia), with undergrowth of coarse grass, caha blanca, and other plants. I stepped ashore at the cleft on a partly submerged rock, and, after a brief examination, climbed the bare rock to the top of the eastern sector. Immediately I noted feathers, fresh droppings, and the pungent odor of shearwaters, and on the steep landward slope, where there was pro- tection from the northern and eastern winds found the openings of numerous burrows. In the hour and a half that I was able to remain I examined only a limited area in which I secured 9 birds and 5 eggs. It had not been possible to beach the cayuco because of the heavy swells, so that when the wind began to freshen I had to leave in order to gain the distant shelter of Crawl Cay channel before the sea became eras Description of a Race of the Shearwater 21 too rough for our small craft. Another island in this group of cays, that is larger, lies to the eastward of the one I visited. It should be noted that there is also a small island along the eastern shore of Isla Popa on the northern side of the Laguna de Chiriqui that locally is called Tiger Cay, that has no connection with the Tiger Cays described above. The smaller size that appeared evident in examining the two specimens collected in 1936 is verified in the nine specimens that I obtained. The following measurements taken from specimens of P. l. lherminieri in the U. S. National Museum, American Museum of Natural History, Museum of Comparative Zoology, and the British Museum (Natural History), will indicate the difference. Males (31 specimens), wing 195-209 (201), tail 83.5-95.0 (88.2), culmen from base 28.1-31.8 (30.0), tarsus 37.8-42.5 (40.2) mm. Females (29 specimens), wing 193-210 (200), tail 83.7-95.0 (88.9), culmen from base 25.7-31.0 (29.2), tarsus 38.0-41.8 (40.4) mm. The birds from Bocas del Toro have the side of the head including the eyelid white, with only a very slight amount of gray in some in- dividuals. While these markings vary in typical P. I. lherminieri, the gray in most is of greater amount. The difference is slight and may not hold in larger series. The eggs, pure white in color, with the shell slightly pitted, vary in form from subelliptical to long subelliptical and long oval. The measure- ments, in millimeters, are as follows: 48.3 & 35.3, 51.3 & 36.3, 52.2 « 34.7, 53.1 XK 34.5, 53.9 X 35.3. While these sizes come within the lower limits of measurement for eggs of Puffinus l. lherminieri, the maximum found in this small series of loyemilleri is appreciably less, this being 57.3 mm. for length, and 40.8 mm. in breadth in the nominate form. The average for loyemilleri thus appears to be smaller. The new form appears intermediate between the nominate race and the much smaller P. l. boydi Mathews of the Cape Verde Islands. It is named for Dr. Loye Miller in recognition of his many contributions to the science of ornithology. ve 292 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington veo | Vol. 72, pp. 23-32 April 22, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON AN ELUCIDATION OF THE NEOTROPICAL GENUS CHINAIA WITH A KEY TO MALES AND A NEW ALLIED GENUS {Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae | By JAmeEs P. KRAMER Entomology Research Division Agr. Res. Serv. U.S.D.A. In an earlier paper (1958 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 71 :69-74), I described six new species of the genus Chinaia from Central America and included a check-list of the species assigned to or described in this genus. All of the species enumerated in the check-list have now been studied. Many of the species are known from uniques which necessitated the study of types. This study was made possible through the very kind coopera- tion of the following entomologists: W. E. China of the British Museum, G. E. Wallace of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, and R. Linnavuori of Turku, Tyttolyseo, Finland. Of the thirteen species included in my original check-list, eleven are now considered to be members of Chinaia. One of the eleven is known only from a partly mutilated female and its inelusion is, perhaps, questionable. One of the two species now exeluded from Chinaia has been referred to Coelidiana, while the other appears to be a deltocepha- line with uncertain generic affinities. In the course of this study, two new species representing a new genus closely allied to Chinaia were discovered. This paper, then, treats Chinaia, the species removed from Chinaia, and the new closely related genus with its two new species. A revised check-list of Chinaia is also ineluded. Chinaia Bruner and Metealf 1934. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soe. 29(3):120. Type of genus Chinaia bella Bruner and Metealf. Head narrower than pronotum and broadly rounded anteriorly, length of crown much less than basal width between the eyes. Anterior margin of head without a earina. Ocelli on face at a considerable dis- tance below anterior margin of head. Clypellus much wider distally than basally. Antennae as long or longer than the body. Pronotum much wider than long. Scutellum very large and triangular, as long as pronotum. Venation obscure except at apex of the long tegmina. Coloration yellowish to pale orange with extensive orange to bright red orange markings. Dark brown markings often found on elavus and apical portion of tegmina. 7—Proc. Brou. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 72, 1959 24 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Male genitalia. Valve quite obscure in uncleared specimens. Plates deep and scoop-shaped. Pygofer either with dorsal processes or an elongation of terminus. Connective cruciform, not fused with aedeagus Aedeagus moderately straight or recurved with gonopore opening apically or dorso-apically, except in bella where the opening is at the distal portion of the shaft. Aedeagus with or without lateral flaps. The genus Chinaia as presently interpreted includes species which exhibit rather diverse genitalic patterns. Even though some splitting of the genus could be justified on the basis of these divergences, it is believed that little would be accomplished by so doing at this time. Females which are presently unrecognizable to species would then be unrecognizable to genus. rubescens grp. cumara citrina bella ! 1 ! u ! U SCLEROTIZED PYGOFER fot Al PROCESS Wee ewew ew ew wma ee \ \ AED EDEAGAL é er AEDEAGAL FLAPS GHINAIA Proposed phylogeny of the genus Chinaia FLAPS The known species of Chinaia fall into two groups based upon the presence or absence of the aedeagal flaps. Those species with the aedeagal flaps form two lines. One of these lines is represented by a Single species cwmara in which paired processes have developed between the aedeagus and flap; while the other line, containing most of the species in the genus, has evolved a distinct sclerotized dorsal pygofer process. The group which lacks the aedeagal flaps is represented by two species: bella and citrina. Here the pygofer has elongated and exceeds the male plates. On the basis of the aedeagus, these two species are not very close and probably represent distinct branches. In bella the gonopore is located at the distal portion of the broadly recurved tip. In citrina the gonopore is at the apex of the slender U-shaped shaft. The key which follows will allow separation of the males. The females on hand are not associated with males, except in one case, and are not treated at this time. An Elucidation of the Neotropical Genus Chinaia 25 Chinaia: Key to Males 1. Pygofer in lateral view with a distinctly sclerotized dorsal process 2 Pygofer in lateral view with terminus prolonged or modified without AE ES SE SE ee ee eee ee 8 2. Pygofer process approximately ‘‘S’’ shaped (fig. E2)* _ SD Pygofer process variously formed but not ‘‘S’’ shaped - ree 3. Proximal portion of clavus concolorous.....-_»_- caprella Kramer Proximal portion of clavus with an orange stripe. permista Kramer 4. Pygofer process elongate caudad and decurved SS Pygofer process neither elongate caudad nor decurved 7 5. Pygofer process bifureate at apex (fig. D2)* bifurcata Kramer IERIE CNITITE SEG. ANOE 88 6 6. Pygofer processes in dorsal view straight, terminating wth ineurved nrnmreae fist, Po) agarista Kramer Pygofer processes in dorsal view curved outward and without hooks ean Ay ee OP en ee eee rubescens (Fowler) 7. Aedeagus in lateral view narrowed on distal one-half (fig. C3)* erermmare er ee a lepida Kramer Aedeagus in lateral view narrowed on distal three-fourths (Plate I, RS ornata (Osborn) 8. Aedeagus with paired basal accessory processes (fig. A3)* — a Ee I a ed cumara Kramer TCH» DFOCanseS (8 ee 9 9. Pygofer terminus undulate and hooked (Plate I, fig. 1) ~~ = ee bella Bruner & Metcalf Pygofer terminus expanded and then narrowed at apex (Plate I, EL I oR ees ra ne 5 citrina Evans *These fig. numbers refer to illustrations which appeared with the original description in 1958 Proce. Biol. Soe. Wash. 71: 69-74. All of the authors species are treated in this earlier paper. Chinaia rubescens (Fowler) 1900 Tettigonia rubescens Fowler, Biologia Centrali-Americana 2: 282- 283, with illustration in color Tab. 19, fig. 7. Fowler’s original description is quoted here: ‘‘Pale testaceous, with the base and sides of the pronotum, a broad band on the tegmina, and sometimes the apical portion of the scutellum, red, the red band on the tegmina occasionally covering the whole of the corium except the apex; head short, but longer than the pronotum, which is very short, scarcely produced before the eyes and broadly subtruncate, eyes prominent; teg- mina much narrowed toward the apex; legs light testaceous-yellow. Long. 7-8 millim.; lat. 2-214 millim. Hab. Panama, Volean de Chiriqui 2500 to 4000 feet (Champion.’’ Male genital structures. (Pl. I, figs. 11-12) Pygofer process long and spearlike, almost identical to agarista in lateral view. In dorsal view the pygofer process is curved laterally without terminal hooks. The edeagus is like that of agarista. Specimens studied. Two males and one female with data; San Isidre del General, Costa Rica, D, L. Bounds. No dates when collected. The identity of this species is based upon a male paratype located in the British Museum bearing same collection data as the type specimen ee _ ORNATA BIFURCATA CITRINA 13 AGARISTA RUBESCENS Plate I Chinaia C. bella [1-3] 1. lateral view of pygofer, valve, and male plate. 2. en- larged pygofer extension. 3. lateral view of aedeagus. C. ornata [4-7] 4. lateral view of pygofer, valve, and male plate. 5. enlarged pygofer process. 6. ventral view of connective. 7. lateral view of aedeagus. C. citrina [8-9] 8. lateral view of whole genital capsule. 9. three-quarters view of genital capsule. C. bifurcata [10] 10. ventral view of connec- tive. C. rubescens [11-12] 11. lateral view of whole genital capsule. 12. dorsal view of pygofer processes. C. agarista [13] 13. dorsal view of pygofer processes. An Elucidation of the Neotropical Genus Chinaia 27 which is a female. Dr. W. E. China sketched the genitalia and his draw- ing is used here. C. rubescens and C. agarista are very close species and can be distinguished with certainty only by the shape of the pygofer process in dorsal view as indicated in the key. Unfortunately the male paratype of C. rubescens has been mounted on a slide in lateral view which does not allow a dorsal observation to be made. However, the specimens which I have studied agree in certain other details with the C. rubescens paratype. These details are the curvature of the pygofer process in lateral view and the absence of dark brown markings on the clavus and apical cells. The drawings of the pygofer processes were made from Costa Rican specimens. Chinaia ornata (Osborn) 1924 Neocoelidia ornata Osborn, Ann. Carnegie Museum 15 (4) :449. The original description is quoted as follows: ‘‘Head short, scarcely produced, narrower than pronotum; vertex wider than long, as long at middle as next the eye; ocelli considerably below the middle of the eye, three times their diameter from the eye; antermae extremely long, longer than entire insect, the outer part of the setae very delicate and irregularly bent and twisted; front somewhat inflated, narrowed abruptly at tip; clypeus short, scarcely longer than wide, widening toward tip, apex truncate; lorae broad, approaching border of cheek; cheeks broad. Pro- notum short, one-half longer than vertex, lateral borders curved, hind border faintly sinuate; elytra long, narrowing to apex, appendix narrow. Genitalia: male, plates short, tumid; tips compressed, and bluntly rounded. Light yellow, with the hinder border of pronotum and cheek, lateral and apical portion of scutellum, a broad discal and apical spot on eclavus, an elongate basal spot on corium, a transverse discal spot from sub-costa to claval suture touching apical spot on clavus, two somewhat oblique spots on anteapical cells. orange-red; a darker orange band bordered with fuscous on anteapicals; four blackish dots on apical veins; apical areoles smoky; wings milky subhyaline. Beneath, pale creamy; tarsal claws dusky. Length: 6.75 mm. This very ornate species is represented by a single specimen from Valparaiso (2500 ft.) Dept. of Magdalena, Colombia, July, 1898, C. M. Ace. No. 1999 (H. H. Smith eoll.)’’ Male genital structures. (Pl. I, figs. 4-7) Pygofer process erect, rather slender with a large tooth on posterior margin and narrowed apically. Aedeagus in lateral view recurved with shaft narrowed. The drawings were made from the type specimen which was generously loaned through the courtesy of Dr. G. E. Wallace and the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburg. Chinaia bella Bruner and Metealf 1934 Chinaia bella Bruner and Metealf, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soe. 29(3): 121-122. This species was thoroughly treated in the original description both verbally and pictorially. Sufficient to say that bella has the same general habitus as the other members of this genus and can only be identified satisfactorily on the basis of the male genitalia. Male genital structures. (PI. I, figs. 1-3) As indicated in the key, the COLOMBIANA YOUNGI Plate II Xenocoelidia X. colombiana [1-5] 1. lateral view of pygofer. 2%. ventral aspect of connective and styie (only one drawn) also apex of style in lateral view. 3. lateral view vf aedeagus. 4. enlarged lateral view of aedeagus apically. 5. direct caudal aspect of aedeagus apically. X. youngi [6-9] 6. lateral view of pygofer. 7. ventral aspect of connective and style (only one drawn) also apex of style in lateral view. 8. lateral view of aedeagus. 9. direct caudal aspect of aedeagus apically. bj | ; An Elucidation of the Neotropical Genus Chinaia 29 pygofer is prolonged distally, undulate with an apical hook. The aedeagus is massive and broadly recurved apically. Unlike the other members of the genus the gonopore opens at the distal portion of the shaft. The drawings used here were prepared from a specimen taken from the type series. Chinaia citrina Evans © 1947 Chinaia citrina Evans, Trans. Royal Ent. Soe. London 98(6) :254. Evan’s description is quoted here: ‘‘Length 8 mm. Head yellow, antennae orange, eyes dark brown. Thorax: pronotum medially yellow, the remainder orange. Scutellum orange. Tegmen yellow with transverse and longitudinal orange markings and with two large oval, and a few small brown markings adjacent to apex. Thorax, ventral surface yellow. Abdomen, ventral surface orange. Type male from Essequibo River, British Guiana (Oxford University Expedition ix. 29).’’ Male genital structures. (Pl. I, figs. 8-9) The terminus of the pygofer is elongate. This elongation is widest near the middle, narrowed at the base and apex which is pointed. The shaft of the aedeagus is greatly narrowed and recurved. Dr. W. E. China very kindly dissected the type specimen and prepared the drawings which are used in this paper. Chinaia smithii (Baker) 1898 Neocoelidia smithti Baker, Canadian Ent. 30:291-292. C. smithti is known from a single female. The type has the tegmina missing. Even though this species has the general habitus of a Chinaia, the exact generic placement remains in doubt until males are available for study. The original description is included here: ‘Female. Length 8 mm. Pale yellowish with faint touches of reddish on sides of front, pronotum, scutel, and along commissural margin of elavus. Elytra shining yellowish, subhyaline, with four dark spots on inner margin, three on clavus and one beyond; with a complete transverse decoloured band before transverse nervures, which is edged before near costa with a dash of red; with another partial decoloured band beyond transverse nervures which is edged near costa with fuliginous. Costal margin of elytra and first sector of wings greenish. Wing subhyaline, with a median row of three fuliginous spots; veins pale brown, excepting first sector. Last ventral segment but little longer than preceding, hind margin truncate, with the lateral angles somewhat produced. Described from a single specimen from Brazil.’’ Revised check-list of species of Chinaia agarista Kramer, 1958. Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash. 71:74—Panama. bella Bruner and Metealf, 1934. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soe. 29(3): 121—Costa Rica. 3. bifurcata Kramer, 1958. Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash. 71:71—Panama. 4. caprella Kramer, 1958. Biol. Soe. Wash. 71:71—Panama and Canal Zone. citrina Evans, 1947. Trans. Royal Ent. Soe. London 98(6) :254— British Guiana. 6. cumara Kramer, 1958. Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash. 71:73—Guatemala. o> uo 30 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 7. lepida Kramer, 1958. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 71:73-74—Canal Zone. 8. ornata (Osborn), 1924. Ann. Carnegie Museum 15(4) :449—Colom- bia. : 9. permista Kramer, 1958. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 71:71-72—Canal Zone. 10. rubescens (Fowler), 1900. Biologia Centrali-Americana 2:282-283— Panama and Costa Rica. 11. smithii (Baker), 1898. Canadian Ent. 30:291-292—Brazil. Species removed from Chinaia Coelidiana undata (Linnavuori) new combination 1956 Chinaia undata Linnavuori, Ann. Ent. Fenn. 22(1) :35. The original description is as follows: ‘‘Length 7 mm. Face and under surface pale yellow, vertex, pronotum and scutellum orange-yellow, base of the latter bordered with black and apex with two large black spots. Elytrae yellow, clavus with a black undate stripe (as in Platymetopius undatus DeG.), other parts of the clavus reddish, basal margin black. The Ist and 2nd apical cells smoky brown, bases of 3rd and 4th apical cells with a broad black-brown transverse band, and furthermore two large round black spots at the upper cross-veins. Abdomen orange-yellow, legs yellow. Brazil: Nova Teutonia 16 VIII 1938.’’ Through the courtesy of Dr. R. Linnavuori, a paratype male was made available for study. It is clearly not a Chinaia but belongs to Coelidiana. DeLong’s paper (1953 Lloydia 16(2):93-131), in which many of the Neocoelidiinae are treated, keys out this genus. On the basis of genitalia, C. undata greatly resembles C. bidentata (illustrated in DeLong’s paper pl. 8 fig. 4). However, in C. wndata the pygofer is shorter and has but one ventral tooth, while C. bidentata has two teeth. Further, in C. undata the carina separating the crown and face is very distinct; and while dis- tinetly produced, the anterior margin of the head is broadly rounded in dorsal view. The head of C. bidentata has a less distinet carina and is rather bluntly pointed. The color patterns of the two species are very different as indicated in the descriptions. Neocoelidia punctata Osborn 1923 Neocoelidia punctata Osborn, Ann. Carnegie Museum 15(1) :77-78. Study of the type of this species reveals that this is not a Chinaia but actually belong to the leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae with generic placement uncertain. Osborn’s punctata lacks the ledge above the anten- nal pit which is characteristic of all Neocoelidiinae and has styles typical of many deltocephalines. Xenocoelidia new genus Type of genus Xenocoelidia youngi new species. Resembles Chinaia but differs in shape of eclypellus, position of ocelli, modification of male pygofer, and shape of both the connective and styles. Head either nearly as wide as pronotum or distinctly narrower and broadly rounded anteriorly, length of crown much less than basal width between eyes. Anterior margin of head without a carina. Ocelli on margin of vertex and visible in dorsal aspect. Clypellus very slightly expended before apex. Both elypellus and elypeus rather tumid. An- An Elucidation of the Neotropical Genus Chinaia 31 tennae as long as body. Pronotum much wider than long. Secutellum very large and triangular, as long as pronotum. Tegmina long with venation obscure except at apex. Coloration whitish to yellowish with or without brown, yellow, or red markings. Male genitalia. Valve obscure in uncleared specimens. Plates deep and scoop-shaped. Pygofer lacking processes or lobes. Terminus of pygofer slightly thickened, bearing setae. Connective Y-shaped and closely asso- ciated with the aedeagus but not solidly fused. Style long and slender with a mesal curvature. Aedeagus slender and broadly U-shaped. Gonopore apical or subapical. Xenocoelidia youngi new species Length male 8 mm. Head narrower than pronotum, Lorum as large as ¢clypellus. Ground color a uniform ivory white. Apex of tegmina bright yellow hyaline. Tiny fuscous spot at tip of each clavus and a very slight darkening at center of commissural margin. Male genitalia. (Plate II, figs. 69) Aedeagus slender and curved dorsally, apex in lateral view with a sharp tooth and an acute blade-like dorsal expansion. Gonopore opens apically. HOLOTYPE male, Buenaventura, Colombia, 1941, C. L. Fagan. U.S.N.M. type no. 64572. Female unknown. This species is named for one of the world’s foremost students of the Cicadellidae, Dr. David A. Young, Jr. Xenocoelidia colombiana new species Length male 7 mm. & Head slightly narrower than pronotum. Lorum smaller than clypellus. Ground color whitish. Seape and basal half of pedicel bright pink. Anterior margin of head with a pale yellow band below and a bright orange band above. Pronotum with lateral margins and an irregular broadly U-shaped marking centrally located near anterior margin, bright orange. Claval suture with a pale yellow band becoming obscure distally. Clavus with a moderately broad somewhat dusky orange stripe running along scutellum and commissural margin. A brown spot flanks stripe laterally before apex of each clavus. Apex of tegmina brown hyaline. Male genitalia. (Plate II, figs. 1-5) Aedeagus slender and curved dorsally, split apically in lateral view. Gonopore subapical on venter of shaft. HOLOTYPE male, Puente Licio, Guaseca-Gacheté, Cundinamarea, Colombia, Feb. 20, 1942, Edward A. Chapin, sweeping herbage. U.S.N.M. type no. 64573. Female unknown. Dr. Chapin supplied this additional information: Puente Licio is a bridge across a small stream that crosses the main highway running between Guasea and Gacheté, on the east slope of the Cordillera Oriental. Vol. 72, pp. 33-36 May 1, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WAS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D. C. In a collection of birds taken by Ira N. Gabrielson in Rio Blanco County, Colorado, in 1948 there was a Veery (a female collected on September 20) that could not be allocated to any of the three recognized races. It most closely recembled Hylo- cichla fuscescens salicicola but its grayish upper parts sepa- rated it readily from this western form. It was of decided in- terest, therefore, when subsequently a critical examination of a series of breeding Veerys taken in northern Idaho revealed the fact that they possessed all the characters by which this migrant Colorado specimen was distinguished from the other races of Hylocichla fuscescens. These individuals of the ex- treme western breeding population of the Veery represent a distinct and undescribed race that may be known as: Hylocichla fuscescens subpallida new subspecies Characters: Differs from all other races of Hylocichla fus- cescens in having the upper parts duller, with a gray wash entirely lacking in any other races of Veery examined; crown darker than in salicicola, approaching fuliginosa in this re- spect; buff of throat averaging paler, and less heavily marked with dusky. Birds taken in August, after the completion of the post nuptial moult, equally distinct. No appreciable size difference. Measurements: Nine breeding males from northern Idaho and eastern Washington: Wing, av. 101 mm. (extremes 98- 103.5) ; tail 77.5 (76-80) ; exposed culmen 13 (12.5-14). Five breeding females from northern Idaho and eastern Washing- ton: Wing, av. 98.5 mm. (97-101.5) ; tail 73.5 (72.5-75) ; ex- posed culmen 12.3 (12-13.5). Type: Adult male No. 419601, United States National Mu- seum (Fish and Wildlife Service collection) : Moscow, Latah County, Idaho, June 10, 1951, Thomas D. Burleigh, original number 13895. Distribution: Breeds in northern Washington, east of the 8—Proc. Bio., Soc. WasuH., Vou. 72, 1959 (33) . rh: UNIAN Y SNSTITUTION MA i 1959 34 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Cascades, northern and central Idaho, and western Montana west of the Continental Divide. Winter range not known. Remarks: Robert Ridgway, in his original description of H. f. salicicola, did not designate a type specimen. At a later date he indicated Nos. 66667 and 79460 (U. 8. National Mu- seum) as types, evidently making a male and a female type for the race. With one exception (79461—Fort Garland, Colo- rado) all of the specimens upon which Ridgway based his description of salicicola are in the U. S. National Museum. The type series is composed of May, June, and September specimens from Colorado, eastern Montana, Wyoming, and North Dakota. All resemble the additional breeding birds examined from these areas. Since no type was designated in the original description we hereby select No. 66667 from Fort Garland, Colorado, May 26, 1872, as the type, and restrict the type locality of salicicola to Fort Garland, Colorado. This specimen is one of the small series which Ridgway had selected subsequent to his description. Specimens of Hylocichla fuscescens subpalliida examined: Total number, 57, from the following localities: Idaho: Bon- ner’s Ferry, Boundary County, June 22, 1957, 3 adult; St. Maries, Benewah County, June 22, 1948, ¢ adult; Potlatch, Latah County, May 21, 1948, ¢ adult; August 13, 1948, ¢ immature; August 16, 1948, @ immature; May 26, 1949, 9 adult; July 13, 1949, 9 adult; May 24, 1950, ¢ adult; July 12, 1951, g and 2 adult; August 2, 1951, ¢ juvenile; August 26, 1951, 2 immature; May 18, 1952, ¢ adult; July 20, 1952, ¢ adult; August 3, 1952, $ juvenile; August 12, 1956, @ adult; June 30, 1957, 2 adult; Princeton, Latah County, May 30, 1949, ¢ adult; Moscow, Latah County, May 25, 1948, 2 ¢ adult; July 19, 1949, 2 adult; August 18, 1949, ¢ immature; August 23, 1949, @ immature; September 2, 1950, ¢ adult; May 16,1951, ¢ adult; June 10,1951, ¢ adult; May 21, 1952, é adult; May 22, 1953, ¢ adult; September 7, 1957, 9 imma- ture; June 16, 1958, 2 2 adult; Orofino, Clearwater County, June 12,1951, ¢ adult; July 1, 1952, 6 adult; Lapwai, Nez Perce County, July 12, 1950, ¢ adult; Cambridge, Washing- ton County, June 4, 1951, 6 adult; June 7, 1952, ¢ adult; Challis, Custer County, June 29, 1950, @ adult; Sun Valley, Blaine County, June 28, 1950, 3 adult; Henry’s Lake, Fre- mont County, June 11, 1957, ¢ adult. Washington: Entiat, Chelan County, July 5,1910, 9 adult; July 12,1918, ¢ adult; July 13, 1918, ¢ adult; Winthrop, Okanogan County, June 23,1943, ¢ and 2 adult; Spokane, Spokane County, June 18, 1948, 3 adult; June 24, 1948, ¢ adult; July 15, 1957, 9 adult; August 19, 1957, @ immature; Pullman, Whitman ana New Subspecies of Veery from the Northwest U.S. 35 County, May 29, 1948, @ adult; August 15, 1948, ¢ imma- ture; August 20, 1949, ¢ immature; September 6, 1949, ¢ immature; June 11, 1953, ¢ adult; Palouse, Whitman County, July 16, 1950, ¢ adult; Uniontown, Whitman County, July 8, 1951, ¢ adult; Yakima, Yakima County, July 6, 1952, ¢ adult. Montana: Drummond, Granite County, June 29, 1956, 6 adult. 86 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Vol. 72, pp. 37-38 May 1, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF W A NEW SPOTTED GROUND SQUIRREL By Donaup F. HOFFMEISTER Museum of Natural History, University of Illinois, Urbana Collecting of mammals by students at the University of Illinois in the sand dunes of northern Chihuahua has revealed the presence there of an undescribed race of the spotted ground squirrel, Citellus spilosoma. The particular sand dunes are those surrounding the small town of Samalayuca, twenty-four miles south of El Paso, Texas. Spotted ground squirrels are not abundant in this dune area in sum- mer, when collecting has been done. For example, on the fourth of August, 1958, the first squirrel was not seen moving about on the dunes until late afternoon (after 4:30 p.m.). On the same day, the sun-temperature on these dues was 116°F. at 12:30 p.m.; 120°F. at 2:00 p.m. On another occasion, temperature taken in the early morning ranged from 90°F. to 98°F. between 8.00 a.m. and 9:30 a.m. The dunes consist of light-colored but not white sands. There are only a few shrubby plants, such as mesquite and yucca, growing in the dunes. Two other rodents are endemic to the sand dunes area near Samalayuca: Dipodomys ordii extractus Setzer and Onychomys leucogaster albescens Merriam. Capitalized color terms are from Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature (1912). Measurements are in millimeters. Citellus spilosoma ammophilus, new subspecies Type.—Adult, female, skin and skull, No. 12472, Univ. Illinois Mus. Nat. Hist., from 5% mi. N Samalayueca, Chihuahua, Mexico; collected August 2, 1956, by Wayne H. Davis, original No. 2469. Range.—Known only from the sand dunes area in the vicinity of Sama- layuea, Chihuahua. Diagnosis.—A race of Citellus spilosoma characterized by especially pale coloration. On the dorsum, in an area of minimum spotting, general color effect near Cream-Buff c. Color on dorsum of tail near Cinnamon- Buff ¢ with terminal tip whitish. Underside of tail near Pinkish Buff. Dorsal surface of front and hind feet white. Eye ring present but so similar in color to adjacent light-colored areas that it gives the impres- sion of being reduced or nearly absent. Lateral line area white. Under- parts white. In external measurements, ammophilus is of an average size for the species; skull slightly smaller than average. See Measurements. Comparisons.—Citellus spilosoma ammophilus differs from Citellus 9—Proc, Biou. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 72, 1959 (37) ONIAN 195» SMSTITUTION MAY 3 38 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington spilosoma canescens and Citellus spilosoma arens as follows: Upper parts much lighter; eye ring less conspicuous; dorsal surface of front feet whitish rather than Cinnamon-Buff or Pinkish Buff; dorsal surface of hind feet lighter; upper and under side of tail paler; sides along lateral line whitish rather than washed with Pinkish Buff or Pinkish Cinnamon; nearly all measurements, external and cranial, larger than for specimens of canescens from southeastern Arizona; hind foot especially larger; tail shorter. Citellus spilosoma ammophilus differs from Citellus spilosoma pallescens in coloration much as it differs from C. s. canescens. It is paler or lighter in all respects. In external measurements, smaller than most pallescens ; tail noticeably shorter but hind feet of large size in both subspecies. Skull of about same size as most specimens of pallescens, but more con- stricted in postorbital region. Citellus spilosoma ammophilus differs from Citellus spilosoma major in much paler coloration; shorter tail; slightly smaller skull. Measurements.—The type, an adult female, and a subadult female from 4.8 mi. S Samalayuea are, respectively: total length, 232, 232; length of tail, 68, 74; length of hind foot, 36, 35; length of ear, 8, 10; greatest length of skull, 39.8, 38.0; palatilar length, 17.6, 16.8; zygomatic breadth, 24.0, 23.1; cranial breadth, 19.2, 18.3; interorbital breadth, 9.1, 8.1; postorbital constriction, 14.2, 13.1; length of nasals, 13.7, 11.9; alveolar length of maxillary toothrow, 8.4, 7.9. Remarks.—Citellus spilosoma ammophilus is the palest-colored race of the species. C. s. ammophilus occurs in a geographic area between the ranges of the races canescens, pallescens, and major. It differs from all three in lighter color; in addition, from canescens in larger size; from pallescens in smaller size and shorter tail; from major in slightly smaller size of skull and shorter tail. Vernon Bailey (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 15: 118, 1902) deseribed the subspecies C. s. arens from El Paso, Texas, which is not far-distant from the type locality of C. s. ammophilus. It seems clear after examining Bailey’s material that the name arens does not apply to specimens from the dunes near Samalayuca. His race is very similar to C. s. canescens. The race ammophilus may be restricted to the sand dunes around Samalayuca, Chihuahua. However, there are other sand dunes, quite extensive, to the west of Samalayuca, near Medanos and Barreal, Chihua- _ hua. Possibly spotted ground squirrels of the subspecies C. s. ammophilus occur there. In parts of southern Chihuahua, Colima, and Durango, there are large, long-established dunes. Whether spotted ground squirrels, Citellus spilosoma, occur in these is not known, and if they should, the degree of paleness is unknown. Some specimens in our collections taken short distances from some of these dunes indicate that they are slightly paler than most pallescens. These specimens, however, are not as pale as ammo philus. Specimens examined.—Chihuahua: 51% mi. N. Samalayuea, 1; 4.8 mi. S Samalayuea, 1. Vol. 72, pp. 39-44 May 1, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WAG FROM ALABAMA! (DECAPODA, ASTACIDAE Horton H. Hospss, JR. University of Virguna and MARGARET WALTON Danville, Virgina The new crayfish described below was collected from eight localities in the vicinity of Montgomery, Alabama, some 200 miles east of the single locality in which its closest relative, Procambarus jaculus, was found. The two species occur at approximately the same degree of latitude, and there is evi- dence that both are secondary burrowing species (Hobbs, 1942: 20), associated with temporary bodies of water. We have named this erayfish in honor of our good friend, Dr. Ivey F. Lewis, former Director of the Mountain Lake Biological Station, who has aided and encouraged us in our studies for many years. Procambarus lewisi, sp. nov. Diagnosis.—Rostrum without marginal spines; postorbital ridges weak and without spines or tubercles; suborbital angle weak or rounded; lateral surface of carapace tuberculate with a single one larger than others immediately caudal to cervical groove; areola 13 to 24 times longer than broad and constituting 32.1 to 37.3 per cent of entire length of carapace. Simple hooks present on ischiopodites of third pereiopods in male, those on fourth bitubereulate or knobbed. Palm of chela not bearded but with a row of seven to 11 tubercles. First pleopod of first form male with a slight shoulder on cephalic margin at base of distal seventh; mesial process non-corneous, slender, and extending ecaudodistad beyond the tips of the other terminal elements; cephalic process slender, lying cephalolateral to the central projection, tip corneous, and projecting distally ; caudal process, a corneous, plate-like, sinuous projection, extends almost beak-like, and directed caudodistad but tilted slightly laterad. laterodistally across the caudolateral portion of the terminal end of pleopod; central projection, the largest of the terminal elements, corneous, Annulus ventralis movable with a prominent pair of caudolaterally di- rected arms; central area elevated (ventrally) with a longitudinal furrow in cephalic half; sinus, originating in cephalic furrow, S-shaped caudally. Holotype Male, Form I.—Body subovate with the greatest length in 1Contribution from the Mountain Lake Biological Station and the Department of Biology, University of Virginia. 10—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 72, 1959 (39) -MITHSUONIAN MAY } 1959 INSTITUTION MAL 4 40 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington the dorso-ventral plane; abdomen and carapace subequal in length (31.5 and 31.4 mm.). Height in region of caudodorsal margin of cervical groove slightly less than width; greatest width of carapace slightly caudal to caudodarsal margin of cervical groove. Areola about 23.4 times longer than broad with one or two punctations in narrowest part. Cephalic section of carapace about 1.7 times as long as areola (length of areola about 37.9 per cent of entire length of cara- pace). Rostrum without marginal spines; margins only slightly elevated, a little thickened basally, and converging to a small indistinctly delimited acumen. Upper surface subplane basally and slightly concave cephali- eally with scattered punctations and with a row of them mesial to mar- gins. No carina present. Postorbital angle obtuse and rounded. Subros- tral ridges evident along basal third of rostrum. Branchiostegal spine very small but acute. Lateral surface of carapace granulate and with one tuberele slightly larger than other granulations on each side just caudal to cervical groove. Dorsal surface of carapace punctate. Cephalic section of telson with two spines in each caudolateral angle. Epistome (Fig. 10) broader than long, its margins with a few small tubercles; cephalic border without a median projection. Antennules of the usual form with a small spine on lower surface of basal segment. Antennae broken. Antennal seale (Fig. 11) broad; broadest slightly dis- tal to mid-length; lateral portion inflated, slightly convex laterally, and terminating distally in an acute spine; total length almost half that of areola (5.6 and 11.7 mm.). Left chela (Fig. 7) with palm inflated and with setiferous squamous tubereles present on all surfaces. Inner margin of palm with a row of nine tubercles; below this row another consisting of seven tubercles; tubercles above this row somewhat more irregularly arranged; prominent tubercle on lower surface of palm at base of dactylopodite. Both fingers with moderately well defined, longitudinal, polished ridges above and below. Opposable margin of immovable finger with a row of 11 tubercles, the fourth from the base largest; below the distalmost tubercle in this row lies a very prominent one and a smaller one distal to the latter. Opposable margin of dactylopodite with two rows of tubercles, an upper one of 17 very small ones and a lower of nine; lower row originates at distal end of proximal fourth of finger and the proximal tubercle is largest. Crowded minute denticles present along distal half of opposable margins of both fingers and interspersed among the proximal tubercles. Setiferous punctations covering both fingers except for polished ridges and at base of dactylopodite where small tubercles are present. Carpopodite of first left pereiopod tuberclate mesially and punctate on other surfaces. In addition to the usual are of large tubercles along distal border, several smaller ones on mesial surface proximal to the large mesial one. Upper surface with a broad shallow oblique furrow. Mero- podite tuberculate above, below, and mesiodistally; one tubercle on upper distal surface larger than others on upper surface; lower surface with the usual two rows, although lateral row somewhat irregular and both rows flanked by others on each side; the more regular mesial row consists of 15 tubercles. Lower surface of ischiopodite with a row of five tu- bercles. New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus from Alabama 41 Ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods with hooks (Figs. 8, 9); that on third simple and that on fourth bitubereculate; neither opposed by a knob-like prominence on corresponding basipodite. Coxopodite of fourth pereiopod with a caudomesially projecting knob on caudomesial angle, and that of fifth with a ventrally directed projection near caudo- mesial angle. First pleopods (Figs. 1, 5) symmetrically arranged and extending to eoxopodite of third pereiopod when abdomen is flexed. Tip terminating in four distinct parts, three of which are corneous. No setae on distal half of appendage. For description see Diagnosis. Morphotypic Male, Form II.—Differs from the holotype in the follow- ing respects: suborbital angles obsolete; epistome with a small cephalo- median projection; antenna extends caudad to base of third abdominal segment; inner margin of palm of chela with a row of seven or eight tubercles; opposable margins of fingers of chela with a single row of minute denticles, as opposed to crowded ones; hooks and prominences on proximal podomeres of pereiopods all reduced, and hook on ischiopo- dite of fourth pereiopod with no indication of the bituberculate condi- tion. First pleopod (Figs. 2, 4) with all terminal elements represented ; however, none corneous, and all shortened. An oblique transverse suture is present in the basal half of the appendage. See measurements. Allotypiec Female.—Differs from the holotype in the following respects: epistome broadly triangular with a small cephalomedian projection; inner margin of palm of chela with a row of eight tubercles; opposable margins of fingers of chela with a single row of minute denticles as in morphotype, but forming a knife-like edge; cephalie section of telson with three spines in the caudosinistral angle. Annulus ventralis (Fig. 6) movable and not covered in part by sternum immediately cephalic to it. See Diagnosis for description; also see measurements. Morpho- Measurements.—(In. mm.). Holotype Allotype type Carapace: height 15.1 10.9 10.6 width 15.5 10.9 10.6 length 31.4 22.5 22.2 Areola: width 0.5 0.4 0.4 length 7 7.9 7.5 Rostrum: width 5.1 4.0 3.9 length 7.0 6.5 5.4 Chela: length of inner margin of palm 3 ba | 4,2 4.2 width of palm 8.9 3.9 3.9 length of outer margin of hand 31.3 12.8 12.6 length of dactyl 18.2 7.6 7.1 Type Locality.—Roadside ditch 18.8 miles east of Montgomery, Macon County, Alabama, on Route 80. Here the ditch is some six feet wide and the muddy water ranged from a few inches to more than four feet in depth in some places. Grasses grew along the margins of the ditch and filamentous algae were abundant. At 12:45 P.M. on April 16, 1958, the temperature of the water was 12°C. The only other crayfish colleeted in this locality was Procambarus acutissimus Girard. 42 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Disposition of Types——The holotype, allotype, and morphotype are deposited in the U. S. National Museum (nos. 102467, 102468, and 102469, respectively). The paratypie series consists of 346 ¢, form II, 929,13 juvenileg 6, and 7 juvenile9 2 in the collection of the senior author at the University of Virginia, and 1¢, form I, 4¢ ¢, form II, 8 juvenile 6 ¢, and 4 juvenile? @ are in the Tulane Collection. Range.—In addition to the type locality, specimens are available from the following localities in Alabama. Lowndes County: Roadside ditch, 3.9 mi. S.W. of intersection of Rts. 11 and 80 on Rt. 11; Stream 32.4 mi. S. of Montgomery on U. 8S. Hwy. 31. Montgomery County: Roadside ditch 12.8 mi. S. of Montgomery on U. S. Hwy. 31; Roadside ditch 18.2 mi. E. of Montgomery on U. S. Hwy. 80; 2.5 mi. S.E. of junction of U.S. Hwy. 231 and Rt. 6; 3 mi. E. of Montgomery. Macon County: Stream and roadside ditch 0.8 mi. 8. of Ft. Davis on U. S. Hwy. 29. Relationships——Procambarus lewisit has its closest affinities with P. jaculus Hobbs and Walton (1957: 48) but may be distinguished from it by the structure of the first pleopod and the bituberculate or knobbed hooks on the ischiopodites of the fourth pereiopods of the first form male and by differences in the annulus ventralis of the female. The antennal scale is also broader in P. lewisi than in P. jaculus. Remarks.—tThere is little variation among the 52 specimens available; most of the crayfish are comparatively small and a discussion of varia- tions within the species must await the procurement of a series of larger, unquestionably mature, specimens. It seems probable that P. lewisi is a secondary burrower although most of the specimens were taken from open water. The fact that the majority of the individuals collected were young and were in company with other adult crayfish suggests that the more mature specimens were in burrows. Other species related to P. lewisi are known to be see- ondary burrowers—P. planirostris Penn (1953: 71), P. hybus Hobbs and Walton (1957: 39), and P. mancus Hobbs and Walton (1957: 44); also, the only specimens available of P. jaculus were taken from tem- porary water in a roadside ditch. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to express our appreciation to Dr. George H. Penn who has permitted us to examine the specimens of P. lewisi in the Tulane Zoological Collection and to Mr. Thomas L. Johnson of the University of Virginia who assisted in collecting most of the specimens on which this description is based. LITERATURE CITED Hobbs, Horton H., Jr. 1942. The crayfishes of Florida. Univ. Fla. Publ., Biol. Sci. Ser., 3 (2): 1-179. . and Margaret Walton 1957. Three new erayfishes from Alabama and Mississippi. Tulane Stud. Zool., 5 (3): 39-52. Penn, George Henry 1953. A new burrowing crawfish of the genus Procambarus from Louisiana and Mississippi. Tulane Stud. Zool., 1 (6): 71-76. Explanation of Plates Procambarus lewisi . Mesial view of first pleopod of holotype. . Mesial view of first pleopod of morphotype. or +4 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Dorsal view of carapace of holotype. Lateral view of first pleopod of morphotype. Lateral view of first pleopod of holotype. Annulus ventralis of allotype. Distal podomeres of cheliped of holotype. Basipodite and Ischiopodite of third pereiopod of holotype. Basipodite and Ischiopodite of fourth pereiopod of holotype. Bea SUAS lati Fig. 10. Epistome of holotype. Fig. 11. Antennal scale. Fig. 12. Lateral view of carapace of holotype. 7 Vol. 72, pp. 45-54 May 1, 1959 PROCEEDINGS // ; May : 2 OF THE Z Rico Ug BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF W A NEW SPECIES OF SOUTH AMERI GENUS MAZAMA (CERVIDAE) By Put HERSHKOVITZ Curator of Mammals, Chicago Natural History Museum e \ Leer ry o> © mm woe Os [ s The dwarf deer of the Amazonian flanks of the Andes of northern Bolivia and southern Peru variously recorded in scientific literature as pudus (Pudu mephistophiles) or as indeterminate brockets, prove to be representatives of a hither- to unnamed species of Mazama. Thanks are here expressed to the authorities of the American Museum of Natural History for permission to describe the specimen here selected as type, and to the authorities of the United States National Museum for the loan of additional material. The following abbreviations are used in the list of specimens examined: AMNH = American Museum of Natural History CNHM = Chicago Natural History Museum USNM = United States National Museum Mazama chunyi, new species \% [?] Pudua mephistophelis |sic], Matschie (not de Winton), 1899, Sitzb. Gesellsch. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, p. 130—part, BOLIVIA. Pudu mephistophiles, Sanborn (not de Winton), 1952, Mus. Hist. Nat. ‘*‘ Javier Prado,’’ (A), Zool., no. 12:8—PERU: Chuntahuampa, Sandia, Puno; San Juan, Sandia, Puno. [?] Pudua sp., Eaton, 1916, Mem. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sei., 5:15— PERU: Machu Piechu, Cusco (scapula in Indian burial cave). Pudua [sp.], Tate, 1931, Journ. Mammal., 12:252—BOLIVIA: ‘‘tem- perate forest of the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Real.’’ Mazama species, Thomas, 1920, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 58:242—-PERU: Santa Ana, Cusco, 3480 feet. Mazama sp., Sanborn, 1951, Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. ‘‘Javier Prado,’’ (A), 6:25—PERU: Tio, Mareapata, Cusco, 2000 meters. Type.—Male, juvenal, skin and skull, American Museum of Natural History no. 73098; collected 28 May, 1926, by G. H. H. Tate. 4 Type locality.—Cocopunco, a site on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Real on the road to Mapiri, La Paz, Bolivia; altitude, about 3200 meters. Distribution.—The Andes of northwestern Bolivia and southeastern Peru in the headwaters of the Rio Beni (La Paz, Bolivia), Rio Madre de Dios (Puno and Cuseo, Peru), and the Rio Urubamba (Cusco). Diagnosis.—Smallest species of Mazama, size as in Pudu pudu. Deseription.—General color of head and body cinnamon brown to rufous brown, shoulders and outer side of limbs more uniformly brown 11—Proc. Biou. Soc, WaAsH., Vou. 72, 1959 (45 ) SMITHSONIAN aaay 4 INSTIT! ITION 2 DiVii lb riovity sie MAY INSTITUTION Qo 59 46 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington than back; individual cover hairs of back drab basally, buff or rufous terminally except for the fine dark brown tips; inner side of ears, lateral narial patch and mental patch white; throat, chest, inner sides of fore and hind legs buff to ochraceous-tawny; belly white; tail short, like rump above, sharply defined white beneath; external opening of pre- orbital gland small; tarsal and metatarsal tufts present and concealing corresponding glands; fore and hind hoofs long and slender, their greatest width slightly more or less than one-half greatest length; dew claws longer than wide. Nasals at midline shorter than frontals at midline; diastema shorter than alveolar length of upper cheek teeth; antorbital fossa shallow or dish-shaped, without fenestrations; superior portion of ascending ramus of premaxillary reaching lateral tips of nasals; long axis of antorbital vacuity oblique; area of vacuity less than one-half plane area of facial plate of lacrymal; greatest supraorbital breadth less than width of brainease (Plates 1, 2). Antlers as usual in the genus, spike-like and, judged by a fragmentary skull from Santa Ana, Peru, short, delicately formed, directed straight back in line with dorsal plane of forehead, burr comparatively simple and little differentiated from pedicle. Coloration of type.—Back and sides of head and body wood brown ticked with buff; juvenal spot pattern faintly defined on lower back; lateral band, chest and inner sides of thighs ochraceous buff, belly white; upper surface of muzzle, forehead, crown, outer side of ears, chin and lips brown, inner side of ears white; lateral narial patch trimmed in type, white in female from Tio, Peru; mental patch white, throat ochraceous buff; limbs brown. Variation.—Peruvian specimens from San Juan (1500 meters) and Tio (2000 meters) are darker, more reddish brown on dorsal surface, more reddish on underparts, and with pelage harsher, than the type. The hairs at anterior base of each ear are whorled in the Tio specimen, and the lower anterior border of each ear presents a white patch. A trimmed pelt from Chuntahuampa, Peru (2500-3000 meters), is intermediate in color and texture of pelage between the specimens from lower altitudes and the type from 3200 meters above sea level. Available material suggests that the difference in color between the pale holotype of the temperate zone of the Andes in Bolivia and the darker individuals of the subtropical zone of the same slope of the Andes — in Peru, is clinal. Measurements (in millimeters)—Those of the type, a juvenal with milk premolars and unerupted third molars, followed by the external measurements of an adult @ from Tio, Peru, and the cranial measure- ments of an adult 9 from San Juan, Peru. Head and body, 706, 720; tail, 24,—; hind foot, 124, 164; ear,—, 63 (notch); greatest length of skull, 117, 146; zygomatic breadth, 60, 66.9; greatest supraorbital breadth, 35, 40; width of braincase, 43.2, 47.7; nasals 27.1, 37.9; dia- stema, 30.2, 40.5; cheek teeth, 37.8 (dpm?—m?), 44.7 (pm?—m#) ; ant- lers, from base of burr, in a male from Santa Ana, Peru, 51 (right), 52 (left). Comparisons.—Though pudu-like in size and general appearance Mazama chunyi differs from true pudus (Pudw pudu Molina and P. New Species of South American Brocket 47 Plate | 48 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington mephistophiles de Winton) chiefly by the following characters: External cuneiform present as a discrete tarsal bone; first incisor (Plate 5B) broadly spatulate, its greatest width more than combined width of sec- ond and third incisors; presence of white mental and narial patches; tail distinguishable from rump, its undersurface sharply defined white. The preorbital gland in M. chunyi is small, the preorbital fossa shallow, as in Pudu mephistophiles, while in Pudu pudu the gland is large, the fossa deep or bowl-shaped (Plate 3A-D). The chunyi, or dwarf, brocket is distinguished from the much larger hed brocket, Mazama americana, the only sympatric congener, by absence of whorl] or reversed direction of hair growth on nape, absence of supra- erbital streak or circumorbital band, and by the much shorter tail. The brown brocket, Mazama gouazoubira, averages smaller than the red, but is still appreciably larger than M. chunyi, paler throughout, with tail very much longer, supraorbital streak or spot usually present and hoofs broader. Mazama rufina described from the Andes of Ecuador, but not known to occur in Peru or Bolivia, differs from M. chunyi by its deeper red or reddish-black body color, contrastingly darker metapodials, and the extremely large preorbital gland with the correspondingly deep, bowl- shaped preorbital fossa as in Pudu pudu (Plate 3D). Habitat and habits.——The discovery of the type specimen of Mazama chunyt is told by Tate (1931, Journ. Mammal., 12:252) as follows: ‘“These diminutive deer have been recorded only occasionally. The temperate forest of the Cordillera Real (Bolivia) contains numbers of this animal. In the tangled moss-hung woods signs of them were frequent in the form of foot-prints and droppings. In one valley-head where they seemed most plentiful we set out a regular.mine-field of steel traps and managed in this way to catch one.’’ Presence of the chunyi brocket in southeastern Peru was suspected by Mrs. Hilda Heller a year before she actually sent two specimens to the Chicago Natural History Museum. According to her field notes dated 1950, ‘‘there is a tiny red deer with spike horns in the hot and cold zones in forest land and in brush land in the Sandia and Tambopata valleys. It is called chunitaruca, chuni meaning small and taruca [or taruga| meaning deer.’’ In her notes for 1951, Mrs. Heller corrected the spelling of the local name of the deer to chunitaruca. She gives this account of the first specimen secured. ‘‘Chufiitaruca. M1949 [CNHM 79912]... - found in the Tambopata River at San Juan. The river had been high. The finders believed the hair [of most of the hide] had been torn off by the current or the friction of the rocks; the meat was considered fresh enough to eat. When I received the skin it was really dry, but I suspect, from a slight bloom on the moist part of the neck, that it would not stand tanning. Altitude or origin unknown. The species occurs at San Juan, 5000 feet, and at Sandia, 7,500 feet, perhaps higher.’’ in addition to the damaged hide, Mrs. Heller salvaged the skull intact and the foot bones. The second specimen, a hide with the head, limbs and tail trimmed off, was purchased in Sandia from a woman ‘‘who had it from her people in Chuntahuampa near Pucarimayo on the old road to Valle Grande at a fairly high altitude. They called it chunitaruca.’’ Mrs. Heller adds that ‘‘December is the month in which [echunyi New Species of South American Brocket 49 50 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Plate 3 Plate } 52. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington brockets] are usually obtained, for it is then that they come to eat po- tatoes. Because of their small size (weight about 25 pounds), they are not hunted by sportsmen for meat, but by the farmers in order to protect the potatoes. ’’ Remarks.—The external, osteological and dental characters of Mazama chunyi used in the above comparisons with the two known species of Pudu, serve to distinguish all brockets from pudus. Present material representing Mazama chunyi is fragmentary but each part whether skin, skull or foot bones, is identifiable as representing an extremely small species of Mazama. The holotype, a juvenal male with the second upper molars not quite fully in place and without trace of antler pedicles, is the only specimen with both skin and skull in good condition. The state of each of the remaining specimens is described in the following section. Specimens examined.—5. BOLIVIA: Cocopuneco, La Paz, the type (AMNH); PERU: Tio, near Marcapata, Quispicanchi, Cusco, skin (CNHM); San Juan, Rio Tambopata, Sandia, Puno, trimmed and parti- ally bare skin, skull, foot bones (CNHM); Chuntahuampa, near Pueari- mayo, Rio Huari Huari (upper Rio Inambari), Sandia, Puno, 1 trimmed hunter’s pelt (CNHM); Santa Ana, Rio Urubamba, Cusco, posterior half of skull with antlers intact (USNM). Plate 5. New Species of South American Brocket 53 Explanation of Plates. “a Plate 1. Dorsal aspect of skulls of B, Mazama chunyi (type, Cocopunco, Bolivia) ; C, Mazama chunyi (San Juan, Peru). All figures slightly over % X natural size. Plate 2. Ventral aspect of same skulls shown in Plate 1, Plate 3. Side view of skulls of A, Mazama chunyi (type); -B, Mazama chunyi (San Juan, Peru) ; b C, Pudu mephistophiles (Malvasa, Cauca, Colombia) ; ; D, Pudu pudu (Chiloé Island, Chile). Ls Bee All figures slightly under % & natural size. Pe r Plaie 4. Left mandibles of e A. Mazama chunyi (type); ee. bb. Pudu pudu; i C. Mazama chunyi; ‘$ 4 D. Pudu mepjhistophiles. _ __ All figures slightly over % & natural size. Plate 5. Lower front teeth (approximately «4) of A, Pudu mephistophiles ; B, Mazama chunyi (type). oe uP # = b : k Pa Ea | ——- A, Mazama americana whitelyi (Quincemil, Marcapata, Cusco, Peru). ty ie H g 0c ca logi 10 he B Proceedings of t / 54 +0673 Vol. 72, pp. 55-58 July 24, PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF LEAF- HOPPERS FROM SOUTH AMERICA (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE: NEOCOELIDIINAE) By JAMES P. KRAMER Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture AND RAUNO LINNAVUORI Turku, Tyttélyseo, Finland The new leafhoppers characterized in this paper are rather notable insects. The collection localities indicate that these species are jungle dwellers in the hinterlands of South Amer- ica. They represent the largest members of the subfamily Neocoelidiinae as yet described. Superficially, their habitus is reminiscent of some of the larger Neotropical Gyponinae. However, this similarity fades with a closer examination. Megacoelidia new genus Type of genus Megacoelidia splendida new species While Megacoelidia does not appear to be very close to any de- scribed genus, it has the exceedingly long antennae plus the carina separating the face and crown which represents a condition found in several genera of Neocoelidiinae. Large robust leafhoppers. Head comparatively small, slightly less than two-thirds as wide as pronotum. Eyes rather small. Crown sub- quadrate, much wider than long, produced beyond eyes and distinctly concave. Posterior margin of crown ecarinate, lateral margins sub- earinate. A distinct carina running transversely between ocelli which are on the anterior margin of the crown. Face long, with clypellus exceeding genae distally. Clypellus parallel sided and medianly sub- earinate. Oblique ledge above each antennal pit well developed. Antennae longer than body. Pronotum large, slightly indented on posterior mar- gin. Seutellum large and triangular. Tegmina long, with venation similar to that of other Neocoelidiinae. Coloration in known species deep orange to orange with a narrow black border on apex of tegmina. Male genitalia. Plates large and fused basally. Valve lacking. Pygo- fer variously modified distally with elongations or processes. Connective 12—Proc. Brot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 72, 1959 (55) 56 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington SPLENDIDA AURANTIA Megacoelidia splendida (figs. 1-5) and Megacoelidia aurantia (figs. 6-10). 1 and 6, lateral view of pygofer and male plate; 2 and 7, apex of style; 3 and 8, ventral aspect of styles, connective, and aedeagus; 4 and 9, male plates; 5 and 10, lateral view of aedeagus. A New Genus and Two New Species of Leafhoppers 57 Y-shaped and clearly articulated with the aedeagus. Style slender with one apical lobe. Aedeagus stout with apical portion recurved. Gonopore opens dorsally and below the apex. Megacoelidia splendida new species Length.—Male 13 mm. Coloration.—Venter and legs pale orange. First tibia with a black stripe its length on anterior face. Second tibia with a black stripe on basal half. Third tibia with an elongate basal spot. Face pale orange. Scape and pedicel light brown, flagellum dark brown. Crown orange. Pronotum mainly orange, tending to yellow cephalad and with a narrow black border on posterior margin. Scutellum yellow. Tegmina orange, basally of a slightly darker shade, with a narrow black border on apex. Male genital structures.—(figs. 1-5) Male plates pointed apically,. points turning laterad. Apex of pygofer with a dorsal extension and ventral tooth. Aedeagus stout with a pair of long lateral processes and recurved apically. Gonopore opens dorsally at base of recurved portion. HOLOTYPE Male, Esperanza, Brazil, State of Amazonas, August 9, 1920. U.S.N.M. type number 64652. Female unknown. The black posterior margin of the pronotum and the many differences in the genitalia will separate this species from the only other known member of the genus. Dr. Henry Dietrich of Cornell University very kindly supplied the following original collection data: ‘‘ Brazil, Amazonas. Down the Rio Solimoes from Brazilian frontier, Tabatinga and Esperanza and mouth of Rio Javari, (early Aug. 9) to Capacetes, Sao Paulo de Olivenga and beyond.’’ Rio Solimoes is that portion of the Amazon River bordering the southernmost tip of Colombia and runing into Peru. Both Tabatinga and Sao Paulo de Olivenca are towns on the Rio SolimG6es in Brazil. Tabatinga is very near the Colombian border and is situated directly southeast of Leticia, Colombia. Rio Javari is the river which separates Brazil and Peru on the northern portion of their common border. The only ‘‘Esperanza’’ in this section of Brazil is Boa Esperanca on the Jandiatuba River which is situated slightly east and south of Sao Paulo de Olivenca. Megacoelidia aurantia new species Length.—Male 13 mm. Coloration.—Venter and legs pale orange. First tibia like splendida. Second and third without black markings. Face and antennae like splendida. Crown, pronotum, scutellum, and tegmina a uniform deep orange. Tegmina with a narrow black apical border as in splendida. Male genital structures.—(figs. 6-10) Male plates with apex broadly rounded and blunt. Apex of pygofer with a short dorsal process and a long decurved ventral process. Aedeagus stout, apex recurved, with a pair of short lateral processes. Gonopore opens dorsally near base of recurved portion. 58 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington HOLOTYPE Male, Chaparé (Yungas), Bolivia, 1-49, Bridarolli. U.S.N.M. type number 64653. Female unknown. The lack of a black posterior margin on the pronotum and the distine-. tive genital structures will separate awrantia from splendida. Chaparé is the name of a river, and Yungas is a general region. Both of these are now included in the Bolivian state of Cochabamba. . Vol. 72, pp. 59-68 July 24, 1959 PROCEEDINGS fei VY moQh OF THE f BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTO A SYNOPSIS OF THE OSTRACOD (CRUSTACEA) GENUS CYPRIDOPSIS WITH THE DESCRIPTIIN OF A NEW SPECIES! EDWARD FERGUSON, JR. Grambling College, Grambling, La. Brady (1867) established the genus Cypridopsis and desig- nated Cypridopsis vidua (—Cypris vidua O. F. Miller 1776) the type species. The genus includes ostracods of the family Cypridae that have the following description: Shell high, tumid; valves approximately the same size; natatory setae of both antennae well developed; terminal podomere of the maxillary palp longer than wide; fureca reduced to a base, tapering distally to a seta. Brady and Norman (1896) proposed the genus Pionocypris for ostracods with the left valve larger than the right, but otherwise es- sentially similar in general morphology to members of the genus Cypridopsis. They designated C. vidua the genotype of the new genus Pionocypris and restricted the genus Cypridopsis to individuals having the right valve longer than the left. The literature contains instances in which Pionocypris has been confused through misspelling with Prionocypris Brady and Norman 1896. The genus Pionocypris is of questionable validity. An examination of the sketches and a review of the descriptions of the species of Pionocypris suggest that they may properly be assigned to the genus Cypridopsis. In view of the foregoing it is proposed that Pionocypris Brady and Norman 1896 be absorbed into the older genus Cypridopsis Brady 1867. Representatives of the genus Cypridopsis are widely distributed. Of the forty two species listed in this paper, twenty one have type localities in Africa, eleven are from North America, and five have been described from Europe. Several of the species reported by Sars (1924a) from Africa, and the South American species described by Sars (1901) were transported in dried mud to Sweden where they were cultured in aquaria, LL _——— : — —— 1Acknowledgment is made of tho assistance of Miss Alice Boatright, Staff Artist, Department of Zoology, Universiy of Illinois, who prepared the drawings, and of Mrs. Corinne A. Ferguson who prepared specimens for study. 13—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasuH., Vou. 72, 1959 (59) 60 Proceedings of the Biological Socety of Washington Members of the genus range in length from 0.35 mm. for C. yucat- anensis Furtos 1938, probably the smallest freshwater ostracod known, to 0.90 mm. for C. aldabrae Miiller 1898. Apparently all members of the genus are free-living. However, Deschiens, Lamy and Lamy (1953) report that C. hartwigi Miiller 1900 has been observed preying upon snails of the species Bullinus contortus Michaud 1829 and Planorbis glabratus Say 1828. Wherever possible the length, height, and color of the valves and the geographical distribution have been recorded for a species. There are numerous instances in which investigators neglected to give full descriptions of their species. Indeed, the scanty morphological char- acteristics upon which several species of Cypridopsis have been estab- lished may reasonably lead to some doubt as to their validity. SPECIES OF CYPRIDOPSIS C. aculeata (Costa 1852) Size: Length of female 0.72 mm. Males unknown. Color: Dark bluish-green. Distribution: Europe, Iceland, Central Asia, Africa. C. aldabrae Miller 1898 Size: Length of female 0.90 mm. Males smaller than females. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: Aldabra, East Africa; Southwest Africa. C. brevis Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.50 mm. Males unknown. Color: Bright emerald green. Distribution: Bergvliet Flats, South Africa. Cultured in an aquarium from dried mud. C. brevisetosa Klie 1943 Size: Length of female 0.70 mm; height 0.35 mm. Length of male 0.63 mm; height 0.34 mm. Color: Bright green in region of adductor muscles; ends and ventral margin are yellowish-brown. Distribution: Morocco. C. clavata Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.78 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: South Africa. C. dadayi Mehes 1913 Size: Length of female 0.58 mm; height 0.32 mm. Males unknown. Color: Brownish-green. Distribution: Bogota, Colombia. C. echinata Miiller 1909 Size: Length of female 0.72 mm. Males unknown. Color: Dark green. Distribution: South Africa. A Synopsis of the Ostracod (Crustacea) 61 elizabethan Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.70 mm. Males present, but less numerous than females. Color: Light yellowish-green with patches of darker hue in dorsal region. Distribution: South Africa. Cultured in an aquarium from dried mud. flavescens Sars 1901 Size: Length of female 0.63 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: Argentina. Cultured in aquarium from dried mud. fuhrmani Mehes 1913 Size: Length of female 0.68 mm; height 0.41 mm. Males unknown. Color: Greenish-yellow. Distribution: Bogota, Colombia; Argentina. glabrata Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.87 mm. Males smaller than females. Color: Dark olivaceous. Distribution: South Africa. Cultured in an aquarium from dried mud. gregarina Sars 1924a (= C. triquetra G. W. Miiller) Size: Length of female 0.80 mm. ‘‘Male of somewhat smaller size.’’ Color: Dark brownish-green. Distribution: Union of South Afriea. hartwigi Miiller 1900 Size: Length of female 0.80 mm. Males unknown. Color: Slate gray. Distribution: Germany; Morocco. helvetica Kaufman 1892 Size: Length of female 0.62 mm; height 0.40 mm. Males unknown. Color: Green with three darker bands, the middle one imperfectly developed. Distribution: Switzerland. hirsuta Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.80 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: South Africa. inaudita Furtos 1936a Size: Length of female 0.72 mm; height 0.40 mm. Males unknown. Color: The color had been destroyed by a preservative. Distribution: Yucatan. lusatica Schifer 1943 Size: Length of female 0.64 mm; height 0.33 mm, Male unknown. Color: Yellowish-brown. Distribution: Morocco. 62 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington C. mexicana Furtos 1938 Size: Length of female 0.35-0.38 mm; height 0.25-0.26 mm. Males unknown. Color: ‘‘Undetermined due to action of preservatives on pigments.’’ Distribution: Yucatan. musquizensis Tressler 1954 Size: Length of female 0.70 mm; height 0.44 mm. Length of male 0.62 mm; height 0.41 mm. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: Texas. niagraensis Furtos 1936a Size: Length of female 0.58 mm; height 0.35 mm. Males unknown. Color: ‘‘Three dorso-lateral bands of dark hue.’’ Distribution: Yucatan. obscura Sars 1901 Size: Length of female 0.70 mm. Males unknown. Color: Dark green with darker shadows, but without well formed bands. Distribution: Argentina. Cultured in an aquarium from dried mud. ochracea Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.78 mm. Males unknown. Color: Pale yellow. Distribution: South Africa. okeechobei Furtos 1936b Size: Length of female 0.64 mm; height 0.40 mm. Length of male 0.58 mm; height 0.37 mm. Color: Light yellow with three dark-green dorso-lateral bands. Distribution: Florida. phantomensis Tressler 1954 Size: Length of male 0.64 mm; height 0.44 mm. Females not observed. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: Texas. pincta (Strauss 1821) Size: Length of female 0.60 mm. Males unknown. Color: Green with three lateral gray bands. Distribution: France. pingwis Sars 1901 Size: Length of female 0.80 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: Argentina. Cultured in an aquarium from dried mud. potamis Tressler 1954 Size: Length of female 0.60 mm; height 0.40 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: Texas. A Synopsis of the Ostracod (Crustacea) 63 punctata Sars 1924b Size: Length of female 0.70 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: Southwest Africa. pygmaea Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.45 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: South Africa. Cultured in an aquarium from dried mud. pyramidata Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.59 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: South Africa. reniformis Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.80 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: South Africa. rhomboidea Furtos 1936a Size: Length of female 0.68 mm; height 0.40 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: Yucatan. spinifera Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.80 mm. Males present, but in smaller numbers than females. Color: Dark green. Distribution: Union of South Africa. striolata Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.54 mm. Males unknown. Color: Dark Green. Distribution: Cultured in an aquarium from dried mud. South Africa. tonsa Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.78 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: South Africa. toyensis Tressler 1954 Size: Length of female 0.61 mm; height 0.34 mm. Males unknown. Color: Reddish-brown. Distribution: Texas. trigonella Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.63 mm. Males unknown. Color: Light green with a distinct orange tinge on posterior por- tion of shell; the orange color is due to ripe ova. Distribution: South Africa. Cultured in an aquarium from dried mud, tumidula Sars 1924a Size: Length of female 0.58 mm; length of male 0.50 mm, 64 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Color: Not recorded. Distribution: South Africa. Cultured in an aquarium from dried mud. C. vidua (O. F. Miller 1776) Brady 1867 Size: Length of female 0.64-0.72 mm; height 0.40-0.45 mm. Males unknown. Color: Ground color green or white with dark green or black transverse bands. Distribution: Common throughout the Holarctic region, and also reported from the Neotropical. C. viduella Sars 1896 Size: Length of female 0.60 mm; height 0.30 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: Africa; Yucatan. C. yucatanensis Furtos 1936a Size: Length of female 0.35 mm; height 0.25 mm. ‘‘ Males slightly smaller than females.’’ Color: Destroyed by preservative. Distribution: Yucatan. Cypridopsis canadensis, n. sp. Figs. 1-4. Specific characters.—Female. Shell ovoid, tumid; height approximately three-fifths of the length; greatest height at or near the middle. Dorsal margin of the left valve evenly arched, ventral margin almost straight; anterior and posterior extremities broadly rounded. Dorsal margin of the right valve with sinuations anterior and posterior to the middle; extremities rounded; antero-ventral margin serrated; ventral margin slightly sinuated. Surfaces of valves with short hairs and puncta; submarginal line considerably removed from anterior extremity. Color gray, without transverse bands. Length 0.76 mm., height 0.46-0.47 mm. Natatory setae of second antennae barely reaching the tips of the end- claws. The proximal podomere of the mandibular palp with a dis- tinctive seta-bearing club. Male.—Unknown. Remarks.—The size, color, and shape of the valves, and the peculiar seta-bearing club of the mandibular palp constitute a group of char- acters that serve to distinguish Cypridopsis canadensis n. sp. from all other members of the genus. Type locality—C. canadensis n. sp. was collected by Dr. Richard W. Coleman on August 14, 1957 from a pool near Coop Petroleum Products, Southey, Saskatchewan, Canada. Type specimens. A stained microscopic mount of the holotype female and one paratype female preserved in ethyl alcohol are deposited in the United States National Museum. Catalogue numbers are for the holotype USNM 102576 and for the paratype USNM 102577. A Synopsis of the Ostracod (Crustacea) 65 PLATE Cypridopsis canadensis n. sp.—Drawings were made from a specimen stained with a 1% alcoholic solution of eosin Y and mounted in Canada balsam. Fig. 1. Antepenultimate, penultimate, and ultimate podomeres of second antenna. Fig. 2. Mandible with mandibular palp. Fig. 3. Mesial view of left valve. Fig. 4. Mesial view of right valve with ovary. 66 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington BIBLIOGRAPHY *The writer has not seen the originals of those references marked by an asterisk. Brady, G. 8. 1867. Synopsis of Recent British Ostracoda. Intellectual Observer, 110-130. 1867. Brady, G. S. and A. M. Norman. 1896. Monograph of the Marine and Freshwater Ostracoda of the north Atlantic and north-western Europe. Sec. II. Sci. Trans. Royal Dublin Soc., ser. 2. 5:621-746. *Costa 1852. Fauno del regno di Napoli. Deschiens, R., L. Lamy, and H. Lamy. 1953. Sur un Ostracode prédateur de Bullins et de Planorbes. Bull. de la Société de pathologie exotique, 46(6) :956-958. Furtos, Norma C. 1936a. On the Ostracoda from the Cenotes of Yucatan and Vicinity. Carnegie Inst. Wash., 457:89-115. 1936b. Fresh-water Ostracoda from Florida and North Carolina. Amer. Midl. Nat., 17:491-522. 1938. A New Species of Cypridopsis from Yucatan. Carnegie Inst. Wash., 491:155-157. Kaufmann, A. 1892. Die Ostracoden der Umgebung Berns. Mittlg. d. naturf. Ges. Bern. 1892. Klie, W. 1943. Ostracoden aus Morroco und Mauretanien. Zool. Anz., 143 (3/4): 49-62. *Mehes, G. 1913. Siisswasser Ostracoden aus Columbien und Argentinen. Bull. de la Soe. neuchateloise des sci. naturelle, 5:639-663. *Miiller, G. W. 1898. Die Ostracoden von Madagasear und Aldabra. Senck. Naturf. Gesell. Abh., 21:257-296. 1900. Deutschland Siisswasser-Ostracoden. Zoologica, Heft 30:1-112. 1912. Ostracoda. Das Tierreich, 31:1-434. Sars, G. Ossian. 1901. Contribution to the knowledge of the Fresh-water Entomo- straca of South America as shown by artificial hatching from dried material. Archiv. for Math. og Naturvidenskab, 24(1): 1-46. Part II Copepoda-Ostracoda. ag A Synopsis of the Ostracod (Crustacea) 67 1924a. The fresh-water Entomostraca of the Cape Province (Union of South Africa). II-Ostracoda. Ann. South African Mus., 20:105-193. 1924b. Contributions to a knowledge of the Fauna of South-west Africa. Ann. South African Mus., 20:195-211. _ Schafer, Hans W. «1943. Uber zwei neuen Arten de Siisswasser-Ostracoden. Zool. Anz., | 143 (9/10) :210-216. _ Straus, Hercule E. 1821. Memoire sur les Cypris, de la classe des ecrustacés. Memoire du Mus. d’Histoire Nat., 7:33-61. Tressler, Willis L. 1954. Fresh-water Ostracoda from Texas and Mexico. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sei., 44:138-149. Vol. 72, pp. 69-74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW TROGLODYTIC MILLIPEDS FROM TEXAS By Neui B. Causey Fayetteville, Arkansas Six, or possibly five, species of millipeds have been collected in Texas caves. Additional forms will certainly be discovered, for relatively little collecting has been done. These troglodytic millipeds are either cambalids or polydesmids and are not known to have close relatives in the nearby epigean habitats, where the dominant orders are Julida and Spriostreptida. The following summary includes the millipeds and the caves from which they have been collected: Eclomus specobius Chamberlin 1952 and Cambala caeca Loomis 1953, which possibly are synonyms (Loomis, 1953), from both Wyatt Cave and Felton Cave, Sutton County; Cambala sp. from Mayfield Cave, Sutton County; Cambala captiosa, n. sp., from Beck’s Ranch Cave, Williamson County; a small, eyeless cambaloid form, possibly epigean, of uncertain genus, from Big Mouth Cave, Wheeler County; Speodesmus echinourus Loomis 1939, from Prassel Ranch Cave, Kerr County, Ezell’s Cave, Hays County, a tentative determination (Chamberlin, 1952) from Wonder Cave, Hays County, Schneider Cave and Cascade Cave, Kendall County; and Speodesmus bicornourus, n. sp., from Beck’s Ranch Cave, Williamson County. Cambala captiosa, new species Figures 1-3 Diagnosis: An eyeless species closely resembling C. caeca, from which it ean be distinguished by the absence of a caudally produced margin on the posterior angle of the collum and by the presence of hooked setae on the apex of the coxa of the posterior gonopod. Type material: Male holotype, American Museum of Natural History; female and larval male paratypes in the author’s collection. Type locality: Beck’s Ranch Cave, Beck’s Ranch, 6 miles west of Round Rock, Williamson County, Texas, 1 ¢,1 92,1 larval ¢, Dee. 10, 1955, W. McAlister and D. Kyser. Range: Known only from the type locality. Description of male holotype: Length about 19 mm., width 1.5 mm.,, 41 segments, the last three legless. Dark brown in alcohol. Head smooth, without ocelli, the clypeus with 4 widely spaced setae 14—Proc, Biot. Soc. WASH., VoL. 72, 1959 (69) Sc LL re ec SMITHSONIAN P INSTITUTION JUL 2 : 1WO9 70 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington i j SEE lath OP ORs san OTA EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Cambala captiosa, n. sp., male holotype. Fig. 1. Collum, left lateral view. Fig. 2. Right anterior gonopod, ventral view. Fig. 3. Left posterior gonopod, lateral view. Speodesmus bicornourus, n. sp., male holotype. Fig. 4. Sixteenth body segment, dorsal view. Fig. 5. Anal scale. Fig. 6. Right gonopod, posterior view. el Two New Troglodytic Millipeds from Texas 71 and the labrum with about 14. Antennae thickened, the second segment almost twice as long as broad and segments 5 and 7 broader than long; segments in order of decreasing length 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 7. Collum as long as the next three segments combined; from a lateral view (fig. 1) the posterior margin appears almost straight; the lateral margin is slightly raised from the level of the dorsal ridge of the antennal furrow to the posterior angle; a few very indistinct horizontal triae can be seen on the posterior margin above the posterior angle. Segment 7 is approximately one-half broader than the second through the sixth segments. Tergites of the first three and the last segment are entirely smooth above; each of the remaining segments has six conspicuous dorsal crests and about 12 much less distinct crests and striae on the lateral and ventral sur- faces; dorsal crests of segment 4 not as well developed as those of the following segments; segment 2 with a small lateral crest at about the level of the posterior angle of the collum; segments 2 and 3 with a few faintly indicated striae on the lateral and ventral surfaces. Pore crests begin on segment 5 and continue through penultimate segment and are typically the same height and length as the four plain dorsal crests; anterior half of pore crests about four times as broad as posterior half and slightly higher. Anal tergite as long as the two preceding segments, its apex not extending beyond the anal valves; anal valves smooth, in- flated; preanal scale broad. First legs composed of 5 segments, the basal one with an acute lateral lobe, the distal one with a terminal claw. Segments 3 and 4 of legpairs 6 and 7 inflated and rounded on the ventral surface. Apex of anterior gonopod (fig. 2) longer and more sharply curved than in C. caeca. Apex of coxa of posterior gonopod (fig. 3) with several hooked setae and the short telopodite with numerous short prickles on the apical half, distinguishing this species from C. caeca. Female paratype: Length about 23 mm., width 1.9 mm., 50 segments, the last one legless. Arrangement of crests and other somatic characters as in the male. Cambala sp. Record: Mayfield Cave, Sonora, Sutton County, Texas, 1 mutilated specimen of undetermined sex, Feb. 9, 1957, Ross Gurner. Width 1.5 mm., 2 legless segments, collum as in C. caeca, which has been collected in nearby caves. Speodesmus bicornourus, new species Figures 4-6 Diagnosis: Distinguished from S. echinowrus by its larger body, longer legs, shorter setae on the dorsum, and the presence of only two setae on the preanal scale. Type material: Male holotype and female paratype, American Museum of Natural History; remaining male and female paratypes in the au- thor’s collection. Type locality: Beck’s Ranch Cave, Beck’s Ranch, 6 miles west of 72 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Round Rock, Williamson County, Texas, 3 6, 4 2, Dec. 10, 1955, W. MeAlister and D. Kyser. Range: Known only from the type locality. Description of male holotype: Length about 19 mm., width 1.2 mm., length of antennae about 3 mm. Color in alcohol pale yellow-gray. Body loose-jointed. Collum almost as broad as head, its anterio-lateral margin semicircular and its posterior margin very slightly concave; lateral margin slightly irregular and without well defined teeth; anterio-lateral margin with 14 setiferous tubercles; one-third of the way back from the anterior margin there is an irregular row of 8 setiferous tubercles, and two-thirds of the way back is another irregular row of 8. Surface between tubercles smooth on all segments. Metatergite of second segment rectangular, as broad as any of the other tergites, its lateral margin with about 7 irregular teeth. Metatergites of segments 3 and 4 slightly longer and broader than collum, their anterior angles, as on all of the following metatergites, are rounded and the lateral margins have 3 setose teeth and one or two indistinct teeth without setae. On succeeding segments the anterior angles of the metatergites are more broadly rounded, the posterior angles are more acutely produced behind the posterior margin, and the lateral teeth are minute. Ratio of length to width of metatergite of segment 8 about 3/4; on more posterion segments it is about 8/9 ,fig. 4). Metatergites 2 through 19 each with 3 transverse rows of setose tubercles, with from 8 to 12 in the first and second rows and 6 in the row on the caudal margin; on segments 2 through 5 all three rows are almost straight; from segment 6 on back the first row is strongly bowed and the second row is moderately bowed. Pore formula normal. Pores open on the dorsal surface of the metatergites near the third setigerous tooth. Typical legs are about 3 mm. long, slender, with the ratio of the length of the segments, beginning with the first, as follows: 3, 10, 24, 8, 9, 27. The first and second legspairs are one-half and two-thirds the length of typical legs, respectively. Other legs anterior to the gonopods are slightly shortened. No tubercles were observed on the legs. In situ, the solenomerite of the gonopod is contiguous with its mate in the middle line. The retrorse lateral spine seems to be nearer the apex of the telopodite than in EH. echinourus, which I have not seen; the solenomerite is a relatively short branch and the opening of the seminal canal is minutely fringed (fig. 6). Specodesmus echinourus Record: Ezell’s Cave, San Marcos, Hays County, Texas, 1 9, 1 larval é, Mar. 25, 1937, Ottys Sanders. In this species the body is much smaller, the legs are shorter, the dorsal setae longer and more numerous, and the lateral teeth distinctly sharper than in S. bicornourus. I am indebted to Dr. T. C. Barr, Jr., and to Mr. Ottys Sanders for the specimens used in the preparation of this paper. oo $$$ Lo k | | | ‘ - Chamberlin, meV. : 4 _ Two New Troglodytic Millipeds from Texas 73 REFERENCES CITED 1952. Three cave-dwelling Millipeds. Ent. News, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 10-12. 1952. Eclomus nom. nov. (Diplopoda). Ibid., vol. 63, no. 3, p. 71. tenis H. F. 1939. The millipeds collected in Appalachian caves by Mr. Kenneth Dearolf. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 165-193, 14 figs. 1953. New millipeds of the Western States and haa California. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 417-422, 20 figs. 74 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington w.0675 Vol. 72, pp. 75-78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A SECOND SPECIES OF THE MILLIPED GENUS TRIGENOTYLA (CHORDEUMIDEA: CONOTYLIDAE: TRICHOPETALINAE: SCOTERPINI) By NELL B. CAUSEY Fayetteville, Arkansas 1 The segmentation of the basal region of the posterior gonopod offers a convenient basis for dividing the family | Conotylidae into natural groups. The trend in the evolution of this gonopod from a 7-segmented walking leg is toward a structure composed of only two thickened, elongated segments. This has been brought about by the fusion of the three basal segments and by the degeneration of the three distal segments or by fusion of part of them with the fourth segment, the femur. The North American subfamilies of the Conotylidae are the Cono- tylinae, in which the basal segment of the posterior gonopod is a short coxa with a gland opening and conspicuous processes; and the Tricho- petaline, in which the basal segment is an elongated coxoprefemur. In the tribe Trichopetalini a small, rounded coxal lobe and the opening of the coxal gland are on the mesial surface of the coxoprefemur. In the tribe Scoterpini two membranous pieces extend from the base of the coxoprefemur across the sternum to the opposite coxoprefemur; the anterior extension is a continuous band and the posterior one is a coxal lobe that is contiguous with its mate in the midline; the opening of the coxal gland is at the apex of the coxal lobe. The two genera included in the Scoterpini, Scoterpes and Trigenotyla, resemble the Trichopetalini in the long segmental setae, the small body, the absence or almost complete absence of body pigment, and in the structure of the anterior gonopods. The resttelopodite (This name was used by Verhoeff for the region of the gonopod beyond the coxoprefemur.) consits of one elongated segment in the epigean genus Trigenotyla, while in the troglodytie genus Scoterpes it consists of one elongated segment, which is the femur, and two or three degenerate terminal segments. The presence of segments beyond the femur is a primitive character that is found in the family Conotylidae only in the genus Scoterpes. Natural selection 15—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasuH., VoL. 72, 1959 (75) SMITH 76 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington within caves has favored the retention of the terminal segments, while they were lost in epigean forms. In the tribe Trichopetalini, the resttelopodite consists of only one segment in all known members, including the troglodytic genus Zygonopus. This suggests that Zygonopus became a troglodyte after the reduction of the posterior gonopod to two segments had occurred. Genus Trigenotyla Trigenotyla Causey, 1951, Proce. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol 64, p. 118. Generotype: T. parca Causey 1951. Other species: JT. vaga, n. sp. Craspedosoma flavidwm Bollman 1888 may be congeneric with these species. Range: Trigenotyla parca has been collected in Carroll, Washington, and Madison Counties, Arkansas, and TZ. vaga in Latimer County, Oklahoma. Body 6 to 7 mm. long, weakly pigmented; no promentum; ocelli in about three irregular rows that form a triangular patch; antennae clavate, about as long as the width of the body; paranota small, the anterior angle rounded; length of segmental satae about four-tenths the body width, set in a very slightly curved oblique row on most segments, the distance between the two internal setae of a segment usually more than three times the distance between the external and internal setae; segmental setae shorter, finer, and more widely sepa- rated across the dorsum than in Scoterpes; sixth leg-pair with segments 3 and 4 slightly thickened and bowed. Anterior gonopod with a medial group of three setae and a lateral group of several setae; the elongated coxite is deeply bifid; the pseudoflagellum is either plumose or mem- branous. The posterior gonopod is composed of two segments; the basal segment is prolonged ventrad beyond its articulation with the smaller second segment; the coxal lobe extends mesiad from the base of the coxoprefemur to the middle of the sternum, and a continuous membranous band connects the two prefemurs. Key to the Species of Trigenotyla, Based on ‘he Male Both branches of the coxite of the anterior gonopod are narrow; one margin of the anterior branch is irregularly toothed. Psendoflagellum, plumose. 2s ee parca Anterior branch of the coxite of the anterior gonopod is narrowly elongated and both margins are even; the posterior branch is broadly lamellar and divided into three short lobes at the apex. Pseudoflagellum broad and membranous _____-_- vaga, Nn. sp. Trigenotyla vaga, new species Figures 1 and 2 Diagnosis: Distinguished from TY. parca by the anterior gonopod, which has the anterior branch of the coxite narrowly attenuated and the posterior branch broadly lamellar. Type locality: A river ravine, Latimer County, Oklahama, 1 ¢, Dec. 9, 1933, collected by J. R. Carpenter. A Second Species of the Milliped Genus qT Explanation of Figures Trigenotyla vaga, new species, male holotype. Figure 1. Anterior gonopods, anterior view. Figure 2. Left anterior gonopod, lateral view. a-anterior branch of coxite; b-posterior branch of coxite; e-coxa; ch- cheirite; p-pseudoflagellum; t-telopodite. Type material: Male holotype in American Museum of Natural History. Range: Known only from the type locality. Description of male holotype: Length about 6.5 mm., greatest width 1 mm. Color amber, possibly modified by having been dry. Ocelli in a triangular area on a brown background, in irregular rows of 7, 5 (4), 2. Paranota and arrangement of setae as in JT. parca. Tarsi of legpairs 3, 4, and 5 with a row of setae with minute bladders at the apex. Sixth legpair with segments 3 and 4 slightly thickened and bowed. No lobes observed on seventh legpair. Coxae of legpairs 10 and 11 with the usual coxal gland openings. Anterior gonopod (Figures 1 and 2) with the coxite deeply bifid, the anterior branch elongated, evenly attenuated, and bent caudad; and the posterior branch large, lamellar, with three stout teeth at the apex. Coxal setae straight, a group of three near the median line and another group of six near the ventral margin. Telopodite much nar- rower and shorter than the coxa; its pseudoflagellum is as large as the posterior branch of the coxite and in the form of an irregular mem- brane on which a few fibrillae can be seen. Cheirite narrowed, its apex not reaching to the ventral margin of the coxa, Posterior gonopod as in J. parca. | Proceedings of the Biol be z 0 673 Vol. 72, pp. 79-92 July 24, 1959 PROCEEDINGS (PNAS OF THE iy BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON WIBRARLYA SNAKES OF THE CHILPANCINGO REGION, MEXICO By WiuuiAM B. Davis AND JAMES R. DIXON Department of Wildlife Management, Texas A & M College College Station, Texas In the course of biological investigations carried on by the senior author and his students in the Mexican state of Guer- rero from 1952 to 1958, 283 snakes were assembled from the Chilpancingo region. These represent 42 species, five of which have not been reported previously from that area. Although we concentrated heavily on the herpetofauna, we failed to take 19 species that had been reported by other workers in the area. Our efforts were concentrated in the vicinity of Acahuizotla, a small village about 30 km. south of Chilpancingo, but we made numerous trips to localities within a radius of 50 miles. Physiography and Vegetation. The main topographic features of cen- tral Guerrero have been produced by erosion and voleanism. The most conspicuous feature of the area is the Sierra Madre del Sur which trends in a general east-west direction in conformity with the shape of the continental mass. The Balsas Basin, which borders the study area on the north, was formed by the Rio Balsas, the major river of Guerrero. Within the basin proper the seasons are rather distinct. The rainy season is extremely short, lasting mainly from June through September, but sporadie rains occur in October and November. The rains fall primarily in late afternoon and at night. They are usually of short duration but often torrential. Daytime temperatures are hot throughout most of the year. The vegetation is xeric and sparse in most areas but becomes more luxuriant at higher elevations. The mountains of the Sierra Madre del Sur form an effective barrier to prevailing winds from the Pacific and their north side is compara- tively drier than the south. Consequently, the Tropical Deciduous For- est is composed of two types; the xeric, which lies on the northern slopes of the sierra, and the mesic, which occupies the southern slopes. The elevations at which the various vegetation types occur are about 2000 feet lower on the southern slopes and the ecotone between the tropical deciduous and pine-oak forests is not as distinct as that on the northern slopes. Of the 61 forms of snakes occurring in the region, more than half (34) are confined to one of four vegetation types (Fig. 1); 27 oceur in two or more types (Fig. 2). 16—Proc. Biot. Soc, WASH., VoL, 72, 1959 (79) SMITHSON] INSTT 80 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99°30" A cLoup Forest JTROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST PINE-OAK FOREST _ [|[] ARID TROPICAL SCRUB FIGURE I. Figure 1. Vegetational map of the Chilpancingo Region. The numbers are sites at or near wich specimens have been taken. (1) Almolonga (= Amula), (2) Acahuizotla, (3) Agua del Obispo, (4) Amojileea, (5) Balsas Norte, (6) Chapolapa, (7) Chilpancingo, (8) Colotlipa, (9) Cuapongo, (10) Mazatlan, (11) Mazatlan Logging Camp, (12) Mexcala, (13) Omilteme, (14) Quechultenango, (14) Rineén, (16) Tierra Colorada, (17) Tixtla, (18) Xaltianguis, (19) Zumpango. is Snakes of the Chilpancingo Region, Mexico 81 The following accounts of species are based on specimens collected by field parties of the Department of Wildlife Management and de- posited in the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection (TCWC). Family TYPHLOPIDAE Jan Typhlops braminus (Daudin) TCWC (5), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft., (4); 1 mi. SW Colotlipa, 2800 ft., (1). Seales from rostral to tip of tail, 303- 322, mean 313; scale rows at mid-body, 20; supralabials, 4—4 (4), 3—3 (1); each seale with minute brown stippling. Other records: Chilpancingo (Shreve, 1938; Taylor, 1940a); Agua del Obispo (Smith, 1943; Taylor, 1940a); ca. Xaltianguis (Taylor, 1940a). Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli (Oliver) TCWC (5), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft., (2); 2 mi. W. Colotlipa, 2700 ft., (1); 1 mi. SW Colotlipa, 2800 ft., (2). Seale rows at mid-body, 14; ventrals, 221-246, mean 236; caudals, 11- 20, mean 14.8; supralabials, 4—4; infralabials, 4—5 (1), 5—5 (2), 6—6 (2). Other record: Acahuizotla (Smith, 1943). CLOUD FOREST (6.5%) BEES PINE-OAK FOREST (11.3%) TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST (35.5%) CLOUD AND PINE-OAK FORESTS (3.1%) § ARID TROPICAL SCRUB (1.6%) PINE-OAK, TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS(33.9%) PINE-OAK, TROP, DEC, FORS. AND ARID TROP. SCRUB (1.6%) ae. | TROP. DEC. FOR. AND ARID TROP. SCRUB (6.5%) a. . t- ' + | + | os & ¢€ S10 m 4 8 18 20 22 (NUMBER OF FORMS) FIGURE 2 Figure 2. Bar graph showing the distribution of snakes in the Chilpan- cingo region according to vegetation types. Note that the bottom four bars include two or more vegetation types; the top four, a single vegeta- tion type. 82 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Family BOIDAE Gray Constrictor constrictor imperator (Daudin) TCWC (13), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. Acahui- zotla, 2800 ft., (5); ca. Colotlipa, 2800 ft., (2); 5 mi. SE Tierra Colorada, 1000 ft., (1); Xaltianguis, 1600 ft., (1); ca. Agua del Obispo, 3300 ft., (5). Seale rows at mid-body, 61—76, base of tail, 37—42; ven- trals of males, 237—239, mean 238, of females, 229—249, mean 238.4; eaudals of males, 64—67, mean 65.7, of females, 52—62, mean 56.3; supralabials, 18—21; infralabials, 21—25; total length of largest specimen, 2030 mm., smallest, 482 mm. This species exhibited the greatest amount of variation of all of the forms examined. Family PYTHONIDAE Cope Loxocemus sumichrasti (Bocourt) TCWC (1 female), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizolta, 2800 ft. Seale formula, 30—31—25; ventrals, 263; caudals, 43; supralabials, 10—11; infralabials, 12—12; preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 3—3; tem- porals, 3+-4 on each side. Our specimen is similar to those taken near Acapuleo by Taylor (1940b). Family COLUBRIDAE Dunn Clelia clelia clelia (Daudin) TCWC (2), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. The two specimens, both females, definitely establish the presence of this race in the Pacific subregion of southwestern Mexico. According to Smith and Taylor (1945), this race previously was known from only five localities in Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz, and Yucatan. Our specimens show no approach to the color ascribed to the northern race immaculata in Colima and Jalisco. Each of the dorsal scales is distinctly dark-tipped. Seale formula, 17—17—17; ventrals, 221, 228; caudals, 75, 84; supralabials, 7—7; infralabials, 8—8, preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 2—2; temporals, 2+3 on each side; loreal distinct, longer than high; total length, 686, 495 mm. Coniophanes fissidens dispersus (Smith) TCWC (1 male), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. Scale formula, 19—19—15; ventrals, 123; caudals, 75; supralabials, 8—8; infralabials, 9—9; preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 2—2; temporals, 14-2 +3 on each side. Our specimen differs from the description of the type and paratype mainly in the paucity of white in the region of the nape, dark stripes strongly evident only on the tail; two white spots on each side of the neck, rather than one. Conophis vittatus vidwus (Cope) TCWC (9), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (3); Agua del Obispo, 3300 ft. (1); ca. Colotlipa, 2700 ft. (5). Differences between specimens from the Chilpancingo region and a series of C. vittatus vittatus from the vicinity of Acapulco are as follows: ee Snakes of the Chilpancingo Region, Mexico 83 Chilpancingo Area Acapuleo Ventrals (7) Male 161—164 (M—162.0) (7) 149—156 (M—152.4) (2) Female 163, 168 (2) 157,159 Caudals (7) Male 64—71 (M—66.3) (7) 65—67 (M—66.0) (2) Female 63, 65 (2) 60, 62 Previous to this study, C. vittatus vidwus was known only from the vicinity of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. The aforementioned series extends the range of vittatus viduus some 300 airline miles west northwest. Dryadophis melanolomus stuarti (Smith) TCWC (3), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (2); Agua del Obispo, 3300 ft. (1). Seale formula, 17—17—15; ventrals of male, 182, of females, 187, 188; caudals of male, 120, of females, 113, 114; supralabials, 9—9; infralabials, 10—11 (2), 11—11 (1); preoculars, 1—1 (2), 2—2 (1); postoculars, 2—2; temporals, 2+2 on each side. Drymarchon corais rubidus (Smith) TCWC (4 males), Tropical Deciduous Forest. 2 mi. SW Colotlipa, 2700 ft. (1); Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (2); Tixtla, 4300 ft. (1). Seale formula, 19—17—15; ventrals, 199—201 (M—199.8); eaudals, 72—77 (M—75.0); supralabials, 8—8; infralabials, 8—8 (1), 8—9 (2), 9—9 (2); preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 2—2; temporals, 2+2. Other record: ca. Chilpancingo (Hall, 1951). Drymobius margaritiferus fistulosus (Smith) TCWC (17), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (13); ca. Colotlipa, 2700 ft. (2); ca. Tierra Colorada, 1000 ft. (2). Seale formula, 17—17—15; ventrals of males, 143—150 (M—147.0), of females, 147— 153 (M—149.6); caudals of males, 130—138 (M—134.6), of females, 126—131 (M—128.0); supralabials, 9—9 (15), 9—10 (2); infralabials, 9—10 (1); 10—10 (12), 10—11 (2), 11—11 (2); preoculars, 1—1; post- oculars, 2—2; temporals, 2+2 on each side. Other records: Tierra Colorada, Ocotito (Smith, 1942b). Elaphe triaspis intermedia (Boettger) TCWC (13), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. Acahui- zotla, 2800 ft. (10); Agua del Obispo, 3300 ft. (1); 1 mi. SW Tixtla, 4500 ft. (1); 4 mi. N. El Ocotito, 2400 ft. (1). Seale formula, 27—31 —21 to 33—35—25, more commonly 29—35—21; ventrals of males, 242—260 (M—252.3), of females, 267—282 (M—275.7); caudals of males, 108—124 (M—118.8), of females, 85—107 (M—94.5); suprala- bials, 8—8 (6), 8—9 (6), 9—9 (1); infralabials, 10—11 (5), 11—11 (5); 11—12 (2), 12—12 (1); preoculars, 0—0O (1), 1—1 (11), 1—2 (1); postoculars, 2—2; temporals, 2+5 to 3+5, more commonly 3+-4. Other records: ca. Chilpancingo (Hall, 1951); Amula (Giinther, 1894). 84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Enulius unicolor (Fischer) TCWC (2 males), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. 4 mi, W. Chilpancingo, 5800 ft. (1); Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (1). Seale formula, 17—17—17; ventrais, 166, 175, caudals, 87, 104; supralabials, 7-—-7; infralabials, 7—7, 7—8; no preoculars; postoculars, 2—2; tem- porals, 1+2 on each side. The male from 4 mi. W. Chilpancingo differs from the series discussed by Taylor (1940b), in having a lower com- bination of ventrals and caudals, 270, rather than 280 or more. Other record: Agua del Obispo (Taylor, 1940b). , Geophis omiltemana (Ginther ) TCWC (2), Humid Pine-oak Forest. 1 mi. W. Omilteme, 7800 ft. Seale formula, 17—17—17; ventrals of male, 158, of females, 160; caudals of male, 48, of female, 42; supralabials, 6—6; infralabials, 7—7; no preoculars; postoculars, 2—2; temporals, 1+2 on each side. The verte- bral and two paravertebral scale rows of the male are faintly keeled. Other records: Omilteme (Giinther, 1893; Smith, 1943). Lampropeltis doliata blanchardi (Stuart) TCWC (5), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. ca. Colotlipa, 2700 ft. (2); 10 km. SW Chilpancingo, 4500 ft: ();" 2:5 mi. S. Almolonga, 5600 ft. (2). Seale formula, 23—21—19; ventrals of males, 211, 212 (2), of females, 208, 211; caudals of males, 54 (2), 55, of females, 51, 48; supralabials, 7—7; infralabials, 9—9; preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 2—2; temporals, 2+3 on each side. This series differs from a series examined by Hall (1951) in having all infralabials 9—9, rather than 8+8. Other records: ca. Chilpancingo (Gadow, 1905; Hall, 1951); Tierra Colorada, Amula (Smith and Taylor, 1945). Leptodeira septentrionalis polysticta (Giinther) TCWC (4), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (3); Agua del Obispo, 3300 ft. (1). These specimens are dis- cussed in detail by Dueliman (1958). Other record: Agua del Obispo (Smith, 1943). Leptodeira latifasciata (Ginther ) TCWC (2), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. In our two immature specimens, the male has eight white rings on the body and four on the tail; in the female, seven and three, respectively. The nape and posterior part of the head back of the eyes are orange in color; the black bands are about three times ag wide as the white ones. Other records: Rio Balsas (Boulenger, 1905; Gadow, 1905); El Naranjo (Taylor, 1938). Leptodeira annulata cussiliris (Duellman) TCWC (14), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. Acahui- zotla, 2800 ft. (9); 4 mi. W. Chilpancingo, 5800 ft. (1); 5 mi. SW Tierra Colorada, 1000 ft. (1); Rineén, 2500 ft. (2); 4 mi. N. Ocotito, 2600 ft. (1). This series is discussed in detail by Duellman (1958). Other records: ca. Chilpancingo, Tierra Colorada, Agua del Obispo (Smith, 1943; Duellman, 1958); Mazatlan (Taylor, 1938); Omilteme, Xaltianguis (Duellman, 1958). Se ee ene Snakes of the Chilpancingo Region, Mexico 85 Manolepis putnami (Jan) TCWC (8), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. Scale formula, 19—19—15; ventrals of males, 170, 173, of females, 179—182 (M—180.7); caudals of males, 74, 80, of females, 65—68 (M—66.6) ; supralabials, 8—8; infralabials, 10—10; preoeulars, 1—1; postoculars, 2—2; temporals, 1+2+3 on each side. This series differs from those reported on from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, by Werler and Smith (1952) in having 10 infralabials, rather than 9; ventral coloration of males identical to that of females rather than immaculate; dorsal color of females brownish rather than gray; brown line on first seale row distinet rather than broken and ill defined; chin, throat, and venter to 17th ventral black, rather than chin only black. There is much less sexual dichromatism in our series than that of the Tehuantepec popula- tion. Masticophis flagellum lineatus (Bocourt) TCWC (17), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. ca. Chilpancingo, 4500 ft. (2); Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (5); 3 mi. S. Pet- aquillas, 4800 ft. (1); 1 mi. SW Colotlipa, 2700 ft. (3); ca. Mazatlan, 4400 ft. (1); Palo Blanco, 3000 ft. (1); 2.5 mi. S. Almolonga, 5600 ft. (4). Seale formula, 19—17—13; ventrals of males, 182-193 (M— 187.0), of females, 189-197 (M—193.6); caudals of males, 116-133 (M—124.0), of females, 115-125 (M—119.7); supralabials, 8—8 (15), 8—9 (2); infralabials, 9—10 (1), 10—10 (14), 10—11 (1), 11—11 (1); preoculars, 2—2; postoculars, 2—2 (16), 2—3 (1); temporals, 2+3+3 (16), 14+2-+3 (1) on each side. Other records: ca. Chilpancingo (Hall, 1951); Amula (Boulanger, 1893). Oxybelis aeneus auratus (Bell) TCWC (9), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. Scale formula, 17—17—13; ventrals of males, 190, 192, of females, 189—195 (M—192.3); caudals of males, 177, 188, of females, 171—190 (M— 179.0); supralabials, 8--8 (8), 8—9 (1); infralabials, 8—9 (2), 9—9 (4), 9—10 (2), 10—10 (1); preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 1—1 (1), 2—2 (8); temporals, 1+2 on each side. Our largest specimen measured 1368 mm., smallest, 1148 mm. Other records: ca. Chilpancingo (Hall, 1951); 6 km. N. Chilpancingo (Taylor, 1941). Pituophis deppei lineaticollis (Cope) TCWC (2 males), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. Scale formula, 27—27—21; ventrals, 238, 239; caudals, 69, 66+-; supralabials, 8—8; infralabials, 11—12; preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 2—2; tem- porals, 14+-2+3 on each side. Other records: Omilteme (Stull, 1940); Chilpancingo (Smith and Taylor, 1945). Rhadinaca aemula (Bailey) TOCWC (2), Dry Pine-oak Forest. 2.5 mi, 8. Almolonga, 5600 ft. Seale formula, 17—17—17; ventrals of male, 158, of female, 169; ecaudals of male, 50+, of female, 106; supralabials 8—8, 8—9; infralabials, 10—10; preoculars, 1—1, 2—2; postoculars, 2—2, 2—3; temporals, 1+2+3 on 86 Proceedings of the Biological Socmety of Washington each side. The female differs from the male in having a black dot on the outer edge of each ventral forming an inconspicuous line; the area below the black lateral line is stippled with black rather than clear white. Other records: Omilteme, Mountains near Chilpancingo, Amula (Bailey, 1940). Rhadinaea hesperia hesperia (Bailey) TCWC (3), Pine-oak Forest. Mountains west of Acahuizotla, 3500 ft. (1); Agua del Obispo, 3300 ft. (2). Seale formula, 17—17—17; ventrals of males, 149, 147, of female, 163; caudals of males, 120, 59+, of fe- male, 97; supralabials, 8—8; infralabials, 9—9 (2), 9—10 (1); pre- oculars, 1—2 (1), 2—2 (2); postoculars, 2—2 (2), 3—3 (1); temporals, 1+2 on each side. The loreal scale is present in all three specimens. Other records: 5 mi. N. Chilpancingo (Smith, 1942c); Omilteme, Moun- tains near Chilpancingo, Chilpancingo, Amula (Bailey, 1940). Salvadora intermedia intermedia (Hartweg) TCWC (3), Pine-oak Forest. 4 mi. W. Chilpancingo, 6000 ft. (2); 2.5 mi. S. Almolonga, 5000 ft. (1). Scale formula, 17—15—13; ventrals of males, 177, 181, of female, 194; caudals of males, 102, 105, of female, 100; supralabials, 8—8; infralabials, 10+10; preoculars, 2—2; post- oculars, 2—2 (2), 2—3 (1); temporals, 2+3 on each side. The female from Almolonga differs from all other known specimens of intermedia in having 194 ventrals rather than 182 or less. Other records: Chilpan- cingo (Hartweg, 1940); Amula (Boulenger, 1896). Salvadora mexicana (Dumeril, Bibron, and Dumeril) TCWC (14), Tropical Deciduous Forest and Arid Tropical Serub. 1 mi. SW Colotlipa, 2700 ft. (2); ca. Tierra Colorada, 1000 ft. (7); Acahui- zotla, 2800 ft. (3); Mexcala, 1700 ft. (2). Scale formula, 17—17—13; ventrals of males, 185—189 (M—187.0), of females, 188—193 (M— 190.5); caudals of males, 124—142 (M—132.1), of females, 124—129 (M—126.0); supralabials, 8—9 (1), 9—9 (13); infralabials, 10—11 (1), 11—11 (12), 11—12 (1); preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 2—2 (13), 2—3 (1); temporals, 2+1+2 (9), 2+2+2 (5) on each side. This species is common in the Chilpancingo region. This series was taken from rock walls, under rocks, in tall grass, and in trees. Two specimens were found on the highway, near Mexeala, stuck to freshly poured asphalt. Sibon nebulatus (Linnaeus) TCWC (1 male), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. Seale formula, 15—15—15; ventrals, 181; caudals, 91; supralabials, 7—7; infralabials, 10O—10; preoculars, 0—0; postoculars, 2—3; temporals, 1+2 on each side. This specimen differs from the male discussed by Taylor (1940b), in having 10 infralabials rather than eight. Other record: Palo Gordo (Taylor, 1940b). Stenorrhina freminvilli freminvilli (Dumeril, Bibron, and Dumeril) TCWC (18); Tropical Deciduous Forest. 1 mi. SW Colotlipa, 2700 ft. (2); Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (16). This series of specimens is composed of two distinct forms. One, which agrees with the description of S. f. lactea Cope, is reddish above and pinkish below, with a distinct dark stripe through the eye and usually a faint, brownish mid-dorsal stripe. Snakes of the Chilpancingo Region, Mexico 87 The other series, which agrees with the description of S. f. freminvilli, is grayish brown with five distinct blackish brown stripes. It is difficult for us to conceive of lactea as a subspecies of S. freminvilli because both forms occur together in relative abundance in central Guerrero without intergrading. A synopsis of the number of ventrals and caudals of the two forms is as follows: freminvilli Ventrals ‘“lactea’’ 165—169 (M—167.4) males 164—171 (M—167.3) 170—176 (M—172.0) females 170—175 (M—173.2) Caudals 36—40 (M—38.2) males 39—40 (M—39.7) 30—34 (M—32.8) females 31—34 (M—32.7) The two forms appear to be nothing more than color phases. We feel that lactea does not merit subspecific status and that it should be sub- merged as a synonym of the subspecies S. f. freminvilli. Tantilla bocourti (Giinther) TCWC (3), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (2); Agua del Obispo, 3300 ft. (1). Seale formula, 15—15—15; ventrals of males, 176, 177, of female, 184; caudals of males, 43, 51, of female, 41; supralabials, 7—7; infralabials, 6—6 (1), 6—7 (1), 7—7 (1); preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 2—2 (2), 2—3 (1); temporals, 1+1 (2), 1+2 (1) on each side. The three specimens fall within the range of variation given by Taylor (1940b). Other record: Omilteme (Smith, 1942a). Tantilla coronadoi (Hartweg) TCWC (1), Tropical Deciduous Forest. 3 mi. W. Chilpancingo, 5000 ft. This young male is seemingly the second known specimen of this species. In sealation, it corresponds in most respects with Hartweg’s (1944) description of the type, which also came from near Chilpancingo, in- cluding the relation of the seventh supralabial to the parietal and the consequent absence of the posterior temporal. The color pattern, however, seems to differ from the type specimen. Superficially, there are three dark longitudinal stripes, most pronounced in the neck region, but under a lens, nine distinct dark stripes are evident. The lateral stripe involves mainly the third and adjacent half of the fourth scale rows as in the type. A distinct whitish spot is evident on each side between the dorsal and lateral stripes, involving the first five scales posterior to the parietals and suggesting the ‘‘beginning’’ of a white nuchal collar. A faint light line proceeds forward from each spot along the outer edges of the parietals and prefrontals to converge with the adjoining line on the internasals. Scale formula, 15—15—15; ventrals, 160; caudals, 35; supra- labials, 7—7; infralabials, 6—6; preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 2—2 (lower one minute); temporals, 1—1; seventh supralabial in contact with parietal; total length, 174 mm.; length of tail, 28 mm. The specimen was found under a rock on the dry, rocky, slopes of the mountains between Chilpancingo and Amojileca. The vegetation there is primarily chaparral and grasses. 88 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Thalerophis diplotropis (Giimther) TCWC (8), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (6); 5 mi W. Acahuizotla, 3500 ft. (1); 2.5 mi. S. Almolonga, 5600 ft. (1). Seale formula, 15—15—11; ventrals of males, 163—172 (M—168.4), of females, 171—177 (M—173.3); caudals of males, 126— 154 (M—142.0), of females, 133—147 (M—140.0); supralabials, 8—8; infralabials, 9-10 (1), 10—10 (3), 10—11 (3), 11--11 (1); preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 2—2; temporals, 1+2 on each side. The male from Almolonga has fewer ventrals and caudals (163 and 126 respectively) and more infralabials (11) than normally found in this form. Other records: Ocotito, Chilpancingo (Oliver, 1948); Amula (Giinther, 1894). Toluca conica (Taylor and Smith) TCWC (19), Humid Pine-oak Forest. 2 mi. W. Omilteme, 8000 ft. Seale formula, 17—I17—17; ventrals of males, 120—125 (M—122.3), of females, 124—133 (M—129.5); caudals of males, 30—35 (M—82.7), of females, 21—28 (M—25.1); supralabials, 6—6 (4), 6—7 (2), 7—7 (11); infralabials, 6—6 (10), 6—7 (3), 7—7 (6); preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 1—1 (3), 2—2 (16); temporals, 1+2 on each side; loreal, 0—0O (16), 1—1 (3). This series does not differ significantly from the description of the type and paratypes given by Taylor (1940b). Other records: Between Rincén and Cajones, Agua del Obispo (Smith, 1943) ; Chilpancingo (Taylor, 1940b); Tierra Colorada, Gadow, 1905). Trimorphodon. biscutatus senirutus (Smith) TCWC (7 females), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (6); 1 mi. SW Colotlipa, 2700 ft. (1). Seale formula, 25—24—16 to 25—28—19; ventrals, 259—281 (M—272.1); caudals, 85—103 (M— 93.9); supralabials, 8—8 (2), 9—9 (5); infralabials, 11—11 (1), 12—12 (4), 13—13 (1), 14—14 (1); preoculars, 3—-3; postoculars, 3—3; tempo- rals, 83+3 (1), 3+4 (6) on each side; loreal, 2—2. Fugler and Dixon (in press) have discussed the relationships of this species with forms to the north and a population of the same species to the south. Other records: Agua del Obispo, between Rincén and Cajones (Smith, 1943); Tierra Colorada (Gadow, 1905). Trimorphodon latifascia (Peters) TCWC (5), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. ca. Almo- longa, 5800 ft. (3); 4 mi. W. Chilpancingo, 5800 ft. (1); Palo Blanco, 4800 ft. (1). Seale formula, 21—23—15 to 26—23—15; ventrals of males, 198, 220, 221, of females, 222, 226; caudals of males, 66, 77, 78, of females, 64 (2); supralabials, 8—8 (3), 8—9 (2); infralabials, 11—12 (1), 12—12 (2), 12—13 (1), 13—13 (1); preoculars, 2—2 (1), 3—3 (4); postoculars, 3—3; temporals, 3-+-4 and each side; loreals, 2—2 (4), 3—3 (1); dorsal blotches, 14—17 (M—16). This series differs from those discussed by Taylor (1940b) in having a higher average number of dorsal blotches. Other record: ca. Chilpancingo (Hall, 1951). Tropidodipsas guerreroensis (Taylor) TCWC (8), Tropical Deciduous Forest. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. These specimens have been discussed in detail by Davis (1953). Snakes of the Chilpancingo Region, Mexico 89 Thamnophis chrysocephalus (Cope) TCWC (1 male), Humid Pine-oak Forest. 4 mi. W. Mazatlan, 8000 ft. Seale formula, 17—17—15; ventrals, 141; ecaudals, 76; supralabials, 7-8; infralabials, 9—10; preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 3—3; temporals, 3+3 on each side. This specimen constitutes the fourth locality record for this species in Gunerrero. It apparently is restricted to the high elevations in central and northwestern Guerrero. Thamnophis cyrtopsis cyclides (Cope) TCWC (5), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (2); 2.5 mi. S. Almolonga, 5600 ft. (3). This is discussed in detail by Milstead (1953). Other records: ca. Chilpancingo (Hall, 1951; Smith, 1942d); Omilteme, Amula (Milstead, 1953). Thamnophis scalaris godmani (Giinther ) TCWC (22), Cloud and Pine-oak forests. ca. Omilteme, 7800-8000 ft. (17); 4 mi. W. Chilpancingo, 5800 ft. (2); 5 mi. W. Mazatlan, 8000 ft. (3). Seale formula, 17—17—17 to 21—17—17; ventrals of males, 146— 153 (M—148.5), of females, 136—148 (M—141.3) caudals of males, 75—84 (M—79.6), of females, 66—84 (M—73.7); supralabials, 7—7 (18), 7—8 (2), 8—8 (2), infralabials, 9—10 (5), 10—10 (12), 10—11 (4), 11—11 (1); preoculars, 1—1 (21), 1—2 (1); postoculars, 3—3; temporals, 1+2 on each side. Other records: Amula (Giinther, 1894); Omilteme (Giinther, 1894; Smith, 1942d; Smith, Nixon and Smith, 1950). Family ELAPIDAE Boie Micrurus nigrocinctus browni (Schmidt and Smith) TCWC (8), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. Acahuizotla, 2800 ft. (7); 10 km. SW Chilpancingo, 5800 ft. (1). Seale formula, 15—15—15; ventrals of males, 211—217 (M—214.0), of female, 225; eaudals of males, 48—54 (M—52.0), of female, 42; supralabials, 7—7; infralabials, 7—7; preoculars, 1—1; postoculars, 2—2; temporals, 1+1+2 on each side. Other records: Omilteme, Chilpancingo (Boulenger, 1896; Schmidt and Smith, 1943). Family CROTALIDAE Gray Bothrops barbouri (Dunn) TCWC (2 females), Cloud and Humid Pine-oak forests. 2 mi. W. Omilteme, 7800 ft. (1); 2.5 mi. SW Omilteme, 8500 ft. (1). Seale for- mula, 19—17—15; ventrals, 146, 144; caudals, 29, 30; supralabials, 8—9, 9—9; infralabials, 9—10, 10—10; preoculars, 2—2; postoeculars, 3—3. This species apparently is not restricted to the Cloud Forest as previously thought and may have a distribution similar to that of the rattlesnakes of the area. One was taken in a humid canyon within the cloud forest, the other on a rocky ridge within the pine-oak forest. Color in life: deep brown with darker brown cross bands. Other records: Omilteme (Shreve, 1938; Dunn, 1919). Bothrops undulatus (Jan) TCWC (3 males), Cloud Forest. 2 mi. SW Omilteme, 7800 to 8000 ft. Scale formula, 23—21—17; ventrals, 161, 163, 165; caudals, 43, 47, 52; supralabials, 10—10, 11—11, 11—12; infralabials, 11—11 (2), 12—13 90 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (1); anal entire, all caudals divided, supraorbital spines present. This species apparently is restricted to the cloud forest in this area, and occurs mainly in damp situations. All three specimens were taken in areas of limestone outcrops and typical cloud forest flora. Color in life of two adults, greenish-yellow, heavily suffused with black flecks; ground eolor of juvenile gray with black spots or flecks. Dorsal pattern of adults and juvenile consists of a mid-dorsal, ‘‘zig-zag,’’? dark brown line with coincident dark areas on the sides. Other records: Omilteme (Giinther, 1895; Smith, 1941); Chilpancingo (Smith and Taylor, 1945). We ques- tion the correctness of the latter locality on ecologic grounds. Crotalus durissus culminatus (Klauber) TCWC (6), Lower Pine-oak and Tropical Deciduous forests. Achuizotla, 2800 ft. (5); 4 mi. W. Chilpancingo, 5800 ft. (1). Seale formula, 29— 29—19 to 31—30—21; ventrals of males, 176—181 (M—179.0), of fe- males, 181, 186; caudals of males, 28—32 (M—29.5), of females, 22, 28; supralabials, 13—14 (1), 14—14 (2), 15—15 (1), 15—16 (2); infra- labials, 15—15 (2), 15—16 (1), 15—17 (2), 17—18 (1); anal entire. This form apparently has a much wider ecological distribution than was previously thought. One specimen was taken in Pine-oak Forest west of Chilpancingo. Other records: Chilpancingo, 25.7 mi. S. Chilpancingo, Omilteme (doubtful), (Klauber, 1952). Crotalus intermedius omiltemanus (Giimther) TCWC (8 females), Cloud and Humid Pine-oak forests. 1—2 mi. W. Omilteme, 7800 to 8000 ft. Scale formula, 23—21—17, ventrals, 172— 183 (M—175.6); caudals, 20—26 (M—22.0); supralabials, 8—9 (1), 9—9 (6), 10—10 (1); infralabials, 8—9 (1), 9—9 (6), 9—10 (1); Anal entire. Part of this series was reported on in detail by Davis and Dixon (1957). LITERATURE CITED Bailey, J. R. 1940. The Mexican snakes of the genus Rhadinaea. Occ. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich., 412:1-19, 2 pls. Boulenger, G. A. 1893-1894, 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). London. 3 vols.: vol. 1, 1893; vol. 2, 1894; vol. 3, 1896. . 1905. Descriptions of new reptiles discovered in Mexico by Dr. H. Gadow, F.R.S. Proce. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, pp. 245- 247, pls. 6-7. Davis, W. B. 1953. Notes on the snake Tropidodipsas guerreroensis. Copeia, (3) :187-188. Davis, W. B. and J. R. Dixon. 1957. Notes on Mexican Snakes (Ophidia). Southwest. Nat., 2(1):19-27. Duellman, W. E. 1958. A monographic study of the colubrid snake genus Leptodeira. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 114(1):1-151, 25 figs., 25 maps, 31 pls. Dunn, E. R. 1919. Two new crotaline snakes from western Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 32:213-216. Gadow, H. 1905. The distribution of Mexican amphibians and reptiles. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 2:191-244, figs. 29-32. Snakes of the Chilpancingo Region, Mexico 91 Giinther, A. C. L. G. 1893-1895. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Reptilia, 1893, p. 92; 1895, p. 187. Hall, C. W. 1951. Notes on a small herpetological collection from Guer- rero. Univ. Kansas, Sci. Bull., 34(4) :201-212, pl. 24. Hartweg, Norman. 1940. Description of Salvadora intermedia, new species, with remarks on the grahamiae group. Copeia, 1940 (4): 256-259. . 1944. Remarks on some Mexican snakes of the genus Tantilla. Occ. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 486:1-9. Klauber, L. M. 1952. Taxonomic studies of the rattlesnakes of mainland Mexico. Bull. Zool. Soe. San Diego, 26:1-143, 12 figs. Milstead, W. W. 1953. Geographic variations in the garter snake, Thamnophis cyrtopsis. Texas Jour. Sci., 5(3) :348-379, 6 figs., 1 pl. Oliver, J. A. 1948. The relationships and zoogeography of the genus Thalerophis Oliver. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 92(4) :161-280, 13 figs. Schmidt, K. P. and H. M. Smith. 1943. Notes on coral snakes from Mexico. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 29(2) :25-31. Shreve, Benjamin. 1938. Typhlops braminus in Mexico. Herpetologica, 1(5) :144. Smith, H. M. 1941. Notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Trimeresurus. Zoologica, 26(1) :61-64. . 1942a. A resume of Mexican snakes of the genus Tan- tilla. Zoologica, 27:33-42. . 1942b. Mexican herpetological miscellany. Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., 92(3153) :349-395, pl. 37, fig. 38. 1942ce. Descriptions of new species and subspecies of Mexicon snakes of the genus Rhadinaea. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, 55:185-192. . 1942d. The synonymy of the garter snakes (Thamnophis), with notes on Mexican and Central American species. Zoologica, 27(3 and 4) :97-123. 1943. Summary of the collections of snakes and croco- dilians made in Mexico under the Walter Rathbone Bacon traveling scholarship. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 43(3169) :393-504, 15 figs., pl. 32. Smith, H. M., C. W. Nixon, and P. W. Smith. 1950. Mexican and Central American Garder snakes (Thamnophis) in the British Museum (Natural History). Jour. Linnean Soe.-Zool., 41(282) :571-584. Smith, H. M. and E. H. Taylor. 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 187:1-239. Stull, O. G. 1940. Variations and relationships in the snakes of the genus Pituophis, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 175:1-225, 84 figs. Taylor, E. H. 1938. Notes on the Mexican snakes of the genus Lepto- deira, with a proposal of a new snake genus, Pseudoleptodeira. Univ. Kan, Sci. Bull., 25(15) :315-344, pls. 30-34, 3 figs. . 1940a. Mexican snakes of the genus Typhlops. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 26(13) 441-444, 2 figs. . 1940b. Some Mexican serpents. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 26(15) :445-487, 9 figs., pls. 49-52. 92 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . 1941. Herpetological Miscellany, No. II. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 27(7) :105-139, pls. 3-6, 7. figs. Werler, J. E. and H. M. Smith. 1952. Notes on a collection of Reptiles and Amphibians from Mexico, 1951-1952. Tex. Jour. Sei., 4(4) :551- 573. Zweifel, R. G. 1954. A new species of Chersodromus from Mexico. Her- petologica, 10(1) :17-19, 1 fig. lL. OG { dios Vol. 72, pp. 93-96 July 24, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGT A NEW RACE OF RED BROCKET DEER (MAZAMA AMERICANA) FROM COLOMBIA By Puitip HERSHKOVITZ Chicago Natural History Museum The first and only known specimen of the red brocket of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern Colombia, appears to represent a race new to science. It is named in honor of its collector and my very dear friend, Mr. Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Mr. Carriker’s career as a museum collector is one of the most re- markable in the history of tropical American ornithology, mammalogy and mallophagology. It began in Costa Rica in 1902 and has continued through the years in Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Mexico, and Colombia, with interruptions only for the study of his specialties in the museums of Washington, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Chicago. I met this extra- ordinary man for the first time in 1942 in the little sun-baked village of Valencia at the eastern base of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. We were both collecting in the same region, he birds, I mammals. Carriker was already established as dean of collectors and he had long before earned a solid reputation as an ornithologist and world authority on Mallophaga. At the time of our first meeting, Carriker was already at an age when most men retire. Nevertheless, during that year, and on into the next decade when our trails crossed again the indefatigable Carriker maintained his pace as the most active and successful bird collector in the Americas. Now, in the eightieth year of his rich and colorful life, Mr. Carriker continues to add to the thousands of Mallophaga, the nearly 100,000 birds and mammals he has already collected, and to the many scientific discoveries made known through his publications and through those of others. The following description of the red brocket of the Sierra Nevada is a contribution to the systematic revision of all Neotropical deer being prepared by the writer. I am grateful to the authorities of the U. S. National Museum for their permission to study and describe the South American Cervidae in their charge, Mazama americana carrikeri, new subspecies Type.—Subadult female, skin and skull, U. S. National Museum no. 282137; collected 26 February, 1946, by M. A. Carriker, Jr. Type locality—Mamanecanaca, a high valley just south of the snow 17—Proc. Biot. Soc. WAsH., Vou. 72, 1959 (93) S iC SMITHSON) A) INSTITUTION JUL 2 | <7 ‘ : 1959 94 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington peaks of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Department of Magdalena, northern Colombia; altitude, between 3600 and 3900 meters above sea level. Distribution.—Known only from the temperate zone of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta but may range from the border zone between forest and paramo (3500-4000 meters) to tropical zone elevations in the Sierra Nevada. Characters.—General color of body ochraceous tawny, shoulders and nape buffy brown, the hairs of midline of nape not reversed or form- ing whorls; fore and hind limbs with more brown on outer sides, ochraceous on inner; flanks and rump paler than back, the drab basal portions of the hairs showing through; belly white and defined from flanks by ochraceous crange lateral line; tail with tip missing, ochraceous tawny above and without white fringe, underside with hairs white or buff basally, buffy or ochraceous terminally; hairs of inner sides of buttocks like underside of tail; forehead, muzzle, outer side and inner border of ear brown, inner side of ear white; cheeks, throat ochraceous- buff, sides of neck and chest drab; narial and mental patches white as usual in brockets; a dark brown finely drawn mandibular patch present; external opening of preorbital gland small and hardly de- fined from inner ecanthus of eye; tarsal and metatarsal tufts present but not well defined; fore and hind hoofs short and stout, their greatest width two-thirds or more length of inner upper border. Skull not significantly different from that of other red brockets; preorbital fossa shallow, or dish-shaped, as usual in Mazama americana; bullae slightly smaller than average. Measurements of type—Head and body, 964 millimeters; tail, 111; height at shoulder, 520; weight, 32 lbs.; greatest length of skull, 165; zygomatic breadth, 75 (c.); braincase, 53; nasals, 50; alveolar length of upper cheek teeth, 50 (m2- not fully erupted). Comparisons.—Mazama americana sheila Thomas of northwestern Venezuela and the Sierra de Perij& (Sierra Negra; Ctcuta), northern Colombia, differs from carrikeri by its more reddish, less drab, coloration of head and body, upper surface of tail with conspicuous white fringe, undersurface wholly white. M. a. reperticia Goldman of Panama, and its Colombian representatives in the Departments of Bolivar and Choeé, are even more deeply reddish brown on head and body than sheila, the tail sharply bicolor as in sheila, the hairs of midline of nape partially whorled. The Andean rufous brocket, Mazama rucna Pucheran from the highest altitudes in the Andes inhabited by brockets, differs markedly by its dark reddish color, blackish limbs and extremely large preorbital gland and correspondingly deep preorbital fossa. Remarks.—The long, thick, coarse drab pelage of the temperate zone Mazama americana carrikeri is of the ‘‘permanent winter’’ type. In marked contrast, the more brightly colored thinner haired coat of tropical zone red brockets, is of the ‘‘permanent summer’’ type. The type specimen of Carriker’s brocket was taken at an altitude far higher than that recorded for any other representative of Mazama americana. No other form of brocket is known to occur in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta proper. The lowlands surrounding the base of A New Race of Red Brocket Deer 95 the Sierra Nevada are inhabited by a race of brown brocket, Mazama gouazoubira cita Osgood. Thus, it appears that the red brocket of the Sierra Nevada may be completely isolated from all others of its species. Specimens examined.—One, the type. A pickup skeleton of a sub- cadult female (U. S. National Museum no. 281434) from the Colonia Agricola de Caracolicito, southern slope of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, altitude, 335 meters, is probably referrable to Mazama americana carrikeri. ) B.0673 Vol. 72, pp. 97-100 July 24, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTO THE TYPE LOCALITY OF FELIS CONCOL CONCOLOR LINNAEUS By Purmie HERSHKOVITZ Chicago Natural History Museum The original description of Felis concolor Linnaeus (1771, Mantissa Plant., p. 522) is based on a diagnosis from Brisson and references to Marcgrave, Ray and Buffon, as follows. ‘“FELIS cauda elongata, corpore immaculato fulvo. ‘‘Welis ex flavo rufescens mento et infimo ventre albicantibus. Briss[on, 1756, Regnum Animale | quadr. 272 ‘‘Cuguacu arana Margr[avius, 1648, Historia rerum naturalium Brasiliae|, .. . 235, Raj. quadr. 169. Buff (on, 1761, Hist. Nat.| quadr. 9 t. 19 ‘Habitat in Brassilia.’’ Brisson’s description of the puma is taken from Maregrave and from several other references (Barrére, Ray, Klein) which are also based essentially on the Brazilian cuguacuarana of Maregrave. Barrére (1741, Hist. Nat. France équinoxiale, p. 166), added a description of the puma of French Guiana to that of the cuguacuarana. On this author- ity, Brisson included Gwiane as well as Brésil in the habitat of the cat. Buffon (supra cit., in text p. 217), gave the Guianas, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and eastern United States as the range. Linnaeus, nevertheless, gives only Brazil as the type locality. This action automatically re- stricts the type of Felis concolor Linnaeus to Maregrave’s cuguacuarana, The precise place of origin of the puma described by Maregrave is known. According to Thomas (1911, Proe. Zool. Soe. London, 1911: 123-124), ‘‘Maregrave stayed at ‘Moritzstadt,’ now Recife, most of his time, 1640-1644, while even his excursions were limited to the coast region between 5° 45’ and 11° 11’ S., thus taking in little more than from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas, a region at the centre of which Pernambuco lies.’’ Accordingly, authors have generally accepted **Pernambuco’’ as type locality of the animals described by Maregrave. In his preliminary revision of the pumas, Merriam (1901, Proe. Wash- ington Acad. Sci., 3:593) gave ‘‘ Brazil (probably southeastern Brazil) ’’ as type locality. He regarded a skull from Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, as representative, Merriam had no more Brazilian material than this skull, said to be deformed, and another without particular locality. Insofar as Merriam identified his Brazilian specimens with the nominal species, 18—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 72, 1959 (97) 98 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington he was absolutely correct. The same would be true, had he identified Canadian pumas as zoological representatives of the species. On the other hand, treatment of the Piracicaba skull as ‘‘typical,’’ by Nelson and Goldman (1929, Journ. Mammal., 10:345) and designation of the ‘“‘vicinity of Sao Paulo’’ as type locality of the subspecies Felis con- color concolor Linnaeus is neither zoologically nor geographically correct. In 1946, Goldman (in Young and Goldman, The puma, p. 202) recognized that his and Nelson’s earlier designation of Sao Paulo as type locality was based ‘‘on an erroneous assumption.’’ Unhappily, Goldman went on to reason that inasmuch as Linnaeus’ principal [!] reference is to Brisson ‘‘who in turn cited Barrére as his first and main [!] authority,’’ the type locality of concolor must be Cayenne, French Guiana. At the same time Goldman recognized Marcgrave’s Brazilian cuguacuarana as the first synonym of the Linnaean concolor and thus nullified his own choice of French Guiana as type locality. Evidently, Goldman did not fully appreciate the fact that only Lin- naeus, not Brisson or Barrére, is author of the name concolor, and that Linnaeus, not Goldman, is first reviser. Linnaeus’ designation of Brazil as type locality and, indirectly, the cuguacuarana of Maregrave as type by elimination, are unequivocal and incontrovertible. The evidence presented here affects the status of each of several other names proposed for pumas. Felis concolor greeni Nelson and Goldman, based on a single specimen from Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, is practically topotypical of the Linnaean concolor and becomes, therefore, an absolute synonym of it. Felis concolor capricornensis Goldman, based on the Piracicaba skull described by Merriam as ab- normal, cannot be seriously regarded as distinct from any other Bra- zilian puma, particularly the nominate race. The earliest available name for the puma of the Guianan region is Felis discolor Schreber. The name was proposed in 1775 in the caption to a colored plate (Sdugthiere, 2: plate 104 B). The animal figured is a copy of the black tiger of Pennant (1771, Synopsis Quadr., pl. 181, fig. 2 [figure only, not text which is based primarily on the jaguarété of Maregrave]. Schreber’s formal description of discolor appeared two years later (1777, Saugthiere, 3:393, 586). It contains the appropriate bibliographic reference to Pennant, to the once of Des Marchais (1731, Voyage, 3:300) and an interrogatory reference to the Brazilian jaguarété of Maregrave (1648, Hist. rerum Nat. Brasil., p. 235) which is a melanistic form of the jaguar (Felis onca Linnaeus). Schreber gave only South America as the habitat of discolor. Nothing is known of the place of origin of Pennant’s black tiger but Des Marchais’s once, which Schreber notes particularly, is from French Guiana. This country therefore, is here accepted as the restricted type locality of Felis con- color discolor Schreber. Two names without descriptions proposed for pumas by Lesson (1842, Nouv. Tabl. Reg. Anim., p. 50), are wavula, from Demerara, British Guiana, and soasoaranna from the savannas of the Rio Orinoco, Venezuela (cf. Schomburgk, 1840, Ann. Nat. Hist., 4:325). Felis con- color anthonyi Nelson and Goldman (1931, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 21:209) from the Rio Orinoco at the base of Mt. Duida, Venezuela, is practically a topotype of soasoaranna. As Goldman (1946, The puma, The Type Locality of Ellis Concolor 99 p. 200) places soasoaranna together with wavula in the synonymy of his concolor (= discolor Schreber) his treatment of anthonyi as a distinct subspecies is paradoxical. Actually the original description of Felis concolor anthonyi which is known from a single specimen, does not take into account either the real range of individual variation or the real geographic range of the individual and of the race to which it may belong. In any case, there is no convincing evidence that more than one kind of puma, namely, Felis concolor discolor Schreber, lives in the area embraced by the Rios Orinoco-Negro and Amazonas as well as the whole of the Amazonian drainage basin east of the Andes. The above discussion may be summarized by the following elassifica- tion. Felis concolor discolor Schreber Felis discolor Schreber, 1775, Sdugthiere, 2:plite 104 B (animal exw Pennant, 1771, Syn. Quadr., pl. 181, fig. 2). Schreber, 1777, Sdugthiere, 3:393, 586—description. [Felis concolor] var. Wavula Lesson, 1842, Nouv. Tabl. Reg. Anim., p. 50—type locality, Demerara, Br. Guiana; nomen nudum? Felis concolor var. soasoaranna Lesson, 1842, Nouv. Tabl. Reg. Anim., p. 50—type locality savannas of the Rio Orinoco, Venezuela; nomen nudum? Felis concolor var. Niger Lesson, 1842, Nouv. Tabl. Reg. Anim., p. 50— part, new name for Felis discolor Schreber. Felis concolor anthonyi Nelson and Goldman, 1931, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 21:209—type locality, Playa del Rio Base, southeast base of Cerro Duida, Amazonas, Venezuela. Felis concolor borbensis Nelson and Goldman, 1933, Journ, Washington Acad. Sci., 23:524—type locality, Borba, Rio Madeira, Amazonas, Brazil. Felis concolor concolor, Goldman (not Linnaeus), in Young and Gold- man, 1946, The puma, mysterious American eat, p. 200. Felis concolor concolor Linnaeus [Felis] concolor Linnaeus, 1771, Mantissa Plant., p. 522—name based primarily on the cuguacuarana of Maregrave; type locality, Pern- ambuco, Brazil, by restriction (cf. Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1911:123-124). Felis sucuacuara Liais, 1872, Climats, géologie, faune et géographie botanique du Brésil, p. 461—type locality, Brazil, here restricted to the lower Rio Sao Francisco whence Liais recorded most of the animals he described. Felis concolor greeni Nelson and Goldman, 1931, Journ. Mammal., 21: 211—type locality, Curraes Novos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Felis concolor capricornensis Goldman, in Young and Goldman, 1946, The puma, mysterious American cat, p. 246—type locality, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. > 100 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington eee Ts ee — 7.0675 Vol. 72, pp. 101-102 July 24, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTO NATURAL HISTORY OF PLUMMERS ISLAND, MARYLAND! . XII. A Biological Note on Trypozxylon richardsi Sandhouse By Karu V. KROMBEIN Entomology Research Division, U. 8. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Trypozylon (Trypoxylon) richardsi Sandh. is one of our uncommon eastern wasps and the only described member of the Rufidens Group in the United States except for the even rarer T. bridwelli Sandh. from Brownsville, Texas. On Sep- tember 6, 1958, I found a 2-celled nest (9658 A) in a boring in soft pith of a dead twig of the fringe tree, Chionanthus virgt- nica, at Plummers Island, Maryland. The dead twig containing the nest was 12 mm. in diam- eter. The nest was in a boring which measured 37 mm. in length and 1.9 mm. in diameter. There was a thin clay parti- tion at the bottom of the boring and then two cells 10 mm. long, each closed by a clay partition 4% mm. in thickness. The boring was empty above these cells. On September 6 the bot- tom cell held a cocoon containing a wasp prepupa. The cocoon was 7.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. in diameter, spun of light cream-colored silk, subopaque, and very similar in ap- pearance and texture to that of Trypoxylon (T.) frigidum Sm. The other cell held a number of very small, dead, imma- ture spiders, the prey stored by the wasp. The nest was kept outdoors from October, 1958, through March, 1959, and then 1The following numbers of this series have been published previously : I (Introduction), Proce. Biol. Soe. Wash. 48:115-117. 1935; II (Flower- ing plants and ferns), op. cit. 118-134; III (Mosses), op. cit. 135-137; IV (Birds), op. cit. 159-167; V (Fungi), op. cit. 49:123-131. 1936; VI (Reptiles and amphibians), op. cit. 50:137-139. 1937; VII (He- paticae), 52:21-22. 1939; VII (Lichens), op. cit. 23-26; IX (Mam- mals), op. cit. 131-134; X (Flowering plants and ferns, Supplement 1), op. cit. 66:31-38. 1953; XI (Blue-green algae), op. cit. 67:239-241. 1954. 19—Proc. Biot. Soc. WAsH., VoL. 72, 1959 (101) SMITHSONIAN yy % 4 195° 102 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington was brought into my office. A female of richardsi emerged from the cocoon on April 29. Seanty data on specimens of the Rufidens Group in the U. S. National Museum suggest that its members usually utilize abandoned borings of other insects or other cavities in twigs or stems as nesting sites. A male of richardsi was reared June, 1883, by T. Pergande from a twig gall on oak from ‘*Va.’’. An undescribed species from Florida was reared from | Rhodes grass infested with scale insects, presumably from nests in the stems. A female of rufidens Cam. was reared September 19, 1935, from a stem of Vanda sp. (a cultivated orchid) at Balboa, C. Z., Panama. 7. richardsi has never utilized wooden traps at Plummers Island, but perhaps the smallest boring I use (3.2 mm. diameter) is too large to at tract this small wasp. —— _— Vol. 72, pp. 103-108 July 24, 19 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW STAR-NOSED MOLE (CONDYLURA) FROM THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES By JoHNn L. PARADISO U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service According to Jackson (North American Fauna, No. 38, 1915, p. 90) the star-nosed mole exhibits but slight variation Over a wide zonal range. Specimens from the Lower Austral Zone in Georgia and Virginia are subspecifically inseparable from those of the Boreal Zone in Quebee and Labrador. Since Jackson’s review, however, additional specimens from the southeastern United States, as well as more abundant ma- terial from the type locality, indicate that a well-marked subspecies occurs throughout the southeastern States. It is here named: Condylura cristata parva, subsp. nov. Holotype.—U. S. National Museum No. 293291; adult male, skin and skull (skull well ossified, maxillary and nasal bones fused, tail enlarged) ; collected Dee. 2, 1939, by Leonard Llewellyn 5 mi. NW. of Stuart, Patrick Co., Virginia. Distribution—In the southern Appalachian mountains distribution extends from southeastern West Virginia and southwestern Virginia, south to western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. In the Coastal Plain it occurs from Nansemond Co. (Dismal Swamp) and possibly Accomack Co., Virginia, to Georgia. (See map.) When more intensive collecting is done in the piedmont section of the Carolinas, it may be found that there is a continuous distribution from the Coastal Plain to the mountains. At present, however, there are no valid records from this area. The southernmost piedmont specimens reported (not examined but, perhaps, representing parva) are from the Richmond, Virginia area (Bailey, Mammals of Virginia, 1946, p. 92). Description Similar to Condylura cristata cristata but much smaller, both externally and cranially; tail shorter; upper ‘‘unicuspid’’ toothrow (anterior base of I3 to posterior base of Pm3) more crowded; upper ‘*molariform’’ toothrow (anterior base of Pm4 to posterior base of M3) relatively larger; interorbital breadth relatively greater; cranium flatter and narrower; rostrum narrower. Measurements.—Detailed measurements (as outlined by Jackson [loe. cit.]) of Condylura c. parva are given in the accompanying table. Several specimens representing parva were examined from which it was 20—Proc. Biot. Soc. WAsH., Vou. 72, 1959 (103) aGy SMITHSo) IA JU 4 104 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington impossible to obtain measurements. A skin of undetermined age, taken in 1917 (?), was obtained from a local trapper by Dr. Francis Harper at Mixons Ferry, Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia, and is in the collection at Cornell University. Three North Carolina specimens preserved in alcohol, are in the North Carolina State Museum at Raleigh. One adult, collected by R. G. Vick on August 4, 1947, at Hayesville, Clay Co., North Carolina, is very small, with a short, swollen tail, and small feet. Two specimens (1 juvenile and 1 adult) with no exact locality data but probably those mentioned by C. E. Brimley (Jour. Mamm., Vol. 4, No. 3, August 1923, pp. 183-184) as being from Garland, Sampson Co., and Wenona, Washington Co., also appear to represent this subspecies. Comparative measurements.—The following measurements of adult Condylura c. cristata are given to show the size variation and as an aid in comparing it with parva. Ten specimens from Cambridge, Massachusetts, measure (in milli- meters; averages followed by extremes): Total length, 199.8 (195—208) ; tail vertebrae, 78.1 (76—83); hind foot, 28.4 (27—30); length of skull (average of 7); 34.6 (33.4—35.5) ; palatilar length (average of 8), 13.9 (13.3—14.3); mastoidal breadth (average of 7), 13.8 (13.5—14.1) ; in- terorbital breadth (average of 7), 7.3 (7.1—7.5); upper ‘‘molariform’’ toothrow (average of 7), 6.6 (6.4—6.9); upper ‘‘unicuspid’’ toothrow (average of 8), 7.8 (7.4—8.1); height of brain case (average of 7), 10.0 (9.6—10.3); maxillary breadth (average of 8), 8.7 (8.6—8.9). An adult skull from Chester Co., Pennsylvania, (near the type locality of cristata) measures: Length of skull, 33.9; palatilar length, 13.7; mastoidal breadth, 13.2; interorbital breadth, 6.9; upper ‘‘molariform’’ toothrow, 6.4; upper ‘‘unicuspid’’ toothrow, 7.3; height of braincase, 9.8; maxillary breadth, 7.8. Remarks.—Condylura cristata cristata is best differentiated in the northern part of its range. Eastern Pennsylvania, the type locality, is within the zone of intergradation between cristata and parva. Intergrad- ing populations occur also in Maryland, northeastern West Virginia and northern Virginia (south to Callao). When more specimens become available, it may develop that the southern Appalachian mountain and southern Coastal Plain populations, which seem to be geographically isolated, are morphologically distinct. At present, however, no differences are apparent. An entirely satisfactory aging technique was not developed during this study. The criteria used to distinguish adult animals are: Worn teeth; a distinctly swollen tail; an opaqueness and solidity of the skull; flatness of the cranium; and time of year when taken. From examination of very young animals in the collection at the U. S. National Museum, it appears that maximum size in this species is reached at a very early age. Specimens in which fusion of the maxillaries and nasals has occurred at the anterior portion of the rostrum probably rep: resent fully grown individuals. Specimens examined.—Condylura cristata cristata (all in collections at U. 8. National Museum; skins and skulls unless otherwise noted). 145 as follows—Connecticut: East Hartford, 1; Monroe, 1 (skeleton) ; Norfolk, 1 (alcoholic). Delaware: Fort Delaware, 4. District of Colwm- A New Star-Nosed Mole (Condylura) 105 cee lege ORO tT Pte be Condylura cristata cristata b=] condylura cristata parva @ Specimens examined © Specimen not examined Distribution of Condylura cristata in the United States (with collecting localities of C. c. parva) 106 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington bia: 10 (1 aleoholic). Maine: Eastport, 1 (alcoholic); Freeport, 1; Oak- land, 1; Penobscot River (East Branch), 2; Small Point, 1. Maryland: Beltsville, 1; Brookville, 1; Burnt Mills, 1 (skeleton); Cabin John, 1 (aleoholic) ; Chevy Chase, 1; Chevy Chase Lake, 1; College Park, 2 (1 alcoholic) ; Ellicott City, 1 (skull only); Glendale, 1; Lanham, 1; Laurel, 2; Marshall Hall, 1; Potomac P.O., 1; Prince Georges Co., 1; Silver Spring, 1; Woodside, 2 (alcoholics). Massachusetts: Cambridge, 10; Gardner, 1 (alcoholic) ; Harvard, 1; Lunenburg, 3; Middleboro, 2; New Bedford, 1 (alcoholic) ; Newburyport, 2; North Abington, 1; Williams- town, 1 (alcoholic). Minnesota: Elk River, 1; Fort Ripley, 1; Margie, 1 (alcoholic). New Hampshire: Ossipee, 5. New Jersey: no exact locality, 1 (alcoholic) ; Lake Hopatcong, 5. New York: Cross River, 1 (alcoholic) ; Essex Co., 1 (alcoholic); Geneva, 2 (alcoholic); Lake George, 2; Lock- port, 1; Locust Grove, 12 (5 alcoholics, 1 skin only); Lyons Falls, 1; New York City, 2 (1 alcoholic) ; St. Lawrence Co., 1; Sing Sing, 3 (skins only). Ohio: Cleveland, 1; Ellsworth, 1 (alcoholic); Garretsville, 3. Ontario: Hudson Bay, Moose Factory, 1 (skeleton) ; Ottawa, 1. Pennsyl- vania: Ardmore, 1 (skull only); Bucks Co., SW. of Falsington, near Delaware Canal, 1 (skull and partial skeleton from owl pellet); Carlisle, 2 (1 skeleton, 1 alcoholic); Chester Co., 1 (skull); Eddington, 1 (skin only); Feather Field Farm, Blueball, Montgomery Co., 1; Germantown, 1 (skin only); Hartsville, 1 (skull only); Holmesburg, Philadelphia, 1; Lake Leigh, 1; Lycoming Co., 1; Meadville, 2 (alcoholics); Radnor, 1 (skin only); Shermans Dale, Perry Co., 1; Tinicum, 1 (skull only); Williamsport, 1. Quebec: Grosse Isle, 1; Montreal, 1. Vermont: Mt. Mansfield, 2; Rutland, 1. Virginia: Calao, 1 (skeleton) ; Falls Church, 2; Lebanon, Lorton, 2. West Virginia: Cranberry Glades, 1. Wisconsin: Colby, 1; Delmar Township, Chippewa Co., 1; Herbster, 1 (skull); St. Croix Falls, 1 (skull only); Solon Springs, 4. Condylura cristata parva (in collections at U. S. National Museum except as noted). 17 as follows—Georgia: Marlow, 1 adult (alcoholic, skull removed); Okefenokee Swamp, Mixons Ferry (Cornell University Collection) 1, age? (skull inside). South Carolina: South Island Road, 2.5 mi. S. of Georgetown, (Charleston Museum collection) 1 yg. adult. North Carolina: Hayesville, (North Carolina State Museum collection) 1 adult (alcoholic); Roan Mountain, Magnetic City, 1 adult, 1 young adult; Weaverville, (Museum of Comparative Zoology collection) 1 adult; Waynesville, Haywood Co., (North Carolina State College collection) 1, age?; no exact locality but presumed to be from Garland, Sampson Co., and Wenona, Washington Co., (North Carolina State Museum col- lection) 2 (aleoholies). Tennessee: Shady Valley, 1, Age? Virginia: Dismal Swamp, 3 young adults, 1 adult (alcoholic, skull removed) ; 5 mi. NW. of Stuart, Patrick Co., 1 adult (type); Accomack Co., Wattsville, 2.3 mi. E., 1 immature. West Virginia: Greenbrier Co., 4.2 mi. NE. of Richwood, (West Virginia Mammal Survey collection) 1 immature. I am grateful to the following for the loan of material: The Charleston Museum, Charleston, South Carolina; The North Carolina State Museum, Raleigh, North Carolina; North Carolina State College, Raleigh, North Carolina; The West Virginia Mammal Survey; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; The Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Uni- versity, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and The Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philadelphia. 107 A New Star-Nosed Mole (Condylura) = ~ = i. 5 = *q ao o r) Qu VIUTSIT A GiZLGlss-e S6— 29 = Sor 968L AG ‘pe’sk $ FISLL WNS? durvMg [VUISICE + BIULSITA Tel 8'3I 2ck& GS 29 OLL 9G68TALFC pest SI8Ll WNSO dwevag [BUST] * BIUISITA Pebpick: GZ 9 SG9L 968LT AL ‘pe'sk 2 GTSLL WNSOD durvag [BUISIC, * VIULsITA a"; Sol ates RG 968L AT ‘pe ? TF08L WNS2 durvag [VUIST(y :* VIULSITA qenjg MN TUG OCL FSI SCE SS O09 OOT G6E86LIIXS ‘pe 2 T6SE6s WNSQ2 “OO Hoye : VIULsITA 44D douse CCiOehy bea ee ee G68T IIIA ST ‘pe y 61S16 WNSO “AW weoy :euTpOIVD YON AYN opouseyy a icleg.ls -40c7 sto aSSb POL TEST ‘pe 2° 00899 WNSO “3 weoy :VvuT[OIeH YON ae (oi) eee ee age ine 9681 II 9 ‘pe 9° 66&S ZOW [tAreave a 2 BuTporeg YON winesnyy UMOJOSIOIN g “TU 4 Z “py SUL For ree G2 8S -colL- FS6LAIE ‘pe 2 FGFS UWoOo[VyH PUBIST YJNOYG : vUTOIVH FNS tN ec EEN SG er isha” eS Sa al ee Ee Oa ee en irs! ee seid PRL See ce WM: : £97 B90 = My Fo % s S eq ge “ON "8D WOT}IITION }T[VIO'T Dm a ae 5 FLFLSIYO FUATAACNOO AO SLNAW eae. 323 3. -TUOSVAW IVINVYO GNV IVNUGLXS face) 2 ie Ea @ ct = a = 108 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington eat. OG) S Vol. 72, pp. 109-120 November 4, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF TOAD, BUFO CATAULACICEPS, FROM THE ISLA DE PINOS AND WESTERN CUBA. ALBERT SCHWARTZ* The genus Bufo is represented in Cuba by four species: Bufo peltacephalus Tschudi, Bufo empusus Cope, Bufo gundlacht Ruibal, and Bufo longinasus Stejneger. The latter species has been considered (Barbour, 1937 :96) as composed of three subspecies: longinasus Stejneger, known only from the unique type from El Guama, Pinar del Rio Province; ramsden Barbour, known from a small series from the type locality in Oriente, and dunni Barbour, known from the vicinity of the type locality in the Sierra de Trinidad in las Villas Province. Of the four Cuban species, B. peltacephalus, B. empusus, and B. gundlachi have been reported from the Isla de Pinos (Barbour, 1916 :307-308 and Ruibal, 1959:5). Under the auspices of a National Science Foundation grant, large numbers of Bufo were taken throughout Cuba and the Isla de Pinos in 1957 and 1958. Study of these fresh specimens has necessitated an evaluation of the other Cuban species of Bufo; this study has been based primarily on materials collected by myself and party, but ad- ditional material has been loaned by Dr. Doris M. Cochran, Mr. Charles M. Bogart, and Dr. Ernest E. Williams, curators respectively of the United States National Museum (USNM), the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), and the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ). Their courtesy in loan of specimens has aided the present study greatly. Dr. Richard G. Zweifel has graciously supplied me with sono- grams of the voices of several species of Bufo, and Miss Sandra L. Bressler has ably executed the illustrations. All these persons deserve my sincere thanks for their assistance in preparing the present paper. On the night of July 4, 1958, after a very heavy afternoon rain, which persisted until long after nightfall, a chorus of B. gundlachi was heard along the highway from Nueva Gerona to Santa Fé on the Isla de Pinos. Since B. gundlachi had not been heard chorusing on the Isla, it seemed pertinent to collect a series of this toad. As the chorus site was approached, it was evident that another anuran was calling: the second call was that of a tiny toad, of which calling males are less than an inch in length. Later during the month of July, we collected additional individuals of this new species from four other localities —_——— *Department of Biology, Albright College, Reading, Penna, 21—Proc. Bren. pec Whi Vou, 72, 1959 (109) ( Pettis Nias 0 ) NOV 10 1959 LIBRARY SMITHSONIAN wsTITUTION NOV 4 195¢ 110 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington on the Isla de Pinos, and a total number of 68 specimens was amassed. In addition, two specimens had been taken on December 27, 1957, by Edwin B. Erickson and George R. Zug from beneath pine logs and rocks in pine land on the Isla. Thus a total of 70 specimens is available from six localities on the Isla de Pinos. In August, 1958, again after heavy rain, this same species of toad was heard ealling at three localities in southern Pinar del Rio Province. During August in Cuba the toads were much less common than in July on the Isla; it is probable that the maximum chorusing occurs in July, and the small choruses in Pinar del Rio were due to the fact that the peak of the breeding season was already past. As a result, only 7 specimens were collected in Cuba. Of the three subspecies of B. longinasus only the eastern ramsdeni has not been seen in life. We have studied, however, a single topotype of ramsdeni; this is an old specimen, collected by Charles T. Ramsden, and most indications of dorsal pattern have long since disappeared. Consequently, all comments on this race in the present paper may be considered as provisional, depending upon the acquisition of fresh material. . Ruibal (op. cit.) has made careful comparisons of B. gundlachi with all other West Indian toads. His data have been utilized in the present paper. However, I have examined extensive series of most Cuban forms, and pertinent comments on these are made in the paragraphs below. The new species of Bufo from the Isla de Pinos and western Cuba may be called. Bufo cataulaciceps, new species Type: AMNH 61982, from 7.9 miles north of Santa Fé, Isla de Pinos, Habana Province, Cuba, taken July 4, 1958, by Albert Schwartz and George R. Zug. Original number 5612. Paratypes: AMNH 61973-81, 61983-91, same data as type. Distribution: the northern two thirds of the Isla de Pinos, and ‘western Cuba from the vicinity of La Fé east to the vicinity of Pinar del Rio city, all in Pinar del Rio Provinee. Diagnosis: A species of Bufo distinguished from all other West Indian species by its small adult size (maximum size of males, 30 mm.; maximum size of females, 27 mm.), pronounced wrinkles on the lores and at the angle of the mouth, contrasting pattern of pale dorso- lateral stripes against a dark background, prominent. cranial crests, lateral. position of the paratoid glands, and slightly webbed feet with three phalanges of the fourth toe completely free of web. Description of type: An adult male, with the following measure- ‘ments (all measurements in millimeters): snout-vent length, 23.5; length of head from snout to posterior margin of tympanum, 6.6; greatest width of head, 7.3; longitudinal diameter of eye, 2.0; naris to eye, 2.2; femur, 6.6; tibia, 7.0; fourth toe, 7.8; interorbital distance, 3.1; length of paratoid, 4.7. The coloration of the type is dark gray (almost black) dorsally (see figure 1). There is a median fine, somewhat expanded posteriorly above the vent, gray line, in the very center of which is a pale yellowish hair line, both extending from the snout to the vent. Between the A New Species of Toad, Bufo Cataulaciceps TET Fig. 1. Bufo cataulaciceps, new species, type, (AMNH 61982), dorsal aspect; snout-vent length 23.5 mm. eyes, this median line is expanded into an irregular triangle, its apex pointed posteriorly, and its anterior side irregular and incised medially. Behind the apex of the triangle the median line is broken. Pale gray dorsolateral stripes begin at the posterior corner of the eye and extend posteriorly to the groin where they terminate by gradually becoming obscured. The dorsolateral stripes are boldly delineated both medially and laterally against the dark dorsal and lateral color, and the stripes are themselves a bit darker centrally than laterally. The lateral colora- tion is like that of the dorsum, and extends from the posterior margin of the eye to the groin as a sharply delineated band anteriorly, which becomes increasingly obscure posteriorly. The upper lip is dusky with a few scattered small black blotches; the supralabial line continues to above the axilla where it is white. The lower lip is immaculate. The forelimbs are dusky gray with one darker bar on the antibrachium and various irregular blotches on this same member, There is a single darker and diffuse blotch on the thigh, another on the crus, and a third on the pes, which, when the leg is flexed, combine to produce a single transverse bar across the entire dusky hindlimb. The venter is creamy white, with about twelve dusky spots on the abdomen. The snout is relatively short and blunt, with the canthus rostralis emphasized by a prominent crest, which continues as a supraorbital 112 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington © Cae on Fig. 2. Bufo cataulaciceps, type, dorsal aspect of head; details of pat- tern omitted to show structure only. bony ridge both above and behind the eye. The median cranial crest and the supratympanic crest are both prominent and directed mesiad and are expanded posteriorly. The interorbital space, enclosed by the supraorbital crests, is completely smooth (see figure 2). The longitudinal diameter of the eye is slightly less than the distance of the eye from the naris, and the tympanum is small, inconspicuous, and close to the posterior margin of the eye. The lores, subocular area, and area above the angle of the mouth are raised into a series of prominent wrinkles or rugae (see figure 3). The dorsum is pustulose, the pustules relatively smooth and low, closely appressed to-one another, and with a single Fig. 3. Bufo cataulaciceps; type, lateral view of head; details of pattern omitted to show structure only. A New Species of Toad, Bufo Cataulaciceps 113 central low spine in each wart. The dorsal surfaces of both fore- and hindlimbs are likewise pustulose with short but prominent spines. The skin of the belly and ventral surface of the limbs is covered with flattened, pavement-like granules without spines. The inner metatarsal] tuberele is not keratinized. The fingers are relatively long, unwebbed, and 3-2-4-1 in order of decreasing length; the toes are slightly webbed, with the three distal phalanges of toe 4 completely free of the web. The toes are 4-5-3-2-1 in order of decreasing length. Variation: The paratypes include 17 males and one female. From the Isla de Pinos there are, including the type and paratypes, 66 males and six females; from Pinar del Rio there are seven males. The Isla de Pinos and Pinar del Rio specimens will be discussed separately. Measurements (means and extremes) of 64 Isla de Pinos males are: snout-vent length, 23.6 (21.5—25.6); and head length, 6.9 (6.0—7.5) ; head width, 7.8 (7.1—8.6); longitulinal diameter of eye, 2.4 2.1— 2.8); naris to eye, 2.3 (2.0—2.6); femur, 6.5 (5.5—7.5); tibia, 7.0 (6.3—7.8); fourth toe, 7.4 (6.5—8.6); interorbital distance, 3.2 (2.7—3.8); length of paratoid, 4.1 (3.2—5.6). All males but one (AMNH 61222) taken by us were calling or at least associated with choruses. Measurements of six Isla de Pinos females are: snout-vent length, 24.9 (21.3—27.2); head length, 7.0 (6.4—7.7); head width, 7.9 (7.1—8.5); longitudinal diameter of eye, 24 (2.0—2.6); naris to eye, 8.4 (2.2—2.8); femur, 6.6 (6.3—7.0); tibia, 7.3 (7.0—7.6); fourth toe, 7.9 (74—85); interorbital distance, 3.3 (3.1—3.5); length of paratoid, 4.5 (3.6—5.2). One female (AMNH 61223) was not taken from a chorus, and also shows no ovarian activity; it is the smallest of the females (snout-vent 21.3) and is likely immature. Sex- ual differences in size are not pronounced; females reach a slightly larger snout-vent length than males, and in general average slightly greater in all measurements taken. The vocal sae in males is spherical when distended, and not more darkly pigmented than the remainder of the venter in preserved specimens. Throats of females are white to creamy. Males have a patch of tiny dark gray to brown rugosities on the dorsal surface of the first digit of the forelimb; this patch may cover all the phalanges of this digit, and there may be an accessory but smaller patch adjacent to the base of the thumb on the palmar surface of the hand. The coloration of the entire Isla de Pinos series is quite variable. The paratypic lot was recorded in life as being dark brown to dull olive dorsally, with the middorsal line tan to yellowish tan. The dorsolateral stripes varied from tan to yellowish tan as well, and on a single individ- ual the dorsolateral and median bands are unicolor. The venter was recorded as white to grayish. In preserved material all dorsa are some combination of shades of browns, grays, and black. In all there is some indication of a middorsal line, varying from an incomplete hairline to the fully expressed pattern as in the type. The dorsal color is usually darker than the dorsolateral stripes, but occasional specimens show the stripes very faintly, and one is now almost black dorsally. If the dorsal color is light gray, rather than dark gray or black, there is a dorsal pattern consisting of three pairs of blotches, one seapular, one sacral and one anal; these blotches extend from the inner border of the dorso- 114 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington lateral stripes to the middorsal line, and may be rectangles, rhombs, diamonds, or irregular in shape. The interocular figure is present in most specimens, but it may be more extensive than that of the type. In dark individuals, the figure may be poorly demonstrated or even absent (AMNH 62014). The banding on the hindlimbs is more pronounced in lighter specimens than it is in the type, and there may be an additional band across the knee on both thigh and crus. The forelimbs as well may have the banding more prominent than the type. There are no differ- ences between males and females in coloration and pattern. The bellies vary greatly in pattern. Of the entire Isla de Pinos series, the majority have the bellies immaculate creamy white; at the other extreme are five specimens in which the bellies are heavily mottled or blotched with dark gray to black. All conditions of intermediacy occur in the lot. Structurally, the series resembles the type closely. The cranial crests are always distinct and enclose a smooth interorbital space. Occasionally there is an accessory transverse ridge partially separating the inter- orbital area from the remainder of the dorsum. The dorsum is always pustulose with small spines. The loreal, subocular, and supra-angular rugae are prominent in all specimens. The venter is without spines in all individuals. The lack of extensive webbing on the hindfeet is like- wise characteristic of all specimens. The paratoids are lateral in position, and directed obliquely dorso- medially from the angle of the jaws toward the posterior termination of the median cranial crest. The surface of the paratoids is smooth and they are relatively inconspicuous; posteriorly the glands merge almost imperceptibly into the spinose pustules of the dorsum. The oblique orientation of the paratoids and their inconspicuousness makes measure- ment of these glands difficult and unreliable. Seven males from western Cuba have the following measurements: snout-vent length, 26.4 (23.6 — 29.6); head length, 7.7 (6.9 — 8.2); head width, 8.8 (7.9 —9.6); longitudinal diameter of eye, 2.5 (2.2 — 2.8); naris to eye, 2.5 (2.8—2.7); femur, 7.6 (7.0 — 8.0); tibia, 8.2 (7.3 —8.7); fourth toe, 8.8 (7.6 —10.2); interorbital distance, 3.7 (3.3 —3.9); length of paratoid, 5.6 (4.5 — 6.3). These figures in- dicate that the mainland Cuban population of B. cataulaciceps males reaches a larger size than their Isla de Pinos relatives. It is interesting to note that the smallest of the Cuban toads, AMNH 62045, is from near the southern coast of Cuba (near La Fé); were it not for this one specimen, the Cuban and Isla populations (as far as males are con- cerned) would be almost completely separable on the basis of size (maximum snout-vent length in Isla males, 25.6; minimum snout-vent length in Cuban males, 25.5). In addition, there is a difference in pattern in the Cuban toads which does not occur in any of the Isla series. In all Cuban B. cataulaciceps, the dorsolateral stripes send a median broad extension from the inner margins toward the midline between the position of the scapular and sacral blotches; when well expressed (AMNH 62046) the extension divides the dorsum into an if the crossband is not prominent, its position is indicated by irregular and diffuse edges of the dorsolateral stripes in the area between the anterior and a posterior dark area, separated by a wide crossband. Even A New Species of Toad, Bufo Cataulaciceps 115 scapular and sacral blotches. Two Cuban specimens (AMNH 62043—44) have the dorsal pattern even more complex; here the dorsolateral stripes are almost completely obliterated by irregular black blotches, but the position of the Cuban crossband is still indicated. No Isla de Pinos specimens show any indication of this feature, and it is possible that larger size and the crossbanded pattern of Cuban toads will distinguish them subspecifically from their Isla de Pinos relatives. However, more specimens must be taken in Cuba before such a course is adopted. Certainly the situation as presently known is indicative. Comparisons: B. cataulaciceps needs comparison only with the small species of Cuban toads, gundlachi and longinasus (with its races long- inasus, dunni, and ramsdeni). Comparison with adult peltacephalus and empusus is unnecessary; both reach a much larger adult size (142 in peltacephalus males, 76 in empusus males). From juveniles of these two forms, cataulaciceps can be distinguished by having a middorsal pale line which is absent in both these species. In addition, juveniles of B. peltacephalus have either a vivid emerald green or reddish-fawn ground color in life and three relatively prominent paired blotches on the dorsum, and a black rather than pale interocular triangle. Juvenile empusus are variegated dorsally, and are much shorter limbed and narrower headed than cataulaciceps. Pertinent comparisons are between B. cataulaciceps, and B. lon- ginasus and B. gundlachi. B. gundlachi and cataulaciceps are similar in many ways, but are just as different in other. Both are small with laterally placed paratoids. Both have spinose dorsa, although the dorsa of gundlachi are conspicuously more spiny than those of cataulaciceps. The posterior medial cranial crests on gundlachi are usually composed of several isolated excrescences, whereas those of cataulaciceps are composed of a single rather regular bony ridge. The interorbital space in gundlachi is coneave and has scattered isolated bony tubercles; this space is smooth in cataulaciceps. Calling male gundlachi from the Isla de Pinos (70 individuals) vary between 25.7 and 33.7 mm. in snout-vent length (mean, 30.0), and are thus all higher in this measurement than Isla de Pinos cataulaciceps. Length of tibia and length of fourth toe likewise show that the two species can be separated on this basis as well, with gundlachi having the higher measurements. The ratio of snout-vent length to hindlimb length will not separate the two species; Ruibal (op. cit.) gives the range of this ratio in gundlachi as 1.57 to 1.93. The ratio in cataulaciceps varies between 1.66 and 2.13; this is slightly higher than for gundlachi, but is not diagnostic. Patternwise, both gundlachi and cataulaciceps are comparable; however, the pattern elements in the latter are much more contrasting. Also, the entire snout of gundlachi is pale, instead of the pale color being restricted to an interocular figure as in cataulaciceps. Finally, the individual flattened granules on the belly of gundlachi are spinose, whereas these granules in cataulaciceps are without spines, From the three races of B. longinasus, B. cataulaciceps ean be dis- tinguished at once by the lateral, rather than dorsal, paratoid glands. In the races of longinasus the cranial erests are very low and incon- spicuous, in contrast to the high and conspicuous crests of cataulaciceps. All races of B. longinasus are distinctly long-snouted. The dorsa of 116 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington most specimens of dunni and an adult female I. longinasus are relatively smooth, with short and inconspicuous spines in the tubercles; however, an adult female dunni (AMNH 60820) and an adult male ramsdens (USNM 63230) are extremely spinose dorsally, and a juvenile dunni (AMNH 60818) is spinose as well. Apparently the degree of spinosity is a variable character within the subspecies of B. longinasus. The impression is that B. cataulaciceps is intermediate in spinosity, and that it is more spinose than most specimens of dunni and the seven known specimens of l. longinasus, but less so than some dunni, and ramsdeni. No specimens of B. longinasus have the dorsolateral stripes strongly contrasting as are those of cataulaciceps. Rather the dorsolateral stripes in these forms merge gradually medially with the dorsal color, and are not sharply delineated from the more central dark pigment. Some dunni have a median light area, and, if present, this line may expand into a rhombic interorbital figure; this is roughly comparable to the condition in cataulaciceps. Ventrally, ramsdeni is much mottled with black, dunni is usually so mottled, but less extensively so than ramsdeni, and long- inasus has a pure white belly, with three short dark brown dashes on the chest. In life, J. longinasus has yellowish-orange feet, inner side of arm, and jaws; this bright coloration does not occur in cataulaciceps. Judg- ing from the limited material of B. longinasus at present available, I suspect that ramsdeni and dunni are more closely related to one another than both are to J. longinasus. The lores and angle of the jaw are smooth in most dunni and l. longinasus, spinose in ramsdent, and tuberculate in gundlachi; no other Cuban species has these areas wrinkled as does cataulaciceps. The combined snout-vent/hind limb ratio for the various subspecies of B. longinasus from Ruibal (op. cit.) varies between 1.27 and 1.54; this ratio is thus well below that of B. cataulaciceps (1.66 to 2.13). However, the recently collected adult femaie B. 1. longinasus has a ratio of 1.79, within this ratio in cataulaciceps but certainly nearer the lower than the higher extreme. The relatively and actually longer hindlimbs of the races of B. longinasus is a conspicuous feature of this species in life and easily separates them from other Cuban toads. Comparisons of B. cataulaciceps with the Hispaniolan Bufo guntheri Cochran and the Puerto Rican Bufo lemur Cope are hardly necessary. These two West Indian toads are much larger than B. cataulaciceps, and are distinctly different structurally. Remarks: Bufo cataulaciceps is, by virtue of its short and lateral paratoid glands and well developed cranial crests, a member of the peltacephalus-empusus-gundlachi group of Cuban toads. It shows little resemblance to B. longinasus and, of the peltacephalus group, is obviously most closely related to gundlachi. On the Isla de Pinos, cataulaciceps was taken chorusing with both gundlachi and empusus, never with peltacephalus. In such choruses, cataulaciceps calls from the margins of temporary pools, seated either in very shallow water or on merely moist earth or gravel at the pool’s edge. Males are extremely shy, and cease calling at any disturbance; this behavior is in contrast to that of both gundlachi and empusus, which customarily continue calling loudly when approached. The spher- ical vocal sae is rather small, and about the size of a pea in diameter. A New Species of Toad, Bufo Cataulaciceps 117 S68 on . ° ) : rs) ; : D ieee: “é e- «5 6 Rei Ft =F eae o Teiek. i PSF 4 = Zo n 4 a ia iat wW fe = aa . - Caee’s a ee = Oo o2 = x Pies. O06 ” (0.8 1.0 1.2 14 6 Sih Dida» 22 TIME IN SECONDS Fig. 4. Songram of call of Bufo gundlachi, recorded 2.8 mi. E La Mu- lata, Pinar del Rio Prov., Cuba, 17 June 1957; temperature 23°C. The call however, is relatively loud for such a small creature, and can be readily detected in a mixed chorus, although the ventriloqual quality of the call makes locating calling males difficult. In deep grass, cataulaciceps is difficult to locate, due to its shyness, small size, and very dense herbaceous cover. No choruses of cataulaciceps equalled in volume or number of calling males those of either gundlachi (which may have extensive choruses involving hundreds of vocalizing males) or empusus (which may have as well large choruses, both as to number of individ- uals and geographic area). The calls of B. cataulaciceps and B. gundlachi are quite different. Inspection of figures 4 and 5, which are sonogram records of tape recordings of these two species, reveals that in the smaller species, the dominate frequency is 4500 kilocycles per second, as against 3000 kilo- eycles per second in gundlachi. The duration of the individual e¢all is 0.2 seconds in cataulaciceps with an interval between ealls of about 0.35 seconds; the individual call of gundlachi lasts about 1.3 seconds with a 0.2 interval between calls. The calls are thus seen to differ in dominant frequency, duration, and interval. Aurally, the call of cataulaciceps is reminiscent of that of B, quercicus, but lacks the whistling or peep-like 8 = 56 rs) Ww 7) a4 a a 22 1@) - — 2 - - = ” My - 4 6 8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 TIME IN SECONDS Fig. 5. Sonogram of call of Bufo cataulaciceps, recorded 18 mi. SSW Nueva Gerona, Isla de Pinos, 18 July 1958; temperature 25°C, 118 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington quality of the latter species; sonograms of the calls of cataulaciceps and quercicus are not at all similar. . Amplexing pairs of cataulaciceps as well as eggs were both collected. Amplexus is axillary; eggs of this species are smaller than those of gundlachi, and remarkably appear to be deposited in clumps rather than in typical Bufo-like strings. Tadpoles were raised from the eggs, and descriptions of these portions of the life history must await additional data. The relationships of the fauna of the Isla de Pinos and western Cuba have been pointed out by other workers and by myself (Schwartz, 1959 :38). The occurrence of B. cataulaciceps in these two areas adds another species common to the two regions. I suspect that this diminu- tive Bufo will be found to range as far east as the vicinity of Bataban6, Habana Province, along the south coast and south of the Sierra de los Organos and Sierra del Rosario; the occurrence on the Isla de Pinos and in western Cuba of some plants such as Pinus tropicalis, Colpothrinax wrightt, and Byrsonima coccolobaefolia, all of which are typical of the habitat which B. cataulaciceps occupies, may well be found to delimit the area occupied by this small toad on the Cuban mainland. Only two specimens of B. cataulaciceps have been taken which were not associated with choruses. These two toads were collected from beneath rocks lying on Mal Pais gravel on the Isla de Pinos, adjacent to a then dry depression in pine woods. These two individuals are the basis for Ruibal’s (op. cit.:5) records of B. gundlachi from the Isla de Pinos. Although these toads are actually referrable to B. cataulac- iceps, B. gundlachi does occur on the Isla de Pinos, as previously noted. Since B. cataulaciceps has seldom been taken when not involved in sexual activities, it is not improbable that it spends much of its time underground, coming to the surface to breed during extremely wet weather in midsummer. All localities for B. cataulaciceps in Pinar del Rio are in the lowlying Southern Coastal Plain of Pinar del Rio (Llanura ecostera del sur de Pinar del Rio) and in the Peninsula de Guanahacabibes subregion (see Marrero, 1951). On the other hand, the type locality of B. l. longinasus is apparently in the Alturas de Pizarras, a pine-clad piedmont both north and south of the Sierra de los Organos. The six new specimens of this rare species were all collected in the Alturas, in gently rolling pine woods. It is possible that in Pinar del Rio, cataulaciceps occupies the low coastal plain and longinasus the higher, but still xeric, piedmont. Much collecting in the very mesic Sierra de los Organos has yielded no longimasus, despite the fact that dunni (and apparently ramsdem as well) are both forest inhabiters. Specimens examined (specimens of B. empusus and B. peltacephalus not listed) Bufo cataulaciceps: Isla de Pinos, 7.9 miles north of Santa Fé, 19 (AMNH 61973—91): 12.7 miles south southwest of Nueva Gerona, 10 (AMNH 61992—62001); 18 miles southwest of Nueva Gerona, 3 (AMNH 622002—04); 5.8 miles northeast of Siguanea, 30 (AMNH 62005—34) ; 5 miles northeast of Siguanea, 2 (AMNH 61222— 23); 2 kilometers north, 14.4 kilometers west of Santa Fé, 6 (AMNH 62035—40) ; Jucaro, 1 (MCZ 30860); Santa Fé 1 (MCZ 30862). Cuba, Pinar del Rio, 6.5 miles southeast of Pinar del Rio, 4 (AMNH 62041— A New Species of Toad, Bufo Cataulaciceps 119 44); 6.4 miles southwest of Isabel Rubio, 2 (AMNH 62046—47) ; 1 mile southeast of La Fé, 1 (AMNH 62045). Bufo gundlachi: Isla de Pinos, 2.1 miles north of Santa Fé, 33 (AMNH 63152); 1.3 miles south southwest of Nueva Gerona, 15 (AMNH 63153); 2 kilometers east of Santa Barbara, 10 (AMNH 63154); 7.9 miles north of Santa Fé, 9(AMNH 63151); nr. Sante Fé, 3 (MCZ 30859, 30861, 30863); 1.8 miles south of Nueva Gerona, 4 (AMNH 63155). Cuba, Pinar del Rio, 2.3 miles east of La Mulata, 4 (AMNH 60821—24) ; 2.8 miles east of La Mulata, 4 (AMNH 60825— 28); 2.9 miles east of Isabel Rubio, 1 (AMNH 60829); 6.5 kilometers southeast of Pinar del Rio, 6 (AMNH 62050); 2.5 miles south, 7 miles east of Herradura, 55 (AMNH 60830—56, 61474—75, 61830—39, plus sixteen untagged specimens); 5.5 miles east of Candelaria, 29 (AMNH 60890—918) ; Habana, 1.5 kilometers east of Campo Florido, 59 (AMNH 63156) ; Matanzas, 1.5 miles west of Canasi, 5 (AMNH 62049); Las Villas, 28 kilometers east of Trinidad, 6 (AMNH 60884—89); 2 kilo- meters southeast of Aguada de Pasajeros, 19 (AMNH 62048); Cama- giey, Embarcadero de Morén, 1 (AMNH 60857); 9.4 miles south of Contramaestre, 26 (AMNH 60858—83). Bufo 1. longinasus: Cuba, Pinar del Rio, E1 Guam4, 1 (USNM 27419) ; 19.5 kilometers northeast of Pinar del Rio, 6 (AMNH 61648—52, 61972). Bufo l. dunni: Cuba, Las Villas, 4 kilometers west, 12 kilometers north of Trinidad, 14 (AMNH 60806—19); Topes de Collantes, 1 (AMNH 60820) ; 0.9 miles south of Topes de Collantes, 4 (AMNH 60802—05). Bufo 1. ramsdeni: Cuba, Oriente, Los Hondones, Guantanamo, 1] (USNM 63230). LITERATURE CITED Barbour, Thomas. 1937. Third list of Antillean reptiles and amphibians. Buli. Mus. Comp. Zool., 82(2) :77-166. Marrero, Levi. 1951. Geografia de Cuba. Alfa, La Habana, pp. i-xvi, 1-736, 478 figures. Buibal, Rodolfo. 1959. Bufo gundlachi, a new species of Cuban toad. Breviora, 105:1-14, 10 figures. Schwartz, Albert. 1959. Variation in lizards of the Leiocephalus cubensis complex in Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. Bull. Fla. State Mus., 4(4) :97-143, 10 figs. 120 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington S74+:96 73 Vol. 72, pp. 121-126 November 4, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW SUBSPECIES OF BIRDS FROM THE SAN LUIS MOUNTAINS OF VENEZUELA AND DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES By Wiuuiam H. PHEuPs and Wiuuiam H. PHELPS, JR. The San Luis Mountain Range is in the extreme northern part of the State of Falcén at the base of the Paraguana Peninsula. It is isolated and has a lower subtropical fauna but the altitudes are not greater than 1400 meters. The range is 35 miles long from east to west and not more than 7 miles wide. We have previously described a number of new endemic forms from there. The affinity of the avifauna is more towards the Caracas Region than to the Mérida Region. Besides describing the new subspecies we have added some taxonomic and distributional notes. We wish to thank the Curators of the U. S. National Museum and American Museum of Natural History for access to their collections. Specimens listed are in the Phelps Collection, Caracas, unless other- wise specified. Names of colours are capitalized when direct comparison has been made with Ridgway’s ‘‘Color Standards and Colour Nomen- clature,’’ 1912. Wing measurements are of the chord. Oceanites oceanicus oceanicus (Kuhl) Procellaria oceanica Kuhl, Beitr. Zool., Vergl. Anat., 1, p. 136, 1820. (South Atlantic.) 6. Placer de La Guayra, high seas 15 kilometers off the north coast, July 26, 1958. This specimen extends the range of the species to the high seas off the northern coast. Sight records have been cited by Cory and by Beebe; see Phelps and Phelps, Jr., Lista de las Aves de Venezuela con su Distribucién!, Coeligena coeligena zuloagae, new subspecies Type: From Curimagua, Sierra de San Luis, Estado Faleén, Vene- zuela; 1300 meters. No. 63357, Phelps Collection, Caracas. Adult male collected April 18, 1957, by Ramon Urbano. (Type on deposit at Ameri- can Museum of Natural History.) 1Tomo 2, Rene, 1, Bol, Soc. Ven. Cien. Nat., No. 90, p. 16, 1958. o., ya! * | Pepi, f : C. WASH., VoL. 72, 1959 (121) “22--Proc, BrOty, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOV 4 1959 122 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Diagnosis: Nearest to C. c. coeligena (Lesson) of the Caracas Region but differs from all races by chin and breast being dusky olivaceous, with feathers faintly margined with whitish, giving a lined appearance, instead of whitish with olivaceous spots; bill shorter. Range: Known only by the type specimen, from the Subtropical Zone. Description of Type: Top of head, neck and mantle nearest to Claret Brown; lower back and rump greenish, feathers basally barred with bronze; upper tail-coverts brownish bronze; lores black. Chin and throat dusky olivaceous, feathers narrowly margined with grayish white, giving a lined appearance; breast, sides and abdomen bronzy, faintly barred with greenish; a white patch on anal area, feathers brown basally; under tail-coverts bronze heavily margined with Sanford’s Brown. Remiges and greater upper wing-coverts Dark Vinaceous Drab; lesser coverts and bend of wing Claret Brown. Tail shiny bronze. Bill (in life) ‘‘black;’’ feet ‘‘black;’’ iris ‘‘dark.’’ Wing, 71 mm.; tail, 48; exposed culmen, 27; culmen from base, 31; tarsus, 6. Remarks: Size similar to C. c. coeligena. Measurements of coeligena: four adult males—wing (3), 74—78 (76.7) mm.; tail, 47—52 (49.7) ; exposed culmen 30—32 (30.5.). Specimens Examined C. c. coeligena—VENEZUELA: Caracas Region, 82; El Junquito, Dist. Federal, 2 (?); Cerro El Avila, 2 9,1 (2). C. c. zuloagae—VENEZUELA: Curimagua, Sierra San Luis, Falcon, 1 3S (type). C. c. guliana— VENEZUELA: Periji Mountains, Zulia, 67. C. c. columbiana.—VENEZUELA: Mérida Region, 42; Rio Chiquito, Tachira, 5 6, 2 9, 4 (2). COLOMBIA®?: 112. C. c. ferruginea.—COLOMBIA?: 184. C. c. obscura —ECUADOR?: 234. C. c. boliviana—BOLIVIA?: 54. Myrmeciza disjuncta Friedmann Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., No. 50, p. 83, June 30, 1945. (Cerro Yapacana, Upper Orinoco, Venezuela. ) 3 @, 2 9, Cerro Yapacana, April and May, 1947. Friedmann had only an immature 6 and an adult 9. The imm. ¢@ was chosen as the type. The adult male had been unknown until we collected these specimens at the same locality sixteen years later. The coloration of these is very different from that of the immature type and we describe it here. : Adult ¢@. Phelps Collection No. 39340. Top of head, neck, back and uropygium Blackish Brown; a large concealed white patch on back; sides of head, neck, throat, breast, abdomen and thighs white; under 2For localities see Phelps and Phelps, Jr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 66, p. 1, March 30, 1953. 8Specimens in American Museum of Natural History. 4For localities see Zimmer, Am Mus. Nov., No. 1513, p. 25, May 31, 1951. Two New Subspecies of Birds from Venezuela 12s tail-coverts grayish white; remiges Fuscous; upper wing-coverts blacker, tipped with white, making three interrupted wing-bands. Measurements: three adult males—wing, 60—61 (60.3) mm.; tail, 44—46 (45); culmen from base, 19—20 (19.6); tarsus, 24—24 (24); two adult females—wing, 59—59 (59), tail, 45—45 (45); culmen from base, 20—20 (20); tarsus, 283—24 (23.5). Corapipo gutturalis (Linné) Pipra gutturalis Linné, Syst. Nat., 12° ed., 1, p. 340, 1766. (Cayenne. ) Corapipo gutturalis carminae Barnés, Auk, p. 412, 1955. (Cerro Marahuaca, Terr. Amazonas, Venezuela. ) Of the 15 ¢,17 9 and 2 ¢@ juv. in our collection, collected from 1938 to 1948°, the senior author took the 17 @ and the 2 ¢ juv. to the U. S. National Museum in 1957 for comparison with the type of C. g. carminae, listed as an adult 2. He found the type similar to our 2a july: Specimens in our Collection VENEZUELA: Cerro Auyan-tepui, Bolivar, 2 ¢; Carabobo, Rio Cuyuni, 5 6.1 9%; Cerro Paurai-tepui, 4 ¢, 8 9; Salto Maiza, Rio EaaotawierG lo juv., | 9; Salto Maria HEspuma, 1 9; Cerro Hl Negro, Rio Cuchivero, 2 6,1 ¢ juv., 5 9; Taracunifia, Alto Caura, 1 6. BRITISH GUIANA: Paruima Mission, Kamarang River, 1 ¢. Cotinga nattererit (Boissonneau ) Ampelis nattererii Boissoneau, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 2, 1840. (‘‘ Bogota.’’) 19, Santa Elena, Rio Frio, Mérida; forest at 20 meters altitude. This specimen constitutes an extension of range of the species to Venezuela from the Magdalena Valley in Colombia. Rynchocyclus fulvipectus (Sclater ) Cyclorhynchus fulvipectus Selater, Proe. Zool. Soe. London, 28, p. 92, 1860. (Nanegal, Ecuador.) 1 ¢, Rio Chiquito, Estado Taéchira, Feb. 19, 1956; 1800 meters. This specimen constitutes an extension of range to Venezuela from the western slopes of the Eastern Andes of Colombia. Rio Chiquito is a forested region in extreme southwestern TAchira on the eastern slopes of the Paramo de Tama massif. Tyranniscus wropygialis (Lawrence) Mecocerculus uropygialis Lawrence, Ann, Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 9, p. 266, 1870. (‘‘ Eeuador.’’) 2 (7), Paramo de La Negra, Mérida, Nov. 2 and 3, 1958, 3,100 meters. These specimens extend the range of the species to Venezuela, in *Phelps and Phelps, Jr. Lista de las Aves de Venezuela con su Distributién, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cien. Nat.. No. 75, p. 137, 1950. 124 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington the Temperate Zone, from the Bogota region of Colombia where it is known in the Subtropical Zone. Henicorhina leucophrys sanluisensis, new subspecies Type: From Curimagua, Sierra de San Luis, Estado Faleén, Vene- zuela; 1300 meters. No. 63465, Phelps Collection, Caracas. Adult male collected April 17, 1957, by Ramén Urbano. (Type on deposit at the American Museum of Natural History.) Diagnosis: Differs from the other four Venezuelan subspecies of H. leucophrys (Tschudi) by darker back and uropygium, more brownish, less reddish; from H. l. venezuelensis Hellmayr, of the Caracas Region, differs additionally by darker breast and abdomen, more grayish, less whitish; from H. 1. meridana Todd, of the Mérida Region, differs ad- ditionally by immaculate throat, instead of streaked and darker flanks and crissum; from H. 1. tamae Zimmer and Phelps, of the Tama Region, differs additionally by immaculate throat and in having the brown of flanks and crissum darker and more restricted; and from H. |. manastarae Aveledo and Ginés, from the Perija Region, differs additionally by darker brown flanks and crissum. Range: Known from the San Luis Mountains in northern Fale6n, in the Subtropical Zone at 1300 meters. Description of Type: Top of head dusky with dark olivaceous blotches; back, sealpulars and uropygium darker than Auburn; superciliary stripe from bill to neck white; lores and ear-coverts black; malar region, cheeks and sides of neck black, heavily streaked with white. Chin and throat white merging into near Light Mouse Gray of breast and sides which becomes more whitish on abdomen; flanks and crissum Antique Brown. Remiges Benzo Brown; outer webs of tertials barred Auburn and black; wing-coverts margined with Auburn; under wing-coverts and axillaries grayish. Rectrices olivaceous barred with black. BillinGn hike black 2 teet) oonrayish: lrOwar aGisnsoCatke can \ amen 58 mm.; tail, 28; exposed culmen, 15; culmen from base, 18; tarsus, 26. Remarks: Sexes alike. Size similar to venezuelensis. Range of measure- ments: two adult males (including type)—wing, 54—58 (56) mm.; tail, 24—24 (24); culmen from base, 18—18 (18); two adult females—wing 52—54 (53); tail, 24—26 (25); culmen from base, 16—17 (16.5). Measurements of H. 1. venezuelensis: five adult males—wing, 54—57 (56); tail, 26—28 (27.5); culmen from base, 18—19 (18.5); five adult females—wing, 52—54 (53); tail, 25—27 (25.6); culmen from base, 17—18 (17.6). Specimens Examined H, |. manastarae—VENEZUELA: Cerro Pejochaina, Perija, Zulia, 26, 6 98) (i Keunana, Oe 3?) Cerrom Mashirampew lamar (?); Divisorio rios Macoita y Apon, 1 6,1 @. H. |. tamae.—VENEZUELA: Paramo de Tama, Tachira,7 ¢,6 9, (GB leat) Chimepvbuvas Wa 5 @O 5 I) CH) Two New Subspecies of Birds from Venezuela 125 H. 1. meridana.—VENEZUELA: Mesa de Lino, Santo Domingo, Mérida, 2 46,1 92, 2 (?); Mérida Region, 20°. H. 1. sanluisensis—VENEZUELA: Curimagua, Sierra San Luis, Faleén, 2 g (ine. type), 1 ¢ juv., 2 2,1 (%), 1 (%) juv. H. 1. venezuelensis VENEZUELA: Caracas Region, 28°; Buearal, Yaracuy, 1 6.1 2; El Junquito, Dto. Federal, 1 (?); Cerro El Avila, 16; 2 (%); Cerro Negro, Miranda, 1 ¢, 2 @, 2 (2). Hylocichla minima bicknelli Ridgway In our Check List? we listed this form from Venezuelan localities and also gave it a Colombian range. All this was in error as our speci- mens are H, m. minima. Vermivora chrysoptera X Vermivora pinus Helminthophaga leucobronchialis Brewster, American Sportsman, 5, p. 33, Oct. 17, 1874. (Newtonville, Mass.) 1 (?). Rio Chiquito Hacienda La Providencia, Estado Tachira; forest at 1800 meters. This specimen of the hybrid Brewster’s Warbler, with pure white under parts, is similar in color to these two specimens in the American Museum of Natural History: ¢. Valle, Mérida, Venezuela and 4, Bonilla, Costa Rica. The latter specimen, which he ealls a ‘‘ back-eross,’’ is illustrated by Kenneth C. Parkes§ in the plate facing page 5 of his exhaustive exposition on the genetics of this hybrid. As far as we know, this is the second specimen of Brewster’s Warbler collected in Venezuela or in South America. One of the parent species, V. chrusoptera, occurs regularly during the winter in Colombia and in Venezuela but the other, V. pinus, is known from South America only by a specimen taken in March at Chirfia, in the Santa Marta Moun- tains of Colombia?. Parkes lists a specimen of Lawrence’s Warbler, V. lawrencii (Mer- rick), hybrid between V. pinus and V, chrysoptera, in the American Museum of Natural History, from Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela, January 31, 1910. We believe that this is the only record from South America. Arremon tocuyensis (Todd) Arremonops tocuyensis Todd, Ann, Carnegie Museum, p. 198, 1912. Following de Schauensee!®, in our Check List!! we listed this bird as a subspecies of A. conirostris (Bonaparte). de Schauensee says that tocuyensis is found in the Rio Hacha region of Colombia at Arroyo ®*For localities see Zimmer and Phelps, Am. Mus. Nov., No. 1270, p. 14, Dee. 26, 1944, 7Lista de las Aves de Venezuela con su DistribuciOn. Bol. Soc. Ven. Cien. Nat., 75, p. 249, 1950. *The Genetics of the Golden-winged X Blue-winged Warbler Complex. Wilson Bulletin, 63, No. 1, pp. 5-15, March, 1951. *R. M. de Schauensee. The Birds of Colombia, p. 965, 1951. !The Birds of Colombia. Caldasia, 5, No. 25, p.. 1108, Aug. 31, 1951. MList de las Aves de Venezuela con su DistribuciOn, Pt. 2, Passeriformes. Bol. Soc. Ven. Cien, Nat., 12, No 75, p. 307, 1950. 126 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington de Arenas, only eight miles distant from Loma Larga where 4A. ec. contirostris occurs. We now find that the two birds occur in Venezuela in the same locality at Mirimire on the eastern coast of the State of Falcén at 250 meters altitude. On December 6, 1957, we collected a male of A. tocuyensis there and on the 11th a male of A. c¢. conirostris. On the 3rd we had already collected a male of A. tocuyensis at San Juan de los Cayos, 27 miles to the east. We also have specimens of tocuyensis from Paraguaipoa at the base of the Goagira Peninsula, Cerro Santa Ana on the Paraguana Peninsula and San Miguel, Lara, near Barquisimeto. A. c. conirostris is a common bird throughout Venezuela from the Orinoco River northward. From the semi-arid region occupied by A. tocuyensis we have specimens of A. c¢. conirostris from the San Luis Mountains and Quebrada Arriba, Lara; also from Cerro Alto del Cedro on the border of Colombia at the foot of the Goagira Peninsula. Inasmuch as A. tocuyensis is a larger bird in wing, bill and tarsus, and has differences in coloration, and as it has now been found in the same locality as A. c. conirostris, we agree with Hellmayr!? that tocuyensis should rank as a species. Catalogue of Birds of the Americas, etc., Part XI, p. 443, 1938. J 74. 067 3 Vol. 72, pp. 127-132 November 4, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE OF SOME POCKET GOPHERS FROM: SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA KENNETH I, LANGE, c/o U. S. National Museum This paper is based upon a taxonomic and distributional study of pocket gophers in southeastern Arizona, namely, Cochise County, Santa Cruz County, and the eastern third of Pima County. Because of the marked sexual dimorphism of pocket grophers, a holotype and an allotype have been des- ignated for each new form. Measurements are in millimeters and color standards are after Ridgway (1912). The following abbreviations are used in the lists of specimens examined : BS—Biological Surveys Collection of the Fish and Wildlife Service, U. 8S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. KU—Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence. UA—Department of Zoology, University of Arizona, Tucson. UI—Museum of Natural History, University of Illinois, Urbana. I wish to thank the authorities in charge of the mammal collection at the U. S. National Museum for their courtesies, and E. Raymond Hall at the University of Kansas and Donald F. Hoffmeister at the University of Illinois for the loan of specimens. Two species of pocket gophers, Thomomys bottae and Thomomys umbrinus, are believed to occur within the study area (Lange, MS., Uniy. Ariz. Libr., 1958). T. bottae is represented by nine subspecies and T. wmbrinus by the following two: Thomomys umbrinus intermedius Mearns Thomomys fulvus intermedius Mearns, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19:719, July 30, 1897, type from summit of the Huachuca Mountains, 9,000 feet, Cochise County, Arizona. Thomomys burti Huey, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7:158, July 28, 1932, type from Madera Canyon, 6,000 feet, Santa Rita Moun- tains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona. Thomomys umbrinus intermedius, Nelson and Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 15:117, May 16, 1934. Thomomys wmbrinus burti, Nelson and Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 15:117, May 16, 1934. Thomomys burti burti, Burt and Campbell, Jour. Mamm., 15:151, May 16, 1934. 23—Proc. Biot, Soc. WAsH., VoL. 72, 1959 (127) eM HSOW “ays \ NOV 10 1959 LigraRN INSTITUTION SMITHSONIAN yy, 128 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Thomomys wmbrinus burti, Goldman, N. A. Fauna 59:34, June 12, 1947. Thomomys wmbrinus intermedius, Goldman, N. A. Fauna 59:35, June 1:2, 194-7. Thomomys bottae proximus, Hoffmeister and Goodpaster, Ill. Biol. Monog., 24(1):98, December 31, 1954 [in part; specimens from Canelo Gate and one mile north of Fort Huachuca]. Thomomys umbrinus quercinus Burt and Campbell Thomomys burti quercinus Burt and Campbeil, Jour. Mamm., 15:150, May 16, 1934, type from Pena Blanca Spring, 4,500 feet, near Mexican boundary, north of monument 128, Pajarito Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona. Thomomys umbrinus quercinus, Goldman, N. A. Fauna 59:35, June 12, 1947. Burt and Campbell (Jour. Mamm., 15:150, 1934) distinguished quercinus from burti (T. burti burti = T. wmbrinus burti) in the following manner: ‘‘. . . color of sides distinctly paler with a yellowish instead of a deep chestnut cast; dark median dorsal stripe less pro- nounced and extending only to the rump. Skull differs in slightly larger size; larger interparietal; termination of nasals farther anteriorly with respect to the zygomatic arm of the maxillary .. .; pterygoids, as viewed from ventral surface, weaker and V-shaped instead of U-shaped as in burti, and lacking the distinct process which projects laterally and ventrally from each wing in burti.’? Examination of the available material reveals that of these characters the following will distinguish quercinus, known only from the type locality, from bwrti from the Santa Rita and Patagonia mountains: color of the sides; less pronounced dorsal stripe; in most specimens, the more anterior termination of the nasals; and the nature of the pterygoids. Gophers referable to 7. umbrinus from the Huachuca Mountains, however, exhibit intergradation between quercinus and burti. Specimens of T. umbrinus from Brown Canyon, from eight miles west of Fort Huachuea, and from one mile north, four miles west of Fort Huachuca resemble quercinus on the basis of the pterygoids; some resemble quercinus while others are like burti in nasal termination; and the specimens from eight miles west of the Fort resemble both quwercinus and burti in pelage color, whereas specimens from Brown Canyon and from the Santa Rita Mountains are indistinguishable in pelage color. The type specimen of T. fulvus intermedius (= T. wmbrinus inter- medius) exhibits the same morphological features indicative of inter- gradation between the more definable quercinus and burti: this speci- men is like quercinus in the nature of the pterygoids; is almost inter- mediate in respect to nasal termination; and resembles burti from the Santa Ritas in pelage color, being only slightly darker on the dorsum and only slightly deeper Hazel on the sides. It measures as follows: total length, 200; tail, 66; hindfoot, 26; basilar length, 31.6; least interorbital constriction, 6.9; mastoidal breadth, 16.4; length of nasals, Taxonomy of Some Pocket Gophers From Arizona 129 12.1; breadth of rostrum, 7.1; length of rostrum, 16.0; alveolar length of maxillary toothrow, 7.3; and palato-frontal depth, 14.3. Pocket gophers referable to T. wmbrinus from the Santa Ritas and Patagonias and those from the Huachueas are thus placed under one subspecies, viz., intermedius. These areas and Pena Blanca Spring are the only localities from which ZT. wmbrinus is known in Arizona at the present time. The species wmbrinus has not been reported from Sonora, Mexico; the subspecies quercinus is known only from Pena Blanea Spring. However, quercinus may have a larger range than is presently known: it may range through oaks (the usual habitat of 7. umbrinus in Arizona) from Pena Blanea Spring into Sonora on the south and west sides of the Santa Cruz Valley and come back into Arizona in such localities as the oak zone of the Huachuca Mountains. Further, 7. wmbrinus may range through oaks from the Santa Rita and Patagonia mountains to the Huachuecas. Gene exchange between these gophers might be taking place by such a route. Although the type specimen of intermedius comes from an aspen and spruce zone, the preferred habitat of T. wmbrinus appears to be in the vicinity of oak growth. The following specimens are referred to T. wu. intermedius. Total, 41, distributed as follows: Pima County: Santa Rita Mts.: NW slope, 1-1-% m. 8, 1-1-% m. E Old Parker Ranch, 4,300-4,500 ft., 5 (KU); 9-% m. SE Continental [near mouth Madera Canyon], 4,300 ft., 2 (KU); Madera Canyen, 4,600 ft., 4 (KU); Madera Canyon, 5,000 ft., 4 (KU). Santa Cruz County: Santa Rita Mts.: Madera Canyon, 6,000 ft., 1 (KU) ; Madera Canyon, 6,200 ft., 1 (KU); Agua Caliente Canyon, 7-% m. E Amado, 4,500 ft., 4 (UA). Patagonia Mts.: 1 m. E Guajolote Corral, 5m. N, 13 m. E Nogales, 5,500 ft., 1 (KU); Guajolote Corral, 5 m. N, 12 m E Nogales, 5,800 ft., 1 (KU). Cochise County: Huachuca Mts.: summit, 9,000 ft., 1 (BS); E slope, Brown Canyon (between Ramsay Canyon and Ft. Huachuca Reservation), 5,700 ft., 3 (KU); Brown Canyon, 5,400 ft., 2 (KU); Brown Canyon, 5,300 ft., 6 (KU); W slope, Panama Mine, Canelo Gate (= 8 m. W Ft. Huachuca), 5 (UI); 1 m. N, 4m. W Ft. Huachuea, 1 (UI). Hoffmeister and Goodpaster (Ill. Biol. Monog., 24:95, 1954) believe that: ‘*. . . in the Huachueas, and perhaps in all of southern Arizona, gophers regarded as 7. wmbrinus by Goldman (1947) are best referred to T. bottae.’’ (If these two forms are conspecific, the earliest name would be 7. wmbrinus). They thus refer specimens of gophers from the northwest slope of Carr Peak, 8,400 feet, to the species JT. bottae and to the subspecies 7. bottae intermedius Mearns, regarding 7. fulvus intermedius Mearns as a synonym. However, 7. bottae and T. wmbrinus are now believed to be distinct, and, accordingly, T. fulvus intermedius Mearns (7. umbrinus intermedius Mearns) is retained. A new name thus becomes necessary for the Carr Peak population of TJ. bottae, This form is named and described as follows. 130 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Thomomys bottae carri, new subspecies Thomomys bottae intermedius, Hoffmeister and Goodpaster, Ill. Biol. Monog., 24(1):95, December 31, 1954 (not Thomomys fulvus inter- medius Mearns). Holotype:—Male, skin and skull, no. 4185, University of Illinois, De- partment of Zoology, Urbana, Illinois; Huachuca Mountains, northwest slope, Carr Peak, 8,400 feet, Cochise County, Arizona; collected by Richard G. Van Gelder, original number 183. Allotype:—Female, skin and skull, no. 4186, University of Illinois, De- partment of Zoology, Urbana, Illinois; Huachuca Mountains, northwest slope, Carr Peak, 8,400 feet,, Cochise County, Arizona; collected by Donald F. Hoffmeister, original number 1544. Description:—A relatively small form for the study area. Study ma- terial consisted of eight males and four females. The holotype measures as follows: total length, 220; tail length, 60; hindfoot, 30; basilar length, 31.4; zygomatic breadth, 22.1; least interorbital constriction, 6.3; mastoidal breadth, 16.6; length of nasals, 12.4; breadth of rostum, 7.3; length of rostrum, 16.3; alveolar length of maxillary toothrow, 7.5; and palato-frontal depth, 15.1. In the same order, the males, in- eluding the holotype, give average, minimum, and maximum measure- ments as follows (only five measurements of zygomatic breadth; seven of mastoidal breadth; seven of nasal length; and seven of rostral length): 209.3 (190-220); 62.1 (50-71); 28.5 (26-30); 31.8 (30.2-33.2) ; 22.3 (21.9-23.6); 6.6 (6.2-6.9); 16.7 (16.0-17.6); 12.7 (11.7-13.7); 7.4 (6.9-8.0); 16.0 (15.4-16.4); 7.6 (6.9-8.2); and 14.1 (13.3-15.1). The allotype measures as follows: total length, 215; tail length, 60; hind- foot, 28; basilar length, 30.0; zygomatic breadth, 21.3; least interorbital constriction, 6.4; mastoidal breadth, 16.4; length of nasals, 11.9; breadth of rostrum, 7.6; length of rostrum, 15.3; alveolar length of maxillary toothrow, 7.7; and palato-frontal depth, 13.1. In the same order, the females, including the allotype, give average, minimum, and maximum measurements as follows (only two measurements of zygomatic breadth): 203.3 (190-215); 63.5 (59-68); 28.0 (25-30); 29.6 (28.6- 3102))5" 20.7 ((20:0=211-3)) 5) 16:5) (61-71) 7 G3) Gisg7—172 0) Oe OnOE 13:25) 720° ((6.5-7.6) = 15.3 (144-165) = 726) (7.4-7.9) ¢ Janda ale: 14.2). These gophers have grayish dorsums and sides with varying ex- pression of a bright pigment. The bright pigment, between Ochraceous- Tawny and Sayal-Brown, is conspicuous in two males and noticeable in one male and one female, these individuals being less overlaid with gray and resembling 7. b. hueyi from the Rincon Mountains, Pima County, in pelage color. The remaining five males and three females of T. D. carri are not as bright as 7. b. hueyi and not as dark as T. b. catalinae from the Santa Catalina Mountains, Pima County. Comparisons:—In comparison with T. b. proximus, the race of T. bottae inhabiting the middle elevations of the Huachucas and Santa Ritas, Taxonomy of Some Pocket Gophers From Arizona 131 T. b. carri differs in: braincase less inflated; skull less rounded, more flattened; and pelage color less variable. 7. b. carri differs from T,. b. hueyi in the following features: zygomatic arches not curved; auditory bullae inflation more variable, both dorsoventral and lateral in carri, tending to be lateral in hueyi; and in most specimens, pelage not as bright. There is also an indication of sexual dimorphism in pelage color and skull curvature in hueyi, which is lacking in carri: the bright pigment in hueyi tends to be less conspicuous on the sides of the fe- males and the skulls of male hueyi tend to have a greater curvature than those of the females. From IT. b. catalinae, carri differs in: zygomatie arches not curved; auditory bullae inflation more variable; and brighter pelage. Remarks:—This subspecies is known only from the type locality. See Hoffmeister and Goodpaster (1954:96-98) for notes on habitat and habits and for a photograph of the trapping locality. Specimens examined:—Total, 12: Cochise County, Arizona; Huachuca Mountains, northwest slope, Carr Peak, 8,400 feet (UI). Study of pocket gophers from southeastern Arizona revealed another population sufficiently distinct to warrant subspecifiec recognition. This race of T. bottae is named and characterized as follows. Thomomys bottae caneloensis, new subspecies Holotype:—Male, skin and skull, no. 51788, University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Lawrence, Kansas; Huachuca Mountains, west foothills, Canelo, 10 miles south of Elgin, 5,100 feet, Santa Cruz County, Arizona; collected by G. H. Heinrich, original number 5551. Allotype:—Female, skin and skull, no. 51786, University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Lawrence, Kansas; Huachuea Mountains, west foothills, Canelo, 10 miles south of Elgin, 5,100 feet, Santa Cruz County, Arizona; collected by G. H. Heinrich, original number 5549. Description:—A large subspecies for the study area. Study material consisted of five males and seven females. The holotype measures as follows: total length, 228; tail, 68; hindfoot, 30; basilar length, 37.0; zygomatic breadth, 26.6; least interorbital constriction, 6.5; mastoidal breadth, 21.3; length of nasals, 13.5; breadth of rostrum, 8.9; length of rostrum, 16.5; alveolar length of maxillary toothrow, 7.4; and palato- frontal depth, 15.7. The males, including the holotype, give average, minimum, and maximum measurements as follows: total length, 224 (208-233); tail, 65 (60-68); hindfoot, 30 (30-31); basilar length, 36.1 (32.8-38.2); and zygomatic breadth, 26.5 (23.3-28.7). The allotype measures as follows: total length, 198; tail, 55; hindfoot, 27; basilar length, 32.6; zygomatic breadth, 24.0; least interorbital constriction, 6.7; mastoidal breadth, 19.1; length of nasals, 11.9; breadth of rostrum, 7.8; length of rostrum, 15.3; alveolar length of maxillary toothrow, 7.6; and palato-frontal depth, 13.5. The females, including the allotype, give average, minimum, and maximum measurements as follows: total length, 208 (198-214); tail, 63 (48-76); hindfoot, 28 (26-30); basilar 132 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington length, 32.8 (30.8-34.4); and zygomatic breadth, 23.5 (22.2-24.7). The skulls are large and massive, with spreading zygomatic arches. In pelage color, ZT. b. caneloensis most resembles T. b. proximus from Ramsay Canyon, 5,500 and 5,700 feet, Huachuca Mountains. The ex- pressed pigment on the back is closest to Sayal Brown; the sides are between Clay Color and Cinnamon. The dorsum has varying amounts of dark coloration, the dark colors being more evident in worn pelage than in fresh pelage. One specimen (KU no. 51781) is unusual in having a posteriorly widening, deep black, median dorsal stripe. Comparisons.—From T. b. proximus, T. b. caneloensis differs in: larger skull size; heavier and more spreading zygomatic arches; less inflated but larger braincase; and wider rostrum. From T. b. modicus, caneloensis differs in: less-inflated braincase; and darker pelage color. From T. Db. alienus, caneloensis differs in: larger braincase; and darker pelage color. Remarks:—This form is known only from the type locality. Gophers referable to caneloensis were obtained in deep soil in a grassland-oak swale. Specimens examined.—Total, 12: Santa Cruz County, Arizona; Huachuca Mountains, west foothills, Canelo, 10 miles south of Elgin, 5,100 feet (KU). 574.0673 Vol. 72, pp. 133-138 November 4, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE OSTRACOD GENUS POTAMOCYPRIS WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES? EpWARD FERGUSON, JR. Grambling College, Grambling, La. Brady (1870) established the genus Potamocypris and designated Potamocypris fulva (= Bardia fulva Brady 1868) the type species. The genus includes eyprid ostracods hav- ing the following characteristics: Valves compressed; right valve projects beyond the left dorsally; valves usually hairy. Natatory setae of second antennae well developed, frequently extending beyond the tips of the terminal claws; ultimate podomere of maxillary palp short, broadened distally and provided with a short claw-like seta. The respiratory plate of the first thoracic leg with a maximum of two setae. Members of the genus have been found in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, and North America. Seven of the nineteen species recorded in this paper have been reported from North America. When possible the length, height, and color of the valves and the geographical distribution have been recorded for a species. SPECIES OF POTAMOCYPRIS P. almasyi Daday 1904 Size: Length of female 0.58-0.61 mm; height 0.34 mm. Males unknown. Color: Grass green. Distribution: Turkestan. P. arcuata (Sars 1903) Miiller 1912 Distribution: China P. comosa Furtos 1933 Size: Length of female 0.68 mm; height 0.37 mm. Length of male 0.55 mm; height 0.29 mm. Color: Light green with two conspicuous, bright green dorso-lateral stripes. Distribution: North America (Ohio). P. dentatomarginata Daday 1902 Distribution: Patagonia. 1The author acknowledges the assistance of Mrs. Corinne A. Ferguson who prepared specimens for study, and of Miss Alice Boatright, Staff Artist, Depart- ment of Zoology, University of Illinois, who prepared the drawing. 24—-Proc, Biot. Soc. WASH., VoL. 72, 1959 (133) ao “, ~, Vili i | NOV 10 1999 INSTITUTION NOV 4 1959 LIBRARN 134 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington P. elegantula Furtos 1933 Size: Length of female 0.55 mm; height 0.38 mm. Males unknown. Color: Light green with two dark-green dorso-lateral stripes. Distribution: North America (Ohio). P. fulva Brady 1870 (= Bairdia fulva Brady 1868) Size: Length of female 0.70-0.72 mm. Males unknown. Color: Greenish-yellow. Distribution: Europe. P. hyboforma Dobbin 1941 Size: Length of female 0.70 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: North America (State of Washington; Idaho). P. illinoisensis Hoff 1943a Size: Length of female 0.55-0.56 mm; height 0.30-0.32 mm. Length of male 0.54 mm; height 0.30 mm. Color: Green. Distribution: North America (Illinois). P. islandgrandensis Hoff 1943b Size: Length of female 0.58-0.63 mm; height 0.32-0.38 mm. Length of male 0.54-0.58 mm; height 0.29-0.35 mm. Color: Dusky greenish-brown. Distribution: North America (Louisiana). P. montevidea (Vavra 1898) Daday 1900 Size: Length of female 0.60 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: Uruguay. P. pallida Alm 1914 Size: Length of female 0.71 mm; height 0.37 mm. Males unknown. Color: Green with clear area in ocular region. Distribution: Sweden; North America (Ohio). P. reniformis (Brady 1907) Miiller 1912 Size: Length of female 0.50 mm. Males unknown. Color: Not recorded. Distribution: Africa. P. similis Miller 1912 Size: Length of female 0.55 mm. Males unknown. Color: Yellowish-white with two dark patches in dorsal region. Distribution: Switzerland. ; P. smaragdina (Vavra 1891) Daday 1900 . Size: Length of female 0.56-0.66 mm; height 0.35-0.38 mm. Length of male 0.52-0.61 mm; height 0.28-0.32 mm. Be Color: Yellowish-green; eggs orange-red. Distribution: Bohemia; Europe; North America. P. wunicaudata Schafer 1943 Size: Length of female 0.81 mm; height 0.46 mm. Males unknown. Color: Bright grayish-green. ¥ Distribution: Europe. Fig. 1. Potamocypris saskatchewanensis n. sp.—Lateral view of the right valve with eye and ovary conspicuous. The drawing was made from a specimen stained in a 1% aleoholie solution of eosin Y and mounted in Canada balsam. 136 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington P. variegata (Brady and Norman 1889) Daday 1900 Size: Length of female 0.51-0.56 mm. Males unknown. Color: Yellow with black bands. Distribution: Europe. P. villosa (Jurine 1820) Miiller 1912 Size: Length of female 0.68-0.75 mm. Males unknown. Color: Green. Distribution: Europe; Asia. P. wolfi Brehm 1920 P. zschokket (Kaufman 1900) Miller 1912 Size: Length of female 0.77 mm. Males unknown. Color: Bright green. Distribution: Europe. Potamocypris saskatchewanensis n. sp. Fig. 1 Specific characters—Female. Eye prominent. Natatory setae of sec- ond antennae reaching considerably beyond the tips of the end-claws. Valves compressed; length 0.75-0.81 mm; greatest height 0.42-044 mm; anterior and posterior ends broadly rounded, the posterior border slop- ing from dorsal margin to an acute angle ventrally; dorsal margin evenly arched; ventral margin almost straight; submarginal line promi- nent anteriorly and posteriorly. The surfaces of the valves are armed with strong spines; antero-ventral and postero-ventral margins with heavy setae; right valve with flanges at posterior and anterior ends. The shell is green, with a concentration of pigment in the ocular region. Males.—Unknown. Type locality.—P. saskatchewanensis n. sp. was collected by Dr. Richard W. Coleman on August 14, 1957 from a pool located along Highway No. 54 about 4.7 miles south of Regina Beach, Saskatchewan, Canada. Cypridopsis vidua (Miiller 1776) and Cypria ophthalmica (Jurine 1820) were present in collections containing P. saskatchewan- ensis N. Sp. Type specimens.—A. stained microscopic mount of the holotype female, USNM Catalogue No. 102574, and four female paratypes, USNM Cata- logue No. 102575, are deposited in the United States National Museum. Paratypes (females) are retained in the author’s collection. LITERATURE CITED *The writer has not seen the original of the reference marked by an asterisk. Alm, Gunnar. 1914. Beitrage zur kenntnis nérdlichen und arktischen Ostracodenfauna. Arkiv. fiir Zoologi. Stockholm, 9:1-20. Brady, G. 8. 1870. Notes on Entomostraca taken chiefly in the North- umberland and Durham District. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soe. Northum- berland and Durham, 3 :361-373. The Ostracod Genus Potamocypris—A New Species 137 . 1907. On Entomostraca collected in Natal by Mr. James Gibson (Part II). Annals Natal Govt. Mus., 1:173-186. Brady, G. 8. and A. M. Norman. 1889. A Monograph of the Marine and Freshwater Ostracoda of the North Atlantic & Northwestern Europe. Section I Podocopa. Trans. Royal Dublin Soc., Ser. 2, 4:63-270., *Brehm, Vincez. 1920. Die Entomostraken der Quellen Holsteins. Festschrift fiir Zschokke (Basel), 18. Daday, E. 1900. Ostracoda Hungariae. Budapest, pp. 1-320. The author was furnished a film strip of pages 190-200 by Dr. Henry V. Howe of Louisiana State University. 1904. Mikroskopische Siisswasserthiere aus Turkestan. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst., Geog., und Biologie, 19 :469-533. Dobbin, Catherine N. 1941. Fresh-water Ostracoda from Washington and other Western Localities. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol., 4:175-246. Furtos, Norma C. 1933. The Ostracoda of Ohio. Ohio Biol. Surv., Bull. 29 :413-524. Hoff, C. Clayton. 1943a. A new ostracod belonging to the Cyprid genus Potamocypris. Trans. Amer. Micro. Soc., 62:200-206. 1943b. The description of a new ostracod of the genus Potamocypris from Grand Isle, Louisiana, and records of ostracods from Mississippi and Louisiana. Occasional Papers Marine Lab., La. State Univ., No. 3:1-11. Miiller, G. W. 1912. Ostracoda. Das Tierreich, 31:1-434. Schafer, Hans W. 1943. Uber zwei neuen Arten des Siisswasser- Ostraecoden. Zool. Anz., 143:210-216. 138 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 574.0673 Vol. 72, pp. 139-150 November 4, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THREE NEW SUBSPECIES OF THE LIZARD LEIOCEPHALUS MACROPUS COPE FROM CUBA GEORGE R. Zua Mt. Holly Springs, Pennsylvania Cope (1862), Gunlaech (1880), Barbour (1914, 1937), Stejneger (1917), Barbour and Ramsden (1919), Cochran (1934), Alayo (1951, 1955), and Hardy (1958a, 1958b) gave locality records of Leiocephalus macropus which con- fined this species to the province of Oriente. Specimens have, however, been taken in the provinces of Camagiey, Las Villas, and Pinar del Rio by Dr. Albert Schwartz and associates, John R. Feick, William H. Gehrmann, Armando Garcia, and myself, while making herpetological collections in Cuba during the summers of 1957 and 1958 under the sponsorship of a National Science Foundation grant. It was considered possible that all or some of this freshly collected material might represent populations which differ from L. macropus as known from Oriente, and study of these lizards was initiated. Stejnger (op. cit.: 275) gave the following description of a speci- men (USNM 26769) collected at Santiago de Cuba, Oriente: “Upper side vinaceus cinnamon with a coppery gloss; head more cinnamon; tail with blackish crossbars narrowly edged with white posteriorly; from nostrils through eye along sides of neck and body to above and behind insertion of hind leg a broad blackish-brown band narrowly edged with pale above and below; upper labials, suboculars, and lower temporals to ear white; below whitish; throat and fore neck with numerous gray dots; lower labials dusky.” Comparison of USNM 26769 with the other Oriente specimens shows that this description is fairly accurate, if the length of time in preserva- tion is considered. Although several of the Oriente specimens do not have the dotted throat or the lateral band quite so blackish-brown as Stejneger’s specimen; this may be due to fading brought on by the preservation. I have examined fifty-three specimens of L. macropus as follows: Oriente, 37; Camagiiey, 5; Las Villas, 1; Pinar del Rio, 9; Isla de Pinos, 1. I wish to thank the following for allowing me to examine the speci- mens of this species in their care: Dr. Doris M. Cochran, United States National Museum (USNM), Mr. Charles M. Bogert, American Museum 25—Proc. Biot. Soc, WAsH., Vou. 72, 1959 (139) SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOV 4 1955 140 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington of Natural History (AMNH), Dr. Norman E. Hartweg, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (UMMZ), Dr. Ernest E. Willams, Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Dr. Carlos Guillermo Aguayo y de Castro, and Dr. Isabel Pérez Farfante, Museo Poey (MP), and Sr. Miguel L. Jaume Garcia, Museo y Biblioteca de Zoologia de La Habana (MBZH). Dr. Albert Schwartz has kindly allowed me to work over his material of this species, which has been deposited in the American Museum of Natural History, and the use of his field notes as well. The drawings are the work of Ronald F. Klinikowski, and he also deserves my thanks for his assistance. Both Mr. Klinikowski and myself have an undergraduate National Science Foundation grant which has in part supported the present research. The usual scale counts have been made on all specimens of L. macro- pus; these counts include number of median head scales, number of prefrontals, number of frontoparietals, number of temporals, dorsal scales in occiput-vent and occiput-axilla distance, number of loreals, number of postmentals, subdigital carinate scales of fourth toe, and number of scales on one half body at midbody. Table I reveals that apparently none of the non-Oriente populations differs in scalation from those from extreme eastern Cuba. Although there is no noticable differ- ence in the scalation, I feel, after comparison of the Camagutey, the Las Villas, and the Pinar del Rio specimens with Stejneger’s color description and specimens from Oriente, that the three population rep- resent three new subspecies, the first of which may be known as Leiocephalus macropus hoplites, new subspecies Type: AMNH 78020, collected at 12 miles east of Morén, Loma de Cunagua, Camagitiey Province, Cuba, by John R. Feick on August 6, 1957. Field number 3706. Paratypes: AMNH 78016-19, with same data as type, except col- lected by W. H. Gehrmann and A. Schwartz. Diagnosis: A subspecies of L. macropus distinguished by a distinct black striped throat pattern on a grayish-yellow background. The throat pattern consists of two black paramedian stripes, bordered anteriorly by a black stripe on each side which extends posteriorly in the direction of the axilla. Equidistant between the paramedian stripe and the diagonal stripe is a shorter black stripe (see figure 1). This race is also characterised by a L shaped white bar above the forelimb insertion (see figure 2). Distribution: known only from type locality. Description of type: An adult male with the following measurements (all measurements in millimeters): snout-vent length 78; tail 68 (re- generated); hindleg 63; snout-ear 19.5; head width 15. Sealation: median head seales 4; prefrontals 3; frontoparietals 5; supraoculars 6/6; loreals 7; temporals 16; auricular scales 3/3; postmentals 2; dorsals in occiput-vent distance 61; dorsals in occiput-axilla distance 23; scales around one half body at midbody 39; vertical rows of scales in New Subspecies Lizard Leiocephalus Macropus Cope 141 each tail whorl 3; subdigital carinate scales of fourth toe 27/28; prefrontal and frontoparietal rows complete; parietals in contact; supraorbital semicircles incomplete; frontonasals not in contact. The two outstanding characteristics of LZ. m. hoplites are the striped throat pattern and the markings above the forelimbs. The black striped throat pattern is on a grayish-yellow background and consists of two black paramedian stripes bordered anteriorly by a black stripe on each side which extends posteriolaterally in the direction of the axilla; equi- distant between the paramedian and the diagonal stripe is a short black stripe. The stripes are bounded at the base of the throat by a group of small broken stripes on a bronze background which extends slightly onto the chest (see figure 1). The markings above the forelimb insertion are composed of a vertical white bar confluent ventrally with a hori- zontal white bar (equal to the length of the vertical white bar) which extends anteriorly and slightly dorsally. Anterior to the vertical white bar is a large black area which is dorsal to the horizontal white bar. The large black area is bordered anteriorly by a vertical row of white spots which are just dorsal to the end of the horizontal white bar; anterior to the row of white spots is a small black area. Posterior to the vertical white bar, there is a group of black spots on an area uni- color with the side (see figure 2). The color of L. m. hoplites in life was quite striking. The surface of the head was dark brown with the side of the head and the neck grayish to black. All face and head marking were white, except that the eyelids were yellow and the postmentals pink. The dorsum of the body was bronzy tan intermixed with darker brown, in contrast to the pale yellow of the venter and the underside of the limbs. Scattered throughout the venter were green and maroon scales, On the pale tan upper surface of the forelimbs were yellow spots, whereas the dark brown upper surface of the hindlimbs was spotted with tan. The proximal portion (unregenerate) of the tail was almost a pale violet dorally and laterally, whereas the underside was pink with pale greenish seales. The color of L. m. hoplites after preservation is dull. The surface of the head is gray with the side of the head and the neck a dark grayish- brown. The loreals and the labials are a light brown. Intermixed on the dorsum are gray and bronze which continue down the sides and become a lighter gray until reaching the faded white of the venter. Extending onto the venter from the sides but not reaching the midline are pale blue rows of seales. The underside of the limbs is the same color as the venter, but the upper surface of the forelimbs is gray with black spots in contrast to the brownish-gray upper surface of the hindlimbs with pale blue spots. The background of the throat pattern has become a darker gray with a few white spots scattered throughout. The upper and lateral surfaces of the tail are a dark gray except for the light brown regenerated section. The venter of the tail is a lighter gray which becomes almost white on the regenerated section. A black nuchal 142 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fig. 1. Leiocephalus m. hoplites, Fig. 3. Leiocephalus m. macropus, throat pattern, type (AMNH throat pattern, (USNM 59167), 78020), snout-vent length 78 mm. _ gnout-vent length 73 mm. Fig. 2. Leiocephalus m. hoplites, Fig. 4. Leiocephalus m. macropus, shoulder pattern, type (AMNH - shoulder pattern, (USNM 59167). 78020). bar, confluent with the large black area of the shoulder marking, is present on the dorsum above the forelimb insertion; on the dorsum above the hindlimb insertion are two short black bars which do not reach the dorsal ridge. The four paratypes (AMNH 78016-19) are females with the following measurements respectively: snout-vent 65, 62, 60, 64; tail 94, -, 110, 92; head width 12.8, 13.1, 11.6, 12.7; snout-ear 16.0, 15.9, 14.7, 16.7; hindleg 53, 55, 46, 54. Scalation: median head scales 4, 4, 4, 4; pre- frontals 3, 3, 3, 3; frontoparietals 5, 5, — 4; supraoculars 7/7, —/5, 6/6, 6/6; loreals 6, 8, 7, 8; temporals 15, 13, 13, 12; auricular scales 3/1, 4/4, 3/4, 4/3; postmentals 2, 1, 1, 2; dorsals in occiput-vent distance 56, —, -, 56; dorsals in occiput-axilla distance 26, 19, —, 21; scales around one half body at midbody 38, 31, —, 35; vertical rows of scales in tail whorls —, 3, 3, 3; subdigital carinate scales of fourth toe 28/26, —/27, New Subspecies Lizard Leiocephalus Macropus Cope 148 Fig. 5. Leiocephalus m. hyacin- Fig. 7. Leiocephalus m. koopmani, thurus, throat pattern, type throat pattern, paratype (AMNH (AMNH 78015), snout-vent length 81188), snout-vent length 87 mm, 88 mm. oe dine N Fig. 6. Leiocephalus m. hyacin- Fig. 8. Leiocephalus m. koopmani, thurus, shoulder pattern, type shoulder pattern, paratype (AMNH (AMNH) 78015). 81188). 26/-, 28/28. All specimens, on which determinable, have prefrontals and frontoparietals rows complete, parietals in contact, supraorbital semicircles incomplete, and frontonasals not in contact. The black paramedian stripe of the throat pattern is entire in all the paratypes, but the diagonal stripe and the stripe between the para- median stripe and diagonal stripe are broken in some specimens. The background of the throat pattern varies from darker to lighter than that of the type. The row of vertical white spots anterior to the large black area of the shoulder marking described for the type is lacking in all paratypes, although this area is lighter in color than that anterior to it. In place of the small black area of the shoulder marking there is a dark brown area which extends to the posterior corner of the eye; this dark brown area is also present in the type, but in this single 144 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington specimen it extends from the anterior edge of the small black area to the posterior corner of the eye. In the paratypes the dorsum is much darker than in the type, and the nuchal black bars of the dorsum are not confluent with the large black area of the shoulder markings. The sacral black bars are identical. The tails possesses dark whorls which are not evident in the type. The forelimbs have black spots, and the hindlimbs have either light spots or none. Comparison: In contrast to the definite black throat stripes of hoplites, males of the race macropus have faint gray paramedian stripes with no diagonal stripe, and also lack a stripe just lateral to the para- median stripe; instead this area is covered by short gray longitudinal stripes (see figure 4). Also in some individuals the pattern is so hght as to be unnoticeable; this may be due to the fading effects of the preservative. The throat patterns of female macropus are in general slightly darker, but again the pattern fades out although remaining relatively conspicious as a series of short gray longitudinal stripes. The throat pattern in the males of the race immaculatus is absent in the specimens I have examined; the female throat pattern is similar to that of the females of the race macropus but is not as dark. The shoulder markings of macropus are extremely variable compared to that of hoplites. The markings of macropus vary from a large black area with a small vertical thin white bar above the forelimb insertion, to an area slightly darker than the sides with a faint vertical white bar. This bar is not confluent with the horizontal white bar (see figure 4). Also, the horizontal white bar, if present, may extend upon the supra- labials, may stop at the posterior end of the labials, or may extend no farther than the anterior edge of the black area. The shoulder markings of immaculatus are virtually nonexistent, consisting of a very faint verti- cal white bar above the forelimb insertion on an area slightly darker than the sides. A few black spots may be scattered anterior and posterior to the bar, but these spots are not present in all specimens. The white bar is absent in some specimens. The dorsum of preserved macropus varies from dark blackish-brown in some specimens to light greenish-brown in others. In preserved immaculatus the dorsum is generally greenish-brown, but may be gray with a greenish-brown suffusion. Transverse bands of dark and light scales on the dorsum of the female macropus are a typical character of that sex, whereas banding on the dorsum of males is infrequent. The banding continues on the tail whorls, and again is more evident in the females than in the males. Banding in immaculatus is completely absent. The nuchal black bar of the race macropus is not confluent with the black area of the shoulder region, and is bordered posteriorly, as is also the black sacral bar, by a narrow white bar. In two females and one male macropus a caudal black bar is present; and in some specimens of macropus the nuchal and the sacral bars are absent. The nuchal and sacral black bars are small or absent in immaculatus. New Subspecies Lizard Leiocephalus Macropus Cope 145 Leiocephalus macropus hyacinthurus, new subspecies Type—AMNH 78015, collected at Finca La Pastora, 2 kilometer northwest of Trinidad, Las Villas Province, Cuba, by A. Echevarria, on July 30, 1957. Field number 3391. Diagnosis.—A subspecies of L. macropus distinguished from the other deseribed races by a black striped throat pattern on a purplish back- ground. The throat pattern consists of two black paramedian stripes bordered anteriorly on each side by a black stripe which extends post- eriorly in the direction of the ear opening. Between the diagonal stripe and the paramedian stripe is a group of small black stripes (see figure 5). This race also possesses a thin vertical yellow bar above forelimb insertion, and a thicker yellow bar which extends from the forelimb inser- tion dorsally and anteriorly (see figure 6). Distribution.—Known only from type locality. Description of type-——An adult male with the following measurements: snout-vent length 88; tail 108 (regenerated) ; hindleg 69; snout-ear 21.8; head width 6.7. Scalation: median head scales 4; prefrontals 3; fronto- parietals 5; loreals 8; temporals 15; supraoculars 6/6; auricular scales 4/4; postmentals 3; dorsals in occiput-vent distance 54 dorsals in occiput-axilla distance 21; scales around one half body at midbody 36; vertical rows of scales in each tail whorl 3; subdigital carinate scales of fourth toe 30/28. The prefrontal and frontoparietal rows are complete; parietals and frontonasals in contact; supraoribital semicircles incomplete. The throat pattern is on a purplish background with two black para- median stripes bordered anteriorly by a black stripe which extends posteriorly in the direction of the ear opening. A group of ununiform short black stripes lies between the paramedian stripe and the diagonal stripe; this group of stripes continues posteriorly onto the chest (see figure 5). The markings above the forelimb insertion consist of a thin vertical yellow bar bordered posteriorly by a group of black spots which are somewhat longitudinally arranged upon an area unicolored with the side. Anterior to the vertical yellow bar is a small triangular shaped black area with a short heavy yellow bar at its ventro-anterior edge. In life the dorsum was tan with the scales becoming increasingly black posteriorly. Above the hindlimb and extending posteriorly onto the sides of the tail and around the vent as well, the scales were purple. The underside of the chest and the limbs was yellow with some pink on the hindlimbs. The side of the face, auriculars, and the side of the neck were whitish. The throat is purple with a rusty suffusion on the mentals and anterior labials. After preservation, the dorsum is gray intermixed with bronze. The dorsum of the limbs is tannish-gray with black spots seattered through- out. The throat has lost its purple luster and is now a dark gray which blends into bluish-gray at the base of the throat. The venter is dirty bluish-white and, the underside of the limbs is whitish. The nuchal bar is small and almost absent (possibly due to fading), and the sacral bar 146 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington is absent. The yellow bars of the shoulder marking are now white, and anterior to the shoulder markings along the sides of the neck are black spots with a small black triangular area above them. Auriculars, lower temporals, and loreals are steel gray in color. The upper temporals are dark brown, and upper and lower labials are dark gray. Comparison.—The throat pattern of hyacinthurus differs from that of hoplites in that the diagonal stripe of hoplites is heavier and makes a lesser angle with the paramedian stripe than that of hyacinthurus. Also hoplites has a black stripe between the paramedian and the diagonal stripes; whereas this area in hyacinthurus is occupied by a group of small black stripes. The throat pattern of both macropus and immacu- latus is faint in comparison to that of hyacmthurus. In the shoulder markings of hoplites the vertical white bar is thicker; the black area anterior to the vertical bar is larger and is bordered on its anterior edge by a vertical row of white spots which are not present in hyacinthurus. None of the shoulder patterns of the variable macropus is similar to that of hyacinthurus, and the shoulder patterns of immacu- latus is almost non-existent. Anterior to the shoulder markings and along the sides of the neck are a few black spots in hoplites; these black spots are more numerous in hyacunthurus, and are lacking in both macropus and immaculatus. Leiocephalus macropus koopmani, new subspecies Type.—MCZ 55541, collected near the base of Cabo Corrientes, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba, by Karl F. Koopman on July 4, 1956. Paratypes.—AMNH 78014, collected on the north shore of Ensenada de Corrientes, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba, by A Garcia on July 10, 1957; AMNH 81184-86 and 81188-89, collected on north shore of Ensenada de Corrientes, 40 km. west of Cayuco, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba, by A. Garcia and myself on August 19, 1958; AMNH 88190, collected on north shore of Ensenada de Corrientes, 45 km. west of Cayuco, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba, by A. Garcia. Diagnosis —A subspecies of L. macropus distinguished by a biack striped throat pattern on a yellowish green background. Two black paramedian stripes which may be broken are present. On either side of the paramedian stripes are black stripes of varying length which usually lie parallel to the paramedian stripes (see figure 7). A vertical greenish white bar lies above the forelimb insertion with black spots both anterior and posterior to the bar. Distribution.—Around Ensenada de Corrientes and the Peninsula de Guanahacabibes. Description of type-—An adult male with the following measurements: snout-vent 84; tail 94 (regenerated); hindleg 70; snout-ear 19; head width 14.2, Scalation: median head scales 4; prefrontals 3; fronto- parietals 4; supraoculars 6/6; loreals 8; temporals 14; auricular scales 5/4; postmentals 2; dorsals in occiput-vent distance 53; dorsals in occiupt-axilla distance 20; scales around one half body at midbody 43; New Subspecies Lizard Leiocephalus Macropus Cope 147 vertical rows of scales in each tail whorl 3; subdigital carinate scales of fourth toe 28/28; prefrontal and frontoparietal rows complete; parietals in contact; supraorbital semicircles incomplete; frontonasals in contact. The black striped throat pattern lies on a dark gray background which becomes lighter in color at the base of the throat. The throat pattern consists of two black paramedian stripes bordered at the anterior edge by a short diagonal black stripe on each side. Lateral to the para- median stripes and posterior to the diagonal stripe this area is covered by black spots and small black stripes (see figure 7). A vertical gray bar above the forelimb insertion is bordered posteriorly and anteriorly by a group of small black spots on an area slightly lighter than the sides. A thick short gray bar extends anteriorly and laterally from the forelimb insertion (see figure 8). On the dorsum above the fore- limb insertion a heavy black nuchal bar is present; the sacral black bar is not conspicious; since it is smaller and is broken into two parts by the dorsal ridge. The dorsum is dark gray, suffused with black; the dorsum of the unregenerated section of the tail is grayish-green and the dorsum of the regenerated tail is greenish-brown. The dorsum of the limbs is brownish- gray with black scales scattered throughout. The venter is grayish-yellow with the venter of the limbs a little brighter. The sides are a lighter gray than the dorsum and are spotted; these spots are black near the dorsum and become brown as they near the venter. A dark brown band extends posteriorly from the upper temporals almost to the shoulder pattern. The lower temporals are gray, and this color extends onto the supralabials. The chin is a whitish-gray. Variation of the paratypes.—The four males (AMNH 78014, 81185-86, 81188) are about one third larger than the females (AMNH 81184, §1189-90). The variation in scale characters is insignificant (Table I). In life the specimens were a bright grayish-green, almost iridescent. The dorsum was grayish-green and becomes iridescent purplish-green on the sides and the tail. The sides had scattered yellow spots; the dorsum of the hindlimbs had greenish-yellow spots. Posterior to the greenish- yellow throat the venter was an orangish-yellow. The midventral line was slightly green, and the upper eyelids had two bright yellow bars. The specimens after preservation lose their bright coloration. The dorsa vary from dark grayish-green to tan. The sides are slightly lighter than the dorsum and have black spots. The venters are whitish, but some specimens retain the green midventral line. If prominent, the spots on the hindlimbs are pale blue; black spots on the forelimbs are pre- valent in the males but are absent in the females. The shoulder pattern is almost identical in all specimen, except for a variation in color of the vertical bar. The bar varies from a whitish-green to almost white. On the throat, the paramedian black stripes are broken in several specimens, and the black stripes parallel to the paramedian 148 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington stripes differ in size and number. The throat backgrounds range from brownish-green to pale grayish-green. The nuchal black bar and the sacral black bar are present and follow the same pattern as the type. The tips of the unregenerated tails have alternating light and dark brown banding. The band that extends posteriorly from the upper temporals almost to the shoulder pattern varies from dark to light brown. The auricular scales and the lower temporals are dark blue in some specimens and grayish-white in others. Comparison.—To distinguish marcropus and immaculatus from koop- mani, the throat pattern and the shoulder markings are sufficient; neither macropus or immaculatus has a definite black striped throat pattern as does koopmani. The shoulder pattern of macropus, in which a thin verti- eal white bar is present upon a large area of black, will readily dis- tinguish this subspecies from koopmani; when macropus has a vertical white bar on an area unicolor with the sides no black spots are present, and this again will differentiate it from koopmant. The shoulder pattern of immaculatus differs from that of koopmant by either lacking the vertical white bar, or, if the white bar is present, the black spots are lacking. The throat pattern of hoplites has the definite black diagonal stripe and the black lateral stripe beside the paramedian stripe. The diagonal stripe may be present in kKoopmant, but it is not so definite as in hoplites. The lateral stripe is lacking in koopmani. The vertical white bar con- fluent with the horizontal white bar in hoplites is not found in koopmani, nor is the large black area anterior to the vertical bar present in koopmani. Again, in hyacinthurus the diagonal black stripe of the throat pattern is present. The area between the paramedian stripe and diagonal stripe is occupied by black spots in hyacinthurus; whereas this area in koop- mani has short black stripes. The shoulder markings differ in that hyacinthurus has a black area anterior to the vartical bar, and koopmani has black spots anterior to the vertical bar. Isla de Pinos specimen.—An uncatalogued specimen of L. macroups has been borrowed from the Universidad de la Habana collection. The locality of the specimen is supposedly Punta del Este, Isla de Pinos. I have examined the specimen, and it has the faintly marked throat of the race macropus; also the shoulder marking consists of a small vertical white bar surrounded by a large black area, another characteristic of the nominate race. The scale counts fall within the range of macropus (Table I). Collections were made at Punta del Este in the summer of 1958 by Dr. Schwartz and myself; no L. macropus were obtained. The habitat is ideal for L. macropus, but the area is occupied by L. cubenis. As yet L. macropus has not bee found anywhere in the same habitats occupied by L. cubenis or L. stictigaster. I regard the specimen as having been mislabeled, and it is probably a specimen of L. m. macropus from Oriente. halus Macropus Cope 149 10cep zard Le ~ q L species New Sub sndoLopu “Fo 16 9¢ 6€ FG PT SOUL] Op BIST 13) uCCE-Ga) (ee vupudooy SLE (FE-Ee) 2°EE (22-06) al (GG-E¢) 9O'FG (€-3) #3 CiieL 298 (ELLY 0 Sr 9-F FE G-F hile OS 6S OW Joep reUtg a SRINYPUWIIDRY 6G O€ 1G FG eT SRILA SUT “sndo1ovuU srpydaroraT JO suotyejndod vay Jo uorY[Ros uO BAG :T equ sayzydoy (86-93) BL (68-1) 8°Se (68-1€) SFE (93-61) 232 (T9-9G) 9°4¢ (a) Gt (IL-F) 36 (CAO hoi G-P € = CE Sti AONS BULB) sndosopu (Tespay: fe (ipsa) Gice (Gt-GZ) O'8e (13-61) 0°&3 (19-9¢) #19 (G-3) ¢g (8-9) ZL (OI- Th! 6 LE OL-F F-& 1-8 Lee Ober T OJ UILIGC) sotvedsqny Be 8 OO] ane "tsseess NOV 10 1959 LIBRARY & as 152 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington each collection site is deeply shaded, very humid, and usually well drained. The oniscoid polydesmid Desmonus earlei has been collected with it at four sites. The new collection records for O. underwoodi are listed below: Alabama: Choctaw Co. Bladon Springs State Park, under magnolia leaves, 1 2; 3 miles northwest of Bladon Springs on highway 6, 2 4, 6 9, June 19, 1959. Lee Co. Chewacla State Park, 5 miles south of Auburn, in humus in dense mixed woods to the right of the bath house, 4 ¢@, 292, June 14, 1959. Florida: Jackson Co. Florida Caverns State Park, near Marianna, under a layer of moss on a rock at the entrance to the Natural Bridge, SG Miay: sO mlonSs Mississippi: Jackson Co. Ocean Springs, under 3 or 4 inches of fallen bark from a pine stump in marshy ground across Halstead Road from the entrance to the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, 1 ¢6, 6 2, mating, 3 larvae, Oct. 1, 1958. The following June I visited this site again; it was dry, and I found no more millipeds. The body surface of Onomeris wnderwoodi is smooth and shining and covered with a fine pubescence that can easily be seen on dry specimens with a stereomiscroscope; Cook reported that it is ‘‘ finely punctate’’ and did not mention the pubescence. Specimens in which the color is devel- oped are brown or black-brown with two large, lateral, almost colorless, ovoid areas on segments 2 through 11. The margins of all tergites, most of the head, the antennae, the legs, and the venter are also colorless. The almost colorless first segment is crossed by two horizontal brown lines. Five colorless ocelli are in a single series, and at the posterior end of the series and slightly below it is one black ocellus. Segments 1 and 2 are as in Trichomeris sinuata except that on segment 2 there are 4 or 5 stri-e across the dorsum. Segment 2 through 11 have the posterior rorg «of the tergites straight. The combined length of segments 10 eae AS is equal to the length of segment 9. The last segment is large and ood-like, with the posterior margin straight in the female and slightly coneave in the male. This character makes it possible to dis- tinguish the sexes even when the animals are tightly coiled. The body width is from about 2.1 to 2.7 mm. The length is between about 4.1 and 5 mm. The male is usually about ten per cent smaller than the female. In the male, the seventeenth legs consist of a lamellar, divided coxo- sternum and a telopodite composed of three small segments. The eight- eenth legs consist of a lamellar, undivided coxosternum and a telopodite composed of four small segments; the thickness of the distal segment is slightly less than that of the others and it is covered with short setae. The nineteenth legs, or gonopods, are much larger than the two pre- ceding pairs; between them is a single, medial sternal process that is rounded at the apex, and adjacent to it is a pair of slightly longer processes that are acute at the apex and setose along the mesial surface. The telopodite of the gonopods is composed of four segments. Hach of the first and second segments bears a mesially directed, finger-like process with a single long seta at the apex; the processes are similar except that the first one is about twice as thick and twice as long as the second. The second and third segments bear two mesially directed processes that are finely and inconspicuously corrugated; both are nar- . New Records of Onomeris Underwoodi Cook 153 rowed at the apex, but the proximal one is much broader at the base than the more distal one. The terminal segment of the telopodite is curved mesiad, resembling in shape and in length the processes of the three basal segments; it bears a small, inconspicuous subterminal spine. Variation. One of the three males from Florida Caverns State Park has been dissected. It differs from all of the others in my collection in that the medial sternal process between the gonopods is slightly broader and the ventral margin is slightly indented in the middle. The indenta- tion is not all as deep as in O. australora. Relationship. The only other species in the genus, Onomeris australora, is similar to O. underwoodi in size and color pattern, but it is reported (Hoffman, 1950) to differ in the absence of pubescence on the body surface and in the absence of the following details from the telopodite of the gonopods: a mesial process on the first segment, a long seta on the apex of the mesial process of the second segment, and a subterminal spine on the terminal segment. So many differences suggest that the two species may not be congeneric. I have never seen O. australora. REFERENCES Cook, O. F. 1896. An American glomeroid. Brandtia, no. 10, pp. 43-45. Hoffman, Richard L. 1950. Records and descriptions of diplopods from the southern Appalachians. Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soe., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 11-33, figs. 1-32. Loomis, H. F. 1943. New cave and epigean millipeds of the United States, with notes on some established species. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. 92, no. 7, pp. 371, 410, text figs. 1-18, pl. 1. Silvestri, Filippo. 1929. Descrizione di un nuovo Diplopodo della famiglia Gloreridae della California. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, vol. 22, pp. 198-203, 2 figs. 154 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington — $74,0673 Vol. 72, pp. 155-158 November 4, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW RACE OF NIGHTHAWK FROM THE UPPER MAGDALENA VALLEY OF COLOMBIA By ALDEN H. MILLER Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Previous studies of the birds of the upper Magdalena Valley of Colombia (Miller, Auk, 64: 351-381, 1947; ibid., 60: 450-457, 1952) have shown that this semi-arid basin is the center of several racial differentiates some of which show pale coloration in one form or another (Miller, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., 65: 13-17, 1952). The nighthawks of the species Chordeiles acutipennis of this area have been restudied fol- lowing the assemblage of comparative material that is more adequate than that previously available. This has revealed that there is a pale differentiate of this species also which breeds in the Magdalena basin. The manifestation of reduced pigmentation in the Magdalena sample of Chordeiles acutipennis is almost entirely in the ventral plumage unlike the situation in the races C. a. aequatorialis and C. a. exilis in the arid belts of Ecuador and Peri, which are pale dorsally. The pallor is variably expressed in the six available specimens of the Magdalena population. It is most consistent in the under tail coverts by reason of the greatly reduced barring of this area, but it also is evident in the re- duced width of the dark bars and stripes of the belly and breast. The light ground color of the underparts becomes very pale, particularly on the breast, in certain individuals, notably in two of the four males, One of these two is an adult and the other a first-year bird judged by the criteria for age established by Selander (Condor, 56:58-62, 1954) for this genus. Also in adults the white wing spot equals or exceeds the maximum in C. a. acutipennis and the white tail spot of the adult males does likewise. These white areas are so difficult to measure consistently and are individually so variable that statistical treatment and validity of an evident trend cannot be offered. The aggregate effect of the several, non-correlated features of paleness is such as to set off the Magdalena group rather distinctly. No one individual in the sample is without expression of one or more of these attributes which distinguish it from other populations of the species that lie nearest geographically. The race of the upper Magdalena basin may be known as Chordeiles acutipennis crissalis new subspecies s10L. Soc. WASH., VoL. 72, 1959 (155 Divitt i jo INE ‘ INSTITU 1\ON NOV 10 1959 LIBRARY 156 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Type.—Adult male, no. 120493 Mus. Vert. Zool., taken 5 kilometers north of Villavieja, 1400 feet, Huila, Colombia, on February 27, 1949, by A. H. Miller; weight 40.1 gm.; testis 5 mm. long; original no. 7334. Diagnosis.—Similar in dark dorsal coloration to Chordeiles acutipennis acutipennis of Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern and eastern Colombia, but differs in reduced barring of crissum and under tail coverts, the bars either obsolete or the area immaculate; dark bars of underparts to varying degree narrower; ground color of underparts average paler buff. Size as in C. a. acutipenms. Range.—Tropical Zone of the upper Magdalena Valley in the Depart- ment of Huila, Colombia. Specimens examined.—C. a. crissalis, 6: vicinity of Villavieja, Huila, Colombia (C3 adv digs l Mist-yru Ss se airad) 1O> ly slst-yr oO) Oem acutipennis, 20: Surinam (1 ¢); Venezuela (5 66,5 9@); northern Colombia, Dept. Magdalena and Dept. Norte de Santander (4 66, 4 @ ©); southeastern Colombia, Putumayo (1 9). C. a. aequatorialis, 5: coastal Ecuador (3 66,2 92). C. a. exilis, 4: Pera. Compared with C. a. aequatorialis, crissalis is much darker dorsally, especially in the extent of the dusky markings. In ventral coloration there is overlap between these races, although no example of aequatorialis closely approaches in palor the two extreme males of crissalis. Aequatori- alis shows a less extreme tendency than crissalis to reduce the barring of the crissum. The race exilis is even paler dorsally than aequatorialis, but it does not show reduction of the crissal barring. Chapman (Am. Mus. Novitat. No. 67: 2, 1923) has pointed out that aequatorialis 1s intermediate between exilis and C. a. acutipennts. Broadly speaking this is true but it is consistently and well set off from both and is not merely a segment of a cline. It is better characterized as an annectent form rather than an intergrade. Crissalis is in a sense annectent also but its combination of dark and light features of colora- tion suggests it is a modification independent of aequatorials, a separate offshoot of C. a. acutipennis in which some elements of pigment reduction ventrally have gone farther than in its southern desert relatives. There is no connection of suitable habitat known or likely to be found between the Magdalena basin and coastal Ecuador, as the great Andean mountain mass with its subtropical and temperate forest belts intervenes in southern Colombia and central Ecuador. In the Magdalena basin, nighthawks were common in the badlands north of Villavieja near our camp in 1949. They also had been found earlier at gravel patches in pastureland near town. The semiarid scrub environment here contrasts strongly with the humid tropical area in the Putumayo district where I recently took a specimen of C. a. acutipennis in an opening near the river. The four males taken near Villavieja were obtained in January and February and had active testes, 5 or 6 mm. in length; one female on February 9 was not laying but the other on February 5 had an enlarged yellow ovum, 4 mm. in diameter. Grateful acknowledgment is made to Dean Amadon of the American A New Race of Nighthawk from Colombia 157 Musevm of Natural History and to Herbert Friedmann of the United States National Museum for the opportunity to borrow and examine specimens in their charge. I am also indebted to Alexander Wetmore for drawing to my attention the need for comparing certain features of the nighthawks of the Magdalena basin. Transmitted July 26, 1959. 158 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington S5S74,0673 Vol. 72, pp. 159-160 November 4, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ) A NEW RED-TAILED HAWK FROM HONDURAS , By Harry C. OBERHOLSER Identification of hawks in the collection of the late Herbert W. Brandt has revealed a very distinct new subspecies of the Red-tailed Hawk from Honduras. The Brandt collection is now in the Department of Biological Sciences of the University of Cincinnati, under the jurisdiction of the Univer- sity of Cincinnati Museum at Cincinnati, Ohio. The curator of the bird collection of this university, Mr. Emerson Kemsies, has graciously given the present writer permission to publish a description of this new hawk. In view of the remarkable results that Mr. Kemsies has accomplished in ereating and building up the ornithological collection of the Univer- sity of Cincinnati, it seems very appropriate to call this interesting new bird Buteo jamaicensis kemsiesi, new subspecies Subspecific characters.—Resembling Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis in size, but with upper surface, including the tail, paler; light bars of tertials and secondaries usually with more buff and rufous; lower parts much lighter (more whitish), particularly the abdomen, thighs, and under tail coverts; and upper abdomen much less heavily streaked, some- times even practically without streaks. Similar to also Buteo jamaicensis calurus, but above darker, more blackish (less brownish) ; below lighter, with fewer and less heavy dark brown streaks on the upper abdomen. Measurements.—Adult male (1 specimen): extent of wing, 1200 mm; wing (3 specimens), 357-380 (average, 367) mm.; adult female (4 specimens): 381-405 (392.8). Type.—Adult male, No. 9676, University of Cincinnati; Tegucigalpa, Honduras; April 15, 1957; C. F. Underwood, original number, A 938. Geographic Distribution.—-Honduras; possibly to Chiapas, Mexico. Remarks.—The 7 examples from Honduras, above measured, were all obtained by the well known collector C. F. Underwood, at the following localities: Tegucigalpa, April 15, 1947; Muin, Intibuea, January 6, 1937; La Laguna, Archaga, June 28, 1937; Las Flores, Archaga, No- vember 10, 1934; La Flor, Archaga, April 3, 1937, May 18, 1937, and June 23, 1935. There is in the United States National Museum a single Red-tailed Hawk from Teopisca, central Chiapas, Mexico, which looks very much like the race here described. This specimen is even a little more whitish (less buffy) below; but darker above, almost as much so as Buteo j. costaricensis. It is here tentatively assigned to Buteo j. kemsiesi; but further pertinent material may show it to belong to another and un deseribed subspecies. 28—Proc. Bio. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 72, 1959 (159) a ZgtHSOry Ay NOV 10 1959 Lin paRN SMITHSONIAN waw 4 ORO ic ' ytil 160 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington me 706 7.3 Vol. 72, pp. 161-166 November 4, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE GENUS VELOIDEA GOULD (HEMIPTERA: VELIIDAE) By Caru J. DRAKE Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. and Davin R. Lauck University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois? The Genus Veloidea Gould (1934) was created to hold Rhagovelia gigantea Gould (1928) from Colombia and Velia vivida Buchanan-White (1878) from Nicaragua; Rhagovelia reposita Drake and Harris (1931) was suppressed therein as a synonym of vivida White. Since 1934, only Veloidea venezo- lana Drake and Roze from Venezuela has been described. Veloidea vivida (Buchanan-White) (fig. 1) is known solely from the type specimen, an apterous female, in the British Museum (Natural History). Mr. Arthur Smith, artist, of the above museum has kindly figured the type for us. This specimen has also been seen by the senior author. Although closely related and rather similar in general aspect, Vcloidea reposita (Drake and Harris) differs from V. vivida (Buchanan-White) in having the seventh connexival segments on each side prolonged back- wards into a sharp spine, instead of truncated (fig. 1). The armature on the inferior side of the hind femora of the female (figs. 1 and 9) is also slightly different in the two species. The male of vivida is un- known, also the alate female. On account of these differences, the au- thors are here restoring V. reposita to the specifie status. Genus Veloidea Gould Veloidea Gould, Jr. Kansas Ent. Soc., Vol. 7, p. 57, 1934. Veloidea is an American genus of water-striders inhabiting the Neo- tropical Region. The members of this genus are quite large and robust. The structural characteristics are very pronounced, especially the modified tarsal claws of the middle and hind legs (fig. 5) and the male genital segments (figs. 2-4) as shown in the illustrations. The species of other American genera of water-striders furnished with blade-like, tarsal structures (Huvelia Drake, Oiovelia Drake and Hottes, and Husseyella Herring) are much smaller, are less robust, and have very different genital structures. Veloidea is closely related to the genera Velia Latreille (1804) and Rhagovelia Mayr (1865), Its members can be separated at once from those of the latter genera by having four, broad, thin, laminate or oe eed in tenure of a National Science Foundation Fellowship. c. BrioLt. Soc. WAsH., VoL. 72, 1959 (161) ~_ HDA a UIs iain N 495° INSTITUTION NOV 10 1959 LIBRARY | 162 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington blade-like structure (fig. 5) on the third tarsal segments of the middle and hind pairs of legs, instead of the paired claws. None of the four described species of Veloidea is represented in our collections by ali of the pterygopolymorphie forms, and the male of one species and the female of another are unknown. On this account, we have prepared a brief compendium with illustrations of each species for specific differentiation. Veloidea gigantea (Gould) (Figs. 4, 8, 10, and 13) Rhagovelia gigantea Gould, Ann. Ent. Soe. Amer., Vol. 21, p. 417, 1928; Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. Vol. 20, p. 46, pl. 5, fig. 1, 1931. Veloidea gigantea Gould, Jr. Kansas Ent. Soc., Vol. 7, p. 59, 1934 Color stramineous to brown. Length, 8.4 mm.; width 2.2 mm. Pro- notum slightly elevated at humeral angles, but not spinosely produced. The Genus Veloidea Gould (Heniptera: Veludae) 168 median length about equal to humeral width. Seventh connexival segment of each side spinosely produced eaudally. Legs hairy, hind femora of female two-spined (fig. 10) as in V. vivida (Buechanan-White). Genital segments, parameres, and suranal structures as shown in figs. 4, 8, and 13, respectively. The apterous and macopterous forms of both sexes are known. Speci- mens are known only from Colombia (Cincinnati and Sierra 8S. Lorenz). 164 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Veloidea vivida (Buchanan-White) (Fig. 1) Velia vivida Buchanan-White, Jr. Linn. Soe. London, Vol. 14, p. 486, 1879; Lethierry et Severin, Cat. Gen. Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Vol. 3, p. 58, 1896; Champion, Biol. Centr.-Americana, Rhynchota Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Vol. 2, p. 143, 1898; Kirkaldy and Terre- Bueno, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 10, p. 205, 1909. Rhagovelia vivida Hungerford, Ann. Ent. Soc. America, Vol. 22, p. 761, 1929; Gould, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., Vol. 20, p. 46, 1931. Veloidea vivida Gould, Jr. Kansas Ent. Soe., Vol. 7, p. 56, 1934 (in part). Color blackish brown. Length, 7.5 mm.; width, 2.5 mm. Pronotum spinosely produced upward at humeral angles, median length about equal to humeral width. Seventh connexival segment of each side not produced caudally. Legs hairy; hind female femora two-spined (fig. 1). Known only from the apterous, female type from Nicaragua in the British Museum (Natural History). Veloidea reposita (Drake and Harris) (Fig. 2, 5, 6, 9, and 11) Khagovelia reposita Drake and Harris, Pan-Pacific Ent., Vol. 8, p. 33, 1931. Veloidea vivida Gould, Jr. Kansas Ent. Soe., Vol. 7, p. 56, 1934 (in part). Color blackish brown. Length, 9.1-9.8 mm.; width 2.8-3.0 mm. Pro- notum spinosely produced upwards at humeral angles, median length about equal to humeral width. Seventh connexival segment of each side spinosely produced caudally. Legs hairy; hind female femora two- to four-spined, with lst spine near middle (fig. 9). Genital segments, parameres, and suranal structures as shown in figs. 2, 6, and 11, re- spectively. Apterous male and macopterous forms of both sexes have been de- scribed. Known only from the type series of many specimens from Guatemala (Chiquimula). Veloidea venezolana Drake and Roze (Figs. 3, 7, and 12) Veloidea venezolana Drake and Roze, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Vol. 50, De WOO; WOR. Color stramineous. Length 7.25 mm.; width 2.30 mm. Pronotum ex- tremely coarsely punctate, reduced with median length greater than humeral width, not produced at humeral angles. Seventh connexival segment, parameres, and suranal structures as shown in figs. 3, 7, and 12, respectively. Known only from the apterous, male holotype from Venezuela (Quinagvina) in the Drake Collection (USNM). EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Veloidea vivida (Buchanan-White) (apterous @ type). Fig. 2. Veloidea reposita (Drake and Harris), 6 genital segments. Fig. 3. Veloidae venezgolana (Drake and Roze), 6 genital segment. Fig. 4. Veloidea gigantea (Gould), ¢ genital segment. ‘Fig. 5. Veloidea reposita (Drake and Harris), hind tarsus showing lamillate plates. Fig. 6. Veloidea reposita (Drake and Harris), right ¢@ paramere. Fig. 7. Veloidea venezolana Drake and Roze, righ 6 paramere. Fig. 8. Veloidea gigantea (Gould), right ¢ paramere. Fig. 9. Veloidea reposita (Drake and Harris), right 2 femur. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. The Genus Veloidea Gould (Hemiptera: Veliidae) 165 10. Veloidea gigantea (Gould), right 9 femur. 11. Veloidea reposita (Drake and Harris), ¢ anal segment showing suranal structures. 12. Veloidea venezolana (Drake and Roze), 6 anal segment show- ing suranal structures. 13. Veloidea gigantea (Gould), ¢ anal segment showing suranal structures. ey yy) i bay 0° 7S Vol. 72, pp. 167-170 November 4, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW SUBSPECIES OF PEROMYSCUS DIFFICILIS FROM MEXICO DoNnALD F’. HorrMEISTER and LUIS DE LA TORRE Museum of Natural History, Umversity of Illinois Recently we have studied the variation within the species Peromyscus difficilis. A review of the individual and geo- graphic variation throughout the range of this species indi- eates there occur two groups of populations which in our opinion represent undescribed geographic races. These are as follows: Peromyscus difficilis petricola new subspecies Type.—Female, adult, No. 33239, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., from 12 mi. E. San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9000 ft., Coahuila, Mexico, col- lected by W. Kim Clark, August 2, 1949, original no. 979. Range.—The Sierra Madre Oriental of southeastern Coahuila and southwestern Tamaulipas and probably northern San Luis Potosi and southern Nuevo Leon. Diagnosis.—A race of Peromyscus difficilis characterized by long body, relatively short tail with head and body averaging about 95 per cent of tail length (in topotypes), relatively short hind foot (in topo- types), greatly inflated auditory bullae, broad braincase, broad inter- orbital region, long skull (particularly long nasals, toothrow, and pala- tine slits), dark color and lacking the ochraeceous of some subspecies. Comparisons.—From P. d. difficilis, petricola differs as follows: pelage on dorsum has peppery appearance and slightly less ochraceous; cheeks less buffy; underparts more blackish as a result of shorter white tips on the hairs; body longer, especially relative to tail; hind foot smaller (in topotypes of petricola); auditory bullae larger; braincase broader; skull slightly longer, as reflected by longer nasals, palatine slits, diastema, upper toothrow, and postpalatal region. From P. nasutus nasutus from Coahuila, petricola differs as follows: color darker, with more blackish, less ochraceous, and a more pro- nounced peppery appearance; cheeks less buffy; underparts darker; body longer; ear larger; auditory bullae larger; skull longer, especially as petricola as a distinct species. Increased inflation of the auditory bullae seems to be the only feature that might set petricola aside as a distinct oa 3 0— PROC. Biot. Soc. WASH., Vou. 72, 1959 (167) \ Siit FHSONIAN argaag A ‘nstituTion NOV 4 IQRS 168 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington species, and, on the basis of one feature, which is not distinctive in all shown by longer nasals, diastema, palatine slits, postpalatal region, and upper toothrow; braincase broader. Remarks.—P. d. petricola is a dark-colored, large-sized race with greatly inflated auditory bullae. The bullae are larger than in most other populations of P. difficilis, and some persons might elect to regard specimens, we regard it as a race of P. difficilis. The large series from Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, is similar to topotypes in color and in large size. In some other features, such as relative length of tail, they differ from these topotypes and possess some of the characteristics of difficilis. This difference of the Tamaulipan population suggests that intergradation occurs between petricola and difficils. We have not seen specimens from San Luis Potosi, and the inclusion of any part of this state within the range of petricola is tentative. The name petricola is here used as a noun meaning “rock dweller.” Measurements.—Three males, four females, from the type locality: total length, 224.3; length of tail, 115.5; length of hind foot, 23.4; length of ear from notch (dry), 21.4; greatest length of skull, 30.0; basilar length, 22.6; greatest breadth of braincase, 13.9; interorbital constriction, 4.6; length of nasals, 11.5; shelf of bony palate, 4.4; length of palatine slits, 6.4; diastema, 7.7; post palatal length, 10.7; alveolar length of maxillary toothhow, 4.8. Specimens examined.—Total, 21. COAHUILA: 12 mi. E San An- tonio de las Alazanas, 9000 ft.,9 (KU). TAMAULIPAS: Miquihuana, 12 (USBS). Peromyscus difficilis saxicola new subspecies Type.—Female, adult, No. 15963, Univ. of Illinois Mus. Nat. Hist., from Cadereyta, 2100 meters, Querétaro, México, collected by Helmuth O. Wagner, July 14, 1948, original no. 839. Range.—Querétaro and northern half of Hidalgo. Diagnosis.—A race of Peromyscus difficilis characterized by brownish red or ochraceous color, with a reduced overlay of black permitting much of the ochraceous to show; ears more brownish than in other southern subspecies; dorsal tail stripe a mottled brownish; tail long; head and body averages 70.5 to 77 per cent of tail; hind foot not especially long; palate short. Comparisons.—F rom P. d. petricola, saxicola differs as follows: color more ochraceous with a less peppery effect; underparts lighter; sides of face buffier; tail more brownish, less blackish; ears browner; body shorter and tail longer; auditory bullae less inflated; upper toothrow shorter; skull slightly smaller, including nasals, palate, palatine slits; braincase slightly narrower; interorbital region narrower. From P. d. difficilis, saxicola differs as follows: dorsum more ochraceous; sides of face buffier; ears slightly more brownish; tail longer; hind foot smaller; braincase slightly broader; postpalatal region longer; nasals and palate shorter. From P. d. amplus, saxicola differs as follows: color on dorsum paler; Two New Subsp. of Peromyscus Difficilis from Mexico 169 ears lighter; dorsal tail stripe browner; pectoral spot less evident; tail longer; skull smaller in several features including shorter upper tooth- row, nasals, palate, and postpalatal region. Remarks.—The race saxicola is recognizable by its distinctive dull, ochraceous color. It lacks the blackish on the dorsum which adjacent races possess. P. d. saxicola approaches P. d. amplus in color, but has much less blackish and is a smaller animal with a longer tail. Specimens from northern Hidalgo (Encarnacién) are large for the subspecies and in this respect show intergradation with or at least tend toward P. d. petricola. The larger size is not only in external features, but is also reflected by a larger skull, including a long toothrow. Although the specimens are intermediate in some morphological features, in color they are most like sazicola, being only slightly darker than topotypes. The name saxicola is here used as a noun meaning “rock dweller.” Measwrements.—Four males, five females from the type locality: total length, 232.5; length of tail, 134.7; length of hind foot, 23.7; length of ear from notch (dry), 21.6; greatest length of skull, 29.3; basilar length, 22.4; greatest breadth of braincase, 13.5; interorbital constric- tion, 4.5; length of nasals, 11.2; shelf of bony palate, 4.2; length of palatine slits, 6.1; diastema, 7.5; postpalatal length, 10.7; alveolar length of maxillary toothrow, 4.5. Specimens examined.—Total, 62. QUERETARO: Cadereyta, 2000 m., 26 (UL). HIDALGO: Encarnacién, 7 (USBS); Zimapan, 9 (USBS) ; 26 km. E Zimapan, 2 (UM); San Agustin (Metzquitilan), 7 (UI); 7 mi. S Puente de Tasquilla, 5700 ft., 5 (MVZ); Ixmiquilpa4n, 6 (USBS). We wish to thank Stanley P. Young, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, and Sydney Anderson and E. Raymond Hall, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, for the loan of material. = Ss ~ © SS) a wH = ~~ Ss > > S S Ss CONE mS Ss S a) S Ss sS S ess RQ i) re ores aioe i) ~ DS S XS} i) D S = Ry (=) l~ J $74,0673 Vol. 72, pp. 171-172 November 4, 1959 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE BACULUM IN THE WOOD RAT NEOTOMA STEPHENSI DoNALD F. HoFFMEISTER and LUIS DE LA TORRE Museum of Natural History, Unversity of Illinois The wood rat Neotoma stephenst has frequently been con- fused with similar species, especially Neotoma lepida, N. albigula, and N. mexicana. Originally described as a species (Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., 18: 32, 1905), it was shortly thereafter designated as a subspecies of N. lepida (Goldman, No. Amer. Fauna, 31: 80, 1910). A decade later, the same author again regarded stephens as a distinct species (Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 13: 66, 1932). More recent workers (Hooper, Miscell. Publ. Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool., 51: 35, 1941, and others) have intimated that stephensi was conspecific with lepida. The taxonomic status and characters of N. stephensi have thus been far from clear. By employing a combination of characters, including color, hairiness of tail, and features of the skull, N. stephensi can be distinguished from N. lepida, N. albigula, and N. mexicana. Recent study of N. stephensi shows that its baculum is distinct from that of all other Neotoma and not only serves to distinguish this species from lepida, albigula, and mexicana, but clearly demonstrates its specific distinctness. The baculum in stephensi is exclamation-mark-shaped or wedge-shaped (see fig. 1A). It is smaller than in any species known to occur in the United States. In one fully adult specimen the bone is 5.0 mm. long. In four young adults, the length is 4.1, 3.5, 3.1, and 3.1 mm., respectively. In an immature, the length is 2.4 mm. The bone in the immatures and young adults follows the basic plan of that in adult specimens. One adult has the baculum unusually broad along the proximal half, although still wedge-shaped. Its length is only 2.9 mm. The baculum in N. stephensi is one-fifth the length of that in lepida and differs from it markedly in shape. The basal portion is much nar- rower than in albigula and of a different shape than in mexicana. It is of about the same size as in Neotoma (Teanopus) phenax, except the sides are not indented and thus not violin-shaped. If, on the basis of the structure of the baculum alone, one were to estimate the relative taxonomic position of N. stephensi, the conclusion would be that it is nearest to N. mexicana and N. phenax. However, as | 31—Proc. BioL. Soc. WASsH., VoL. 72, 1959 (E71) = (Sh, 7A, th WH SCMINOUDUG ee eee 69, 71, 72 Sphiaerodesmisi es 178, 180, 181 SAA CLS yee ere Re es 180 Spillman, T. Tia a Saath Peer siiaaerey iv spilosoma ammophilus, Citelliisy te se ee 37, 38 ALENS ye Citelliiicny eee: 38 canescens, Citellus — 38 Citellisi eee ee SY), Se reyes, ~ (Gans 2 38 pallescens, Citellus ___ 38 spinifera, Cypridopsis 63 splendida, Megacoelidia — 55-58 Stenorrhina ferminvilli peSroaanwoOUbl wee 86, 87 RIC te ain, as ee eee cent en ws 86, 87 stenotis, Hipposideros ees 184 Stephensin eNeotomaly WAL, 7 stictigaster, Leicophalus _. 148 striolata, Cypridopsis — 63 stuarti, Dryadophis ani@llenavolkoyenS ee ee 83 subpallida, Hylocichla HLS CES CE TIS mim een nae 33-35 SHCHECUIC, Welig 99 sumichrasti, Loxecemus ___ 82 T Wadlayenley llomlne 185, 186 cobourgiana 185=186 Ihoverig ies eo ea ree 185, 186 MOO ler Sis see een eee 185, 186 tamae, Henicorhina IWSICOMONTPS? 124 Abani aie ae cee Pe 91 DOCOUTA sae A a 87 GOMOMaGloy 87 Taphrodesmus 180 (Teanopus) phenax, “Neotoma 171 Tettigonia rubescens 25 TEIMEWETROPDIOTIS oa tay 91 Thalerophis diplotropis __ 88 ipa nop hisses nee ene 91 chiysocephalus) == se = 89 CY GTOpPSiS wee ee Le 91 CVClideSite a ee ee 89 scalaris godmani ae 89 ALT OMIas Ofny;s yee en ee He, ts) 9 oenax : oh ee pyrrhorhinus ~ et ae 2 6 Mhomomiys bottae 127, 129-131 ATEN Spee te el ae 132 Canelocisis,. == = en a 131-132 CATT oe ae a 130), 131 Gataliniaer sae a) 2a 130, 131 Joo esate ti SE Ne ee no ee 130, 131 intermedius EAC lect se 129, 130 MILOCUCIIS see ee 132 proximus se I Pe 128, 130, 132 homormiy Sw Untie ee 1272128 burti a EE re 127, 128 quercinus eeeus 128 Thomomys fulvus intermedius ay 127-130 umbrinus / 127-129 burti : WAVES alets: intermedius 127-129 quercinus 2 128, 129 tocuyensis, Arremon ; 125, 126 Arremonops ; 125, 126 Toluca conica 88 tonsa, Cypridopsis 63 toyensis, Cypridcpsis 63 triaspis intermedia, Elaphe 83 196 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Trichomeris sinuata _.______ 1G, WS Ruichopetalinae == 75-78 Unigenobyla 2. se 75-78 DakGa® peetsceewe ee 2) ee 76, 77 CYL g? ie ie a ae Sea a 76, 77 trigonella, Cypridopsis —. 63 PIE TE SU aU Sy ee 91 Trimorphodon biscutatus SEMMGUEIS) Ske ee a ee 88 laititas clay een eee ares 88 troglodytes pacificus, IMRONOGSAGSS se 16 salebrosus, Troglodytes... 16, 17 Troglodytes troglodytes DACHICUS) 2 elas eel 16 salebrosus _ 16, 17 (MROMNCAUING, IEMA 2 118 Tropidodipsas guerreroensis - 88, 90 Trypoxylon bridwelli —._. 101 RACIMAKGSI | Dee ee ee 101-102 (Trypoxylon) richardsi, SERV OXY) Ora ee ee ee 101-102 Trypoxylo rufidens _.......... 102 Trypoxylon (T.) frigidum ___ 101 Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) Tal bale tS stony WR cee ene eee es 101-102 tumidula, Cypridopsis 63 Elsy ao ial @p tcl ale yee 81 Heys a Gp 'Sy jae cere en 91 Typholops braminus —............. 81, 91 Tyranniscus uropygialis 123 U umbrinus burti, Thomomys 127, 128 intermedius, Thomomys.. 127-129 quercinus, Thomomys —_. 128, 129 IDMOWNCMTOAWG 2 oe cee 127-129 wrnolaia, (Clana . 2. 2. ae oe 30 Coeliditantay= eee 30 undatus, Platymetopius _. 30 underwoodi, Onomeris _...... 151-153 undulatus, Bothrops pene 2 89 unicaudata, Potamocypris 134 ianicollore, Iimbbine —. 84 uropygialis, Mecocerculus 123 uropygialis, Tyranniscus _... 123 V Vavay dinicentty ae ee 76, 77 Warmly... SN is ee ake ou 102 variegata, Potamocypris 136 Velia Ne heat, ashley al bas el 161 SUAnvd Clg mule wen ane wees 161, 163, 164 Weloideas” Wixi ei ses ate Bea 161-165 Veloidea gigantea 162, 164, 165 KEPOSIta: 2a ee 161, 164, 165 WEIAOZAOUASNE, aa 161, 164, 165 Wivadlal oc. se as Seer SO 164 venezolana, Veloidea _......... 161, 164, 165 venezuelensis, Henicorhina NEWCO ATS aa es 124, 125 Vermivora chrusoptera 125 Chigysop tera 125 lawrence 22) 125 Pinus’) Se eee 125 Wibley Hi. ss (es oe 2 eee iv vidua, Cypridopsis —...__.___ 59, 64, 146 Cy pris? 2 eee eee 59 viduella, Cypridopsis —..-. 64 viduus, Conophis vittatus 82, 83 villosa, Potamocypris 136 Win sAbonenme, VETOES ee 12, id! virginica, Chionanthus 101 vittatus, Conophis vittatus 82, 83 viduus, Conophis 82, 83 vittatus, Conophis 82, 83 vivida, Rhagovelia 164 vivida. Velia 22 aaa 161, 163, 164 wanwGla, WE8O@ICIeA 164 W j walkeri, Nyctophilus |... 184, 185 Walton, Margaret, and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr... 39-44 Wweincbanh, OrriezopnyS 2 8 wavrini, Pseudoryzomys ___ 9 wavula > 32 eee 98, 99 Wavula, [Felis concolor] Vat. en 99 Wetmore, Alexander 19-22 whitelyi, Mazama americana 53 W tedoitty’s. 2.022 eee 5-9 FONSI MOTIUTNOS a ae ene 4 7 WOlhh oO tanlOGy pissin 136 wrighti, Colpothrinax 118 xX Xenocoelidia 30 colombiana 28, 31 YOUNG >. eee 28, 30, 31 Y youngi, Xenocoelidia _.. _.... 28, 30, 31 yucatanensis, Cypridopsis 60, 64 Ls zschokkei, Potamocypris —. 136 Luck (GeorgenR, oat ee 139-150 zuliana, Coeligena coeligena 122 zuloagae, Coeligena coeligena 121-122 Zygonopus 76 4 B7¢.OG7A PROCEEDINGS Biological Society of Washington VOLUME 73 1960 WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY ++ > THE EDITORIAL BOARD HENRY W. SETZER, Chairman FREDERICK M. BAYER RALPH E. CRABILL, JR. A. C. SMITH All correspondence should be addressed to the Biological Society of Washington, ‘/, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. THE ALLEN PRESS LAWRENCE, KANSAS OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON (FOR 1960-1961) (ELECTED 16 JUNE 1960) OFFICERS President DAVID H. JOHNSON Vice-Presidents (In the order of election ) A. C. SMITH ALLEN J. DUVALL C. F. W. MUESEBECK HENRY W. SETZER Recording Secretary JOHN L. PARADISO Corresponding Secretary JOHN L. PARADISO Treasurer JOHN W. ARMSTRONG Custodian of Publications DAVID H. JOHNSON COUNCIL Elected Members C. O. HANDLEY, JR. L. M. RUSSELL J. P. E. MORRISON VS, SGCHANTEZ Ex-Presidents J. W. ALDRICH HUGH T. O’NEIL H. G. DEIGNAN HOWARD B. OWENS HERBERT FRIEDMANN J. S. WADE H. H. T. JACKSON E. P. WALKER H. C. OBERHOLSER A. WETMORE STANDING COMMITTEES—1960-1961 Committee on Communications H. A. Bortruwick J. Francis ALLEN Joun H. FALEs Committee on Zoological Nomenclature A. Wetmore, Chairman H. A. ReEHpEeR C. F. W. MuESEBECK Committee on Publications Henry W. Serzer, Chairman FREDERICK M. BAYER RALPH FE. CRrABILL, JR. A. C. Smit EX-PRESIDENTS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON * THEODORE N. GiL, 1881, 1882 *CHaArxEs A. WHITE, 1883, 1884 *G. Brown Goong, 1885, 1886 *WiLLiAM H. Daun, 1887, 1888 *LESTER F. Warp, 1889, 1890 *C, Hart Merriam, 1891, 1892 *C. V. Ritey, 1893, 1894 *Cro. M. STERNBERG, 1895, 1896 *L. O. Howarp, 1897, 1898 * FREDERICK V. COvVILLE, 1899, 1900 *F A. Lucas, 1901, 1902 *B. W. EvERMANN, 1903, 1904 *F. H. KNow.Ton, 1905, 1906 *L. STEJNEGER, 1907, 1908 *T. S. PALMER, 1909, 1910 *Davip WuireE, 1911 *i, W. NE.Lson, 1912, 1913 *PauL Bartscu, 1914, 1915 *W. P. Hay, 1916, 1917 *]. N. Rose, 1918 *Hucu M. Smiru, 1919 *A.D. Hopkins, 1920 *N. Houuister, 1921 * VERNON BAILEY, 1922 *A.S. Hircucock, 1923 *]. W. GipLey, 1924 *S. A. Rowurer, 1925 H. C. OBERHOLSER, 1926-1927 *K. A. GOLDMAN, 1927-1929 ALEXANDER WETMORE, 1929-1931 H. H. T. Jackson, 1931-1933 *C. E. CHamsuiss, 1933-1936 *H. C. Futuer, 1936-1938 *W.B. BELL, 1938-1940 E. P. WALKER, 1940-1942 *H. B. Humpurey, 1942-1944 *F. THONE, 1944-1946 J. S. WabeE, 1946-1947 J. W. ALpricu, 1947-1949 *F, C. Lincoin, 1949-1951 *W. A. Dayton, 1951-1955 H. G. DeIcnan, 1953-1955 Hucu T. O’NetL, 1955-1956 HERBERT FRIEDMANN, 1957-1958 Howarp B. Ow Ens, 1959-1960 * Deceased. TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 73 Ashlock, Peter D. New synonymies and generic changes in the Lygaeidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Bayer, Frederick M., and Elisabeth Deichmann. The Ellisel- lidae (Octocorallia) and their bearing on the zoogeography BeMIEESReOmy PICHIC. 28 ————., and H. Adair Fehlmann. The discovery of a fresh- water opisthobranchiate mollusk, Acochlidium amboinense meee tie Patan Islands, Burleigh, Thomas D. Geographic variation in the western wood pewee (Contopus sordidulus). _.........-..--------------------- Causey, David. Octolasmis dawsoni, new species (Cirripedia: Lepadidae) from Bathynomus giganteus, ___.---------- Causey, Nell B. Speostriaria, new genus (Diplopoda: Chor- deumida: Chordeumidea: Striariidae). ____-..-__----_--__- Millipeds collected in Guatemalan caves, including Calymmodesmus inquinatus n. sp (Stylodesmidae: Poly- a 3h. phous eel Ae ele Ati SOD MES UTA ne veal ca ee oe Chamberlin, Ralph V. A new marine centiped from the Cali- ES ae ee Ae Five new western geophilid Chilopods. _....__. Cohen, Daniel M. Notes on a small collection of liparid fishes Mumeatesecriony Sea. ie si ate oe Crabill, R. E., Jr. On the identity of Stenophilus grenadae (Chamberlin) with a key to the known North American congeners (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Himantariidae). Deichmann, Elisabeth: see, Bayer, Frederick M. Downs, Robert J.: see, Smith, Lyman B. Durrant, Stephen D.: see, Lee, M. Raymond Elbel, Robert E., and K. C. Emerson. A new species of Kurodaia (Mallophaga: Amblycera) from the collared nna ge ilvtlavicl, ot wee Emerson, K. C. Two new species of Craspedorrhynchus ( Mal- Geameen) tom. North America 28 Notes on the Osborn Mallophaga types. —... —.: see, Elbel, Robert E. Fehlmann, H. Adair: see, Bayer, Frederick M. Foote, Richard H. Notes on some North American Tephritidae, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species Lg ES ARES ET eve AE RES SP Da Ae Ee ee A Hall, E. Raymond, and Charles A. Long. A new subspecies of pocket gopher (Thomomys umbrinus) from Sinaloa, Mex- ico, with comments on T. u. sinaloae and T. u. evexus. _.. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Margaret Walton. A new crayfish of the genus ’Procambarus from southern Alabama ( De- EC IS SE CIR Ae en Se OT Hoffman, Richard L. Studies on spiroboloid millipeds. V. The correct identity of the genus Rhinocricus based upon a study of its type species. PRESEN SA A DERE ee eae 4 Jost HSOn, S : £ oa G) =" c . ) © Ss BRA RY 6 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington assumed that parcus would likewise prove to represent the same genus. With the subsequent refinement of generic and specific lim- its by Pocock’s successors, however, it became evident that most of the older diplopod genera (including Rhinocricus) desirably should be fragmented into numerous smaller and more homogeneous groups the definition thereof depending chiefly upon the structure of the male genitalia. Down to the present, about 30 generic names have been proposed for vari- ous groups of rhinocricids, including a considerable number for West Indian forms. These names, unfortunately, have with- out exception been thrust into the literature solely upon the naive and myopic assumption that Pocock’s original surmise about the identity of R. parcus was correct. This is unseemly. If we discard old ideas about generic limits we must in consis- tency hold in suspicion the old inferences about identities as well. It is most curious that Pocock did not take the trouble to borrow Karsch’s type specimens, a precaution apparently dis- regarded by all subsequent workers, insofar as I can determine. Count Attems found a much easier, if unorthodox, way around the difficulty: in 1914 he merely stated that Rhinocricus beau- forti Attems (which at that time had not even been described! ) was the type species of Rhinocricus in the strict sense. It can be appreciated that as things still stand, the family Rhinocricidae has had all the nomenclatorial stability of a house of cards, and that eventually something would have to be done about the identity of the true type species of the typical genus. The matter was nearly solved in 1941 when H. F. Loomis reported the collection of R. parcus (the identification almost certainly correct) in Puerto Rico by Dr. P. J. Darlington. Un- fortunately no males were taken; Loomis could only note de- tails of body form and sculpture, but his account is the only published record of the species since the time of its description. In face of the probability that the original types of R. parcus are now either lost or destroyed, the eventual resolution of the problem has seemed to depend upon the collection of topo- typical specimens from Puerto Rico. Fortunately, however, this requirement was recently obviated, and dispatch of the Rhinocricus question greatly accelerated, by a series of events including the following: (1) following the death of Dr. O. F. Studies on Spiroboloid Millipeds 7 Cook in 1949 a considerable quantity of his myriapod collection was returned to the U. S. National Museum, (2) the efforts of curator Ralph E. Crabill have resulted in reconditioning and assembling for the first time all of the Museum’s extensive hold- ings in myriapod groups, and (3) the present writer was en- abled to devote abundant time and effort to the examination of said material. During this activity two very interesting items were found: a microscopic slide mount of one of the posterior gonopods of the male cotype of R. parcus, and a jar containing several collections of a rhinocricid from Puerto Rico which agrees in every detail with the aforesaid slide mount. As there can be no doubt that these specimens are strictly conspecific with the cotypes of Rhinocricus parcus, it is now possible to establish the characters of the genus. Unfortunately, Rhinocricus parcus is clearly not congeneric with the great majority of American species which have tra- ditionally been included in Rhinocricus. These species will have to be covered with another (or several more) generic name, but since there is now some dissention about the defini- tion of genera in the Rhinocricidae, this matter may be de- ferred for future settlement. Rhinocricus in the current usage is undoubtedly heterogeneous, but I do not think that arbitrary groupings on the basis of scobinae and antennal sensory cones will provide a natural generic system. A certain number of groups of American rhinocricids have been set off as genera on the basis of well-marked characters of the gonopods; these include Cubocricus, Nesobolus, and Neocricus, for instance. Some others appear to be fairly well defined by non-sexual de- velopments, such as the species of Thyroproctus and Oxypyge. Remaining is a great residue of species with basically similar gonopods, the posterior pair of which (the phallopods) termi- nate in a larger, hyaline, laminate blade, and a much smaller, more falciform branch from about the midlength of the telo- podite. This configuration is the common denominator for a large number of species of most variable size, shape, and ex- ternal structure which have generally been considered as “Rhi- nocricus’ by virtually all workers. The presence or absence of scobinae, number of antennal sensory cones, and production of the epiproct into a caudal projection have all been used both singly and in combinations to define various “genera,” but it 8 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington is my conviction that such characters cut across genera based upon gonopod structure, and are at best of specific value. Ob- viously, most of the numerous American species described in Rhinocricus (as well as the several artificial satellite genera ) will have to be carefully restudied, particularly with reference to the normally concealed internal parts of the gonopods, be- fore a rational generic classification can be achieved. In recent years the present writer has suggested a redefinition of Eurhi- nocricus on the basis of gonopod structure instead of external characters, but even this does not result in a clearly distinct group of species. At the present, however, there seems to be no question about the distinctness of the group of species having a simple, falci- form phallopod, which was designated as Cubocricus in 1922 by R. V. Chamberlin, and to which R. parcus clearly is refer- able. The restriction of Rhinocricus to this ensemble throws open the problem of which of the numerous existing generic names are to be used for the redefined American genera. This matter will be simplified somewhat by the compilation of spi- roboloid generic names (now in press ) prepared by Dr. Keeton and me, but it may be mentioned in passing that the second oldest available name (discounting both Oxypyge and Thyro- proctus) for consideration—Anadenobolus Silvestri—poses a serious difficulty. It was based upon Spirobolus politus Porat (1888) from Antigua, a species first referred to Rhinocricus by Pocock in 1894. Porat’s types were females, and insofar as I know, topotypical males remain to be secured. Until this be done, Anadenobolus will remain an outstanding hazard to fur- ther nomenclatorial stability in the family. Genus Rhinocricus Karsch Rhinocricus Karsch, 1881, Zeitschr. Naturwiss., 54: 68 (as subgenus of Spirobolus ).—Pocock, 1894, J. Linnean Soc. London (Zool.), 24: 485. Cubocricus Chamberlin, 1922, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 61(10): 5 (ortho- type: Rhinocricus suprenans Chamberlin, 1918). NEW SYNONYMY. Type species: Spirobolus (Rhinocricus) parcus Karsch, 1881, by sub- sequent designation of Pocock, 1894. Diagnosis: Medium to large rhinocricids characterized by the form of the male gonopods: coleopods typical in form for the family but with deep cavities between coxae and sternite on the anterior side; phallopods with the telopodite slender, unbranched, and falciform. In the known Studies on Spiroboloid Millipeds 9 species antennal sensory cones are numerous and ventral tarsal pads are present in males on at least the anterior legs. Range: Cuba and Puerto Rico [Hispaniola?]. Species: Four are definitely known. In addition, Loomis (1936) con- sidered Julus haitiensis Gervais to be congeneric with the Cuban species, although this allocation will have to be verified. The discovery of species of Rhinocricus in Hispaniola is anticipated. Remarks: The remarkable similarity of the Antillean genus Rhinocricus to Acladocricus of the East Indian region cannot be overlooked. I have had no species of the latter genus for study, but literature descriptions indicate virtual concordance in gonopod structure with typical species of Rhinocricus, and if future comparison of specimens can reveal no dif- ferences, Acladocricus (Brolemann, 1913) will fall as a junior subjective synonym of Rhinocricus. The resulting generic discontinuity finds a par- allel, among diplopods, at least in the archaic genus Glomeridesmus, and numerous families are now largely restricted in their distribution to the two Indies. In addition to a redescription of R. parcus, I include here a roster of its congeners with literature references and some descriptive notes, which should for the present obviate the preparation of a key. As the gonopods are quite similar in all of the known species, specific characters must be drawn largely from details of body form. Rhinocricus parcus Karsch Figs. 1-4 Spirobolus (Rhinocricus) parcus Karsch, 1881, Zeitschr. Naturwiss., 54: 68. Rhinocricus parcus Pocock, 1894, J. Linnean Soc. London (Zool.), 24: 485.—Loomis, 1941, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 88: 38, fig. 11. Type specimens: Cotypes, a male and female, collected by Krug in Puerto Rico, originally in the Berlin Museum (present condition un- known). One phallopod and the first legpair of the male in the U. S. Nat. Mus., Diplopod Type slides 1 and 2. Diagnosis: A small member of the genus with large, deep scobinae on segments 8-12 and with prominent tarsal pads on all legs of the males. Descriptive notes (adult male from Aguirre): A robust, stout-bodied spiroboloid, length ca. 85 mm, greatest diameter, 10.5 mm. Color largely faded from long preservation. Body with 43 segments. Head small, moderately convex, smooth and polished; vertigial and clypeal sutures very short and indistinct, latter detectable nearly to level of antennal sockets. Labrum distinct, recessed below level of clypeus, with three distinct labral teeth all of equal length but the median some- what the largest. Labral setae 10-10, stout, decurved; clypeal setal fove- olae 2-2, the four pits set exactly equidistant from each other. Genae very slightly depressed below antennae, the ventral half of the edges round and immarginate but dorsal half set off by a fine marginal groove. Parietal sclerite distinct, with the shape of an elongate right triangle, its lateral 10 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fic. 1-4 edge set off by a broad elevated margin, the plate otherwise smooth and flat, continuing slope of the head. Ocellaria small and ovoid, about the size of an antennal socket, separated by a distance about 4 times an ocel- larian diameter; each with 24 ocelli in 6 rows, those of the ventralmost row largest. Antennae of moderate length, attaining base of 3rd segment when ap- pressed caudally; antennal articles generally subequal in size except the 2nd, longest, and 6th, widest; the three basal articles glabrous, the four distal becoming increasingly setose; 7th article short, broad, and flattened, with about 20 sensory cones. Collum broad, smooth, symmetrical, the anterior lateral marginal groove indistinct and short, not extending up as far as edge of the parietal sclerite. Pleurotergite of 2nd segment produced cephaloventrad below ends of collum, this portion with a few indistinct grooves. Prozonites of most body segments with a few fine transverse striae on the anterior half; mesozonites and metazonites smooth, but the former with a distinct median suture across the dorsum between the lateral longi- Studies on Spiroboloid Millipeds iil tudinal sutures. Ozopores large and distinct, located in the mesozonites considerably below the level of the lateral sutures (as shown in Fig. 11 of the 1941 paper by Loomis), the peritreme smooth and polished, very slightly elevated. Scobinae (Fig. 4) very large and transverse, occurring on segments 8-13, with the posterior edge of the preceding segments slightly concave in front of each scobina. Pleurites and lower parts of mesozonites and metazonites with very fine striae, these turning dorsad and merging with the transverse striae of the prozonite. Pleurites about two-thirds as wide as long, flat except for the distinctly depressed caudal third. Sternites flat, with about 10-12 distinct transverse striae; stigmata smooth and polished, the stigmal open- ing longitudinally ellipsoid, each located in a circular depression con- fined entirely to the sternum. Legs very short, not attaining level of sides of body when extended and thus invisible in dorsal aspect, the joints smooth and polished, ventral setae 1-1-1-1-1-2, pretarsus small, but slender and acute, with a large dorsal tarsal macroseta near its base. All tarsi with large and conspicuous ventral pads, also the ventral surface of the prefemora calloused and semi- membranous. Legs in front of gonopods without any sort of modifications. Body tapering gradually over the last 15 segments, the two or three segments in front of the anal ring somewhat smaller in proportion and slightly telescoped. Anal segment smooth, with a broad, bluntly triangular epiproct which does not cover more than basal half of the paraprocts. Latter large, only slightly convex, and with distinctly enlarged but not basally margined free edges. Hypoproct large, distinct, its free edge semi- circular, extending laterally as far as ends of the femora of the last legpair. Sympleurite of 7th segment narrow, simple, slightly elevated; with a trace of the median suture evident. Gonopods large, of the form shown in Figs. 1-3. Sternite of coleopods transverse and slightly arched, with a large triangular median projection as typical for the family, slightly sur- passing apices of coxae but shorter than tips of telopodites. In anterior aspect, a deep, semicircular depression occurs on each side between ster- nite and base of coxae. Sternal apodeme of moderate length, slender, a little sinuous. Coxal apodeme short, bluntly acuminate, its base concealed by a small lobe of the coxal posterior edge. A distinct, darkly pigmented median piece separates the bases of the coxae. Telopodite of moderate size, vaguely articulated to the coxa, its distal reflexed lobe only slightly set off by a shallow groove. Phallopods completely separate, not com- pletely concealed within the gonocoel of the coleopods, the apodeme slender at the base and abruptly enlarged and spatulate distally. Coxal portion of phallopod slender, flattened, showing some traces of torsion, merging evenly into the very slender, unbranched, falcate telopodite blade, the latter with the usual small basal enlargement of the seminal groove. In situ, the distal half of the telopodite projects beyond the apices of the coleopod. Material examined: PUERTO RICO: Aguirre, 24 6, 22 9, June 1901; 12 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Aibonito, 1 ¢, 28 June 1901; between Yauco and Guayanilla, 2? 9, July 1901. All collections by O. F. Cook. Variation: Meristic data were taken from the five mature specimens from Aguirre and Aibonito, 3¢ ¢ and 292 2. This small series shows con- siderable homogeneity and no evident sexual dimorphism. Length ranges from 70 to 90 mm (average 82 mm), diameter from 7.5 to 11.5 mm (10.1 mm); segments 43, 43, 43, 44, 45 (43.6); ocelli 24 to 30 (26.3) on each side; labral setae 16 to 22 (18.4). Scobinae occur on segments 8—12 in all except the described male, where they occur on segment 13 as well. The cotypes measured 80 mm (@ ) and 115 mm ( ¢@) in length, both had 43 segments, and scobinae on segments 8-12. Loomis’s female was 64 mm long, 9 mm in diameter, with 44 segments. Apparently the species is not a variable one. Distribution: The specimens obtained by Dr. Cook originated from three localities on the southern half of Puerto Rico. The specimen taken by Darlington in June 1938 came from the Maricao Forest in the south- western portion of the island, and it may be found that the species is re- stricted to the Cordillera Central and its southern foothills. Rhinocricus duvernoyi Karsch Spirobolus (Rhinocricus) duvernoyi Karsch, 1881, Zeitschr. Naturwiss., Bylo WT Rhinocricus duvernoyi Pocock, 1894, J. Linnean Soc. London (Zool.), 24: 496—Chamberlin, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62: 193. Cubocricus duvernoyi Chamberlin, 1922, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 61(10): 5. Type specimen: Female, originally in the Berlin Museum (present status unknown), collected by Otto in Cuba. ' Remarks: The characters of this species are difficult to make out from the original description which provides little more than generic details. Scobinae are said to extend from the 8th to 20th segment, segment number is 50, and the length 135 mm. Chamberlin (1918) associated the name with specimens from three localities in Cuba, representing a species hav- ing 49 to 53 segments and all but the most caudal legs of the males with tarsal pads. Chamberlin’s material came from Santiago de las Vegas and Guanajay, Pinar del Rio Province, and Guantanamo, in Oriente. One is inclined to wonder if perhaps the last record might not be mislabeled or otherwise spurious. Rhinocricus suprenans Chamberlin Rhinocricus suprenans Chamberlin, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62: 193. Cubocricus suprenans Chamberlin, 1922, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 61(10): 5.—Loomis, 1938, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 82: 450. Type specimen: Male, Mus. Comp. Zool., collected at Baracoa, Oriente Prov., Cuba, by W. O. Crosby. Remarks: This form was separated from duvernoyi chiefly on the basis of color differences and less distinct segmental sulci. A perhaps more tangible difference obtains in the tarsal pads of males, said to extend Studies on Spiroboloid Millipeds 13 nearly to the last segments in duvernoyi but restricted to the anteriormost legs of suprenans. The difference in segment number (46-47 vs. 49-53) is not sufficiently documented by counts from series. R. suprenans is apparently easily separated from R. maximus by the considerably greater segment number, 51—56, of the latter, as well as by details of the gonopods. The other differences cited by Loomis (size, color, form of the collum) are probably not reliable, however. A pre- viously unnoticed distinction lies in leg size: the legs extend beyond the body in suprenans but are not visible from above in maximus. Loomis reported numerous specimens of suprenans collected by P. J. Darlington in three localities in Oriente Province, Cuba, to which the form may be restricted. I have examined topotypes of the species in the U. S. National Museum collections. Rhinocricus maximus maximus (Loomis ), new status and new combination Cubocricus maximus Loomis, 1933, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75: 358, Figs. 5, 6; 1938, idem, 82: 450. Type specimen: Male, Mus. Comp. Zool., collected at Central Jaronu, Camaguey Prov., Cuba, by L. D. Christianson, June 1931. Remarks: The trinomial combination is adopted here to put the typical population of maximus on an equivalent standing with the “variety” bartschi of Loomis, probably a valid subspecies. Loomis (1938) has discussed variation in a series of specimens taken in the Cubitas Forest, also in Camaguey Province. These two records suggest that perhaps the Cuban species of Rhinocricus are geographically vicarious, with suprenans occurring in the mountains of Oriente, maximus maximus in the central lowlands, maximus bartschi on the Isle of Pines, and duvernoyi in Pinar del Rio. Naturally, a large number of additional samples will have to be forthcoming before the status of these large milli- peds can be worked out. In addition to the various characters cited (seg- ment number, tarsal pads), an additional one may be mentioned for the attention of future workers: this is the shape and sculpture of the parietal sclerite which seems to be distinctive for each of the forms which I have examined (parcus, suprenans, and m. bartschi). I have seen the long type series of bartschi collected on the Isle of Pines in April 1937 by Paul Bartsch, the form appearing to be only par- tially differentiated from the mainland population of maximus. Rhinocricus maximus bartschi (Loomis), new combination Cubocricus maximus bartschi Loomis, 1938, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 82: 451. Type specimen: Male, U. S. Nat. Mus. Myriapod Type No. 2364, col- lected in the Sierra de Casas, Isle of Pines, Cuba, by Paul Bartsch, 14 April 1937. Loomis has discussed the characters and variation of this subspecies in the original description. The segment count is rather uniform, 50 to 14 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53, but the length of adult specimens varies from 95 to 165 mm, a re- markable range! LITERATURE CITED Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1918. The Chilopoda and Diplopoda of the West Indies. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 149-262. 1922. Notes on West Indian Millipeds. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 61(10): 1-19, pls. 1-6. Karsch, Ferdinand. 1881. Neue Juliden des Berliner Museums, als Prodromus einer Juliden-Monographie. Zeitschr. Gesam. Naturwiss., 54(ser. 3, vol. 6): 1-79. Loomis, H. F. 1933. Three new Cuban Millipeds, with Notes on Two Little-Known Species. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75: 357-363, 1 pl. 1938. New and Noteworthy Millipeds from Cuba, Collected by Dr. P. J. Darlington in 1936. Idem, 82: 427-480, Figs. 1-27. 1941. Méillipeds Collected in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic by Dr. P. J. Darlington in 1938. Idem, 88: 17-80, Figs. 1-33. Pocock, R. Innes. 1894. Contributions to Our Knowledge of the Arth- ropod Fauna of the West Indies.—Part III. Diplopoda and Malacopoda, with a Supplement on the Arachnida of the Class Pedipalpi. J. Linnean Soc. London (Zool.), 24: 473- 544, pls. 37-40. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Figs. 1-4. Rhinocricus parcus Karsch, specimen from Aguirre, Puerto Rico, all figures to same scale. 1. Anterior aspect of coleopods; 2. Posterior aspect of coleopods; 3. Posterior aspect of right phallopod; 4. Scobinae of 10th segment, the posterior edge of segment 9 pulled forward slightly. 0673 Vol. 73, pp. 15-20 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON A SMALL COLLECTION OF LIPARID FISHES FROM THE YELLOW SEA By Danie, M. CoHEN | Ichthyological Laboratory, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Through the courtesy of Mr. Merrill Newman, I have had at my disposal several liparid fishes collected by him in May of 1953 on the west coast of Korea. The specimens herein re- ported were trawled at a depth of five to eight fathoms off Chodo Island, approximately 38° 30’ N. latitude, 124° 15’ E. longitude. The material has been deposited in the Natural History Museum of Stanford University. The purposes of this paper are four: 1. Describe an appar- ently unknown form. 2. Give a second record of Liparis cho- anus and extend its known range to the eastern shores of the Yellow Sea. 3. Describe the only known male of L. choanus. 4, Confirm the observations of Abe (1950, 1955) that some species of Liparis lack posterior nostrils. Counts on vertebrae, dorsal fin rays and anal fin rays have been taken from X-rays. Liparis newmani new species Holotype: S.U. 53270, 55.6 mm in standard length. Diagnosis: A Liparis with two nostrils, the dorsal and anal connected to the caudal, the dorsal lacking a notch, the pectoral with a notch, the gill slit extending down in front of seven pectoral rays and with a greater number of pectoral rays than dorsal rays. Counts and measurements: Measurements in millimeters first, followed by percent of standard length in parentheses. Greatest body depth 12.4 (21.4); width of body at level of anal fin origin 6.5 (8.9); greatest head width 14.5 (25.0); head length 16.6 (28.6); eye 2.8 (4.8); snout length 7.0 (12.1); disc length 6.5 (8.6); disc width 5.0 (9.0); interorbital 7.9 (14.2); gill slit 4.8 (7.2); posterior edge of disc to vent 6.4 (11.5); snout to posterior tip of pectoral fin 27.0 (48.6); dorsal 42; anal 35; pectoral 46, 3—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 73, 1960 (15) SMI 1HSONIAN INSTITUTION AUG } 16 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington counted on the right fin; vertebrae 45, not including urostyle; branchio- setgals 6. Description: A slender fish with the greatest body depth immediately behind the head, 4.5 in standard length. Body compressed, deeper than wide, even at the widest point behind the head. Viewed from above or below, body tadpole-shaped, broad anteriorly, strongly compressed behind the level of the anal fin origin. Skin smooth, lacking prickles. Dorsal fin origin a short distance behind a vertical from the posterior edge of the opercle. Dorsal fin not notched. Dorsal and anal. fins con- nected with the caudal fin to about the middle of the caudal fin length. Distance from vent to origin of anal fin 4.9 in head. Pectoral fin notched, fifteenth ray from the bottom at the apex of the notch. The disc is longer than it is broad. Caudal fin rounded. The head is broader than it is deep in the opercular region. Viewed dorsally it curves to the broadly-rounded snout. Viewed laterally the tip of the snout is a blunt, almost vertical area. Eye relatively large, 5.9 in head, with a rounded pupil. Nostrils paired, the anterior tubular, the posterior a raised pore. The distance between the two nostrils is equal to the vertical diameter of the eye. The posterior nostril is in line with a vertical from the anterior margin of the eye. Premaxillary with six to eight oblique rows of tricuspid teeth which are progressively larger towards the posterior margin of the bone. Dentary with about six oblique rows of tricuspid teeth arranged as in the upper jaw. Each pharyngeal carries a broad pad of pointed teeth which oppose smaller but similar pads in the floor of the mouth. The gill rakers are modified into small dentigerous knobs. Gill opening moderate, 3.5 in head, extending down to level of seventh pectoral ray. Body and head reddish-brown, skin fairly transparent, with many small, brown chromatophores. Pigment cells unevenly distributed on dorsal and anal fins giving them a variegated appearance. Two narrow, irregular, brown bands across the basal half of the caudal. Ventral part of fish in front of anal fin a uniform reddish-brown, lacking spots. Pectorals with a few scattered chromatophores, more thickly distributed dorsally. Relationships: This species is apparently most closely related to L. agassizi of northern Japan, to which it keys out in Burke’s (1930: 56) key to the genus. It differs most strikingly from L. agassizi, and indeed from any other known Liparis, in its high pectoral ray count, 46 in L. newmani compared to 32 to 42 in L. agassizi (based on counts by the author on 22 specimens in the U. S. National Museum). Another difference is in the color: Burke (1930: 77) gives four types of coloration, none of which is similar to L. newmani. Finally, the skin of L. newmani is more trans- parent than the skin of any specimens of L. agassizi I have examined. Liparis multiradiatus is similar in its high fin ray counts, unnotched dorsal, notched pectoral and attached dorsal and anal fins but has more dorsal rays than pectoral rays, a larger eye (7.0 percent of standard length), a larger gill slit (9.8 percent of standard length) and other dif- ferences (see Matsubara and Iwai, 1954: 437). Notes on Small Collection of Liparid Fishes 17 I have also considered the possibility that my specimen may represent a young example of Liparis tanakae, a species which has been recorded from Chefoo on the Yellow Sea (Wu and Wang, 1933). In writing of Japanese and Korean material, Burke (1930: 87) states: “Pectoral fin unnotched in the adult, possibly slightly notched in the young.” The pectoral of L. newmani is definitely notched. Some differences from Wu and Wang’s description of Yellow Sea L. tanakae are a longer head (3.4 in standard length for newmani, 3.7 to 4.3 for tanakae), shorter snout (4.2 in head for newmani, 2.3 to 2.9 for tanakae), and larger eye (5.9 in head for newmani, 7.0 to 9.5 for tanakae). Unfortunately, the small- est specimen which they report is 180 millimeters in total length, so that differences in proportions may not be significant. Other differences are in coloration, Wu and Wang state immature fishes are grey; and in pectoral ray counts, they state 40 to 42. In addition, their figure shows a specimen with a much blunter head than in L. newmani. Liparis choanus Wu and Wang Liparis choanus Wu and Wang, 1933, p. 83, Figs. 5 and 6 (orig. descr., two spec. Chefoo, two spec. Tsingtau). Study material: A male, 90.2 mm in standard length; a female, 85.0 mm in standard length. Counts and measurements: Measurements in percent of standard length, given for the male first followed by the female in parentheses. Greatest body depth 24.8 (21.1); width of body at level of anal fin origin 9.4 (8.5); greatest head width 24.3 (24.9); head length 24.4 (27.1); eye 4.2 (3.6); snout length 8.3 (8.2); disc length 8.6 (9.4); disc width 8.3 (9.4); interorbital 9.5 (9.4); gill slit 8.3 (7.8); posterior edge of disc to vent 6.1 (9.0); tip of snout to posterior tip of pectoral fin 39.6 (41.9); dorsal 37 (35); anal 31 (30); pectoral 37-35 (37-37); vertebrae 39 (40), not including urostyle; branchiostegals 6. Sexual dimorphism: The most striking difference between the two sexes is the presence of typical, Liparis, thumb-tack prickles on the male. They are abundant over the sides of the body and on the vertical fins, sparse and small on the upper lobe of the pectoral fin, and absent on the body median to the pectorals and on the venter. The dorsal region of the fish from the interorbital area to the anterior part of the dorsal fin has only scattered prickles but bears a profusion of small fleshy protuber- ances which give the entire area a rugose appearance. The female has smooth skin. The male has proportionally longer dorsal and anal fin rays than does the female. The male has a proportionally shorter disc to anus distance than does the female. Both sexes have a small papilla behind the vent; however, that of the male is slightly larger and has the tip directed posteriorly. The papilla of the female is surrounded by a number of irregular folds which are ab- sent in the male. 18 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ey Notes on Small Collection of Liparid Fishes 19 The specimens at hand agree with the color pattern described for the type material and shown in the figure, with the exception that my material is reddish-brown rather than silvery. Wu and Wang (1933: 81) also describe Liparis chefuensis, a species which is reddish and has prickles but in most other respects seems similar to L. choanus. L. chefuensis was described from five specimens ranging from 120 to 155 mm total length, sex not given; L. choanus from four females, 92 to 110 mm total length. I refer my two specimens to L. choanus chiefly on the basis of greater similarities in proportions; however, it may well be that L. choanus, as described by Wu and Wang, is based on smaller females of L. chefuensis. Nostrils: Many authors who have dealt with the genera of liparid fishes have utilized the presence of two pairs of nostrils to characterize the genus Liparis, although Burke (1930: 43) notes the posterior nostril is reduced in some species. More recently, Abe (1950, 1955) has described species which appear to be typical Liparis but lack posterior nostrils. A similar situation exists in L. choanus. The anterior nostril is present as a promi- nent, raised tube. The posterior nostril is present only as a very small, fleshy bump which has no opening. In their short diagnosis of the genus Liparis, Wu and Wang (1933: 80) state “Nostrils 2.” However, in their descriptions of both L. chefuensis and L. choanus they mention only the tubular nostril. LITERATURE CITED Abe, Tokiharu. 1950. New, rare or uncommon fishes from Japanese waters. I. Liparis franzi, new name. Japan. Journ. Ichthy., 1: 135-139. 1955. New, rare or uncommon fishes from Japanese waters. III. Description, redescription and records of rare fishes of the genus Liparis. Bull. Biogeograph. Soc. Japan, 16-19: 319-325. Burke, Victor. 1930. Revision of the fishes of the family Liparidae. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 150: 1-204. Matsubara, Kiyomatsu and Tamotsu Iwai. 1954. Some remarks on the family Liparidae, with descriptions of three new species and two interesting ones of the genus Liparis. Rept. Fac. Fish. Prefect. Univ. Mie, 1: 425-441. Wu, Hsien-Wen and King F. Wang. 1933. A review of the discobolous fishes on the Chinese coast. Contrib. Biol. Soc. Sci. Soc. China, 9: 77-86. EXPLANATION OF FIGURE Fig. 1. Holotype of Liparis newmani, 55.6 mm in standard length. Drawn by Mildred H. Carrington. 20 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40673 Vol. 73, pp. 21-24 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE (PEROMYSCUS LEUCOPUS ) FROM SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA By Joun L. Parapiso Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Two slightly differentiated subspecies of Peromyscus leu- copus have been described from the mainland of the eastern United States. Osgood (North Amer. Fauna, 28:115, 1909) has pointed out that extreme examples of the more southern form, Peromyscus leucopus leucopus, are to be found in south- ern Louisiana, while the more northern race, Peromyscus leu- copus noveboracensis, is best characterized in central New England. The type localities for both these forms are in inter- mediate areas: Mouth of the Ohio River in Kentucky for P. l. leucopus, and New York for P. |. noveboracensis. These sub- species are distinguished largely by coloration. Along the southern Virginia coast, and probably into North Carolina, a previously unrecognized subspecies occurs which differs mark- edly from all other mainland forms of the eastern United States in both size and coloration. It may be known as: Peromyscus leucopus easti, new subspecies Holotype: U.S. National Museum No. 302764; adult ¢, skin and skull; collected 10 April 1956, by Charles O. Handley, Jr., original No. 3052, in myrtle shrubbery in the flats back of the dunes on the barrier beach, 6.8 miles SE Pungo, Princess Anne County, Virginia. This subspecies is named for Charles S. East, exhibits preparator at the U. S. National Museum, who collected white-footed mice at Virginia Beach in the summer of 1928. Distribution: Taken in eastern Princess Anne County, Virginia, at Vir- ginia Beach; 5 mi. S Virginia Beach; and 6.8 mi. SE Pungo. Probably occurs from the region of Cape Henry, Virginia, south along the barrier beach to Oregon Inlet, North Carolina, in favorable habitat. Diagnosis: Similar to Peromyscus leucopus leucopus and Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis but differs from both these forms as follows: Much smaller size, both externally and cranially; greater interorbital 4—Proc. Biot. Soc. WaAsu., Vou. 73, 1960 (21) a Zo HSOn 3S y SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AUG 1 0 196I AUG 16 1960 i WIBRA RY 22 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington breadth; longer interparietal; bony palate relatively longer in proportion to greatest length of skull; basilar length relatively shorter; cheek teeth relatively larger; braincase shorter, higher and more rounded; wings of pterygoids less expanded laterally; zygomatic arch presenting a more rounded aspect when viewed dorsally; zygomatic arch shorter in propor- tion to greatest length of skull; entire skull more delicately built. In all pelages the coloration of Peromyscus I. easti differs from that of Peromyscus I. leucopus in being much paler, and in having a brighter, reddish wash on the flanks. Peromyscus I. easti is similar to P. l. novebora- censis, but has a reddish rather than a yellowish wash on the flanks. Measurements: Ten adults of P. I. easti from 6.8 mi. SE Pungo, and from Virginia Beach, Princess Anne County, Virginia, measure as follows (averages followed by extremes): Total length 152.4 mm (145-162); tail 68.6 (62-75); hind foot 19.0 (18-20); ear 17.6 (17-18); greatest length of skull 24.7 (23.9-25.6); basilar length 19.0 (18.3-19.6); zygo- matic width 13.0 (12.6-13.3); interorbital constriction 4.1 (3.9-4.3); interparietal length 8.5 (7.2—9.4); length of nasals 9.6 (9.1-10.5); length of bony palate 4.0 (3.7-4.2); anterior palatine foramina 4.8 (4.7-5.0); diastema 6.6 (6.4—6.9); postpalatal length 8.9 (8.6—9.2); maxillary tooth- row 3.5 (3.4-3.6); height of braincase 9.1 (8.8-9.4). The two series which have been combined in the above measurements show no significant differences from each other. Comparative measurements: The following measurements are given as an aid in comparing Peromyscus leucopus leucopus and P. |. novebora- censis with P. I. easti. Seven adult specimens of P. I. leucopus from Houma, Louisiana, meas- ure as follows: Total length 171.6 mm (162-180); tail 78.7 (74-83); hind foot 20.9 (20-22); greatest length of skull 26.3 (25.9-26.7); basilar length 19.8 (19.6-20.0); zygomatic width 13.5 (13.2-14.2); interorbital constriction 4.0 (3.8—4.1); interparietal length 8.4 (8.0-8.9); length of nasals 10.0 (9.5-10.4); length of bony palate 4.0 (3.9-4.2); anterior palatine foramina 5.1 (4.9-5.5); diastema 6.8 (6.5-6.9); postpalatal length 9.2 (8.9-9.6); length of maxillary toothrow 3.6 (3.4-3.9); height of braincase 8.9 (8.1-9.3). Nine adult specimens of P. |. noveboracensis from Lake George, New York, measure as follows: Total length 175.0 mm (170-186); tail 80.9 (75-88); hind foot 20.7 (20-21); greatest length of skull 26.2 (25.6— 26.9); basilar length 19.9 (19.3-21.7); zygomatic width 13.3 (12.8-13.7); interorbital constriction 3.9 (3.7—4.1); interparietal length 8.2 (7.4-8.9); nasals 9.9 (9.5-10.6); length of bony palate 4.0 (3.8-4.2); anterior palatine foramina 5.0 (4.8-5.3); diastema 7.1 (6.9-7.5); postpalatal length 9.3 (8.9-10.0); maxillary toothrow 3.5 (3.4-3.7); height of brain- case 9.1 (8.8-9.6). Remarks: Peromyscus leucopus leucopus occurs at nearby inland locali- ties such as Dismal Swamp, Suffolk and Hampton, Virginia, and at Manteo and Currituck, North Carolina. Large series taken on Assateague Island, Accomack County, Virginia, and on the southern portion of the Delmarva A New White-footed Mouse (Peromyscus Leucopus) 23 Peninsula, are also most like typical leucopus. Hence, P. l. easti has a small range. Within this range it is apparently confined to the marshes and sandy flats back of the beach dunes. Although its range is thus restricted, its very distinctive characters warrant its subspecific recognition. Specimens examined: (All in collections at U. S. National Museum) 18, from Princess Anne Co., Virginia, as follows: Virginia Beach, 10; 5 mi. S Virginia Beach, 2; 6.8 mi. SE Pungo, 6. Comparative material: (All in collections at U. S. National Museum) Kentucky—Eubank, 29. LouistanAa—Houma, 17; LaFayette, 2; Mer Rouge, 4; Morgan City, 8; Tallulah, 5. New Hampsuirre—Ossipee, 32. New Yorx—Hastings, 2; Lake George, 29; Locust Grove, 9; Newburgh, 2; Owego, 5; Sing Sing, 2. NortrH Caro_tina—Asheville, 2; Catalooche Ranch, 2; Chapanoke, 2; Currituck, 4; Highlands, 1; Manteo, 2; Old Richmond, 1; Pisgah National Forest, 13; Raleigh, 36. Vrurcris1a—Amelia, 10; Assateague Island, 29; Belle Haven, 1; Chincoteague Island, 12; Dismal Swamp, 48; near Hampton, 9; Kinsale, 15; Old Point Comfort, 3; near Wattsville, 35. 24 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (0673 Vol. 73, pp. 25-28 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SPEOSTRIARIA, NEW GENUS (DIPLOPODA: CHORDEUMIDA: CHORDEUMIDEA: STRIARIIDAE) By NELu B. CausrEy Fayetteville, Arkansas Samwel Cave, Shasta County, California, is the only known locality of the striariid milliped that is the type of the genus described here. An unusual series of both Pleistocene and Recent specimens of it has been collected by the Cave Re- search Associates. The original description of shastae was based on female and larval specimens, and the species was tentatively included in the genus Striaria. The males that have been collected recently show that the species is unusual not only in the large body size, but also in the extent of the sexual dimorphism. The female holotype and male allotype are in the American Museum of Natural History. Topotypes of both sexes are in the collections of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, and of the author. I am grateful to the Cave Research Associates for the oppor- tunity of studying the millipeds collected by them in California caves. Genus Speostriaria, new genus Diagnosis: Distinguished from Striaria by the simpler branching of the anterior gonopods and by the greater amount of sexual dimorphism, es- pecially as seen in the collum. Type species: Striaria shastae Causey, 1958. Species: One. Description: Crests equally spaced, low, becoming lower and the sixth one absent from posterior segments. Granules smaller and sparser on posterior segments. Females and larvae of both sexes with the collum (Fig. 2) small but hoodlike, with a bulge behind the anterior margin, and with paranota; second segment with paranota; legs and antennae longer and thinner than in epigean genera. Secondary sexual characters of the male include the following: labral spines, short mandibular spines, 5—Proc. Brou. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 73, 1960 (25) SMITHSONIAN 4116 y INSTITITION G i 26 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington longer antennae and legs, longer collum without the median bulge and paranota, second segment without paranota, lower crests on the anterior segments, posterior subsegments of segments 2 through 5 or 6 longer, and legpairs 1 through 7 and 10 and posterior gonopods as in Striaria. Sternum of segment 7 bandlike. Anterior gonopods contiguous along the middle line; each gonopod consists of a short coxa, which bears a lateral coxite, and of a telopodite composed of an anterior branch, a posterior branch, and three flagella. Speostriaria shastae (Causey ) Figs. 1-5 Striaria shastae Causey, 1958, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71: 182. Description of male allotype: Length 25 mm, width 2.2 mm. Labral spines directed ventrad and slightly mesiad, their length about one fifth the width of the ventral margin of the labrum. Eyes composed of brown ocelli in 3 irregular series, 6 on one side and 7 on the other. Antennae slender, their length nearly twice the greatest body width, and the rela- tive lengths of segments 1 through 7 as follows: 5:18:40:24:40:16:5. Head and first three segments as shown in Fig. 1. Segments 2, 3, and 4 each with pleural lobes, those of segments 2 and 3 broader and shorter than those of segment 4. Caudal margins of tergites 4, 5, and 6 rise to a slight peak in the midline; the crests of those segments are oblique. Coxae of the first legpair enlarged and contiguous, their ventral surfaces covered with long setae. Coxae of the second legpair also enlarged and contiguous; the gonopores, which open from the coxae, with a thin mem- brane around the margin and an adjacent tuft of long setae; second seg- ments produced into a stout, anteriorly directed lobe with a tuft of long setae at the apex; third segments enlarged distad as in the third legpair. Coxae of third legpair enlarged and contiguous as in species of Striaria; the coxae are elongated, narrowed at the apex, curved forward, and the telopodite is attached at about the middle of the lateral surface. Leg- pairs 4 through 7 have the coxae enlarged, rectangular, and almost con- tiguous; segments 3 and 4 are broadened and flattened slightly. Legpair 10 has the opening of the coxal gland near the base. The posterior legs are slender and longer, the longest ones about one and one half times the greatest body width, and the relative lengths of segments 1 through 7 as follows: 9:2:17:38:6:6:41. The setae on the legs are sparser and rela- tively shorter than in species of Striaria. Somatic characters not described here are as described for the female. In situ the anterior gonopods project ventro-caudad and the telopodites of the posterior gonopods are laterad to them. From a lateral view, the three large divisions of the anterior gonopod can be seen: the anterior and posterior branches of the telopodite and, between them, the shorter, soft, lobelike coxite. The heavily chitinized anterior branch ends in three un- equal divisions, of which all can be seen from an anterior view (Fig. 3). The posterior branch ends in two large divisions, of which only one can be seen from the posterior view (Fig. 4). From a mesial view (Fig. 5), 27 Speostriaria, New Genus 28 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington the entire posterior branch and the three flagella, which arise from a vesicle at the base of the telopodite, are visible. The posterior gonopods are very much as in species of Striaria. The sternum and coxae are transparent, flattened, and thin, and the flat but thicker and ventrally setose telopodites are almost perpendicular to them. The joints between the three parts are distinct. Remarks: Except for the brown ocelli, living specimens are nearly white. The number of ocelli in 15 adult specimens ranges from 8 in 3 series to 4 in 2 series. This is as many ocelli as most epigean striariids have. The segmental setae are longer than in epigean species, but the sensory setae on the legs are not. The elongation of the legs and antennae may have been induced by cave life, for in all epigean species of the family they are relatively shorter and thicker. I have never seen Striaria eldora Chamberlin, 1953, which is known only from caves in Eldora and Cal- averas counties, California, but probably it is a troglophile. The descrip- tion refers to its antennae as being of “moderate length, clavately thick- ened distad”; there is no statement as to the length of the legs. Possibly the large body size of Speostriaria shastae is a cave-induced modification. A slight increase in body size is very common among cave forms of the family Conotylidae. Collections: Three males, 12 females, and several larvae have now been collected from Samwel Cave, most of them by Richard E. Graham. All collections were made either in June or in Jan- uary, and mature specimens were taken in each of those months. They occur from the twilight zone to the lowest level of the cave under pieces of broken stone and organic matter. A recently found fossil (No. 1571, Cave Research Associates) was in a Pleistocene stratum with an antilo- caprid, Euceratherium sp. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Fig. 1.—Speostriaria shastae, head and first three segments (without the legs) of the male. Fig. 2.—Collum of the female, left side. Fig. 3.—Right anterior gonopod, anterior view. Fig. 4.—Left anterior gonopod, posterior view. Fig. 5.—Left anterior gonopod, mesial view. A, anterior branch of telopodite. C, coxa. CT, coxite. F, flagellum. P, posterior branch of telopodite. S, sternum. V, vesicle. Figs. 1 and 2 are drawn to the same scale. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are drawn to a larger, but equal, scale. LO0G73 Vol. 73, pp. 29-34 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW CARDINAL FISH OF THE GENUS ARCHAMIA FROM NORTHERN AUSTRALIA By Ernest A. LACHNER AND WILLIAM RALPH TAYLOR U.S. National Museum The study of the apogonid fishes collected by the Arnhem Land Expedition of 1948 revealed a species of Archamia Gill believed new to science. The expedition to Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia, was conducted under the aus- pices of the Commonwealth of Australia, the National Geo- graphic Society and the Smithsonian Institution. About 15,000 specimens representing many families of fishes were collected under the direction of Robert Rush Miller, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. A faunal report of these collections is in progress by William Ralph Taylor. The morphological divergence among the species of Archa- mia was reviewed by Lachner (1951). A previously recognized polymorphic species, Archamia lineolata (Cuvier), was dem- onstrated to represent four distinct species. The new species is related to the A. lineolata complex. All members of the genus are marine and are found in the Indian and west-central Pa- cific Oceans. The generic allocation of the new species is substantiated by the presence of the following characters: body slab-sided, com- paratively deep; dentition complete, with small villiform teeth in a narrow band on the jaws and in single rows on the pala- tines and vomer; spinous dorsal with six spines; base of anal fin long, the number of rays ranging from II,16 to II,1S. Archamia melasma new species Archamia lineolata Paradice and Whitley, Mem. Queensland Mus., 9(1): 84, 1927 (species listed, Pellew Islands; material re-examined under Australian Mus. No. IA.1499). Holotype: Australian Museum register No. 1B.4473, a female specimen 6—Proc. Brout. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 73, 1960 (29) = — PB A, : | { AUG 1: ws | \ Lipwagt 24 30 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 mm in standard length taken on a coral reef with rotenone poison at Yirrkalla, near Cape Arnhem, Amhem Land, Norther Territory, Aus- tralia, on 11 August 1948 by Robert Rush Miller and Bill Harney, in water at a depth of about four feet. Paratypes: USNM No. 173794, totaling 6 specimens, taken with the holotype and bearing the same data, one specimen a male 55 mm in standard length and 5 female specimens ranging from 55.5 mm to 59 mm in standard length; Australian Museum No. IA.1499, one specimen, 56.5 mm in standard length, taken in the Pellew Islands, Gulf of Carpentaria by W. E. J. Paradice in June, 1923. Additional specimens examined: Australian Mus. No. JA.2334, 2 speci- mens, 56.5 and 60.5 mm in standard length, taken at North Barnard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland by W. E. J. Paradice, 1924. Diagnosis: Archamia melasma is most closely related to A. biguttata of the lineolata complex. It differs from biguttata in having the dark humeral spot descend downward over the operculum and in the absence of the large, intensely black, basi-caudal spot characteristic of biguttata. These closely related species of Archamia are compared in Table 1. Description: This description is based on all of the specimens listed above. The methods of recording the counts and measurements are given by Lachner (1951:581). Counts of several meristic characters are given first for the holotype, followed by counts taken from the remaining speci- mens. Where the data for the holotype are identical with that of all the other specimens, but one number is given. Dorsal fin rays VI-I,9(10 specimens); anal fin rays II,17, I1,16(2), 1J,17(5), I1,18(2); pectoral fin rays, counting the left and right sides, 14-14, 14-14(5), 13-14(1), 14—-13(1), 14—15(1); pelvic fin rays 1,5 (10); branched caudal fin rays 8,7(10); scale rows along the lateral line about 24 in holotype, 22(1), 23(3), 24(2), 25(1); scale rows above lateral line 2 in the holotype, 2(6); scale rows below lateral line about 7 in holotype, 7(7), 8(2); gill rakers including all rudiments 21, 21(1), 22(3), 23(5). There were either 1 or 2 rudiments and 4 well-developed rakers on the upper arch, one developed raker at the angle of the arch, and 15 or 16 developed rakers and an occasional rudiment on the lower arch. The vertebral count, including the fused urostylar vertebrae as one, was 24 in all specimens. Measurements expressed in thousandths of the standard length are given for the holotype and two paratypes in Table 2. Body compressed and deep; mouth terminal; eyes large (Table 2); posterior margin of preopercle serrated, particularly the lower margin; anterior margin of preopercle smooth; angle of jaw nearly reaches vertical drawn through middle of eye; first spine of spiny dorsal fin small; second spine equal to or slightly smaller than third; third spine of spiny dorsal fin about one and one-fourth times greater than diameter of eye; anal spines comparatively stout, the first spine short, only one-fifth length of second spine; second anal spine slightly longer than diameter of eye; 3l A New Cardinal Fish of the Genus Archamia quosqy quosqy api uey} Jodsap ‘jue -soid yods Aysnp ‘osngzziq quosqy yuesqy Apoq pur surusdo [is jo uonounl wor dvyF rvpnorodo uo prem -UMOP SUTIPUE}XxXO ‘9}V5 -U0]9 AT[VOT}IOA “YsTyoR[ Apoq puv sutuedo [[I5 jo uorount ye ‘ystrenbs 0} iepnomo “yortq A[esuezuy yuosqy quosqy quosqy quosqy pidnd uey Josivy AYSTs ‘repnosro A[ivou ‘yorytq osuojzuy pdnd uvy} r9517] yEYMOULOS “jure; “osngzIC] pidnd ury} Jopsivy ATqejou ‘as1ry] pue Aysnp ‘osngyiq [dnd jo ozs 0} [enba yhoqe puv ysryor[q ‘pedoypaaop-]feM ATTensy (suoumtoeds (QT ) STII 9 9T TI (suouttoods ZZ LVI % OT TI (suouttoeds ¢T ) STII % 9T'Il (suouttoads gc) STII % STII ( suouttoods GF ) CT II 9} €T'I ‘ds ‘u “DUSD]IU nA“ Z Touyoe'y pjpynaig “vy Jouyoe'y snpdsip -y (10}UvD ) DyvVON{ “Y (4I9IAND ) DJDJOaAUI) “VY ANIT IVUALVI MOIAG AGNV WaATMOUsadO OL HOMALSOA isaf Aqoam NO LOas ANSOGa LOdS IVHYAWOH LOdS IVG0VO-ISva SAVY NIA TIVNV Sa1oads pyuDYyoty JO satoads payer AjasopO JO uostvdulog—'T aAIaV I, 32 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington TABLE 2.—Measurements of Archamia melasma, expressed in thousandths of the standard length. HOLOTYPE PARATYPES CHARACTER 1B.4473 USNM 173794 g ese SwarmnCereel Ieawtdas waa 60 56 DD Body depth at origin of spinous dorsal fin ____- 428 446 424 Body width at mid-body just behind OW EKC Ulery sa yo pee eee eo kee a nea Rae 138 148 131 Heads leme thy 2) sae. ees eis aera cre 397 407 398 lGieagl Gleodn aie Oeejowic 400 368 615)5) Mmenethworscaucalspeduincle seen ies 179 178 Least depth of caudal peduncle _____.___.._______- 583 155) 144 Mengtihvor longestypectoralinay, ee 323 325 304 Length of second spine of spinous dorsal fin — 180 129 Diamveter sO .ey.e te Wi AE Eee ee ee 137 137 142 [L(ernotd a Ole TROON, 183 193 193 HG STa gS Elna OL S11 0 Ul eg aa acne a ae ee 87 93 80 Least width of bony interorbital _..._._______ 98 104 102 Tip of snout to origin of spinous dorsal fin ____- 438 445 431 This) OE SMOwIE wo) Gmiain Gr aroa@ll iN 602 589 575 Tip of snout to insertion of pectoral fin _________ 358 368 313 Tip of snout to insertion of pelvic fin 383 Sl tl 384 scales ctenoid with about 7 to 18 radii in the anterior field; lateral line complete and located rather high on body (see Fig.); gill rakers on first arch long, slender and simple, longest raker about one-half diameter of eye; contour of outer margin of soft dorsal fin slightly rounded; outer margin of anal fin slightly falcate; caudal fin emarginate or weakly forked; pelvic fins extend posteriorly slightly beyond origin of anal fin; inner rays of pelvic fin weakly united to body by thin membrane. Teeth on both jaws, the vomer and palatines; those on lower jaw are short, conical and in several irregular rows anteriorly, tapering to 1 or 2 rows posteriorly; teeth on upper jaw short and pointed and in several irregular rows anteriorly and in a wider, villiform band posteriorly; the palatines and vomer have a single row of small, pointed teeth. Color in Alcohol: The characteristic markings in both sexes are: The conspicuous, black humeral spot or bar that descends downward over the posterior margin of the opercle, and the wide, blackish, oblique bar below the eye (see Fig.). The humeral spot is intensely developed in all specimens. As the pigmentation descends over the margin ofthe opercle it becomes less intense. The two specimens from North Barnard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, have the weakest markings on the opercular margin. The body coloration, otherwise, is pale and the fins transparent. The A New Cardinal Fish of the Genus Archamia 33 ey ee Se mara Ba 4 | i 34 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington top of the head, chin and snout have some scattered, brownish pigmenta- tion and a few tiny melanophores are located near the base of the caudal fin in some specimens. Color in life: The following notes describing the living coloration of this species were recorded in the field by Robert Rush Miller; a colored sketch accompanied the field notes: body silvery white with about 23 very narrow downward and forward curving vertical lines of deep red- orange; a black scapular bar; a yellow-orange band from snout to eye passing through eye; all fins pale pink; dark brown bar extending obliquely backward from below eye to edge of preopercle. Geographic distribution: We do not expect this species to range ex- tensively in the Indo-Pacific fauna. It may represent another endemic, characteristic of the Australian faunal area. Our rich collections, partic- ularly the extensive material collected by the Albatross Philippine Expe- ditions from the Philippine and East Indies Islands and from many other Pacific areas, did not contain this species. The senior writer also examined the large collections housed in several European museums during 1956 while on a John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, and did not find this form. Among the noteworthy collections examined were those at the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, and the Zoological Mu- seum, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Remarks: This species was named melasma in reference to the black humeral spot. We express our appreciation to J. W. Evans, Director, and Gilbert P. Whitley, Curator of Fishes, The Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia, for the loan of critical material and for providing information of Australian fishes; and to Mrs. C. B. Lutz, staff artist, U. S. National Museum, for her meticulous drawing. LITERATURE CITED Lachner, Ernest A. 1951. Studies of certain apogonid fishes from the Indo-Pacific, with descriptions of three new species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 101(3290): 581-610, pls. 17-19, text fig. 105. Paradice, W. E. J. and G. P. Whitley. 1927. Northern territory fishes. An annotated list of fishes collected from the waters of the Northem Territory of Australia during the cruises of H. M. A. S. “Geranium,” 1923-1925. Mem. Queensland Mus., 9(1): 76-106, pls. 11-15. EXPLANATION OF FIGURE A female paratype of Archamia melasma, 56 mm in standard length, taken over a coral reef at Yirrkalla, near Cape Arnhem, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia on 11 August 1948 by Robert Rush Miller and Bill Harney. Drawing by Mrs. C. B. Lutz, staff artist, U. S. National Museum. Loc 73 Vol. 73, pp. 35-38 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF POCKET GOPHER (THOMOMYS UMBRINUS) FROM SINALOA, MEXICO, WITH COMMENTS ON T. U. SINALOAE AND T. U. EVEXUS By E. RayMonpb HALL AND CHARLES A. LONG Although only one species of pocket gopher is thought to occur in Sinaloa, the geographic distribution of the species is incompletely known and it is, therefore, not surprising to find an unnamed subspecies, which may be named and described as follows: Thomomys umbrinus varus, new subspecies Type: Male, adult, skin and skull; No. 75271, K.U.; 1 mi. S El Dorado, Sinaloa, México; 14 November 1957; obtained by William L. Cutter, original No. 1452. Range: Known only from the type locality. Diagnosis: Size large (see measurements); Ochraceous-Tawny (Cap- italized color terms after Ridgway, “Color Standards and Color Nomen- clature,” Washington, D. C., 1912) but darkened with blackish below ears and in mid-dorsal area from nose to rump; tympanic bullae rugose and only slightly inflated; sagittal crest (11.7 mm long) prominent; maxillary arms of zygomata inclined posteriorly; nasals V-shaped posteriorly, flar- ing anteriorly but otherwise straight-sided; interpterygoid space V-shaped. Comparisons: Indistinguishable in color from topotypes (for example 75264 Univ. Michigan) of Thomomys umbrinus camoae but larger in all measurements taken except interorbital breadth, which is the same, and lesser extension, posterior to nasals, of premaxillae. In comparison with the darker Thomomys umbrinus sinaloae, next north along the Pacific Coast, there is an equal or even greater disparity in size. From both camoae and sinaloae, the skull of the male of varus further differs as fol- lows: tympanic bullae smaller; maxillary arm of zygoma inclined postero- laterally (less nearly at a right angle with longitudinal axis of skull); squamosal root of zygoma inclined anterolaterally (less nearly at a right angle). Differences from Thomomys umbrinus parviceps of higher ter- rain to the eastward, Thomomys umbrinus musculus to the southward, and Thomomys umbrinus atrovarius of the coastal area, also to the southward, are even greater. By weight each of those three subspecies appears to be 7—Proc. BioL. Soc. Wasu., Voi. 73, 1960 (35) —————— “i SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AUG A 0 1% 36 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington hardly half so large as varus, is Plumbeous to black instead of Ochraceous- Tawny, and has a skull that relative to the over-all length is wider across the braincase and has zygomatic arches that are widest posteriorly instead of anteriorly. Because of the larger degree of difference between varus and the three, small, dark subspecies (parviceps, musculus, and atro- varius ) it is difficult to imagine intergradation between varus and any one of them. The uninflated tympanic bullae of varus, nevertheless, are seen also in musculus and atrovarius. Measurements of the holotype (in millimeters): Total length 281; length of tail 101; length of hind foot 37; basilar length 41.9; length of nasals 18.0; zygomatic breadth 31.0; mastoidal breadth 23.3; breadth of rostrum 10.0; interorbital constriction 6.7; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row 9.6; extension of premaxillae posterior to nasals 2.0; length of rostrum (middle of anterior border of nasals to lateral junction of maxilla with hamular process of lacrimal) 20.1. Specimen examined: One, the holotype. Thomomys umbrinus sinaloae Merriam Three females (67609-67611 K.U.) from along the Rio Fuerte, 1 mi. N, % mi. E San Miguel, Sinaloa, are larger, darker, and differ in other respects from Thomomys umbrinus simulus, the subspecies to the east- ward, and more closely resemble Thomomys umbrinus sinaloae to the southward and Thomomys umbrinus camoae to the northward. Com- parisons with the adult females of camoae from Guaymas, Sonora, and with three adult female topotypes of sinaloae reveal intermediacy in the ratio of the width of the nasals to the width of rostrum. The specimens closely resemble camoae in total length (230 mm, in camoae 228, and in sinaloae 214) and in relative shortness of tail that is 47 per cent of the length of the head and body (46 per cent in camoae and 51 per cent in sinaloae). The specimens more closely resemble sinaloae in broad ros- trum (8.2, in sinaloae 8.4, and in camoae 7.6), long rostrum (15.7, in sinaloae 15.9, and in camoae 15.0), and coloration (darker than camoae). The specimens (67609-67611 K.U.) extend the known geographic range of T. u. sinaloae 110 miles northward along the coast from Altata, Sinaloa, the type locality of T. u. sinaloae. Previously the subspecies T. u. sinaloae was recorded only from the type locality. Thomomys umbrinus evexus Nelson and Goldman This subspecies until now has been known from only the holotype from Mount San Gabriel, 7,000-9,000 feet, state of Durango. Two males and two females (66132-66135 K.U.) from Villa Ocampo, 4,575 feet eleva- tion, Durango, only 10 miles southeast of the mentioned type locality, agree with the holotype as originally described and differ from T. wu. sheldoni (6 specimens from 7 mi. SW Las Adjuntas, and 6 specimens from 10 mi. SW E] Salto, both localities in the state of Durango ) the geographic range of which bounds that of evexus on the north, west and south. The black-tipped hairs of the russet-colored upper parts and the brownish New Subspecies of Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Umbrinus) 37 proximal portion of the white-tipped tail of evexus are well shown in our specimens from Villa Ocampo. Acknowledgments: Grants from the Watkins Fund of the Kansas Uni- versity Endowment Association furthered the field work that yielded the specimens on which the above report was based, and a grant from the National Science Foundation furthered the study, in the Museum, of the specimens. We are grateful to W. H. Burt and E. T. Hooper of the Mu- seum of Zoology of the University of Michigan, and S. P. Young, R. H. Manville, and Viola S. Shantz of the Biological Surveys Collections of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for lending certain specimens essential for comparison. 38 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Y 0673 Vol. 73, pp. 39-44 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW SPECIES OF CRASPEDORRHYNCHUS (MALLOPHAGA) FROM NORTH AMERICA By K. C. EMERSON Stillwater, Oklahoma Species of the Ischnoceran genus Craspedorrhynchus Keler, 1938, are found in North America on avian hosts of the family Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles and Kites). To date, no species have been recorded from hosts of the other families of Falconi- formes. Species of this genus are of the short, round-bodied, robust type with a large head, and are found on the neck and head of the host. The premarginal carnia and the ventral carnia of the forehead are prolonged to a point well beyond the anterior margin of the dorsal anterior plate. This char- ) acter and the distinctive male genitalia separate the genus from related genera found on other hosts. The known North American species form a rather homo- geneous taxon. Differences in the male genitalia do not ap- pear to be great. The characters which appear to offer the best means of separation are: size, shape of the dorsal anterior plate of the forehead, chaetotaxy, and the sternal plate of the genital region. In some species, the chaetotaxy of abdominal segments II-VII (the first apparent segment is II) is not the same in both sexes. Individual differences of chaetotaxy within each species are slight. The sternal plate of the genital re- gion of the male is more variable in shape than is the dorsal anterior plate of the forehead. Two new species are herewith described and illustrated from material in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. In addition, keys are provided to the species known to occur in North America. Craspedorrhynchus subhaematopus, new species Holotype male: Dorsal anterior plate of forehead as shown in Fig. 8. 8—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasu., VoL. 73, 1960 (39) Sivittr ~~ oe AN , INSTITUTION AUG L 0 ® 40 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Terminal abdominal segments as shown in Fig. 6. Male genitalia as shown in Fig. 7. Distinctive chaetotaxy as given in the key to the males. Allotype female: Dorsal anterior plate of forehead as in the male. Gen- eral shape as in the male, but larger and more robust. Distinctive chaeto- taxy as given in the key to females. Terminal abdominal segments as shown in Fig. 5. Measurements: Holotype male and allotype female measurements in millimeters, are respectively: length of head 0.76, 0.86; breadth of head 0.73, 0.79; breadth of prothorax 0.45, 0.49; breadth of pterothorax 0.60, 0.69; breadth of abdomen 0.92, 1.12; total length 1.98, 2.27. Type host: Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte), Coopers Hawk. Type material: Holotype male and allotype female, U. S. National Museum Catalog No. 64,938, collected at Laurel, Maryland, on 20 April 1938 by E. B. Marshall. Two paratypes collected in Leon County, Florida, on 2 December 1925 by H. L. Stoddard. Ten paratypes collected at Till- amook, Oregon, on 1 January 1931 by Alexander Walker. Discussion: This species is closest to C. haematopus (Scopoli, 1763). In addition to the differences given in the keys, the two species can be separated by the differences illustrated in Figs. 1-8. Craspedorrhynchus americanus, new species Holotype male: Dorsal anterior plate of forehead as shown in Fig. 13. Genital sternal plate as shown in Fig. 9. Genitalia as shown in Fig. 17. Distinctive chaetotaxy as given in the key to the males. Allotype female: Dorsal anterior plate of forehead as in the male. Gen- eral shape as in the male, but larger and more robust. Distinctive chaeto- taxy as given in the key to the females. Shape of genital sternal plate as in C. haematopus (Scopoli, 1763). Measurements: Holotype male and allotype female measurements, in millimeters, are respectively: Length of head 0.87, 0.93; breadth of head 0.79, 0.85; breadth of prothorax 0.47, 0.51; breadth of pterothorax 0.66, 0.71; breadth of abdomen 1.08, 1.31; total length 2.12, 2.60. Type host: Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin), Red-tailed Hawk. Type material: Holotype male, allotype female, U. S. National Museum catalog No. 64,939, and sixteen paratypes collected at Rosedale, Missis- sippi, on 3 March 1952 by M. G. Vaiden. Five paratypes collected at Cedar Grove, Wisconsin, on 12 May 1956 by D. Berger. One paratype collected at Tooele, Utah, on 13 August 1951. One paratype collected in Pennsylvania, in November, 1931 by M. Wood. Five paratypes col- lected at Winchester, New Hampshire, on 25 September 1933 by L. R. Nelson. Two paratypes collected at West Point, New York, 30 October 1926 by W. Robinson. Two paratypes collected at Stag Lake, New Jersey, in 1926. Discussion: This species is close to C. buteonis (Packard, 1870), C. dilatatus (Rudow, 1869), and C. hirsutus Carriker, 1956; the other species found on the host genus Buteo. In addition to differences given in the Two New Species of Craspedorrhynchus (Mallophaga) 41 i 1 Fic. 1-8 keys, these closely related species can be separated by the differences illustrated in Figs. 9-16. Key to females of North American species of Craspedorrhynchus l. Posterior margin of pterothorax with 20 long setae _....... haematopus Posterior margin of pterothorax with 14 long setae 0 2 42. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fic. 9-16 a } Posterior margin of pterothorax with 12 long setae _______________________-- 3 I Posterior margin of pterothorax with 10 long setae _______________ hirsutus | 2. Pleural plates of abdominal segment VII each with 10 | longisetae) 20 UR el ee a eee obscurus | | Pleural plates of abdominal segment VII each with 6 if TORN, SEEAG sao ON elses al Se Nace I a subhaematopus ) 3. Posterior margin of vulva with 14 medium-length setae __________ halieti ir Posterior margin of vulva with 12 medium-length setae ______ aquilinus i Posterior margin of vulva with 10 medium-length setae _____________- 4 4. Posterior margin of tergite VIII with 14 long setae ___________ americanus Posterior margin of tergite VIII with 12 long setae ______._._________ 5) | 5. Posterior central margin of abdominal sternite III with 14 7 Joye antes ey HN AUIS eS SOs UM RMA NOI NSONAun ren A pM fie dilatatus | Posterior central margin of abdominal sternite III with 20 ! LOM ASS bac paler re MN les dL fcug kala ah eitee ADE falc eee NO buteonis | Key to males of North American species of Craspedorrhynchus ; 1. Posterior margin of pterothorax with 16 or more long i. rel (2 Sa ean IEE SCCM He COME A ei STOR Soi ONG Le haematopus | | Posterior margin of pterothorax with 14 or fewer long setae _________. 2 2. Abdominal sternite VI with a sparse row of setae _______________________... 8 Abdominal sternite VI with numerous scattered setae ___________. obscurus 3. Abdominal tergite II with more than 14 long setae _____...-_._-___ 4 Abdominal tergite II with fewer than 14 long setae __...._..-_-_.__-_. 5 4. Abdominal tergite VIII with 8 long setae __....--- americanus Two New Species of Craspedorrhynchus (Mallophaga) 43 Abdominal tergite VIII with 10 long setae = halieti 5. Thoracic sternal plate between coxae II and III with two Seen Pes epetine 3. tre RAE RE ae Pe ee 6 Thoracic sternal plate between coxae II and III with four aE cae ee, he Bae, Lewy ee MOU take PETS Es je) 7 6. Pleural plates of abdominal segment IV each with at least 7 nr nn 2a Ss I Ay es SOU sh 32 me subhaematopus Pleural plates of abdominal segment IV each with no more than NRMP ErAaes set a Sie lite ee hes ag aquilinus 7. Genital sternal plate with 3 long setae on each side in lateral eS aI) 9 NN SS eae A ae ee hirsutus Genital sternal plate with 4 long setae on each side in lateral (5 S71 LE PUTT Sie geil a a 8 le a a EN dilatatus Genital sternal plate with 5 long setae on each side in lateral ermReeeNBR ess Co ltiey y2-an etd eee UME ene Rede a ik 8 8. Genital sternal plate with median setae __________________ buteonis Genital sternal plate without median setae __......_._____- americanus Host list for North American species of Craspedorrhynchus C. americanus n. sp.—Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin), Red-tailed Hawk. C. aquilinus (Denny, 1842)—Aquila chrysaétos (Linnaeus), Golden Eagle. C. buteonis (Packard, 1870)—Buteo lineatus (Gmelin), Red-shouldered Hawk. C. dilatatus (Rudow, 1869)—Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan), Rough- legged Hawk. C. haematopus (Scopoli, 1763 )—Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus ), Goshawk. C. halieti (Osborn, 1896 )—Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus), Bald Eagle. C. hirsutus Carriker, 1956—Buteo regalis (Gray), Ferruginous Hawk. C. obscurus (Giebel, 1874)—Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot), Everglade Kite. C. subhaematopus n. sp.—Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte), Cooper’s Hawk. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Figs. 1-4 are of C. haematopus (Scopoli, 1763). 1, dorsal-ventral view of terminal abdominal segments, female; 2, dorsal-ventral view of terminal abdominal segments, male; 3, male genitalia; 4, dorsal anterior plate of forehead, male. Figs. 5-8 are of C. subhaematopus n. sp. 5, dorsal-ventral view of ter- minal abdominal segments, female; 6, dorsal-ventral view of terminal abdominal segments, male; 7, male genitalia; 8, dorsal anterior plate of forehead, male. Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 are drawn to the same scale. Figs. 9-12 are genital sternal plate of Craspedorrhynchus sp., male. 9, C. americanus n. sp.; 10, C. dilatatus (Rudow, 1869); 11, C. buteonis (Packard, 1870); 12, C. hirsutus Carriker, 1956. 44 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Figs. 13-16 are dorsal anterior plate of forehead of Craspedorrhynchus sp., male. 13, C. americanus n. sp.; 14, C. dilatatus (Rudow, 1869); 15, C. buteonis (Packard, 1870); 16, C. hirsutus Carriker, 1956. Fig. 17 is of Craspedorrhynchus americanus n. sp., male genitalia. Figs. 3, 7, and 9-17 are drawn to the same scale. LITERATURE CITED Carriker, M. A. 1956. Report on a collection of Mallophaga, largely Mexican (Part II). Florida Ent., 39: 21-43, 69-84, 119-131. Clay, T. and G. H. E. Hopkins. 1951. The early literature on Mallo- phaga. Part II. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.), Ent., 2: 1-36. Denny, H. 1842. Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae. London. 262pp. Giebel, C. G. 1874. Insecta Epizoa. Leipzig. 308pp. Hopkins, G. H. E. and T. Clay. 1952. A check list of the genera and species of Mallophaga. London. 362pp. Keler, S. 1938. Uber einige Mallophagen aus Paraguay und Kamerun. Arb. Morph. Tax. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem, 5: 228-241. Osborn, H. 1896. Insects affecting domestic animals. U. S. Bur. Ent. Bull., 5 (n.s.). 302pp. Packard, A. S. 1870. Certain parasitic insects. Amer. Nat., 4: 83-99. Rudow, F. 1869. Beitrag zur kenntnis der Mallophagen oder Pelz- fresser. Neue exotische arten aus der Familie Philopterus. Dissert., Univ. Leipzig. 47pp. Scopoli, J. A. 1763. Entomologia Carniolica. Vindobonae. 385pp. ly, 0677 Vol. 73, pp. 45-56 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE LARGE TOADS OF CUBA By ALBERT SCHWARTZ Department of Biology, Albright College, Reading, Pa. The genus Bufo is represented in Cuba by five forms. The largest of the Cuban toads is Bufo peltacephalus Tschudi, which has an islandwide distribution. Under two National Science Foundation grants, collections of this large species have been made on the Isla de Pinos as well as in all the provinces of Cuba, and adequate material has now accumulated to make possible an assessment of the variation in the characteristics of the various populations involved. Over the years, my compan- ions have aided me greatly in collecting these large amphib- ians, but I wish to mention especially the aid afforded me by Ronald F. Klinikowski, Peter F. Pepe, Barton L. Smith and James R. Talada in taking specimens of the new form from the northern coast of Oriente. The illustrations of dorsal views are the work of David C. Leber and the drawings of the heads are by Peter F. Pepe; both merit my gratitude for their work. I have borrowed material from the U. S. National Museum (USNM), the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) and the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS). I wish to thank Doris M. Cochran, Ernest E. Williams and Philip W. Smith for their hearty cooperation in the current study. Bufo peltacephalus was described by Tschudi (1838: 52) as Bufo peltocephalus, a toad whose coloration was brownish red with a pattern of hieroglyphs. Such a thumbnail description leaves much to be desired as far as allocating this name to one of the two populations of the large Cuban toad. Although it was considered likely that the original material came from the vicinity of the La Habana, use of the term “hieroglyphs” to describe the diffuse and blotched pattern of the Habana pop- ulation is not tenable. Strictly speaking, I would not call the 9—Proc. Biot. Soc. WaAsH., Vou. 73, 1960 (45) oF Pen... — 4 . ~ ln ' 80a 160 fA ne, Il—4! markings of the central Cuban toads hieroglyphs, but at least this population shows definite markings on a reddish-brown dorsum (see Figs. | and 2). I feel that it is more appropriate to restrict the name B. p. peltacephalus to these distinctly marked toads which occur from Las Villas Province eastward throughout Oriente; with the description of a new subspecies of this amphibian, restriction of the type locality may well be The Large Toads of Cuba AT Fic. 5-8 in order. Considering the fact that it is probable that Tschudi’s material came from the region of some seaport, and La Habana being disqualified for reasons specified above, I hereby pro- pose to restrict the type locality of Bufo peltacephalus pelta- cephalus Tschudi to the vicinity of Santiago de Cuba, Oriente Province, Cuba. The large toads of western Cuba are thus without a name, and for these western populations I hereby propose the name: Bufo peltacephalus fustiger new subspecies Type: American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) 59847, from San Vicente, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba, taken 21 December 1956, by John R. Feick. Original No. 1205. Paratypes (all from Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba): AMNH 63383, 3.5 km NE Guane, 26 August 1958, G. R. Zug; AMNH 63384, Cueva de Santo Tomas, 10 km N Cabezas, 1 September 1958, A. Schwartz; AMNH 61196-97, San Vicente, 29 August 1957, J. R. Feick; USNM 27330-32, El Guama, 18-25 March 1900, William Palmer and J. H. Riley; USNM 27634, San Diego de los Bafios, 17 April 1900, William Palmer and J. H. Riley. Distribution: Known from the Peninsula de Guanahacabibes ( Vallecito de San Juan) throughout Pinar del Rio, Habana and Matanzas provinces at least to the vicinity of the city of Matanzas. Diagnosis: A subspecies of Bufo peltacephalus characterized by a dif- 48 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington fuse dorsal pattern of yellows, tans and browns, usually appearing as vermiculations or confluent ill-defined blotches, large size (males up to 148 mm, females up to 164 mm in snout—vent length) and a long and broad head. Description of type: An adult male, with the following measurements (in millimeters ): snout—vent length, 126.6; length of head from snout to posterior border of tympanum, 40.3; greatest width of head, 52.8; longi- tudinal diameter of eye, 15.2; naris to eye, 11.1; femur, 46.3; tibia, 44.2; fourth toe, 45.8; interorbital distance, 20.4; “length” of parotoid gland, 24.3. The coloration of the type is a combination of dark chocolate-brown markings laterally which become slightly more reddish centrally, and irregular areas of tan, these areas not being sharply set off from the dark pattern. The entire dorsum gives the appearance of dark and light ver- miculations, arranged asymmetrically (see Fig. 3). There is a rather dis- tinct, brown, longitudinal band, beginning just posterior to the tympanum and extending along the side to the region of the groin, where it be- comes fragmented into a series of distinct brown spots. The fore- and hindlimbs are banded; the antebrachium, thigh, crus and pes each appear to have two bands. None of these limb markings is especially definite or prominent. The dorsal surface of the head is uniformly brown. The ven- tral surface is dull gray on the throat and chest, with the chin and lip areas cream. The belly becomes increasingly pale posteriorly after the gray chest, but remains somewhat clouded with gray to the region of the groin. The anterior and posterior faces of the thighs are mottled with brown blotches on a lighter tan background, the blotches on the anterior face of the thigh being smaller than those on the posterior. The head is like that of Bufo p. peltacephalus in that the cranial crests are low, and not projecting, and there is an anteorbital notch at the junc- tion of the supraorbital and canthal cranial crests (see Figs. 5 and 6). The upper lip does not project into a flange-like shelf, and the cranial crests and surface of head itself are smooth and lack any keratinized tuber- cles or spines. Although the dorsum is tuberculate, the warts on the ant- erior third being the largest, there are no keratinized spines either dorsally or ventrally, and the tubercles are low and rounded. The toes are rather short and webbed, 4-3-5-2-1 in order of decreasing length. The web between toes 3 and 4 is the largest, and allows three phalanges of digit 4 and two of digit 3 to remain free, although it extends as a marginal lateral flange to the tips of these digits. The basal phalanx of digit 4 lacks web but shows the dermal flange for about half its length. The fingers are moderate in length and slender, unwebbed, 3-4-1-2 in order of decreasing length. The tympanum is large and conspicuous, ec- centrically oval in shape, and separated from the posterior corner of the eye by a distance one-half its longitudinal diameter. The interorbital space is smooth, with three tubercles posteriorly. Microscopically, the interorbital space is raised into fine rugae, rather than tubercles. Variation: Six adult males have the following measurements: Snout— —— The Large Toads of Cuba 49 vent length 129.5 (115.6-147.8); head length 42.2 (39.0-47.7); head width 55.2 (50.5-62.3); longitudinal diameter of eye 14.9 (14.1-15.4); naris to eye 11.7 (9.5-12.7); femur 45.0 (41.1-50.5); tibia 44.8 (43.2- 46.0); fourth toe 45.2 (41.6—48.3); interorbital distance 21.0 (18.8—-23.5); “length” of parotoid 24.1 (23.0-26.1). Nine adult females measure: Snout—vent length 139.8 (125.5-163.8); head length 45.5 (41.5-50.4); head width 59.8 (55.6—-64.2); longitudinal diameter of eye 15.5 (13.7- 17.5); naris to eye 12.2 (10.6-13.0); femur 48.9. (38.8-56.0); tibia 48.6 (41.7-52.3); fourth toe 46.7 (41.8-50.6); interorbital distance 22.3 (19.7-24.2); “length” of parotoid 25.9 (22.8-28.8). Females average larger in all measurements taken than males. Comparison of the 14 adult specimens with the type shows some vari- ation. Although the dorsal pattern is always diffusely vermiculate, it is often more narrowly so than the pattern of the type; thus, the dorsum may show a very diffuse pattern of tan to yellow, diffuse, worm-like markings on a darker tan to chocolate-brown background. In no speci- men is the dorsal pattern clearly defined as it is in B. p. peltacephalus (see Figs. 1 and 2). Structurally, the series resembles the type in most ways; the dorsal and ventral tubercles may or may not be spinose. If the latter condition pertains, the spines are poorly developed and not striking. The anterior tubercles are always larger and more prominent than the posterior ones. The interorbital area is always smooth with fine rugae, with a few scattered bony tubercles posteriorly. Because of the broad head, this member often appears to be unusually large, even for such a big toad. All specimens show the prominent anteorbital notch. Comparisons: B. p. fustiger differs from the nominate form in that peltacephalus has a dorsal pattern of distinct yellow vermiculations on a chocolate to reddish-brown background (see Figs. 1 and 2). The diffuse pattern of fustiger contrasts with the definite pattern of peltacephalus. The western subspecies appears to reach a larger size than peltacephalus, males of which race are known to reach a size of 128 and females 139 mm. The difference in head width is reflected in the ratio of head width to snout—vent length; this ratio ( 100) in male fustiger is 42.7 (40.6-44.4) and in male peltacephalus 40.5 (38.3-45.5), in female fustiger 42.9 (38.1- 45.5) and in female peltacephalus 39.7 (37.2-40.8). Remarks: I have seen no specimens intermediate between the two subspecies of B. peltacephalus; the easternmost specimen of fustiger is from Matanzas, Matanzas Province, and the westernmost peltacephalus is from Soledad, Las Villas Province; thus a distance of some 170 kilo- meters separates the known ranges of these two forms. Intergrades are to be expected in western Las Villas and eastern Matanzas provinces. With the naming of an additional race of B. peltacephalus from Cuba, I am undecided about the status of the Isla de Pinos toads. I have exam- ined 16 adult toads from four Isla de Pinos localities, including both north and south coasts. Chromatically, these anurans are closest to B. p. pelta- cephalus, but occasional specimens resemble the western B. p. fustiger. In size, they are intermediate between the two Cuban races; males reach 50 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington a maximum size of 142 and females 149 mm. In contrast to fustiger, these toads are more narrow headed and are thus closer to peltacephalus. In addition, they appear to be more warty dorsally than either of the Cuban races. Although I feel that the relationship of the Isla de Pinos fauna is with that of western Cuba, it appears that these toads are an exceptional case, and I prefer to call them Bufo p. peltacephalus, thus showing their affinities with the central and eastern Cuban subspecies. The differences mentioned above should be noted, however. Bufo p. fustiger occupies the same niche in western Cuba that B. p. peltacephalus does elsewhere on the island. These toads occur, at times abundantly, in hardwood forest, cultivated fields, along stream banks, and in almost any mesic situation. They are not uncommon along the ocean in certain areas. Males vocalize from flooded ditches and slowly running streams, usually after heavy rains in summer, and are very shy, ceasing to call when disturbed. The measurement “length” of parotoid gland requires comment. Since the parotoids are lateral in position and are curved both dorsally and ven- trally, it is difficult to secure an accurate measurement of length. Actually, this measurement is almost one of thickness of the amphibian in the neck region, and thus can be used only with extreme reservation as far as dif- ferentiating various forms of the B. peltacephalus group is concerned. Specimens examined (other than type and paratypes): B. p. fustiger, PINAR DEL Rio PRovincE—Vallecito de San Juan, 11 km W Cayuco, 1 (AMNH 63382); La Mulata, 2 (USNM 51864—65); Guanajay, 1 (USNM 27333); 3 km NE Guanajay, 1 (AMNH 59843); Maranzas PrRovINCE— 6 mi. E Canasi, 1 (AMNH 63379); Matanzas, 1 (USNM 57892). Also numerous juveniles and subadults from Pinar del Rio and Habana provinces. Bufo p. peltacephalus, LAs VitLAs Province—Soledad, nr. Cienfuegos, 5 (AMNH 6020, 61185-88 ); CamactrEy PRoviINcE—3 mi. S Playa Santa Lucia, 2 (AMNH 63473); 2 km SE Banao, 1 (AMNH 61194); OrntenTE PROVINCE—Banes 2 (USNM 138901, 138903); El Cobre, 1 (AMNH 494); Santiago de Cuba, 3 (AMNH 495, USNM 57893-94); 0.7 mi SW El Cristo, 1 (AMNH 63474); 5 mi S Dos Caminos, 5 (AMNH 63475); Guantanamo, 1 (USNM 81807); 12 mi E Guantanamo, 1 (AMNH 63481); Taco Bay 1 (AMNH 63482); Pilon, 1 (AMNH 32209); Ista pE PiInos— just W Nueva Gerona, east base Sierra de las Casas, 7 (AMNH 63380); Bibijagua, 1 (AMNH 61199); Paso de Piedras, ca. 20 km SSW Santa Fé, 5 (AMNH 61200, 61203-06); Jacksonville, 3 (AMNH 63381). Also additional juveniles and subadults from Las Villas, Camagtiey, and Oriente provinces, as well as the Isla de Pinos. In the summer of 1959, Messrs. Klinikowski and Smith, and myself col- lected a small series of distinctly patterned toads on El Yunque de Bara- coa. In addition to their characteristic design, these toads were structur- ally distinct from B. peltacephalus, although obviously closely related to it. The two forms appear to be generally sympatric, although ecologically separated. That this ecological isolation is not complete is shown by two The Large Toads of Cuba 51 specimens which I regard as hybrids between the two. The new species and B. peltacephalus I regard as another example of the rapidly increasing number of recognized sibling species in the West Indies, and for this form I propose the name, in honor of James R. Talada for his enthusiastic assistance in many ways in the field, as Bufo taladai, new species Type: AMNH 63485, from 2 mi S Taco Bay (Bahia de Taco), Oriente Province, Cuba, taken 23 December 1959, by Albert Schwartz. Original number 8598. Paratypes (all from Oriente Province, Cuba): AMNH 63484, Taco Bay, 22 December 1959, P. F. Pepe; AMNH 63486-87, same date as type; AMNH 63490-93, 3 mi S Taco Bay, 25 December 1959, P. F. Pepe and Albert Schwartz; AMNH 63476-79, west slope, El Yunque de Baracoa, 7 August 1959, R. F. Klinikowski, A. Schwartz, B. L. Smith. Distribution: Known from the north coast of Oriente (vicinity of Bara- coa) west to northern Camagiiey (vicinity of Banao). Diagnosis: A moderately large species of Bufo (largest male 138, larg- est female 147), related to Bufo peltacephalus but differing from that species in having a dorsal pattern of dark brown with light yellow ocellate spots; lacking an anteorbital notch at the junction of the supraorbital and canthal cranial crests, all cranial crests beaded with minute keratinized granules; a distinctly flanged upper jaw; and more spinose than B. pelta- cephalus, especially on the anterior dorsal surface, parotoid glands, dorsal surface of the arms, and throat and chest. Description of the type: An adult female, with the following measure- ments: Snout—vent length 141.8; length of head from snout to posterior border of tympanum 49.0; greatest width of head 59.3; longitudinal dia- meter of eye 17.2; naris to eye 12.6; femur 48.4; tibia 47.2; fourth toe 49.8; interorbital distance 23.1; “length” of parotoid gland 23.1. The coloration of the type is uniformly chocolate-brown dorsally, mot- tled with a profusion of light yellow, generally rounded, spots, which are somewhat dusky (tan) along the midline of the back (see Fig. 4). The femoral markings are like those of the dorsum, and the concealed surfaces of the thighs are brown with a pattern of yellow spots and vermiculations. There are apparently three brown crural crossbars, and the dorsal surface of the pes is mottled brown and yellow. The toes, as well as the fingers, are tan to cream colored. The forelimbs are likewise mottled brown and yellow, with three poorly delineated antebrachial crossbars. The entire head is brown without chromatic features. The ventral surface is dirty cream on the belly to a very pale tan on the chest and throat. The palmar and plantar tubercles are prominent but not keratinized. Structurally, the type is characterized by the high and prominent cranial crests (see Figs. 7 and 8) and the absence of an anteorbital notch be- tween the supraorbital and canthal crests. Immediately anterior to the eye, the junction of these two crests is somewhat raised, and then the canthal crest descends rather abruptly to the naris. The parietal area of 52 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington the head is irregularly rugose, and the region between the tympanum and the upper labial margin, as well as the loreal area, shows irregular small keratinized tubercles. The upper jaw projects laterally and anteriorly into a sort of shelf or flange, along the surfaces and edge of which are studded a series of tiny but conspicuous horny tubercles, which occur as well along the margin of the mouth itself. The postorbital, supraorbital, preorbital, canthal, and rostral crests likewise are beaded with these small horny tubercles, and the profile of the head is distinctly sharp-nosed rather than with the blunt appearance of peltacephalus (see Fig. 5). The upper eye- lids are also spinose. On the body, the dorsal tubercles are distinctly horny, the keratiniza- tions larger and more conspicuous anteriorly than posteriorly, and giving the appearance of a tuberculate and spinose cape over the back between the parotoids. All warts on the fore- and hindlimbs have horny spines. The throat and chest are spinose, the black spines prominent against the pale tan to gray ground color. Posterior to the chest, the spines become smaller and less conspicuous, and they disappear completely about half way across the belly. The toes are relatively long and webbed, 4-3-5-2-1 in order of decreas- ing length. The web between toes 3 and 4 is the largest, and allows three phalanges of digit 4 and two of digit 3 to remain free, although it extends as a marginal lateral flange almost to the tips of these digits. The fingers are long and slender, 3-4-2-1 in order of decreasing length, unwebbed. The tympanum is large and conspicuous, irregularly oval in shape, and separated from the posterior corner of the eye by a distance one and one- half times its longitudinal diameter. The interorbital area is smooth throughout most of its length, but there are a few irregular rugosities post- eriorly; microscopic examination of the interorbital fossa shows that it is paved with tiny tubercles, giving it a shagreened appearance. Variation: Seven adult males have the following measurements: snout— vent length 117.8 (99.8-138.4); head length 38.6 (31.0-45.2); head width 45.1 (30.0-53.6); diameter of eye 13.9 (10.8-15.7); naris to eye 10.5 (7.3-12.6); femur 41.2 (36.0-51.5 ); interorbital distance 18.5 (14.4— 22.0); “length” parotoid 20.9 (18.2-24.7). Seven adult females, includ- ing the type, have the following measurements: snout—vent length 138.4 (118.5-146.9); head length 45.0 (37.8-49.0); head width 55.5 (47.8— 59.3); diameter of eye 15.5 (13.3-17.2); naris to eye 12.0 (10.7-12.8); femur 47.4 (36.9-54.7); tibia 46.4 (38.4—48.3); fourth toe 47.0 (40.5— 50.0); interorbital distance 22.5 (18.5-24.4); “length” parotoid 24.7 (20.4-29.1). Inspection of these data shows that females average larger in all measurements taken. Mature males may have a heavily cornified area on the entire dorsal surface of the thumb, but some of the larger males lack this keratinized pad. Comparison with the type of the 13 specimens regarded as mature shows that they agree very well with it in coloration and pattern. The dorsal color is always some shade of brown, usually dark, with the back pro- fusely covered with pale yellow to cream spots. The precise configuration The Large Toads of Cuba 53 and arrangement of these spots varies; some individuals (AMNH 63493 ) are almost irregularly vermiculate, whereas others (AMNH 63476) have relatively few small discrete spots, and much more dark ground color than pale on the dorsum. In some the parotoids are distinctly yellowish in preservative, but this is not usual. The crural bands are at times almost completely obliterated by random and diffuse pale mottling and spotting. All the adult specimens are like the type insofar as wartiness, absence of the anteorbital notch, pointed snout and flanged upper jaw are con- cerned. One individual (AMNH 63480) is unique in that the supra- orbital crest almost overhangs the eye anteriorly. The ventral spines may be more or less prominent than on the type; if more, they extend over the entire belly, and if less, they involve the throat and chest only. There are eight juvenile and subadult specimens ranging in snout—vent length from 23.7 to 97.6 mm. The largest of these resembles the adults in pattern; the next largest (96.0 in snout—vent) is considerably lighter dorsally, and the dorsum is more or less diffusely vermiculate. The re- maining six toads, of which the largest is 59.6 mm, show the juvenile pat- tern of a dark brown interocular triangle, its apex pointed posteriorly, and two pairs of dark brown dorsal blotches, the posterior pair somewhat less clearly defined than the anterior. The ground color of these small toads was dull tan in life, and none showed the vivid emerald green or rich reddish-tan of young B. peltacephalus. All juveniles lack the anteorbital notch; the larger three toads in addi- tion have the beaded cranial crests and heavily spinose back and face of the adults. It is apparent that the characteristics of taladai are not the manifestations of age or senility. Comparisons: B. taladai hardly needs comparison with the three species of smaller toads (B. longinasus, B. gundlachi and B. cataulaciceps) of Cuba, nor with the somewhat larger B. empusus. The new species exceeds the former three greatly in size, and is distinctly larger than empusus, which species reaches a maximum body length of 74 mm (Ruibal, 1959: 14). From B. peltacephalus, taladai differs in lacking the anteorbital notch, and in having a pattern of light spots on an otherwise dark dorsum. The new species is far more spinose than peltacephalus, and the head appears to be more pointed (i.e., longer and narrower). Attempts at proving such a difference in head shape statistically show no significant difference, but at least male taladai have the average head width/snout—vent length ratio lower (39.1) than do male peltacephalus (40.1 Isla de Pinos, 42.7 western Cuba, 40.5 eastern Cuba). Female taladai have this ratio similar to B. p. fustiger. In size, taladai reaches a smaller size than Isla de Pinos and western Cuba peltacephalus, but is larger than the eastern race. I am unable to differentiate the two species involved on the basis of any meas- urements or proportions. Comparison of juvenile peltacephalus and taladai shows that even the smallest peltacephalus have a clearly defined anteorbital notch, whereas the smallest taladai lack it. The cranial crests of the small peltacephalus 54 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington are irregularly edged, whereas those of taladai are smoother. The pat- terns of both are comparable, although I have had the impression that the interocular triangle is narrower and more restricted in peltacephalus and larger and wider in taladai. Juvenile peltacephalus only 48.5 mm in snout— vent length are already losing the juvenile pattern and have the first indi- cation of the adult pattern, whereas a juvenile taladai 59.6 mm in snout— vent length still retains the juvenile pattern. There may thus be a differ- ence between the two forms concerning size at which the juveniles begin to change to the adult pattern. Remarks: Two specimens deserve special comment; these are AMNH 63488 from the type locality, and USNM 138902, from Banes, Oriente. This latter specimen has been reported upon by Lynn (1957: 57). It is one of three specimens from Banes collected by Major Chapman Grant; the remaining two toads are typical of p. peltacephalus. Lynn com- mented that the one toad was not typical of B. peltacephalus in that it lacked the anteorbital notch; the dorsal pattern likewise appears to be rather diffuse and is neither like the ocellate taladai pattern nor the dis- tinctly vermiculate peltacephalus pattern. It resembles the latter species in lacking beaded cranial crests, and being smoother dorsally and vent- trally, without spinose tubercles. The toad from Taco Bay likewise lacks anteorbital notches, is not spinose dorsally, but has a spiny throat and chest, and was almost uniformly olive green in life with vague mottling and blotching in gray and brown dorsally. Both specimens have a rather intermediately flanged upper jaw. I prefer to call these two bufonids hybrids between taladai and pelta- cephalus. Structurally, they are almost ideally intermediate between the two species. Although taladai is presently not known from the Banes area, it is to be expected there since it occurs farther to the west in Camagiey. Both peltacephalus and taladai are known from Taco Bay, and the possi- bility of hybridization is not untenable. It might be argued that these two specimens represent intergrades—rather than hybrids—between the two toads, and that taladai should be regarded as a race of peltacephalus. The random nature of the distribution of these two peculiar individuals, and the fact that both forms maintain their distinctness despite geograph- ical, if not ecological, sympatry elsewhere convinces me that the rela- tionship is a specific one. All specimens of B. taladai were taken in cut-over rain forest. The El Yunque series was obtained on a road on the side of this mountain as the toads hopped about on the road and in adjacent banana and cacao groves; the series from Taco Bay was taken in similar situations. The single Taco Bay peltacephalus, on the other hand, was taken in coastal scrub growth near the shore of the ocean, and was not associated with rain forest. Specimens examined other than paratypes: CAMAGUEY, 2 km SE Banao, 2 (AMNH 61193, 61195); OrtenreE, Moa, 1 (INHS 9269); Mayari, 1 (MCZ 3725); Taco Bay, 1 (AMNH 63482); 3 mi S Taco Bay, 3 (AMNH 63489, 63494-95 ); Baracoa, 1 (MCZ 22090). The Large Toads of Cuba 55 LITERATURE CITED Lynn, W. Gardner. 1957. Notes on a collection of amphibians from Banes, Oriente, Cuba. Herpetologica, 13(1): 56-58. Ruibal, Rodolfo. 1959. Bufo gundlachi, a new species of Cuban toad. Breviora, 105: 1-14, 10 Figs. Tschudi, J. J. 1838. Classification der Batrachier. Neuchatel, 1—102, 3 pls. : EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Fig. 1—Bufo p. peltacephalus, AMNH 63475, adult male, snout—vent length 123.9 mm, from 5 mi S Dos Caminos, Oriente Province, Cuba. Fig. 2—Bufo p. peltacephalus, AMNH 63481, adult female, snout— vent length 133.6 mm, from 12 mi E Guantanamo, Oriente Province, Cuba. Fig. 3.—Bufo p. fustiger, new subspecies, AMNH 59847, type, adult male, snout—vent length 126.6 mm, from San Vicente, Pinar de Rio Proy- ince, Cuba. Fig. 4.—Bufo taladai, new species, AMNH 63485, type, adult female, snout—vent length 141.8 mm, from 2 mi S Taco Bay, Oriente Province, Cuba. Fig. 5.—Bufo p. peltacephalus, lateral view of head, AMNH 63473, from 3 mi S Playa Santa Lucia, Camagtiey Province, Cuba; note absence of flange-like upper lip. Fig. 6.—Bufo p. peltacephalus, dorsal view of head, same individual as Fig. 5; note prominent anteorbital notch. Fig. 7.—Bufo taladai, lateral view of head, same individual as Fig. 4; note flange-like upper lip. Fig. 8.—Bufo taladai, dorsal view of head, same individual as Fig. 4; note absence of anteorbital notch. 56 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Lo¢ ie Vol. 73, pp. 57-62 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NEW SUBSPECIES OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS By KENNETH C, PARKES Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. ) In connection with my current studies of the birds of cen- tral Luzon, I have reviewed the geographic variation of cer- tain species in the Philippine archipelago as a whole. This has resulted in the discovery of several new subspecies, of which three are described here. For one of these, a race of the sun- bird Aethopyga shelleyi, an old name is available. Specimens have been borrowed through the courtesy of the authorities of the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Chicago Natural History Museum (CNHM), U. S. National Museum (USNM), and Yale Peabody Museum (YPM). Luzon speci- mens of Saxicola caprata in Carnegie Museum (CM) were col- lected in connection with a project of the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, under the sponsor- ship of the Commission on Viral Infections, Armed Forces Epi- demiological Board, and supported in part by the Office of the Surgeon General, U. S. Department of the Army. Pitta sordida palawanensis, new subspecies Type: Adult ¢,CM No. 100677, collected at Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippine Islands, by R. C. McGregor et al., 10 August 1925. Characters: Nearest P. s. sordida of the Philippine archipelago proper, but blue of rump and wing coverts of a richer, deeper cobalt color (deeper than in any other race of this widely distributed species ); in sordida these areas are paler and greener, more of a turquoise color. The outer edges of the inner secondaries are bluer, less green, in palawanensis, although this can be matched in some specimens of sordida. The green of the dorsum of palawanensis can be seen, in series, to be lighter than that of sordida. This difference is not apparent on the underparts, which are subject to much individual variation in the amount of bluish wash over the green. The odd plumage variation in which the green dorsal and ventral feath- ers are marked with black streaks is more common in sordida than in pala- wanensis. These markings, not known to be correlated with age or sex, 10—Proc, Brot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 73, 1960 657) a ZA PP V, qt NON SMI MOUINIAT INSTITUTION AUG ] 6 1960 58 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington are present in 10 out of 25 (40%) of sordida examined, and in 3 out of 24 (12.5%) of palawanensis. In addition to color differences described above, Palawan specimens have, on the average, longer bills than those of sordida. Remarks: Three type specimens have been examined during this study; those of Pitta atricapilla rothschildi Parrot, P. leucoptera Elliot, and P. persola Brodkorb. The type of rothschildi, from Marinduque, is strikingly different from any other specimen of Pitta sordida examined in having a strong blue wash on the underparts. Other characters ascribed to it by Parrot are not apparent. A female from Marinduque, however, collected within three days of the type of rothschildi, is inseparable from a series of sordida, and I agree with Hartert (1922: 379) that rothschildi repre- sents an extreme variant of P. s. sordida. The type of leucoptera is a very young juvenile without data. The blue feathers of the rump do not match those of Palawan birds in shade, so leucoptera need not be considered as a possible name for the Palawan race. The type of Pitta persola Brodkorb, 1934, is in the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan, where I examined it on 16 April 1957. It is a specimen in very poor condition. The underparts are badly faded, and the abdomen may well have been as brilliantly red as in any sordida when fresh. There is no sign of any black in mid-abdomen, “persola” in this respect resembling CM No. 100845, an immature specimen of sordida palawanensis. There are, however, no other indications of immaturity about the type of persola, in spite of the conjectures of Hachisuka (1935: 423). The bill of this specimen, although broken, can be seen to be smaller than that of normal P. s. sordida, and thus much smaller than that of P. s. palawanensis. The nostril of persola was described as being “narrow and almost linear, instead of broad and oblique” as in the single specimen of “sordida” (= palawanensis) examined by Brodkorb. Actu- ally the nostril is not unlike that of certain specimens of sordida; there is much variation in apparent shape of the nostrils depending on the way the operculum has dried, and on whether a thread was passed through the nostrils by the preparator (a deplorable but virtually universal prac- tice). The supposed darker bill and feet of persola can be matched in series of sordida. The two characters in which persola departs completely from P. s. sordida and P. s. palawanensis are the green rather than black tail, and the complete absence of white on the primaries. As noted by Hachisuka (loc. cit.), these are characteristics of a southern group of sub- species of Pitta sordida from the Celebes, New Guinea, etc. This fact, to- gether with the “make” of the skin itself, suggests that the type of Pitta persola was probably a native trade skin purchased by Steere in the market in Puerto Princesa. I cannot agree with Meise (1938: 158) in considering persola to be an aberrant specimen of the Palawan population of Pitta sordida; the name persola will probably find its way into the synonymy of one of the southern races of Pitta sordida, but it is certainly not appli- cable to the population here called Pitta sordida palawanensis. Measurements (in millimeters): Bill from anterior edge of nostril: New Subspecies of Philippine Birds 59 P. s. sordida; 12.4, 13.1, 13.5, 13.5, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 14.1, 14.3, 14.4, 14.8, 14.8, 14.9, 14.9, 15.0, 15.1, 15.3. P. s. palawanensis; 14.5, 14.7, 15.2, 15.3, 15.3, 15.3, 15.7, 15.7, 16.3, 16.4, 16.4, 16.5, 16.6, 17.2, 17.6. Sexes are alike in size. There is no significant difference in wing length between palawa- nensis and sordida in general. Within sordida, two birds from Negros and one from Samar are rather short-winged (95, 101, and 97 mm as compared with 101-107 mm for Luzon birds), and the Samar specimen has the smallest bill of any Philippine example measured (12.4 mm). It is doubt- ful, however, whether any further subdivision of sordida is either prac- tical or desirable. Specimens examined (adults only): P. s. palawanensis: PALAWAN— 23; BALABAC—1. P. s. sordida: Luzon—8; MArinpuQUE—2 (including type of rothschildi); Mixporo—1; NEcros—2; CEesu—1; SiQuijor—1; SAMAR—1; Minpanao—1; BAstLAN—4; JoLo—3; Tawi-Tawi—l. Also types of Pitta leucoptera and P. persola, and specimens in AMNH of all recognized races of P. sordida. Saxicola caprata randi, new subspecies Type: Female, AMNH No. 459839, collected at Bondo, Siaton, Negros, Philippine Islands, by D. S. Rabor, 30 January 1954 (collector’s No. 5931). Characters: Females differ from S. c. caprata of Luzon as follows: much blacker above; throat paler, more grayish or whitish rather than cinnamon-buff; underparts with heavy black shaft-streaks, accentuated in worn plumage; thighs distinctly spotted rather than faintly spotted or immaculate; under tail coverts averaging paler buff, contrasting more with color of lower abdomen; a partly-concealed white patch, formed by the inner webs of the smaller tertials and adjacent coverts, is present on some (not all) individuals, varying in degree of development (this mark absent in caprata). Females agree with those of S. c. anderseni Salomon- sen from Mindanao in coldness of color tone and frequent presence of white wing-patch, but anderseni is a pale race with little or no shaft- streaking on the underparts. Males of the three Philippine races are not surely separable, although there is a tendency for caprata to have solidly black axillars, those of randi and anderseni usually being tipped with white. Remarks: Specimens of randi have been examined from Negros, Bohol, and Siquijor. One female from Panay and one from Mindoro are too pale to be randi and too gray to be caprata, most nearly resembling the geo- graphically distant anderseni. Additional specimens may show the exist- ence of another race from the islands south of Luzon and north of Negros and Bohol. A single male from Ticao is unidentifiable. This subspecies is named for Dr. A. L. Rand of the Chicago Natural History Museum, in recognition of his many contributions to our knowl- edge of the birds of the central Philippines. Specimens examined: S. c. caprata: Luzon—20. S. c. randi: Necros— 5; Bonoc—14; Siguyor—1. S. c. anderseni: MiInpDANAo—6. S. c. subsp.: Minporo—2; PANAY—1; Ticao—1. 60 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Aethopyga shelleyi minuta Bourns and Worcester The subspecies flavipectus of the highly polytypic sunbird Aethopyga shelleyi is assigned by Delacour and Mayr (1946: 232) to the islands of Luzon, Mindoro, and Polillo. The subspecies rubrinota, described from the small island of Lubang (northwest of Mindoro), is considered by these authors to be “doubtfully separable.” Gilliard (1950: 500) erroneously cites the type locality of flavipectus as Mindoro; Ogilvie-Grant based this name on Whitehead’s specimens “from the mountains of Northern Luzon.” I have been able to locate only four specimens from northern Luzon; all are in the AMNH, and all, unfortunately, are males. Comparison of these specimens with others from central and southern Luzon and Mindoro, and with rubrinota from Lubang (lacking in the AMNH collection and thus not seen by Delacour and Mayr) indicates not only that rubrinota is a valid race, but that flavipectus is confined to northern Luzon. A third race in- habits Luzon south of the range of flavipectus; these birds are inseparable from those of Mindoro, so the name Aethopyga minuta Bourns and Wor- cester (1894: 18), based on a lost unique type from Mindoro, may be revived for this additional race. Males of true flavipectus from northern Luzon are similar to rubrinota of Lubang in being pale yellow below; however, the yellow is slightly deeper in flavipectus, and is palest and greenest on the throat, deepening posteriorly. In rubrinota the yellow is nearly uniform. The relative depth of the yellow of the rump agrees with that of the breast. The iridescence of the forehead is definitely more purplish, less green in rubrinota. This is also true, although difficult to see, of the posterior half of the iridescent moustachial stripe. This difference in iridescence does not hold true for the upper tail coverts, which are identical in color in the two races. The red of the back and sides of face and neck is slightly duller in rubrinota. True flavipectus differs from minuta in being decidedly paler yellow below and on the rump, and in having the green of the crown darker and duller. Only one of the 9 adult males of minuta seen has a bill as slender as those of the 4 flavipectus. Width at the base of the bill, in millimeters, is as follows: flavipectus: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.3 minuta (Luzon): 3.7, 3.7, 3.8, 3.8 minuta (Mindoro): 3.2, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9. Ripley and Rabor (1958: 73) found a difference in the red of the back between their three Mindoro males and a single male from Tayabas, Luzon. When additional specimens are examined, this difference is shown to be due to individual variation. As mentioned previously, no females of true flavipectus from northern Luzon were available. Females of rubrinota agree with males with re- spect to general paleness of their yellows. Females of minuta appear to be highly variable, and the material at hand does not show conclusively whether or not this may be correlated with age. None of the specimens is marked “immature” or “adult” on the label, but I suspect that the New Subspecies of Philippine Birds 61 paler, grayer (less greenish below) females such as CNHM No. 98896 (Lamao, Bataan, Luzon) may be immature individuals. The geographic variation of Aethopyga shelleyi in the northern Philip- pines parallels in some respects that of Parus elegans (Parkes, 1958). In both species there is a pale, greenish-yellow race in the mountains of northern Luzon, while the richly yellow birds of southern Luzon and Mindoro are inseparable. Ripley and Rabor (1958: 67-69) did not rec- ognize the northern Luzon Parus elegans montigenus, but they had ade- quate material only from Mindoro. Their series of 17 adult males from Mindoro, 4 from northern Luzon, and 2 from southern Luzon, were all included within the series of 18, 37, and 19, respectively, assembled for my revision of this species. The larger series does not support the con- clusions of Ripley and Rabor. Specimens examined: A. s. rubrinota: LupBANc—4 6, 3 9. A. s. flavipectus: Luzon—Sablan, Benguet, 2 ¢; “North Luzon,” 2 6. A. s. minuta: Luzon—Bataan Prov., 3 6, 1 9; Laguna Prov., 4 9; Tayabas (= Quezon) Prov., 1 ¢, 1 2. Minporo—Mt. Halcon range, 4 ¢,1 9; Rio Baco, 1 ¢,1 2; Alcate, Victoria, 1 6,1 2. Ripley and Rabor (1958: 14) list Aethopyga shelleyi among the species typical of “lowlands and rolling country” that also extend their range into “foothills and moderate mountain elevations (1,500—3,500 feet altitude).” But USNM No. 202457 was taken at 4,500 feet on a “spur of main ridge of Mt. Halcon,” and AMNH Nos. 686595-6 at 5,000 feet on Mt. Dulangan. LITERATURE CITED Bourns, Frank S. and Dean C. Worcester. 1894. Preliminary notes on the birds and mammals collected by the Menage Scientific Expedition to the Philippine Islands. Occas. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1: 1-64. Brodkorb, Pierce. 1934. A new Pitta from Palawan, Philippine Islands. Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, No. 279: 3pp. Delacour, Jean and Ernst Mayr. 1946. Birds of the Philippines. Mac- millan, New York: xv+309pp. Gilliard, E. Thomas. 1950. Notes on a collection of birds from Bataan, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 94: 457-504. Hachisuka, Masauji. 1935. The birds of the Philippine Islands. Vol. II, pt. IV. Witherby, London: 257-469. Hartert, Ernst. 1922. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection. Nov. Zool., 29: 365-412. Meise, Wilhelm. 1938. Fortschritte der ornithologischen Systematik seit 1920. Proc. Eighth Int. Ornithological Cong.: 49-189. Parkes, Kenneth C. 1958. A revision of the Philippine Elegant Tit- mouse (Parus elegans). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71: 95-106. Ripley, S. Dillon and D. S. Rabor. 1958. Notes on a collection of birds from Mindoro Island, Philippines. Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist., 13: iv+83pp. 62 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Vol. 73, pp. 63-66 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A REMARKABLE NEW SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL AGALLIOPSIS AND THE PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN MALE OF AGALLIOPSIS INSCRIPTA OMAN (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE: AGALLIINAE) By JAMEs P. KRAMER Entomology Res. Div., Agricultural Res. Serv., U.S. Dept. Agriculture The genus Agalliopsis, at least as presently conceived, is found in both the Nearctic and Neotropical Regions. Oman reviewed the North American species in 1933 (U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull., 372: 8-24); the Central American species in 1934 (Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 27(3): 445-453); and the South American species in 1938 (Ann. Carmegie Mus., 25: 354-362). For the most part, leafhoppers of the genus Agalliopsis are not known for either their bright coloration or large size. Most of them are rather drab insects whose coloration involves var- ious shades of brown, yellow or black. Few are more than 5 mm, while the great majority are 4 mm or less in length. It was, therefore, surprising to find a strikingly colored un- described species of comparatively gigantic size among the undetermined neotropical leafhoppers in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Both W. E. China of the British Mu- seum and R. Linnavuori of Turku, Tyttdlyseo, Finland, were consulted regarding this species and they are also of the opin- ion that it is undescribed. In addition to the description of the new species, the male of Agalliopsis inscripta Oman is reported for the first time. Agalliopsis rex, new species Length: Male 8.25 to 8.75 mm. Not very close to any described mem- ber of the genus, but with the posterior margin of crown sinuately curved laterally and produced behind eyes although not strongly so. Compara- tively long, slender species. Genae longitudinally wrinkled. Posterior 11—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasu., Vor. 73, 1960 (63) ent NEON. AUG 1¢ ‘999 ‘ ~/BR ARN 64 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fic. 1-7 margin of pronotum straight. Tegmina greatly exceeding abdomen in length and without second cross-vein between sectors. Coloration: Head black, eyes brownish, ocelli and antennae reddish. Genae reddish in some specimens. Pronotum, scutellum, thoracic venter | and legs black. Genital capsule black, rest of abdomen scarlet to red. Teg- mina varying from scarlet to rusty red with apices black to dark fumose. | Whitish bloom on some specimens, most noticeable on black areas of head | and thorax. Male genitalia: Pygofer simple, without processes or notches. Both | valve and plates elongate (Fig. 4). Tenth segment terminating with a pair of hooklike processes (Fig. 5). Aedeagus exceedingly long, flattened, New Species of Neotropical Agallipopsis 65 slender, almost ribbon-like, with rather stout ventral accessory process (Fig. 1). Two pairs of slender processes at tip of aedeagus, and gonopore ventral, at apex (Fig. 2). Style in ventral view with mesal lobe or inner fork long and curved laterad; the connective short, Y-shaped and articu- lated with aedeagus (Fig. 6). Holotype: Male, Ecuador, 3,000 ft. USNM No. 64866. Seven paratype males as follows: 1—same data as type; 1—Colombia; 1—Tuyo-c, Ecua- dor; 4—Zunai, Ecuador. Female unknown. Paratypes will be deposited in the British Museum and in the Linnavuori collection. A. rex may be separated from all other members of Agalliopsis by its strongly contrasting scarlet to rusty-red and black color pattern, its large size and distinctive male genitalia. Agalliopsis inscripta Oman 1934. Agalliopsis inscripta Oman, Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 27(3): 450. The original description of this species was based upon three female specimens. The male specimen on hand fits this description exactly. Com- parison with the only paratype in the USNM confirms the identity of the male. Habitus, including size and color, as in female. Male genitalia: Pygofer indented on both dorsal and caudal margins. Male plates not fused basally. Valve poorly defined. Tenth segment with sharp, broad, ventral, preapical expansion terminating nearly truncately, with sharp dorsal and ventral points of moderate length. Aedeagus short, moderately stout and irregular in outline. Styles rather short, with forks of about equal length. (Fig. 7.) Single male in USNM collection with data: Antonio-Such., Guatemala, 26 January 1955, J. Castro. The holotype female was collected at Cerro Zunil, Guatemala, and is in the British Museum. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Figs. 1-6.—Agalliopsis rex (holotype). 1. Lateral view of aedeagus (somewhat twisted ), connective and style. 2. Ventral aspect of aedeagal apex. 3. Dorso-lateral aspect of aedeagal apex. 4. Ventral view of valve and male plates. 5. Tenth segment in dorsal view. 6. Ventral aspect of connective and style. Fig. 7.—Agalliopsis inscripta, lateral view of entire genital capsule with all component parts. [Drawings made at various magnifications. ] 66 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 4 bL72 Vol. 73, pp. 67-82 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VARIATION IN THE CUBAN LIZARD LEIOCEPHALUS RAVICEPS COPE By ALBERT SCHWARTZ Department of Biology, Albright College, Reading, Pa. Of the five species of the genus Leiocephalus inhabiting Cuba, the least known is Leiocephalus raviceps Cope. De- scribed by Cope in 1862 on the basis of specimens collected by the botanist Charles Wright in “eastern Cuba,” L. raviceps was unknown to Gundlach except from the original description (Gundlach, 1875:354; 1880:34). Barbour (1914:301) followed Boulenger in regarding L. raviceps as a synonym of L. vittatus (= L. cubensis), but later he and Ramsden (1919:173) fol- lowed Stejneger (1917:53) in affirming the distinctness of the species, although they were not certain that it was Cuban. These two authors assumed that Wright’s types came most probably from the Sierra de Yateras (probably owing to Gund- lach’s (1880) comment), but Ramsden was unable to find the lizard in that immediate area. This is not surprising, when it is known that L. raviceps is an inhabitant of the most xeric areas in Cuba, and is not known to occur in mesic areas or forest. Cochran (1934:39) apparently was the first to report L. raviceps from a definite locality in Cuba; she cited specimens from four localities in the vicinity of Guantanamo Bay in Ori- ente, and erroneously (see Schwartz, 1959:110-11) from the Doce Leguas keys off Camagiiey Province. Alayo (1951:109; 1955:16) reported the species from La Socapa, on the west side of the Bahia de Santiago, and from Laguna de Baconao on the coast road between Santiago de Cuba and Guantanamo. Thus, L. raviceps is now known from the region of the Bahia de Santiago east to the Bahia de Guantanamo; the only record of the species to the west of the Bahia de Santiago is Alayo’s specimen from La Socapa, whereas the only record from east 12——Proc. BioLt. Soc. WasH., VoL. 73, 1960 (67) = — Qe thSONig ri A AUG 1¢ 00 \ linmagt J 68 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington of the Bahia de Guantanamo is that of Cochran from Boqueron. During the summer of 1959, specimens of L. raviceps were collected at various localities on the south Oriente coast by myself, Ronald F. Klinikowski, and Barton L. Smith. During the Christmas holiday season of 1959, a new series was taken in the Sierra de Purial by myself and James R. Talada. All these collections were made under a National Science Founda- tion research grant. For the first time, ample series of speci- mens from various localities are available. It is not surprising that two subspecies are readily distinguishable in the material from Oriente. In addition to these fresh specimens, I have had the opportunity to examine the cotypes of L. raviceps in the U. S. National Museum, as well as a small series collected by Thomas M. Uzzell, Jr., and Richard Etheridge at the U. S. Naval Base on the east side of Guantanamo Bay, and a single specimen from Baracoa. I wish to thank Doris M. Cochran, Norman E. Hartweg, and Miguel L. Jaume Garcia for permis- sion to examine specimens respectively in the U. S. National Museum (USNM), Museum of Zoology, University of Michi- gan (UMMZ), and the Museo y Biblioteca de Zoologia de la Habana (MBZH). Knowing my interest in the species, Messrs. Uzzell and Etheridge kindly allowed me to examine their very pertinent material. The illustrations are the work of Ronald F. Klinikowski; his work on my behalf is sponsored by a Na- tional Science Undergraduate Research Participation grant. In addition to the specimens from Oriente, we collected a series of L. raviceps on the northern coast of Matanzas Province near Varadero. These specimens are the first extra-Oriente lizards of this species, and they too represent a distinct new form; a distance of some 690 kilometers separates this popula- tion from the nearest known Oriente population of L. raviceps. In order to establish which of the three populations of L. raviceps best agrees with Cope’s concept of the species, I have examined the seven cotypes of the species (USNM 4162). This series consists of two adult males and five adult females, all in fair condition considering their preservation for almost a century. Cope’s (op. cit.:183) description of coloration and pattern are a composite of the series; he stated, “Above yellow- ish brown, with many short, narrow, black longitudinal lines, which are something arranged as a double series of dorsal Variation In the Cuban Lizard 69 spots.” In general, the males have the dorsal short lines (dashes), whereas the females have a double series of dorsal spots. This characterization of the cotypes, along with Cope’s comment “Top of head light yellowish brown,” is sufficient to restrict it to the population of L. raviceps which occurs east of the Bahia de Guantanamo, i.e., between Guantanamo and Cajobabo, and in the Sierra de Purial. The remainder of Cope’s description is consonant with the allocation of the cotypes with this population, and examination of the series of cotypes con- firms this arrangement. Comparison of the types with fresh material from this region, and with specimens of the new dark race from farther west along the Oriente coast, shows that this area is occupied by the nominate form. Only Gundlach (1880:34) has attempted to restrict the type locality of L. raviceps Cope; this Cuban herpetologist restricted it to “the mountains near Guanténamo, Oriente.” This general locality was not unlikely, since it is known that Wright col- lected in this area. Repeated search for raviceps in the mesic Sierra de Yateras by herpetologists yielded no specimens. How- ever, the species does occur in the very different and xeric Si- erra de la Vela to the southeast of Guantanamo on the east of the Bahia de Guantanamo. Thus if Gundlach’s type locality restriction of “the mountains near Guantanamo” is understood to refer to the Sierra de la Vela or other of the dry coastal ranges, this locality may be regarded as correct. I have seen no specimens from Guantanamo itself; I suspect that raviceps occurs to the south of that city, on the west side of the Bahia, in the xeric and Opuntia-studded plains which occur close to the city itself. We collected one specimen near Caimanera. To the southeast of Guantanamo, between the city and the U. S. Naval Base, no raviceps were collected, and in general this area now, at least, appears unsuitable. However, as one approaches the Naval Base, the typical xeric features of the flora and landscape appear, and the species should oc- cur there, as it does in the Sierra de la Vela. The population of L. raviceps between the Bahia de Santiago and the Bahia de Guantanamo differs in coloration, pattern, and certain features of scutellation from that to the east; for this western population I propose the name, in honor of Thomas 70 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington M. Uzzell, Jr., who collected the first fresh specimens of L. raviceps which I had seen, as: Leiocephalus raviceps uzzelli, new subspecies Type: American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) 79321, from 18.2 kilometers east of Siboney, Oriente Province, Cuba, taken 25 July 1959; one of a series obtained by Ronald F. Klinikowski, Albert Schwartz, and Barton L. Smith. Original number 7867. See Fig. 1. Paratypes: AMNH 79310-20, 79322—35, same data as type. © Specimens examined and not designated as paratypes: AMNH 79336— 40, 26.6 km E Siboney; AMNH 79341-45, Laguna de Baconao, 21.8 mi E Siboney; AMNH 79346, 2 mi N Caimanera. Distribution: The southern Oriente coast from the Bahia de Santiago to the Bahia de Guantanamo. Diagnosis: A subspecies of L. raviceps characterized by dark tan colora- tion with sharply differentiated darker brown lateral fields, relatively prominent dark brown to black dorsal dashes or paired blotches, usually well defined postorbital blotch and more often incomplete than complete supraorbital semicircles. Description of type: An adult male, with the following measurements (in millimeters ): snout—vent length 65; tail 96, complete; snout to anterior border of tympanic opening 13.7; head width 11.4; supraocular scales 7/7; loreals 3; temporals 9; enlarged auricular scales 4/4; median head scales 4; prefrontal row complete 3 scales; frontoparietal row complete 5 scales; parietals in contact; semicircles incomplete; dorsal crest scales occiput to vent 65; dorsal crest scales occiput to axilla 27; scales around half body at midbody 33; fourth toe subdigital tricarinate scales 25/26. Coloration: The dorsal coloration in life is yellowish tan. There is a darker brown lateral field, which in life contained scattered yellow and red scales, extending from the eye to the groin. The dorsal surface of the head is likewise yellowish tan with some of the scales, especially the inner margins of the semicircles, outlined by black. The dorsum between the lateral fields shows a median zone which is set off laterally by a longi- tudinal paler zone. Ventral to the lateral field there is a longitudinal pale whitish band which extends from above the tympanic opening to the groin; this line is outlined below by a faintly gray longitudinal band, which merges gradually into the pale gray venter. The dorsal crest scales are not set off by their coloration from the remainder of the median dorsal tan band. The median zone includes a series of about 13 more or less triangular dark brown blotches, their apices pointed posteromedially; the anterior blotches are darker and more rectangular than the posterior ones. There are a few short, dark longitudinal dashes between the blotches. The next adjacent longitudinal zones, which have a paler ground color, are marked with scattered longitudinal dashes, involving two to three scales. The lateral fields are marked with diagonal dark dashes, which are prom- inent on the sides and somewhat fainter on the neck; these dashes con- tinue more ventrally between the limbs to midway between the limb in- Variation In the Cuban Lizard LL Fic. 1-3 sertions. Scattered light scales in and below the lateral fields were yellow in life; these light scales continue onto the abdomen as a series of trans- verse rows of white dots against the pale gray of the abdomen. The dorsal surfaces of the limbs are tan; the hindlimbs have a combination of short 72 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington brown dashes and scattered cream colored scales on their dorsal surfaces, and these markings continue onto the dorsal surface of the foot. The post- orbital blotch is represented by a slightly gray area on the cheek, with a few brownish scales intermingled with the gray. The upper labials are suffused with tan; the lower labials have deeper tan pigment along the infralabial sutures, giving the lower lip a somewhat mottled appearance. Three white bands radiate ventrally from the eye, the posterior two sep- arated by a vertical black bar which extends ventrally from the middle of the eye. The entire ventral surface is pale gray, and the throat is im- maculate. The underside of the hindlimbs and the posterior third of the abdomen have scattered brown dots; these dots extend as well onto the basal portion and sides of the tail. In addition, cream colored scales occur on the underside of the hindlimbs and tail. Thus these members are pale gray with scattered brown spots, and more abundant cream colored spots. Variation: In snout—vent length, 21 adult male L. r. uzzelli average 63.2 mm (55-71); 9 adult females average 48.1 (45-53). Dorsal crest scales (combined data for both sexes) in occiput—vent length average 63.4 (56-69), and dorsal crest scales in occiput-axilla average 26.0 (23- 31). One half scales at midbody average 32.4 (29-36), loreals 3.3 (2-5); temporals, 11.0 (8-13), subdigital fourth toe tricarinate scales 24.3 (22— 28). The parietals are always in contact, and the supraorbital semicircles are more often incomplete (53%) than not. The supraoculars are most often 7/7 (68%), with 6/6 occurring as the next most frequent (13%) category. Variation in this character includes in addition counts of 5/5 (3%), 5/6 (6%), 6/7 (6%), and 7/8 (3%). If all counts which in- clude at least 7 supraoculars (at least unilaterally) are combined, 77% of the population is differentiated from the 23% which have counts ranging from 5/5 to 6/6. Since there is a certain amount of sexual dimorphism in pattern, the two sexes will be discussed separately. Males can be distinguished from females in that the former have two pairs of enlarged postanal scales. All males are relatively darkly pigmented in life, with a conspicuous lateral field as compared with the paler r. raviceps. Some males demonstrate a yellowish suffusion of the head scales in life, but in general this has dis- appeared in preservative; the more common condition in uzzelli is the unicolored tan head scales. The dorsal pattern is like that described for the type in most cases—a series of paired dark rectangular or triangular blotches in the median tan zone. Some specimens lack these blotches and have them supplanted by a uniform series of longitudinal dashes or even dark dots; any combination of these patterns may occur on the same individual. The lateral fields are always dark and prominent with bold black diagonal dashes. The postorbital blotch varies in intensity, but the type is unusual in the faint pigmentation of the postorbital area; usually the cheek is covered by a heavy black blotch, or there is at least some black pigment in this area, and the “blotch” may appear as a hollow or open- ended rectangle, brown to tan centrally; the blotch is, even at its most reduced, usually better defined and more prominent than it is in r. ravi- Variation In the Cuban Lizard Tr A Sh lO Fic. 4-10 ceps. Unregenerated tails have a pattern of about 17 dorsal chevrons, their apices pointed posteriorly; the ground color of the tail is faintly pink- ish in life, and this serves to distinguish these lizards in the field. The throat usually is immaculate, varying in color from white to very pale lavender to gray, with occasional clear cream colored scales scattered on its margins. Some males show a few gray lines or dots on the throat; this gray pigmentation occurs in juveniles more regularly than adults, but it appears not to be strictly ontogenetic in nature. The undersides of the hindlimbs, posterior abdomen, and basal portion of the tail are dotted with dark brown as are these members in the type. The females present the same dark appearance as the males, but are 74 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington more distinctly lined longitudinally (cf. Schwartz, op. cit., sexual di- morphism in L. cubensis and L. stictigaster). The female pattern is an intensification of that described for the males—the paired dorsal blotches (only one female shows any additional dorsal pigmentation in the form of dark dashes in the median zone). The sides have the diagonal dark dashes which may be somewhat inconspicuous due to the dark coloration of the lateral fields. The hindlimbs have dorsal dark dashes, but these may be obscure. The postorbital blotch is usually demonstrated by a slightly darker brown area on the cheek. The females, in contrast to the males, almost always have dark gray dots, often aligned into longitudinal rows, on the throat, and usually lack any dark dots on the underside of the hindlimbs, although the belly usually has brown dots on its posterior third. Both sexes have the pale facial markings described for the type, but they are more clearly expressed in the females than the males. Usually there are but two, rather than three, light subocular areas, the anteriormost being obscured by the deposition of tan pigment, and the posterior two being separated by a definite vertical black bar. The juvenile males re- semble the females in pattern and pigmentation very closely. All specimens but six have four median head scales (see Fig. 4); five specimens have five median head scales (see Fig. 5) and one has six (see Fig. 6). This condition of five and six, rather than four, scales is caused either by the unequal transverse division of one of a pair of scutes or by the unequal division of both members of a pair. Comparisons: L. r. uzzelli differs from its relative, L. r. raviceps, to the east in both coloration and scalation, as follows: Although both races are tan dorsally, uzzelli is by far the darker of the two; raviceps has a distinctly faded or “washed out” appearance (see Fig. 2), whereas uzzelli is darker. Male uzzelli have the lateral fields very dark, and the dorsum is marked either with dark brown or black dashes, often organized into two series of paired black or brown blotches on either side of the dorsal midline. This feature seems to be a retention into the adult of the juvenile (and female) blotched pattern. Even if the dorsal pattern is composed of dashes, there are at least two pairs of blotches in the nuchal area, and thus at times the subspecies uzzelli may superficially resemble L. m. macropus. The postorbital blotch is usually demonstrated, in contrast to the condi- tion in raviceps, and when best expressed, is black and outlined anteriorly by a light line extending ventrally from the eye onto the posterior supra- labials, and extends posteriorly to the tympanic opening. Ventrally, males of the two subspecies are much alike, except that uzzelli males often have a few gray lines or dots on the throat, and the undersurface of the hind- limbs, basal portion of the tail and posterior abdomen are much more heavily and profusely marked with dark brown dots. In contrast to the dull face and labial markings of raviceps, uzzelli has distinct facial mark- ings of dark brown or black consisting of three lines (one just below the canthus rostralis, another from the anterior comer of the eye, and the third from the posterior half of the eye) which encloses three light areas and extend onto the supralabials. The infralabials are regularly mottled white Variation In the Cuban Lizard 75 and dark brown to tan. Female uzzelli resemble female raviceps except that the latter females are much paler and appear faded, and lack the female uzzelli face pattern of a single vertical black line through the cen- ter of the eye. The gray throat markings of female uzzelli are more pro- nounced and darker than those of raviceps, and one female demonstrates brown dots on the underside of the hindlimbs. As noted above, the two races differ in general coloration, raviceps being more distinctly yellowish-tan than uzzelli. The yellowish suffusion on the head of raviceps is not shown so distinctly in uzzelli, although oc- casional specimens do show it. L. r. uzzelli shows yellow or red dots (lat- eral scales) on the sides and in the area of the shoulder, and apparently lacks the green lateral scales of raviceps. Males of the two subspecies do not differ in snout—vent length; 23 adult male raviceps average 66.5 mm (61-71). Eleven adult females average 54.5 (52-57); it is possible that the females of uzzelli are consistently smaller than those of raviceps, but there are too few uzzelli females avail- able to be certain. At present the females of the two races can almost be separated by size alone (largest female uzzelli 53 mm, smallest female raviceps 52 mm). Means and extremes of scale characters of raviceps are: dorsal crest scales in occiput—vent length 64.2 (55-74); dorsal crest scales in occiput—axilla length 27.5 (22-32); one half scales at midbody 32.3 (27-36); loreals 3.6 (2-5); temporals 11.6 (9-15). None of these counts are significantly different from those of uzzelli. However, tricari- nate subdigital fourth toe scales 25.5 (21-30) in raviceps; inspection of Fig. 11 indicates that this count is significantly higher than that of uzzelli. Both races usually have four median head scales; only one r. raviceps ex- amined had five median head scales. Both races usually have 7/7 supra- oculars; 71% of r. raviceps have 7 or 8 supraoculars at least unilaterally. Parietal contact occurs in 95% of the r. raviceps; the semicircles are com- plete in 81% of the lizards. This is in contrast to uzzelli, in which 47% of the specimens have complete semicircles; the difference is significant. Remarks: The south Oriente coast lies in the rain shadow of the Sierra Maestran system; specifically, between the Bahia de Santiago and the Bahia de Guantdnamo, the range involved (which is considered as part of the Sierra Maestra by Marrero, 1951: 584) is the Cordillera de la Gran Piedra. North and east of the Guantanamo Basin are the Sierra del Guaso, the Sierra de Maquey and the Sierra de la Vela. The extensive Sierra de Purial (Las Cuchillas) limits the very narrow coastal area from east of Guantanamo to Cabo Maisi. Marrero (op. cit.: 658) described the coast from Guantanamo to Cabo Maisi in the following accurate terms: “The southern coast of Oriente, from Guantanamo eastward, is in reality a des- ert, with infrequent rains during the entire year and a xerophytic vegeta- tion, in which cacti predominate, interrupted only by the gallery vege- tation at the base of palms, together with the rare rivers which descend to the ocean.” Later, Marrero (p. 659) mentioned the botanist Victorin’s appellation for part of this region as the “inferno of Maisi”; such descrip- tions are verbally adequate to describe the intense heat, sandy and rocky 76 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington soils, and xerophytic plants which characterize this coastal strip. The coast from Santiago to Guantanamo, while nonetheless hot and xeric, is less so than the Guantanamo area, and supports occasional stands of de- ciduous trees, mangroves, and palms, along with some low herbaceous cover. L. raviceps is widespread between Guantanamo and Cabo Maisi, but appears to be less so and more restricted to the niche of sandy soil and Opuntia between Santiago and Guantanamo. However, in this latter re- gion, it has been found sparingly in other habitats, which are invariably dry. For example, at Laguna de Baconao, we took both r. uzzelli and m. macropus in close proximity to one another, at the edge of the man- grove border of the lake. However, macropus occurred within the shady forest on mud and moist ground, whereas uzzelli shunned this cooler habitat in preference to the dry and extremely hot hillsides. Although the single specimen of L. raviceps from Baracoa (MBZH 136) is the only individual from the north coast of Oriente, and is separated from the south coast r. raviceps population by the Sierra de Purial, this lizard does not differ in any way from the southem coastal specimens of r. raviceps. It has the herringbone dorsal pattern which occurs in south coast 7. raviceps and not in uzzelli. Although we collected Leiocephalus in the Baracoa area, no raviceps were taken. The series of lizards from the Sierra de Purial (AMNH 83791-806, from 4.6 mi N Cajobabo) shows that in extreme eastern Cuba the distribution of this lizard may not be completely coastal. Under proper conditions it may invade non-coastal montane areas, provided that the soil and moisture conditions are suit- able. At this Cajobabo locality, the lizards were taken along the Cajo- babo—Baracoa road in a dry and sunny road cut, as they ran about on the broken shale fragments where there was little or no plant cover. Such relatively isolated populations between the south coast and Baracoa may well maintain genetic continuity between the populations of the two coasts. On the other hand, r. raviceps may continue to Baracoa via a more or less continuous population from the south coast around Cabo Maisi and thence to Baracoa. The absence of L. raviceps west of the Bahia de Santiago is puzzling; as noted previously, the only record for the species in this area is at La Socapa, which is on the west side of the bay itself. The common Leio- cephalus on the coast south of the Sierra Maestra is L. macropus; there are no obvious differences in the vegetation or substrate of this coastal strip as compared to that of the Santiago—Guantanamo strip except the absence of the sand-Opuntia niche. It is possible that raviceps and mac- ropus are competitors, and that the former has been unable to become established to the west of Santiago; another possibility is that the western coast is too moist for this species and the apparent absence of sandy soils and Opuntia is a limiting factor. The completely unexpected occurrence of L. raviceps in Matanzas Province is indeed surprising. The series of 22 lizards from two localities near Varadero is very different in several features from L. raviceps in Variation In the Cuban Lizard TL Oriente, and accordingly, in honor of Ronald F. Klinikowski, the dis- coverer of this western population, I propose the name: Leiocephalus raviceps klinikowskii, new subspecies Type: AMNH 83326, adult male, from 4.5 kilometers southwest of Varadero, Mantanzas Province, Cuba, taken 8 September 1959, one of a series collected by Ronald F. Klinikowski, Albert Schwartz, and Barton L. Smith. Original No. 8528. See Fig. 3. Paratypes: AMNH 8332746, same data as type; AMNH 83347, 5.5 kilometers southwest of Varadero, Mantanzas, 8 September 1959, R. F. Klinikowski. Distribution: Known only from the coast southwest of Varadero in Matanzas Province, Cuba. Diagnosis: A subspecies of L. raviceps characterized by very pale yel- lowish tan dorsal coloration, lateral fields very inconspicuous and hardly differentiated from ground color, dorsum with prominent black dorsal dashes, poorly defined postorbital spot, usually 5 or 6 median head scales and 6/6 supraoculars, and high number of dorsal crest scales and scales around midbody. Description of type: An adult male, with the following measurements in mm and counts: snout—vent length 69; tail 74, distal one third regen- erated; snout to anterior border of tympanic opening 14.4; head width 11.8; supraocular scales 6/6; loreals 5; temporals 16; enlarged auricular scales 4/4; median head scales 6; prefrontal row complete 3 scales; fronto- parietal row complete 5 scales; parietals in contact; semicircles complete; ; dorsal crest scales occiput to vent 62; dorsal crest scales occiput to axilla ; 27; scales around one half body at midbody 35; fourth toe subdigital tri- carinate scales 24/26. Coloration: The dorsal coloration in life is pale yellowish-tan, almost sand colored, with the dorsal crest scales immaculate pale yellow. There is little evidence of longitudinal zonation and the lateral fields are not appreciably darker than the dorsum itself, nor are they separated from the ventral gray coloration by an additional band of tan; the effect lat- erally is a gradual blending of the dorsal yellowish-tan coloration into the gray of the abdomen. The dorsal surface of the head is yellowish-tan with black pigment stippled over the head scutes, especially the prefrontals, posterior supraoculars, and the parietals and interparietal. The entire dorsum and lateral field area is marked with short black longitudinally aligned dashes (see Fig. 3), which become obscure on the neck and form two very faint pairs of nuchal blotches which are barely discernible. Cream colored isolated scales on the sides extend onto the abdomen in a series of five parallel rows, with additional cream scales on the abdomen anterior to the hindlimbs. Some of the tan scales in the lateral field area were orange basally in life. The forelimbs are mottled tan dorsally and the fingers are immaculate pale tan, giving the lizard a distinctly pale fingered appearance. The hindlimbs show short black longitudinal dashes on all sections, but they are arranged as spots on the foot itself; there are 78 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington additional light scales on the dorsal surface of the hindlimbs. The post- orbital blotch is represented by a vertical black bar behind the eye, and a darker irregular blotch posterior to this bar; the cheek itself is tan. Three gray lines radiate from the eye, one below the canthus rostralis, another from the anterior corner of the eye, and a third from the center of the eye; these extend to the supralabials, and are continued on the infralabial sutures. The entire ventral surface is gray, with a darker gray suffused area across the chin, another on the throat, and a few scattered cream scales on the throat. The undersurface of the hindlimbs is almost white, again with a few light tan dots scattered over the shank; darker dots oc- cur on the posterior abdomen and on the underside of the tail. The un- regenerated portion of the tail shows about six dull gray chevrons with the apices directed posteriorly; the ground color of the tail is dull reddish- tan in life. Variation: In snout—vent length, four adult male L. r. klinikowskii aver- age 58.5 mm (53-69); eight adult females average 51.9 mm (46-59). Dorsal crest scales (combined data for both sexes) in occiput—vent length average 66.2 (61-71), and dorsal crest scales in occiput—axilla length average 27.0 (24-29). One half scales at midbody average 35.3 (32-39), loreals 4.2 (4-5), temporals 13.9 (11-16), subdigital fourth toe tricari- nate scales 25.9 (21-27). The parietals are more often (86%) in con- tact than not, and the supraorbital semicircles are always complete. Of the three paratypic males, one resembles the type in dorsal pattern; the remaining two individuals have the dorsal zonation somewhat more apparent, and still retain some remnants of the juvenile male paired blotch pattern. All have pale yellowish-tan dorsa, very pale fingers, immaculate yellow dorsal crest scales, chevrons (about 18) on the complete tails, rather diffuse gray postorbital blotches, black stippling on the head scutes, and dark facial and labial markings. The three paratypic males lack brown dots on the undersurface of the hindlimbs, but show them on the under- side of the base of the tail. One has a completely immaculate throat, and the remaining two have a gray suffusion_and scattered diffuse gray dots. The eight adult females are much as the females of raviceps and uzzelli except that they are much paler; all but one show the paired female blotches and dashes in the lateral fields. The single exception is unusually gray and has dashes in the lateral field area and very pale gray dashes dorsally. All females have black on the head scutes, postorbital blotches absent or if present diffuse and gray, and a contrasting face pattern of gray or black lines. The inter-infralabial sutures are distinctly black, and the throat always has some indication of gray dots or dashes. The under- side of the hindlimbs is usually immaculate white, but a few individuals have indications of very light tan dots. The dark brown belly dots are present and rather extensive. There are 10 juvenile female paratypes ranging in snout—vent lengths from 26 to 44 mm. These show the same pattern as the adult females and differ only in the more definite dark gray chin and throat markings. Nineteen of the 22 specimens of klinikowskii have five or six median Variation In the Cuban Lizard 79 head scales; variation in this feature is shown in Figs. 4 to 10. Only two individuals have four median head scales (Figs. 4 and 7). Fig. 7 shows that, although there are only four head scales in this case, anterior con- tinuation of the incipient median suture would convert this pattern to five median scales. The other lizard with four median head scales differs in no wise from four-head-scaled individuals of raviceps and uzzelli ( Fig. 4). Thus almost 100% of klinikowskii have either 5 or 6 median head scales, at least incipiently. Variation in number of supraoculars is great; 6/6 occurs in the most individuals (12 lizards, 55%), and 6/7 in six lizards (27%). Only two (9%) klinikowskii have 7/7 supraoculars, in contrast to 68% in uzzelli and 44% in raviceps. Other counts in klinikowskii are 6/8 and 7/8 (one individual each). Counts of more than 6/6 arise in the following three ways: (1) a supraocular, usually the sixth, is divided longitudinally so that two scales occupy the area of one scale; (2) the sixth is replaced by two scales transversely, thus giving the usual 7 supraoculars of raviceps and uzzelli; (3) a small supraocular is added anteriorly from fusion or enlarge- ment of one of the semicircle scales. The occurrence of six supraoculars at least unilaterally is shown in all but one specimen (which has 7/8) of klinikowskii. Comparisons: L. r. klinikowskii differs from both raviceps and uzzelli in its very pale coloration, light to no ventral spotting on the hindlimbs, usually very inconspicuous lateral fields, relatively faint postorbital blotch, pale fingers, and immaculate yellow dorsal crest scales. In scalation, the Matanzas race differs in usually 6/6 supraoculars, although a relatively high percentage (32% ) of raviceps has this number of supraocular scales. From uzzelli, klinikowskii differs in having the semicircles always com- plete, whereas the former has the semicircles more often incomplete. In- spection of Fig. 11 shows that klinikowskii differs significantly from uzzelli in number of dorsal crest scales in occiput—vent length, from raviceps and uzzelli in number of one half midbody scales, and from uzzelli in number of fourth toe scales. In size, klinikowskii males average smaller than males of both the other races; this is probably an artifact of the small size of the sample of male klinikowskii. Female klinikowskii reach a larger size than females of the other races, although the average of the series is intermediate between that of raviceps and uzzelli. It is especially interesting that, despite the apparent great hiatus between the known range of klinikowskii and uzzelli, the scale differences between these two races are not more striking. Remarks: The habitat of L. r. klinikowskii is apparently the sandy beaches of Punta de Hicacos. It is probable that the race has a wider distribution than presently known; since much of the beach area of the Varadero area is now converted to recreational use, collecting must be carried on at less populated areas. The type locality is a stretch of open beach, with almost no herbaceous cover except Ipomea and scattered tufts of grass, separated from the Matanzas—Varadero highway (Via Blanca) by a stand of introduced Casuarina. The single lizard from 5.5 kilometers Spee 2-2 ee eee bi Sd30IAVY we ate ge 8 11143ZZN See ee ee oS WASMOXINIINY S3IV9OS 3O0L HLYNOS WP SE ES SE SS SS Se ee eee se Sd3DIAVY ee rag oar ee rae 1193ZZN ik ee is a IIMS MOXININY S3AIV9OS AGOGGIW Z/I bS bl ol Ol 89 99 v9 c9 09 8S 9S Ey mane es ee ee ee ee Sd3OIAVY Se a ee ee re IN13ZZN = eee IIMSMOXINITH S31V9S 1S3Yo WWSYOd Variation In the Cuban Lizard 81 southwest of Varadero was taken on sandy soil in rather dense grassy cover. The lizards were all captured by hand; this was a relatively simple task since there was such little cover. They sought refuge in land-crab burrows, and when especially hard pressed, would bury themselves in the sand much in the same manner of Uma and would quickly disappear from view. I suspect that other populations of L. raviceps remain to be discovered. Sandy areas on the north coast from Matanzas to northern Oriente may well harbor disjunct populations of this lizard. The only other comparable area which I have visited on the north coast is Playa Santa Lucia in east- ern Camagiiey; no raviceps were collected there. However, it is interest- ing that the type locality of L. r. klinikowskii was visited in the summer of 1958, and these lizards were not observed at this or any other collecting locality along the Punta de Hicacos’ north coast. Visits in 1958 and 1959 to a locality 13 kilometers northeast of Matanzas did not yield specimens of L. raviceps, and I doubt that the species occurs in this immediate re- gion; here there is no beach as such, the shore having a formation of diente de perro limestone with sandy dunes behind the limestone, covered with dense herbaceous and woody vegetation which is apparently unsuitable for L. r. klinikowskii. LITERATURE CITED Alayo Dalmau, Pastor. 1951. Especies herpetologicas halladas en San- tiago de Cuba. Bol. Hist. Nat. Soc. Felipe Poey, 2(7): 106— 110. 1955. Lista de los reptiles de Cuba. Museo Charles T. Ramsden, Santiago de Cuba, pp. 1-29, 7 pls. Barbour, Thomas. 1914. A contribution to the zoogeography of the West Indies, with especial reference to amphibians and rep- tiles. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 44(2): 209-359, 1 pl. and Charles T. Ramsden. 1919. The herpetology of Cuba. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 47(2): 71-213, 15 pls. Cochran, Doris M. 1934. Herpetological collections from the West Indies made by Dr. Paul Bartsch under the Walter Rathbone Bacon Scholarship, 1928-30. Smith. Misc. Coll., 92(7): 1-48. Cope, E. D. 1862. Contributions to neotropical saurology. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, pp. 176-188. Gundlach, Juan. 1875. Catalogo de los reptiles cubanos. Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., 4: 347-368. 1880. Contribucién a la erpetologia cubana. G. Montiel y Cia., La Habana, pp. 1-98. Marrero, Levi. 1951. Geografia de Cuba. Alfa, La Habana, pp. i-xvi, 1-736, 478 figs. Schwartz, Albert. 1959. Variation in lizards of the Leiocephalus cu- bensis complex in Cuba and Isla de Pinos. Bull. Fla. State Mus., 4(4): 97-143, 10 figs. 82 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Stejneger, Leonhard. 1917. Cuban amphibians and reptiles collected for the United States National Museum from 1899 to 1902. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 53: 259-291, 128 figs. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Fig. 1—Leiocephalus r. uzzelli, new subspecies, dorsal view of type (AMNH 79321). Fig. 2.—Leiocephalus r. raviceps, dorsal view (AMNH 79350). Fig. 3.—Leiocephalus r. klinikowskii, new subspecies, dorsal view of type (AMNH 83326). Figs. 4 to 10.—Dorsal view of median head scales of L. raviceps show- ing variation in number from four to six scales; figures from specimens as follows: 4. AMNH 79314; 5. AMNH 83327; 6. AMNH 79310; 7. AMNH 83328; 8. AMNH 83331; 9. AMNH 83333; 10. AMNH 83326. Fig. 11.—Counts of dorsal crest scales in occiput—vent length, scales around one half of body at midbody, and subdigital tricarinate scales on fourth toe in three Cuban subspecies of Leiocephalus raviceps. Horizontal line indicates range of variation in sample; vertical line, the mean; hollow rectangles indicate two standard errors on each side of the mean. If rec- tangles on two sets of data do not overlap, a statistically significant differ- ence between the means is suggested. Sizes of individual samples are given to the left of each line. Higher number of individual counts in fourth toe scales is due to counting the number of subdigital scales on the fourth toe of both the right and left foot. 0672 Vol. 73, pp. 83-86 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF BAT OF THE GENUS ANTROZOUS FROM CUBA By Rosert T, Orr AND GILBERTO SiLvA TABOADA California Academy of Sciences and Speleological Society of Cuba Until recently the known range of the vespertilionid genus Antrozous has been from southern British Columbia south to Querétaro, México, and from the Pacific coastal states east to Kansas. Within this continental area, in the opinion of pres- ent writers, there is a single species, Antrozous pallidus. In 1957 an American Museum of Natural History expedition discovered a population of bats belonging to the genus Antro- zous on Maria Magdalena Island of the Tres Marias group off the coast of Nayarit, México. Study of specimens secured re- vealed that they represented a distinct new species which was given the name Antrozous dubiaquercus by Van Gelder ( Amer. Mus. Nov., 1973: 1-14, 1959). Meanwhile, the existence of a second insular species of Antro- zous was suspected. While collecting bats with the aid of a mist net north of the mountains of western Cuba in Pinar del Rio Province in the fall of 1956 the junior author and Dr. Karl F. Koopman secured a live individual that, as far as external appearance was concerned, appeared to belong to the genus Antrozous. Unfortunately the bat escaped the night that it was caught but not before the collectors had several hours in which to examine it closely and be certain of its generic identity. It was not until December 2, 1958, that further evidence on the existence of Antrozous in western Cuba was obtained. On this date one of us (Silva) secured a skull of a nyctophiline bat in a cave in Pinar del Rio Province. The skull may have come from a barn owl pellet as there were a number of the latter present in the cave in various stages of decomposition. No 13—Proc. BioL. Soc. WAsuH., VoL. 73, 1960 (83) AMHSONDS iY \ j i } oe ay SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AU! AUG 16 900 > SIBRARY 84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington mandibles were found but the skull itself is in an excellent state of preservation. Only the tympanic bullae and parts of the parietals are missing. The sagittal crest is very well developed and the teeth quite worn, indicating an old adult. On comparing this skull with those of specimens of Antro- zous pallidus from selected localities throughout its range the specific distinctness of the Cuban specimen was at once appar- ent. It seems desirable, therefore, to describe this Cuban spe- cies even though it is presently known only from a skull. Antrozous koopmani, new species’ Type: Skull only, lacking mandibles; No. 11846, Calif. Acad. Sci.; Cueva del Hoyo Garcia, Municipio de San Juan y Martinez, Provincia de Pinar del Rio, Cuba, 2 December 1958; found by Gilberto Silva Taboada. Diagnosis: Size very large compared with that of other members of the genus Antrozous; teeth proportionately small; combined temporal and orbital fossae proportionately large as a result of elongation of the cranium rather than the rostrum. Comparisons and remarks: Five geographic races of Antrozous pallidus are recognized. Some of these are well marked subspecies while others are less clearly defined. Size and color are the principal characters used to distinguish these forms. Measurements of four of these five subspecies (all except A. p. cantwelli) are shown in Table 1. As will be noted great- est body size is attained in the Pacific coastal area west of the Sierra Ne- vada—Cascade axis within the range of the subspecies pacificus. Speci- mens from San Luis Obispo and Kern counties of west-central California exhibit maximum size for the species. Specimens from northwestern Cali- fornia in Mendocino, Napa and Lake counties average smaller. Measure- ments given for pacificus by Van Gelder (op. cit., p. 13) for members of this race from eastern Tulare County in California are even smaller. Antrozous p. cantwelli of the northern Great Basin region is, reportedly, smaller than A. p. pacificus. The same is true of A. p. bunkeri known from Kansas and Oklahoma. The minimum in size is attained by A. p. minor of southern Baja California and A. p. pallidus which occurs in the desert regions of southwestern United States and northern México. In size, therefore, this species follows Bergmann’s Rule in a general way. One of the characters of Antrozous koopmani, however, is its large size. Not only do its measurements greatly exceed those of Antrozous pallidus pallidus but even those of the largest individuals of the Pacific coastal race A. p. pacificus measured by the writers. The shortest distance between the known range of A. pallidus and the tip of western Cuba is approxi- mately nine hundred miles most of which is across the Gulf of México. 1 Named for Dr. Karl F. Koopman who, with the junior author, first discovered the genus Antrozous in Cuba and whose studies have contributed much to our knowledge of bats in the West Indies. A New Species of Bat of the Genus Antrozous 85 TABLE 1.—Cranial measurements, in millimeters, of adult specimens of Antrozous. SPECIES AND LOCALITY | GREATEST |CONDYLOBASAL ZYGOMATIC (Specimens measured ) LENGTH LENGTH BREADTH Antrozous koopmani Cuba (1) 24.3 B17: 14.0 Antrozous pallidus pacificus Northern California (28) 21.6 20.0 13.2 (21.0-22.7) (19.2-20.9) (12.3-13.9) South-central California (43) 22.6 20.9 13.7 (21.9-23.6) (20.0-21.7) (13.1-14.4) Antrozous pallidus bunkeri Barber County, Kansas (4) 21.8 20.0 See (21.5-22.3) (19.7-20.4) (13.4-14.0) Antrozous pallidus pallidus Southern Arizona and New Mexico (12) 19.6 18.1 12S (18.6-20.5) (17.3-19.0) (11.5-13.2) Coahuila and Durango, México (5) 20.0 18.4 123 (19.5-20.4) (17.9-19.2) (12.0-12.6) Antrozous pallidus minor Miraflores, Baja California (2) 20.4 11.9 (20.3-20.5) (18.4-18.5) (11.5-12.3) It is possible that the genus Antrozous may have arrived in Cuba originally from Yucatan. At present these two areas are separated by about one hun- dred and twenty-five miles of water. To the best of our knowledge, how- ever, no bats of the genus Antrozous have been taken on the Yucatan peninsula nor south of a point five hundred and fifty miles north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Acknowledgments: The writers are indebted to Dr. Richard Van Gelder of the American Museum of Natural History for permission to study his manuscript and drawings of Antrozous dubiaquercus prior to publication. For permission to study specimens of the genus Antrozous under their care the writers are indebted to Barbara Lawrence of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the late G. H. H. Tate of the American Museum of Natural History, W. H. Burt of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, D. H. Johnson of the United States National Museum, S. B. Benson of the University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Philip Hershkovitz of the Chicago Museum of Natural History. Specimens examined: A total of 239 from the following localities: Antrozous pallidus pacificus: CALIrFoRNIA—Humboldt County, Hoopa Indian Reservation, 8; Miranda, 1; Mendocino County, near Hearst, 3; Lake County, Mirabel Mine, 19; Napa County, % mi S Angwin, 1600 ft, 86 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 4; Sonoma County, Cloverdale, 3; Marin County, Inverness, 2; San Rafael, 1; Contra Costa County, Pine Canyon, 1; Walnut Creek, 1; Alameda County, Hayward, 1; 7 mi SE Livermore, 1; San Mateo County, Belmont, 3; Santa Clara County, Stanford University, 41; Bell Station, 1; Gilroy, 1; San Joaquin County, Farmington, 3; Tuolumne County, Long Bam, 1; San Luis Obispo County, 44%4 mi NE Shandon, 44; Shandon, 5; 9 mi W Simmler, 1; Kern County, 24% mi NW Carneros Spring, 21; Carneros Spring, 2; Wheeler Ridge, 600 ft, 2; Lebec, 5; Ft. Tejon, 3; Los Angeles County, 1 mi S Lankershim, 2; Pasadena, 1; Sierra Madre, 5. Total 186. Antrozous pallidus pallidus: CaLiroRN1isa—Inyo County, Coso Moun- tains, 2; ARIZONA—Yavapai County, Camp Verde, 19; Gila County, White Mountains, 1; Gila Mountains, Tinajas Altas, 4; Pima County, Santa Cata- lina Mountains, 1; Santa Cruz County, 7 mi N Patagonia, 4700 ft, 4; Utan—AMillard County, Desert Range Experimental Station, 1; NEw Mexico—Bernalillo County, Carasal, 1; Dona Ana County, Las Cruces, 3800 ft, 3; Texas—Brewster County, Chisos Mountains, Kibee Springs, 5700 ft, 1; México, Coanur_a—San Pedro, 1; Jaral, 1; Los Delicias, 2; Duranco—10 mi S Lerdo, 4500 ft, 2. Total 43. Antrozous pallidus minor: MExi1co, Baya CaLirorNts—NMiraflores, 2. Total 2. Antrozous pallidus bunkeri: KaNnsas—Barber County, 54% mi S Sun City, 5; 7 mi S Sun City, 2. Total 7. Antrozous koopmani: CuBA, PROVINCIA DE PINAR DEL Rio—Municipio de San Juan y Martinez, Cueva del Hoyo Garcia, 1. 0673 Vol. 73, pp. 87-94 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ON THE IDENTITY OF STENOPHILUS GRENADAE (CHAMBERLIN) WITH A KEY TO THE KNOWN NORTH AMERICAN CONGENERS (CHILOPODA: GEOPHILOMORPHA: HIMANTARIIDAE) By R. E. Crasixt, Jr. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. In presenting a first synonymical list of the known American Himantariidae I was unable confidently to refer several ques- tionable species even provisionally to a genus (1959b:157). The types were apparently unavailable, and the original de- scriptions failed to present sufficient information. The identity of one of these species, Haplophilus grenadae Chamberlin, 1912, (Note A), unexpectedly has been clarified, first through discovery of the holotype, secondly through the recent collec- tion of a second specimen. The type was eventually located in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, and the second known specimen was found among an unidentified assortment of Arkansan Chilopoda re- cently received at the National Museum. I wish to express my gratitude to Drs. Darlington, Levi, and Brown of Harvard for their kindness in permitting me to study typical material in their charge, and to extend my thanks to Nell B. Causey of Fayetteville, Arkansas, for her generous donation of the Ar- kansan specimens. If we distinguish generically between the European and North African forms now referred to Stigmatogaster, and the American forms which Chamberlin has placed in his Stenophilus, then, proceeding on the basis of the fragmentary evidence at hand, we are drawn to the conclusion that grenadae evidently appears to belong to Stenophilus. It would be diffi- cult to discount as unreasonable the possibility that in Stigmatogaster (sensu lato) we are dealing with a single, very widely distributed, in- ternally labile, and monophyletic assemblage. Conceivably, future studies could reveal Stigmatogaster to be like Geophilus, widespread and com- 14 . Brot. Soc. WAsH., Vou. 73, 1960 (87) —. \7 HsOa =~ AUG 1¢ ‘S69 S/8 RARY Y INSTITUTION. Al 88 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington prised of numerous species between which, or between groups of which, there are pronounced gaps in many cases. But no one is in a position to approach a confident resolution of these problems yet; hence the more conservative and provisionally the best course seems to be to follow Cham- berlin in separating the Old from the New World species generically on existing criteria. Indeed, it may well be that this is actually the correct solution, although the evidence now confronting us surely seems inade- quate to permit a definite decision pro or con. Chamberlin (1953: 37) says: “Stenophilus as far as now known differs from the European genera mentioned in lacking conspicuously sclerotic or chitinous lines on the prosternum and in lacking all paratergites [my italics].” Both in Meinertophilus and Stigmatogaster nearly all species have pronounced prosternal sclerotic lines, and although major parater- gites are totally lacking in both genera, intercalary paratergites are pres- ent and variously developed in both. (Note B.) We must assume, then, that when Chamberlin reports the Stenophilus species to lack “all parater- gites,” he means they lack both major and developed intercalary parater- gites. This alone, so far as I can learn from the literature, appears to be the chief key character that will distinguish Stenophilus from Stigmato- gaster and Meinertophilus. The prosternal character is probably of sec- ondary significance. On the basis of the information given in Chamberlin’s writings, the following characters in combination should characterize only Stenophilus as it is now known: 1) prosternal sclerotic lines absent; 2) major and intercalary paratergites absent; 3) ventral porefields (a) absent, or (b) present only on anterior sternites, or (c) present on all or nearly all pedal sternites; 4) parasternital pits present at least in some species (colora- danus and grenadae ). The following key to species is based almost wholly upon Chamberlin’s published data, which in turn are drawn only from the typical specimens. It is therefore admittedly preliminary and prob- ably unsatisfactory; nonetheless, it is presented in the hope that it may assist in the recognition of some or all of the species of Stenophilus now known from North America. North American Species of Stenophilus la, Ventral porefields' absent i200 2 b.., . Ventwalporetields: present), 2c cco ee 3 2a. Labral teeth large, broad, about 13 in number; occupying about a third of each labral side (see 1946, p. 37, Fig. 3). Female holo- type with 77 pairs of legs, 38 mm long. (Colorado) coloradanus Chamberlin (1946: 35) b. Labral teeth smaller and more pointed, about 8 in number; oc- cupying about half of each labral side (see 1930, p. 298, Fig. 2). Male holotype with 97 pairs of legs, 90 mm long. (California ) californicus (Chamberlin) (1930: 298 ) 3a. Ventral porefields present only on anterior half of body. (Ore- [10521 | Re ORLA OME U ee AAW Ma rothi Chamberlin (1953: 38) Identity of Stenophilus Grenadae (Chamberlin) 89 b. Ventral porefields present on sternites of anterior as well as of Ge RU ESEVEY GL GNo?s [fo aieealeers i es 0s SA 4 4a. The flexed prehensors nearly reaching level of front of head. Tergites not bisulcate. Anterior spiracles vertically narrowly elliptical. Ultimate leg distotarsus about as long as the proximo- farses (Toaho) audacior (Chamberlin) (1909: 177) b. The flexed prehensors falling far short of level of front of head, reaching as far forward as level of labrum. Tergites distinctly bisuleate. Anterior spiracles circular. Ultimate leg distotarsus conspicuously longer than the proximotarsus. (Mississippi, Ar- iS) 2 ie es grenadae (Chamberlin) (1912: 435) The following description is based upon the Arkansas specimen, which, when compared directly with the holotype, was found to agree minutely with it in all significant particulars. The second specimen, rather than the holotype, is described in considerable detail here because the con- dition of the latter is sufficiently poor as to obscure many microscopic details that may prove to be meaningful in the future. The original de- scription of 1912 is accompanied by four figures to which the reader’s attention is directed. Fig. 11 depicts the peculiarly long ultimate distotarsus well, although it fails to show the ultimate presternite which covers the antero-lateral corners of the sternite proper. Neither does it show the biarticulate fe- male gonopods nor the penultimate sternite’s porefield. Fig. 13 is a good representation of the head and antennae, but note that the antennae appear to be quite attenuate distally when contracted. In the Arkansan specimen, on the other hand they appear less attenuate, indeed nearly non- attenuate, owing to the fact that their articles are extended. Fig. 10 shows very clearly how short and robust the prehensors are; note that they reach the level of the labrum. The same figure, however, is misleading in that it suggests the right subcondylic sclerotic line to be present; these lines are present neither in the holotype nor in the Arkansan specimen. These figures are augmented by those I have prepared of the clypeus, labrum, maxillae, mandible, and prehensor. Stenophilus grenadae (Chamberlin) Haplophilus grenadae Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 54(13): 435, (1912). [Grenada, Mississippi. ] Stigmatogaster grenadae (Chamberlin),—Attems, Das Tierreich, Lief. 52: 42, (1929). [Note lapsus calami, “Grenada, Misiones.” ] Haplophilus grenadae Chamberlin,—Crabill, Ent. News, 70(6): 157, (1959). [Incertae sedis. ] Female: Arkansas: Pulaski County, Little Rock. April, 1953. B. Johnson, leg. Transmitted by N. B. Causey. In U. S. National Museum collection of Chilopoda. Introductory: Length 20 mm. Pedal segments, 65. Color: brownish- yellow throughout; head and antennae lighter, rear third of body some- 90 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 3 what darker. Body shape: slender; slightly attenuate anteriorly, more strongly attenuate posteriorly. Setae in general are short and sparse. Antennae (extended in Hoyer’s mountant): Length 0.9 mm, head length to antennal length = 1 : 2.3. The two opposing basal articles not contiguous. Each antenna basally very slightly flattened dorso-ventrally; the whole antenna slightly attenuate distally. Articles 1-13 each much wider than long, article 14 is conical and longer than preceding two art- icles taken together. Ventral vestiture: articles 1-7 very sparsely to mod- erately sparsely setose; articles 8-14 moderately densely to densely setose. Special sensilla: ultimate article with an outer and an inner elongate patch of short, broad and hyaline, modified setae. Cephalic plate: Greatest length 0.39 mm, greatest width 0.47 mm, hence much wider than long. Anteriorly rostrate; sides evenly excurved; rear margin straight and slightly overlapping anterior margin of basal plate (prebasal plate thus concealed). Frontal suture absent; no other sulci detected. Clypeus (Fig. 1): Paraclypeal sutures complete but poorly defined. Identity of Stenophilus Grenadae (Chamberlin) 91 Without clypeal areas; with a very weak plagula just anterior to each labral sidepiece. Setae: extreme anterior margin of clypeus with a line of some 5 setae on each side; midclypeal setae, left 2, right 1; posterior geminate (prelabral) setae absent. Bucca: each with 2 antero-ventral setae; transbuccal suture on each bucca very weakly indicated; anterior inner margin strongly sclerotized. Labrum (Fig. 1): Completely separated from the clypeus by a nar- row suture. Completely divided centrally into right and left halves, the whole labrum deeply embayed across its central portion. Each labral half with distinct teeth, 4 or 5 on each half. First maxillae (Fig. 2): Coxosternum nearly divided in two by a deep central cleft, the coxosternum virtually concealed by the second maxillary coxosternum. Telopodite not perceptibly bipartite. Coxosternal lappets absent; telopodite lappets short, pointed, non-squamulate. Second maxillae (Fig. 2): Coxosternum antero-medially deeply di- astemate, the diastema continuous with a shallow midlongitudinal sulcus. Postmaxillary sclerites atypical, each apparently represented by a minute, vague, bar-like extension of the maxillary postero-lateral corner. Telopo- dite: lst article basally bicondylic and very wide; terminal claw very long, distally slightly bent, its under (posterior) surface slightly excavate, its edges smooth, not pectinate, basal bristles (spines) not detected.* Mandible: Axes of dentate lamella and of adjacent pectinate lamellae nearly parallel. Dentate lamella with some 6 strongly sclerotized and 2 nearly hyaline teeth. With 3 pectinate lamellae, these followed by what appears to be a row of simple teeth (incipient pectinate lamellae?, arti- facts? ). Prosternum: Without subcondylic sclerotic lines (chitin lines of au- thors) passing toward or connecting with condyles. Prehensors: When flexed, attaining level of labrum, falling far short of front of head. Basal article very broad; intermediate articles greatly reduced in size. No denticles detected. Ungula very long and robust, its concave surface concealed from ventral view; both edges smooth, not serrulate or noticeably dissected. Poison calyx weakly developed, long, the digitiform appendices relatively few. Poison gland difficult to trace but apparently very long, passing out of the trochanteroprefemur and deeply into the prosternal segment. Tergites: Paramedial longitudinal sutures present and conspicuous. Pleurites: Major paratergites wholly absent. Intercalary paratergites absent, i.e. the lateral ends of the intercalary tergites (pretergites) merge with membrane without forming plates; intercalary tergite lateral ends concealed beneath the large, overlapping dorsal extensions of the inter- calary pleurites. Spiracles all round. The last stigmopleurites separated by sutures from the associated tergite. Legs: First pair slightly shorter than the second. Approximately the first 35 pairs are extremely robust and short, thereafter legs becoming 1In this specimen the claw is flexed such that if basal bristles were present, they would be concealed; they may, nevertheless, be present. 92 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington somewhat longer and thinner. Pretarsi very robust and long, at least half as long as associated tarsus. Pretarsal accessory spurs about %4 as long as claw proper and approximately equal in length to each other. Sternites: Approximately the first 40 sternites each distinctly wider than long, thereafter becoming longer than wide, eventually much longer than wide. Sulci, depressions, etc. either absent or else too weak to be detected. Porefields of pro- and metacoxal pleurites absent. Antero- lateral sternital porefields absent. Posterior sternial porefields: on ster- nites from and including 1 through about 40 each is postero-marginal and either transversely subelliptical or transversely subreniform, thereafter porefields become progressively small, nearly subcircular, and move to a position just posterior to central, those of the 5 or 6 sternites preceding the ultimate sternite are slightly larger again. Sternites 26-33 each flanked on each side by 2 prominent, subelliptical to subcircular para- sternital pits. Ultimate pedal segment: Pretergite separated from its pleurites on each side by a distinct suture (or fold?). Tergite wider than long; sides slightly convergent posteriorly; rear margin essentially straight, the corners rounded. Presternite very large and distinctly divided centrally; passing obliquely postero-laterally to cover corners of sternite proper. Sternite slightly longer than width at midlength; sides very slightly bowed out- ward and slightly convergent; posterior margin essentially straight. Each coxopleuron (seen from below) extending somewhat forward of rear margin of penultimate sternite rear margin; pores numbering between 25 and 35, these distributed dorsally, ventrally and sparsely laterally; the whole structure moderately inflated. Legs slightly longer than penults; each with a tarsus of two articles, the distotarsus notably longer than the proximotarsus; pretarsus totally absent. Postpedal segments: Female gonopods basally contiguous but not fused; each weakly biarticulate, the distal article only slightly smaller than the proximal. Terminal pores absent. NOTE A Since the history and present status of Haplophilus are somewhat con- fusing, some clarification is in order. Haplophilus was proposed in 1896 (p. 6) by O. F. Cook, who, curiously enough, buried it in the middle of an article on diplopod nomenclature. He explained that it was proposed to replace Haplogaster Verhoeff, 1896, which was preoccupied at least twice: by Haplogaster Chaudoir, 1879, for a carabid; by Haplogaster Kolbe, 1894, for a cerambycid. At the time of proposal Cook mentioned no inclusive species by name, but he did make perfectly clear his inten- tion, and he did refer to the Verhoeff name whose type-species (by mon- otypy) was Himantarium dimidiatum Meinert, 1870. The same species, then, automatically became the type-species of Haplophilus, since if a generic name without originally designated type-species is proposed to replace another generic name with or without type-species, the type- species of either, when established, becomes ipso facto the type-species of Identity of Stenophilus Grenadae (Chamberlin) 93 the other. Therefore the type-species of Haplophilus Cook, 1896, is Himantarium dimidiatum Meinert, 1870 (= Stigmatogaster dimidiata (Meinert) sensu Attems, 1929: 40. In the two most important revisions of the family that have appeared to date the status of Haplophilus has been interpreted somewhat differ- ently. In 1909 Chalande and Ribaut regarded Stigmatogaster and Haplo- philus as closely related but separate genera. Those species with freely opening coxopleural pores were referred to Haplophilus, whereas species with dorsal porigerous pits were placed in Stigmatogaster. In 1929 At- tems united the genera, placing Haplophilus in synonymy beneath the senior name, Stigmatogaster. This solution involves certain difficulties too, but since a satisfactory resolution seems remote at this time, it is best to follow his system. NOTE B The distinction between major and intercalary paratergites must be clearly understood. A major paratergite is an elongate plate, a pleurite, which lies between the stigmopleurite and the associated major tergite. An intercalary paratergite is its serial homologue, differing from it notably in at least two important respects. (1) In position: The intercalary para- tergite is associated with the intercalary tergite (morphologically the pretergite ) and lies just lateral to each of its lateral ends. The intercalary paratergite may be single or subdivided, obscure, or very conspicuous. (2) In size: The intercalary paratergite is always much smaller than the major paratergite; indeed, in many species it can be quite difficult to find. An excellent, illustrated discussion of paratergites is given by Chalande and Ribaut (1909: 216-220). EXPLANATION OF FIGURES OF STENOPHILUS GRENADAE (CHAMBERLIN ) Fig. 1.—Clypeus, labrum, buccae. (Ventral aspect: setae shown.) a = right paraclypeal suture. b = posterior arm of labral fultura. c = more heavily sclerotized border of left bucca. d = imaginary line separating weakly sclerotized upper portion of left bucca from its more heavily sclero- tized lower portion. Fig. 2.—First and second maxillae. (Ventral aspect: setae deleted. ) a = small but distinct lappet of first maxillary left telopodite. b = dashed line: outline of concealed lower edge of first maxillary coxosternum. c = obscure, hyaline, detached extension of second maxillary coxosternum; presumably a vestigial postmaxillary sclerite. Fig. 3.—Prosternum and left prehensor. (Ventral aspect: setae de- leted.) Tarsungula strongly flexed and tilted slightly toward the observer. LITERATURE CITED Attems, C. 1929. Geophilomorpha, in: Das Tierreich, Lief. 52: 1-388. Chalande, J. and H. Ribaut. 1909. Etude sur la systematique de la famillie Himantariidae. Arch. Exper., (5)1: 197-275. 94 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Chamberlin, R. V. 1909. Some records of North American Geophilidae and Lithobiidae. With description of a new species. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 2(3): 175-195. . 1912. The Geophiloidea of the Southeastern States. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, 54(13): 407—436. . 1930. A new geophilid chilopod from Potter Creek Cave, California. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 33(14): 297-300. . 1946. A new American genus (Stenophilus) in the chilopod family Himantariidae. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 59: 35-38. j . 1953. Two new Oregon chilopods of the order Geophilida. | Psyche, 60(1): 37-39. Crabill, R. E., Jr. 1959a. A synonymical list of American Himantariidae, with a generic key and description of a new genus. Ent. News, 70(5): 117-126. 1959b. Ibidem, 70(6): 153-159. 4 0673 Vol. 73, pp. 95-98 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OCTOLASMIS DAWSONI, NEW SPECIES (CIRRIPEDIA: LEPADIDAE) FROM BATHYNOMUS GIGANTEUS By Davin CausEY University of Arkansas and Gulf Coast Research Laboratory The barnacle described here was encountered while study- ing the genus Octolasmis in the Gulf of Mexico. It was first called to my attention by C. E. Dawson, Marine Biologist of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, being upon a specimen of the huge, deep water isopod Bathynomus giganteus Milne- Edwards in the collection of that institution. It was also pres- ent upon a large number of specimens of the same host sent to me by Harvey R. Bullis, Jr., Fish and Wildlife Service, Pas- cagoula, Mississippi. I am much indebted to Mr. Dawson, after whom the species is named, and to Mr. Bullis for the specimens. A survey of the species of the genus Octolasmis in the Gulf of Mexico will appear elsewhere. Octolasmis dawsoni, new species Figs. 1-6 Holotype: A specimen with well-developed ovaries; southeast of Pensa- cola, Florida, lat. 28° 30’ N, long. 86° 11’ W, 240 fathoms; collected by the Fish and Wildlife Service, M/V “Oregon,” 11 March 1955; U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 104378. Paratypes: Several specimens, same data as holotype, all from a single host specimen. Many specimens from numerous host specimens; south of the Dry Tortugas, 24° 11’ N, long. 83° 21.5’ W, 400 fathoms; collected by the Fish and Wildlife Service, M/V “Silver Bay” 8 June 1959. No specimens are fully mature, i.e., with eggs or nauplius larvae. Diagnosis: Similar to Octolasmis lowei (Darwin, 1851), from which it is distinguished superficially by its smaller size, the brown color, and the apically notched tergum. Description: The tergum of O. dawsoni (Fig. 2) is notched apically, and the umbo is almost centrally placed in young specimens and sub- terminal in more mature specimens. Fully matured specimens have not been encountered. In O. lowei the apical end is rounded and the small umbo is distinctly terminal (Fig. 1). 15—Proc. Bio.. Soc. WaAsuH., VoL. 73, 1960 (95) AG HSONAN AUG 16 1900 SBRARL YS ! 96 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Octolasmis Dawsoni, New Species (Cirripedia: Lepadidae) 97 The scutum and the carina do not offer any details of systematic im- portance, nor does the length of the peduncle. These features are gener- ally emphasized in the description of species in this genus, but they seem based upon the examination of too few specimens. The mandibles (Fig. 4) have either 3 or 4 teeth (I think according to the maturity of the speci- men), and apparently the teeth do not have ridges upon them. The man- dibles of O. lowei (Fig. 3) have 4 teeth (the terminal point is not usually considered a tooth), and the teeth have ridges upon them that are brought out in KOH preparations. In KOH treated specimens, O. dawsoni shows hooks at the base of the teeth and O. lowei does not. These may be cutic- ular processes of the body surface in the vicinity of the mandibles. Vari- ous patterns of such hooks are present in other species of the genus and may be of specific value. The maxilla of O. lowei (Fig. 5) has the cus- tomary notch, with relatively few bristles or setae; O. dawsoni (Fig. 6) has a broader notch and more bristles or setae. The penis does not appear to be of taxonomic significance. Size: Measurement of the length of the capitulum of the first 10 speci- mens encountered (for this purpose) gave an average length of 1.42 mm, with the range between 1 mm and 2mm. For O. lowei a similar 10 speci- mens gave an average length of 2.39 mm, with the range between 1 mm and 3mm. Possibly more mature specimens of O. dawsoni would approach the dimensions of O. lowei. Ecology: This barnacle has been collected only from the ventral surface of the abdomen of a single host species. Summary of the characters that distinguish O. dawsoni and O. lowei: O. dawsoni Living in deep water of Gulf of Mexico on Bathynomus gigan- teus. Attached to the ventral surface of the abdomen of the host. Average length of capitulum 1.42 mm. Light brown, almost salmon col- ored. Tergum notched apically. Umbo almost centrally placed in young specimens and subtermi- nal in more mature specimens. Mandibles with 3 or 4 teeth, with- out ridges, with hooks at base of teeth. Maxilla with broad notch and more bristles or setae than in O. lowei. O. lowei Living in shallow water on Calli- nectes, Libinia, Portunus, and Calappa; cosmopolitan. Attached to the gills and the bran- chial cavity of the host. Average length of capitulum 2.39 mm. Cream colored. Apex of tergum rounded. Umbo smaller and terminal. Mandibles with 4 teeth, with ridges on teeth, without hooks at base of teeth. Maxilla with notch and few bristles or setae. 98 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington LITERATURE CITED Darwin, Charles. 1851. A monograph on the subclass Cirripedia. The Lepadidae; or, pedunculated cirripedes. London. Ray So- ciety. xii+400pp; pl. 1-10. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES All figures are camera lucida outlines from KOH preparations mounted in Permount. The exact number of bristles or setae is problematical in such preparations. Fig. 1.—O. lowei, whole specimen. Fig. 2.—O. dawsoni, whole specimen. Fig. 3.—O. lowei, mandible. Fig. 4.—O. dawsoni, mandible. Fig. 5.—O. lowei, maxilla. Fig. 6.—O. dawsoni, maxilla. 41,0672 Vol. 73, pp. 99-102 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW MARINE CENTIPED FROM THE CALIFORNIA LITTORAL By Ratpey V. CHAMBERLIN Through the courtesy of Prof. J. W. Hedgpeth, director of the Pacific Marine Station, California, I have been able to examine specimens of the new geophilid centiped here de- scribed. This new form is of special interest because of its occurrence under stones between the tide levels near Dillon Beach. It represents a new genus in the family Schendylidae to which several forms of known or probable littoral habitats pertain. However, centipeds of such occurrence are not re- stricted to this family. Thus the most commonly found of all marine centipeds is Linotaenia maritima (Leach) of the Eu- ropean coasts and on the coast of Alaska the author has re- ported the occurrence of Brachygeophilus admirinus Cham- berlin, near the lower tide mark, these two species belonging respectively to the Linotaeniidae and the Geophilidae. In the family Schendylidae long known as a marine centiped is Hydroschendyla submarina (Grube), found in the littoral of England, Ireland, and the Bermuda Islands, as well as along the continental coast from Sweden to France. A related genus, Haplophilus, has in the Mediterranean area a form of known littoral habits, this being H. dimidiatus angustus (Latzel). In the western Atlantic another related genus, Bimindyla, is rep- resented by a species B. gertschi Chamberlin which is sus- pected to have similar habits. On the American Pacific coast another related genus, Pectiniunguis, is represented in the lit- toral fauna of Mexico and the Galapagos Islands, and the genus Thindyla, allied to the preceding, by a species described by the author from Callao, Peru. The following tabulation will aid in placing the new genus with reference to these and some other related genera of the Schendylidae. 16—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., VoL. 73, 1960 (99) 100 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 1, Last coxae with 0 or at most 1 or 2 glands or pores _____..--.------ 2 Last coxae with from 4 or 5 to many pores _____________________ 8 2... Lasticoxael with no i landsor pores) ee ea 3 Last .coxae with: i ory spores 22 Bai elle 1 nh pe ee bes) 3. Labrum bearing stout teeth over middle OOK ETO a ae Se ale SEA ae ca aD coed Nesonyx Chamberlin Not so, the median part with margin simply undulate or at most @remate, MH As Se OR Sa SVE te eae ee 4 4, Labrum deeply incurved or excavated at 50100 Kal Ce We MON Mae AAS: at ime eA pla Haploschendyla Verhoeff Not so, the labral margin gently concave or nearly ERATIS VERSE is ee ta eee allie res eet La at Bimindyla Chamberlin 5. Coxal glands simple or homogeneous _____..-.-_..-----------------------------—- 6 Coxal glands compound or heterogeneous ___...--.-..-------------------------- 0 6. Anal legs with a stout claw; middle of labrum with stout erst d 0 ee A OTL NI YAO Wega eu Reve EDR a Nyctunguis Chamberlin Anal legs with no claw; labrum deeply incurved at middle, without true teeth Hydroschendyla Brol. and Ribaut 7. Labrum without true teeth at middle, at most CLETIALE 1 Suge CAROUSEL va Wiieaes lea Thindyla Chamberlin Labrum with stout teeth at middle, not deeply TNCUTVEG CNet kL eC, EAL Eb Pectiniunguis Bollman 8. Claw of palpus of second maxillae closely pectinate __. Escaryus Cook This ..claw, entirely, smooth 22420...23 eee 9 9. Prehensors small, not attaining front margin of head; femuroid and prosternum without teeth _.....--- Lionyx, gen. nov. Prehensors exposed from above, exceeding the head anteriorly; femuroid and prosternum bearing teeth ___..-__/___ 10 10. Anal legs with a claw; coxal pores small and TAVUITLCTO US) eo! Gols A ere ee Ne a ee Apunguis Chamberlin Anal legs lacking a claw; coxal pores only 4 or 5, jRegad ey ge Nia seal et Ma AG wl ORS SAL ea EN Sogolabis Chamberlin Lionyx, new genus In general close in structure to Escaryus but differing in having the claw of the second maxillae entirely smooth instead of closely pectinate. In the first maxillae the palpus bears a sensory lappet but none occurs on the basal joint of the maxilla proper. The labrum bearing a series of nu- merous long spines but no true conical teeth, although the spines are abruptly thicker at where they tend to fuse transversely. No ventral pores detected. Last ventral plate broad, coxal pores typically 5 on each side, the glands simple. Anal legs with a normally developed claw, crassate in the male. Type species: Lionyx hedgpethi new species Lionyx hedgpethi, new species Figs. 1 and 2 Color pale yellow. Head about three fourths as wide as long, widest a little back of mid- New Marine Centiped from the California Littoral 101 sg § Fic. 1-2 dle; with no frontal suture. Antennae long and filiform. The labrum free, evenly concave, armed with numerous processes which are spiniform and separated above their bases which are contiguous. First maxillae with a stout palpus which bears on its first joint a sensory lappet. (See Fig. 1.) The second maxillae with coxal plate without suture or division at middle; palpus bearing a large claw which is entirely smooth. (See Fig. 2.) Claws of prehensors when closed failing much of attaining the anterior margin of the head. Femuroid of prehensors unarmed, but the claw with a denticle at base. Prosternum unarmed anteriorly; no sclerotic lines obvious. The relatively large clypeal area finely and uniformly areolate, with no clear non-areolate areas; setae near lateral borders but none detected in middle portion. Sternites smooth, sparsely setose. In anterior part the sternites have the anterior margin of each sclerotized into an edge below which a similar edge of the preceding sternite seems to fit when the animal coils. Last ventral plate or sternite broader than long, narrowed caudad, trapeziform. Coxal pores typically 5 on each side; the two innermost of these pores adjacent to or partly covered by the sternite. Anal legs in the male crassate; claw large and smooth. Pairs of legs 49. Length: 20 to 25 mm. Locality: California, near Dillon Beach, Marin Co.; Nick’s Cove, To- males Bay. Type taken 8 July 1959 by J. W. Hedgpeth and students. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Lionyx hedgpethi new species. Fig. 1.—A first maxilla. Fig. 2.—Distal portion of palpus of second maxilla. 102 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74.0673 Vol. 73, pp. 103-106 10 August 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF LEIOCEPHALUS STICTIGASTER SCHWARTZ FROM CENTRAL CUBA By ALBERT SCHWARTZ Department of Biology, Albright College, Reading, Pa. I (1959) have recently described the species Leiocephalus stictigaster from western Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. At the time of this description, I mentioned (op. cit.:110) two lizards from Bayamo, Oriente, which were tentatively considered to represent L. cubensis cubensis, despite the fact that these two individuals agreed rather well with my concept of L. sticti- gaster. The occurrence of this species as far east as Oriente left a distributional hiatus of considerable extent, since the east- ernmost Cuban record was in central Pinar del Rio Province. In the summer of 1959, in the company of Ronald F. Klini- kowski and Barton L. Smith, I collected on the north coast of Camagiiey Province, at Playa Santa Lucia; this locality lies between the Bahia de Nuevitas on the west and the Oriente border on the east. At this locality we took a long series of L. stictigaster. Although both L. carinatus and L. macropus occur at Playa Santa Lucia, stictigaster is the most common of the three and is the only member of the genus which occurs along the beach itself. This locality lies within the known range of L. c. cubensis (see map, op. cit.:99), although we took no specimens of cubensis near Santa Lucia. In addition to our series, I have been permitted to examine a number of these lizards taken at Santa Lucia by Ernest E. Williams and Rudolfo Ruibal. Their collection also includes a single individual from the serpentine savanna ca. 20 kilometers north of Camagiiey city. Although this lizard appears distinct from the Playa Santa Lucia lot, it agrees well with the two specimens pre- viously reported from Bayamo. Additional material from east- ern Camagiiey and western Oriente will undoubtedly show / 9) 17—Proe. Bion. Soc. Wasu., Vor. 73, 1960 (103) 104 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington that another race of stictigaster inhabits that area. The lizards from Playa Santa Lucia are distinct from the remaining four races of L. stictigaster, and for them I propose the name Leiocephalus stictigaster lucianus, new subspecies Type: American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) 83583, an adult male, from Playa Santa Lucia, Camagiiey Province, Cuba, taken 30 June 1959 by Ronald F. Klinikowski. Original number 7298. Paratypes: AMNH 83554-82, same locality as type, 29 June 1959, R. F. Klinikowski, A. Schwartz, B. L. Smith; Museum of Comparative Zool- ogy (MCZ) 59211-28, (Playa) Santa Lucia, east of Bahia de Nuevitas, Camagiiey Province, Cuba, 24 August 1959, E. E. Williams, R. Molina, R. Ruibal. Diagnosis: A subspecies of Leiocephalus stictigaster characterized by broad white to tan dorsolateral stripes, dorsal pattern prominently and contrastingly lined longitudinally, the dark dorsal colors ranging from dull tans to brown and black, brown to orange ventral dots on a white to pale yellow ground, and a distinct and persistent black throat pattern on a clear background. Distribution: Known only from the type locality. Description of type: An adult male with the following measurements (in mm) and counts: snout—vent length 76, tail (distal quarter regener- ated ) 119, snout to anterior border of tympanic opening 16.5, head width 13.8, supraocular scales 6/6, loreals 6, temporals 11, enlarged auricular scales 3/4, median head scales 4, prefrontal row complete 3 scales, fronto- parietal row complete 5 scales, parietals in contact, semicircles complete, dorsal crest scales occiput to vent 53, dorsal crest scales occiput to axilla 24, scales around one half of body at midbody 23, fourth toe subdigital tricarinate scales 23/24. Coloration of type: The dorsal coloration of the type is generally dull to darker tan, the pigments arranged in the typical zoned pattern of sticti- gaster, as follows: Zone 1 is brown and confined to the median crest scales. Laterally, zone 2 is dull tan and rather sharply set off from zone 3, the dorsolateral fields, which are brown with scattered darker brown scales. The dorsolateral fields are again sharply differentiated from zone 4, which is wide and very pale tan, and extends from the posterior edge of the temporals to the proximal portion of the tail, becoming less prominent above hindlimbs. Zone 5 is a rich dark brown, much more saturated than the brown of zone 3; it begins posterior to the eye and continues posterior to the hind limb insertion. There appear to be some longitudinal black dashes in zone 5, but because of the depth of the pigmentation of the ground color, these dashes are not well defined. Zone 6 is white, begin- ning below the eye and proceeding posterior to the groin; both dorsally and ventrally zone 6 is delimited by irregular black to dark brown mark- ings, which set the zone off from the pigmented areas above and below it. Below zone 6 is an additional longitudinal zone, between the fore and hind limbs, which is brown with scattered black dashes; this lowermost New Subspecies of Leiocephalus Stictigaster Schwartz 105 zone changes rather abruptly to the whitish venter. The dorsal surface of the head is tan with black dots on the snout, the supraocular semicircles, and the posterior head shields. The postorbital blotch is absent, the tem- poral region having the same brown pigmentation as zone 5, although in the postorbital region the ground color is somewhat lighter and dorsal and ventral black margins of zone 5 are more pronounced than elsewhere. The dorsal surfaces of the limbs are medium tan, spotted with a lighter tan, which is more prominent on the hind limbs than on the fore limbs. The hind limbs also show dark brown dashes on their dorsal surfaces. The dorsal surface of the tail has about ten indistinct chevrons, the more proxi- mal ones being almost obliterated and their position marked only by paired dark brown dots on the tan caudal ground color. The throat is boldly marked on a clear pale yellow ground; there are two black V’s, their apices pointed anteriorly, the second of which is incomplete at the midline, and both of which are preceded by a small black bar. Posterior to these are a pair of paramedian black lines which extend onto the chest. The chest itself is marked with black spots and these spots occur as well on the underside of the fore limbs. The remainder of the venter is marked with dark brown (centrally) to orange (peripherally) dots, which may even appear as longitudinally elongate dashes, and which extend as well onto the underside of the thighs and onto the sides of the tail. The underside of the shank is dull white and lacks well-defined spots. Variation: In snout—vent length, 20 males (type and paratypes) aver- age 63.9 (52-78), 23 female paratypes average 50.3 (41-58). Dorsal crest scales in occiput—vent length (combined data for both sexes) aver- age 51.6 (45-56) and dorsal crest scales in occiput—axilla length average 22.0 (18-29). One half scales are midbody average 23.8 (21-27), loreals 4.9 (3-8), temporals 11.4 (9-14), subdigital tricarinate scales on the fourth toe 24.3 (21-27). The parietals are more often in contact (73%) than not, the supraorbital semicircles are more often complete (72%) than not. All specimens have four median head scales, three prefrontal scales in a complete row, and usually five frontoparietals in a complete row, although counts of four and six occur as well, and two individuals have the frontoparietal row interrupted. The paratypes include 22 males, of which three are juveniles (snout— vent lengths 37 to 44). All adult and subadult males agree well with the type in coloration and pattern, although some are even more darkly pig- mented. The lateral fields often have more prominent black dashes than those of the type, and the dorsal fields at times show more dark blotches than does the type. The postorbital blotch is consistently absent, and the dorsum is always prominently lined, the pale zone 4 involving parts of three scales (one entire scale and halves of two adjacent scales). The ventral ground color ranges in life from white to pale yellow. The throat pattern is essentially that described for the type, but it may show some fragmentation which is not extensive. The most anterior of the throat V’s may be preceded by a small transverse black bar, the paramedian lines may be joined to the more posterior of the V’s, there may be an additional 106 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington pair of paramedian lines adjacent to the central pair; all these variations do not disturb the inherently obvious pattern of the throat. All have the venter dotted with brown, although the three juveniles lack the dots cen- trally, but have them peripherally. The dorsal surfaces of the hind limbs usually show both tan and dark brown markings, but one or both features may be absent, so that this member may have an unmarked dorsal surface. Aside from their smaller size, the females present no special features. They resemble the males in all characteristics, even to the throat pattern and heavily spotted venters, although juvenile females, like javendleye males, have few to no dots centrally on the belly. | Comparisons: L. s. lucianus differs from the races stictigaster, sierrae and exotheotus by virtue of its dorsal pattern; in these three subspecies, zone 4 regularly involves one and one-half scales, in contrast to three scales in lucianus. In addition, lucianus has a definite throat pattern and ventral dots; exotheotus may lack ventral dots, and all three western races usually have the throat pattern disintegrated in adults and have some gray clouding on the ground color. L. s. lucianus most closely resembles astictus dorsally; both have a wide zone 4. However, astictus lacks ven- tral dots, has the parietals usually (73%) not in contact, and has red sides with green dots, whereas lucianus has brown sides without other lateral chromatic markings. Remarks: L. s. lucianus is known to occur only along the sandy beach at Playa Santa Lucia; in this area it is the most abundant lizard and large numbers were seen daily. That the species does not occur only at this single isolated locality is shown by one specimen (MCZ 59229) from about 20 kilometers north of Camagiiey. I hesitate to call this single lizard lucianus, since it appears to be distinctively colored dorsally, has especially heavy dark throat markings, a narrow zone 4, and rather prominent dark markings in the lateral fields. In all these characteristics this specimen agrees well with the two Bayamo lizards referred to previously. It is prob- able that L. stictigaster has a much wider distribution in eastern Cuba than is currently known, and it should be looked for at least in Camagiiey and western Oriente. LITERATURE CITED Schwartz, Albert. 1959. Variation in lizards of the Leiocephalus cuben- sis complex in Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. Bull. Fla. State Mus., 4(4): 97-143, 10 figs. 574.0672 Vol. 73, pp. 107-118 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN TEPHRITIDAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW GENERA AND TWO NEW SPECIES (DIPTERA) By RicHARD H. Foore Entomology Research Division, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. This paper comprises some notes and descriptions accumu- lated during a compilation of a definitive catalog of North American Tephritidae. Included are the descriptions of Meta- tephritis fenestrata, n. gen., n. sp.; the genus Mylogymnoca- ; rena, n. gen., for Urellia apicata Thomas; and Gymnocarena bicolor, n. sp. Eutreta aurantiaca Doane is placed in the genus Xenochaeta; a first United States record for Acrotaenia test- udinea (Lw.) is given; and the genera Gymnocarena, Oedica- rene, and Zonosemata are discussed. Assistance was received from M. T. James, Washington State University, Pullman; R. B. Lattimore and E. W. Jackson, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Brownsville, Texas; C. W. Sabro- sky, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; and H. V. Weems, Jr., State Plant Board of Florida, Gainesville. The collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts, and the U. S. National Museum were indispensable. Acrotaenia testudinea ( Loew ) (Fig. 1) Trypeta testudinea Loew, 1873, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 11( 256): 272; pl. XI, Fig. 13. Acrotaenia testudinea: Loew, 1873, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 11(256): 274.— Hendel, 1914, Abh. u. Ber. Anthrdp.-Ethn. Mus. Dresden (1912) 14; 59.—Bates, 1933, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 28: 164.—Bates, 1934, Rev. de Ent. 4: 9.—Aczél, 1949, Acta Zool. Lilloana 7: 269. 18—+Proo, Brox. Soc. Wasu., VoL. 73, 1960 (107) 108 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington pies. 3 A female of this species was collected 26 January 1936, on Big Pine Key, Monroe Co., Florida, by T. J. Cooper in a glass McPhail fruit fly trap. The specimen has been assigned Florida State Plant Board Acces- Notes on Some North American Tephritidae 109 sion No. 58178 and is deposited in the collection of that organization at Gainesville. This constitutes the first United States record of the genus and species, and is the only one known to me. It is significant that this fruit fly has never been recorded from the United States since 1936 de- spite the large number of traps used in the extensive Florida fruit fly sur- vey conducted during and after the 1956-1957 Medfly outbreak. The type locality of testudinea is stated by Loew (1873) as Cuba; the specimen is in the Berlin Museum. The species has been reported from Cuba and Puerto Rico several times, and specimens in the U. S. National Museum represent several localities on each of these islands. The Na- tional Museum also contains a specimen bearing the label “Jacaqua, Do- minican Republic.” The wing illustrated in Figure 1 is that of a Puerto Rican female. Xenochaeta aurantiaca (Doane), new combination Eutreta aurantiaca Doane, 1899, Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 7: 185; pl. III, Fig. 10.—Aldrich, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 46( 1444): 608. Tephritis aurantiaca: Coquillett, 1899, Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 7: 264. Through the courtesy of Maurice T. James, I have been able to exam- ine the holotype of aurantiaca Doane. This female is headless and has but one wing, but is otherwise intact. Although the hyaline spots in the wing of aurantiaca are smaller, much more discrete, and separated from each other by greater distances than in dichromata Snow, the only other species in the genus, the general pattern of spotting, as illustrated by Doane (1899), is similar. Both species have a shiny yellow abdominal dorsum with large, dark, partially or completely confluent spots covered by mixed black and yellow setae; the mesonotum covered by some pollin- osity and dense reddish or yellowish hairs; the dorsal one-third of the thoracic pleural area with a light yellow stripe that includes the humerus and prothoracic spiracle; and shining black postscutellum and metathorax. An intact specimen of aurantiaca from Fort Lewis, Washington, collected by Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., has a sharply pointed third antennal segment, much more so than in dichromata. The arrangement of the three lower fronto-orbitals in both species is distinctive; the anterior two are situated close to each other near the antennal bases, and the posterior one is con- siderably removed from them and in a transverse line with the anterior pair of uppers. The front at the vertex is very wide. The two species may be distinguished from each other by the following key: Wing pattern consisting of small, discrete, hyaline spots; one small dark mid-ventral spot on each femur; dark spots fused, or nearly so, on all but basal abdominal tergum; scutellum dark basally and centrally, yellow laterally aurantiaca (Doane) Wing pattern consisting of large, diffuse hyaline spots; only hind femur with one dark mid-ventral spot, remaining femora en- tirely yellow; dark spots not fused on any but terminal abdom- 110 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington inal tergum; scutellum with dark area only at base of each Jointed (Vets ean PrAU Mkt Nae er cee AUN ieee aT dichromata Snow The genera Paracantha Coquillett, Eutreta Loew, Eurosta Loew, Ic- terica Loew, Xanthomyia Phillips, Jamesomyia Quisenberry, and Acido- gona Loew belong with Xenochaeta in the tribe Ditrichini of the sub- family Tephritinae, as outlined in Hering’s (1947) detailed key to the suprageneric groups of the family. These genera are characterized by having a wide frons with the upper fronto-orbitals set well inside the lowers, the dorsocentrals in a transverse line through the supra-alars, the wing pattern consisting essentially of light spots on a dark field, and well- defined marks forming a pattern on a light colored abdominal dorsum. These genera, including Xenochaeta, have dark spots on one or more pairs of femora or possess partially or entirely dark femora, and all have yellow postocular bristles. From the first five genera named above, Xeno- chaeta may be distinguished by the very different wing pattern, and from Icterica and Acidogona by the much smaller size of its species. Xantho- myia and Jamesomyia are heavily pollinose species with very stout head hairs; the former genus carries only two pairs of lower fronto-orbitals and has a very broad wing with the hyaline spots of the pattern very differently disposed than those of Xenochaeta. Metatephritis, new genus Diagnosis: Labellum normal in size and shape, not elongate or genicu- late; face somewhat produced anteriorly at oral margin; frons at vertex as wide as one eye; from lateral view, gena less than one-half the maxi- mum eye height; third segment of antenna rounded apically; three pairs well-developed lower fronto-orbitals; two pairs upper fronto-orbitals, the posterior pair very light colored and not convergent; post-oculars pale and blunt. Humerals and supra-alars present; one pair dorsocentrals sit- uated immediately behind suture and distinctly anterior to anterior supra- alars; two pairs scutellars. Type species: Metatephritis fenestrata, new species. Metatephritis fenestrata, new species (Fig. 2) Male: In lateral view head 1.3 times as high as long; frons and proxi- mal half of face flat, meeting at an angle of about 120 degrees; gena nar- row, 0.1 to 0.15 times as high as one eye; lower fronto-orbitals strongly curved inwardly; ocellar longer than any other head bristle except inner vertical; genal bristle situated directly under eye; antenna about 0.5 times as long as face, entirely yellow. Mesonotum yellow with indistinctly margined brown marking occupy- ing a narrow area behind head and extending posteriorly to suture on each side of a central yellowish spot situated immediately anterior to suture, and occupying most of notum from suture to scuto-scutellar suture; scutellum entirely yellow, the posterior bristles crossed; entire Notes on Some North American Tephritidae it postscutellum and median two-thirds of metathorax brown, this spot with indistinct margins; remainder of thorax, including halter and legs, yellow. Wing pattern as in Fig. 2; vein Ry,; and node entirely bare; cell Ist A distally extending into a distinct point; vein r-m distinctly distad of mid- point of cell Ist Mo. Abdomen yellow above and below; setae on dorsum of segment I yel- low, those on dorsal terga of remaining segments brown; claspers with black apical and subapical teeth, the latter very long and slender; re- mainder of genitalia yellow. Wing length: 7 mm. Female: Not known. Types: Holotype ¢, North Side, Buffalo Bill Reservoir, near Cody, Wyoming (no further data available). U. S. National Museum No. 64871. Paratypes: 1 ¢, same data as type (USNM); 1 ¢, Boundrant, Wyoming, 13 June 1958, in gall of Artemisia tridentata (Fronk) (USNM). Discussion: The unusual wing pattern sets fenestrata apart morpho- logically from all North American tephritids; the species may be recog- nized immediately by the brown border completely surrounding the wing field, thereby forming a central hyaline area occupying most of cells R, Rs, and lst Mo. The genus belongs in the typical tribe of the subfamily Tephritinae, as outlined in Hering’s extensive key (1947), but is placed there with difficulty because of the absence of hyaline spots in a dark field. The remaining characters are so like those of Neotephritis Hendel and Euare- stoides Benjamin that the genus would be improperly placed elsewhere in the family. Both Euarestoides and Neotephritis have been reviewed by Foote (1958 and 1960, respectively ). Mvylogymnocarena, new genus Diagnosis: Frons bare, about as wide as one eye at vertex; in profile gena broad and without well-developed bristles anterior to genal bristle; face retreating, without median carina, oral margin not produced anteri- orly; holotype with 4 lower fronto-orbitals on one side, 5 on the other; 2 pairs upper fronto-orbitals, the posterior pair not convergent; post- oculars pale; antenna about two-thirds as long as face, third segment rounded apically. Humeral, supra-alar, and presutural present; 1 pair dorsocentrals, in a line drawn between anterior supra-alars; 2 pairs scutel- lars. Femora without stiff short setae ventrolaterally. Vein r-m situated distinctly apicad of midpoint of cell Ist Mo; vein Ry.5 bristled dorsally. Type species: Urellia apicata Thomas. Mylogymnocarena apicata (Thomas ), new combination Urellia apicata Thomas, 1914, Canadian Ent. 46; 428; Fig. 35. The original description of Thomas (1914) places this rare species very well. As far as known, the holotype is the only existing specimen, This female is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mas- 112 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington sachusetts, and bears the following labels: “Colo 2277,” “Urellia apicata Th.,” “Holotype No. _.. , and “Type 7731.” The wing pattern of apicata indicates an affinity with Trupanea, from which it differs by the presence of setae on vein R45, the more posterior position of the dorsocentrals, and the larger number of lower fronto- orbitals. The characters of apicata do not allow its placement in any of the known tephritid genera. Genus Gymnocarena Hering Gymnocarena Hering, 1940, Siruna Seva 1: 4. The genus Oedicarena was established by Loew in 1873 (see below) for tetanops, n. sp., a yellowish Mexican species with a wing pattern very much like Rhagoletis basiola (O.S.) and Zonosema vittigera (Coq.) but having a prominent facial carina arising between the bases of the an- tennae and extending to the oral margin. In 1877 Osten Sacken described Oedicarena persuasa from Denver, Colorado, and in 1894 Snow placed his new species diffusa in Oedicarena. The genus as thus constituted caused considerable confusion among tephritid taxonomists, a situation aggravated by the lack of an adequate generic position for tricolor Doane, 1899, originally described as an Euaresta but closely related to diffusa and quite different from tetanops and persuasa. Hering (1940) effectively resolved the confusion by establishing Gym- nocarena for diffusa, and Quisenberry (1950) assigned tricolor to it. A single specimen in the U. S. National Museum represents yet a third species and is described below as bicolor, n. sp. Generic diagnosis: Frons bare; gena directly below eye distinctly less than one-half the eye height; proboscis not geniculate; face without ca- rina; three pairs lower fronto-orbitals; two pairs upper fronto-orbitals, the posterior pair not convergent; postoculars pale but slender and pointed; third antennal segment rounded apically. Humeral, supra-alar, and postsutural present; 1 pair dorsocentrals, situated in a transverse line between anterior supra-alars; vein r-m distinctly apicad of midpoint of cell Ist Mo. Kry TO KNOWN SPECIES OF GYMNOCARENA HERING 1. Wing pattern with an almost continuous transverse hyaline band between costa and posterior margin of cell Cuy, in ad- dition to other hyaline markings —...-- diffusa (Snow) Wing pattern without such a continuous band, although other markings: are pKresemt jai oo VEU se 2 2. Cell Ry with two hyaline marks distad of apex of stigma; wing field consisting of two distinctly different shades of brown, one anterior and one posterior to veins M and IMA pee case into tie alles (Mal NR ash ees ARMS “el th tricolor (Doane) Cell Ri with one hyaline mark distad of apex of stigma; wing fieldsumico loro us eee ee eae ea es eee caine bicolor, n. sp. Notes on Some North American Tephritidae 113 Gymnocarena diffusa (Snow ) Oedicarena diffusa Snow, 1894, Kansas Univ. Quart. 2: 161; pl. VII, Fig. 9.—Doane, 1899, Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 7: 179.—Curran, 1934, Fam. Gen. North American Dipt., p. 290; Fig. 30. Straussia diffusa: Coquillett, 1899, Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 7: 261. Strauzia diffusia [sic]: Cresson, 1907, Trans. American Ent. Soc. 33: 100. Gymnocarena diffusa: Hering, 1940, Siruna Seva 1: 4. The wing of this species has been excellently illustrated by Curran (1934), and is distinctive in having an almost continuous transverse hya- line band from the costa to the posterior margin of the wing in cell Cu, in addition to a number of other hyaline markings. The field color is such a light shade of brown in some specimens that the pattern of hyaline markings is difficult to distinguish. The species inhabits the Great Plains region of the United States. The eastern limit of its range is Missouri, the northernmost record is Montana; the species extends into the southwest as far as Arizona. Although dif- fusa is a rather common species, nothing is known about its larval habitat. Gymnocarena tricolor (Doane ) Euaresta tricolor Doane, 1899, Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 7: 191; pl. IV, Fig. 9.—Aldrich, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 46( 1444): 613. Tephritis tricolor: Coquillett, 1899, Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 7: 264. Gymnocarena tricolor: Quisenberry, 1950, Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 58: 10. Doane’s (1899) description and wing figure are quite sufficient to place this little-known species. The wing pattern consists of clear hya- line spots on a field of two contrasting shades of brown distinctly divided from each other along veins M and Mj,», the dark shade lying anterior and the light shade posterior to this line. The species was originally described from South Dakota. The only cabinet specimen other than the holotype is in the U. S. National Mu- seum and bears the label “Cranmoor, Wisc., VIII.16.09.” Gymnocarena bicolor, new species (Fig. 3) Male: Frons yellow, parallel-sided, 0.8 times as wide as one eye at vertex; in lateral view, head 1.4 times as high as long; gena directly be- low eye 0.2 times as high as eye; face whitish, produced anteriorly at oral margin; antenna 0.8 times as long as face. Mesonotum yellow with fine yellow setae in addition to the larger bristles; thorax without dark markings of any kind; scutellum with 4 bristles; head and thoracic bris- tles light brown. Wing pattern as in Fig. 3; vein Ro.3 haired nearly to apex; vein r-m situated distad of apex of stigma, distad of mid-point of cell Ist Mo, and at a distinct angle to vein m; cell lst A drawn to a point along vein Cug + 2nd A. Legs and abdomen completely yellow, without dark markings. 114 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Wing length: 9 mm. Holotype: ¢, Indian Creek Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, 6100 ft. U. S. National Museum Type No. 64872. Discussion: In addition to the characters given in the generic descrip- tion, the wing figures and key adequately characterize this species. It is easily separable from tricolor by the even brown color of the wing field and the different arrangement of hyaline spots as shown. Genus Oedicarena Loew Oedicarena Loew, 1873, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 11(256): 247. Type species tetanops Loew (ibid., p. 245, pl. XI, Fig. 15). A discussion of the history of this genus will be found under the treat- ment of Gymnocarena in the present paper. The species of Oedicarena differ markedly from those of Gymnocarena in possessing a prominent facial carina, a gena at least as high as one-half the eye height, golden mesonotal pollen, and the dorsocentrals situated very close to the acrosti- cals. Oedicarena very closely resembles Rhagoletoides Foote (1960) in having a prominent facial carina, golden mesonotal pollen, and a sug- gestion of paired brown mesonotal spots, but differs from that genus in lacking strong femoral spines and a narrow gena. The two species now comprising Oedicarena, tetanops (Lw.) and persuasa (O.S.), are represented by holotypes in the Museum of Com- parative Zoology. They may be recognized by the following characters: 1. Cells lst and 2nd C, basal half of cell R, and cell Ist A yellow; brown spot in apex of cell Rs; continuous along costa with transverse band covering vein m __....--- persuasa (O.S.) Cells Ist and 2nd C, basal half of cell R, and cell 1st A hya- line; brown spot in apex of cell Rs isolated _____. tetanops (Lw.) O. persuasa was originally described from Denver, Colorado, and has not been recorded since; tetanops, as far as known, occurs only in Mexico and has not been captured within the United States. Genus Zonosemata Benjamin (Fig. 4) Zonosemata Benjamin, 1934, U. S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull. 401: 17. Type species: Trypeta electa Say. The diagnosis and a discussion of this close ally of Rhagoletis Loew are detailed by Benjamin (1934). Zonosemata is a North American genus containing two species, electa (Say), the pepper maggot, and vittigera (Coq.). A short but excellent summary of the distribution, hosts, and economic importance of electa is already available (Anon, 1959), and a more detailed account is given by Benjamin (1934). Z. vittigera, how- ever, has been generally overlooked in discussions of the genus. Adults of vittigera have been collected from alfalfa, cotton, Helianthus spp., orange, peach, and quince and are commonly attracted to traps baited for the Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens (Lw.)) in the Rio Notes on Some North American Tephritidae 115 @ = vittigera o = electa Fic. 4 Grande valley of Texas. However, the only plant authenticated as a lar- val habitat is Solanum eleagnifolium, the silverleaf or white horse-nettle. This plant is found in dry, open woods, prairies, waste places and dis- turbed soil in southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico; the north- ern limit of its range is in Missouri, and the plant has been found oc- casionally in Louisiana, Ohio, and Florida (Fernald, 1950). This dis- tribution agrees well with that of vittigera, based on specimens seen in this study from the following localities: UNITED STATES. Arizona: Amado, Aura Valley, Benson, Buckeye, Douglas, Ft. Apache, Lavern, Mesa, Nogales, Pearce, Sedona, White River, and Wilcox. New Mexico: Belen, Las Cruces, Mesilla, Rodeo, and 7 mi southeast of Rodeo. CALirorNiA: A single female captured in Santa Fe R.R. Pullman, San Francisco (1929). Texas: Brownsville, Bryan, Coleman, Donna, Eagle Pass, El Paso, Ft. Davis, Harlingen, Pine Springs, Presidio, and Weslaco (all shown on map, Fig. 4). MEXICO. TAMAULIPAS: Matamores and Reynosa. Figure 4 is based only on specimens seen in this study and shows the limited area in which the ranges of vittigera and electa overlap. No inter- grading characters in any of the Texas specimens of either species could be found. The mesonota of both species are yellow laterally and centrally and have wide, paired, sublateral brown stripes which are united anteriorly but divided posterior to the suture. In vittigera these stripes are united by a dark transverse streak at the base of the scutellum; this mark is usually absent in electa. In addition, vittigera has paired sublateral black 116 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington spots anterior to the mesonotal suture, much of the post-scutellum is black, the metanotum has paired lateral black stripes, and black spots are present in the center of the thoracic pleural area and on the sterno- pleuron centrally, characters never present in electa. The wing bands of vittigera are narrower and more sharply defined, although their ar- rangement is nearly the same in the two species. Few external structural differences distinguish them from each other, but the aedeagus of vitti- gera is narrower in proportion to its width (2:6) than that of electa (2:5), a reliable means for separating them. LITERATURE CITED Anonymous. 1959. Status of some important insects in the United States. Pepper maggot (Zonosemata electa (Say)). U. S. ay Agr., Agr. Res. Serv., Coop. Econ. Insect Rept. 9: 721-— 722, illus. Benjamin, F. H. 1934. Descriptions of some native trypetid flies with notes on their habits. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 401, 95 pp., illus. Curran, C. H. 1934. The families and genera of North American Diptera. 512 pp., illus. Privately printed. Doane, R. W. 1899. Notes on Trypetidae with descriptions of new species. Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 7: 177-193, illus. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany. 8th ed., 1632 pp., illus. American Book Co., New York, N. Y. Foote, R. H. 1958. The genus Euarestoides in the United States and Mexico. Ann. Ent. Soc. America 51: 288-293. 1960. A new tephritid genus, Rhagoletoides, with notes on its distribution and systematic position. Ent. News, 71: 145-149, illus. 19_. The species of the genus Neotephritis Hendel in America North of Mexico. Jour. New York Ent. Soc. (in press ). Hering, E. M. 1940. Neue Arten und Gattungen. Siruna Seva 1: 1l- 16, illus. 1947. Bestimmungstabelle der Unterfamilien und Tribus der Trypetidae. Siruna Seva 6: 12-16. Loew, H. 1873. Monographs of the Diptera of North America. Part III. Review of the North American Trypetina. Simths. Misc. Coll. 11( 256): 211-351, illus. Quisenberry, B. F. 1950. The genus Euaresta in the United States. Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 58: 9-38, illus. Thomas, F. L. 1914. Three new species of Trypetidae from Colorado. Canadian Ent. 46: 425-428, illus. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Right wing, dorsal view, Tephritidae. Fig. 1, Acrotaenia testudinea Notes on Some North American Tephritidae 117 (Lw.); Fig. 2, Metatephritis fenestrata, n. gen., n. sp.; Fig. 3, Gymno- carena bicolor, n. sp. Fig. 4. Distribution of Zonosemata electa and Z. vittigera in Texas. Arrows indicate approximate direction of additional locality records (left, vittigera; right, electa). 118 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74.0673 Vol. 73, pp. 119-122 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF KURODAIA (MALLOPHAGA: AMBLYCERA) FROM THE COLLARED SCOPS OWL OF THAILAND By Rosert E. ELBEL AND K. C. EMERSON Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma and Stillwater, Oklahoma Scops Owls and Screech Owls are parasitized by the mallo- phagen genera Kurodaia and Strigiphilus. Species of both gen- era are found on other hosts of the Avian order Strigiformes. Kurodaia painei (McGregor, 1912) and Strigiphilus otus Em- erson, 1955, are found on the Screech Owl, Otus asio (Lin- naeus ). Strigiphilus heterogenitalis Emerson and Elbel, 1957, was described from the Collared Scops Owl, Otus bakkamoena lettia (Hodgson). The fact that the Kurodaia from the latter host was new, has been mentioned previously by the authors (1959) in a discussion of the taxonomic position of the Col- lared Scops Owl as indicated by the Mallophaga. The new species of Kurodaia is herewith described and illustrated from material collected by Robert E. Elbel, while he was assigned to the United States Operations Mission to Thailand. The skins of the host are in the U. S. National Museum and were identified by H. G. Deignan. Appreciation is expressed to John S. Wiseman and the Texas State Department of Health for the loan of specimens of Kurodaia painei. Kurodaia deignani, new species Holotype male: General shape and chaetotaxy as shown in Figure 2. Ventral chaetotaxy of terminal abdominal segments as shown in Figure 5. Genitalia as shown in Figure 7. Allotype female: General shape and chaetotaxy as shown in Figure 1. Ventral chaetotaxy of terminal abdominal segments as shown in Figure 3. Type host: Otus bakkamoena lettia (Hodgson). Type material: Holotype male and allotype female, collected at Ban 19—Proc. Bion,.Soc. Wasu., VoL. 73, 1960 (119) 1WHSOA, SS How Nia - “iy \ ; 120 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington RS Att aul Var ait tara yiS Piel ems ie eerie KN LUT TN 1.0mm a Lee Pret na ae elect Lh YW wo 3 aaa Sing eo Rae Fics. 1-2 Muang Khai, Tha Li, Loei, Thailand on 29 January 1955 by Robert E. Elbel, have been deposited in the U. S. National Museum. Paratypes: 4 males and 3 females, from the type host, were collected at Ban Thung Chuak, Salok Bat, Khanu, Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand, on 22 June 1953 by Robert E. Elbel, of which 2 males and 1 female were deposited in the U. S. National Museum and a pair each in the collections of the authors. Measurements of K. deignani HOLOTYPE MALE ALLOTYPE FEMALE (mm) (mm) Length of head 0.34 0.37 Width of head 0.54 0.59 Width of prothorax 0.33 0.39 Width of mesothorax 0.41 0.50 Width of abdomen 0.59 0.71 Total length 1.46 1.86 Discussion: Kurodaia deignani differs from K. painei (McGregor) in size, chaetotaxy of terminal abdominal segments, and structure of the male genitalia. K. deignani, especially the male, is smaller than K. painei. A New Species of Kurodaia 121 Measurements of K. painei MALE FEMALE (mm ) (mm ) Length of head 0.40 0.40 Width of head 0.64 0.64 Width of prothorax 0.41 0.45 Width of mesothorax 0.49 0.54 Width of abdomen 0.69 0.80 Total length Tt 1.97 { } \ if di aiMIMAvier Al AURA Fics. 3-8 122 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington These measurements are greater than those given by McGregor in his original description. Differences in chaetotaxy of terminal abdominal segments are apparent from a comparison of Figures 3 and 5 for K. deignani with Figures 4 and 6 for K. painei. Differences in the male genitalia between K. deignani and K. painei may be seen by comparing Figures 7 and 8. The measurements and illustrations of K. painei are from specimens in the Texas State Department of Health, collected from Otus asio in Travis County, Texas, on 5 April 1951 and Zavalla County, Texas, on 25 April 1951 by Johnson and Walker. Kurodaia deignani is named for H. G. Deignan, who considered the evidence from the Mallo- phaga to help determine that the American and Asian forms of Otus were not conspecific (Elbel and Emerson, 1959). LITERATURE CITED Elbel, Robert E. and K. C. Emerson. 1959. The taxonomic position of an Asiatic species of Otus (Aves: Strigiformes) as indicated by the Mallophaga. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 39: 76-78. Emerson, K. C. 1955. A new mallophagan from the Screech Owl (Philopteridae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 57: 241-242. Emerson, K. C. and Robert E. Elbel. 1957. New species and records of Strigiphilus (Philopteridae: Mallophaga) from Thailand. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 70: 195-200. McGregor, E. A. 1912. A new Mallophagan. Ent. News 23: 305-306. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Kurodaia deignani, new species. Fig. 1.—Dorsal-ventral view of fe- male. Fig. 2.—Dorsal-ventral view of male. Fig. 3.—Ventral view of terminal abdominal segments, female. Fig. 5.—Ventral view of terminal abdominal segments, male. Fig. 7.—Male genitalia. Kurodaia painei (McGregor, 1912). Fig. 4.—Ventral view of terminal abdominal segments, female. Fig. 6.—Ventral view of terminal abdom- inal segments, male. Fig. 8.—Male genitalia. Illustrations of similar structures are drawn to the same scale. ere .OC/3 Vol. 73, pp. 123-130 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW CRAYFISH OF THE GENUS PROCAMBARUS FROM SOUTHERN ALABAMA (DECAPODA, ASTACIDAE) By Horton H. Hosss, JR. AND MARGARET WALTON Mountain Lake Biological Station, University of Virginia On 4 June 1940, Lewis Berner, Charles Benton, and the senior author collected four specimens of this new species from simple burrows in a drying creek-bed near the southeastern city limits of Haynesville, Lowndes County, Alabama. Not until April, 1958 were additional specimens obtained when Thomas L. Johnson and the senior author collected 109 speci- mens from five localities in Lowndes, Montgomery, and Wil- cox counties, Alabama. This crayfish is a member of the Blandingii Group and is closely related to Procambarus acutissimus (Girard, 1852) and P. hayi (Faxon, 1884). While the extent of its range is not known, failure to find it in collections to the north and east in habitats similar to those in which it occurs suggests that Mont- gomery and Lowndes counties lie near the northern and east- ern limits. We wish to acknowledge, with thanks, the assistance given by those persons mentioned above in collecting the specimens on which this description is based. Procambarus lophotus,! new species Diagnosis: Rostrum with small lateral spines or if spines absent mar- gins interrupted; areola 12 to 17 times longer than broad with one or two punctations in narrowest part and constituting from 32 to 37 per cent of total length of carapace; postorbital ridges terminating cephalically in small spines or tubercles; lateral spines small, often tuberculiform; inner margin of palm of chela of first form male with one or two irregular rows 1 lophotus, G.—crested. So named because of the helmet-like cephalic process of the first pleopod of the male. 20—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasu., VoL. 73, 1960 (123) 124 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington of eight or nine tubercles; male with hooks on ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods. First pleopods of first form male asymmetrically sit- uated, reaching coxopodite of third pereiopod and with a cephalolateral knob at base of terminal elements; no prominent cephalic hump or shoul- der. Mesial process noncorneous, slender, subspiculiform and directed caudodistally and somewhat laterally; cephalic and caudal processes and central projections all corneous and directed caudodistally (Figs. 1 and 6). Annulus ventralis broader than long with a broadly S-shaped sinus that terminates caudally on an elevated prominence; cephalic portion hidden by multi-tuberculate extensions of the sternum immediately cephalic to annulus. Holotype male, Form I: Body subovate, compressed laterally; abdo- men narrower than thorax (15.5 and 18.8 mm respectively); width and height of carapace subequal in region of caudodorsal margin of cervical groove (18.8 and 18.4 mm). Areola narrow (14 times longer than broad) with one or two puncta- tions in narrowest part and constituting about 34.1 per cent of entire length of carapace. Margins of rostrum not swollen, strongly convergent and with acumen indistinctly delimited from remainder of rostrum. Acumen narrowly triangular and reaching distal end of penultimate podomere of peduncle of antennule; upper surface of rostrum shallowly concave with a few widely scattered setiferous punctations. The usual submarginal row of setiferous punctations continuous onto acumen. Subrostral ridges weak and evident only at base of rostrum. Postorbital ridges clearly defined, grooved laterally, and terminating cephalically in small tubercles; suborbital angle small and obtuse; bran- chiostegal spine small and tuberculiform. Lateral surface of carapace strongly granulate, lateral spines represented by a pair of tubercles that are only slightly larger than adjacent granulations. Abdomen and carapace subequal in length (40.5 and 41.0 mm). Cephalic section of telson with two spines in each caudolateral corner. Epistome (Fig. 3) broader than long with a prominent cephalomedian spine and a median longitudinal carina near cephalic margin. Antennules of the usual form with a small spine on lower surface of basal segment. Antennae extend caudad to fifth abdominal tergum. Antennal scale (Fig. 8) of moderate width, broadest near midlength, and with a small spine at extremity of outer distal margin; lamellar portion with no dis- tinct angles. Right chela elongate, four times longer than broad and length of chela greater than length of carapace (42.5 and 41.0 mm). All surfaces of palm studded with squamous tubercles. Inner margin of palm with poorly defined rows of tubercles (in silhouette, nine tubercles may be seen extending above the surface). Lower surface of palm with one tu- bercle somewhat larger than the others at base of dactyl. Fingers not gaping, both with poorly defined submedian ridges above and below, A New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus 125 Fics. 1-11 especially on dactyl. Opposable margin of immovable finger with a row of 16 knob-like tubercles, only the third and fourth from base of which are conspicuous; below this row at base of distal third is the usual prominent tubercle. Crowded minute denticles along entire length of opposable margin. Lateral margin with a row of squamous tubercles along proximal fourth and continuous with it to tip of finger a row of 126 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington setiferous punctations. Opposable margin of dactyl with an upper row of 14 knob-like tubercles along proximal two-thirds of finger; additional tubercles irregularly placed below this row between the fourth and twelfth tubercles; upper row with crowded minute denticles along distal three-fifths. Mesial margin of dactyl with a row of five tubercles along proximal fourth, distal to which continues a row of setiferous puncta- tions. Mesial, upper and lower proximal portion of dactyl with a few scattered tubercles; elsewhere with rows of setiferous punctations. Carpus of first right pereiopod about 1.7 times longer than broad with a shallow, slightly oblique, longitudinal furrow. Tuberculate except on lower and upper lateral surfaces. Usual semicircular arrangement of four tubercles between the upper and lower condyles distinct but none spini- form; remaining tubercles on mesial surface smaller and none conspic- uously larger than others. Merus of first right pereiopod with tubercles on upper, lower, and mesio-distal surfaces; elsewhere punctuate. Two prominent tubercles on upper surface near distal extremity. Lower surface with a mesial row of 16 spine-like tubercles and a lateral one of 13; additional tubercles flanking both rows. Lower margin of ischiopodite with a single row of six tubercles. Ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods with hooks (Fig. 7); hooks simple and that on fourth heavier and opposed by a small knob on corresponding basipodite. Coxopodites of fourth and fifth pereiopods with the usual projecting prominences—those on fourth knob-like and those on fifth tuberculiform. First pleopod (Figs. 1 and 6) reaching coxopodite of third pereiopod when abdomen is flexed. (See Diagnosis for description. ) Allotypic female: Differs from the holotype in the following respects: Epistome slightly more irregular and lacking median carina; cephalic section of telson with three spines in the caudodextral corner. Inner mar- gin of palm of chela with a well-defined row of eight tubercles; fingers gaping; opposable margin of immovable finger with a row of 11 tubercles along proximal two-thirds with fourth and fifth from base larger. Oppos- able margin of dactyl with 11 tubercles, the third from base largest and with a gap between it and the second that received the fourth tubercle on dactyl when fingers are closed. A single row of minute denticles along distal third of opposable margin of both fingers. (See Measurements. ) Annulus ventralis (Fig. 4) broader than long with an S-shaped sinus, the caudal extremity of which lies on a prominent caudomedian elevation. Sternum immediately cephalic to annulus produced caudally in multi- tuberculate prominences that overlap slightly on the median line. Morphotypic male, Form II: Differs from the holotype in the follow- ing respects: Cephalic portion of telson with three spines in the caudo- sinistral corner. Carpus with the tubercles more acute and several on mesial surface larger than those elsewhere on podomere; hooks on ischio- podites of third and fourth pereiopods reduced and neither opposed by a knob on corresponding basipodite. First pleopod (Figs. 2 and 5) with A New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus 127 all terminal elements of holotype but noncorneous and not so distinctly delineated. Measurements (in millimeters ) HOLOTYPE ALLOTYPE MORPHOTYPE Carapace: : height 18.4 19.6 17.6 width 18.8 20.3 17.9 length 41.0 42.4 40.5 Areola: width 1.0 1.0 1.0 length 14.0 13.9 13.7 Rostrum: width 6.5 6.9 6.2 length 10.2 11.0 10.2 Right chela: length of inner margin of palm 15.9 9.6 11.3 width of palm 10.6 9.3 8.3 length of outer margin of hand 42.5 27.3 33.0 length of dactyl 24.0 16.2 18.8 Type locality: Roadside ditch, 3.4 miles northeast of Haynesville, Lowndes County, Alabama, on State Route 11. Here the road passes through gently sloping pasture lands with no trees in the immediate vi- cinity. The ditch, nowhere more than 1.5 feet deep, has a muddy bot- tom that supports a few grasses, particularly along the shallow margins. The current was sluggish to moderate at the time collections were made, and there is evidence that at times the ditch is dry. The open mouths of many burrows were observed before the water was clouded by dragging the seine over the muddy bottom. Specimens of Procambarus lewisi Hobbs and Walton (1959) and Cambarus striatus Hay (1902) were also collected here. Disposition of types: The holotypic male, allotypic female, and morph- otypic male are deposited in the U. S. National Museum (Nos. 104404, 104405, and 104406, respectively). A paratypic series, consisting of a first form male, a second form male, and a female are in the collection of Tulane University. The remaining paratypes are in the collection of the senior author at the University of Virginia. Color notes: The ground color is pinkish-cream, almost flesh-colored. A pair of small purplish-tan spots occur immediately cephalic to the cerv- ical groove near the attachments of the mandibular muscles, and extend- ing caudally from the vicinity of the spots is a pair of narrow, longitud- inal, grayish-green bands that extend to the caudal margin of the branch- iostegites. The areola is distinctly pink delimited laterally by tan branch- 128 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington iocardiac grooves. The abdomen bears a broad, dorsomedian, wedge- shaped purplish-tan band, the apex of which lies on the fifth tergite; in addition, at the bases of each epimeron, which is pink, is a narrow longi- tudinal grayish-green bar. Viewed laterally, these bars are in line with the bands on the branchiostegites. The chelae are pinkish-cream with purplish-brown to greenish-black tubercles. Variations occur in the actual colors with a suffusion of tan in the pinkish areas and a darkening of the bands and spots, but the pattern seems to be constant. Variations: The principal variations noted in this species seem to be associated with age. The young specimens are more spiniform, with well- defined marginal spines on the rostrum, lateral spines on the carapace, and spines on the cephalic extremities of the postorbital ridges. Too, the areola is proportionally broader in the immature animals, occasionally being only seven times longer than broad. None of the variations ob- served seem to be restricted to local populations. Relationships: Procambarus lophotus, a member of the Blandingii Group (see Hobbs, 1942) has its closest affinities with P. hayi and P. acutissimus. It may be distinguished from the former by the position of the lateral knob-like prominence near the distal end of the first pleopod; in P. hayi it lies proximolateral to the caudal process and in P. lophotus, proximolateral to the cephalic process. The pleopod of P. acustissimus is almost straight and the tips of the cephalic process and central projection are directed approximately at right angles to the shaft of the appendage; in P. lophotus the entire appendage is bent caudally and the correspond- ing processes are directed caudodistally. The annuli ventrales of the three possess a caudomedian elevation on which the caudal extremity of the sinus terminates; however, the contour of the sinus of P. lophotus is decidedly more sinuous than in the other species. LITERATURE CITED Faxon, Walter. 1884. Descriptions of new species of Cambarus; to which is added a synonymical list of the known species of Cambarus and Astacus. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 20: 107-158. Girard, Charles. 1852. A revision of the North American Astaci, with observations on their habits and geographical distribution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 6: 87-91. Hay, William P. 1902. Observations on the crustacean fauna of Nick- ajack Cave, Tennessee, and vicinity. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25(1292): 417-439. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr. 1942. The crayfishes of Florida. Univ. Florida Publ., Biol. Sci. Ser., 3(2): 1-179. and Margaret Walton. 1959. A new crayfish of the genus Procambarus from Alabama (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 72: 39-44. A New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus 129 EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Procambarus lophotus, new species. Fig. 1—Mesial view of first pleo- pod of male, form I. Fig. 2.—Mesial view of first pleopod of male, form II. Fig. 3.—Epistome of male, form I. Fig. 4.—Annulus ventralis of female. Fig. 5.—Lateral view of first pleopod of male, form II. Fig. 6.— Lateral view of first pleopod of male, form I. Fig. 7.—Basipodites and ischiopodites of fourth and third periopods of male, form I. Fig. 8.— Antennal scale of male, form I. Fig. 9.—Lateral view of carapace of male, form I. Fig. 10.—Dorsal view of carapace of male, form I. Fig. 11.—Distal podomeres of cheliped of male, form I. 130 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 5 7+.0¢6 73 Vol. 73, pp. 131-140 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW FAMILY OF MILLIPEDS OF THE ORDER SPIROBOLIDA, WITH NOTES ON AN ESTABLISHED FAMILY By WiILLIAM T. KEETON Department of Entomology (Biology Section), Cornell University The milliped order Spirobolida is a well-defined taxonomic group with representatives in all of the zoogeographic regions of the world. Many genera (152 according to Hoffman and Keeton, 1960) and hundreds of species have been described during the past 150 years. Yet, in few groups of animals has there been less serious effort to establish a satisfactory classi- fication at the family level of the taxonomic hierarchy. At the time of their original description, many genera have simply been allocated to the order, with no mention of family position. One important paper by Brélemann (1914) is an outstand- ing exception to the general lack of attention to the classifica- tion of the Spirobolida. Brélemann’s work established a basis on which later research could have built a sound taxonomic system. But this basis has been largely ignored, and most workers have continued to place all new genera in “convenient” and widely known families such as Spirobolidae, Rhinocrici- dae, or Trigoniulidae, or not to place them in any family. Thus such validly described Brélemann families as Spirobolellidae (to which several “spirobolid” genera such as Microspirobolus, Aporobolus, Spirobolinus, and their relatives apparently be- long) and Pseudospirobolellidae (to which such genera as Guamobolus, Javobolus, Saipanella, Azygobolus, etc. obviously belong) have all but disappeared from the literature. Having become interested in the taxonomy of the Spirobo- lida while preparing a comprehensive revision of the family Spirobolidae (1960), 1 have begun a long-term study of 21Aeoe Brot Saulga ta, Vox. 73, 1960 (131) : ' & \ | , 132 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington the order, with the goal of eventually providing for it an ade- quate and meaningful classification. In the course of this study, it has become evident not only that many genera must be moved from their existing positions to other families, but also that several new families are needed to accommodate genera which cannot any longer be left in the families into which they customarily have been shoved. I have (1959) pro- posed one such new family, and here propose another for two “orphan” genera. ALLOPOCOCKIIDAE, New Family Diagnosis: A family of the Spirobolidea as indicated by the structure of the phallopods, which do not possess the well-developed seminal blad- ders typical of the Trigoniulidea. Phallopods independent; telopodite, coxa, and coxal apodeme arranged in the essentially linear manner often seen in Spirobolidea. Distinguished from all other families of the Spiro- bolidea except Spirobolidae and Floridobolidae by the presence of well- developed coxae of the phallopods. Differs from these two families in having large apodemes of the coxal endites of the coleopods. Lacks the prominent basal sclerite present in Floridobolidae. Sternum of coleopods narrow, thus differing from the large sternum typical of Rhinocricidae and Spirobolellidae, but in its presence differing from the condition of Pseudospirobolellidae where the sternum is almost or completely absent. Included genera: Allopocockia Brélemann, 1913, and Chelogonobolus Carl, 1919. Discussion: The genus Allopocockia was first described by Brélemann (1913: 478; 1914: 34) for Spirobolellus tylopus Pocock, 1908, from Guatemala. Brodlemann’s knowledge of this species was limited to Po- cock’s published description, which included four drawings. Although this description was far superior to most being published during Pocock’s time, it gave no information regarding the critical characters of the basal portions of the gonopods. As a result, Brdlemann had to rely on his own best guess as to which family Allopocockia represented. He placed the genus in the Trigoniulidae, but indicated his uncertainty by putting a question mark before the name. Five years later Carl (1919) reported the results of his examination of the type specimens of Spirobolus nahuus Saussure and Humbert. He found that this Mexican species closely resembled Allopocockia tylopus, but differed from it in lacking the striking modifications of the pregenital legs of males and in not having pronounced mesial ventral productions of the coxal endites of the coleopods. Carl made nahuus the type of a new genus, Chelogonobolus, and redescribed the species at the same time. In his usual thorough fashion, Carl carefully studied the basic characters of nahuus and made known for the first time the details of the more in- ternal portions of the gonopods—the characters that had been unknown A New Family of Millipeds 133 to Brélemann in the case of tylopus. These characters made it necessary, as Carl remarked, to remove Allopocockia from the Trigoniulidae and to assign it and Chelogonobolus to some other family. Carl recognized the unusual characteristics of these two genera saying, “ Ce qui est certain, c’est qu’ils occupent dans le systéme actuel une position tout a fait isolée et ne rentrent dans aucune des familles établies par Brélemann.” In spite of this, however, having removed the genera from the Trigoniulidae, his natural conservative nature led Carl neither to establish a new family for them nor to place them in any other existing family. It now seems time to rescue these genera from the no-man’s land in which they have lain neglected, and to describe for them the new family which they so obviously deserve. I have chosen to base the new family name on the older of the two included genera in view of the possibility that future studies may neces- sitate regarding the two as congeneric. My own first-hand knowledge of the group is limited to the type speci- mens of Chelogonobolus nahuus, which were lent to me for study by Hermann Gisin of The Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle, Genéve, Switz- erland, to whom my sincere thanks are extended. I shall here contribute no new information regarding the other species of the Allopocockiidae, but shall give more detailed treatment to nahuus. Genus Allopocockia Brélemann Allopocockia Brélemann, 1913, Bull. Soc. ent. France, p. 478. Type: Spirobolellus tylopus Pocock, by original designation. Allopocockia Brélemann, 1914, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 83: 34. Diagnosis: Distinguished from Chelogonobolus by the presence of a “distinct papilla” or bladder-like structure on the protarsus of the third leg of males; by having the last segment of the third to seventh legs of males “inflated,” and the claws of these legs reduced to minute vestigial structures; and by having the mesial ventral corners of the coxal endites of the male coleopods produced ventrad. Discussion: In some other spiroboloid groups striking modifications of male pregenital legs frequently occur and have often been found to warrant only specific recognition. Generic level differences in these char- acters are generally accompanied by gonopodal differences more elab- orate than those known to exist between Allopocockia and Chelogonobo- lus. In the absence of study specimens of Allopocockia, however, and in our present meagre state of knowledge of this small but very distinct family, I do not feel it advisable at present to regard the two genera as synonymous. Included species: Only A. tylopus (Pocock), from Tecpam, Guatemala. Genus Chelogonobolus Carl Chelogonobolus Carl, 1919, Rev. Suisse Zool., 27: 399. Type: Spirobolus nahuus Saussure and Humbert, by original designation. 134 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Diagnosis: Distinguished from Allopocockia by the characters of the male pregenital legs and gonopods mentioned above. Chelogonobolus nahuus (Saussure and Humbert ) (Figs. 1-7) Spirobolus nahuus Saussure and Humbert, 1869, Rev. Mag. Zool., ser. 2, 21: 154. Spirobolus nahuus Saussure and Humbert, 1872, Mission scientifique Mexique, Myriapodes, p. 86. ; Spirobolellus nahuus, Pocock, 1908, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Chilopoda and Diplopoda, p. 88. Chelogonobolus nahuus, Carl, 1919, Rev. Suisse Zool., 27: 401, Figs. 32- 39. Description and discussion: I shall not attempt to give a full redescrip- tion of this species inasmuch as Carl’s treatment is an excellent one. My concern here is only in adding some details not fully covered in previous publications. My discussion is based on an examination of the type ma- terial belonging to the Geneva Museum. This material, all in a single vial, consists of: one anterior portion of head + 21 segments, with male gonopods in situ; two mid-body sections of 5 and 7 segments; three post- erior portions of 14, 15, and 16 segments respectively, each with com- plete anal areas; and a separate set of male gonopods. The original description gives segment counts of 35 for a female, and 32 and 35 for males. These are small millipeds compared to many spiro- boloids, being 16-23 mm long according to the literature, and averaging about 1.7 mm in width according to my measurements. Clypeus broad, its margins very rounded, there being no distinct ven- tral corners. Lateral corners of clypeus not very distinct, sloping rather gradually into moderately shallow antennal grooves. Parietal sclerites unmodified. Mandibular cheeks not appreciably grooved for reception of antennae; ventrodistal corners of stipites of mandibles abruptly angu- lar, the stipites being thus rather square distally but with distal margins very slightly concave. Eye patches subcircular, the eyes not arranged in distinct rows; about 17-20 eyes per patch. Labrum small, with 3 indis- tinct teeth assymetrically arranged. Clypeal setae 3 + 3; labral setae 5 + 3 (both counts based on only one specimen). Antennae very short and stout; second segment slightly longer than the others, slightly sur- passing lateral margins of clypeus; few small scattered setae on first 4 antennal articles, more distal articles densely hirsute; 4 antennal sensory cones. Gnathochilarium (Fig. 1) of the usual general spiroboloid con- struction, including an undivided prebasilare, but mentum (M) some- what distinctive in having distinctly swollen lateral areas at bases of stipites (S), these convex areas (ca) being partially set-off by indistinct grooves (apparently not sutures ); stipital setae 3 + 3. Collum not unusually large, covering only vertex of head, subtruncate laterally, the anterior corners much more pronounced than the posterior A New Family of Millipeds 135 corners; anterior margining ridges present but not pronounced. Second segment not produced ventrolaterally, bending abruptly mesad at level of lateral ends of collum. Tergites smooth, without rugulae but with a few scattered puncta; striae on extreme ventral portions only. Segmental suture extremely in- distinct, not marked by any external groove, visible only as an obscure light line in cleared specimens. Repugnatorial pores located more post- eriorly than in Spirobolidae, their exact location relative to the segmental suture being difficult to determine because of the obscure nature of the latter; apparently about a third of peritreme area of each pore is anterior to the line of the suture, and about two-thirds of peritreme area is post- erior to this line. I was unable to detect the suture itself in the immediate vicinity of the pore, and thus cannot say whether it curves around the pore anteriorly or posteriorly. Entire tergum of telson broadly triangular, its obtuse apex just reach- ing posterior border of anal valves, which are thus not visible from dorsal view. Valves with smoothly convex surfaces, these meeting evenly with no trace of anal lips and no reentrant angle. Coxae of third legs of males (Fig. 2) much produced ventrad; distal portions of lobes thus formed bent laterad. Coxae of fourth (Fig. 3) and fifth legs of males also produced ventrad forming lobes with narrowly rounded apexes, but these not bent laterad. Coxae of sixth legs only slightly produced; those of seventh legs not produced. All legs with very few ventral setae and no ventral pads. Claws 144—-% the length of the last podomeres. Postgenital bar forming a large ridge behind gonopod socket. The gonopods, so important in classification, have been well described and figured by Carl. I shall mention only a few details here. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the coxal endites of the coleopods are not uniformly scleratized; a heavily scleratized region runs along the mesial border of each endite, curves laterad along the base of the endite, then ventrad along the ventrolateral border, and ends at about the midpoint of this border. The portion of the endite enclosed by this heavier area is very thin, almost membranous. The sternum (S) is narrow, but the sternal apodemes (SA) are broad and each curves around onto the caudal face of the coleopod, thus enclosing a large mesial concavity. The “bride trachéenne” (BT), as Brdlemann (1914) calls it, is very well developed and is attached by a membrane directly to the telopodite, there being between them no well-defined posterior coxal bar (“fémoroids” of Bréle- mann) such as is seen in most families. The telopodites (T; shown in the figures pulled ventrolaterad from the normal position) are not closely united to the rest of the coleopod structure, but are connected to it only by membranes. The prominent condyle on the cephalolateral corner is shown in Figure 6, as is the unusual shape of the telopodite. Figure 7 shows the very stout, mesially concave apodeme of the coxal endite (CEA). Figures 4 and 5 show the phallopods, the details of which are more 136 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fics. 1-8 A New Family of Millipeds 137 easily understood from the drawings than from lengthly verbal descrip- tions. I shall here only call attention to the large expanded coxal piece (C) fused with the more strongly scleratized apodemal ridges (Ap); to the three separate endites of the telopodite (E,;, Ee, Es); and to the sep- arate and strongly scleratized plate (P) on the outer surface of the base of the telopodite. Insofar as Pocock (1908, Tab. 7, Fig. 8c) has shown the details of the phallopods of Allopocockia tylopus (Pocock), they seem to correspond closely with those here shown for Chelogonobolus nahuus, even to the shape of the distal portion of the second endite (Ege). It is this close similarity that prompts me to question the validity of the separate genera proposed for these two species. I have seen no female cyphopods of C. nahuus, but would predict that the cephalic and caudal plates will be found to be fused along a lateral suture, as seems to be typical in the Spirobolidea. Chelogonobolus atriculus (Pocock), new combination Spirobolellus atriculus Pocock, 1908, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Chilopoda and Diplopoda, p. 88, tab. 7, Figs. 9a-c. Discussion: Pocock’s description and drawings establish the fact that this form does not exhibit the characters of the male pregenital legs and coleopods which distinguish Allopocockia. It seems to resemble closely C. nahuus and to belong in Chelogonobolus. I can say nothing regarding the possible conspecificity of this Guatemalan species with the Mexican C. nahuus. FLORIDOBOLIDAE Floridobolus penneri Causey (Fig. 8) Floridobolus penneri Causey, 1957, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 70: 206, Figs. 1-3. Floridobolus penneri, Keeton, 1959, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 54: 2, Figs. 1-12, 14-16. Discussion: Both previous published accounts of this species were based on relatively few specimens. Recently, however, Thomas Eisner, of Cornell University, and his assistants Roger S. Payne, Benjamin Dane, and Ralph L. Ghent spent a week at the type locality, Archibold Biologi- cal Station, Lake Placid, Highlands County, Florida. There they col- lected a large series of F. penneri for use in physiological and behavioral studies in their laboratory at Cornell. They have given me 25 adult speci- mens (24 male, 1 female) from their series, and I wish to express my ap- preciation to them. These specimens make it possible to give more accu- rate information regarding several characters of this species. The number of segments shows less variation than is commonly en- countered in spiroboloid millipeds, the count varying from 47 to 51 but most specimens having 48 (16 of 25 specimens) or 49 (5 of 25 speci- mens), with an average of 48.3. Lengths of adults examined range from 138 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 mm to 92 mm (average 74.2 mm); widths from 10.0 mm to 12.8 mm (average 11.6 mm). The L/W ratios of adults over 70 mm long vary from 6.3 to 7.4, averaging 6.7; the same ratios for adults 60-69 mm long vary from 5.6 to 6.4, averaging 5.9; the average for all adults examined, regardless of size, is 6.4. The total number (both sides combined ) of clypeal foveae ranges from 5 in one specimen to 11 in two specimens, but most individuals have 8— 10, with an average of 9.1. In addition to the usual 4 or 5 such foveae on each side of the clypeus, most specimens have on each side .an addi- tional fovea-like depression or cleft located on the prominent ventral cor- ner of the clypeus; these do not bear setae and are not included in the counts given above. The total of labral setae varies from 13 to 24, with an average of 17.5. The number of eyes per patch is usually greater than in most spiro- bolids, ranging from 52-66 with an average of about 60. The convexity of the apex of the mentum of the gnathochilarium has been found to be constant and is thus a trustworthy key character. The structure of the gnathochilarium is in other respects of the typical spiro- boloid pattern. It should be mentioned here that well-formed cardines are present in this genus as well as in other members of the order Spiro- bolida, in spite of Attem’s statement (1926: 192) to the contrary (men- tioned by Hoffman and Orcutt, 1960: 101). These small sclerites often cannot be seen on the outer face of the gnathochilarium as each is cov- ered by a membrane located in the area between the base of the stipes and the basal corner of the mentum. If the entire mouthpart is removed from the head and viewed from the inner surface, the cardines are read- ily seen. As seems to be true of all spiroboloid species, each lingual la- mella bears two prominent setae. The number of macrosetae on the distal portion of each stipes varies from 6 to 11, with the total number averag- ing 16.3. - - : The knob-like productions on the distal portions of the ventral surfaces of the second podomeres of the walking legs apparently vary greatly, and they are often small and much less noticeable than I previously (1959, Fig. 4) indicated. My earlier interpretation of the structure of the male gonopods needs some revision in light of recent findings using cleared specimens. I indi- cated (1959: 6 and Figs. 10-12.) that there was only one posterior struc- ture of the coleopod, and considered this to be the posterior coxal bar, a telopodite not being present. In cleared specimens, however, a faint sutural line can be seen as indicated here in Figure 8. Apparently, then, the telopodite and posterior coxal bar have become fused together, the former thus being no longer movable. This condition is unique in the order so far as I know. Variation in the details of the distal portions of the phallopods seems to be very slight, although the expanded portion of the distolateral coxal surface shows much variation in extent. The basal sclerite is always present and is easily seen in cleared specimens. Eisner reports several interesting observations on the habits of this A New Family of Millipeds 139 species in the wild. Specimens were abundant between 9 and 14 Sep- tember 1959, under dead logs on sand. They were not common under logs that were buried more deeply in the sand. The species could only be found in areas where there were stands of woody plants, thus differ- ing from Narceus gordanus (Chamberlin) which was common in open sandy places where there were few such woody plants. The collectors are sure that F. penneri never burrowed deep into the sand in the man- ner typical of N. gordanus, the latter species making characteristic round tunnels, the mouths of which dotted sandy areas. F. penneri was often seen feeding on the fruiting bodies of the palmetto plants. Eisner notes that the species was far more common in September, 1959, than in late June, 1958, being as common as N. gordanus in September but much less common than that species in June. LITERATURE CITED Attems, Carl. 1926. Diplopoda, in Kiikenthal and Krumbach, Hand- buch der Zoologie, Vierter Band, erste Halfte, pp. 29-238, 245 figs. Brélemann, H. W. 1913. Un nouveau systéme de Spirobolides [Myria- poda. Diplopoda]. Bull. Soc. ent. France, 1913, pp. 476-478. 1914. Etude sur les Spirobolides. Ann. Soc. ent. France, 83: 1-38, 9 figs. Carl, J. 1919. Revision de quelques Spirobolides. Rev. Suisse Zool., 27: 377-404, 42 figs. Hoffman, R. L. and W. T. Keeton. 1960. A list of the generic names proposed in the diplopod order Spirobolida, with their type species. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 86: 1-26. Hoffman, R. L. and B. S. Orcutt. 1960. A synopsis of the Atopetholi- dae, a family of spiroboloid millipeds. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 111: 95-165, 12 figs. Keeton, W. T. 1959. A new family for the diplopod genus Florido- bolus (Spirobolida, Spirobolidea). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 54: 1-7, 16 figs. 1960. A taxonomic study of the milliped family Spiroboli- dae (Diplopoda: Spirobolida). Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., No. 17, 146 pp., 18 pls. Pocock, R.I. 1908. Diplopoda, in Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoo- logia, Chilopoda and Diplopoda, pp. 41-217, 12 pls. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Figs. 1-7, Chelogonobolus nahuus (Saussure and Humbert). Fig. 1.— gnathochilarium, right half. Fig. 2.—basal portion of right third leg, cephalic view. Fig. 3.—basal portion of right fourth leg, cephalic view. Fig. 4.—left phallopod, cephalic view. Fig. 5.—left phallopod, caudal view. Fig. 6.—left coleopod, cephalic view. Fig. 7.—left coleopod, caudal view (in both Figs. 6 and 7 the telopodite has been pulled out of 140 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington normal position). Fig. 8—Floridobolus penneri Causey, portion of left coleopod, caudal view, showing indistinct sutural line between telopo- dite and posterior coxal bar. Abbreviations: Ap—apodemal ridges, BT— bride trachéene, C—coxal piece, ca—convex area of mentum of gnatho- chilarium, CE—coxal endite, CEA—apodeme of coxal endite, Ei, Ee, E3 —endites of the telopodite, M—mentum, P—scleratized plate, S— stipes, SA—sternal apodeme, St—sternum, T—telopodite. S.fe..06 7 3 Vol. 73, pp. 141-146 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN THE WESTERN WOOD PEWEE (COCNTOPUS SORDIDULUS ) By Tuomas D. BuRLEIGH Branch of Wildlife Research, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. In March 1866, Elliott Coues published a paper on the birds of southern Arizona (A List of the Birds of Fort Whipple, Ari- zona, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., March 1866, 18: 39-100) in which he commented on the variation that he noted in his se- ries of skins of the western wood pewee. He states: “There has been made upon me an impression that there are two spe- cies. By far the majority of specimens are of the regulation Richardsonii type. A few others . . . differ in being all over of a more decided and uniform grayish brown; with less of olive above ... the breast more purely gray. The bird may be well described as a miniature of C. borealis. Prof. Baird has always, to me, verbis et literis, indicated his decided conviction that there are two species in the collection.” Many years later Robert Ridgway (Bull. U. S. Natl Mu- seum, No. 50, Part 4, 1907, pp. 521-524) expressed much the same opinion in discussing the characters of this species. In a footnote he comments as follows: “Although convinced, from intimate personal acquaintance of both in life, that this form and M. virens are specifically distinct I am at present unable to give a better diagnosis. The differences are more easily seen than described; but nevertheless it is often difficult to identify specimens as one or the other without doubt. It is not at all unlikely that this difficulty may be in part owing to the inclusion under the name richardsonii of what may be in reality two or three distinct forms; otherwise it is hard to ac- count for the unusual variations of coloration noticeable in a large series. The group is an exceedingly difficult one, which LniSe Sf -' \ se 29 PROC. BIOL. Soe! Waste. Vou. 73, 1960 (141) ‘ aN ¥ 142 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington will require not only a very large amount of material, but also much time and patience for its satisfactory elucidation.” Phillips and Parkes (Condor, 57(4): 244-246, July, Aug. 1955) comment on the fact that uncertainty has always existed as to the type of Contopus richardsonii (Tyrannula richard- sonii Swainson) and that study on their part has convinced them that the type specimen, no longer extant, was actually a Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) and not a Contopus. They base their conclusions on Swainson’s plate (Fauna Bor. Am. 1831: 146), representing an immature bird, stating that it “bears little or no particular resemblance to juvenal plumage Con- topus,’ and also on the measurements given that are those of Sayornis. This would place richardsonii in the synonomy of Sayornis phoebe, and in its place they suggest veliei, a name somewhat hesitantly suggested by Coues should the Arizona bird be considered distinct. This suggestion was subsequently approved by the A.O.U. Committee on Nomenclature, and appears in the 1957 Check-List. In connection with a detailed report on the birds of Idaho, I had occasion to examine critically a series of western wood pewees personally collected in various parts of this state. Not only did they appear to differ in appearance from specimens of veliei from east of the Continental Divide, but in the large series of Contopus sordidulus available in the collections of the National Museum, the considerable variation noted by both Coues and Ridgway was clearly evident. It appeared desir- able, therefore, to compare breeding birds from throughout the range of this species in the United States. Arranged geo- graphically it was apparent that not only did the western wood pewees of the Columbia Basin represent a distinct and unde- scribed race, but that, as suspected by both Coues and Ridg- way, there are two races occurring within the present accepted range of veliei as given in the 1957 Check-List. Accordingly, Contopus sordidulus north of the Mexican border is repre- sented by four recognizable races; these are as follows: Contopus sordidulus veliet Coues Characters: Upper parts fuscous-olive; throat grayish white, tinged with yellow; chest and sides of breast dark gray; belly pale yellow; under tail coverts whitish. Geographic Variation in the Western Wood Pewee 143 Measurements: Adult male (8 breeding specimens from Arizona): wing 82-89 (86.5) mm; tail 61-67 (63.8); exposed culmen 11-12 (11.5). Adult female (8 breeding specimens from Arizona): wing 79- 86.5 (82.1); tail 58-63 (60); exposed culmen 10—12.5 (11.1). Type: Adult male No. 36938, U. S. National Museum, Fort Whipple (Prescott), Arizona, 10 August 1864; Dr. E. Coues, original number 522. Distribution: Breeds from northern California, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado south through Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas to northern Baja California, eastern Sonora, and northern Chihuahua. Mi- grates south at least to Panama and probably winters in South America. Remarks: In commenting on the variation he noted in the series of specimens of the western wood pewee that he collected in Arizona, Coues called attention to the fact that the “majority” were characterized by the olive tone of the upper parts. Although he admitted being reluctant to describe a new race from the southwestern United States he nevertheless designated a type that he called veliei, with the type locality Fort Whip- ple. On rather inconclusive evidence, Phillips and Parkes (1955) reject Fort Whipple as the type locality, but as pointed out by Alexander Wet- more, in notes he has kindly placed at my disposal, they overlooked the specimen that had been selected by Coues. This bears a label on which is printed “Explorations in Arizona, Dr. Elliott Coues, U.S.A.,” and on which Coues has written in his own handwriting “Contopus veliei Coues 6 August 10/64,” adding in parentheses after Fort Whipple “(Prescott).” It was entered in the Museum catalog in March 1865, so it appears cer- tain that Coues had it available when he wrote his account under the heading Contopus richardsonii. In effect, therefore, Coues has desig- nated definitely the type locality. This specimen, although showing evi- dences of “foxing,” represents the olivaceous form typical of the breeding birds of Arizona, so Coues’ name is applicable to this breeding population. Specimens of Contopus sordidulus veliei examined: Total number 56 from the following localities: Texas: El Paso, 21 June 1889, 2; Presidio County, 10 June 1890, ¢; Fort Hancock, 14 June 1893, ¢; Fort Clark, 14 May 1898, ¢; Tascosa, 4 June 1899, ¢; Marathon, 13 May 1901, ¢; 15 May 1901, 9; 16 May 1901, 2; 18 May 1901, 6; Boquillas, 24 May 1901, ¢; Chisos Mts., 13 June 1901, 9; Frijole, 29 April 1939, ¢. Anr- ZONA: Fort Verde, 24 May 1884, ¢; Huachuca Mts., 4 May 1888, ¢; Rice, 20 May 1916, 4; Madera Canyon, Santa Cruz County, 6 August 1918, 2; Maricopa County, 10 June 1918, 4; Yuma County, 29 May 1918, 6; Mayer, 23 May 1927, 9; 24 May 1927, 2 64; 26 May 1927, 6; 29 May 1927, 9; Lukachukai Mts., 21 June 1927, ¢. New Mexico: Capitan Mts., 15 July 1903, 4; Tres Piedras, 31 July 1904, 9; Animas Peak, Grant County, 27 July 1908, 4; Zuni Mts., 16 June 1909, 9. CauirorniA: Mendocino County, 4 June 1889, ¢; Shasta County 9 June 1906, 4; Mt. Veeder, 23 August 1909, 9; Nevada City, 27 May 1911, 6; Truckee, 10 August 1940, 2. Nevapa: Glenbrook, 28 May 1889, 9; Mt. Magruder, 4 June 1891, ¢; Peavine, 1 June 1898, 9; Elko, 3 June 1898, 6. Uran: Pinto, Washington County, 14 June 1938, 9; 18 June 144 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 1938, 9; E. Pine Valley, Washington County, 15 June 1938, ¢; Silver Lake P. O., Salt Lake County, 12 June 1943, ¢; 19 June 1943, 9; 26 June 1943, ¢; Midway Fish Hatcheries, Wasatch County, 4 June 1944, dé; 7 June 1944, ¢; Big Glade, Wasatch County, 20 June 1946, ¢; Posy Lake, Garfield County, 10 June 1952, 9; Skull Valley, Tooele County, 14 June 1954, 2; Spring Canyon, Wayne County, 26 June 1956, 9. Cotorapo: Ft. Garland, 6 June 1873, ¢; Grand Junction, 28 June 1893, 6; Granby, 10 June 1910, 9; Lake Eldora, 26 June 1910, ¢; Boulder County, 29 June 1933, 2; 1 July 1933, ¢. Panama Cana ZONE: 12 October 1953, ¢. Contopus sordidulus amplus, new subspecies Characters: Similar to veliei but upper parts darker, and distinctly more brownish, less olivaceous; yellow of belly paler and approaching dull white in extreme specimens; wing and tail longer. Measurements: Adult male (10 breeding specimens from Wyoming and Montana): wing 89-93 (90.8) mm; tail 65-71 (67.6); exposed cul- men 10-13 (12). Adult female (6 breeding specimens from Wyoming and Montana): wing 82-88 (85.3) mm; tail 63-67 (64.5); exposed cul- men 10-12 (11.2). Type: Adult male No. 463925, U. S. National Museum (Fish and Wildlife Service collection), Havre, Montana, 12 August 1955; Thomas D. Burleigh, original number 16316. Distribution: Breeds from central Alaska, southern Mackenzie, Sas- katchewan, and southern Manitoba south through British Columbia and eastern Montana to Wyoming and in western North Dakota and extreme western South Dakota. Migrates through Costa Rica and Panama, and probably winters in South America. Remarks: Being a late migrant in the spring, amplus can be found well south of its breeding range at a time when its occurrence then would suggest nesting. It was this fact that caused the uncertainty as to the actual characters of the breeding wood pewees in Arizona when Coues, and later Ridgway, examined the series of presumably breeding birds, and noted the considerable variation in color. It is the latter part of May before western wood pewees can be found in any numbers on their more northern breeding grounds, and even at this late date belated individuals of amplus doubtless occur within the range of veliei. Specimens of Contopus sordidulus amplus examined: Total number 28, from the following localities: MONTANA: Ft. Keogh, 16 June 1889, no sex; Glasgow, 18 June 1910, 9; 21 June 1910, 6; Powder River, 15 June 1916, $; Moorhead, 22 June 1916, 2; Crow Agency, 11 July 1916, 6; Dillon, 9 August 1917, 6; Big Timber, 13 June 1917, ¢; Terry, 10 June 1918, ¢; Miles City, 5 July 1918, ¢; Lismas, 28 June 1919, 9; Havre, 12 August 1955, ¢. Wyomune: Greybull, 7 June 1910, 3 6 4; 8 June 1910, 9, ¢; 10 June 1910, ¢; 13 June 1910, 2; Bridge Peak, Sierra Madre Mts., 18 June 1911, 9; 20 June 1911, ¢; Pinedale, 25 July 1911, 9; Kendall, 28 July 1911, 9. Sourn Daxora: Buffalo Gap, 23 Geographic Variation in the Western Wood Pewee 145 June 1888, ¢. ALAsxKa: Ft. Egbert, 19 June 1901, ¢. British CoLum- BIA: Okanagan Landing, 13 May 1922, 2; Bulkley Lake, 29 July 1949, @. Costa Rica: Liberia, 30 October 1940, 9. PANAMA CANAL ZONE: 30 September 1953, 2; 9 October 1953, ¢. Contopus sordidulus siccicola, new subspecies Characters: This is the palest of the four races. It differs from both veliei and amplus in having the upper parts washed with gray, the gray of the under parts much paler and the yellow of the belly largely re- placed with dull white. In size it is similar to veliei, being smaller in both wing and tail measurements than amplus. Measurements: Adult male (10 breeding specimens from Idaho): wing 85-90 (87) mm; tail 62-65.5 (63); exposed culmen 11-13 (11.9). Adult female (6 breeding specimens from Idaho and eastern Washing- ton): wing 83-86 (84.5) mm; tail 60-65 (63.3); exposed culmen 11-12 CEES). Type: Adult male No. 420775, U. S. National Museum (Fish and Wildlife Service collection), Potlatch, Idaho, 19 May 1952, Thomas D. Burleigh, original number 14647. Distribution: Breeds in southern British Columbia east of the coast ranges, Washington east of the Cascades, Idaho, Oregon, and western Montana west of the Continental Divide. No specimens seen from south of the breeding area indicative of distribution in migration or winter. Remarks: In its characters, notably the gray of the upper parts, sic- cicola suggests the racial differences evident in the races of other species described from this region. This emphasizes the significance of the west- ern slopes of the northern Rocky Mountains as an area of morphological differentiation. In its distribution this new race is characterized by its disregard for altitude. In Idaho it has been found nesting at Lewiston, Nez Perce County, at an altitude of 840 feet (the lowest in the state), and at Galena Summit, Blaine County, at an altitude of 8,795 feet. Speci- mens taken at these extreme limits show no appreciable differences in color or size, and are in every respect typical of siccicola. Specimens of Contopus sordidulus siccicola examined: Total number 39, from the following localities: IpanHo: Moscow, 15 May 1948, ¢; 20 June 1948, 4; 10 July 1948, 4; 23 July 1948, 2imm. ¢ 4; 17 July 1949, 6; 25 August 1949, ¢ imm.; 30 August 1949, 2 imm.; 5 September 1949, 4 imm.; 7 September 1949, ¢ imm.; 18 May 1950, ¢@; 25 July 1951, 2; 14 September 1951, ¢ imm.; 18 September 1951, 9 imm.; 8 July 1952, 4; 18 May 1953, 4; 7 September 1957, ¢ imm.; 16 Septem- ber 1957, ¢ imm.; Potlach, 26 May 1949, 4; 19 May 1952, 4; Lewiston, 21 June 1950, 4; 28 July 1957, 2, ¢ imm.; Galena Summit, Blaine County, 26 June 1950, 9; MacKay, Custer County, 13 July 1958, 9. WaAsHINGTON: Bly, 3 June 1919, 9; Grand Ronde River, 14 June 1919, 9; Anatone, 26 June 1919, 9; Ferry Lake, 16 June 1942, 9; Palouse, 24 July 1949, 4; Pullman, 8 June 1951, 9; Spokane, 21 July 1955, 9; 7 August 1958, 9. Orecon: Disaster Peak, 14 June 1915, 2; Meacham, 146 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 July 1915, no sex indicated; Homestead, 4 June 1916, ¢; 6 June 1916, 2; Reston, 5 July 1916, 2; Po tland, 30 May 1954, 9. Contopus sordidulus saturatus Bishop Characters: This is the darkest of the four races. It most closely re- sembles amplus in the brown coloration of the upper parts, and is the least olivaceous of the fovr races. Compared with amplus the brown of the upper parts is noticeatly darker, the gray of the under parts darker and more extensive. In size it is similar to veliei, both the wing and tail being shorter than in amplus. Measurements: Adult male (5 breeding specimens from Oregon, Wash- ington, and British Columbia): wing 86-90 (88.6) mm; tail 61-66.5 (64); exposed culmen 10-12 (11.3). Adult female (5 breeding speci- mens from Washington and Oregon): wing 82.5-85 (84.2); tail 60-64 (61.5); exposed culmen 10-11 (10.6). Type: Adult male, Chicago Natural History Museum, Haines, Alaska, 2 June 1899; L. B. Bishop, original number 4142. Distribution: Breeds from southeastern Alaska south through western British Columbia, western Washington, including the Cascade Mountain area, western Oregon, and possibly the coast region of northwestern California. Migrates southward through Central America (Guatemala), probably wintering in South America. Remarks: For many years after it was described, saturatus was not considered a valid race by the Committee on Classification and Nomen- clature of the A.O.U. This was probably due to the uncertainty result- ing from the variation noted in supposedly breeding birds from various areas in the western United States. This situation results from the late date in the spring when transients can still be found well south of their breeding range. In common with so many species occurring in the north- west coastal area, Contopus sordidulus is characterized by a dark colora- tion and is quite distinct from breeding populations of this species east of the Cascades. Specimens of Contopus sordidulus saturatus examined: Total number 15 from the following localities: ALAsKA: Lake Mansfield, 18 July 1921, @. British CoLumsiA: Hazelton, 21 July 1918, ¢. WaAsHincTon: Mt. Vernon, 26 June 1897, ¢, 2; Blewett, 23 June 1941, 9; Soda Springs, 23 June 1946, 6; Yakima, 31 August 1951, ¢ imm. Orecon: Fort Kla- math, 15 July 1883, ¢; Diamond Lake, 10 August 1896, 2; Tillamook, 3 July 1897, 2; Maury Mts., 30 June 1896, ¢; Roseburg, 12 July 1955, @. CaxirorniA: Pacific Grove, 8 June 1909, 9. GuaTEMALa: Alote- nango, east base of Volcan de Fuego, 5 November 1936, 6; Panajachel, 14 November 1936, @. BS 7¢.0673 Vol. 73, pp. 147-154 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF ONE NEW GENUS, TWELVE NEW SPECIES AND THREE NEW SUBSPECIES OF SCYLLARID LOBSTERS (CRUSTACEA DECAPODA MACRURA) By L. B. HoLruuts Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden A study of the Scyllarid collections of the U. S. National Museum and some other institutions resulted in the discovery of a relatively great number of undescribed or unnamed taxa. As the publication of a proposed world-wide revision of the entire family containing full descriptions of these taxa will take some time, it was thought advisable to provide here pre- liminary descriptions of these new species and subspecies and of the new genus in order to make them known without delay. Ibacus ciliatus pubescens, new subspecies This subspecies is very close to the typical Ibacus ciliatus ciliatus (Von Siebold, 1824), but differs in that the adult specimens have the dorsal surface of the carapace and the abdomen covered with a short and dense pubescence; in the typical form this surface is quite naked in the adults. Furthermore the number of posterolateral teeth of the carapace (i.e., the teeth of the lateral margin behind the cervical incision) varies between 11 and 13 in the new subspecies, being usually 12. In the typical sub- species this number varies between 10 and 12, being usually 11. Distribution: The typical subspecies is known from Japan, China, For- mosa, and the Philippines, the new subspecies has so far only been found in the Philippines (depth 52 to 391 m). Holotype: A male specimen from “Albatross” Station D 5394, near Talajit Island, Philippines, 12° 00’ 30” N, 124° 05’ 36” E, 13 March 1909 (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. Crust. 104285). Parribacus caledonicus, new species The rostrum bears a blunt dorsal tooth. The posterior of the two an- terolateral teeth of the carapace is smaller than the anterior. The ante- rior part of the second to fifth abdominal somites (namely the part which 23—Proc. Brox. Soe. Wasu., Vor. 73, 1960 (147) per VL SS) tA, al ue 148 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington disappears under the previous somite when the abdomen is fully stretched ) is provided with distinct tubercles which have a fringe of very short stiff hairs along the posterior margin. The transverse groove be- tween the two halves of the abdominal somites is rather narrow and filled with short stiff hairs and tubercles. The median carina on the posterior half of the second to fifth abdominal somites is hardly if at all elevated above the level of the somite itself, at least in large specimens. The fourth segment of the antenna is usually provided with 7, seldom with 6, teeth on the outer margin (the final tooth of the segment not in- cluded). The pereiopods are shorter and less slender than those of Parri- bacus antarcticus (Lund, 1793). The first abdominal somite shows dor- sally in each half two large dark red lateral spots, which have an irregular outline and are partly fused anteriorly; a small red spot is present in the median line of the somite. All these spots are situated near the posterior margin; no other red spots are present on the somite. Distribution: So far the species is only known from New Caledonia where it is found on the reefs, being rather common there. Holotype: A female (c.l. 72 mm) from Ile des Pins, April-May 1960, leg. Dr. Merlet (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Cat. No. Crust. D. 14506). Parribacus scarlatinus, new species The rostrum bears a small sharp dorsal tooth. The posterior antero- lateral tooth of the carapace is slightly less strong than the anterior. The anterior part of the second to fifth abdominal somites is smooth and naked, showing at most a few inconspicuous reticular grooves. The trans- verse groove between the two halves of these abdominal somites is nar- row and filled with short hairs and tubercles. The median carina of the second to fifth abdominal somites is hardly at all elevated in the adults. The fourth antennal segment bears usually 6, seldom 5, external teeth (the final tooth of the segment excluded). The pereiopods are slender. The first abdominal somite shows dorsally five red spots on the posterior margin; no spots are placed in front of these five. The spots are irregu- lar in outline, not sharply defined and without a dark ring. Distribution: Kapingamarangi Atoll, Marshall, Gilbert, and Phoenix Islands. Holotype: A male (c.l. 66 mm) from Enderbury Island, Phoenix Archipelago, 3° 08’ 29.7” S, 171° 05’ 34.4” W, 19 May 1939, L. P. Schultz (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. Crust. 100826 ). Parribacus japonicus, new species The rostrum bears no dorsal tooth. The posterior of the two antero- lateral teeth of the carapace is only slightly smaller than the anterior. The anterior half of the second to fifth abdominal somites is practically smooth, sometimes with a few very shallow reticular grooves. The groove between the two halves of these somites is narrow and filled with short hairs and tubercles. The median carina of these somites is low and hardly Preliminary Descriptions of Scyllarid Lobsters 149 at all elevated above the surface of the somites. The fourth antennal segment has five external teeth (not including the final tooth of the seg- ment). The pereiopods are slender. The first abdominal somite shows dorsally one small median and on each half two large lateral dark colored spots. Distribution: Japan. Holotype: A male (c.l. 61 mm) from Kururi District, Tokyo Bay, March 1893, leg. F. Sakamoto (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. Crust. 18883). Scyllarus batei arabicus, new subspecies This new subspecies is closely related to the typical Scyllarus batei batei Holthuis, 1946, but differs mainly in the following points. The branchial region of the carapace is inflated so that the branchio-cardiac groove becomes distinct. The transverse groove on the first abdominal somite is well developed and only narrowly interrupted by the narrow median carina. The present new form has been reported upon under the name Scyl- larus orientalis (Bate) by Ramadan (1938, Sci. Rep. John Murray Exped., 5(5): 126, Fig. 2) and under the name Arctus orientalis Bate by Alcock and Anderson (1894, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 63(2): 165) and Alcock (1901, Descr. Catal. Indian Deep Sea Crust. Macr. Anom. p. 181). Distribution: The typical subspecies is known from the Philippines. The new subspecies inhabits the Arabian Sea. Holotype: A specimen from the Gulf of Aden (13° 16’ — 13° 16’ 36” N, 46° 20’ 24” — 46° 14’ E, depth 220 m, “John Murray” Expedition Sta. 194, 7 May 1934); the specimen forms part of the collection of the British Museum, London. Scyllarus modestus, new species The material from Hawaii which Rathbun (1906, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 23(3): 896, pl. 18, Fig. 2) identified as Scyllarus martensi Pfeffer proved to be distinct from, but nevertheless closely related to that species. The Hawaiian form differs from S. martensii in that the longi- tudinal grooves on the first abdominal somite are curved and _ partly branched instead of being straight and unbranched. Furthermore the median carinae of the second to fifth abdominal somites are hardly raised. The anterior half of the second to fifth somites is smooth in the present species, while in S. martensii they bear a transverse ciliated groove. The distal antennal segment bears 7 teeth in S. modestus, 5 in S. martensii. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands; 32-43, 43, and 53-220 fathoms. Holotype: An ovigerous female (c.]. 14 mm) from Mokuhooniki Islet N.3 E., 16.6’, Auau Channel, 12 April 1902, “Albatross” Sta. D. 3872 (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. Crust. 30263). Scyllarus aesopius, new species This is another species related to Scyllarus martensii but differing in 150 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington certain respects. A small but distinct rostral tooth is present. The longi- tudinal grooves of the first abdominal somite are not straight, but curved and branched. The anterior half of the second to fifth abdominal somites shows two or more transverse rows of tubercles. The median ridge of the second and third abdominal somites are conspicuously higher than those of the fourth; the ridge of the third somite being highest. The distal antennal segment bears seven broad anterior teeth which have the an- terior margin truncate. Holotype: A male (c.l. 11 mm) from the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, 4° 58’ 20” N, 119° 50’ 30” E, 9 or 18 fathoms, 24 February 1908, “Alba- tross” Sta. D. 5165 (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. Crust. 104528). No other speci- mens of this species have so far been examined. Seyllarus cultrifer meridionalis, new subspecies The species Scyllarus cultrifer (Ortmann, 1897) needs to be divided into two subspecies. Ortmann’s (1897, Zool. Jb. Syst., 10: 272) original description of Arctus cultrifer is a composite one, being based on its two subspecies and on Scyllarus bicuspidatus (De Man). By selecting the lectotype of Arctus cultrifer Ortmann from among the material collected by Déderlein from Tokyo Bay in 1880-1881, which material was reported upon by Ortmann, the Japanese form of the present species becomes the nominate subspecies. The southern subspecies is described here as new. This southern form in all probability is the one described by Bate (1888, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool., 24: 66, Pl. 9, Fig. 3) and Bamard (1926, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr., 13: 122, Pl. 10) under the names Arctus or Scyllarus sordidus and later reported upon by Barnard (1947, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (11)13: 382; 1950, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 38: 577, Fig. 104a) as Scyllarus cultrifer. The new subspecies S. c. meridionalis differs from S. cultrifer cultrifer in that the posterior part of the postrostral carina lacks squamiform sculpture but instead has a number of transverse hairy ridges. The pos- terior half of the first abdominal somite in S. c. meridionalis possesses more longitudinal grooves, every other pair of which is connected by transverse grooves. The fourth abdominal somite shows no median in- cision in the posterior margin. The anterior part of the sternum is wider than in S. c. cultrifer and is not gutter-like depressed, showing only a median longitudinal groove. Distribution: If Bate’s and Barnard’s specimens belong to this form, it inhabits the Philippines, the Moluccas, and S. E. Africa. Holotype: A female (c.]. 22 mm) from the Philippines, 11° 35’ 12” N, 124° 13’ 48” E, 114 fathoms, 15 March 1909, “Albatross” Sta. D. 5398 (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. Crust. 104525). Scyllarus timidus, new species In discussing the material which he identified with Scyllarus cultrifer (Ortmann), Holthuis (1946, Temminckia, 7: 93, Pl. 8, Figs. c-e) men- tioned several differences with the descriptions of Ortmann’s species Preliminary Descriptions of Scyllarid Lobsters 151 given by previous authors. Actual comparison of the true S. cultrifer with Holthuis’ form showed that the differences between the two are of a specific nature. The name Scyllarus timidus is proposed here for the form described and figured by Holthuis (1946). This species indeed is closest related to S. cultrifer but may at once be distinguished from it by lacking the sharp anteroventral tooth on the propodus of the third pereiopod. Distribution: Sulu Archipelago (Philippines), and Hawaii. Holotype: A male (c.l. 18 mm) from Basilan Strait, Sulu Archipelago, 6° 58’ N, 121° 52.5’ E, depth 72-80 m, 5 September 1929, “Snellius” Expedition Sta. 60° (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Cat. No. Crust. D. 14507). Scyllarus nearctus, new species The specimens reported under the name Scyllarus arctus from Ameri- can Atlantic waters prove to be closely related to, but nevertheless dis- tinct from the true European Scyllarus arctus (Linnaeus, 1758). These American specimens represent a new species for which the name Scyllarus nearctus is proposed here. The differences from the true Scyllarus arctus are the following: The rostral tooth of the carapace is directed forward and hardly at all upward. The cardiac tooth and the posterior postrostral carina are less conspicuous. The abdominal pleurae are more slender, the anterior margin of the pleuron of the second somite is less convex. The anterior margin of the antennular somite bears only two teeth and en- tirely lacks the two to four additional smaller teeth found in S. arctus. The teeth of the distal antennal segment have the tips more narrowly rounded and the spaces between them are wider. The color of preserved specimens is very pale cream with a darker color pattern. Distribution: Atlantic coast of America from North Carolina (U.S.A. ) to Sdo Paulo State (Brazil); depth 30-100 fathoms. Holotype: A female (c.l. 20 mm) from south of Dry Tortugas, Florida, 28 July 1932, W. L. Schmitt (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. Crust. 104502). The specimen reported by Rathbun (1900, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 22: 309) from Mazatlan, west coast of Mexico, proves to be a typical S. arc- tus, and is probably labelled incorrectly as to the locality. Scyllarus ornatus, new species Reexamination of material from off the Arabian coast (18° 03.5’ N, 57° 02.5’ E, depth 38 m) collected by the “John Murray” Expedition and reported upon by Ramadan (1938, Sci. Rep. John Murray Exped. 5(5): 126) as Scyllarus arctus paradoxus Miers, shows that it repre- sents a new species. This species is indeed very close to Scyllarus para- doxus Miers but differs in certain points. Scyllarus ornatus is a rather small species (c.]. 7-8 mm). It differs from S. paradoxus by possessing a distinct rostral tooth. The anterior margin of the sternum shows a U- rather than a V-shaped emargination. The posterolateral angles of the thoracic sternum are not produced tooth-like in the male. In the pres- 152 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ence of a strong pointed median tooth on the last thoracic sternite, the present species resembles S. paradoxus and differs from most other spe- cies of the genus. Syntypes: The species so far is known only from the specimens which were collected by the “John Murray” Expedition at its Sta. 45, and at present are preserved in the collection of the British Museum, London. Scyllarus chacei, new species Under the name Scyllarus americanus (Smith) two species have cur- rently been confused. The true Scyllarus americanus is known to inhabit the Atlantic coast of the U.S.A. from North Carolina to Florida, and the eastern Gulf of Mexico, including Cuba; it has been found in depths be- tween 0 and 19 (usually between 3 and 12) fathoms. The other species, for which the name Scyllarus chacei is proposed here, has a far wider range, which extends from North Carolina to northeastern Brazil and throughout the Caribbean area; it is found in greater depths (usually 19 to 31 fathoms ). Scyllarus chacei has been extensively described and well figured by Bouvier (1925, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 47(5): 448—450, PI. 7, Fig 3), who identified his specimen as Scyllarus americanus, though he already noticed differences between it and a type specimen of Scyllarus americanus. Fenner A. Chace, Jr., Curator, Division of Marine Inverte- brates, U. S. National Museum, was the first to draw my attention to the fact that the differences between this form and S. americanus are of a specific nature; it is therefore a great pleasure for me to dedicate this new species to him. The main differences between Scyllarus chacei and S. americanus are the following: The pregastric tooth of the carapace (i.e., the first med- ian tooth following the rostral tooth) is practically always bilobed in the latter species, while in S. chacei it is broadly rounded anteriorly, never being incised there. Between the posterior marginal groove of the carapace and the posterior margin there are two, seldom three, distinct parallel transverse grooves in S. chacei, whereas S. americanus usually has a single distinct groove. In S. americanus the first to fourth abdom- inal somites show a deep, narrow, median incision in the posterior mar- gin; this incision is very shallow in S. chacei. The fourth abdominal so- mite is more or less ridge-like elevated in the median line in S. ameri- canus; no such ridge is present in S. chacei. Holotype: A female specimen (c.l. 10 mm) from north-northwest of the mouth of the Marowijne River, about 20 miles off the coast of Suri- name, 29 April-3 May 1957, third voyage of the “Coquette” (Rijksmu- seum van Natuurlijke Historie, Cat. No. Crust. D. 13169). Seyllarides astori, new species The dorsal surface of the carapace is rather evenly arched, showing hardly any elevations or teeth; its grooves are wide and not very deep. The cervical incision of the lateral margin is absent or indistinct. There Preliminary Descriptions of Scyllarid Lobsters 153 is no median carina on the second to fifth abdominal somites, though there may be a median row of larger tubercles there. The basal part of the posterior margin of the pleura of the second abdominal somite is con- cave. The carpus of the first pereiopod shows no dorsal carinae, and is not conspicuously swollen. The sternite of the first abdominal somite is serrate in the male, but the median incision is not deeper than the others. The eyes show longitudinal color stripes on the peduncle. The smooth area of the first abdominal somite has two large, almost circular lateral spots of a dark red color. The area between these spots is yellowish with numerous much smaller red spots, which are placed closest together in the median area but do not actually form a big spot there. The species is closest to Scyllarides aequinoctialis (Lund) but may immediately be distinguished from that species by the shape of the carpus of the first leg, which is swollen basally in S. aequinoctialis, and by the different coloration of the first abdominal somite, which in that species shows a horseshoe-shaped median dark spot. Distribution: The species proves to be rather common in the Galapagos Archipelago whence a fairly great number of adults and postlarvae have been collected. Apart from a postlarva found 200 miles north of Clipper- ton Island, the species is not known from outside the Galapagos. Holotype: A male (c.l. 116 mm) from Post Office Bay, Charles Island, Galapagos Archipelago, 5 February 1933, Allan Hancock Expedition (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. Crust. 104557). Seyllarides delfosi, new species This species has been figured and discussed by Holthuis (1959, Zool. Verhand. Leiden 44: 127, Pl. 3, Fig. 2), who with some doubt identified his specimen as Scyllarides americanus Verrill, 1922. Scyllarides delfosi differs from the true S. americanus—the correct name of which is Scyl- larides nodifer (Stimpson, 1866)—in the following points. The median carinae of the abdomen are absent in the new species. The fourth ab- dominal somite of juvenile specimens of S. nodifer forms a conspicuous hump, while such a hump is absent in the juvenile specimen of S. delfosi seen by me. The new species agrees with S. nodifer, and differs from other species in which the median carinae of the abdomen are absent, in that there is a longitudinal row of large pointed tubercles on the bran- chial region of the carapace. Distribution: Off British and Dutch Guiana, South America; depth 23-44 fathoms. Holotype: The male specimen (c.]. 63 mm) from off the Suriname coast (6° 41’ N, 55° 26.5’ W, depth 23 fathoms, bottom mud, shells, and coral) dealt with by Holthuis, 1959 (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Cat. No. Crust. D. 12735). The new species is named in honor of J. A. G. Delfos of the Rijks- museum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, in recognition of his excellent work in the interest of the division of Crustacea of the Museum. 154 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Arctides, new genus The body is rather highly arched and not depressed, resembling thereby that of Scyllarides Gill, 1899. The carapace shows a shallow cervical, but no postcervical incision in the lateral margin. The first ab- dominal somite bears an uninterrupted transverse dorsal groove. The following somites show complicated sculpture in the posterior half. The distal antennal segment bears many distinct teeth. The mouth parts and the branchial formula are identical with those of Scyllarides. So far the species of this genus have been placed in the genus Scyllari- des, which indeed is closely related, but which differs in the characters of the abdomen and antennae mentioned above. Distribution: Atlantic (Bermuda, West Africa) and Pacific regions (Eastern Australia ). Type species: Scyllarus guineensis Spengler, 1799. The only other species of this genus known so far is the following new species. Arctides antipodarum, new species Until 1922 both the Australian and Bermudan specimens of Arctides were generally referred to as Scyllarus sculptus Latreille. Then Verrill (1922, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., 26: 30) pointed to differences between the two forms and described the Atlantic one as a new variety bermudensis. A comparison of the various descriptions with material of both species makes it clear that Scyllarus guineensis Spengler (1799), Scyllarus sculptus Latreille (1818) and Scyllarides sculptus bermudensis Verrill (1922) are all three based on the Atlantic form and that no name is available for the Australian form, for which the name antipodarum is now proposed. An extensive, accurate, and illustrated description of Arctides antipo- darum was provided by Whitelegge (1899, Rec. Australian Mus., 3(6): 155-162, pl. 29) who indicated the species by the name Scyllarus sculp- tus. The differences between Arctides antipodarum and A. guineensis are slight. In A. antipodarum the teeth on the distal segment of the an- tenna are far smaller than in A. guineensis, especially those on the inner half; the difference in size between the inner and outer teeth is far less conspicuous than in the type species of the genus. The abdomen of A. antipodarum is more uniformly tuberculated than that of A. guineensis; because of this tuberculation the characteristic sculpture pattern of the abdomen is rather inconspicuous in the new species. Distribution: East coast of Australia. Holotype: A male (c.l. 102 mm) from off Malabar, New South Wales, Australia, depth 80 fathoms, March 1956, leg. A. A. Racek (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Cat. No. Crust. D. 10648). 57+. 0673 Vol. 73, pp. 155-166 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON THE OSBORN MALLOPHAGA TYPES By K. C. EMERSON Stillwater, Oklahoma For more than ten years, I have conducted an extensive search for the type material of the Mallophaga species de- scribed by Herbert Osborn. All possible clues as to the loca- tion of this material, given in his published papers, have been explored. Of the forty-one species described by Osborn, the holotype or syntypes for thirty-four species have been located. Some syntypes are known to be at Stanford University, and are not reported in this paper. When visiting with the late G. F. Ferris in January 1941, I examined syntypes of Colpo- cephalum kelloggi Osborn. Since the death of Ferris, the Mal- lophaga Collection at Stanford University has not been placed in proper order so that it is possible to determine if other Os- born type material is present. I suspect that if there is other Osborn type material in that collection, it will be a portion of some of the larger series, and not be type material of the seven species still unaccounted for. Osborn apparently distributed to Kellogg, at Stanford University, and to the U. S. National Museum duplicates from the larger series that he collected. For the smaller series, he either retained the material in his collection, or returned it to the individuals and institutions mentioned in his papers. Therefore, it is believed that types for seven species are no longer in existence. In the designation of lectotypes, first preference has been given to the material at Ohio State University, since this was Osborn’s Collection. The slides in the Ohio State University Collection have small “type” or “cotype” labels which appar- ently were added sometime after the descriptions were pub- lished, as they do not correspond to published data and are not present on the slides in other collections. Most of the ma- Lf 244-Proe. Bior. Soc. Wasu., Vor. 73, 1960 (155) a | f a 156 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington terial from the Boston Society of Natural History is now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Some of the material pro- vided by L. Bruner is now in the collection of M. A. Carriker. None of the material supplied by C. F. Baker is now at Colo- rado State University. The material originally from Iowa State University and Cornell University, which is unaccounted for, is assumed to be lost. Museum authorities at these two institutions have been unable to locate the specimens. All hosts have been verified by comparison with known collections, and except as noted are correct as given in the original description. The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance provided by: Theresa Clay, British Museum (Natural History); G. H. E. Hopkins, Zoological Museum, Tring, England; J. N. Knull, Ohio State University; P. J. Darlington, Jr.. Museum of Com- parative Zoology; C. F. W. Muesebeck, U. S. National Mu- seum; Edward D. Pearce, 2nd, Boston Society of Natural His- tory; R. L. Edwards, Woods Hole, Massachusetts; Jean L. Laffoon, Iowa State University; and M. A. Carriker, Santa Marta, Columbia. Colpocephalum kelloggi Osborn. 1902. Ohio Naturalist, 2: 175, pl. II, Fig. 2. Osborn recorded the type series from Ames, Iowa, and Lincoln, Ne- braska; and illustrated a female in the description. Ohio State Univer- sity has two slides from Lincoln, Nebraska, which have a total of seven males, fourteen females and five nymphs; and from Ames, Iowa, there are three slides with a total of five males, five females and ten nymphs. The female on a slide with four nymphs from Ames, Iowa, dated 21 April 1890 is designated Lectotype. Present status: Colpocephalum kelloggi Osborn, 1902. Colpocephalum pectinatus Osborn. 1902. Ohio Naturalist, 2: 201, pl. 14, Fig. 2. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. He illustrated a female. Ohio State University has five females and eight nymphs. The female located in the lower right portion of the slide is designated Lectotype. Present status: Kurodaia pectinata (Osborn, 1902). Docophorus agelaii Osborn. 1896. Bull. U.S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 220. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. Ohio State University has one male, three females and three nymphs. The male in the Ohio State University Collection is designated Lecto- Notes on the Osborn Mallophaga Types 157 type. M. A. Carriker has one male. The Museum of Comparative Zool- ogy has slide number 194 with one nymph; and slide number 195 with one male, one female, and one nymph. Present status: Philopterus agelaii (Osborn, 1896). Docophorus barbatus Osborn. 1902. Ohio Naturalist, 2: 201, pl. 14, Fig. 1. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. He illustrated a female. Emerson (1955) noted that the true host is Asio otus wilsonianus (Lesson). Ohio State University has two slides. One slide with four males, four females and two nymphs. The other slide has two males, two females and one nymph. The female located in the upper right portion of the latter mentioned slide is designated Lectotype. Present status: Strigiphilus barbatus (Osborn, 1902). Docophorus bubonis Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 219. Ohio State University has a slide with one male and one female, which are the two specimens recorded by Osborn. The male is designated Lectotype. Two species of Strigiphilus are found on Bubo virginianus (Gmelin). Osborn’s types are conspecific with S. oculatus (Rudow, 1870), therefore the form with the narrow forehead found on this host has not been described. Carriker (1958) designated specimens as “neo- paratypes” of S. oculatus (Rudow, 1870). Since he did not establish a neotype, his action is not valid. Present status: A synonym of Strigiphilus oculatus (Rudow, 1870). Docophorus coccygi Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 222, Fig. 143. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. A female was illustrated. Ohio State University has one slide with two males, two females, and one nymph with collection date of 30 May 1890. The female located in the bottom center of the slide is designated Lecto- type. M. A. Carriker has two males with collection date of 29 May 1890. Present status: Cuculoecus coccygii (Osborn, 1896). Docophorus corvi Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 220, Fig. 142. (not Linnaeus, 1758). Philopterus osborni Edwards. 1952. Psyche, 59: 27. (Nomen novum). Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. A female was illustrated. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has slide number 27344(242) with one female and two nymphs, slide number 27344 (243) with one male and one nymph, and slide number 27344( 248) with three females. The female on slide number 27344(242) is desig- nated Lectotype. Ohio State University has one male with collection data “Crow, Ft. Collins, Colorado, Monroe Co., Ind., 7-12-92, R. M. Harve, 35, C. F. B.” Even though this slide bears a “type” label, it is not a syntype because there is no reference to it in the original description. Present status: Philopterus ocellatus oshorni Edwards, 1952. 158 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Docophorus fusco-ventralis Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 221. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has slide number 27342(244) with two males, one female, and one nymph. The female on slide number 27342(244) is designated Lectotype. The Museum of Comparative Zo- ology also has slide number 27342(250) with two males, two females and two nymphs from “Tyrannus (Muscicapa) atra” which are not con- specific with the lectotype and bear collection data not mentioned in the description. Therefore, the specimens on slide number 27342(250) are not syntypes despite the fact that the slide is labeled “type.” Present status: Philopterus fuscoventralis (Osborn, 1896). Docophorus halieti Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 218. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. Ohio State University has a slide with two females and one male. The male is designated Lectotype. Present status: Craspedorrhynchus halieti (Osborn, 1896). Docophorus minuto-trabeculatus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent., 59g DAI The type material for this species could not be located. Hopkins and Clay (1952) consider it to be a synonym of Rallicola advenus (Kellogg, 1896). Docophorus phaétonus Osborn. 1890. In Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu- seum, 12: 189. The type material for this species could not be located. Hopkins and Clay (1952) consider the present status of this species to be Saemunds- sonia phaétona (Osborn, 1890). Docophorus quiscali Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (ns.), 5: 219, Fig. 141. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. A female was illustrated. Ohio State University has a slide with one female and one nymph. The female is designated Lectotype. Present status: Philopterus quiscali (Osborn, 1896). Docophorus sialii Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 220. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. Ohio State University has a slide with one male, two females, and four nymphs. The male is designated Lectotype. This slide bears a collection date of 21 March 1874. Present status: Philopterus sialii (Osborn, 1896). Docophorus speotyti Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 222, Fig. 144. Osborn recorded one male and one female from Lincoln, Nebraska, and two males and two females from Fort Collins, Colorado. He illus- Notes on the Osborn Mallophaga Types 159 trated a female. M. A. Carriker has one female collected at Lincoln, Nebraska, 17 April 1890 which is designated Lectotype. Ohio State Uni- versity has one male from Lincoln, Nebraska, collected on 16 April 1890. In addition, Ohio State University has four females with collection data “Burrowing Owl, Ft. Collins, Colo., 4-13-92, C. F. Baker Coll., CFB. 25.” Either Osborn made a mistake in recording the sex of these specimens, or they are not syntypes. For that reason, the female in Carriker’s Collection is designated Lectotype. Present status: Strigiphilus speotyti (Osborn, 1896). Lipeurus botauri Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 234. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. Ohio State University has one female collected at Ames, Iowa. This specimen is considered the Holotype. Present status: Ardeicola botauri (Osborn, 1896). Lipeurus infuscatus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 234, pl. Il, Figs. e and f. Osborn recorded four specimens, all of which are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Edwards (1952) discussed this material and des- ignated the male on slide number 27343( 334) as Lectotype. Present status: Rhynonirmus infuscatus (Osborn, 1896). Lipeurus marginalis Osborn. 1902. Ohio Naturalist, 2: 176. Osborn recorded two females from Ames, Iowa. Ohio State University has a slide with two nymphs, which obviously would have been females upon reaching maturity. The specimen located on the bottom portion of the slide is designated Lectotype. Present status: Falcolipeurus marginalis (Osborn, 1902). Menopon alternatum Osborn. 1902. Ohio Naturalist, 2: 175, pl. II, Fig. 1. Osborn recorded the type series as being from Ames, Iowa, and Lin- coln, Nebraska; but did not note the number of specimens. He illustrated a male. Ohio State University has a slide with one male, one female, and one nymph collected at Lincoln, Nebraska, 23 June 1891. The male on this slide is designated Lectotype. Present status: Cuculiphilus alternatus (Osborn, 1902). Menopon expansum Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 245, pl. I, Fig. j. Osborn recorded and illustrated a female on slide number 67. This specimen, on slide number 67, is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Although the host is given in the original description and on the slide as Dolichonyx eryzivorus, the specimen is not a species found on passerine hosts but is an Austromenopon and agrees perfectly with specimens of A. aegialitidis (Durrant, 1906) from Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus, The draft Internationtal Rules of Zoological Nomenclature passed by 160 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington the 15th Int. Congress Zool. contains provision that a senior synonym which has been unused in the primary zoological literature for more than 50 years shall be considered a nomen oblitum and shall not be used to replace its junior synonym until after reference to the Commission, who will either place it on the Index of Rejected Names or on the Official List. Menopon expansum, having been unused for 64 years, comes under this provision and must not be used in place of Austromenopon aegialiti- dis (Durrant, 1906) in use for 54 years. Menopon fusco-marginatus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 245. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has slide number 258 with one male, one female, and one nymph; slide number 264 with one male, and two females; and slide number 265 with one male and three nymphs. The male on slide number 264 is designated Lectotype. Present status: Myrsidea fuscomarginata (Osborn, 1896). Menopon interruptus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 245, pl. II, fig. h. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. A male was illustrated. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has slide number 45 with one male; slide number 51 with one male, one female, and one nymph; slide number 142 with one male, one female, and one nymph; slide number 249 with three nymphs; slide number 257 with one male and two females; slide number 259 with one male, one female, and one nymph; slide number 260 with two males and one female; and slide number 261 with one male and two nymphs. The male on slide number 259 is designated Lectotype. Present status: Myrsidea interrupta (Osborn, 1896). Nirmus abruptus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 229, pl. II, Fig. c. Osborn recorded one adult and one nymph, and illustrated a female. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has slide number 27338(307) with one female and one nymph. Host data on the slide is “Perdix ameri- canus.” The female is designated Lectotype. Hopkins and Clay (1952) correctly noted that these specimens are stragglers from some member of Icteridae. Present status: Briielia abrupta (Osborn, 1896). Nurmus cordatus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 228, pl. II, Fig. a. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has slide number 27336( 329), with one female and one nymph, as recorded by Osborn. Edwards (1952) has discussed and illustrated this material. The female is desig- nated Lectotype. Present status: Rotundiceps cordatus (Osborn, 1896). Notes on the Osborn Mallophaga Types 161 Nirmus marginatus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 228, pl. II, Fig. b. (not Burmeister, 1838). Degeeriella marginatulus Harrison. 1916. Parasitology, 9: 117. (Nomen novum ). Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. A female was illustrated. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has slide number 27339(326) with three females. The female located on the right side of the slide is designated Lectotype. Present status: Picicola marginatulus (Harrison, 1916). Nirmus ornatissimus var. xanthocephali Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 224. The type material for this species could not be located. Hopkins and Clay (1952) consider the present status of this species to be Briielia xanthocephali (Osborn, 1896). Nirmus orpheus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 227. Osborn recorded two males which are on the Museum of Comparative Zoology slide number 27340(312). The host listed on the slide is “Or- pheus carolinensis.” The male located on the top portion of the slide is designated Lectotype. Present status: Picicola orpheus (Osborn, 1896). Nirmus pallidus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 227. (not Piaget, 1880). Degeeriella pallidula Harrison. 1916. Parasitology, 9: 120. (Nomen novum ). Ohio State University has a slide with four nymphs which were re- corded by Osborn. These specimens are too young for specific determin- ation beyond the fact that they belong to the genus Briielia. Present status: Briielia pallidula ( Harrison, 1916). Nirmus parallelus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (ns.), 5: 229, pl. I, Fig. d. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. A male was illustrated. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has slide number 27336(323) with three females; slide number 317 with one male and three females; and slide number 318 with three females. The male on slide number 317 is designated Lectotype. Present status: A synonym of Quadraceps hiaticulae boephilus (Kel- logg, 1896). Nirmus picturatus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 226. The type material for this species could not be located. Hopkins and Clay (1952) consider the present status of this species to be Briielia picturata (Osborn, 1896). Nirmus rotundatus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 226. Osborn recorded only one specimen, which could not be located. 162 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Ansari (1957) considers the present status of this species to be Briielia rotundata (Osborn, 1896 ). Nirmus secondarius Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 227. The type material for this species could not be located. Clay (1958) stated “It is not possible to assign this species with certainty to the Degeeriella; if the types are no longer in existence the name should be discarded as a nomen dubium.” Nirmus tyrannus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 228. Osborn recorded two females in the type series. The Museum of Com- parative Zoology has slide number 27341(313) with two females. The female on the top portion of the slide is designated Lectotype. These specimens are stragglers from Chordeiles minor (Forster) and are con- specific with material from that host. Present status: A synonym of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896). Physostomum hastatum Osborn. 1896. Ohio Naturalist, 2: 203, pl. 14, Fig. 3. Osborn recorded two females from Junco hyemalis oregonus which could not be located. He also recorded one female from Junco aikeni, which is on a slide at Ohio State University; and which is herewith des- ignated Lectotype. Present status: Ricinus hastatus (Osborn, 1902). Physostomum lineatum Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 248. Osborn recorded three specimens, none of which could be located. Hopkins and Clay (1952) consider the present status of this species to be Ricinus lineatus (Osborn, 1896). Trichodectes castoris Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 241, Figs. 149a-d. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. Both sexes were illustrated. The University of Nebraska has five females, three males, and two nymphs. The United States National Museum has seven females and seven males. Ohio State University has three males, two females and three nymphs; the male located on the left center por- tion of this slide is designated Lectotype. All slides bear the additional data “Lincoln, Nebr., Nov. 17, 1890.” These specimens are stragglers from Mephitis mephitis hudsonica Richardson and are conspecific with material from that host. Present status: A synonym of Neotrichodectes mephitidis (Packard, 1873). Trichodectes geomydis Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent., 7: 54, Fig. 42. Osborn did not record the number of specimens in the type series. A Notes on the Osborn Mallophaga Types 163 male was illustrated. Ohio State University has one slide with four fe- males and two males. The male in the lower right position on the slide is designated Lectotype. Present status: Geomydoecus geomydis (Osborn, 1896). Trichodectes mephitidis Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 242, Figs. 150a-f. (not Packard, 1870). Neotrichodectes osborni Keler. 1944. Stettin. ent: Ztg., 105: 182. (No- men novum ). Osborn recorded type material from three collections. The series from “Polecat, Spilogale interrupta, Tama County, Iowa” was described and illustrated. Since this form is not conspecific with T. mephitidis Packard, 1870, Keler (1944) published Neotrichodectes osborni as a nomen no- vum; thereby restricting the name to the form found on this host. The series has not been located, so the designation of a Lectotype cannot be accomplished at this time. Osborn also recorded type material from “Mephitis mephitica, Holt Co., Nebraska,” which has been located as follows: University of Ne- braska—nine females, two males, and thirty-two nymphs; and Ohio State University—one male, one female, and six nymphs. He also recorded specimens from Mephitis mephitica from “Palo Alto, California, Johnson Collection.” Iowa State University has six males, sixteen females and one nymph with collection data “Meph. meph., Palo Alto, Calif., June 26, 1893, W. G. J.” which are probably this series. All specimens from “Mephitis mephitica” are conspecific with Neotrichodectes mephitidis (Packard, 1870). Trichodectes nasuatis Osborn. 1896. Ohio Naturalist, 2: 178, pl. II, Fig. 3. Osborn recorded three females and one nymph, which are on a slide at Ohio State University. The female located on the upper left portion of the slide is designated Lectotype. Present status: A synonym of Neotrichodectes pallidus (Piaget, 1880). Trichodectes parallelus Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 240, Fig. 148. Osborn recorded three females received from J. H. Comstock of Cor- nell University. Ohio State University has a slide with three teneral fe- males. The collection data on the slide are “Deer, Ithaca, N. Y., 12 Aug. 86, L. Pearson, Coll., From Cornell Univ.” The uppermost specimen, also in the center, is designated Lectotype. The types of Trichodectes odoecoilei McGregor have been examined, and are conspecific with these specimens. The specimens that Peters (1930) referred to as T. parallelus Osborn are probably those that Osborn identified and illustrated as Trichodectes tibialis (Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 240, Fig. 147) since that series contained both males and females. Present status: Tricholipeurus parallelus (Osborn, 1896). 164 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Trichodectes thoracicus Osborn. 1902. Ohio Naturalist, 2: 178, pl. II, Fig. 4. Osborn did not record the number of type specimens. A female was illustrated. Ohio State University has one slide with two males, three females, and two nymphs. The female located in the top center portion of the slide is designated Lectotype; the collection data are “Mar. 3, Lake Co., Calif. W. G. Johnson.” Iowa State University has eight males, fifteen females and seven nymphs on three slides with collection data “Bassaris, Ringtail or Racoon Fox, Lake Port, Lake Co., Calif., 4 Mch 93, W. G. Johnson.” Present status: Neotrichodectes thoracicus (Osborn, 1902). Trinoton minor Osborn. 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 248. Osborn recorded a female on slide number 102, which is in the Mu- seum of Comparative Zoology. The specimen is a nymph, and not a female. It is in such poor condition that a satisfactory comparison could not be made with specimens from Oidema nigra, the type host. Present status: Trinoton minor Osborn, 1896. LITERATURE CITED Ansari, M. A. R. 1957. A revision of the Briielia (Mallophaga) species infesting the Corvidae, Part II. Bull. B. M. (NH), Ent., 5(4): 145-182. Carriker, M. A. 1958. On a small collection of Mallophaga from the United States, with descriptions of three new species. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 60: 167-174. Clay, T. 1958. Revisions of Mallophaga genera. Degeeriella from the Falconiformes. Bull. B. M. (NH), Ent. 7(4): 123-207. Edwards, R. L. 1952. Notes on some of Osborn’s Mallophaga types and the description of a new genus, Rotundiceps (Philopteri- dae). Psyche, 59: 26-30. Emerson, K. C. 1955. A note on the identity of Strigiphilus barbatus (Osborn). Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., 28: 144-145. Harrison, L. 1916. The genera and species of Mallophaga. Parasit- ology, 9: 1-156. Hopkins, G. H. E. and T. Clay. 1952. A check list of the genera and species of Mallophaga. London. 362 pp. Keler, S. 1944. Bestimmungstabelle der Ueberfamilie Trichodectoidea. Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 105: 167-191. Osborn, H. 1890. In L. O. Howard. Annotated Catalogue of the In- sects collected in 1887-1888. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12: 188-189. 1891. The Pediculi and Mallophaga affecting man and the lower animals. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent., 7: 56 pp. 1896. Insects affecting domestic animals; an account of the species of importance in North America, with mention Notes on the Osborn Mallophaga Types 165 of related forms occurring on other animals. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 302 pp. . 1902. Mallophaga records and descriptions. I. Three new parasites of the Turkey Buzzard. II. Trichodectes of the Central American Coati and the Ring-tailed Fox. Ohio Nat- uralist, 2: 175-204. 1902. Mallophaga records and descriptions. III. Louse of the Rusty Grackle. IV. New species and records in Colpo- cephalum and Physostomum. Ohio Naturalist, 2: 201-204. Peters, H. S. 1930. A new biting louse (Mallophaga) from White- tailed Deer. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 32: 76-79. 166 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington S7¢.0C673 Vol. 73, pp. 167-170 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW LONG-TAILED VOLE (MICROTUS LONGICAUDUS (MERRIAM) ) FROM UTAH By M. RAYMOND LEE AND STEPHEN D. DuRRANT Department of Zoology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah The Henry Mountains located in Wayne and Garfield coun- ties of south-central Utah, constitute a small range having 5 major peaks of which only 3 exceed 10,000 feet in elevation. The entire range is surrounded on all sides by low-lying des- ert. Thus, these mountains are effectively isolated from neigh- boring highlands and at their higher elevations form a mon- tane island in a desert. Because of the inaccessibility of these mountains, few mammals had been obtained previously from there. When Durrant prepared his “Mammals of Utah, Tax- onomy and Distribution” (Univ. Kansas Publs. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6: 371-375, 10 August 1952), he knew of no specimens of Microtus longicaudus from the Henry Mountains. During the past four years, we have collected these mountains inten- sively and have disclosed the occurrence there of the long- tailed vole. A study of these mice reveals that they merit sub- specific recognition. All measurements are in millimeters. Capitalized color terms are after Ridgway (Color Standards and Color Nomen- clature, Washington, D. C., 1912). For the loan of comparative materials, we extend apprecia- tion to Seth B. Benson, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Uni- versity of California, Berkeley, California; E. Raymond Hall, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas; Viola S. Schantz, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. National Mu- seum, Washington, D. C. This study was made possible through financial assistance - 25—Proc, Biot. Soc. Wasu., Vor. 73, 1960 (167) . , : : 168 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington from the National Science Foundation under research grants NSF-G339 and NSF-G1412. Microtus longicaudus incanus, new subspecies Type: Adult male, skin and skull, number 14,286, Museum of Zoology, University of Utah; % mile southeast of Burned Ridge, Mount Ellen, Henry Mountains, 10,300 feet, Garfield County, Utah; 10 September 1957, collected by M. Raymond Lee, original number 1512. Range: Henry Mountains of Wayne and Garfield counties, Utah. Diagnosis: Size: Small (see statistics); caudal index (ratio of length of tail to length of head and body) small (see statistics). Color: Light, dorsum and top of head near Light Ochraceous-Buff with slight ad- mixture of dark hairs; sides, face and feet gray (gray of sides extends well onto back in majority of specimens); hairs of venter white-tipped, plumbeous basally. Skull: Small (see statistics); relatively smooth at all ages; nasals short and wide distally; interparietal long ( anteroposteriorly ) and nearly rectangular in shape; maxillary plate of orbit wide with straight or convex anterior margin; anterior opening of infraorbital fora- men narrow. Statistics: Analyses of the external and cranial characters of the type and adult topoytpes and near topotypes from Burned Ridge, Eagle and Sawmill basin are: CHARACTER SEX a8 | a 12 1704 + 2.68 9.30 186-155 O) LTO Mise Se 8.38 182-162 s=112.90 3.12 58—49 aOR 4.28 59-49 12 21 Se 7206 1.24 24-19 as te ate Total length Length of tail Length of hind foot ol 10 22-21 PB) 87 15-13 .o2 vale 15-13 Length of ear Sma eae gaerneraednertreyedes (do) i & Caudal index 12 454+ O11 039 .542-.398 5 44] + O15 .033 .480-.389 Condylobasilar : Se D5) 76 26.1-24.0 length 3 OHS) 5 aie 14515) 97 26.1-24.4 Palatilar length 12 Isley) ae. 4115) 03 14.5-13.0 5 13i62)) se oll 70 14.7-13.0 Length upper 12 6.58 + .06 21 6.8-6.3 molar series 5 Gia2ice Pls .30 7.1-6.3 Zygomatic breadth 11 VES aN ate 1) 65 16.4-14.2 5 15:06); 225 2ol 70 15.7-13.9 Width of bulla 9 5.84 + .06 24 6.1-5.4 3 G2 See 20 6.4-6.0 n =sample size S.D. = standard deviation x-— = mean and standard error R = extremes A New Long-tailed Vole from Utah 169 In the majority of characters listed, the difference between males and females is insignificant. Comparisons: Members of the subspecies Microtus longicaudus incanus are the grayest of any population within the species that has been stud- ied. Specimens of M. I. incanus can be distinguished from topotypes of M. l. latus and M. I. mordax as follows: Size: Smaller; caudal index de- cidedly less (.450 as compared to .505 and .516). Color: Grayer. Skull: Less angular in adults, smaller; distal ends of nasals wider and more inflated; maxillary plate of orbit wider and with anterior border straight or convex as opposed to concave; tympanic bullae narrower and longer; anterior opening of infraorbital canal narrower; interparietal longer (an- teroposteriorly ) and more rectangular as opposed to pentagonal; foramen magnum smaller. Compared with topotypes of M. l. alticola specimens of M. l. incanus show the following: Size: Larger; caudal index about equal. Color: Markedly grayer. Skull: Larger; distal ends of nasals wider; rostrum rela- tively shorter; tympanic bullae longer and more inflated; interparietal larger and more rectangular; interpterygoid space narrower; foramen magnum larger. Remarks: Morphological studies reveal that M. l. incanus was derived from the same ancestral stock from which the M. lI. mordax—M. I. latus group arose. Although distinctive, specimens of M. I. incanus are most closely allied to the long-tailed voles which inhabit the Aquarius Plateau to the west of the Henry Mountains. The Henry Mountains are separated from the Aquarius Plateau by approximately 20 miles of desert which, at its lowest point, extends downward to an elevation of approximately 5,800 feet. These voles were not found below 8,000 feet on either the Henry Mountains or the Aquarius Plateau and thus it is evident that these mammals are totally isolated on the Henry Mountains. Moreover, the ex- tent and degree of their isolation is reflected in the considerable amount of differentiation which they have undergone. The factors responsible for this isolation are not completely understood although it is generally known, that at this latitude, these voles require a montane type of vegetation in addition to rather mesic conditions. On the basis of the knowledge relative to past climatic conditions, we are able now to give an estimate of the minimal time of isolation of Microtus longicaudus on the Henry Mountains. Also, this knowledge enables us to explain how these voles became isolated on these mountains. Because of the colder climate during the Valders glacial substage of the Wisconsin glacial period, the montane vegetation was known to have been depressed 2,500 feet in elevation. This is sufficient to bridge the now existing desert area between the Henry Mountains and the Aquarius Plateau. This oc- curred 10,000 to 11,000 years ago, and the voles would have had ready access during this time to both areas. Antevs (American Antiquity, 20 (4): 326) has shown that since the Cary Maximum, climatic conditions in the Great Basin and contiguous areas have become in general progressively warmer and drier. During 170 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington the Anathermal approximately 8,500 years ago, the climate was similar to that of today. Approximately 4,000 to 7,500 years ago, or during the Altithermal, a maximum of aridity and warmth was attained which ac- centuated the desert conditions between the Henry Mountains and the western plateaus, and effectively destroyed the bridge of montane vege- tation which previously had enabled these mammals to cross back and forth between these two areas. The climate during the Medithermal or that period succeeding the Altithermal, although fluctuating somewhat, was less arid than the latter. According to Antevs (loc. cit.), it appears unlikely, however, that the fluctuations toward cooler and more moist conditions during the Medithermal were of sufficient magnitude to re- establish a suitable habitat for these voles to enable them to bridge the area between the Henry Mountains and the plateaus to the west. In ad- dition, there is little doubt but that these voles were even more effectively isolated during the Altithermal when the climate was considerably more arid than at present. From the foregoing, it seems justifiable to consider that during the past 8,500 to 9,000 years no gene exchange has occurred between the populations of Microtus longicaudus on the Henry Moun- tains and those on the plateaus to the west. Specimens examined: Total, 26, distributed as follows: Garfield County: S end Sawmill Basin, Henry Mtns., 9,500 ft, 1; Sawmill Basin, 9,100 ft, 1; Burned Ridge, Mt. Ellen, 10,300 ft, 10; %4 mi SE Burned Ridge, Mt. Ellen, 10,300 ft, 6; Eagle, E slope Mt. Ellen, 7,800 ft, 5; Straight Creek, E slope Mt. Pennell, 9,000 ft, 3. 574.0673 Vol. 73, pp. 171-174 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW JUMPING MOUSE (ZAPUS PRINCEPS ALLEN) FROM UTAH By M. RAyMonD LEE AND STEPHEN D. DURRANT Department of Zoology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah When Durrant wrote the Mammals of Utah, Taxonomy and Distribution (Univ. Kansas Publs. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6: 385-388, 10 August 1952), jumping mice were unknown from the La Sal Mountains of eastern Utah. Krutzsch also lacked speci- mens from here when he reviewed the North American Jump- ing Mice (Univ. Kansas Publs. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7: 375, 21 April 1954). During a collecting trip to these mountains in August, 1955, we trapped two of these mammals and since that time, despite intensive efforts, only three additional speci- mens have been obtained. Analysis of these five specimens reveals that they represent an undescribed subspecies which herein is given nominal recognition. Grateful acknowledgments are extended to Seth B. Benson, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, for the loan of comparative materials and to Guy G. Musser, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, for his special efforts in collecting specimens of this new sub- species. All measurements are in millimeters and capitalized color terms are after Ridgway (Color Standards and Color Nomen- clature, Washington, D. C., 1912). Financial assistance for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation under grants NSF-G339 and NSF-G1412. Zapus princeps chrysogenys, new subspecies Type: Adult male, skin and skull, number 13,834, University of Utah, Museum of Zoology; 24% miles northeast of La Sal Peak, La Sal Moun- 26—Proc, Biot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 73, 1960 (171) a wWUNy,. 172 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington tains, 8,500 feet, Grand County, Utah; 17 July 1956; collected by M. Raymond Lee; original number 1,436. Range: La Sal Mountains of Grand and San Juan counties, Utah. Diagnosis: Size: Small (see measurements). Color: Mid-dorsal dark stripe markedly reduced being indistinct in 3 of 5 specimens; dorsum and sides Pale Yellow-Orange to Pale Ochraceous-Buff with considerable admixture of black hairs; lateral line Capucine Buff; venter white, lightly washed with Pale Yellow-Orange to Pale Ochraceous-Buff; cheeks Pale Yellow-Orange to Capucine Buff without admixture of black hairs; tail bicolored, whitish below and grayish above; hind feet grayish-white to yellowish-white above; ears distinctly edged with yellowish-white. Skull: Small (see measurements); superior ramus of zygoma wide and robust; maxillary tooth-row long relative to length of skull; tympanic bullae small with medial ends directed anteromedially; antorbital foramen small; nasals wide; presphenoid wide; projection present on inferior ramus of zygoma. Measurements: Average and extreme measurements of the type and 4 topotypes (3 ¢ 4,1 @), collectively, are as follows: Total length, 215.2 (232-203); length of tail, 131.2 (139-117); length of hind foot, 31 (32-30); greatest length of skull, 23.5 (24.8-23.0); length of nasals, 9.4 (10.2-9.1); length of incisive foramina, 4.6 (5.1-4.2); width across M1, 5.16 (5.4—4.9); length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.08 (4.15-4.0). Comparisons: Topotypes of Zapus princeps chrysogenys differ from those of Z. p. princeps as follows: Size: Smaller; tail relatively longer. Color: Paler, mid-dorsal dark stripe not as distinct; cheeks with less ad- mixture of black hairs; lateral line Capucine Buff as opposed to Light Ochraceous-Buff or Cinnamon-Buff; margins of ears lighter. Skull: Smaller in most measurements; superior ramus of zygoma wider and more robust; tympanic bullae smaller; incisive foramina more ellipsoid as op- posed to nearly parallel-sided; presphenoid wider; maxillary tooth-row longer; antorbital foramen smaller. Compared with specimens of Z. p. luteus from the West Fork of Black River, Apache County, Arizona, topotypes of Z. p. chrysogenys differ as follows: Size: Larger. Color: Markedly less Ochraceous; sides near Pale Yellow-Orange as opposed to near Cinnamon-Buff; tail grayish as op- posed to brownish. Skull: Posterior ends of nasals wider; antorbital fora- men markedly smaller; incisive foramina longer and wider posteriorly; tympanic bullae smaller; maxillary tooth-row longer; superior ramus of zygoma wider and heavier. From near topotypes of Z. p. utahensis, topotypes of Z. p. chrysogenys differ as follows: Size: Smaller. Color: Lighter; mid-dorsal dark stripe less blackish and markedly less distinct; venter lightly washed with pale buff as opposed to pure white; distinct light cheek patch present as op- posed to none. Skull: Markedly smaller; zygomata parallel rather than bowed laterally; inferior and superior rami of zygoma actually as well as relatively more robust; upper tooth-rows diverging less anteriorly; ee Sa eee me ee eee A New Jumping Mouse from Utah 173 palatal bridge longer relative to length of skull; presphenoid wider; tym- panic bullae less inflated ventrally. Remarks: The La Sal Mountains are completely isolated and are sur- rounded by desert. In Utah, jumping mice are restricted to mountains at the higher elevations; hence, this population is completely isolated be- cause of the lack of montane habitat between the La Sal and the neigh- boring mountains. Comparisons clearly indicate that the affinities of Z. p. chrysogenys are with the Z. p. princeps—Z. p. luteus complex of jumping mice and not, as would be expected with Z. p. utahensis, the closest sub- species geographically. In order to evaluate more precisely the relation- ship of Z. p. chrysogenys with the Z. p. princeps—Z. p. luteus complex the following observations are presented. Although paler and more yellowish, specimens of Z. p. chrysogenys most nearly resemble those of Z. p. prin- ceps. In external measurements, they are intermediate between those of Z. p. princeps and Z. p. luteus. Specimens of Z. p. chrysogenys are remi- niscent of those of Z. p. princeps in the shape of the nasals and incisive foramina and approach those of Z. p. luteus in generally smaller cranial dimensions. All characters considered, the affinities of Z. p. chrysogenys are closer to Z. p. princeps than to Z. p. luteus. The fact that Z. p. chrysogenys shows some characteristics of both Z. p. princeps and Z. p. luteus suggests that the initial population of the La Sal Mountains was derived from an ancestral population which also possessed these characters. That the ancestral population had these char- acters might be explained in two possible ways: either it consisted of ani- mals having characters like intergrades between Z. p. princeps and Z. p. luteus, or it was characterized by animals ancestral to all three of these subspecies and had some characters of each kind. Among these three subspecies, Z. p. luteus is the most widely diverg- ent, and it is suggested that this divergence required a longer period of time than was required for the divergence between Z. p. princeps and Z. p. chrysogenys. In other words, differentiation of Z. p. luteus from Z. p. princeps—Z. p. chrysogenys had progressed to a considerable degree before the differentiation between Z. p. princeps and Z. p. chrysogenys was initiated. It is assumed that the time of isolation is approximately proportional to the degree of morphological differentiation. If this were true, then it suggests that Z. p. chrysogenys was derived from a popula- tion of Z. p. princeps in which some characters of Z. p. luteus were still present, that is, an intergrading population which has subsequently undergone divergence. Krutzsch (op. cit.: 415) reported one specimen from Florida, Colo- rado, that was intermediate between Z. p. princeps and Z. p. luteus and that similar intergrades are known from localities in northern New Mex- ico. Florida, Colorado, is south of the Rico and San Juan mountains. Hence, the nearest affinities of the members of the species Zapus prin- ceps on the La Sal Mountains, like those of the red squirrel ( Tamiasci- urus hudsonicus (Erxleben)) and the pika (Ochotona princeps (Rich- 174 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ardson) ) from the same region, appear to be with animals occurring on mountains to the southeastward in Colorado. Specimens examined: Total, 5, distributed as follows: Grand County: 2% mi NE La Sal Peak, La Sal Mtns., 8,500 ft, 1; Beaver Creek, 2 mi NE | Mt. Waas, La Sal Mtns., 8,720 ft, 2; Beaver Creek, 1144 mi E La Sal Peak, | La Sal Mtns., 9,000 ft, 2. | B/7+.0¢673 Vol. 73, pp. 175-182 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE ELLISELLIDAE (OCTOCORALLIA) AND THEIR BEARING ON THE ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE EASTERN PACIFIC By FrRepEericK M. BAYER AND ELISABETH DEICHMANN U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution; Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Harvard College The complete absence of the gorgonacean family Gorgonel- lidae (properly Ellisellidae) from the eastern Pacific has been cited as an example of distribution illustrating the view that the shelf fauna of the American Pacific coast is not as closely related to the western Pacific fauna as is that of the Caribbean (Ekman 1935: 66; 1953: 40). However, this idea of the dis- tributional pattern of the Ellisellidae is the result of incom- plete knowledge of the composition of the west American fauna, and seems to derive largely from the works of Kiiken- thal, notably his monograph of the Gorgonaria in the reports of the German Deep Sea Expedition (1919: 856-862). Ma- terial now in our hands, preserved in the collections of the U. S. National Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zo- dlogy, shows conclusively that members of the Ellisellidae do indeed occur along the Pacific coast of the Americas, a graphic demonstration that thorough faunal sampling is an indispens- able foundation for zoogeographic speculation. In this case, increased knowledge of distribution does not alter the basic zoogeographic conclusion; it merely requires the selection of some new examples from a relatively unaltered body of evi- dence. Moreover, the two examples of gorgonacean genera cited by Ekman as occurring in the eastern Pacific as well as in its western parts, contrary to his theory—Psammogorgia and Heterogorgia—do not, in fact, have any such distribution. This erroneous notion resulted from a misunderstanding of the two genera, as well-as from apa, Cea made by Nutting tut 27—Phoe: ye Soc. Whee: You. 73, 1960 (175) : OD } ‘ »* “~ * 176 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (1910a, 1910b) and mostly accepted by Kiikenthal (1919, 1924). So far as we know at this writing, neither Psammogor- gia nor Heterogorgia occurs anywhere outside of the Panamic province, a further demonstration that zoogeography is no better than the systematics upon which it is based. FAMILY ELLISELLIDAE This exceptionally well-defined family is characterized by.a remark- ably uniform type of spicule and a strongly calcified axial cylinder with its calcareous fibers oriented radially and without a soft, cross-chambered medulla. Its genera and species, on the other hand, are with few excep- tions especially difficult to separate. The genera Ctenocella (Indo-west- Pacific) and Riisea (Caribbean) are unmistakably recognized by their peculiar modes of branching, and Junceella (Indo-west-Pacific) by its spicules, but the rest—Ellisella, Toeplitzella, Verrucella and Nicella— are not always so easy to recognize. The genera as now accepted may be differentiated according to the following key: I. Colonies whiplike, flagelliform or, if branched, with only a few long, slender, and comparatively straight branches A. Colonies branched in one plane, with several long, straight ter- minal branches arising in a lyrate or bipectinate manner... . Ctenocella Valenciennes B. Colonies simple or, if branched, not lyrate 1. Cortical spicules include many symmetrical clubs . . . Junce- ella Valenciennes 2. Cortical spicules are always dumb-bells, never clubs a. The calicles contain spindles that are longer than the dumb-bells of the cortex ... Ellisella Gray b. The calicles contain only dumb-bells like those of the cortex ... Toeplitzella Deichmann II. Colonies abundantly branched, the terminal branchlets rather short and usually quite crooked, sometimes anastomosing A. Branching openly pinnate, terminal branchlets short, bearing only 1-4 polyps of which one is apical, bent like the bowl of a clay pipe; the diameter of the polyps is greater than that of the branchlets. Core of axis strongly eccentric . . . Riisea Duchas- saing and Michelotti B. Branching lateral or asymmetrically dichotomous, the terminal branchlets developing many polyps; calicles hemispherical, not tubular, equal to the terminal branches in diameter or smaller. Core of axis about central 1. The calicles contain numerous spindles that are conspicuously longer than the dumb-bells . . . Nicella Gray 2. The calicles contain only spicules like those of the rind, no long spindles .. . Verrucella Milne Edwards and Haime The Ellisellidae of the Eastern Pacific 177 The material now before us contains three records of the genus Ellis- ella from Baja California. One of these was collected by Heinz A. Low- enstam of the California Institute of Technology, and another by the late Conrad Limbaugh of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, to both of whom we are most grateful. The third was collected by the steamer “Albatross” many years ago. The collections of the U. S. National Mu- seum also contain specimens of a Nicella labeled “Gulf of California,” possibly in error, which are mentioned so that investigators now active along the Pacific coast may be on the alert for new records to confirm this doubtful find. Genus Ellisella Gray Ellisella Gray 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1857 (vol. 25): 287. (Type species, Gorgonia elongata Pallas, by subsequent designation: Nutting 1910: 31.) Diagnosis: Simple or sparingly branched colonies with long terminal branches not arising in a regular lyrate plan. Cortical spiculation con- sisting of short double heads and somewhat longer double rods or spin- dles, the latter most heavily concentrated in the calicular part of the polyps. Pharyngeal walls containing slender rods with usually two belts of angular warts. The discrimination of species in this genus is a vexing matter. The characters usually employed are: (1) form of colony, including manner and extent of branching; (2) arrangement and size of calicles; (3) shape and relative size of the calicular rods in comparison with the spicules of the general cortex; and (4) the type of double-head spicules predomin- ating in the cortex, i.e., the double sphere or “dumb-bell” type, which has two uniformly warted spheroidal heads connected by a constricted neck; or the “capstan” type, which has two whorls or transverse girdles of rather irregular tubercles, and terminal clusters, separated by a rather wide neck. These characters are without exception difficult both to evaluate and to express in words and keys and, to complicate matters, are also subject to variation. The specimens before us share so many characters that we are con- vinced we are dealing with a single species. Although we are unable at the present time to reconcile it with any species of Ellisella heretofore described, a thorough revision of the genus may show it to be identical with one of the Indo-west-Pacific species already known. Ellisella limbaughi, new species (Figs. 1-2) Material examined: (Holotype) Baja California: southwest of Hol- combe Point at entrance of San Ignacio Lagoon, Pacific coast. Depth, 28 fathoms. Heinz Lowenstam, May 1950. (Mus. Comp. Zool. cat. no. 3939. ) (Paratype) Baja California: south of Cape San Lazaro, Pacific coast, 24° 38’ 00” N, 112° 17’ 30” W. Depth, 51 fathoms. U. S. Fish Com- 178 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington mission steamer “Albatross” station 2833, 2 May 1888. (One specimen in alcohol, U.S.N.M. cat. no. 51577. ) (Additional specimen) Baja California: Cape San Lucas Canyon. Depth, 100-200 feet; taken by diving. Conrad Limbaugh and J. Stewart, March 1959. (One specimen dry, U.S.N.M. cat. no. 51576. ) Diagnosis: Colonies sparingly branched, with long, slender terminal branches. Polyps in two lateral bands, set in strongly oblique rows of 3-6, except near the branch tips where there may be only 2 (i.e., in alter- nating double rows). Calicular rods rather blunt, 0.08-0.1 mm long, not much larger than the double heads, which measure at most 0.06—0.08 mm; double heads including many of the capstan type as well as double spheres. Color, dull orange; calicles and rind identically colored. Descriptive remarks: The three colonies are similar in their rather small size and sparse branching. The polyps are separated by two naked bands into two lateral tracts in which they are arranged diagonally in rows of 3—5, except near the base where there may be 6 polyps in the diagonal rows, and near the branch tips where there may be as few as two. In the two colonies in which the base is preserved, there are no polyps on the proximal part of the main trunk. The calicles are preserved differently in each of the three specimens. In U.S.N.M. no. 51577, pre- served in alcohol, they are up-turned but prominent and the tentacles are extended (Fig. 1 a). In one of the dry specimens (the holotype), M.C.Z. no. 3939, they are appressed upward in a scale-like manner (Fig. 1 c), as if the colony had been stimulated to the fullest degree of contraction before it was dried, whereas in the third specimen, U.S.N.M. no. 51576, they are in an intermediate condition (Fig. 1 b). In this genus, the prominence of the calicles in preserved specimens is not a reliable char- acter because it depends so much upon the methods of preservation used, the condition of the colony, and the reaction of individual polyps, as occasionally can be seen even in a single colony. The holotype, M.C.Z. no. 3939, is a-once forked branch 28 cm in length, lacking both main trunk and branch tips. At the lowest part it has a diameter of 2.5 mm, in the uppermost part 1.5 mm. The contracted calicles, which are depressed into pits in the cortical surface, are oval, scale-like, somewhat bilobed above, and measure roughly 0.5-0.7 mm across. The calicular rods (Fig. 1 e) are conspicuously constricted at the waist, tapered, but not acute. They are at most about 0.08 mm long and thus not much longer than the largest double heads, which measure 0.06 mm. The double heads include capstans with conspicuous terminal clust- ers, and smaller dumb-bells in which the warts show little or no tendency to separate into transverse girdles and terminal tufts (Fig. 1 f). The axial sheath contains capstans up to 0.06 mm in length, not so strongly sculptured as those of the outer rind (Fig. 2 a). The pharyngeal walls contain slender rods with two transverse belts of tubercles (Fig. 1 d, left), about as long as the calicular rods but much slimmer. The tentacles contain irregularly sculptured rods (Fig. 1 d, right two) that grade quickly into the typical spicules of the calicular walls proximad. The The Ellisellidae of the Eastern Pacific 179 spicules are pale amber yellow except those of the axial sheath, tentacles, and pharynx, and some of the calicular rods, which are nearly or quite colorless. 180 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fic. 2 The paratype, U.S.N.M. no. 51577, is a forked colony 18 cm tall, with its basal disk but lacking the uppermost parts, which are eroded away. Just above the base, the main stem has a diameter of 3 mm; the upper- most branch measures 2.5 mm in diameter. The main branch was ter- minally eroded during the life of the colony, and the lower branch and its secondary branch are entirely decorticated. The calicles are upturned, not much contracted, somewhat more than 1 mm tall with tentacles ex- tended; they are arranged in oblique rows of 3-5, which form two lateral bands as in the holotype. The spicules are very similar in form to those of the holotype, but are slightly larger. The calicular rods (Fig. 1 h) reach a length of 0.1 mm and the double heads (Fig. 1 i) 0.065 mm. The pharyngeal and tentacular rods (Fig. 1 g), and the capstans of the axial sheath (Fig. 2 b) are practically identical with those of the holo- type. A third specimen, U.S.N.M. no. 51576, is similar to the types in most respects. It is a slender, weakly branched colony with long, ascending terminal branches. Complete with base and all but a small tip of the uppermost branch, it has a height of 38.5 cm. The main stem forks three times unilaterally in rapid succession to produce four closely placed ter- minals. The main trunk measures 2.5 mm in diameter; in the middle of the colony the diameter is about 2 mm, tapering to 1 mm near the branch tips. The polyps are low, upturned and somewhat clavate, not so fully contracted as in the holotype. They are placed on the branches in lateral bands composed of 2-5 individuals in oblique rows (Fig. 1 b). The spicules are practically identical in form with those of the types but are consistently larger. The longest calicular rods measure slightly more than 0.1 mm (Fig. 1k). The largest double heads measure 0.08 mm and the smaller dumb-bells are commonly 0.06 mm in length (Fig. 11,2 c). The capstans of the axial sheath (Fig. 2 d) may be 0.07 mm in length, a few slightly larger. Ellisella limbaughi clearly belongs to the elongata group of species as The Ellisellidae of the Eastern Pacific 181 indicated by its colonial form and by the relatively small size of its calicu- lar rods. However, its colonies are much more delicate than those of either E. elongata (Pallas) or E. grandis (Verrill), both of which are huge species, and its spicules include many dumb-bells in which there is no differentiation of terminal clusters of tubercles. Ellisella limbaughi most closely approaches certain of the colonies included by Simpson (1910: 339) under Scirpearia furcata from the Indian Ocean, a species that was removed to Ellisella (= Toeplitzella Deichmann) by Toeplitz because it seems to lack the special calicular rods of Scirpearia. It may eventually prove that E. limbaughi is identical with one of them, but this would give it an exceptionally wide distribution for a shallow-water gorgonian. This species is named in memory of Conrad Limbaugh, who recently lost his life in a diving accident. Genus Nicella Gray Nicella Gray 1870, Cat. Lithophytes Brit. Mus.: 40. (Type species, Ni- cella mauritiana Gray 1870 = Scirpearia dichotoma Gray 1859, by monotypy. ) Nicella, Deichmann 1936, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 53: 216. Diagnosis: See Deichmann 1936: 216. Nicella guadalupensis (Duchassaing and Michelotti) Verrucella guadalupensis Duchassaing and Michelotti 1860, Mém. Corall. Antill.: 33, pl. 4, Figs. 5-6. (Guadeloupe. ) Nicella guadalupensis, Deichmann 1936, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 53: 218, pl. 36. (Various localities from Dry Tortugas to Barbados. ) Material examined: Two large dried specimens (one of them broken into three pieces) labeled “Gulf of California,” collected by W. J. Fisher and received from R. E. C. Stearns (U.S.N.M. cat. no. 8972). Although other gorgonians in the Fisher collection are typical Panamic species, some of the material received from Stearns came from diverse localities, suggesting that an error of labeling may have occurred. Remarks: The two specimens from the “Gulf of California” differ con- spicuously in spiculation but they both fall well within the remarkable range of variation observed in West Indian Nicella guadalupensis. One of the specimens has long, acute calicular rods, as in U.S.N.M. 7617 from Havana, Cuba; the other has short, blunt rods, as in U.S.N.M. 44134 from Barbados. Both colonies are dull yellow with nearly white calicles, a color pattern commonly found in N. guadalupensis. GORGONIANS AND THE ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE AMERICAN PaActric CoAst Although the discovery of Ellisellidae on the coast of Baja California removes one important item of evidence from Ekman’s contention that the eastern Pacific shelf-fauna is not so closely related to the western Pacific as is the Caribbean, this is offset by the fact that Psammogorgia and Heterogorgia are endemic to the west American shelf-fauna and do 182 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington not occur also in the western Pacific as Ekman had been led to believe by the literature. The gorgonians of both Atlantic and Pacific coasts of tropical America show a marked degree of endemism and are closely related, as is clearly indicated by the preponderance of gorgoniids and plexaurids. However, at somewhat greater depths—down to 100 fathoms —there are other gorgonians whose distribution supports the opinion of Ekman, among them the genera Bebryce, Villogorgia, Placogorgia, and Eunicella, which actually are not known to occur along the Pacific coast. All that can be said is that the Atlantic and Pacific American .gorgonian faunas form a closely related unit with conspicuous amphi-American elements, and the Atlantic component bears somewhat closer ties with the Indo-west-Pacific fauna than does the Pacific component, as sug- gested by Ekman. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Ellisella limbaughi sp. nov.: a.—Part of branch of paratype, U.S.N.M. 51577. b.—Part of branch of U.S.N.M. 51576. c.—Part of branch of holotype, M.C.Z. 3939. d-—f.—Spicules of holotype (d, rod from pharynx and two intermediate forms from tentacles; e, calicular rods; f, cortical capstans and double heads). g—i—Spicules of paratype (g, rod from pharynx and two intermediate forms from tentacles; h, calic- ular rods; i, cortical capstans and double heads). j—l—Spicules of U.S.N.M. 51576 (j, rod from pharynx and two intermediate forms from tentacles; k, calicular rods; 1, cortical capstans and double heads ). Fig. 2. Ellisella limbaughi sp. nov.: a.—Capstans from inner layer, holotype. b.—Capstans from inner layer, paratype. c.—Outer cortical double heads, U.S.N.M. 51576. d.—Capstans from inner layer, U.S.N.M. 51576. LITERATURE CITED Deichmann, Elisabeth. 1936. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 53: 1-317, pls. 1-37. Ekman, Sven. 1935. Tiergeographie des Meeres. xii + 542, 244 figs. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig. 1953. Zoogeography of the Sea. xiv + 417, 121 figs. Sidg- wick and Jackson, London. Kikenthal, Willy. 1919. Gorgonaria. Wiss. Ergebn. deutschen Tiefsee Exped. 13(2): 1-946, figs. 1-319, pls. 30-89. 1924. Gorgonaria. Das. Tierreich 47. xxviii + 478, 209 figs. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and Leipzig. Nutting, Charles Cleveland. 1910a. The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition. III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Exped. Monogr. 13b: 1-108, pls. 1-22. 1910b. The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition. VI. The Gorgonellidae. Siboga-Exped. Monogr. 13b?; 1-39, pls. 1-11. Simpson, James Jenkins. 1910. A revision of the Gorgonellidae: 1. The Juncellid group. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 28(B): 247-386, pls. 1-19. 74.0673 Vol. 73, pp. 183-194 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE DISCOVERY OF A FRESHWATER OPISTHOBRANCHIATE MOLLUSK, ACOCHLIDIUM AMBOINENSE STRUBELL, IN THE PALAU ISLANDS By FREDERICK M. BAYER AND H. ADAIR FEHLMANN U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution; George Vanderbilt Foundation, Stanford University Two peculiar shell-less opisthobranchs obtained by A. Stru- bell in a stream in Amboina were briefly described by the col- lector and named Acochlidium amboinense and A. paradoxum (Strubell, 1892: 62). Prof. Max Weber collected some ani- mals similar to the first of these in the mouth of a river in Flores, which were described by Bergh as Hedyle weberi (Bergh, 1895: 4). Strubell’s deficient description of Acoch- lidium amboinense was supplemented by Biicking’s study of the original specimens, making it clear that A. amboinense and H. weberi are distinct species of one genus (Biicking, 1933: 549-582 ). The latter, properly called Acochlidium weberi (Bergh), has recently been reported from Sumba by van Benthem Jut- ting (1955: 55) but A. amboinense has not been seen again. Some animals very similar to it in general appearance were discovered by one of us (Fehlmann) during the course of a detailed ecological survey of a stream on the southwest coast of Babelthuap, the largest of the Palau Islands, in September ~of 1957. When these proved to be of unusual interest, addi- tional specimens were collected during a subsequent visit in October, 1958, and color photographs were made of the liv- ing animals. We were then able to confirm the identification as Acochlidium amboinense Strubell. It is not our purpose to give a history of these remarkable freshwater opisthobranchs, which already has been done by 28—PrRoc. Bion. Soc. WaAsH., VoL. 73, 1960 (183) 184 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Bucking (1933) and Odhner (1937, 1938), but to report the occurrence of the genus in a stream in the Palau Islands, nearly a thousand miles from the original locality in Amboina, and separated by 500 miles of the Pacific Ocean from other large islands where it reasonably might be expected. We are indebted to Harold W. Harry, who undertook the preliminary dissections of the first lot of specimens obtained and who made tentative determination of their taxonomic po- sition. We are grateful also to W. S. S. van Benthem Jutting van der Feen of the Zoological Society of Amsterdam, who called our attention to her paper on freshwater mollusks from Sumba and showed one of us ( Bayer) the specimens of Acoch- lidium weberi reported therein, and to Harald A. Rehder of the Smithsonian Institution, who gave freely of his time to help us in the search for literature and to read the manuscript. The field work that provided our specimens was aided by contract NR 160 321 between the Office of Naval Research, Depart- ment of the Navy, and the National Academy of Sciences— National Research Council, under the auspices of the Pacific Science Board, and by contract AT (04-3)-102 between the United States Atomic Energy Commission and Stanford Uni- versity. Logistic aid and permission to conduct field work in the Palau Islands were provided by the Trust Territory of The Pacific Islands, United States Department of the Interior. We are, as always, grateful for the encouragement and support of the George Vanderbilt Foundation of Stanford University, and of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Genus Acochlidium Strubell Acochlidium Strubell 1892, Verhandl. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande, 49. Jg., Sitzung der niederrheinischen Ges. 13. Juni 1892: 62. Hedyle Bergh 1895, Verhandl. zool. bot. Ges. Wien 45: 4. not Hedyle Guénée 1857; not Hedyle Malmgren 1865. Acochlidium, Odhner 1937, Zool. Anz. 120: 52, 64. Acochlidium, Odhner 1938, Basteria 3: 5-11 (passim). Hedyle, the generic name applied to these naked snails by Bergh in 1895 is not only a junior subjective synonym of Acochlidium Strubell, but is also twice preoccupied. In view of the fact that Strubell did pro- vide some morphological information about his animals, and since a name is not nude unless it is devoid of all descriptive matter, the names he pro- Opisthobranchiate Mollusk in the Palau Islands — 185 posed are not nomina nuda. We must therefore disagree with Odhner in attributing authorship to Biicking. The external morphology of the specimens from the Palau Islands is very close to that of Acochlidium amboinense as redescribed by Biicking, and gross dissections demonstrate that anatomical characters, notably the radula, the penial armature, and the calcareous spicules, are also in close agreement. The discrepancies are so small as to be of little consequence, particularly in view of the fact that they may well be the result of dif- ferent artistic representation of the features in question. Acochlidium amboinense Strubell (Figs. 1 and 2) Acochlidium amboinense Strubell 1892, Verhandl. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande, 49. Jg., Sitzung der niederrheinischen Ges. 13. Juni 1892: 62. Hedyle amboinensis, Biicking 1933, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 64: 552, Figs. 1- 27; pl. 2. Acochlidium amboinense, Odhner 1937, Zool. Anz. 120: 52, 64. Acochlidium amboinense, Odhner 1938, Basteria 3: 5-11, passim. Material examined: Three lots of specimens, all from the same locality in the Palau Islands: south fork of Arakitaoch stream, Airai Municipality, Babelthuap Island; cascade zone 150-190 feet above sea level; collected by H. A. Fehlmann and Sumang Yachad, 12 September 1957 (5 speci- mens), 16 September 1957 (4 specimens), and 2 October 1958 (10 specimens ). Descriptive remarks: The living animals measure about 2.5 cm in length when extended and crawling (Fig. 1, a-c). They resemble the drawing of the living animal made by Strubell and published by Biicking (1933: pl. 2, Fig. 1; copied by Odhner, 1938: Fig. 5), with the excep- tion of the attitude in which the tentacles are held, and the shape of the visceral sack (“Eingeweidesack”). Our drawings are ink stipple rend- erings traced from color photographs of actively crawling specimens, and therefore accurately represent the outline of the living animal including the shape of the visceral sack and the usual position of the tentacles. Strubell’s original sketch gives the impression that (1) the visceral sack is more or less auriculate anteriorly and thus shaped somewhat like a cordate leaf, and (2) the hepatic diverticula are visible as a rather dis- tinct system of veins marking the surface of the visceral sack. Neither is the case in the specimens from Palau. The visceral sack has the shape shown in Figure 1, a—c, and has a perfectly smooth surface. There are no auriculate expansions at the anterior margin of the sack. In life, the Palauan specimens were deep olive green, rather blotchy in the visceral sack, which is also flecked with white. The head and anterior part of the body in front of the attachment of the visceral sack are somewhat paler and streaked in the manner shown in Strubell’s sketch. An oval, darker green area at the anterior end of the visceral 186 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington © 0.3 mm Fic. 1 sack indicates the position of the visceral mass. To judge by Strubell’s figure, his specimens were a paler, brighter green than were the animals collected in Arakitaoch stream. Measurements were not taken of the living specimens, due to pressure of time, and the preserved animals are so contracted and distorted that detailed measurements are not especially informative. However, the di- mensions of some of the conspicuous features in topographic anatomy are given below in tabular form. The measurements of specimens col- i lected in 1957 differ somewhat from the figures given for material taken Opisthobranchiate Mollusk in the Palau Islands — 187 in 1958 owing to the fact that the latter were anesthetized by various means prior to fixation in formalin and have therefore retained more nearly normal shape. Measurements (in mm) of Acochlidium amboinense LENGTH OF WIDTH OF LENGTH WIDTH TOTAL VISCERAL VISCERAL OF OF LENGTH j SACK SACK FOOT FOOT 12 Sept. 1957 9 - 6 _ 4 9 - 6 _ a 9 _ 6 - + 9.5 - ie - 4 10 - 8 7 4.5 16 Sept. 1957 6 - 6 - 3.5 8 ~ 5 — 4 8 - 7.0 - - 10 - 5 6 4 2 Oct. 1958 1] ~ 8 — 4 12 fl 6 9 4 12 9 6 10 4 13 8 6 ll | 14 10 9 10 + 15 9 7.5 11 4.5 16 12 ii 7.0 4 16 1a 8 ia 4.5 ~ 9 8 12.5 - (Blanks indicate that the character was not measured because of distortion. ) Radula: According to Biicking’s observations (1933: 558 et seq, Figs. 2a, 3, 4 and 5) the radula is bent around the lingual muscle and assumes the shape of the letter U lying on its side. It consists of five longitudinal rows: a middle row of teeth, on either side of which are two lateral rows of plates of chitinous material, which extend only along the ventral por- tion of the radula to the point where it bends back upon itself over the anterior end of the lingual muscle. In face view, the rachidian tooth is in the shape of an acute isosceles triangle 0.2 mm (200 micra) high and 0.15 mm (150 micra) wide. The thick, slightly curved cusp bends sharply backward from the base of the tooth, which is somewhat expanded later- ally. There are no processes or thorns on the margin of the tooth. The inner lateral plates are all of irregular quadrangular form with rounded angles, measuring 0.04 ~ 0.11 mm; at the middle of the upper (i.e., posterior) margin they have a short “nasenartigen” process. The plates of the outer row are thin, small (0.02 »% 0.025 mm) and are practically square. Biicking records 52 rachidian teeth (24 on the ventral part of the 188 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington radula, 28 on the dorsal), 20 inner laterals in each row, and 10-15 outer laterals, a total of 112-122 teeth and plates in the complete radula. Our observations upon the radulae of Palauan specimens agree in gen- eral with Bucking’s description except as follows: the rachidian teeth measure about 0.27 mm in height instead of 0.2 mm; their sides are con- cave and finely serrated (Fig. 1 g), not straight and smooth, and when viewed in position on the radula the backward-bent cusp is much nar- rower than the base (Fig. 1 f). The wide, inner lateral plates bear a blunt process, with or without two or three denticles, toward the outer end, not the middle, of the upper margin; the lower edge of the follow- ing plate is recessed to accommodate this process. The small, squarish outer lateral plates often have a tiny denticle at the two upper corners (lilies, JL se), Contrary to Biicking’s observations, inner lateral plates are present in all transverse rows, and the small outer lateral plates are present in all but the 10 youngest transverse rows where they have not yet been formed. In one of our preparations, the radula has 25 rachidian teeth with cusps completely worn off (those of the ventral part of the radula; see Fig. 1 e), 1 very much blunted by use, and 30 quite sharp and un- wor (in the dorsal part of the radula), a total of 56; inner lateral plates are present in all 56 transverse rows, a total of 112; and outer laterals are completely formed in all but the 10 youngest rows (and even in these rows the outlines of the still incomplete plates can be seen), a total of 92 fully formed plates. The number of teeth and plates in the complete radula is therefore 260 (56 + 112 + 92). It seems to us reasonably certain that these discrepancies are due to deficiencies in Biicking’s observations rather than to any specific differ- ence between our material and his. The outer rows of the radula are very delicate, especially toward the growing end, and the plates easily could have been overlooked if not completely torn off in the process of dissection. Moreover, Biicking’s most detailed figures were drawn at such a low magnification that the marginal ornamentation of the rachidians was not noticed. The radula of Acochlidium weberi as illustrated by Bergh shows a strong, triangular rachidian and two rows of lateral plates, as in A. am- boinense. Aside from being smaller, the rachidian differs in having a conspicuously denticulated cusp, and the inner laterals bear a much stronger cusp situated in an approximately central position (Fig. 1 i). For the sake of comparison, Bergh’s and Bicking’s figures have been redrawn (Fig. 1, h and i) to the same scale as our own drawings ( Fig. 1, f and g). Spicules: A large number of spicules are situated in a ring around the esophagus and in the tissue of the foot, but not in the visceral sac. These bodies are transparent, cylindrical rods up to 0.5 mm in length, more or less bent and usually somewhat enlarged at the ends (Fig. 1 d). They are almost crystal clear, with only a slight milkiness, but a distinct core and evidence of concentric lamination can be seen in most of them. In Opisthobranchiate Mollusk in the Palau Islands — 189 polarized light they show very slight birefringence. Spicules cannot be found in specimens preserved in formalin but they are conspicuous in alcoholic material, from which they can be dissected without difficulty. Although unaffected by alcohol, they dissolve readily and rapidly (in a matter of minutes) in ordinary tap water. They also suffer changes when mounted in balsam, but not uniformly. In a single preparation, some spicules may show signs of disintegration, whereas others remain un- changed. Further studies should be made to determine the nature and composition of these bodies. Measurements of radular teeth and plates of Acochlidium (in mm ) A. weberi® A. amboinense* A. amboinense (Palau) Max. Max. Max. Height width Height width Height width Rachidian 0.11-0.12 0.09-—0.1 0.2 0.15 0.24—0.27 0.22 Inner lateral _ 0.075 0.04 0.11 0.09 0.12 Outer lateral - 0.02 0.025 0.02 0.055 0.03 ° Measurements from Bergh. + Measurements from Strubell, converted from micra. Genital armature: According to Biicking’s observations, the margin of the glans penis is furnished with a ring of about 15 hooks and thorns of a chitinous substance. His figure 7a shows 9 large thorns and 9 smaller hooks forming an incomplete ring around the glans. Our specimens, all of which are more or less contracted, show a semicircle of 14 large thorns in two rows around one side and 8 (in one specimen the base of a 9th, which seems to have been broken off, is clearly visible) smaller, slender hooks in a cluster on the opposite side. Terminal and lateral views of the most fully expanded preparation we were able to obtain are shown in Figure 2. Whether or not the double row of thorns and the cluster of hooks would spread out and form a single row during full expansion we are unable to say. 190 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Biicking does not describe the thorns and hooks in detail, saying only that the latter resemble shark’s teeth in form and have the base drawn out into four hook-like processes. We have been unable to discern four basal processes, but the large thorns are joined to the integument by a pair of diverging roots. Bucking does not mention that each of the thorns is invested in a sheath of tissue from which a small part of the very sharp tip protrudes, as is the case in our material. The structure of the hooks and thorns is similar to that described by Bergh (1895) for Hedyle weberi, although the thorns in that species, too, have three or four simple or branched roots. Both hooks and thorns are hollow, with a distinctly chambered core. In specimens of H. weberi 3 cm in length, the penis was from 3 to 8 mm long, with 15-20 hooks (corresponding to the thorns in Buiicking’s description) in a single row, and many smaller, more thorn-like hooks in two (here and there 3 or 4) rows. In Biicking’s specimens of Acochlidium amboinense, as in ours, this organ was of somewhat more modest proportions. Habitat and ecology: All specimens here reported were collected in the south fork of Arakitaoch stream in Airai Municipality on the lower west coast of Babelthuap, the largest island of the Palaus. The habitat is restricted to a very short “cascade zone” where the stream flows across exposed basaltic bedrock at an elevation of 150-190 feet above sea level (Fig. 3). The water was fresh (NaCl 17 parts per million) and had a temperature of 79°F at the time the specimens were collected. Opisthobranchiate Mollusk in the Palau Islands — 191 The specimens invariably were found on the few loose rocks that were lying in the shady stream bottom, covered by 1—12 inches of water; they were not found under the rocks or on the solid rock of the stream bed. Of particular interest is the fact that Acochlidium were not found in the corresponding situation in the north fork of Arakitaoch stream, which, to all appearances, was ecologically identical. Neither were these snails found in the lower graded reaches of the stream or in the upper mangrove zone where the water becomes brackish, although these sections of the stream were collected and inspected with great care. The fauna associated with Acochlidium amboinense in the cascade zone of Arakitaoch stream includes nine species of fishes (identified by H. A. Fehlmann), as follows (the most abundant are indicated by an asterisk ) : Anguillidae: Anguilla marmorata Q. & G. Gobiidae: Stigmatogobius romeri (M. Weber) ® Sicyopterus micrurus ( Blkr. ) Stiphodon elegans ( Steind. )* Sicyopus zosterophorum ( Blkr. ) Sicyopus n. sp.°® Eleotridae: Eleotris fusca (Bl. Schn. )* Ophiocara aporos ( Blkr. ) Bunaka gyrinoides ( Blkr. ) Other animals associated with Acochlidium are the water striders Mic- rovelia notophora Esaki, endemic in the Palau Islands, and a species of Limnometra (both determined by Jon L. Herring). Crickets of the genus Tremellia (family Gryllidae) also were abundant in the cascade zone, although they must have hidden themselves along the banks of the stream for they were rarely seen except after poisoning with rotenone when the crickets were dying and hopping around like pop corn. Aquatic lepidop- teran larvae of the family Pyraustidae must also be common in the cas- cade zone, for they were found in large numbers in the stomachs of the common mountain goby (Sicyopus n. sp.), but they were not observed in the stream. A few nymphs of Ephemeroptera and Odonata were found under stones in the pools of the cascade zone. Several species of shrimps (identified by L. B. Holthuis) were col- lected in the pools with Acochlidium, of which the most abundant were Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius) and Atya pilipes Newport. Present but scarce were Macrobrachium placidulum (de Man), Atya spinipes New- port, Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards, and Caridina weberi De Man, for which optimum conditions are probably located elsewhere in the stream. The grapsoid crab Varuna litterata (Fabricius) was also present (identi- fied by Fenner A. Chace ). Other gastropods present were Neritina pulligera Lamarck and N. cornea Linnaeus, and unidentified species of Stenomelania and Thiara. The Neritinas were breeding freely and their egg cases bedecked their own shells and were found in patches all over the bedrock bottom of the stream. Egg cases and young snails were found only in this zone. 192 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Zoogeographical remarks: The discovery of this distinctive freshwater opisthobranch on a high island well out in the Pacific Ocean, hundreds of miles from the type locality and considerably removed from other high islands where it conceivably could occur, is noteworthy in itself. When the biology of the animal has been thoroughly investigated, the zoogeographic implications of its distribution may assume considerable significance. A study of its life history, to determine whether or not there is a free-swimming marine larval stage to account for its distribution in fresh water on widely separated high islands obviously would be of the utmost importance. It will also be necessary to test the physiological tol- erances of the adult animals to evaluate the possibility of chance dis- persal through natural or artificial means, although the delicate body form and the ecologically restricted distribution do not speak for the ex- ceptional lability and hardiness that such means of transport certainly would require. LITERATURE CITED Benthem Jutting, W.S.S. van. 1955. Siisswassermollusken von Sumba. Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel 66: 49-60. Bergh, R. 1895. Die Hedyliden, eine Familie der kladohepatischen Nudibranchien. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien 45: 1-12, pls. 1-2. Bucking, G. 1933. Hedyle amboinensis (Strubell). Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) 64: 549-582, Figs. 1-27, pl. 2. Odhner, Nils Hj. 1937. Hedylopsis suecica n. sp. und die Nacktsch- neckengruppe Acochlidiacea (Hedylacea). Zool. Anz. 120: 51-64, Figs. 1-15. 1938. Die Acochlidiaceen, eine eigentiimliche Opistho- branchiaten-Gruppe. Basteria 3: 5-11, Figs. 1-10. Strubell, A. 1892. [Demonstration and description of Acochlidium amboinense and A. paradoxum.| Untitled paragraph in: Sitzung der niederrheinischen Ges. 13. Juni 1892: 62, in: Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande, 49. Jg. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Fig. 1. a-h, Acochilidium amboinense Strubell: a—c.—Animals ex- tended and crawling; drawn from photographs. Actual length about 2.5 cm. d.—Spicules (enlarged according to adjacent 0.5 mm scale). e.— Rachidian teeth of portion of radula in region of active use; side view (enlarged according to 0.3 mm scale below). f.—Rachidian tooth and plates of one side of the radula; in situ (enlarged according to 0.3 mm scale below h). g.—Rachidian tooth dissected from radula; full face view (enlarged according to 0.3 mm scale below h). h.—Rachidian tooth and plates of one side of the radula (redrawn from Biicking to the same scale as Figs. f and g). i—Acochlidium weberi (Bergh). Rachidian teeth and plates of one side of the radula (redrawn from Bergh to the same scale as Figs. f, g and h). Opisthobranchiate Mollusk in the Palau Islands — 193 Fig. 2. Acochlidium amboinense Strubell. Retracted glans penis show- ing armature: a.—in lateral view. b.—in subterminal view. Fig. 3. Arakitaoch Stream, Airai Municipality, Babelthuap, Palau Islands: cascade zone in south fork of stream, habitat of Acochlidium amboinense Strubell. Photo by H. A. Fehlmann, 12 Sept. 1957. 194 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 5 7¢ Vo ‘4 .oc7?7s Vol. 73, pp. 195-196 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SAEDELEERIA, NEW GENUS OF THE FAMILY ALLOGROMIIDAE (FORAMINIFERA ) By ALFRED R. LoEBLICH, JR. AND HELEN TAPPAN California Research Corporation, La Habra, California and University of California at Los Angeles The genus Diplogromia was described by Rhumbler (1904: 214) as differing from Gromia Dujardin in the character of the pseudopodia, and in having a double walled shell. In- cluded in Diplogromia were the species Gromia brunneri Blanc, 1886, and Gromia gemma Penard, 1889. No type was originally cited for the genus, and Cushman (1928: 60) se- lected Gromia brunneri Blanc as type by subsequent designa- tion. De Saedeleer (1932: 67) emended Diplogromia, apparently overlooking Cushman’s earlier type designation, and restricted Diplogromia to include only Gromia gemma. He proposed the new genus Allelogromia, with Gromia brunneri Blanc as type species. Thus Allelogromia is a junior objective (isogeno- typic) synonym of Diplogromia Rhumbler, 1904. In recent publications Diplogromia has been included as a synonym of Gromia by some authors (Jirovec, 1953: 329; Kudo, 1954: 472), but both Diplogromia and Allelogromia were recognized by Deflandre (1953: 140), with Gromia gemma included in Diplogromia, and Gromia brunneri in Allelogromia. No comment was made as to the type species of Diplogromia or Allelogromia however. Inasmuch as Gromia brunneri had been fixed as the type of Diplogromia in 1928 (Cushman) and Allelogromia De Saede- leer, 1932, is thus a junior synonym, the generic taxon includ- ing Gromia gemma is left nameless, and Saedeleeria Loeblich and Tappan, new genus, is hereby proposed for it. _Diplogromia Rhumbler, 1904, type species Gromia brunneri 4 . } , / fg ~~ ’ 39— Proc, Brow. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 73, 1960 (195) y’ , : ' i of 196 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Blanc, fixed by subsequent designation by Cushman (1928: 60) contains the additional species Gromia squamosa Penard, 1888, and G. nigricans Penard, 1902. Gromia linearis Penard, originally included in Allelogromia by De Saedeleer, was made the type species of Penardogromia Deflandre (1953: 140). Saedeleeria Loeblich and Tappan, new genus Diplogromia Rhumbler of DE SAEDELEER, 1934 (not Diplogromia Rhumb- ler, 1904), Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique, Mém. 60: 67. Type species: Gromia gemma Penard, 1889. Monotypic. Granulo-reticulose pseudopodia, asymmetrically developed as a pseudo- podial “peduncle” in the apertural region; single chambered test with thick double-layered wall, outer layer with granular inclusions, inner layer homogeneous and hyaline; aperture rounded, with asymmetrical inverted neck. LITERATURE CITED Cushman, J. A. 1928. Foraminifera Their Classification and Economic Use. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Spec. Publ. No. 1, pp. 1-401. Deflandre, G. 1953. In Grassé, P., Traité de Zoologie, 1(1): 97-148. Jirovec, O. 1953. Protozoologie. Naklad. Cesk. Akad. Véd, Praha, 1-643. Kudo, R. R. 1954. Protozoology. 4th Ed., C. C. Thomas and Co., Springfield, IIl., pp. 1-966. Rhumbler, L. 1904. Systematische Zusammenstellung der recenten Reticulosa. Archiv. fur Protist., 3: 181-294. De Saedeleer, H. 1934. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Rhizopoden: morph- ologische und systematische Untersuchungen und ein Klassi- fikationsversuch. Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat. de Belgique, Mém. No. 66, pp. 1-112. wo. 0G 73 Vol. 73, pp. 197-198 . 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW CONIFER FEEDING APHID FROM WASHINGTON By F. C. Horres I wish to thank Dr. George Knowlton for sending me this species to determine. Cinara wahsugae, n. sp. Apterous viviparous female: Length 2.4 mm. Length of hind femora 1.42 mm. Length of hind tibiae 1.92 mm. Length of hind tarsal segments .105—.12 and .31 mm. Color not recorded, but cleared specimens have the head, thorax and abdomen brownish with the cornicles dark dusky brown. Antennal segments three, four and five pale except for light brown at the apex. Sixth segment brown. Femora pale at base, shading to dusky brown at apex. Hind tibiae pale tan to mid region, shading to dark brown on distal half. Pro- and mesothoracic tibiae pale except for short region near apex. Length of antennal segments as follows: III .49 mm, IV .18 mm, V .22 mm, VI .13 + .05 mm. Third antennal segment without sensoria. Fourth antennal segment with primary sensorium. Fifth antennal segment with one secondary sensorium and the primary. Hair on antennae fine, sparse, varying from .05—.75 mm in length, set at angle of about forty-five de- grees. Hairs on vertex of head about two times the length of the hairs on the antennae. Median transverse suture very dark. Ocular tubercles small. Hairs on metathoracic tibiae almost sparse, spaced for the most part not closer than their length on the outer margin and only slightly closer on the inner margin. The hairs are fine, set at an angle of about forty-five degrees and about .05 mm in length. Cornicles with outer margin very irregular. Cauda triangular in shape with numerous long hairs. Oviparous female: This form is very similar to the viviparous female in form. The sensoria on the metathoracic tibiae are few, limited to the basal third of segment which is hardly swollen. Alate male: The male of this species is poorly represented. Palmer has reconstructed the very much shriveled antenna. Holotype: Apterous viviparous female. Morphotype: oviparous female. Allotype: alate male. All types mounted on the same slide, which has been deposited in the United States National Museum. Collected by PRON BP Wasu., VoL. 73, 1960 (197) : att mi 198 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington W. W. Baker on “Hemlock” (Pseudotsuga) Victor Falls, Washington, 19 August 1936. Remarks: This species may be easily differentiated from other known species from this host by the character of the hairs on the metathoracic tibiae, they not being spine-like as in taxifoliae (S), and fewer and more widely spaced than in pseudotsugae (W) and pseudotaxifoliae Palmer. In the oviparous female of this species the sensoria do not extend to the apex of the metathoracic tibiae. Apt. Viv. (HoLot PE) 1 mere .Oc 7 3 Vol. 73, pp. 199-214 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON AND A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CINARA (FAMILY APHIDAE) LIVING ON PINUS EDULIS By F. C. Horres In 1919 Wilson gave notice that he had under preparation a Monograph of the Lachninae of North America, a group to which the genus Cinara belongs, but at that time looked upon as a synonym of Lachnus. We now know that Wilson’s pro- jected Monograph was already moribund, but for years his announcement kept alive the hope of its ultimate publication, and perhaps prevented others from undertaking the project. Since that time many new species have been described within the genus Cinara and it is felt that something less pretentious than a Monograph will serve a useful purpose until such a time when one can be undertaken. Because species of the genus Cinara have either specific or closely allied species of Coniferae as hosts, it has seemed logi- cal to use the host species as media to divide the species of the genus into more workable groups, hence this section of species which have Pinus edulis and Pinus monophylla for their host plants. The genus Cinara was erected by Curtis in 1835. It has Aphis pini Linnaeus as type, by action of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. (Opinion number 399, 1956.) For various reasons the name Cinara was not used by systematists for almost a hundred years, species being placed in the genus Lachnus erected by Burmeister in 1835. Lack of space here prevents full discussion concerning the use of these two generic names, and their type species in the past and present, but those desiring to pursue the subject further may find the articles by Hottes as published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 9(6): 166-182, 1954 and the rul- 31—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 73, 1960 (199) - a 7 200 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ings of the Commission as published in the same Journal in 1956 useful. More recently Borner has proposed a number of genera which aphidologists in America would normally place in the genus Cinara. At the present I do not accept or reject the gen- era which Borner coined from the genus Cinara as used in America, but it would seem that most if not all of these genera would serve a more useful purpose if viewed as subgenera. A Key To APTEROUS VIVIPAROUS FEMALES OF THE GENUS CINARA WHICH 10. i 12. HAVE PINUS EDULIS AND PINUS MONOPHYLLA AS Hosts Fourth segment of the rostrum .30 mm or more in length _________ 2 Fourth segment of the rostrum less than .25 mm in length ______ 3 Fourth segment of the rostrum longer than the third antennal SEgmeie tc aN BE. eed Ah Bw A OME C. puerca Hottes Fourth segment of the rostrum shorter than the third antennal S@GTIEM by ase Cub AR si We ee peal oa C. tanneri (Knowlton) Hairs on ventral surface of first metatarsal segment longer than Wa Ba Okey Seer Tn tN Sa oe a aR 4 Hairs on ventral surface of first metatarsal segment shorter than WACLEH- OE SEGIMeNt teste Ie Seah eR, 0 Rel 5 Cornicles with base varying from .27—.37 mm _____-----__--__-__ ul tomaen oe ne 08) GSO G Ne pai See a C. atra (Gillette and Palmer) Cornicles with base varying from .18—.21 mm _____. C. poketa Hottes Width of base of comicles -25 mmoor less) 2 ee 6 Width of base of cornicles .27 mm or more —__-__________-__ fa Metathoracic tibiae with extensive pale area ___ C. caliente Hottes Metathoracic tibiae without pale area _____________ C. poketa Hottes Hairs on outer surface of metathoracic tibiae varying from more than’45: degrees to 90, degrees) 2 ee eee 8 Hairs on outer surface of metathoracic tibiae set at angle of 45 Geereesmor less. 2 sk We ee ee a a ee 13 Fourth antennal segment without sensoria ___________ C. nitidula Hottes Fourth antennal segment with at least one sensorium __----------- 9 Hairs (onfaetathoracic’ tibiae) fine)" 2 ee 10 Hairs onvumetathoracie, tibiae coarse 20 2 ee eee ll Hairs on metathoracic tibiae almost at right angles, hairs on tibiae and antennae not numerous ________---__--------- C. rustica Hottes Hairs on metathoracic tibiae not almost at right angles, hairs on tibiae and antennae numerous -__....--.______---_- C. pinata Hottes Third antennal segment not over .33 mm in length __________. yrs sew et SL Oe ee Pe eime eet. C. nitidula Hottes Third antennal segment over .35 mm in length —__-----------_. 12 Dorsum of abdomen, anterior to transverse pigmented areas, free from pigmented spots __-_------ C. terminalis (Gillette and Palmer) Notes on Cinara Living on Pinus edulis 201 Dorsum of abdomen, anterior to transverse pigmented areas, with irregular pigmented areas ___._.____-____- C. wahtolca Hottes 13. Hairs on metathoracic tibiae not over .04 mm in length __..._.___ 14 Hairs on metathoracic tibiae over .04 mm in length ___._____ 15 14. Hairs on metathoracic tibiae blunt at end, hairs on dorsum of abdomen extremely short and blunt ___ C. atra (Gillette and Palmer ) Hairs on metathoracic tibiae sharp pointed, hairs on dorsum of abdomen not extremely short, sharp pointed —..... = ks sia pa ne enena alk ol ahcnblla, ya dhs ali (le C. apacheca Hottes and Butler 15. Hairs on vertex of head blunt, extremely short Se ee AE eee NN a eae CN AE C. atra (Gillette and Palmer) Hairs on vertex of head not extremely short 16 16. Cornicles with base measuring up to .60 mm __ C. edulis (Wilson) Cornicles with base measuring less than .40 mm ___-- 17 17. Pale area on metathoracic tibiae measuring about .45 mm, pig- mented areas anterior to transverse pigmented areas large and DilGekctikes tc eee a RS PAN oe set C. pinona Hottes Pale area on metathoracic tibiae .60 mm or more, pigmented areas anterior to transverse pigmented areas absent or frag- IAS 05; 6 WNemee See Mee ieee aes teh LUN Wy De aaa C. metalica Hottes Cinara apacheca Hottes and Butler Cinara apacheca Hottes and Butler 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 65-66. Original descriptions of alate and apterous viviparous fe- males. Hottes, 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 70 and figs. Holotype and morphotype in the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous females 2.93—3.00 mm. This species, known only from the first collection, may be easily identi- fied in the mounted state. The short, heavy, strongly curved hairs on the metathoracic tibiae are spaced so close as to be almost fur-like. The cornicles have a very irregular margin which is much closer to the orifice in the posterior region than elsewhere. Hairs on the cornicles are scarce. The hairs on the anterior margin of the metathoracic tibiae are spine- like. Specimens of this species may be taken on the twigs among the needles of young vigorous trees. Repeated trips have been made to the type locality for more material without success. Cinara atra (Gillette and Palmer ) Lachus ater (Gillette and Palmer), 1924. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 17: 37-39, figs., plates XII and XIII. Original description of all forms. Type in United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous females 2.00-—3.00 mm. This black or dark brown species is free from all powder. Apterous specimens of this species have the thorax rather long and narrow, dis- tinctly neck-like. Body hairs are very sparse and extremely short and 202 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington squarely cut at the end. Hairs on the tibiae and tarsal segments are sub- ject to much variation as to length and condition at the end, being squarely cut at the end if short or sharp pointed if long. Hairs on the outer margin of the tibiae often differ from those on the inner margin as to length and condition at apex. When in good view and not wom, the hairs on the ventral surface of the first metatarsal segment are longer than the width of segment with the terminal hairs strongly bent or hooked. Specimens of this species seem to show a preference for young, vigor- ous trees where they feed on the smooth bark of small branches. The colonies are never large. Cinara caliente Hottes Cinara caliente Hottes, 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 197-199, figs. Original description of all forms. Holotype, morphotypes and allotype in the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous females 2.02—2.17 mm. This trim little species is probably more widely distributed than col- lection records indicate. Because of its small size and protective colora- tion which is exactly the same color as the needle-free color of the bark of twigs upon which it feeds, this species is extremely difficult to detect. It is one of the most easily determined species of the group feeding on Pinus edulis and Pinus monophylla. It has extensive pale areas on the metathoracic tibiae and femora, and the third antennal segment is mostly pale. The cornicles are small and almost hair free, with the outer margin very irregular. In Colorado, I have only taken it in the type locality north of Delta. In September 1959, I took it near Springerville, Arizona; these specimens were almost black. R. C. Dickson has sent me material from California taken on Pinus monophylla. The California material for the most part lacks the wart-like pigmented areas on the dor- sum of the abdomen. This material is slightly larger than the Colorado material, has the outer margin of the cornicles more regular and a few more hairs on the cornicles. Cinara edulis (Wilson ) Lachniella edulis (Wilson), 1919. The Canadian Entomologist, 51: 44— 45. Original description apterous and alate viviparous females. Lachnus edulis (Wilson). Palmer, Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 19: 314-317, pls. XXVII and XXVIII. Descriptions of all forms. Cotypes, Granovsky and Colorado Agricultural Experimental Station Collections. Size range apterous viviparous females 3.00—4.00 mm. This species, the first to be described from Pinus edulis, has also been recorded from Pinus monophylla. It is widely distributed. I am not sure that all records for this species apply to it. Some colonies of this species Notes on Cinara Living on Pinus edulis 203 50 Sen.0-! Mt \8 = 21-24 13 bie! sen. 2-3 pes eae ee Re ~ ane + es Nata eee Was 3 AS 09 SSN ir WN Zs Apt: Viv. a 1eoneit} \ se gE EN Apt. Vi¥, Spies Sen ot) © td Ta ° 5 -~ IB: a B 20 is Ss ' me 16--.!) 204 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington are jet black, shining, with a well-marked median line of powder. Some are jet black without the median line; such have coarse hairs on the dor- sum of the abdomen. Other colonies are more of a gun-metal color with an indistinct median line of powder. I am aware of other color variations. The relative length of the fourth and fifth antennal segments of edulis as now determined are also confusing, as well as the character of the hairs on the tibiae. Perhaps we are dealing with several emergent species. Palmer (1926) indicates powder anterior to the cornicles of the ap- terous viviparous female in her figure, but makes no mention of these patches in her text—in fact, ruling them out. In 1952 Palmer gives the common name “The Black and White Spotted Pinyon Pine Aphid” to this species. It is hardly suitable. When in good view the mesosternal tubercle is very well developed, being almost as wide as long with the apex truncate. This species is as a rule found in large colonies. It seems to show a preference for the needle-free bark of older branches or the trunks of young trees. Cinara metalica Hottes Cinara metalica Hottes, 1956. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 85-87. Original description of oviparous female and alate male. Hottes, 1956. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 222, figs. Holotype and allotype in the United States National Museum. Apterous viviparous female: Similar in size to oviparous female. Head and thorax lightly pruinose, abdomen to region of cornicles irregularly pruinose. Cornicles brownish bronze more or less two toned, with the constricted area darker. Dorsum of abdomen posterior to cornicles bronze and highly polished. Antennal segments with the following lengths: III .28—.42 mm (as a rule .39 mm or less), IV .15—.18, V .18—.21, VI .09 + .04 mm. Sensoria distributed as follows: II none, IV none or with one, V one. Mesosternal tubercle well developed; not truncate, but more or less nipple-like. Hair on antennal segments rather sparse, set at an angle of about 45 degrees or slightly more; not much if any longer than width of segment. Length of hind tibiae about 2.55 mm. Hairs on hind tibiae numerous, set at an angle of less than 45 degrees and shorter than width of segment (longest about .045 mm to almost .06 mm). Metathoracic tarsal segments .09 and .18—.21 mm. Cornicles two toned about .30-.32 mm with the outer rim very irregular; as a rule with one or more clear areas, provided with few hairs. Transverse pigmented areas anterior to cauda provided with a single row of hairs along the posterior margin. Pigmented areas anterior to transverse pigmented areas as a rule absent; when present, fragmented and small. Morphotype: Apterous viviparous female taken at Springerville, Ari- zona, the type locality, but reared at Grand Junction, Colorado, 26 Sep- tember 1956. Deposited in the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous females 3.37—3.60 mm. This species may be easily identified in the field. No other species on a os ay WS vhben 4 Meg | ; 08 I ONF pS .08-. .29-,33 Jf 1418 &-Sen.Q-4 ) ! \ Ray ialgly 6 $2934 of —13 16 -J18 .08 ~ : 1501-85 > 206 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Pinus edulis has the abdomen so mottled with pruinose and the cornicles and tip of abdomen with such a metallic luster. The mesosternal tubercle is well developed. The male of this species was described as alate al- though the wings were vestigial. Since the first male was taken, two other males have been reared in Grand Junction from material taken in Arizona. They also have vestigial wings. The mesothoracic wings are flap-like and about .15 mm in length with the basal portion thickly clothed with hairs. The metathoracic wings are slightly longer but finger- like and free from hairs. The sensoria on the antennae of the males of this species are more tuberculate and fewer in number, as well as smaller than the sensoria of the males of C. pinona. Specimens of this species seem to prefer the young, vigorous trees with greenish bark. Here they live on the younger branches among the need- les. Colonies of this species are often mixed with C. rustica Hottes. Cinara nitidula Hottes Cinara nitidula Hottes, 1954. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 67: 256-258. Original description alate and apterous viviparous females. Hottes, 1956. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 91-92. Description of apterous male and oviparous female. Hottes, 1956. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 72, figs. Hottes, 1956. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 223, figs. All types in the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous females 2.02—2.29 mm. This rather small species varies from various shades of brown to almost if not quite black; both the thorax and the abdomen are highly polished, only the sides of the thorax being provided with powder. The fourth antennal segment lacks sensoria in both the apterous and alate viviparous females; sensoria are also lacking on the third segment of the apterous viviparous females. The hind tibiae have a rather extensive pale area, and the hairs are rather coarse and upstanding. From near the base to well beyond the middle of the tibiae the hairs are spaced nearly as far apart as their length. This species appears to be allied to C. terminalis but differs from that species in color, smaller size, more extensive corni- cles which are also much darker, and from most terminalis in having shorter hairs on the tibiae. This species seems to be very specific in its host requirements. It can only be taken on older terminal branches of mature trees which have a yellow bark and large scales among which they may be taken. Cinara pinata Hottes Cinara pinata Hottes, 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 199-202, figs. Original description of all forms. Holotype and other types in the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous females 2.97—3.36 mm. The most outstanding feature of this species is the abundance of hairs Notes on Cinara Living on Pinus edulis 207 on the antennal segments, on the third segment averaging about 45, and the short, thick, stubby sixth antennal segment which is provided with numerous hairs. This species is rather common in its type locality where it lives in large colonies on the smaller terminal branches among the needles. I have only taken it on older trees where the branches have a yellowish bark and large scales, and when these qualifications are met, it may be easily reared. Cinara pinona Hottes Cinara pinona Hottes, 1953. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 66: 153-155. Original description of apterous and alate viviparous females. Hottes, 1954. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 67: 90-91. Description of alate male and oviparous female. Hottes, 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 104 figs. of all forms. Holotype and other types in the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous females 3.14—3.26 mm. This dark brown species has been seen frequently in its type locality since being described; it has also been taken in Mesa Verde National Park. Specimens of this species seem to prefer older trees whose bark is brownish, and whose twigs are more or less yellowish with large yellow scales, but they may also be taken on younger trees. The specimens live in large colonies on the twigs among the needles. Living specimens may be easily separated from C. metalica because of the high polish and color and lack of metallic luster on the cornicles and apex of abdomen. Mounted specimens are more difficult to differentiate. The males of pinona are alate; the males of metalica have the wings vestigial so far as known. I suspect that this species has been confused with C. edulis in collections. It may be easily separated from edulis by the smaller size, smaller cornicles and much smaller mesosternal tubercle, as well as shorter antennal segments. The tibiae have the same color pattern but are not so dark. Cinara poketa Hottes Cinara poketa Hottes, 1956. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 220-221 figs. Original description of apterous viviparous female. Holotype in the United States National Museum. Size of apterous viviparous female 2.60 mm. Since this species was described I have made several trips to the type locality in Arizona for more material, all unsuccessful, until the fall of 1959 when I collected what I have determined as this species a mile or so north of Grand Canyon National Park. The specimens were brought to Colorado alive and from them oviparous females have been reared. This species as indicated in the original description is allied to C. atra and shows the same variations as atra as to hair length on the tibiae and character of the hairs at the apex. C. poketa has the cornicles much smaller and the hairs on the vertex much finer than shown by these structures in atra. Like atra, poketa has a narrow thorax. 208 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Apt. Viv. Morphoty pe of of rom pata- 5 torphotype 4 Ghai SS nn Plate" neat 7: R Fen Plate Hd Ta, NI ODE KEE et! a 05. Cees i LN = .2.5-.28 ) o ‘° % T Hi “. AEASINSS Nast xAisG Mp Ax Notes on Cinara Living on Pinus edulis 209 Oviparous female: Females of this form are much like the apterous viviparous females. The metathoracic tibiae are rather swollen on the basal half, the sensoria are extremely difficult to differentiate and one has the feeling that there are more present than the four or five which may be seen with difficulty. Palmer shows the sensoria much more nu- merous and extending almost to the end in C. atra. Morphotype: Oviparous female reared from specimens taken in Ari- zona in September on Pinus edulis taken at Grand Junction, Colorado, 20 October 1959. Deposited in the United States National Museum. Cinara puerca Hottes Cinara puerca Hottes, 1954. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 67: 251-253. Original description of apterous viviparous female. Hottes, 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 69-73, figs. Description of alate viviparous female. Holotype and morphotype in the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous female 3.00—4.36 mm. This species is closely allied to C. tanneri (Knowlton) and differs from that species in having the fourth segment of the rostrum longer than the third antennal segment, a shorter third antennal segment, and the corni- cles not fragmented, and with more hairs. C. puerca lives in sheds of either soil or fragmented bark, constructed by ants, or beneath loose scales of bark, or within deep fissures between large scales of bark on the trunks. I have collected this species in Arizona just outside Grand Canyon National Park. Cinara rustica Hottes Cinara rustica Hottes, 1956. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 83-85. Original description oviparous and apterous viviparous females. Hottes, 1956. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 222, figs. Hottes, 1957. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 70: 14, figs. Description alate viviparous female. Holotype and morphotypes in the United States National Museum. Allotype apterous male described herewith deposited in the United States National Museum. Apterous male: Color of body uniform gray due to light pruinescence. Length from vertex of head to end of cauda varying from 2.35—2.40 mm. Lengths of antennal segments as follows: III .38 mm, IV .15 mm, V .23 mm, VI .10 + .03 mm. Sensoria distributed as follows: III 12-18 plus primary, IV 4~7 plus primary, V 5-8 plus primary, VI one secondary. All sensoria are small and slightly tuberculate. Width of base of corni- cles .33 mm. Length of metathoracic tibiae 1.46 mm. Specimen taken on Pinus edulis, Grand Junction, Colorado, 20 October 1959, reared from material taken at Springerville, Arizona, the type locality, early in Sep- tember. Range in size of apterous viviparous females 3.22—3.37 mm. C. rustica is a very distinct species. Specimens are very easily identi- ———————————— 210 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington fied in the field or mounted. Live specimens have the head and thorax and abdomen to just posterior to the comicles gray due to a light but uniform amount of powder. The region just posterior to the cornicles is a dull chocolate brown. Mounted specimens may be determined by their comparatively short, not numerous, hairs on the metathoracic tibiae which are upstanding. The hairs on the antennae and tibiae are fine Gen. Plate Notes on Cinara Living on Pinus edulis 211 and rather widely spaced. Colonies of this species are never large, they show a preference for young, vigorous trees where they live on the needle free of more mature twigs, or on the trunks of young trees. Cinara tanneri ( Knowlton ) Lachnus edulis tanneri Knowlton, 1930. The Canadian Entomologist, 62: 155-156, figs. Original description apterous viviparous female. De- scription of alate not of this species. Palmer, 1952. Aphids of the Rocky Mountain Region, p. 49. Description of apterous viviparous female. Hottes, 1954. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 67: 253. Hottes, 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 68, figs. Lectotype selected by Hottes, but indicated by Knowlton. In Knowl- ton collection. Size of apterous viivparous female 4.00 mm. The material from which Knowlton described this species consists of a mixture of tanneri as restricted by Palmer in 1952 and edulis. The cornicles of tanneri often consist of two distinct parts: a restricted por- tion as shown by Palmer in the figure published by Hottes which may exist alone, or a restricted portion separate from, but associated with a fragmented basal portion made up of one or more parts which together make up from one fourth to one half of what would be the normal base. The hairs on the cornicles of this species are sparse; those on the antennae and tibiae comparatively so. The fourth segment of the rostrum varies in length from .30-.37 mm but is always shorter than the third antennal segment. Tanner took his material on Pinus monophylla. Knowlton has taken it on Pinus edulis under loose bark. Cinara terminalis (Gillette and Palmer ) Lachnus terminalis (Gillette and Palmer), 1924. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 17: 19-21, figs. Original description all forms. All types in the United States National Museum. ° Body length of apterous viviparous female 2.25 mm. This is the only Cinara species now known to feed on the young, tender terminal twigs of Pinus edulis, specimens being found in this location before the needles have fully developed. I am not sure we are dealing with only one species, because some apterous viviparous females are a pale pea green, while others are a light cinnamon brown. The hairs on the antennae and metathoracic tibiae also show two forms as to length, quality and angle. Palmer (1952) shows the hairs on the metathoracic tibiae longer than the hairs on the metathoracic tibiae of the apterous. I have seen such, and also the reverse. In each case the hairs are quite upstanding. She has selected as the lectotype the alate viviparous female taken on Pinus edulis, Ow] Canyon, 5 October 1922 (the only alate taken on this © Note from Prof. Palmer. 212 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Alate Viy. (LEc ToT ypEH) oS aroPren = 50590 Oo SO eo ofS 39, 0a%_990900 Os0n aT a 20 08% Oa oe ae eee, C OGOS sao ere OE Sos F— ~—s ©8o5~S a SO eSBs ofa S200 09700 d ye Coo 89,0 -10- 4 : VE SP eSeA y ZL A cow are ~ CSAS op Ee, LE IL-LA-4A Sy eS SEBS S02 B80 S Lz a or 0 ones Bek es S SOIR Ra eS RE Cr \ \' nw sy; <| ~ lA, 82—Proc. Brot. Soc, Wasu., VoL. 73, 1960 (215) \\ : ¥ . » A 216 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ern Luzon is so sexed. It is therefore possible only to mention apparent trends in size when characterizing the subspecies. Specimens for this study were borrowed from the American Museum of Natural History, United States National Museum, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and Chicago Natural History Museum. I am indebted to the respective authorities of those institutions; and to Robert W. Storer, who compared selected specimens with the type of panayensis, now at the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. After this paper had been essentially completed, additional specimens were examined at the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. With the exception of a single specimen from Mt. Santo Tomas, Luzén, the Yale specimens were neither measured nor listed among the “Specimens Examined” beyond. A. L. Rand, who had studied this species several years ago, kindly gave me the benefit of a summary of his conclusions, which proved to be almost exactly those I had reached inde- pendently. Culicicapa helianthea helianthea (Wallace ) Muscicapa helianthea Wallace, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 476 (Menado, Celebes ). Characters: See comparison with other races, beyond. Range: Celebes. Specimens examined: Celebes (various localities), 5. A larger series was used for initial comparisons in New York, but these five were taken to Carnegie Museum for detailed comparisons. Measurements: ¢ wing (flat) 61, 63; tail 51, 51. 9 wing 58.5, 59, 60; tail 48, 48, 50. Culicicapa helianthea panayensis (Sharpe) Xantholestes panayensis Sharpe, 1877. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 2nd ser., Zoology, 1: 327 (Panay). Characters: Although this is the subspecies of longest standing, it is the least well differentiated. I have seen no Panay specimens. These comparisons are based on specimens from Negros, Mindanao, and Pala- wan, among which there are no appreciable differences in color (Palawan specimens average slightly larger than the others). Storer’s remarks on the type specimen are quoted beyond. This race is close to helianthea, but averages slightly richer yellow below, especially on the throat; the yellow rump-patch averages slightly more extensive; the eye-ring is some- what duller, contrasting less with the sides of the head, which are less intensively yellow than in helianthea; averages slightly smaller in size. Races of the Citrine Canary Flycatcher 217 The supposed difference between helianthea and panayensis in bill and foot color mentioned by Peters (1939: 114) is invalid; collectors’ notes on labels indicate that both in Celebes and in the Philippines, bills may be either black or sepia, and feet from yellow to dark brown. Material at hand is insufficient to determine whether this variation in soft-part colors may be related to age, sex or season. A single male from Leyte in the American Museum of Natural History is somewhat less golden yellow, especially on the rump, than any of the series of panayensis, and is also slightly smaller than any of the males of that race examined (wing 56, tail 44). More strikingly different from the rest of the series is a single unsexed specimen, now in Carnegie Mu- seum, collected by Bourns and Worcester at Toledo, Cebu, 13 June 1892. It has the rump-patch virtually obsolete (this may in part be an artifact, as some of the feathers of this area may be missing); it is darker, less yellow dorsally, and paler below, especially on the throat and face. It is within the size range of panayensis (wing 59.5, tail 49). I have seen no other Cebti specimens, and McGregor (1909: 472) lists only Bourns and Worcester as having collected the species on that island. It is possible that this specimen represents an extinct Cebti endemic subspecies, as Rabor (1959: 40) looked for the species on Cebu in vain. Storer (letter of 15 April 1960) describes the type of panayensis as “a pretty miserable specimen, lacking the tail and most of one wing (other wing 57 mm) and with the feathers of the face matted and use- less for comparison . . . [It] is intermediate in back color between the Cebu and Negros birds but nearer the Negros bird. Its throat is more like that of the Cebu bird. My opinion, for what it is worth, is that the difference in the throat could be one of age.” In view of the sparsity of material, and of the poor condition of the single Panay and Cebit speci- mens, it would appear that the best treatment at present would be to use the name panayensis for the populations of all of the islands listed below. Range: Panay, Negros, Mindanao, Palawan, PLeyte, PCebu. Bourns and Worcester (1894: 41) also list panayensis from Tablas, Romblén, Sibuyan, Guimaras, Masbate, and Siquijor, but I have been unable to determine the basis for these supposed records. These islands are not listed by McGregor (loc. cit.). Specimens examined: NEGROS: Lake BalinsasAyao, 4; Cuermos de Negros, 4; Canlaén Volcano, 1; Bais, 1. MINDANAO: Lake Lanao, 4; Ayala, 2; Sumilao, 2; Mt. Apo, 1; Pantar, 1. PALAWAN: Puerto Prin- cesa, 5; Taguso, 1; Aborlan, 1; unspecified, 1. CEBU: Toledo, 1. LEYTE: “Mts. of north Leyte,” 1. Measurements: (Cebit and Leyte specimens omitted; Palawan meas- urements italicized): @ wing 57, 57, 57, 58, 58.5, 59, 59.5, 60, 60, 60.5, 61.5; tail 45, 47, 47, 47, 47.5, 47.5, 48.5, 49, 49.5, 50, 51, 51.5. 9 wing 53, 55, 55, 55.5, 56, 56.5, 57.5, 57.5, 58, 58, 58.5, 59, 59; tail 45, 45.5, 46, 46, 47, 47, 47.5, 48, 48, 48.5, 48.5, 50, 50. Type of panayensis (meas- ured by R. W. Storer), 4 wing 57. 218 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Culicicapa helianthea mayri Deignan Culicicapa helianthea mayri Deignan, 1947. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 60: 61 (Tataan, Tawitawi Island, Sulu Archipelago). Characters: Less richly yellow than panayensis on rump and under- parts; paler and grayer on throat; green of crown and back less suffused with golden yellow; cheeks relatively paler, contrasting more with crown; averages smaller than panayensis, especially in tail length. This descrip- tion is based on topotypes from Tawitawi; the two Bongao specimens seen are somewhat larger and generally darker in color. I tentatively follow Deignan in assigning them to mayri, but additional material from Bongao might well support separation of an additional subspecies from that tiny island, unlikely as this may seem. There is precedent in the species Parus elegans, in which the subspecies bongaoensis is remarkably different from the subspecies suluensis found on Tawitawi (Parkes, 1958: 105). Range: Known only from Tawitawi Island in the Sulus; birds from adjacent Bongao Island tentatively placed here. Specimens examined: TAWITAWI: Tataan, 6. BONGAO, 2. Measurements: Tawitawi 9° wing 54.5, 55, 55, 56, 56, 57; tail 42, 44, 44, 44.5, 45, 46 [no males seen]. Bongao ¢ wing 58, tail 48; 2 wing 59.5, tail 47. Culicicapa helianthea septentrionalis, new subspecies Type: U.S.N.M. no. 200638, adult ¢, Mount Santo Tomas (7000 feet), Benguet, Mountain Province, Luzén, Philippine Islands; collected 10 December 1905, by E. A. Mearns (original no. 13810). Characters: Much less brightly golden yellow below than either helian- thea or panayensis; ventral color deeper than mayri; anterior underparts with dusky appearance due at least in part to more extensive and darker gray bases of yellow feathers; lores dark, the color of the crown, rather than yellow as in the southern races; back and crown with less golden yellow wash than panayensis, much darker than mayri, with a more sharply defined rump-patch; size as in panayensis. Range: Known from two areas in the highlands of the western half of northern Luzon, Philippine Islands. Specimens examined (all localities on Luzén): Mountain Province (Benguet subprovince): Mt. Santo Tomas, 3; Irisan, 3; Baguio, 1; Haight’s-in-the-Oaks, 1; 3 miles above Twin Peaks, 1; “Benguet, 6000 feet,” 2. Ilocos Norte Province: Mt. Simminublan (Mt. Sicapo-o), 2. Measurements: 6 wing 55, 55.5, 57, 57, 58, 58, 58.5, 59, 60; tail 47, 47, 47.5, 48, 48, 48.5, 48.5, 49, 49. 9 wing 57, tail 48. Culicicapa helianthea zimmeri, new subspecies Type: A.M.N.H. no. 296129, adult ¢, Mount San Cristébal, Laguna Province, Luzén, Philippine Islands; collected 21 November 1915, by J. T. Zimmer (original no. 1306). Races of the Citrine Canary Flycatcher 219 Characters: Similar in dark dorsal color to septentrionalis, but rump- patch slightly more golden, less greenish yellow; edges of rectrices deeper, richer yellow than in any other race, having almost an orange cast; the darkest race ventrally, the underparts being a rich, deep yellow, shaded with citrine anteriorly; axillars bright yellow, contrasting sharply with dark sides of breast; smallest of the races in average size. Range: Known only from the mountains of southeastern Laguna Prov- ince, on the Laguna-Tayabas provincial border, south-central Luzén, Philippine Islands. Specimens examined (all localities on Luzén): Laguna Province: Mt. Banahao, 3; Mt. San Cristébal, 1. The latter specimen was inadvertently listed by Zimmer (1918: 226) as being from Mt. Banahao, an error of little moment as these two mountains are immediately adjacent to one another. Measurements: ¢@ wing 55, 55, 56; tail 45, 46, 48. 9 wing 54.5, tail 46. Remarks: The fame of the late John T. Zimmer as an authority on South American birds has tended to eclipse his contributions to our knowledge of Philippine birds, which remain unknown to many. His collection of meticulously labelled Philippine specimens, now at the American Museum of Natural History, has been of immense help to me in my studies. It is a pleasure for me to name this distinctive subspecies, which he alone appears to have collected, in his memory. LITERATURE CITED Bourns, Frank S. and Dean C. Worcester. 1894. Preliminary notes on the birds and mammals collected by the Menage Scientific Expedition to the Philippine Islands. Occ. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1: 1-64. McGregor, Richard C. 1909. A manual of Philippine birds. Bur. Sci., Manila: x + 769 pp. Parkes, Kenneth C. 1958. A revision of the Philippine Elegant Tit- mouse (Parus elegans). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71: 95-106. Peters, James L. 1939. Collections from the Philippine Islands. Birds. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 86: 74-128. Rabor, D.S. 1959. The impact of deforestation on birds of Cebu, Phil- ippines, with new records for that island. Auk, 76: 37-43. Vaurie, Charles. 1953. A generic revision of flycatchers of the tribe Muscicapini. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 100: 453-538. Zimmer, John T. 1918. A few rare birds from Luzon and Mindoro. Philippine Jour. Sci., 13, sect. D: 223-232. 220 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington mrt. 0G (3 Vol. 73, pp. 221-234 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON AND A KEY TO SPECIES OF CINARA (FAMILY APHIDAE) WHICH HAVE ABIES SP. AS HOST By F. C. Horres It is a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance of Louis Gentner, Carl Johansen and Joe Schuh who are fortunate to live in a region where Abies sp. are abundant, and who have supplied me with much of the material treated in this section. Cinara abieticola (Cholodkovsky ) Lachnus abieticola L, 1899. Zool. Anz. 22: 470-471, fig. Original de- scription apterous viviparous female. Lachnus vanduzei Swain, 1919. A Synopsis of the Aphididae of Cali- fornia, pp. 50-51, fig. Pl. V. Lachnus piceae (Walker), 1921. Swain Ent. News, 32: 225-227. C. abieticola (C) Hottes and Essig, 1954. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 67: 95-96, figs. p. 97. Location of type not known. Size range apterous viviparous females up to 5.75 mm. I have seen slide material of this species from Europe and from our Eastern and Western Coasts, but have never taken it alive. It is reported to spend the summers on the roots of Abies sp. This species is very close to C. lasiocarpae (G & P). It differs from that species in having the hairs on the cornicles contrasting sharply in texture, in having the second tarsal segment shorter and the hairs on the tibiae much longer, and more upstanding. This species is not confined to one species of Abies but has also been taken on Picea and Cedrus. Cinara alacra Hottes and Essig Cinara alacra Hottes and Essig, 1953. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 66: 205-206, figs. p. 210. Original description apterous viviparous female. Holotype in collection of E. O. Essig. Size apterous viviparous female 4.57 mm. This species is known only from the apterous viviparous female. The features which characterize this species are the cornicles with two types of hair, the course spine-like hairs on the tibiae and the numerous coarse 33—P Brot. $ = Wasu., Vou. 73, 1960 221 tie Nia: ‘ (221) i / / : y v cs | =

= Oo QO0ao QO QRROR NTE a SS s Apt Viv 4 Tf : DI VIV. y y ‘ LALA CLILLI AMAA AL MLLAL Zs Ue: = SOU: SOS. a: e De : AOE 20 re ! ee SOF te = FN pany: 50 Le OFS | 8 Hd.Ta, : ie 7 BERETS e LILES wee R CNN Lio y aso SST Hd. Ta: 15 Cpectinata 17) Rico CINARA ALACRA H.&E. 0 CINARA CHINOOKIANA H. hairs on the dorsum of the abdomen, some of which arise from pigmented areas of various sizes. The type locality of this species is Santa Rosa Mountain, near Paradise, Nevada. Dickson has taken this species on Santa Rosa Peak, San Jacinto Mountains in southern California. So far as known Abies concolor is the only host. Cinara chinookiana Hottes Cinara chinookiana Hottes, 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 67— 69, figs. p. 68. Original description apterous viviparous female. | Hottes, 1957. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 70: 12-13, description apter- ous male and oviparous female, figs. p. 15. Notes on Cinara Which Have Abies sp. As Host — 223 Holotype and other types in the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous female 3.29-3.50 mm. The alate viviparous female of this species has not been taken. The transverse pigmented spots of this species are very irregular and have tooth-like projections on the margins. The cornicles extend further forward from the oriface than posterior, and the restricted portion is not as dark as the outer margin. The outer hairs on the metathoracic tibiae are much coarser than the hairs on the inner margin, quite upstanding and considerably longer than the width of the tibiae. This species is known from Washington and Oregon. This species is known only from Abies lasiocarpa. Cinara curtihirsuta Hottes and Essig Cinara curtihirsuta Hottes and Essig, 1954. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 67: 275-276. Original description alate viviparous female. Hottes, 1957. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 70: 15-16, description apter- ous viviparous female, figs. Holotype in collection of E. O. Essig. Morphotype in the collection of the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous female 3.67 mm. This species is probably more widely distributed than published records indicate. I have taken it in Oregon and in Arizona, always on Abies concolor, the host on which the first material was taken. In life, this species is outstandingly conspicuous; the head is a dull pinkish red and the body gray, slightly pruinose. Arizona specimens were just as con- spicuous as the specimens taken in Oregon but were of one color, being a light amber and almost translucent. Alate specimens have the sensoria on the third antennal segment num- bering up to ten. They are arranged in a straight row and are very large. The hairs on the antennae are about .03 mm long in the apterous form and slightly longer in the alate. The metathoracic tibiae have the hairs varying from .03-.04 mm. The hairs on the cornicles are almost con- fined to the restricted portion of the cornicle. Specimens of this species feed on the terminal branches among the needles and on the upper portion of the trunks of young trees. Cinara curvipes ( Patch) Lachnus curvipes (Patch), 1912. Maine Agric. Exper. Sta. Bull., No. 202, pp. 161-163. Original description of all forms; figures. Types in the collection of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station; so far as known lectotype not indicated. Cinara utahensis Knowlton and Smith, 1938. Ent. News, 49: 66-68, figs. Synonym. Size range of apterous viviparous females up to .05 mm, This species is widely distributed in the United States and probably occurs wherever Abies sp. grow. I have taken it on Abies concolor, Abies 224 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Alate Viy (HoLoTYPE) eae SR ae oe : ny: S54. ° . . QUIERES SISOS, fo} b Cg Ney PCCM ULNA | SS) AG’ | 4 9 Hd. Tib. Te GenPLth A® S LV. Hd. 7, Kea we ./6— 88 3d \Alatoid Noh CE Ti dD > : CINARA CURVIPES (P) Apt. Viv. (HoLoTYPE) LS s Cee (LEE EEE S65 : .53 Sen. |-3 SORE oom ae ee L ae ™. ae --.60 A is ce atte Sec! 8 Mews a =" CINARA GENTNERI #H. a 3 @ CINARA GRANDE H. Notes on Cinara Which Have Abies sp. As Host = 225 lasiocarpa, Abies grandis. Palmer records it from Picea engelmanni, and Essig has taken it on Cedrus deodora. The hairs on the antennal segments and tibiae of this species may differ as to type. Sometimes the hairs on these structures are short and blunt at the end; at other times the hairs are longer with the apical half very fine and drawn out to a fine, droopy point. The hairs on the tibiae, re- gardless of type, are always shorter than the width of the tibiae. The hairs on the cornicles are confined largely to the restricted portion. Speci- mens of this species live on the bark of young branches and on the trunks of young trees. The hind tibiae are given to much variation as to length but are always more or less bent, a condition shared by many species of this genus. Cinara gentneri Hottes Cinara gentneri Hottes, 1957. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 70: 1-3, figs. p. 8. Original description apterous viviparous and oviparous females. Holotype and morphotype in the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous female 5.55—5.77 mm. The alate viviparous female and the male of this species have yet to be described. The genital plate of this species is the most characteristic feature of this rather large species; it is large and one-half as deep as it is wide; it is provided with numerous hairs. This species is known only from Oregon and Abies grandis is its only known host. Cinara grande Hottes Cinara grande Hottes, 1956. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 219-220, figs. p. 223. Original description apterous viviparous female. Holotype in the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous females 4.80—5.10 mm. This species, known from only one collection, has defied repeated efforts to add additional forms to our knowledge. So effectively has it eluded me that I suspect that it migrates to the roots, and that my collect- ing trips were not correctly timed. Specimens of this species have no pigmented spots on the dorsum of the abdomen. The cornicles have nu- merous hairs, all of one type. The hairs on the metathoracic tibiae are longer than the width of the tibiae and quite upstanding. Known from Abies concolor on which it was taken from the trunk of a young tree. Cinara hirta Hottes and Essig Cinara hirta Hottes and Essig, 1953. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 66: 209-210, figs. p. 210. Original description apterous viviparous female. Holotype in collection of E. O. Essig. Size range apterous viviparous females 3.43-4.00 mm. Despite repeated efforts to collect additional forms of this species, it 226 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington is known only from the.apterous viviparous form. I have taken this spe- cies on Abies concolor in the Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson. They were located on the twigs among the needles and were taken soli- tary. The specimens were a light uniform buff. The body hairs of this species are very abundant, so that the body appears to be covered with fur, the hairs overlapping one another. At the apex the hairs suggest the apex of a nail. The anterior and posterior margins of the cornicles lie within the lateral pigmented areas, so that the extent of the cornicles in these directions is difficult to determine. Cinara kiusa Hottes Cinara kiusa Hottes, 1957. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 70: 3-4, figs. p. 8. Original description apterous viviparous female. Holotype in the United States National Museum. Range in size apterous viviparous females 3.25—3.67 mm. This species is known only from the original collection of apterous viviparous females, taken at Bly, Oregon, on Abies concolor. The an- tennal segments of this species have numerous rather short, fine hairs for the most part not longer, or but little longer, than the width of third segment. The unguis is finger-like. The hairs on the tibiae are numerous, fine and shorter than the width of tibiae. To locate Abies concolor near Bly one must continue on the highway east of Bly for ten or twelve miles and turn left on a forestry road, just as the highway turns downhill to the right. This area has given us four little known species of Cinara. Cinara lasiocarpae (Gillette and Palmer ) Lachnus lasiocarpae Gillette and Palmer, 1930. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 23: 543-544, figs. pp. 550-551. Original description apterous vaaD ous female. C. lasiocarpae (Gillette and Palmer), Hottes, 1954. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 67: 259-260. Description alate viviparous female. C. lasiocarpae (Gillette and Palmer), Hottes, 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 73-75, fig. p. 68. Description alate male. Type in the United States National Museum. Size range apterous viviparous female 4.00—5.00 mm. This species so far as known is confined to Abies lasiocarpa. It seems to be confined to the Rocky Mountain region. It is closely allied to C. abieticola (Cholodkovsky ) and differs from that species in having shorter ‘hairs on the tibiae which are also less upstanding, shorter second tarsal segments, and the two types of hairs on the cornicles less strongly differ- entiated. Specimens of this species are to be found on the trunks of small trees in the spring and fall, perhaps they migrate to the roots in the summer. Notes on Cinara Which Have Abies sp. As Host — 227 Body Hairs CINARA HIRTA H.&E. az bene + eet Frcs ~ ce, 5 RFS OF b0% oo 8s oo Co: re) 533°. 330 00,2 r) 993 92,060 oo ae 880 FR Oe TSS Yo ee ese 25 $93 SSpdehin gd See so eS o es aN Pl Lie ° os DO S 522 ay eae sti ei Sage 2S so “SS (fia Y, ~ 2 ray as an ud. Tib. ae ud. CINARA SETULOSA_ H.&E. - y Py > an Tib. MESES QS SAS Notes on Cinara Which Have Abies sp. As Host —_.231 Cinara setulosa Hottes and Essig Cinara setulosa Hottes and Essig, 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 61-62. Original description apterous viviparous female. Hottes, 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 70, figs. Hottes, 1957. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 70: 11-12, figs. p. 16. De- scription of alate male and oviparous female. Holotype in collection of E. O. Essig. Size range 4.50—5.00 mm. The extremely well-developed setulae on the dorsum of the abdomen separate this species at once from other species which have two types of hairs on the cornicles. Cinara sonata Hottes Cinara sonata Hottes, 1955. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 202-203, figs. p. 200. Original description apterous viviparous female. Hottes, 1957. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 70: 9-11, figs. p. 16. De- scription alate viviparous female and apterous oviparous female. Holotype and morphotypes in the United States National Museum. a (CALLotyp Alate Viy yp Ps (MoRPHOPVYPE) y he SBE fe LEAL i to eae ir ag Rd SOKO 8 OG EEE Ke = Se SX = \ O05 1-10. ‘Sén.5-€ 50 Sen.2-3 50 28 © . Apt. Viv. Holotype ry Ud; YY, Ad Af LM A-4 CIfell4 ha .98 18 CINARA SONATA H. 232 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Size range 5.27-7.00 mm. The cornicles of this species have a deep notch on the outer margin. This feature separates it at once from its closely related species C. abieticola. A Key To APTEROUS VIVIPAROUS FEMALES OF THE GENUS CINARA (Famity APHIDAE) wuicH HAVE ABIES sp. FOR Host 1. Cornicles with a diameter of less than .25 mm 2) Cornicles with a diameter of more than .30 mm __....... 4 2. Cornicles with a diameter of .10 mm ___..._. C. paniion ( Wilson ) Cornicles with a diameter of about .20 mm __........ 3 3. Hair on metathoracic tibiae shorter than width of segment; second metatarsal segment about one-fifth the length of hind Lal 0) 2 Yc)p eae Memes ee PS IeLE ERTaS ae C. minuta Hottes and Knowlton Hair on metathoracic tibiae longer than width of segment; second metatarsal segment about one-third length of hind PITA Sy Aa eSpace tasembaDilees) uals C. occidentalis (Davidson ) 4. Cornicles provided with coarse and fine hairs 5 Cornicles with only. one’ type. of hain 22> eee 1 5. Dorsum of abdomen with well-developed setulae, transverse pigmented spot not divided or only partially so Ait AEE OSSAD ASR At ee AIDE gas Nae te C. setulosa Hottes and Essig Dorsum of abdomen without or with poorly developed setulae, transverse pigmented ‘spot divided 0 eee 6 6. Hairs on metathoracic tibiae shorter than or about equal to width Oy ape Lo) C2 Vee a Ae UNM Rens we pies ea aR Ia iA pear 0) aly te 7 Hairs on metathoracic tibiae longer than width of tibiae 9 7. Cornicles incorporated within lateral pigmented areas ________ 8 Cornicles not incorporated within lateral pigmented areas ______ ciate tale ual a RUST Se otc) ae Pie ee C. alacra Hottes and Essig 8. Hairs on dorsum of abdomen with apex similar to apex of a nail, not tapering to a sharp point ________ C. hirta Hottes and Essig Hairs on dorsum of abdomen tapering to a sharp point _________. EA ARE WNT WEL A ic ee SOE, MS EE SO aT C. osborni Knowlton 9. Size not much over 3.5 mm ____. C. chinookiana Hottes Size) A OO— 7 OO arrange s e 10 10) Corniclesinwithideepymotchy ee ee C. sonata Hottes Cormiucles; without notch) ee Oe 11 11. Second tarsal segment .42—.50 mm; hairs on hind tibiae ie ily mm upstanding but not nearly at right angles; hairs on cornicles not sharply differentiated as to two types _..___-______-__-___- NS Pea NHAC Y il 0 aE si A AN C. lasiocarpae Gillette and Palmer Second tarsal segment .38-.41 mm; hairs on hind tibiae .15-.30 mm almost at right angles; hairs on cornicles distinctly of two EVES Hees Malas oN eee 9 Fae ae C. abieticola (Cholodkovsky ) 12. Metathoracic tibiae with blunt hairs _______________. C. curvipes (Patch) Metathoracic tibiae with sharp pointed hairs __.....___»_»_»____ 13 13. 14. 15. 16. ay. Notes on Cinara Which Have Abies sp. As Host — 233 Genital plate one-half as long as wide with many hairs —. ce a C. gentneri Hottes Genital plate much less than one-half as long as wide, hairs GSAT Ty CN ast gO Vo en 14 Hairs on mid region of metathoracic tibiae longer than width of en oat era se Oe Se ee 15 Hairs on mid region of metathoracic tibiae shorter than width of I RIE a eS SS EE ef uO oa Rm 16 Hairs on metathoracic tibiae .15 mm in length set at angle of more than 45 degrees; hairs on cornicles covering entire surface ra 8 se he C. grande Hottes Hairs on metathoracic tibiae .10-.11 mm in length set at angle of 45 degrees; hairs on cornicles less numerous towards margin enorme es eC. gchuht Hottes Hairs on metathoracic tibiae set at angle of 45 degrees, not finer Bevo mucdice, not strongly curved —— $= 17 Hairs on metathoracic tibiae set at angle of less than 45 degrees, much finer beyond middle, strongly curved towards apex _____ ne I C. curvipes (Patch) Hairs on metathoracic tibiae less than .03 mm; third antennal segment .51—.57 mm in length _____ C. curtihirsuta Hottes and Essig Hairs on metathoracic tibiae .05-.075 mm in length; third an- tennal segment .82—.91 mm in length —--=SE C. kiusa Hottes 234 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington mry.OG (3 Vol. 73, pp. 235-238 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NEW SYNONYMIES AND GENERIC CHANGES IN THE LYGAEIDAE (HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA ) By PETER D. ASHLOCK Entomology Res. Div., Agricultural Res. Serv., U.S. Dept. Agriculture* The following changes are published now so that they may be used in forthcoming publications in which nomenclatorial changes seem out of place, and so that they may be incor- porated in a world catalogue of the Lygaeidae now in prepara- tion by James A. Slater. Kleidocerys virescens (Fabricius ), new combination Acanthia virescens Fabricius, 1794, Ent. Syst., 4:70. Tingis (P) virescens (Fabr.), Fabricius, 1803, Syst. Rhyng., p. 127. Ischnorhynchus championi Distant, 1882, Biol. Cent. Amer., Ins., Hemip.- Heterop., 1:193, Pl. 19, Fig. 3, new synonymy. Kleidocerys championi (Dist.), Barber, 1947, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., 19:64; Barber, 1953, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 55: 281. Remarks: For nearly a century, authors, following Stal, have been treating virescens as a member of the Cymini, either in the genus Cymodema or in the genus Cymus (see synonymy of Cymus breviceps Stal below). Through the courtesy of S. L. Tuxen and C. J. Drake, I have examined the type of the species and find that it is the same as the species described by Distant as Ischnorhynchus championi. Fabricius’ description mentions the presence of two spots close together in the middle of the hemelytra and three spots on its posterior margin, while Stal’s redescription has a note appended remarking on their absence. Spots in these positions are present in the Fabrician type I have seen, and are a common occurrence in species of Kleidocerys, but are present in no member of the Cymini. Apparently Stal did not have the type specimen of virescens before him when he redescribed the species. When Tuxen sent a number of Fabrician types to Drake, he assured him that they were the true Fabrician specimens. The specimen here discussed is in fairly good condition, but has been pinned through the thorax with a rather large pin, and it lacks both antennae. There is aX University of California, Berkeley. 7 wh ww i 34—Proc. Brot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 73, 1960 (235 ) y Ge 236 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington a single label on the pin upon which is handwritten “virescens” on the upper surface, and “n. sp.” on the lower surface. The first “s” on the upper surface and the “s” on the lower surface are of the old ene I have selected this specimen as lectotype, and have added to the specimen a label so stating. Cymus breviceps Stal Cymodema virescens (Fabr.), Stal, 1868, Svenska Vet.-Akad. Hand. (Hemip. Fabr. 1.), 7(11): 77, misidentification. Cymus virescens (Fabr.), Stal, 1874, Svenska Vet.-Akad. anil (Enum. Hemip. 4.), 12(1):127, misidentification; Barber, 1923, Amer. Mus. Nov., 75:12, misidentification, makes breviceps Stal a synonym. Cymus breviceps Stal, 1874, Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. (Enum. Hemip. 4.), 12(1):127; Van Duzee, 1909, Canadian Ent., 41:372, makes exiguum Horvath a synonym. Cymodema exiguum Horvath, 1908, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, 6:559. Remarks: Since virescens Fabr. has been found to belong to the genus Kleidocerys, another name must be found for Cymus virescens of authors, not Fabricius. Oddly enough, Stal himself described the species in his Enumeratio Hemipterorum as Cymus breviceps, and apparently did not recognize that it was the same as the one he redescribed as Cymodema virescens (Fabr.). Since virescens was originally described from the West Indies (“Americae meridionalis insulis”) and breviceps from Texas and Carolina, possibly it did not occur to Stal that his two descriptions applied to the same species. Cymodema exiguum Horvath, described from Washington, D. C., is a later synonym. I have reviewed the specimens under the name Cymus virescens in the U. S. National Museum collection and can find no differences between West Indian specimens and those from continental North America. Therefore Cymus breviceps Stal becomes the correct name for the taxon Cymus virescens of authors, not Fabricius, and all references to virescens other than the two Fabrician ones should be transferred to breviceps Stal. Ligyrocoris insititia (Distant), new combination Erlacda (?) insititia Distant, 1893, Biol. Cent. Amer., Ins., Rhynch., Hemip.-Heterop., 1(suppl.):401, Pl. 35, Fig. 8. Remarks: R. J. Izzard of the British Museum (Natural History) kindly confirmed my identification of this species. Since there is a stridulatory area, or “semi-lunate strigose vitta,” on each side of the two basal abdom- inal segments, the species must be transferred to the genus Ligyrocoris Stal. It is most closely related to L. nitidicollis (Stal), though it is con- siderably larger. Delochilocoris Bergroth Dorachosa Distant, 1893, Biol. Cent. Amer., Ins., Rhynch., Hemip.- Heterop., 1(suppl.):409, preoccupied, Distant, 1892, Cicadidae. New Synonymies in the Lygaeidae 237 Delochilocoris Bergroth, 1893, Rev. d’Ent., 12:154, new name for Dora- chosa Distant, 1893. Remarks: American authors have generally placed the North American species D. illuminatus Distant and D. umbrosus Distant in the old world genus Aphanus of authors, not Laporte, following Horvath, 1908 (Ann. Mus. Hungarici, 6:561) and Barber, 1919 (Jour. New York Ent. Soc., 26:61). China, 1943 (Generic Names of British Insects, Part 8, p. 242), however, pointed out that Rhyparochromus Hahn, 1826, must be used in place of Aphanus of authors, not Laporte, and American authors have followed this arrangement ever since. In 1957 Scudder (Ent. Mon. Mag., 93:152-6) reclassified the sub- family Rhyparochrominae (now Megalonotinae, see Slater, 1957, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 52:35-8) and placed Rhyparochromus Hahn in the subtribe Rhyparochromina (Megalonotina). The subtribe was character- ized, among other characters, by the dorsal location of abdominal spiracles III and IV. I have examined the spiracles of D. umbrosus and find that only the spiracles of segment IV are dorsal; consequently, the species must belong to the subtribe Gonianotina, sensu Scudder. There- fore the North American species described by Distant cannot be placed in the old world genus Rhyparochromus Hahn, and Bergroth’s Delochilo- coris must be resurrected for the two American species. Delochilocoris is very closely related to Malezonotus Barber. The most obvious difference is that the species of Delochilocoris have entirely black hemelytra while those of Malezonotus species are patterned. In addition, the species of Delochilocoris are subshining and nearly glabrous, even on the head, while those of Malezonotus are all dull, and have rather long pilosity on the body surface, or at least on the head, as in M. angustatus (Van Duzee). Balboa Distant Balboa Distant, 1893, Biol. Cent. Amer., Ins., Rhynch., Hemip.-Heterop., 1(suppl.):408, Pl. 35, Fig. 25. Remarks: In 1918 Barber (Jour. New York Ent. Soc., 26:53) suggested that Balboa Distant might be a synonym of Ozophora Uhler, and in an- other paper in the same year (Psyche, 25:80) he included Balboa in his treatment of Ozophora. The monobasic type of the genus Balboa, variabilis Distant, differs from species of Ozophora in its foliaceously expanded rather than carinate, pronotal margins. Also unlike species of Ozophora, it possesses a stridulatory apparatus consisting of a striated coastal margin of the hemelytra and a plectrum on the hind femora. These characters would seem sufficient to establish Balboa as a valid genus. Ozophora ampliata Barber was found to be congeneric with B. variabilis and so is transferred to the genus Balboa. Balboa ampliata (Barber) is the new combination. 238 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Prosomoeus brunneus Scott Prosomoeus brunneus Scott, 1874, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 14:435-7. Ligyrocoris terminalis Uhler, 1896, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19:262-3, new synonymy. Izzard has checked a paratype of Uhler’s species against the type of Scott’s and pronounced them the same. Hence, Ligyrocoris terminalis Uhler must be regarded as a synonym of Prosomoeus brunneus Scott. Both were described from Japan. ry “74+ .0673 Vol. 73, pp. 239-244 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FIVE NEW WESTERN GEOPHILID CHILOPODS By Rateu V. CHAMBERLIN University of Utah The types of the new geophilid chilopods diagnosed in the present paper are for the present retained in the author’s extensive collection of chilopods from the western United States at the University of Utah. DIGNATHODONTIDAE Damothus new genus Body narrowed both cephalad and caudad. Head small, lacking a frontal suture. Antennae short. Labrum with median piece very large as in Linotaenia, its free margin dentate throughout. First maxillae without lappets. Prehensors lacking sclerotic lines; the claws when closed not attaining the anterior margin of the head; claws each armed at base with two stout teeth or serratures. Ventral pores absent. Last ventral plate wide. Coxal pores partly covered by this plate, few in number. Anal pores present. Telopodite of anal legs composed of six articles; claw normally de- veloped. Type species: Damothus montis new species. Most readily distinguished from Linotaenia in having at the base of each claw of the prehensors two stout teeth in place of the single one present in the latter genus. Damothus montis new species Median piece of labrum very large, its free margin bearing close-set conical teeth throughout its length. First maxillae with the palpus large and biarticulate. Claws of the second maxillae large and smooth. Prehensors small; claws slender, when closed not attaining front margin of head. Each tooth at base of claw accompanied by a stout seta in line with similar setae on the preceding articles. Sternites lacking pores; clothed over entire surface with evenly spaced erect setae. 35—Proc. Brot. Soc. Wasun., Vou. 73, 1960 (239) a WN 7. 240 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Last ventral plate trapeziform. Coxal pores in the holotype numbering five on each side, these mostly covered by the sternite. Anal pores present, small. Legs in the male evenly crassate, the articles between coxa and second tarsal nearly cylindrical in form; clothed throughout with long setae; ending in a well-developed claw. Pairs of legs: 37 (39). Length: 12 mm. Locality: UtTaH: Wahsatch Mountains at Brighton. Type taken 19 November 1939. Zantaenia new genus Body in general form like that of typical Linotaenia, with head pro- portionately small. Head with frontal suture distinct. The median piece of the labrum bearing distinct serratures or teeth on its free margin, its ends resting directly on the fulcra, apparently with no intervening lateral pieces. Palpi of first maxillae biarticulate. Prehensors lacking evident sclerotic lines; claws slender, neither they nor other articles with teeth. Tergites not sulcate; last intertergite separated from the pleurite on each side by a distinct suture. Last ventral plate narrow. Coxal pores on each side small and numer- ous, distributed over most of the surface. Anal pores present. Anal legs with claw present in the female but lacking in the male. Type species: Zantaenia idahona new species. Differing from Agathothus, which it resembles in the form of the pre- hensors, in having the free margin of the labrum bearing large serratures and teeth in place of a fringe of setae and in having the last ventral plate narrow and the coxal pores numerous and found over the entire surface instead of having this plate broad with the coxal pores few and aggre- gated near the margin of the sternite. Zantaenia idahona new species Clypeus with a transverse series of four stout setae such as usual in Linotaenia. Middle piece of labrum very wide with its ends abutting directly on the fulcra; median piece with large serratures laterally and dentiform processes over the middle portion, these close-set. First max- illae and their palpi, large, distally pointed, and biarticulate. Claws of second maxillae small, much surpassed in length by the adjacent setae which form a dense brush on the terminal article; fewer setae on the penult article; coxae fully coalesced. Tergites smooth and glabrous, not sulcate. Last intertergite separated from the pleurites. Spiracles all round, the first scarcely larger than the second. Sternites with a median longitudinal sulcus which is widened and deepened at its middle. Five New Western Geophilid Chilopods 241 Last ventral plate narrow and elongate, its sides converging caudad. Coxal pores small and numerous, opening over entire surface. Anal pores large. Last legs not exceeding the penult in length; claw present in female but absent in male. Pairs of legs: 51 (6 ),55 (9). Length: 45 mm. Locality: Ipano: Wallace, 3 September 1949. S. Mulaik, collector. PACHYMERINIDAE Pachymerium idium new species Two clypeal areas present but these not sharply defined in that their component polygonal units grade into the ordinary ones at their periph- ery, the two areas contiguous at middle line; a stout seta at middle of each area, with two setae in front of the combined areas and a transverse series of 3 or 4 setae on each side of them; farther back on clypeus another transverse series of setae. Lateral pieces of labrum extending in front of middle piece but not meeting at middle; middle piece bearing a series of teeth, the lateral pieces bearing setae or pectinate. A large, distally acuminate lappet aris- ing from coxosternum on each side. Prehensors stout; the prosternum relatively long, without sclerotic lines; claws when closed much surpassing the anterior margin of head; unarmed with teeth. Spiracles all circular. Sternites with no pores evident. Last sternite very wide, trapeziform, its sides convex and the caudal margin moderately incurved. Coxal pores four on each side. | Anal pores large. Anal legs not exceeding the penult in length, not specially thickened, | bearing a well-developed claw. Pairs of legs: 65. Length: 25 mm. Locality: CALirorniA: Marin Co., 14 mi north of Dillon Beach. The single type was taken 26 July 1960, “in the upper zone in a fissure in rock” kept moist by spray but not covered at high tide. The specimen was kindly transmitted by J. W. Hedgpeth, Director of the Pacific Marine Station. SCHENDYLIDAE Gosendyla new genus Labrum in form of an obtuse, apically somewhat rounded reentrant angle, the middle portion bearing a series of numerous stout conical teeth. First maxillae without lappets. Coxae of second maxillae united at mid- dle and without median sulcus; claw of palpus closely pectinate on both margins. Ventral pores absent. 242 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Coxal pores small and numerous. Anal pores present. Type species: Gosendyla socarnia new species. Close to the Guatemalan Sogolabis in the presence of anal pores and the numerous coxal pores, but differing in having the claws of the second maxillae bipectinate instead of smooth. Gosendyla socarnia new species Head as wide as long, the sides convex, the anterior margin obtusely rounded and the caudal margin weakly convex. Antennae long, with the terminal article as long as, or a little longer than, the two preceding ar- ticles taken together. Labrum forming an obtuse reentrant angle with the deeper middle por- tion strongly armed with teeth which in middle portion are conical but laterally become distally rounded and somewhat creniform; beyond the dentate series on each side the labral margin wholly smooth. Coxae of second maxillae broadly united at middle but anteriorly showing a pale median line; anterior margin of coxosternum showing a small reentrant angle at middle; claw of palpus long, closely pectinate on both margins. Prehensors with claw and other parts wholly unarmed; claws when closed attaining anterior margin of head; no sclerotic lines evident. Sternites with a median longitudinal sulcus; with no pores. Last ventral plate somewhat shield-shaped, caudally widely rounded. Coxopleurae inflated making the last pediferous segment notably wider transversely than the preceding segment or two; pores small and numer- ous, subseriately arranged. Anal pores present. Last legs with telopodite six-jointed; in male strongly inflated; claw absent; clothed throughout with very short setae. Pairs of legs: 49. Length: 20 mm. Locality: Urau: Dry Canyon, near University of Utah campus. Zygona new genus Labrum nearly straight transversely, but noticeably incurved at mid- dle; median portion dentate; lateral margins smooth. First maxillae with a specialized, distally somewhat fimbriate lappet from coxosternum on each side. Second maxilla with claw of palpus well developed and smooth. Prehensors with prosternum and other articles lacking teeth; claws when closed surpassing anterior margin of head. Tergites bisulcate. Last sternite broad. Coxal glands composite, opening through two pores on each side. Anal pores present. Anal legs with telopodite composed of six articles; claw well developed. Five New Western Geophilid Chilopods 243 Type species: Zygona duplex new species. Distinguished especially by the composite coxal glands. Zygona duplex new species Body with dorsum showing a dark geminate stripe, this more distinct posteriorly than anteriorly. Head much longer than wide (17:11). Antennae long, the last article much shorter than the two preceding taken together. Prebasal plate exposed. Clypeus bearing numerous well-spaced setae over entire surface. Lab- rum over middle portion bearing a nearly straight series of stout teeth, the lateral margins smooth. First maxillae with coxae fused; palpus thick, biarticulate, the terminal article rounded and bearing long setae, with similar setae at distal end of penult article; at base of palpus arising from coxa a peculiar lappet bearing at distal end a series of setae directed mesad, fimbriate. Second maxillae with claws entirely smooth; all joints bearing numerous long setae, the second bearing on its outer side toward distal end a stout spine. Tergites smooth, bisulcate. Sternites with a median longitudinal sulcus, lacking pores. Spiracles all circular, the first scarcely enlarged. Last ventral plate broadly trapeziform. Coxal glands composite, the simple glands aggregated into two groups and opening through two pores on each side. Anal pores present. Anal legs longer and thicker than the penult but not crassate. Pairs of legs: 53. Length: 33 mm. Locality: Arrzona: Santa Rita Mountains, Madison Canyon. Holotype taken 10 September 1941. 244 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 4.0673 Vol. 73, pp. 245-260 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON XYRIDACEAE FROM BRAZIL—II? By LyMan B. SMITH AND Rosert J. Downs U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Since our first paper in this series we have begun prepara- tion of a comprehensive study of all the Xyridaceae of Brazil, but as completion is still distant it seems well to record certain novelties and discoveries now. Noting the strongly contrasting specific characters of the epidermis shown in a few cases by Malme in his monographic work,? we have made a concerted effort to examine and illustrate sections wherever possible. In assessing the value of cellular characters we have been greatly aided by Sherwin Carlquist, whose generic studies in the Xyridaceae? are a model which we would sometime like to attain. Abbreviations for herbaria are those of the fourth edition of the “Index Herbariorum,” of Lanjouw and Stafleu. Xyris (Xyris) brevifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:23. 1803; Malme, Arkiv Bot. 22A, no. 15:3. 1929. Rio de Janeiro: Without further locality, St-Hilaire Catal. B? no. 121 (P). Pontal Beach, Araial do Cabo, Municipio de Cabo Frio, 3 June 1953, F. Segadas Vianna et al, no. Restinga—I 440 (R, US). Malme indicated that he was quite dubious that this native species of southeastern United States could also be native in Brazil, and with the information then available his was a logical conclusion. However, with the discovery of new material it appears more likely that the species is native in Brazil, because Cabo Frio is remote from the centers where introductions would be likely. Also such parallel cases as Arenaria 1 The present study was based in part on material collected by the senior author under a grant from the National Science Foundation. Number one of this series was in the Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 44(10): 311-313, 1 fig. October 1954. 2 Malme, G. O. A:N. Xyris L., Untergattung Nematopus (Seubert). Entwurf einer Gliederung. Arkiv Bot. 13(3): 1-103, Figs. 1-5. 19 August 1913. 3 Carlquist, Sherwin. Anatomy of Guayana Xyridaceae: Abolboda, Orectanthe, and Achlyphila. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10(2): 65-117, Figs. 1-129. 30 April 1960. — SA 36—Proc. Brot. Soc. Wasi, Vor. 73, 1960 (245) 246 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington groenlandica (Retz) Spreng.,* Hypericum gentianoides (1.) B.S.P.,° and Proserpinaca palustris L.® add strength to the belief that this is a natural pre-Columbian distribution. Saint-Hilaire gave no locality, but he was _ at Cabo Frio; thus the two collections, although separated by more than a century, may be from the same locality. Xyris (Nematopus) archeri Smith and Downs, new species Fig. 1 Caespitosa, subcaulescens sed bulbosa; rhizomate brevi; radicibus tenuibus; foliis manifeste distichis, ad 10 cm longis, ensiformi-linearibus, glabris vel margine minutissime ciliatis; vaginis ca. 25 mm_ longis, minutissime rugosis, hyalino-marginatis, superne quam laminis paulo angustioribus, apice ligula acuta aucta, basi dilatatis et atro-castaneis, laevibus; laminis ad 1.5 mm latis, apice asymmetrice acutis, nervatis, nervis submarginalibus incrassatis; cuticula utrinque tenuissima, vix manifesta; cellulis epidermalibus in sectione transversa suborbicularibus, 20-25 « diametro, parietibus exterioribus 3-10 wu crassis, alteris distincte tenuioribus, cellularum parte intima persistente; scapis terminalibus et lateralibus, vix distincte tortis, gracillimis, 16-31 cm altis, teretibus, laevibus vel obscure costatis; vagina scaporum distincte laminata, quam foliis paulo breviore; spica ovoidea vel ellipsoidea dein floribus patentibus subglobosa, 8-9 mm longa, ca. 10-flora; bracteis arcte imbricatis, infimis valde reductis, obovatis, uninerviis, florigeris late ellipticis, apice late rotundatis cuspidatisque, quam sepalis paulo brevioribus, integris, late convexis, glabris, opacis, minute rugosis, atro-brunneis, area dorsali carentibus; sepalis lateralibus ca. 4% connatis, inaequaliteralibus, lanceo- latis, acutis, 6 mm longis, carina basi glabra, alibi dense ferrugineo-pilosa; limbo petalorum obovato, 4.5 mm longo; antheris oblongis, 1.5-2 mm longis; staminodiis penicillatis; ovario ellipsoideo; placentis basalibus; seminibus obovoideis, apiculatis. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,121,775, collected in campo, Serra do Cipé at kilometer 119, Municipio de Santa Luzia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 6 August 1936, by W. A. Archer and Mello Barreto (No. 4977). Paratype: Brazi.: Minas Gerais: Municipio Conceicéo: Campo, Es- trada de Conceicao, 7 August 1933, Mello Barreto 4353 (US). In its general habit, Xyris archeri appears to be a very slender variety of X. obtusiuscula Alb. Nilsson, and it also resembles it in its floral bracts and connate sepals. However, the essentially eciliate leaves and exserted sepals distinguish X. archeri sufficiently to warrant specific designation. 4 Smith, L. B., and Downs, R. J. Resumo preliminar das Cariofilaceas de Santa Catarina. Sellowia, No. 12: 123. 1960. 5 Smith, L. B. Notes on South American Phanerogams—II. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 48: 313. 1958. 6 Reitz, P. R. As Halorrhagaceae de Santa Catarina. Sellowia, No. 6: 239. 1954. Xyridaceae from Brazil—Il 247 | | j i : imm _—— | | b da lmm | —— imm imm | a imm ii a f } ee PAR C a | 50 pw Rie; Xyris (Nematopus?) egleri Smith and Downs, new species Fig. 2 Caespitosa, acaulis; radicibus tenuibus; foliis spiraliter ordinatis, vix manifeste distichis, ensiformi-linearibus, ad 16 cm longis, omnino glabris; vaginis ca. tertiam partem folii occupantibus, superne quam laminis haud latioribus, eligulatis, basi paulo dilatatis et haud vel vix atrioribus; laminis ad 4 mm latis, apice asymmetrice lateque acutis, viridibus, ex sicco plus minusve nervatis, nervis submarginalibus incrassatis; cuticula utrinque tenuissima, vix manifesta; cellulis epidermalibus in sectione transversa fere aequalibus sed marginalibus paulo prominentibus, sub- quadratis, 50-60 w altis, parietibus exterioribus 5-10 yu crassis, alteris multo tenuioribus, cellularum parte intima persistente; scapis termi- nalibus, spiraliter tortis, ad 56 cm altis, superne bialatis, 2-2.5 mm latis, minutissime punctulatis; vagina scaporum folias subaequante, in apiculum foliaceum excurrente, viridi; spica permultiflora, semiglobosa, 12-14 mm diametro; bracteis patentibus, basilaribus inflorescentiam involucrantibus, duabus infimis linearibus, reliquas aequantibus vel paulo superantibus, fertilibus anguste obovatis, acutis, apice carinatis et late tenuiterque brunneo-marginatis, sepala multo superantibus, area dorsali carentibus, glabris; sepalis lateralibus liberis, subaequilateris, ellipticis, obtusis, basi attenuatis, ala carinali angusta, ad apicem versus minute ciliata; limbo petalorum obovato, 3 mm longo; antheris oblongis, ca. 1 mm longis; staminodiis bibrachiatis, penicillatis; in ovariis perjuvenil- ibus placentis haud exacte visis. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,283,916, collected in swampy campo, Missio Velha, Rio Cururti, Alto Tapajés, State of Para, Brazil, 19 July 1959, by W. A. Egler (No. 953) and Raimundo. Isotype in the Museu Paraense “Emilio Goeldi” (No. 23.766). 248 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ee a imm b ace PA THAT 50 py inw ft i) dD \onm \ da / a m \ |) Mm, oe fe Lyd a Won 17,; Y, Y) i) Yy eG f ) aN ao Gee Sen eteederre ee ee "HAAA ae OE Bau-cypitacpusod = aN \ | NG ; 50 hw Fic. 2 At first glance this plant appears to be a variety of Xyris involucrata Nees, with a short involucre and undoubtedly it is a close relative. How- ever, the glabrous leaves and scape and the markedly different floral bracts (cf Idrobo, Caldasia, 6(29): 212, Fig. 12e, 1954) indicate that Xyris egleri is a distinct species. Xyris (Nematopus) hatschbachii Smith and Downs, new species Fig. 3 Subbulbosa; radicibus tenuibus; foliis spiraliter ordinatis, vix manifeste distichis, ensiformi-linearibus, ad 20 cm longis, glabris; vaginis 4-8 cm longis, superne quam laminis haud latioribus, eligulatis, basi valde dilatatis et aterrimo-castaneis; laminis spiraliter tortis, haud 1.5 mm latis, acuminatis, viridibus, transverse rugulosis, ex sicco plus minusve nervatis, nervis submarginalibus haud incrassatis; cuticula utrinque tenuissima, vix manifesta; cellulis epidermalibus lateralibus in sectione transversa subaequalibus, suborbicularibus, 35-40 w altis, parietibus ex- terioribus 10-15 mw crassis, alteris multo tenuioribus, cellularum parte Xyridaceae from Brazil—Il 249 Fic. 3 intima non persistente, cellulis marginalibus irregulariter prominentibus incrassatisque; scapis terminalibus, spiraliter tortis, ad 33 cm altis, 1 mm diametro, minute rugulosis, bicostatis; cellulis epidermalibus in sectione transversa earum foliorum valde similibus sed parte intima persistente, eis costarum prominentibus et cum parte intima non persistente; vagina scaporum quam foliis subduplo brevioribus, breviter laminatis; spica submultiflora, subglobosa, 8-9 mm longa; bracteis imbricatis, infimis valde reductis, florigeris late ellipticis rotundatisque, sepala subaequanti- bus, integris, fragilibus sed vix scarioso-marginatis, ex sicco aureo- brunneis, sublucidis, late convexis, area dorsali lanceolata cinereo-viridi 2.3 mm longa praeditis, plus minusve uninervatis, glabris; sepalis lateral- ibus liberis, valde inaequilateralis, falcato-oblongis, acutis, 4.7 mm longis, ala carinali angusta, supra medium dense rufo-fimbriata; limbo petalorum obovato-elliptico, 4 mm longo; antheris oblongis, valde retusis, ca. 2 mm longis; staminodiis bibrachiatis, penicillatis; placentis basalibus. Type in the Herbario Anchieta, No. 36.939, collected in sandy campo, Serra SAo Luis de Puruna, Municipio de Campo Largo, State of Parand, 250 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Brazil, altitude 1150 m, 6 January 1948, by G. Hatschbach (No. 828). Negative No. 5457 in the U. S. National Herbarium. The lateral sepals of Xyris hatschbachii are densely rufous-fimbriate on the upper half of the keel but not tufted at the apex. This character and others would relate it to X. organensis Malme, from which it differs in its rugulose leaves and scape and in its much smaller sepals. Its leaves are like those of X. graminosa Pohl ex Mart. only narrower, but its lateral sepals are no longer than the bracts and not white-tufted at apex. Xyris (Nematopus) mima Smith and Downs, new species Fig. 4 Caespitosa, acaulis; radicibus gracillimis; foliis manifeste distichis, ad 7 cm longis, ensiformi-linearibus, transverse rugulosis, subconcoloribus, i I My Yy YY YY Yy Fic. 4 Xyridaceae from Brazil—Il 251 eciliatis sed margine tuberculatis; vaginis obscuris, ca. tertiam partem folii occupantibus, superne quam laminis haud latioribus, apice ligula parva acuta auctis, basi rubescentibus et vix dilatatis; laminis spiraliter tortis, ad 2 mm latis, acuminatis et apice asymmetrice acutis vel subobtu- sis, leviter nervatis, nervis submarginalibus haud vel vix incrassatis; cuticula utrinque tenuissima, vix manifesta; cellulis epidermalibus laterali- bus in sectione transversa valde inaequalibus, 35-85 u altis, oblongis vel suborbicularibus, parietibus subaequalibus, ca. 5 yu crassis, cellulis mar- ginalibus extus haud vel valde incrassatis; scapis terminalibus, plus minusve tortis, gracilibus, ad 17 cm altis, subteretibus, rugosis, bicostatis; cellulis epidermalibus in sectione transversa valde inaequalibus; vagina scaporum brevissime laminata, quam foliis subduplo breviore; spica ellipsoidea, 9 mm longa, 15-20 flora; bracteis arcte imbricatis, infimis valde reductis, florigeris late ellipticis, apice late rotundatis, sepala superantibus, integris, late convexis, glabris, ex sicco aureis, area dorsali lanceolata cinereo-viridi 1.5 mm longa praeditis; sepalis lateralibus liberis, subaequilateralis, navicularibus, obtusis, 3 mm longis, carina brevissime setoso-ciliata; limbo petalorum late elliptico, 2 mm longo; antheris oblongis, 0.8 mm longis; staminodiis bibrachiatis, penicillatis; ovario crasse ellipsoideo; placentis basalibus; seminibus ellipsoideis, 0.5-0.7 mm longis, apice coma paleacea pallida coronatis. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,283,911, collected on artificial sandy field, Missio Nova, Rio Cururt, region of the upper Rio Tapajés, State of Parad, Brazil, 12 July 1959, by W. A. Egler (No. 791) and Raimundo. Isotype in Museu Paraense “Emilio Goeldi” (No. 23.767). In general habit, Xyris mima is practically indistinguishable from X. paraensis Poepp. ex Kunth and its staminodes are penicillate also, but its leaves are finely rugose like those of typical X. savanensis Miq. The seeds of X. mima, however, have an apical coma of scales, while the seeds of the other two species are biapiculate and without any scales. Thus X. mima can scarcely be considered an intermediate as it would seem at first glance. Xyris (Nematopus) moraesii Smith and Downs, new species Fig. 5 Caespitosa, acaulis; radicibus tenuissimis; foliis spiraliter ordinatis, vix manifeste distichis, ensiformi-linearibus, ad 30 cm longis, concoloribus; vaginis inconspicuis, angustis, superne quam laminis haud latioribus, elig- ulatis, basi vix dilatatis, juvenilibus molliter albido-ciliatis; laminis 1.5 mm latis, acuminatis, glabris, nervatis, nervis submarginalibus haud in- crassatis; cuticula utrinque tenuissima, vix manifesta; cellulis epidermali- bus in sectione transversa oblongis, ca. 70 u altis, 30-40 u latis, parietibus subaequalibus vel exterioribus paulo incrassatis, marginalibus extus valde incrassatis; scapis spiraliter tortis, ad 50 cm altis, subteretibus, pluricos- tatis, costis majoribus dense minuteque ciliatis, alibi laevibus; cellulis epidermalibus in sectione transversa oblongis cum luminibus globosis, 35-45 yp altis, parietibus exterioribus ca. 15 yu crassis, alteris multo tenu- 252 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ioribus, eis costarum et subcostarum majoribus, extus valde incrassatis; vagina scaporum sine lamina, ad 10 cm longa; spica subglobosa, 7-8 mm diametro, pluriflora; bracteis laceratis, infimis valde reductis, florigeris suborbicularibus, sepala superantibus, opacis, ex sicco aureo-brunneis, minute granulosis, area dorsali parva angusta viridi praeditis; sepalis lat- eralibus liberis, subaequilateris, lanceolatis, acutis, 5 mm longis, carina lata, obscure sparseque denticulata; placentis basalibus; seminibus ellip- soideis, biapiculatis, 0.3 mm longis. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,325,427, collected on flat sandy shores, State of Paraiba, Brazil, 30 August 1959, by Jayme Coélho de Moraes (No. 2224). In most of its diagnostic characters, Xyris moraesii appears related to X. nilssonii Malme, but differs in its eciliate evenly nerved leaf-blades, subglobose spikes, and dark-margined bracts. No locality within Paraiba is given, although probably the collection was made in the vicinity of the Escola de Agronomia do Nordeste, Areia, where the late Professor Moraes taught. LN AW \' © KS Cay A gas Xyridaceae from Brazil—Il 253 Xyris (Nematopus?) piresiana Smith and Downs, new species Fig. 6 Caespitosa, acaulis; radicibus tenuibus; foliis manifeste distichis, ensi- formi-linearibus, ad 25 cm longis sed nonnullis sine laminis; vaginis angustissime triangularibus, ad 35 mm longis, superne quam laminis latioribus, atro-castaneis, anguste pallido-marginatis, glabris, lucidis, basi levissime auriculatis, apice ligula acuta 3 mm longa praeditis; laminis ad 2.5 mm latis, margine pallidis valde incrassatisque, latere plus minusve granulosis, margine interiore basi minute pubescente, alibi glabris, per aetate rubescentibus; cuticula utrinque tenuissima, vix manifesta; cellulis epidermalibus lateralibus in sectione transversa uniseriatis, oblongis, 60— 100 yu altis, luminibus sat magnis, parietibus exterioribus ca. 20 mu crassis, alteris multo tenuioribus, cellulis marginalibus multiseriatis, ab eis later- alibus abrupte distinctis, polygonatis cum luminibus minimis, 20-60 uw diametro; scapis spiraliter tortis, ad 34 cm altis, superne complanatis sed haud costatis, minute granulosis; cellulis epidermalibus in sectione trans- 254 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington versa oblongis, 40-50 wu altis, parietibus exterioribus 15-20 uw crassis, alteris tenuibus; vagina scaporum breviter laminata, eas foliorum duplo vel triplo superante; spica ellipsoidea, 10-12 mm longa, multiflora; brac- teis arcte imbricatis, infimis valde reductis, ellipticis, area dorsali longa praeditis, florigeris late ellipticis, apice late rotundatis et macula rubra praeditis, sepala superantibus, integris, area dorsali oblonga 2-3 mm longa praeditis, haud carinatis, brunneis, glabris; sepalis lateralibus liberis, inaequilateris, suboblongis, apice late rotundatis, ala carinali angusta, minute ciliata; limbo petalorum elliptico, 2 mm longo; antheris oblongis. Type in the New York Botanical Garden, collected at the airport, Serra do Cachimbo, State of Para, Brazil, altitude 425 m, 18 December 1956, by J. M. Pires, G. A. Black, J. J. Wurdack, and N. T. Silva (No. 6457). Paratypes: BraAziu: Para: Rio Cururu, upper Rio Tapajos Basin: Wet sand, Creputia, Egler and Raimundo 1226 (MG, US); 1250 (MG, US). Missdo Velha, Egler and Raimundo 1284 (MG, US). The broad leaf-sheaths of Xyris piresiana place it with south Brazilian species like X. lucida Malme, but the rounded short-ciliate sepals dis- tinguish it from this group. The paratypes are more slender plants with narrower leaves but do not differ in any essential character. Xyris (Nematopus) ramboi Smith and Downs, new species Fig. 7 Caespitosa, subbulbosa sed subcaulescens; rhizomate crasso, brevi, verticali; radicibus tenuibus; foliis manifeste distichis, ensiformi-linear- ibus, valde applanatis, ad 11 cm longis; vaginis ca. dimidiam partem folii occupantibus, opacis, superne quam laminis haud latioribus, eligulatis, basi valde dilatatis et atris, valde tuberculatis; laminis 4-6 mm latis, sur- sum angustatis, apice asymmetrice rotundatis vel late acutis, in sicco paulo striatis, utroque latere basi valde tuberculatis sed sursum gradatim decrescentibus, aciebus minute denseque ciliatis, nervis submarginalibus haud vel vix incrassatis; cuticula utrinque tenuissima, vix manifesta; cellulis epidermalibus lateralibus in sectione transversa subaequalibus, 70-90 uw altis, parietibus exterioribus ca. 10 u crassis, alteris etiam tenuior- ibus, cellulis marginalibus altioribus, parietibus exterioribus ad 40 u crassis; scapis terminalibus et lateralibus, vix spiraliter tortis, ad apicem versus bicostatis, 8-20 cm altis, costis dense ciliatis exclusis fere 1 mm diametro, alibi glabris, ad basin versus minutissime tuberculatis; cellulis epidermalibus in sectione transversa 50 wu altis, parietibus exterioribus ad 20 uw crassis, alteris multo tenuioribus; vagina scaporum quam foliis brev- iore, in apiculum foliaceum brevem excurrente, brunnea; spica submulti- flora, ellipsoidea, 10-13 mm longa; bracteis vetustis solum cognitis, pat- entibus, ellipticis, late rotundatis, ad 5 mm longis, sepala subaequantibus, coriaceis, integerrimis vel apice per aetatem minute erosis, ecarinatis, uninervatis, pallide brunneis, opacis, area dorsali carentibus, laevibus, glabris, infimis reductis; sepalis lateralibus liberis, lineari-oblanceolatis, acutis, ca. 5 mm longis, subaequilateris, apice incurvata, ala carinali angusta, apice minute ciliata; placentis basalibus. Xyridaceae from Brazil—IlI 255 imm 1 yey § Type in the Herbario Anchieta, No. 3486, collected on the airport, Caravelas, State of Bahia, Brazil, 12 January 1940, by B. Rambo. Nega- tive No. 5472 in the U. S. National Herbarium. The broad flat leaf-blades of Xyris ramboi quickly distinguish it from the nearly related X. bahiana Malme, but in most other characters they are very similar. Xyris (Nematopus) reitzii Smith and Downs, new species Fig. 8 Densissime caespitosa; radicibus ad 1 mm diametro; foliis ultra 50 cm longis, glabris; vaginis superne quam laminis multo latioribus, late ligu- latis, omnino atro-castaneis, sublucidis vel opacis, 9-13 cm longis, basi valde dilatatis; laminis subteretibus, paulo ultra 1 mm diametro, fascis fibro-vascularibus 7 praeditis, ad basin versus plus minusve rugulosis; cuticula utrinque tenuissima, vix manifesta; cellulis epidermalibus in sec- tione transversa uniformibus, oblongis cum lumine parva globosa vacua, 40 u altis, parietibus exterioribus 20 u crassis, alteris multo tenuioribus; scapis terminalibus, ad 80 cm altis vel ultra, subteretibus, ecostatis, ex sicco minute nervatis; cellulis epidermalibus in sectione transversa eis Cou Fic. 8 foliorum similibus sed partibus interioribus praeditis; vagina scaporum 15-18 cm longa, breviter sed manifeste laminata; spica multiflora, crasse ellipsoidea, 12 mm longa; bracteis arcte imbricatis, infimis manifeste reductis, florigeris late ellipticis rotundatisque, sepala subaequantibus, margine tenuibus, mox laceratis, glabris, area dorsali ovata viridi prae- ~ Xyridaceae from Brazil—II 257 ditis; sepalis lateralibus liberis, valde inaequilateris, semi-ellipticis, acutis, 6 mm longis, glabris, ala carinali supra medium dilatata et valde lacerata; placentis basalibus. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,325,426, collected in bog, 5 kilometers east of Faxinal dos Guedes, Municipio de Xanxeré, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, altitude 700-900 m, 3 January 1957, by L. B. Smith and Pe. R. Reitz (No. 9818). Isotypes in Herbario “Barbosa Rod- rigues” and Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Paratype: Brazi_: Santa Catarina: Municipio Campo Alegre: Between Postema and Morro Iquererim, alt. 900-1000 m, 7 November 1956, L. B. Smith and R. Klein 7451 (HBR, R, US). Xyris reitzii belongs to the difficult species complex of southern Brazil with broad dark leaf-sheaths and prominent dorsal areas. Its nearest relative is probably X. vacillans Malme, but it differs from all in its glab- rous and broadly lacerate-carinate lateral sepals. Xyris (Nematopus?) tomentosa Smith and Downs, new species Fig. 9 Caespitosa, acaulis, bulbosa: radicibus tenuissimis; foliis heteromorphis, extimis ad vaginas parvas late ovatas atro-castaneas reductis; intimis paucis laminigeris, ad 23 cm longis; vaginis intimis elongatis, superne quam laminis haud latioribus, basi paulo dilatatis, eligulatis; laminis planis, 1 mm latis, ex sicco plus minusve nervatis, margine longe denseque albo-tomentosis; cuticula utrinque tenuissima, vix manifesta; cellulis epidermalibus in sectione transversa uniformibus, late oblongis, 40-50 u altis, partibus interioribus persistentibus, parietibus subaequalibus, tenui- bus; scapis spiraliter tortis, gracillimis, ad 37 cm altis, lineatim albo- tomentosis; cellulis epidermalibus in sectione transversa subquadratis, 40-50 pw altis, parietibus exterioribus ca. 10 uw crassis, alteris tenuioribus; vagina scaporum breviter laminata, quam foliis duplo vel triplo breviore; spica ellipsoidea, 6 mm longa, pauciflora; bracteis arcte imbricatis, infi- mis paulo reductis, florigeris late ellipticis, sepala superantibus, plus minusve uninervatis, ex sicco aureo-brunneis, tenuibus, sine area dorsali, valde laceratis, apice rubro-hyalino-marginatis; sepalis lateralibus liberis, inaequilateris, suboblongis, apice rotundatis, ca. 5 mm longis, ala carinali angusta, minute pubescenti; limbo petalorum elliptico, 3 mm _ longo; antheris oblongis, 1.5 mm longis; staminodiis penicillatis; in ovariis per- juvenilibus placentis haud exacte visis. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,324,957, collected on wet sandy soil, Erereri, Rio Cururi, region of the upper Rio Tapajdés, State of Para, Brazil, 8 February 1960, by W. A. Egler (No. 1273) and Rai- mundo. Isotype in Museu Paraense “Emilio Goeldi” (No. 24.320). The conspicuous indument on the scape of Xyris tomentosa is reminis- cent of that in X. lanuginosa Seub., but in X. lanuginosa it is evenly distributed while in our species it is confined to two vertical lines. 258 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Abolboda egleri Smith and Downs, new species Fig. 10 Perennis; radicibus paucis, crassis; rhizomatibus brevissimis sed ra- mosis; foliis plurimis, densissime rosulatis; vaginis ellipticis, 5 mm longis, planis; laminis linearibus, ad 3 cm longis, 0.8 mm latis, planis, supra laevi- bus, subtus valde carinatis, margine incrassatis integrisque, apice seta pallida tenuissima 4 mm longa praeditis; cuticula utrinque tenuissima, vix manifesta; cellulis epidermalibus dorsalibus in sectione transversa subquadratis, 30-40 wu altis, vacuis, parietibus subaequalibus, tenuibus; cellulis ventralibus quadratis vel polygonatis, vix 20 mw diametro, lumini- bus minimis; cellulis marginalibus inter alias intermediis; scapo unico, ad 9 cm alto, 1 mm diametro; scapi vaginis 1-jugatis, suboppositis, sub- medianis, amplectantibus, lanceolatis, 9-11 mm longis, membranaceo- marginatis, apice seta brevissima praeditis; inflorescentia simplicissima, spicata, ellipsoidea, 9-10 mm longa, pauciflora; bracteis late ovatis, Gi WA / yi EZ ee ¢& ly WY; Lif 24 Lt4 GW lhgir% (Gy Bod $f F 4,7 C [ a er es | 50 pe Xyridaceae from Brazil—Il 259 breviter crasseque apiculatis, ad 7 mm longis, late convexis, induratis, apice late scarioso-marginatis, area dorsali viride carentibus, infimis fertilibus, ab alteris superatis; sepalis ellipticis, late acutis, 7 mm longis; petalis verisimiliter caeruleis. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,324,956, collected on swampy ground, Erereri, Rio Cururt, region of the upper Rio Tapajés, State of Para, Brazil, 8 February 1960, by W. A. Egler (No. 1271) and Raimundo. Isotype in Museu Paraense “Emilio Goeldi” (No. 24.318). This Abolboda egleri combines the short basal bracts and long-setose leaf-apices of A. pulchella H. and B. with the narrow, very numerous leaves of A. acicularis Idrobo and Smith. It differs from both species in having the underside of the leaf-blade prominently carinate. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Fig. 1.—Xyris archeri: a, apex of leaf-sheath; b, section of leaf-blade; c, section of leaf-epidermis; d, section of scape; e, spike; f, lateral sepals; g, ovary (opened ); h, seed. Fig. 2.—Xyris egleri: a, apex of leaf-sheath; b, apex of leaf-blade; c, section of leaf-epidermis, lateral; d, same, marginal; e, section of scape 7 cm from base; f, same, 7 cm from apex; g, section of scape-epidermis; h, spike; i, floral bract; j, lateral sepal; k, stamen; 1, staminode. Fig. 3—Xyris hatschbachii: a, apex of leaf-sheath; b, section of leaf- epidermis, lateral; c, same, marginal; d, section of scape; e, section of scape-epidermis; f, same, of costa; g, spike; h, floral bract; i, lateral sepal; j, stamen; k, staminode; I, ovary (opened). Fig. 4.—Xyris mima: a, apex of leaf-sheath; b, apex of leaf-blade; c, section of leaf-epidermis, lateral; d, same, marginal; e, section of scape; f, section of scape-epidermis; g, spike; h, floral bract; i, lateral sepal; j, stamen; k, staminode; |, ovary (opened); m, seed. Fig. 5.—Xyris moraesii: a, apex of leaf-sheath; b, base of leaf-sheath; c, section of leaf-epidermis, lateral; d, same, marginal; e, section of scape; f, section of scape-epidermis; g, same of main costa; h, same of subcosta; i, spike; j, lateral sepal; k, ovary (opened). Fig. 6.—Xyris piresiana: a, apex of leaf-sheath; b, section of leaf and marginal epidermis; c, same, lateral; d, section of scape; e, section of scape-epidermis; f, spike; g, lateral sepal. Fig. 7.—Xyris ramboi: a, apex of leaf-sheath; b, apex of leaf-blade; c, section of leaf-epidermis, lateral; d, same, marginal; e, section of scape; f, section of scape-epidermis; g, spike; h, floral bract; i, lateral sepal; j, ovary (opened). Fig. 8.—Xyris reitzii: a, apex of leaf-sheath; b, base of leaf-sheath; c, section of leaf-epidermis; d, section of scape; e, section of scape- epidermis; f, spike; g, lateral sepal; h, ovary (opened). Fig. 9.—Xyris tomentosa: a, apex of leaf-sheath; b, base of leaf- sheath; c, section of leaf-epidermis; d, section of scape; e, section of scape-epidermis; f, spike; g, lateral sepal. 260 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fig. 10.—Abolboda egleri: a, apex of leaf-blade; b, section of leaf- epidermis, dorsal; c, same, ventral; d, same, marginal; e, section of scape with bracts; f, spike; g, lateral sepal; h, ovary. If. 0673 Vol. 73, pp. 261-266 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON JAPYGIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA 7. A NEW GENUS IN THE PROVALLJAPYGINAE FROM MISSOURI By Lesuiz M. SmitTH University of California, Davis In 1936, while conducting a survey of insects in the soil of peach orchards, W. F. Turner collected a single specimen of a species of japygid which presents so many unique fea- tures that it seems worth-while to record its existence. This specimen, which I shall call Eojapyx pedis has plumose body setae and other characters which place it in the subfamily Provalljapyginae. The characteristic of plumose body setae is found only in this subfamily and in the subfamily Evall- japyginae. No specimens of either subfamily have ever been found east of the Rocky Mountains, but are common along the Pacific Coast and in Mexico. The specimen of E. pedis was collected in Stoddard County, Missouri, at least a thousand miles east of its near relatives. During the soil survey of peach orchards, several thousand specimens of Parajapyx isabellae (Gr.) as well as a few speci- mens of Metajapyx subterraneus (Packard) were taken. This points out the magnitude of the survey and the efficiency of collecting japygids. The capture of a single specimen of E. pedis therefore poses a question. It might be assumed that E. pedis represents a recent introduction from the Pacific Coast, especially since Stoddard County lies in the lowlands bordering the Mississippi River and therefore contiguous to marine commerce. However, anatomically, no counterparts of E. pedis have been found on the Pacific Coast. The mandibles of E. pedis bear a resemblance to the mandi- bles of P. isabellae (Gr.) in that there are three major teeth with small secondary teeth between them. The setae in the male setose sac in the third sternite resemble those of some 37—Proc: Bion. Soc. WaAsuH., Voi. 73, 1960 (261) 1 ~~, es, iC ad "4 262 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington species of Nanojapyx but are more advanced in evolution. It is possible that each of the large brush-like setae is glandular and connected by a thin sclerotized duct to a glandular, se- creting cell which lies farther back in the sac, and that the enlargement on the duct is a point of attachment. Some unde- scribed species of Nanojapyx in the writer’s collection appear to indicate such a structure. The tarsi of E. pedis have two modified setae which arise ventrally, near the pretarsus and project between the tarsal claws. Somewhat similar setae are found on Parajapyx (Grassjapyx) ambiguous Pages, and they are reminiscent of setae on the tarsi of certain campodeids such as Metriocampa and Campodea. In recognition of this character the species is named pedis (foot) and the genus from eos (east) since it occurs far east of its nearest relatives. Eojapyx, new genus Type species: Eojapyx pedis L. Smith. Small, under 0.4 mm long, body with many plumose setae, mandible with three large teeth bearing smaller accessory teeth or inner margin, antennae with 22 segments in type species, terminal segment of antenna with eight conspicuous placoid sensillae, legs relatively short, apical ven- tral setae on tarsi modified, tarsal claws equal, median claw prominent and curved, plumose setae in male sac largé and with many pinnules (as illustrated) forceps nearly symmetrical, long, slender with a few basal teeth, pygidium rounded, prominent, all styli with two setae. The genus Eojapyx is related to the genus Nanojapyx but is distin- guished by the accessory teeth on the mandible, by the modified tarsal setae which project between the tarsal claws, by the smooth forceps with basal teeth only, by eight placoid sensillae on the terminal antennal seg- ment (whereas Nanojapyx has only six), and by having two setae on each stylus (whereas Nanojapyx has only one on each). Eojapyx pedis, new species Male: Head: Antenna with 22 segments, trichobothria! typical, one- third longer than longest adjacent seta, ultimate segment slightly longer than wide, with eight placoid sensillae in an irregular whorl, each sensil- lum pear-shaped and recessed into a pocket, segment seven dorsal half with an irregular row of ten setae, ventrally two irregular rows of nine 1 Abbreviations and terms: M = plumose setae, generally large; m = simple setae, generally smaller; trichobothria = special sense-setae on antennal segments IV—VI; Ls = metathoracic leg; pleuron composed of prepleurite situated anterior to the pleurite; carinae = laterad lines of sclerotization on dorsum of segment X; Acropy- gidium = mid-dorsal projection of segment X to the rear; apotome = anterior sclerite of an abdominal sternum. A New Genus of Japygidae see Missouri 264 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington and eight setae each, segment twenty with two irregular whorls of 20 setae each, dorsum of head with four transverse rows of setae, about ten setae per row M alternating with m in the row, M with one or two pin- nules, labrum with five hyaline sensory cones at tip, and 11 setae of which the median basal pair longer than the others, maxillary palpus three times as long as wide with seven setae near tip, thumb of galea with five pro- jections, lacinia with four pectinate branches, the fifth or distal branch reduced to a slender rod, two-thirds as long as the adjacent branch, man- dible with three prominent teeth, between the ventral and median teeth, four small accessory teeth; between the median tooth and dorsal tooth, six accessory teeth; thin membraneous prostheca present, labial palpi slightly clavate, three times as long as wide with two long apical setae and two shorter, subapical setae, protrusible pouches on labium typical. Thorax: Pronotum with 7+-7 M and 5++5 m, mesonotum and meta- notum prescutum 1+1 M and no m, scutum with 10+10 M and 2+2 m, Le twice as long as greatest width of pronotum, dorsal apex of femur of all legs with a close row of three setae, of which anterior plumose, longest, the others simple, subequal, tibia L3 with two stout, plumose setae (calcaria?) and 16 simple setae, tarsal claws subequal with median claw prominent, bent as a right angle, two long ventral setae with hooked ends project between tarsal claws, two large ventral setae per row on tarsus. Abdomen: Tergite I prescutum 2M and no m, scutum 7+7 M with three to five coarse pinnules, and 6+6 m, sternite I with an irregular row of 9-++9 small plumose setae anterior to subcoxal organs and within the limits of the styli; lateral subcoxal organs extending from near the styli to near the mid line, with one posterior row of 6+6 slender plumose sen- sory setae with large sockets, and one irregular row of glandular setae 13+15 half as long as sensory setae and anterior to sensory setae; median subcoxal organ absent, all styli with a slight secondary cone and two basal setae with laterad seta two and one-half times the length of mesad seta, and a basal pore between the setal sockets; tergite II with 17+17 plu- mose setae of various sizes with two to six pinnules 3+4 simple setae, pleuron II prepleurite with 2M and one large m, pleurite anterior to pos- terior 2M, m, M, m, and small m, stemum II apotome with a single row of 7+7 plumose setae alternating large and smaller, becoming smaller medially, sternite with 25+-25 M with three to five stout pinnules, tergite III 24-24 plumose setae of various sizes and 4+4 simple setae, pleuron as in segment II, sternum III apotome as in segment II, sternite with opening of male setose sac surrounded by 22 short, stout plumose setae, plumose sac with 9+-9 large brush-like plumose setae inside in a single row, each seta connected with a slender twisted rod with an enlargement near base of seta, segments IV to VII similar to segment II, postero-lateral angles of tergite VII not projected to rear, pleurae normal, segment VIII slightly carinate dorsally with 7-+-7 M and 5-++5 m between carinae, ster- num VIII with 94+-24+-9 M and 9+9 m, gential arifice oval surrounded by a ring of sixteen simple short setae, gential palpi absent, segment IX with A New Genus of Japygidae from Missouri 265 3+3 M dorsally, alternating with 3+3 simple setae half as long as the M, segment IX ventrally with 3+3 M alternating with 3+-3 m, tergite X between carinae 4+1+4 M and four large simple setae along posterior edge, no setae in rectum, pygidium prominent, rounded, equal in length to stylus IV, segment X width 0.20 mm, length 0.25 mm, forceps nearly bilaterally symmetrical, slender, nearly straight, denticles biserial, located in basal fourth of forceps, left arm upper row three minute teeth lower row three slightly larger teeth, right arm upper row three minute denti- cles, lower row three slightly larger teeth, inner edge of both forceps straight, smooth, without crenulations, tips of forceps slightly curved; length of body including forceps 3.46 mm, length of forceps 0.17 mm, length of L3 0.36 mm. Female: Unknown. Type: One male on a microslide with the label: Peach Orchard Sur- vey, Stoddard County, Missouri, 25 September 1936. From W. F. Turner. T-1201, Lot 37-2482. Type deposited in U. S. National Museum. William F. Turner (personal communication) has supplied the follow- ing information: “Soil samples were collected from at least 10 different locations in an orchard. These samples were then thoroughly mixed before being introduced into the Berlese funnels. It was very seldom that any samples were taken at the very edge of an orchard. In any case, the samples in question were collected within 2 feet of the trunks of peach trees, and samples were not taken over 6 to 8 inches deep. The soil in the orchard was listed according to the U. S. Soil Surveys as Memphis silt loam. The top 10 to 12 inches was a brown silt (loess). This orchard was on the top of Crowley’s ridge, which arises in southeast Missouri and runs south almost to the Louisiana line in Arkansas. The orchard had not been cultivated prior to harvest and the notes state that it was grown up in such weeds as Solidago, Aster, Smilax, Eupatorium, and blackberry, but that there was very little grass in the orchard. Under such circumstances the weed growth is, of course, much lighter under the trees than it is between trees. Nevertheless, there would be a con- siderable amount of such growth even to within 2 feet of the trunks of the trees. The soil was quite moist, it having rained just 2 days prior to the time when the soil collection was made.” In many specimens some setae may be missing. The types of missing seta, that is whether simple or plumose, can be inferred from the setal socket. Simple setae have simple, circular setal sockets whereas plumose setae have circular setal sockets with inner sclerotization leaving a U- shaped opening in which the seta may move backwards or forwards only. This generalization holds for body setae (but not setae on the head or appendages) in the Evalljapyginae as well as the Provalljapyginae. The gut contents of the specimen are amorphous and show no insect or mite parts. The delicate structure of the mandibles may indicate that this species has abandoned the predatory habit completely. The absence 266 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington of such specimens from all japygid collections which I have examined suggests that they normally occur at considerable depths in the soil. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES All figures are of Eojapyx pedis L. Smith from male specimen cleared, stained and mounted in balsam. Fig. 1.—Dorsal view of tenth segment and forceps with all setae be- tween carinae shown, and all other setae omitted, e = 0.15 mm.. Fig. 2.—Lateral view of metatarsus, e = 0.048 mm. Fig. 3.—Lateral view of pleuron II showing prepleurite and pleurite, e = 0.084 mm. Fig. 4.—Dorsal view of terminal antennal segment showing 8 placoid sensillae. All setae omitted, e = 0.028 mm. Fig. 5.—Dorsal view of placoid sensilla, e = 0.001 mm. Fig. 6.—Lateral view of placoid sensilla, e = 0.001 mm. Fig. 7.—Ventral view of male setose sac, e = 0.053 mm. Fig. 8.—Ventro-median view of left mandible with prostheca, e = 0.015 mm. | i | I i! i i! | | Ng i] Me m.0¢ 73 Vol. 73, pp. 267-274 30 December 1960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF THE CLIFF CHIPMUNK FROM CENTRAL CHIHUAHUA By Wiiu1AM Z. LIDIcKER, JR. Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley Recent collections made by field parties of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology from numerous localities in Chihuahua have revealed that the cliff chipmunks (Eutamias dorsalis) inhabiting the relatively isolated Sierra del Nido have evolved to the point of subspecific distinctness. Numerous differences exist between the chipmunks of the Sierra del Nido and those representing all other nearby races of E. dorsalis. Further- more, many of these differences are in seemingly unrelated characters so that considerable genetic divergence is indi- cated. This unique population of chipmunks is formally de- scribed below. Measurements were obtained only from indi- viduals which had well-worn molariform teeth. Eutamias dorsalis nidoensis, new subspecies Type: Male, adult, skin, skull, and stained baculum; no. 124831, Mus. Vert. Zool., from 5 mi N Cerro Campana, 5600 ft, Chihuahua, Mexico; collected by W. Z. Lidicker, Jr., on 5 July 1959; original no. 1961. Range: It is known to inhabit the Sierra del Nido complex of high country which includes the Sierra Santa Clara and Cerro Campana as well as the Sierra del Nido proper. Individuals have been collected or observed within an altitudinal range of from 5600 feet to over 8000 feet, although they are most common above 6000 feet. Although these moun- tains are relatively isolated by surrounding desert and grassy plains, E. d. nidoensis probably intergrades with the subspecies inhabiting the Sierra Madre de Occidental to the northwest in the vicinity of San Buenaven- tura. Its range is separated by about 250 miles from that of E. d. carminis in the Sierra del Carmen of Coahuila. Diagnosis: A sample of 19 specimens from five localities in the Sierra del Nido area has the following diagnostic features. Body size large, =, 38—Proe. Brow, Soe. Wasn., Vou. 73, 1960 (267) ” A, me 268 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington averaging over 134 mm in length (total length minus tail length); tail very short and hind foot moderately short, averaging 92.4 and 34.3 mm in length respectively. Distinctive cranial features include a relatively long maxillary toothrow which averages 5.42 mm in crown length. The skull is relatively broad through the interorbital region, the least breadth measuring from 8.5 to 9.8 mm and averaging 9.09 mm. In contrast to this the breadth across the zygomatic arches is relatively narrow, averag- ing only 19.90 mm. Moreover, the nasal bones are relatively broad, par- ticularly anteriorly. This is a difficult character to measure adequately, since it is determined in part by the area of the laterally curving portion of the nasals. Nevertheless, this difference was at least partially measured by determining the breadth across both nasals at the junction of the anteriormost process of the premaxillary and the nasals. Nasal breadth measured in this way averages 4.06 mm. See Table 1 for a fuller descrip- tion of the statistical spread of these measurements. These chipmunks are, in general, gray with a strong suffusion of whit- ish hairs, and a dull reddish under-fur color especially in the shoulder region. The dorsal stripes are indistinct. A median black dorsal stripe is always present but it is suffused with whitish hairs, even in summer pelage, so its over-all aspect is indistinct. The pair of brown stripes im- mediately lateral to the central stripe, often present in this species, is either not present or barely perceptible. Lateral to this area is an indis- tinct white stripe which is ordinarily visible but tends to blend into the background color. In a few individuals there is an additional brown stripe which is barely visible lateral to this last white stripe. The flanks are similar to the back but have a slight rusty tinge. The facial stripes are dark brown and distinct, and the ventral side of the tail and anal region are a dull rusty color. The winter and summer pelages differ rela- tively little, although the summer pelage is shorter, slightly less red, and has slightly more prominent dorsal stripes. Comparisons: This population of chipmunks needs to be compared primarily with that of the Sierra Madre de Occidental, which is now in- cluded in the subspecies dorsalis, and with E. d. carminis Goldman from the Sierra del Carmen in Coahuila. It is these two populations with which nidoensis is likely to be closely related. Careful comparison reveals that it is more closely related to chipmunks of the Sierra Madre, than to those of the Sierra del Carmen. In any discussion of color in chipmunks, it seems pertinent to consider | whether or not the specimens being compared are in comparable molt i stages. Fortunately the series from the Sierra del Nido consists of some individuals in winter pelage, some in summer, and some in mixed pelage. The various collections from the Sierra Madre also contain all three types | of pelage. Color comparisons can thus be made between comparable individuals. The specimens from the Sierra del Carmen were all collected in April and hence are in winter pelage, but comparisons with other indi- viduals in winter pelage seem appropriate. E. d. nidoensis can be distinguished from E. dorsalis of the Sierra 69 A New Subspecies of the Cliff Chipmunk ‘WqSue] YO Ul WU OT Uv} sseyT SOAIQqUIA G}IM 10 JURUSAId JOU Orv YOIYAA SeTeUloy pure ‘soTeUl [TB SapNypouUy » OS6'G -— soo €2L00 O8€0 GITO LITO 610 FILO SSO 988% ELOE SEDC “as 999 699 TéS sse L000 188 t69I Scle OIG SEE GI6 €366 Ss OeT x 8°9S pa O'S Le VoL Ss 99T 98 ST Té I8 lie “sel ‘Ulu = USULTBD) G69 a 9° TP Oto 6 Sut 20:86 GG 9€ eIT 686 3=6GFT xeul PP 4 I hk 9 Et L IT Il II {Gis OL OL Ol u BLIIS sco’ SLOT 9€0'0 ct0'0 9800 9900 0900 LSTO 8920 FOCO SLET ESCLT FOLT *aS VSL 910 Ses c6be *FI'OC I68 FS9T COLE CGIe OSSE LCOL TEES ODET X ewepMoO 019 O09 8s8YF Le e6r 8 Coke “ae 61 VE L8 OGG 601 “Uru oy LS6 OLL LS on ike = S:'6 GLI 68 6 LE 9IT €S assimilis, Hyloctistes ——--__-________ Aster a: Leiocephalus- ATARI AgStori; Scyliaridess. = = oe Bret CHT (oe ee Miva Ganare ooo 2 atricapilla, Pitta | atriculus, Spirobolellus BSA Saat a Ta atrovarius, Thomomys ----.-..-------.._-_. Atya pilipes fee spinipes Ls audactor, Stenophilus - aurantiaca, Eutreta _ Tephritis Xenochaeta - Austrogobius Austromenopon aegialitidis Azygobolus B bahiana, Xyris bakkamoena, Otus Balboa variabilis barbatus, Docophorus Strigiphilus bartschi, Cubocricus Rhinocricus basicola, Rhagoletis batei, Scyllarus Bathynomus giganteus beauforti, Rhinocricus Bebryce y fst ( 287) 288 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington bensifer, Calymmodesmus __....._... 276 bermudensis, Arctides _____.........____- 154 Seylllarides)) 2.2 ee ela uteiec ie ee 154 bicolor, Gymnocarena _________-______--- 107 bicuspidatus, Scyllarus _.._____-_____- 150 biguttata, Archamia __..............- 30 Bimindyla gertschi _......--..------- 99 boephilus, Quadraceps _.......-_-____. 161 bongaoensis, Parus _._............--... 218 borealis, ‘Contopus)) 2 eee 141 botauns Ardeicola) ae 159 ip eurus | eee eee a ea 159 Brachygeophilus admirinus ______- 99 breviceps, Cymus ____..... 235 brevitoliay -Xyris) 2 eee 245 Brueliagabnup tay een 160 palliduillay Se co. ea eae 161 DIC UA bea eae 161 WO ULI Bat chy aa eee ee 162 xanthocephali) eee 161 brunneri;) (Cromia) 2 eee 195 brunneus, Prosomoeus ____......--._---- 237 Bubo: vareiniamuis) ee 157 bubonis, Docophorus ____.-_--__- 157 Bufo cataulaciceps ____.___-.-.------— 53 EMPUSUS He es a eens eee 53 cea TaVOU IVC) aUy ea ee 53 OrMGAMACGG 53 peltacephalus _.___..-_.__--_-_-____. 45 peltacephalus fustiger __________ 47 peltacephalus peltacephalus __. 46 peltocephalus __.-----_---_---_ 45 taladas 000i) ee 51 Bunaka gyrinoides ___.....----_-----_. 191 bunkeri, Antrozous ________-_-____-____. 84 Buteo jamaicensis _____________--____---__- 40 LV OPUS) ean Re hoa 43 iT ACUSY, |e eh es ee ea 43 TEP Ais, ,, eee Sles Loc Mey AACA eas 43 buteonis, Craspedorrhynchus _______.. 40 C Calap pay ae ed a cee 97 caledonicus, Parribacus ______._-____ 147 calienteCinara 2 ee ee 200 californicus, Stenophilus __.______ 88 Calllinectess yea iis eased ae hae ah 97 Calymmodesmus andinus _________-_- 275 IDenSTFe rere esos eee ws ES 276 (Ceol pees tedi gots ses MeL GS ta Ne UROL 276 inqwinatus|) 2 eoOe we ae 275 SOdallis) pect Aus asec aeiee LEAS 276 camoae, Thomomys ____-___----.---------_- 35 Campodeay, 2. Use As ewer ae 262 cantwelli, Antrozous ______._--_-__-____- 84 Capratas saxicola ae eenene y7/ (Chiatcbbavel Vai ojhy peek ee 191 weberi ___.___- dhe Ate eI 191 carinatus, Leiocephalus ______.__-_--_ 103 carli, Calymmodesmus ______-_-_------- 276 carminis, Eutamias _____-_------------------ 267 carolinensis, Orpheus ________------------ 161 castoris, Trichodectes _______--__.__----- 162 @aswariniay ici en Tuas ae eat hea 79 cataulaciceps, Bufo ___......--------_-_--__ 53 Cedrus deodora, 222 225 ceylonensis, Culicicapa _____-__--------._ 215 chacei, Scyllarus -____-__-___-_-----------_- 152 championi, Ischnorhynchus _____________ 235 Kileidocerys)) 2222 iia. i. eae ae 235 Charadrius vociferus ____-__-_-....--_- 159 chefuensis, Liparis ___._.._-_...------------ 19 Chelogonobolus atriculus —_______-_--- 137 Pais a HB 1 Kj oa ae RA a AN Ml a 132 chinookiana, Cinara -____...----...------._- 222, chiquita, Garmannia -__--------------.---- 284 Covepnaecy, Mbjioeiac) oe 15 Chordeiles minor ______.-_-.------------_- 162 chrysaétos, Aquila ___-. 43 chrysogenys, Zapus ____.____-_---- 171 ciliatusSelbacus) ee 147 Cinara abieticola —... 221 alacral eas ae ee 221 alticolay. 2220.0. 2 eee 228 apacheca! 12.0 anh oe 201 VETea se ea Ve 200 Callienite)) 22600 ite ies ai ae 200 Chin OoOkia rian ne ee 222 Curtihirsutayy eee 223 GUTVIPES) 222.22 Jet. 223 OCs) ) ko Ee eA no 201 sentner! 2.00 eee 224 STANCE ei 224 Ihitta,., j2.) 2603) ee ee 225 Keltisa es 226 lasiocarpac: | 2200... 28 eee 221 metalicay (2224S ee eee 201 TMiniita eos Sea 22,7 miticulay (6050s Ue eke ale eae 200 occidentalis aa 228 OSBOPME 2200 228 pacificay | fii) alae eee 228 pinata) a ee 200 pinona: 2.2 ee 201 poketas 2. 6 ee ee 200 pseudotaxifoliae ___.._._________-____- 198 pseudotsugae _____-__--_--- 198 Piuerca: 8 200 TUSTCA! 2 a 200 schulhd 24.2 Besa eee 230 setulosa) | oho. 2G ee ae ee 230 SOMATA, eel a 231 tannert: 2.) Suu Sei ioe ee ae 200 taxifoliae 20.0. be ee 198 termoinalis: "2.00. ae ea 200 utahensis ;. Oe 223 wahsugae. 2002.00. ee 197 wahtolea))! {4.000 4 2 ues ee 201 coccygi, Docophorus __________-__________- 157 coccygii, Cuculoecus __________.__- 157 coloradanus, Stenophilus ___.__.____- 88 Colpocephalum kelloggi —..__________ 155 pectinatus), unui ees 156 concolor, A’bles) 25.2.2 ee 222 Coniferae | oh ee ea 199 Contopus borealis ___..._..._________-____- 141 richards Oita 142 Sordidulusy) 2.0 Uo... eee 141 sordidulus amplus ____._______.. 144 sordidulus saturatus _______...__. 146 sordidulus siccicola _____________. 145 sordidulus veliei _________________ 142 cooperii, Accipiter _________________-_. 40 cordatus, Nurmus ____..----__--_--____- 160 Rotundiceps _________-__--_-_-------- 160 cornea, Neritina 2. --022122200_ 191 corvis, Docophorus) ae 157 Craspedorrhynchus americanus _____- 40 aquilinus) 2) ee 42 buteomisy {0.0 ee eee 40 Gilatatus), 222282 2 ee 40 haematopusy 2) ee . 40 Fnalie tio. Le eee eae 42, 158 nar suitus;) 2s es ee Sie 40 ODSCUTUS, 228 ee 42 subhaematopus __...._--._ 39 @tenocellay 2. ee eG cubensis, Leiocephalus __________. 67, 103 Cubocricus duvernoyi -__---------------_-_- 12 maximus bartschi _______________ 13 SUprenans |< ee eee 12 Cuculiphilus alternatus _________. 159 Cuculoecus coecygii _..--------------- 157 Guilltcicapal kee a See 215 SN NO = Index ceylonensis —_ ples OG Eleotris fusca helianthea helianthea ___ 215 Ellisella elongata helianthea mayri -_.-..._...__.. 215 grandis helianthea panayensis 23 BS limbaughi helianthea septentrionalis 218 elongata, Ellisella helianthea zimmeri — . 218 Gorgonia WerereTeRSIe ATIOENIS cre 150 empusus, Bufo ee eee |) ¢ engelmanni, Picea Perr eatngra ee BOG Eojapyx ; REARS ee ete OS pedis : curtihirsuta, Minnra. geo OS Erlacda (?) insititia - Cymodema exiguum —_.....__- = dSo236 ~~ eryzivorus, Dolichonyx ici ree | | Escaryus ee Cymus breviceps __....._...........-.. 235 ##Euaresta tricolor moe! DG rE ——— 236 Pprestoides ee pose Euceratherium D Eunicella Reise Pett rapa torn: 2k eee CIE _—————————— 239 Eurhinocricus " >0. 0 br 239 Eurosta dawsoni, Octolasmis ___-__-_-_-___-_____ 95 Eutamias dorsalis _ Degeeriella marginatulus —_—_-__. 161 dorsalis carminis ae ee US 161 dorsalis dorsalis tas PY s Dee ICOmRIA = 119 dorsalis nidoensis delfosi, Scyllarides —_______ a 153 Eutreta aurantiaca — a 236 evexus, Thomomys 0 OS 2 ie 225 exiguum, Cymodema 55] eS dichotoma, Scirpearia —____________ 181 exotheotus, Leiocephalus i ————E——E—————E 109 expansum, Menopon _........-. : me (yrnsiocarena . 112 (9 i la 112 F So Ser nT) Le 113 0 I, ae 113 + Falcolipeurus marginalis —_. eee Giccew. Ligtigobius -__..._______-__. 284 fenestrata, Metatephritis dilatatus, Craspedorrhynchus ___. 40 = flavipectus, Aethopyga —__. me dimidiata, Stigmatogaster -_.. pees 93 Floridobolus penneri — dimidiatum, Himantarium -.......... 92 franzi, Liparis -___----_-____.. dimidiatus, Haplophilus _............ 99 fucata, Archamia shige LAV sa 195. furcata, Scirpearia —______.» Dipodomys ornatus _. _... 273 fusca, Eleotris __ eee discriminans, Scaphiostreptus _.... 278 — fuscomarginata, Myrsidea’ SHeDMsPATCHAINIS 2 31 fusco-marginatus, Menopon - Docophorus agelaii 156 fuscoventralis, Philopterus __. uerRaTaRRASy, 0) cesses —.. 157 fusco- ventralis, eee LL ee eee ees Ta fustiger, Bafa) cel ase 2) STE eee s 157 corvi AEE ae sedi No | rel fusco-ventralis _ «di halieti ____......---.-... 158 | Garmannia chiquita - minuto-trabeculatus _ «158 gemmata Penetariae es «LGB hemigymna eereIpteee ese ai See LSS hildebrandi ol epee OLS homochroma speotyti _. Ae 158 macrodon Dolichonyx eryzivorus | lece Meas eens 159 mediocricula Dorachosa illuminatus —.... = —s237 pallens umbrosus ee ee Pee 8 237 paradoxa dorsalis, Eutamias — —.. : 267 parri dubiaquercus, Antrozous —_. be 83 saucra_ gumex. Zygona —.....__. : 243 schultzi duvernoyi, Cubocricus . Je 12 spes ney peas 2 spilota RIE Foc eS 12 zebrella gemma, Gromia E gemmata, Garmannia gentianoides, Hypericum easti, Peromyscus — : 21 gentilis, Accipiter edulis, Cinara == 201 gentneri, Cinara Lachniella —. 202 geomydis, Geomydoescus Lachnus _. 202 Trichodectes Pinus 199 Geomydoecus geomydis egleri, Abolboda __ 258 Geophilus egleri, Xyris 247 geospizopsis, Passericulus eleagnifolium, Solanum 115 Phrygilus electa, Trypeta — 114 gertschi, Bimindyla Zonosemata 114 giganteus, Bathynomus elegans, Parus 61, 218 globiceps, Siphonophora Stiphodon 191 Glomeridesmus DQAQDOw PpMwPentwonww.wD a mo UI ol - 290 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Gobiosomaparrt (2 284 incanus, Microtus __...............-.-._- 168 Zordanus Nance ms) se seeue ees 139 infuscatus, Lipeurus -____.....-._....._____ 159 Gorgonia elongata _..........._-- 177 Rhynonirmus __ ____-.----------__ 159 Gosendylaiyok os ol eal node 241 inquinatus, Calymmodesmus ___...- 275 SOCAPMIA \\2-88 1 vate tl 242, insititia, Erlacda (?) ____.....- 236 STAMOS ayonoy,N1S yee 250 Wis TOCOKIS eee 236 grandes (\Cinara) 2 ae 224 imnscripta, Agalliopsis _..............._ 63 Srandis)VAbies) (esulees acess ee 225 interrupta, Myrsidea ____.......___________ 160 UlLis ella easel pe Cee en 181 interruptus, Menopon _____...____.._.__- 160 grenadae, Haplophilus _____.__________ 8) sinvolucratas Xoymish) se 248 Stenophilus) 87 isabellae, Parajapyx _.... 261 Stigmatogaster) je es see 89 Ischnorhynchus championi __.- 235 groenlandica, Arenaria _...____________ 246 Gromiaybrunnert (2.2 ae es 195 J focace sto nst panmascesane soc ceceias oases 195 jamaicensis, Buteo __________ deeb a! 40 LINGUA) seccescccecececesspessceecatoscoeins 196) Jamesomyiay Son eee 110 SBSIICRNEIS) occas nc 196 japonicus, Parribacus 148 SIRUEDENOS ES ees or 196») Javobolus\ (0: 150i) amine 131 guadalupensis, Nicella 181 Julus haitiensis Wermucell aii ateniita i oie lu Aina Durem 181 Junceclla i. 62 Se 176 Guamobolus | 2 131. Junco aikeni 5) Josie 162 Rue Tae iaae mare eee a hyemalis oregonus 162 pundlach, Bufo iipeeiesnoe eae 53 K yr aitiea oo cae meyes | Kellogsi, Celpocephalin =a 155 TTICOLOT ae ee SHA EAD Or NS a aMen On 112 kiusa, Cinara ___. ae 226 gyrinoides, Bunaka 191 KXleidocerys championi 235 VireSGens, 0200. ee ee 235 H klinikowskii, Leiocephalus —___________ 77 koopmani, Antrozous BOR sola Ne 84 haematopus, Craspedorrhynchus _.. 40 Kurodaia deignani -----.------------------ 119 haitiensis, Julus) 222 a 9 panel ________------------------------------ 119 Haliaeetus leucocephalus ___________ 43 pectinata 156 halieti, Craspedorrhynchus ____.. 42, 158 Docophorus (a 158 L Maplogastér) 220000 eae 92 lLachniella edulis _............. 202 Haplophilus dimidiatus angustus _.. 99 pacifica))-..2)0 Tike Vee aes 228 PTEMAG Ae) WNL ee Eee EN Le 87°. Gachninae 0b a ee 199 Haploschendyla _______._.-__-_--.-_----- 100 icachnus ‘ater\2) Doe 201 hastatum, Physostomum ___._.._.___.___ 162 CUNVAPES) os el eee 223 hastatuss RIC MUS) 162 S@GLUTLTS | pa al i 202 hatschbachii, Xyris __.....____.-____._ 248 edulis’ tanner) ea 211 hayi, Procambarus _____.._..__________ 123 lasiocarpae eee 226 hedgpethi, Lionyx __._.._....._- 100 occidentalis _.__._.--_---.---------- 228 Hedyle amboinensis _____..-____________ 185 piceae | i WT eee 221 Wie Cre oa Cas Osa DIR SUA 183 terminalisy| o/s ee ee 211 Hedylopsis suecica _______.__________________ 192 VaNnGuzel. fos U2 ee eee 221 helianthea, Culicicapa _......__..___- D5) lagopuss Buteo) eee 43 Miusecicap ay sue iene ONG.) Mlanuginosaly Noyris) 257 Helianthus) \ 2.202 ae 114 #lar, Macrobrachium _._......--.-..- 191 hemigymna, Garmannia _____..__________ 284 lasiocarpa, Abies _.............-- 223 heterogenitalis, Strigiphilus _________ 119 Giada) ii iN oe Se 221 Heterogorgia) nue aes UG/5y) even, IMbtenogi Uo 169 hiaticulae, Quadraceps ____-_..........-.- 161 Leiocephalus astictus __.......__.._. 106 hildebrandi, Garmannia __________.______ 284 Carinatus,, boul OA ee 103 Himantarium dimidiatum __.._.________ 92 Cubensish i) a eee 67 hirsutus, Craspedorrhynchus -____._.._ 40 cubensis cubensis ____-____-____- 103 hirka yi Cinarary ewe ois eae eMank 925 Exotheotus ) ove eure een 106 homochroma, Garmannia ___._.__________ 284 macropus 2 76, 103 hudsonica, Mephitis _._.._._.___________. 162 macropus macropus _....._._- 74 hudsonicus, Tamiasciurus ______..______- 173 TAVICEPS (2) 67 Hydroschendyla submarina _________- 99 raviceps klinikowskii _—_________ 77 hyemalis, Junco ._....--- =... 162 raviceps raviceps __...__________- 74 Hyloctistes subulatus assimilis ________ 2 raviceps uzzelli ____.._-.._-_________- 70 subulatus lemae _......- 1 Slerraes 220204 FA a 106 subulatus subulatus ________________ i Stictigaster) 2.0 eee 74, 103 subulatus virgatus ___........_.__..__ 9) stictigaster lucianus ____..________ 104 Hypericum gentianoides ______._._.....- 246 Vatbatus i) ioe Cs LS i ea 67 lemae, Hyloctistes __......_-_.-..___- 1 I lettias © tsi) 22 ie 119 leucocephalus, Haliaeetus _...____. 43 Ibacus ciliatus ciliatus __........____. 147 leucoptera, Pitta _._.._.-_---_.------ 58 ciliatus pubescens _________________- 147 leucopus, Peromyscus ____._-____-___- 21 Metericay: Sin ae aC ANE Aone Sa EL) fi Mee Mr eas a Se eT 97 idahona, Zantaenia __.____....----____ 240 Ligyrocoris insititia 236 idium, Pachymerium ___...----- 241 MILGICO]LIsi, ewe en ratte 236 illuminatus, Dorachosa ____....--____.. 237 terminalis) ea ie 238 limbaughi, Ellisella __.............__.. Limnometra linearis, Gromia lineatum, Physostomum _ eee lineatus, Buteo — Ricinus lineolata, Archamia Linotaenia maritima Lionyx Linotaenia aT ea. infuscatus PUMA ur a LSS, 2.2 Tring) rs UO) To it» eee franzi newmani eae Sa litterata, Varuna _. longicaudus, longinasus, Bufo lophotus, Procambarus een OPOTOIASINNS,, Microtus peinetchinhe teh lucianus, Leiocephalus _....._.. ___. Oo 2 inh es ludens, Anastrepha pee ee cee Fe 5 loi. ip M. virens ___.. Macrobrachium lar placidulum macrocephalus, Mulcticola macrodon, Sete Tigrigobius macropus, Leiocephalus | ce Meals Malezonotus angustatus marginalis, Falcolipeurus Lipeurus marginatulus, Degeeriella tah oa Picicola marginatus, on re maritima, Linotaenia —__. marmorata, Anguilla martensi, martensii, Scyllarus mauritiana, Nicella maximus, Cubocricus —..............-....- Rhinocricus _ mayri, Culicicapa Mecocerculus uropygialis - mediocricula, Garmannia Meinertophilus ee melasma, Archamia . Menopon alternatum expansum fusco-marginatus interruptus mephitica, Mephitis mephitidis, Neotrichodectes Trichodectes Mephitis mephitica mephitis, Mephitis Mephitis mephitis hudsonica meridionalis, Scyllarus Metaj apyx subterraneus metalica, Cinara Metatephritis fenestrata - Metriocampa Microspirobolus Microtus longicaudus longicaudus alticola longicaudus incanus Scyllarus Meroe: 110, Index longicaudus latus longicaudus mordax Microvelia notophora micrurus, Sicyopterus mima, Xyris minor, Antrozous - Chordeiles - Trinoton : minuta, Aethopyga _ Cinara minuto-trabeculatus, -Doeophorus modestus, Scylarus monophylla, Pinus —_.. montigenus, Parus montis, Damothus moraesii, Xyris mordax, Microtus - Mulcticola macrocephalus —___. wes multiradiatus, Liparis musculus, Thomomys __ Muscicapa helianthea Mylogymnocarena apicata Myrsidea fuscomarginata . interrupta eae N nahuus, Chelogonobolus ____. : Spirobolellus) == ve Spirobolus Nanojapyx -..-- Narceus gordanus Son AVE nasuatis, Trichodectes nearctus, N eocricus eotep Dritisy 22. 2 er ea Neotrichodectes isicaeiy osborny) 2 Pallidus: 22 ee ee ee thoracicus Neritina comes. 2s eo eee pulligera Nesobolus Nesonyx Boris yel es newmani, Liparis | dial WES Nicella guadalupensis ___. mauritiana - 2 nidoensis, Eutamias - nigra, Oidema nigricans, Gromia nilssonii, Xyris Nirmus abruptus marginatus ornatissimus var. xanthocephali orpheus pallidus parallelus picturatus rotundatus secondarius tyrannus nitidicollis, Ligyrocoris nitidula, Cinara nivarius, Phrygilus nodifer, Scyllarides notophora, Microvelia noveboracensis, Peromyscus Nurmus cordatus Nyctunguis O Craspedorrhynchus Xyris Cinara obscurus, obtusiuscula, occidentalis, Lachnus ocellatus, Philopterus Ochotona princeps sores es aR me rotor NUNbw hs Wr Damo 292 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Octolasmis dawsoni ______.__....--.---__-- 95 TG Wied. 2 NOt ee ae Ee 95 oculatus, Strigiphilus ____._._.....______ 157 odoecoilei, Trichodectes ________________- 163 Oedicarena diffusa _______....-_-__--_-_ 112 DETSUAS ae | eel eM 112 PSEAT OPS) lo ll ie A 112 Oidemay nigra. Se ie eee 164 Ophiocara aporos _____------W-s--.-------_- 191 Op vara Ga ea I, Veal len A 69 Oregonus.y))UNco; eee 162 organensis, Xyris _______.__-_____-_._. 250: orientalis, Arctus _- 149 Soy llamis)) eae alee 149 ornatissimus, Nirmus ________.__..._____ 161 ornatus, Dipodomys ______________-_.___- 273 ornatus, Scyllarus ____.___---_-_._-_._.--__ 151 Orpheus carolinensis _________-________- 161 Orpheussy Navmus) eo eee ee 161 Picicolay hull 21 Beh toes NN sene Rien 161 OSoorani,, (Crimean, 2 928 Neotrichodectes _____________--_-__-_ 163 Philopterus _______.__----_--_----- 157 QEUSSVASTON it OG Lin orl ae 157 OUIS HAST Oe Se Ea ABN LRN AU 119 bakkamoena lettia _______.___._______. 119 otus, Strigiphilus ___-._---_-__ 119 Oxy py Ge, Cac UN 2 eee S aM 7 Ozophora ampliata ______-.-----_- 237 P Pachymerium idium ________--_-_------ QAt Pacifica Cinaray ewe 228 Iachniella® con chee ee 228 pacificus, Antrozous _____------------------- 84 painei,) Kurodaiay EE 119 pallens, Garmannia ____---------------------- 284 Tigrigobius 2 a 284 palidulaBruclia) 2 161 Degeeriella, 20 161 pallidus, Amntrozous ------------------------ 83 Neotrichodectes ______-__------------- 163 HFA grab Kp ee Pe 161 palawanensis, Pitta _______________-_------_. 57 palustris, Proserpinaca -___---------------- 246 ‘panayensis, Culicicapa -_------------------ 215 Xantholestes _..-.----.- 21s 216 Paria carat halen iescse aN ge aeeelad 110 paradoxa, Garmannia ______---------------- 284 paradoxum, Acochlidium -_____----------- 183 paradoxuss) scyllarus) 22) eas 151 DALACTISIS) Noy) ee teas es a ee 251 Parajapyx (Grassjapyx) ambiguous 262 shfal] oY cil Pee yp NU ie eID rs Mn ce 261 parallelus, Nirmus ____._------------------ 161 Trichodectes i. 163 Tricholipeurus _____-__--___-_-_---__-- 163 parcus, Rhinocricus ________-___-_-___- 6 Spirobolus)) iscok suas lee 5 parri, Garmannia ___________________-_--- 282 Cobiosoma. |) 222 anes 284 Parribacus antarcticus __________------ 148 caledonicus _________-----------_------- 147 japonicus) oe eee 148 Scarlatinus (2600200 148 Parusmele san sy ss eee 61, 218 elegans bongaoensis _______________-__ 218 elegans montigenus __________________ 61 elegans suluensis ____.______._____. 218 parviceps, Thomomys _____.__---_---__-- 35 Passericulus geospizopsis _____...-.__.. pectinata, Kurodaia ___________________--____. 156 pectinatus, Colpocephalum —__________- 156 PEGE IMIS 11S eee 99 Dedis; Hojapy x nee 261 peltacephalus, Bufo __.....----...-._ 45 peltocephalus, Bufo —____._-_.._____- 45 Penardogromiiay eae ee 196 penneri, Floridobolus _____________________ 137 Perdix americanus ________.-.._------_--_---__ 160 Peromyscus leucopus easti _____________ 21 leucopus leucopus ___.___-_--_--..-_. 21 leucopus noveboracensis __.___-_- 21 persolay,, Pitta 20 Gee ee 58 persuasa, Oedicarena _____..._-.--..__ 112 phaétonus, Docophorus __._._-_________ 158 Saemundssonia ______._____---_---_--- 158 Philopterus agelaii ___._.......-_.-__-_ 157 US COV eEritrallis/s es amen 158 ocellatus osborni ______-..-.--.-__- 157 OSDO VME isa 157 Quis Calis) 2.80 ei ea 158 STALE era A 158 phoebe; |Sayormis) 2.212. 0 nae 142 Phrygilus unicolor geospizopsis -_______- 2, unicolor nivarius ______..__-_.--_._-- 2 Physostomum hastatum ___________________. 162 Line abun) 2.6) c ois is 162 Picea engelmanni _______.-----__---_ 225 piceae,, Lachnus) 2220 ae 221 Picicola marginatulus _______-_.._.._-._._- 161 OFpheus i022 SE ee ea 161 picturata, Briielia 161 picturatus, Nirmus __.....-.------ 161 pilipes) Atyay 20) us a 191 pinata, Cinara) 2). kad eae 200 pani, Apiais) se eo ee 199 pinona: ’@inaray) s.r ee 201 Pinus edulis) 02 eee ae 199 monophylla) 22) a ee 199 piresiana, Xyris 253 Pitta atricapilla rothschildi __________- 58 leucopteéra |) ee Ee 58 persolay 20 Wie ey Ree eee 58 sordida palawanensis _________-_-_- 57 sordida sordida __._______-----_--_____ 57 placidulum, Macrobrachium ___________- 191 Placogorgia a ee ene ee 182 poketa, (Cinara’ 122 2 ee eee 200 politus, Spirobolus ________--__--_---_--- 8 Portals ie ee a 97 princeps, Ochotona _______-___--------------- 173 LAPS!) ei Ae Le oe eee 171 Procambarus acutissimus __-__---------- 123 Ve ye Ie 123 lophotus | 2208 20 aie eanen 123 Proserpinaca palustris __________________- 246 Prosomoeus brunneus ___.__-_-----____- 238 IPS AMINO OLLI ay pee eee 175 pseudotaxifoliae, Cinara ____________ 198 Pseudotsugal) {2 ee eee 198 pseudotsugae, Cinara ___._.._.-____ 198 pubescens, Ibacus -_.____-_-----.--------_-_- 147 puerca | Cinaray oe nee ie anlar een 200 pulchella, Abolboda ___._.-.--..-. 259 pulligera, Neritina ___________-__________ 191 Q Quadraceps hiaticulae boephilus __. 161 quiscali, Docophorus _________-----------_- 158 Philopterts) 2000 25 i SI eee 158 R Rallicola advenus ________.__.-_------__--_--- 158 FAMDO OXVTIS 954 randi, Saxicola ___ gL uh ar = 59 raviceps, Leiocephalus _______-_____--___- 67 regalis.\(Buteo; 22a 43 Teitziis Myris, ee aa 255 rex, Agalliopsig: .-00.2..-02 ee 63 Rhagoletis basiola _________--_---_-___----. 112 Rhagoletoides ____-_-_-__-------------_-------- 114 Rhinocricus beauforti —____---__-----______ 6 duvernoyi) Se 2Gt) eevee as 12 Index 293 ayo) | a a ee 13 sialii, Docophorus __.. cee 158 maximus bartschi ........__. 13 Philopterus _ 158 maximus maximus _.-_.-..-____.. 13 _ siecicola, Contopus 145 WArCns oS a es . 6 Sicyopterus micrurus 191 ofl D Tere 5 a 8 Sicyopus zosterophorum 191 Rhynonirmus infuscatus _.....-... 159 © sierrae, Leiocephalus 106 Rhyparochromus —__-_______________.. 251 sinaloae, Thomomys Sse. gh ee alcaery [3 a a We Siphonophora globiceps —..___ 278 ri Ronit, Contepus — = 2 milax 265 no TAT e ce 142 socarnia, Gosendyla sao. PaaR EAP RAPER EUS 162 sociabilis, Rostrhamus __ eSeh 43 a 1b 1 It) eee He jean Calymmodesmus rea 276 Str. a ie Le ogolabis 2 2) 100: S45 0 284 Solanum eleagnifolium - CNG ey ee ty 5 eee. pee ee eeo an Ee ee ee 191 Solidavowi 2 Ph aA ee 265 ostrhamus sociabilis — ----_._-...___._ 43 ROMA Velita 51 2 ee 57 rotm, Stenophilus —..._-__.-- == 88 sordidulus, Si ts preeer en, 2 ite Fa eee ae Pee alee ee SEE oan Speostriaria ETE UE Sr tes IPS MRR ERPR RTA PTR ENE TUCUN ER 2 shastae gon 42S eee ere 26 eaterrnree virsOus 161 speotyti, Docophorus —.___-...___....._._ 158 Rotundiceps cordatus —________________. 160 Strigiphiliis)) 22 eee so rubrinota, Aethopyga ——--_-____. 60 spes, Garmannia _...____. Wy ae eat 284 0) LT) LONE 200) | Spilota,. Garmannia (Ho 284 Spinipes: /Atya) 28° es es eee 191 S eee us atriculus) 23 See. 137 al alle aa 196 ee ee Soya 134 Saemundssonia phaétona 158 Shae ee Wa (tL Ll Oe PEST EES TCE pe saturatus, Contopus 2S See 146 Spirobolus duvernoyi_ eT or MEME Or PINiavinits ie nL eee ar seats ae SL Saxicola caprata anderseni __________ oe Patitia ce A Sikes 3) 2. RN To subterraneus, Metajapyx ; 261 oy atus ----------.---------------- 152 subulatus, Hyloctistes 1 Sitios Galtcifes — en eR 150 suecica, Hedylopsis — 192 Itrif idi Saag 150 suluensis, Parus 218 CUASECr MerIGionas ——--—. 154 SuPrenans, Cubocricus 12 oe Snerigg ncn 149 Rhinocricus 8 TE 0 ae . 149 dks 0) [ee . 151 orientalis ee 149 taladai, Bufo 51 i. : 151 Tamiasciurus hudsonicus 173 SL (SS eee si eee tanakae, Liparis 17 poe Fm pests iy |. tanneri, Cinara 200 on a : 150 Lachnus 211 timidus ae A 150 taxifoliae, Cinara 198 secondarius, Nirmus 162 Tephritis aurantiaca 109 septentrionalis, Culicicapa 218 Tephritis tricolor 113 setulosa, Cinara 230 terminalis, Cinara 200 — Cinara 231 Lachnus 211 shastae, Speostriaria 26 Ligyrocoris 238 Striaria 25 testudinea, Acrotaenia 107 sheldoni, Thomomys 36 Trypeta 107 shelleyi, Aethopyga 57 tetanops, Oedicarena 112 294 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Alain y lay 228 a a) a Saree de a 99 ithiarage IM RR ne Me ie a ah 191 Thomomys umbrinus atrovarius _____. 35 umbrinus camoae _....._.___-____ 35 umbrinus evexus ____...-.-----. 35 umbrinus musculus _..-_.-__-__- 35 umbrinus parviceps _....__________. 35 umbrinus sheldoni ___.__...-________- 36 umbrinus sinaloae -__.__.-_..--.---_- 35 umbrinus varus ___.....-.-- 35 thoracicus, Neotrichodectes ___._..___ 164 Trichodectes)) 2.0 3 164 hyroproctus 0 eee ey a tibialis, Trichodectes ____._.__-.-._-__-__- 163 Tigrigobius digueti ______._________________ 284 MA CLOG Omi) eae 284 pallens) ul eee! lemon 284 Zebrellay js ees ee ula 284 timidus, Scyllarus _--_---- 150 Tingis (?) virescens ___.....-_---____- 235 PROeplitz ella yuss. ee eee 176 tomentosa, Xyris _____.------ OASST/ aire ella 522. ane A Ne 191 Trichodectes castoris __.__.______--______. 162 SEOMY Cis) se 162 miephitidis;, wi eka ea ee 163 TVAS WA ELS fsa ese g hese ua via 163 odoecoilei i 163 po arralll Shu s Eoin Pai asec eRe pra 163 CHOTACICUS iON Aenea 164 peop Eel by Cuent ne IESE a Set 163 Tricholipeurus parallelus ____..._.. 163 tricolor, Euaresta __...--. 113 Gymnocarena, 22 ee 112 Mephritis))o2 Uist 133 tridentata, Artemisia 111 Trinoton minor ___._-_. EOREIL RG eNO Ee 164 Hyp ATA Say Es URN Da ee ia daa 112 Trypetavielectay Meek Caw ee Pha Oe ay 114 Tes tudimed yeas aa ea 107 tylopus, Allopocockia __........------__.___- 132 Spirobolellus) 2 ee ss 132 typus;a Caridinay Uematsu aay 191 Tyranniscus uropygialis ___.._..______ 2 Tyrannula richardsonii ____.........-.___- 142 tyrannus, Nirmus __..........---..----__. 162 U (Wire ge Belcan SNe iene Ae es 81 umbrinus, Thomomys __...._-__-______- 35 umbrosus, Dorachosa ______-_.----.----_- 237 unicolor, Phrygilus Urelliaiapicatay munis nui ne iii ela 107 uropygialis, Mecocerculus __._-__._...__- 2 AY TATIMIS CUS| uae AN URIEalnialhs 2 utahensiss Gin ara!) ee 223 EGU NG ARNE NS D1 a POM ae 172 uzzelli, Leiocephalus __.._.....-----_--_____ 70 V Vaclllanis iii: CNM ea aR Ie 257 vanduzei, Lachnus 221 Variabilishe Ballo aes eee 237 Varunalglitteratay ise. ta neha suun 191 varus, Thomomys ____....-_------------_-- 35 veliei, Contopus ___.-._-...--------------__. 142, Verrucella guadalupensis __..._...____ 181 Waillo gorge ye ees enna ee Non enna 182 virescens, Acanthia ____.......-_...._.-_____- 235 Cyn 43-2 oe ier 236 Cymodema), =. Sie Sveti ee ee 236 Kleidocerys. 222-220. 235 Mim GAs: ( Pi) see ee he eee 235 virgatus, Hyloctistes __........__._________ 2 virginianus, Bubo __________..-_-___-_--___- 157 vittatus, Leiocephalus ___...._..__-__..___ 67 vittigera, Zonosemata ___...._..-__-___- 114 Zonosema 2 ee ee 112 vociferus, Charadrius ____..__._________ 159 W wahsugae, Cinara __... 197 Wwalowolor, (Cringe 201 weberi, Acochlidium ____.........__ 183 Garidina: 3-2 aA 191 Hedyle... 6.20. ee 183 wilsonianus, Asio ___.....----__..__-____ 157 D.¢ xanthocephali, Briielia ________________. 161 ING us) 22000 ee 161 Xantholestes panayensis _____.__________ 216 XKanthomyia;: 22 ee 110 Xenochaeta aurantiaca ___..____________ 109 Xyris, bahiana, 2 a eee eee 255 Praminosal ice. Ue eee 250 LIV OLU CHa tale sees eee eae 248 lanuginosa /200o uy Jena 257 lucida (222 NE a 254 (Nematopus) archeri ___________ 246 (Nematopus?) egleri _.. ______ Q47 (Nematopus) hatschbachii ___ 248 (Nematopus) mima _______ 250 (Nematopus) moraesii ___________ 251 (Nematopus?) piresiana _____ 253 (Nematopus) ramboi ______..__._- 254 (Nematopus) reitzii _--. 255 (Nematopus?) tomentosa ________ 257 MISS Oya) \\) lo Ea eee eae 252 obtusiuscula —_____-_-_..- 246 organenisis). 2002) 24. Vor ee 250 PAaLAenSis! oss GA ek sae 251 vacillans (i220. oe Ue ee 257 (Xyris) brevifolia 245 BY Yucodesmus) 2.222 eee 276 Z Zantaenjiay 8240 ae 240 idahona) 0.) Cae 240 Zapus princeps chrysogenys __.________ 171 princeps luteus (232) se 172 princeps princeps ____.....__. 172 princeps utahensis ________________- 172 zebrella, Garmannia ____-___________- 284 Aber peo 984 zimmeri, Culicicapa _____._-__----_-____ 218 Zonosemata electa ____--.-----------_------_- 114 wittigeral 220 Oe eee 114 Zonosema vittigera ___.._-----_--______. 112 zosterophorum, Sicyopus —__.----....--- 191 ZV SOMA LN VE a ea 249, duplexiye ne 243 aiaeel if ! Penge oe eer oH a i Geepl “3h ash 3 Seco hea uae Sey _ is Pass ‘vanes ye cs rae oe a ra. ee a aa ey “SN Ra ‘ : am lon pa re me: Hy t i a et oe O Wi HE nL ‘ Fey eras ee a2 See iu an “eh Ba Ve ‘ fides ‘ ey AE ke ot ‘, al yr fee . \ agi (232 s e es gs 14) | £5) eee ; bear Ra : . rg a7 Pas a = Sa cae SEEN ae Se ca The i, COL) ? Wee A A 4 ys fis cd ie y we Cah? x o% oo il | > S ae i _O aay te yy oF Nee ari aina ‘th ue pails ne, i 4 Pon f t wi ¥ = 4 p . \e NS YS tS ! 3x ¥ ’ Hi,