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UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOLUME 77
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UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1931
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ADVERTISEMENT
The scientific publications of the National Museum include two
series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.
The Proceedings, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium
for the publication of original papers, based on the collections
of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in
biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms
and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet
form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organi-
zations and to specialists and others interested in the different
subjects.
The dates at which these separate papers are published are
recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.
The present volume is the seventy-seventh of this series.
The Bulletin, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a
series of separate publications comprising monographs of large
zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasion-
ally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, cata-
logues of type specimens, special collections, and other material of
similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but
a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large
plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear
volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States
National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National
Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical
collections of the Museum.
ALEXANDER WETMORE,
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
Wasuineron,.D. C., Way 5, 1931.
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CONTENTS
Brenper 4 Branois, G. A. (see Nrersrrasz, H. F.)--------_--
Cuirrenven, F. H. New species of North American weevils
of the genus Lixus. No. 2841, pp. 1-26. November 15,
New species: Lixvus albisetiger, L. aspericollis, L. coloradensis, L.
perstriatus, L. acirostris, L. ordinatipennis, L. quadratipunc-
taius, L. crassipunctatus, L. ivae, L. dissimilis, L. tricristatus,
L. planicotlis, L. pervestitus, L. flexipennis, L. buechanani, L.
plucheae, L. capitatus, L. lodingi, L. regularipennis, L. cleo-
noides, L. mephitis, L. elephantutlus.
New varieties: Ligvus sylvius, var. profundus, L. fossus, var. ocel-
latus.
Cocuran, Dorts M. The herpetological collections made by
Dr. Hugh M. Smith in Siam from 1923 to 1929. No. 2834,
pes ya A pril30, 1930 taneid wiiot ers one, mest ise. a
New species: Leiolopisma pranensis.
CusuMaAn, JosepH A., and Ozawa, YosHraxi. A monograph
of foraminiferal family Polymorphinidae recent and fossil.
No: 2829: pp i185.) *Auoust'29 WOs042. 2s sae 2 ee ole wee
New genera: Hoguttulina, Quadrulina, Paleopolymorphina.
New species: Hoguttulina anglica, Guttulina bartschi, G. frankei,
G. hantkeni, G. jarvisi, G. lehneri, G. yamazakii, G. kishinouyi,
G. baileyi, G. schafferi, G. woodsi, G. paalzowi, G. dawsoni, G.
(Sigmoidina) silvestrii, Pyrulina albatrossi, Globulina glacialis,
G. flexa, G. triserialis, Pseudopolymorphina suboblonga, P. atian-
tica, P. phaleropei, P. paucicostata, P. curta, P. dollfussi, P.
jonesi, Polymorphina fornasinii, P. longistriata, P. alleni, P.
schilumbergeri, P. howchini, Sigmomorphina muttalli, S. lam-
arcki, 8S. pearceyi, S. schencki, 8. kotoi, 8S. trinitatensis, S. borne-
mann, S. gallowayi, S. vaughani, 8S. aliceae, Sigmoidella plum-
merae, S. margaretae, Giandulina reussi.
New varieties: Guttulina irregularis, var. nipponensis, G. regina,
var. crassicostata, G. adhaerens, var. cuspidaia, G. laciea, var.
earlandi, Globulina gibba, var. verrucosa, G. g., var. fissicostata,
G. g., var. longitudinalis, G. inaequalis, var. dolifussi, G. %., var.
spinata, G. lacrima, var. ericia, Pseudopolymorphina suboblonga,
var, jugosa, P. rutila, var. parri, P. dolifussi, var. tenuistriata.
New name: Pseudopolymorphina ovalis.
1 Date of publication.
Article
9
18
11
VI PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
Cusuman, R. A. A revision of the North American species
of ichneumon-flies of the genus Odontomerus. No. 2826,
Ppei=1d.: “Webruary 4;.1930 225 ee ee ie
New species: Odontomerus brevicaudus, O. tibialis, O. punctatus,
O. striatus.
Ewine, H. E. The taxonomy and host relationships of the
biting lice of the genus Dennyus and Eureum, including the
description of a new genus, subgenus, and four new species.
No. 2848, pps 1—16., October 15, 1930222201 __ #4_ 24 _ 2 ee
New genus: Hirundoecus.
New subgenus: Ctenodennyus.
New species: Dennyus (Dennyus) richmond, D. (D.) australis,
D. (Ctenodennyus) spiniger, Hirundoecus americanus.
Fisoer, W.S. Notes on the rhinotragine beetles of the family
Cerambycidae, with descriptions of new species. No. 2842,
pp. 1-20... October hS;.1930 taxcek A yes ee
New species: Odontocera triplaris, O. buscki, O. zeteki, O. never-
manni, O. darlingtoni, Acyphoderes rufofemorata, Bromiades
meridionalis, Phygopoda mannii, Tomopterus viitipennis, T.
similis.
FrrepmMann, Hereert. The caudal molt of certain coracii-
form, coliiform, and piciform birds. No. 2830, pp. 1-6.
March 18, 1980222250 22 Gide ee ee cele ee eens ee
Ganan, A. B. Synonymical and descriptive notes on para-
sitic Hymenoptera. No. 2831, pp. 1-12. April 9, 1980 7____
New species: Opius bellus, O. lectoides, Vipio moneilemae, Brachy-
meria nephantidis, Horismenus depressus, Pleurotrepis detri-
mentosus.
Giumorsr, Cuartes W. A nearly complete shell of the extinct
turtle Trachemys sculpta. No. 2833, pp. 1-8. April 8,
On dinosaurian reptiles from the Two Medicine
formation of Montana. No. 2839, pp. 1-39. November 20,
New species: Palaeoscinus rugosidens, Styracosaurus ovatus.
Jupp, Nem Merton. The excavation and repair of Betatakin.
No. 2828) pp. Joi. September?) 1930 2.4.) Sho ae
Matuocu, J. R., and Rouwer, 8. A. New forms of sphecoid
wasps of the genus Didineis Wesmael. No. 2887, pp. 1-7.
October 1227 L950 S20): Sak Se ae eh ee eh esata eee
New species: Didineis latimana, D. dilate.
New variety: Didineis nodosa, var. clypeata.
Mansrietp, WENDELL C. Some peculiar spiral fossil forms
from California and Mexico. No. 2836, pp. 1-38. October
75) Wg I P10) eee pe aT Se eRe Is ete ap
New species: Xenohelia? clarki, X.? mexicana.
VOL. 77
Article
20
19
10
16
14
13
1Date of publication.
CONTENTS
Marswatt, Wititiam B. New land and fresh-water mollusks
from South America. No. 2825, pp. 1-7. January 25,
New species: Bulimulus (Bulimulus) felipponei, Drymaeus har-
ringtoni, Odontostomus (Plagiodontes) teisseirei, O. (Spixia)
chuquisacana, Planorbis paysanduensis, Ampullaria palmeri,
Diplodon yaguaronis, Anodontites palmeri.
Nrmrstrasz, H. F., and Brenner 4 Branpis,G. A. Three new
genera and five new species of parasitic crustacea. No.
Peas loos April 8. 1030 toca ei ee ee
New genera: Faba, Heptalobus. Apocepon.
New species: Faba setosa, F. glabra, Hepialobus paradozus,
Duplorbis ocarina, Apocepon pulcher.
Ozawa YosHiaki (see CusHMAN, JosEPH A.)____---___-____
Pimrce, W. Dwicur. Studies of the North American weevils
belonging to the superfamily Platystomoidea. No. 2840,
pee l=34-> December, 10) wl O30 to 2a) es Se
New subfamilies: Platystominae, Choraginae, Xenorchestinae.
New tribes: Discotenini, Phaenithonini, HKurymycterini, Allan-
drini, Meconemini, Platystomini, Brachytarsini.
New genera: Pseudanthribus, Pseudobrachytarsus, Brachytar-
eoides.
New species: Ormiscus angulatus, O. solidus, Toxotropis simplex,
T. sparsus, T. quadrimaculatus, T. mitchelli, T. victoriensis,
Tropideres barberi, Eurymycter latifascia, H. bicarinatus, #.
tiricarinaius, Allandrus populi, Husphyrus schwarei.
Pricr, EMmMrTr W. Two new species of trematode worms of
the genus Eucotyle from North American birds. No. 2824,
Dla hanuaryy lS. hOS0F io. ee ee ee
New species: Hucotyle hassalii, H. wehri.
Rivey, J. H. Birds from the small islands off the northeast
coast of Dutch Borneo. No. 2835, pp. 1-23. October 21,
Birds collected in inner Mongolia, Kansu, and Chi-
hh by the National Geographic Society’s Central-China
Expedition under the direction of F. R. Wulsin. No. 2838,
pp. 1-30 October.29.- 193042 sk. fk A ee Tes
Rowwer, 8. A. (see Mauiocu, J. R.)---_--__-_--_-_---+-_-----
SHOEMAKER, CLARENCE R. The lysianassid amphipod crus-
taceans of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick
in the United States National Museum. No. 2827, pp. 1-19.
TWIG Wel oe AOS OSE) Sis cal ag cm al a gre ee eye ds
New species: Orchomene depressa, OC. macroserrata.
Vil
Article
1%
12
15
14
1 Date of publication.
ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
New Species oF North AMERICAN WEEVILS OF THE GENUS LIxUS
By EF. H. Chittenden
Facing page
2. New species’ of “Bieiws 220s ae eed Ae ens 26
A MonocraPH OF THE FORAMINIFERAL FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
RECENT AND HOSsIL
By Joseph A. Cushman and Yoshiaki Ozawa
140. Foraminifera of the family Polymorphinidae___________________ 146-185
A NEARLY COMPLETE SHELL oF THE HxTINcT TURTLE TRACHEMYS
SCULPTA
By Charles W. Gilmore
1. Trachemys sculpta. Carapace from above_________-___-_--_________ §
2. Trachemys sculpta. Plastron and carapace from lower side--________ 7
3. Trachemys sculpta. Krom the right sides 2-2 eee eee 8
ON DINOSAURIAN REPTILES FROM THE Two MEDICINE FORMATION OF
MONTANA
By Charles W. Gilmore
1. Hxcavating skeleton of Palaeoscincus rugosidens__.________--_________ 40
Pas TSUN One THMMKRONCHECUIS POOR IIGWIS—— a 40
38. Skull and ramus of Palaeoscincus rugosidens_________-----_----____ 40
4, Sacrumvand teeth of Palacoscinciss. eee ee 40
5. Dermal scutes of Palaeoscincus rugosidens_._______-__---------__-_- 40
6. Dermal spines of Palaeoscincus rugosidens___________-_---__-_--__-- 40
%. Ilium and dermal bones of Palaeoscincus rugosidens________------—_ 40
S2SKelecom COLL O SCT CUS ee eA IS as TR ve LS 40
Ds SEU OL TD af CUO S ANTS ee EN Lc SO 40
LOL TATS OL SCY NE COST US aes eR LE RE DR TO a ee RT ot OER 40
Vir
4. A.
5. A.
6, A.
10. A.
11. A.
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15. A.
16, A.
17. A.
18, A.
ILLUSTRATIONS
THE HWXCAVATION AND REPAIR OF BETATAKIN
By Neil Merton Judd
Facing page
1. Betatakin biends naturally with the walls of its vast cave____--__ ues
2. Map showing the three units of Navajo National Monument________
SRErounduplam of setae kim: Ruins se ee ee
Trail scene in Segi Canyon in August, 1908. B. Approaching
Betatakine Ruinvon March 27, cl Gliese os ee ee ae
Blanketed with snow, camp was a dismal place. B. Waiting for
whatever thercooknmightaprovide: 2s. owi i oe eee ee
The principal house group before excavation, as viewed from room
75. Room 66 stands at the lower right. B. Above rooms 66 and
117, in the right foreground, one notes the seepage zone which
formerly watered diverse vegetation__-_______-__________------
. The door of room 6 and, on the right margin, the convex founda-
tion of room 8. B. Rooms 3-7 and the near-by retaining wall,
asiviewed! fromuthe! root oferoom) 2022220 ee ee
. A smali pole formed a secondary jamb for the door to room 18.
B. The problematical. Unusual door in the southeast corner of
. Room 17 boasts the best preserved wattled wall in Betatakin. At
its top is a fresh patch of adobe mud. 3B. Here is shown the
partly blocked first-story door of room 66 and the shadowed
FATE TO COS TG eC TM tN ae Te ete eA a eb ican
Building stones were salvaged from the talus slope and passed up
for use in wail repairs. B. Room 20, from the southwest, show-
ing, above the workman, a steel plate and anchor rod__________
The northeast wall of court 24, at the left, before restoration.
B. Two-story room 66 and near-by buildings stand at the ex-
AST TN GT TN as I RG at SS Ds US le
Wattled northeast wall of court 28, from the west. B. Navajo
Indian repairing the wattled wall of court 24--________________
Willows, cedar bark, and sand made a new roof for room 381.
B. Room 44, from the west; beyond, the lower seepage zone and
. Repairing the south wall of room 48. View taken from room 47.
B. The northeast wall of court 45 ended in a channel, pecked
TTD NC CTE ea ee a a a ee La
The central house cluster, from room 75. In the middle distance,
two men stand in room 51. B. Blown sand soon settled on the
bared seepage zone above the main cross-cave trail____________-
The northwest wall of rooms 64-85 (which later collapsed) with
beam holes marking the floor level of the seecond-story chamber.
B. Many Betatakin walls were erected upon such shallow,
pecked steps as these, at the southeast end of rooms 101-102____
Platform 58 and room 59 stand above the sloping sites of rooms
57 and 60. B. At the right, new wali rests await reconstruction
EBT. OTT SY GO) AT Ce GA ULNA UI
Reconstructing the northeast wall of room 60. 3B. The partially
restored walls of rooms 56, 57, and 60_-___-__________-________
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73
73
78
78
73
24,
25.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL. 77
Facing page
A. The upper, east house group before excavation. Room 78 shows
prominently in the middle distance. B. Rooms 78-81, after res-
toration. In the right foreground, the repaired west wall of -
TOOTS (CGH CT SAN A EMD TIRES RO ete Sed es Ss Sg Ee
. A. Houses of the northeast group had been demolished by huge
blocks of fallen sandstone as this view, from room 81, plainly
shows. B. In the foreground, the restored walk fronting rooms
78-81; at the lower left, the side walls of rooms 76—77________
A. Massive sandstone slabs had crushed the roof of room 79. B. The
east retaining wall looks down upon rooms 82-85_____________
A. The waitled east wall of room 82 and, beyond, the broken west
masonry of rooms 75-76. B. Pecked grooves and steps on these
bared slopes evidence the former presence of other dwellings__
A. Walls and mealing bins of room 117, restored; above, the principal
cross-cave trail. B. The plastered north shelf and corner bench
in room 55. Viewed from the east___________________________
A. In the foreground, restored room 122; at the upper left, room 73
stands on the old stepped trail. B. For repairing the east house
group, mud was dragged up the slope from court 83___________
The eastern house group occupied two separate terraces and the slope
between. Restored room 117, at the lower left________________
. A. A slender pole formerly provided access to the gallery ledge.
B. In court 10, a ladder replaces steps pecked in the cliff_____
. A. A notched cedar now stands in the north corner of court 13.
B. Ladder and stone steps at the north corner of court 24____
. A. View from court 28, across the south wall of room 39 to rooms
1-3, in the far crevice. B. Wise explorers will indulge a cook’s
whim for gloves and Spanish spurs_________________________
. A. Painted figures on the cliff above rooms 89-90. B. Rooms 86-89,
fromthe morth: end: of ar oor, GO) see re
. Across the canyon from Betatakin is an incipient cave, teo shallow
LOT UML OCCU PAC Ve ee sen I AEE or Wg EN eg ee en
. Metate or mealing stone. Manos, or hand stones, used on metates__
AES A Sea SIN OOEMTMS 1S GOIN es eee see et meen
. Drilled oak board and billets of cottonwood_________-___________
. Cottonwood staves, oak digging sticks, and willow potrests________
. Miscellaneous artifacts of wood --__-_______~__________-_ es
. Drill, wooden awls, spindle shafts, and whorls____________________
. Toothed implements and cord-wrapped sticks____________________
+ BORE Wa WIS “AN Cy SSCL PET See eee eo) AEA UCR NE
Fe ESTUSMES (COLO s WADI Gis CO EU OTA Tee eset a aa os nt ce
. Twilled sandals (1 and 2 show the same specimen, top and bottom
SVL VV.) ici ea FE AE TO ION A gpa BU LN
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ILLUSTRATIONS XI
Some PECULIAR SPIRAL Fossit ForMsS FROM CALIFORNIA AND MmxIco
By Wendell C. Mansfield
Facing page
1. Peculiar spiral fossil forms from California and Mexico__--------__ 4
2. Peculiar spiral fossil form from California______._______----_-_----_- 4
New LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSES FROM SouTtH AMERICA
By William B. Marshall
1-2. New mollusks from South America_______-----~-------_--_-_-_-- 8
Strupies oF THE NortH AMERICAN WEEVILS BELONGING TO THE
SUPERFAMILY PLATYSTOMOIDEA
By W. Dwight Pierce
1p North American Platystomoideas. 22 ee ee 34
Birps FROM THE SMALL ISLANDS OFF THE NORTHEAST COAST OF
DutcH BORNEO
By J. H. Riley
1. Maratua (Moeara Toea) and adjacent islands_____________-___-___ 1
TEXT FIGURES
THE HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MapE By Dr. HucH M. SMITH IN
SIAM FROM 1923 To 1929
By Doris M. Cochran
Page
1. Sphenomorphus helenae. Type. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 67265. From
Nontaburi, Siam. a, top of head; 6, profile view; c, underside of
ek le ee ee ee 17
2. Riopa hughi. Type. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 72275. From Koh Tao, Gulf
of Siam. a, top of head; b, profile; c, underside of head________- 18
8. Leiolopisma eunice. Type. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 72180. From Bang
Suk, near Pak Jong, Siam. a, top of head; 6, profile view; c¢,
UNGeLSide Or Mea de eee eo ee ee RE a ee 18
4, Leiolopisma pranensis. Type. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 75591. From Pran,
Peninsular Siam. @, top of head; b, profile view; c, underside of
head; d; dorsal scales at mid-body__ 2 =!) = ee 19
5. Leiolopisma kohtaoensis. Type. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 72284. From
Koh Tao, Guif of Siam. a, top of head; 0b, profile view; c, under-
GSU (Shs Op Seed SPA Le eS aT hc aa paca cee nC a 21
6. Calliophis hughi. Type. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 72307. From Koh
Tao, Gulf of Siam. a, top of head; b, profile view; c, underside
(Oy High OL SET 0 ae a APN EE Ee IS EE a Ss 37
XII PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 77
A MoNoGRAPH OF THH FORAMINIFERAL FAMILY POLYMOBRPHINIDAR
RECENT AND FOSSIL
By Joseph A. Cushman and Yoshiaki Ozawa
Page
1. Idealized basal views of various genera of the Polymorphinidae to
show the arrangement of chambers. a, Hoguttulina (spiral). 0,
Quadrulina (tetraloculine). d, Paleopolymorphina (spiral-biserial).
e, e', Guitulina; e, clockwise quinqueloculine; e’, contraclockwise
quingueloculine. f, f’, Globulina; f, microspheric form; f’, megalo-
spheric form. g, Pyrulina (quinqueloculine-biserial). h, Glandu-
lina (biserial-uniserial). 4, Pseudopolymorphina (quinqueloculine-
biserial). j, k, Sigmomorphina, Sigmoidella (sigmoidal) ; j, clock-
wise; k, contraclockwise; tl, Polymorphina (biserial) __-__-___-_--~- 10
2. Development and relationships of the genera of the Polymorphinidae.
1,2. Hoguttulina. 3. Quadrulina. 4. Paleopolymorphina. 5. Gut-
tulina. 6,7. Sigmoidella. 8. Sigmomorphinae. 9. Polymorphina.
10,11. Pseudopolymorphina. 12. Globulina. 13. Pyrulina. 14.
CEU eT 1 i os PN RIO ah UL 14
A REVISION OF THE NoRTH AMERICAN SPECIES oF [CHNEUMON-FLIES
OF THE GENUS ODONTOMERUS
By R. A. Cushman
1-4, Details of Odoniomerus. i. Head of: a, vicinus; 6b, mellipes; ec,
canadensis. 2, Hind tarsus of female of: a, mellipes; b, tibialis;
Cc, canadensis. 38, Base of flagellum of: mellipes, a, female, 6,
male; tibialis, c, female, d, male; e, canadensis, female. 4, Dorsal
face of propodeum of: a, canadensis; 6, vicinus________--_-_____- 4
THE Taxonomy AND Host RELATIONSHIPS OF THE Briine Lich
OF THE GENERA DENNYUS AND HUREUM, INCLUDING THE DESCRIP-
TIONS OF A NEw GENUS, SUBGENUS, AND Four NEw SpPeEcixs
By H. H. Ewing
1. Dennyus (Dennyus) richmondi, new species. Dorsal view of head and
| VAC HA OY Gee lo. quer GI 0 gos settee en SUAS SEP UA COR ang CO Pe OY oe +
2. Dennyus (Dennyus) australis, new species. Dorsal view of head and
TOT OETA O TASC OO ENA aU Rep a, a 6
3. Dennyus (Dennyus) dubius (Kellogg). Dorsal view of head and
POLO CIO TARA BG GO ee age eR I SEA RUS UST UR q
4, Dennyus (Cienodennyus) spiniger, new species. Dorsal view of head
AIG OV OCMOPAR,: (DOGO is ie ae ae 10
5. Hureum cimicoides Nitzsch. Dorsal view of head and prothorax,
PRC og EEE SSRN LU 11
6. Hirundoecus americanus, new genus and new species. Dorsal view
of head: ands prothoraxt) GO! 2 = aie es eee 13
%. The prosternal plates of: a, D.(Dennyus) richmondi, new species;
b, D.(Dennyus) australis, new species; ec, D.(Dennyus) dubius
(Kellogg) ; d, D.(Ctienodennyus) spiniger, new species; e, Hureum
cimicoides (Nitzsch); f, Hirundoecus americanus, new species.
(Al Enlarged: SO: titres ye Ven ee 14
1,
2.
10.
11,
ILLUSTRATIONS
A NEARLY COMPLETE SHELL OF THE HxTINCT TURTLE, TRACHEMYS
ScULPTA
By Charles W. Gilmore
Carapace of Trachemys sculpta Hay. Cat. No. 11839, U.S.N.M.
Ne ears lyse = skh Clie en te YSZ a a acl NS
Plastron of Trachemys sculpta Hay. Cat. No. 11839, U.S.N.M.
INGaymon eabiiralrven barat (SUZ ee ees ee
On DINOSAURIAN REPTILES FROM THE Two MEDICINE FORMATION OF
MoNnTANA
By Charles W. Gilmore
. Skull of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No. 11868, U.S.N.M. Poste-
rior view. One-third natural size. Bs. Pt. Proc., basipterygoid
process, of the basisphenoid ; Hct., ectopterygoid ; Ha. oc., exoccipital ;
L. T. F., lateral temporal fenestra; Oc., occipital condyle; P. oc.,
paraoccipital process; Pt., pterygoids; Qu., quadrate; S. oc., supra-
COKE OBES eo a hel eile esi ee LACS RD Naa BN et is jeedayes ©
. Skull of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No. 11868, U.S.N.M.
Interior view. One-third natural size. Bs. Pt. Proc., basipterygoid
processes; Hct., ectopterygoid; Hz. oc., exoccipital; L. T. F., lateral
temporal fenestra; Ma#., maxillary; Nar. Vac., narial vacuity; O,
orbit; Oc, occipital condyle; Pmz., premaxillary; Prv., prevomer ;
Pt., pterygoids; Qu., quadrate; Quj., quadratojugal; Sq., squamosal ;
EXO OXI XT exats: fOr°eranial Nervyess sas 0 ee Les ee ee
. Right ramus of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No. 11868, U.S.N.M.
A, Inner view; B, superior view. Both one-third natural size.
Art., Articular; C., coronoid; S., symphysical border____--_____-_-_
. Maxillary tooth of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No. 11868, U.S.
N.M. Internal view. Two and one-half times natural size_________
. Crown of germ maxillary tooth of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type.
No. 11868, U.S.N.M. Internal view. Two and one-half times nat-
FUL ES ND fate SH. ea ctr EN DSI Le LN Sh LL Tee a
. Atlas and axis of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No. 11868, U.S.
N.M. A, Lateral view; B, posterior view of axis, about one-third
natural size. At., Atlas; Ag@., axis; Ist C. R., first cervical rib____
. Third cervical vertebra of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No.
11868, U.S.N.M. Lateral view. One-third natural size__________
. Kifth ? cervical vertebra of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No.
11868, U.S.N.M. Lateral view. One-third natural size__________
. Seventh ? cervical vertebra of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No.
11868, U.S.N.M. A, Lateral view; B, anterior view. Both figures
OneE-Chind page M ral: SU Cel ese Me A Se ake San SE NE
Anterior dorsal vertebra of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No.
11868, U.S.N.M. A, Lateral view; B, anterior view. Both figures
ONDE WEG CO TN ae AW Webs t SSG Sa ee Re I
Posterior dorsal vertebra, with coossified rib of Palaeoscincus rugo-
sidens. Type. No. 11868, U.S.N.M. Posterior view. About one-fifth
SONEEDY ERT PSU tS A ae ia SA NS NINE Oe
. Third caudal vertebra of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No. 11868,
U.S.N.M. A, Lateral view; B, anterior view. Both figures about
one-third natural SWAG ee See ee eg Dat as YRC tree
XT
Page
3
4
10
10
12
18
13
14
15
16
18
XIV PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
Page
18. Median caudal vertebra of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No.
11868, U.S.N.M. A, Lateral view; B, anterior view; Ch., chevron.
Both figures about one-third natural size______________________ 19
14, Second ? left cervical rib of Palaeoscincus rugosidens. Type. No.
11868, U.S.N.M. Fe
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MAP SHOWING THE THREE UNITS OF NAVAJO NATIONAL MONUMENT
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 3
u. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 4
A. TRAIL SCENE IN SEGI CANYON IN AUGUST, 1908
B. APPROACHING BETATAKIN RUIN ON MARCH 27, 1917
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 5
A. BLANKETED WITH SNOW, CAMP WAS A DISMAL PLACE
B. WAITING FOR WHATEVER THE COOK MIGHT PROVIDE
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 6
A. THE PRINCIPAL HOUSE GROUP BEFORE EXCAVATION, AS VIEWED FROM
ROOM 75. ROOM 66 STANDS AT THE LOWER RIGHT
B. ABOVE ROOMS 66 AND 117, IN THE RIGHT FOREGROUND, ONE NOTES THE
SEEPAGE ZONE WHICH FORMERLY WATERED DIVERSE VEGETATION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 7
A. THE DOOR OF ROOM 6 AND, ON THE RIGHT MARGIN, THE CONVEX FOUNDA-
TION OF ROOM 8
B. ROOMS 3-7 AND THE NEAR-BY RETAINING WALL, AS VIEWED FROM THE
ROOF OF ROOM 20
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 11
A. THE NORTHEAST WALL OF COURT 24, AT THE LEFT, BEFORE
RESTORATION
B. TWO-STORY ROOM 66 AND NEAR-BY BUILDINGS STAND AT THE EXTREME
RIGHT
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 12
A. THE WATTLED NORTHEAST WALL OF COURT 28, FROM THE WEST
B. NAVAJO INDIAN REPAIRING THE WATTLED WALL OF COURT 24
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 13
A. WILLOWS, CEDAR BARK, AND SAND MADE A NEW ROOF FOR ROOM 31
B. ROOM 44, FROM THE WEST; BEYOND, THE LOWER SEEPAGE ZONE AND TRAIL
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 16
A. THE NORTHWEST WALL OF ROOMS 64-65 (WHICH LATER COLLAPSED)
WITH BEAM HOLES MARKING THE FLOOR LEVEL OF THE SECOND-STORY
CHAMBER
B. MANY BETATAKIN WALLS WERE ERECTED UPON SUCH SHALLOW, PECKED
STEPS AS THESE, AT THE SOUTHEAST END OF ROOMS 101-102
79 GNV 09 SNOOY 4O NOILONYISNODaY 09 ANY LG SWOOY 4O SALIS ONIdOIS 3HL
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81 Id G ‘LuV ‘ZZ “1OA ‘SONIGESRD5D04d WN3SSNW TIWNOILVN 'S
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 19
A. THE UPPER, EAST HOUSE GROUP BEFORE EXCAVATION. ROOM 78 SHOWS
PROMINENTLY IN THE MIDDLE DISTANCE
B. ROOMS 78-81, AFTER RESTORATION. IN THE RIGHT FOREGROUND, THE
REPAIRED WEST WALL OF ROOMS 76-77
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 20
A. HOUSES OF THE NORTHEAST GROUP HAD BEEN DEMOLISHED BY HUGE
BLOCKS OF FALLEN SANDSTONE AS THIS VIEW, FROM ROOM 81, PLAINLY
SHOWS
B. IN- THE FOREGROUND, THE RESTORED WALK FRONTING ROOMS 78-81. AT
THE LOWER LEFT, THE SIDE WALLS OF ROOMS 76-77
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 21
A. MASSIVE SANDSTONE SLABS HAD CRUSHED THE ROOF OF ROOM 79
B. THE EAST RETAINING WALL LOOKS DOWN UPON: ROOMS 82-85
SONITISAMG YAHLO AO AONA 9L-GL SWOOY AO
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c2 “1d G LYV ‘LL “IOA ‘SONIGSES9008d WNASNW TNOILVN °S “M1
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 23
A. WALLS AND MEALING BINS OF ROOM 117, RESTORED; ABOVE, THE PRIN-
CIPAL CROSS-CAVE TRAIL
B. THE PLASTERED NORTH SHELF AND CORNER BENCH IN ROOM 55, VIEWED
FROM THE EAST
€8 LUNOD MVHL GAaddaLS G10 AHL NO
WOYN4 3dO1S 3HL dM Ga99vuq svM anNWw SSI EES GINO el ee EI ee aye Rae Ao
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 31
METATE OR MEALING STONE
MANOS, OR HAND STONES, USED ON METATES
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE TEXT
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 32
AXES, MAULS, AND SMOOTHING STONES
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE TEXT.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 33
DRILLED OAK BOARD AND BILLETS OF COTTONWOOD
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE 000.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 34
COTTONWOOD STAVES, OAK DIGGING STICKS, AND WILLOW POTRESTS
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE TEXT.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 35
i MISCELLANEOUS ARTIFACTS OF WOOD
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE TEXT.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77 ART.5 PL. 36
DRILL, WOODEN AWLS, SPINDLE SHAFTS, AND WHORLS
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE TEXT
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS VOL. 77 ART.5 PL. 37
TOOTHED IMPLEMENTS AND CORD-WRAPPED STICKS
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE TEXT.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 38
BONE AWLS AND SCRAPERS
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE TEXT
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS VOL. 77, ART.5 PL. 39
BRUSHES, CORD, AND COTTON RAGS
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE TEXT.
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U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 44
CRADLE—FRONT VIEW
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE 65.
U.S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77 ART.5 PL. 45
CRADLE—BACK VIEW
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE 66.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 5 PL. 46
EARTHENWARE VESSELS
FOR DESCRIPTION SEE TEXT.
A MONOGRAPH OF THE FORAMINIFERAL FAMILY
POLYMORPHINIDAE, RECENT AND FOSSIL
By Josrpu A. Cusuman, of Sharon, Massachusetts
and
Yosuiakr Ozawa,* of the Imperial Uniwersity of Tokyo
INTRODUCTION
The Polymorphinidae, like many other families and groups of
Foraminifera, are in a state of confusion that makes it difficult to
identify species on account of the great number of forms figured under
the same name. Many names have also been given to the same
species. Brady, Parker, and Jones, in 1870, reviewed the subject in
their work, A Monograph of the Genus Polymorphina, and Jones and
Chapman later dealt at some length with the fistulose forms.
We finished, two years ago, a preliminary study of the family intro-
ducing a new classification of the group, based on the relationships as
worked out in a joint study of many species. Some of the results of
this study have been published: An Outline of a Revision of the Poly-
morphinidae,! Some Species of Fossil and Recent Polymorphinidae
Found in Japan, and A Revision of Polymorphinidae.’
Since the completion of the first studies we have both spent some
time in Europe studying collections and collecting and preparing
material, the results of which are embodied in the present paper
after a further six months’ study together of the material brought
together in our combined collections.
We found that the published figures for the most part were not
accurate enough in their details to be reliable in many cases, and except
for a study of the available type specimens the study of our own
abundant material has been the main source of our conclusions.
Nevertheless the type figure and description have been studied in all
* While this paper was in press, notice of the death of Doctor Ozawa in Tokyo on December 29, 1929,
was received. The correction of proof is therefore entirely mine, with the exception of some few notes I
received from Doctor Ozawa after his return to Japan, where he again went over the duplicate manuscript.
It is to be regretted that he was not able also to examine the proofs, for his keen mind would undoubtedly
have found errors that I have probably overlooked.
Through the characteristic generosity of Doctor Ozawa, my collection at Sharon was made the depository
of nearly all the types and slides of all the species and varieties from the various localities. This collection,
which will eventually find its way to the U. S. National Museum, is therefore exceptionally complete for
this family, which occupies considerably more than a thousand slides and many thousands of specimens.—
JosErH A. CUSHMAN.
1 Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 4, 1928, pp. 13-21, pl. 2.
2 Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6, 1929, pp. 63-83, pls. 13-17.
92709—30—1 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
cases, usually with a study of topotype material at the same time.
We have been exceptionally fortunate in having abundant material
from nearly all the important type localities of Europe and elsewhere,
so that the species that we have actually seen from their type localities.
represent a large part of the total number. Many persons and insti-
tutions have supplied us with material, and al! can not be thanked
individually. We have ourselves collected at many of the type locali-
ties. In Vienna, for example, Ozawa washed down more than a
quarter of a ton of clays from the type localities of Baden and Nuss-
dorf, with the result that we have had for study beautiful suites of
specimens of species from these important localities. Of the localities
of England, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Aus-
tria, Hungary, etc., we have also had abundant material. From
Japan, Australia, Fiji, New Guinea, etc., material has been abun-
dantly supplied as well as from northern South Amer'ca, Trinidad,
Mexico, and the United States. Altogether we have studied material
probably from more than a thousand localities, and the number of
mounted specimens totals many thousands. We have had for study
therefore an exceptional collection, and the results of our study,
while not in any sense final, wil! nevertheless have the satisfaction of
being based on abundant material from type localities.
DISTRIBUTION
In the present work it has been found useless to try to check up the
distribution of species from the published records. So many of the
species have been wrongly used and so many of the records are unac-
companied by figures that the resulting confusion can only be
straightened out by an actual study of the existing collections on which
these records were based. Such a study at this time is impossible.
For these reasons we have used the specimens available to us and the
notes made in studies of European collections.
Even with the many thousands of mounted specimens of Poly-
morphinidae that we have, it will be found that the ranges both
geographically and geologically are probably not entirely correct for
some of the species. The distribution of species as we have identified
them was plotted in colors on a world map so that the distribution of
each species as we have identified it might be quickly seen.
The maps show one thing in particular that was already apparent,
from our study of many specimens; that is, that smooth, rather primi-
tive species such as Globulina gibba and Guttulina problema have a very
long geologic history and are widely distributed. On the other hand,
a similar study of the maps of the species of Polymorphina shows that.
they are each restricted to narrow limits both in present oceans and in
the fossil series. In the latter, we are dealing with species of a genus
that is specialized and has developed most of its species in the late
ant.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—_CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 3
Tertiary and in the present seas. Similarly, it will be found that some
of the species of various genera that are highly ornamented or have
very characteristic shapes do not range widely, while smooth forms of
the same genera for the most part have very much greater ranges.
We have recognized this fact, and it is possible in our material to
indicate several groups under a single specific name with more
restricted ranges, but it was found very difficult to show these dif-
ferences so that they would be really of use to the worker in the
group. Some of these forms undoubtedly overlap in their characters,
yet those of given areas or formations may have minor characters
which are distinctive when the specimens themselves are studied.
With the smooth Polymorphinidae, especially in the more primitive
species of Guitulina, the limits of variation are very difficult to defi-
nitely fix, and young stages are also usually perplexing. Forms that
seem distinct in two areas may have connecting forms which bridge
the gaps, and all are placed together. It will probably be possible
with intensive work on restricted areas to definitely fix the limits of
variation in different species much more clearly than can be done
at the present time.
Microspheric and megalospheric forms, even in the same area
or formation, are often considerably different in certain characters,
and when the full characters of the two forms are known in each
species the distribution will probably be restricted.
Some distributions as shown by well-defined species are very in-
teresting. Some of these are already well known from other groups
of the foraminifera. There are, of course, many areas in which there
have developed specialized species, very restricted in their distribution
and characterizing that particular area or horizon. Many such
examples will be found in the species given here, and a few only need
be mentioned: Gutiulina regina with a restricted Australian-East
Indian range, a very striking species difficult to mistake; Polymorphina
advena, Oligocene of the Mint Spring marl of Mississippi; P. alleni
of the Eocene of England; P. burdigalensis, Miocene of Europe;
P. compianata, Miocene of Nussdorf; P. cushmani, lower Eocene,
Midway of Texas; P. frondea, lower Oligocene, Gulf Coastal Plain of
the United States; P. frondiformis, Pliocene of Sutton, England;
P. longistriata, lower Eocene, Thanet beds of Pegwell Bay, England ;
P. parallela, Pliocene of St. Erth, England; P. subrhombica, Eocene
of New Jersey. These are well-characterized species, and their
absence in other regions is due to restricted distribution and not to
being overlooked. Some interesting relationships of rather remote
regions have been noted. That the lower Oligocene of the Gulf
Coastal Plain and the Miocene and living faunas of the Australian
region are closely related has been often mentioned. The Plio-
cene and Recent faunas of the region of Japan and southern
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
California are closely: related, and a number of species are common
to the two areas both fossil and Recent: Guitulina orienialis, Poly-
morphina charlottensis, and others. The Miocene of the Florida
region and that of central Europe have certain species in common.
The Eocene of the Paris Basin and allied areas are related to that
similar age in America and the Miocene of Australia. The Torto-
nian Miocene of central Europe is related to the Pliocene of Italy
and to the Recent fauna of the Mediterranean. Some of the
Oligocene species of Germany are very close to or identical with those
of the Cooper marl, upper Eocene of South Carolina, but not equally
related to those of the Jackson of the Gulf Region.
An interesting relation is that shown between the living fauna of
the Carolina coast and that of the warm area of the Philippines, for
example, not in shallow-water forms but in those of a hundred
fathoms or more.
The fossil fauna of Trinidad has some very peculiar relationships
with those of other regions. Some of the species of the Trinidad
Eocene are much like those now living in the Philippine region, and
in many respects the fauna has an Indo-Pacific relationship.
The Cretaceous faunas of Europe and America, especially of Mexico
and the United States, have much in common. Yet each area in
addition to species in common has certain specialized species of its own.
One of the interesting facts in regard to distribution brought
out in our studies is the peculiar distribution of Globulina. While
the genus was widely distributed in the Cretaceous and early Tertiary,
it is much restricted in later times and in the present oceans.
Globulina gibba, for example, while it is extremely common through
the Miocene, becomes rare in the Pliocene and in the present oceans,
not occurring at all in the Pacific and restricted to the Mediterranean
and the Eastern Atlantic.
CLOCKWISE OR CONTRACLOCKWISE ARRANGEMENT OF
CHAMBERS
In most of the Polymorphinidae the chambers are arranged, at
least in the early stages, in a spiral, quinqueloculine or sigmoid series.
In each of these series there are two different plans of arrangement;
those are clockwise and contraclockwise. In the present paper a
clockwise or contraclockwise arrangement of chambers is used in
the sense of the direction in which each succeeding chamber is
added when a specimen is viewed from the base. In a spiral spe-
cies there is no difficulty in determining the direction of the spiral
series. In those species having either a quinqueloculine or sigmoid
arrangement of the chambers they are separated into two series
for purposes of convenience. Therefore in this case the term clock-
wise or contraclockwise series is based on the direction of the arrange-
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE-—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 5
ment of chambers in each series. Accordingly if a species with
either a quinqueloculine or sigmoid series of chambers has each suc-
ceeding chamber added in a clockwise direction, each of the two series
of chambers is directed contraclockwisely, as is shown by the figure.
The question is whether or not the direction of the spiral, quin-
queloculine or sigmoid arrangement is fixed in the species. As far
as we have examined a great number of specimens of various species,
it is fixed in some species, especially those species of more advanced
genera, such as Sigmomorphina, Sigmoidella, and Polymorphina.
FISTULOSE OUTGROWTHS
One of the most interesting peculiarities of the Polymorphinidae is
the development of irregular fistulose outgrowths, generally covering
the upper part of the test and often extending over the whole surface.
It is interesting to note that the fistulose tubes are often rugose, as 1s
the wall of an extra small chamber. The fistulose forms have been
treated by some writers as constituting collectively a distinct species
or even generic group. Raphanulina, Apiopterina, and Aulostomella
are generic names given to fistulose forms. Brady, Parker, and Jones,
in their monograph of the genus Polymorphina, unite all fistulose
forms and put them in Polymorphina orbignw (Zborzewski), but much
later H. B. Brady found that almost all the common species of the
Polymorphinidae have fistulose varieties, and expressed the opinion
that it appears more natural to assign fistulose modifications to their
respective types, and their true position is that of individuals of
monstrous development. We are of the same opinion as Brady on
these problems, and in the present paper fistulose forms are not
separated even as a variety.
The trouble is with the identification of the fistulose specimens,
because important characters of the species are often concealed
beneath the fistulose outgrowths. Many authors have figured and
named fistulose forms, and in most cases the fistulose part is carefully
drawn, while the body of the test itself is neglected. Therefore it is
very difficult to determine to what species the figured fistulose form
is related.
For example, Raphanulina humboldti has well-developed fistulose
outgrowths, but it is impossible to determine the arrangement of
chambers. Therefore we are compelled to abandon it as a species,
although it is described as early as 1834. Many varietal and specific
names given to the fistulose forms are omitted in the present paper
because of the difficulty in specifically determining them.
ATTACHED FORMS
Attached forms are not common in the family. Most attached
forms are compressed, and the main body of the test resembles some
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 7
particular species. However, in this paper, attached forms are |
separated from the others.
ORNAMENTATION OF WALL
Many species in the family have ornamented varieties. Orna-
mented forms are separated as a variety of smooth forms having the
same characters. When an ornamented form is described earlier than
a smooth form, the smooth form is taken as a variety.
PHYLOGENETIC RELATION OF THE GENERA OF THE
POLY MORPHINIDAE
The closeness of the relationship between the Polymorphinidae and
the Lagenidae is very marked. ‘The wall is similar and especially the
terminal radiate aperture. However, the arrangement of chambers
is very different from anything seen in the Lagenidae. It is spiral,
triloculine, quinqueloculine, or sigmoidal, and in some advanced
groups it becomes biserial or uniserial. The most important problem
to make clear is how the spiral arrangement of chambers is derived
and what the relationship is between various genera with different
arrangements of chambers. That is the phylogenetic problem of the
Polymorphinidae.
In order to study the phylogenetic relations of various genera of the
Polymorphinidae, the detailed examination of the arrangement of
chambers of any species is of utmost importance as in other groups of
the foraminifera. Excepting d’Orbigny, who gives end views of his
earliest species of the family in his Tableaux Methodique, no one has
figured end views showing an arrangement of chambers of any species
of the Polymorphinidae.
This circumstance caused great difficulties in identification. Some
authors considered that the arrangement of chambers of Guttulina is
irregular or triserial, but we have examined very many species of
Guitulhna and have not seen a single specimen having either an
uregular or triserial arrangement of chambers. We are convinced
that the arrangement of chambers in the Polymorphinidae is very
regular and that the family can be divided into several genera accord-
ing to the various arrangements of chambers as in other families of
Foraminifera.
In order to discuss the relationships of various arrangements of
chambers, it is of interest to study some typical species of various
eroups according to their geologic distribution. The geologically
oldest species of the Polymorphinidae hitherto recorded are Polymor-
phina avia and P. abavia, both described by Ehrenberg from the
Ordovician of the neighborhood of Leningrad. ‘These two species are
ageregations of glauconite, and there are some doubts about their
: a
organic origin. rf
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA re
Chapman described two species of Polymorphina, P. seminis, and P.
archaica from the Middle Devonian of Eifel in Germany. They
resemble Globulina in their general outline. From the phylogenetic
consideration of the family, we doubt if they be true Globulina. No
other authors have noted the occurrence of the Polymorphinidae in
the Paleozoic rocks.
In the Mesozoic the Polymorphinidae became gradually frequent
although most Triassic species are doubtful. Gutiulina (?) rarbliana,
described by Giimbel from the Upper Triassic of Austria, judged from
the figure, surely belongs to the Polymorphinidae. It resembles
Gutiulina, but the chambers seem to be arranged in a spiral series, as
in many of the more primitive Jurassic species.
With the beginning of the Jurassic the Polymorphinidae are of
rather frequent occurrence, and more than 50 species are recorded from
various Jurassic deposits in Kurope. Some of them are identified
with Tertiary or Recent species, such as P. burdigalensis, P. compressa
etc., but most of them are known only from the Jurassic. Terquem
described most of the Jurassic species from the Oolite and the Lias in
France. These Jurassic species are very important for a study of
the earlier forms of the Polymorphinidae and its relationships with
the Lagenidae. ‘Terquem’s figures are probably not drawn well, and
no end view showing the arrangement of chambers is given. Ozawa
tried to examine Terquem’s original specimens in Paris, but it was
almost impossible because they are not in good order. Therefore the
following discussion of the arrangement of chambers of Jurassic
species is according to Terquem’s figures with the aid obtained from
a study of our Jurassic specimens found in England.
Among Terquem’s species, Polymorphina bilocularis is a two-
chambered fusiform species and is very similar to Vaginulina, but the
second chamber more or less deviates from the coiled position of
Vaginulina, and is in a spiral position.
Schwager’s Globulina secale (1865), in its external appearance, is
almost identical with P. bilocularis (1864), but it has numerous cham-
bers, most of which are entirely embraced by the last two chambers
and are not visible from the exterior. From Schwager’s description
and figures alone it is almost impossible to determine whether or not
the species really belongs to the Polymorphinidae.
Polymorphina intorta Terquem, P. nitidiuscula Terquem, and
P. obliqua Terquem, judging from their figures, may represent inter-
mediate stages between coiled Vaginulina and spiral Polymorphini-
dae. Their successive chambers are added in planes less than
90° apart from one another. P. sacculus Terquem is a rather inter-
esting species, having three chambers, arranged evidently in a spiral
series. Terquem’s species Polymorphina triloba, P. breoni, P. poly-
gona, P. ovula, and P. avena have more than two chambers arranged
§ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
in a spiral series, and each succeeding chamber is removed very much
farther from the base. Among them, P. polygona is the most inter-
esting, and Terquem put several forms with very different appear-
ances in this species, some three chambered and compressed, the
others with an early stage similar to P. sacculus. We have a specimen
from the Kimmeridge clay in England which is very similar to
Terquem’s first and second figures of P. polygona, and we have
identified it with Terquem’s species; and it is described in the present
paper. In a certain position in side view the specimen is very much
like an elongated Guttulina, but the chambers are arranged in a spiral
series instead of a quinqueloculine one.
Terquem’s species Polymorphina distincta, P. amygdala, and P.
pyriformis are very similar to P. polygona in their arrangement of
chambers.
From such spiral species are derived elongated forms such as
P. mutabilis (ummutabilis) Schwager, P. pyriformis Terquem, P.
puprformis Terquem, P. ovigera Terquem, P. quadrata Terquem,
and P. distincta Terquem. In these species chambers are arranged
in a spiral, and each succeeding chamber is removed much farther
from the base, giving to the test an appearance of having a somewhat
uniserial or biserial arrangement of chambers.
In such species as Polymorphina cruciata Terquem, P. lagenalis
Terquem, and probably P. squammata Terquem, and P. angustata
Terquem, the chambers are added in planes 90° apart from one
another, and accordingly they are tetraserial. P. irregularis Ter-
quem may represent an intermediate form between such tetraserial
forms and the spiral species above referred to. Two such tetraserial
forms are reported by Chapman from the Lower Greensand in
England (Littleton, Bargate Bed of Surrey). They are Polymor-
phina rhabdogonioides and P. frondicularioides, both of which are
figured on Plate 1 of this paper. Chapman added in the description
that he thinks that they may represent a new genus or subgenus.
Polymorphina imbricata Terquem is a cylindrical form with cham-
bers seemingly arranged in a biserial series, but we doubt if it is a
truly biserial species.
One of the most important groups among the Jurassic Polymor-
phinidae is that having globular or fusiform species with the sutures
not depressed and chambers arranged in a nearly triserial spiral
series. In this group are included Polymorphina hassica Strickland,
P. fontinensis Terquem, Globulina laevis Schwager, Guttulina similis
Terquem and Berthelin, and several others. The globular species
such as P. fontinensis and Guttulina similis are few chambered forms,
and in their general outline they are very similar to Cretaceous and
Tertiary Globulinas such as Globulina lacrima and G. gibba. But if
we examine in detail figures of Jurassic globular forms, we can easily
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—_CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 9
recognize the striking difference in arrangement of chambers between
Jurassic globular Polymorphinidae and Cretaceous and Tertiary
Globulina. For example, we may note Globulina laevis Schwager
from the Lower Oxfordian ? and Polymorphina gibbosa Terquem from
the Fuller’s Earth. They are oval forms, having a few chambers
which are arranged in a quite different series from the arrangement
of chambers in Globulina gibba. In both species each succeeding
chamber apparently becomes smaller and smaller, and the chambers
are arranged in a spiral series. Such globular, spiral forms are
evidently derived from other primitive Jurassic spiral forms by
having more overlapping and somewhat regularly triserial chambers.
The fusiform P. liassica is also similar to species of Cretaceous and
Tertiary fusiform Globulinas such as Globulina prisca and G. minuta
in its general outline, and it is apparently impossible to separate
them. However, it may be considered that there are probably some
globular or fusiform Polymorphinidae in the Jurassic and Cretaceous
derived directly from the primitive spiral group.
There is only one species of the Polymorphinidae described from
the Jurassic which may be placed under Guttulina with some doubt.
That is an ovate, somewhat compressed Polymorphina pygmaea
Schwager reported from the lower Oxfordian in Germany. It is
quite different from any of the other hitherto known Jurassic species
and somewhat resembles Guttulina lactea, but the chambers are
arranged in a clockwise series. The biserial species appear also to be
rare. Excepting for very doubtful P. imbricata, already noted,
Polymorphina sinuata Terquem is the only species having a compressed
test and biserial chambers. It evidently differs from more advanced
biserial Pseudopolymorphina and Polymorphina which are derived
from Guttulina and Sigmomorphina, respectively. It may be derived
directly from some Jurassic spiral group. Some Cretaceous biserial
species such as Polymorphina pleurostomelloides and P. gaultina are
undoubtedly related to Jurassic biserial forms.
There are some ambiguous species described from the Jurassic,
such as P. annulata, P. oviformis, and P. septata, etc. They are —
either doubtful Polymorphinidae or abnormal species. Spiral and
tetraloculine Polymorphinidae seem to have disappeared in the Lower
Cretaceous. We have a spiral species from the Gault in England
which is new. The two tetraloculine species described by Chapman
are also from England.
These primitive Polymorphinidae are replaced by the more
advanced Guttulina, which becomes rather common in both Lower and
Upper Cretaceous, as do Pyrulina and Globulina as well. Guttulina
having the elongate quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers may
3 Jahresh. Ver. vat. Nat. Wiirtt., vol. 21, 1865, pl. 7, fig. 7.
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
be taken as an original stock from which various Tertiary and Recent
specialized genera having different arrangements of chambers arose.
90° 444° 444°£— £180° 480°
FIGURE 1.—IDEALIZED BASAL VIEWS OF VARIOUS GENERA OF THE POLYMORPHINIDAE TO SHOW THE
ARRANGEMENT OF CHAMBERS. @. EOGUTTULINA (SPIRAL). 6. QUADRULINA (TETRALOCULINE). d.
PALEOPOLYMORPHINA (SPIRAL-BISERIAL). ¢, e’. GUTTULINA; €, CLOCKWISE QUINQUELOCULINE; ¢’,
CONTRACLOCK WISE QUINQUELOCULINE. f,f’. GLOBULINA; f, MICROSPHERIC FORM; f’, MEGALOSPHERIC
FORM. g. PYRULINA (QUINQUELOCULINE-BISERIAL). h. GLANDULINA (BISERIAL-UNISERIAL). i.
PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA (QUINQUELOCULINE-BISERIAL). j, k. SIGMOMORPHINA, SIGMOIDELLA (SIG-
MOIDAL); j, CLOCKWISE; k, CONTRACLOCKWISE. 1. POLYMORPHINA (BISERIAL)
Guttulina is characterized by a quinqueloculine arrangement of
chambers, and each succeeding chamber is added upwardly, so that
all apertures are directed toward one end. Its chambers are added
in planes 144° apart from one another.
ant.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA I1
Globulina has apparently triserial chambers. However, the actual
arrangement is not triserial but somewhat quinqueloculine. The
apparent triserial series of chambers has resulted from much over-
lapping of the chambers as shown by the text figures.
Pyrulina is an elongate or fusiform genus, in which the chambers
are typically quinqueloculine in the early stage, later becoming biserial.
As is already noted, it is very difficult to separate some Tertiary and
Recent species of Globulina and Pyrulina from some Jurassic globu-
lar or fusiform species because of their homeomorphy or parallel
evolution.
Pyrulina and Globulina are abundant in the Upper Cretaceous,
Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene. In the Pliocene and Recent, they
are of rather rare occurrence compared with other genera.
Glandulina, as far as its genotype species Glandulina laevigata is
concerned, is closely related to Pyrulina and should be included in the
Polymorphinidae. The microspheric form of Glandulina laevigata has
the early chambers invariably arranged in a biserial series, although
in the later stage and also in the megalospheric form the septa are
almost horizontal and parallel.
In the Upper Cretaceous Pseudopolymorphina is introduced. It
has a test with the early chambers arranged in a quinqueloculine
series, while the later ones become biserial and the chambers are
slichtly overlapping.
Much more advanced genera such as Sigmomorphina, Sigmordella,
and Polymorphina appear for the first time with the beginning of the
Tertiary. Sigmoidina is a group having a quinqueloculine arrange-
ment of chambers as in Guttulina, but each succeeding chamber
extends down to the base and embraces the earlier ones, so that but
a few chambers are visible from the exterior.
Sigmoidella is undoubtedly related to Sigmoidina, and the chambers
are involute, but they are arranged in an open sigmoid series.
Sigmomorphina arose from Guttulina s. str. by developing elongated
chambers added laterally in a sigmoid series. In some elongated
Sigmomorphina each succeeding chamber in the later stage is removed
much farther from the base. Sigmomorpha, the genctype species of
which is S. sadoensis, is included in Guttulina, after the detailed exam-
ination of numerous species, although some specimens show a more
or less sigmoid arrangement of chambers.
Polymorphina is the most advanced and specialized genus. The
primitive forms have a sigmoid arrangement of chambers in their
early stages, but the advanced species are entirely biserial, and each
succeeding chamber is farther removed from the base.
Dimorphina tuberosa seems to us to be a very doubtful species.
Ozawa found that the original specimen has been lost, and the figures
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
of the species given by Fornasini are evidently a Marginulina.t Two
species of Dimorphina described from the Vienna Basin by d’Orbigny.
are also Marginulina with coiled chambers in their early stage.
Therefore Dimorphina is a very uncertain genus. We have a few
specimens having the early chambers arranged in a quinqueloculine
or somewhat triloculine series, later becoming uniserial. Such forms
correspond somewhat with the supposed Dimorphina, but provi-
sionally we have included them in Pseudopolymorphina, from which
they are undoubtedly derived by adding chambers in a_uniserial
arrangement.
Dimorphina compacta described by H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones
from the Crag of Sutton is an arcuate species resembling Marginulina.
It does not belong to the Polymorphinidae.
In the following is summarized the evolution of the Polymor-
phinidae from the standpoint of the changes in arrangement of the
chambers.
1. Some doubtful species of the Polymorphinidae are recorded from
the Palaeozoic as far back as the Ordovician, but undisputed species
belonging to the family are known only from the Triassic and later
formations.
2. The Polymorphinidae are undoubtedly derived from some coiled
form of the Lagenidae such as Marginulina or Vaginulina by intro-
ducing a spiral arrangement of chambers. The family may be divided
into the following groups based on the differences in the arrangement
of the chambers:
a. Chambers arranged in a spiral series added in planes less than 90° apart
from one another, each succeeding chamber removed farther from the base.
Koguttulina.
This group is the most primitive among the Polymorphinidae and is known
from the Triassic, Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous of Europe. Provisionally we
include in the group those forms having the spiral chambers added in planes
more than 90° but less than 144° apart from one another.
b. Chambers added in planes 90° apart from one another, that is, arranged in a
tetraloculine series at least in the later stage________._____________ Quadrulina.
This group is also known only from the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of
Europe.
c. Chambers added in planes 120° apart from one another, that is, arranged in
a spirally triloculine series. Chambers more or less overlapping, giving the test
a globular or fusiform appearance. This group should be studied in detail. At
present we include the group in Hoguttulina because of its spiral arrangement of
chambers.
d. Test with the early chambers spiral, later ones becoming biserial.
Paleopolymorphina.
e. Chambers more or less elongated, added in planes 144° apart from one
another, that is, the chambers arranged in a quinqueloculine series. This group
is subdivided into two divisions—one, Guttulina s. str. in which each succeeding
chamber is removed farther from the base; the other, Sigmotdina, in which
normally each succeeding chamber entirely embraces the earlier ones of its series.
4 Mem. Accad. Sei. Istit. Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 8, 1900, p. 35, fig. 39.
ant,6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—-CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 13
A quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers seems to be rather stable in the
family, as Guttulina is known from the Jurassic (?) and is rather common in
the Cretaceous, especially in the Upper Cretaceous, and very abundant in various
Tertiary deposits as well as Recent forms throughout the world.
jf. Chambers, in the early stage of the microspheric form, arranged in a quin-
queloculine series, later much overlapping, becoming apparently triserial, that is,
chambers added in planes more than 144° and less than 180° apart from one
EET GLOVE NE 5 yas eS EN So EU SN Globulina.
g. Chambers invariably more or less elongated and embracing, arranged at
first in a somewhat cuinqueloculine series, later becoming biserial_____ Pyrulina.
h. Early chambers added in a quinqueloculine or biserial manner, later ones
HECOMMMEMUMISe TTA wie ee ND ST) say Ny aay Sa Glandulina.
This group is of rather rare occurrence in the older Tertiary, but common from
the Miocene to the Recent.
2. Early chambers in a quinqueloculine series, later each succeeding chamber
farther removed from the base, becoming biserial and in some cases uniserial.
Pseudopolymorphina.
The supposed Dimorphina is provisionally included in the present group.
Pseudopolymorphina occurs in the Cretaceous, but not as commonly as in the
Tertiary and Recent.
j. Test at least in the adult with the chambers added in planes slightly less
than 180° and more than 144° apart from one another, each succeeding chamker
fariwernmnemoved fromthe pasela. sa... 200 ee le ee Sigmomorphina.
This group is derived from Guttulina and is known only from the Tertiary
and Recent.
k. Chambers arranged as those of the preceding group, but each succeeding
chamber embracing the earlier ones of its series. It is derived from Sigmoidina
and is known from the Tertiary as well as Recent________________ Sigmoidella.
l. Test with the early chambers arranged in a sigmoid series becoming biserial
or entirely biserial from the start. This is the most advanced group among the
Polymorphinidae and the chambers are added in planes 180° apart from one
another. It is only known from the Tertiary and Recent. It must be kept in
mind that even though it may be made up of an entirely biserial series of cham-
bers the test has an appearance of a slightly sigmoid arrangement of the chambers
continuing the shape of its ancestral development______________ Polymorphina.
BRIEF NOTES ON VARIOUS GENERIC NAMES GIVEN TO THE
POLY MORPHINIDAE
There are not so many generic names given to various groups of
the Polymorphinidae. De Montfort’s three genera, Arethusa, Misi-
lus, and Cantharus, are so very rough and ill drawn that they are
recognized with difficulty as belonging to the Polymorphinidae, not-
withstanding evidence of their having been copied from Soldani’s
plates. Arethusa is given to the figure copied from Soldani’s figure n n
(misprinted L L by de Montfort) in Plate 107, and Misilus is con-
sidered by Parker and Jones to be used for a globular fistulose form.
While Cantharus (seventy-fifth genus) is a very inaccurate copy of
Soldani (Testaceogr. pl. 107, fig. rr, misprinted p p by de Montfort),
Parker and Jones compared Soldani’s figure with ‘Polymorphina
lactea.’
14
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
FIGURE 2.—DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE GENERA OF THE POLYMORPHINIDAE.
1, 2. EOGUTTULINA. 3. QUADRULINA. 4. PALEOPOLYMORPHINA. 5. GUTTULINA. 6, 7.
SIGMOIDELLA. 8. SIGMOMORPHINA. 9. POLYMORPHINA. 10, 11. PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA.
12. GLOBULINA. 13. PYRULINA. 14. GQLANDULINA
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 15
Arethusa was used by Fleming, Bowditch, and Thorpe, but the
other two genera were abandoned for along time. At present no one
uses any of Montfort’s three generic names because of their poor
and rough illustrations. To the fistulose forms three different
generic names were given. Those are Zborzewski’s Raphanulina and
Apiopterina and Alth’s Aulostomella, which are included in Globulina,
as far as the species under those genera are concerned.
Psecadium is said to have been used by Reuss in manuscript, but
it was used for the first time by Neugeboren in 1856. Its first species,
P. simplex, is a Marginulina. Reuss’s Psecadium acuminatum given
to Schlicht’s figures ® undoubtedly belongs to the Polymorphinidae
and is considered by us as a synonym of Glandulina.
Von Schlicht’s Rostrolina is considered by Brady, Parker, and
Jones to be placed under Polymorphina, but as is already discussed
by Silvestri, most of its species belong to the Ellipsoidinidae, and
the first species of Rostrolina, according to A. Silvestri, is Hllipso-
pleurostomella rostrata. The first species of Atractolina is named by
Reuss Psecadium acuminatum.
Pyrulinella is given to a fusiform group having a biserial stage,
but its genotype species, Polymorphina lanceolata Reuss, very doubt-
fully belongs to the Polymorphinidae, and it resembles Virgulina,
and accordingly the name is dropped and the fusiform group having
a biserial stage is placed under Pyrulina.
Dimorphina is an ambiguous genus, although it has been used
since d’Orbigny established it. D’Orbigny’s species, Dimorphina
tuberosa, considered from Fornasini’s figure, is a Marginulina.
Most species hitherto described under Dimorphina can be placed
in other genera.
SPECIES DESCRIBED AS BELONGING TO THE POLYMORPHINIDAE
BUT NOT ACTUALLY POLYMORPHINIDAE
There are many species which are described under the Polymor-
phinidae but actually do not belong to the family. D’Orbigny’s
Polymorphina acuia and P. digitalis, both described from the Vienna
Basin, have been recognized by later authors as good species but
they are Virgulina (original and paratype specimens examined by
Ozawa). Reuss’s P. lanceolata is used often by later authors, but
the first figured specimen appears to belong to Virgulina.
Costa from 1856 to 1864 described fifteen species of the Polymor-
phinidae. There are two under Polymorphina, seven under Guttulina,
five under Globulina, and one under Aulostomella. His Polymor-
phana is Virgulina, his Guttulina and Globulina are mostly Bulimina,
5 Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pl. 25, figs. 1-10.
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
and one Aulostomella (A. dorsigera) appears to belong to the Polymor-
phinidae.
Ehrenberg described very many species of Polymorphina which
were examined by us at the Museum of Natural History in Berlin,
but most of them are mounted in Canada Balsam, and it is very diffi-
cult to determine them. Ehrenberg placed under Polymorphina
various biserial forms such as Virgulina and Bolivina, but there are
none of his species which can be considered with confidence to belong -
to the Polymorphinidae. Therefore we omitted his species.
Miller’s three species of Polymorphina are apparently glauconitic
nodules with cracks and not recognizable. Polymorphina complexa
Sidebottom from the Kerimba Archipelago has the same arrangement
of chambers as Gutiulina, but it has pores along the suture lines, and
the aperture is quite different from any genus of the family. It
may be a new genus belonging to some other family.
Silvestri described one new species and two new varieties from the
Pliocene at Coroncina. His Polymorphina pliocaena and its variety
tricostata are evidently young specimens of Robulus. P. oblonga
var. fistulosa is a fistulose Guttulina.
There are still many doubtful species of the family which are not
treated in the present paper: as, d’Orbigny’s Polymorphina irregu-
laris (1839), P. rochefortiana, and many others.
Genus EOGUTTULINA Cushman and Ozawa, new genus
Test with the chambers arranged in a spiral series added in planes
less than 90° apart from one another, each succeeding chamber
removed farther from the base.
Genotype.— Eoguttulina Anglica.
EOGUTTULINA ANGLICA Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 1, figures 3 a—c
Test elongated, more or less cylindrical, the greatest breadth in
the upper half, obtuse at the base, acuminate toward the apertural
end; chambers somewhat longer than broad, inflated, not much em-
bracing, arranged in a spiral series, each succeeding chamber much
farther removed from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall
smooth; aperture radiate.
Length 0.65 mm.; breadth 0.28 mm.
Holotype.—(Cushman Coll. No. 10990.) From Cretaceous, Cam-
bridge Greensand, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England.
In a certain position in side view, Hoguttulina anglica resembles
some elongated forms of Guttulina. Each succeeding chamber is
removed farther from the base, as in an elongated Guttulina, but
the chambers are arranged in a spiral series and not quinqueloculine.
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—_CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 17
EOGUTTULINA LIASSICA (Strickland)
Plate 1, figures 2 a—c
'Polymorphina liassica STRICKLAND, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 2, 1846,
p. 380, fig. 6 (in text).
Polymorphina metensis TERQUEM, Quatr. Mem. Foram. Lias, 1864, p. 301,
pl. 13, figs. 38a,o—TerrQuEM and BerrHEeLtiIn, Mém. Soc. Géol.
France, sér. 2, vol. 10, pt. 3, 1875, p. 68, pl. 6, figs. la-j.
Globulina laevis ScHwaGER, Wurttemberg, Naturwiss. Jahreshefte, vol. 21,
1865, p. 137, pl. 7, figs. 5, 25.
Test elongated fusiform; chambers few, elongated, embracing,
arranged in a triserially spiral series, each succeeding chamber
removed farther from the base; sutures not depressed, distinct;
wall smooth; aperture radiate.
Length 0.35 mm.; breadth 0.15 mm.
The present species was described by Strickland from the Liassic
formation at Wainlode Cliff, Gloucestershire, England. We have a
single specimen from the Liassic in Gloucestershire which is very
similar to Strickland’s species in general aspect. The only difference
is that our specimen is slightly more slender.
In general outline it is very similar to the Cretaceous Globulina
prisca, and it is almost impossible to separate them at a glance. The
arrangement of chambers is seemingly different, that of the present
species being spiral from the first chamber, while in that of Globulina
prisca the first chambers are completely surrounded by the following
ones. This may be a primitive form of an elongated Globulina, but
for the present, we prefer to place it in Hoguttulina.
Polymorphina metensis described by Terquem from the Middle Lias
of Saint-Julien-les-Metz and also by him with Berthelin from the
Lower Lias of d’Essey-les-Nancy seems to be very close to the present
species, although its chambers are much more embracing.
Globulina laevis from the Jurassic in Germany has a smail (0.3 mm.
in length) fusiform, slightly compressed test, and in its general fea-
tures it is very similar to the present species.
Polymorphina oolithica from the Jurassic of Conflans and Fontenoy
resembles the present species in general outline, but it is compressed.
It may be different from the present species.
Distribution.—All the records of this species are from the Jurassic.
EOQGUTTULINA POLYGONA (Terquem)
Plate 1, figures 1 a—c
Polymorphina polygona TERQUEM, Quatr. Mém. Foram. Lias, 1864, p. 305,
pl. 14, figs. 16-20, 21-41(?).
Test somewhat compressed, elongated, acute toward the apertural
end; chambers longer than wide, more or less triangularly compressed,
arranged in a spiral series, each succeeding chamber farther removed
92709—30——2
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 77
from the base; sutures depressed, rather distinct; wall smooth;
aperture radiate.
Length 0.33 mm.; breadth 0.12 mm.
We have one specimen from the Kimmeridge Clay in England
which is very similar to Terquem’s figures of few chambered specimens.
Terquem’s Figures 16-20 appear to be very similar and may be
included in the present species, but as to the others, it is doubtful
whether or not they are the same as the present species.
Distribution.—Terquem reported it from the lower Lias at Beauveau
and Auline in France.
Genus QUADRULINA Cushman and Ozawa, new genus
Test with the chambers added in planes 90° apart from one another,
that is, arranged in a tetraloculine series, at least in the later stage.
Genotype.—Quadrulina rhabdogomoides.
QUADRULINA RHABDOGONIOIDES (Chapman)
Plate 1, figures 4 a, b
Polymorphina rhabdogonioides CHAPMAN, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 50,
1894, p. 716, pl. 34, figs. 12 a, b.
“Test subpyramidal and quadrifacial; bluntly pointed at the base
and rapidly increasing in width toward the oral extremity. The test
is smooth and consists of a Polymorphine series of chambers (slightly
twisted as regards the commencement), the margins of which are
deeply sunken, and the chambers themselves, numbering about five
to seven on each face of the test, well inflated, especially in the case
of the more or less central one visible on each face. The terminal
chamber is large and embracing, subquadrangular in section, but not
regular. The aperture is circular and with margin pectinate.
‘“‘Leneth one-seventieth inch (0.36 mm.); width diagonally one |
one hundred and tenth inch (0.23 mm.).
‘““The foregoing species is probably a dimorphous form, combining
Polymorphina with Rhabdogonium, and in the event of other varieties
becoming known it may be found necessary to form a distinct genus
for this type.
‘“Two specimens from the pebble beds, Littleton, Bargate Bed of
Surrey (lower greensand).’’
We have no specimen of this species. The above is quoted directly
from Chapman, and the figures are copied from his plate.
From Chapman’s figures and description the present species seems
to have the chambers arranged in a spiral series in the early stages,
later becoming tetraserial.
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 19
QUADRULINA FRONDICULARIOIDES (Chapman)
Plate 1, figures 5 a, b
Polymorphina frondicularioides CHAPMAN, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 50,
1894, p. 716, pl. 34, figs. 13 a, 6.
“Test subpyriform, but somewhat compressed, tapering more
acutely towards the aboral extremity; test rhomboidal in section,
surface smooth, and swollen along the centre of each face. About
six'chambers are visible on each surface, slightly inflated, and bordered
by well marked sutures. The last chamber is pinched up towards
the apex; but it embraces the whole width of the test, after the man-
ner of Frondicularia and Lingulina. Aperture slightly elongate, with
a stellate border. Length one sixty-sixth inch (0.37 mm.), width one
one-hundred-and-thirtieth inch (0.19 mm.).
“This form also appears to represent a new genus or subgenus,
combining two hitherto distinct generic types.
‘‘One specimen from the pebble bed, Littleton.”
We have no specimen of the present species.
The above is quoted directly from Chapman, and the figures are
copied from his plate.
QUADRULINA LAGENALIS (Terquem)
Plate 1, figures 6 a, }
Polymorphina lagenalis TeERQUEM, Quatr. Mém. Foram. Lias, 1864, p. 301,
pl. 13, figs. 39a, b.
Terquem’s description of the species runs as follows:
P. testa laevigata, elongata, ovata, rotundata, postice obtusa, antice succisa,
lateribus aequali, loculis septem alanis, quatuor induplice cruce dispositis, uno in
medio quadrangulari, apertura magna, long. 0.58 mm.
Locality: Quenleu-les-Metz, lower Lias.
This is a distinctive species having a tetraloculine arrangement of
chambers and is here copied in order to show a Jurassic example of
the genus.
Terquem’s figures are not sufficient to show completely the tetraloc-
uline arrangement of chambers.
Genus GUTTULINA d‘Orbigny, 1826
GUTTULINA PROBLEMA d’Orbigry
Plate 2, figures 1-6; Plate 3, figures 1 a—c
Guttulina problema d’Orsieny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266, No. 14.—
CusHMAN and ScuHenck, Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol.
17, 1928, p. 310, pl. 43, figs. 9-11.
Polymorphina problema d’Orsieny, Modéles, 1826, No. 61.—H. B. Brapy,
Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 568, pl. 72, fig. 20; pl.
73, fig. 1—Jonzs, Foram. Crag, pt. 3, 1896, p. 267, pl. 1, fig. 64; pl. 5,
fig. 23; pl. 6, figs. 12 a, b Burrows and Ho.uanp, Proc. Geol. Assoc.,
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
vol. 15, 1897, p. 46, pl. 2, fig. 17—WeuuER, Geol. Surv. New Jersey,.
Paleontology, vol. 4, 1907, p. 253, pl. 3, figs. 27, 28——CusHMan, Bull.
100, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1921, p. 264, pl. 54, figs. 3, 4; U. S. Geol.
Survey Prof. Paper 133, 1923, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 6—-CHapman, New Zea-
land Geol. Survey, Pal. Bull. No. 11, 1926, p. 68, pl. 5, figs. 10-12.
Polymorphina (Guttulina) problema ANDREAE, Abhandl. Geol. Special-Karte:
Elsass-Lothringen, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1884, p. 118, pl. 9, fig. 21 a-c.
Polymorphina problema var. Hosius, Ver. Nat. Hist. Vereins Pr. Rheinlande,
vol. 50, 1893, p. 108, pl. 2, figs. 2 a—c (not figs. 3-5).
Guttulina communis d’OrBieny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266, No. 15,
pl. 12, figs. 1-4, Modéles No. 62.—Reuss in Geinitz, Grundr. Verstein.,
1845-46, p. 669, pl. 24, fig. 82.
Polymorphina communis RoEMER, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., etc., 1838, p. 385,
fig. 29—H. B. Brapy, Parker, and Jonss, Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. 27,
1869, p. 224, pl. 39, figs. 10 a, b—H. B. Brapy, Rep. Voy. Challenger,.
Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 568, pl. 72, fig. 19.—Fuint, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Rept., 1897, p. 319, pl. 67, fig. 6 (part).—Bagee, Bull. 88, U. S. Geol.
Survey, 1898, p. 60, pl. 6, fig. 2—Fornasin1, Mem. Accad. Sci. Istit.,.
Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 8, 1900, p. 38, fig. 37 —WELLER, Geol. Survey New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, 1907, p. 248, pl. 3, fig. 18—Baee, U. 8S.
Geol. Survey, Bull. 513, 1912, p. 68, pl. 21, figs. 7 a, b, 13-15.—-CusHMman,
Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 87, pl. 37, fig. 7.
Polymorphina lactea WALKER AND JACOB var. communis WILLIAMSON,, Recent
Foram. Great Britain, 1858, p. 72, pl. 6, figs. 153-155.
Polymorphina (Guttulina) lata Eacrer, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg. 1857,
p. 288, pl. 18, figs. 22-24.
Guttulina cretacea AutH, Haidinger’s Nat. Abhandl., vol. 3, 1850, p. 262,
pl. 18, fig. 14—Rezuss, Haidinger’s Nat. Abhandl., vol. 4, 1851, p. 28,
pl. 4, fig. 10.
Polymorphina cretacea Eager, Abhandl. Kén. bay. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen,
CHhe vols 2espt. L899 on Tavasple lin tese 2 sala
Globulina irregularis TERQqQUEM, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, sér. 3, vol. 1, 1878,
p. 44, pl. 4 (9), figs. 13, 14.
Polymorphina lactea StpEBotToOM, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc..,
vol. 5, No. 9, 1907, p. 9, pl. 2, fig. 11—Franxz, Abhandl, geol. pal.
Instit. Univ. Greifswald, vol. 6, 1925, p. 77, pl. 6, fig. 18; Danmarks:
Geol. Unders. 2, Raekke, No. 46, 1927, p. 34, pl. 3, fig. 13.
Globulina gibba var. glomula Fornasini, Mem. Accad. Istit. Bologna Sci.,
ser. 5, vol. 9, 1900-1902 (1902), p. 68, fig. 20 in text.
Test broadly fusiform, acute at the apertural end, more or less
rounded at the initial end in the megalospheric form, rather rounded
at the base in the microspheric form; chambers elongated, more or
less inflated, arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each suc-
ceeding chamber slightly removed from the base; sutures depressed,
very distinct; wall rather thick, smooth; aperture radiate.
Length, 0.50-1.25 mm.; breadth, 0.40-1.25 mm.; thickness, 0.28—
0.70 mm.
Most authors describe Guttulina problema as a species having
chambers arranged triserially or crowded together irregularly, but
we have seen no specimens having triserial or irregularly arranged
chambers, and all the specimens are characterized by a quinquelocu-
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAH—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 21
line arrangement of chambers. Brady, Parker, and Jones give a
figure drawn from d’Orbigny’s model No. 61 (pl. 39, fig. 71a), but so
far as our model shows, the figure is not well drawn and does not
represent the species correctly. The trouble is that d’Orbigny’s
Guttulina problema, figured from the Vienna Basin, so far as his
original specimen examined by Ozawa is concerned, is different from
his original represented by the model. Moreover the model, judging
from ours, seems not to be made well.
That is, the arrangement of chambers shown by the model appears
at first to be in a very roughly clockwise quinqueloculine series, and
the third chamber is added abnormally. D’Orbigny’s original speci-
men is lost; therefore the model is the only reference having any
authority. It may be supposed that d’Orbigny’s original of Guttulina
problema was an abnormal specimen.
We have examined some Pliocene material from Castel Arquato,
which is the original locality of d’Orbigny’s Guttulina problema, and
obtained some specimens which are very close to d’Orbigny’s model,
but there is no abnormal specimen just like the model. One of our
specimens is figured. The figured specimen, as well as the others.
from the same locality, more or less resemble Guttulina communis
figured by d’Orbigny in 1826, the differences are that Guitulina
problema has one more chamber than the latter, and its later chambers
are slightly more slender. Such differences are, of course, of very
little importance for specific separation in this group, as they are not
constant.
Brady, Parker, and Jones recognized the close relationship between
Guttulina problema and Gutiulina communis, but they preferred to
accept the models No. 61 and No. 62 as a basis of subdivision, while
later Brady proposed to unite them in the Challenger report, although
he gave separate names to the figures.
Reuss, when he described Polymorphina problema var. deltoidea in
1866,° placed together Guttulina communis, Guttulina problema, and
Guttulina austriaca; this conclusion might have been guided by the
figures in the Vienna Basin monograph. However, d’Orbigny’s (ut-
tulina communis figured in the Vienna Basin monograph is the same
as Reuss’s Guttulina dilatata described in 1851, and d’Orbigny’s Gut-
tulina problema in the same paper is nothing but a specimen having
one more chamber than Guttulina communis (Guttulina dilatata).
Guttulina austriaca is, as discussed later, quite different from the
other two. The above discussion was confirmed by the study of
both the holotypes and paratypes.
At first, we endeavored to separate Guttulina problema and Guttulina
communis, but a study of the large accumulation of both fossil and
6 Deutsch. d. Matem.-Natur. Classed. k. Akad. Wissens, vol. 25, p. 154.
22, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
recent specimens led us to unite them. The difference between them.
is only wn the shape of chamber, more precisely the degree of elonga-
tion.
Guttulina cretacea Alth differs from the present species in its inflated
chambers, and is close to Globulina gibba var. glomula Fornasini from
the Pliocene of Siena which, according to Fornasini, is an intermediate
between Guttulina problema and Globulina gibba. However, both
Guttulina cretacea and Globulina gibba var. glomula, though they have
shightly depressed sutures, retain the quinqueloculine arrangement of
chambers, and they resemble Guttulina problema more than Globulina
gibba. Therefore, they are included in Guttulina problema.
We have specimens referred to this species from the following locali-
ties: Recent.—Albatross D4807, off Japan; D5141, vicinity of Jolo,
P. I.; D5469, east coast of Luzon, P. I.; D2756, off Brazil; shore sand,
Rimini, Italy; off southwest Ireland; Dry Tortugas, Fla.
Pleistocene—United States, Lomita quarry, Palos Verdes Hills,
Calif.
Pliocene.—United States, Timms Point, San Pedro, Calif.
Miocene.—Germany, Dingden, Westphalia, Ortenburg; Hupgary,
Kostej, Banat; Tortonian sand, Varpolata; Austria, Bujtur, Sieben-
burgen; France, Burdigalien superieur, Pont Gourguet, Saucats;
Burdigalien moyen, Le Coquillat, Leognan; Burdigalien inferieur, St.
Paul de Dax; Moulin de l’Eglise, Saucats; Australia, Filter quarry,.
near Batesford, Victoria; Bird Rock Cliffs, Torquay, Victoria;
Danger Point, Torquay, Victoria; lower beds, Muddy Creek; United
States, Oak Grove sand, 100 yards below Oak Grove Bridge, Yellow
River, Fla.; Chipola marl, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Fla.
Oligocene.—Germany, Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, near Cassel;
Doberg, near Biinde; middle Oligocene, Septarienthon, Hermsdorf,
near Berlin; Flonheim, Mainz Basin; Wiesloch, near Heidelberg;
Oeding, Westphalia; Diisseldorf; Hildesheimer Wald, near Dick-
holzen, Hanover; Lobsann, Alsace; United States, lower Oligocene,
Red Bluff clay, Red Bluff, Wayne County, Miss.
Eocene.—United States, Jacksonian, Tarkiln Creek, one-half mile
above Neuches River, Tex.; Cooper marl, South Carolina; Claibor-
nian of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana; Vincentown, N. J.;
Cipero section, Trinidad, British West Indies; Midwayan, Texas;
France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Béves); Vaudancourt; Orbitolites bed
and Middle bed, Grignon; Campbon Liveau de Rilly, Damery;
Belgium, Wansin.
Cretaceous.—Holland, upper Senonian, Maastricht; United States,
Ripley formation, Owl Creek, Miss.; Upper Cretaceous, Texas.
ant.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—-CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 23
GUTTULINA BULLOIDES (Reuss)
Plate 1, figures 7, 8
Globulina bulloides Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861 (1862),
p. 318, pl. 3, fig. 4.
Guitulina bulloides TeRquEM (?), Mém. Soe. Géol. France, sér. 3, vol. 1,
1878, p. 47, pl. 4 (9), figs. 27 a, b.
Globulina deformis D’ORBIGNY, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 267, No. 27.
Polymorphina (Globulina) deformis FoRNASINI, Riv. Ital. Pal., vol. 8, 1902,
p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 9.
Test diagonally oval, nearly as wide as long, rounded at both ends;
chambers inflated, rounded, slightly embracing, arranged in an almost
clockwise, quinqueloculine series; sutures much depressed, distinct;
wall smooth, thick; aperture radiate.
Length 0.40-1.50 mm.; breadth 0.40-1.40 mm.; thickness 0.25-
0.75 mm.
The present species is characterized by rounded chambers, the last
of which is much removed from the base. We have several specimens
of the present species from the Miocene in the environs of Bordeaux
which are just the same as Fornasini’s figure. In its essential features,
our specimens resemble Globulina bulloides described by Reuss from
the Cretaceous of Maastricht. Our series of specimens shows that
the species is a variable one.
Gutiulina bulloides Terquem, having rounded chambers separated
by deep sutures, seems perhaps to belong to the present species, but
we have no topotype specimens for comparison.
Specimens in our collection which may be referred to this species
with more or less question are from the following localities:
Recent.—Shore sand, Coffins Beach, Annisquam, Mass.; Albatross
D2415, 440 fathoms, and D2416, 276 fathoms, both off the Carolina
coast.
Pliocene.—Crag, Sutton, England.
Miocene.—France, Helvetian, Salles, Moulin du Minoy; Burdi-
galien, Moulin de |’Eglise, Saucats; St. Paul de Dax; Hungary,
Lapugy; Trinidad, Cipero section.
GUTTULINA BARTSCHI Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 1, figures 10 a—c
Test ovate, with broadly rounded end (young) to oblong (adult),
initial end obtuse and rounded, apertural end acuminate; chambers
inflated, slightly longer than wide, slightly embracing, arranged in a
nearly quinqueloculine series; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth,
thick, translucent; aperture radiate.
Length 0.50-0.70 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.60 mm.; thickness 0.30-
0.45 mm.
24 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 77
Holotype —(U. 8S. Nat. Mus. No. 12612.) From Albatross D5178,
in 78 fathoms off Romblon, P. I.
It also occurs in the Philippines from the following stations: D5143,
19 fathoms and D5144, 19 fathoms, both off Jolo Jolo; D5152, 34
fathoms, Tawi Tawi group; D5268, 170 fathoms, Verde Island Pas-
sage; D5319, 340 fathoms, China Sea off Formosa. It also occurs at
D4883, 53 fathoms, off Japan. We have specimens from off the
Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand, in 60 fathoms, and from Van
Diemans Inlet, Gulf of Carpenteria, Queensland, Australia, 10
fathoms. There are specimens in the collection from the lower
Pliocene of Beaumaris, near Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
The species is named after Dr. Paul Bartsch, of the United States
National Museum, who collected much of the material in the Albatross
cruise in the Philippines.
In general outline, Guttulina bartschi is similar to Guttulina regina
distributed in the Indo-Australian region; but G. bartschi has a smooth
surface.
GUTTULINA ORIENTALIS Cushman and Ozawa
Plate 3, figures 2, 3
Guitulina orientalis CusHMAN and Ozawa, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.
Res., vol. 4, 1928, p. 15, pl. 2, fig. 1; Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6,
1929, p. 66, pl. 13, fig. 1; pl. 14, figs. 1, 2.
Test ovate to broadly fusiform, greatest breadth usually slightly
below the middle, base broadly rounded; chambers inflated, clavate,
arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each succeeding
chamber farther removed from the base; sutures only slightly de-
pressed, distinct; wall smooth, polished, thick; aperture radiate.
Length of adult specimens, 1.00—1.42 mm.; breadth, 0.65-0.83 mm. ;
thickness, 0.55—-0.69 mm.
Guttulina orientalis most closely resembles Guttulina problema, from
which it is distinguished by its more inflated chambers arranged much
closer in a quinqueloculine series, and each succeeding chamber is
removed much farther from the base. From Guttulina austriaca it
is easily separated by its less depressed sutures, more rounded base,
and inflated chambers. ‘
Distribution —The species occurs at numerous localities about
Japan. The type locality is from the upper Pliocene of Sawane,
Island of Sado, Japan. It occurs also in the upper Pliocene of Nat-
sukawa, and there are numerous Recent specimens from off Kobama.
In the Albatross dredgings, it occurs at D4826, 114 fathoms, D4843,
100 fathoms, both off Japan.
In addition, there is in the collection a single specimen of similar
form in Doctor Bagg’s material from Timms Point, Calif. It may be
noted also that we have a very few specimens from the Miocene of
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMO RPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 25
Bordeaux that in size and general arrangement of chambers are very
similar.
GUTTULINA IRREGULARIS (d’Orbigny)
Plate 3, figures 4, 5; Plate 7, figures 1, 2
Globulina irregularis D’ORBIGNY, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846,
p. 226, pl. 13, figs. 9, 10—Cusuman and Tuomas, Journ. Pal., vol. 3,
1929, p. 177, pl. 23, figs. 2a—c.
Guttulina dilatata Reuss, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 1, 1850,
p. 378, pl. 48, fig. 11.
Guttulina problema p’ORBIGNY (not d’Orbigny 1826), Foram. Foss. Bass.
Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 224, pl. 12, figs. 26-28—Revss, in Geinitz,
Grundr. Verstein., 1845-46, p. 669, pl. 24, fig. 83.
Globulina guttula Reuss, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., vol. 3, 1851, p. 82,
pl. 6, fig. 46.
Guttulina semiplana Reuss, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., vol. 3, 1851, p. 82,
pl. 6, fig. 48.
Guttulina centrata TERQUEM, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, sér. 3, vol. 1, 1878,
p. 46, pl. 4 (9), figs. 25a—26.
Polymorphina byramensis CusHMAN, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129-H,
1922, p. 94, pl. 17, figs. 2a, b; Idem, Prof. Paper 133, 1923, p. 31, pl. 5,
figs. 1-5.
Guttulina byramensis CusHMAN and ScHENCK, Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull.
Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 17, 1928, p. 309, pl. 43, figs. 6-8.
Test oval to subdeltoidal, equilaterally triangular with rounded
sides and angles, excepting the acute apertural end; chambers more or
less angular, elongated, arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine
series, each succeeding chamber excepting the last one or two cham-
bers in full grown specimens coming down to the base; sutures de-
pressed, distinct; wall smooth, but in full-grown specimens often
having the last small chamber with spines or covered with fistulose
tubes; aperture radiate.
Length, 0.45-1.40 mm.; breadth, 0.30-1.20 mm.; thickness,
0.20-0.75 mm.
Guttulina irregularis is closely related to Guttulina problema in its
quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers and depressed sutures,
and naturally it was recorded by most authors under the names of
Guttulina problema or Guttulina communis. D’Orbigny himself
described and figured the present species in the Vienna monograph
as three different species, Guttulina communis, Guttulina problema,
and Globulina irregularis. Ozawa examined both holotype and
paratype specimens of the above three species as well as a great deal
of material collected from the Vienna Basin Tertiary, and is con-
vinced that the three species as used in the 1846 paper are really
nothing more than one and the same organism in different phases of
growth. ‘‘Guttulina communis” is the adult and most common form
of d’Orbigny. Guttulina problema is an older stage with one more
chamber, and Globulina irregularis represented by a somewhat
26 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
abnormal specimen having an irregular growth of chambers. There
is some doubt about the holotype specimen of Globulina irregularis
preserved in the Museum of Paris, because the specimen is also
labelled ‘‘ Guttulina communis, var.,”’ and it is equilaterally triangular
in outline instead of globular as figured by d’Orbigny. It would be
considered that d’Orbigny’s figures for Globulina irregularis are much
modified from the specimen now in the museum as in the case of
Guttulina problema and Gutiulina communis in the same. paper.
There is no specimen like the Globulina irregularis figured by
d’Orbigny, either in the paratype specimens or among our topotypes.
Therefore, in this paper we take the specimen in the Museum at
Paris as the holotype and give the somewhat abnormal specimen
having the very inadequate name of Globulina irregularis the priority
over several specific names given the specimens considered to be
identical with the present species. It is to be noted here that
Polymorphina wrregularis d’Orbigny in the Cuban monograph is a
different species from Globulina irregularis in the Vienna monograph
in which Globulina is used as a genus.
Guitulina dilatata Reuss recorded from the Vienna Basin Miocene in
1850 is different from Polymorphina dilatata described by the same
author in the following year 1851, and is a very good representation of
the present species. Reuss’ Globulina guttula and Guttulina semiplana
from Hermsdorf are the same, the former being a young and the
latter an adult. They are very close to Guttulina irregularis and are
placed in the synonymy.
Guitulina centrata Terquem, having a rounded outline and much
involute chambers is approaching Sigmoidella. This is shown in
young stages of Guttulina irregularis. It appears not to be well
drawn and is provisionally included in the present species.
Polymorphina byramensis Cushman, one of the most common species
in the American older Tertiary, in its general features is closely related
to the present species.
Tnstribution.—This is one of the most common species of the Poly-
morphinidae. It ranges from the Cretaceous to the Recent, and geo-
graphically is also widely distributed. We have specimens from the
following localities referable to this species:
Recent.—Italy, shore sand, Lido, Venice; Australia, shore ey
Torquay, on Bass Strait, Victoria; New Zealand, off North Cape, 75
fathoms; off Oamaru, 50 fathoms; off the Big King, 98 fathoms; off
Poor Knights Islands, 60 fathoms; east coast United States, Albatross
D2415, off the Carolina coast, 440 fathoms; D2262, south of New
England, 250 fathoms.
Phocene.—Island of Cyprus, Lanarka; Italy, Coroncina, near Siena;
Castel Arquato; Ponticello, near Bologna.
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 27
Miocene.—United States, Choctawhatchee marl, near Red Bay,
Fla.; Chipola marl, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Fla.; Australia,
Janjukian, Filter quarries, Batesford, Victoria; Bird Rock Cliffs,
Torquay, Victoria; bore, Hopevale Station, Sutherlands Creek, near
Geelong, Victoria; Balcombian, Kackeraboite Creek, Victoria;
Austria, Amphistegina-marl and Leithakalk, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf,
mear Vienna; Tortonian, Loos, Vienna Basin; Hungary, Tortonian,
Varpolata; Lapugy; Kostej; France, Helvetian, Pontlevoy; Salles,
Moulin de Minoy; Burdigalien moyen, Le Coquillat, Leognan;
Burdigalien recifal, St. Paul de Dax, Landes, Burdigalien inferieur,
Moulin de l’Eglise, Saucats (Gironde).
Oligocene.—Germany, upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, near Cassel;
middle Oligocene, Flonheim, Mainz Basin; Hermsdorf near Berlin;
Pietzpuhl; Sdllingen; Duisberg; Oeding; Diisseldorf, Dickholzen;
Lobsann; lower Oligocene, Lattdorf; Australia, Clifton Bank, near
Hamilton, Victoria; United States, Byram marl, Byram and Vicks-
burg, Miss.; Mint Spring Marl, Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss.,
and many other localities recorded; Mexico, numerous localities in
‘Tampico embayment region.
Eocene—United States, Jacksonian, 14% miles south of Shubuta,
Miss.; 1 mile south of Yazoo City, Miss.; west bank of Chipola River,
east of Marianna, Jackson County, Fla., and many other stations. ;
‘Claibornian, Cook Mountain formation, Moseleys Ferry, Caldwell
‘County, Tex.; Sabine County, Tex.; Alabama; Louisiana; Vincen-
town, N. J.; Midwayan, Naheola formation, Naheola Landing, Tom-
bigbee River, Ala.; Midway, Tex. Mexico, many stations in Alazan
clays, Guayabal formation, Guayabal. Trinidad, Hermitage quarry,
Dumfries Road; Cipero section; Vistabella quarry. Hungary, Neu-
stift, Ofen. Austria, Bartonian, Bruderndorf, near Stockerau.
France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Béves); Damery; Chaussy; Grignon;
Courtagnon. Italy, Bartonian, Val di Lonte. England, Brackles-
ham beds, White Cliff Bay, Isle of Wight. Belgium, basal Kocene,
Wansin.
GUTTULINA IRREGULARIS d’Orbigny var. NIPPONENSIS Cushman and Ozawa, new variety
Plate 7, figures 3a—c
Variety differing from the typical in having the later chambers not
much removed from the base and having a tendency to embrace the
earlier ones; that is, it is approaching Sigmordella. It is noteworthy
that the direction of the quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers is
either clockwise or contraclockwise as in Sigmovdella pacifica.
Length 0.70-0.75 mm.; breadth 0.45-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.33-0.37
mm.
Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 11140).—From upper Plio-
cene, Okuwa, Province of Kaga, Japan. Paratypes in Geological
Institute, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan.
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
The specimens having a contraclockwise arrangement of chambers,
more or less resemble Giutiulina lactea, but the sutures are more
depressed and the outline is more triangular instead of the oval or
ovate form of Guttulina lactea.
Distribution.—Found only in the Japanese Pliocene deposits and as
a Recent form.
GUTTULINA FRANKEI Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 4, figures 1 a-—c
Polymorphina lactea var. cuspidata FRANKE, Abhandl. Mus. Nat. Magde-
burg, 1925, p. 177, pl. 6, fig. 460.
Test nearly quadrangular, almost symmetrical, apertural and
initial ends very acute, forming opposite diagonal angles, other two
angles rounded; chambers clavate, not embracing, earlier ones small,
later ones much enlarged, arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine .
series; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth, rather thick; aperture
radiate.
Length 0.60-0.82 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.25—
0.35 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 10588).—From the middle Oligocene of
Séllingen, Germany. We also have specimens from the Oligocene
of Oeding, Westphalia, Germany. Very similar specimens occur in
the upper Eocene, Cooper marl of South Carolina.
Guttulina franker more or less resembles Guttulina irregularis in its
general characters, but the former has the more acute base, often with
a spine at its initial end. It differs from the microspheric form of
Guttulina irregularis which has invariably a rounded base and is
usually more or less equilaterally triangular.
Franke’s Polymorphina lactea var. cuspidata reported from the
lower Oligocene of Magdeburg is characterized by a cuspidate initial
end and is very similar to the present species. However, the name
cuspidata has already been used by Brady, and we have attached
Doctor Franke’s name to this species.
GUTTULINA TRIGONULA (Reuss)
Plate 4, figures 2 a—c
Polymorphina trigonula Reuss, Die Verstein. béhm. Kreide, 1845, p. 40,
pl. 13, fig. 84.—H. B. Brapy, Parxkmr, and Jonss, Trans. Linn. Soc.,
vol. 27, 1870, p. 232, pl. 40, figs. 16a, b.
Polymorphina damaecornis Reuss, Die Verstein. bbhm. Kreide, 1845, p. 40,
pl. 18, fig. 85.
Polymorphina (Guttulina) damaecornis JoNES and CHapman, Journ. Linn.
Soc. Zool., vol. 25, 1896, p. 508, fig. 2 (in text).
Test spheroidal, truncate at the base, obtuse at the apertural end;
chambers rounded, inflated, arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine
series, each succeeding chamber extending back to the base but not
art 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—-CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 29
covering the earlier chambers at the base; sutures depressed, distinct;
wall smooth, the apertural end often covered ‘with fistulose tubes;
aperture produced, radiate.
Length 0.35-0.70 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.65 mm.; thickness 0.25—
0.48 mm.
Guttulina trigonula is allied to Guttulina problema and like it has the
chambers arranged in a quinqueloculine series, but differs from it in
the truncate, somewhat three-sided base. The test itself is much
rounded and much wider than long. Guttulina damaecornis mentioned
by Reuss in the same paper as the present species is undoubtedly a
fistulose specimen of Guttulina trigonula.
Polymorphina glomerata Roemer’ characterized by a spheroidal
test composed of inflated and rounded chambers, appears to be very
close to Guttulina trigonula, but the figures lack details. The fact
also that we have no specimens in our collection that seem identical
has left us in doubt whether it be a valid species or a synonym of the
present one.
Mistribution— Reuss recorded the present species from the Creta-
ceous of Luschnitz in Bohemia. Our figured specimen was obtained
from the lower Gault clay at Barnwell Pit, in Cambridge, England.
The other localities of our specimens from the Cretaceous are:
Maastricht, Holland; Stemmerberg, Westphalia; Hinter-Fessen near
Pirna, Germany; Velasco shale, Hacienda El Limon, west of Panuco,
Mexico. ;
GUTTULINA AUSTRIACA d’Orbigny
Plate 4, figures 3-5
Gutiulina austriaca D’ORBIGNY, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 223,
pl. 12, figs. 23-25_TErqurmm, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, sér. 3, vol. 2,
1882, p. 133, pl. 18 (21), fig. 36.
Polymorphina oblonga v’OrBIgNY, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846,
p. 232, pl. 12, figs. 29-31—_Turquem, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, sér. 3,
vol. 2, 1882, p. 145, pl. 15 (23), fig. 9 —H. B. Brapy, Rep. Voy. Chal-
lenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 569, pl. 73, fig. 4 (not figs. 2 and 3).—
CuastEr, First Rept. Southport Soc. Nat. Sci., 1890-91 (1892), p. 64,
pl. 1, fig. 13.—Baae, U.S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 513, 1912, p. 73, pl. 20,
figs. 10-12.—Cusuman, Bull. 71, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 88,
pl. 37, fig. 6; Idem, Bull. 100, vol. 4, 1921, p. 268, pl. 52, fig. 3.
Polymorphina guttata Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 62, pt. 1, 1870,
p. 487.—v. Scuuicut, Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pl. 30, figs. 25-32.
Test fusiform to oblong, more or less rounded at the base, rather
acute at the apertural end, often botryoidal, greatest breadth usually
above the middle; chambers oval to clavate, slightly embracing,
arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each succeeding
chamber removed much farther from the base; sutures depressed
and very distinct; wall smooth, translucent; aperture produced,
radiate.
7 Verst. norddeutsch. Kreide, 1840-41 ,p. 97, pl. 15, fig. 19.
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 7?
Length 0.60-1.15 mm.; breadth 0.40-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.35-
0.50 mm. .
Original specimen in Paris, paratypes in Vienna.
Gutiulina austriaca has been often confused and mistaken by various
authors. It is generally considered to be identical with Guttulina
problema and G. communis. We do not deny its close relationship
to Gutiulina problema, because it has the same arrangement of clavate
chambers, although in the present species each succeeding chamber
is removed from the proloculum, which is always very distinct in a
young specimen. In the plate are illustrated three phases of the
growth of Guttulina austriaca from specimens collected from the
original locality. The youngest is a specimen coinciding in every
respect with d’Orbigny’s Guttulina austriaca, and the largest adult.
specimen is nothing but the species described by d’Orbigny under
the name Polymorphina oblonga (not of Roemer nor of Williamson).
Polymorphina gutiula Reuss, a name given to the figures (pl. 30,
figs. 25-30) of Schlicht, having a botryoidal test, is closely related to
the present species.
Disiribution.—We have specimens of this species from the following
localities:
Recent.—ltaly, Shore sand, Rimini; Pacific, off Watson’s Bay,
Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia; Kobama, Japan; Albatross
D5318, 340 fathoms, China Sea, vicinity of Formosa.
Pleistocene.—Canada, Glacial clays, McGill College Grounds,
Montreal.
Pliocene.—ltaly, Castel Arquato; Coroncina, near Siena; Belgium,
Crag noir, Antwerp; Japan, Okuwa, Province of Kaga; Natsukawa,
Province of Echigo.
Miocene.—Hungary, Koste}; Lapugy; Varpolata; Austria, Torto-
nian, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf; Perchtoldsdorf; Baden, near Vienna.
Oligocene.—Upper Oligocene, Germany, Ahnatal near Cassel.
Middle Oligocene, Flonheim, Mainz Basin. Lower Oligocene, Lattdorf.
Hocene.—France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Béves); Lutetien moyen,
Grignon. Lower Eocene, Belgium, Wansin.
GUTTULINA YABE} Cushman and Ozawa
Plate 4, figures 6, 7
Guttulina yaber CusuHMAN and Ozawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6, 1929,
p. 68, pl. 13, fig. 2; pl. 14, fig. 6.
Polymorphina oblonga H. B. Brapy (not d’Orbigny), Rep. Voy. Challenger, .
Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, pl. 73, figs. 2, 3.
Test elongate fusiform, rounded, greatest breadth above the mid-
dle, base rounded; chambers numerous, inflated, one and one-half
times as long as broad, arranged in a close sigmoid series, each chamber
added with its base at about the middle of the previous chamber-
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA ol
adjacent to it; sutures very distinct, depressed; wall smooth, polished,
thick, translucent; aperture radiate, terminal.
Length 1.50 mm.; breadth 0.75 mm.
Holotype.—(Geological Institute, Imperial University of Tokyo,
Japan.) From the upper Pliocene, Sawane, Island of Sado.
This species is evidently the same as that figured by Brady.’
Brady’s specimens are from the Australian region, and are not the
same as d’Orbigny’s Polymorphina (Guitulina) oblonga from the
Miocene of the Vienna Basin, which is a much smaller species as well
as differing in other characters. ‘'Topotypes of d’Orbigny’s species
have been compared with the Japanese specimens.
In the Albatross collections, the species occurs at Stations D4807,
44 fathoms and D4826, 114 fathoms off Japan.
GUTTULINA YABEI Cushman and Ozawa var. OVALE Cushman and Ozawa
Plate 40, figure 6
Gutiulina yabet CusHMAN and Ozawa var. ovale CUSHMAN and Ozawa, Jap.
Journ. Geol. and Geog., vol. 6, 1929, p. 68, pl. 18, fig. 3; pl. 14, fig. 7.
Variety differing from the typical form in having the sutures less
depressed, and the chambers less inflated, due to the greater over-
lapping of the chambers. The figured specimen measured 2.5 mm.
in length, and 1.1 mm. in breadth.
The types are from the upper Pliocene of Sawane, Island of Sado,
Japan.
GUTTULINA SPICAEFORMIS (Roemer)
Plate 5, figures 1, 2
Polymorphina spicaeformis RommMER, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., 1838, p. 386,
pl. 3, fig. 31.
Polymorphina austriaca D’ORBIGNY var. to CusHMAN and Appuin, Bull.
Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 10, 1926, p. 174, pl. 9, figs. 6, 7.
Guitulina plancit D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Amér. Mérid., vol. 5, pt. 5, ‘‘ Foramini-
féres,”” 1839, p. 60, pl. 1, fig. 5.
Polymorphina uviformis Rnuss, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., vol. 7, 1855,
pa 289, pl. 11, fig. 5.
Test fusiform, initial end rounded, apertural end acute, margin
slightly lobulate; chambers clavate, but little embracing, arranged in
a contraclockwise, quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber
removed from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth;
aperture radiate.
Length 0.35-0.75 mm.; breadth 0.20-0.35 mm.; thickness 0.12-
0.25 mm.
In general form, Guttulina spicaeformis most resembles Guttulina
austriaca d’Orbigny from the Vienna Basin in that it has rather short,
clavate chambers combined so as to form a typical fusiform test. It
® Challenger Report, vol. 9, 1884, pl. 73, figs. 2, 3.
o2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
however possesses a contraclockwise quinqueloculine arrangement of
chambers as distinctly shown in the figure given by Roemer.
Polymorphina uviformis Reuss may represent a Cretaceous speci-
men of the present species, and we have no reason to separate it from
Guttulina sprcaeformis.
Guttulina planew d’Orbigny described from the Bay of San-Blas,
Patagonia, and Polymorphina austriaca var. 10 Cushman and Applin
are also placed under the synonymy of the present species.
Distribution.—Geologically and geographically Guttulina spicae-
formis is widely distributed. We have species from the following
localities:
Recent.—Atlantic, West Indies, Dry Tortugas, 11 and 18 fathoms;
San Juan Harbor, P. R., 6 fathoms; coast of Belgium; Gaspé Bay,
10-15 fathoms; Australia, Hardwick Bay, east side of Spencer Gulf;
New Zealand, off the Big King, 98 fathoms; off the Snares; Oamaru.
Miocene.—Australia, Filter Quarry, Batesford, Victoria.
Oligocene.—Germany, Diisseldorf; Sdllingen; Oeding, Westphalia.
Eocene —United States, Cooper marl, west side of Biggin Creek,
Berkeley County, S. C.; Ocala limestone, west bank of Chipola
River, at Wagon Bridge, east of Marianna, Jackson County, Fla.; east
bank of Sepulga River, north of Brooklyn, Conecuh County, Ala.;
road from Perdue Hill to Claiborne, Monroe County, Ala.; Jack-
sonian, Jackson, Miss.; bluff on Garlands Creek, 5 miles northeast of
Shubuta, Wayne County, Miss.; bluff on Chickasawhay River at
Hayes Chapel, Wayne County, Miss.; Stovall Creek, east of Diboll,
Tex.; three-fourths mile below Robinson’s Ferry, Sabine River,
Sabine, Tex.; Wilmington, N. C., Claibornian; roadside going down
to river, Claiborne, Ala.; Midwayan, Tex. England, Bracklesham
beds X, XIII, XVIII, Isle of Wight. Thanetian, Pegwell Bay.
France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Béves), Damery.
GUTTULINA SPICAEFORMIS (Roemer), var. AUSTRALIS (d’Orbigny)
Plate 5, figures 3 a—c
Globulina australis @ Onpieny, Voy. Amér. Mérid., 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, ‘‘ Fora-
miniféres,’’ p. 60, pl. 1, figs. 1-4.
Polymorphina australis H. B. Brapy, Parker, and Jonss, Trans. Linn. Soc.,
vol. 27, 1869, p. 239, pl. 41, figs. 27a, b.
Polymorphina regina CusHMAN, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129, 1921,
p. 94, pl. 18, fig. 4; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. No. 311, 1922,
p. 33, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6; U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 133, 1923, p. 33.
Variety differing from the typical in its ornamentation, consisting
of fine, longitudinal costae, generally well developed on the lower half
of the test. There are intermediate specimens in which the markings
become obscure.
Length 0.45-0.63 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.32 mm.; thickness 0.18-
0.25 mm.
“art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 30
Distribution.—This variety has occurred in considerable numbers
at various stations off the Dry Tortugas, off Florida, and off Cuba.
Specimens of very similar character and seemingly identical occur
in the Eocene, Bracklesham beds XVII and XVIII, Isle of Wight,
England, and in the lower Oligocene, Byram mari of Byram, Miss.
GUTTULINA HANTKENI Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 5, figures 4-6
Polymorphina acuta Hantxun, Mitth. Jahrb. K. Ungar. geol. Anstalt, vol. 4,
~ 1875 (1881), p. 60, pl. 8, fig. 4 (acuminata on explanation of plate).
Test oval, botryoidal, more or less rounded at the base, acute at
the aperture, greatest breadth above the middle; chambers ovate,
embracing but little, arranged in a contraclockwise, quinqueloculine
series, each succeeding chamber removed farther from the base
sutures much depressed, very distinct; wail smooth, thick; aperture
acutely produced, radiate.
Length 0.60-1.20 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.75 mm.; thickness 0.30-
0.60 mm.
Holotype —(Cushman Coll. No. 11194.) Hocene, Kleinzellen, bei
Ofen, Hungary.
Guttulina hantkeni has a typical botryoidal test consisting of ovate
chambers, while other botryoidal species such as Guttulina austriaca
and Guttulina spicaeformis have invariably more slender tests con-
sisting of clavate chambers.
The Cretaceous Polymorphina uviformis Reuss, which is included
in Guitulina spicaeformis (Roemer) in this paper, seems to represent an
intermediate form between Guttulina hantkeni and Guttulina spicae-
formis. Both Hantken’s names, Polymorphina acuta, and Polymor-
phina acuminata, given to the present species, are preoccupied;
therefore a new specific name is proposed, named for Doctor Hantken.
Distribution. —Guttulina hantkeni seems to be limited in its geologi-
cal distribution. Our specimens were obtained from the Eocene for-
mations of Neustift, Ofen, Hungary, the type locality of Hantken’s
specimens, also from the middle Hocene of the United States, Clai-
bornian, of New Jersey and Louisiana. We also have specimens from
the upper Senonian of Maastricht, Holland, which are very similar.
GUTTULINA PULCHELLA d@’Orbigny
Plate 5, figures 7 a—c
Guitulina pulchella »’ORBIGNY, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
vol. 6, 1840, p. 129, pl. 2, figs. 4-6.
Polymorphina pulchella H. B. Brapy, PaARKmR, and Jongs, Trans. Linn. Soc.,
vol. 27, 1870, p. 239, pl. 41, figs. 28 a, b—Cusuman, Carnegie Instit.
Washington, Publ. No. 311, 1922, p. 33, pl. 4, figs. 7, 8; Bull. 104, U.S.
Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 157, pl. 40, fig. 6.
Test elongate fusiform, greatest breadth shightly below the middle;
chambers elongate, clavate, scarcely overlapping, arranged in a contra-
§2709—30——3
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber farther
removed from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall thin, orna-
mented with fine, regular, longitudinal costae; aperture radiate.
Length 0.60-0.95 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.30 mm.; thickness 0.18—
0.23 mm.
Guttulina pulchella is one of a few well-defined species among the
Polymorphinidae described by d’Orbigny. Its slender, elongate
chambers, marked with regular, longitudinal costae, are its charac-
teristics and can not be confused with any of the other known species.
Distribution.—D’Orbigny recorded the present species from the
shore sand of Cuba and Martinique. We have specimens from numer-
ous stations off the Dry Tortugas, near Florida, 7-18 fathoms, and
from Albatross D2420 off the eastern coast of the United States in
104 fathoms.
GUTTULINA REGINA (H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones)
Plate 6, figures 1, 2
Polymorphina regina H. B. Brapy, Parksr, and Jonss, Trans. Linn. Soc.,
vol. 27, 1870, p. 241, pl. 41, figs. 32 a, b.—_H. B. Brapy, Rep. Voy.
Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 571, pl. 73, figs. 11-13.—Eecrr,
Abhandl. kén. bay. Akad. Wiss., Miinchen, Cl. II, vol. 18, 1893, p. 310,
pl. 9, figs. 45, 50, 51.—Cuapman, Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, ser. 2,
vol. 10, 1907, p. 182, pl. 10, fig. 4—Cusuman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat.
Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 91, pl. 41, figs. 6, 7; Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey,
1918, p. 54, pl. 11, figs. 3, 45 Prof. Paper 129-E, 1922, p. 94, pl. 18,
fig. 4; Prof. Paper 129-F, 1922, p. 181, pl. 30, fig. 8.
Test broadly fusiform, obtuse and rounded at the initial end, acute
at the apertural end; chambers inflated, oval, but little embracing,
arranged in a quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber rapidly
enlarged, removed slightly from the base; sutures much depressed,
distinct; wall marked by equidistant, longitudinal costae; aperture
radiate.
Length 0.63—0.80 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.42; thickness 0.25—0.35 mm.
This is a well-defined species described by H. B. Brady, Parker, and
Jones, and there is but little danger of confusing it with any other
species of the genus. |
The surface markings are very regular and distinct, although in some
specimens they are much finer.
Distribution.—The original authors reported it from soundings from
Storm Bay, Tasmania. It is common off the eastern coast of Aus-
tralia. We have specimens from Albatross D5152, 34 fathoms, Sulu
Archipelago; D5311, 88 fathoms, China Sea, off southern Luzon,
P. I.; shore sand, Torquay, on Bass Strait, Victoria, Australia; shore
sand, Newcastle Bay, New South Wales; Van Dieman’s Inlet, Gulf
of Carpenteria, Queensland, 10 fathoms; and Wool Bay, Yorkes
Peninsula, west side of St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia.
art 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAH—_CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 30
GUTTULINA REGINA (H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones) var. CRASSICOSTATA Cushman and
Ozawa, new variety
Plate 11, figures 5 a-c
Variety differing from the typical in the very broad, coarse costae
and in the shape of the test, which instead of having the greatest
breadth decidedly below the middle has a more regularly fusiform
test; the chambers not as inflated as in the typical form.
Holotype of variety —(Cushman Coll. No. 11891.) From the lower
Pliocene, Beaumaris, near Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
This variety is very distinct from the typical form. The costae are
extremely thick and heavy, even more so than shown in the figure.
GUTTULINA COSTATULA Galloway and Wissler
Plate 6, figures 3 a, b
Polymorphina (Guttulina) costatula GatLoway and WISSLER, Journ.
Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 57, pl. 9, figs. 10 a, b.
Test short, somewhat fusiform, acute at both ends; chambers
inflated, rounded, not much embracing, arranged in a contraclock-
wise, quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber removed much
farther from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall ornamented
with numerous distinct, rounded costae, of which there are five more
strongly developed at the base, radiating from the acute initial end
independent of the sutures and taking positions in accord with the
quinqueloculine arrangement of the early chambers; aperture pro-
duced, radiate.
Length 0.40-0.60 mm.; breadth 0.27—0.35 mm.; thickness 0.18-0.24
mm.
Gutiulina costatula is very close in its general outline and ornamen-
tation to Guttulina regina (H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones), but it
has generally much smaller dimensions, and its five strong costae
radiating from the initial end is an important character developed in
only one other known species of Guttulina. It is an ornamented
species close to a rather common species found in the same locality
(Guttulina quinquecosta Cushman and Ozawa), which has a smooth
wall excepting for the five strong costae developed at the basal region.
It grows much larger than the present species.
Distribution.—The types were described from the Pleistocene, lower
bed, of the Lomita Quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, 2 miles south of
Lomita, Calif. We have specimens from the type locality, and also
specimens that seem to be identical from the Miocene of Filter
Quarry, Victoria, Australia.
ex)
(ep)
PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 77
GUTTULINA CAUDATA d@’Orbigny
Plate 6, figures 4, 5
Gutlulina caudata D’OrBIGNY, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266, No. 16.—
FornNAsIN!I, Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. 19, 1900, p. 187, fig. 2 (in text).
Test unequally compressed, front view nearly an isosceles triangle,
with broadly rounded base, the initial end with a spine; chambers
elongate, arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each suc-
ceeding chamber nearly reaching to the base; sutures but little de-
pressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.
Length 0.32-0.48 mm.; breadth 0.20-0.35 mm.; thickness 0.08-0.15
mm.
This is one of the species listed by d’Orbigny in 1826 and figured
much later by Fornasini. Its regular triangular outline with the
spine at the initial end are important features which will distinguish
Guituline caudata. The quinqueloculine arrangement of the chambers
of the species is very regular.
Distribution.—D’Orbigny listed it from the Adriatic Sea and as
fossil! from France and Castel Arquato. We have iossil specimens
from France from the Eocene, Lutetien of Parnes (Les Béves),
Vaudancourt, and Beauves.
GUTTULINA ADHAERENS (Olszewski)
Plate 1, figures 9 a-c; Plate 6, figures 7 a, 6
Polymorphina adhaerens OLSZEWSKI, Sprawodz. Kom. Fizyj. Akad. Umiej.
Krakowie, vol. 9, 1875, p. 119, pl. 1, fig. 11.
Test ovate, broadest below the middle, rounded at the base, acute
toward the apertural end; chambers clavate, arranged in an almost
quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber slightly removed
from the base; sutures but little depressed, distinct; wall smooth;
aperture radiate,
Length 0.50-1.10 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.80 mm.; thickness 0.22—0.50
mim,
The quinqueloculine arrangement of the chambers of the present
species has a tendency to become triserial. Accordingly a side view
often shows only three chambers of which the middle one seems to be
much inflated and produced between the others. This appearance
is very characteristic of the species.
Distribution Rather common in various Cretaceous deposits in
Hurepe, especially in the Chalkmarl and the Gault of England. We
have it also from the Cretaceous of Maastricht, Holland.
arTt.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAEH-—_CUSHMAN AND OZAWA i
GUTTULINA ADHAERENS (Olszewski) var. CUSPIDATA Cushman and Ozawa, new variety
Plate 6, figure 6
Polymorphina species, BURROWS, SHERBORN, and Baiupy, Journ. Roy. Mier.
Soc., 1890, p. 561, pl. 11, fig. 15.
Variety differing from the typical in the development of a distinct
basal spine.
Length including spine 0.50—-0.65 mm.; breadth 0.30-0.45 mm.;
thickness 0.18—0.30 mm.
Holotype of varvety—(Cushman Coll. No. 11209.) From the ¢
taceous, chalk marl of Folkestone, England.
This variety is abundant in our collections from the chalk marl
and Cambridge Greensand of the Saxon Cement Works, at Cambridge,
England. Burrows, Sherborn, and Bailey’s specimen was from the
Red Chalk in England. We also have it from the lower Cenomanian,
Tecklienburg Wald, Westphalia, Germany.
GUTTULINA PRAELONGA (Egger)
SU
Ys
Plate 6, figures 8 a—c
Polymorphina praelonga Eaarer, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg., 1857, p. 287,
pl. 13, figs. 25-27—Trerqurem, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, sér. 3, vol. 1,
1878, p. 39, pl. 3 (8), figs. 20-21b— Jonrs and CHapman, Journ. Linn.
Soc. Zool., vol. 25, 1896, p. 511, fig. 20 (in text)—Baae, Maryland
Geol. Surv. (Hocene), 1901, p. 249, pl. 68, fig. 14.
Polymorphina (Globulina) angusta Eacrr, Neues Jahrb. fix Min., Jahrg.
1857, p. 290, pl. 13, figs. 18-15—ANpruaAn, Abhandl. Geol. Special-
Karte Elsass-Lothringen, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1884, p. 210, pl. 9, fig. 17,—.
Eeenr, Abhandl. kén. bay. Akad. Wiss., Miinchen, Cl. II, vol. 18,
1893, p. 308, pl. 9, figs. 5-7.
Guitulina austriaca D’ORBIGNY var. angusta TERQUEM, Essai Class. Anim.
Dunkerque, 1881, p. 130, pl. 17, fig. 5a, b.
Polymorphina dispar TnRquEM, Hssai Class. Anim. Dunkerque, 1881, p. 139,
pl. 17, fig. 4a, 6.
Test elongate, more or less cylindrical, broadest below the middle,
tapering toward the aperture, rounded at the initial end; chambers
elongate, clavate, arranged in a quinqueloculine series, not much em-
bracing; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth; apertural end often
with fistulose tubes; aperture radiate.
Length 0.45-0.95 mm.; breadth 0.22-0.38 mm.; thickness 0.10-0.16
mm.
We have examined a paratype specimen of Eeger’s Polymorphina
praelonga and are convinced that it is identical with Polymorphina
angusta described by him in the same paper. Eeger’s Polymorphina
praelonga is a full-grown specimen having one or two more chambers
than Polymorphina angusta. The figures of Polymorphina praelonga
Egger show the chambers arranged in a biserial series, but they are
undoubtedly not well drawn.
Terquem figured and described Polymorphina praelonga in 1878,
which is the same as Polymorphina angusia Kgger.
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
Terquem’s Guttulina austriaca var. angusta and Polymorphina dispar
are also placed in the synonymy of the present species. The former
has a slightly shorter test.
The latter appears to have one or two more chambers than the
usual specimens of Polymorphina praelonga.
Polymorphina cylindrica Prochazka having a cylindrical test
consisting of rather short chambers, is not much different from Poly-
morphina angusta or Polymorphina austriaca var. angusia Terquem.
Distribution —EKegger’s types are from the Miocene. We have a
paratype of Egger’s from Ortenburg. The species occurs also in
the Miocene of France at Dax and Le Coquillat, Leognan, France,
as well as in the upper Oligocene (Stampien ) of Jeurs, France. All
these localities have a fauna very closely related to that described
by Egger. Somewhat similar specimens occur in widely different
localities such as the upper end of Buzzards Bay, Mass., Kobama,
Japan; Wool Bay, Yorkes Peninsula, west side of St. Vincent Gulf,
Australia. Somewhat similar specimens occur in the Pliocene of
Fiji and in the Eocene of the Isle of Wight, England, Grignon and
Parnes (Les Béves), France, and in the Jackson of the United States.
It is probable that these do not all represent a single species, but the
specimens have a very similar arrangement and shape of the chambers.
Some are clockwise and others contraclockwise in their arrangement,
but the distinction does not seem to be constant.
GUTTULINA GUTTIFORMIS (Terquem)
Plate 6, figures 9 a-—c
Polymorphina guttiformis TERquEM, Mém. Soe. Géol. France, sér. 3, vol. 1,
1878, p. 42, pl. 9 (14), fig. 24 a, b.
Test slender, in front view an isosceles triangle, broadest at the
base, tapering toward the apertural end; chambers cylindrical,
arranged in a quinqueloculine series, but little embracing, all extending
back nearly to the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth;
aperture radiate.
Length 0.65—-0.90 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.35 mm.; thickness 0.16—0.24
mm.
This is one of the well marked species of Guttulina. Its test is
elongated, but it is quite different from other elongate Guttulinas
characterized by a botryoidal test, in having the chambers all extend-
ing down to the base. The nearest ally of the present species is
Gutiulina praelonga in which the chambers are much more inflated.
Distribution We have specimens from the following localities:
Miocene.—Burdigalien, France, St. Paul de Dax; Moulin de
VEelise, Saucats.
Oligocene.—Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel; Hildesheimer Wald,
Dickholzen, Hanover.
ART.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—-C USHMAN AND OZAWA 39
GUTTULINA JARVISI Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 7, figures 4, 5
Test ovate, greatest breadth near the middle, broadly rounded
at the base, more or less acute at the apertural end; chambers inflated,
twice as long as wide, not much embracing, arranged in a clockwise,
quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber removed regularly
from the base giving a rounded appearance at the base; sutures de-
pressed, distinct; wall smooth, thick; aperture radiate. :
Length 0.90-1.80 mm.; breadth 0.80—-1.50 mm.; thickness 0.50—
1.00 mm.
Holotype.—(Cushman Coll. No. 11226.) From Tertiary, lower marl,
Cipero section, Trinidad.
Tbe present species is generally very large, attaining to nearly 2
millimeters in length. In its general appearance, it has an intermediate
character between Guttulina problema and Guttulina hantkent. From
the former it differs in its rather broad base and much obliquely added
chambers, and from the latter in its more or less elongate chambers,
of which each succeeding one is not much removed from the base.
Distribution Several specimens were found in the Tertiary
material from Trinidad, collected by P. W. Jarvis. They are from
the Eocene of the Cipero section and also from the ‘‘ Uvigerina bed”’
and the ‘‘upper marl’ of the same part of the island. We have a
single specimen from Albatross D5318 off the Philippines which is
very close to this species from Trinidad.
GUTTULINA LEHNERI Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 8, figures 1, 2
Test ovate to clavate, broadest in the lower half, broadly rounded
at the base, tapering to the apertural end; chambers elongated,
embracing, arranged in a regular, quinqueloculine series; sutures not
depressed, not very distinct; wall smooth, thick, often with fistulose
tubes at the apertural portion; aperture radiate.
Length 0.65-1.35 mm.; breadth 0.38-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.25—
0.36 mm.
Holotype.—(Cushman Coll. No. 10436.) From Tertiary, lower marl,
south end of Hospital Hill, San Fernando, British West Indies.
Guttulina lehneri resembles Guttulina problema in general character,
but it has elongated but not inflated chambers and nondepressed
sutures, therefore its surface is quite even, and at a glance it can
be easily separated from other Guttulinas. It is approaching Glo-
bulina, but the chambers are arranged in a regular quinqueloculine
series.
Distribution —Rather common in the Tertiary of Trinidad. It
occurs in the ‘‘lower marl’ of the Cipero section and also in the
““Sagrina beds”’ of Oropouche Lagoon, Trinidad.
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 7
GUTTULINA YAMAZAKI Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 8, figures 3, 4
Test elongate, the base broadly rounded, uniformly tapering toward
the apertural end; chambers elongated, especially in the later ones,
arranged in a quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber slightly
removed from the base; sutures but little depressed, distinct; wall
smooth, rather thick; aperture radiate.
Length 0.80-1.35 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.65 mm.; thickness 0.20—
0.45 mm.
Holotype.— (Cat. No. 20950, U.S. N.M.) From Albatross D4807, in
44 fathoms off Cape Tsiuka, Japan.
The elongated test composed of elongated chambers is very char-
acteristic of the present species. The specific name is dedicated to
Prof. N. Yamazaki, Geographical Institute, Imperial University of
Tokyo.
Distribution.—The species occurs living off Japan, and is fossil in
the upper Pliocene.
Recent —Albatross D4807, off Cape Tsiuka, Japan, 44 fathoms.
Tuscarora 11, in 437 fathoms.
Pliocene.—Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan.
GUTTULINA KISHINOUYI Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 8, figures 5, 6
Test elongated, the greatest breadth in the lower half, broadly
rounded at the base but pointed at the initial end, gradually tapering
toward the aperture; chambers much elongated, roundly triangular
in cross section, embracing, arranged in a clockwise quinqueloculine
series, each succeeding chamber but little removed from the base;
sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wall smooth, polished; aperture
radiate.
Length 0.52—0.95 mm.; breadth 0.30—0.40 mm.; thickness 0.18—0.25
mm.
Holotype —(Cushman Coll. No. 11234.) From the upper Pliocene,
Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan. (Paratypes, Geological
Institute, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan.)
The present species resembles Gutiulina yamazaku found in the same
region in its elongated test composed of long chambers. However,
it has more slender chambers which are invariably but little removed
from the base, and the chambers are embracing and much more
strongly involute than those of G. yamazaki. The species is named
for the late Professor Kishinouyi, of Japan, whom we both claimed as
a friend.
Distribution.—Recent specimens are from Albatross dredgings,
China Sea, off Formosa, D5315, in 148 fathoms, and D5585 Sibuko
Bay, Borneo in 476 fathoms. It also occurred at Tuscarora 11, lat.
33° 46’ N., long. 140° 21’ EK. in 437 fathoms.
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 41
GUTTULINA BAILEY Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 9, figures 1, 2
Test large, ovate, broadly rounded at the base; chambers elongated,
especially the later ones, numerous, not much embracing, arranged
in a quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber removed farther
from the base in the early stage, but little in the later stage; sutures
depressed, but not very distinct; wall thick, smooth; aperture radiate.
Length 1.15-1.55 mm.; breadth 0.70—0.80 mm.; thickness 0.50-
0.60 mm.
Holotype —(Cat. No. 20951, U.'S.N.M.) From Albatross D2416, lat.
31° 26’ N., long. 79° 07’ W., in 276 fathoms off the southeastern
coast of the United States.
The present species is one of the largest among our collection of Poly-
morphinidae. Its early stage is just the same as Gutiulina problema,
but it has more numerous chambers, and the later chambers are much
elongated and often added in a spiral series. It may be interesting
to compare the present species with Sigmomorpha crassa, which is very
large and in its early stage resembles Gutiulina problema, but later the
chambers are more or less shortened and added in a sigmoid series
instead of a quinqueloculine series as in the present species. It is
named for Prof. J. W. Bailey, one of the early American workers on
the foraminifera.
Distribution —Besides the type loeality, we have material very
similar from Albatross D5151, 24 fathoms, Tawi Tawi Group,
Philippines.
GUTTULINA ROEMERI (Reuss)
Plate 9, figures 3 a—c
Globulina roemert Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855 (1856),
_ p. 245, pl. 6, fig. 63.
Gutiulina deformata Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855 (1856),
p. 245, pl. 6, fig. 64.
Polymorphina uvula Eager, Neues Jahrb. fir Min., Jahrg. 1857, p. 285,
pl. 10, figs. 26-29.
Guttulina dubia AWERINZEW, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, vol. 29,
No. 3, 1911, p. 19, pi., figs. 4 a—d.
Polymorphina deflera GrzyBpowski, Mikrofauna Karpackiego piaskowka
Z. Pod. Dukli Krakowie, 1894, p. 16, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2.
Polymorphina sororia CHAPMAN, Bull. Geol. Surv., W. Australia, No. 72,
1917, p. 34, pl. 10, fig. 92.
Test ovoid to oblong, almost roundiy triangular in the end view, the
greatest breadth above the middle, rounded at the base; chambers
inflated, oval, embracing, arranged in a nearly triserial series; sutures
slightly depressed, distinct; wall thick, smooth; aperture radiate.
Length 0.70-1.80 mm.; breadth 0.50-1.00 mm.; thickness 0.38-0.75
mm.
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
In its general aspect excepting for the depressed sutures, Gutiulina
roemert bears much resemblance to Globulina rotundata. It is not
difficult to separate them if one examines closely their earlier stages.
By taking off one chamber from such specimens as Globulina obtusa
or G. globosa figured by Bornemann, they are very close to Globulina
gibba. On the other hand, Guttulina roemeri is undoubtedly derived
from such a form as Guttulina problema by losing the quinqueloculine
arrangement of chambers and the chambers becoming more inflated
and embracing. The sutures, therefore, are always more or less
depressed.
Globulina roemeri figured by Reuss appears to us not to represent the
typical form of the species. Although its sutures are depressed, it
resembles Globulina rotundata in its general aspect.
Guttulina deformata described by Reuss in the same paper as the
above species, with its test almost triangular in the end view is close
to Grzybowski’s Polymorphina deflexa from the Miocene of Kurope.
Such a form as the latter is of the most common occurrence in
various deposits. In the synonymy of the present species, Egger’s
Polymorphina uvula may be placed with some doubts. Egger’s
specimens are apparently very variable, but they have invariably
triangular sections and the chambers are separated by the depressed
sutures and arranged in a nearly triserial series. Awerinzew’s Poly-
morphina dubia is close to the present species, the difference being
mainly in the one extra chamber, and is undoubtedly to be placed in
the synonymy of the present species.
Distribution.—Specimens referred to this species are in our collec-
tion from the following localities:
Recent.—Off Tripoli.
Pliocene.—Crag of Sutton, England.
Miocene.—Austria, Tortonian, Amphistegina marl of Grunes Kreuz,
Nussdorf, Vienna. France, Burdigalien moyen, Le Coquillat, Leog-
nan. United States, Choctawhatchee marl, Red Bay, Fla.
Oligocene.—Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel; Doberg, near Biinde.
Mexico, near Cuesta Blanca, Zacamixtle, Vera Cruz.
GUTTULINA ROEMERI (Reuss) var. GIGAS (Karrer)
Plate 9, figures 4 a—c
Polymorphina gigas Karrpr, Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichsanst, vol. 9, 1877,
p. 384, pl. 16 b, fig. 44.
Variety differing from the typical by the more compressed and
compact test and less depressed sutures with the apertural end more
tapering.
Length 0.75 mm.; breadth 0.38 mm.; thickness 0.35 mm.
Ozawa examined the original specimen in the Museum of Natural
History, Vienna, and found that the species is very close to Guttulina
art.6 FORAMINIFHERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—-CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 43
roemeri in its general aspects. We have three specimens from the
original locality: Tortonian, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, Vienna Basin,
Austria.
GUTTULINA LACTEA (Walker and Jacob)
Plate 10, figures 1-4
Serpula tenuis ovalis laevis WALKER and Jacos, Test. Min., 1784, p. 2, pl. 1,
fig. 5.
Sebuls lactea WALKER and Jacos (fide Kanmacher), Adams Essays, ed. 2,
1798, p. 634, pl. 14, fig. 4.
Polymor phina lactea WittIaAMson, Recent Foram. Gt. Britain, 1858, p. 70,
pl. 6, figs. 145-152_H. B. Brapy, Proc. Somerset Arch. Nat. Hist.
Soc., vol.13, 1865-66 (1867), p. 114, pl. 3, fig. 49 —H. B. Brapy, Parkur,
and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. 27, 1870, p. 213, pl. 39, figs. 1 a, b
(not 1 c).—TERQuEM, Essai Class. Anim. Dunkerque, 1875, p. 37, pl. 5,
fig. 12; 1876, p. 79, pl. 10, figs. 19, 20.—Bagaea, U.S. Geol. Survey, Bull.
518, 1912, p. 71, pl. 21, fig. 12 (not fig. 16 a, b)—CusHman, Bull. 104,
U.S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1928, p. 146, pl. 39, fig. 9 (not fig. 11).
Guttulina lactea Ozawa, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p.
36, pl. 6, figs. 6-10.
Guttulina deplanata Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855 (1856), p.
246, pl. 6, fig. 67.
Test ovate, rounded triangular in section, tapering but little,
rounded at the base; chambers elongate, somewhat compressed,
arranged in a contraclockwise, quinqueloculine series, often tending
to become a sigmoid series, each succeeding chamber very slightly
removed from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth,
translucent; aperture radiate.
Length 0.60-0.85 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.40 mm.; thickness 0.20—0.28
mm. .
This is the earliest figured species belonging to the family of the
Polymorphinidae, obtained in the sand of the seashore near Sandwich,
England. Although the figures are small and can be hardly con-
sidered as well drawn, and moreover, the description being very
simple, yet they are sufficient to show that the figured specimen has a
rather compressed test, the chambers of which are arranged in a
contraclockwise, quinqueloculine series, and in these respects it has
the same characters as one of the forms figured by Williamson in the
Foraminifera of Great Britain, 1858.2 Wilhamson’s other two
figures identified as Polymorphina lactea are different from Figure 147
in their acute initial end and biserial arrangement of later chambers.
They are similar to Polymorphina subcompressa d’Orbigny (= Poly-
morphina compressa d’Orbigny). Such a biserial Polymorphina is
also described by Fleming under the name of Vermiculwm lacteum as
early as 1822. Williamson’s figure is well drawn and was taken by
Brady, Parker, and Jones as a typical specimen representing Poly-
9 Pl. 6, fig. 147.
4A. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 77
morphina lactea in their monograph of the Genus Polymorphina.
They apparently fixed the species very well, but they placed many
different species in the synonymy of Polymorphina lactea, which led
later authors into confusion, and since the publication of their paper
the name Polymorphina lactea has been used very often, and accord-
ingly the species has been mistaken. Probably no other species in
Foraminifera has been more misunderstood than the present one.
We have examined shallow sea foraminiferal material obtained from
off England, Ireland, and Iceland and isolated many specimens
which ean be identified with Polymorphina lactea, which are tolerably
definite in their essential characters—ventricose test with depressed
sutures, the elongate chambers arranged in a contraclockwise, quin-
queloculine series—but often the test tends to become compressed by
losing the quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers, that is, the
later chambers have a tendency to be arranged in a sigmoid series.
Gutiulina deplanata, described by Reuss in 1856 from the upper
Oligocene of Cassel, Germany, is a compressed variety of the present
species. [t is rather common in the sand of Cassel, and we have
many specimens from Cassel which show the same range of variation
as does Gutiulina lactea in a series of Recent specimens.
Distribution.—This is one of the most common species found in the
shallow sea off England, Iceland, and Ireland. In the fossil state it
is not as common as in the Recent. We have the species from the
following localities:
Recent.—Ten miles off Glencoe, southwest Ireland, 53 fathoms;
Nymph Bank, south of Cork Harbor, Ireland, 52% fathoms; off
Bantry Bay, southwest Ireland, 100 fathoms; coast of Belgium;
Coast of Iceland; Labrador; bathing beach, Newport, R. I.; Dry
Tortugas, Fla., 18 fathoms; Montego Bay, Jamaica; Albatross D2112,
Caribbean, 15% fathoms; D2614, east coast United States, 16 fathoms;
D4856, coast of Japan, 898 fathoms; D5311, Philippines.
Phiocene.—Japan, Natsukawa, Province of Hchigo. Italy, Castel
Arquato. .
Méitocene—France, Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin de 1’Helise,
Saucats; Le Coquillat, Leognan.
Oligocene—Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel; Hildesheimer Wald,
Dickholzen, Hanover.
Hocene.—France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Boves); Lutetien moyen,
Grignon.
We
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA <0
GUTTULINA LACTEA (Walker and Jacob) var. EARLANDI Cushman and Ozawa, new variety
Plate 10, figure 5
Polymorphina concava JoNES (not Williamson), Foram. Crag, pt. 3, 1896,
p. 264, pl. 5, fig. 22—Hpron-ALLEN and Harianp, Journ. Roy. Mier.
Soe., 1909, p. 431, pl. 17, fig. 6.
Polymorphina lactea var. concava SipEBoTTOM, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit.
Philos. Soc., vol. 51, No. 9, 1907, p. 14, pl. 3, figs. 8, 9.
Variety differing from the typical in the attached character. it
holds to the short form seen in the early stages of G. lactea.
Distribution —From the records the variety has been found Recent
in the Mediterranean, in the Pliocene (Crag) of Sutton, England,
and at Selsey, England.
GUTTULINA SCHAFFERI Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 11, figures 1 a-c
Test oval, but little compressed; chambers more or less longer than
wide, arranged in a nearly quinqueloculine series, each succeeding
chamber removed from the base; sutures but little depressed, not
very distinct; wall ornamented by rather strong, uniformly distrib-
uted spines; aperture radiate.
Length of holotype 0.65 mm.; breadth 0.42 mm.; thickness 0.25
mm.
Holotype —(Cushman Coll. No. 11259.) From the Miocene, Tor-
tonian, Amphistegina marl of Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna,
_ Austria. (Paratypes, Geological Institute, Imperial University of
Tokyo, Japan.)
The shape of the test and the arrangement of chambers of the
present species are very similar to Guitulina deformata, but the
chambers are more slender and the surface is uniformly ornamented
by blunt spines. The specific name is given for Prof. F. X. Schaffer,
Director of the Geological and Paleontological Department of the
Museum of Natural History in Vienna.
Distribution —Specimens were collected from the Amphistegina
mari at Grunes Kreuz in the Vienna Basin.
GUTTULINA WOODSI Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 11, figures 2 a—c
Test fusiform, greatest breadth slightly above the middle; chain-
bers rather inflated, not much longer than broad, embracing, arranged
in a nearly quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber farther
removed from the base; sutures but little depressed, distinct; wall
rather thin, smooth; aperture produced, radiate.
Length 0.35 mm.; breadth 0.15 mm.; thickness 0.15 mm.
Holotype—(Cushman Coll. No. 11260.) From the Cretaceous,
lower Gault, of Barnwell Pit, Cambridge, England.
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
Guttulina woodst resembles the Cretaceous Guttulina elliptica,
described from Bohemia by Reuss, in its general outline, but Reuss’s
species is more or less compressed and the chambers are shorter. We
have some doubts about the arrangement of chambers of Reuss’s
species. .
The specific name is given for Doctor Woods of the Sedgwick
Museum of Cambridge, England.
GUTTULINA QUINQUECOSTA Cushman and Ozawa
Plate 11, figures 3 a-c
Guttulina quinquecosta CUSHMAN and Ozawa, MS. in Cushman and Valen-
tine, Contrib. Dept. Geol., Stanford Univ., vol. 1, 1930, p. 19, pl. 5,
figs. Ga-c.
Test oblong, greatest breadth above the middle, regularly tapering
toward the base which ends in a spine; chambers inflated, shghtly
longer than broad, not much embracing, arranged in a quinquelocu-
line series, each succeeding chamber removed farther from the base;
sutures depressed, generally distinct, especially those of the later
chambers; wall thick, smooth, ornamented at its basal portion with
five more or less strong costae starting from the caudal spine radiating
in five directions in accordance with the quinqueloculine arrangement
of chambers; aperture slightly produced, radiate.
Length 0.40-0.90 mm.; breadth 0.25—0.50 mm.; thickness 0.20—-0.40
mm.
Holotype —(Cushman Coll. No. 11930.) From off the Channel
Islands, Calif.
In its general outline it is similar to Guttulina yaber, but it is smaller
and invariably ornamented by five costae at its basal portion, as in
the case of Guttulina costatula, which is an entirely ornamented and
much smaller species.
Distribution.—It seems to be limited to the California coast, where
it occurs in the Pliocene and Pleistocene and also as a Recent species.
GUTTULINA PAALZOWI Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 11, figures 4 a, b
Test elongate fusiform, obtuse at. the initial end, acute at the
apertural end; chambers elongated but little inflated, much embrac-
ing, arranged in a quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber
farther removed from the base; sutures but little depressed, often
obscure; wall thick, smooth; aperture radiate.
Length 1.40-1.70 mm.; breadth 0.50-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.40-0.45
mm.
Holotype.-—(Cushman Coll. No. 11265.) From the Upper Creta-
ceous of Maastricht, Holland.
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE CUSHMAN AND OZAWA AT
The present species is one of the most elongated and slender forms
of Guttulina, and is comparable in its general outline to Pyrulina, but
its chambers are arranged in a nearly quinqueloculine series. It may
be considered to be an elongated, specialized form of the Cretaceous
Guitulina woodsi.
The species is named for Mr. Richard Paalzow, from whom the
Cretaceous material of Maastricht was obtained.
Distribution.—It is only known from the Upper Cretaceous mate-
rial from Maastricht where it is rather common.
GUTTULINA EMERSONI (Bagg)
Plate 11, figure 6
Polymorphina emersoni Baae, Bull. 88, U. 8. Geol. Survey, 1898, p. 60, pl. 6,
fig. 3—WetwieER, Geol. Survey New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, 1907,
p. 249, pl. 3, fig. 19.
We have no specimens comparable with the present species. Bagg’s
figure is not enough to give any definite idea of the species, and we
can not with certainty determine to what genus it belongs. It is
probably a Guttulina. If it is, it may be a young specimen having two
chambers or possibly three. Bageg’s description runs as follows:
“Test elongate oval, oral end acute, posterior obtusely rounded;
surface of test covered completely by fine longitudinal costae; cham-
bers two, elongated, oblique, separated by nearly straight septa
slightly marked near the posterior end, depressed at the peripheral
margin; aperture rotund.”
The type locality is from the Cretaceous, Monmouth formation,
Freehold, N. J., recorded as very rare.
GUTTULINA DAWSONI Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 12, figures 1, 2
Test elongated, the greatest breadth in the upper half, uniformly
tapering to the base; chambers elongated, more than three times as
long as wide, not much embracing, arranged in a contraclockwise,
quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber much farther re-
moved from the base; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wall rather
thin, smooth; aperture radiate.
Normal forms, length 0.90-1.00 mm.; breadth 0.33-0.38 mm.;
thickness 0.30—-0.35 mm.
Holotype—(Cushman Coll. No. 11267.) From Gaspé Bay,
Province of Quebec, Canada.
We also have specimens from Hudson Bay, bay on east coast, south
of Black Whale Harbor.
The present elongated species is somewhat similar to Guttulina
paalzowi from the Upper Cretaceous of Maastricht in the general
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
appearance, but its chambers are arranged in a contraclockwise series
instead of a clockwise series, as in G. paalzour. Moreover, its test has
the greatest breadth in the upper half, while G. paalzowi is elongated
fusiform.
The species is named for G. M. Dawson, one of the early workers
on American foraminifera.
GUTTULINA COSTULATA (Cushman)
Plate 12, figures 3 a, b
Polymorphina cuspidata H. B. Brapy var. costulata CusuMan, U. S. Geol.
Survey Prof. Paper 129-F, 1922, p. 133, pl. 81, fig. 1; Prof. Paper 133,
1923, p. 32.
Test elongate, fusiform, a strong spine at the base; chambers elon-
gated, inflated, not much embracing, arranged in a quinqueloculine
series, each succeeding chamber removed farther from the base;
sutures depressed, distinct; wall ornamented by strong, continuous,
bladelike costae rather widely separated from each other; aperture
radiate.
Length of holotype 0.70 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.
The present species is one of the most clearly marked species of
Guttulina. In its general outline, it resembles Guttulina pulchella
d’Orbigny from which it is easily distinguished by its strong bladelike
costae entirely covering the test and a large spine at the base.
Distribution.—Cushman reported it from the lower Oligocene, Mint
Spring marl, Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss. Specimens which
seem identical occur in the lower Pliocene of Beaumaris, near Mel-
bourne, Victoria, Australia.
As it occurs slightly earlier in the fossil series, this may be the
ancestral form of Pseudopolymorphina rutila, which in its earlier stages
is Gutiulina-like, but later becomes definitely a Pseudopolymorphina.
This is another of the interesting species connecting the lower Oligo-
cene of the United States with the late Tertiary and Recent faunas
of the Australian region.
GUTTULINA SEMICOSTATA (Marsson)
Plate 15, figures 8 a—c
Polymorphina semicostata Marsson, Mitth. Nat. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern. u.
Riigen, Jahrg. 10, 1878, p. 150, pl. 2, figs. 19 a-c.—F Ranke, Abhandl.
geol. pal. Instit. Univ. Greifswald, vol. 6, 1925, p. 78, pl. 6, fig. 21.
Polymorphina var. Wricut, Proc. Belfast Nat. Field Club, Appendix,
1885-86, p. 331, pl. 27, figs. 18, 14—Jonrs and Cuapman, Journ.
Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 25, 1896, p. 509, fig. 3 (in text).
Test globular, broadest above the middle, more or less obtuse at the
initial end; chambers rounded, much inflated, but little embracing,
arranged in a quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber
art.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 49
removed farther from the base; sutures much depressed, distinct;
wall partly ornamented by longitudinal costae independent of the
sutures; aperture radiate.
Polymorphina semicostata was first described by Marsson from the
uppermost Cretaceous of Riigen. His figures are apparently well
drawn, but seem to us not to give fully the details of the species,
especially as the arrangement of chambers is not drawn in sufficient
detail. Franke quite recently figured Marsson’s specimen. His
figure shows a nearly quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers char-
acteristic of Guttulina. Wright figures similar specimens from the
Cretaceous of Keady Hill, County Derry, Ireland. We have some
material from the Cretaceous of Rigen, but could not find any speci-
men like the present one, and accordingly Marsson’s figures are repro-
duced in the present paper.
Distribution—Only known from the Upper Cretaceous (upper
Senonian) of Rigen; very rare.
GUTTULINA SADOENSIS (Cushman and Ozawa)
Plate 37, figures 1, 2
Sigmomorpha sadoensis CUSHMAN and Ozawa, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.
Res., vol. 4, 1928, p. 17, pl. 2, fig. 11; Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6,
1929, p. 73, pl. 18, figs. 9-11; pl. 16, figs. 2—4.
Test more or less rhomboid, greatest breadth usually below the
middle, generally triangular in end view; chambers numerous, elon-
gate, two to three times as long as broad, varying considerably in the
amount of overlapping, some of the specimens with the chambers
almost extending down to the base, others with the chambers con-
siderably above the base and the last-formed chamber in the adult
often not reaching back more than halfway to the base of the test;
chambers arranged in a quinqueloculine series, often becoming sig-
moidal; sutures depressed, distinct; wall thick but translucent,
smooth; aperture radiate.
Length of holotype 0.83 mm.; breadth 0.50 mm.; thickness 0.36
mm.
The present species has rather slender, clavate chambers arranged
in a quinqueloculine series, which in later stages often tends to .
become sigmoidal. We took the present species as the genotype of
Sigmomorpha, but we think it better to include it in Guttulina. It
is an intermediate form between Gutiulina and Sigmomorphina.
Distribution.—It is only known from the Pliocene of Japan, at
Sawané, Island of Sado in the Sea of Japan, where it is very abundant.
921098 Osean
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
GUTTULINA (SIGMOIDINA) PACIFICA (Cushman and Ozawa)
Plate 37, figures 3-5
Sigmoidella (Sigmoidina) pacifica CusHMAN and Ozawa, Contr. Cushman
Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 4, 1928, p. 19, pl. 2, fig. 18; Jap. Journ. Geol.
Geogr., vol. 6, 1929, p. 77, pl. 16, figs. 12, 13.
Polymorphina elegantissima CHAPMAN (not H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones),
New Zealand Geol. Surv., Pal. Bull. No. 11, 1926, p. 67, pl. 138, fig. 10.
Test ovate, the greatest breadth below the middle, acuminate
toward the aperture; chambers elongated, more or less inflated,
arranged in either clockwise or contraclockwise, quinqueloculine
series, earlier chambers invisible from the exterior, each succeeding
chamber involves the earlier one; suture depressed, distinct; wall
smooth, rather thick; aperture radiate.
Measurements of the holotype specimen as follows: Length 0.76
mm.; breadth 0.53 mm.; thickness 0.31 mm.
Holotype.—(Cat. No. 20313, U.S.N.M.) From Albatross D5318,
China Sea near Formosa, 340 fathoms.
Distribution.—We also have specimens from the following:
Recent.—Albatross D5315, China Sea near Formosa, 148 fathoms;
from off Kobama, Sea of Japan; from off Terao Miura, Japan; off
Poor Knight’s Islands, New Zealand, 60 fathoms; off the Snares,
New Zealand.
Miocene.—Chuthulin, Batesford, Victoria, Australia.
GUTTULINA (SIGMOIDINA) SEGUENZANA (H. B. Brady)
Plate 37, figures 8, 9
Polymorphina seguenzana H. B. Brapy, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology,
vol. 9, 1884, p. 567, pl. 72, figs. 16, 17.
Test elongate, fusiform, compressed on three sides; broadest some-
what below the center, tapering gradually toward the apertural end
and somewhat more rapidly toward the opposite extremity, which
finishes in a sharp point; segments few in number, only three visible
externally, long, narrow, erect; surface smooth, sutures marked by
-fine lines without external depressions.
Length 1.6 mm.
The trifacial compression of the test, its acuminate initial end, and
the erect position of the segments are sufficient to distinguish the
species from its near allies.
This is an unusual species among the Polymorphinidae. It
appears to have a triserial arrangement of chambers like 7riloculina,
but both ends are acute. The above description is from Brady.
Distribution.—Very rare off the Ki Islands, southwest of New
Guinea, 129 fathoms; Port Jackson, New South Wales, 2-10 fathoms.
ant.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE—CUSHMAN AND OZAWA Ol
GUTTULINA (SIGMOIDINA) SILVESTRII Cushman and Ozawa, new species
Plate 37, figures 6, 7
Test almost circular in outline, much inflated in the central part,
periphery more or less angular; chambers elongated, arranged in
either clockwise or contraclockwise, quinqueloculine series, involute,
extra chamber short, inflated, not extending down to the base;
sutures very little depressed, distinct; wall smooth, rather thick;
aperture radiate.
Length 0.60-1.25 mm.; breadth 0.60-1.05 mm.; thickness 0.40-
0.65 mm.
Holotype —(Cushman Coll. No. 9863.) Krom the Miocene (Jan-
jukian), Filter quarry, Batesford, near Victoria, Australia.
It differs from Sigmoidina pacifica in its circular test, more angulate
peripheries and very slightly depressed sutures. It may be specially
noted here that when the present species has an extra chamber the
chamber is added in the same series as the arrangement of the earlier
ones, although it is much shorter and does not extend down to the
base. (See pl. 37, fig. 7a.) From this fact it is easily understood
that the species is not a young stage of Sigmovdella elegantissima.
Gutiulina disciformis, reported by Terquem from the Plhocene of
the Isle of Rhodes, is very similar to the present species and may
represent either a young stage or the megalospheric form of the species,
but it has a rounded periphery, and it may be possible that the speci-
men is the young of some other species, such as Sigmoidella elegan-
fissuma, which we found in the Miocene of Pontlevoy, France. There-
fore we do not like to place these specimens under such an ambiguous
species as G. disciformis.
The species is named for Prof. A. Silvestri of Milan.
Distribution. —Recent from Australia, New Zealand and the Philip-
pines; fossil in the Miocene of Australia. We have specimens from
the following localities:
Recent —Australia, Wool Bay, Yorkes Peninsula, west side of St.
Vincent Gulf, South Australia; Hardwick Bay, east side of Spencer
Gulf; New Zealand, Oamaru, 50 fathoms; off the Big King, 98 fathoms.
Miocene.—Australia, Janjukian, Filter quarries, Batesford, Victoria.
Genus PYRULINA 4d’Orbigny, 1826
PYRULINA GUTTA d’Orbigny
Plate 13, figures 1 a-c
Pyrulina gutta D’OrRBiaNy, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 267, No. 28,
model 30.—Ozawa, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929,
p. 39, pl. 6, figs. 4, 5.
Polymorphina gutta H. B. Brapy, Parkmr, and Jonres (not d’Orbigny),
Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. 27, 1870, p. 218, pl. 39, figs. 3a, b SHERBORN
and CHapman, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., ser. 2, vol. 6, 1886, p. 755, pl.
16, fig. 6[?].
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
Gyr
bO
Polymorphina clavata RomEMER, Neues Jahrb.f. Min., etc., 1838, p. 386, pl. 3,
fig. 38.
PAL amygdaloides CusHMAN (not Reuss), U. 8S. Geol. Survey
Prof. Paper 133, 1928, p. 32, pl. 4, fig. 9.
Test clavate, rounded at the base, tapering toward the apertural
end, margin entire; chambers rounded, embracing, arranged at first
in an almost triserial series, later tending to become biserial; sutures
not depressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate, pointed.
Length 0.50-0.60 mm.; breadth 0:18-0.25 mm.; thickness 0.18—
0.25 mm.
The original specimen (in paleontological department, Museum of
Natural History, Jardin des Plantes, Paris) is lost.
D’Orbigny’s figures represent the species fairly well, although his
basal view showing the arrangement of chambers is not well drawn as.
far as the figure of the side view is concerned. D’Orbigny’s specimen
was obtained from the Pliocene at Castel-Arquato. We have:
examined material from the same locality, but we could not obtain
any specimen resembling his species. The specimen figured here was.
found in the Eocene material from Wansin in Belgium, and the speci-
men is very much like d’Orbigny’s model in every respect. Our
specimen presents an arrangement of chambers not strictly triserial,.
at first somewhat triserial, but later tending to become biserial. As.
d’Orbigny’s original specimen is lost and his figure of the basal view
apparently is not well drawn, the figure showing the side view is the
only means of knowing how the chambers of d’Orbigny’s specimen
are arranged. Judging from his figure, at least the later chambers of
his species appear to be arranged in an almost biserial series, which
seems to be the usual arrangement in a group of elongate, cylindrical
Polymorphinidae.
D’Orbigny compared his species with Soldani’s Polymorphium.
pyryformium figured in the Testaceographia. Soldani’s specimen:
resembles Pyrulina gutia in its shape, but judging from the figure it
seems to have fewer chambers, and it may be considered to a be a
young stage of Pyrulina gutta, but it is characterized by a peculiar
sigmoid suture, in which point it is quite distinct, and therefore it is.
advisable not to place it in the synonymy of P. gutta.
On the other hand, Polymorphina (Globulina) clavata figured by
Roemer from the German middle Oligocene, considered from _his-
figure, very closely resembles Pyrulina gutta.
We have additional specimens from the Eocene of France, Lutetien.
of Grignon, Chaussy and Courtagnon; also from the Eocene, Brackle-
sham beds XVII and XVITI, White Cliff Bay, Isle of Wight, England.
80. From Jurassic, Kimmeridge
clay, Ely, England. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
. Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland). % 80. From Jurassic, lower Lias,
Chettenham, Gloucestershire, England. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
. Eoguttulina anglica Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. From Cretaceous,
Cambridge greensand, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England. a,
b, side views; c, basal view.
. Quadrulina rhabdogonioides (Chapman). 40. (After Chapman.) Cre-
taceous, lower Greensand, Bargate beds of Surrey, Littleton, England.
a, side view; 6, apertural view.
. Quadrulina frondicularioides (Chapman). XX 45. (After Chapman.)
Cretaceous, lower Greensand, Bargate beds of Surrey, Littleton,
England. a, side view; 6, apertural view.
. Quadrulina lagenalis (Terquem). (After Terquem.) Lower Lias, Quen-
leu-les-Metz, France. a, side view; 6, apertural view.
Guttulina bulloides (Reuss). > 30. From Miocene of Pontlevoy, France.
7, Young specimen. 8 a, b, side views; 8 ¢ basal view.
. Guttulina adhaerens (Olszewski). > 40. From Cretaceous, Chalkmazrl,
Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England. a. 6, side views; c,
basal view.
Guttulina bartschi Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. From Albatross
D5178, 78 fathoms off Romblon, Philippines. a, b, side views; c,
basal view.
146
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART.6 PL. 1
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 147
PLATE 2
All figures Guttulina problema d’Orbigny
Fries. 1, 2. From Pliocene, Castel Arquato, Italy. X 45. a, b, side views; c,
basal view.
3, 4. From Miccene, Burdigalien inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan, France.
x 35. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
5. From Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. 45.
6. From Cretaceous, Flysch, Austria. > 35. a, 6, side views; c, basal
view.
147
PLATE 3
Fies. 1. Gultulina problema d’Orbigny. > 45. Pliocene, Stazzano, Italy.
a, b, side views; c, basal view.
2, 3. Guttulina orientalis Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Pliocene, Sawane,
Island of Sado, Japan. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
4, 5. Guttulina irregularis (d’Orbigny). Miocene, Tortonian, A mphistegina
marl, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria. a, b, side views; c, basal
view. 4, adult. X 25. 5, young. X 35.
148
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART.6 PL. 3
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPHINIDAE
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 149.
o>
oJ
PLATE 4
. Guttulina frankei Cushman and Ozawa. 45. Middle Oligocene,
Sdllingen, Germany. a, 6, side views; c, basal view.
. Guttulina trigonula (Reuss). > 80. Cretaceous, Lower Gault, Cam-
bridge Brickyard, Cambridge, England. a, b, side views; c, basal
view. .
. Guttulina austriaca d’Orbigny. 45. Miocene, brickyard of Baden,
near Vienna, Austria. 3, 4, early stages. 5, adult. a, 6, side
views; c, basal view.
. Guttulina yabet Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Pliocene, Sawané,
Island of Sado, Japan. 6a, b, side views of young specimen. 7,
adult, a, side view; b, basal view.
149
Puate 5
Fies. 1, 2. Guttulina spicaeformis (Roemer). > 45. Oligocene, Diisseldorf,
Germany. a, b, side views; c, basal view. ;
3. Guttulina spicaeformis (Roemer) var. australis (d’Orbigny). > 45.
Recent, off Loggerhead Key, Dry Tortugas, Fla., 18 fathoms.
a, b, side views; c, basal view. ,
4-6. Guttulina hantkent Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Eocene, New
Jersey. 4a, early stage; b, adult. 6, holotype. Kleinzeller near
Ofen, Hungary. Adult.
7. Guttulina pulchella d’Orbigny. > 45. Recent, off Loggerhead Key,
Dry Tortugas, Fla., 18 fathoms. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
150
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART.6 PL.6
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 151.
Fies. 1, 2.
PLATE 6
Guttulina regina (H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones). 45. 1, young
specimen from Newcastle Beach, New South Wales. 2, adult
from off Tawi Tawi Group, Philippines, 34 fathoms. a, b, side views;
c, basal view.
. Guttulina costatula Galloway and Wissler. XX 65. Pleistocene,
Lomita Quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, California. a, side view; },
basal view.
. Guttulina caudata d’Orbigny. X 80. 4, young specimen, Eocene,
Lutetien moyen, Grignon, France. 5, older specimen, Eocene,
Lutetien, Vaudancourt, France. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
. Guttulina adhaerens (Olszewski) var. cuspidata Cushman and Ozawa,
n. var. X 45. Cretaceous, chalk marl, Folkestone, England.
Guttulina adhaerens (Olszewski). 45. Cretaceous, chalk marl,
Folkestone, England. a, side view; 6, basal view.
. Guttulina praelonga (Egger). 35. Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, near
Cassel, Germany.
. Guttulina guttiformis(Terquem). > 45. Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur,
Le Coquillat, Leognan, France. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
151
PLATE 7
Fias. 1, 2. Guttulina irregularis (d’Orbigny). > 45. Early stages, middle
Oligocene, Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany. a, 6, side views;
c, basal view.
3. Guttulina irregularis d’Orbigny var. nipponensis Cushman and
Ozawa,n.var. 45. Upper Pliocene, Okuwa, Province of Kaga,
Japan. a, 6, side views; c, basal view.
4, 5. Guttulina jarvisi Cushman and Ozawa. X 30. Eocene, Cipero
section, Trinidad, British West Indies. 4, young. 5, adult. a, b,
side views; c, basal view.
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PLATE 8
Fies. 1, 2. Guttulina lehneri Cushman and Ozawa. X 85. Eocene, San Fer-
2, adult.
nando, Trinidad, British West Indies. 1, young, De
Holotype.
3, 4. Guttulina yamazakit Cushman and Ozawa.
Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan.
tros D4807, off Japan. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
5, 6. Guttulina kishinowyi Cushman and Ozawa. X 40. Upper Pliocene,
Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan. 5, holotype. 6, paratype.
a, b, side views; c, basal view.
927,09 30 ——— 1h
< 35. 3, upper Pliocene,
4, holotype, from Alba-
153
PLATE 9
Fiaes. 1, 2. Guttulina baileyi Cushman and Ozawa. 30. 1, Holotype, Albatross
D2416, coast of Carolina, 276 fathoms. 2, Albatross D5151, off
Tawi Tawi Group, Philippines, 24 fathoms. a, b, side views;
c, basal view.
3. Guttulina roemeri (Reuss). X 45. Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, near
Cassel, Germany. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
4. Guttulina roemeri (Reuss) var. gigas (Karrer). > 60. Miocene, Tor-
tonian, Amphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna,
Austria. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
154
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PLatTE 10
Fias. 1-4. Guttulina lactea (Walker and Jacob). 1, copied from Walker and
Jacob’s original figure. 2-4, from off Bantry Bay, southwest
Ireland, 3714 fathoms. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
5. Guttulina lactea (Walker and Jacob) var. earlandi Cushman and Ozawa,
n. var. X 65. Selsey Bill, England (After Heron-Allen and Ear-
land).
6, 7. Pseudopolymorphina variata (Jones, Parker, and H. B. Brady) var.
fischeri (Terquem). 6, adult. Pliocene, Crag, Sutton, England.
< 30. 7, young. a,b, side views; c, basal view. 45. Miocene,
Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin de |’Eglise, Saucats, France.
155
Fig. 1.
6.
PuatTeE 11
Guttulina schafferi Cushman and Ozawa. 45. Tortonian, Amphi-
stegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria. a, 6,
side views; c, basal view.
. Guttulina woodst Cushman and Ozawa. XX 80. Cretaceous, lower Gault,
Barnwell pit, Cambridge, England.
. Guttulina quinquecosta Cushman and Ozawa. 45. Phocene, Timms
Point, San Pedro, Calif. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
Guttulina paalzowi Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Cretaceous, Maas-
tricht, Holland. a, side view; 6, basal view.
Guttulina regina (H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones) var. crassicostata
Cushman and Ozawa. 45. Lower Pliocene, Beaumaris, near Mel-
bourne, Victoria, Australia. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
Guttulina emersoni (Bagg). 25. (After Bagg.)
156
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPHINIDAE
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i
Ce
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 157.
Wns, Wy A.
PuaTE 12
Guttulina dawsont Cushman and Ozawa. 35. Gaspé Bay.
1, holotype. 2, abnormally large specimen occurring with the
typical form. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
Guttulina costulata (Cushman). 80. Lower Oligocene, Mint
Spring marl, Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss. a, side view;
b, basal view. ;
. Pyrulina labiata (Schwager). > 45. Pliocene, Fiji. a, side view;
b, basal view.
. Pyrulina extensa (Cushman). 45. Pacific. a, Nero 1063, 1,884
fathoms. 6, Nero 2061, 1,670 fathoms. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
. Globulina prisca Reuss. 65. Cretaceous, Cambridge greensand,
Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England. a, 6, side views;
c, basal view.
157
Puate 13
Fig. 1. Pyrulina gutta d’Orbigny. X 45. Lowest Eocene, Wansin, Belgium.
a, b, side views; c, basal view.
2. Pyrulina vicksburgensis (Cushman). X 80. Lower Oligocene, Mint
Spring marl, at waterfall in Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss.
a, b, side views; c, basal view.
3-8. Pyrulina fusiformis (Roemer). > 45. Upper Oligocene. 3-5, Ahnatal,
near Cassel, Germany. 3, 4, early stages. 5, adult. 6, young. Creta-
ceous, chalk marl, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England. 7, 8,
Miocene. Tortonian, brickyard at Baden, near Vienna, Austria.
158
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FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 159.
PLATE 14
Fies. 1-5. Pyrulina cylindroides (Roemer). 1, * 45. Middle Oligocene, Herms-
dorf, near Berlin, Germany. 2, * 80. Cretaceous, lower Gault,
Barnwell pit, Cambridge, England. 3, 45. Upper Oligocene,
Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. 4, * 45. a, Cretaceous, upper
Senonian, Dasbeck; b, Hanover, Westphalia, Germany. 5, 45.
Fistulose form, Cretaceous, Cambridge greensand, Saxon Cement
Works, Cambridge, England.
6. Pyrulina thouini (d’Orbigny). 45. Eocene, Lutetien moyen, Grig-
non, France. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
7. Pyrulina acuminata d’Orbigny. X 45. Cretaceous, Craie blanc,
Bougival, France. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
159
Fiaes. 1-3.
10.
160
Puate 15
Pyrulina albatrossi Cushman and Ozawa. 1, X 25. Albatross D2160,
167 fathoms, off Cuba. 2,3, * 65. Albatross D2756, 417 fathoms,
off Brazil. 3, with an extra chamber.
. Pyrulina reticulosa Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Off Japan, Albatross
D4882, 248 fathoms. a, side view; b, basal view.
. Globulina rotundata (Bornemann) var. pyrula (Fornasini). X 35.
(After type figure.) Pliocene, Siena, Italy.
. Globulina glacialis Cushman and Ozawa. 65. Pleistocene, glacial
clay, north side of the glen, near Montreal, Canada. 6, holotype,
with an extra chamber. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
. Guttulina semicostata (Marsson). 30. (After Marsson.) a, b, side
views; c, apertural view.
. Globulina landesi (G. D. Hanna and M. A.Hanna). X65. Recent, off
Kobama, Province of Echizen, Japan. a, side view; b, basal view.
Globulina dentimarginata (Chapman). X 40. (After Chapman.) a,
outer surface; 6, attached side.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART.6 PL. 15
a
Zs KX
80. Eocene, Bracklesham bed XVIII,
White Cliff Bay, Isle of Wight, England. a, 6, side views; c, basal
view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 6 PL. 19
ae
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 164.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 6 PL. 20
5G
[EMER Des RV sree Se
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 165.
PLATE 20
. Globulina fleca Cushman and Ozawa. 45. Upper Oligocene,
Doberg, near Biinde, Germany. a, 6, side views; c, basal view.
. Globulina exserta (Berthelin). * 45. Cretaceous, chalk marl, Folke-
stone, England. a, 6b, side views; c, basal view.
. Globulina minuta (Roemer). 3, * 45. Oligocene, Diisseldorf, Ger-
many. 4, X 65. Middle Oligocene, Hermsdorf, near Berlin,
Germany.
Globulina granulosa Egger. 45. Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur,
Moulin de |’Eglise, Saucats, France.
Globulina gibba d’Orbigny var. myristiformis (Williamson). 80.
Beach, Lido, Venice, Italy. a, side view; b, basal view.
Globulina granulosa Egger (?). ™X 45. Miocene, Burdigalien, St.
Paul de Dax, near Bordeaux, France. a, 6, side views; c, basal
view.
165
PuatTeE 21
Fig. 1. Globulina granulosa Egger var. polita (Terquem.) 45. Miocene,
Tortonian, Strebersdorf, Bisamberg, Austria. a, b, side views;
c, basal view.
2. Globulina gravis (Karrer). > 35. Cretaceous, upper Senonian, Maas-
tricht, Holland.
3, 4. Globulina rotundata (Bornemann). XX 35. 38, middle Oligocene,
Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany. 4, upper Oligocene, Ahnatal,
near Cassel, Germany.
5. Globulina ampla (Karrer). 45. Cretaceous, upper Senonian,
Stemmerberg, Westphalia, Germany.
6. Globulina consobrina (Fornasini). 45. Miocene, Tortonian, Grunes
Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria.
166
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 166.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM - PROCEEDINGS, VOL,..77, ART.6 PL. 22
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 167.
PLATE 22
Fias. 1, 2. Globulina triserialis Cushman and Ozawa. X°45. 1, Miocene,
Helvetien, Moulin du Minoy, Salles, France. 2, Burdigalien
inferieur, Moulin de l’Eglise, Saucats, France.
3. Globulina miinstert (Reuss). > 65. Middle Oligocene, Doberg, near
Biinde, Germany.
4. Globulina species. X 35. Porcupine Station 16, Eastern Atlantic.
5, 6. Pseudopolymorphina ligua (Roemer). X 30. 5, upper Oligocene,
Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. 6, Pliocene, Crag, Sutton, Eng-
land.
167
PLATE 23
Figs. 1, 2. Pseudopolymorphina novangliae (Cushman). X 35. Off eastern
coast United States. 2, Fistulose form.
3. Pseudopolymorphina suboblonga Cushman and Ozawa. X_ 35.
Upper Pliocene, Okuwa, Province of Kaga, Japan. a, 6, side
views; c, basal view.
4. Pseudopolymorphina suboblonga Cushman and Ozawa var. jugosa
Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Recent, off Kobama, Japan.
a, side view; b, basal view.
5. Pseudopolymorphina striata (Bagg). X 35. Miocene, Choptank
formation, 1 mile above Governor Run, Chesapeake Bay, Md.
€-8. Pseudopolymorzhina soldanii (d’Orbigny). > 35. 6, upper Oligocene,
Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. 7, 8, Pliocene, Crag noir, Ant-
werp, Belgium.
168
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART.6 PL. 23
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
’
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 168.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 6 PL. 24
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 169.
Fic. 1.
6-8.
PuLatTe 24
Pseudopolymorphina hanzawai Cushman and Ozawa. X 25. Upper
Pliocene, Sawane, Island of Sado, Japan. a, side view; b, basal
view.
. Pseudopolymorphina atlantica Cushman and Ozawa. XX 35. Alba-
tross D 2416, East coast, United States. a, side view; 6b, basal
view.
. Pseudopolymor phina phalerope: Cushman and Ozawa. 45. Recent,
Woods Hole Region. a, side view; b, apertural view.
. Pseudopolymorphina parva (Clodius).. (After Clodius.)
Pseudopolymor phina doanei (Galloway and Wissler). > 25. Pliocene,
Timms Point, San Pedro, Calif. a, b, side views.
Pseudopolymorphina decora (Reuss). > 45. Miocene, Burdigalien
inferieur, Moulin de |’Eglise, Saucats, France. a, b, side views;
c, apertural view.
92 109= Ose 169
fe
170
PauttTEe 25
. Pseudopolymorphina dumblei (Cushman and Applin). > 65. Eocene
Jacksonian, Bridge Creek, 1% miles above Angelina River, Tex.
3. Pseudopolymorphina okuwaensis Cushman and Ozawa. > 45.
Upper Pliocene, Okuwa, Province of Kaga, Japan. a, side view;
b, apertural view.
. Pseudopolymorphina ishikawaensis Cushman and Ozawa. X 35.
Upper Pliocene, Okuwa, Province of Kaga, Japan. a, side view;
b, apertural view.
. Pseudopolymorphina zeuschneri (Reuss). > 45. Miocene, Tortonian
sand, Varpolata, Hungary. a, b, side views; c, apertural view.
. Pseudopolymorphina ishikawaensis Cushman and Ozawa. X 25.
Upper Pliocene, Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan. a, side
view; b, apertural view.
Pseudopolymor phina indica (Cushman). 35. Albatross D5579, off
Sibuko Bay, Borneo.
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Fias. 1, 2.
PLATE 26
Pseudopolymorphina indica (Cushman) var. japonica Cushman and
Ozawa. 1, X 25. Recent, Albatross D4807, 44 fathoms, off Cape
Tsiuka, Japan. 2, < 35. Miocene, specimen doubtfully belong-
ing here (=P. costata Allix), Pontlevoy, France. a, b, side views.
Pseudopolymorphina rutila (Cushman). 65. Lower Oligocene,
Byram marl, Leaf River, Miss. a, side view; 6, basal view.
. Pseudopolymorphina paucicostata Cushman and Ozawa. 45.
Eocene, Midwayan, Texas.
. Pseudopolymorphina variata (Jones, Parker, and H. B. Brady). 30.
5, Pliocene, Crag,, Sutton, England. 6, Miocene, Helvetian,
Pontlevoy, France.
. Pseudopolymorphina variata (Jones, Parker, and H. B. Brady) var.
fischeri (Terquem). % 25, 7, Pliocene, Crag, Sutton, England.
a, side view; 6b, basal view. 8, Miocene, Helvetian, Pontlevoy,
France. a, side view; b, apertural view.
171
Fig. il.
172
PLATE 27
Pseudopolymor phina ovalis Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Miocene,
Tortonian, Brickyard at Baden, near Vienna, Austria. a, b, side
views; c, basal view.
. Pseudopolymorphina obscura (Roemer). X 12. Upper Oligocene,
Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. a, side view; b, apertural view.
. Pseudopolymorphina curta Cushman and Ozawa. X 60. Recent,
Casco Bay, Me. 32 fathoms. a, side view; b; basal view.
. Pseudopolymorphina spatulata (Terquem). . X 35. 4, Miocene, Aqui-
tanian superieur, St. Avit, near Mont de Marsan, France. Young.
5, Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan, France.
Adult. a, side view; b, apertural view; c, basal view.
. Pseudopolymorphina dollfussi Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. 6, holo-
type, Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan,
France. a, side view; b, apertural view. 7, Miocene, Aquitanian
superieur, St. Avit, near Mont de Marsan, France. a, side view;
b, apertural view.
Pseudopolymor phina dollfussi Cushman and Ozawa var. tenuistriata
Cushman and Ozawa. 45.- Miocene, St. Paul de Dax, near
Bordeaux, France. a, side view; b, apertural view.
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FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 173
Fig. 1.
PuatTE 28
Pseudopolymorphina jonesi Cushman and Ozawa. X 25. Miocene, St.
Paul de Dax, near Bordeaux, France. a, 6, side views; c, basal view.
. Pseudopolymorphina subcylindrica (Hantken). % 35. Miocene, Torto-
nian, Amphistegina marl, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria. a, b, side
views; c, basal view.
Pseudopolymorphina digitata (d’Orbigny). 35. Cretaceous, upper
Senonian, Maastricht, Holland. a, side view; 6, apertural view.
. Pseudopolymorphina leopolitana (Reuss). > 35. Cretaceous, Cambridge
greensand, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England. a, b, side
views; c, basal view.
. Paleopolymorphina pleurostomelloides (Franke). X 65. Cretaceous,
lower Cenomanian, Tecklenberg, Westphalia, Germany. a, side view;
b, apertural view.
. Paleopolymorphina gaultina (Berthelin). 80. Cretaceous, Gault,
Folkestone, England. a, side view; 6, basal view.
. Pseudopolymorphina mendezensis:(White). > 45. Upper Cretaceous,
Navarro formation, clay pit at Corsicana, Tex. Various stages in
development; 6, basal view.
173
8.
i);
PLatTE 29
Pyrulina velascoensis (Cushman). X 65. Cretaceous, Velasco shale,
Hacienda El Limon, west of Panuco, Mexico. a-—c, side views.
Pseudopolymor phina subnodosa (Reuss). (After Reuss.)
. Pseudopolymorphina incerta (Egger). > 45. Miocene, Burdigalien infe-
rieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan, France. a, side view; 6, basal view.
. Pseudopolymorphina ovalis Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Miocene, Tor-
tonian, Amphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Aus-
tria. a, 6, side views; c, basal view.
Polymorphina burdigalensis d’Orbigny. X 45. Miocene, Burdigalien
inferieur, Moulin de |’ Eglise, Saucats, France. a, b, side views; c, basal
view.
Polymorphina fornasinia Cushman and Ozawa. 40. Recent, off Tri-
poli. a, side view; b, outline of end view.
Polymorphina incavata Stache. 15. (After Stache.) a, side view;
b, apertural view.
174
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART.6 PL. 29
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPHINIDAE
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U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 6 PL: 30
Pes
A, eo 4
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 175.
Fies. 1-3.
10.
11.
PLATE 30
Polymorphina subrhombica Reuss. % 25. Eocene, Vincentown, N. J.
b, apertural view.
. Polymorphina aculeata d’Orbigny. (After d’Orbigny.)
. Polymorphina longistriata Cushman and Ozawa. X 25. (After Bur-
rows and Holland.) Eocene, Thanetian, Pegwell Bay, England.
. Polymorphina parallela Millett. > 90. (After Millett.) Pliocene,
St. Erth, England.
. Polymorphina allent Cushman and Ozawa. X 60. Eocene, Brackle-
sham bed XVII, White Cliff Bay, Isle of Wight, England. a, side
view; b, outline of end view.
. Polymorphina cushmant Plummer. 25. Eocene, Midwayan, 514
miles due south and very slightly west of Littig, Tex. a, side view;
b, apertural view.
. Polymorphina complanata d’Orbigny. 35. Miocene, Tortonian,
Amphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria.
a, side view; b, apertural view.
Polymorphina advena Cushman. X 80. Lower Oligocene, Mint
Spring marl, at waterfall in Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss.
a, side view; 6b, apertural view.
Polymorphina frondea (Cushman). > 80. Lower Oligocene, Byram
marl, Byram, Miss. a, front view; 6, apertural view.
175
Fias. 1-6.
176
PLATE 31
Polymor phina charlottensis Cushman. 1, Pliocene, Timms Point, San
Pedro, Calif. > 25. a, 6, side views; c, apertural view. 2-6,
upper Pliocene, Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan, showing
early stages in development. X 45.
. Polymorphina lingulata Stache. 20. (After Stache.) a, front
view; 6, end view.
. Polymorphina schlumbergeri Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Miocene,
Aquitanian superieur, St. Avit, near Mont de Marson, near
Bordeaux, France. a, side view; 6, apertural view.
. Polymorphina howchint Cushman and Ozawa. X 25. Lower Plio-
cene, McDonald’s, Muddy Creek, Hamilton, Victoria, Australia.
a, side view; b, basal view.
. Polymorphina frondiformis Searles Wood. X 25. Pliocene, Crag
Sutton, England. a, side view; b, apertural view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 6 PL. 31
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FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 177.
Fic. 1.
4, 5.
PLATE 32
Sigmomorphina nystt (Reuss). 45. Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur,
Le Coquillat, Leognan, France. a, side view; 6, apertural view.
. Sigmomorphina jacksonensis (Cushman). X 35. Eocene, Ocala
limestone, loose blocks along road near Blue Springs, Jackson
County, Fla. a, side view; 6, basal view.
. Sigmomorphina jacksonensts (Cushman) var. costifera (Cushman).
x 35. Eocene, Jacksonian, Barnwell County,8.C. a, side view;
b, apertural view.
Sigmomorphina chapmant (Heron-Allen and LEarland). 20.
(After Heron-Allen and Earland.) Filter quarry, Batesford, Vic-
toria, Australia.
. Sigmomorphina nuttali Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Eocene,
Mount Moriah beds, yellow sandy clay overlying orbitoidal lime-
stone, Vistabella quarry, Trinidad, British West Indies. a, side
view; b, apertural view.
. Sigmomorphina flintii (Cushman). 25. Off Atlantic coast of
Carolina, 440 fathoms. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
. Sigmomorphina pseudoregularis Cushman and Thomas. 25.
Eocene, 17% miles south of Palestine Road on Grapeland Road, first
creek crossed by fording north of Grapeland, Houston County, Tex.
a, b, side views; c, apertural view.
92709—30—— 14 177
ine: il,
6.78
PLATE 33
Sigmomorphina regularis (v. Minster). > 12. Upper Oligocene,
Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. a, side view; b, basal view.
. Sigmomorphina frondiculariformis (Galloway and Wissler). > 36.
Pliocene, Timms Point, San Pedro, Calif. a, side view; b, basal view.
. Sigmomorphina torta (Galloway and Wissler). X 45. Pleistocene,
Lomita quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, Calif.
. Sigmomor phina semitecta (Reuss) var. terquemiana (Fornasini). 4, Plio-
cene, Castel Arquato, Italy. > 80. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
5, Eocene, Lutetian, middle bed, Grignon, France. 80.
Sigmomorphina semitecta (Reuss). > 65. Miocene, Burdigalien in-
ferieur, de |’Eglise, Saucats, France. a, 6, side views. 7, young.
178
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 6 PL. 33
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
’
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 178.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART.6 PL. 34
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 179.
PuaTe 34
. Sigmomorphina schwageri (Karrer). > 25. Miocene, Burdigalien
inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan, France. a, b, side views; c,
apertural view.
. Sigmomorphina semitecta (Reuss) var. terquemiana (Fornasini). 2,
Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin de 1’ Eglise, Saucats, France.
x 65. 3, Pliocene, Castel Arquato, Italy. 60.
. Sigmomorphina undulosa (Terquem). X 65. From Lord Bandon
dredgings, off S.W. Ireland. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
. Sigmomorphina lamarcki Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Eocene,
Lutetien, Campbon, France. a, 6, side views; c, basal view.
179
180
Puate 35
. Sigmomor phina semitecta (Reuss) var. terquemiana (Fornasini). < 35.
Gulf of Sidra.
. Sigmomorphina pearceyi Cushman and Ozawa. 2, holotype. Recent,
Dry Tortugas, Fla., 10 fathoms. 80. 38, Eocene, Bartonian,
Val di Lonte, Italy. X 45. a, side view; b, basal view.
. Sigmomorphina crassa (Roemer). X 25. Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal,
near Cassel, Germany.
. Sigmomorphina schencki Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Oligocene,
Keasey shale, 1 mile below Keasey post office, Rock Creek, Colum-
bia County, Oreg. a, side view; 6, basal view.
. Sigmomorphina kotot Cushman and Ozawa. 45. Upper Pliocene,
Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan. a, side view; b, basal view.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART.6 PL. 35
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
ee
Ce
We
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 180.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 6 PL. 26°
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 181.
PuatTe 36
Fias. 1, 2. Stgmomorphina trinitatensis Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Hermi-
tage quarry, Dumfries Road, Trinidad.
3. Sigmomorphina bornemanni Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Middle
Oligocene, Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany. a, side view; b, basal
view.
4. Sigmomorphina gallowayi Cushman and Ozawa. 45. Albatross
D4807, off Japan. a, side view; b, basal view.
5. Sigmomorphina trilocularis (Bagg). X 45. Albatross D4807, off
Japan.
6. Stgmomorphina yokoyamai Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Upper
Pliocene, Island of Sado, Japan. a, side view; b, basal view.
181
PLATE 37
Fras. 1, 2. Guttulina sadoensis (Cushman and Ozawa). 45. Upper Pliocene,
Sawane, Island of Sado, Japan. a,b, side views; c, basal view.
3-5. Guttulina (Sigmoidina) pacifica (Cushman and Ozawa). 35. Alba-
tross D5318, Philippines. a, 6, side views; c, basal view.
6, 7. Guttulina (Sigmoidina) silvestrii Cushman and Ozawa. 6, Miocene,
Janjukian, Filter quarry, Batesford, Victoria, Australia. 35.
7, Van Dieman’s Inlet, Gulf of Carpenteria, Queensland, Australia,
10 fathoms. a, side view; 6, basal view.
8, 9. Guttulina (Sigmoidina) seguenzana (H. B. Brady). 30. (After
H. B. Brady.) Recent, off Ki Islands, Pacific.
182
‘U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 6 PL. 37
,
>
a
*
.
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 182.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 6 PL. 38
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 183.
Figs.
5-7.
PLaTE 38
. Sigmomorphina sawanensis (Cushman and Ozawa). X 45. Upper
Pliocene, Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan. a, side view;
b, basal view.
. Sigmomorphina vaughani Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Eocene,
Cooper marl, Cooper River, 8. C. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
. Sigmomorphina williamsoni (Terquem). X 45. Recent, coast of
Belgium. a, side view; b, basal view.
. Sigmomorphina williamsoni (Terquem). X 65. Recent, coast of
Belgium. a, b, side views; c, basal view.
Sigmomorphina concava (Williamson). > 80. 5, Recent, coast of
Belgium. 6, Recent, off island of Delos, Mediterranean, 10
fathoms. 7, Pliocene, Monte Mario, near Rome, Italy. a,‘side
view; b, basal view.
. Sigmomorphina aliceae Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Albatross
D4805, coast of Japan. a, side view; b, basal view.
183
Fies. 1.
184
PLATE 39
Sigmoidella elegantissima (Parker and Jones). 25. Albatross
D5178. Recent, Philippines. a, b side views; c, basal view.
. Sigmoidella kagaensis Cushman and Ozawa. 25. 2, Albatross
D4807, off Japan. 5, off Kobama, Japan. a, side view; b, basal
view.
. Sigmoidella plummerae Cushman and Ozawa. X 60. Hocene, Cooks
Mountain formation, Smithville, Tex. a, side view; 6b, basal view.
. Sigmoidella margaretae Cushman and Ozawa’ X 65. Recent, off
Terao Miura, Japan.
. Pseudopolymorphina obscuricostata (Galloway and Wissler)(?). X 75.
Pleistocene, Lomita: quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, Calif.
- U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 6. PL. 39
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 184.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 6. PL. 40
FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 185.
PLateE 40
. Glandulina laevigata d’Orbigny. X 45. Miocene, Baden, Vienna
Basin, Austria. a, side view; 6, basal view.
Glandulina reussi Cushman and Ozawa. X 80. Oligocene, Pietz-
puhl, Germany. a, side view; b, basal view.
. Glandulina dimorpha (Bornemann). X 45. 3, Upper Oligocene,
Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. 4, 5, Miocene, Tortonian,
Amphistegina marl, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria.
Guttulina yabet Cushman and Ozawa var. ovale Cushman and Ozawa.
x 45. Upper Pliocene, Sawane, Island of Sado, Japan.
92709—30—— 15 185
INDEX
Page
aculeata, Polymorphina_____-------------_-- 115
acuminata, Polymorphina ___------------_-- 58
(Byrne) eee 58
iby rilinat a eee se A wos = Ree ee 58
acuminatus, Psecadium_-_-_-_----------------- 144
OME), CHO MOWUb IMR ee a eee 64
Polymorphinaes2=s-22—— 2222-2 33, 64, 73, 83
adhaerens, var. cuspidata, Guttulina___-____ 37
(Ghurt tullamaee he eee ee 36
olan On kim ae eee ee 36
advena, Polymorphina-_-_------------------- 118
Ae CUAliSas Gl Ob wlinawenwe naan eee ee eee oe 64
Polymorphina gibba, var____--____- 64
All abrOSSieelesy ULI aes eee 58
aliceae, Sigmomorphina____------------------ 139
Alleninseolyamornphinal se. see eee eee 116
amoena, Polymorphina_--_------------------- 89
am pla Glob Ulin ass sees ee ew ee 84
PON Oobbaey 22 es 55, 84
amiplectensw Globulimas: 22-225 5-2 == 2 60, 7
eronjooulka, Caloloybiiioe oe eee 79
ohyvan' Grp hin aes a ee 79
eibpaavaieere ose a= 79
amygdaloides, Globulina____-___-_------___- 73
var. lepida, Polymorphina______ 110
Polymorphina ____ 52, 73, 85, 129, 131
var. terquemiana, Polymor-
TOMA ee Se Beet a Ss ae OY a eee 129
ANCE PS wEOlyMOTphinasens se eh eee 126
anglicalsHogutiulinass asc Ses ss asses eee 16
angusta, Guttulina austriaca, var__-----_____ 37
2olhymMooyonoey. SS ee = 55
(Globulina) -________ 37
asperella, Polymorphina__________--_-_-__--_ 75
aspenulanGlobulingsee= =] = 68
atlantica, Pseudopolymorphina______________ 94
Aulostomella pediculus___________-_--_--_---- 79
australisy Globulinalss) 22 eet ee ne
Guttulina spicaeformis, var________ 32
2 Olid OF; ln) eee ee mn 32
auStriaca, var. angusta, Guttulina___________ 37
(Geum bub aes neta os Cet se eee 29
var. io, Polymorphina____________. 31
louie yal, Crmaqplitoe os ee ee eee 41
DAartsChivs Guth ulim aes ee ee ee 23
\biserialis, Polymorphina_______-__-______-___- 119
1SXONlityabovey wove ye ee ee 118
bornemanni, Sigmomorphina_______________ 134
brevis, Polymorphina frondiformis, var______ 68
bucculenta, Polymorphina___________________ 80
1Puibboabaey Comp ee ee 95
bulloides, Globulina__________-___-_-___-___- 23
Guttulinasss es Sea ee 23
burdigalensis, var. lequilensis, Polymorphina 113
olyamornphinaee sae see 113
Page
byramensis, Guttulina______------------ ade 25
Polyanonphin apes aes 25
campanulata, Polymorphina---------------- 104
Canilbaeas Goblin a eae eee en eee en 75
inaequalis, var___--____- 75
(qsmprotina,, (Cnounnblbboy soe ee 36
centrata) Gut tilina =e ee 25
chapmani, Polymorphina_____--------------- 124
Sigmomorphina_--_--------------- 124
charlottensis, Polymorphina_-_-------------- 119
clavatas Polymonp hina es nee 52
cognata, Globulina gibba, var__-----------_- 65
Ohwoovoyn avian oe ee 65, 120
communis, var. etrusca, Polymorphina ------ 85
Guittulina See eee 20
Polyimo;phin asses eee ee 20
lactea, var_--_---- 20
complanata, Polymorphina_----------- 116, 117, 119
var. striata, Polymorphina_----- 115
compressa, var. dumblei, Polymorphina__-_- 97
var. okuwaensis, Pseudopolymor-
phinae se ee ee See 98
iPoliyamorphinaeas2sse ase 89,
92, 94, 102, 119, 123, 126, 188
var. striata, Polymorphina------_- 92
concava, var. dentimarginata, Polymorphina 72
le@bnonoyr ours) 2 2b ee 45
lactea, var___-.---- 45, 139
Sigmoniorphinae aaa awe 139
consecta, Polymorphina---_------------------ 102
consobrinaGlobulina sees =. sas e see ee ae 85
Polymorphina sororia, var__---- 85
Contorta eolymorp hina ee 120
COntraLlawB Ulimine ss eee ee 95
costata. eolyamorphin ale: 222 = eee neee 65, 99
(Globulina) _._------- 65
costatulay.Guttulina 2S 35
Polymorphina (Guttulina)-------- 35
costifera, Polymorphina jacksonensis, var_.-- 123 ©
Sigmomorphina jacksonensis, var__ 123
costulatasiGuttulinal-s2o225 eee 48
Polymorphina cuspidata, var_----- 48
crassa, Pokymorphing= 2-2-2 sess= ee ee 133
SIgmMOmOnp hina. see ees es 133
erassatinas Polymorphina2 sea eee 133
crassicostata, Guttulina regina, var_--------- 35
Cretacess Gy tila sees eee heya es eel 20
Polymorph in ass eae eee ee 20
Cristellaria pleurostomelloides________------- 107
curta, Pseudopolymorphina__-__------------- 105
cushmani, Polymorphina__-______------------ 117
cuspidata, var. costulata, Polymorphina__-_- 48
Guttulina adhaerens, var_----~--- 37
Polymorphina lactea, var__------- 28
Sororia, var_------- 55
188 INDEX
Page Page
eylindrica, Guttulina________.___-_---________ 54 | formosa, Polymorphina______-_-__.-.-_-_____ 138
eylindroides, Polymorphina_________________ 54,56 | fornasinii, Polymorphina____________________ 114
IBY Tulin asses ste keane ees Ky || favor Cioinmilim. 4 8 86
damaecornis, Polymorphina__-______________ 28h irankely Gut tulin ae en ee 28
(Guttulina)_____ 28 | frondea, Bolivina_____..___._-._.-___-__-..-_ 118
GawsSonie Graig aliases ee 47 Polym orp hin aes ee 118
decora, Polymorphina_______________________ 96 | Frondicularia inaequalis__________._________- 128
Pseudopolymorphina_______________- 96 | frondiculariformis, Polymorphina_-___-------- 128
deflexa, Polymorphina_______________________ 41 Sigmomorpha (Sigmomor-
deformata, Guttulina_______________________- 41 phina)2 =e eee 128
deformis, Globulina________________________- 23 Sigmomorphina___-______- 128
Polymorphina (Globulima) -______- 23 | frondicularioides, Polymorphina____________- 19
deltoidea, Polymorphina problema, var-_-__-- 133 Quadrulina________________ 19
dentimarginata, Globulina__________________ 72 | frondiformis, var. brevis, Polymorphina_____ 68
Polymorphina concava, var_ 72 Polymorphina___.____________- 122
depauperata, Polymorphina_______________-- 110 | fusiformis, Polymorphina____-_____-_____- 54, 56, 73
deplanata, Guttulina_______________________- 43 Pynulina 322252228 ee 54
depressa, Globulina________________________- 110 | gallowayi, Sigmomorphina__________________ 135
Polymorphinaesesssess sss 110 | gaultina, Paleopolymorphina_-_______________ 112
(Globulina) ________ 110 Polymor;phinaes eee 112
diffusa, Polymorphina lactea, var_____------- 61 | gibba, var. aequalis, Polymorphina______.___ 79
digitata, Polymorphina___________-___-_____-- 108 ampulla, Polymorphina_________- 79
Pseudopolymorphina_____________-_ 108 cognata, Globulina_______________ 65
dilatatas Guttulinas= 22) 22 eee 25 fissicostata, Globulina____________ 67
Polymorphinas-_-__-2.--= 22-2 --- 22. 102 globosa, Globulina______________- 64
GhUUDU A Crown bD bo 74 Globulina! i262 222 ee eee 60
dimorpha, Glandulina____._________________- 144 var. glomula, Globulima______________ 20
Gurthulina eee eee = eee 144 Guttulina (Globulina)__-____________- 60
Dimorphina millettii________.______________- 138 var. longitudinalis, Globulina_________ 68
discreta, Globulina________________________- 73 myristiformis, Globulina_________ 66
dispar, Polymorphina-_____-_____-_____--__-_- 37, 114 orbicularis, Polymorphina_-__-___ 60
doanei, Polymorphina_--________________- 95 ornata, Globulina__-_-__--_______ 67
Pseudopolymorphina_-_______---.____ 95 ovoidea, Polymorphina (Globu-
dollfussi, Globulina inaequalis, var_________- 76 lina) ..2.g522 Se 60
Pseudopolymorphina-____-________- 106 pirula, Polymorphina (Globu-
var. tenuistriata, Pseudopolymor- lina) 2222225 eae eee 60
Mim aN eee ee Onstage See 106 Polymorphina_-___-------_--___- 60, 77, 78, 85
GubiayGuthulinase eee eee ee eee ae 41 (Globulina) -________-- 60
dumblei, Polymorphina compressa, var___-_-- 97 var. punctata, Globulina_______-_____ 69
Pseudopolymorphina-_____________ 97 striata, Globulina________________ 65
earlandi, Guttulina lactea, var___-____-_-___-- 45 subgibba, Polymorphina (Globu-
elegantissima, Polymorphina__________- 50, 140, 141 Jina) 2-< es ee eee 60
Sigmoidella____._.__.-_.__-___-_ 140 tuberculata, Globulina__________- 68
elongata, Globulina__-_-_-..___-_._____.____- 81 verrucosa, Globulina_____________ 67
Garth ulin ae ee eee nee 89 | gigantea, Polymorphina----_--.-.-___-----_-- 120
Polymorphina__-_-_-_-__--_-------- 119 | gigas, Guttulina roemeri, var__-_-___-_-___-- 42
(Globulina)_____-___ 81 IPolymorphin gees: seo ee ae 42
emersoniyGuttulinaless 2 eee ee 47 4\elacialiss Globulinass-2 322 ee 71
Polymorphinas 222 ee 47 | Glandulina dimorpha___-__-------_-_-_---_-- 144
I OSU G GUT a Se eye eel ee ee ere een 16 lacvigata2 22 SS eee 143
ANT Caley pee et ei Ses 16 | (Glandulina) laevigata, Nodosaria_____-___-- 143
i ASSI Cas eee eee a eae ig |, Gdeyayeloubnoyy rae 144
Poly gonas 52: See Seen Se aie 17 | glandulinoides, Polymorphina vitrea, var... 144
equalis, Polymorphina____.__._______-__-___- 645) sglobosay"Globulinat === ee eee 60
ericia, Globulina lacrima, var____-_---------- 78 gibbas vars 22 eee 64
etrusca, Polymorphina communis, var-_------ 85 Guttulinas'22-222 2 ee 87
Cran, (CuO ombhoR se 80 Polyimorphing === 64, 69
Polya orp hina. een SOG ob wim ay ac uit ae eee 64
extensa,=Polymorphinas ss. esses eee 53 aequalis: jo: 788: 22k Sst eee 64
Pye Ur ira ge ene aes Ne es elon 53 amplatsoonl a ee aie ee 84
fischeri, Polymorphina_____________- aS he 102 amplectensasen == eee 60, 73
Pseudopolymorphina--_-_______---_-- 102 ampulla 522 es eee ee 79
fissicostata, Globulina gibba, var____.__---_- 67 amyedaloidessaas nee ae 73
rey Enojoysilhae ys ek 81 | (Globulina) angusta, Polymorphina__-_-___-_-- 37
rabbalAbi, Jet kacovoyrolovboe OA |) (Enooyolhiommcoonnley 5-2 68
Sigmomorphina_________-______-__-_--_- 125 australiss=!s23 2252 2e2 ee eee 32
Gilobulimaybulloidestas 2222 ee eee
Carl b aca fees Diss ee Ue yee ene
consobrina== ee
(Globulina) costata, Polymorphina---______-
Globulina deformis_____________-______-____-_-
(Globulina) deformis, Polymorphina________
Globulina dentimarginata__________________-
GEDPKESS aaa ae eee ee
(Globulina) depressa, Polymorphina_-_______
G@lobulin‘aydiscret ayes. ase
CL Om pak eae eet ste ens Sate a
(Globulina) elongata, Polymorphina_._______
Globullinalexsertass222 2228-2 eee
VAT COMMA tay see ane aera
fISSICOS alates
lO OSA ees A eee eet):
lomil asec ees ca eee oe
(Globulina) gibba, Guttulina________________
Globulina gibba, longitudimalis______________
myristiformis______________
Ornaitas pete eae
(Globulina) gibba, ovoidea, Polymorphina__
pirula, Polymorphina____
Polymorphina___________
Globulina gibba, punctata___________________
CSE a fas 2a 2 a ee
(Globulina) gibba, subgibba, Polymorphina_
Globulina gibba, tuberculata________________
VELL COSA ase na
CAP ACHENTIGIE NS Sd aC Ee eee
PLOWOS aryaneeree lneacrues Santas ues
STAM UML OS Ave atl eee ws ee Er We
(Globulina) granulosa, Polymorphina______-
Globulina grateloupi
(Globulina) grateloupi, Polymorphina______-
Globulina gravis.
SUG CU eee seen erry tena ee
iS pi dares Geet t ate Ae ee
VOTE ae eC eB L khe
TTL EG Ae oe tiles ey ie ae
NERO SU ATS oe a a LE es ae
Vespa a alee Sa Nps ee ae
(Globulina) lacrima, Polymorphina_________-_
Globulina lacrima, subsphaerica____________-
La crymi tie oe a ea en ey
NAC WAS BERS 28 Sse late Sse eR Lo UNS SIN
TTUUAT S GO TA Sahar eeu ue ie ee
OVE S ees et oe ee le Se ce ld
OTS Casters ae ee ee eae tL eg
PUNT CG eae See ps A Se tees ea
TOCMOTL 2 ts 2 5 tao sweet A ee Re
INDEX 189
Page Page
23) Globulina’species2== Se ee 89
75 SDI OSE aus ee ire ene epee car 68
85 | (Globulina) spinosa, Polymorphina__________ 68
65 | Globulina subalpina_________________________ 87, 93
23 Sub gib bases era yaaa 60
2 translu cid awa as ae eee 74
72 tRANSVersasee ae se Seer ee 61
110 ERISOL LAS ie ieee ste are ea 88
110 EUbDeLCUl a tases sean een 68
73 | (Globulina) tuberculata, Polymorphina--__- 68
81 | Globulina tubulosa______....___--..________- 60
81 CURbING tae a ee 64
80 V ATI AMIS # pies Uta Ee LARA tyre 130
81 | glomula, Globulina gibba____________________ 20
60 | gracilis, Polymorphina_____-_________________ 83
G5 eeranvlosaiGlobulin ase sss as eee ears 81
67 politas:Globulina ssa a ee 82
64 Rolymorp hinges sos eee 81
20 (Globulina) _______ 81
60s merateloupisGlobulinass: ess eee 81
68 Polymorphina (Globulina)_______ 81
66rieravida, Guittulinas== so. see eee 61
(7? i} earns, (Caloloyubbaysy 84
60 Lexa) hianavoyrolavboaye— ee 84
60 | gutta, Polymorphinas_..-..-22-2--2-222_- 51, 77, 78
60 eA Ta cb U nb oye ys sues wes RO ee Re es 51
69b seguttatas Rolyanonp hinas ssa ine eeese snes 29
(Haye | YeablRnvomoautsy, GCroknpliboe ee Ee ee a 38
60 Polymorphingees 222-2 ese eee 38
Be vipolleys nto) oyodbbe ye 25
672: Guttulinaladhderens® 2222 ee 36
71 cuspidatas= aes 37
60 AUSTRIA CA a et UE ee ah ote 29
81 ANGUS tae eee eee eee ont
82 Halleyiessiee sr ws ee ee 41
81 bartschisucets Oscecetics eee o ie nan 23
81 LOL Ges Saisie eae tee eee AT care 23
81 Jone so es 25
84 CAU Cat alaee nes a) eras) Hee ae 36
25 Ceniata 22 = ae eae 25
75 (Gomben pps = oo 20
79 Costatulast same einer Sota 35
73 | (Guttulina) costatula, Polymorphina___-____- 35
“5ar Guttulinarcostulatas:s22= see ne een ee 48
76 CRE LACE antes me aes Nee eyes ee 20
76 cylin dricas=ss sass banner se eer 54
73 | (Guttulina) damaecornis, Polymorphina____- 28
206 Gauttulin'ayd awison teem meter ees mean eae 47
77 deformatass- =" oe eee 41
78 deplanatasssee tse amt sien eeeee 43
79 CUTIE Y eM pe er UD Ee a re 25
77 ila pees es a Le 74
78 dimorph asst. ses sees tae 144
77 GUblazs 2 2a eae eee 41
17 (MOPS ahs ee Be eee 89
71 CMOLS OM tise Saye eases Sipe las eter 47
83 TAG baw se Se ee Sete Se esas eee 86
85 Trankei=.- 222. Saher eee a se 28
61 ZIOWOSA A Be Nee vale em ee Oe sn 87
61 (Globulina) gibba________________- 60
73 QTA VIG Ae nea ese Sry eh ee 61
69 SUT CULO TINT S eee aye outa noe eee 38
41 hantkenii 2255 eos i soe we 33
86 TTC UV eens ani een ey clea eae noe 86
88 Inregmlaniseesa ws es alee omen 25
69 nipponensis__-____----_.. 27
190 INDEX
Page Page
GChonnilboe AVE — a 39 | indica, japonica Pseudopolymorphina__-_____ 99
kishimouyisess==- 2-6 eee eee 40 Polymorphina problema__-___________ 99
Ja Ct eats eke ete i ie ey es 43 Pseudopolymorphina________________ 99
(GeeWrel etna a Ne en ANS | anak ye, Cilojobubtingy oe 73
TEXEN ALSe Peels Speen ee ee els BEN 82 IE OiysIM OT; POLIT eee ee 61, 132
(Guttulina) lanceolata, Polymorphina_-______ Styl} su atsieeaauls) Jetol byaaavoycjo)oubats.— 2 oe 133
latasseolymorphinales=ssss= see 20 | io, Polymorphina austriaca_________________- 31
Gatti ilinagl ela erie ee 39) 5 |sirregularis Glo bulina ase eee eee 20
(Guttulina) megapolitana, Polymorphina___ 130 Guttuling 222 ee ee 25
minima, Polymorphina-.________ 83 nipponensis, Guttulina___________ 27
(Ciwilneubtiog) wile. ea ee eee cba 79 | ishikawaensis, Pseudopolymorphina_________ 98
(OL OVD ISU ea ee en ti ee RONNIE 87 | jacksonensis, ecstifera, Polymorphina________ 123
Onientalise Maw swe aes eee, 24 Sigmomorphina_-_____ 123
Osa S Rae ei ied salres ns anja aed 54 Polymorp hina saan eee 123
Waal ZO Wat oers eee eee eee 46 Sigmomorphina_________________ 123
(Guttulina) parva, Polymorphina___________ 95 | japonica, Pseudopolymorphina indica_______ 99
Crunnnollingy joe noyety ee ee a aul We apes, Crbinabubuapy oe 39
DOM GELOSA Rs aoa nea ene LR Te 61 | jonesi, Pseudopolymorphina_____-__-________ 107
praclongasen ss ee be tee AE 37 | jugosa, Pseudopolymorphina suboblonga____ 91
Problema qs sees sas eee a 19,25 | kagaensis, Sigmoidella______._..____________- 141
(Guttulina) problema, Polymorphina ______- 20>), kishinowyi) Guttulings = ee 40
Guttulina pulchellas==s Se BS) A) Iolo, Srieaaavonaavoyr alata 2 134
GULLIT ECOS tealeree eaee eonens A6io| ala lartalsee olliyanm or) tara 2 eee a 53
Na COMO Says eas ae ess UiGe rele Uy aadien 102 Paymaster eee 53
i stentiakshaes sp gaa Sanat ee SO A OU 34 | lacrima, ericia, Globulina_________-_________- 78
erassicostatas=—=seen eee naes 35 Globulinass 2s sae Sa een 77
SRO} ORD S| ae hee heme oe re eS UIT AE 133 horridas: Globulin asa eee 79
TOMO Te te ew bee a 41 Polymorphina (Globulina)__________ 77
fea egelishy apelin eee Sp ne 42 subsphaerica, Globulina____________ 78
TRON FD BAKO LEV Hes eho eee oS 860 lacryanias Globulin ase eee eee 77
SAGOCMSISH Okina eiee Ta al aoalere Me Eehs 49 | lactea, communis, Polymorphina____________ 20
robo bey aie Tealrs ee Ui as as shames a al nr 45 concava, Polymorphina___.__-.____- 45, 139
SCIMICO Stata ees eae sien yet 48 cuspidata, Polymorphina_____________ 28
SQ MMP aT Aes eee see ee oe 25 diffusa, Polymorphina_______________- 61
(Sigmoidina) pacifica_____________ 50 earlandi, Guttulina______________-____ 45
seguenzana__________ 50 elongate variety, Polymorphina______ 83
Silimestrilene see 51 Guthiling's 322i se ea ea 43
SOMCRIEMONROMNIS Loe yee a 31 novangliae, Polymorphina______-_____ 90
VU GIANT Shee aeons nore 32 Polymorphina________ 20, 43, 75, 77, 79, 83, 138
GEIS OM ape ee en en i cree 28 SerpulasvRolymorphinafaculeatasss==s sees ene 115
nipponensis, Guttulina irregularis___________ 27 ACUI TA yen ae ee ee ee 58
mii, Craiablbhap os ok ee See 79 ACU a eee Seaerer ante 33, 64. 73, 83
Nodosaria (Glandulina) laevigata____________ 143 adih'aerens eee seas 36
nodosaria, Polymorphina___________ 95, 107, 108, 110 EL CLAW TI eat eas Soe ele ere 118
novangliae, Polymorphina lactea____________ 90 UML nies deen Dies ral Por IER 116
Pseudopolymorphina_-__________ 90 AIM OCN AS see eerene tee were 89
MUSSdOneENsIs) ee SeCadiumM=- 2. 922 e222 eee 144 Gato) A ea ee ee 55, 79
nuttalli, Sigmomorphina___________________- 124 PIT O UII peas a a Rear ee 79
nysti, Polymorphina regularis_______________ 122 amygdaloides_____ 52, 73, 85, 129, 131
SISMOMOnphinaee see 122 Vepid aan neten 110
oblonga, Polymorphina_____________ -_ 29, 30, 93, 138 terquemiana______ 129
oblongum, Psecadium______________________- 107 EWAN OSs pent en ee 126
obovata eolymorphinass. 2225 soe se 93 an Sustaeeewss see ee eee 55
obscura, Polymorphina______________._______ 104 as perellavey2 ee see ates 75
Pseudopolymorphina______________ 104 SUStRALIS Met eee ae eee 32
obscuricostata, Polymorphina_______________ 101 AUSUGIACA tl OBl eae a= eee 31
Pseudopolymorphina-_______ 101 DISCTaliShy sewn wen on ee 119
Oise, Croiplboe 28 87 buccwlentas2 a= ee ee 80
IPOlyAdMO Dab. oo ee 85 burdigalensiseaess ss saa emer 113
PAV GUTITTN Beem oes bee RP eS eo 54 lequilensis-_____ 113
okuwaensis, Pseudopolymorphina___________ 98 lone aroner ap Ss ee 25
compressa_ 98 Camp amit apa wees = ee eee 104
orbicularis, Polymorphina gibba_____________ 60 Qayoungales es 124
orbignii, Polymorphina____.______________._- 79 charlottensis=s=2 22 eee 119
onientalise Guttulimas eee eee es 24 Cl eave eka eae) are ates naledeeh 52
ornata, Globulina gibba_____________________ 67 CORMAT AE eee aera ee a 65, 120
LeOhyaonoyeoy abbas ee ee 67 COMMU Seaeene eee eee 20
Orthoceratia tuberosa________________________ 92 ClnUS Cale emanate 85
ovale, Guttulina yabei______________--_______ 31 complanata_.._.__--=2_- 116, 117, 119
Ovals, CHoOlowiihapy ees eo ee eee 61 Strata eae nee 115
Gye pai base Rs Oe eet 54 COMME ESSA aes ae eee ee 89,
Pseudopolymorphina________________ 103 92, 94, 102, 119, 123, 126, 138
Ovatay eb olymorphingseses Se 103 dumibleiessasean es 97
Owiionoars, (Gloobhbney es ee 61 Sinlata eee 92
ovoidea, Polymorphina (Globulina) gibba___ 60 COMCAW Ale eae eens Oana 45
ovulum, Polymorphina_-__________________- 85 dentimarginata______ 72
Rayman aoe es Saye ene es Na 58 CONSE CE Astana as ea ee ees 102
Daalzowl, Guttwlinas ss. 22s) eee 46 COME Oa ee ee eyes eee 120
pacifica, Guttulina (Sigmoidina)_____________ 50 COSt a Tawa: aay eal ies Se ican 65, 99
Sigmoidella (Sigmoidina) __________ 50 CRASSA ees S See Loan eed ee 133
peEaleopolyimorphinal sees Noe e sae 112 Crassating= eee ays ee oe ee 133
awit ase Cee ele 112 CREE CEE ters eur IR hie ee 20
pleurostomelloides_______ 112 Cushima nie ae eee 117
parallela, Polymorphina_____________________ 116 euspidata, costulata_________ = 48
regulanisess 2-2 es 116 CyMINGrOldes =k eae eas wea 54, 56
parri, Pseudopolymorphina rutila__.______.. 100 Gamaecornis..--_-----_-_-___- B 28
192 INDEX
Page Page
Rolymorphinardecorasessss 96 | Polymorphina inequalis_______--___________- 89
deilexaz ease = 22 ae eas eine 41 inflatass <2 2 Ts ae eee 61, 132
depauperata__-____----------- 110 INSIpniss-s- 2 ee eee 133
depressave- aan See eye 110 jacksonensis______--------_--_ 123
CIiSLba tale Gaeee ss Nee 108 costiferd===ee= == 123
Tey het ae ne eS os le 102 Nablata.s52 5 see es lao sce 53
Gis par=nes Seek Sao 37, 114 lactea=ene==== 20, 43, 75, 77, 79, 83, 138
Goaneles 225 Poe tsar s ee hee 95 communis____________- 20
elegantissima_-_---------- 50, 140, 141 Conca a==== === eae 45, 139
elongataetsoe Sate esse ee 119 cuspidata__-.---------- 28
enmersoniees 2 et soe es tees 47 diffusa2 2 eas 61
CQUIBTISH eee ee ees Veen 64 elongate variety___.___- 83
exsentaeee ses s5.25s55-5 28 sos. 80 novangliae____________- 90
exibenSasc 2s eo a ae ee 53 lagenalis! 22:5) se aet ope ee 19
fiScChers= eh AL ee bee 102 lanceolata2=2- 33a 54
Ain Gio te Ba ee ae sa 125 landesi2 2223325 22 eee 71
TORINO SA a es 138 lecointreae a= ee 102
LOTS ITT ee ere eer 114 leopolitana===== === ee 108
frond ene h. NaeA ihe eee 2 Ie 118 leprosa: 2204 ews eee 75
frondiculariformis__---------- 128 Tiassicays2ist see 2 ee ee oe 17
frondicularioides______------- 19 liguassc.ch: =e eae 89
frondiformissae sess seee 122 ling wlatases eee 120
brevisss= sea ee 68 longicollis =.= a= sae 53, 77
UST LO RTI See eee nee ee 54, 56, 73 longistriatas =e 115
ayoblighney 2 3 ee ese oodseoess 112 Nt Ci Cae ee 129
Rib baz eee oe 60, 77, 78, 85 MATSUI eee 120
aequalism@es sss 2222 aeee 64 miledia 2% oe eS eee 110
aM pullaa ee ees 79 mendezensis-____-------------- 109
orbiculariseessss2see==— 60 metensis:: <24)o- ee 17
aikeey OU Re pacers eens estan Se ke 120 minuta=<.2 2.243 eee 83
Sil ES Bee at ee NBs DRS a ee tp 42 MUCKOnatas sees as eee 138
POW OSAS oe eee ee ees 64, 69 munsteri-=\- {2 eee 85
(Globulina) angusta__-------- 37 myristiformis_-____-____--_-_- 66
Costatameeses= == 65 nodosaria___--------- 95, 107, 108, 110
deformis__------- 23 Oblongassae. saeeeseees 29, 30, 93, 138
depressa__------- 110 obovataseiou2 is eae 93
elongata--_------- $1 obscura. 33242334 104
Ci bale sae 60 obscuricostata______---------- 101
ovoidea__-_-_ 60 obtusa2: 2222 ee eee 85
pirula__---- 60 orbigniia. 2223 eee 79
subgibba- - 60 ormatass. 22+ 222s .. 2 67
granulosa_-__----- 81 Ovatas22 chee ee 103
grateloupi- -----_ 81 OV 8 ae ee een 85
lACriMme==esssee a= 77 parallelasi= 3 Goss aS aaa 116
Spinosage= =e == 68 pauperatass== = ee 74, 130
tuberculata--_--- 68 pernaeformis_.~_-------------- 120
gracilisste. ee ee ae ee 83 pleurostomelloides- ---------- 112
CranUlOSdsenas sees See 81 politav: 2223. os. eae 82
FEAR psy a et a 84 Poly gonads = eee ee 17
Cut taser se eee 51, 77, 78 praclonga..=255.--2=o2 ee 37
Ciuttatars -ae lees a sees eae 29 problemal-222 ===) === 19
OUTG HILO TIN See eee rer 38 deltoidea___________- 133
(Guttulina) costatula______--_ 35 indica Sa 99
damaecornis----- 28 Vario.) eee 20
lanceolata--_----- 55 proteiformis___-_------------- 144
latase ene ee te 20 proteus- --_--- Lo sul ioe eee 93
megapolitana_--_ 130 pulchellas== =e 33
MinimMasssseae= 83 pupa eee 82
DanVaee nae 95 (Pyrula) acuminata__------_- 58
problema___----- 20 Treginiay22- 6. = ee eee 32, 34, 92
hirsuta) see ese eee 69 rutilas2s 2 eee 100
ingyen ss eo ee 75, 79 regularise seen 120, 125, 126, 130 ©
NOW CHU eee ee eee eee 121 lingulata_____-_-_-__ 120
HUMID ol ditt sa eee 126 Niystices2-42 sear 122
incavatasls: owns ee ee 114 parallelaseeesese ees 116
INCELbA es see ee eee NS 110 pernaeformis____-_-- 120
Polymorphina rhabdogonioides
rotundata__-_-__-
rugosa__________
sacculus__--_-_-
schlumbergeri__
schwageri-__-___
seguenzana_____
semicostata-___
semitecta_______
Similise sas ses=
cuspidata____________
spatulata_______
spicaeformis___-
spinosa-_-_------
subcompressa _—
subcruciata-_-__
subcylindricas2= = 22s
subdepressa___-
subdilatata_____
subsphaerica___
subteres___-____
Sulcataneas= sees
Lenera see eee
teretiuscula____
Lexanass sesso sse
Haowuv oes oe
translucida_____
trigonula_______
trilocularis_____
TUT AG y
undulosa____-__-
vicksburgensis _ _
vitrea, glandulinoides________
williamsoni____
zeuschneri-_____-
ponderosa, Guttulina__________
praelonga, Guttulina__________
Polymorphina_____
prisca, Globulina
problema, deltoidea, Polymorphina_-_-____--_-
Guttulinase 2 =<
indica, Polymorphina_-__-_--------
Polymorphina--___-
(Guttulina) ______-
var., Polymorphina-
proteiformis, Polymorphina-___
proteus, Polymorphina_______-
Psecadium acuminatus_______-_
nussdorfensis______
oblongum__________
INDEX
Page
18 | Pseudopolymorphina atlantica_____-_-_____-
86 compressa, okuwaensis
88 Cunt ass Sees a ie ees
108 decoral.22- eee
69 Gi git tae ee eens
120 Goanele a es
121 Gollissi=e= sae
130 tenuistriata __
50 dumiblei--_-=2=2=- 2: =
48 nan Za ale ee
129 UALS) OR yao te es oi
83 indicas= ess eee
92 japonica________
110 ishikawaensis________-
41, 83 JONES See oa ae eee
85 leopolitana==-2 ===
55 Weak Se ee ees
105 mendezensis-_--_-_-------
31 novangliae___________-
68, 75 ODSCUTaS =e
89 obscuricostata____-____
87 okuwaensis_______--__-
107 OW ALIS Sees ener
104 Dalvie: sont e eR eS
110 paucicostata_____--___-
110 phaleropei________--__-
114 TUNG eas wie 2 ease eS eae
7 Parris a Lee
54 Sollokyoyil 2
66 Spatulatawes ose
55 Stra tants oc i
104 subcylindrica________-
96 subnodosa_____--------
57, 107 suboblonga_____--____-
128 jugosa_____
74 AAO EN Hs eee ee eh
28 fischeri_______-
136 zeuschneri_______-_____
105 | pseudoregularis, Sigmomorpha (Sigmomor-
68 phing) ae
87 Sigmomorphina________-____
Iie epulchellastGyuuGt lina sens meee
31 Roly OTD hin a) ee eee
41 | punctata, Globulina________.-._-_--_--------
101 Pb DaAse eae aS Ses
59 | pupa, Polymorphina---_-__------------.----
53 | (Pyrula) acuminata, Polymorphina__-----_--
144 | pyrula, Globulina rotundata_____------------
138 Polymorphina rotundata-___--------
OOM Ryruling acuminatase.2s 22-52 ae ane se as
61 albatrossiese ee eee oe ee se eae
37 eylindroides 222 Sasa eee
37 Extensa fies ae Se ee SOs
73 PVISTLO IMTS See ee ee ee
133 gutta Fae Be eee SESS SE SSSASSASSSSSSa5
19, 25 labia tase sea ae See eas
Obtusa2 22222 a ee ee
99
19 CONABU YD te She th EN es a eS ae
réeticulosas=22 = — eee ee ee ee
20 Fey
20 thouini__ ae
VelaSscoensiSssee = =e eee
144 wicksburgensises= sows an sees eee
EB. | “@pmchwltinc oe se
144 frondicularioides____-_----------
144 laSenayise= wat ane Se ee ele
107 rhabdogonioides_____-_-----_----
106
92
107
110
INDEX
194
Page Page
QUIMGIE COS Task Git Ul ira epee eee ene 46 | Sigmomorphina aliceae______________________ 139
racemosa, Guttulinae 2-22) == 2s 102 HOEMETN ATT see 134
regina, crassicostata, Guttulina______________ 35 Gojoe ee 124
Guntiulin gases ae ee Sete a 34 CON CAV A252 ooo ee eee NE ene 139
AON FO AIT. ee ek 82, 34, 92 ClaSSAso- epee eS a Nee 133
rutila, Polymorphina_________________ 100 PLDT GT Se SOS eee ae Ce 125
regularis, lingulata, Polymorphina___________ 120 frondiculariformis___________ 125
nysti, Polymorphina______-_-_____ 122 | (Sigmomorphina) frondiculariformis, Sigmo-
parallela, Polymorphina___________ 116 IMOrP MA 222. SU Se ae ale eae eee 128
pernaeformis, Polymorphina_____-_- 120 | Sigmomorphina gallowayi___________________ 135
Polymorphina_______-___ 120, 125, 126, 130 JAacCKSONeNS|SHe =e 123
SISMOmMorp him awe. oe 126 costifera__..____ 123
ME ULCU] OSes yagUTI ira a eer eee ere pu alee Ce 59 KO tO le S22 A ae een 134
ROU, Cllevachovbing = ke 144 lerame yO fale 131]
rhabdogonioides, Polymorphina_____________ 18 nuttallic o> See 124
Quadrulina =e ane 18 MS tists = oe a oe ee 122
MOLURE, Envinnnlbhies. 2 a 133 pearceydse FN Ae a 132
roemeri, gigas, Guttulina__._.._________-___- 42 pseudoregularis_____________ 125
Gnovoylhoey se sae se as 41 | (Sigmomorphina) pseudoregularis, Sigmo-
Gruyabbbagy,. oe eaves 41 §00K0)0| 0) Ob: yea eee ee De ee 125
rRoyobaKokeniey, Cholli 86 | Sigmomorphina regularis____________________ 126
GroniipuMbhoe) 3 sot ee ee 86 sawanensis__.___._________-_ 137
EXO AaMOFE ONaUNAE LL he Se 86 schenchka=2 22 7eahe sees 133
pyrula, Globuling==-22222 52 88 Schiwacenitt +5227 ice eae 130
Polymorphina___________ 88 SCMUIGE CT AA eee eee EE 129
IRUIGUIS, eto) hyacaKoyoyavways ys. ke ee eS 108 terquemiana______ 129
rugosa, Globulina___________ Petey een Di 69 COrGa) 253) ee ee ar 128
Oya OT kin ae eee ae 69 ¢rilocularisye= a= aaeeee 136
rutila, parri, Pseudopolymorphina__________- 100 CLINI tatensis sas 134
Polymorphina regina_________________ 100 UndwlOSas =e eee 131
Pseudopolymorphina_________________ 100 SVEL U1 Gio era ey ee ae 137
sacculus;, Polymorphing 23202520 sas 120 williamsoni_________________ 138
Sadoensise Giuttuilim aes ae eee ee nee 49 YOK Vana 136
SiiaaovouaaVayr ows 28 ee 49 | (Sigmomorphina) yokoyamai, Sigmomorpha_ 136
sawanensis, Sigmomorpha___________________ 137 | silvestrii, Guttulina (Sigmoidina)___________ 51
Sigmomonphinawe: sass= sou IBY/ ||: rooaubbisy Nexo bisonYoypoyoubala 83
Schafte rik Gut tuaina aise eee a nce ee a 45 esoldanit se oliyamonp lin asses see ee 92
schencki, Sigmomorphina____________________ 133 Pseudopolymorphina______________ 92
schlumbergeri, Polymorphina__.____________ 121 | solidula, Polymorphina_-_-_____.____________- 110
schwageri, Polymorphina___________________- 130 | sororia, consobrina, Polymorphina.__________ 85
Sigmomorphinae 252222 130 cuspidata, Polymorphina____________ 55
seguenzana, Guttulina (Sigmoidina)_________ 50 Rolymorp lines sass ne 41, 83
Rolyanorphingses= sess eenr 50 | spatulota, Polymorphina__-__.._..__________ 105
semicostatay Guttulimg 2-2-2205. ees es 48 Pseudopolymorphina _____________ 105
Polyamonphinaes soe es vee 48 | spicaeformis, australis, Guttulina___________- 32
SemiplanasGiurctwlima see eee es 25 Gaur) ra eee 31
semitecta, Polymorphina- 22-22-2222 129 Roly morphinaees== sae 31
Sigmomorphina___________________ 129 | spinata, Globulina inaequalis_____.._________ 76
terquemiana, Sigmomorphina____- 129) @SpinosasyG lob ulin a see eee 68
Serpulavlactea sary w eck. heya ee etd eget ere ee 43 Polym orp hin ase seen eee 68, 75
tenuisjovalisilacvise. sess ease aes 43 (Globulina) _______- 68
Sigmoidella elegantissima____________________ 140 | striata, Globuline gibba__________-____-__.+- 65
Lica epeVeu ata eee ers eS 141 Polymorphina complanata_____---__ 115
MATSATC TAC eae. = waa eee ee 142 COMpPreSssas= == 2,
jolphaowaaeeVa sos Si 142 Pseudopolymorphina________________ 92
(Sigmoidina) pacifica___________- 50) | subbalpinay Globulin ae = ee eee 87, 93
(Sigmoidina) pacifiea, Guttulina_____________ 50 | subcompressa, Polymorphina________________ 89
Sigmoidellasssaassees= 50 | subcruciata, Polymorphina___..._.__-_-_-_-_- 87
seguenzana, Guttulina_________ 5 subcylindrica, Polymorphina_______________- 107
silvestrii, Guttulina____________ 51 Pseudopolymorphina________- 107
Sig Momorphaysad oensiswe sea ee 49 | subdepressa, Polymorphina_-_._-___________- 104
SEVWiAT CT G1 S eee ae eee ed 137 | subdilatata, Polymorphina_-_____-.___________ 116
(Sigmomorphina) frondiculari- Subgibba Glo bulimia eee 60
TOPTIIS ue ee eee 128 Polymorphina (Globulina) gibba_- 60
pseudoregu- subnoaosa, Polymorphina____-______-___--_- 110
laniseeee 125 Pseudopolymorphina___________ 110
yokoyamai_ 136 | suboblonga, jugosa, Pseudopolymorphina____ 91
triloculani sees ere 136 Pseudopolymorphina___---.--_- 91
INDEX
Page
subrhombica, Polymorphina---------------- 1 HuberosasOnuhoceratiase sean s ese eam ee
subsphaerica, Globulina lacrima___---------- 78 etubwlosas Globulings== sss ess
Polymorphina-_-_------------- FS || Hoidomaenra, CMoowlbbnpe oe ee
subteres, Polymorphina- -------------------- 54 | turgida, Guttulina_- = == 25-22-22 === -2-------
suleata, Polymorphina-_------.------------- 66 AS Pp ee rueelcee = 2+ -------=----+------
2 undulosa, Polymorphina--------------------
tenera. Polymorphina----------------------- 55 i : ice ia
Pe ; 3 Sigmomorphinal22s 2225 2s saee ese
tenuistriata, Pseudopolymorphina dollfussi-. 106 : ; 5
i : uviformis, Polymorphina_-----------------.-
teretiuscula, Polymorphina--_---------------- 104 2
5 5 4 Uviullas Polymorphings.seess 222) See Eee ee
terquemiana, Polymorphina amygdaloides-- 129 x F
: 5 4 Varlans Gl Ob Ulin a ssaeee ns nee ee
Sigmomorphina semitecta ----- 129 ; 5 ;
‘ variata, fischeri, Pseudopolymorphina______-
texana, Polymorphina__-__------------------- 96 :
ae i ie) Polymorphinay-seessse see See
thouini, Polymorphina--_------------------- 57, 107 :
: ts Pseudopolymorphina- -_------------
ays ulirna ees e as ee B7/ eae ;
5 vaughani, Sigmomorphina___-_---------------
torta, Polymorphina--....------------------- 128 FH s
: : velascoensis, Polymorphina____--------------
Sigmomorphinga=ssss ae e 128 :
; ‘a (Psi TV a eee eee ee eae a
translucida, Globulina__--------------------- 74, : i
aie cconina 74 verrucosa, Globulina gibba_-----------------
Soe LaMar RRL FS vicksburgensis, Polymorphin _ ___----------
transversa, Globulina____-------------------- 61 Pyrulinas. Su aCe eee eee
trigonula, Guttulima__-------.--------------- 28 | vitrea, glandulinoides, Polymorphina_-------
Polymonphima os == 222 28 Gord Cali rieyieoea en ee a, ean ee
trilocularis, Polymorphina______-___-_------- 136 | williamsoni, Polymorphina.___-------__-----
Sigmormorpha-_-_--------------- 136 Sigmomorphina----------------
Sigmomorphina----------------- Tei It srororelsse, Ghounuliiog\
trinitatensis, Sigmomorphina_--------------- 1S4aeyabel Glubtwhin asses ese
imisenialisGlobulimase.22 su Sessa 88 OvalesGrittwlinasse 222. a eee eee
truncata, Polymorphina ---_----------------- 105 layamaza kins Guittpulinassson lass: a Se
tuberculata, Globulina---------------------- 68 | yokoyamai, Sigmomorpha (Sigmomorphina)
Pibbasse aw sae ee 68 Sigmomorphinas2 225s s22==2=5=-
iPolymorphinass2=-22255522——-—— 68 | zeuschneri, Polymorphina_------------------
(Globulins) -_--- 68 Pseudopolymorphina- -----------
195
Page
30
3]
40
136
136
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1930
urs dg ty
ERK
THE CAODAL MOLT OF CERTAIN CORACIIFORM,
COLIIFORM, AND PICIFORM BIRDS.
By Herserr PrrepMann
Curator, Division of Birds, United States National Museum
In the great majority of birds, the molts of which have been
studied, the order in which the rectrices are shed and replaced is
centrifugal, that is, the middle pair are the first to be dropped and
renewed, and the molt proceeds outward, the successive feathers being
affected in turn, the outermost pair being the last to be molted. In
fact, so widespread is this type of molt that it has come to be regarded
as the usual condition in birds. Thus, Stone (1) found that in
cases, ;
x * * where there is an appreciable difference in the time of shedding
the different pairs of tail feathers, it is the general rule that the outermost
pair is the last to be shed, and birds are not infrequently found with the new
central pair of tail feathers half grown, while the old outermost pair is still
retained. * * *
In, Qwiscalus and some other birds the central pair is the last to be molted,
all the others having nearly completed their growth before the old middle
feathers are shed.
In the Woodpeckers the molt begins with the pair next to the middle and
extends outward while the central pair is the last to be shed. * * #*
In this family the tail has a particular function, i. e., in climbing; hence
the slow molt, as the birds would be at a great disadvantage if the whole
tail was lost at once. The central pair of feathers are of particular importance,
and the old ones are, therefore, retained until the new quilis of the next pair
have become sufficiently developed to temporarily take their place during
their own renewal.
It may be gathered from the above quotation that there are some
exceptions to the usual centrifugal sequence of rectricial ecdysis,
and it is the object of the present paper to record further exceptions,
and to suggest that with continued study more such cases will prob-
ably be discovered. Years ago Heinroth (12) recorded two types
of tail molt—“ centrifugal” and “ alternating,” and while some of
his observations are inaccurate, still his paper is a valuable one and
little deserves the neglect it has received.
No. 2830.—PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 77, ART. 7.
93064—30
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
Beebe (2) seems to have been the first to record a centripetal type
of tail molt (that is, one starting with the outermost pair of rec-
trices and proceeding inward and ending with the middle pair,
in other words, just the opposite of the centrifugal type), and,
indeed, it is in his work that the two terms centripetal and centrif-
ugal were first applied to the present subject. Beebe found that
some pheasants started the caudal molt with the middle pair of
rectrices, while others began with the outermost pair. Later, in
another paper (3) he made a hasty survey of immediately available
material and found that a woodpecker (Celeus species) also had a
centripetal tail molt. All the true pheasants (subfamily Phasianinae
containing, according to Beebe, the genera Lophophorus, Chal-
cophasis, Acomus, Lophura, Diardigallus, Lobiophasis, Crossop-
tilon, Gennaeus, Catreus, Pucrasia, Syrmaticus, Calophasis, Phasi-
anus, Chrysolophus, and Gallus) have a centripetal tail molt, while
the Perdicinae (genera Perdix, Coturnix, Caccabis, Francolinus, Pter-
nestes, etc.) have a centrifugal type. In the peafowl (Pavo) the
molt begins with the second from the outermost pair and
* * * there follows a regular progression inward, the outer pair being
molted just before the inner ones. This sequence is invariable, both in the
10 pairs of rectrices of the cock and the 9 pairs of the peahen.
In the argus pheasants and their allies (subfamily Argusianinae
containing the genera Polyplectron, Chaleurus, Argusianus, and
Rheimardius) Beebe finds the molt to begin with the third from the
central pair and to proceed outward and inward, the second and
first pairs (inner) falling, respectively, between the fourth and the
fifth and the fifth and the sixth pairs.
In his life history studies of the Panamanian toucan, Rhamphastos
brevicarinatus, Van Tyne (4) writes that—
* = * in their method of tail molt toucans are nearly unique among
birds. Instead of molting the restrices in regular order, beginning’ with the
central pair and progressing outward, they exactly reverse this and molt the
tail from the outer toward the central feathers. Beebe * * * first de-
seribed this and called it the “ centripetal type” of tail molt. He also recorded
this type * * * ina tropical woodpecker (Celeus) and in certain pheasants,
I am not aware of its occurrence outside of these groups.
The fact that a centripetal type of tail molt had been found in a
woodpecker and in a toucan suggested the thought that it might be
fairly widely distributed among coraciine and picarian birds. Con-
sequently, while studying the extensive series of species of these
two and related orders collected in Africa by the late Edgar A.
Mearns, I made a point of examing their molts in detail. Later I
made a rather hasty survey of Neotropical and Asiatic groups not
found in Africa to get a somewhat broader picture of the distribution
of the centripetal tail molt.
ART. 7 CAUDAL MOLT OF BIRDS—FRIEDMANN 3
I find that most woodpeckers molt their rectrices centrifugally,
but a few, such as Campethera nubica nubica, Dinopium javanenstis
intermedia, and Picus viridis viridis appear to have a centripetal
caudal molt. However, it should be noted that my observations are
made wholly on skins in the museum, not on living birds, and that
the cases of apparently centripetal ecdysis may well be all of the
type described above by Stone and also by Heinroth (12). How-
ever, Dendropicos fuscescens hemprichii and Thripias namaquus
have a regularly centrifugal molt. Stone’s explanation, quoted
above, has a teleological flavor that need not concern us in this con-
nection, as this paper is meant merely to record certain facts and not
to advance or criticize any hypotheses concerning them.
Van Tyne (4) does not mention whether Rhamphastos brevicarina-
tus is the only toucan examined by him, or if he studied other species
as well and found them all to molt the tail feathers centripetally. IL
have gone over the toucans in the collection of the United States
National Museum and found molting specimens of eight forms
other than the one studied by Van Tyne. The tail molt is centripetal
in Rhamphastos tocard, Pteroglossus sanguineus, Pteroglossus in-
scriptus, Selentdera spectabilis, and Aulacorhynchus prasinus; it
appears to be irregular in Rhamphastos ambiguus, and centrifugal
in Rhamphastos erythrorhynchus. Weinroth (12) says that the molt
in the Rhamphastidae is centrifugal, but does not list the species
examined.
The barbets, being among the closest relatives of the toucans, were
studied with unusual interest, and the following facts were ascer-
tained: A number of species have centrifugal tail molts, but an
equal number shed their rectrices centripetally, while some appear
to be irregular in their sequence. The order of rectrix renewal has
no systematic significance here (or in the toucans) as it has among
the pheasants, for it does not remain constant even within generic
limits. The following species molt their tail feathers centrifugally:
Lybius guifsobalito guifsobalito, Tricholaema diadematum diade-
matum, and T’richolaema lacrymoswm lacrymosum. Those with a
centripetal molt are 7richolaema melanocephalum stigmatothoraax,
Trachyphonus darnaudit bohmi, and Trachyphonus darnaudii usam-
biro. Two species, Zrachyphonus erythrocephalus jacksoni and
Trachyphonus margaritatus somalicus are irregular in this respect.
It may well be that more abundant material will show these. to be
definite in their molting sequence and that they are comparable to
such cases as Pavo and the Argusianinae in the pheasants.
The colies, being one of the best marked, systematically most iso-
lated groups of birds, present yet another character to help set
them off from all other avian families in the fact that apparently
all the species of the group molt their rectrices centripetally. The
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
material available of Colius indicus and Colius castanotus has been
very slight, but of Colius striatus (subspecies striatus, kikuyuensis,
erlangert, hilgerti, and jebelensis), of Colius macrourus (races mac-
rourus and pulcher), and of Colius leucocephalus turneri, the mate-
rial has been abundantly ample to demonstrate beyond question the
centripetal sequence of their tail molt.
Among the buccos and puff birds, the only species that I have
found in proper condition for this study are Bucco dysoni and
bucco ruficollis ruficollis. The former appears to be irregular, the
latter centrifugal in the sequence of rectrix renewal.
Only two forms of jacamars with molting tails have been exam-
ined: Galbula chalcothorax and Galbaleyrhynchus purusianus, poe
of which have centrifugal molts.
I have found no evidence of a centripetal type of tail molt in either
the kingfishers or the parrots, but the molting material has not been
extensive. Heinroth (12) reports only a centrifugal molt in the
Alcedinidae, and an irregular molt in the Psittacidae.
The kakelaars (Phoeniculidae), of which three forms have been
studied (Phoeniculus purpureus niloticus, Phoeniculus somalicus
neglectus, and Scoptelus aterrimus notatus), suggest the condition
reported by Stone in the woodpeckers. Their tail molt is centrifugal
beginning with the next to the middle pair and proceeding out-
ward, the middle pair being shed after the fourth pair (counting
from the middle). Scoptelus appears to be somewhat less definite
in this matter than Phoeniculus. |
Only one bee eater (Melittophagus revoilit) has been available in
sufficient quantity of molting specimens. Its tail molt is irregular
as far as I can make it out; that is, the condition shown in one speci-
men contradicts that shown in another, while a third is different
from either of the first two.
The hornbills are of great interest because of a sexual difference
in the tail molt. The females lose all their rectrices simultaneously,
while in the males the molt is a long drawn-out process. This ap-
pears to be correlated with their peculiar nesting habits. The
female is imprisoned in a hole in a tree, the entrance to which is
largely plastered over preventing the passage of the bird to and
from the nest. While confined in this small space all the old
rectrices (and the remiges too) are dropped and new ones are grown.
In the males, the tail molt is usually contrifugal, definitely and very
regularly so in Lophoceros nasutus nasutus and in Lophoceros ery-
throrhynchus erythrorhynchus,; less definite, somewhat irregular, but
on the whole, centrifugal in Lophoceros deckeni, Lophoceros jacksoné
Bycanistes cristatus cristatus and Bucorvus abyssinicus, where it
starts with the middle pair of rectrices and then becomes somewhat
ART. 7 CAUDAL MOLT OF BIRDS—-FRIEDMANN 5
irregular in its progression toward the outermost pair; while in
Lophoceros melanoleucus geloensis the molt begins simultaneously
with the middle and the outermost pair.
Wetmore (5) has noted the peculiar condition found in the tail
of the Malyan giant hornbill, Rhinoplax vigil, in which but one
feather of the central pair is developed at one time.
* * * and this spike, much longer than the other rectrices, on reaching
maturity, remains in position for more than a year, probably for two. Its
companion, beginning its growth after the other has gained its extreme length,
then equals it in size. The first feather is then molted and is gradually re-
placed by another, so that in the renewal! of this central pair there is a con-
tinual alternation instead of the usual method by which these feathers are
renewed Synechronously on the right and left sides.
The facts presented in this paper form only a beginning of what
might quite easily be discovered by a careful examination of the
countless specimens of birds preserved in the museums of the world.
Molt is an important subject in the biology of birds and it is to be
hoped that more investigators will pay attention to it, either
directly, or in the course of other studies. Dwight’s work (6) on
the molts of passerine birds, and (7) of gulls should be extended to
cover all the various groups of birds of the world. Of fairly recent
authors only a few have taken much pains with the subject, but
those few writers, such as Stressemann (8) on Hos, Merops, Aplornis,
Graucatus, and other birds of Ceram, and of Bali (11), and of Laub-
mann (9, 10) on kingfishers, have found enough points of interest
to stimulate further researches.
LITERATURE CITED
1. Srone, WITMER.
The Molting of Birds with Special Reference to the Plumages of the
Smaller Land Birds of Hastern North America. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 1896, p. 114.
. BEEBE, C. WILLIAM.
Preliminary Pheasant Studies. Zoologica, New York, vol. 1, no. 15,
1914, pp. 263-265.
ho
Notes on the Birds of Para, Brazil. Zoologica, New York, vol. 2,
1916, p. 74.
4, VAN TYNE, JOSSELYN.
The Life History of the Toucan, Rhamphastos brevicarinatus. Univ.
of Mich., Mus. Zool. Mise. Publ. no. 19, 1929, p. 12.
. WETMORE, ALEX.
A Peculiarity in the Growth of the Tail Feathers of the Giant Hornbill
(Rhinoplax vigil). Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, pp. 497-500.
6 DwiGHT, JONATHAN, Jr.
The Sequence of Plumages and Moults of the Passerine Birds of New
York. Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 18, 1900, pp. 73-360.
on
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 77
DwiGHt, JONATHAN, Jr.
The Gulls of the World; Their Plumages, Moults, Variations, Rela-
tionships, and Distribution. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 52,
1925, pp. 63-401.
8. STRESEMANN, HRWIN.
Die Vé6gel von Seran (Ceram). Novit. Zool., Tring, vol. 21, 1914,
pp. 25-153.
9, LAUBMANN, A.
Beitrige zur Kenntnis des Verlaufes de Handschwingenmauser bei
den Alcedinidae. Der Formenkreis Halcyon (Sauropatis chloris).
Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bay. Miinchen, vol. 15, 1923, pp. 383-387.
10. :
Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Verlaufes der Handschwingenmauser bet
den Alcedinidae. (Second paper). Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bay. Miinchen,
vol. 16, 1924, pp. 184-186.
11. STRESEMANN, HRWIN.
Die Végel von Bali. Novit. Zool., Tring, vol. 20, 1913, pp. 342-347
(molt of Centropus b. javanensis).
12. HEINROTH, O.
Schwingen und Schwanzmauser der Vogel. Sitzungsberichte der
Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. Jahrgang 1897,
pp. 96-118.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1930
SYNONYMICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE NOTES ON
PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA
By A. B. Ganan
Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture
In this paper will be found notes and descriptions dealing with
species referred to the families Braconidae, Chalcididae, Encyrtidae,
Pteromalidae, Eulophidae, Scelionidae, and Bethylidae.
Family BRACONIDAE
OPIUS BELLUS, new species
This species is very distinct from any other represented in the
collection of the United States National Museum. Opius trimacula-
tus Spinola is said by Lounsbury,! to infest the same host, but ac-
cording to Brues and Richardson? that species has hyaline wings.
Female.—Length, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. Yellowish testaceous; antennae
entirely, tips of mandibles, ocellar triangle, tegulae apically, and
ovipositor sheaths black; hind tibiae fuscous, darker at bases and
apices; hind tarsi entirely and the apical joint of fore and median
tarsi black; wings uniformly strongly fuscous, veins and stigma
blackish. Mesoscutum often with a large spot anteriorly and another
at each lateral posterior angle, black or blackish. Antenna inserted
a little above middle of eyes, 40-jointed in the type (37-40 in the
series), a little longer than the body, slightly tapering from base to
apex, the first flagellar joint about twice as long as thick, following
joints shorter. Head smooth, polished, clothed with pale hairs;
viewed from above transverse, as broad as thorax and not quite
twice as broad as long, the temples about half as broad as eyes and
not at all receding; face hairy, smooth, with very weak setigerous
punctures; distance between the eyes below antennae distinctly
greater than distance from antennae to apex of clypeus; anterior
margin of clypeus somewhat produced; no opening between clypeus
and mandibles; mandibles bidentate at apex with a straight ventral
1 Agr. Journ. Cape of Good Hope, vol. 27, 1905, p. 468.
2 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 82, 19138, p. 503.
No. 2831.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 77, ART. 8
93065—30 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM ~— VOL. 77
margin; malar space equal to width of mandible at base; palpi long
and slender, maxillary 6-jointed, labial 4-jointed. Mesoscutum
smooth and polished, clothed with pale hairs, without parapsidal
grooves and without median fovea or groove posteriorly; transverse
groove separating mesoscutum from scutellum divided by three
carinae; scutellum smooth, hairy; mesopleuron smooth, without an
impression below the middle; propodeum smooth, with a very stout
median keel, and densely clothed with pale hairs; wing stigma long;
marginal cell extending almost to extreme apex of wing; first radial
abscissa shorter than width of stigma, second one and one-half times
as long as first transverse cubitus; recurrent entering first cubital;
legs normal. Abdomen as long as head and thorax, ovate, entirely
smooth and polished; first tergite with a short longitudinal carina
on each side extending from base to near middle, the apical half
of tergite perfectly smooth and without carinae; ovipositor sheaths
extending about half the length of abdomen beyond its apex.
Male—tLength, 3.5 to 4mm. Antennae 40 to 43 jointed, a little
longer than in the female; tergites beyond the third more or less
blackish. Otherwise like the female. ;
Type locality—Balboa Heights, Panama Canal Zone.
Type.—Cat. No. 41100, U.S.N.M.
Described from 11 females (1 type) and 3 males (1 allotype)
reared from Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann by James Zetek and
I. Molino at three different localities in the Panama Canal Zone, as
follows: Balboa Heights, August, 1926 (Z-2654) ; Ancon, November,
1927 (Z-2911 and Z-2913) ; and Barro Colorado Island, November,
1927 (Z-2909).
OPIUS LECTOIDES, new species
In the writer’s published key to species of North American Opius *
this runs straight to couplet 22, but is distinguished at once from
fuscipennis Gahan by the shorter ovipositor and partly black thorax,
while it differs from canaliculatus Gahan by its darker color, more
strongly infuscated middle portion of forewing, and slightly differ-
ently sculptured first tergite, and by the fact that there are only
three distinct longitudinal carinae in the groove between the meso-
scutum and scutellum instead of five as in canaliculatus. It is also
very similar to dectus Gahan,* differing only in that the ovipositor
is shorter and the groove at base of the scutellum has fewer foyeae.
Female—tLength, 2.4 mm. Head, scape, mandibles, most of the
prothorax, mesoscutum, scutellum, axillae, a spot each on meso-
pleuron below base of wing, and abdomen dark reddish testaceous;
palpi and legs, including all coxae, somewhat paler testaceous; an-
2 Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1915, vol. 49, p. 69.
4Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 21, 1919, p. 167.
ART. 8 NOTES ON PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—-GAHAN 3
tennal flagellum, eyes, sides of pronotum for the most part, meso-
pleura except as noted, mesosternum, metathorax, propodeum, and
ovipositor sheaths black; forewings from base to near apex of stigma
weakly infuscated, the rest hyaline. The vertex and occiput are
sometimes blackish and the abdomen frequently stained with piceus.
Antennae inserted a little above middle of eyes, 29-jointed in the
type (29-31 jointed in the series of paratypes), nearly as long as
the body, slightly tapering, the first flagellar joint about twice as
long as broad, following joints approximately one and one-half times
as long as broad; head smooth, polished, clothed with pale hairs;
viewed from above, strongly transverse, the temples about half as
broad as the eyes and receding from the eye margins; a line between
the eyes below antennae distinctly longer than a line from base of
antennae to apex of clypeus; the setigerous punctures of face very
weak; malar space slightly shorter than the width of mandibles at
base; opening between clypeus and mandibles large; mesoscutum
polished, with an elongate median longitudinal groove or slit on the
posterior half, the parapsidal grooves deeply impressed at the an-
terior lateral angles, entirely effaced for nearly two-thirds the length
of mesoscutum; groove separating scutellum and mesoscutum deep
and divided into four foveae by three distinct carinae; scutellum
smooth; mesopleura smooth, with a broad and strongly rugose im-
pression below the middle; propodeum coarsely rugose and with a
more or less distinct irregular transverse carina a little nearer base
than apex; forewing with the first abscissa of radius shorter than
the width of stigma; second abscissa of radius distinctly longer than
first intercubitus; recurrent vein entering second cubital cell; ab-
domen as long as thorax, broadly oval; first tergite a little longer
than broad, smooth laterally and basally: but with the apical middle
longitudinally rugulose; following tergites smooth; ovipositor short,
its sheath about two-thirds as long as hind tarsus.
Male.—Length, 2.25 mm. Antennae 36-jointed in the type, a little
longer than the body. Color generally somewhat darker than in the
female. In addition to the black markings of the female, the occiput,
prothorax, and abdomen, except the second tergite, are black in
the male.
Type locality.—Corvallis, Oreg.
Type.—Cat. No. 41099, U.S.N.M.
Described from 10 females (1 type) and 5 males reared from
Lthagoletis symphoricarpi Curran, the snowberry fruit fiy, by F. H.
Lathrop. ;
VIPIO MONEILEMAE, new species
Female.—Length, exclusive of ovipositor 7 mm.; length of ovi-
positor, about 4mm. Head transverse, about one and one-half times
as broad as long, the temples full and very nearly as broad as the
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
eyes; malar space equal to nearly half the height of eye; face shining,
with weak setigerous punctures, and sparsely covered with long pale
hairs; frons shining, divided down the middle by a shallow groove,
impunctate laterad of the ocelli and narrowly along each side of the
groove but with closely set setigerous punctures elsewhere, the punc-
tate areas covered with pubescence which is much finer and shorter
than the hairs on the face; vertex and temples polished but with
vestiture like that on the face; antennae 45-jointed, about two-thirds
as long as the body; scape about twice as long as broad, pedicel
broader than long; third joint nearly twice as long as broad, the
following joints subquadrate. Thorax smooth, polished, and sparsely
hairy; mesonotum without trace of parapsidal grooves; transverse
groove between scutellum and mesoscutum narrow and without
crenulae; propodeum polished; wings extending beyond apex of
abdomen, radial cell short, metacarpus equal to length of stigma
and parastigma together; first abscissa of radius equal to width of
stigma, second abscissa fully three times the first and very nearly
equal to third abscissa; second cubital cell nearly, parallel sided; re-
current nervure interstitial; legs normal, the hind tibiae not thick-
ened and without a groove. Abdomen elongate ovate, a little longer
than head and thorax, about as broad as thorax; first tergite a little
longer than broad, with a broad rounded elevation in the middle
which is bounded on each side by a finely crenulate furrow, the ele-
vated portion and the lateral margins polished; second tergite with a
triangular elevated smooth area medially at base and mostly smooth
elsewhere, but with a broad rugulose depression on each side of the
elevation; suturiform articulation strongly crenulate; a transverse
groove on the third tergite and the suture between the third and
fourth tergites also crenulate; remainder of abdomen polished; ovi-
positor a little longer than the abdomen. MHead, antennae, palpi,
tegulae, prosternum, mesopleura for the most part, propodeum, all
legs, and the ovipositor sheaths black; prothorax except sternum,
mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, narrow median longditudinal
line on propodeum, and the entire abdomen rufotestaceous; meso-
sternum and metasternum more or less obscure testaceous; wings uni-
formly deep fuscous with a small hyaline spot at junction of recur-
rent vein with cubitus; stigma and veins black.
Male——Leneth, 6 mm. Similar in every way to the female (the
antennae are lost) except that the hind tibiae are curiously modified
in that they are distinctly though not greatly thickened for nearly
their whole length and on the dorsal or posterior side a broad deep
groove, resembling a slit made with a knife, extends from the basal
one-fourth to the apex.
Type localities —A guascalientes, Mexico.
Type.—Cat. No. 41098, U.S.N.M.
ART. 8 NOTES ON PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN 9)
Described from three females (one type) received from Leith F.
Hitchcock and reared by him from Moneilema species at Aguas-
calientes, Mexico, in May, 1927, and four males received from the
same collector, reared from Moneilema species at Cedar City, Utah,
in September, 1926.
Family CHALCIDIDAE
BRACHYMERIA NEPHANTIDIS, new species
Very similar to Brachymeria thracis (Crawford) but distinguish-
able at once by the nearly cylindrical flagellum, the absence of discal
cilia on the base of the forewing, and the weaker sculpturing of the
sixth tergite. In ¢hracis the fiagellum is very greatly thickened
toward the apex and the discal ciliation extends to the base of the
wing.
Female——Length, 5 mm. Antennal flagellum cylindrical, very
shghtly narrower at base than beyond; first funicle joint slightly
longer than broad, following funicle joints quadrate or subquadrate ;
club a little longer than two preceding funicle joints; antennal de-
pression smooth; face with a small median area between clypeus and
antennal depression smooth; remainder of head coarsely punctate,
the punctation of vertex somewhat coarser than that between the
antennal depression and inner eye margins; malar space longer than
width of mandible at base; carina separating face from cheeks with
a well-developed postorbital branch which extends to the occipital
margin. Pronotum, mesoscutum, and scutellum with coarse umbili-
cate punctures, the interstices between punctures distinctly less than
the diameter of the punctures and finely rugulos®; scutellum rounded
at apex, not emarginate; propodeum coarsely rugoso-reticulate, with-
out teeth or projections. Forewing behind submarginal vein practi-
cally bare of cilia from base to about midway of submarginal vein;
stigmal vein short; postmarginal nearly twice as long as stigmal.
Hind coxae polished above, closely punctate beneath, without a tuber-
cle on inner side; hind femur uniformly finely closely punctate on
outer side, with about 10 teeth on the lower margin, the basal tooth
not larger than some of the others, without an inner tooth near base.
Abdomen as long as head and thorax, pointed ovate; first tergite
perfectly smooth and polished; second nearly smooth dorsally but
finely shagreened and hairy laterally; third to fifth each smooth
basally but with an apical band weakly shagreened and hairy; sixth
tergite finely shagreened, with about four transverse rows of very
weak subobsolete punctures or pits but much less strongly pitted than
in most other species; seventh tergite ventrally at apex coarsely
punctate ; ovipositor tip barely exserted. ‘Tegulae, anterior and mid-
dle femora at extreme apices, their tibiae at bases and apices, and all
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 17
tarsi yellow; hind femur with a small yellow spot at extreme apex;
hind tibia with a yellow spot a short distance from base and its apex
yellow; wings hyaline; rest of insect black.
Male.—Length, 3 to 4 mm. Sixth tergite more transverse than
in the female and with more distinct pits; otherwise like the female.
The hind tibia basad of the yellow spot is usually black but in
some specimens this basal band is reddish. It is always somewhat
darker than the yellow spot.
Type locality —Ayodya patnam, India.
Type.—Cat. No. 42223, U.S.N.M.
Four females and four males received from Remachandra Rao,
Coimbatore, India, and all said to have been reared from pupae
of Nephantis serinopa Meyrich. The holotype female and another
female are labeled “Ayodya patnam, S. R. coll. June 28-30-1924”; a
male (allotype), “ Coimbatore, S. R. coll. July 5, 1924”; two females,
“ Mangalore, Y. R. Rao coll. Aug. 28, 1925, and October 16, 1924”;
one male “ Cochin, Rao coll. Nov. 18, 1920”; and two small males,
“ Samalkot, Godivari district, Mch. 22, 1924, R. N. Chari coll.”
Family ENCYRTIDAE
APHIDENCYRTUS APHIDIVORUS (Mayr)
Eneyrius aphidivorus Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, pp. 712,
718, and 724.
Encyrtus shizoneurae ASHM®BAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, 1885; Proc.
p. 16 (new synonymy).
Encyrtus aphidiphagus AsHMEAD, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull. 14, 1887,
p. 14 (new synonymy).
Encyrtus megourae ASHMEAD, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull. 14. 1887, p. 19
(new Synonymy).
Encyrtus websteri Howarp, Insect Life, vol. 2, 1890, p. 247, fig. 53 (new
synonymy).
Aphidencyrtus schizoneurae (ASHMEAD), aphidiphagus (ASHMEAD), megourae
(ASHME4D), and websteri (Howarp), ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
22, 1900, pp. 399 and 400.
Aphidencyrtus inquisitor GrRAULT (not Howard), Can. Ent., vol. 48, 1916,
p. 342,
Aphidencyrtus aphidiphagus (ASHMEAD) GAHAN, Proc. Hnt. Soc. Wash., vol. 25,
19238, p. 187.
Aphidencyrtus inquisitor GriswoLp (not Howard), Ann. Ent. Soe. Amer., vol.
19, 1926, p. 331.
Aphidencyrtus inquisitor GAHAN (not Howard), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 71,
1927, art. 4, p. 18.
Aphidencyrius inquisitor GriswoLp (not Howard), Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 20,
192 Cy pps o1=93:
It was the writer’s good fortune in November, 1927, to spend
some time at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria,
studying the important collections of Chalcidoid types of G. Mayr,
ART. 8 NOTHS ON PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN vf
Arnold Foerster, and other authors located there. Through the
abundant courtesy of the custodian, Dr. F. Maidl, cotypes of a
number of European species were secured for the United States
National Museum collection. Among these were two cotypes of
Encyrtus aphidivorus Mayr. ‘These have been compared with the
common encyrtid parasite of aphids in America and found to agree
in every respect.
This parasite, as shown by the above list of synonyms, has been
several times described in America and its identity has been some-
what obscured by reason of the fact that it has been confused by
both A. A. Girault and the writer with (Zncyrtus) Zarhopalus in-
quisitor Howard. Encyrtus inquisitor was described by Howard
from a single female from Jacksonville, Fla. A female specimen
in the National collection labeled “ Jacksonville Florida ” also bears
the label “ Type No. 2616” and the name label. This specimen was
accepted by both Girault and the writer as the actual type specimen
without particular reference to the description, and on the basis of
a study of the alleged type the writer, in 1927, synonymized A phi-
dencyrtus aphidiphagus (Ashmead), schizoneurae (Ashmead), web-
stert (Howard), and megowrae (Ashmead) with ¢gquésitor
Howard. Howard’s description and figure of inquisitor, however,
can not possibly apply to the alleged type as has been correctly
pointed out by P. H. Timberlake.’ Timberlake is without much
doubt correct in placing énguésttor Howard in the genus Zarhopalus
where Ashmead had previously placed it. |
The two references by Griswold (1926 and 1927) under the name
A piidencyrtus inquisitor are based upon determinations made by
the writer after comparison with the false type and refer to aphi-
diwvorus Mayr instead of tnguisttor Howard.
COPIDOSOMA NANELLAE Silvestri
Copidosoma naneliae Sitvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Agr. Portici, vol. 16, 1922,
p. 296, figs. 47, 48, and 49.
Several specimens of a parasite received from K. A. Salman of the
Massachusetts Agricultural College and said to have been reared
from larvae of Recurvaria thujaella Kearfott collected in Maine
during the summer of 1927 seem to agree in every respect with the
description of Copidosoma *nanellae Silvestri, a species which Sil-
vestri records as parasitic upon Recurvaria nanella Hiibner in Eu-
rope. &. nanella is known to occur in America, and the parasite
appears to have been accidentally introduced with its host and to
have talen to the related American species R. thujaella. According
«~—
> Univ. Calif. Pub. Tech. Bull., vol. 3, No. 2, 1924, p. 235.
§ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
to Salman the the parasite was very active in controlling this pest
of arborvitae in Maine during the season of 1927.
Three specimens of the same species were received from C. R.
Crosby, reared from PR. thujaella at Ithaca, N. Y., July 2, 1925.
Family PTEROMALIDAE
HABROCYTUS PHYCIDIS Ashmead
Habrocytus phycidis AsSHMEAD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash,, vol. 4, 1898, p. 157.
Habrocytus dug GiRAvLtT, Can. Ent., vol. 49, 1917, pp. 181 and 182) (new
synonym).
Habrocytus phycidis Ashmead was described from one specimen
said to have been reared by George W. Dimmock from a larva of
(Phycis) Acrobasis rubrifasciella Packard, July 25, 1892, at Canobie
Lake, N. H. Habrocytus dua Girault was described from the same
specimen and hence is a synonym. The name phycidis should be
substituted for dua in Girault’s key (see above citation), and the
name piercet Crawford, which is a good species, should replace
phycidis as treated in the key, since Girault’s synonymizing of piercet
with phycidis is based upon a misinterpretation of Ashmead’s species.
Family HULOPHIDAE
HORISMENUS DEPRESSUS, new species
Very closely related to H. popenoei Ashmead but differs by.having
the scutellum very nearly flat, the face below antennae entirely very
finely wrinkled or with only a small smooth spot between bases of
antennae instead of being mostly smooth and polished, and the apical
abdominal segments more strongly retracted.
Female.—Length, 1.85 mm. Occiput, vertex, and frons above trans-
verse groove uniformly very finely reticulate-punctate; frons below
the transverse groove coarsely punctate; cheeks polished; antennal
pedicel very nearly as long as first funicle joint; funicle 3-jointed,
the joints hairy and distinctly separated, the first about twice as
jong as broad, second slightly shorter than first, third a little longer
than broad; club ovate, about as long as first funicle joint and scarcely
thicker than the funicle joints; thorax broader between the wings
than thick dorsoventrally, the scutellum flattened and in the same
horizontal plane as the middle of propodeum or very nearly so, the
propodeum not declivous; dorsal posterior portion of pronotum short,
separated from the declivous anterior portion by a sharp margin, dis-
tinctly sculptured along anterior margin, the posterior border smooth ;
declivous portion of pronotum reticulate-punctate; mesonotum with
fine shallow reticulation, shining; foveae at posterior end of parapsi-
dal grooves shallow and elongate; scutellum similarly but not quite
ART. 8 NOTES ON PARASITIC HYMENOPTEHRA—GAHAN 9
so strongly sculptured as mesoscutum, the lateral grooves punctate;
axillae finely reticulated; propodeum with the usual longitudinal
depressed area on each side of the middle, these areas granularly
rugulose and completely separated by a smooth median area which
is of about the same width as one of the depressions; base of pro-
podeum on either side of the middle with a transverse depressed area
or large fovea which is faintly rugulose within; spiracular groove
rugulose; rest of the propodeum smooth and polished except that
the apical neck is more or less granularly sculptured laterally; pos-
terior lateral angle of propodeum forming a short spinelike projec-
tion; abdomen shorter than the thorax, truncate at apex, the segments
beyond the second almost wholly retracted into the second; petiole
a little longer than broad and rugulose; second tergite large, polished
basally, with the apical two-thirds very finely shagreened; marginal
vein of forewing much longer than submarginal, the latter with two
erect spines dorsally. Scape, except at apex, and legs, except their
coxae, pallid; occiput and declivous anterior portion of pronotum
blackish; remainder of head, pronotum posteriorly, mesoscutum and
scutellum, axillae, and smooth portion of propodeum greenish black,
with a strong aeneous cast; remainder of propodeum, metanotum,
pleura, and coxae black or bluish black; abdomen black, faintly
tinged with aeneous; wings hyaline; antennae, except basal three-
fourths of scape, black, tinged with aeneous.
Male—tLength, 1.8 mm. Antennal funicle distinctly 4-jointed;
first and second funicle joints subequal and each about twice as long
as thick, third joint slightly shorter, fourth about as broad as long;
club not twice as long as fourth funicle; segments of abdomen be-
yond the second wholly retracted; head above and mesonotum some-
what more strongly aeneous than in the female. Otherwise like the
female and hard to distinguish from it except by the antennae and
genitalia.
Type locality —Alhambra, Calif.
Type—Cat. No. 41101, U.S.N.M.
Described from 3 females and 15 males reared from Bruchus
pruininus Horn by C. K. Fisher.
PLEUROTROPIS DETRIMENTOSUS, new species
Very similar to nawat Ashmead but differs by having the fronto-
vertex much smoother and the scutellum with a broader, well-defined,
polished area down the middle.
Female.—Length, 1.6 mm. Head slightly broader than thorax;
ocellar triangle distinctly rugulose; vertex laterad of lateral ocelli
smooth; fronto-vertex with very faint reticulate sculpture, nearly
smooth; frons on each side of antennal groove and below the trans-
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
verse groove distinctly finely punctate; face and cheeks smooth;
occiput closely punctate; antennal flagellum with all joints thicker
than the pedicel; funicle with three subquadrate and well-separated
joints, the first joint a little longer than the pedicel; club ovate, a
little shorter than the two preceding funicle joints combined,
3-jointed, the apical joint terminating in a short spine. Prothorax
short, slightly narrower than mesothorax; declivous anterior aspect
ot pronotum sculptured, separated from the dorsal aspect by a deli-
cate transverse carina, the dorsal portion perfectly smooth and shin-
ing; mesoscutum shining but distinctly reticulated, the inclosed areas
along inner margin of scapulae and on posterior half of praescutum
elongate and giving the appearance of delicate striations; parapsidal
grooves represented posteriorly by broad shallow depressions, effaced
anteriorly ; scutellum with a smooth area medially extending from
base to apex and occupying approximately one-third the dorsal sur-
face, the lateral portions of scutellum distinctly reticulate-striate
like the mesoscutum; propodeum polished, with three carinae medi-
ally, a delicate median one and the usual two diverging ones; mar-
ginal veins of forewing distinctly longer than submarginal, the
stigmal and postmarginal short and subequal; submarginal dorsally
with two long bristles; hind tibial spur long and slender, as long
as the basitarsus and two-thirds of the second tarsal joint combined.
Abdomen conic-ovate, very nearly as long as head and thorax
together; petiole thick, slightly longer than the propodeum, very
finely granularly sculptured and opaque above; second tergite equal
in length to the following tergites combined, smooth at base, the
apical half very finely but distinctly reticulated except a narrow
band at apex which is smooth; tergites beyond the second weakly
reticulated; ovipositor not exserted. General color black with a
tinge of bronze; antennal flagellum metallic green; scape black;
tronto-vertex slightly tinged with green; propodeum and smooth
portion of second tergite bright metallic green; wings hyaline; legs
ereenish, all tarsi white.
Male unknown.
Type locality —Palur, South Arcot district, India.
Type.—Cat. No. 42294, U.S.N.M.
Three females received from Ramachandra Rao are said to have
been reared from cocoons of Perisierola species attacking Nephantis
serinopa Meyrick. The type is from the above-named type locality,
one paratype from Tudiyalur and the other from Thirupatur, Coim-
batore, India.
ART. § NOTES ON PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN , 14
Family SCELIONIDAE
TELENOMUS SPHINGIS Ashmead
Teleas sphingis ASHMEAD, Bull. 14, Div. Ent., U. 8S. Dept. Agric., 1887, p. 18.
Telenomus sphingis ASHMEAD, Bull. 45, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 155.
Telenomus monilicornis ASHMEAD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., vol. 25,
1894, p. 203 (new synonymy).
I can see no difference between the types of sphingis which were
reared from eggs of Phlegethontius sexta Johanssen at Jacksonville,
Fia., and the type of monilicornis Ashmead which is a single male
collected on the island of St. Vincent.
The National collection contains in addition to the types a series
of 8 specimens reared from P. sexta at Clarksville, Tenn., by A. C.
Morgan; 31 specimens reared from eggs of the same moth at Gurabo,
Porto Rico, by W. V. Tower (identified by J. C. Crawford as 7.
monilicornis) ; and 2 specimens reared from eggs of P. sewta by G.
Russo in the Dominican Republic.
TELENOMUS CONNECTANS Ashmead
A single female received from G. Russo, Moca, Dominican Repub-
lic, and said to have been reared from the egg of Phlegethontius
sexta Johanssen has been identified as Telenomus connectans. This
appears to be the first host record for this parasite, which was origi-
nally described from the island of St. Vincent.® —
Family BETHYLIDAE
CEPHALONOMIA TARSALIS (Ashmead)
Ateleopterus tarsalis ASHMEAD, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 45, 1893, p. 45;
female, male,
Neoscleroderma tarsale KiEFFER, in Wytsman’s Gen. Ins., 1908, fase. 76, p. 41.
Neoscleroderma tarsale KiEFrrer, Das Tierreich, 1914, vol. 41, p. 270.
Cephalonomia kiefferi Fouts, Proc. Hnt. Soc. Wash., 1920, vol. 22, p. 71
(new synonymy).
J. J. Kieffer placed Ateleopterus tarsalis Ashmead in Neosclero-
derma Kieffer along with Ateleopterus virginiense Ashmead and
named the latter species as type of the genus. The types of both
species have been examined by the writer and found to be not con-
generic. The antennae of ¢arsalis are 12-jointed in both sexes and
the species belongs in Cephalonomia Westwood. The antennae of
virginiense are 13-jointed, and the genus Weoscleroderma will there-
fore stand.
*'Proe. Zool. Soc. London, 1895, p: 792.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
The types of Cephalonomia kiefiert Fouts agree in every way with
the types of tarsalis.
Cephalonomia tarsalis is apparently the commonest ‘species of
Bethylidae to be found attacking stored-product insects in America.
Specimens are in the collection from Saticoy and Fresno, Calif.;
Wellington, Kans.; Agricultural College, Michigan; Vienna, Va.;
and Washington, D. C. Oryzaephilus surinamensis Linneaus and
Sitophilus oryzae Linneaus are the only species named as hosts in
this material.
RHABDEPYRIS ZEAE Watersten
In February, 1929, J. J. Davis, of Purdue University, sent to the
Bureau of Entomology for identification four females and three
males of a bethylid which he stated were probably parasites of
Tribolium confusum Duval and which had been taken at Lafayette,
Ind., February 10, 1929, by L. F. Steiner. The writer identified
these specimens at that time as “Rhabdepyris sp. (possibly a new
species).” More recently a female of the same insect was received
from T. H. Frison, of the Llinois State Laboratory of Natural His-
tory, with the information that it was reared from 7’ribolium con-
jusum at Lafayette, Ind. Five males of the same species have also
been received from the Louisiana Experiment Station, said to have
been reared from stored-corn insects at Baton Rouge, La., Novem-
her 12, 1928, by C. O. Hopkins. After a careful comparison of this
series of specimens with Waterston’s description and figures the
conclusion was reached that they did not represent a new species
but that they were Rhabdepyris zeae Waterston. Specimens were
sent to Dr. James Waterston, of the British Museum, for compari-
son with the type, and he has confirmed the identification.
This species has not hitherto been recorded from America. It
was originally described’ from a single female specimen taken at
Liverpool, England, in a shipment of maize from West Africa.
The sample of grain was said to have been infested by Calandra
oryza Linnaeus, Tribolium castanewm Herbst, and Laemophlaeus
ferrugineus Stephens, and Waterston expressed the opinion that the
first-named species was almost certainly the host of Rhabdepyris
zeae. It appears probable that the species may be found to attack
several of the coleopterous pests of stored corn.
7Repts. Grain Pests (War) Committee, Roy. Soc. Lond., No. 9, 1921, p. 27, figs. 14
and 15.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1930
THREE NEW GENERA AND FIVE NEW SPECIES OF
PARASITIC CRUSTACEA
By H. F. Nierstrrasz
Of Utrecht, Netherlands
and
G. A. Brenprer A BRANDIS
Of Blaricum, Netherlands
INTRODUCTION
In the course of a study of the decapod crustacea parasitized by
rhizocephalids, contained in the collection of the United States Na-
tional Museum, several unique forms were observed by Dr. H.
Boschma, of Leiden, Netherlands. These were entrusted to the
authors for determination, together with another species sent direct
to us from Washington.
. Puzzling as the material at first proved to be, we believe we should
make it known an apparently new genus and species of Epicarid,
Faba, new genus with /. setosa as the genotype; a new genus and
species of parasite of Spirontocaris of problematical systematic
affinities; Heptalobus, new genus with H. paradowus as the genotype;
and a new rhizocephalid, Duplorbis ocarina, parasitic on Henuar-
thus abdominalis (Kr¢gyer), itself a parasite of Spzrontocaris, another
case of double or secondary parasitism.
The description of a second species of Yaba, F. glabra, belonging
to the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, is also given here, as it is the only
other known representative of this new genus.
A new species and the type of a new genus of Epicarid from
China, Apocepon pulcher, is also described.
SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION
FABA, new genus
Male, unknown; described from the female:
Body bean-shaped; almost wholly filled with eggs or embroyos so
far as can be ascertained; near the proximal extremity a trunk
No. 2832.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 77, ART. 9
93035—30 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 17
which terminates in an anchorlike head of four teeth; by means of
these teeth, which are sunk into the body of the host, the animal
is fastened to the latter. On the body are various lines of thick-
ened chitin, but whether or not these have anything to do with
the original segmentation can not be determined. The two known
species of this genus are parasitic on Alpheidae [Crangonidae] and
Hippolytidae.
The systematic position of the genus aba is somewhat doubtful.
The embryos of /. glabra certainly are those of copepods; and no
doubt Faba belongs to the Epicaridea. Absolute certainty must,
however, wait until the development of the male is known. Accept-
ing Fada for the present as an Epicarid, there can be little doubt that
this “simple sac filled with eggs” (Richardson, p. 497) belongs to
the Tribe Cryptoniscinae. But great difficulties arise in assigning
it to any particular family. The greater part of the families sug-
gested by Bonnier contain often very few species, sometimes only
one species, and these are not always thoroughly known. Hence a
clear analysis of the families is often lacking. In one respect, how-
even, Bonnier was very positive; each family is related to a different
group of hosts.
Faba has very few characters; they are of no value in placing it
in any of the families now known. Nor can this problem be solved
by means of the host, for no family of the Cryptoniscinae is known
to prey directly upon decapods, although some forms of Danalza
(Liriopsidae) are often found associated with the former. But in
these cases a rhizocephalid is the true host, the Danalia perforating
the body-wall of the decapod in order to attach itself to the “ root ”
of the rhizocephalid, though this is not always the case. It seems
that some of these forms have ultimately become parasites of dec-
apods. It is possible that Maba represents such a case, and it is
true that the mode of attachment of the latter bears a striking re-
semblance to Danalia. As we have no other. reason to suppose that
Faba is, or has been, a parasite of Rhizocephala, we do not feel
justified in regarding it as such. Nor do we set enough value upon
the resemblance of the trunk of both forms to regard Danalia and
Faba as allied. Only the study of the evolution of the female will
enable us to decide the correct systematic position of Faba.
FABA SETOSA, new species
-Holotype.—Cat. No. 62732, U.S.N.M. One female on Spirontocaris
bispinosa Holmes.
Type locality Albatross Station 3170, off Central California, 38°
17’ N.; 123° 29’ W.; March 28, 1890; 167 fathoms, mud bottom.
Description.—Length, 8 mm. The body, especially the ventral
side, is sparsely set with long setae. They are irregularly scattered,
arTt.9 NEW PARASITIC CRUSTACHA-—NIERSTRASZ AND BRANDIS thy cos
generally directed backwards, and seem to be articulated. The
trunk is placed quite near to the oral extremity; it terminates in two
longer teeth, directed to the right side of the body, and two smaller
‘ones directed to the left. Around the trunk, near to the body
runs a thick ring of a dark brown colour. The body is transparent,
with the exception of the rostral part. Only three crosslines are
visible on the dorsal and ventral surfaces. On the left side of the
latter a row of six tubercles occurs; on the right side only one is
to be seen, but it is possible that the others are smaller, so that they
can not be distinguished from the embryos, moreover the dorsal part
3
FIGURES 1—5.—FaABA SETOSA, FEMALE, 1, FROM THE LEFT SIDE; 2, FROM THE VENTRAL
SIDE; 3, TRUNK; 4, TEETH OF TRUNK; 5, SETA
on the right side is somewhat damaged (a, fig. 2). The tubercles
may be vestiges of the thoracopods or papillae, as Caulléry has de-
scribed for Danalia (Caulléry, p. 606).
FABA GLABRA, new species
Holotype.—One female on an Alpheid shrimp (Crangon). (Type
in the Bishop Museum.)
Type locality —Waikiki Reef, Honolulu. Dr. C. H. Edmonston,
collector.
Description—Leneth, 6 mm. The dorsal surface is somewhat
damaged (a, figs. 6-11). The trunk is situated a little behind the
rostral extremity. It is longer than the trunk of setosa. The teeth
consist of one larger pair directed forward, and a very small pair
directed backward (fig. 11). On the ventral surface, in the median
part, the wall of the body is opaque and more or less folded. On the
remainder of the body an extensive system of lines is to be seen, con-
sisting of a number of crosslines and some longitudinal lines. The
ah PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
number of these crosslines on the left and right sides of the body
differs. The lines are not symmetrically disposed. It may be re-
marked that they divide the body, at least at the sides, into eight
parts, situated one behind the other. Here and there, at the inter-
sections of the longitudinal and transverse lines, small triangular
areas are formed.
iH
Ficurn 6—11.—FABA GLABRA, FEMALB, 6, ON HOST; @=THORACOPOD VIII; 7, FROM THE
LEFT SIDE; 8, FROM THE RIGHT SIDE; 9, DORSAL VIEW; 10, VENTRAL SIDB; 11, Ex-
TREMITY OF TRUNK
HEPTALOBUS, new genus
This genus is founded on the female of the species, parasitic in the
branchial cavity of Spirontocaris biunguis Rathbun and Spzronto-
caris suckleyi (Stimpson). Although forms with seven lobes and
forms with five lobes are found, we regard both as belonging not
only to the same genus, but also to the same species, as both forms
are found on the same host, and, except for the development of
arTt.9 NEW PARASITIC CRUSTACEA—-NIERSTRASZ AND BRANDIS 5
dorsal lobes, both agree perfectly. It is therefore probable that the
smaller specimens are younger and would have developed dorsal
lobes in a later stage, especially as slight indications of sixth and
seventh lobes are sometimes to be seen.
The systematic position of this organism is quite unknown. Its
characters furnish no clue as to its relationships. Only a knowledge
of the development and the evolution of the female will answer this
question.
The largest specimen is 314 mm. long and has a breadth of 4 mm.
HEPTALOBUS PARADOXUS, new species
Holotype.—Cat. No. 62733, U.S.N.M. A female with seven lobes
on Spirontocaris biunguis Rathbun.
Type locality.— Albatross Station 3329, Bering Sea, 53° 56’ 50’’ N.;
167° 08’ 15’ W., August 21, 1890, 399 fms.
FicuRES 12—14.—HEPTALOBUS PARADOXUS, FEMALE, 12, DORSAL VIEW; 13, VEN-
TRAL SIDE; 14, MOUTH PARTS (?)
Additional material, a second female with five lobes, also on the
host of the type; and four females on Spirontocaris suckleyi (Stimp-
son) each with five lobes, Albatross Station 2842, between Unalaska
and Cook Inlet, Aleutian Islands.
The construction of the ring on the ventral surface can be studied
in detail on Figure 14. It consists of two dark colored lateral clasps,
which surpass rostrally and caudally a line of thickened chitin.
Caudally these clasps seem to terminate in two or three teeth. The
rostral line of chitin surpasses the clasps laterally. Between the
ring some circles, also of thickened chitin, and two curved dark lines
are visible.
On the dorsal surface of the figured specimen various lines are
found, partly indicative of the organs located beneath the surface of
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
the body. The proximal dorsal lobes show each a slight depression
near to the frontal margin; on the left one, a circle can be traced.
On the ventral surface two depressions are found on the extremities
_of the caudal and the lateral lobes.
With other specimens these depressions and lines are missing or
differently traced, so that no great importance can be attached to
them.
DUPLORBIS OCARINA, new species
Several females on Hemiarthrus abdominalis (Krgyer) on
Spirontocaris arcuata Rathbun, Albatross Station 2842, between
FIGURES 15-16.—DUPLORBIS OCARINA, FHMALH, 15, LHFT
SIDE. FoR a@ AND 6b SEE TEXT; FOR € AND @ SEE EX-
PLANATION OF FicurE 16. 16, TRANSVERSE SECTION
THROUGH FEMALE CORRESPONDING WITH THH LINE c—d,
FIGURE 15; SCHEMATIC. I, INTESTINE; L, LOBE OF
OVARY; M, MARSUPIAL POUCH; O, OVARY
Unalaska and Cook Inlet, Aleutian Islands 54° 15’ N., 166° 05’ W.,
July 23, 1888, 72 fathoms; pebbles; of these the largest has been
selected as the holotype (Cat. No. 62734 U.S.N.M.). The species is
parasitic in the branchial cavity of HWemiarthrus abdominalis
Krgyer. The male is unknown. .
The body consisting of three lobes has the shape of an ocarina, a
well-known musical instrument. By means of the lobe correspond-
ing with the mouthpiece of that instrument, the animal is attached
to its host. At the extremity of this lobe is a little incision corre-
sponding to the mouth opening. The surface of the body has a
ant.9 NEW PARASITIC CRUSTACEA—_NIERSTRASZ AND BRANDIS te
netlike appearance, caused by the eggs in the brood pouch. The
largest specimen is 4 mm. long (between a and 8, fig. 15).
Regarding the internal organization, the following can be said:
The intestine (1) is poorly developed; only a portion of it is present,
opening through the oral incision. Distally it is closed. To the left
and right of the intestine lies a lobe (Li) of the ovary; at some dis-
tance beyond the closed extremity of the intestine, these lobes unite
to form the unpaired part of the ovary (O). At one side (the
ventral side?) the ovary shows two processes (G), lined with large
epithelial cells. Their inner surface is covered with a cuticle. They
are in communication with the unpaired part of the ovary, being
shut off from the rest of the body. The remainder of the body is
occupied by the very large brood pouch.
According to van Kampen and Boschma, Duplorbis (p. 59) be-
longs to the Rhizocephala and in nearly all respects, in shape as
well as in structure, our animal corresponds with that genus. Of
Duplorbis two species are known, namely, D. calathurae Smith and
D. smithi Nierstrasz and Brender 4 Brandis.
These three forms each have two oviducts by means of which
the ripe ova pass from the ovary into the brood pouch. In D.
ocarina, however, we have not been able to trace this communica-
tion. We might consider the two appendices (G) as oviducts, but
these bodies do not appear to be in communication with the brood
pouch. Notwithstanding this, we are inclined to regard them as
oviducts, particularly as their internal surface is lined with a cuti-
cle. As the brood pouch is filled with embryos, there must have
been some connection with the ovary, and in our opinion, at least,
through the processes referred to above. They probably close after
the passage of the eggs, to reopen when the ovary is again ripe for
the next periodical set of ova.
APOCEPON, new genus
For generic characters we have: Memale: Pleural lamellae on
abdominal segments I-V; lamellae elongate, and digitate (princi-
pally on caudal margin) ; exopods of pleopods long and digitate;
endopods very short (rudimentary) and smooth; without medio-
dorsal bosses on peraeon or pleon. Male; Pleotelson markedly bifur-
cate; no rudiments of pleopods or uropods present; no medio-ventral
bosses.
This genus is closely allied to 7rapezicepon * and maybe to Leidya,
in so far as the endopods (of the pleopods) of the latter are rudi-
mentary, which can not be clearly made out in reading Leidy’s de-
1 Bonnier, J.: Contribution 4 l’étude des Hpicarides. Les Bopyridae. Paris, 1900, p. 269.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
scription or in studying his figures.? In fact, the females of Trape-
zicepon and Apocepon can only be separated in such minor points as
the frontal lamina of the cephalon—which is large with Trapezicepon
eet -Pleur. boss,
J
yee Pleur. boss
18
Figures 17-19.—APocEPON PULCHER, FEMALB, 17, DORSAL VIEW; 18, VENTRAL
VIEW OF ABDOMEN WITHOUT PLEURAL LAMELLAE, EXOPODS, AND UROPODS ; 19,
UROPODS
and absent with Apocepon, the length of the exopods of the peo-
pods—longer with Apocepon than with Trapezicepon; and the habi-
2 Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. 8, 1855, p. 150, pl. 11, figs. 26-32, quoted in
H. Richardson, A Monograph on the Isopods of North America, Bull. 56, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Washington, 1905, p. 511
art.9 NEW PARASITIC CRUSTACEA—-NIERSTRASZ AND BRANDIS 9
tus—Trapezicepon is more thickset. With Zetdya it differs also in
the absence of a frontal lamina, whereas the uropods of the latter
are much narrower.
The chief differences with these genera lie in the male: The male
of Trapezicepon has rudimentary pleopods, whereas the male of
Leidya has “ peculiar ventral appendages ” (Leidy) and long uropods.
Moreover the male of Trapezicepon has a medio-ventral boss on the
thoracic segments and the first abdominal segment.
APOCEPON PULCHER, new species
Holotype.—Cat. No. 62961, U.S.N.M. One female with male on
Philyra pisum de Haan. Tsingtau, China; T. Urita coll.
Description of Female—tLength (without uropods) 8 mm.;
breadth 544 mm. Without eyes. Body more
or less ovoid; cephalon clearly bilobed. Pleural
bosses (ovarian bosses) very prominent and
wrinkled, but generally not clearly set off.
Coxal plates absent. Exopods of first pair of
pleopods very long, reaching to the second
thoracic segment. Remaining exopods on the
longer side of the animal also very long, reach-
ing to the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth seg-
ments, respectively. Those of the shorter side
much shorter. Endopods linguiform. At the
longer side, the pleural lamella of the first ab-
dominal segment is about one-third or one-
fourth of the length of the exopod; remaining a
pleural lamellae somewhat longer than the first. ricurm 20—Arocrron
Uropods very broad in the middle, and with neural aay
the extremity turned outward.
Description of Male—Length 314% mm. Slender, and somewhat
tapering caudally. Eyes absent. Pleotelson V-shaped, and as long
as the abdominal segments IV and V together.
LITERATURE
CauLLERY, M.: Recherches sur les Liriopsidae. Mitth. Zodlog., Neapel, vol. 18,
1906-1908, pp. 583-648.
v. Kampen, P. N. and H. BoscHmMa: Die Rhizocephalen der Siboga-Expedition.
Monographie 3lbis Siboga-Expeditie, Leiden, 1925, pp. 1-61.
NIERSTRASZ, H. F. and Z. S. BRENDER A BRANpIS: Die Isopoden der Siboga-Expe-
dition, II Ispoda Genuina I. Epicaridea. Monographie 32.0, Siboga-
Expeditie.
RICHARDSON, H.: A Monograph on the Isopods of North-America. Bull. 54
U. S. Nat. Mus., 1905, pp. 1-727.
SmirH, G.: Rhizocephala, Fauna u. Flora d. Golfes v. Neapel, Monographie 29,
1906, pp. 1-123.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1930
La TALON i
TNR aS naa
PiU HNC
Baie
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Hey ahah
A NEARLY COMPLETE SHELL OF THE EXTINCT TURTLi,
TRACHEMYS SCULPTA
By CuHartes W. GILMoRE
Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, United States National Museum
INTRODUCTION
A nearly complete articulated carapace and plastron of an Emyid
turtle, discovered in 1928 by Dr. J. W. Gidley in Pleistocene deposits
in the vicinity of Melbourne (‘‘Golf Course locality”), Brevard
County, Florida, appears to be referable to the little known Z’rache-
mys sculpta Hay. In being the most perfectly preserved specimen yet
found of this species, it contributes much to a better understanding of
the skeletal anatomy and is, therefore worthy of the detailed descrip-
tion that follows.
TRACHEMYS SCULPTA Hay
Plates 1, 2, and 3
The type specimen upon which the above species was established
consists of a complete nuchal bone, from the Pleistocene of Hillsboro
County, Florida.
In the original description! Hay provisionally associated with
the type specimen certain other parts of the carapace, none of which
is known to pertain to the same individual. Subsequently other
scattered bones of the carapace were described? by the same
authority. It is obvious, therefore, that it is the nuchal bone alone
that must be relied upon to furnish the characters which distinguish
Trachemys sculpta from the other species of the genus.
The identification of the present specimen (Cat. No. 11839, U.S.
N. M.) as belonging to T. sculpta rests upon the similarity in size,
proportions and other features of the nuchal bone with the type.
The broad rounded carina within the area of the first vertebral; the
long narrow nuchal scute that is raised into a strong ridge; deeply
sunken sulci and similarity in the sculpture of their dorsal surfaces
these two bones are in full accord.
I am aware of the fact that some herpetologists no longer regard
Trachemys as a valid genus but include its species under the genus
A ae O. P., Fossil Turtles of North America, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1908, p. 351, pl. 54,
gs. 4-9,
2 Highth Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. of Florida, 1916, pp. 68-70, pl. 7, figs. 8-10.
No. 2833.—-PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 77, ART. 10
93847—30 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
Pseudemys. For the present, however, I shall follow Hay, who recog-
nizes no less than nine extinct species all referred to Trachemys. Five
of these, 7. euglypha (Leidy), T. sculpta Hay, T. jarmani Hay, T.
nuchocarinata Hay, and T. delicata Hay were founded upon specimens
from Florida. All except YT. delicata a supposed Pliocene species
are from the Pleistocene. TJ. bisornata originally described from
the Pleistocene of Texas has also been recognized ? among Florida
materials.
While there is reason to question the validity of some of these
species, as most of them were founded on fragmentary specimens, more
abundant and better preserved materials are necessary before a
revision can be attempted.
Specimen (Cat. No. 11839, U. S. N. M.) here identified as
Trachemys sculpta Hay is a nearly complete uncrushed shell, lacking
the third and eleventh peripherals from the left side, and the eighth
and tenth from the right side; neural seven and eight, and the pygal.
The plastron lacks the epi-ento-and xiphiplastra.
The carapace is strongly arched in all directions. Viewed from
above it is subovate in outline, broad in front, obtusely pointed
behind. The median anterior border shallowly concave. In a
straight line its greatest length is about 280 mm., the greatest trans-
verse diameter at mid length being about 230 mm. In elevation this
specimen is relatively greater than any of the living species of Pseu-
demys in the National collections; its maximum height being 137 mm.
Along the center of the carapace, within the areas of the vertebral
scutes the surface is somewhat swollen above the general contour of
the shell, culminating within vertebrals three and four in obtusely
rounded keels that are interrupted by the vertebral sulci separating
these dorsal scutes. The margin of the carapace behind the inguinal
notches is thin and comes to an acute edge that is shallowly scalloped.
The anterior margins are obtusely rounded except at the center which
is also acute. The sulci are everywhere deeply impressed.
The entire dorsal surface is beautifully and ornately sculptured
with grooves, ridges and low pustular elevations. The areas within
the vertebral scutes are smoothest, but here too some sculpture is
present in the form of faint ridges and grooves that in general radiate
from the central region of each scute. On the costal bones traversed
by the intercostal sulci the sculpturing is much less pronounced than
on the others. The costals are traversed by grooves and ridges that
generally run parallel with the length of the animal. Many of the
ridges are broken up at varying intervals, thus forming elevations of
various sizes. The areas bordering the costo-peripheral sutuce is
crossed at right angles by regular ridging, that forms a band extending
3 Highth Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. of Florida, 1916, p. 67.
art. 10 THE EXTINCT TURTLE TRACHEMYS SCULPTA—GILMORE 3
almost entirely around the circumference of the carapace. The
peripheral surfaces are ornamented with coarse ridges the trend of
direction varying with their position on the shell. In the anterior
ones these ridges have a diagonal trend away from the center of the
carapace becoming parallel with the length of the shell on the third
and continuing so to the sulcus on peripheral seven. In the succeed-
ing peripherals the area in front of the sulcus the ridging is at right
angles to the free border, while posterior to the sulcus the diagonal
trend continues. The under surface of the plastron is without dis-
tinctive ornamenta-
tion, only a slight
roughening of the hyo-
and hypoplastral areas.
The nuchal has a
length of 56 mm., a
width in front of 24
mm. and a maximum
width of 63mm. These
same measurements of
the type, taken in the
same order, are 55 mm.,
29 mm., and 63 mm.,
respectively. The
anterior edge is obtuse
and slightly notched on
either side of the nuchal
scute.
The form and pro-
portions of the neurals
are clearly shown in
Figure 1. Their di-
mensions are given in
th t bl FIGURE 1.—CARAPACE OF TRACHEMYS SCULPTA Hay. Cat. No.
€ table. 11839, U.S.N.M. NEARLY ONE-THIRD NATURAL SIZE
Element Length Width
Millimeters Millimeters
34. !
TAO TEN APSE a RU Sc a PN ta a aly 4.0 19. 5
‘USAIN LN SNe 9 AU EDN A ah 8 rn 2 ec 26. 0 22. 0
CE Pe US MBI le DMA AAD er CREAN NN te OPO a a 30. 0 DOR Tf
Bc aS ICIS ll ol GRE OSHS ACTORS TN ir US 27.0 Me siCl
SPECTOR TRE EMG) EAN eer ten ER bse a ROU AM RSME EEA LEE ESRD 28. 0 30. 0
(Gh 2 eh Paine ure le) Urea OE ear aR Pa SUNG NCS UM us et SRV A NUDE HI 18. 7 25. 0
EA MORIN EKONLL EO) a ICIS ROT LAN ci HeD RONDE RANE es ON Us te 15. 0 21. 0
ES EO CUTAN Sg sao Wa a CD TU a HC PU a aa 15. 0 20. 0
Le 0
.0 0
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL 77
One of the outstanding structural features of 7. sculpta seems to be
the great distal expansion of costals three and five and the consequent
narrowing of costals two and four. YT. hill1 (Cope) shows the costals
to be fairly uniform in width as they are in most extant species of
Pseudemys. So little is known of the costals of the other extinct
species of Trachemys that they do not permit of comparison being
made with the present
specimen.
Excepting peripheral
one which presents an
acute free border the
others are obtuse and
only slightly everted.
Over the bridge an ob-
tuse keel intervenes be-
tween the upper and
lower portions of the
shell. The free borders
of the posterior periph-
erals are acutely edged
and distinctly scal-
loped.
The sulci are every-
where deeply im-
pressed. The form of
the various scutes may
be clearly determined
from Figure 1. The
sits table gives the dimen-
FIGURE 2.—PLASTRON OF TRACHEMYS sScULPTA Hay. Cat. No. sions of the verte-
11839, U.S.N.M. NEARLY ONE-THIRD NATURAL SIzE
brals.
The nuchal scute is long and narrow and raised into a strong ridge,
that projects slightly beyond the free edge. The sulci separating the
costal from the marginal scutes traverses the peripherals some distance
below the costo-peripheral sutures from the nuchal to the eleventh
peripheral, where it rises and crosses the midline on the posterior
border of the suprapygal, a condition occasionally found in the West
Indian Pseudemys rugosa and P. palustrus. In T. hilli (Cope) this
sulcus crosses the midline below the suture on the pygal, and the sulci
more nearly coincide with the costo-peripheral sutures, as they do in
most specimens of Pseudemys that have come under my notice.
ant. 10 THE EXTINCT TURTLE TRACHEMYS SCULPTA—GILMORE 5)
Scute Length Width
Millimeters Millimeters
\VPeSRE STONE TU RA Sg Nang i NO NL SELL 3 4
a eg lp eg NN a a EN Al CN Ca 55 55
Cy AR 5S ea VOSS 58 59
0 ss UD SES PD RCT SENG RAO IRTP EST hs RTL SAC Sd NSS, 533 58
pS NAS RRS pA) TG aM eg ag Ate es a 49 65
The plastron is shown in Figure 2 with the missing epi-ento-and
xiphiplastral bones restored from related species. ‘The plastron is
flat, turning up slightly at the anterior end. Its surface is indistinctly
sculptured. The anterior lobe has a width of 132 mm., width of
posterior lobe 130 mm. The bridge is 118 mm. wide. The ento-
plastron has a greatest transverse diameter of 45 mm. The hyo-
plastra at the midline are 70 mm. long; the hypoplastra 81 mm.
_ The pectoral scutes are 36 mm. long at the center; the abdominals
74 mm. The pectohumeral sulcus passes 4 mm. posterior to the
entoplastron.
In the ornate sculpturing of the carapace, the alternate widening
and narrowing of the costal plates, and the costo-marginal sulci run-
ning well below the peripheral sutures, except on the pygal, Trachemys
sculpta has its closest resemblances in the West Indian Pseudemys
palustrus. In height of shell, however, the extinct form greatiy
exceeds any of the living species of Pseudemys except P. ornata.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLatTe 1
Trachemys sculpta Hay, Cat. No. 11839, U.S.N.M. Carapace viewed from
above. Specimen from ‘‘Golf course locality,’ Brevard County, Florida. About
one-half natural size.
6
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 10 PL. 1
TRACHEMYS SCULPTA. CARAPACE FROM ABOVE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 6,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS VOL. 77, ART. 10 PL. 2
TRACHEMYS SCULPTA. PLASTRON AND CARAPACE FROM LOWER SIDE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 7.
PLATE 2
Trachemys sculpta Hay, Cat. No. 11839, U.S.N.M. Plastron and carapace
viewed from the lower side. Less than one-half natural size.
7
PLATE 3
Trachemys sculpta Hay, No. 11839, U.S.N.M. Viewed from the right side
Slightly more than one-half natural size.
8
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1930
‘8 39Vd SES ALlV1d AO NOILVYNV1dXa HOS
S3qIS LHSOIY AHL WOYSN “VLdINOS SAWSAHOVYL
E“Id Ol “LYV “ZL “1OA ‘SONIGSHS90uUd WNASNW IWNOILVN “S “nN
THE HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE BY DR.
HUGH M. SMITH IN SIAM FROM 1923 TO 1929
By Doris M. Cocnran
Assistant Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians
For a number of years the United States National Museum has
been the fortunate recipient of rather extensive collections from
southeastern Asia. Dr. W. L. Abbott began work in this region
while its fauna was still relatively unknown, the remarkable collections
made by him in the islands of Malaysia as well as on the mainland
itself still yielding valuable material for study purposes. Other
collectors have augmented this material, and recognition of the
possibilities of the zoologic study of this region has been manifested
by various museums.
Most of Doctor Abbott’s reptiles and amphibians were taken in
Trong, Peninsular Siam. Our series of specimens from the northern
part of Siam was very limited until the time when Dr. Hugh M.
Smith, formerly Chief of the Bureau of Fisheries at Washington,
D. C., went to Bangkok to assume control of the development of
fisheries resources for the kingdom of Siam. Since 1923 we have
been receiving large and varied shipments of excellently preserved
biological specimens from Doctor Smith, from which some new
species have already been described. A complete list of the specimens
which he has sent to the United States National Museum from 1923
through 1929 has been prepared, and it is hoped that new locality
records will stimulate further work by various collectors in regions
only partly explored at the present time. The letter S preceding a
bracketed number indicates the collector’s number given to the speci-
men by Doctor Smith in the field. Original references are given to
species described since 1912, the date of Boulenger’s ‘‘Fauna of the
Malay Peninsula.”
No. 2834.—PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 77, ART. 11.
94383—30——1 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 77
AMPHIBIA
SALIENTIA
OXYDOZYGA LIMA (Tschudi)
U.S.N.M.
IPA recension Bandons seeks Ue tee Sept. 17, 1923.
OF 20 ie munvienale == ess 2 WSS) Rese TR SI Oct. 8, 1923.
67(305-Ge- ee eee eS Sikut River, Ban Pan__--_-- Novy. 25, 1923.
GU BO Mere ES weds es pasake Rivera eee eae Dec. 10, 1923.
GS ll Sas ue ee ee Gera Sim oe eee re a Jan. 12, 1924.
70040 (S2245)_...------ Bangkok: 2.7 takes Sages S Nov. 7, 1925.
COUZG—Seoes Ne ee ey Nong Mong, Krabin_------ Aug. 4-Sept. 1, 1925.
COVSOS G22 3. Sere Behe hy Lam Tong Lang___-------- July, 1925.
MOSM — SOLS eee ae Tora tise a ee ee es Aug. 7, 1924.
W2200—5 2S 2m seek eee Rahengese cease ye Oct. 17, 1926.
72249) (S2828) -.------.- Nakon!Sawanwseossn seme Oct. 12, 1926.
M2ZOV— Ore LOS fe Bangson, near Chumporn_-- October, 1926 (R. Hav-
mdller, collector).
75475-8 (S3513 part)_._.. Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok-_--- June 1, 1927.
CASADEI SS ence Srakeo, near Krabin----.-- May 10, 1928.
75650-2 (S3693-5) ------ Bam eK Kir serine MN arr Apr. 25, 1928.
COOWG Bee ere ee AE Ns Tadi Stream, Nakon Srita- July 7, 1928.
marat.
MOSG1I Stiinta Ue oe Chomtibomn'gees 2a aale ea Nov. 29, 1928.
[Called “‘kiet’’—the noise made by it.—H. M. S|]
OXYDOZYGA MARTENSI (Peters)
G29 Gi es Heke eins ee! SikuGeRiver: wm sau ane ae ae Nov. 15, 1923.
(O01 Sse s te Bangkok mei. 6 ny Gee Aug. 8, 1925.
(COMSAS i wee see Banesadet. 2 sais sua aa May 30, 1925.
CA QTARSSD eects ee eG Pare OI a tee ee ea May 16, 1925.
CAD SS sere es 2 es es rama son ela oe ere July, 1925.
(ipa Ua a AS aap as Ee ES 8 Retain Bang k okies SS uate es Pele oe Aug. 5, 1926.
W2NOG— Obed: ee sce es tii eee Ralen gt hile 2 pele eee es Oct. 17, 1926.
PPX Gye * Mie a ate aA ROVESY Oa Wed ee EN oe pS A UE, [Label lost.—H. M. S.]}
COPS OTA AS aise Se eee Nong iGhorsas ssa een Feb. 7, 1927.
CRS GSAS Matis So cen as aig gee Be Prachi See eee eee angen June 6, 1928.
CAO Use UR SC kL Tadi Stream, Nakon Srita- July 7, 1928.
marat.
76831 (S4058) __-------- iKaojSeming = 2/2 {267 Sos Oct. 17, 1928.
COSCO 2 Gee Scie eae et Chombongs ss aaa aie tes Nov. 29, 1928.
No. 72115 was taken from the stomach of a snake, U.S.N.M. No.
72072, Natriz submimata.
RANA ERYTHRAEA (Schlegel)
U.S.N.M.
G7 243-52ce 2 eee ae Bangpakong River__.------ July 2, 1923.
OU 2545 Soe beth ae ays ee INontalbo wri sya ee ee Sept. 2, 1923.
GHZ 7S Oi oe aes a eel ea HT BeaH Ves INTC Hy ye ayo Sa Oct. 8, 1923.
67469)\(S558)) 2222 22a es Koh Si Koh Ha, Tale Sap__ Oct. 7, 1923.
67470)(S639) = 22 e eee Nakon River] -. 224s sae Oct. 19, 1923.
art.11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM—COCHRAN 3
U.S.N.M.
70051-7383 (82036, 82041, Bangkok_..._.-.--------- July 30-Sept. 23, 1925.
$2114).
W2L00-111 (S2893) = 2-2 Chgset lee Jk Lia OE as June 11, 1926.
CSASUAL ga ies ane Si AalerINOi mae eels ena Ode Oct. 8, 1923.
72266, juvenal________-- Bangson, near Chumporn_-- October, 1926 (R. Hav-
molier).
W260) juvenal 222522222 IN On GK OTe aye ere ee ee, Feb. 7, 1927
75601-6 (S3773-8) ____-- Bangpli, Samrong Canal__-- June 2, 1928.
75658—60 (88738-9, Bangkok__--------------- May 18—June 19, 1928.
$3794).
MOOOSSLOR Me! et ee Tadi Stream, Nakon Srita- July 7, 1928.
marat.
76081-—2 (S8889-90) ___-- Ban Bem) Ngaqes es leae July 15, 1928.
The young specimen, 72661, from Nong Khor has a narrower tibia.
and shorter webs than the other specimens listed here. The speci-
men from Bangson, 72266, can not be positively identified because of:
its poor preservation and its small size.
RANA ALTICOLA Boulenger
72261 ___ eae oe nee ea S. E. of Tung Song_------- October, 1926.
This species is represented by 19 tadpoles collected by R. Havmdller
in a waterfall stream two hours’ journey southeast of Tung Song.
The tadpole with the light circle on the tail, its black color, and its
large size is not to be mistaken.
RANA RUGULOSA Wiegmann
This common species of frog has been collected in various regions by
Dr. Hugh M. Smith, as in Bangkok, Nong Khor, Nong Mong, Pak-
nampo, Nakon Sawan, Nong Ri, Prachin, Srakeo, Kanburi, and
Pichit.
RANA LIMNOCKHARIS Gravenhorst
This species seems to be met with wherever there are streams or
ponds. As rice fields are found throughout this region, there is every
opportunity for these frogs to breed and multiply, in spite of their
numerous enemies. ‘They have been collected by Dr. Hugh M. Smith
in the Bangpakong River, Rajaburi, Chao Phya, Nontaburi, Bandon,
Tale Noi, Sikut River, Pasak River, Bangkok, Nong Khor, Nong
Mong, Raheng, Bangson, Nong Ri, Bangpli, Prachin, Srakeo, Hue
Vieng, Sao Tong, Ban Chai Montri on the Klong Tadi, Ban Ta Yai,
Ban Prakien, Pichit, and on Koh Samui in the Gulf of Siam. Mr. R.
Havméiller has found it at Angkor, Cambodia.
RANA CANCRIVORA Gravenhorst
U.S.N.M.
67466-7 (S582-3)_______ Tale Noi village_-__-_ 2 __ Oct. 8, 1923.
67468 (S677) _____------ PaleiNakara’8 2284. vine ko! Oct. 20, 1923.
72213-7 (82668, 2671-4). Lem Sing__..-._._...-.__- June 11, 1926 [Padi
fields].
76827 ($4047), juvenal__. Kao Seming____-_.___-___ Oct. 11, 1928.
zt PROCEEDINGS OF TEH NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
The left foot of No. 67467 shows a peculiar malformation which I
have never seen before. The three outer toes are quite normal, but
the inner two toes are about equal in length and are grown together
almost to the tips. At half their length they turn sharply inwards at
right angles and finally point directly backwards toward the heel.
The other foot of this individual is normal.
RANA NIGROVITTATA (Biyth)
U.S.N.M.
(On Wee Aas A Pe a Lg a Pa ROT ese ee ee eis ese May 16, 1925.
UPANKG, (SEED) So ee Kohy@hane sis iis iu wean Jan. 6, 1926.
75593-600 (83765-72)___ Pran River, Peninsular Siam. May 25, 1928.
76846 (S4136),__________ Doi Ame kae Ws Cereals Dec. 8, 1928.
RANA KOHCHANGAE Smith
Rana kohchangae Smitu, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, 1922, p. 223,
pl. 9, fig. 5.
U.S.N.M.
(ON SS GX) se Ses a Kola Clyne sos koe ee Jan. 7, 1926.
Although these are all very young frogs which have not long com-
pleted their metamorphosis, they evidently are referable to this species
of large-headed frog which Dr. Malcolm Smith has recently described
from Koh Chang.
RANA LATERALIS Boulenger
U.S.N.M.
£20165-72 (S2170-—1, Nong Mong -___.___-___-_- Aug. 20-Sept. 1, 1925.
$2185-7, $2194).
‘70189-200, juvenal_____- lbpyon I Morne Ibayame SL July, 1925.
75522-3 (S3507-8) __---__- Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok ..-- June 1, 1927.
One of the most interesting finds was the discovery of this rather
rare species at Nong Mong, Lam Tong Lang, and Nong Ri.
The diagonal glands on the back are plainly visible in fully half
of the 20 specimens. The glands always run from the left shoulder
toward the right hip, and are frequently emphasized by a black
pigment accompanying them. The age of the individual seems to
have nothing to do with the development of these diagonal glands, for
some of the largest as well as some of the smallest ones are quite
smooth, while some show very distinct diagonal ridges.
RANA LIMBORGIT Sclater
U.S.N.M.
6/320 adults 2 2a ee ee STR A Sel oY Spring of 1924.
G732l—sjuvena le ae CG a Ma A Do.
Gi324) tadpoles =seee eee eee CLO Ue ae ee es Do.
One adult male and three very young frogs and some tadpoles
belonging to this species have been collected by Dr. Hugh M. Smith
in Siam, but unfortunately the exact locality record did not accom-
pany thespecimens. The adult (No. 67320) measures 33 m. in length,
which is exactly the same as one of Boulenger’s specimens cited in
art.11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM——COCHRAN o
Records of the Indian Museum,'! ‘This frog tallies in every point
with Boulenger’s summary of the species with one exception—the
last three phalanges of the fourth toe are said to be free of any web,
while in No. 67320 there is a narrow but distinct fringe of webbing
along the toe nearly to the terminal disk.
The three young frogs (67321, 67322, and 67323) have evidently
only just metamorphosed from the tadpole stage, and measure 12
mm., 10 mm., and 9 mm., respectively. In the largest of these the
web on the fourth toe may be plainly seen to extend nearly to the
terminal disk, although it becomes very narrow. A vial of tadpoles
accompanies these frogs, probably belonging to the same species.
RANA MACRODACTYLA (Ginther)
CU PEA DUA a Bangson, near Chumporn.. October, 1926.
This frog was collected by Mr. R. Havmdller.
RANA MACRODON (Duméril and Bibron)
U.S.N.M.
76064 (838538) ____------- Ban Kairiwong.s220e2 2a July 10, 1928.
[‘“Kob.” Back olive, with black spots —H. M. 8.]
RANA CHALCONOTA (Schlegel)
U.S.N.M.
WOUUSH(S3928)) 2 24 Le Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 17, 1928.
marat.
RANA LATOPALMATA Boulenger
U.S.N.M.
76844-5 (S4134—5)_.__-_- DoitAn eka eee eee rane we Dec. 8, 1928.
This is the first Siamese record for this species.
POLYPEDATES LEUCOMYSTAX (Gravenhorst)
U.S.N.M.
BAS 2 ry gee ge Ra AD UPB sep AR SER July 30, 1923.
(SVCD) i Nontaburies 42 cana Sept. 2, 1923.
67465 (S599) ___.-------- Ban@omn 2222 yes een 1922 (R. Havmdller).
TADS a tc a ea Ss A Bango kia eis hee UO. Aug. 7, 1923.
COILS a A Ban! Sadetes2s e002. 0825.0 May 30, 1925.
OLS ID ois a a aA ape Bl Nong Mong, Krabin_____- Aug. 22, 1925.
TOAD... | ae elgg) ee ete a Aug. 23, 1925.
70179-80 (S1962-8) ___--- Balke JO Gea seiiles cto May 18, 1925.
CRO TSA aU pee DA a mist iD, CLO CAN ate an May 16, 1925.
70203 (tadpoles) ._..--_-- Iekayaved oy gee os ie ee es: Aug. 4, 1926.
F218=31 (62864, $2745, | 1) Gon ac eee hu May 22-Dee. 9, 1926.
$2762, 82767-9, S2772-4
§2808-11, $2898).
M2294) (S294 6) 2S 2 so Toh Rao sys pn aae a eal 2 Dee. 29, 1926.
a0) (SPOTS) ee eS Bandon esi yee cu Jan. 6, 1927.
75525-45 (S3511)___----- Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok___- June 1, 1927.
75630-1 (S3727-8) ____--- Srakeo, near Krabin_____- May 10, 1928.
CGA, (SROS) Bs Beas ee TE Seenrallo canst ae ata Rac Apr. 16, 1928.
@ooGl—2) (S38692..53796).-” “Bangkok 22) we i Apr. 25—June 28, 1928.
WO836- (S402) 0 bse Mamipangs spate s ay Nov. 17, 1928.
1 Vol. 20, 1920, p. 57.
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 77
The tadpoles 70203 are in all stages, from the very small ones up
to one which already has the fore and hind legs but with the tail still
unabsorbed.
PHILAUTUS NONGKHORENSIS Cochran
Philautus nongkhorensis Cocuran, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dec.
2, 1927, p. 179.
U.S.N.M.
ROOSG VO He ee seta Noms) thors Seba eee ans Oct. 4-5, 1925.
POMOS Cygne) ue Ose ie Ch 2 OE ae ee. Oct. 5, 1925.
PHILAUTUS HANSENAE Cochran
Philauius hansenae Cocuran, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dec. 2,
1927, p. 181.
U.S.N.M.
70109, male adult (type). Nong Khor_______________ Oct. 4, 1925.
OTTO Gs sans Une oe uN neat hat CG Koga se: he Oct. 4-5, 1925.
70135, female adult______ Ban Sadeteeas chee mein ie May 30, 1925.
MICROHYLA PULCHRA (Hallowell)
U.S.N.M.
TAUB Retest aa i ae Re INons) Mon geass e see es Aug. 20, 1925.
75459-60 (83513 part)_._ Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok____ June 1, 1927.
MICROBYLA BUTLERI Boulenger
U.S.N.M.
CADE RSII SS) a ae IEE SNS None Khor’. 22 siege ek Sept. 27, 1925.
COPANO a gd ns SURG UOT Rn ROVE ZI CoA A aa cise Label lost.—H. M. 8.
MICROHYLA ACHATINA (Boie)
U.S.N.M.
OOS OW Sea ee ee NLS Banekokpy: re tae a ete Ke Aug. 8, 1925.
“AOI ORES GE NO NOT ee or INCovaleey I kG avoy ed ME i Ske Oct. 4, 1925.
DOS SA Ose Nee ert aA Tas plea CONE eee Ne Neee Behe Sept. 27, 1925.
W2295— 50 Ores new ater ne Eo) ey BEY jaa rN I Dec. 29, 1926.
CAPA SY OS acim Bane Koky: iver ie sia he Aaa ee Aug. 7, 1926.
TZ2OC68 Oe eee Sayers ewe Pe 6a WRN eA areas AMS Label lost —H. M.S.
75472-4 (83513 part)____ Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok__-_ June 1, 1928.
MOOS CS Bees WNL a Be ty. Pea ic WL ea De ee May 25, 1928.
ASST US 19 aes RE EM Heol Mao este ee ie ake ae Sept. 20, 1928.
Regarding the Koh Tao specimens, the collector notes that they
are found ‘‘in jungle near water. Back light gray-green with brown
markings. A black lateral streak. Very noisy at night.”
MICROHYLA BERDMOREI (Blyth)
U.S.N.M.
MOO9ZE(S2 Gi) eens INOmo GO ries seh on sagem Oct. 1, 1925.
C2132) (S2328) Eee sae SPS EEN sao Ko) ey esa Meg 8 Moe NS Nov. 15, 1925.
fp es ls RE SY INon gy Khor 3 22a iencgiecen Feb. 7, 1927.
72664 ($3087). == 22 -- Jayorayovlloyynn 4 ee January, 1927.
The specimen from Ronpibun was collected by Mr. R. Havméller.
The Pak Jong frog on which I based my description of Microhyla
malcolmi” is said by Mr. Parker to be an aberrant individual of
2 Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dee. 2, 1927.
ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM—-COCHRAN 7
M. berdmorei (see H. W. Parker, The Brevicipitid Frogs of the Genus
Microhyla.’’*
MICROHYLA ORNATA (Duméril and Bibron)
U.S.N.M.
OMS ee ee LS 8 Bangkok sioner Sie ery June 15, 1928.
CUES) ss See eg SikutMRiven.. oie suet Nov. 15, 1923.
WO04I SORE se se 2s ek Bangkok ised aes Ise Aug. 8, 1925.
WOOMOS SO tee Bh nee (ca art gona a alg ers Le Aug. 6, 1925.
ROOST OSs ae eee None Khoria see samy a Oct. 5, 1925.
AAO UBUS 2 Girne hc CL eae eae Mn Nee a Ee Oct. 4, 1925.
ADULTE IG) oD) Sa Nong Mone pea ee a Sept. 1, 1925.
MOMNSA pe meen oe Palko Some ie a Wee am aon May 16-18, 1925.
70202, many tadpoles_.__. Bangkok_____---_------ Aug. 4, 1925.
MOSSG One omei een. oye 3 Ieyayer VeGovoyene ew Sept. 27, 1925.
TPS VEN 0) Op pee Angkor Wat, Cambodia__ Jan. 12, 1926.
75461—71 (S3513 part)... Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok_-. June 1, 1927..
TEXAS he saa Srakeo, near Krabin_-_-_--_ May 10, 1928.
ULL Ease ale gl a Tadi Stream, Nakon Srita- July 7, 1928.
marat.
The numerous tadpoles from Bangkok recorded under U.S.N.M.
70202, while fairly transparent, are a dusky grayish color, and even in
alcohol show evidence of a purplish iridescence beneath. This bears
out Dr. Malcolm Smith’s observation * that ‘‘the transparent tadpole
of Microhyla ornata, as described by Stanley Flower, is by no means
always colorless but can assume quite a respectable shade of gray-
brown.” These tadpoles are not in a very advanced stage of develop-
ment, for in only a few cases do they have the hind legs, while none
have the fore legs.
KALOULA PULCHRA Gray
U.S.N.M.
oO) 2 a a a Banakoke sae iene eek July 14, 1923.
ies (0,9 Mines a Pasa Rimes cure We Dec. 10, 1923.
Giazon(Sol) eye. ee Bang ko kie se cuca yey July 7, 1923.
Bathroom of Hotel
Royal.—H. M.S.
70032-9 (S2048-55)___.-._-_-- GO sea a De ae Aug. 6, 1925.
M0090) (S21159) 23 oe IN foyaver I KINO ype athe Oct. 1, 1925.
MOMS 2TOS))2 622 ss INongs Vion eee aes Sept. 3, 1925.
M0200) ($2246) 22.2 2 a = Bang kok eeu e ew ia Nov. 7, 1925.
MUIR (S282 Oo Ses aw CSG AE A/a oe Sept. 8, 1926.
Dr. Hugh M. Smith’s yard.
72155 (82400)__________ Holy Change aie gl ys Jan. 11, 1926.
G2N86 (S2835) 2422 2 Palknam pore see ue Oct. 18, 1926.
75524 (S3514) _-2...-__- Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok_. June 1, 1927.
75586 (S3764)___------- Pree ese? ae el a a May 25, 1928.
75642-3 (S3630-1) _____- d GfaHyal OV Di a HAS a aS Ne Or Apr. 15, 1928.
75663-9 (83673, 83690, Bangkok___._._________- Apr. 22-28, 1928.
S$3703-7).
@6098 (S3912) e225 eee. Pichitiwe a2 a seu hae Aug. 8, 1928.
76125 (83940) ____.-.-.- Bang kokiig i aapee i ibsgk eh) Aug. 24, 1928.
3 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 2, November, 1928, p. 481.
‘Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, June, 1916, p. 33.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
[Called ‘‘ung-arng’’—the noise made by the creature during rains.—
H. M.S.]
CALLUELLA GUTTULATA (Blyth)
U.S.N.M.
COO OS soe RAR SRP tetas Nong Khor. 2232 see Oct. 5, 1925.
PONT Ey gi apg aT 9) Ss AG NS SR as LOE si BU te oh igcaet Do.
COLAC TOE GRA SES a Nong Monga 22a sae negee 2 Aug. 30, 1925.
COLE tad pole wee Aaa uee ney Goss 2 ilhe URS eS Aug. 22, 1925.
GLYPHOGLOSSUS MOLOSSUS Giinther
U.S.N.M.
72210-1 (S2500-1)______ Sikiuamearwicora: teers Feb. 25, 1926.
BUFO MELANOSTICTUS Schneider
U.S.N.M.
G7 235— 6252 Se ee Wie Pam pek ok ee wine a lass ie Nase June 8, 1928.
OAD AEC I SN eft I Nontaburijo ssa) seo ees Sept. 2, 1928.
OAS) (SH) a aE Koh Si Koh Ha, Tale Sap__ Oct. 7, 19238.
67464 (S579)_____...__- RaleyNot villages === see 1922 (R. Havméller).
70087-9 (S2197-9)_____- Bangkok 27 Maca tg enc Oct. 15, 1928.
CECA LIC = (CUES SE ESN RU Ue GG NE eA IN Nov. 11, 1926.
G2UGL S28 41) Ma Vat eng, Were hems eee Boccia Oct. 12, 1926.
72218-9 (S2665-6) _____- Wemay Sines ay Pk eas June 11, 1926.
42250 (82346) oS ae) Bangkok Sa ype simone El Dec. 16, 1925.
G22 (S2389) ees es Angkor, Cambodia-_-__.--_-- Jan. 12, 1926.
GODS SOO eae ea ee wa aN Ue OY Scene 6 AVS a aa) May 25, 1928.
75670-8 (S3687-9, 3691, Bangkok___._._-_-_._-_-- Apr. 25-28, 1928.
3698-3702).
@GO2T (S8S26) Uae Pes Ban TavVai Oi escuela July 9, 1928.
76096-7 (S3910-1)______ Cee Tah tts co ay SN. fa The i Aug. 8, 1928.
72116-7. These two young toads were taken from the stomach of a snake,
U.S.N.M. No. 72067, Holarchus cyclurus.
[Siamese name ‘“‘kang (=chin) kok (=hit or knock).”’ A popular
Siamese belief is that this toad may knock a person’s bare foot with
its lower jaw and make a poisonous wound, like a ringworm, with its
milky mucus. The wound may be treated with scraped human
finger-nails applied with water.—H. M. S.]
BUFO MACROTIS Boulenger
U.S.N.M.
75546-83 (S3509) ___---- Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok..-_ June 1, 1927.
BUFO PARVUS Boulenger
U.S.N.M.
(O1205(S3926) eee ee Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 16, 1928.
marat.
BUFO ASPER Gravenhorst
U.S.N.M.
72680)(S3089)) juvenal!]4)Ronpibuns- 29> 222s aa swe Jan. 1927 (R. Havmél-
ler).
WOO37a(S8Sol) eves yes BY aI DN) Koy wap iat gE RGU EN July 9, 1928.
76065-7 (S3848-9, S3866)_ Ban Kiriwong_------------ July 10, 1928.
76078-9 (S3875-6) __---- Banvituay ae) eae July 12, 1928.
76119 (S3921), juvenal__. Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 15, 1928.
marat.
art.11 HHRPHTOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM—COCHRAN 9
APODA
ICHTHYOPHIS GLUTINOSUS Linnaeus
U.S.N.M.
Gi258-00.H@-_- = 8 INontabunilesenmem a yee ee Sept. 2, 1923.
WOOZ0- st MS1975), S2218,, Bangkok (Sse > eae yi oe June 9-Oct. 30, 1925.
$2288).
TUG oe Sa a Se CLO Res rene eee us Mi ie Dec. 16, 1925.
72132-3 (S2820, S2895) _______ LOLA ET al ae Sept. 8-Dec. 7, 1926.
MeO OM (S29 B2) ee ae Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam____-- Jan. 1, 1927.
Moon(Saa gis hs oak peut So Kee ey Ries eA ia Aug. 4, 1927.
CGIZS) (S398t) 2s 2s Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam___-_- Sept. 18, 1928.
The presence or absence of a yellowish lateral stripe, used as a
distinguishing character to separate glutinosus from monochrous,
seems to be an unsatisfactory character. In a series of three speci-
mens, Nos. 70670-2 from Kepahiang, Sumatra, the proportions of
the head and the dentition show the three to be true monochrous; one
of them, however, has a light lateral band along the side, while the
other two have no trace of such a band. Another series of four
specimens, Nos. 70666-9 from Kaba Wetan, Sumatra, are monochrous
without any lateral stripe. A single specimen from North Pagi
Island, near Sumatra, No. 31701, has the head proportions and the
dentition of monochrous but has a very distinct yellow stripe down the
sides. While this stripe may thus be present or absent in monochrous,
it is constantly present in the fourteen specimens of glutinosus which
I have examined—2 from Ceylon, Nos. 5895 and 58751, as well as the
12 from Siam listed above. The adult female, No. 70029, measures
312 mm. in length and is distended with about 50 eggs, which measure
between 6 and 7 mm. in diameter. No. 76138 was found under a
decaying log in deep jungle.
REPTILIA
LORICATA
CROCODYLUS SIAMENSIS Schneider
U.S.N.M.
76089 (S3906)__-_--._--- Bung Borapet == eee a Aug. 7, 1928.
[This species is common throughout Central Siam and in certain
localities abundant. The place where this young was caught, Bung
Borapet, formerly had more than at present. The Minister of
Agriculture and the Director-General of the Royal Ivrigation Depart-
ment, both very familiar with this extensive lake-swamp, report large
crocodiles as having been taken here in the past, and both know of a
skull 1 m. long from a specimen about 7 m. long. The usual size,
however, is much smaller. Four crocodile eggs from this swamp on
August 8, 1928 measured 8.7 by 5.3 cm.; 8.5 by 5.4 cm.; 8.2 by 5.2
943838—30——2
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 77
em.; and 8.2 by 5.2cm. They were brought to Bangkok and began
to hatch August 31.—H. M. 8.]
CROCODYLUS POROSUS Schneider
U.S.N.M ®
CGB So TEE RN Re Le Bandon (Tapi) River__-__- Jan. 15, 1922, skull.
CGS ee ea aaa Inland)Seast 422220 R ea August 1923, skull.
72730-6 (S1424, $1478, Nakon Sritamarat___.____- Sept. 27—Oct. 8, 1926,
$1406, $1404, 81377, skins.
$1482, $1371).
The first two on this list were collected by Mr. R. Havméller. The
length of 67735 was 10 feet 6 inches, while 67736 measured 9 feet 8
inches. = Dr. Hugh M. Smith notes that they were literal ‘“‘man-
eaters.”
[Bung Sifai, southwest of Pichit, Central Siam, visited August 10,
1928. The swamp, about 4,000 rai in area (1 rai=1,600 square
meters) was said to have 1,000 crocodiles less numerous than 20 years
ago, as the extension of lotus growing in this swamp drives the croco-
diles to other bungs where there is no cultivation. No crocodiles are
killed here.—H. M. S.]
SAURIA
GONATODES SIAMENSIS Smith
Gonatodes siamensis SmitH, Sarawak Mus. Journ., vol. 3, pt. 1, no. 8, 1925,
p. 21.
U.S.N.M
TAD PAS IE BOS a a A Banvsadet.2 2228 Sacer’ May 30, 1925.
OAD Ae a OS 50) otk B20 a eT rag PS Sept. 18, 1928.
PHYLLODACTYLUS SIAMENSIS Boulenger
U.S.N.M
WOES ROUSE Ae eee Bee Koh aon a= ee ei ee ae Sept. 18, 1928.
HEMIDACTYLUS FRENATUS Duméril and Bibron
U.S.N.M
Gi 262 sei a ee ee Nontaburign. 22h ieee Sept. 2, 1923.
70274, juvenal______---- PONE ane duit Nice UN as MMe T WES EE 1925.
2269 (S2943)ae 2 an soe Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam-___-- Jan. 1, 1927.
72311-3 (S2950-2)_____- Band omed 2a eek. eee Reon Jan. 6, 1927.
PAC Milles ciao eg wa CE Ja kr aver (0) ce Rae eS ne a Ars Jan. 21, 1927.
OOO Tee LORMAN a Myra ee Nakon Sritamarat_____---- July 4, 1928.
76024 (S3824)_..___---- Ban Par Vaio ey aed Se July 8, 1928.
76095 (S3938) ---------- Pichit tee). Swe. Magee Ria Aug. 8, 1928.
7A. 0) CO As A ME NP ee Sonne a si oe ae ae Sept. 18, 1928.
MARY ici nie Noy. 28, 1928.
art.11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTICNS FROM SIAM—COCHRAN li
COSYMBOTUS PLATYURUS (Schneider)
U.S.N.M
Gii2 meee ee ee Re Non tal uric seen Aug. 20, 1923.
Gup Glee ee ee INomtalburie. ers ee re Sept. 2, 1923.
CDOTS i 2 le a MaleINO Tee wee Ca Ge Oct. 8, 1923.
WZoce—1008. 204k oe Bang koks 2s wen wea Jan. 21, 1927.
WO004 buses 2 leek Nakon Sritamarat_=--.-_-- July 4, 1928.
76088 (S3905)__-_------ anosuenviwan swale July 24, 1928.
MOSS 4a (N405M 2 2 oe. 2 oS AA OR SETI Cee ee Ace Oct. 17, 1928.
No. 72700 is a young lizard with two distinct heads, the extra one
growing from where the right shoulder should normally be.
PTYCHOZOON HORSFIELDII (Gray)
U.S.N.M.
Megs (S3988). £2. 1c Bam Elva ce) sed July 12, 1928.
(“Tok tao.” Very broad tail. Found in a mangosteen tree. Not
common. According to local people, if this lizard goes into a house
it brings good luck.—H. M. S.]
GEKKO GECKO (Linnaeus)
U.S.N.M.
Gime eee Nw ee RasakeRivers G2 oie kine ae Dec. 10, 1928.
M2048 -OMS25125 82907). Bangkoko. 2. 22-3425. 22 he Mar. 138—Dec. 28, 1926.
MNO QMS 2 boil) eh die 8 Raa UTI eee ne ae ea Apr. 10, 1926.
C2COUM(SaL2ZA) Seeks... LEY cael Co a a neo ae ea a aa Mar. 20, 1927.
Wot ban(S38515) 25228 Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok__.- June 7, 1927.
76040 (83856) ---_------ Banyisiniwongeesoo amas ‘July 11, 1928.
PEROPUS MUTILATUS (Wiegmann)
U.S.N.M.
72270-2 (S2944-6)____-- Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam_____ Jan. 1, 1927.
OUU Gamiene Lue Nakon Sritamarat.._._-_-- July 4, 1928.
CACTI ih Ne Ee aetna Koll aoieye ate aay aie Sept. 18, 1928.
DRACO MACULATUS Gray
U.S.N.M.
Ge SENS Ck bt i rete Koh yi @han gigas 2 ae ei as Apr. 5, 1924.
67477-8 (8938-9) _._-.-. ~---- Gomes ae eas Eee Mar. 31, 1924.
67479 (S598) ___-------- Blam Ombege ces eae enun eles ah 1922 (R. Havmiller).
DRACO QUINQUEFASCIATUS Gray
U.S.N.M.
72245 ($2748), adult male__ Bangnara__.____._______ July 14, 1926.
A color description by Dr. Hugh M. Smith denotes that the gular
flap was green; the wings were yellow and black, with white spots in
the black.
DRACO FIMBRIATUS Kuh!
U.S.N.M.
72235 (S2748), adult female. Bangnara______________- July 10, 1926.
72236 (82747), adult male______- (BM Cy ac OO a Sp July 14, 1926.
The gular flaps of both lizards were red in life.
12 PROCHHDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
DRACO VOLANS Linnaeus
U.S.N.M.
72237-44 (S2749-50, 82752-7)_ Bangnara___..-.-_-_------ July 15-21, 1926.
76059-60 (S3839, S3861)__---- Ban iiriwongeeesseee saa ee July 10-11, 1928.
76104-5 ($3920, 83918) _____-_- Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 15, 1928.
marat.
[76059. ‘‘Pung-ka-peek.’”’ Above rich gray-green with black spots;
cular flap blue-green; wings above black with orange spots, below
yellow-green with black bars; belly, gray-green, post-ventral region
purplish—H. M.S]
[76060. Back gray with pairs of black spots on middle; a black
spot on nape, another on top of head; gular region pale blue-green
with black spots; wings above black with orange spots, the margin
gray, below yellow-green, with black bands; belly pale yellow-green,
brighter on median line. Shot from coconut tree, a favorite haunt
for these creatures.—H. M. S.]
DRACO MELANOPOGON Boulenger
U.S.N.M.
76105-9 (83918, 838917, Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 15-16, 1928.
53919, S3922-3). marat. os
DRACO BLANFORDG Boulenger
U.S.N.M.
76110-4 (83916, 83927, Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 15-20, 1928.
S3929-31). marat.
DRACO TAENIOPTERUS Giinther
U.S.N.M.
(OZ66N(S1950) ee ee aes Pale Tom gua co See eo May 18, 1925.
76051-8 (83838, S3842-3, Ban Kiriwong___-_-_-----_- July 10-11, 1928.
$3863, 53868).
[76052. ‘‘Pung-ka-peek.”’ Like 76051. Above grayish-green, with
dark green mottlings; wings above bright yellow-green with black
bands, a broad maroon distal band, below yellow-green; gular flap
yellow, lateral flaps bright maroon below; belly pale yellow-green.—
Be MS:
ACANTHOSAURA ARMATA (Gray)
U.S.N.M.
OPAL (SMIGM os Soo INGOs INO Bea Oct. 1, 1925.
70245-7 (S1967-9) ____-- Banisadets so Uiuncc uae May 28, 1925.
MOZSOR(SZ195) Sees o INGOs Mom es Aug. 27, 1925.
IOAN O Yaeat iy iene Fes a 2 PAE A ami ons, Wane ss 225s ss" July, 1925.
CROPS) yatepta ie aes ya ica ue E716 (0 alo eames ane Ow ees May 18, 1925.
W2NASI(S2544)/ 2522 eae INO no eEGO eee Mar. 25, 1926.
Dr. Malcolm Smith has united erucigera with armata on the strength
of a large series from Nakon Sritamarat, in which all gradations in
the length of nuchal and postorbital spines could be observed. I had
found the same great variation in some of Dr. W. L. Abbott’s Malayan
collections and had reached the conclusion that crucigera was not a
distinct species, although I had no very large series from a single place.
~~
art.11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM—COCHRAN 13
CALOTES VERSICOLOR (Daudin)
Examples of this species, too numerous to be listed individually,
have been taken at the following localities: Rajaburi, Nontaburi,
Taluei Island, Tale Noi village, Bangkok, Nong Khor, Ban Sadet,
Pak Jong, Tha Chang, Sikiu, Bangnara, Bandon, Kanburi, Nakon
Sritamarat, Ban Chai Montri, and Ban Prakien.
CALOTES MYSTACEUS Duméril and Bibron
U.S.N.M.
GUZGM SLOT) = 22-225 2 Raky Jorge a set cena a May 18, 1925.
G2MGS(S2G6UG)= 222 C6 Ke oh ah a May 10, 1926.
72178-9 (S2814—5)_____- Bang Suk, near Pak Jong_. Aug. 18-19, 1926.
12209) (S2505))- 2 2 - Sikius mean Morateeesss = see Feb. 28, 1926.
(2404 (S3125)). ee Paks Jongehies eras Dyed Mar. 20, 1927.
72705 (83126) --..------ Tha Chang, near Pak Jong- Do.
75637-8 (S3626-—7) __---- IEE W A OED gael apse rena EY nd? Apre tie 19285
76093-—4 (3908-9) _____-- DEN anh peoua re Mp MSN a eR ae Aug. 8, 1928.
70267. The coloration of this adult male in alcohol is as follows:
A broad whitish band beginning beneath the nostril, extending and
widening along the upper labials, passing across the tympanum,
and ending above the shoulder, where it merges with the reddish
dorsal blotches; head and throat deep blue-black above and below
this white band. This specimen has a very large gular sac, which is
also blue-black in color.
[76093. ‘“‘Kingka.”’ Throat blue; ear area yellow; blotches on
back reddish brown.—H. M. §.]
[76094. Throat bright blue; a yellow stripe from snout to shoulder;
tail black-barred.—H. M. S.]
CALOTES EMMA Gray
U.S.N.M.
Gis0 2) (S044. S949, Koh Chane...) | Mar. 31-Apr. 3, 1924.
$951).
O25 (S2095) - 22 422. Nong Moneu eens Aug. 22, 1925.
70268 (S1958) ...------- Paks Jon gain odie seine ee May 18, 1925.
MANO (S239) oe ee ae Hoh! (Chang fae Weis acs ees Jan. 8, 1926.
MGOZSR(SSS20) es aaa ae 1 Yeo od Meek Ace i a ee SES July 8, 1928.
76030-2 (S8827-9) ____-- Ban Pa dit he SUV ae July 9, 1928.
76033-6 (S3832—5) ____-- Baa TY (orp ee se pain ea ae Do.
76042—50 (S3836-7, 53841, Ban Kiriwong_____-___---- July 11, 1928.
$3858-60,S3862,53864—
5):
MGOG2I(S3 S04) 22 ee Bamuieuig igs cae iwies 008 July 12, 1928.
MOUS nectar chee ee rg BaniPrakienas= seen oe es July 16, 1928.
7638378) (84094, S404)" Lampang #2 eee eee Nov. 17-18, 1928.
Nearly as plentiful as versicolor in some places, this lizard is not
found at Bangkok, and consequently does not appear so often in col-
lections having their main source at the imperial city of Siam.
[““Kingka.”’ This lizard very common in Ban Mor. Small boys
brought many specimens. The general color is pale green with rich
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
brown-red markings. 76025: Sides black, brown, and old gold.
76045: Light green with a cream-color lateral stripe and pairs of
black spots above and below the stripe; these spots continued also
on tail; sides rich green; throat greenish white, each scale with a
velvety, black base; belly white; a rounded black spot on side of
throat anterior to leg. 76047: Green with black crossbands; cross-
bands on tail brown; a black band through eye; top of head and lips
bright green; throat dead black; entire belly and inside of thighs
dusky to black. 76048: Back reddish brown with black spots that
form loops on middle of back; black blotches on sides; side of head
ereenish yellow with two black stripes above; a black spot on side of
throat; throat and entire under parts dirty white with dull black
markings. 76049: Bright green with narrow dark crossbands; a gray
longitudinal stripe along upper part of side; a black spot on side of
neck; top of head and lips pale green; a black stripe through eye;
five radiating black lines above eye; throat and breast creamy with
black lines; belly dirty white. 76050: A large green form with
brownish-red blotches. 76072: Very pale green with maroon mark-
ings; throat white with black lines; belly mottled brown.—H. M. 8.]
LEIOLEPIS BELLIANA (Gray)
U.S.N.M.
67471-5 (S940, 89438, S945, Koh Chang______---_--- Mar. 31—Apr. 1, 1924.
$948, $950).
BATS (SUOZO) Spee see oes Them Sing oes es Re ee Jan. 13, 1924.
70261—5 (S1952-6)_______-_ Pak Jomos isin: ie Wind May 18, 1925.
UPAOS ((SARUR) Ss Se Sikiu, near Korats--- === Feb. 27, 1926.
Wi2KOG(S2064) aaae oes eee J bpekray Sibavrege wa ie June 9, 1926.
TERS (SREZE) sae TEG Wall oubb a teeteelee eos Ope NN Apr. 10, 1928.
VARANUS NEBULOSUS (Gray)
U.S.N.M.
46039) (S3860) oe. 22s== Ban Kiriwong (Tadi Stream) July 11, 1928.
[The specimen is a young one. This form is called “ta-kuat.” It
was met with daily along the mountain streams, living among bowl-
ders.—H. M. 5.]
U.S.N.M.
TITALON(S 3192) eee a= IK@YWTAO. bese SeSeSaese4 Dec. 27, 1926.
VARANUS SALVATOR (Laurenti)
{Water lizard. Siamese name, “‘hia.’’ Found asleep at night on
Koh Tao and brought in by my men. Total length, 248.5 cm.
Black with yellow bands; yellow below. Male. Stomach contained
an enormous land crab swallowed whole. Intestines apparently free
from parasites. Skin and skull preserved. A specimen 1.5 m. long
found dead on Koh Tao beach December 29, 1926. It had deep
wounds in abdominal walls and was possibly killed by an eagle.
This kind of lizard is not uncommon within the city limits of
Bangkok, in large gardens where there are klongs (canals) and abun-
dant shrubbery. Most Bangkok gardens fulfill these requirements.
-
art.11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM——_COCHRAN 15
The hia is quite destructive to ducks and chickens. I have met with
this or related species all over central and peninsular Siam. In
Nakon Sritamarat in 1923 I saw one at very close range several times
that was 2.7m. long. As seen going through the jungle, this creature
had a real dinosaurlike appearance, with its long neck, small head, and
long, heavy tail. One has been reported to me by a British subject
long resident in Siam that was said to be 14 feet long. The usual
length is under 6 feet. The eggs are highly esteemed by the Siamese,
and are deemed fit for presentation to the royal household —H. M.5.]
TAKYDROMUS SEXLINEATUS Daudin
U.S.N.M
OZ Sameer kes Let ES Lam Tong Lang___------ July, 1925.
MZUSOR(S2GG) eee eae Bangkok Giese ee een Aug. 5, 1926. ‘‘Rare
in Bangkok.”
MABUYA MULTIFASCIATA (Kuhl)
U.S.N.M
Gielwereere hee ek Lk Kohi@hang. Sa umn Apr. 5, 1924.
GIASSH(S 942) 22 ee seek ol ke do Sain NM eee eee Mar. 31, 1924.
GVASIMS 722) 2220255 2-2 INopaKeD onbbe ae he Sept. 2, 19238.
70252-5 ($2094, S2098, Nong Mong_-_---------- Aug. 20-27, 1925.
$2100).
WO2 tO esuivienals 24 ooo. 2 Pak Jong sec ee aig May 18, 1925.
Oo gia opie e as Oe Te se Non oy iKthore eae e = eae Sept. 27, 1925.
Gotoa yuvenalss 22022017 Kohi@hange2as.s 22 aaa Jan. 7, 1926.
75455-6 (S3516—7) ____---- Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok-.. June 10, 1927.
75700-3 (S3677-9, S3736)_. Bangkok____.---.---.-- Apr. 23—May 18, 1928.
GOOAIE(SS855)) 55 Soe Seo BanyMiriwonga-. <2 sess July 10, 1928.
76069-71 (S8870-2) __----- Bancetuighaor seen ke July 12, 1928.
CADET Se eS DS gn (6 Ko SNES eer a TIM Do.
GO092) (S3907) 22 ee Prelit eee Sea aes Aug. 8, 1928.
[76041. Back dark green, a reddish-brown lateral band with pale
yellow spots; belly pale grass green; throat white; under side of tail
bottle green —H. M.S.]
[76069. Back brown with four or five black lines; a black lateral
band with white spots; belly salmon; under side of head and tail green.
Shot.—H. M.S.]
MABUYA LONGICAUDATA (Hallowell)
U.S.N.M.
G/490) (S937) 2222 foes es Bang kolkeiya tue ava ule Mar. 28, 1924.
70229-40 (2044-5, S2056-7,-_-__ CLO Pe SNe ia as Aug. 4—Oct. 27, 1925.
§2063-4, $2071, $2079-80,
$2166, $2220, $2234).
COZat(S2010) = sa Fe Tamphong ibang .222 3 32s 2a July 20, 1925.
72091-8 (S2831, S2340-3, Bangkok___..._._.---.--- Nov. 9, 1925—Apr.
$2451, S2597-8). 21, 1926.
W2LAG) (S2542) ee ae INOn ee In Or es Sole eer Mar. 21, 1926.
M2UGGICS2ZG15) 2a Se ae Depa) ei [Coy ner gies ee Me ean SUN UES ars Apr. 30, 1926.
GMa (S289) so eee aN ee Tha Chang, near Pak Jong. Nov. 20, 1925.
72232-3 (S2758, S2751)____- Bangnara ah 8 cae ie Wiens July 16-22, 1926.
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THH NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 7
MABUYA MACULARIA (Blyth)
U.S.N.M.
WOQTS ELL S BED ee ce IS Paks Jones aot 2 oo Moers May 18, 1925.
FOS Bie eS aN eC OE ee CE a ey ae Do.
W2099 (S2344) ooo See Woe Bano kok sien ao Ms peene a Dec. 16, 1926.
(Q2MoSe (S239G) eee eee Kohy Chang sees sa eenea eee Jan. 7, 1926.
7267-9) (S2327,, S2911—-2)- 2 Pak Jong 222222252 2e sees Nov. 15, 1925-Dec.
19, 1926.
CONTA (RIS eagle Ua EN te Nong hor ssa eee Feb. 7, 1927.
AGWIGE(S3925) = Aes so Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 16, 1928.
marat.
46832) (S4053) = eee eee KAO Semi geyser wee Oct. 13, 1928.
OSE eee se SI aU hum amy Mise ee eae Nov. 19, 1928.
LYGOSOMA ANGUINOIDES Boulenger
U.S.N.M.
CTs oe ee i Ree ae Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam_____- Jan. 1, 1927.
A note by Dr. Hugh M. Smith regarding this lizard says that it was
found ‘‘under a log in deep jungle. Back white, with lines of dark
green spots; a black lateral band, general color gray-green. Only one
seen. Apparently rare.”’
It agrees very well with Boulenger’s original description, except
that it has 5 upper labials instead of 6. Dr. Malcolm Smith has
collected this species and has reported that some of his specimens have
5 upper labials.= In my specimen the pair of preanal scales are not
much enlarged although the three ventral scalesimmediately preceding
them are conspicuously widened. There are 22 scale-rows around the
middle of the body. The head and body measure 46 mm., the tail
(apparently complete) 43 mm.
LYGOSOMA QUADRUPES (Linnaeus)
Scale rows at
U.S.N.M. mid-body
6726602 6 soe Nomtalouiele : ad en uel aa Sept. 25) 19280! 2 2 eae 26
GT 267 ea ana i os atc GOS FES ENE RVI S DA do #2 o9UL | ae 24
G1268 <5 Sse ae as CLO eC hc) a a a do. 2.2.2 ee 24
GIZG9 ES) Aaa (BIG) spay A en a a in AT do. 232242. 22 24
CUZ Re ewe. DE COG) ce pg el a dol oe Ue nara 26
TZS2O SOR he mes 1 Beth OE toy Seis A Bie 0 alte A ah PEE Dec.-8,, 1926.4. 2 ee 24
MDS DNs RAR Nee GO eae AN EONS a SNE Ge. 32 oe 26
COAST eee Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok_____-_ June, LO! 2a a ee 24
TOADS ieee cai haeedeeea se COL) yc a eg NS UM doe ae 24
COCA ger eS an our sae een ia OE Apr. 9, T9280 se eee 24
DCO AS 2 ete 2 a) Bano ko kite sey oie oon aaah Dee! 17; 19275. 2 ae sere 26
CASA) Ieee os ae OER eh, Soa ee yt May ills, 1928022 s aaa 24
In this species the scale rows of the body are far from being regular,
so that it is possible to get a number of different scale counts on the
same individual at different places. The minimum is given here.
§ Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, 1916, p. 157.
agt.11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM—-COCHRAN 1
SPHENOMORPHUS MACULATUS (Blyth)
U.S.N.M.
CTASTMSOL Ne eee 8 TiC @al (Glave wae tae a eS a eet Mar. 31, 1924.
702438-44_______-.-.-_-- Nome wih or yas swear E a sa as Sept. 22—Oct. 1, 1925.
ZA DERG) og a gy am longe Wang. soso July, 1925.
72144-5 (S2545-6) _____- Nong) Ken oni se bg ak 8 Mar. 25, 1926.
WOU7O.(S2614) Koh Chane Weiss Prat Apr. 28, 1926.
76062-3 (S3852, S3854)_. Ban Kiriwong___---------- July 10, 1928.
@O0VA-Saeok el eke AB EW VA G (LOMA Res ec Nn aa July 12, 1928.
76115-6 (S3924)_______- Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 16, 1928.
marat.
[76062. ‘‘Ching-len.”” Back and top of head brown; a black band
from eye to thigh with pale yellow spots; an ill-defined pale yellow
band from snout, under eye, to thigh with brownish reticulations;
belly bright green-yellow, becoming pale gray-green posterior to
vent; throat white; a pale stripe on each side of yellow abdomen;
dorsal surface of legs brown with black and pale yellow spots; ventral
surface of legs pale yellow-green; edge of eyelids pale yellow.—
H.M.S.]
FIGURE 1.—SPHENOMORPHUS HELENAE. TYPE. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 67265.
FROM NONTABURI, SIAM. @, TOP OF HEAD; b, PROFILE VIEW; C, UNDER SIDE OF
HEAD
SPHENOMORPHUS HELENAE Cochran @
Sphenomorphus helenae Cocuran, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dee. 2,
1927, p. 183.
U.S.N.M.
Gi2G5Rty pews. wy eS INontalourise mee eee cee Sept. 2, 1923.
RIOPA BOWRINGII (Giinther)
U.S.N.M.
D7 CAD ee Rls DE eal ee INomballo mle em eis eee ee Sept. 2, 1923.
72277-81 (S2933-5, S2937-8)_ Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam__-__- Jame:
229 Dire |. ae LE) Aaah nae AM Go aio eA a een Dec. 31, 1926.
CLES USES 5 cAI I Oy ee INGiayer IE Noe = Ne Le Feb. 7, 1927.
TACHI UESS ES ORIN RU ne coe Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam____. Sept. 18, 1928.
94383—30——3
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
RIOPA HUGHI (Cochran)
Sphenosoma hughi Cocuran, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dec. 2,
1927 p. 185.
U.S.N.M.
72274-6 (82936, S2941 type, Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam____ Jan. 1, 1927.
$2942).
TOlAS 50. me gia ae do) tea aaa Sept. 18, 1928.
FiGURE 2.—RIOPA HUGHI. Typr. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 72275. From Kou TAo, GULF or SIAM.
a, TOP OF HEAD; b, PROFILE; C, UNDER SIDE OF HEAD
RIOPA HERBERTI (Smith)
Lygosoma herbert Smiru, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc., Siam, vol. 2, 1918, p. 45.
AO OM Gas vedere Maer be C8 Ak Bamgbhenit tas sa = seats hae July 12, 1928.
LEICLOPISMA EUNICE Cochran
Leiolopisma eunice Cocuran, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dec. 2,
1927, p. 187.
U.S.N.M.
HOZ—2equvemalie ew oc s ss Paki Jompic so oo uae eee May 18, 1925.
72180 (82816), type--_-- +... Bang Suk, near Pak Jong... Aug. 19, 1926.
DOSS iON Mans eas VS le Doi Angka, 7,060 feet_____- Dec. 4, 1928.
FIGURE 3.—LEIOLOPISMA EUNICE. TypE. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 72180. From Bane SUE,
NEAR Pak JONG, SIAM. @, TOP OF HEAD; b, PROFILE VIEW; C, UNDER SIDE OF HEAD
LEIOLOPISMA PRANENSIS, new species
Diagnosis —Limbs well developed; ear opening distinct; lower
eyelid with an undivided, transparent disk; no supranasals; four
art.11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM—_COCHRAN 19
median dorsal rows enlarged; prefrontals forming a long median
suture; hind limb reaching three-fifths to four-fifths the distance to
axilla, reaching wrist or elbow; 21 keeled subdigital lamellae on the
fourth toe.
Type —U.S.N.M. No. 75591, from Pran, Peninsular Siam, collected
on May 25, 1928, by Dr. Hugh M. Smith.
Description of the type—Distance between the end of snout and
forelimb about one and one-third times in distance between axilla
and groin; limbs well developed, pentadactyle; hind limb barely
reaching wrist when adpressed, covering about three-fifths the dis-
tance from groin to axilla; snout obtusely pointed; lower eyelid with
an undivided, transparent disk; no supranasals; rostral convex,
forming an almost straight suture with the frontonasal which. is
broader than long; nostril large, pierced in the nasal; prefrontals
forming a long median suture; frontal very narrow behind, a little
FIGURE 4.—LEIOLOPISMA PRANENSIS. Typrr. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 75591.
FROM PRAN, PENINSULAR SIAM. @, TOP OF HEAD; 0, PROFILE VIEW; ¢,
UNDER SIDE OF HEAD; d, DORSAL SCALES AT MID-BODY
shorter than the frontoparietals and interparietals together and in
contact with the two anterior supraoculars; a large temporal scale
bordering the parietals; four large supraoculars, the first longer than
the second; on right side eight superciliaries, on left seven; fronto-
parietals a little smaller than and distinct from the interparietal,
which shows the pineal body very plainly as a round black spot;
parietals forming a suture behind the interparietal; two or three pairs
of enlarged nuchals, slightly irregular in shape; the suture between
fifth and sixth upper labials fallmg below center of eye; ear opening
roundish, less than half the size of the eye opening, with two or three
‘very weakly developed lobules in its anterior margin; about 30
smooth scales around the body, the four median dorsal rows con-
siderably enlarged; the laterals a little smaller than the ventrals and
not arranged with perfect regularity; a pair of enlarged preanals;
digits compressed, especially towards the tips; all the subdigital
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
lamellae with a distinct keel, 21 under the fourth toe; tail about one
and one-fourth times as long as the head and body.
Dimensions.—Snout to vent, 38 mm.; snout to posterior ear, 9 mm.;
snout to shoulder, 14 mm.; snout to center of eye, 4.5 mm.; axilla to
eroin, 20 mm.; hind leg, 15 mm.; fore leg, 11 mm.; tail, 48 mm.
Coloration (in aleohol).—Upper parts of head and body black, with
a pale blue dorsal stripe beginning on the top of the snout and con-
tinuing to the end of the tail; a pale lateral stripe beginning on the
upper eyelid, passing considerably above ear and shoulder and fading
out above insertion of hind limb; below this lateral stripe the black
rapidly fades out to an opalescent immaculate cream color which
covers the entire under surface; upper surfaces of limbs and tail pale
brown, the fingers and toes ringed with brown.
Paratype —U.S.N.M., No. 76850, collected at Doi Angka, Siam,
on December 2, 1928, by Dr. Hugh M. Smith. This specimen is
slightly larger than the type. Its dimensions are as follows: Snout
to vent, 39 mm.; snout to posterior ear, 11 mm.; snout to shoulder,
16 mm.; axilla to groin, 19 mm.; hind leg, 17 mm.; fore leg, 14 mm.;
tail, defective.
The only noticeable difference in the structure of the two is to be
found in the ear opening which is elongate in the paratype, while
nearly round in the type. The paratype has stronger markings than
the type. The lateral stripe from axilla to groin, barely discernible
in No. 75591, is quite well defined in No. 76850, as are the black
bands encircling the fingers and toes at the joints. Dr. Hugh M.
Smith notes that the tail of the Doi Angka lizard was bright orange.
The scales on upper surfaces of the limbs are heavily dotted with
dark brown at the base; in the type this pigmentation is less pro-
nounced. There are 21 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe of
No. 76850 and 32 scales around the body. There is but one pair of
enlarged nuchals; these are much larger, however, than the nuchals
on the type specimen.
Relationship —While the new species is very distinct from any of
the described Malayan species of Leiolopisma, yet it seems consider-
ably closer to ZL. vittigerum than to any of the others, because both
species have conspicuously enlarged dorsal scales. They differ in
coloration, in the number of enlarged dorsals, in the keeling and num-
ber of the subdigital lamellae and in the number of scale rows around
the body.
LEIOLOPISMA KOHTAOENSIS Cochran
Leiolopisma kohtaoensis CocHRAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40,
Dec. 2, 1927, p. 188.
U.S.N.M
PPA Va DEIN tO Me Sle Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam____- Dec 31, 1926.
CIO R ST SET G 0 peeve mE oe eo eS CL Oe ee ARAN Do.
7G14G= 7 Ribas oorsia hs eR cain Sept. 18, 1928.
art.11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM—-COCHRAN 21
In No. 76146, received since the publication of my original descrip-
tion, the prefrontals do not quite meet, allowing a short suture
between the frontal and the frontonasal. In the paratype, No.
FIGURE 5,—LEIOLOPISMA KOHTAOENSIS. TYPE. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 72284. From
KOK Tao, GULF OF SIAM. 4G, TOP OF HEAD; 6, PROFILE VIEW; C, UNDER SIDE OF HEAD
72283, the contact between the prefrontals is very short indeed, as I
have already recorded.
DASIA OLIVACEA Gray
U.S.N.M.
We2o 45 (P2059) i4 Oo ee! Banenarazien: lip e ane July 22, 1926.
76061 (S8840)__._-_-_-- Ban eKariwong) 2s July 10, 1928.
(6833, (84055) ___-----.- Kao; Seming es Age ene ee aoe Oct. 10, 1928.
[76061. ‘“‘Krong kreng.”’ Back rich. gray-brown with crossbands
of black and white; terminal part of tail uniform brown; belly bright
grass-green; edge of eyelids pale yellow.—H. M. S.]
TROPIDOPHORUS BERDMOREI (Blyth)
U.S.N.M.
76842) (S4106) -- =e i SSQss=
=
Ficurn 3.—RIGHT RAMUS OF PALEOSCINCUS RUGOSIDENS. TYPE. No. 11868,
U.S.N.M. Erm enon
ee ~ =~ Forcasreanire
wt \
t
On
| Basisreawire
'
PRESTERWITE
NORTH AMERICAN PLATYSTOMOIDEA
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 33.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 17 PL. 3
NORTH AMERICAN PLATYSTOMOIDEA
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 34.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 17 PL. 4
NORTH AMERICAN PLATYSTONMOIDEA
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 34.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 77, ART. 17 PL. 5
MHA
YS
hh M4 | i
66
NORTH AMERICAN PLATYSTOMOIDEA
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 34.
rAd
ante
ee.
NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS OF THE
GENUS LIXUS
By F. H. Currrenpren
Senior Entomologist, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of
Agriculture *
The study of several collections of the curculionid genus Liawus
inhabiting America north of Mexico resulted in finding several
species which the writer considers new to science, and also a few
variants, all of which will be described.
It has not been possible for the writer to secure the loan of Blatch-
ley’s types of lupinus, morulus, and cavicollis, as they are all unique,
but that author very kindly furnished a specimen of his leptosomus.
L. crassulus Notman is also unique, and Fall’s peninsularis has not
been seen, although specimens of his bischoffi, perlongus, and mari-
temus were available.
In the studies relative to this paper the writer has enjoyed access
to the collection of the United States National Museum, including
‘the Casey collection containing Casey’s types and other valuable
material; the collections of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural
Sciences, the National Museum of Canada, the Illinois State Natural
History Survey, the University of Kansas, and the Colorado State
Agricultural Coilege; and the collections of Messrs. L. L. Buchanan,
F. 8. Carr, D. K. Duncan, Warren Knaus, and H. P. Léding. Val-
uable material was furnished also by C. A. Frost, M. H. Hatch,
KE. C. Van Dyke, and J. B. Wallis.
It is a matter of common knowledge that the secondary sexual
characters are vested in the rostrum: 1, that of the female being
longer and usually more arcuate, and that of the male being both
shorter and thicker; 2, that of the female being usually more shining
black, and that of the male being more or less covered with pubes-
cence. ‘This is noticeable in such species as fimbriolatus, perforatus,
scrobicollis, mucidus, laramiensis, and pervestitus. The place of in-
1 Doctor Chittenden died on September 15, 1929.