Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Ontario Council of University Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/proceedingscalif03cali PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FOURTH SERIES Vora lel 2 gb yer ng 5 7 7 1908-1913 aN SAN FRANCISCO PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY 1913 CONTENTS OF VOLUME III. Prates I-XXVIII. PAGE Title page on..cseccncecccesesneeecvescceeesnecsnmnescetenseeennseensestdarssscsesescnesetnecsanscensecenstronstenesesnate i corn ert ce aaa ee create a neatenne nes cecncewenaterevonsusnsneacvoncmresazares iii A Further Stratigraphic Study in the Mount Diablo Range of Cali- fornia. By Frank M. Anderson .........--::-::-s1:esssecceeceeeetenetenets 1 (Published October 31, 1908) Description of a New Species of Sea Snake from the Philippine Islands, with a Note on the Palatine Teeth in the Proteroglypha. By John Van Denburgh and Joseph C. Thompson. (Plate [)........ 41 (Published December 31, 1908) New and Previously Unrecorded Species of Reptiles and Amphibians from the Island of Formosa. By John Van Denburgh.................-.-.. 49 (Published December 20, 1909) Water Birds of the Vicinity of Point Pinos, California. By Rollo TE Capregs ie [ed BY ol el ee ee ee Ser 57 (Published September 17, 1910) The Neocene Deposits of Kern River, California, and the Temblor Basin. By Frank M. Anderson. (Plates [I-XIII) .......-....---- 73 (Published November 9, 1911) Notes on a Collection of Reptiles from Southern California and Ari- zona. By John Van Denburgh..........-----.:---eceec cece ences 147 (Published January 17, 1912) Notes on Some Reptiles and Amphibians from Oregon, Idaho and Utah. By John Van Demburgh.....-...-..---.:-::s-ccossse sce eeseeeceeeeeeeeeeesteceeets 155 (Published January 17, 1912) Geologic Range of Miocene Invertebrate Fossils of California. By James) Perrin Srithss.ccc.ceni-eceeeneecceeccsccecececteesnnsenntenstcessnensneecentoceenseecseces 161 (Published April 5, 1912) Description of a New Genus and Species of Salamander from Japan. By Surgeon J. C. Thompson. (Plate XIV)... 183 (Published May 3, 1912) Concerning Certain Species of Reptiles and Amphibians from China, Japan, the Loo Choo Islands, and Formosa. By John Van Den- Punta a OE a eh a ceeds beens aces cacestyaesderwedee esatcncossatasadonsen 187 (Published December 16, 1912) Notes on Ascaphus, the Discoglossoid Toad of North America. By Johns Varn D emibrrrg treo ooo cesccecce cece tec ccsenn cen stnceneneateensnstectnuenaesoesseocecnress 259 (Published December 21, 1912) A Distributional List of the Mammals of California. By Joseph Cyst Uy (URI HORDE YEDSO) YON) i ee asa eee 265 (Published August 28, 1913) A List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Arizona, with Notes on the Species in the Collection of the Academy. By John Van Den- burgh and Joseph R. Slevin. (Plates XVII-XXVIII) ..............-.--. 391 (Published November 5, 1913) December 30, 1914. Index a PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FourtTH SERIES Vo. III, pp. 1-40 OcrtosBer 31, 1908 A FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY IN THE MOUNT DIABLO RANGE OF CALIFORNIA BY FRANK M. ANDERSON Curator of the Department of Invertebrate Paleontology CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTICN j : 3 2 Z ; 2 CONDITIONS OF DEPOSITION DURING THE TERTIARY 6 THE CRETACEOUS AND EARLIER SERIES 8 THE EOCENE ROCKS 9 Distribution 9 Stratigraphy 11 The Lower Sandstones 12 The Lower Shales 5 : : : ‘ ; F P 13 The Upper Sands . : : A : : : : : i4 The Upper Shales . : i ; F ; ; : : 15 THE MIOCENE SERIES. ; ; : é j F : 4 17 The Temblor Beds . ; ; é ; j , ; 5 18 The Monterey Shales : ; : ; ; ; 3 : 20 The Coalinga Beds : . : : : : ; : 22 THE PLIOCENE SERIES . : : ; F ; : ; 28 The Etchegoin Beds . : : : : ; ; : 28 The Tulare Formation . : : : F ; : ‘ 31 THE PLEISTOCENE RECORD . : : : 7 : j ; 32 The Terraces . : ‘ : ; : j ; ; ; 32 The Pleistocene Deposits : : : ; : : : 34 STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS. ; ; , ; : : : 35 CORRELATIONS ; : : g 5 ; : : : : 37 October 31, 1908 bo CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. INTRODUCTION When the earlier paper on this subject was published, under similar title, in 1905," it was intended that it should be the first of a series of contributions to be offered at intervals as time and opportunity were afforded for the further study of the region. During its preparation it was not unforeseen that some of the details, or some of the applications of general conclusions, would subsequently require alteration or amend- ment, as exploration in the field should be extended farther and a more complete knowledge of the details should be ac- quired. With this in view it was nevertheless believed that such a contribution would be well worth while, even though corrections might be found necessary as the study progressed, since it would at least serve to stimulate investigation and thus tend to develop our knowledge of the subject. And this result has undoubtedly been attained. Since the publication of the former paper, the attention of the U. S. Geological Survey has been directed to this field; and a systematic study of its stratigraphic and economic fea- tures has been begun, which will undoubtedly add much to our present knowledge. During the two years and more since the publication of the earlier paper, exploration has been extended along both sides of the range for many miles beyond the portions that had then been covered, affording opportunity for more detailed work and for a better acquaintance with the stratigraphy and with the conditions under which deposition took place than was then possible. Prior to, and after the publication of the former paper, large collections of fossils, chiefly marine invertebrates, had been made from all of the formations represented. As these had been stored in the Academy of Sciences, they were lost when it was burned in the great fire of San Francisco. In- 1Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3d ser. Geol. v. 2, no. 2, pp. 156-248. Vor. IIT] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 3 deed, at the time of the fire the present paper was in process of preparation and the manuscript was partly written; but on account of the destruction of the collections, its publication has not only been delayed, but in the form and matter of its contents it has been considerably altered and reduced. The general statements made in the earlier paper concern- ing the stratigraphic sequence in the Mount Diablo range, have proved to be fairly correct, and the same may be said of the formal statement of conclusions. It is only in their application within a certain definite portion of the field (and this within the area covered by the map) that any amendment is required. However, under a combination of circumstances, such error was unavoidable: In the first place, the field had been approached from the south, which was a direction of several disadvantages; in the second place, little was known from the literature concerning the general stratigraphy of the Eocene, and supposed Oligocene of the West-coast, and less concerning the geologic range of certain species of invertebrates, such as Pecten peckhami, and certain species of Tellina and Leda, and of several forms in the later Neocene. Since the former publication, however, some important ad- ditions have been made to the literature of the West-coast Tertiary, chiefly by Dr. Ralph Arnold’ and by Geo. H. Eldridge and Arnold; and the paleontology of the Tertiary formations of the West has been somewhat enlarged. It is due also to remember certain observations made by Mr. J. S. Diller,’ presumably upon the authority of Dr. Dall, regarding the occurrence of Pecten peckhami in the supposed Oligocene deposits of northwestern Oregon. While it may remain to be proved that the entire series described by Mr. Diller is properly referable to the Oligocene, it is clear that below a great thickness of sandy strata which are probably lower Miocene, there is a still greater series of ashy clay shales 1Tert. and Quat. Pectens of Calif. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. paper 47, 1906. 2See discussion of the oil districts of southern California in Bulls. 309 and 321, U. S. Geol. Surv. 3U. S. Geol. Surv. 17th Ann. Rept. pt. 1, pp. 464-469. 4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. and sandstones with a very different fauna. Toward the top of this lower series the fauna includes: Dolium petrosum CoNRAD Scaphander Nucula truncata GABB Cylichna Yoldia impressa CONRAD Leda Pseudomusium peckhami Gass Tellina Dentalium And still lower in the conformable series was collected a fauna that was referred without a doubt to the Eocene, among which were the following: Heteroterma trochoidea Gasp (?) Pyrula tricostata Lam. Rimella canalifera Gass Aturia angustata CONRAD Urosyca candata GaBB Mr. Diller adds: ‘Notwithstanding the presence of Aturia, which is a characteristic Oligocene form, Dr. Dall refers these fossils to the Eocene.” Writing later of the Oligocene in the United States, Dr. Dall’ says: “In the southeastern United States there is no marked stratigraphic break between the Eocene and the Oli- gocene. Many of the fossils persist into the upper beds, but the fauna as a whole undergoes a well-marked alteration, showing that physical changes of some sort, such as would profoundly affect the fauna, must have taken place. The change by which the Oligocene was brought to a close and the typical Miocene inaugurated, caused, as already described, the most remarkable faunal break in the geological history of the United States after the Cretaceous.” The stratigraphic relations of undoubted Oligocene deposits in California have not been so clearly stated, though there are supposed Oligocene deposits on the southern coast that have been similarly described. Dr. Ralph Arnold* has described Oligocene deposits from the Santa Cruz mountains lying below the lower Miocene with a fauna which he considers intermediate between typical Tejon and lower Miocene. This fauna includes Pecten peckhami and other forms not unknown in the Miocene of California. 1U. S. Geol. Surv. 18th Ann. Rept. pt. 2, p. 331. 2U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. paper 47, pp. 16-17. Vor. III) ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 5 Geo. H. Eldridge and Arnold* have also described beds of transitional character, presumably Oligocene, as occurring in the Coast ranges of Ventura county, California. Eldridge and Watts* had considered this series, known as the Sespe formation, to be of Eocene age; but as Arnold found Miocene fossils in its fauna, it has been provisionally referred to the Oligocene. It appears, therefore, that below the Miocene, and occupy- ing an intermediate position between it and the Eocene, there occur in Washington, Oregon, and California, marine beds that have been provisionally referred to the Oligocene, and that appear to be conformably related to the Eocene deposits, but from which the Miocene is more or less separated by either a stratigraphic or a faunal break. In the following pages illustrations will be found in which similar relations appear, but in which the strata involved have not yet been proved to be of the Oligocene age. It is the purpose of this second paper to present results that have been attained since the publication of the first, to amend it where necessary, and to supplement it by the addi- tion of such new facts as have been gathered in the more extended study of the field. Furthermore, as the former paper has become all but inaccessible through the total destruc- tion of the reserve stock of the publications of the California Academy of Sciences, it is thought worth while to embody its results, in an abbreviated and improved form, in a second publication. It is not intended that this paper shall be complete either in its scope or in its treatment of the subject, but that it shall, at least, be suggestive of some of the many interesting fea- tures of the field, and of the various phases of geological study that find here abundant and excellent illustration. One of the important factors to be considered and worked out in a stratigraphic study of any region is that of the condi- tions of deposition—that is, the physical geography of the time and the various influences that may have affected the 1U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 309, pp. 7-12. ? Calif. State Min. Bur. Bull. 11, pp. 25-26. 6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. character and distribution of the sediments of which the strata are composed. In the Tertiary deposits of the Mount Diablo range, along its entire extent of nearly 300 miles, there is a great variation in the character and composition of the constituent rocks, presenting every variety from coarse detrital conglomerates to two or three forms of fine organic shales and limestones, and alternations of these that are possible only under conditions far from simple. CONDITIONS OF DEPOSITION DURING THE TERTIARY During the Tertiary periods, if not during the Cretaceous, the physical geography of western California differed widely from that of the present time. In the positions of many present centers of stratification, constituting the main sum- mits of the Coast ranges which now rise with more or less regularity and continuity, there existed during and through- out the Tertiary, at least, only chains of continental islands grouped in similar alignment. These island masses were not unlike some that now exist about the borders of the Pacific ocean and on the coasts of Alaska and even of California. Among them were enclosed seas, or basins, with interconnect- ing channels through which the tides and ocean currents ran at will, thus forming an unusual variety of conditions which directly influenced the character and variety of the faunas of the time. Among such basins were the Great valley, the Salinas, the Santa Maria-Carisa, and the San Fernando valleys. But for the present, without attempting to make a complete statement of either the Coast range waterways or island groups of the Tertiary, it is sufficient to note only the fact that along the course of the Mount Diablo range six or more centers, or stratigraphic cores, have been recognized and to some extent correctly described by Whitney as the natural divisions of the range. These centers were to some extent outlined in the former paper; they deserve far more attention than can be given here. But while Whitney correctly observed and noted these various divisions of the range, its double character and Vor. IIT] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 7 other complex features have hitherto escaped attention. How- ever, these points can not be taken up in the present paper. Among the divisions enumerated by Whitney are the Panoche, the San Carlos, and the Estrella, which, he says, are individualized by certain low passes extending across the range. Considering these divisions as separate islands or groups, it would ultimately be necessary to subdivide some of them at least into two, or perhaps three sections for special epochs of the Tertiary, with waterways extending from the basin of the Great valley to that of the Salinas. One of these open channels lay along the course of the west branch of the Jacalitos and the upper Warthan creeks, and one along the Los Gatos creek and the San Benito river, thus dividing the San Carlos division into three sections or subdivisions for at least a part of the Tertiary. In a complete or detailed study of the range, other channels and the islands separated by them at one time or another would require notice, but those men- tioned are perhaps sufficient to illustrate the nature of the problem. In all probability, as time went on during the successive periods or epochs, certain geographical changes occurred which resulted in either increasing or decreasing the width and number of these transverse channels; and these results could have been accomplished by simple changes in elevation. It appears that during the Miocene period only the Warthan channel was open, while during the Pliocene both the Warthan and the Los Gatos channels were in existence, as is shown by the distribution of the Miocene and Pliocene sediments along them. The islands and channels that existed during the Eocene can not be so easily discerned, but undoubtedly there were many. Eocene sediments run well into the range, if not across it, on the borders of the Livermore and Panoche valleys; and the same is probably true in the neighborhood of the Antelope and the Cholame valleys, as well as farther south. Probably this statement of the insular condition in Tertiary times is sufficient to illustrate some of the factors that affected 8 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4r Ser. the character, quantity, and distribution of the various strata concerned in this discussion. It will readily be conceded that the sorting and transporting influence of ocean currents through channels and waterways can not be small, and that it is entirely adequate to explain many of the seeming irregu- larities, both lithological and faunal, that may appear later in the course of these studies. There are in some quarters rapid transitions in both the nature of the sediments and the character of the fauna as one follows the strata along their strike. Some important beds are known to entirely disappear or to change their character or appearance to such an extent that they can be recognized only by their stratigraphic posi- tion with respect to others that are better known. The later Miocene particularly appears to have been an epoch of rapid changes in these respects, but of changes that are explainable by sufficient attention to the details of physical geography. THE CRETACEOUS AND EARLIER SERIES It is not designed to give here any special account of the Cretaceous and earlier rocks of the range, although both are abundant about each of its older centers, as was illustrated in the former paper. The occurrences of Cretaceous and “‘meta- morphic” rocks have been noted by Whitney’ at Mount Diablo, Corral Hollow, and Panoche Pass, and have been fol- lowed by him as far to the south as the Panoche valley. Becker* and White have published lists of Chico species oc- curring at New Idria, and similar beds have been identified upon the tributaries of the Cantua and Salt creeks. Miss H. C. Lillis has collected from these beds the following species, which were left at the University of California: Baculites chicoénsis Baculites sp. Arca brewertana Chione sp. Dentalium stramineum Perissolax sp. Cinulia obliqua Natica sp. Gyrodes conradiana Margarita sp. 1 Geol. Surv. Calif. Geol. v. 1, pp. 45, 55, ete. 2U. S. Geol. Surv. Monog. no. 13, pp. 291-309. Vor. IIT) ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 9 From Salt creek these Cretaceous rocks have been followed continuously to the Los Gatos, Warthan, Jacalitos, and Avenal creeks, and indeed to the Devil’s Den, on the north side of the Antelope valley. It is quite probable that the tawny yellow sandstones occurring south of the Antelope valley are of Cretaceous age, but as yet no proof of it is at hand. From the published lists of fossils occurring in the range it would appear that the Chico portion of the Cretaceous has been more often identified, though species of Aucella have proved the presence of the Knoxville at Mount Diablo (and Becker was convinced that some of the rocks at New Idria belong to the “Knoxville series”), while from the black shales on the Jacalitos creek species of Hoplites have been found, and at the Devil’s Den both Hoplites and Belemnites were col- lected in similar dark shales. It thus appears that both Knoxville and Chico strata enter into the composition of the range and are far more abundant upon the eastern flank than upon the western. The Cretaceous rocks always stand at a high angle, dipping away from the older formations and toward the valley at points of the com- pass varying according to their position. It is designed how- ever that the structure of these and the younger series of formations shall be reserved to be dealt with later. The so-called “metamorphic” rocks of the Mount Diablo range, occurring at intervals and in large areas, have generally included serpentines, trachytes, porphyries, and jaspers. The stratified portions are all representatives of the Franciscan series, while the eruptives include many of the classes usually found associated with them in the Coast ranges, among which are the products of local metamorphism of the most pro- nounced kinds. THe Eocene Rocks Distribution—The Eocene rocks of the northern portion of the range have already had considerable mention by various writers, including Stanton,’ Merriam, Weaver, and others. 1U. S. Geol. Surv. 17th Ann. Rept. 1896, pp. 1009-1060. 2 Journ. Geol. v. 5, no. 8, pp, 767-775. 3 Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Calif. v. 4, no. 5, pp. 101-123. 10 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. From the Straits of Carquinez they extend easterly, forming a well defined belt along the northern border of Mount Diablo, which can be followed as far eastward as Byron or Brentwood. Farther south the more important areas that have been noted are at Corral Hollow, New Idria.’ Coalinga,’ and southward. While Eocene rocks have not been followed continuously along the range, it is perhaps due to lack of exploration rather than to their absence. From New Idria the Eocene can be followed westerly for an indefinite distance, while to the east and south it has been followed continuously to Coalinga. The following list of fossils was obtained by the writer at Corral Hollow, from a stratum a few hundred feet above the Eureka vein of the Tesla coal mine: Neverita secta GABB Tellina longa GaBB Tritonium sp. undet. Leda gabbi Conrap Turritella uvasana GABB Solen stantoni WEAVER Dentalium cooperi GABB Lucina (?) cretacea GABB Amauropsis alveata Gass Mactra sp. undescr. Act@on sp. undescr. Meretrix horni Gass On the south side of the canyon other Eocene species were obtained, and it is evident that most of the coal veins of this vicinity are in rocks of Eocene age. H. W. Turner’ recognized the white sandstones occurring at New Idria as of Eocene age and reports the following species from De Los Reyes canyon: Ostrea idriaénsis GABB Morio (Sconsia) tuberculatus GABB Neverita globosa Gasp Amauropsis alveata GABB Rimella canalifera Gass Meretrix uvasana CONRAD Cylichna costata GABB Turritella, fragment Within 50 feet of the coal vein occurring near by he ob- tained : Solen (Hypogella) diegoén- Neverita sp. undet. sis GABB Small lamellibranchs 1 Geol. Surv. Calif. Geol. v. 1, pp. 34 et seq. 27U. S. Geol. Surv. Monog. no. 13, pp. 291-309. 3 Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3d ser. Geol. v. 2, no. 2, pp. 162 ef seq. #Am. Geol. v. 14, pp. 92-96. Vor. IIT) ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 11 From other localities in the neighborhood, he adds: Cardium cooperi GABB Lucina (?) cretacea GABB Pecten interradiatus GABB Mactra sp. undet. Modiola ornata Gasp To the south and east of Coalinga a narrow belt of Eocene beds can be followed for a distance of more than 15 miles, extending from certain tributaries of the Jacalitos creek east- ward to the vicinity of Dudley on the northern border of the Sunflower valley. These beds appear again near the Point of Rocks on the northern border of the Antelope valley, from which locality several Tejon forms have been obtained and listed. To the south of the Antelope valley the Eocene beds can be followed without difficulty as far as Temblor, if not farther toward the southern extremity of the range. They appear again crossing the canyon of the San Emidio and can be followed from there eastward to the Tejon ranch. Among other characteristics of the Eocene rocks, at least on the eastern side of the range, is the presence of beds of lignitic coal, or in some cases of carbonaceous clays, particu- larly in places where the Eocene section is greatly reduced. Almost all the coal veins reported along the valley side of the range, and some on the opposite side, are in Eocene strata. Like the Cretaceous, the Eocene rocks are in evidence to a far greater extent upon the eastern than upon the western slope of the range, though they are known upon both. North of the Straits of Carquinez, the Eocene has been noted as far as Upper Lake, Lake county, though its contin- uity is not known to be complete. Stratigraphy of the Eocene.—In the vicinity of Martinez, the Eocene strata have been divided into two groups, mainly upon the basis of their faunas, and have been classed accord- ingly as Martinez and Tejon. The older, or Martinez, por- tion has been made the subject of a special study by Dr. J. C. Merriam’ and by Chas. E. Weaver, while the Eocene series, as a whole, has been clearly separated from the Chico by Dr. T. W. Stanton.’ 1 Journ. Geol. v. 5, no. 8, pp. 767-774. 2 Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Calif. v. 4, no. 5, pp. 101-123. 3U. S. Geol. Surv. 17th Ann. Rept. pt. 1, pp. 1011-1049. 12 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. In the northern part of the range the rocks are generally covered by soil to an extent that renders the stratification more or less obscure; so that little attempt has been made toward a detailed statement of their lithological characters. Mr. Weaver states that the Martinez beds, for the most part, consist of thick bedded sandstones containing large quantities of glauconite, and that alternating with these are considerable beds of shale. In the vicinity of Corral Hollow both sandstones and shales enter into the composition of the Eocene; but no systematic statement of the strata has yet been made, except such as is given by Whitney, who did not, however, differentiate the Chico from the Tejon. The belt of Eocene rocks lying between the Panoche Pass and Coalinga probably offers the best exposures and affords the best opportunity for both general and detailed lithologic study, and possibly an equally good opportunity for a formal classification. Along the Cantua creek, and both to the east and the west, a thick series of conformable strata can be fol- lowed easily for many miles. The aggregate thickness of the series is not less than 6000 feet, and is probably more. This series is readily divisible into four horizons, as follows: Woper-shaless organiciasnaccsesccs etn oeoeees 1800 feet Upper sandstones, fossiliferous .............. 2500) == Lower shales, brown clays, etc................- 1000 +“ Lower sandstones, concretionary ............. 1000.“ Toward the southeast the series becomes perceptibly thinner, until in the vicinity of Coalinga it narrows to a point and en- tirely disappears below the succeeding series of Miocene. The Lower Sandstones——The lower sandstones of the Eocene series have not been thoroughly studied, and fossils have not yet been found in them within this area; therefore their classification as Eocene is based upon other evidence than fauna. They consist of soft and crumbling sandstone with a few harder layers, some of which are calcareous and are in some places more or less concretionary. A good example of these lower concretionary sands is to be seen in the rocky hill immediately northwest of “Oil City’, Coalinga field. These Vor. IIT] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 13 lower sands can be followed from this point both north and south for several miles. They rest upon dark clay shales of Chico age, with which they show every evidence of uncon- formity. In the former paper, these beds were called, pro- visionally, the ‘““Avenal Sandstones”, although they had not been followed continuously from the wells at Avenal, from which their name was taken. The Lower Shales—The next member of the series is one of rather unique character among the formations of the Mount Diablo range, chiefly on account of its purple-brown color and topographic effect. The shales, though sometimes calcareous or sandy and frequently filled with organic remains, are, on the whole, predominatingly clays. The calcareous portions are usually white lenticular masses only a few feet in extent, containing a variety of Foraminifera. Besides the white cal- careous lenses, there are usually many scattered nodules of barite, fragments of selenite, and often some layers of sand- stone. In the western part of the Coalinga field a sandy layer was found to contain many characteristic Eocene forms and some that are peculiar to the Martinez division. Among the many remains of Foraminifera found in these shales, there are numerous tests of numuloid forms occurring either in the sandy layers or in the calcareous concretions. Some of the sandy layers also contain scattered granules resembling glauconite. On one of the tributaries of Salt creek some of the sandy beds contain: Turritella pachecoénsis Leda gabbi Conran STANTON Fusus (cf. F. equilateralis WEAVER) Cardium cooperi GaBB Cylichna costata Gasp, etc. Though none of these species may be exclusively of Martinez age, yet all of them occur in that horizon, and their presence does not therefore conflict with such an assignment of the beds. The topographic aspect of these shales is striking and ren- ders them easy to follow along the flanks of the range. They are easily reduced by erosion and therefore occupy a succes- sion of depressions within which the transverse drainage of the range converges into its larger streams. The scanty soil 14 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4ru Ser. resulting from their decomposition is usually adobe-like, and is favorable for the growth of stunted oaks and junipers, but for no other vegetation,—not even grass. In the midst of a zone of hills which are destitute of trees, this belt of brown shales sprinkled with trees is not hard to follow. The shales are usually clay-like and brown on the surface, though in good exposures they show a variety of colors, some of them being either red, white, or greenish. It was this member that was called, for convenience, in the for- mer paper, the “Kreyenhagen shales’. In some places the beds become sandy toward the bottom, but this is not a con- stant feature throughout their extent along the range. The Upper Sands.—The thickest member of the Eocene, at least where it is best exposed, along the Cantua creek in the vicinity of the Lillis ranch, is that which was formerly de- scribed as the “Domijean sands”. Its thickness was roughly estimated as 2500 feet, though it may be more. As far as observed, there is considerable uniformity in composition, though there are some harder layers of fossil-bearing rock at intervals. In general these sands are yellow in color, soft and crumbling, with a disposition to weather into steep scarps im- perfectly exposing the edges of the strata, which are often concealed by loose and sliding soil. Except in the harder fossiliferous beds and in some con- cretionary layers, the sands are but little consolidated. Their greatest development is to be seen along the Cantua and Salt creeks and southward in the vicinity of the Domengine ranch, whence the name. The thickness of these sands is variable, but it increases somewhat regularly toward the north. In the vicinity of “Oil City”, north of Coalinga, the thickness has been given as not over 350 feet, and a little north of the Domengine ranch as 1200 feet, while along the Cantua, it is not less than 2500 feet. Farther west it appears to again diminish though it extends at least as far as New Idria. The fossils so far collected in this horizon are typically Tejon, though some of the species are found in the Martinez. In the vicinity of “Oil City”, a hard layer at the base of the yellow sands yielded: Vor. IIT] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 15 Turritella uvasana GABB Trochosmilia sp. Dentalium cooperi GABB Foraminifera, many sp. Cardium cooperi GABB Crustacea sp. Leda gabbi Conrad Higher in the same beds and a little farther south, W. L. Watts’ has collected: Discohelix leana Gasp Ficopsis cooperi GABB Turritella satfordi GaBB Tritonium californicum GABB Turritella uvasana GABB Pectunculus sagitatus GABs A few miles north of this locality and near the Domengine ranch a hard sandy layer has yielded: Meretrix horni GaBB Turritella uvasana GABB Cardita veneriformis GABB Amauropsis alveata GAB Cardium cooperi GABB Foraminifera (numuloid forms) Pectunculus sagitatus GABB Crustacea, ete. Tellina horni Gass Along the Cantua this member of the series becomes more shaly toward the top, and the transition toward the succeeding member is not sharp but gradual. Farther south thin hard beds of sandstone mark the basal portion of the overlying shales, but they diminish in frequency higher up. Crystals and veinlets of selenite are abundant in many parts of this member. The Upper Shales—The uppermost member of the con- formable series that is here referred to the Eocene is one con- sisting almost entirely of shales, but containing some thin sandy beds near the bottom. On the Cantua creek east of the Lillis ranch house these shales are well exposed on the slopes and in the ravines on the north side of the stream. There is a total thickness of nearly 1800 feet, including some of the thin sandy beds near the top of the preceding member. They are divisible locally upon the basis of color and lithology into: Wihite (challayishalesivarvrsteraepetiereicinitste cele sieistsie- 800 feet Lita po ICNKY ee godedosdane sopobunnooosoppeac 1000“ Their unconformity with the succeeding beds is apparent, both from the abrupt change from fine organic shales to coarse grained sands or even pebbly gravels, and from the fact that 1 Bull. no. 3, Calif. State Min. Bur. pp. 62 et seq. 16 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4rH Ser. in some places an angular difference in strike and dip is plainly to be seen. Furthermore, as the formations are followed southward, the series with which these shales are identified finally disappears beneath the later series. The upper shales do not maintain the thickness stated above as they are followed southward. In the vicinity of the Domen- gine ranch, they are reduced to about 1000 feet, while at “Oil City” the thickness is not above 600 feet, and that of the entire Eocene series is only about 2500 feet. Farther south and west they entirely disappear in the western part of the Coalinga district. The fauna of these shales consists of many forms of Fo- raminifera and marine diatoms, but with a scanty number of mollusks. On the Cantua the upper white shales contain Pecten peck- hanu and many Foraminifera and diatoms. Near “Oil City” Pecten peckhami and other forms have been found by the writer and by W. L. Watts. Intermediate between these two localities, on Sec. 19, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., these white shales have furnished: Pecten peckkami Gass Tellina congesta (?) CoNRAD Leda oregona (?) Suu. Callista sp. It was these upper brown and white shales which, on the basis of both their lithology and their molluscan fauna, were regarded as Miocene, and therefore as “Monterey shales’, in the former paper. Had the succeeding Lower Miocene series been as fossiliferous, however, as new localities have since shown it to be, or had it been followed into the localities where the great unconformity is more evident, it would have been less easy to confuse these earlier shales with their counterparts in the Miocene. As to the definite assignment of these shales to either the Eocene or the Oligocene in the time scale of California geol- ogy, that must be reserved for further study and for some future time. Stratigraphically and structurally they are cer- tainly connected closely with the Tejon series, while faunally they are allied more closely to the Miocene. Vor. III] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 17 In its structural features the Eocene is simple. It forms a monocline that dips away from the older rocks toward the Great valley with only such flexures in strike and dip as are consistent with the insular conditions of the period. The beds lie along the eastern and northern slopes of the range in such a manner as to be in general concentric with the Cretaceous, presenting in some places the appearance of conformity, but on the whole showing the strongest evidences of unconform- ity. This unconformity is evident, as the formations are fol- lowed along the range, not only in the physical character of the various beds and in their fauna, but also in the distribu- tion of the Eocene and the Cretaceous and in their lack of con- formity in detail in many places. On the western slope of the range, the structure of both the Eocene and the Cretaceous is less simple, and both formations are also less in evidence. The large amount of faulting which has taken place has complicated and obscured the geology, and no clear statement can be made without much detailed work. THE MIOcENE SERIES Regarding the occurrence, stratigraphy, and distribution of the Miocene in the Mount Diablo range, a fairly good state- ment was given in the former paper, except as to a part of the territory north of Coalinga. Miocene rocks are co-exten- sive with the range and can be followed almost continuously throughout its entire length, particularly along its eastern flanks. In the earlier paper the stratigraphic divisions of the range were considered to be: (c) Coalinga beds (b) Monterey shales (a) Temblor beds These do not form an entirely conformable series, though in some places it is difficult, or even impossible, to draw the line sharply between the several members. The greatest degree 18 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser of conformity exists between the two lower members, and less between the others, as will be shown farther on. The Temblor Beds.—Probably the most persistent member, after proper discriminations are made, is the lower, which is also the one best characterized by fossils, and is therefore the most easily recognized faunally. Its occurrence at the type locality has been already sufficiently described. It has also been noted at intervals along the eastern base of the range as far north as Coalinga. Northward of Coalinga the Temblor beds follow the range for an unknown distance, but certainly to the Cantua creek and to New Idria.. They maintain a fairly uniform thickness and constant sequence of strata, though not always a constant fauna. Just north of the Cantua on the Lillis ranch, the following representative section was noted : INeocene Strata: asc accu cee se cee cseeasiet one sselears® 2000 feet Temblor Beds (g) Thin calcareous beds with Turritella ocoyana ..... 30 feet (f) Clay shales with Foramin- GEKA, xesyecdetcicversherers lope) everese 150. (e) Loose gray sands ........ 60 “ (d) Thin calcareous sand with Turritella ocoyana .... is aa (c) Loose friable sands ...... 80 (b) Yellow sands with Turri- tella ocoyana .......... Sas (a) Gray sands and gravels.... 50 “ Hard calcareous bed with barnaclesi cies sccnssauie oe 58 Loose gray sands ........ 100 Total .. —————__ 491 “ White shales with Pecten peckhami.. SOOM Usually there are three layers of fossiliferous rock within the Temblor horizon, bearing typical Lower Miocene fossils such as the following: (a) Loose sands with Pecten discus CoNRAD Astrodapsis sp. Barnacles, etc. Vor. IIT] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 19 (b) Yellow sands with Mytilus mathewsont Gass Ostrea titan Conrap Venus sp. Zirphaea sp. Pecten discus CONRAD Pecten sp. Chione sp. Turritella ocoyana CONRAD Agasoma sp. Cancellaria sp. Bulla sp. Macoma sp. Trochita filosa GABB Numerous small gasteropods (d) Thin white calcareous bed with Chione tem- blorensis ANDERSON Ostrea titan CoNRAD Dosinia sp. Crepidula sp. Agasoma kernianum Cooper Turritella ocoyana CoNnRaD Neverita callosa GABB Trophon kernensis ANDERSON Conus owenianus ANDERSON Oliva californica ANDERSON Above the beds classed as Temblor there is a gypsiferous clay shale 250 feet in thickness, overlain by 50 feet of coarse gravels and conglomerates. From the Cantua creek the Temblor beds have been fol- lowed southeastward to the vicinity of the producing oil wells and to within a short distance of Coalinga and to the Jacalitos creek. A large part of the strata formerly placed in a suc- ceeding group has been found to belong to the Lower Miocene. The “Reef Bed’’ of the former paper is properly a part of the Temblor, and has yielded, on Sec. 20: Hinnites (rel. H. giganteus) Bulla sp. Gray Trochita sp. Mactra densata Conrap Hemifusus wilkesana ANDERSON Metis alta Conrap Neverita callosa Gaps Pecten discus CoNRAD Astrodapsis merriami ANDERSON Arca montereyana OSMONT Teeth of sirenians (Desmo- Dosinia ponderosa GaBB stylus sp.) Lucina borealis Lam. 20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4ru Ser. At the base of the Temblor beds is a pebbly conglomerate that serves to give emphasis to the abrupt change from the fine organic white shales upon which they rest. It is easy therefore to recognize the unconformity that exists between the Temblor beds and the white or brown shales provisionally classed as Oligocene. This unconformity is that formerly described as conspicuous between the Coalinga beds and the Monterey shales. The pebbles of the conglomerate include metamorphic schists, jaspers, porphyries, serpentine, sandstone, and even some rocks that appear to have come from the calcareous concretions of the preceding series. The Temblor beds contain the principal oil-yielding strata of the Coalinga field, and are well constructed to do so, not only stratigraphically and structurally, but also on account of the porous and unconsolidated character of the larger sandy members. The usual thickness of the Temblor beds is from 450 to 550 feet. In drilling for oil it has been found that various horizons are productive, the oil ranging through almost the entire thickness, though locally it is generally confined to one or two productive strata. Although in some parts of the field oil has also been found in strata both above and below the Temblor, the latter may be regarded as the chief source of the oil in most cases north of McKittrick. In the McKittrick district the Temblor beds are known to be oil-bearing, but farther south they do not form the prin- cipal productive horizon. They occur, however, on the San Emidio and at Kern river, at the base of thick series of sand- stones which underlie petroliferous beds. It is perhaps due to a change in the character of the strata above the Temblor that they do not everywhere contain the principal deposits of petroleum. The Monterey Shales——To the north of the Temblor ranch house, in western Kern county, is a thick series of white shales overlying the Lower Miocene and containing Pecten peckhami near the top and bottom. Its total thickness has been esti- mated at more than 5000 feet. This series of white shales has been referred to the Monterey, and there can be no reason- able doubt that at least a large part of the formation should Vor. IIT) ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY a 21 be so classed. From this locality these shales can be followed with more or less continuity northward to the Devil’s Den and to near Coalinga. The Monterey shales and the underlying Temblor beds, as they occur along the hills to the south and east of Coalinga, have already been described in the former paper. To the north of Jacalitos, if the Monterey shales occur at all, they are in extremely reduced thickness or in modified form. In the eastern part of the Coalinga field, certain beds occupy- ing the stratigraphic position of the Monterey, have a thick- ness of only 250 to 300 feet. In their outcrop along the hills in the northern part of the field, they are variously colored, white, yellow, or red, and have at most points a decidedly sandy appearance. The “Red Hills” to the north of the prop- erty of the “California Oil Fields, Ltd.’ form an exposure that is conspicuous on account of its brick-red color. This can be easily followed northward to the Cantua creek and beyond, though its color is not persistent. This member of the Miocene was, in the former paper, described as ‘‘a yellow sand” and included with the Coalinga beds. In the wells drilled in the eastern part of the field this member appears as a bluish sandy shale which is commonly called the “Big Blue”. The buff, yellow, or red color seen in the outcrops is probably due to the oxide of iron derived from the decom- position of certain iron-bearing minerals. With a good lens grains of serpentine and other talcous minerals can be de- tected in these shales. Their separation from the Temblor beds in the field to the north of Coalinga is for convenience in logical treatment rather than for emphasis of their strati- graphic prominence. To the north of the Cantua creek these shales are even more sandy than farther to the south. It is not unlikely that there is a gradual thinning out of the Monterey shales from the Temblor valley northward to the Cantua creek, but this can not now be affirmed. South of the Temblor valley a vast series of white shale follows the range as far as Sunset and then swings eastward toward the San Emidio, becoming more and more sandy toward the east. No direct evidence is at 22, CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. hand to establish its position in the stratigraphic scale, but it is supposed to be the continuation of the Monterey shales oc- curring north of Temblor. In the range west of Midway and to the south of Sunset they have an aggregate thickness of nearly 5000 feet and contain the usual lithologic peculiarities of the Monterey. As the Temblor beds are known to occur at San Emidio, there is a presumption in favor of these shales being properly the Monterey. To the south of the Temblor valley the structure of the Miocene rocks is that of a high anticlinal fold along the axis of the range, with a steep dip toward the Carisa valley and, near Sunset, toward the south. This anticline disappears in the vicinity of the San Emidio canyon. The Coalinga Beds.—The uppermost member of the Mio- cene series is best characterized and most easily followed along the base of the hills north of Coalinga, but it attains its greatest stratigraphic development to the south and east of the Warthan creek. In the former paper, on account of its thickness and more varied fauna in the Warthan creek locali- ties, it was made to include more strata farther north than should have been included. It is now proposed to restrict the name Coalinga beds to the lower portion of a series that is unconformably related to the older members of the Miocene. In the vicinity of Coalinga there are two somewhat different types of this formation occurring in the localities mentioned. As here restricted, the Coalinga beds contain from 500 to 800 feet of strata at the north—that is, between Coalinga and the Cantua creek, and from 1000 to 1500 feet in the field between the Warthan creek and Tulare lake. These differences are due primarily to the conditions of deposition during the latter part of the Miocene period. Along the hills north of Coalinga this series begins with a basal con- glomerate varying in thickness from 15 to 50 feet or more, and consisting of coarse pebbles and boulders often ranging in weight up to several hundred pounds. At Salt creek and northward to the Cantua, the weathering and faulting of this conglomerate has produced the effect of enormous thickness, which is deceptive. In many places, as north of the Cantua, Vor. III] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 23 this basal conglomerate can be recognized and followed where other strata of the Coalinga beds can not be so easily identi- fied. Above the conglomerate are thick beds of gigantic oysters, pectens, and barnacles that form a conspicuous fea- ture of the formation. Usually there are two or more beds of shells from 6 to 20 feet thick included with 100 feet or more of sands In’ Sec) 10) 19"'S.. Ri 15 EY, the oysters occur in four beds extending through nearly 200 feet of sandy strata. The shells are usually firmly cemented together and weather into a bold escarpment in which little else than huge oysters is to be seen. These beds of fossils in which oysters are the most abundant are often used in tracing the oil-bearing strata of the Temblor through parts of the field in which the latter do not show plainly on the surface. The species that characterize these beds include: Ostrea titan CoNnRaD Chorus carisaénsis ANDERSON Pecten crassicardo CONRAD Chione temblorensis ANDERSON Pecten estrellanus CoNRaD Astrodapsis tumidus REMOND Pecten (rel. P. islandicus Astrodapsis sp. MULL.) The basal conglomerates and the oyster beds with which they are associated overlie the red or variously colored shales described in the preceding section. There is little or no angular unconformity between the shales and conglomerates, though the abrupt change in the fauna and in the character of the deposits testifies to a change of considerable importance in the physical geography of the time. A short distance above the highest oyster bed is a layer of sandy white shale 80 feet in thickness, and a sandy stratum immediately overlying the shale on the west side of Sec. 20, T. 18 S., R. 15 E. has furnished the following species : Cytherea (callista) sp. Diplodonta harfordi ANDERSON Chione temblorensis ANDERSON Agasoma kernianum CooPER Macoma nasuta Coorer Turritella sp. Pecten estrellanus CoNRaD Cancellaria sp. Zirphea dentata Gass Solen sp. Lucina borealis Lam. Trophon sp. 24 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. The faunas of the foregoing lists are generally character- istic of the Coalinga beds. Above these fossiliferous beds the formation is chiefly sand with little or no appearance of fossils. To the south of Coalinga, or of the Warthan creek, the con- glomerates and the associated oyster beds do not form a con- spicuous feature of the formation, and in fact have not been directly identified. This is probably due to the fact that these beds were greatly thickened by the addition of sands during the time that an open channel connected them with the sea to the westward, causing conditions not favorable to the life and growth of oysters, but favor- able to the development of some species not often met with elsewhere. Along the Jacalitos creek the thickness of the Coalinga beds has been estimated at 1100 feet. There is an appearance of unconformity between the Coalinga beds and those above, while the line separating them from the beds below is not definitely established. Along the various branches of the Zapato Chino creek and eastward the Coalinga beds thicken still more until they attain an aggregate of 1500 to 1600 feet. They rest upon the white or rusty brown beds of the Monterey shales, with which there is little to mark an uncon- formity. As the Monterey shales here become sandy in their upper portion, the change from them to the Coalinga is not so abrupt as in the field farther north. There is not a great variation of lithological characters in the Coalinga as seen along the range south and east of the Warthan creek. There is, however, near the middle of the series, a bed of white volcanic ash from 12 to 16 feet thick, which is in some places conspicuous, but which is not always found, or at least is not always recognizable. It can easily be followed for three or more miles southward from the Warthan creek, a little east of Alcalde, and it appears again on the west fork of the Jacalitos at the Roberts ranch and also on the eastern tribu- taries of the Zapato Chino, on the Kreyenhagen ranch. Near Alcalde it is immediately underlain by a fossiliferous bed from which the following species have been obtained: Vor. IIT] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 25 Pecten crassicardo CoNRAD Trophon (tel. T. ponderosum Pecten estrellanus CONRAD GABB) Chione (rel. temblorensis Turritella_ sp. ANDERSON ) Natica sp. Mactra (Spisula) catilli- Surcula sp. formis DALL V olutilithes sp. Mytilus mathewsoni Gass Ficus pyriformis Gasp (?) Agasoma kernianum Cooper Tamiosoma gregaria CONRAD The same bed some miles to the east upon the Kreyenhagen ranch contained, in addition to several of the preceding forms, the following: Glycimeris generosa Goutp — Scutella gibbsi REMOND Cardium, (cf. C. quadri- Trophon sp. genarium CONRAD) Natica sp. The forms most characteristic of the Coalinga beds in this part of the field are Agasoma kernianum, Scutella gibbsi, two species each of Astrodapsis and Trophon, and a Chione. These forms range through about 400 to 500 feet of sandy strata. Near the top of this zone there is often an abundance of Ostrea attwoodi and Scutella gibbsi. The general and to some extent the specific resemblances of this fauna to that of the Temblor beds is of course evident ; but a study of the strata above and below this horizon war- rants the classification here proposed. The Miocene aspect of the fauna is unmistakable in the presence of such forms as Agasoma_ kernianum, Chione temblorensis, and the large species of Cardium, V olutilithes, etc. A few hundred feet above these beds are the typical beds of the succeeding series, while below them are the Monterey shales and the typical Temblor. The Coalinga beds have not as yet been followed continu- ously southward along the range beyond the Sunflower valley, though doubtless the task would not be impossible. They have not even been clearly recognized between the Sunflower valley and McKittrick. They form, however, a well defined and easily followed belt along the foothills west of the Midway district and to the south of Sunset. Northward this belt can be followed to a point a few miles north of Crocker Springs (Sec. 6, T. 31 S., R. 22 E.), and from thence it has been only 26 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. indirectly traced into the McKittrick district. West of the Midway district the Coalinga beds occur on both sides of the range, on the one side dipping toward the Great valley and passing below the Midway wells, and on the other side dipping to the southwest and under the Carisa and Elkhorn valleys. Their structure at this point is that of a denuded anticline, though it is not likely that the two slopes were ever quite horizontal. The thickness of these beds on both sides of the range is very great,—hardly less than 4500 feet. Near their base they contain very coarse conglomerates and sandstones, among which may be found the characteristic fossils. The conglomerates often contain boulders of granite of immense size, some of them weighing 15 to 20 tons. The conglomerates at the base of the series range through several hundred feet of strata, of which they make up a large per- centage. The species thus far found in these beds are those typical of the Coalinga, and include forms not found else- where in great numbers. They are more abundant on the western than on the opposite side of the range, though they have also been found on the eastern side. On the western slope near the locality commonly known as “the Dome”, the following species have been found: Pecten crassicardo CoNRAD Tamiosoma gregaria CONRAD Pecten estrellanus Conrap Chorus carisaénsis ANDERSON Ostrea titan CONRAD These beds have been followed northward along the western side of the range to the neighborhood of Simler. They pass in a synclinal fold below the Carisa valley and appear again on its western border. Near La Panza Springs an identical fauna has been obtained with the addition of such typical forms as: Chione temblorensis ANDERSON —_Lucina borealis Lam. Trophon sp. Astrodapsis tumidus REMOND Turritella sp. Astrodapsis whitneyi REMOND and many other species. Not far away, at the crossing of the San Juan creek, these beds overlie an immense thickness of Miocene strata including both the Monterey shales and the Temblor beds. In the foothills of the Midway district this Vor. IIT] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY SH series contains above the basal conglomerates a great thickness of clays and shales, some of which are diatomaceous and chalklike in their physical appearance. The wells drilled for oil in the Midway and Sunset dis- tricts, although they probably derive their oil from this series of strata, do not penetrate to the basal sands for their pro- ductive horizon. In fact the better wells so far drilled have been less than 2000 feet in depth, and some of the oil has been found in strata not altogether sandy. Near Sunset the oil sands often outcrop in unmistakable exposures, sometimes showing well defined beds of bituminous sand, 30 to 60 feet or more in thickness. Near the refinery of the “Sunet Oil Company” a layer of hard sand immediately overlying such an exposure contains : Crytomya californica Conrab Solen sp. Tapes stanleyi GABB Macoma sp. Some miles farther to the east on Lobos and Muddy creeks the same formation has yielded, according to W. L. Watts’: Crassatella collina Conrap Tapes stanleyi Gasp Glycimeris generosa GouLD Crytomya californica CoNRAD Macoma secta Conrap Macoma sp. Neverita recluziana PEt. Tapes sp. Dosinia mathewsoni Gass As this locality has also yielded Pseudocardium gabbi Remond, it is likely that the Crassatella given in the above list is identi- cal with this species, since the forms are somewhat alike. These beds in the Sunset and Midway districts overlie the immense series of white shales described in the preceding pages as Monterey, and the evidences of unconformity are all that could be asked for. Not only are there abrupt and great litho- logical changes, as well as a change in faunas, but an angular difference in dip and strike is clearly seen at many points along the range. From an examination of the lists here given and of the facts herewith presented, it will be seen that the Coalinga beds have been clearly identified in the foothills about the southern end of the Great valley, and this identification can be confirmed by many other facts that are not here presented. 1 Bull. no. 3, Calif. State Min. Bur. pp. 38 and 40. 28 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser. In their general features, faunal and other, the Coalinga beds resemble the San Pablo beds to some extent; and it is not impossible that in part the two may be equivalent, though, as will be shown later, it is hardly probable. THE PLIOCENE SERIES The Etchegoin Beds.—Ilt is quite possible in many parts of the Mount Diablo range to recognize a marine series later than, if not always distinct from, all of the preceding. This is the series called in the former paper the ‘“Etchegoin Beds”’. It must be admitted that no sharply defined line separates this series from that last described, though evidence is not lacking of a change in the physical conditions of their deposition. Generally the strata of the Etchegoin beds are conform- able in position with those of the Coalinga, and there is no great change in the lithology, such as is seen in some of the earlier formations. One of the most conspicuous character- istics of the later series is an enormous amount of bluish gray sand which is distributed throughout almost its entire length and thickness. In this feature these beds contrast strongly with the yellow or light brown sands of the Coalinga and earlier series. From its fauna it may be more easily recognized within limits, though there are species that continue upward from the Coalinga, and as yet there are not many species that individually are to be regarded as a sure sign of the Pliocene . throughout the Coast or even the State. The exact thickness of the Etchegoin beds has not been measured at any point, though it has been estimated at a few places. West of the town of Coalinga it is hardly less than 1400 feet in the out- crop, but in some of the wells drilled along the base of the hills it must be somewhat less. Farther north, near the eastern part of the field, the thickness is greater, as seen both in the outcrop and in the wells, where the aggregate is not less than 2500 feet, and may be more. North of the Avenal wells, 15 miles southeast of Coalinga, the thickness is probably as great as 3500 or even 4000 feet. Bluish gray sands usually make Vor. IIT] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 29 up as much as 20 percent of the aggregate thickness, to which their peculiar color and slightly greater induration give an exaggerated effect. The strata are essentially sandy through- out, though clays are abundant in their upper portion, espec- ially north of Coalinga and in the vicinity of Salt creek and the Cantua. In the former paper the Etchegoin beds were divided into two portions called respectively, the “Etchegoin Sands” and the “San Joaquin Clays.” The sands of this series are commonly coarse in texture and often pebbly, forming beds of conglomerate. Many of the pebbles and sand grains are jet black in color, and mingled with these is a kaolin-like matter, perhaps a decomposition product from volcanic ash. The gray-blue color which is so noticeable in these beds may be due to these ingredients and to their manner of mixture. This color has not been noticed in either of the other series and has generally been found to be a safe index to the identity of the Etchegoin beds. It has been noticed not only in the Coalinga field, but at McKittrick, near Buena Vista lake, at Mount Diablo, and on San Pablo bay. One or two fossil horizons are to be recognized in the Etchegoin beds,—one near their bottom and another some dis- tance above; but whether these are persistent or not cannot be stated. The most clearly defined and best characterized horizon includes some 400 feet of strata in which there are sometimes several separate beds of fossils. This horizon occurs near the bottom of the series and, as seen in the outcrops in the hills west and southwest of Coalinga, contains the following: (n) Brown sands with fossils........... 15 feet (Gi): IGEN GAS: aabosetedacoveupose saecor 40% @)e Sandstone? withetossilse er tcie. ce oe 10° (iy MB tishs crave samd sire cate ciseerer ees S5N ons Lower fossil horizon (j) Gray sands, gravels, and clays ........ 65s (i) Sandstone. withstossilSnccrcicen ss <0 105% (bh) Sands andisandy):clays! n\s\cc0 soccer 80 “ (oe) ieBitisht prayvesandsi tye ccisiacrsis!s.cilcics 49° * (Gia) eAreillaceottsmsandtaerr crite t-te ioyeisie 100 “ Cen Blush gray esandsy mera i-rs creccysiev> oe OU (dd) Sandstone ‘withitossils oy. 222/.4.-- Bors 30 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proo. 4TH Ser. Near the middle of this zone a fossiliferous sandstone (bed i) has yielded the following species: Arca trilineata CoNRAD Metis (Lutricola) alta ConraD Mactra (Spisula) catilli- formis CoNnRaD Pectunculus — septentrion- alis Mupp, Pecten oweni ARNOLD Pecten estrellanus CONRAD Pecten crassicardo CONRAD Ostrea titan (?) ConRAD Saxidomus aratus GouLD Glycimeris generosa GOULD Diplodonta harfordi ANDERSON Tapes stanleyi GaBB Mytilus mathewsoni GABB Macoma inquinata (?) DeEsu. Nassa californica Conrab Natica lewisi GouLp Trochita costellata (?) Conrap Scutella gibbsi REMOND In this horizon Pectunculus often occurs in great numbers, forming the dominant species. More than any other species it is persistent throughout the Coalinga field and is a survivor from the preceding series, in which it occurs in limited numbers. The same fauna is found near the bottom of the Etchegoin sands along the tributaries of the Jacalitos creek and the streams farther east. It is everywhere characterized by the great abundance of Pectunculus and by Pecten oweni, Scutella, Saxidomus, and Tapes, by many other modern forms and by some living ones. Higher in the series the number and variety of Pecten species increase, and others which are abundant in the lower beds almost or quite disappear. On the Zapato Chino creek and eastward a fossiliferous bed 1000 feet or more above the base of the series contains the following species : Arca trilineata CoNRAD Saxidomus aratus GOULD Pecten coalingaénsis Ar- NOLD Pecten wattsi ARNOLD Pecten etchegoini ANDERSON Chama sp. Ostrea@ sp. Tellina sp. Balanus sp. Neverita recluziana DESH. Nassa californica CoNRAD Terebratella sp. Clypeaster (Scutella) brewer- ianus REMOND Clypeaster (Scutella) gibbsi REMOND Sharks’ teeth, etc. A comparison of these lists with the lists of the Pliocene occurring at Kirker’s Pass, published by Whitney’ and others, 1Geol. Surv. Calif. Geol. v. 1, p. 32. Vor. IIT) ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 31 makes it evident that in fauna the beds are alike, if not in part identical. The clays at the top of the Etchegoin series to the north of Coalinga constitute at least a third of their entire thickness, or about 1500 feet. They have a somewhat banded appear- ance, the different strata showing different zones of color. Thus far no fossils have been found in them north of the Warthan creek, though elsewhere they have yielded Scutella gibbsi and the teeth of sharks. The Tulare Formation.—In the former paper the Tulare formation was described as a series of fresh-water deposits outcropping on the borders of the Great valley and overlying all the earlier deposits occurring along the range. It is found in the vicinity of Coalinga, in the Kettleman hills, and southward along the western side of the valley as far as McKittrick, Buena Vista lake, and about the Tejon ranch. The fresh-water mollusks forming the fauna of these beds in the Kettleman hills and near McKittrick have been noted by W. L. Watts’ as identified by Dr. J. G. Cooper. Shells of the fresh-water mollusks, Anodonta and Goniobasis, have since been taken from a prospect well drilled one-half mile north of MclKittrick. They occurred in a layer of hard sandstone at a depth of 1000 feet from the surface. After penetrating this layer a strong flow of gas threw sand and stones from the well with great violence and with them many shells and fragments of these species. The beds of the Tulare formation are described as having a thickness of 1000 feet and standing at an angle of 30° and more in conformity with the underlying marine Pliocene. In the former paper they were tentatively correlated with the Orindan and associated beds described by Dr. Lawson from the Berkeley hills. While a complete statement of its equivalents can not be given here, it is important to remark that the Tulare forma- tion should have its continuation not only throughout the Great valley, but that its counterparts should occur in all the 1 Bull. Calif. State Min. Bur. no. 3, 1894, pp. 49 and 53. 32 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. neighboring and intermontane valleys of the state. It is not improbable that the equivalents of the Tulare will be found to include the thick delta deposits of the San Benito and Salinas valleys described by Dr. Lawson’ and later by Dr. H. W. Fairbanks.’ If this correlation is correct, then according to Dr. Lawson they should also include the marine beds of the Merced series, which are generally regarded as of late Pliocene age. The Tulare formation should also have its equivalents among fresh-water deposits of the Great Basin region, but a discussion of this topic can not be undertaken here. Undoubt- edly there is a close relation between these deposits and the Pleistocene deposits and terraces described below. Just what that relation may be can not now be stated with certainty, but probably the time interval was short between the close of the Tulare epoch and the opening of the Pleistocene. THE PLEISTOCENE RECORD The evidences of the Pleistocene period in the Mount Diablo range are confined to the foothills and the marginal plains of the Great valley. As far as known, there are no stratified beds distinct from those of the Tulare formation appearing along the range that could be classed as Pleistocene, though there are abundant evidences that the period, at least in part, was one of submergence if not of inundation. The Terraces.—Along the flanks of the range upon both sides, and about the southern end of the Kern valley, there are many elevated terraces and other remnants of ancient plains that must have circumvented the Great valley. These elevated terraces and mesas are not all of uniform height, and this fact may be taken as an evidence of a series, rather than of a single plain of base-leveling, though in some places the variations of level are only those of a somewhat varied topog- raphy rather than those of an absolute plain. These terraces may be seen to advantage about the lower Kern river, the 1 Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Calif. v. 1, p. 153. ? Jour. Geol. v. 6, pp. 551-576; U. S. Geol. Surv. San Luis folio, pp. 11-12. Vor. III) ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 33 Tejon ranch, Sunset, McKittrick, Coalinga, the Cantua creek, Tesla, and Mount Diablo. Their elevation varies between 1200 and 1500 feet above the sea, or between 850 and 1000 feet or more above the floor of the Great valley. On the west- ern side of the range their elevation is perhaps a little less, and there is also a greater variation throughout and a considerably greater extent, particularly about the head of the Salinas valley drainage. Along the foothills on either side of the range it is not unusual to see these terraces rising from 200 to 400 feet or more above the beds of the various stream valleys. These terraces are well exhibited in the lower hills in the vicinity of McKittrick, Midway, and the Kern river. Most of the oil wells of the McKittrick district are drilled upon the outer border of a large section of such a plain. Similar remnants and other evidences of base-leveling are plainly marked along the foothills about the southern end of the valley, especially in the neighborhood of the Tejon ranch, where a careful study would probably reveal a series of different levels. At the mouth of Grapevine canyon a terrace is cut at an elevation of 600 feet above the floor of the valley. In the vicinity of Coalinga the terraces are well marked in many places both north and south, but especially in the foot- hills to the east of Alcalde and still further eastward in the Kettleman hills. Not only are these marginal remnants of the old base levels to be seen as terraces along the slopes of the higher range, but in many places in the outlying hills there are mesa-like ridges and flats strewn with the usual deposits of alluvial debris. The base-leveling here described has acted upon and trun- cated each and all of the stratigraphic series of the range, but naturally its effects have been most pronounced upon the younger and softer strata. In the foothills along the south- west border of the valley the denudation has beveled and truncated the upturned edges of all of the sedimentary series from the earliest to the latest, including the Etchegoin and even the Tulare beds. To a less extent it has acted upon the older series, but usually their greater hardness has protected them from the destructive effects of denudation. 34 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. As to the exact period to which these results of base-leveling are to be attributed it is not easy to say with certainty. While presumably the greater part of it was accomplished during the Pleistocene, part has undoubtedly been the result of Pliocene denudation, and part has occurred later. Whitney’ has classed the buried river channels of the Sierra Nevada as belonging to the later Pliocene period, and in this view both Lindgren* and Lawson* have acquiesced. With these river channels may be correlated the Tulare deposits of the Great valley, while the development of the great Sierran peneplain most writers consider to have taken place later. The Pleistocene Deposits—The deposits of the Pleistocene consist for the most part of alluvial fills or other superficial deposits of boulders, gravels, and sands. These deposits are especially abundant at the southern end of the Great valley, where they have been noted by Whitney,’ who mentions also the terraces about the Tejon ranch, though he does not desig- nate them as such. The gravel and boulder deposits of the San Emidio canyon he also describes in part, and illustrates them by a sectional profile clearly showing their unconform- able relation to the Tertiary formations and to the base-leveling of the adjacent foothills. In the neighborhood of the Midway oil district is a comparatively wide plain to the west of Buena Vista lake at an elevation of 600 feet above the valley, which is largely the product of alluvial filling and base-leveling of the surrounding Tertiary hills. The same class of facts is observable at McKittrick, Temblor, Carisa valley, Cholame, Peachtree, and elsewhere. These deposits are never clearly stratified and are of the nature of alluvial accumulations on land surfaces, rather than in submerged basins. As in the case of the terraces, they have been considerably obscured by the products of later denuda- tion, and it is not always easy to distinguish the Pleistocene from recent deposits. In many places, as at San Emidio, 1Geol. Surv. Calif. Geol. v. 1, p. 250 et seq. 2 Journ. Geol. v. 4, p. 905. 3 Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Calif. v. 1, p. 157. 4 Geol. Surv. Calif. Geol. v. 1, pp. 188, 191 et seq. Vor. IIT] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 35 Coalinga, and elsewhere, the Pleistocene peneplains have been extensively dissected by recent stream erosion and their de- posits are left covering the mesa-like ridges or hills interven- ing between stream valleys. In such cases it is not unusual to find unstratified deposits of boulders covering the top of a ridge, or even resting cap-like on the crest of a conical hill. Among the boulders and pebbles of these deposits may be recognized fragments of all the earlier marine deposits of the range including metamorphics, Cretaceous sandstones, Eocene and Miocene limestones, and even many fragments of the immense oysters of the Coalinga beds as well as later fossils. The fragments of Ostrea titan have often proved mislead- ing to prospectors who have regarded them as a guide for the location of oil sands, with which, in their original position, they are often associated. In those deposits that are most clearly of Pleistocene origin, it is apparent that there is an unconformable relation between them and the underlying formations, and that a period of erosion has intervened. In other words, much of the denuda- tion and base-leveling has antedated the boulder deposits. These deposits are associated with, or more properly include, extensive beds of asphaltum at both McKittrick and Sunset; and in these asphaltum beds have been found the remains of a number of Pleistocene mammals, including the elephant, the horse, and an extinct species of wolf, doubtless representing a fauna belonging to the latter part of the Pleistocene period. It is evident, therefore, that it is to the early or middle epochs of the Pleistocene that the most extensive denudation is due. STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS As a result of more extended study and closer attention to details it is found to be desirable to revise in some points the stratigraphic classification offered in the preceding paper; although as there stated, the essentials are fairly well shown. Undoubtedly there is evidence of unconformity between the 36 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. strata of all of the successive periodic series, and in some cases between different members of the same series. The unconformity between the Chico and the Eocene is both stratigraphic and faunal when taken throughout their extent, though locally there is often some resemblance between them. But their relations have already been sufficiently well shown. If Oligocene strata are conceded for the Pacific coast, and especially in the formations of the California Coast ranges, then either they should occur in the Mount Diablo range, or their absence should add emphasis to the unconformity between strata of the Eocene and the Miocene. If, however, the Temblor beds are regarded as the lowermost Miocene, the evidence of an unconformity between them and the next older strata is significant, and it is clear that the change from one to the other is too abrupt to be called transitional. The strata immediately preceding the Temblor, however, while they are stratigraphically related to the Eocene in the central part of the range, are faunally and even lithologically like the middle Miocene in other parts of the Coast. Probably the most noticeable interruption in the sedimen- tation of the Tertiary is that of the later Miocene—an inter- ruption which intervened between the Monterey and the Coalinga epochs. The evidence of this unconformity is not of the nature of denudation so much as of abrupt change of sedimentation and fauna. This change is conspicuous through- out the range, and in the vicinity of Midway and Sunset shows in the heavy conglomerates, and between Coalinga and New Idria in the thick beds of huge oysters, pectens, and barnacles. The stratigraphic relations of the Coalinga beds with the succeeding series is not so clear, though evidence is not lack- ing of some sort of change in the physical geography of the time. In some few places an angular divergence between the Coalinga beds and the Etchegoin has been observed, though this is not the rule. Whatever this change may have been, it was quite sufficient to inaugurate a considerable change of fauna and, on the whole, a noticeable introduction of more recent or modern forms. Two epochs, one marine and the other lacustrine, are postulated for the Pliocene; and while Vor. IIT] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 37 their strata are mutually conformable and no clear evidence can now be offered to the contrary, it is not impossible that such evidence may be found when the fresh-water series shall become better known. Deposits of Pleistocene age, in the form of alluvial gravels and other superficial and unstratified accumulations, rest un- conformably upon strata of all of the older series, including those of the Tulare, signifying that a long period of denuda- tion intervened between the latter and the late Pleistocene. CORRELATIONS The minor provinces or basins of the Pacific Coast Tertiary deposits have not yet been delimited, and the final correlation of strata studied in different parts of the coast region must await a fuller knowledge of geographical conditions. Even within the limits of California, provincial differences are ap- parent, and there is a lability to error unless a degree of caution is observed; still within limits some correlation is safe and desirable. In the Salinas valley, Tertiary strata are known which can be satisfactorily compared with those of the Mount Diablo range; but in the Coast ranges to the west of the Salinas, bordering on the open sea, it is quite likely that both sedimen- tation and biological conditions were different. Thus far the stratigraphy of the Eocene is only imperfectly known and has been less studied in the outer ranges than in the Mount Diablo range. Dr. Ralph Arnold’ has given a brief and comprehensive sketch of the Eocene occurrences of the Coast, in which he has endeavored to recognize in each the various subdivisions as thus far described.. In its more characteristic and better known portion, namely the Tejon, such an attempt is certain to be more successful and satisfac- tory than in other portions. The Tejon beds occurring in the Mount Diablo range are correlated with similar occur- rences in all parts of the Coast, including Washington, Oregon, 1U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. paper, no. 47, pp. 10-17. 38 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. California, and the peninsula of Lower California. Farther than this it is not now desired to follow them, though no doubt enough is now known of them to render it possible to recog- nize their equivalents in other parts of the United States. In the same paper Dr. Arnold has mentioned supposed oc- currences of Oligocene rocks at various points on the West- coast and has described a formation which he calls the San Lorenzo, which he doubtfully refers to this horizon. The fauna as there described is essentially Eocene, though it con- tains many species occurring in the lower Miocene as else- where known. It is quite likely, though not yet proved, that the Upper Eocene shales of the central Mount Diablo section should be correlated with the San Lorenzo. In the same way they may be correlated with the upper part of the Sespe for- mation described by Eldridge and Arnold’ as occurring in the mountains of Ventura county, and tentatively classed as Oligocene. The horizons of the Miocene can be safely correlated only within narrower limits, and it is not now intended to extend such correlation beyond the immediate environs of the Mount Diablo range. Homer Hamlin* has described certain beds under the name “Vaquero Sandstone’, and Dr. Fairbanks* and Arnold* have repeatedly employed the same name in various papers. The type locality from which the name is derived, however, lacks thus far any faunal or even stratigraphical description, and as it can not be found on any published or official map of the state or county in which it is said to exist, it is difficult to decide what portion of the Miocene rocks, if indeed any, should be classed under this name. The locality has been loosely defined as the eastern slope of the Santa Lucia range, or the western side of the Salinas valley, etc. Hamlin’s de- scription is quite too meager to identify its position in the stratigraphic scale, and aside from suggesting that it is not 1U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Sup. & Ir. no. 89, p. 14. 2U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. no. 309, pp. 10-12. 2U. S. Geol. Surv. San Luis folio, p. 4 et seq. 4Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. v. 43, pp. 19-20; U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. paper 47, pp. 18-19; U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. no. 309, pp. 12-17. Vor. IIT] ANDERSON—FURTHER STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY 39 the basal member of the Neocene, he does not define its place. In his attempt to describe the fauna of the ‘““Vaquero Sand- stone” his materials were taken from a series of sandstones overlying the Stone canyon coal vein on the west slope of the Mount Diablo range. Stratigraphically and faunally it agrees with the Temblor beds, as was determined by the writer before Mr. Hamlin’s description appeared.* Most of the strata that have been described under the name “Vaquero Sandstone”, as far as known, represent a well char- acterized horizon of the Lower Miocene, and as such are without doubt to be correlated with the Temblor beds of the Mount Diablo range. The Monterey shales occurring in the Middle Miocene of California have generally been called by that name; hence little is to be said regarding their correlation with the same in the Mount Diablo range. In general, however, there is a tendency to trust too far to lithological characters in their identification, and it is not unlikely that error has thus origin- ated more than once in the application of this name. The San Pablo beds described by Dr. J. C. Merriam as oc- curring on San Pablo bay, have not yet been sufficiently well exploited to enable a close comparison to be made. The fos- sils contained in the published lists of the San Pablo bay and Kirker’s Pass localities are almost entirely those of the Etchegoin, rather than of the Coalinga. The species which chiefly characterize the lower series do not appear in the San Pablo as at present known, though it is quite possible that a greater resemblance will be found when both become better known. In the San Pablo at its type localities no mention is made of the abundant occurrence of Pecten, Ostrea, Tam- iosoma, Chione, Agasoma, Volutilithes, Chorus, Cancellaria, Turritella, etc. In the former paper the San Pablo, as known from its type localities, was correlated with the Etchegoin; and this seems to be its closest ally among the stratigraphic series farther * As for the name “Vaquero” and its application to any strata outside of the type locality, it has no logical standing, and its claim upon accepted usage rests only upon assumption. 40 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. south, while in the Salinas valley and elsewhere beds that have been generally called San Pablo and otherwise correlated with it, are undoubtedly more closely related to the Coalinga. This is true of the Santa Margarita beds described by Fairbanks,’ which also occur at La Panza Springs, Nacimiento river, and on the Estrella and San Lorenzo creeks. The type locality of Ostrea titan, Tamiosoma gregaria, Pecten estrellanus, P. crassicardo, and many other species described by Conrad, was the Estrella creek where Coalinga beds are abundantly fossil- iferous. It yet remains to be shown that these beds are prop- erly correlated with the San Pablo of the type localities, whereas the fauna of the Coalinga beds is unmistakable in them, as in the Santa Margarita beds. Above the Coalinga beds occurring on the San Juan creek west of the Carisa valley, there are 2000 feet or more of strata, among which the Etchegoin beds and likewise the San Pablo have their place. The equivalents of the Coalinga beds and of the Etchegoin, which doubtless occur in other parts of the Great valley, have not yet been clearly recognized. The classi- fication of the Tulare beds as late Pliocene and their relation to the Merced and Paso Robles formations have already been mentioned. The angle at which the Tulare beds stand in most of their outcrops is evidence of a post-Tulare uplift. It is not unlikely that, when all these formations are better known, it will be found that during the Tulare epoch the Kern-Tulare basin had a more direct relation to the Paso Robles and Merced deposits than that of synchronism. It would be interesting to trace here the long history of crustal movements as they are illustrated in the Mount Diablo range; but that topic, along with many other interesting features of structure that can not now be taken up, must be reserved for future consideration. 1U. S. Geol. Surv. Pub. San Luis folio, no. 101, p. 5-6. CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, March 16, 1908. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FourtH SERIES Vot. III, pp. 41-48 DEcEMBER 31, 1908 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF SEA SNAKE FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, WITH A NOTE ON THE PALATINE TEETH IN THE PROTEROGLYPHA BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH Curator of the Department of Herpetology AND JOSEPH C. THOMPSON Assistant Curator of the Department of Herpetology The correctness of the suggestion of the unity of the genera Hydrophis and Disteira has been most clearly brought out by an examination recently made by Dr. Thompson of the dental characters of nearly every known species of sea snake. In the species referred by authors to Hydrophis, as well as in those placed in the genus Disteira, the teeth behind the fangs normally are grooved. This grooving varies from deep and wide channels extending the entire length of the tooth and readily visible to the unaided eye, to the merest trace, present only at the base of the tooth and requiring for its demon- stration a magnification of sixty diameters. In the widely distributed D. cyanocincta and D. fasciata one not rarely finds specimens in which the grooving is absent, or present on the December 31, 1908 42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. anterior teeth only. It is reasonable to expect that when a considerable series of any of the species is examined a similar variation may be found. During the course of this examination it has been discov- ered that the palatine teeth of many of the species are grooved. The groove is on the antero-internal and on the internal quad- rant of the tooth instead of on the antero-external quadrant, as in the maxillary teeth. This condition was first observed in the type specimen of Hydrelaps darwiniensis. An exam- ination of a skull of Naja melanoleuca from Gaboon reveals the interesting fact that all the palatine teeth are grooved on their internal quadrants, and all the mandibular teeth are grooved on their antero-external quadrants. The palatine teeth are grooved also in the genera Pseudelaps, Diamenia, Bungarus, Doliophis, and Elaps. In Dendraspis they are solid. Among a large number of marine snakes collected by Dr. Thompson at Cavite, Manila Bay, in 1906, are nineteen speci- mens which we are unable to identify with any of the de- scribed species of Hydrophine. This new species of Disteira we propose to name for the U. S. S. Cincinnati, to the crew of which the junior author is deeply indebted for much aid in collecting sea-snakes. Disteira cincinnatii new species Diagnosis.—This species is closely related to D. fasciata Schneider and D. brookii Boulenger. From D. fasciata it differs in being much stouter; in the narrow portion of the neck being shorter; in the lower average number of gastrosteges’; in the arching of the maxilla between the fang and first tooth, and the absence of an acute apex in front of the fangs; and in the less acute posterior angle of the frontal plate. From D. brookii it differs in the lower average number of gastrosteges; in the character of the scales on the sides of the body, which are mostly regular hexagons or are a trifle broader than long, where in D. brookii the upper and lower angles of the scales are very acute and the laterals are twice the size of the scales on the back. In D. brookii the snout is much broader. Type—Adult male. California Academy of Sciences, No. 15016. One mile N. E. of Cavite, Manila Bay, Philippine Islands. Dr. J. C. Thomp- son. December 20, 1906. 1Average in twenty specimens of D. cincinnatii is 361, while in twenty-six D. fasciata it is 417. Vou. III] VAN DENBURGH AND THOMPSON—NEW SEA SNAKE 43 Description of the Type—Head not distinct from neck, convex above; snout tapering and slightly projecting; eye large, its diameter equaling one and a half times its distance from mouth. Neck small, less than one- third greatest depth of body, slender portion short, less than one-fourth total length. Body compressed, width less than one-half depth, greatest depth about three and one-half times that of neck. Tail about one-tenth total length. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, breadth .0024M., depth .0021M.; sutures with first labial converge a trifle above, upper angle a little less than a right angle; facet for nasal .0012M., longer than facet for labial; lower border with convex median protuberance about one millimeter wide, fitting into deep concavity in mental; on each side of this protuberance are little concavities into which fit external superior angles of mental; portion of rostral visible from above about one mm. long. Nasal .003M. long, .002M. wide; anterior border formed by facets for rostral and first labial, latter shorter; mutual facet straight, .0023M. long; posterior borders of nasals nearly in straight line, if anything forming an angle with apex posterior; facet for second labial divided into two portions by suture running from anterior external quadrant of nostril out- ward and slightly forward to middle of second labial; nostril oval, long axis (.0008M.) parallel to suture of nasal and rostral plates; between nostril and prefrontal plate is a dent or suggestion of suture in nasal shield. Prefrontal broadly in contact with its fellow and second labial; length .0015M.; breadth .002M.; mutual suture .0009M.; anterior external angle acute; facet for frontal .0012M., a trifle longer than that for supraocular ; facet for preocular .001M. Frontal one and one half times as long as broad, length .003M., breadth .0019M.; .003M. from rostral; supraocular facets .0014M., parallel; parietal facet .0014M.; posterior angle barely acute; anterior angle obtuse. Parietal .003M. long, .0025M. wide; mutual suture .0028M.; anterior angle obtuse; facet for superior postocular .0005M.; facet for anterior temporal .0014M., posterior .0024M.; posterior angle rounded, touching a single scale which lies between the azygos shield and posterior temporal. Preocular one, in contact with second and third labials. Postoculars two (normally one), superior a little larger. Tem- porals one followed by one; posterior larger, its suture with parietal nearly twice as long as that of anterior. Superior labials six; third and fourth entering eye; first nearly square; second greatly produced upward and backward, touching preocular and prefrontal. Mental .0018M. wide, .0007M. long. Infralabials eight; first in contact with its fellow; fourth very small; fifth largest. Genials in two pairs; subequal; anterior in con- tact; posterior partially separated by a single scale. Gastrosteges 360; distinct throughout; nearly all with two tubercles; on anterior part of body vary from one and one-fourth times to nearly twice size of scales in adjoining row. Preanals five; outer pair about three times as large as inner. Scales on neck in 28 rows, subimbricate, smooth, longer than broad, with truncate apex; on body, in 44 rows, oblong in a few median dorsal rows, majority on sides as broad as long, some a trifle broader than long; smooth on anterior portion of body, gradually acquiring a single tubercle and changing to hexagonal type posteriorly. 44 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. Head black; neck black with light vertical bars or incomplete rings, the first just behind the head; body black marked with lighter rings; tail black with light rings or vertical bars. The light bars or rings are much wider on the sides and below than on the back. The upper portion of each light ring is gray, while the lower half or more is clear yellow. The tubercles of the gastrosteges are black. There are 45 bands on the body and six on the tail. Total length 752 mm. Length of tail 77 mm. Diameter of neck 6 mm. Diameter of body 20 mm. Variation—The following table shows the variation in the more important characters: tenath | Dar| Fee | S| |e] E|_ | 2 | Banas Specimen x ma | Fed Nhe || | g Ae “) 2 lsl3/Sl eis] a] 213] 2S] el sls alsizlalzla|l dé le&laela laa alala (S00te sacle: 474 |45| 5 |15]27|40|333)4]1]1 | 7 |1-1146| 3 15002 S brtense ctl 487 |41| 6 |14128]42|365| 4] 1] 1] 6 |1-1]41] 14 1SOO3%2 kee aats 91518 |47| 6 | 14] 26|39)370| 4| 1] 1 | 6 {1-1] 44] 4 15004 -cteeo ester 2 1579 | 45] 6 | 16/29] 46|394] 411] 1 | 6 [1-1] 49] 5 [5005 sen cteaieas 587 161| 6 | 15|26| 411345] 4] 1] 1 |6-7]1-1]43| 4 15006 P2hraneeses © | 676 |69| 6 | 16|24| 381323] 4 | 1 }1-2] 6 }1-1] 41] 5 ree ae 5 679 |71| 6 }17|25|38/351} 4] 4] 4 5-6|55 47| 4 [5008 cas baie of © | 701 |54] 6 | 23|29| 44/371] 4] 1] 1 | 6 41-1153] 4 15009 Aaoaescexe 717 |74| 6 | 20] 26|42|358| 4] 1] 1] 6 |1-1]/54| 5 [5010s sec eeee 3} 718 | 80] 6 | 21/27] 44|365] 4] 1] 1 | 6 |1-1] 46] 4 {SOllle nsec 721 |77| 6 |18|28|42|356| 4 | 1 |1-0/7-8|1-1] 47] 3 150 12base a. 8a o| 723 |75| 6 | 19] 27) 44]336] 4} 1] 1 | 6 |1-1] 44] 3 1501S cce etek @ | 743 |59] 6 | 26| 28] 42/390] 4] 1 | 1 | 6 |1-1]49] 3 TSO 1A aaa Ace Q | 748 |67] 6 | 23|28]42]384| 4} 1] 1 | 6 1-1] 46] 6 [S015 eens Q | 752/58] 7 | 24|28]44]379] 4} 1] 1 | 6 [1-1] 47] 3 15016 Type ....| | 752 |77| 6 | 20| 28| 44/360] 5] 1 | 2 | 6 |1-1] 45] 6 15017 sheraseictous 771 |67| 6 | 21|26|42|380| 4} 11 1 16-7|1-1]49]| 6 T501Seeeeee 786 |77| 7 |20|28]42|355| 5 ]1]1 | 7 {1-1)42| 3 British Museum] (‘| 651 | 66 28 | 41] 320} 4 | 1 |1-2] 7 |1-1]50] 3 Senckenberg... 340 | 32 29 | 44 | 386 Average... 27 | 42| 361) 4} 1] 1 | 6 |1-1/45] 4 An accurate idea of the difference in the length of the tail between the male and the female is to be seen in the specimens No. 15016 and No. 15015: this is .019M. or exactly 25% longer in the male. In No. 15002 the right anterior temporal enters the rim of mouth, and the left is fused with the sixth superior labial. Fresh Coloration.—The following notes on coloration were made from fresh specimens. Vou. II] VAN DENBURGH AND THOMPSON—NEW SEA SNAKE 45 No. 15001.—Body rings, above yellowish greenish gray, sides and below ochre yellow; demarcation not distinct, on about the ninth scale row. No. 15002.—Head and neck shiny jet black, body dull black, tail blacker; on nape two oblong yellow spots; on neck and body forty yellow spots on each side, the majority con- fluent across back; on tail, one similar mark and a faint yel- low spot behind it. The upper third of each spot on body is olive yellow, the lower two-thirds are orange yellow. These spots at widest part on body average one to one and one-half scales narrower than the black body-color between them. No. 15010.—Head and neck for over 100 mm. shiny jet black ; latter with canary-yellow bars, the first represented by two little oblong patches three scales behind the posterior temporals. The black bars on the body average nine scales long on the middorsal line, and four or five on the middle of the sides. The light markings are grayish olive yellow above and orange below; there is an abrupt line of demarcation on about the eleventh to twelfth row of scales. Tail dull black, the yellow clear, no olive above. No. 15012.—Light markings olive gray above, light yellow- ish gray on sides, demarcation fairly sharp on about the eleventh row of scales. Anatomical Notes.—In the maxilla are positions for two fangs, the inner a trifle the more anterior. There usually is one fang firmly cemented into place, and another nearly erect but loose. The fangs are compressed laterally and are about one millimeter long. The space between the base of the outer fang and the center of the base of the first tooth is a little more than the length of the fang. There are five teeth, about two-thirds the length of the fang; the grooving is on the anterior and outer quadrant. The hemipenis (from specimen No. 15012) is bifurcate; with the organ everted and inflated the distance from an apex to the bottom of the division is .0004M.; sulcus bifurcate for a distance of .0026M. from apex. Apex and portion between rami of sulcus smooth. Papillae border smooth area for about two indistinct rows. Spines begin about the middle of the 46 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. rami of the sulcus and extend to .013M. from apex; they are very uniform in size. There is a basal papilla on the smooth portion of the base of the organ opposite the sulcus; this is .00O3M. from the spinous area and .0155M. from the apex. This papilla is triangular, about .0012M. long, and its apex points toward the base of the organ and is free for about .0004M. We have found such a basal papilla also in Lapemis hardwicku, Disteira ornata and Disteira cyanocincta. Its pres- ence in Disteira stokesii is indicated in the figure given by Cope. According to Cope’s figure it does not exist in Hydrus platurus and we have found it wanting in Laticauda colubrina. Habits.—This species is rarely seen in the daytime, and has not been observed floating on the surface during the day, as has been the case with Disteira cyanocincta. When it comes to the suface for air it swims directly upward at great speed, with the neck and anterior third of the body straight and the tail and posterior portion of body undulating, the head rises about a centimeter above the surface of the water, and then, instantly, the animal turns and dives vertically down out of sight. At night, in the area illuminated by the gangway lights, they are seen swimming slowly and horizontally at the sur- face, the neck nearly straight or curving slightly while the posterior third of the snake is in motion. All the specimens were taken with a dip-net from the gangway of the ship after dark. A light was hung over the side near the water, attract- ing crustacea and fish. There is no reason to believe the serpents were drawn by the light, for they would swim in and out of the illuminated area quite as though it were not there. They are fairly easy to capture and are extremely helpless when out of the water. The only food found in the stomachs of the series of nineteen snakes was four specimens of a small eel belonging in the genus Murenichthys. These eels were submitted to Professor Charles H. Gilbert of Stan- ford University and pronounced by him to belong to an un- described species which has since been named Murenichthys thompsoni Jordan and Richardson." The ship was anchored 1Dr. Gilbert writes us, “‘I regret we have no knowledge of its [Muranichthys thompsoni] habits, and can only say that the probabilities are much in favor of its being a bottom form living in moderate depths (within fifty fathoms).” Vor. 111] VAN DENBURGH AND THOMPSON—NEW SEA SNAKE 47 in about twelve fathoms of water at the time these snakes were collected. Two females collected January 6, 1907, each contained three embryos. The heart of one embryo was found beating fifty-six times per minute, one hour after the death of the mother in alcohol. Material—In addition to the eighteen specimens of this snake in the Academy’s collection and the one presented by Dr. Thompson to the British Museum, we know of but one other specimen of Disteira cincinnati. This is No. 9281.1a Senckenberg Museum and is mentioned by Boettger in his catalogue of snakes as Hydrophis fasciatus collected by Moel- lendorff at Manila. CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, December 7, 1908. 48 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES {Proc. 4TH Ser. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I Disteira cincinnatii new species From the specimen in the British Museum. No. 08-3-19-1. Male. Enlarged three times. Ch, fv oy tae te oR 32. ] SIW1g [NOSAWOH], 9 HSENENIY Nv] TIOANSS POG avIy WW] 204g PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FourtTH SERIES Vor. III, pp. 49-56 DECEMBER 20, 1909 NEW AND PREVIOUSLY UNRECORDED SPECIES OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS FROM THE ISLAND OF FORMOSA BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH Curator of the Department of Herpetology The herpetological fauna of the island of Formosa has been represented in museums by but few specimens, and our knowledge of it has been correspondingly fragmentary. It has been, therefore, a source of much pleasure recently to re- ceive from this island a collection of some two thousand speci- mens, beautifully prepared and carefully labeled as to locali- ties. This collection is of extreme interest since, in addition to the species previously recorded from Formosa, it in- cludes many species not hitherto known to occur in this island. Some of these are already known from examples secured either in the Riu Kiu Islands, to the north, or from continental Asia. Others, including a representative of a new genus, are new to science. This paper is intended merely as a preliminary record of the new and unrecorded species. A more complete report upon the collection must await further study. December 20, 1909 50 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser. Ophisaurus harti Boulenger? The presence in Formosa of a species of Ophisaurus is attested by a specimen now in the Taiwan Medical School. This specimen was collected, by the late Rev. Mr. MacKay, at Tamsue. Another specimen, collected at Shinchiku, was for- merly in this museum, but has been lost. We have not as yet secured a specimen, but our collector states that individuals have been seen at Takao sunning themselves on a stone wall that borders a grove of screw pines. The general relationship of the fauna would lead one to suspect that the Ophisaurus of Formosa is probably identical with Boulenger’s O. harti from Fokien, China; but the notes which I have received concerning the specimen in the Medical School indicate that the Formosan lizard is distinct. The matter must remain undecided until a specimen is received for examination. Takydromus septentrionalis Gunther The collection includes a number of specimens of this lizard from the Pescadores, as well as a large series from Taihoku, Koshun, Polisia, Taipeh, and Keelung, Formosa. Takydromus sauteri new species Diagnosis —Dorsals large, in regular series; four pairs of postmental shields; one inguinal pore on each side; head and tail much elongate; color above bright green; upper lip and lower surfaces white. Type.—California Academy of Sciences, No. 18001. Koshun, Formosa. Takydromus kuehnei new species Diagnosis.—Dorsals large, in regular series; four pairs of postmental shields; four or five inguinal pores on each side; head elongate; olive or olive brown above, with dark olive brown lateral streak, lower surfaces white. Type.—California Academy of Sciences, No. 18002. Kanshirei, For- mosa. Polyodontophis collaris Gray This snake, which previously has not been reported from Formosa, is represented in the collection by two specimens Vor. WI] VAN DENBURGH—NEW REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS 51 from Kanshirei. Boulenger has recorded the species from Fokien, China. Pseudagkistrodon new genus Maxillary teeth thirteen, moderate, subequal, followed, without an interspace, by two extremely large fangs. Dentary not movable on articular. Mandibular teeth subequal. Head elongate, moderately dis- tinct from neck. Eye large, with round pupil, completely separated from labials by a series of suboculars. Body stout; scales strongly keeled, in 23-24 rows, without apical pits. Gastrosteges rounded. Anal divided. Urosteges in two rows. Tail moderate. Hypapophyses present through- out vertebral column. This remarkable new genus appears to be most closely allied to Macropisthodon. The maxillary bone is very short. The two long teeth lie horizontally and directed inward and backward, in such position that it is difficult to see how they can be used. Their posterior edges are sharp. The posterior portion of the palatine is much thickened. The quadrate is of extreme length. Externally the genus may be distinguished by the complete series of oculars surrounding the eye. The type and only known species of the genus is: Pseudagkistrodon carinatus new species Type—California Academy of Sciences, No. 18003. Formosa. Description of the Type.—General form rather short, moderately stout, head elongate, tail moderate. Rostral twice as broad as deep; internasals a little broader than long, nearly as long as prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, nearly as long as parietals, longer than its distance from end of snout; supraocular in contact with prefrontal; all upper head plates roughened; loreal very small; eye bordered in front, below and behind by a series of nine small plates; temporals 3-4, strongly keeled; supra- labials seven, fifth or sixth largest; infralabials nine, first in contact with its fellow; anterior genials smaller than posterior, in contact with first four infralabials; posterior genials separated from first gastrostege by one plate; scales very strongly keeled, in twenty-three rows, those of outer row nearly twice as large as those above; gastrosteges 141; anal divided; urosteges in two series, 64 and tip. Head uniform brown above, yellowish white below; rostral, sub- oculars and supralabials yellowish white, the latter clouded with brown; a dark streak from rostral through nostril and eye to upper part of last labial. Body grayish or yellowish brown above; anteriorly with large, irregular, dark brown, sometimes black-edged, blotches separated 52 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. by angular pale areas. Sides with smaller alternating dark blotches. Posteriorly the blotches become much smaller and are disposed in trans- verse series of three. Lower surfaces yellowish white, dotted, clouded or marbled with dark brown. Ben gt hw tOmanis vv cs) sale cere asics rere wirearereetteete 543 mm. Wength mop etatl. « 4.21 99.99 1 Bull. Cal. State Mng. Bur., No. 38, p. 275. 94 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. A sample of similar material taken from near the same place was analyzed by Dr. A. S. Eakle, of the University of Califor- nia, and was found to correspond very closely in composition to a true volcanic ash with an admixture of quartz sand and some other foreign minerals. His analysis, given below, differs from the foregoing in a manner that may be largely accounted for in this way. With a good magnifier nearly all of the samples showed clastic matter of this sort mingled with the ashy products, and the sample analyzed was not exceptional, but fairly representative of the great mass of this rock. It was taken from an old mine a few miles north of Poso station on the road to Granite. Dr. Eakle’s analysis follows: Siliean(SiOs) P22 Pee eee 64.23 Atinmania (CAILOS) 202 ect neteev ne eee 17.85 Herric’oxides\(Fe:O};) ase a ee eee 4.25 ermen(GaQws..ssio sik ate een eee 4.01 Macnesiae(MgO) ea eee Trace Rotasha(ke ©) a. nea eee 155 Sodac(Naz@) °. i.y...0clee Bee 1.98 Teniitconapie sack oc. Soe ee oe eee 3-33 99.23 In the rock opened by mining there are casts of marine invertebrates, bones of marine vertebrates and the teeth of sharks. The lens reveals many minute scales of dark mica, and the confused granular surface of decayed felspathic matter and quartz sand. Several beds of this or similar material occur in this member of the Temblor, especially north of Poso Creek, where they form prominent outcrops at the sur- face, which are easily followed along their strike. A few outcrops of sand are sufficiently bituminous to induce drilling for oil, which has been done in different parts of the district, but thus far without satisfactory results. The fresh-water or brackish-water facies of the Neocene which was described some pages back, forms a local phase of the Temblor group. The difficulties to be overcome in making any division of the Temblor group upon the basis of litho- logical character become apparent when attempted in this quarter of the field. The more shaly portion is nearest the base, and the beds become coarser toward the top, though clays are distributed throughout the column. Vor. 111] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 95 Then, as will be shown presently, there is reason to regard the whole collection of fossiliferous beds as representing the whole of the Temblor group, though it is not proved that some part of the series has not been carried away. THe Kern RIVER GROUP The uppermost group of the Neocene, as far as known, is almost without fossils, and consists of sandy beds, alternating aggregates of sands and clays, and, toward the top, beds of gravel. These beds are well exposed in outcrop one or two miles east of the Kern River oil-field, and along Cottonwood Creek, and southward, and on the Caliente, and also north of the Poso stage-station on the road to Granite. Beds of gravel and conglomerate, and frequently large boulders, are charac- teristic of this group. Some of the boulders near Cottonwood and Caliente creeks are above a ton in weight. The upper part of the group is usually gray in color, but the larger part has a characteristic pale greenish or sometimes yellow color, though it often contains thin strata of chocolate- brown sand or clay. The entire group bears evidence of being a _ terrigenous rather than an organic deposit, as far as known from its out- crops and from the well-records of the Kern River district. What it may be beneath the valley floor can only be surmised, though very likely its organic component becomes more pro- nounced, and the detrital is reduced. The thickness of the group varies somewhat in different parts of the area, though in general it is under 2000 feet. To the north of the Kern River estimates have generally resulted in placing it near 1260 feet. South of Cottonwood Creek a partial section was measured which had a thickness of over 1100 feet, and on Caliente Creek a calculation based upon the average dip showed a thickness of something more than 1500 feet. Its thickness is naturally greater in the western part of the area than in the eastern, where it has usually suffered from denudation. The group often exhibits sudden alternations of condition, changing quickly from clays, shales, etc., to coarse gravels and boulders. Some of the boulders of granitic rock are so 96 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. large as to suggest glacial or other unusual conditions during sedimentation. There is quite generally the appearance of stratigraphic continuity in the Neocene series, and at any one point it is not easy to detect any angular divergence in dip or strike between the Kern River and Temblor groups. When followed along the strike, however, there is conclusive evidence of overlapping and of unconformity between the two groups. Just south of the Kern River, and also near White River, the Kern River group rests upon and covers in turn different members of the older group, and finally rests directly upon the granite. The same is probably true to the north of the Tejon valley. Special importance is attached to the stratigraphy and distri- bution of this group from the fact that the productive oil- measures of the Kern River district are confined to it. From this fact it has been called the Kern River group. The oil- measures make up about one-half of the stratigraphic volume of the beds. Very little oil, and probably no oil in commercial quantities, has been found in the Kern River field below the base of this group, though small quantities of oil and gas are often reported. Bituminous matter in small quantities has often been seen in some of the outcrops of the older group, but as indications of oil deposits they are generally negligible. The age of the Kern River group is not readily told, except that it is younger than the Temblor, with which it is certainly unconformable, as already stated. The only fossil remains that have yet been discovered in it are fragments of petrified wood, but aside from suggesting fresh water conditions, or perhaps those of shallow water, they are of little value. The oil-measures furnish a sort of evidence, which is perhaps stronger than a suggestion, that the group should be correlated with the petroliferous beds at Sunset, Midway and McKit- trick, but this topic will be deferred for the present. QUATERNARY Deposits Overlying all of the older formations of the lower Kern River region, including the basement rocks and the Neocene, Vor. WI] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 97 and resting more or less horizontally across their edges where they are upturned, are thick deposits of gravel of distinctly alluvial origin belonging to a former epoch. Their areal extent is difficult to estimate, but they occur along all of the larger streams and stream-terraces, and along the borders of the valley plain are blended with recent alluvial deposits of the Kern valley. The most characteristic of these deposits have some elevation above the present stream beds, and from these they range upward in altitude to several hundred feet. A large area of these alluvial sands and gravels occurs along White River, and another about the lower portion of Caliente Creek; but these areas are probably among the more recent. Along the upper terraces of the Kern River are some of the older deposits. The more recent deposits are naturally the thickest, having suffered less from denudation. Near Bena, a small station on the Southern Pacific railroad, they form cliffs of horizontally stratified gravels nearly 100 feet in height, but probably these represent only the upper portion of the deposits, and their true thickness at this place is quite unknown. They rest in turn upon the upturned edges of both the Temblor and the Kern River groups, and clearly occupy a trough excavated in these formations prior to the epoch of alluviation. These alluvial deposits vary in texture from coarse gravels to sands and clays, and have usually a rusty yellow color. For the most part they are incoherent, though near the summit a hard layer is often seen, which has served to protect the cliffs from reduction. The denudation and excavation of the older groups prior to alluviation is interesting, as showing a relative elevation of the land surface, very probably above the present altitude; and the formation of alluvial deposits that are now elevated shows as clearly a corresponding depression of the land sur- face. Alluviation and terracing have doubtless been syn- chronous. FAUNAL FEATURES OF THE SERIES The faunal contents of the Neocene series of the Kern River and its vicinity present some interesting and unexpected features. Blake’s collections were probably made from the 98 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc, 4TH Ser. lower fossiliferous beds of the series, but he was unable to arrive at any more definite conclusion than that the beds were of Middle Tertiary, or Miocene age. Whitney and Gabb came only to the same general conclusion as to their age. Dr. J. G. Cooper, after examining several small collections made by W. L. Watts, partly from the lowest horizon, though chiefly from one higher up, was able to classify the beds only as Neocene. Among the fossils from the vicinity of Barker’s ranch he believed he had identified many living species, and evidently these influenced his determination of their age. Later J. C. Merriam expressed a belief that the beds containing Turritella ocoyana and two or more forms of Agasoma, etc., were of Lower Miocene age, and refers to the Kern River beds as examples of the same. It is due also to remember that Dr. Merriam recognized the occurrence of many species in these beds having a modern or recent aspect. In accordance with the views already expressed in this paper, only the lower 2000 feet of strata can confidently be called Miocene, as only that part of the series is known to be fossiliferous. Within this range, fossils are found at different levels throughout the area, some species having the entire vertical range. Dosinia whitneyi, Chione temblorensis, Pec- tunculus septentrionalis, and Neverita callosa have been found at both the top and bottom of the fossil-bearing strata. Pecten andersoni, Venus pertenuis, and Solen sicarius have a consid- erable vertical range. But by far the larger number of species and individuals are found in a much more restricted range. There are, as already suggested, three well-marked horizons, separated by intervals of more than 400 feet, which contain nine-tenths of the fossils and an equal proportion of the species. These horizons have been designated as Zones A, B, and C. Zone A is that of Pyramid Hill on the divide between the Kern River and Poso Creek. It is apparently the horizon described by Blake, and the one from which he collected the species described by Conrad, and it constitutes the lowest known fossiliferous horizon of the series. The top of Zone A is not more than 500 feet above the base. The beds are some- what concretionary and exceedingly fossiliferous. Zone B is that of the Barker’s ranch locality, best seen on the north bank of the river one mile above the old ranch house. Vor. II] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 99 It is the horizon chiefly represented in the list of species pub- lished by the writer in 1905, and is also the horizon from which Dr. Cooper believed he had obtained many living species. Probably none, or only a few, of the species are actually living, though it must be admitted that the resemblance of many of them to living forms is more than superficial. Probably many of them are the lineal antecedents of forms now living along the Pacific coast. Zone B has a stratigraphic thickness of less than 150 feet, and may be generally taken as 100 feet, though some of the species are found a little lower. Zone C is that exposed near the top of Round Mountain, two miles north of Barker’s ranch, and also in the hills west of Round Mountain, locally known as the Shark-Tooth Hills. It is the horizon from which most of the sharks’ teeth have been obtained, including those to which reference is made by Dr. Jordan.? This horizon can be followed across the field for many miles, and can usually be identified by its characteristic white marl, by its abundant sharks’ teeth, and by the fact that it forms the uppermost fossil horizon, and is overlain by the greenish-gray sands of the Kern River group. On the following pages are given lists of the more common or characteristic species of the three principal horizons of the Kern River Neocene series. The fossils of Zone A were collected by W. H. Ochsner, A. G. Carpenter, and the writer from the south side of Pyramid Hill in 1909, List oF SPECIES eee ts Ye Ss = fs > : ; Miocene Fossil Zones Species from the Kern River section: Beers A B (e ee SE ee | te Arca; montereyaha OSMONT «.2 044.0 ee. x x Cardium vaqueroénse ARNOLD......................... x Cyrena (Corbicula) dumblei ANDERSON................ x ~K Cytherea (Callista) mathewsoni GABB................. >< x Giiherea rsp ogy sso en eee. x Dosiniav conrad: Gane sac. ye ee x x Dosinia whtineyss Gans: s. Lee x xe x ELOMOMVANS Ponte ieee een eee >< x Ledaoregona SHUMARD) ain ence ee... x Mactran (ci VMimalbaria Cont) -eoee eee ment x Mactra (Spisula) (rel. M. falcata GED) Peer ee, x MIG CER GSD on: cece eC x Mytilus mathewsoni GaBB.......000050000050. 000000, x * Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cal., v. 3, pp. 95-144, 100 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Serr. ’ List oF SpEctES—Cont’d. A . 5 Miocene Fossil Zones Species from the Kern River Section: ——————— A B Cc MA tales a ESI Es Pay eters a .855 cho" 2,s;0%0 arehele oseis arses steerer stele x OStréa elarid sev SARNOLD wrssajeirs:c2.d-2 156 sale oie ieee x Ostreaish. (rel (O stitan 'CON.) ......0- 5-005 eases x Ostrea spi (small thin valves),...0.052.s0s0 ev seni edng x Pectensandersonte ARNOLD =..2).5<=.\.) 2450 anecisiete pei x x PeckensbowersStaARNOLD: cee os 010 ce 3/2 si0 oe cle cie.e ais sists fetes x (PECtem IMASNOUGNGONRAD» IP. z a;cis « 'sccierasiorcie enemies x Becten nevadensisGONRAD. «acces smote sci occlu sae erioe x Pectentperrins ARNOLD ..c.< Venus (Mercenaria) pertenuis GABB............-+.006 x x Venus (Chione) temblorensis ANDERSON............++- x x x Voldtalsp. (rel: Y. Coopert GABB)) . «2s «s1eieie ssi epee e crete < =< ALASOMA LVAVIGUM GABB. 60:00:05 «iw -sciniote\siels pish aie ele rele ss x x Agasoma kernianum COOPER ........-.--eeeeeeeeeeeees x x < Bullia (Molopophorus) anglonana ANDERSON .......... x Cancellaria condoni ANDERSON ..........-+..02e0+ e000 2 Cancellaria dallana ANDERSON............-+--e+e+ee eee >< Cancellaria joaquinensis ANDERSON.............2200+5- x Cancellaria pacifica ANDERSON...........-00eeeeeeeeee x Cancellaria simplex ANDERSON .........00.00eeeeeeeeee x GhrisodomuSts pie cnemciate sos 0 oko as sis oe splec ete atsitats x Conus owenana ANDERSON...........0ce+cseeceeeeeees x x x Crepidula praerupta CONRAD ............2eeeeeee eee ees x Cre pidula Princeps- CONRAD 5 o:o.<:<0iarecrale sj) «iove/a Kets aie lererelorors x Cuma biplicctanGAase cco: «sce ooic seeieec atte aria Dentalium substriatum CONRAD..........00-00+eeeeeee x Den tality es paren toccvac «sieves Wists Sesser oie peteleetsieeratsreraee x SC Epitonium (Opalia) (cf. O. rugiferum DaLL).......... sd Niassa ‘arnoldti ANDERSON is, <.021nief= «icin steels atelsletoreie x Naiicas (rel-uNelewsst GOULD). 65 .10-1:2 sisisiniaie assis ioe x NeveritarcallosauGaBBh:...2 s.)fcco onsets ore e ness ce x x x Oliva) californica SANDERSON 0). 2 0j62-/2/aisie 65 5a[eine re «0's Xx x Oliva futheyana ANDERSON ...........-.22.0sen0ceceees x Pleurotoma (Clathurella) dumblei ANDERSON .......... x Purpura liman MARTYNisee cos «> «.onian Jems sei eeeicie ersten x x Scaphander jugularis CONRAD .............000eeeeeeeee x Sigaretus scopulostis CONRAD. .... 00.2000. 0seccsesee esis x There OYE \COOPETTAAINDERSON = /..2.:.«.=10)5 sioicle Welelo its ahalatelee cleats ¢ EV OCKIG: GlOSGs GABE sees sare sicis, siete o:teve niece a srorare seaapeeiees x Trophon kernensis ANDERSON.............00000eeeeees x Turritellavocoyanas GONRAD ss ..6)-25seceecle ic ogee lebierras x Vor. 111] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 101 Species cited by Blake as determined by Conrad from the Lower Miocene of Ocoya Creek: Natica genticulata ConraD Natica ocoyana CONRAD Scaphander jugularis CONRAD Agasoma gravidum Garp (figured but not named) Agasoma kernianum Cooper (figured but not named) Pleurotoma transmontana CONRAD Nassa arnoldi ANDERSON (figured but not named) Sycotypus ocoyanus CONRAD Turritella ocoyana ConRaD Colus arctatus CoNRAD Crepidula prerupta Conrad (figured only) Tellina ocoyana ConraD Pecten nevadensis CONRAD Pecten catilliformis Conrap Arca microdonta CoNRAD Dosinia sp. Cardium sp. Solen sp. Venus sp. Cytherea (Callista) mathewsoni ? Gass Fossil Fishes determined by Dr. Jordan from the Lower Miocene of Kern River: « Carcharias antiquus AGASSIZ Carcharodon branneri JorDAN Carcharodon rectus AGASSIZ ’ Dalatias occidentalis AGAssiz Galeocerdo productus AGASSIZ Hemipristis heteropleurus AGASSIZ Heptranchias andersoni JORDAN Isurus planus AGAssiz Isurus smithi JoRDAN Isurus tumulus AGASSIZ Lamna clavata AGassiz The species contained in the foregoing list are mainly from the top of the Temblor, or the horizon of Zone C, and were collected by the writer or by Mr. John Barker as before stated. In addition to the above species there are many remains of rays, skates, sword-fish, and other marine fishes and animals. Vertebrae and other bones of whales, and the jaws, teeth, and ribs of marine mammals are occasionally found. Teeth of sea lions and of Desmostylus have also been found among the fossils of Zone C. According to Blake’s statement, the species described by Agassiz were, with perhaps two exceptions, obtained from a lower horizon on Poso Creek; but as far as known to the writer, the most prolific beds are at the upper limit of marine shells. The beds of this horizon are probably the most per- 102 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. sistent in character, and can be followed farther through the field than any others that have been attempted. A prominent layer of white sandy marl with an abundance of vertebrate remains can be followed easily for many miles. Mr. Charles Morrice has recently collected from a small area in this zone an enormous number—1500 or more—of vertebrate fossil remains, including the teeth of many species of sharks and skates, the jaws and teeth of sea-lions, bones of whales, etc. Some of the sharks are probably undescribed species. Teeth of a Desmostylus have been obtained also from the same locality. It seems remarkable that so many remains, including diverse species, could be assembled in so small an area, which, at the time of their deposition and burial, must have been considerably off shore. Probably they mark an epoch of abnormal destruction among marine veretebrates, possibly an epoch of violent volcanic activity accompanied by the fall of ash, etc. As has been already stated, the teeth and other remains found at other horizons than Zone C, are often found just beneath beds of volcanic ash, or in beds in which ash makes up an important part. As will be seen, the faunas of the three prominent zones already described belong to the lower division of the Neocene, and are characteristically Lower Miocene. The upper division as far as known is almost without fossils, and is barren of any forms that are serviceable for stratigraphic correlation. FOossILS FROM THE ESTUARINE BEDS Among the invertebrate fossils occurring in the estuarine beds of Caliente Creek, Dr. Dall has recognized land shells belonging to the genera Circinaria and Epiphragmophora. In addition to these a species of Corbicula near C. dumblei occurs in great abundance in one or more beds near the top of the series. No special effort was made to collect or to determine the land plants contained in these beds, though, along with ferns, etc., the following genera were recognized: Salix, Platanus, Ficus. Other genera, however, were observed and also col- lected. Vor. WI] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 103 CORRELATION OF DEposits In a recent paper on the Geologic Record of California,’ Dr. J. Perrin Smith has made a tabulated statement of the recognized sedimentary groups of California, including a sum- mary, and tentative correlation of the formations that have thus far been described in the Neocene deposits. This is undoubtedly the most concise and satisfactory statement that has yet appeared of the progress made upon the correlation of the Neocene in California, though it evidently leaves much to be settled. The standard column of the Neocene is still a debatable subject, and will probably remain so for some years. As shown in former papers bearing upon the stratigraphy of the valley borders, and as shown also in the tabular sum- mary of Dr. Smith, here reprinted, there are, in the Mt. Diablo Range taken as a whole, all of the horizons of the Neocene, or their equivalents, that are to be found in any part of the coast, or in other words, all that are required for a cornplete section ; though there are few places, if any, in which they are all present in recognizable form. At one point the lower, at another the middle, and at still another the upper members of the series are more fully developed. In the Kern River region if all of the members are present, they have not been recog- nized, and there appears to be the same incompleteness of section. While it is possible or perhaps easy to identify some of the beds with members of a standard column, it is at present not safe to attempt a complete correlation of the several groups in the Kern River Neocene with those even of the Mt. Diablo Range. There is great variability in both the lithology and the faunas of contemporary beds even within the limits of the basin here concerned. For example, the Neocene deposits on the west side of the valley near the Temblor ranch and near Sunset have a thickness estimated at more than 6000 feet, consisting chiefly of shales which are largely organic. The contemporaneous strata near the Kern River attain hardly more than half this thickness, and are mainly of sandy detritus, with beds of ash and a minor part of shale, not exclusively organic. On the west side of the valley the beds are fossilifer- 1 Jour. Geol., v. 18, 1910, pp. 216-227. 104 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. ous in places, even to near the top; while on the Kern River side the upper beds are destitute of fossils, except for a few which serve little for correlation. The problems of correlation appear to be such as can be solved satisfactorily only by reference to the physical geog- raphy and other conditions attendant upon Neocene sedimenta- tion, and in the light of facts gathered from districts somewhat outside the one under discussion. Doubtless marine currents during Neocene times played no small part in the distribution of the materials, and hence with the stratigraphy and thickness of the beds, and possibly also with their faunas. But it is only by recognizing the entire extent and position of the particular basin of deposition and its physical history that we gain the view requisite for the problems of correlation. Tue TEMBLOR BASIN As shown on the maps contained in this paper the basin of deposition did not conform either in extent or position to the Great Valley of California, but, as has been pointed out in former papers,’ it included not only a portion of the Great Valley, but also the intermontane valleys to the west. This basin was subsequently somewhat roughly described and out- lined by Dr. Arnold in a paper giving broad generalizations of the environment of the Pacific Coast Tertiary faunas.” From evidences that cannot be fully presented here it is believed that the Neocene basin of the California Interior was bounded on the east by the Sierra Nevada, on the south and west by the Tehachipi and Santa Lucia ranges, and on the north by a low plain, in part skirting the Sierra, but in the main occupying the northern portion of the Great Valley. The exact position of the shore-line cannot be stated, but it probably crossed the Great Valley obliquely in a northwesterly direction, receding more and more from the position of the Sierran foot-hills as it is followed northward. It is unlikely that this shore-line held its place continuously throughout the Neocene, but more probably its locus was shifted somewhat 1Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ee 3d ser., Geol., v. 2, pp. 157-158; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 1908, 4th ser., Geol., v. 3, 6-7. 2 Jour. Geol. 1909, Veul/s Dp: $20 et seq. Vor. III] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 105 by the diastrophic movements of the period. As will be shown later, the conditions, if not the area, of marine deposition were greatly altered during Mid-Neocene—that is Monterey—time by wide-spread disturbances. As stated before, the Mt. Diablo Range divides the Temblor basin somewhat centrally. Around the several island cores of this range the Neocene sediments cluster more or less con- tinuously in concentric zones. The thickest and probably the most normal, if not the most varied, development of the Neo- cene is about what is locally known as the Temblor Mountains, and it is this portion of the Mt. Diablo Range that is most central to the basin here described. For these reasons, and also because the oldest beds of the Neocene, those known as the Temblor Beds, more accurately than any others delineate the extent and area of marine conditions, the basin may be appropriately known as the Temblor Basin. About this basin, as already described, the summits of the various coast ranges lift their heads as boundary or interior monuments, well fitted to commemorate the existence of an object so important. For this basin forms in truth one of the most important unit-areas of the California Neocene, and should be treated as such in any extensive and consistent study of the deposits. It is not believed that the various coast mountains existed as continuous ranges during the Neocene, but rather as chains of disconnected islands intermittently bounding the basin on the south and west, and also dividing it somewhat centrally in the position of the Mt. Diablo Range. About these several islands, in the wide inter-island channels, in the narrower waterways, and in the inclosed sea, the range of conditions, when affected by ocean currents, was very great, both as to sedimentation and as to the distribution of faunas; and it is only in view of these facts that correlations can be advantage- ously undertaken, either of deposits within this particular basin, or of deposits occurring respectively in this and neigh- boring basins, or of either with the standard column of the California Neocene. Below is given a tabulated statement showing in a general way the plan suggested for the correlation of the Kern River November 1, 1911 106 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. beds with those of the Mt. Diablo Range, and with others throughout the area of the Temblor basin. Mt. Diablo Range Kern River Area Tulare Group Not Recognized. Kern River Group F Gray water-sands; green and Etchegoin Group brown sands, clays, etc.; sands carrying oil, oil-measures. Santa Margarita Group Unconformity, or beds not recog- zed. Monterey Group a Temblor Group Zone C., clays, ashy beds, and sands se marine fossils; Zone B, gravels, clays, sands Temblor Group with marine feats diatom shales, bituminous shales, etc., Zone A, conglomerate, ashy beds, sands with marine fossils. In his recently published paper, The Geologic Record of California, Dr. J. P. Smith' suggests without comment a tab- ulated correlation of the Neocene deposits occurring in and about the borders of the Temblor Basin. While the plan therein proposed is not in entire harmony with the conclusions of this paper, it fairly represents the trend of opinion, and therefore, by his courtesy, is reprinted here with slight neces- sary alterations, the terms in parentheses being interpolated. Tue TEMBLOR GROUP” From an inspection of the fauna of Zone A described in the preceding pages, there can be but little doubt as to its identity with the lowermost beds occurring at Temblor and at other 1 Jour. Geol., v. 18, No. 3, pp. 216-227. 2Dr. Arnold and others have not hesitated to apply the term “Vaqueros” to the Lower Miocene beds of the Mt. Diablo range which have been previously described under the name Temblor. It should be remembered, however, that the name “Vaqueros” has not yet any well-founded claim upon scientific or technical usage aside from its introduction into the literature of the U. S. Geological Survey. It has not yet had either a faunal or a stratigraphic description that could logically entitle it to recognition, nor has any such description been claimed for it. Its use in the literature of the U. S. Geological Survey is without reference either to logic or to the rules of precedence, and has in fact only an arbitrary basis for its support. It is hoped that its use will be discontinued. Kern (County) Coalinga oO I | Lake beds | & | Pliocene fa iiulere) with som brackish-wate 8 3 Beds wit! § Pecten wat ne} and (Base of | P. coalingae “McKittrick g Formation ’’) 4 13 [ea Jacalitos be with Pecten owe (Santa Margarita) 8 Beds wit! a Tamiosom S| gregaria, Osi 3 titan, an be! Pecten estrell = io) oO B A Bicaaa Doubtfully ref g ituminous iene B shales a Monterey a wn ——— 3 k h bed -Q |Barker’s ranch beds i i Type sectioi es ees | ermine S barkerianum ia f aes, oO Agasoma € ae ike t @ | kernianum and rea || ME f a § | Pecten andersoni ormatior (e) wn Sy 5 ot is] > Kern (County) ——— (Tulare) (Base of “McKittrick Formation "’) (Santa Margarita) NEOCENE SECTIONS OF CALIFORNIA (after J. P. Smith) Salinas Valley Gravels like those of the type section Paso Robles a 5 £ % : 2| Lake beds with || Type Section of &| Pliocene fauna | ¥ ‘aso Robles, | with some -. | supposed to be of brackish-water beds £ freshwater origin S 2 3 Beds with ~ E Pecten wattsi g & an 54 Doubtfully referred i P. coalingaensis : to this horizon. fe 5 | It may be the = | equivalent of the 3 é Santa Margarita os BZ 5 Jacalitos beds with Pecten oweni | Typical sandstones & | with Ostrea titan e carey! an a Pecten estrellanus Beds with $ Tamiosoma d gregaria, Ostrea titan, and Coalinga formation Type section of Santa Margarita with Ostrea titan Tamiosoma Santa Cruz Mt. Diablo Region 3 Marine beds A S | of Lake Mer- 5 |ced and fresh-| $ S | water beds of 3 Santa Clara § Freshwater Pliocene Marine beds of 2 ___and Half Moon Bay || ‘Rerkeley Hills | with . | Pecten healeyi 2 t= Ay Type section on 2 San Pablo Bay 3 with | Pecten pabloensis i and Astrodapsis tumidus Kirker’s Pass beds with $ | Santa Margarita 3 Sandstones with fauna 5 Ostrea titan | astroapsls. 2 3 antiselli ager with d and Pecten crassicardo Vor. II] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 107 places in the Mt. Diablo Range and in the Temblor basin in general. It was at first thought that this horizon might prove to be older than the typical Temblor, on account of the number of large pecten species it contained, but there is now quite abund- ant proof that a horizon older than the Temblor has not been recognized either here or in any part of Temblor basin, nor do the stratigraphic facts from any part of the basin furnish proof that older Neocene beds exist within it. It may be supposed that the occupation of the Temblor basin by the sea was transgressional and progressive, and that there are older beds belonging to the Neocene in the outer coast ranges ; but if this is true, it has yet to be shown. The relationship of Zone B both faunally and stratigraphic- ally is clearly with the Miocene, and its correct reference to this period will hardly be questioned, notwithstanding the recent or modern aspect of some of the species, as already mentioned. Not only is it to be regarded as Miocene, but the preponder- ance of evidence is undoubtedly in favor of its connection with the Lower Miocene. Any question which may arise as to its exact stratigraphic position is more likely to involve only a choice between the Temblor and the Monterey. But thus far in the study of the West Coast Miocene, the Mon- terey has not been regarded as the habitat of such species as Agasoma gravidum, Turritella ocoyana, Cytherea mathewsoni, Dosinia whitneyi, Yoldia impressa, and a score of other species given in the lists. Indeed, Dr. Merriam has cited all of the above-named species except the last as being characteristic of the beds below the Monterey shales. And none of the species of Zone B are characteristic of any Miocene horizon younger than the Monterey. And furthermore it must be added that while Zone B is rich in species some of which have often been found in the Monterey shales, the species most widely charac- teristic of the latter, namely, Pecten peckhami, has not been found at all in any part of the Kern River area. In the same manner it may be shown that Zone C, both stratigraphically and faunally is related to the Temblor, rather than to any later division of the Neocene. All of its species are found in both Zones A and B, and while some of them 108 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. are found in the Santa Margarita, none of them are charac- teristic of it. Since the entire stratigraphic group including Zones A, B, and C is quite conformable in position, and all its members are more closely related to the Temblor in faunal features than to any other horizon of the Neocene, it follows that if any part of the included strata is to be referred to a horizon other than the Temblor, it must be done upon the basis of criteria other than stratigraphical or paleontological. In the matter of thickness also there is little to warrant any subdivision of these beds. The Temblor beds described in former papers devoted to the Mt. Diablo Range have in their type-locality an aggregate thickness of 1500 feet. Northward along the range the thick- ness diminishes until at Coalinga and on Cantua Creek it is hardly more than 300 feet. In the San Emidio section it is not easy.to say how much of the Miocene is to be classed as Temblor, but, judging from Whitney’s description, it is not less than 1500 feet and may be more. The writer’s estimate has been greater than this. In the Kern River area the Lower Miocene beds, including Zones A and B, would have only an average thickness; and including all of the fossil-bearing beds the series aggregates only 1760 feet, a thickness quite comparable to that of the type-locality of the Temblor. Other localities are known in which the beds referable to the Temblor attain a much greater thickness than any here given. Elsewhere a statement has been given of the criteria upon which a provisional division of these beds might be attempted. In the outer Coast Ranges of California are beds that have been described and classed under the undefined name of “Vaqueros.” Without recognizing the sufficiency of this rambling and nondescript name, it may be said that most, if not all, of the strata that have hitherto been classed under this term are comparable stratigraphically and faunally to the Temblor. Dr. Arnold has described beds in the Santa Cruz mountains, and Dr. Fairbanks in the Coast mountains about San Luis Obispo that are referable to the Temblor. Dr. Merriam has pointed out that Turritella hoffmani is found Vor. 111] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 109 only in the Lower Miocene of the outer coast ranges, and has suggested that beds in which it occurs may be older than those of the interior valley in which T. hoffmani is replaced by T. ocoyana, abundant about the Kern River. Thus far it remains to be shown that any such discrimination is warranted or possible. In other respects the Lower Mio- cene of the outer coast ranges does not differ faunally from the Temblor. Undoubtedly the Temblor group has its con- temporaries among some of the Neocene river-deposits of the Sierra Nevada, but a correlation will not be attempted here with these deposits. MONTEREY SHALES It is quite impossible to recognize in the outcrop in any part of the Kern River area that member of the Miocene which forms its most characteristic feature in many parts of the Coast, that is, the Monterey Shales. In the series as described in the preceding pages, partly from the outcrop and partly from the records of deep wells, there is one portion that bears some resemblance to the Monterey, namely, that portion which is most strongly characterized by shales, some of which are organic to a considerable extent. It will be noticed that nearly every class of materials commonly found in the Monterey has been found in the upper part of the Temblor group. Some of these points have been well brought out in Mr. Carmen’s description of the formations encountered in the Grace Well No. 5, quoted above. This portion of the series embraces at least 700 to 900 feet of strata, and includes and extends from Zone C downward to or below the position of Zone B, though it cannot include more than 1160 feet. But if this collection of strata really represents the Mon- terey, it is hardly comparable in thickness or character to known exposures of Monterey not far away. On the western border of the valley, at Temblor, McKittrick, Midway, and Sunset, exposures of Monterey shales, almost exclusively organic, aggregate in thickness 4000 to 5000 feet. Moreover, they overlie a considerable thickness of clearly recognized 110 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Temblor sandstones and shales which are quite comparable to those of the Kern River. It may be added also that in the outer coast ranges the thickness of the Monterey is often as great as 3000 or 4000 feet, though this thickness may not be constant. On the other hand, as shown in previous papers, and as admitted by others, at Coalinga and vicinity the Monterey is but very little developed, and in the Mt. Diablo Range north of Jacalitos Creek it is not clearly recognizable at all, and if actually present it is in very greatly reduced volume. Nor has it been recognized at any place on the eastern border of the Temblor basin. It may be said, then, with reference to the Temblor, and also to the Monterey, that the conditions during the early and middle Miocene were similar in the Kern River area and in the Mt. Diablo Range in the vicinity of Coalinga. In both places on the borders of the Temblor basin the Temblor deposits are fairly well developed, while the Monterey is either absent, or is present in a reduced or disguised form. There are other facts that emphasize the absence of the Monterey on the eastern and northern borders of the basin, as will be shown later. The explanation of this interesting fact is to be found no doubt in the diastrophic record of the times. The subsidence that inaugurated the occupation of this basin by Temblor sedi- ments continued without interruption until middle Miocene time. It then paused, and on the eastern and northern borders of the basin the shore lines remained stationary throughout the epoch of the Monterey. In these parts, therefore, sedi- mentation was nil, while along the western borders, in the position of the outer coast ranges, and about the southern portion of the Mt. Diablo Range, subsidence went on without cessation, and sedimentation was therefore continuous. It is unnecessary to suppose that there was any elevation and denudation of the older Miocene during the Monterey epoch, either in the Kern River area or elsewhere, and no such disturbance seems probable. The facts appear to indicate merely an epoch of stability along the eastern and northern shore-lines of the basin, along which, therefore, the conditions Vout. III] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER lll were unfavorable for the continued accumulation of any class of sediments. But another aspect of sedimentation may well be considered in this connection, and that is the climatic conditions of the time. The Monterey epoch appears to have been one of dry, if not arid, climate. This is shown not only by the class of detrital sediments which are characteristic of this group, but also by the organic deposits, and by the class of organisms that were dominant in this basin at the time, namely Diatom- aceae, etc. In the various descriptions of the Monterey deposits that have been given from time to time, it will be recalled that among the materials considered as essential in its composition are diatomaceous and other organic shales, foraminiferal limestones, volcanic ash, gypsiferous clays, and disseminated bituminous matter more or less pervading the whole group. All of these materials are not only compatible with, but are characteristic of, arid conditions of climate. Furthermore, there is a generally acknowledged absence in most places of detrital or terrigenous materials. The enormous deposits built up of remains of diatoms and of foraminifera not only indi- cate, but they require, undisturbed and clear water, conditions that are found only under calm and clear skies. But under arid climatic conditions there would be slight denudation of land areas, and therefore but little sedimentation of terri- genous materials along a low and stationary shore line, such as bounded the Temblor basin on the east. THE Kern RIveR Group The correlation of the Kern River group with any occurring in the Mt. Diablo Range cannot now be made on paleontolog- ical ground, for the reason that as far as known it is without any determinative fossils. The beds of the Kern River group, however, can be followed south to the Tejon valley, and prob- ably can be connected toward the west with similar beds extending around the south end of the Great Valley and to the Sunset and Midway oil districts. In this way the Kern River group can, perhaps, be connected with the lower part of 112 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. the Etchegoin group occurring west of Midway; but this cor- relation is not given as final, but only as tentative. In lithological character the beds of the Kern River group resemble the Santa Margarita, especially in the parts con- taining the heavy-boulder conglomerates, and also in the gravels, and perhaps in the greenish-colored sands; but these criteria are not conclusive. Another and stronger feature of resemblance is in the oil- measures. It is a generally recognized fact that the oil- measures of the Sunset and Midway districts are in beds of Etchegoin age, and are principally near the bottom. The well- known occurrence of oil-measures in the Kern River group gives a means of correlation that would have great weight with many, and it may well be considered to have a strong strati- graphic if not a paleontological basis, and therefore to warrant serious consideration. The overlapping of the Kern River group upon the older groups is similar to that of the Etchegoin as exposed elsewhere. The Kern River group, however, is in the aggregate thicker than the Etchegoin, west of Midway, but on the other hand it is thinner than the Etchegoin group north of Coalinga. It is possible that the Kern River group is contemporaneous with, and equivalent to, the upper part of the Santa Margarita and a part of the Etchegoin, and represents a transgressional or progressive subsidence of the basin-floor. This view would harmonize many points not readily determined by direct proof derived from any part of the basin. It is less satisfactory to attempt a correlation of the Kern River group with any portion of the “McKittrick Formation”’ for the reason that the latter is not yet sufficiently well under- stood. In the published description of the McKittrick forma- tion it is made to include both marine and fresh-water beds that are readily distinguishable, and the definition is further complicated by the use of terms that are subject to dispute.’ The correlation of the Kern River group with any portion of the McKittrick formation must therefore await a fuller and more consistent definition. But as both the Santa Margarita and the Etchegoin beds are known to be petroliferous about McKittrick and Midway, it is likely that the equivalents of the Kern River group will be found to include portions of both. Vor. 111] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 113 THE QUATERNARY GRAVELS The next collection of strata following that of the Kern River group is found in the alluvial gravels and terrace- deposits of the Kern River area. These deposits have all been formed during an epoch of subsidence, if not submergence, such as is known to have taken place generally over the whole Coast region during the late Quaternary. The horizontal position of these deposits across the truncated edges of the Kern River group, and the trenching of the latter prior to the epoch of alluviation, as shown along Caliente Creek, mark an intervening epoch of land conditions and of denudation. Quite similar facts are to be seen along the base of the Mt. Diablo Range in which the Tulare deposits are involved, which have been shown to be of Pliocene age. An attempt was made in a former paper’ to correlate the post-Pliocene deposits about the southern end of the Great Valley, and to suggest their relation to the terracing as well as to the previous interval of land elevation and denudation. The interpretation here given to the Quaternary terracing and older alluvial gravel-deposits in the Kern River area, is that they represent an epoch of subsidence in late Quaternary time, following the epoch of elevation which attended glacial conditions. In other words, these features of the Quaternary period are classed with those of the Champlain epoch in gen- eral. ° EcoNoMIc GEOLOGY It is not the purpose of this paper to deal specially or exten- sively with the economic features of the district, yet in passing a few notes may be included for the benefit of those who may desire them. The chief economic product is, of course, petroleum, though others are at least possible in the not distant future. As far as known the petroleum deposits of commercial value are con- fined to the Kern River group, and therein have a stratigraphic range of 300 to 600 feet, though unproductive beds of oil-sand are found both above and below. At any one point the produc- tive sands rarely exceed 400 feet in thickness, and they are 1 Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., v. 3, pp. 1-40. 114 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. often confined to 250 feet or less. Mechanical difficulties often make it impracticable to draw upon all of the sands capable of yielding oil, and the perforations of the casings are sometimes extended to only half the thickness of oil strata actually encountered in drilling. Below the base of the Kern River group and, therefore, within the Temblor, oil-sands have been reported in the records of the deep wells, but none of them are known to be capable of yielding commercial quantities of oil. The oil is generally reported to be of lighter character than that from the oil- measures of the Kern River group. Thin streaks of oil-sand and stains of oil, and shales more or less colored by bituminous matter, if not with oil, outcrop in certain localities within the Temblor. Some of these are to be seen along Kern River east of the oil-field, and in the hills north of Poso Creek as, for example, near the old fuller’s-earth mine. Oil-sands are reported in some old wells a quarter of a mile north of this mine, at a depth of 1300 to 1400 feet, and gas is still issuing from one of these wells in small quantity. Gas, which is generally regarded as an indication of oil, has been encountered in nearly all of the wells, old and new, that have been drilled into the Temblor beds. Considerable quantities of gas were found in both the Grace Well No. 5, and in the deep well of the Petroleum Development Company. Stratigraphically, the oil is not found in a single bed extend- ing across the field, but in sandy beds more or less separated by clays and distributed through the oil-measures. The sandy beds and clays interleave, often forming an alternating series throughout the measures. As a rule, in the developed portion of the field the sands are thicker in the eastern part of the field and become thinner toward the west, and the clays are thicker on the western border and become thin and scattered toward the east. In like manner the sands are thicker toward the south, and clays increase in volume northward. There is considerable lack of uniformity in the well-records ; but this is probably due more to faulty records than to irreg- ularities in the beds themselves. Both sands and clay-beds are believed by some to be lenticular in section, and this is some- times given as the cause of troubles met with in controlling the underground water. But if a lenticular condition has really Vor. III] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 115 been observed in any case, it is likely to have been found along certain directions, and belongs primarily to the sands rather than to the clays, since it would owe its origin to the sorting action of currents during deposition. However, the idea of this condition comes solely from a study of the well-records, and the faulty data furnished by some of these should not be forgotten. If a well-record fails to record a particular bed of clay, it does not prove its absence, but possibly only a failure to detect it. The structure of the beds is almost that of a simple mono- cline, but when studied in detail the beds undulate somewhat, forming slight anticlines and synclines striking N. W. to S. E. The ultimate areal extent of the field has not been proved by actual developments, though the limits may be definitely known toward the northeast, if not also toward the southwest. Thus far water has proved to be more troublesome on the southwestern border of the field; and this is partly on account of the thinner clay beds in this direction, and the greater difficulty met with in shutting it out from the wells, or in confining it to certain limits by means of these clays. The gravity of the oil varies from 10.4° B. to 17.0°, though a large percentage of the production is between 14.5° and 16° B. Still lighter oil comes from strata below the oil measures of the Kern River group. Water-sands, which are the source of much trouble, are found both above and below the productive beds—some within the oil-measures, though in some cases water has been let into the oil-measures by accident or by faulty drilling. It is usually possible to shut out the upper water, and when the horizon of the lower water-sands is once learned, drilling may be stopped above it. There are usually sufficient clays suitably situated for the control of the underground water if the condi- tions are correctly known beforehand. The question as to the origin of petroleum is one much debated; but in California there is overwhelming evidence in favor of an organic origin, and the facts point to certain low organisms of both marine and fresh-water habitat. In the Tertiary formations of California, Diatomaceae are extremely abundant, and beds that are largely composed of their remains 116 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. abound in all parts of the Neocene series, excepting possibly the latest. In the Mt. Diablo Range diatomaceous and other organic shales often make up a large percentage aggregate of the Monterey and later groups, and they occur also in the Etchegoin group, included by Ralph Arnold in the so-called “McKittrick series.” The opinion has been unequivocally expressed* that in the Coalinga field the real source of the petroleum is in the Eocene shales underlying the Neocene, and that migration of the petroleum upward through the strata has brought it into its present repositories in the Neocene oil measures. That petro- leum, in some parts of the Mt. Diablo Range and elsewhere, has originated in the Eocene cannot be denied, and it is also now found there in many places. But to conclude that all or any of the Neocene oil-measures have derived their supplies from the Eocene is illogical and unnecessary. The Neocene beds themselves contain the same organisms in even greater abundance than does the Eocene, and this is particularly true in the Mt. Diablo range. And there is no reason to suppose that the oil found in the Neocene measures has not originated in the Neocene strata themselves. The view here expressed is that the oil found in any Neocene group has more probably originated in that group, and that migration would be far easier along the planes of bedding and lamination than at right angles to the same. That thick beds of clay and shale often restrain oil, water, and gas, is quite well demonstrated in California, and even within the Temblor basin the upward transverse migration of these substances under enormous pressure has been successfully resisted by certain impervious beds, possibly clays. Naturally in the sedimentation of any basin the sandy detri- tus usually remains near shore, and the finer materials are carried away to other localities to be deposited. Also if Diatomaceae and other delicate organisms form any apprecia- ble deposits they will more probably be formed off shore. In subsequent regional deformations of the strata, the organic deposits are apt to be left occupying the position of synclinal depressions, bounded by the sandy shore line deposits left lying 1U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 357, p. 73. Vor. 111] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER LZ in positions inclined toward the interior of the basin. If such organic deposits give rise to any supply of petroleum or other liquid or gaseous substances, these may be forced to migrate laterally along the bedding-planes of the strata, and into the sandy strata of the border, far more readily than they could be forced upward through the clays and shales and into overlying beds. And, if deposits of petroleum are subsequently found in sandy shore-deposits, we may expect to find not far away in the same beds the source and origin of it. Along the Kern River the conditions are all that could be required to support the view that lateral migration has been the means by which accumula- tion has taken place, and the same may be said of all the other producing or non-producing fields in the Temblor basin. The extent to which water, oil, and gas may migrate laterally along bedding-planes in the progress of geologic periods is, of course, very great; but the fact that it is retained at all in the rocks, even under enormous pressure, is very good proof that it cannot migrate in a vertical direction, transverse to the bed- ding-planes. Thus far but little effort has been made to discover or develop water for irrigation or for other uses in the Neocene beds about the Kern River, except for field use within the Kern River district. It is worth while to note the fact, how- ever, that water of economic value has been found in certain strata of both the Temblor and Kern River groups. In neither case has the water been found free from objectionable sub- stances, though in each it is usable for all ordinary purposes in which relatively pure water is needed. One of the most important attempts to develop water for economic use has been made by the Associated Oil Company in the western part of the district. On Sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 28 E., several wells have been devoted to, or drilled for, the production of water, and these wells are supplying large volumes of water at a cost that brings it within economic limits for irrigating some kinds of crops. None of these wells are more than 400 feet in depth, and most of the water is within 375 feet of the surface, and above the oil-measures. 118 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. DIAstTrRoPHIC REcoRD The Neocene diastrophic record in California has been more or less studied by all of the writers who have attempted the problems of correlation. Naturally there is not entire harmony in the conclusions of all, but all agree as to the main facts. Dr. Fairbanks summarized much of the information current at the time of his writing in a paper entitled Oscillations of the California Coast,’ though considerable additional inform- ation has since been developed. The conclusions as to the diastrophic record reached in the present study of the Temblor basin may be more concisely presented graphically in the accompanying diagram. While some of the oscillations portrayed may be more or less local, they nevertheless show a tendency toward physical change that may be wide-spread, though not universal or uniform, within a given region. Furthermore, it may be stated that the oscillations here delineated do not include all that have recently been proposed by certain writers ambitious to cause a stir. It is believed that the conclusions of this paper, however, are in harmony with those of Dr. Smith set forth in the paper before referred to and quoted. But it is not designed to carry the subject farther at the present time. CONCLUSIONS The more important conclusions which may be drawn from the statements of the preceding pages are briefly summarized in the following paragraphs. The Neocene deposits of the Kern River area show a sur- prising lack of development when contrasted with contempor- aneous deposits in the Mt. Diablo Range. The comparatively small aggregate thickness of the series is partly explained by the fact that they do not contain all of the members of the generally accepted column of the Cali- fornia Neocene, or even all that have been recognized in the Mt. Diablo Range, which admittedly holds all that are most characteristic. 1 Am. Geol., v. 20, 1897, pp. 213-245. ’ yi VEATILA arty en (ee ‘ a lett neh | HAH Mee speerem onde ay Same hore , : a a a | : naa } < ; — ae 2 a i | ——— ouswan tosi AVHAATIAM aTHad) YORETHOM ry uneoermyocerns BECK Wha 01M PEAT OPM UMA MISAN ACLS AST SAT Vi WHASOsY SAT OWIAVG | HOON SH | oe ~ | 7 DENUDATION nS Z . LAND BY WATER AND ICE CONDITIONS “\ALLUVIATION AND TERRACES [AND OCAL Tor RMITY = pac LDU DIN CONTOR TY, Ua rOS Nt! TERRACE DEPOSITS. RAISED—/BEACHES Seuss iene A JN 7A | OLIGO|CENE JEROSION! TEMBLOR MONTEREY | SANTA MARGARITA ETCHEGOIN MERCED -TULARE EARLY PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION CHAMPLAIN? EOCENE MIOCENE PLIOCENE PLEISTOCENE RECENT DIASTROPHIC RECORD DURING THE NEOCENE IN THE TEMBLOR BASIN AND MT. DIABLO RANGE, CALIFORNIA. Vor. II] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 119 The Monterey group is either absent from the column, or if present, cannot be separated from the Temblor. An epoch of disturbance following the deposition of the Temblor group is indicated by the faulting of the beds, which has left some of them at a considerable altitude and quite severed from the main area of the foot-hills. The unconformity of the Kern River group upon the Tem- blor is emphatically shown by an overlapping of the later group, although there is no clear evidence of an intervening epoch of erosion. The absence from the Kern River area of any recognizable Monterey deposits, and presumably their absence from the whole eastern border of the Temblor basin, perhaps means a recessional movement of the sea, and therefore at least a slight upward movement of the land along its eastern and northern shores, and along portions of the Mt. Diablo Range. The greatest depression of the land-surface during the Neocene seems to have been during the Temblor epoch, and immediately following this was the Monterey epoch of relative elevation. The sequence of events during the early and middle Miocene, as shown in this area, conforms generally to that shown in the contemporaneous deposits about Coalinga and northward. The local contrasts in the thickness of the Temblor deposits in and about the Temblor basin, and especially in their volcanic and detrital matter, suggest that land-denudation on the con- tinental side was relatively slight, while volcanic activity was prevalent during this epoch. The general absence of Monterey deposits, and the other evidences of elevation, taken in connection with the prevailingly organic character of these beds where they do occur, may be interpreted as indicating equable or arid climatic conditions; and the small aggregate thickness of Miocene strata on the landward side of the basin harmonizes with this view and may mean that such conditions prevailed in some measure through- out the Miocene. The Kern River group is correlated only tentatively with the oil-yielding formations of western Kern County, and such correlation is based chiefly on the data of the oil-measures themselves. 120 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41m Ser. The absence of the Tulare group from the Kern River area is probably due partly to its removal by erosion and partly to its being mantled over by terrace-deposits and other Qua- ternary gravels. An epoch of land-conditions and therefore of elevation pre- ceded the formation of at least some of the alluvial deposits, and it may have been during this epoch that the Tulare beds suffered most from denudation. The fresh-water or brackish-water facies of the Temblor beds is local; and, taken in connection with the local embay- ment in the shore line of this epoch, affords evidence of estuarine conditions along the lower portion of the Caliente canyon, and indicates the entrance at this place of a consider- able stream, derived doubtless from the contiguous portions of the Great Basin. Locs oF DEEP WELLS Log of Well No. 52, Kern Trading and Oil Company, Sec. 3, T. 29 S., R. 28 E., Kern River District. From To Thickness Formation Surface 30 feet 30 feet Sand and clay 30 fee 58 “ Z8un Boulders 58° 260 “ 202 “ Sand and clay 260) 290 “ 300s Light oil-sand 290) 3% 300) -* 10 + Clay 300 “ 33005 30 Rich oil-sand KB ty Sh 2a Clay Soon 440 “ Sous Good oil-sand 440 “ (Mie 15a Clay 455 “ 465 “ 10/a2 Good oil-sand 465 “ 485 “ 20s Hard sand 485 “ 500i5 = 157 Good oil-sand 500) mit 10° ¢ Clay 510) 7¢ 550N s 40 “ Good oil-sand Pathe 560 “ 10.0 Clay 5605s 610s SOs Good oil-sand 610 “ (ou lve ry Sake Clay 615 “ 630“ 158 Oil-sand 630.5 640 “ 19\ Clay 640 “ 6655 = 25 aie Rich oil-sand and boulders 665.8. 670 “ Cpa Clay 670 “ FAS 45. 5 Oil-sand and gas 715; 125) 100 Clay aye 740 “ 15g Good oil-sand 740 “ ted) 105% Clay 7501.“ they jay Clay 7 fs Ve ey Ss 250 Oil-sand 7 eae 789 “ 14° °S Hard sand 789“ 805 “ 16m Hard sand (4 feet below casing) Vor. III] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 121 Log of Well No. 5, Grace Oil Company, Sec. 8, T. 29 S., R. 28 E., Kern River District. The upper part of this log is similar to others in this field and is not specially interesting. From To Thickness Formation 429 feet 761 feet 232 feet Oil-sands, ete. LOLs 1061, 300“ Oil-sands 1061 1080 “ Ie A be oa aaa 1080 “ 1100 “ 20) Sandy shale 1100P <5 12853 :\“ 185s Sands, with water 1285 “ 1305) ZONi ss Oil-sands 1305s 332i Diao Clay and shale SS etc: 13525 3 Pan Sandstone NSS2er 1388“ 30s Tough clay 1388 “ 1390 “ 2 is Black shell 1390 “ 1420 “ 30) Coarse sand 1420 “ 1442 “ 2D Blue clay 1442 “ 1507 < 651 a Coarse sand (oil?) IO 153555 280 Clay and sand SSS 155 50 Fo) Coarse sand (oil?) 155 5yes PSOlumt Olan Blue clay 1561 “ 1634 “ 7350 Sand (oil?) 1634 “ 1666 “ oo Sand and clay 1666 “ 1708 “ 42) os Sticky shale 1708 “ WAS) ous Sand (asphaltum) W7L5) 1786 “ Filnayse Shale, with some sand 1786 “ 1798 “ 12 tess Shale and sand 1798 “ 1823 “ 253 i Clay shale and sand, with gas 1823 “ 1835 120 Sand 1835: 1846“ Lane Hard clay shale 1846 “ NEAL St (Ay Sandstone 187i) 1875006 Aen’ Tough clay 1875; 192M 46S Sand, with oil CPA 1937 “ Ke) Tough clay 1937.5 197. 34S Sand 1971, 1998 “ Pp Sticky clay 1998“ 2004 “ Ome Coarse sand 2004 “ 2040 “ 30in ie Sandy shale 2040 “ 2047 “ Ta oS Sand, with oil 2047 “ 2083 300s Clay shale 2083 “ QB 700s Arete Sand, with oil and water 2087 “ Zs 31S Clay shale, with shell PANN see ZIZON ety Water-sand 2129) 0" 2150) ZN ice Soft shale ZISO) = PAV EY pay ie Hard shale 7NMGfsy 82 2194 “ 198 Sand (firm) 2194 “ 2195 “ Ly Sandstone 2195. 2206“ ties Dark clay shale 2206 “ 2209 “ pay Sand, with fossils 2209 “ D2 aise 8s Dark clay shale Z2N7 bi 2OA2 Pa a Clay and sand alternating Z2AD +s 2260) Sts Coarse gravel 2260 “ 2591 “ Saline Shale, with hard shells 250 lems: 2701) WGKO} Sand shale, with gas and oil 210“ PAS Ties Sand PH AWE 27 SSNs 465 Shale November 1, 1911. 122 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H SER. Log of Well No. 5, Grace Oil Co.—Cont'd. From To Thickness Formation 2758 fee 2763 fee 5 fee Hard shell 2763) 2775.5 1 Zest Sand 2715 oe 2814 “ 39 y= Shale, with white specks 2814 “ PAR YJ ee 28 te Sand, with gas 2837“ 3148“ SLs Shale, with gas 3148 “ 3166“ 1G ie Fine white sand 3166“ Bee eer Strong salt water Log of Well No. 43, Kern Trading and Oil Company, Sec. 3, T. 29 S., R. 28 E., Kern River District. From To Thickness Formation Surface 230 feet 230 feet Sand and clay ‘ 5) ‘ 230 feet 425 ‘ 195 ‘ Light oil-sand—Water at 400 feet 425 aie 452 “ iH fas Clay 452 “ 475 “ 23. Oil-sand and gas 4/50 485 “ 105e= Clay 485 “ 30 ii, AS ee Rich oil-sand 530n 5A 12-25 Clay S42 per 580 “ ape Rich oil-sand 580 “ 600“ 20 re Dry sand—Some gas 600 * 648 * 48 “ Oil-sand 648 “ 650 “ Pets Clay 650 “ 690 “ 40 “ Oil-sand 690“ 710 Zor Clay 710; 150' 40) “ Oil-sand 750 Gn. 7st Sis Clay ih A 760“ V hia Oil-sand 700) = 765 Les: Clay 703-45 810 “ 45) Light oil-sand 810 “ 820 “ 19 Rich oil-sand 820 “ 823 “ See Dry sand 823""tn 830 “ rhe Rich oil-sand 830 “ Boone Siete Clay 833s 835 Zn Dry sand—Bottom Log of Well No. 31 (“Rasmussen”), Petroleum Develop- ment Company, Sec. 4, T. 29 S., R. 28 E., Kern River District. From To Thickness Formation Surface 34 feet 34 feet Surface formation 34 feet Some Ss Sand gravel and blue clay AS 202i Vi hee Sand shale and blue clay 262) <5 330) 68 “ Oil-sand 330 ines 405°“ 7 Blue clay and hard sand 405 “ ADSI 20) = Oil-sand 425,“ 450 “ Does Clay and sand 450 “ S00); = Sos Oil-sand 500 “ 650“ 150"5 = Oil-sand and blue clay 650he 695 “ ASI Oil-sand 695) -“ VAS us Zane Blue clay and oil-sand Water shut off at 255 feet. Gas blew out top of rig at 437 feet. Vou. 111] ANDERSON—NEOCENE DEPOSITS OF KERN RIVER 123 Log of Well No. 51, Kern Trading and Oil Company, Sec. 3, T. 29 S., R. 28 E., Kern River District. From To Thickness Formation Surface 30 feet 30 feet Sand and clay 30): 58 287 Boulders Bre: ve 2600 is 2025 Sand and clay 260 “ 290s 3005 Light oil-sand 290 “ 300 “ 1006 Clay 300“ Sei 30 is Rich oil-sand 330% agape Sins Clay S35) 440 “ 105° Good oil-sand 440 “ 45S oy ie Clay 455,“ 465“ 100s Good oil-sand 465 “ 485 “ 220i Hard sand 485“ 500) * 155k Good oil-sand 500) 510) 1053 Clay S10; = S50) pe 40 “ Good oil-sand 550) 560: “ 104 3 Clay 560) 610° = SOs Good oil-sand 610 “ ols) 5“ Sis Clay 615 630 15 Oil-sand 630; “ 640“ LOE Clay 640 “ 665 * ZA et Rich oil-sand and boulders 665“ 6/0)“ sy Clay 670 “ ASS Ee Oil-sand and gas ZAG) Waa KO) Clay 725) 740“ Sree Good oil-sand 740 “ 50s 101 Clay 450. = Tie 2 Pap Ojil-sand Tipsy 789“ 14:58 Hard sand Log of Well No. 2, Petroleum Development Company, Sec. 24, T. 28 S., R. 27 E., Kern River District. From To Thickness Formation Surface 460 feet 460 feet Sand and clay 460 feet 570n ON Blue water-sand 570) © 590 “ 20) * Blue clay 500: “ 610 “ 2005 Blue clay 610i 6lss = Shs Oil-sand 615 = 640 “ 2ow = Blue clay and water-sand 640 “ 1040 * 400“ Water-sand and blue clay 1040 “ 1051) es Blue clay 1051 “ 1087“ SOs Water-sand 1087, < L135 48 “ Water-sand and clay 1135) = 1190 “ BE) Heaving water-sand 190) 1435 DAD aoe Sand and clay 435i 1445 “ LON a Coarse water-sand 1445 “ 1465 “ 20 ies Blue clay and sand 1465 “ 1490 “ 25 Water-sand 1490 “ 1500 10.3% Hard standstone 1500 “ 172503 225s Water-sand and blue clay 1725) 1731 (ne Sand, showing oil Ws 1790“ SOE Water-sand and blue clay 1790 “ 17292), Lhe Coarse sand, showing oil and gas 17920 1845 “ Stas Sand and clay, showing oil 124 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4H Ser. Log of Well No. 2, Petroleum Development Co.—Cont’d. From To Thickness Formation 1845 feet 1890 feet 45 feet Sticky blue clay 1890 “ 1900 “ LOLS: Blue clay, showing oil 1900 “ 1930 “ 30) 55 Water-sand, showing oil 1930 “ 2000“ 70)“ Sand and clay, showing oil 2000 “ Z105. = 105 “ Sand and clay ZLOS es 2130 “ 25 mes Hard white sand 2130" 2240 “ 110s Hard brown shale 2240 “ 2245 “ Die Fine white sand, showing some oil 2245 2270 “ 25 aa Fine white sand This well was abandoned. Log of Well No. 28 (“Rasmussen”), Petroleum Develop- ment Company, Sec. 4, T. 29 S., R. 28 E., Kern River District. From To Thickness Formation Surface 30 feet 30 feet Sand and boulders 30 feet 285 “ 255.0 5 Clay and sand /asey 3O0F AD Blue clay and oil-sand 330) = B35)a- Sine Oil-sand 3350 430 “ OSes Oil-sand and clay 430 “ 470 “ 403 Oil-sand 470 “ 490 “ 20 Oil-sand and blue clay 490 “ SAD. 50's Blue clay 407s 800 “ 260 “ Blue clay and oil-sand 800“ 820 “ 20 Oil-sand 820 “ S055 Sous Oil-sand and blue clay 905“ 1350 “ 445 “ Sandy clay 1350) 1360 “ 10 “ Blue clay 1360 “ 1397 “ 37 a Sandy blue clay 1397 oS 1450 “ Boies Blue clay 1450 “ 1455 eee Blue clay and sand 1455, 1461 “ Coe White sand 1461 “ 1472 “ 3 White sand and clay 1472 “ 1625) 5S) Sandy clay 1625 “ 1652 “ 21s is Brown sandy clay 1652 “ 2405 “ sh es Brown shale 2405 “ 2480 “ ihe Sandy shale 2480 “ 2566 “ 86 “ Brown shale 2566 “ 2580 “ 1485 Brown shale and sand 2580 “ 2585" 5s Sand, with fossil shells and salt water 2585euee 2612 “ Dhaie Sand and brown shale 2612 “ 2690 “ 13) Hard brown shale 2690 “ 2694 “ 4S Hard sandy shale 2694 “ 2805 “ ih bs Hard sand 2805 “ 3000 “ 195: Gray shale 3000 “ 3050“ 5Ote Sand 3050 “ 3240 “ 1901S Gray shale 3240 “ 32500 = eee Gray shale and brown sand S255) 33700 = NGS gk Blue shale 33/0 Cab ye OP oe Gray shale 4295 “ 4580 “ 285Nin Brown shale 4580 “ 4650 “ 70. = Sandy shale 4650 “ 4660 “ 10 Sand and some oil 4660 “ 5010 “ 350) Gray shale, ete. 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State Min. Bureau, No. 4, pp. 5-65. Exprince, Geo. H. 1902. Petroleum Fields of California: U. S. Geol. Sury. Bull. No. 213, pp. 310-312. Farrpanks, H. W. 1897. Oscillations of the Coast of California during the Pliocene and Pleistocene: Am. Geol., Vol. XX, pp. 213-245. CCOnTEAR, W. A. 1888. Petroleum, Asphaltum and Natural Gas of Cali- ornia: 7th Ann. Rept. State Min., pp. 67-68. Jorpan, Davin Starr. 1907. Fossil Fishes of California, etc. : Bull. Geol. Dept. Univ. Calif., Vol. V, pp. 95-144. Lawson, ANDREW C. 1893. Post-Pliocene Diastrophism of the Coast of Southern California: Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Calif., Vol. I, pp. 115-160. Merriam, J. C. 1904. A Note on the Fauna of the Lower Miocene of California: Bull. Geol. Dept. Univ. Calif., Vol. III, pp. 377-381. 126 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. MENDENHALL, W. C. 1908. Ground Waters of the San Joaquin Valley, California : U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Ppr. No. 222, pp. 1-52. O'NEILL, EpMonp. 1901. The Development of the Petroleum Industry: University Chronicle, Vol. [V, No. 3, pp. 176-202. O’Nem1, EpmMonp. 1903. Petroleum in California: Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. XXV, No. 7, pp. 699-711. Situ, J. Perrin. 1910. Geological Record of California: Jour. Geol., Vol. XVIII, pp. 216-227. SmirH, J. Perrtn. 1910. Ancient Climates of the West Coast: Pop. Sci. Mon., May, 1910. Turner, H. W. 1893. Rocks of the Sierra Nevada: 14th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., Pt. II, pp. 437-495. Watts, W. L. 1894. Gas and Petroleum Yielding Formations of the Central Valley of California: Bull. Calif. State Min. Bur., No. 3, pp. 38-41. Wurrney, J. D. 1865. Geology of the Sierra Nevada: Geol. Surv. Calif., Geol., Vol. I, pp. 199-202. CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, February 25, 1911. Sey Vis yw at F Teeter / ay ny 9) aI oh? i 5 ae ; i oe] See F ' t oe | a! Ae wk at ave ary fe ae Nh ¥ ie ah y sajeos NOSH3QNY¥ “W 4 AG O3NILNO NISVE YOTeW3L suey “MOSAAWT O "VY OXY RaMOUNDT Mn 7 “RENNES (OOF MRRMOS “8 MO TONNY “Mt NOGMRONY C2 “FIV ENWGNEW > on ~ SSR Yen ya “ae HAG SWAN‘ -O “TIawEOM OF /mUTOYa 40 NOILISOd UMA wou = “= ~ J z ee binaiee taie ‘SLIAVE NMONH LINVLHOdNI BNOW ; | se INES x HL GNV OIOVd FHL TO YOO WHE OF GIsHS é ¥ = _— pie: ‘AUTIGN AHL IO ATLOVAVHO ONIAOMESVIG AHL 5 odndiee mies OHVdI GNV Nopaxo 00s VAVAGN oxy VINNOAITVO dVW OIHdNONOUD | eed “1 12nBey vee RouanBay 4g \ ofan \ Ges | Wig ewising \ Aogodsi9o sh Ne sinqueg 3 q ’ GS PROF | 10g OPIS ST "4 -¥ 4d. gouaysy g¥IOpuay, Sw iC a Sw OTS nt ee fa = : #2 Parse Aye / \ " emo an & Sait 3 ie Ss ca i ge Aan HVS (oe 23 ios, r -. Coa < Glycimeris branneri Arnold ......... x| xX Glycimeris coalingaensis Arnold..... x Glycimeris septentrionalis Midd...... >. il |< Hemimactra lenticularis Gabb....... x Hinnites crassus Conrad ............ x Hinnites giganteus Gray............ x |X x Lucina estrellana Conrad............ x Macoma calcarea Gmelin............ x Macoma inquinata Deshayes........ : Macomaastors, Dall so 08). nccneecne Macoma jacalitosana Arnold........ x Macoma nasuta Conrad............. x|x1X|xdx Macoma piercei Arnold....... ees Macoma, 'secta Conrad 435 560) x Xe KOR ON x x x xX xX XXKXX x XXXxX XXX XK XX XXX KX XX x wx KXKXX XK xX x x x x x x x x x xX x x xX xX xX xx xX KX XKXX x X XXX xx xX 172 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. CuHECK-List oF MIOCENE INVERTEBRATES OF CALIFORNIA— Continued. MI0cENE OLIGOCENE PLIOCENE | QUATERNARY GENERA AND SPECIES Upper flower) Upper San Lorenzo Monterey an = Sta. Margarita Sta. Barbara San Pedro RECENT Vaqueros Macoma ocoyana Conrad............ Mactra albaria Conrad.............- Mactra catilliformis Conrad......... Mactra coalingaensis Arnold ........ x Mactra montereyana Arnold........ x Marcia oregonensis Conrad......... x Meretrix uniomeris Conrad......... Meretrix traski Conrad............. ~< Meretrix decisa Conrad............. Metss altas Conrad diners < x. 0s2 ose cee Modiolus capax Conrad............. Modiolus directus Dall.............. Modiolus multiradiatus Gabb........ x Modiolus rectus Conrad............. Modiolus ynezanus Arnold.......... x |X Monia macroschisma Deshayes...... Mulinia densata Conrad............. Mulinia, var. minor Arnold.......... Mid FOP OntGGeyayinn ceases oa hen als Mytilus coalingaensis Arnold........ Mytilus inezensis Conrad............ Mytilus mathewsoni Gabb........... Mytilus mathewsoni, var. expansa ASTNO] diejesmime ieee ais @ cise oer ere x|xX Nucula castrensis Hinds ............ x|xXTxX|x|xXI/x Nucula conradi Meek ............... x Ostrea atwoodt\Gabb.............05...- x |X Ostrea bourgeoisi Gabb............. x Ostrea eldridget Arnold............. xX Ostrea heermanni Conrad........... Ostrea panzana Conrad............. x Ostrea lurida Carpenter............. x x|xX Ostrea tayloriana Gabb............. O'sstrea titan | Conra dient x..:<.s :s.c)e;8 «tine xX|xX| XTX Ostrea veatchi Gabb.............0.- Ostrea vespertina Conrad........... Ostrea vespertina, var. sequens Ar- NOld cy ea eee ees cicieeaieeee Leda cahillensis Arnold............. Leda taphria Dallytere scissile ose Pandora scapha Gabb............... XXX | Temblor xX x xX Seo x xX xX x x x & KI DOCS x xX x x xX x x x x xX ~ x XX xX x xX x x Vor. III] SMITH—MIOCENE FOSSILS OF CALIFORNIA 173 CuHeEcK-List oF MIOCENE INVERTEBRATES OF CALIFORNIA— Continued. GENERA AND SPECIES OLIGOCENE San Lorenzo Lower Vaqueros MI0cENE Sta. Margarita San Pablo- Upper flower urisima PLIOCENE Sta. Barbara UATERNARY RECENT Panopaea generosa Gould........... Panopaea estrellana Conrad......... Paphia jacalitosana Arnold.......... Paphia tenerrima Carpenter......... Paphia staminea Carpenter....... ras Paphia truncata ‘Gabb........¢.22..+- Pecten andersomi Arnold............ Pecten branneri Arnold............- Pecten carrizoensis Arnold.......... Pecten cerrosensis Gabb............ Pecten cerrosensis, var. mendenhalli AEN Ol despa at evens ssstarciersine isle reye eects Pecten coalingaensis Arnold......... Pecten crassicardo Conrad.......... Pecten crassicardo, var. hamiltoni PATOL Ay as letersiare aeistalelare crstelatareteeetets Pecten deserti Conrad..........+--:. Pectendiscws, Conrad)... ards a Pecten eldridget Arnold............ Pecten estrellanus Conrad........... Pecten estrellanus var. catalinae Ar- MOLE eG Nave otal oreratete sesahavers isles aeesie Pecten estrellanus var. terminus Ar- LOLA PO alii tiercisjevsta shojsrela tee rata tere Pecten etchegoint Anderson......... Pecten hamlini Arnold..........-... Pecten hastatus Sowerby............- Pecten keept Arnold................ Pecten lompocensis Arnold.......... Pecten magnolia Conrad ............ Pecten miguelensis Arnold.......... Pecten nevadanus Conrad........... Pecten nuttert Arnold............... Pecten owent Arnold .........-..... Pecten pabloensis Conrad........... Pecten peckhami Gabb.............. Pecten perrint Arnold.........:..++ Pecten propatulus Conrad........... Pecten sanctaecruzensis Arnold ..... Pecten sespeensis Arnold........... Pecten sespeensis, var. Hydei Arnold Pecten stanfordensis Arnold........ x xX XX XXX XX X X | Temblor XX xXx XxX X | Monterey XXXXXKXXX Xx x X XXX xX x X | Etchegoin xX xX] Pp XxX XX x xX xX X | San Pedro XX xX 174 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. CHECK-List oF MIocENE INVERTEBRATES OF CALIFORNIA— Continued. MI0cENE OLIGOCENE PLIOCENE QUATERNARY GENERA AND SPECIES Lower Upper flower) Upper San Lorenzo Vaqueros Monterey Sta. Margarita Etchegoin Purisima San Pedro RECENT Temblor Sta. Barbara Pecten vanvlecki Arnold...........- Pecten vaughani Arnold............. Pecten veatchi Gabb..........-.....- Pecten wattsi Arnold............... Periploma sanctaecrucis Arnold..... Phacoides acutilineatus Conrad...... Phacoides annulatus Reeve ......... Phacoides richthofenit Gabb......... Phacoides sanctaecrucis Arnold..... Pholadidea ovoidea Gould........... Placuanomia californica Arnold ...:. Pinna alamedensis Yates...........- Psammobia edentula Gabb...........- 4 Saxidomus nuttalli Conrad.......... Saxidomus vaquerosensis Arnold.... Semele rubropicta Dall.............. Schizodesma abscissa Gabb.......... Schizothoerus pajaroanus Conrad.... Septifer coalingaensis Arnold........ x Siliqua nuttali Conrad.............. Solen sicarius Gould................ | x |X Tapes inezensis Conrad ............. Tellina aragonia Dall............... Tellina congesta Conrad ............ x Tellina tdae Das iiss. css sesso eee Tellina oregonensis Conrad ......... Tivela inegana Conrad.............. x Thracia jacalitosana Arnold......... | Thracia mactropsis Conrad.......... x Thracia trapezoidea Conrad......... Transenella californica Arnold...... Venus pertenuis Gabb.............. x V enericardia montereyana Arnold... x Venericardia ventricosa Gould...... Voldta coopers ‘Gabbee =. .....----600 Yoldia impressa Conrad............ x Yoldia oregona Shumard........... Yoldia submontereyensis Arnold..... Yoldia supramontereyensis Arnold .. Zirphea dentata Gabb............... Zirphea gabbi Tryon................ Agasoma barkerianum Cooper....... x xxXxX xX Ka KK OOK xX x x x xX XxX xX X xX xX xX xX xX xXxxXXxX x x xXX XX ce ae ee a es ee eee x MK XxX xX XxX XX xX XX x x x xX x x XxX x x x KX XXX Vor. III] SMITH—MIOCENE FOSSILS OF CALIFORNIA 175 Cueck-List oF MIocENE INVERTEBRATES OF CALIFORNIA— Continued. GENERA AND SPECIES OLIGOCENE San Lorenzo MIOCENE Lower Upper PLIOCENE Lower | Upper | QUATERNARY Monterey San Pablo- Sta. Margarita Etchegoin an Diego- San Pedro RECENT Purisima Sta. Barbara Agasoma gravidum Gabb........... Agasoma santacruzanum Arnold .... Agasoma sinuatum Gabb..........-- Ancillaria fishit Gabb............-+- Astyris richthofeni Gabb..........+. Bathytoma carpenteriana Gabb...... Bathytoma carpenteriana, var. fer- nandoensis-Arnold . ....<). -\<.i5': Bathytoma coalingaensis Arnold..... Bathytoma keepi Arnold............ Bathytoma piercei Arnold........... Bittium asperum Gabb.............. Bullia anglonana Anderson.......... Calliostoma coalingaense Arnold .... Calliostoma kerri Arnold............ Cancellaria altispira Gabb........... Cancellaria andersoni Arnold........ Cancellaria condoni Anderson....... Cancellaria joaquinensis Anderson .. Cancellaria dalliana Anderson....... Cancellaria pacifica Anderson ....... Cancellaria simplex Anderson....... Cancellaria tritonidea Gabb......... Cancellaria vespertina Anderson..... Cancellaria vetusta Gabb............ Cerithium topangensis Arnold....... Chrysodomus imperialis Dall........ Chrysodomus portolaensis Arnold... Conus owenianus Anderson......... Conus hayesi Arnold................ Crepidula onyx Sowerby............ Crepidula praerupta Conrad..7...... Crepidula princeps Conrad.......... Cuma biplicata Gabb................ Cylichna petrosa Conrad............ Dentalium conradi Dall............. Ficus kernianus Cooper............- Ficus nodiferus Gabb.............. Ficus ocoyanus Conrad............. Ficus pyriformis Gabb.............. Ficus stanfordensis Arnold.......... Fusus portolaensis Arnold........... | Vaqueros xX XXKKKK KKK XX xXx XX X xX XX] Temblor xX x XX XXKXX xx x x xX xX xx XxX xX xX x|X|xX x x | xX xX|X|xX x 176 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. CueEcK-List oF MIocENE INVERTEBRATES OF CALIFORNIA— Continued. MIocENE OLIGOCENE PLIOCENE QUATERNARY GENERA AND SPECIES Lower J Upper flower Upper 0- 1eg0- a RECENT San Lorenzo Vaqueros Sta. Margarita Etchegoin San Pedro San San D Purisima Sta. Barbara xX | Monterey Fusus stanfordensis Arnold ......... Gontobasis kettlemanensis Arnold ... Hemifusus wilkeseanus Anderson... . Littorina mariana Arnold........... x Littorina planaxis Phill............. Littorina remondi Gabb............. Lunatia lewisti Gould............... x Macron merriami Arnold ........... Margarita johnsonit Arnold......... Metula remondi Gabb.............. Miopleionia oregonensis Dall........ xix Monoceros engonatum Conrad...... Nassa arnoldi Anderson............ x Nassa californiana Conrad .......... Nassa californiana, var. coalingaensis Arnold el ieee ees 658 alana oes x Natica geniculata Conrad........... Natica inezana Conrad.............. x Neptunea recurva Gabb............. Neverita callosa Gabb............... x < |! Temblor x x x XXX x xX xX x x Ocinebra topangensis Arnold........ Ocinebra lurida Midd............... Oliva californica Anderson.......... Oliva futheyana Anderson.......... Olivella biplicata Sowerby........... Olivella pedroana Conrad ........... Pachypoma biangulata Gabb......... x Pisania fortis, var. angulata Arnold.. Pleurotoma transmontana Conrad ... Purpura vaquerosensis Arnold ...... x Ranella mathewsoni Gabb........... Scaphander jugularis Conrad........ Sigaretus scopulosus Conrad........ x Sigaretus perrini Arnold............ Terebra cooperi Anderson.......... Thais canaliculata Ducl............. Thats. crispata (Chemists gos on. 2 oe ce Thais edmondi Arnold.............. x Thais etchegoinensis Arnold........ Thais kettlemanensis Arnold........ x Trochita costellata Conrad.......... xXIX|xX x X~x x x x xX xX xX xX XXXXKX KX KX KX XK X xX x xX xX xX x Vor. IIT) SMITH—MIOCENE FOSSILS OF CALIFORNIA 177 Cueck-List oF MI0CENE INVERTEBRATES OF CALIFORNIA— Continued. zZ oie Aes (<3) a 3} ra < 3 MI0cENE 8 z oy AS a3) [e) AY 2) Pee eS eh 5 GENERA AND SPECIES Lower | Upper [lower|Upper) ©! £3 8 Ai £ £ é oS] ou a Se & s £ & 6 $1 8/s/ Ses SB el sie a) 5/8) S1ss/ Sigs] | 3 Al>lals inal a pial ala Trochita diegoana Conrad.......... ? ihrochttavnlosay.Gabb.scnecconsecn cee x x x Trochita inornata Gabb............. xx x Trophon bartoni Arnold............ x Trophon carisaensis Anderson...... x Tx Trophon coalingaensis Arnold...... x Trophon gabbianus Anderson....... x Trophon gabbianus, var. cancellari- OtdeswAENOl di ii se teeta se eee x Trophon kernensis Anderson....... Xx Trophon ponderosus Gabb.......... XTX) xX Trophon stuarti Smith.............. x xX\|xX |x Turbo topangensis Arnold.......... x Turritella inezana Conrad .......... x Turritella inezana, var. Sespeensis EN Galo) (ali Vas a Oe pene pete x Turritella ocoyana Conrad.......... x Turritella vanvlecki Arnold......... x|xX Turritella variata Conrad........... x Vanikoro diegoana Conrad.......... ? Triptera clavata Gabb.............. x SPECIES CONFINED TO THE LowER MI0cENE—VAQUEROS, TEMBLOR, AND MONTEREY FAUNAS GENERA AND SPECIES San Lorenzo Vaqueros Temblor Monterey x TsHtTAG ACAfOTMICa, WWeaversacinaine ciate ee eens oe leeioonic Astrodapsis fernandoensts. Pack oo. c nose ccs ccos ccc cece Sctitellanfairvankst Arnolds cn sem ete een oeele ces x< Seutella merriams Andersons sate cncn cccicnlnclec.cc ce sieene x CULE AE ROTI ACK era etter ee oe tele een one x x 178 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4rH Ser. SPECIES CONFINED TO THE LOWER M10cENE—Continued GENERA AND SPECIES San Lorenzo Vaqueros Areas montereyanaNOsmont...c.s.ssuciiooscinoneeeenene eee AP Ea ODES POGNRAR CONTA | cie.e.c oc civlerats/sye eraieis wiefe cleieie/erersiave efoto ALCO OSIMONTU ID APRS Sais rece = 0: sve ajstelsvorelofeiel nave wisloteisecee eee Cardtum: vaquerosense: Arnold. .isj. 0d1s'\occies esis. les sicleicleis Chione conradtana “Anderson .....jc ssc eee covccceene cnceweee Chioketmathewsons AGabn cvis-ercrarsto store stajererecie si avelors cialoieforeniee XX] Monterey wXKX x DVO SINAGCONFACUR GADD << o:0.s1015 w/orcrs.s,6 breic ate nveresstele ieleeleyere siete Dosimasimathewsont \Gabd) i <.0/0/e:s1s\s,s1e;0'e\sieie vires ciereleleisieieverslore Glycimeris barbarensis Conrad Glycimeris branneri Arnold ............ Hemimactra lenticularis Gabb Beda consilens1s: sArnold.«.x.s/<.c sieves steie\ereyeie «erases ieiecneveiele a0 Macoma pierces “Arnold oe sic a.c6.5 6.55.00 o.are.(1ese,siosaie eyo sierae : Macoma’ ocoyand. \Conrad.: sis 2.303. s.< s'sa0.0.0.06 0 eisleles sees sletnele Mactratmonterevand (Arnolds. «cissicisicisisicielsiervicle cafe siete vrareie Mereiviz® dectsat Conrad :< sis ols’ cote « cjeiereicics teieresteleiee eetelerete 6 Modtolus snezanusAtn0ld.... 2.5:5.2\0,0 6s siciclaeisieetelele a eleisrezatelele x Mytilus, snesensts Conrad's oc iva races ose slelerereleunrecereusroyerereteteie is Mytilus mathewsoni Gabb, var. expansa Arnold........... NUCUIARCOMTEAUMMEEK: 2. 4s: c.s.0:5.aloie.s.oishelsiaiele,sleyetelacciele date leer OStrea seldridger Arnold scx « 55.50/18: s'0.0/0/0n0) (vis) 0/sleja\s jer siete eveve-s Pandorayscapnan Gab dirs x, 1010's aia scsietaseehatotateteialetelateier detest octet: Periploma sanctaecrucis Arnold... ...cecnnereacsercerees Pecten toranners TATION 5c crore, vj 0rsiui ote eieyert ter terete ateteiaiste sioreve x Pecten hamling GArn old .s.6,5,3. s.2:013:ai0e:01010101416,21evelolsieserereleieleie ociels Pecten slompocensis. Arnoldi... « «tc. cnwrrsieerecesyt eee clente toe Pecten nagnoliat Conrad s)s...«. care secs sravereiersrsieresyclazaoe eisis Seiete Pecten inevadanus Conrad 3.2 os:< cis;s6.s1s.s1si0.1sisisieeisieels iviels wielee Pecten® peckhampes Gabby «2.cic% «0010.00.08 scisieiereysvvnrsoe wrele feiss x Pecten -perranvtArnol disc aciccis cones sagierieionaseneoeeuenr. Pecten ‘propatulus (Conrad: «...<:2<.s0.¢.00 e1a.0cle 08 cee oenieice ce sis Pecten sanciaecruzensis Arnold. 22s: 602.0000 vce s 20 eos x iRecten’ sesbeensts@Atn0oldiiincac occen sires ote ea ieee cine Pecten sespeensis, var. hydei Arnold Pecten stanfordensis Arnold..............5: Pecten vanvleckt Arnold.......ceccccscccces Pecten vauenant Arnold iss sic..t.ccslenciee sis neice clea seme ee Saxidomus vaquerosensis Arnold ...........cc cece cece Septifer coalincaensis: Arnold. scasieccjioste sisleieiaecissestes oes Rapesssnesensist Conrad's occ. cists cctenel cecesine salience ate Tellina® congesta | Conrad svcc.c1e ars oeteteoerre sic cle siake cele aterwrs x Tellinavorezonensts (Conrad v.% «is's.s.stioc.s voice « sisters elvicrsceeteiels Violdia smmpressanGonrad:saccticetnrcece erica een canien ee x Voldia jorezona (Shumard oc 5%. 2:2(s, &; > 3 a. oO a ° = x XX xX KXXKXXKXXXKX XKXXXX-XX|] Temblor xX XXX XXXXX X XXXXKX KX KKK KKXXKX xX XX xX XXX XXXxX xX Vor. IIT] SMITH—MIOCENE FOSSILS OF CALIFORNIA 179 Species CONFINED TO THE LOWER MiocENE—C ontinued GENERA AND SPECIES San Lorenzo Monterey Vaqueros Ancillaria fishit Gabb..........ccee cence cence eee ee eeees Bathytoma keepi Arnold.........0eseeeeeeeee ese e er eetees Bathytoma piercet Arnold .....--.-seeeeeeee certs e rete Bullia anglonana Anderson.......++e.++eeeee errr steeeees Cancellaria altispira Gabb ........- eee eee eter teeter eees Cancellaria andersoni Arnold ........eeeee rere eee eres Cancellaria condoni Anderson ........-.eeee sere er eeteees Cancellaria dalliana Anderson .......-eeeeeeee reer errcees Cancellaria joaquinensis Anderson Cancellaria pacifica Anderson........+-++ Cancellaria simplex Anderson......-..e-eeeeeeereeeereeee Cancellaria vetusta Gabb ........c ccc ccc eect eee eeee Cerithium topangensis Arnold ........0eeeeee eee eee eens Conus hayesi Arnold ..........ee cree eee cere cent erences Conus owenianus Anderson ......eeec cece eee eee etteteee Cuma biplicata Gabb .........e cee n eee e eee e teen eee eces x Cylichna petrosa Conrad........seeeeeeeeeee eee r eee seees Dentalium conradi Dall ..........ceeeeeeccccseecccceeees Ficus Rernianus Cooper .....cscseesceecccccceeeeceeerers x Ficus nodiferus Gabb......cceseee eee c cece eee e eect ee ecnes Ficus ocoyanus Conrad Ficus pyriformis Gabb Ficus stanfordensis Arnold Fusus stanfordensis Arnold......eeeeseereeee eect etecnees Hemifusus wilkesanus Anderson.......-++0++seeee eee ee Metula remondi Gabb......sececcccecceccccesseccceeercs Macron merriami Arnold........ccceeeeeeceeeseereseeets Nassa arnoldi Anderson......csecscsccccerccsessencccess Natica geniculata Conrad......-.-+eeeee eee e eee e eet ees Natica inezana Conrad .......002cccccccececrencccccceces Ocinebra topangensis Arnold.........0-seee cece eee eee eeee Oliva californica Anderson ........2eeeeeee eee e eee eeeees Oliva futheyana Anderson.........-.eeeee sree seen teens Pleurotoma transmontana Conrad...........++eeeee eee ee Pupura vaquerosensis Arnold.......seeeeeee seen ener eee x Ranella mathewsoni Gabb ....-...-scceceeeceeeereeeseees Scaphander jugularis Conrad .....++- esses cere reece eee Sigaretus perrini Arnold..........++eeceeese seen eer er ees Terebra cooperi Anderson.......eeeeere ee eeeeecereeeeee Thats edmonds Atnold\..... clei. ove cence pee cele eels ee sels oie Trochita castellata Conrad........ccccecssvccssrenscccess x Trophon bartoni Arnold.........-eeeeee eens eee teen ences Trophon gabbianus Anderson......-+-.seees eee e eee eres Trophon gabbianus, var. cancellarioides Arnold.........-- Trophon kernensis Anderson ........+.sesee cere eer eeeeee Turbo topagensis Arnold ........0.ceees cece nee e ee eeees Turritella inezana Conrad .........2sscccccessctececceces Turritella inezana, var. sespeensis Arnold Turritella ocoyana Conrad........+-.e00+- Turritella variata Conrad... .6\.. sciceesce sis ole sions lees sels Triptera clavata Gabb ...... 6... cc seesec se csesececcecicees XXX XK X x xXXXXXKXXXXX KXXXK KXKXXXKXKXKXXXKKX KKKXXKKKKKXKX XXX X| Temblor xX XXX Se ee eS ee 180 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Serr. SPECIES CONFINED TO THE UPPER MIOCENE IN CALIFORNIA— SANTA MarGARITA, JACALITOS, SAN PaBLo AND ETCHE- GOIN FAUNAS £| 8 GENERA AND SPECIES es| & i) eo asl 3 na] a Astrangiacoalingaensts. Vaughan. .........0cs «sak ereee ee =: x RaviavmernamsoVatighan «.ssict cee nace senieeenen eee noe x Stephanocoenia fairbanksi Vaughan...............0eeececeseees x Amphuiraxsanctaccructs (Arnoldi... ccccc tees cane ce -senenencnee x< Asteriasremondte GabDis.ijc.ccjccctinarce sion heels ect ichee Ce eee. SC Astrodapsiswantisellt ‘Conrad: «2 %..cciscince dance achinace eee »< Astrodapsts tumiaus, REMONC.2 « < Ds plodonta: har fords Anderson «cos «oes sacceesacecwee nee bein EX Diplodontaparsits {Conrad ..c bourgeatst el Gabb. 106s. vic ne Wen donieee ERLE ee x Ostrea heermanns Conrad «ivieviscos decicalsteinedetc sono coonceeetin x Ostrea pansana Gonads. «cis ci seclots calemaraees eetceneeee meee x Ostreacuesperting gContad wa anc.cecios He vidas case ee ean een eenen: x Ostrea vespertina, var. sequens Arnold ............ceceeecsees x Paphta- jacahtosana Ato s.63.0 sta catine co Socetniea anew ee einer: x Paphia~ truncata Gabbe +. 8 ay Q ° 3 3 fe XXXX XX 182 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. List oF MIOCENE SPECIES THAT ARE STILL LivING— GENERA AND SPECIES Nucula castrensis Hinds...... Ostrea lurida Carpenter...... Leda ftaphria Dallts ccc ccdeees Panopaea generosa Gould..... Paphia tenerrima Carpenter... Paphia staminea Carpenter.... Pecten hastatus Sowerby...... Phacoides annulatus Reeve... Psammobia edentula Gabb.... Phacoides richthofeni Gabb....... i Pholadidea ovoidea Gould.... Telling tdae’ Dall. icccc.cc0e0 Saxidomus nuttalli Conrad.... Semele rubropicta Dall....... Siliqua nuttalli Conrad....... Solen sicarius Gould......... Venericardia ventricosa Gould Yoldia cooperi Gabb.......... Zirphea gabbi Tryon......... Bathytoma carpenteriana Gabb Bittium asperum Gabb........ Crepidula onyx Sowerby...... Littorina planaxis Phill....... Lunatia lewisit Gould......... Nassa californiana Conrad.... Neverita recluziana Petit..... Ocinebra lurida Midd......... Olivella biplicata Sowerby..... Olivella pedroana Conrad..... Thais canaliculata Ducl....... Thais crispata Chem.......... Trophon stuarti Smith........ Continued ° fa N Pieter] intel fle s|el.| 3} 4/8[Sel$| ¢ SI 5/28/57 5] SES RATE] Al $)/S)/ 2 yeh shiz) 2] 8] & a1 315] S 08s] sts] 2] $] 5 ale lealahelabial s]als ae XXII wees xIx Sills ners x x xX|xX ns oe KNX KK VS SSIS ern x|xXITx «I< roe x 41D. aess woes x|xTx SDK Pet x p-4ilpx< |l>.$ PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FourRTH SERIES Vox. III, pp. 183-186 May 3, 1912 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF SALAMANDER FROM JAPAN BY SURGEON J. C. THOMPSON, U. S. NAVY PLATE XIV The California Academy of Sciences has received from the Far East a tailed batrachian belonging to the subfamily of Amblystomatine. It is intermediate between the groups com- posed of Hynobius Tschudi and Salamandrella Dybowski on the one hand and of Onychodactylus Tschudi and Geomolge Boulenger on the other. The larve possess stout claws, which is also the condition found in the young of Geomolge. The development of the dermal covering of the palms and soles is unique among sala- manders. Pachypalaminus new genus Type—Pachypalaminus boulengeri, No. 33192 California Academy of Sciences. Generic Characters—Tongue large, with longitudinal plice and sulci and with anterior and lateral borders free. Series of palatine teeth inter- rupted, forming a pair of salient angles, with mesial sides the longer. Palms, soles, and inferior surface and tips of fingers and toes covered with a tough brown corneous modification of the epidermis. Toes five. Tail compressed at the base, deepened and strongly compressed posteriorly. The following species is dedicated to Mr. G. A. Boulenger, F. R. S., V. P. Z. S., as a slight token of the appreciation felt for assistance rendered me when a student in London. May 3, 1912 184 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Pachypalaminus boulengeri new species Type—No. 33192 California Academy of Sciences; male; Odaigahara Mt., Yamato Province, Honshu, Japan; October, 1911. Specific Characters—Head large, depressed, and as broad as long; snout long and rounded; nostril situated a trifle nearer to the orbit than to the tip of the snout; eyes rather large and prominent; orbit contained one and one third times in the length of the snout. Series of palatine teeth interrupted, not forming a reéntrant angle; apices of the two salient angles on a line with the centers of the choane; the length of the inner side of one of the angles equal to the interval between the choane; the length of the outer side equal to one third this interval. Tongue circular, strong and fleshy, filling the floor of the mouth, the surface finely and longitudinally plicate; two fairly deep sulci with a general antero-pos- terior trend, their outline that of two laterally directed obtuse angles, enclosing about one half the central area of the tongue. The gular fold moderately developed, Body depressed; distance from the snout to the gular fold contained nearly three times in the distance from the latter to the cloaca; median dorsal groove, markedly deepened over the pectoral and pelvic regions; thirteen well developed costal folds, including the one flexed to enter the axilla and the one reaching the groin; the nine mid- dle folds continued across the abdomen. Vent (of male) three slits meet- ing in front, the medium longitudinal and longest, the two others obliquely directed forwards, forming an angle; the borders swollen. Limbs stout, when adpressed the digits overlap for about two milli- meters. Digits well developed. Tail a trifle longer than the distance from the gular fold to the cloaca, strongly compressed, deepened and fleshy in the posterior half; not keeled; the tip rounded. Skin smooth; numerous mucous glands on snout, around nostrils and eyes, and on upper and lower lips; parotids distinct; an irregular horizontal groove from eye to gular fold, joined by a short vertical one posterior to angle of mouth. Color in spirits slate, a trifle paler beneath. MEASUREMENTS (in millimeters) Total length .....2-.. cece cece e eee c sete cess eeteccnnecssrecereeee 161 From snout to cloaca ........5sccesseceee ene n ence ererecereteces 92 From snout to gular fold ............ eee cece cece e eee cece ee eee 23 From snout to level of centre of insertion of fore limb .......... 35 From snout to level of centre of insertion of hind limb .......... 88 Brom Jaxilla tos erin 25 6ec<.5 cd aiaepie. nie nee 2isie's'sjeioieinie’ \sisle sje sT1a8 44 ore: itn Dito ceie eters stares 0c a revel Siete) otere sted oie-atepeiensvaletseisjeyeietefeveecterersisietar= 23 FE ETI fhitl) ij cae ieee er amerne acme n tpendo comune scicrdaostdannSe 26 Ta Cl ct ms cc aack ahs aud chen be Nomad nueva spate tes oles vse eseyeteteraasteezeets 18.5 WA ditto fel ead detect cis wicrctarel ene spectre serene seh -Tatorsuareletoate ia sinners tevene rotten 19 From snout to nostril ......... dete idecats quintet nG hatter 5 Tntervall DeLweeneNOStrlS: aectec Gelcis ee einievs= aisles eoetsiote eictesekeistane ts 7iSe} rom, SNOULITONCEMEDE: OF (EYE: sisiejc cee -zeirsare Saws ole ree.s soleteleysjexsieiessieis 10 TT EerOr ital cme tneerein wreks cloticis OE Gererafeleenssslelessfeysle ete leleloreteqetstelaterer-t= 4.3 Interval between anterior canthi .............:ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 9 Interval between posterior canthi ......--..-. ese eee ee eee ee eee 1BE5 From anterior canthus to nostril ..............ee eee ee eee ceeeeee 4 From snout to angle of mouth ...............cceeeeeeeeee eens 15 Tailevl stones eters AE ae Aner Eran Aten conadoop wccacnGes 69 ——— Vor. III] THOMPSON—NeEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF SALAMANDER 185 Atwbase One talleuswtiercrdenterer terete 12 11.5 At end of first quarter of tail ........ 10.5 9.5 At end of second quarter of tail ...... 1235. 6.5 At end of third quarter of tail....... 15.5 4.5 Series of palatine teeth: Length (measured along mesial side of one salient angle) 6 Width (interval between extremities of lateral sides of Salient) (angles) Wecccrsyerariccietsta cravat ts are cers tac rake aiavecte ere 6.8 Interval between apices of salient angles ............ 4 Length of short lateral side of a salient angle ......... 2 Interval between posterior extremities of mesial sides of each fsalientWangle: a-nemeyatteem nc ints cena eS California Academy of Sciences, April 23, 1912. 186 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV Pachypalaminus boulengert new species. Type: No. 33192 California Academy of Sciences; male; Odaiga- hara Mt., Yamato Province, Honshu, Japan. Figures 1, 2, 3 natural size; 4, 5, 6 enlarged two times. Proc. CALACAD, SEI 4°" SER. VOL.11 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FourTH SERIES Vou. IlI., pp. 187-258 AMPHIBIANS FROM CHINA, JAPAN, THE LOO CHOO ISLANDS, AND FORMOSA By Joun Van DENBURGH Curator of the Department of Herpetology PREFACE 4 ; 5 : : ‘ ; 0 : : : DiscussIon OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES UNDER THE FOLLOWING GENERA :-— Ayla Rana Babina : Polypedates . Gekko . : Hemidactylus Cosymobotus Ptychozoon Japalura Eumeces Mabuya . Sphenomorphus Emoia : Leiolopisma . Lygosaurus Cryptoblepharus Tachydromus Achalinus Calliophis Hemibungarus CONTENTS December 13, 1912. December 16, 1912 CONCERNING CERTAIN SPECIES OF REPTILES AND 188 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. INTRODUCTION This paper is made up of a series of notes upon collections of reptiles and amphibians from China and the Japanese Empire, which the Academy has received during recent years. It is not in any sense an exhaustive account of these .collec- tions. Instead, it deals only with certain species, nearly all of which have been collected by Victor Kihne in Formosa and the Loo Choo Archipelago. A few species from China, Japan proper, the Pescadores, Botel Tobago, Wake, and the Bonin islands also are included; but a large proportion of the species, even from Formosa and the Loo Choo Islands, have not been studied at all. One genus and the following species and subspecies are here first described, although advance diagnoses of these forms were published July 29, 1912.* Hyla hallowelli Japalura polygonata ishigakiensts Japalura polygonata miyakensis Eumeces barbouri Eumeces marginatus amamiensis Eumeces marginatus kikaigensis Eumeces itshigakiensis Eumeces chinensis formosensis Sphenomorphus indicus formosensis Sphenomorphus boulengeri Leiolopisma laterale formosensts Leiolopisma laterale boettgeri Lygosaurus pellopleurus browni Takydromus stejnegert Achalinus werneri Calliophis swinhoet From a study so incomplete as this, it is indeed difficult to draw conclusions of value regarding the past changes in the land and water areas of the region involved. We may, however, state rather positively that changes have been more numerous, and land-connections more complicated, than in the Galapagos Archipelago. Although not here set forth, there * Advance Diagnoses of New Reptiles and Amphibians from the Loo Choo Islands and Formosa. Published San Francisco, July 29, 1912. Vor. WI] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 189 is evidence that Sakhalin has been rather recently connected with continental Asia. The various islands of Japan proper bear evidence of having been joined not only with each other but also with Sakhalin and Korea by way of Iki and Tsushima. The Loo Choo Islands probably are quite old. The majority of their reptiles and amphibians apparently reached them from the south, doubtless by way of a continental connection of which the present island of Formosa formed a part. The northern islands, however, must sometime have been united with Japan proper; as is shown, for instance, by the presence of Eumeces barbourt. The islands of this group were doubtless all con- nected for a considerable period—long enough to develop specific differences, such as exist between Ewmeces marginatus and Eumeces elegans. Later they became separated into the various islands, and have had individual existence for a period long enough to permit subspecific, or in some instances specific, differentiation. The southern islands show the Formosan in- fluence upon their fauna more strongly than the central and northern islands. The major portion of Formosa is occupied by a reptilian fauna which is practically Chinese modified by time and isolation. Southern Formosa, however, bears evi- dence of a former connection with the Philippines by way of Botel Tobago—as is shown, for example, by Sphenomorphus boulengeri. From all this it would seem probable that this whole region has been gradually sinking; that formerly these various islands were united, as it were, into an enormous “barrier reef’’ off the whole eastern coast of Asia, and connected with that continent through Sakhalin, Korea and Formosa; that the Loo Choo portion of this “reef” then became separated from Japan, and later from Formosa; and that subsequent depression resulted in the present geographical conditions. Doubtless there have been minor elevations and depressions, more or less local in extent, resulting in temporary connections and isolations of portions of this area, and complicating the reading of the story in further detail. 190 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. Hyla chinensis Giinther Originally described from specimens from China, this was one of the species obtained by Swinhoe in Formosa. It has been recorded also from Taiwan, Formosa. We have received twelve adult specimens from Formosa. In all, the heels overlap about the width of the tarsus. When carried forward, the heel reaches the anterior edge of the eye in five, the middle of the orbit in five, and the posterior edge in two. One specimen (No. 20075) twenty-six millimeters long from snout to vent, has no vomerine teeth. Two have only the left patch of vomerines. There is considerable varia- tion in the number, shape, and distribution of the black mark- ings on the legs and sides of body. One large specimen has no black markings. On the body there may be only one spot, a series of spots, or a continuous narrow line. On the legs the markings may be confined to the thighs, or may extend down to the feet; may be round, or may form longitudinal streaks. The brown streak in front and behind the eye seems to be con- stantly present. The vomerine teeth are a little farther back than in Hyla arborea japonica from Japan, but not farther than in the Loo Choo species. There seems to be no appre- ciable difference in the extent of the web. Our specimens were collected at Kosempo, Keelung, Tai- hoku. Hyla hallowelli Van Denburgh Diagnosis —Similar to Hyla chinensis, but never with black spots on legs and sides of body, and with only a trace of a dark streak on side of face; heels overlapping, tibio-tarsal articulation reaching anterior border of eye or beyond; tibia seldom less than half the length of head and body; no dark streak behind eye; green extending beyond wrist and ankle. Type.—Adult male. California Academy of Sciences No. 23806. Kikaiga shima, Loo Choo Islands, Japan, April 30, 1910. Description of the type—Vomerine teeth in two small central groups between posterior edges of choanae. Tongue rounded, slightly indented, and free behind. Canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region slightly oblique and concave. Interorbital space much broader than the upper eyelid. Tym- panum distinct, small, about half the diameter of eye. Fingers webbed’at bse. Toes webbed as in H. chinensis. Heels overlap about the width of Vor. III] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 191 the tarsus when the legs are folded and held at right angles to the axis of body. Heel reaches a little beyond anterior border of eye. A strong dermal fold from eye to tympanum and along the side. A strong pectoral fold. Large external vocal sac. The color above, in alcohol, is uniform bluish gray, doubtless green in life. This color extends down the upper surfaces of the limbs on {to the external digits. There is a trace of a narrow gray line from nostril to eye. There are no other dark markings except a few indistinct gray dots on the sides of the body, the front of the thigh, and the back of the thigh and leg. The lower surfaces are uniform yellowish white, faintly clouded with gray on the vocal sac. Variation.—With fifty-seven specimens at hand, but little variation appears. There is practically no variation in color. The dark spots of H. chinensis are always absent in this species. The heels overlap about the width of the tarsus in all these specimens. The heel reaches only to the middle of the eye in two, to the nostril in two, and to or slightly beyond the anterior edge of the eye in fifty-three. The tibia rarely is a little less than half the length of the head and body, but usually is more than half this measurement. Relationship.—The slightly more posterior position of the vomerine teeth, the overlapping of the heels, the general shape of the head and body, and the uniform green coloration above, indicate relationship with H. chinensis, nothwithstanding the fact that the absence of the showy black spots and red-brown head-streak give a certain resemblance to the Hyla of Japan. The following measurements, first, of the type of this species, second, of a Formosan specimen of H. chinensis, and third, of a Japanese specimen of Hyla arborea japonica, may be use- ful. All are males. Snout stop vent) ee-ece ee 33. mm. 33.4 mm. 32.3 mm. Snout to tympanum ..... ONS ieee 3) TAG Tympanum to vent ...... faa OE PAA) es ZAS | S Wadthivof head .5.).5-..: Ts ei NEPA 1325 oy Fore? limba. meconsae 2301) ee 225i ine 23 orn: lind nlimbys cs cece rr OOe a lees SU hort SZ tae TUDE fee er ene ane LSS None NS ns Heel to tip of longest toe.25 “ Doh i ZAK It will be seen that the new species has a much longer tibia, and that the Japanese form has a broader head. Distribution.—No tree-toads have been recorded from any of the Loo Choo islands. We have received good series from Kikaiga and Amami O shima, but none from any other island of the group. 192 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41u Ser. Rana okinavana Boettger This frog was described by Boettger, in 1895, from three specimens secured by a Japanese collector for Mr. B. Schmacker. These were labeled Okinawa shima. The large col- lection which we have received from the Loo Choo Islands contains no specimens of this frog from Okinawa, where it was sought in vain; but on Ishigaki shima twenty-five speci- mens, which seem referable to this species were obtained. Boettger’s original description applies so completely that a detailed description of them seems uncalled for, but it will be well to call attention to certain variations occurring in the series now at hand. The vomerine teeth normally begin about on a line con- necting the posterior borders of the choanae—or a little anterior to this—and extend obliquely backward, being separated from each other and from the choanae by nearly equal spaces. Nine- teen specimens show approximately this arrangement. Two specimens have the vomerine patches between the choanae (Nos. 22834 and 22845). One specimen (No. 22852) has the left patch much in advance of the right, so that the left is between, and the right chiefly behind, the choanae. One adult specimen (No. 22851) has no vomerine teeth, and two have them absent on one side. In four specimens (Nos. 22851, 22838, 22847, 22852) the nostrils open about midway between the eye and the end of the snout. In the other twenty-one examples the nostrils are decidedly nearer to the end of the snout than to the eye. In No. 22846 the nostril is farthest forward. The external metatarsal tubercle usually is not present, but five or six specimens (as Nos. 22851, 22835, 22852) show it as a distinct, small, round, white knob at the base of the fourth toe. The skin usually is smooth everywhere except on the rump and hind legs, but in some specimens the sides bear small warts. In two specimens (Nos. 22851 and 22852) the tibio-tarsal joints do not overlap. In six (Nos. 22841, 22853, 22847, 22838, 22842, 22835) they overlap one-half the width of the tarsus. In the other seventeen specimens they overlap the full width of the tarsus. Vor. III] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 193 Nineteen specimens have a distinct mid-dorsal line. One (No. 22832) shows a mere indication of this line. Five are entirely without this light line. Many of the specimens have the ends of the toes so much dilated that they might be said to bear pads. The largest individuals have a length from snout to vent of 44 mm. Rana ijimae Stejneger This frog was described by Stejneger in 1901 from a single specimen preserved in the Science College, Tokyo, said to have been collected at Tanabinura, Okinawa shima. Care- ful collecting on Okinawa failed to bring to light any addi- tional specimens, but on Ishigaki some ten specimens were se- cured which agree very well with Stejneger’s type. For pur- poses of comparison I give the following description of the Ishigaki specimens : Description —Vomerine teeth in two oblique series, extending poster- iorly from a line connecting the choanae, about equidistant from the latter and from each other; tongue without free conical papillae; snout some- what projecting, nostrils much nearer to tip of snout than to eyes, and nearly over tip of lower jaw; interorbital space slightly narrower than upper eyelid; canthus rostralis well-marked; lores concave; tympanum one-half diameter of the eye; fingers free, first extending slightly beyond second, disks distinct, small, largest on third and fourth fingers, less than half diameter of tympanum; toes almost fully, or extensively, webbed; one or one and one-half terminal digits of fourth toe free, excision sometimes reaching to terminal third of basal phalanx of fourth toe; disks well-devel- oped, a little less than half diameter of tympanum, about equal to or a little larger than those of fingers; subarticular tubercles very prominent; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, fairly well-developed, contained about two and one-half times in the distance from its distal border to the end of first toe; no outer metatarsal tubercle, except a mere thickening of skin in one specimen; no outer dermal fringe on fifth toe; no tarsal fold; tibio-tarsal articulation reaches between eye and nostril when the hind leg is carried forward, and overlaps about as much as the distance between eye and nos- tril; tibia equals or exceeds one-half length of head and body; skin of back usually smooth, occasionally with a few scattered tubercles; sides with numerous large tubercles interspersed with small ones; lores smooth or with asperities which sometimes are white tipped; similar asperities numer- ous on temporal regions and forming a ring about tympanum “like a string of pearls”; from two to four large glandular warts behind corner of mouth; dorso-lateral fold distinct, narrow or moderately broad, often not entirely continuous; under surfaces smooth except sometimes posteriorly and on thighs, where in many specimens they are granular. The color in alcohol varies from dark slaty brown through chocolate brown, olive brown, and grayish cinnamon to a greenish or brownish gray. 194 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. The back usually is unicolor, but may have indefinite dark or light mark- ings. The dorso-lateral fold may be light more or less edged with black (sometimes a complete line, sometimes only a few black dots), or the light streak may be absent. The edge of the lip is dark, but above this is a light streak, much more definite in some specimens than in others, which is con- tinued on to the postoral tubercles. A dark line usually extends from the snout through the nostril, along the canthus rostralis and edge of upper eyelid to join the black edge of the dorso-lateral fold. The sides and limbs are lighter than the back. The former are spotted or blotched, and the latter are cross-barred with black or dark brown. There is a whit- ish pineal spot. INwimbersys iors she cose iee ec 22825 22827 22822 22820 Snoutito Vent 5. 6s o0 aeons mm. 48 69 88 99 Width ofthead) o...<....,. aeies sare 17 22:5 30 34 Distance between nostrils ..... 5.5 7 8.5 10 Distance bet. nostrils and eyes 5 6 7. 8.5 Diameter of eye .............. 6 8 10 12 Diameter of tympanum ...... SIRS) 4.5 4.8 6 Interorbital space . . ......... 4 5e2 6.5 9 Ore leg ak Geet i cicots hiew see oie Nioras 31 44 51 59 Width of largest finger disk.... ules) 1.8 Z 2 Hind leg, vent to tip of longest ROG ace St a Mtayers steer alent e 89 116 141 157 Ai Diahdses sihtoen taiek so Oeiisicteraer 29 36 45 52 Metatarsal tubercle ........... 2 3 4 5 In one of the smaller specimens the tibio-tarsal joint reaches quite to the end of the snout. Rana namiyei Stejneger An excellent series of twenty-two specimens of this frog is now at hand from Nago, Okinawa. These specimens agree in almost every particular with the description given by Dr. Stejneger. A few points of varia- tion may be noted. The tooth-like prominences in the lower jaw are farther apart than indicated in the figure, and between them on the median line is a smaller prominence. The head may be as wide as Stejneger states but, especially in the younger specimens, may be considerably (diameter of orbit) narrower. The nostrils may be a little anterior to the point midway between the eye and the end of snout. The interorbital space may be one and one-half or only one and one-fourth times as wide as the upper eyelid. The length of the meta- tarsal tubercle usually is considerably shorter than the dia- meter of the eye. The tibio-tarsal joint may not reach the eye; it usually reaches the posterior border of the eye, but may extend to the anterior border. The heels usually are as de- scribed by Stejneger, but they may nearly meet. The skin —— Vor. WI] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 195 above may be nearly smooth, or may have numerous warts and transverse or longitudinal folds. There are small warts on the upper eyelids, especially posteriorly. The color above, in alcohol, is brown, gray, or olive, with very indefinite darker cloudings on the back and limbs. When most clearly marked there seem to be three dark blotches on the back behind the head, and three cross-bars on the limbs. The upper surfaces of the limbs, the temporal regions, and the upper eyelids are sometimes more or less stained with orange or brick-red. Individual warts may be reddish or blackish. On the hind limbs there often are whitish asperities. In these Loo Choo specimens the toes vary a little in length; but nevertheless it may be said that they constantly bear the relations described by Stejneger. The same proportions are seen in a good series of frogs from Formosa which I recorded under this name.’ None of these Formosan frogs is quite as large as some of the specimens from Okinawa. Otherwise, upon direct comparison, the two series seem to be absolutely alike except in the following particulars: 1. The free dermal margin along the outer edge of the fifth toe is considerably more extensive in the Okinawa specimens. 2. In these speci- mens, also, the web is constantly more extensive than in those from Formosa. 3. In all the specimens from the Loo Choos the dark band which passes through the posterior half of the upper eyelids is broad, and is indefinite behind, while in the Formosan frogs this band is narrower, is sharply limited posteriorly, and has a smaller dark cross-band, blotch, or series of spots immediately behind it. Since these differences are constant in a considerable series of specimens, it is evident that the frogs. of Formosa and of Okinawa must be regarded as distinct, though very closely related, species. The name Rana namiyei must be restricted to the Loo Choo frogs, for it was from Okinawa shima that Stejneger’s type came. What, then, are the frogs from For- mosa? Are they Rana kuhlu or a new species? These ques- tions I shall leave for future consideration. Rana namiyei has been secured only on Okinawa shima. Here it was found in crevices and under the stones of brooks, 4Proc, Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), III, 1909, p. 55, 196 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. in deep and shaded valleys about three miles northeast of Nago. Its croak is a single very loud deep-toned bark. The stomachs of three specimens each contained a fresh-water crab. Babina holsti lives in the same situations, and when these two kinds of frogs were caught they were put into the same collecting bag. The result of this was that several specimens (as Nos. 22807, 22617, 22808) of Rana namiyei were badly wounded by the dagger-frogs. One was cut so deeply that much of the ovaries and small intestine protruded. In life, the color above is olive bronze mottled with black, and beneath it is white mottled with brown. The front of arms, groin, inner surface of calves and the dorsum of the foot are golden brown. The pupil is garnet, rhomboidal, with long axis parallel to the mouth. The iris is golden-edged. From each angle of the pupil a dark band extends to the outer rim of the eye; the posterior is horizontal and broader, the anterior directed downward at forty-five degrees, the superior faintest. The upper half of the iris is tinged with bronze, the lower half is gray, and both show dark reticulations. On May 8th, 1910, some eggs (No. 22675) were found in a little puddle by a brook, and from a crevice leading from this puddle one of the females was taken. Babina Van Denburgh Diagnosis.— Like Rana, but with a large, sheathed, bony spur on inner side of hand in the position of the metacarpal of pollex. Type. Two large frogs from the Loo Choo Islands have been described as Rana holsti Boulenger and Rana subaspera Bar- bour. In the descriptions of both attention was called to the large development of the first metacarpal or rudimentary pollex. The abundant material in the present collection, and the field notes which accompany the specimens, indicate that this structure is so remarkable as to justify the placing of these frogs in a separate genus. What at first sight appears to be an innocent rudiment of a thumb is in reality a most for- midable weapon. Rana holsti Boulenger. Vor. WI] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 197 Mounted upon the inner side of the carpus is a long, curved, sharply pointed bone, which seemingly is the first metacarpal. It is about equal in length to the other metacarpals. This bony spur is completely covered by the soft tissues about it. When, however, pressure is made upon the end of the ‘“‘thumb,” this sheath of soft tissue slips back and leaves the bony weapon Bones of Right Hand of Babina subaspera exposed and ready for use. When one of these frogs is caught, it strives to grasp a finger between its two hands, and when it succeeds—as the first one did—the spurs are driven into the finger down to the bone. Several specimens of Rana namiyet were badly slashed by some B. holsti that were put into the same bag. One received a clean-cut wound forty-five milli- meters long in addition to several minor injuries. One can have only feelings of pity for any snake which might succeed in swallowing one of these dagger-frogs. Both of these frogs have an unusual aggregation of glands above the insertion of the arm. It is probable that the secretion of these glands might often run down into wounds made by the spurs. Babina holsti was found only on Okinawa, while Babina subaspera seems to be peculiar to Amami O shima. Babina holsti (Boulenger) Although described in 1892, Babina holsti has been known only from the unique type specimen, which was collected by Holst in Okinawa. We have now secured an excellent series of this remarkable frog from Nago, Okinawa. 198 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41TH Ser. The specimens agree very well with the original description of this frog, the principal point of discrepancy being that the interorbital space is constantly wider than the upper eyelid. As in B, subaspera, there normally is a large gland above the axilla. B. holsti is a very much smoother frog than B. suba- spera and in it the dermal fold on the external edge of the metatarsus rarely extends more than one-third of the distance between the toes and the tarsus, while in B. subaspera it usually exceeds half this distance. Otherwise I am unable to find any structural differences between them. The general smoothness of one and wartiness of the other, however, render them readily distinguishable, except in a few instances. The coloration of B. holsti is usually browner and darker than that of B. subaspera, and the dark markings—particularly the blackish band from the snout through the eye to the shoulder—are more distinct and definite. In both frogs the fold from the eye to the shoulder may be very distinct, indistinct, or absent. The dorso-lateral fold may be broken up into a mere series of small glands hardly worthy of the term. ‘The outer metatarsal tubercle usually is not developed, but in both forms it is sometimes present as a small rounded pad at the base of the fourth toe. The tibio- tarsal joints may meet or not, but do not overlap; when turned forward they extend to the eye or between the eye and nostril. The tibia may be one-half the length of the head and body, but often is less. The web is not full, two terminal phalanges on the outer and one on the inner side of the fourth toe usually being free, except for the dermal margins. |The vomerine teeth are between and extending behind the choanae. The dia- meter of the tympanum may be three times its distance from the orbit. There may or may not be a whitish pineal spot. The white, pearl-like asperities vary very much in number in both frogs. Some specimens have very few anywhere. The chest may be entirely smooth. Others have them very numerous, so that they are crowded on the warts and over the chest and inner surface of the arms and first fingers. Some- times they are scattered over the chin and upper surface of the head. Vor. II] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 199 The coloration of a living specimen of B. holsti is described thus: The iris is golden above the level of the upper angle of the canthus, mahogany with black reticulations and golden sheen showing through below, rim golden. The pupil is black. Back uniform olive; sides olive brown with a few dark spots. A brown streak from tip of snout, through nostril and eye to temporal region. Lips dark brown with a golden stripe from nostril, below eye, under tympanum to above arm. The dorso- lateral fold is olive like the back, but along its outer edge are a few black blotches. The limbs are brownish olive above, the arms spotted with blackish brown, and the hind limbs with three broad, light-edged bars. The throat is dark brown. The chest is lighter, with gray granules showing through. The belly is dirty white. This frog was found only near Nago, Okinawa. The land east of Nago is very hilly with deep, shaded valleys in which are clear cool brooks, deeply shaded. In crevices of the rocks near the brooks, and in recesses near waterfalls, this frog and Rana nantiyei were prevalent. Fifteen specimens were secured. Babina subaspera (Barbour) Rana subaspera was first described by Barbour, in 1908, from a single specimen “taken in the Riu Kiu Islands, May, 1904 by a Japanese collector of Mr. Alan Owston.” Its: exact place of origin has remained unknown. The collection now at hand contains some thirteen specimens of a large frog from Amami O shima which I believe is identical with Barbour’s species. There are certain points of difference between my specimens and the original description of R. subaspera, but Mr. Barbour, at my request, has been so kind as to re-examine his type specimen—which seems not to be in perfect condition— and writes me that the apparent differences are not real. Thus his specimen agrees with mine in the width of the interorbital space, the webbing of the toes, the length of the tibia, ete. As already stated under the heading B. holsti, this frog seems to be structurally like the preceding species in every respect except in the greater number of warts and the extent of the metatarsal fold. Nevertheless, the series of each at hand prove that we have to do with distinct species. B. subaspera 200 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tu Ser. usually is lighter in coloration than B. holsti; and the dark markings, especially on the head and limbs, are less well-defined. In both species the dorso-lateral folds may be more or less broken up. B. subaspera may be very little (but is always) more warty than some specimens of B. holsti, or it may be so warty as to look almost like a toad. The tympanum sometimes is nearly hidden. The bony spurs do not become firm enough for use until the frog is of considerable size. It was an adult of this species which astonished the collector by clasping his finger between its hands and driving the sharp spurs, one on each side, clear down to the bone. When the spurs are not in use they are completely covered by the skin. Two had eaten fresh-water crabs, and one a land snail. This frog was found only on Amami O shima. About five hundred meters west of the middle of the harbor, and at an al- titude of about one hundred and fifty meters, there are a couple of paddy-fields. The water supply flows from springs that are very cold and come from many deep crevices. In these, B. subaspera holds forth at night with a prolonged, very loud, three-toned croak. Tadpoles were found in the paddy-fields along with Diemictylus. Polypedates schlegelii Giinther This tree-frog was first described, in 1858, from Japanese specimens. Two years later Hallowell described his Polype- dates viridis from a specimen taken on Loo Choo Island, (Oki- nawa). In 1907, Stejneger described specimens from Ishigaki shima under the name of Polypedates owstoni, and in 1908 Boulenger named the Formosan form Rhacophorus mol- trechti. All these tree-frogs, which may be spoken of as the Polypedates schlegelit group, are very closely related. The following remarks are based upon two specimens from Japan proper, fifteen from Amami © shima, forty-six from Okinawa, one-hundred and thirteen from Ishigaki, and nine from Formosa. It may be said at once, that there appear to be no constant structural differences between any of these members of the P. schlegelii group. The two Japanese specimens have no outer Vor. 111] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 201 metatarsal tubercle. This tubercle is slightly developed in one specimen (No. 23753) from Okinawa. There appears to be no difference in the width of the dermal margin of the fingers. In all the members of the group the distance from the tip of the coccyx to the end of the sacral diapophysis is usually less than the width of the head, and greater than the distance from the tip of snout to center of tympanum; but it may be equal to that, or greater, in all except perhaps the Japanese, of which the series at hand is too small to show this variation. In speci- mens from all these localities the heel may reach the posterior border, the middle, or the anterior border of the eye. There seem to be no differences in the vomerine teeth, or the size of the tympanum, digital disks, or web. On the other hand, in both Japanese specimens, when the head is viewed from the side, the nostril appears to be very nearly midway between the eye and the end of the snout, while in a very large majority of the Loo Choo and Formosan examples the nostril is distinctly anterior to this point. When the legs are folded and held at right angles to the axis of the body, the heels do not meet in the specimens from Japan proper, whereas they do meet in 73.4% of the frogs from Amami O shima, 97.8% of those from Okinawa, 99.1% of those from Ishigaki shima, and 88.8% of those from Formosa. As one passes from the north southward, the dark mark- ings on the legs and sides of the body tend to lose the character of reticulations or cloudings (Japan and Amami O shima) and to become discrete dots (Okinawa), spots (Ishigaki), or blotches (Formosa). These dark markings usually are lack- ing in the young, and their character is not constant in the adult Loo Choo specimens, although it probably is in the adults from Formosa. In view of these facts it seems best to retain in use the four names that have been proposed for these tree-frogs, but to regard P. viridis and P. owstoni as subspecies of Polypedates schlegeli. The principal characters of Polypedates schlegelii may be expressed in the following: Diagnosis.—Fingers nearly half webbed ; heel without der- mal appendage; vomerine teeth in two straight, but oblique, 202 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47x Ser. series between, and starting close to, the choanae; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching eye; color above uniform green in life, with dark markings on the legs and sides of body, usually tak- ing the form of reticulations or cloudings; tibio-tarsal joints not meeting when the folded legs are held at right angles to body axis; nostril usually midway between tip of snout and eye. Japan proper. Polypedates schlegelii viridis (Hallowell) Diagnosis.—Like P. schlegelii but with tibio-tarsal joints usually meeting when the folded legs are held at right angles to the body axis; nostril usually nearer to tip of snout than to eye; dark markings on thighs and sides of body either reticula- tions, cloudings, or very numerous small spots. Amami O shima and Okinawa. The tree-frogs of Amami O shima and of Okinawa seem not separable, although those from Okinawa show a greater average difference from true P. schlcgelii than do those of Amami O shima. This subspecies has been partly discussed in considering the Japanese form. No. 23845, an adult, has no vomerine teeth. 2 The specimens were collected at Naze, Amami O shima and at Nago and Naha, Okinawa, in April and May, 1910. Polypedates schlegelii owstoni (Stejneger) Diagnosis——Similar to P. schlegelii viridis but with spots on thighs and sides of body discrete, larger, and less numerous. Ishigaki shima. This form has been commented upon above under head of P. schlegelti. It is probable that the width of the head is greater than the distance from tip of a sacral diapophysis more constantly in this subspecies than in P. schlegelii viridis of the more northern islands; but since this relation is found ina majority of the northern specimens, it is of but little value in classification. The dark spots are absent in young specimens, and are subject to considerable variation in adult ones. Never- theless the difference in the spotting of these two subspecies usually is quite characteristic. In life, the lower surfaces may be either white, cream, or yellow. The groin may be gray, straw or tinged with salmon. ; . VoL. WIJ VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 203 The thigh may be gray, yellowish green, yellow, or salmon. The color above may be yellow green. The young are some- times grayish green. The specimens are all from Ishigaki; no tree-frogs of this group have been taken on Miyako or Iriomote shima. Polypedates moltrechti «(Boulenger) Diagnosis.—Similar to P. schlegelii owstoni, but with dark markings on thighs and sides of body much larger and still less numerous. Formosa. This tree-frog is perhaps smaller when adult than its more northern relatives. The young are without dark markings. The seven adult specimens at hand agree in the characteris- tic blotching of the thighs and sides of body. Occasionally, these dark blotches are so large as to be confluent. As has been said in writing of P. schicgelu, there seem to be no struc- tural differences between this and the other members of the group, but the constancy of the color-difference makes it desirable to regard the Formosan form as a distant species. In life, the color above is light green; the tip of snout olive. The lower surfaces are cream. The inguinal region, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs and legs, the top of foot and the web are pale salmon. This tree-frog was originally secured at Lake Candidje, Nanto district, central Formosa. Its presence at Kosempo, Formosa, has since been recorded by its describer. Our speci- mens were collected at Kosempo and Kanshirei, Formosa. Polypedates eiffingeri (Boettger) This species was first described from a specimen from the Loo Choo Islands. Although the exact place of origin of the type was unknown, Dr. Boettger thought that it came either from Okinawa or Amami O shima; probably the former. We have received no specimens from either of these islands, but have three collected on Ishigaki between May 25 and June Z, 1910: Dr. Boulenger has recorded the presence of this tree-frog at Kanshirei, Formosa, whence we have received a very large series. We have it also from Koshun, Formosa. December 13, 1912. 204 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. The specimens at hand agree very well with the original description, and upon direct comparison there appears to be no difference between the Loo Choo and the Formosan ex- amples. There is considerable individual variation in the large series from Kanshirei. The skin of many specimens is perfectly smooth almost everywhere on the upper surfaces of the head, body, and limbs. In others it is dotted everywhere with little white warts or asperities. Some have these asperities only on the limbs and head, others only on the supraocular regions and sides of head. Every degree of intergradation is found be- tween the smoothest and roughest specimens. The white dots on the feet and arms usually are raised on little warts, but may be level with the rest of the skin. The vomerine teeth normally are in two rounded patches near the choanae; but in several specimens they are in trans- verse series very much as in P. buergeri, but never longer than the interval. A few specimens seem to have no vomerine teeth. In other specimens the teeth are intermediate between these three conditions. One has a single large clump near the median line and no lateral patches. In alcoholic specimens, the color above may be uniform light bluish gray, yellowish or brownish gray, dark brown, or slate, with only a few small dark spots on the sides of the body; or there may be definite dark markings on the back, head, and limbs. There may be an X-shaped blotch between the shoulders, or only spots there and posteriorly, or nearly the whole back may be covered by one large dark blotch. Often there is a dark band across the head, passing over the upper eyelids. The limbs may be cross-barred. There is often, especially in large females, a bright purplish pink suffusion about the dark blotches in the upper surfaces, recalling the coloration of Microhyla fissipes. The lower surfaces may be white or yellow, immaculate or clouded, or sparsely or densely spotted, marbled, or reticulated with dark brown. The rows of white dots along the foot and arm are almost always evi- dent and are very characteristic. One of the Ishigaki specimens, No. 23740, was colored in life as follows :—Iris bronze. Above light gray, a light green- Vor. II] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 205 ish shading forming a V-shaped mark from top of eye- lids backwards. A similar greenish tinge extends backward from the sacral region becoming brighter in the groin, where it shades off into dull yellow. Tympanum brownish with a darker line above. Hind limbs with three faint cross-bars. Throat white, abdomen cream. Between the colors of back and abdomen there are a few brown spots, increasing poster- iorly to form considerable blotches, which are hidden when the limbs are folded in the sitting position. This is the bright coloration when on a whitish surface. When on a leaf, the green spreads to the sides and shoulders. No. 23741, also from Ishigaki, in life was brown above with darker brown markings; yellowish below; groins straw. No. 20087, from Kanshirei, Formosa, while living had the abdomen and sides white, thighs greenish straw, the light color of back and limbs light golden brown. Polypedates japonicus (Hallowell) Originally described from Amami O shima and since re- ported from Okinawa, this species is now at hand from Ishi- gaki and Iriomote, of the Loo Choo group. Boulenger has recorded its presence in Formosa and we have received a series from there. Our material comprises one hundred and seventy-eight specimens from Amami Oshima, thirty-six from Nago, Okinawa, sixty-eight from Ishigaki, seven from Iriomote, and seven from Formosa. Curiously enough this tree-frog was not found in Miyako shima. Careful comparison of this enormous material has failed to develop any differences between the specimens from the various islands of the Loo Choo group. They seem to be quite alike in structure, proportions and coloration. The Formosan specimens lack the definite dark patch or streak on or above the tympanum, having at most a mere trace of it, although it is present in all the Loo Choo specimens. In other respects these Formosan examples are indistinguishable from the Loo Choo frogs, and this difference seems too slight to justify their recognition as a distinct subspecies. 206 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. Polypedates robustus (Boulenger) We have received one specimen of this tree-frog (No. 25043) from Koshun, Formosa. It is so like P. buergeri of Japan that the greater extent of the web between the fingers seems to be the only constant difference. Boulenger’s specimens were from Kankau, Alikang, and Kosempo, Formosa. Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst) Only one Formosan specimen of this tree-frog has been recorded, and this one bears no statement of more definite locality. We have received four specimens from Kanshirei and one from Koshun, Formosa. Both striped and unstriped styles of coloration are shown. In these Formosan examples the vomerine teeth are nearer the choanae, and the dark retic- ulation on the backs of the thighs is much coarser than in Philippine specimens. The general proportions are quite the same. Nevertheless, when larger series are at hand, it may become necessary to regard the Formosan frogs as a distinct subspecies differing from the Philippine in having vomerine teeth nearer the choanae, toes a little less extensively webbed, metatarsal tubercle somewhat larger, and thigh markings coarser. Gekko japonicus (Duméril & Bibron) This species differs from G. swinhonis in the possession of a distinct interdigital web, more numerous dorsal tubercles and fewer enlarged. tubercles near the ear. We have one specimen labeled Eastern Asia, three from Shanghai, eleven from Formosa, two from Ishigaki, thirteen from Naha, Okinawa, twenty-eight from Naze, Amami O shima, and a few from Japan proper. The Formosan speci- mens are from Koshun, Kanshirei and Taihoku. In this considerable series there appears but little varia- tion. The Loo Choo specimens often have smaller chin- shields than the Formosan, and the latter tend to have fewer plates under the fourth toe than the Shanghai specimens. These differences, however, are neither constant nor great enough to warrant the recognition of separate subspecies. Vor. III] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 207 Gekko swinhonis (Gunther) We have five specimens collected by Dr. Thompson at Chefoo, China, August 19 to 29, 1906. These are entirely without webs between the digits, and their enlarged dorsal tubercles are very few, and the tubercles near the ear many, as compared with specimens of Gekko japonicus from Shang- hai, Formosa, and the Loo Choo Islands. There appears to be no constant difference in the chin-shields. Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril & Bibron The collection contains twenty-three specimens of this gecko from Formosa, where they were collected at Tainan, Kohekiryo, Kanshirei, Takao, Anping, Polisia, Koshun, and Ako. From the Loo Choo Islands we have received six from Okinawa, three from Miyako and seventy-four from Ishigaki. It therefore appears that this species is much more common than H. bowringii. We have also twelve specimens from the Pescadores, where they were found under stones on barren hill-sides. Careful comparison has failed to bring to light any dif- ferences in the specimens from these various localities. e Hemidactylus bowringii (Gray) We have received one male (21854) from Miyako, one male (21856) and one female (21855) from Ishigaki, and four males from the following localities in Formosa: 18066 Kan- shirei, 18078 Taipeh, 18079 Taihoku, and 18080 Nanto. There seem to be no important differences between these specimens. They may be readily distinguished from H. fre- natus by the nearly uniform dorsal granulation, longer ter- minal portion of the inner digit, and the median interruption of the series of pores in the males. Hemidactylus marmoratus Hallowell We have received no specimen which agrees with Hallo- well’s description of H. marmoratus although we have one hundred and fifty specimens of various species of Gekkonidae 208 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. from the Loo Choo Islands. Stejneger’s suggestion that Dr. Hallowell may have had a poorly preserved specimen of Gekko japonicus probably is correct. Cosymobotus platyurus (Schneider) The present collections contain no specimens of this gecko, which has been credited to Formosa on the evidence of a sin- gle specimen in the Bergen Museum, said to have been col- lected by Captain von der Ohe in the early sixties. Ptychozoon horsfieldii (Gray) Regarding this lizard Dr. Stejneger writes (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 58, p. 172), “This remarkable species is an inhabitant of the Malayan Peninsula, the Natuna Islands, and Borneo. “A single specimen presented by Mr. Pryer to the British Museum as having been obtained by his Japanese collector in the Riu Kiu [Loo Choo] Islands, is the only one thus far recorded east and north of the region indicated above. As no other collectors have found it in the Riu Kius or the inter- vening regions, I may perhaps be justified in expressing a doubt as to the correctness of the locality. It may be remem- bered that Pryer himself did some collecting in Borneo in 1880, and it is possible that the specimen in question may Ie become mixed up with the Riu Kiu collection.” The large collections now at hand from the Loo Choo Islands and Formosa contain no specimens of this lizard. There can be little doubt that it does not occur in these islands. e Japalura swinhonis Giinther We have received Japaluras from Kagi, Kosempo, Nanto, Tainan, Jenshiko and Kanshirei, Formosa. These all seem to represent but one species. This species has keeled infrala- bials, while the Japaluras of the Loo Choo Islands have smooth infralabials. This character holds in more than 98% of the large series at hand, so we are justified in regarding the Formosan and Loo Choo lizards as distinct species. Vor. III] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 209 In a few specimens the throat is nearly unicolor; in a con- siderable number it is light with converging dark lines; but in most it is dark with light spots or streaks. Japalura swinhonis mitsukurii (Stejneger) I am unable to find any constant point of difference be- tween specimens of Japalura from Botel Tobago, and from Formosa. The differences in proportions which have been suggested as distinguishing characters do not hold good. In the Botel Tobago lizards the width at the superciliaries is con- stantly less than the length of the third toe, but the same pro- portions are to be found in a number of Formosan specimens. Still a majority from the latter locality have the superciliary width greater than the length of the third toe without claw. The number of specimens from Botel Tobago is too small, to enable us to reach any very satisfactory conclusion, and for the present it seems best to regard the Botel Tobago specimens as a doubtful subspecies. Japalura polygonata (Hallowell) We have examined one hundred and nineteen specimens from Naze, Amami O shima, fifteen from Nago and Naha, Okinawa, eight from Miyako, eight from Ishigaki, and six- teen from Funaoke, Iriomote. One hundred and forty-eight of these have no keeling of the infralabials, while a weak keel may be made out in one specimen from Ishigaki and two from Iriomote. Thus in 98% of the Loo Choo specimens the in- fralabials are smooth, while in 98.6% of the Formosan exam- ples they are keeled. These Loo Choo lizards have a definite, though not continuous, row of enlarged scales on the back, separated from the crest row by about two or three rows of smaller scales. In the Formosan species no definite row of this description is to be found, the scales near the dorsal row being more nearly equal in size. The throat in Loo Choo specimens usually is light unicolor or, less frequently, with narrow, dark, converging lines. The Formosan and Botel Tobago specimens have dark throats with whitish markings showing either as spots or as transverse bands. 210 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. Specimens from the southern islands—Ishigaki and Irio- mote—nearly always have a distinct whitish band under the eye. Those from Miyako and the more northern islands usu- ally lack this light band. Thus this band is present in eight from Ishigaki and in sixteen from Iriomote; is absent from eight from Miyako, thirteen out of fifteen from Okinawa, and ninety-two out of one hundred and nineteen from Amami Oshima. Specimens from Iriomote, Ishigaki, and Miyako usually show a distinct light streak along each side of the body, as do most of the Formosan and Botel Tobago Japaluras. This streak usually is absent in specimens from Okinawa and Amami. This is shown in the following table: Licht STREAK Distinct Slight Absent Botel Tobago pce neta et aa ee 2 OTM OSA Mts an sia arate outer 77 10 17 We MITIOMIOES \a2e.5. facia ck ts ayes cic tens 11 5 Ishigakt, .265:, (2 Shaws erotiepppatasnie 4 1 &j Miyako! ve Ps Sicjaae dint steven arene ate stapave 6 2 Okinawaeises. 259 vaadetiass seeas Seek 2 13 ATA eek ace nates = crcvomaeye cis eee 47 72 These data may be arranged in the form of a key, as follows: a—Infralabials keeled; throat usually dark with whitish markings. b—Width at superciliaries usually greater than length of third toe without claw. Formosa. Japalura polygonata. b*—Width at superciliaries not greater than length of third toe without claw. Botel Tobago. Japalura polygonata mitsukuri. a’—Infralabials smooth; throat light, unicolor or with narrow dark lines. bb.—A very distinct whitish band under eye; usually a lateral light band. Ishigaki and Iriomote. Japalura polygonata ishigakiensis. bb*.—No distinct whitish band under eye. c.—Usually a distinct lateral light streak. Miyako. Japalura polygonata miyakensis. c?.—Lateral light streak absent or but slightly developed. Okinawa and Amami, Japalura polygonata polygonata. The three forms from the Loo Choo Islands seem worthy of rank as subspecies. Since Japalura polygonata was origin- ally established from specimens from one of the northern islands, we may regard the lizards of Okinawa and Amami as the typical form, and may name the other two as follows: Vor. II] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 211 Japalura polygonata miyakensis Van Denburgh Diagnosis.—Intralabials smooth; throat light, unicolor or with narrow dark lines; no distinct whitish band under eye; a distinct lateral light streak usually present. Type.—California Academy of Sciences No. 21,353, Miyako, Loo Choo Islands, Japan. Distribution—M1yako shima, Loo Choo Islands, Japan. Japalura polygonata ishigakiensis Van Denburgh Diagnosis—Infralabials smooth; throat light, unicolor or with narrow dark lines; a very distinct whitish band under eye; a lateral light streak usually present. Type.—California Academy of Sciences No. 21,354, Ishigaki, Loo Choo Islands, Japan. Distribution.—Iriomote and Ishigaki, Loo Choo Islands, Japan. Eumeces There are in China two very distinct species of the genus Eumeces. The one characterized by the possession of but one unpaired postmental is E. elegans. The other, which normally has two azygous postmentals, is E. chinensis. The former is represented in Japan, the Loo Choo Islands, the Pescadores and Formosa by a number of species and subspecies which may be spoken of as the Ewmeces elegans group. The latter, E. chinensis, seems to have no representatives in Japan and the northern and central islands of the Loo Choo archipelago, but has close relatives in the southern islands and in Formosa. The Formosan specimens have been regarded as identical with the mainland examples of E. chinensis. The specimens from Miyako, Ishigaki and Iriomote have been described as E. kishinouyet. The members of the E. chinensis group seem everywhere to be less numerous than those of the E. elegans group. We have received only one specimen from China, four from For- mosa, and seven from the southern islands. This material is too limited to give really satisfactory results, but it seems to indicate that both the Loo Choo and the Formosan lizards should be regarded as distinct subspecies. The chief differ- ences are indicated in the Key given below. 212 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. The E. elegans group is to be regarded as made up of three subgroups, as follows :— 1. The Eumeces elegans subgroup, characterized by the presence of a patch of much enlarged scales on the back of the thigh and the absence of a postnasal plate, and including only E. elegans. 2. The Eumeces latiscutatus subgroup, characterized by the absence of a patch of enlarged scales on the back of the thigh and the presence of a postnasal plate, and comprising E. latiscutatus, E. latiscutatus okadae, and E. barbouri. 3. The Eumeces marginatus subgroup, characterized by the absence of a patch of much enlarged scales on the back of the thigh and the absence of:a postnasal plate, and made up of Eumeces marginatus, E. marginatus kikaigensis, E. margina- tus amamiensis, and E. ishigakiensis. The chief differences between these various forms are indicated in the following KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. a.—Only one azygous postmental; a strongly keeled scale behind corner of anus, : b.—A patch of much enlarged scales on back of thigh. No postnasal. (China, Formosa, Pescadores). Eumeces elegans. b*—No patch of much enlarged scales on back of thigh (sometimes slightly enlarged in E. marginatus subgroup). c.—No postnasal. (Loo Choo Islands). d.—Young with two lateral lines separated by about the width of two scales; lower lateral line separated from fore- limb by not more than distance between lateral lines. e——Scales of two middle dorsal rows broader than those of next rows; upper lateral line confined to scales of third row from middorsal line; superciliaries not more than eight. (Okinawa). E. marginatus. e’—Scales of two middle dorsal rows normally not broader than those of next rows; upper lateral line on scales of third and fourth rows from middorsal line; superciliaries not less than eight. f—Normally with twenty-six rows of scales around middle of body. (Amami O shima). E. marginatus amamiensis. f’—Usually with twenty-eight rows of scales around middle of body. (Kikaiga shima). E. marginatus kikaigensis. Vor. III] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 213 d’—Young with three lateral lines; upper two separated by about the width of one scale; second lateral line, from above, separated from fore limb by more than distance between upper and second lateral lines. (Ishigaki shima). E. ishigakiensis. _ c’.—A postnasal present. (Japan proper and Amami O shima). dd.—Scales around middle of body not less than twenty-four. (Japan proper). ee—Scales around body normally twenty-six or twenty- four (rarely 28). (Japan). E, latiscutatus. ee.—Scales around body normally twenty-eight or thirty. (Idzu Seven Islands). E. latiscutatus okadae. zh dd*—Scales around middle of body twenty-two (Amami O shima). E. barbouri. a*—Azygous postmentals normally two; no keeled scale behind corner of vent. bb.—No postnasal; two pairs of nuchals; median dorsal line in young broader. Fifty-four dorsals from parietals to backs of thighs, fourteen scutes under fourth toe. (China). E. chinensis. bb*—Postnasal often present; often three nuchals; median dorsal line in young narrower. ccc.—Forty-eight to fifty-two dorsals from parietals to backs of thighs; fourteen to sixteen scutes under fourth toe; interparietal about twice as long as broad; dorsal and lateral scales spotted or edged with black or dark brown except in position of dorso-lateral light lines of young. E. chinensis formosensis. cec’.—Forty-five to forty-nine dorsals from parietals to backs of thighs; sixteen or seventeen scutes under fourth toe; interparietal much less than twice as long as broad; nearly unicolor or with dark-edged light lines, often dark lateral band. E. kishinouyei. Eumeces latiscutatus (Hallowell) Diagnosis.—One azygous postmental; no patch of enlarged scales on back of thigh; postnasal normally present (rarely absent) ; posterior loreal short, normally touching two labials ; fifteen to eighteen scales under fourth toe; twenty-six (rarely twenty-four or twenty-eight) scales around middle of body; forty-nine to fifty-five on back; young with one median and two lateral light lines; latter narrow, and separated by not less than width of two scales; lower lateral line separated from fore limb by less than distance between lateral lines, and run- ning below the level of top of hind limb and top of ear. 214 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. ‘This species is confined to the large islands which consti- tute Japan proper. We have at hand only eight specimens. Three are from Kobe, Setsu Province, Hondo, the others were secured near Kagoshima, Satsuma Province, Kiusiu. Six have scales in twenty-six rows, one has twenty-four, and one twenty-seven; the scales between the parietals and a line joining the backs of the thighs vary from forty-nine to fifty-five, and the plates under the fourth toe vary from fifteen to eighteen. The frontal touches the frontonasal in only one specimen, but is in contact with three supraoculars in all. All have one postnasal on each side, and one azygous post- mental. There usually is but one pair of nuchals, but two specimens have two additional small plates on one side. The posterior loreals are short and in contact with only two labials, except in two specimens in which they are longer and touch 2-3 and 3-3 labials. There is no patch of enlarged scales on the back of the thigh in any of these Japanese lizards. Eumeces latiscutatus okadae Stejneger Diagnosis.—One azygous postmental; no patch of enlarged scales on back of thigh; postnasal present; posterior loreal short, normally touching two labials; about eighteen scutes under fourth toe; one or two pairs of nuchals; twenty-eight or thirty scales around middle of body. We have received in exchange from the U. S. National Museum one of the original specimens (U. S. N. M. No. 36531) described by Dr. Stejneger. This specimen, which was collected by Okada in Nii shima, Idzu, is now number 27,229 of the Academy’s collection. It has twenty-eight scales around the body, fifty-four between the parietals and the backs of the thighs, eighteen under the fourth toe, seven supra- labials, and one and three nuchals. The frontal is in contact with three supraoculars and the frontonasal. The posterior loreals are short, and touch only two labials each. There is one postnasal on each side. There is no patch of enlarged scales on the back of the thigh. mn Vor. III] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 21 Eumeces barbouri Van Denburgh Diaginosis.—One azygous postmental; no patch of enlarged scales on back of thigh; postnasal present; posterior loreal short, normally touching two labials; fifteen or sixteen plates under fourth toe; twenty-two scales around middle of body; young with one median and two lateral light lines; latter nar- row, and separated by not less than width of two scales; lower lateral line separated from fore limb by less than the distance between the lateral lines, and running below the level of top of hind limb and top of ear. Type-—California Academy of Sciences No. 21545. Amami O shima, Loo Choo Islands, Japan; April 20-30, 1910. Description of the type—Similar to E. latiscutatus. Nasal small, in con- tact with rostral, supranasal, postnasal, and first labial plates. Anterior loreal forming sutures with postnasal, supranasal, prefrontal, posterior loreal, and second labial plates. Posterior loreal longer than high, in con- tact with two (right) or three (left) labials. First labial in contact with rostral, nasal, postnasal, and second labial. Frontal just separated from frontonasal, in contact with three supraoculars on each side. Parietals large, separated by interparietal. One left and two right nuchals. Upper temporal largest. Seven supralabials, the seventh largest. One azygous postmental. Scales smooth, except one behind each corner of vent; twenty- two around middle of body; fifty in a row from parietals to line joining backs of thighs; two middorsal rows slightly enlarged. Median subcaudal row broad. No patch of enlarged scales on back of thigh. Fifteen or sixteen scutes under fourth toe. Hind limb reaching between wrist and elbow. Tail forked at point of regrowth. The color above is nearly uniform light brown, with a few dark brown spots at the bases of the scales posteriorly. A dark brown band extends from the temporal region to the base of the tail, and is edged above and below with lighter brown indications of the lateral light lines. The upper lateral and middorsal lines are evident on the tail. The limbs are brown, the centers of the scales being lighter. The lower surfaces are greenish white, clearer yellowish white on the chin, preanals and midcaudals. A young specimen is black above with two narrow lateral pale blue lines on each side, and a broader middorsal line which bifurcates on the head as in other species of the group. The tail is very bright blue. MCSrSthyitOL ants ers stacyeeieevertae deere eed ste ete he 66 49 mm. Meno the ots tailieiescn setierd apy tates eer seca eye tas 90) % Snouts tovearecin fever comer eter ees cere s ss 13 LOD sis Snout tonforeslimbamurdcnesiseeeee ects si 22 23)0a8 Bore limba da unticeos soe aaa: coacase 19 Si ee Editra clillisri bic aeny op cick voc heather tore aioe eiciaises 28 Denies Base of fifth to end of fourth toe.......... 12 105% Variation.—The smaller specimen differs from the type in having the frontal in contact with the frontonasal, the second loreal touching only two labials on each side, the superposition 216 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4ru Ser. of the first loreal, the presence of two nuchals on each side, and sixteen plates under each fourth toe. The scale counts around the body and along the back are twenty-two and fifty. Distribution.—This lizard was found only on Amami O shima. Remarks.—This lizard must be rather rare; for of eighty- one specimens of this genus taken on Amami O shima only two are of this species, the others being Eumeces marginatus. Eumeces barbouri is practically a Ewmeces latiscutatus with the scales around the middle of the body reduced in number to twenty-two. The presence in the Loo Choo Islands of a close relative of Eumeces latiscutatus is one of the most interesting facts brought out by these collections, since it affords, as I believe, the first definite evidence of a former land-connection between these islands and Japan proper. It is a pleasure to name this lizard in honor of Mr. Thomas Barbour of Harvard University. Eumeces marginatus (Hallowell) Diagnosis —One azygous postmental; no patch of much enlarged scales on back of thigh; no postnasal; posterior loreal long, usually in contact with three supralabials ; sixteen to twenty plates under fourth toe; twenty-six (rarely twenty- eight) scales around middle of body; young with one median and two lateral light lines, the latter narrow and separated by not less than width of two scales, lower lateral line sepa- rated from forelimb by less than distance between lateral lines, and running at about the level of top of hind limb but below top of ear; scales of first row on each side of middorsal line wider than those of next dorsal rows; superciliaries not more than eight; upper lateral line narrow, confined to scales of third row from middorsal line. Variation—We have received only eleven specimens of the Eumeces of Okinawa. All have one azygous postmental, no postnasals, upper temporal largest, frontal in contact with frontonasal and with three supraoculars of each side, seven supralabials, and posterior loreals much longer than high. Both posterior loreals touch three labials except in No. 21641, Vor. III] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 217 in which they are in contact with only two. One specimen has but one pair of nuchals, one has one and three; the others all have three pairs, of which the first are much the largest. The scales around the middle of the body are twenty-six except in one specimen, which has twenty-eight. The scales in a row from the parietals to a line joining the backs of the thighs vary in number from fifty to fifty-seven :—fifty in one specimen, fifty-one in one, fifty-three in five, fifty-four in two, fifty-five in one, and fifty-seven in one. The scales under the fourth toe are sixteen in one specimen, seventeen in one, eighteen in three, nineteen in four, and twenty in two. The superciliaries are eight or seven. The greater breadth of the middorsal rows is nearly constant, being clearly shown by all but one specimen. Distribution.—Typical Eumeces marginatus seems to be confined to Okinawa shima, where it has been taken at Naha and Nago. Remarks.—This lizard of Okinawa is closely related to the subspecies of Amami O shima and Kikaigo shima, and less closely to Ewmeces ishigakiensis. It differs from all these in coloration and in the breadth of the upper rows of dorsal scales. When Hallowell wrote the original description of this species he had specimens from both Amami O shima and Okinawa shima. (‘“Ousima, Japan, and Loo Choo Islands’). There is nothing to indicate either as the type. Stejneger has since stated that the Okinawa specimen should be regarded as the type, the Amami O shima example having been lost. It therefore seems best to regard the Okinawa lizard as the typical Ewmeces marginatus. Eumeces marginatus amaniensis Van Denburgh Diagnosis.—One azygous postmental; no patch of much enlarged scales on back of thigh; no postnasal; posterior loreal long, usually in contact with three supralabials; seventeen to twenty-one plates under fourth toe; twenty-six (rarely twenty- four or twenty-eight) scales around middle of body; young with one median and two lateral light lines, latter broader but separated by not less than width of two scales, lower lateral line 218 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. separated from forelimb by less than distance between lateral lines, and running at about the level of top of hind limb but below top of ear; scales of first row on each side of middorsal line very rarely wider than those of next dorsal rows; super- ciliaries not less than eight ; upper lateral line broader, on scales of third and fourth rows, from middorsal line. Type.—California Academy of Sciences No. 21615. Amami O shima, Loo Choo Islands, Japan; April 26 to May 1, 1910. Description of the type——Nasal small, in contact with rostral, supranasal, anterior loreal, and first labial plates. Anterior loreal forming sutures with nasal, supranasal, frontonasal, prefrontal, posterior loreal, and first and second labial plates. Posterior loreal longer than high, in contact with two (left) or three (right) labials. First labial in contact with rostral, nasal, anterior loreal and second labial. Frontal not separated from fronto- nasal, in contact with three supraoculars on each side. Parietals large, separated by interparietal. Three nuchals. Upper temporal largest. Seven supralabials, the seventh largest. One azygous postmental. Scales smooth, except one behind each corner of vent; twenty-six around middle of body; fifty-four in a row from parietals to line joining backs of thighs; mid- dorsal rows not appreciably enlarged. Median subcaudal row broad. No patch of much enlarged scales on back of thigh. Seventeen to twenty-one scutes under fourth toe. Hind limb reaching wrist. The color above is nearly uniform light brown, more yellowish on the head and tail. A brick-red band runs from the temporal regions along the side of the neck and body. The lower surfaces are greenish or yellowish white. Ten gta POVAN US vais svacdvace aretare. teen Bo etere ee eter naeraeret as 85 mm. Teen othy Ob taile ss: « ‘Acadi Scise so... ni « 230 34 264 Suishako, ‘Formosa Gal? Acad. (Scie ncis.ccuuns. 219 41 260 Kosempo, Formosa Twelve specimens of C. macclellandii from Continental Asia have counts as follows: BS YLGIS he evs Riel = ehejenets peers) ere 212 28 240 Boulenger Assam MA Maeda a age ees ores Sunrise ees 219 28 247 a Pegu ee hee eeaee 215 26 241 em Mts. N. Kiu Kiang Beaty aks taatol shesegnys tana 212 32 244 us S. China spas atersher te! ef fale iene 214 28 242 , Nepal SS Eee Oa ro eicieie) 231 25 256 s Nepal Kethanaiersveye.siaiveonste Sie LO. 30 240 ne Darjeeling Eee are!) 30 240 : Darjeeling yy bel cties oteta et aie s 182 28 210 on Darjeeling St Re er _heRelfere hens civt ancien es 193 36 229 aA Fokien, China Pe een, Gay Cn tercie a hee 208 33 241 Gunther India Gals, AGA Serco ct si ciee are wie wie, ene te teleeiate Sikkim, India Distribution.—This snake seems to be restricted to the island of Formosa, where it has been taken at Shinchiku, Suishako and Kosempo. The continental species, C. macclellandii, has been found from India to Fokien, China. This species is named for Robert Swinhoe who sent the first specimen to the British Museum. Hemibungarus japonicus (Ginther) We have received four specimens of Hemibungarus from Amami O shima. Numbers 22063 and 22089 have only the middorsal black line without any indication of lateral lines. No. 22090 has, in addition to the central dorsal line which ends on the basal third of the tail, a few blackish dots along the adjacent borders of the third and fourth rows of scales. No. 14987 shows the midline and a narrow, though very dis- tinct, trace of a lateral line on the third and fourth rows of scales. The blackish rings on the body are fourteen in two specimens, and thirteen in two; and two and three on the tail. No. 22063 has only twenty-seven urosteges; otherwise the scale-counts are within the known range of this form. CAL ACS Scr) = GasTROs- Uros- Supra- Pre-Post TEMpP- No. SCALES TEGES TEGES LABIALS OcuLars ORALS 14987 13 215 31 G-T -2 141 22063 13 202 27 TT, 1-2 1+1 22089 13 206 30 7-7 1-2 141 22090 13 205 30 fats 1-2 141 Vor. II] VAN DENBURGH—REPTILES—CHINA, JAPAN, FORMOSA 257 Including those mentioned above, twelve specimens are known to have been taken on Amami O shima. Of these, six have only the median dorsal black line; five have a lateral line on the third and fourth row of scales of each side, more or less clearly indicated ; one, examined by Dr. Wall, had indi- cations of another line on each side, making five lines as in A. boettgeri, but much narrower and less intense. No. 22063 contained the remains of an Achalinus (No. 22065) which it had eaten. Hemibungarus boettgeri (ritze) We have received two specimens of this snake, but, unfor- tunately, neither bears an exact locality-label. Both were purchased in Kyoto, Japan, and one is labeled ‘Formosa ?”’ while the other is from the Loo Choo Islands. The latter, No. 16470, has 221 gastrosteges, and eighteen dorsally complete black rings on the body with two on the tail. There can be no doubt that the specimen labeled “Formosa?” also came from the Loo Choos. It has two small maxillary teeth, 207 gastro- steges, 29 urosteges, 13 scale rows, and 13 body rings. The only difference between Hemibungarus boettgeri and H. jap- onicus is found in the number and character of the longitudinal black lines. Although it has been shown that H. japonicus may have either one, three or five lines, these lines seem always to be much narrower and less intense than in H. boettgeri. Thus far, all (ten) specimens of the H. bocttgeri type of color- ation which have any definite locality assigned, have been se- cured in Okinawa, while all the (twelve) definitely labeled H. japonicus have come from Amami O shima. It would seem, therefore, that the Henuibungarus of Okinawa is differ- ent from that of Amami O shima, and that they must be recog- nized as distinct species until more definitely intermediate specimens are discovered. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FouRTH SERIES Vou. III, pp. 259-264 DECEMBER, 21, 1912 NOTES ON ASCAPHUS, THE DISCOGLOSSOID TOAD OF NORTH AMERICA BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH Curator of the Department of Herpetology More than twelve years have passed since Dr. Stejneger’ an- nounced the discovery of a single specimen of a costate toad— the first representative of the Discoglossidae found anywhere in the Western Hemisphere. During these twelve years there has appeared no additional information regarding this ex- tremely interesting toad; and there has been some room for suspicion that the original specimen might, in some way, have been brought over from the Old World. The finding of addi- tional specimens, therefore, is a matter of much interest. The type specimen described by Dr. Stejneger was caught by Mr. Cloud Rutter, August 19, 1897, near Humptulips, Che- halis County, Washington. This locality has an elevation of about 265 feet. In 1905, my friend Dr. E. C. Van Dyke visited Mt. Rainier, in the Mt. Rainier National Park in the eastern part of Pierce County, Washington, and, between July 15 and 31, col- lected for me five specimens of amphibians. These were one Rana pretiosa, one Ambystoma macrodactylum, one Chondro- tus paroticus, the unique type of Plethodon vandykei, and a single specimen of Ascaphus truei. Unfortunately, all these specimens were destroyed in the great San Francisco fire of “aProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1899, pp. 899-901, pl. LXXXIX. December 20, 1912 260 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [ Proc. 4rH Ser. April, 1906. The Ascaphus was secured on the southeast side of Mt. Rainier, in the vicinity of Reflection Lake, at an altitude of about 4861 feet. In 1911, it became possible to send Mr. Slevin on a collect- ing trip through western California, Oregon, and Washing- ton, and I requested him to look most carefully for Ascaphus both at Humptulips and on Mt. Rainier. At Humptulips, late in July, he was unsuccessful, but on Mt. Rainier, in the middle of August, he secured three specimens of this toad. He has given me the following notes regarding their capture: “On August 16 and 17, I took three specimens of Ascaphus on the southwest side of Mt. Rainier, in what is known as In- dian Henry’s Hunting Grounds, at about 6000 ft. elevation. All three were found on bright sunny mornings between 10 :30 and noon, in a small slow-flowing stream. The one first taken jumped out of the brush into a small pool about four feet wide. five or six feet long, and two or three feet deep. It swam for a few seconds, just as a toad does; and when I attempted to catch it with my forceps, it went to the bottom and settled just like a frog—remaining perfectly motionless, its color blending with the color of the rocks and earth at the bottom of the pool. The second one I noticed in the same place, and I first saw him swimming about the middle of the pool just as I stepped down on the bank. While I was attempting to capture this specimen a third one jumped into the pool from the bank directly oppo- site me and went straight to the bottom. I collected both of these specimens, but a careful search and beating of brush in the vicinity failed to discover any more. All three specimens were kept in a tin can, well punctured for ventilation, but thev died within ten or twelve hours after capture.” These specimens are now numbers 30393, 30394 and 30395 of the Academy’s collection. All appear to be adult males with enlarged testes and very large pads on the inner surface of the carpus. They measure from snout to anus: (No. 30394) 40 mm., (No. 30393) 41 mm., and (No. 30395) 42 mm. The skin is nearly smooth in No. 30395, which has only a few warts over the pelvis and femur; but is moderately rough in No. 30394, which has warts or small tubercles scattered over the entire upper surface and sides of the head and body, and the upper surface of the arm, thigh, and leg. The para- Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH—NOTES ON ASCAPHUS 261 toid gland is not strongly developed, but may be made out as a glandular postocular ridge descending along the side of the neck. By far the most remarkable external feature of these toads is the tail! This is well-developed in the three specimens at hand, and was present also in the one collected by Dr. Van Dyke (No. 6907). It extends back from six to eight milli- meters from the posterior surface of the thighs, is about four millimeters wide, and about three and a half deep at its base. The cloaca is continued from its usual position into this struc- ture, and ends in a large, swollen orifice just in front and be- low the tip of the “tail.” This structure, at first glance, sug- gests that the specimens were but recently transformed, but the ossification of the skeleton and the development of the testes show that they are adult. It is possible that this “‘tail’’ may be a sexual organ. The pupil is vertical. No tympanum can be distinguished. The small round patches of vomerine teeth are between the anterior part or middle of the choanae, and are about equi- distant from the internal edges of these openings and from each other. ‘The tongue is very broadly attached, but is slightly free all around its edge. The hind foot has one rounded tubercle at the base of the first toe. On the lower surface of the carpus are three pads— a very large inner one, and a small one on the base of each of the two outer metacarpals. The coloration is dull grayish or brownish slate above, with a light gray band, bordered behind with blackish brown, cross- ing the head over the anterior halves of the upper eyelids. There is a blackish streak from the snout to the eye and from the eye along the paratoid. Some irregular black markings may be made out on the sides, back, and limbs, with a tendency to form longitudinal streaks. The “tail” has a light dorsal stripe, bordered on each side by dark brown streaks. Most of the warts are lighter than the ground color. The lower sur- faces are yellowish white clouded with slate. There is a row of white dots along the rim of the lower jaw. No. 30393, which was intermediate in size and roughness of skin, has been prepared as a skeleton. The following notes were made before this was done, and the skin has been pre- 262 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. served. The heels cross by the width of the tarsus. The ex- tended heel reaches the anterior border of the eye. The limb tubercles, web, paratoid, etc., are as in No. 30394. Measure- ments are: SnowtitoranuS:.2- 6 serescne.coce eee ecetee een ae 41. mm. Snout to: base ‘of Stal?s oiiisc.ccesemcnidtecs veces S/n Ss SUParleb ayn aes oe ay ae tae oh Mts Cte e eee 8. Wiadthofd Hea dives. cicrslenecousvatercteyetaretesrresets sete eitieis ere 13:5 Eaarid: ‘lim bid cw. Fe os sive a teaenee che paar eer teste eicreiatats 52. Heel to tip-of longest £00. ..4).\.!ccxe12 ayeroe shevercves en eis os There are ten vertebrae, of which the first is the atlas and the tenth the sacrum. ‘The vertebrae are opisthocoelous. The first vertebra has no diapophyses. All the other vertebrae have diapophyses, those of the fifth being shortest. The extreme widths of the vertebrae and lengths of ventral surface of cen- tra are: 1 vertebra 2.55 mm. wide, 15 long 2 ig 4.25 ¢ AoW alt 3 4.25 ull 4 4.75 | : 5 3.6 1D ss 6 42 WA a 7 4. 1.4 8 4. . 1.5 ce 9 S 4. S 15 oy 10 - 6. 8 as The sacral diapophyses increase in breadth from .7 to 1.5 mm. The coccyx -is subcylindrical, with a dorsal ridge. It is 8.4 mm. long, .7 mm. in diameter near the middle, and 1 mm. at the ends. A pair of small diapophyses increase its breadth near the sacrum to 2.1 mm. The diapophyses of the second, third, and fourth vertebrae bear short ribs. The ribs attached to the third vertebra are longest, measuring 1.5 mm. Those on the second vertebra are .75 mm. long; while those of the fourth vertebra are only about .25 mm. in length. The skull is 12 mm. long, and 12 mm. wide. It articulates with the atlas by means of two condyles, which are about twice as broad as high, are borne by the exoccipital, and border the foramen magnum inferiorly. The fronto-parietals are 7 mm. long, narrow, well ossified, and completely separated by a Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH—NOTES ON ASCAPHUS 263 fontanelle. The prefrontals are fairly large, and touch the fronto-parietals. The quadrate is rather small. The squa- mosal and pterygoid are well-developed. The inner process of the pterygoid reaches the anterior surface of the auditory cap- sule, while the anterior process passes forward with the maxilla to meet the palatine. The parasphenoid extends for- ward anterior to the palatines; its lateral processes are well- developed, and reach nearly to the border of the large fora- mina in the auditory capsules. These capsules extend laterally 3.5 mm. from the mid-line of the skull; each displays at the posterior and inferior aspect of its lateral portion a foramen 1 mm. in diameter, covered by a delicate membrane, the fenestra ovalis. The membrane, however, may be heavily covered with a deposit of the chalky material which is found in the cavity of the auditory capsule. I have not found any evidence of eustachian tubes. The lower jaw is entirely with- out teeth. The upper jaw bears a series of very small teeth. There are two small rounded patches of vomerine teeth. The shoulder girdle is arciferous, the right side lying on the ventral surface of the left. The clavicles are well ossified, but little curved, and meet medially. There appears to be no omo- sternum. The coracoids are rather short (3 mm.) with ex- panded ends. The precoracoid cartilages are narrow, but the epicoracoid expansions are very broad. The scapula is rather small, completely ossified, and broadly fused with the clavicle. The suprascapula is composed of two portions: an anterior bony bar 4.5 by 1 mm., narrowing to .6 mm. at its middle; and a broad cartilaginous plate, 5.5 by 4 mm. in greatest di- mensions, bordering the bony bar above and posteriorly. The metasternum has been injured in preparing the speci- men, but it appears to have been a simple transverse bar of cartilage. The humerus is 10.5 mm. long. It bears a very strong proximal crest, and the condyloid ridges are so largely de- veloped that the breadth of the humerus in this region is 3 mm., while in the middle of the shaft it is only 1 mm. The radius and ulna are completely fused into a single bone 7 mm. long. The carpus is composed of an ulnare, a radiale, a radial and an ulnar centrale, and four distal carpals. 264 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. ‘here are four well-developed metacarpals, of which the external one articulates with the ulnar centrale, while the others are borne by the distal carpalia. The four digits are made up of 2, 2, 3, and 3 straight phalanges. The terminal phalanges taper to rounded ends. The ilia are very slender. They measure 9.5 mm. long, .7 mm. wide and .5 mm. thick. The posterior end of the ilium is much enlarged, and forms about the anterior upper half of the acetabulum, the remainder being supplied by the ischium. The acetabulum is not completely closed. At the interior and ventral aspect of the pelvis, at the lower margin of the sutures between the ilia and ischia, are two thin plates of calcified cartilage about 1.5 mm. in diameter, which probably represent the pubes. The femur is very slender. Its length is 15 mm., and its least diameter is 1 mm. It bears a strong proximal keel. ‘The tibio-fibula is 16.5 mm. long by .9 mm. in diameter near its center, but broadens at the ends to 2.4 mm. The tarsus is formed of the usual proximal and distal por- tions. The former comprises the astragalus and calcaneum, about 9 mm. long, which are fused for a distance of 2 mm. proximally and 1 mm. distally. These bones are quite slender. The more distal tarsal bones are four in number—one at the end of the astragalus, one bearing the same relation to the caleaneum, a smaller one between these, and a still smaller one at the base of the first metatarsal. There are five metatarsals corresponding to the five toes. Beginning with the inner one, the toes are composed of 2, 2, 3, 4, and 3 straight, somewhat tapering phalanges. The hyoid is well developed, has long anterior processes, and is shaped as shown in the accompanying cut. The alimentary canal of this specimen contained a small bright red spider and the remains of two beetles of different species. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Vot. III, pp. 265-390, pls. 15, 16 Aueusr 28, 1913 A DISTRIBUTIONAL LIST OF THE MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA BY JOSEPH GRINNELL Director of the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology The compilation of the following list of the mammals of California has proved well worth while as a help in work with the collections in the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. It is believed that its publication now will find justification in its resulting usefulness in other ways—wherever, in fact, a clue to the described species is desired. The literature of the subject is widely scattered, and an index to it, so far as Cali- fornia is concerned, has been practically wanting. The present contribution is intended to meet, in part at least, this need. It must be urged upon the casual enquirer that, at the pres- ent stage in the systematic study of California mammals, the status of the various forms as here given can in scarcely any case be accepted as final. Only a few genera have been given critical study upon the basis of material at all satisfactory. Osgood’s Revision of the Mice of the American Genus Pero- myscus (1909) may be cited as the best example of such mono- graphic treatment. Not until each group has been subjected to similar analysis, and especially so with regard to limited areas such as that comprised within the state of California, can the status and distribution of the more slightly differentiated forms be considered as satisfactorily established. In including species and subspecies, the writer has in the great majority of cases followed the conclusions of the original describers. Where genera have been formally revised, the de- August 26, 1913. 266 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH SER. cisions of the reviser have been accepted. This has been the rule; but in a few instances, where the material at hand has seemed adequate, and where a sufficient amount of study has been accorded it to warrant, as it might seem, an independent opinion, this has been offered. Thus certain current names will be found synonymized, and other names not generally recog- nized are given full standing. It is quite probable that to the present list a number of forms are admitted, which subsequent collections and studies will show to be untenable. This is particularly likely in the Heter- omyidae. On the other hand, there doubtless remain many species and subspecies yet to be discovered and named; so that in time the total number of mammals known to belong to California is likely to remain undiminished. The point to be emphasized is that, both as regards the stand- ing of the species of our region, and as regards their distribu- tion, systematic mammalogy is in a formative stage. A very great amount of field-work and critical study must be done to bring mammalogy to the plane already reached in ornithology. The system of entry adopted in the following list is simple. Of the higher groups only Orders and Families are given. The scientific name here adopted for the species is given in bold- face, followed by the authority. A vernacular name has been selected—in many cases with difficulty, as is admitted. In nearly every case the “original description” has been verified from its original source. In the few instances where the cita- tion is given within quotation marks, the citation is at second- hand, that is, the original has not been seen by the writer. The type locality is usually just as given in connection with the original description; sometimes it is modified somewhat to make it more intelligible, for example, by giving the name of the county or of the nearest large town; and occasionally cor- rections have been necessary. The “synonyms” are any other names—aside from those appearing in the heading and in the citation following “orig- inal description’—that have been applied to the species as occurring within the state of California. Where a name now considered synonymous with the accepted one, was based upon a specimen from California, the full citation and type locality are given. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 267 The “range”’ of each species is given briefly, but as accurately as our present state of zoogeographical knowledge makes pos- sible. In the case of land mammals, ranges are stated, wher- ever practicable, in terms of life-zones and faunal areas. Exact localities are named only where they are believed to mark points somewhere near the extreme limits of distribution. Au- thorities for the information included in the statement of range are always given whenever precise data of any sort are avail- able. In all cases where the abbreviation “Mus. Vert. Zool.” appears, specimens indicating the stated range, either entirely or in part, are contained in the California Museum of Verte- brate Zoology. The accompanying map of the life-zones of the state has been compiled primarily from data on file in the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Use has been made also of informa- tion from many published botanical papers. Professor Harvey M. Hall of the University of California has kindly made a number of corrections based upon his knowledge of plant- distribution in the state. It is almost superfluous to state here that the employment of the life-zone concept in defining ranges of animals as well as of plants, owes its beginning to the re- searches of the foremost mammalogist of America, C. Hart Merriam. It is a matter of credit to him that the farther we carry our studies in distribution, the more they align them- selves in support of the laws formulated by him. The map of the faunal districts of the state is offered not at all as a final exposition of this order of distributional be- havior, but as a help in designating the ranges of the mammals. The boundaries as given are of course merely approximate; and even the areas themselves, as here outlined, will doubtless receive extensive modification on the basis of further geo- graphical study. The present list was concluded to date, in August, 1912. Since then appeared Gerrit S. Miller’s important List of North American Land Mammals in the United States National Museum, 1911 (published December 31, 1912). The writer thereupon changed the order in the California list to accord with Miller's, and also made a number of changes in generic and family names in accordance with some of the decisions of the same authority. 268 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [ Proc. 4TH Ser. The writer here wishes to express his appreciation of the cordial assistance rendered in various ways by Mr. John Rowley, Curator of Mammals in the California Academy of Sciences. Acknowledgments are also due Mr. Walter P. Taylor, of the staff of the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, for correcting several errors in the manuscript. To summarize: according to the present enumeration 337 species of mammals are accredited to California and the adja- cent ocean. Eight Orders are represented, thirty-one Families, and eighty-nine Genera. Order INSECTIVORA Family TALPIDAE Scapanus townsendi (Bachman) Oregon Mole Original description—Scalops townsendii Bachman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, pt. 1, 1839, pp. 58-60. Type locality—Fort Vancouver, Clarke County, Washing- ton (fide True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19, 1896, p. 63). Synonym—Townsend Mole. Range—Boreal and Transition zones in extreme northern humid coast belt, south to Cuddeback, Humboldt County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Scapanus orarius True Northwest Coast Mole Original description—Scapanus orarius True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19, December, 1896, p. 52. Type locality—Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County, Washing- ton. Range—Boreal and Transition zones in extreme northern humid coast belt, south as far as Cuddeback, Humboldt County (Mus. Vert. Zool.), and Mendocino, Mendocino County (Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, 1903, p. 197). Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 269 Scapanus latimanus latimanus (Bachman) Central California Mole Original description—Scalops latimanus Bachman, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., 4, January, 1842, pp. 34, 35. Type locality—Probably Santa Clara, Santa Clara County, California (fide Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, 1907, p. 52). Synonyms—Scalops californicus Ayres, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 1, 1855, p. 54 (type from San Francisco, California) ; Scapanus californicus, part; Scapanus townsendi, part; Sca- panus californicus minusculus Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, 1, July 31, 1899, p. 70 (type from Fyffe, Eldorado County, California) ; Broad-palmed Shrew-mole. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones of west-cen- tral California, east to include the Sierra Nevada and as far as Independence, Inyo County, north to Shasta County, south to San Luis Obispo County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Scapanus latimanus occultus Grinnell and Swarth Southern California Mole Original description—Scapanus latimanus occultus Grinnell and Swarth, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, April 13, 1912, p. 131. ‘ Type locality—Santa Ana Canyon, 400 feet altitude, Orange County, California. Synonyms—Scapanus californicus, part; Scapanus lati- manus, part; Scapanus anthonyi; Scapanus californicus an- thonyi; Anthony Mole. Range—Southern California, west of the desert divides, south of the 35th parallel, hence chiefly in the San Diegan dis- trict; ranges from Lower Sonoran zone to Boreal (Mus. Vert. Zool): Scapanus latimanus truei Merriam Modoc Mole Original description—Scapanus truci Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, April 26, 1897, p. 102. Type locality—Lake City, Modoc County, California. 270 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. Synonym—Scapanus californicus truet. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in the Modoc region of northeastern California, east at least as far as Sis- son, Siskiyou County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Neurotrichus gibbsi major Merriam Large Shrew-Mole Original description—Neurotrichus gibbsi major Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, October 28, 1899, p. 88. Type locality—Carberry Ranch, 4100 feet altitude, between Mount Shasta and Mount Lassen, Shasta County, California. Synonyms—Neurotrichus gibbsi, part; Gibbs Mole, part. Range—High Transition and Boreal zones on Mount Shasta, and at the type locality, as above (Merriam, supra Cit). Neurotrichus gibbsi hyacinthinus Bangs California Shrew-Mole Original description—Neurotrichus gibbsi hyacinthinus Bangs, Amer. Nat., 31, March, 1897, pp. 240, 241. Type locality—Nicasio, Marin County, California. Synonyms—Neurotrichus gibbsi, part; Hyacinthine Shrew- Mole; Gibbs Mole, part. Range—Transition and Boreal zones in the northwest humid coast belt from the Humboldt Bay region south as far as Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County, and Portola, San Mateo County (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 8, 1896, p. 269). Family SORICIDAE Sorex vagrans vagrans Baird Wandering Shrew Original description—Sorex vagrans (Cooper MS) Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, pp. 15-18, pl. 18, figs. 5, 6. Type locality—Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County, Washing- ton. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 271 Range—Upper Sonoran, Transition and Boreal zones in the northwestern portion of the state, east to Shasta County, and south as far as Monterey (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, 1895, p. 68; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sorex vagrans amoenus Merriam Sierra Nevada Shrew Original description—Sorex amoenus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, December, 1895, pp. 69, 70. Type locality—Mammoth Pass, 10,000 feet altitude, east slope Sierra Nevada, Mono County, California. Range—Transition and Boreal zones on the Sierra Nevada, at least from Mono County north to Mount Shasta (Merriam, supra cit., and N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 87; Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Sorex halicoetes Grinnell Salt Marsh Shrew Original description—S orex halicoetes Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, March 20, 1913, pp. 181-184. Type locality—Salt Marsh near Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, California. Range—Salt marshes bordering the south arm of San Fran- cisco Bay, at least from Belmont, San Mateo County, around to Melrose, Alameda County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sorex obscurus obscurus Merriam Dusky Shrew Original description—Sorex obscurus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, December, 1895, pp. 72, 73. Type locality—Timber Creek, 8200 feet, Salmon River Mountains, Idaho (see Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5, 1891, p. 34). Range—Boreal zone along the Sierra Nevada, from Shasta County to Olancha Peak, Tulare County (Merriam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). 272 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. Sorex montereyensis montereyensis Merriam Monterey Shrew Original description—Sorex montereyensis Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, December, 1895, p. 79. Type locality—Monterey, Monterey County, California. Range—Transition and Upper Sonoran zones in the north- ern and central coast districts, from the Oregon line south as far as Morro, San Luis Obispo County (Merriam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sorex montereyensis mariposae Grinnell Yosemite Shrew Original description—Sorex montereyensis mariposae Grin- nell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, March 20, 1913, pp. 189, 190. Type locality—Yosemite Valley at 4000 feet altitude, Mari- posa County, California. Synonyms—Sorex montereyensis, part; Monterey Shrew, part. Range—tTransition zone along west slope of Sierra Navada, at least from Siskiyou County to Tulare County; also on the Warner Mountains, Modoc County (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Mer- riam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, 1895, p. 79). Sorex ornatus Merriam Adorned Shrew Original description—Sorex ornatus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, December, 1895, pp. 79, 80. Type locality—San Emigdio Canyon, Mount Pinos, in Kern ° County, California. ; Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in the San Diegan district and included mountain ranges, from the Mexi- can line northwest to Mount Pinos and Fort Tejon, in Ventura and Kern counties (Merriam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sorex californicus californicus Merriam California Shrew Original description—Sorex californicus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, December, 1895, pp. 80, 81. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 273 Type locality—Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County, Cali- fornia. Range—Upper Sonoran zone of west-central California along inner coast ranges and in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay, north to Rumsey, Yolo County, east to Byron, Contra Costa County, and south to near Los Banos, Merced County (Merriam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sorex sinuosus Grinnell Suisun Shrew Original description—Sorex sinuosus Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, March 20, 1913, pp. 181, 187. Type locality—Grizzly Island, near Suisun, Solano County, California. Range—Brackish marshes of Grizzly Island, Suisun Bay, Solano County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 7 Sorex shastensis Merriam Shasta Shrew Original description—Sorex shastensis Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, October 28, 1899, p. 87. Type locality—Wagon Camp, 5700 feet altitude, Mount Shasta, Siskiyou County, California. _ Range—Boreal zone of Mount Shasta; only the type, as above, recorded. Sorex tenellus tenellus Merriam Inyo Shrew Original description—Sorex tenellus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, December, 1895, p. 81. Type locality—Summit of Alabama Hills near Lone Pine, Owens Valley, Inyo County, California. Range—Known only from the type locality, as above. 274 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Sorex tenellus lyelli Merriam Mount Lyell Shrew Original description—Sorex tenellus lyelli Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 15, March 22, 1902, p. 75. Type locality—Mount Lyell, Tuolumne County, California. Range—Known only from the type locality, as above. Sorex tenellus myops Merriam White Mountains Shrew Original description—Sorex tenellus myops Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 15, March 22, 1902, p. 76. Type locality—White Mountains, Inyo County, California. Range—Known only from the type locality, as above. Sorex pacificus Baird Pacific Shrew Original description—Sorex pacificus Baird, in Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., 3, 1877, p. 650. Type locality—Fort Umpqua, mouth of Umpqua River, Douglas County, Oregon. Range—Transition and Boreal zones in the northwest humid coast belt: Humboldt Bay region and south as far as Point Reyes, Marin County (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, 1895, p. 87; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Neosorex palustris navigator Baird Navigator Shrew Original description—Neosorex navigator (Cooper, MS) Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, pp. 11, 12, pl. 26. Type locality—Unknown; possibly northern Idaho (fide Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, 1895, p. 92). Synonyms—Sorex palustris navigator; Water Shrew. Range—Chiefly in the Boreal zone, on the Sierra Nevada, from Whitney Meadows, Tulare County, north to Mount Shasta, and on the Warner Mountains, Modoc County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). i) ~I n Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA Neosorex bendirei bendirei (Merriam) Bendire Shrew Original description—‘Atophyrax bendirti Merriam, Trans. Linn. Soc. New York, 2, August, 1884, pp. 217-225.” Type locality—Near Williamson River, 18 miles southeast of Fort Klamath, Klamath County, Oregon (fide Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, 1895, pp. 95-97). Synonym—Sorex bendiret. Range—tTransition and Boreal zones in the humid north- west coast belt: Humboldt Bay region south to Gualala, Men- docino County (Merriam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Notiosorex crawfordi crawfordi Baird Desert Shrew Original description—Sorex (Notiosorex) crawfordi Baird, in Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., 3, 1877, pp. 6515) 652. Type locality—El Paso, Texas (fide Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, 1895, p. 32). Synonyms—Crawford Shrew; Gray Shrew; Sorex craw- fordi. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in the San Diegan district, from the Mexican line north at least to San Bernardino and Colton (Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, p. 255; Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Order CHIROPTERA Family PHYLLOSTOMIDAE Macrotus californicus Baird California Leaf-nosed Bat Original description—Macrotus californicus Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., May, 1858, pp. 116, 117. Type locality—Fort Yuma, Imperial County, California. Synonyms—Macrotus waterhousei; Otopterus californicus. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado desert, northwest to near Torres, Riverside County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Apparently absent during midwinter (see Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, pp. 276, 277). 276 CALIFORNIA AGADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41TH SER. Family VESPERTILIONIDAE Myotis velifer (J. A. Allen) Cave Bat Original description—V espertilio velifer Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, December, 1890, p. 177. Type locality—Santa Cruz del Valle, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Range—Lower Sonoran zone near Colorado River: Needles, San Bernardino County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Myotis occultus Hollister Hollister Bat Original description—M yotis occultus Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, March 10, 1909, pp. 43, 44. Type locality—West side of Colorado River ten miles above Needles, San Bernardino County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone: valley of the Colorado River from near Needles (as above) to near Yuma (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Myotis lucifugus longicrus (True) Long-legged Bat Original description—Vespertilio longicrus True, Science, 8, December 24, 1886, p. 588. Type locality—Puget Sound, Washington. Synonyms—V espertilio albescens, part; True Bat; Long- shanked Bat. Range—Transition and high Upper Sonoran zones through- out northern California and south along the Sierra Nevada and coast ranges to the San Jacinto and Cuyamaca mountains (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13, 1897, p. 65). Myotis yumanensis yumanensis (H. Allen) Yuma Bat Original description—Vespertilio ‘yumanensis H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 7, June, 1864, p. 58. Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA DT ~ Type locality—Fort Yuma, Imperial County, California. Synonym—V espertilio albescens, part. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones throughout south- ern California, both east and west of the desert divides; north through Owens Valley and through the San Joaquin and Sac- ramento valleys at least as far as Oroville, Butte County (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13, 1897, p. 67). Proba- bly migratory. Myotis yumanensis saturatus Miller Miller Bat Original description—M yotis yumanensis saturatus Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13, October, 1897, p. 68. Type locality—Hamilton, Skagit County, Washington. Range—tTransition and Boreal zones in extreme northwest- ern California, west to Cuddeback, Humboldt County (Mus. Vert. Zool.), east to Mount Shasta (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 89). Myotis californicus californicus (Audubon and Bachman) Little California Bat Original description—V espertilio californicus Audubon and Bachman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, 1842, pp. 285, 286. Type locality—California. Synonyms—V espertilio oregonensis (?); Vespertilio nitidus H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., April, 1862, pp. 247, 248 (type from Monterey); Vespertilio albescens melano- rhinus. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones almost throughout the state west of the desert divides, including the San Diegan district, the Santa Barbara Islands, and both the Sierra Nevada and coast ranges. Myotis californicus pallidus Stephens Stephens Little Pallid Bat Original description—M yotis californicus pallidus Stephens, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, June 13, 1900, p. 153. Type locality—Vallecito, eastern San Diego County, Cali- fornia. 278 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. Synonym—M yotis californicus, part. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on Colorado and Mohave deserts, north to Owens Valley (Mus. Vert. Zool.). It is not improbable that the above name will have to be replaced by some one of H. Allen’s earlier names. Myotis orinomus Elliot La Grulla Brown Bat Original description—Myotis orinomus Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, June, 1903, p. 228. Type locality—La Grulla, 8000 feet, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Synonyms—M yotis californicus, part; Myotis lucifugus longicrus, part. Range—High Upper Sonoran zone, in its semi-arid por- tion, along the southern Sierra Nevada in Kern and Inyo counties, in the San Jacinto and San Bernardino mountains, and at Dulzura, San Diego County (Grinnell and Swarth, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, 1912, pp. 138-141). Myotis evotis (H. Allen) Long-eared Bat Original description—V espertilio evotis H. Allen, Smith- sonian Misc. Coll., 7, June, 1864, p. 48. Type locality—Monterey, California (see Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13, 1897, pp. 77, 78). Synonym—V espertilio albescens evotis, part. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones from the Mexican line northwards as far as Mount Shasta; west to Pescadero Creek, San Mateo County; east to Independence Lake, Nevada County (Mus. Vert. Zool.) ; also Owens Lake and Inyo Mountains (Miller, supra cit., p. 80). Myotis thysanodes Miller Fringed Bat Original description—M yotis thysonodes Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13, October, 1897, pp. 80-84. Type locality—Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. Vor. III} GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 279 Synonyms—V espertilio albescens velifer, part; Vespertilo albescens evotis, part. Range—Upper Sonoran zone in southern California near the desert divide; known only from Fort Tejon, Kern County, and Dulzura, San Diego County (Miller, supra cit.). Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte) Silver-haired Bat Original description—‘Vespertilio noctivagans Le Conte, MeMutrtrie’s Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, 1, June, 1831, p. ASM Type locality—‘‘Eastern United States.” Range—Chiefly Transition zone in northwestern California, south to Nicasio, Marin County, and Nevada City, Nevada County (Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13, 1897, p. 86); east to Mount Shasta and to Oroville, Butte County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Records for summer only. Pipistrellus hesperus hesperus (H. Allen) Canyon Bat Original description—Scotophilus hesperus H. Allen, Smith- sonian Mise. Coll., 7, June, 1864, pp. 43, 44. Type locality—Fort Yuma, Imperial County, California. Synonyms—V esperugo hesperus, part; Western Bat, part. Range—Lower Sonoran zone east of the San Diegan dis- trict, on the Colorado and Mohave deserts, from the Mexican line north to the vicinity of Walker Pass and Owens Valley; west to Santa Rosa Mountains, Riverside County, and Fort Tejon, Kern County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Pipistrellus hesperus merriami (Dobson) Merriam Bat Original description—V esperugo merriami Dobson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., 18, 1886, p. 124. Type locality—Red Bluff, Tehama County, California (fide Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13, 1897, p. 31). Synonyms—V esperugo hesperus, part; Pipistrellus hesperus, part; Western Bat, part. 280 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones west of the desert divides, from the Mexican line northwest through the San Diegan district, and through the San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys, east of the humid coast belt and west of the Sierra Nevada, to Butte and Tehama counties (Mus. Vert. Zool.). . Eptesicus fuscus fuscus (Beauvois) Large Brown Bat Original description—‘Vespertilio fuscus Beauvois, Catal. Peale’s Museum, Phila., 1796, p. 14.” Type locality—‘Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.” Synonyms—E ptesicus fuscus bernardinus Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., December, 1901, p. 619 (type from San Bernardino Valley, San Bernardino County, California) ; Eptesicus fuscus melanopterus Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., October 17, 1904, pp. 590, 591 (type from Mount Tal- lac, Eldorado County, California) ; Adelonycteris fuscus; San Bernardino Brown Bat; Black-winged Bat. Range—Practically throughout the state, but chiefly Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. While there are very probably two or more subspecies, it is not possible at this writing to define them satisfactorily. Nycteris borealis teliotis (H. Allen) Western Red Bat Original description—Atalapha teliotis H. Allen, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 29, 1891, pp. 5, 6. Type locality—Not known, but probably southern Cali- fornia. Synonym—Lasiurus borealis teliotis. Range—In winter and spring: Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys, from Sutter County southwards, and throughout the San Diegan district (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Evidently migratory. Nycteris cinerea (Beauvois) Hoary Bat Original description—Vespertilio cinereus Beauvois, Catal. Peale’s Museum, Phila., 1796, p. 14.” Type locality—*“Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.” Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 281 Synonyms—Atalapha cinerea; Lasiurus cinereus. Range—In winter and spring: valleys of west-central and southern California, south through the San Diegan district (Mus. Vert. Zool.); in summer, probably Transition and Boreal zones (see Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, p. 272). Recorded without dates of capture north to Eureka, Humboldt County, and east to Panamint Mountains, Inyo County (Mil- ler, N. Amer. Fauna, 13, 1897, p. 114). Euderma maculatum (J. A. Allen) Spotted Bat Original description—Histiotus maculatus Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, February 20, 1891, pp. 195-198. Type locality—Mouth of Castac Creek, Santa Clara Valley, Los Angeles County, California (fide Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 13, 1897, p. 49). Range—Arid Lower Sonoran zone; besides the type, se- cured as above, only one other specimen has been found within this state, at Mecca, Riverside County (Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Ruble Zool. 5) 1910; pp:.317; 318) pl. 30) Corynorhinus macrotis pallescens Miller Pale Lump-nosed Bat Original description—Corynorhinus macrotis pallescens Mil- ler, N. Amer. Fauna, 13, October, 1897, p. 52. Type locality—Keam Canyon, Navajo County, Arizona. Synonym—Pallid Big-eared Bat. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones throughout south- ern California, north into Owens Valley (Miller, supra cit.), west through the San Diegan district to Santa Catalina Island (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Corynorhinus macrotis townsendi (Cooper) Northwestern Lump-nosed Bat Original description—Plecotis townsendiit Cooper, Ann. [eye Nat. Hist. Ni Y., 4, April, 1837; ;pp73,, 74. Type locality—Columbia River, Oregon. Range—Upper Sonoran zone in west-central California: near Auburn, Placer County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). August 26, 1913. 282 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Antrozous pallidus pallidus (Le Conte) Desert Pallid Bat Original description—V espertilio pallidus Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, December, 1855, p. 437. Type locality—E1 Paso, El Paso County, Texas (fide Miller, Bull. 79, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1912, p. 68). Synonym—Pale Bat; Big-eared Pale Bat. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado and Mohave deserts, north to Swansea, Inyo County, and west to Vallecito, eastern San Diego County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Antrozous pallidus pacificus Merriam Pacific Pallid Bat Original description—Antrozous pallidus pacificus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, July 1, 1897, p. 180. Type locality—Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. Synonym—Antrozous pallidus, part. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones on the Pacific slope of California, from the Mexican line north through the San Diegan district and central coast district as far as Palo Alto and Oakland; also through the San Joaquin and Sacra- mento valleys to Fort Crook (near Burgettville), Shasta County (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13, 1897, p. 45). Migratory. Family MOLOSSIDAE Nyctinomus femo osaccus Merriam Pocketed Bat Original description—Nyctinomus femorosaccus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 2, October, 1889, p. 23. Type locality—Agua Caliente (=Palm Springs), Riverside County, California. Synonyms—N yctinomops femorosaccus; Palm Springs Free-tailed Bat. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado Desert at and near Palm Springs; only two specimens known (see Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, p. 274; Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, 1904, p. 321). Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 283 Nyctinomus depressus Ward Tacubaya Free-tailed Bat Original description—N yctinomus depressus Ward, Amer. Nat., 25, August, 1891, pp. 747-750. Type locality—Tacubaya, Federal District, Mexico. Synonyms—N yctinomus macrotis nevadensis H. Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 43, 1893 [—March, 1894], pp. 171- 174, pls. 34, 35 (type from California, but exact locality not known: fide Lyon and Osgood, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62, 1909, p. 280) ; Nevada Bat. Range—Probably the southeastern deserts; but only the one indefinite record, as above. Nyctinomus mexicanus Saussure Mexican Free-tailed Bat Original description—“Nyctinomus mexicanus Saussure, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 2nd ser., 12, 1860, p. 283.” Type locality—Ameca, Jalisco, Mexico (fide Miller, Bull. 79% WES) Nat: Mus.) 1912" pe ZOe Synonyms—N yctinomus mohavensis Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 2, October, 1889, p. 25 (type from Fort Mohave, Arizona) ; Nyctinomus brasiliensis californicus H. Allen, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 43, 1893 [=March, 1894], p. 166 (no type designated) ; Nyctinomops mohavensis; Mohave Bat. Range—In spring and summer: Upper and Lower So- noran zones, chiefly the jatter, throughout southern California, both east and west of the desert divides, north at least to Marysville Buttes, Sutter County, and west to Palo Alto, Santa Clara County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Doubtless migratory, at least in part. Eumops californicus (Merriam) California Mastiff Bat Original description—Molossus californicus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4, October 8, 1890, pp. 31, 32. Type locality—Alhambra, Los Angeles County, California. Synonyms—Promops califoriicus; Promops perotis cali- fornicus; Bonnet Bat. 284 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. Range—Lower Sonoran zone of southern California; most numerous in the San Diegan district, but noted also on the Colorado Desert, in the San Joaquin Valley, and in Kern and Fresno counties (Mus. Vert. Zool.) ; northernmost station, Fresno. Order CARNIVORA Family URSIDAE Ursus horribilis californicus Merriam California Grizzly Original description—[Ursus horribilis] californicus Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 10, April 13, 1896, p. 76, fig. 15. Type locality—Monterey, California. Synonyms—Ursus horribilis; Ursus horribilis horriaeus; Grizzly Bear. Range—Formerly almost throughout the state, except the southeastern deserts and the extreme northwestern humid coast belt. Zone, mostly Upper Sonoran and lower Transition. Now probably extinct. Ursus americanus altifrontalis Elliot Northwestern Black Bear Original description—Ursus altifrontalis Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, June, 1903, pp. 234, 235. Type locality—Shore of Lake Crescent, Clallam County, Washington. Synonyms—Ursus americanus; Ursus cinnamoneus; Cinna- mon Bear; Brown Bear; Black Bear. Range—Chiefly Transition and Boreal zones of northwest- ern California north of San Francisco Bay, and south along the Sierra Nevada at least as far as the Tehachapi Mountains, in Kern County. It is possible that the black bears of the Sierra Nevada belong to a separate and unnamed subspecies. Family CANIDAE Canis gigas (Townsend) Northwestern Timber Wolf Original description—Lupus gigas Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., n. s., 2, November, 1850, pp. 75, 76. Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 285 Type locality—Fort Vancouver, Clarke County, Washing- ton (see Miller, Smithsonian Misc. Colls., 59, 1912, pp. 2, 4). Synonyms—Canis mexicanus; Canis nubilis; Canis lupus grisco-albus; Gray Wolf, Range—Northern California, and south along the Sierra Nevada. Now rare or extinct. The number of records (ene Price, Zoe, 4, 1894, p. 331) and reports from the region specified carries conviction that a wolf of some form has occurred as above indicated. But lack of specimens brings doubt as to the race represented. Canis latrans lestes Merriam Mountain Coyote Original description—Canis lestes Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, March 15, 1897, pp. 25, 26. Type locality—Toyabe Mountains, near Cloverdale, Nye County, Nevada. Range—Transition and Boreal zones of the Modoc region, west to Mount Shasta (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 103) and south along the Sierra Nevada at least to Monache Meadows, Tulare County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Canis ochropus ochropus Eschscholtz California Valley Coyote Original description—Canis ochropus Eschscholtz, Zool. Atlas,53, 1829; pp. 1,.2, pl) Wl) Type locality—Tracy, San Joaquin County, California (fixed by Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, ProZye Synonyms—Canis mearnsi; Mearns Coyote; Valley Coyote. Range—Throughout California west of the high Sierra Nevada, and south through the San Diegan district and in- cluded mountains to the Mexican line. Zone, chiefly Lower and Upper Sonoran, locally Transition. There is probably a slightly differentiated race in the San Diegan district (re- ferred to Canis mearnsi by Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, p. 216). Canis ochropus estor Merriam Desert Coyote Original description—Canis estor Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, March 15, 1897, pp. 31, 32. 286 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Type locality—Noland’s Ranch, San Juan River, San Juan County, Utah. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado and Mohave deserts, west to Antelope Valley, northern Los Angeles County, and north through the Inyo region (Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Vulpes cascadensis Merriam Cascade Red Fox Original description—Vulpes cascadensis Merriam, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 2, December 28, 1900, pp. 665, 666, pl. 56, fig. 3. Type locality—Trout Lake, base of Mount Adams, Ska- mania County, Washington. Synonyms—V ulpes macrourus; Mountain Red Fox. Range—High Transition and Boreal zones on the northern Sierra Nevada, south as far as Mount Raymond, in Mariposa County (Merriam, supra cit.). Vulpes necator Merriam High Sierra Red Fox Original description—V ulpes necator Merriam, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 2, December 28, 1900, pp. 664, 665, pl. 36, fig. 2. Type locality—Whitney Meadows, 9500 feet altitude, Sierra Nevada, Tulare County, California. Range—Boreal zone of the southern Sierra Nevada, from Monache Meadows, Tulare County (Mus. Vert. Zool.), north at least to Atwell’s Mill, East Fork Kaweah River, Tulare County (Merriam, supra cit.). Vulpes macrotis macrotis Merriam Long-eared Kit Fox Original description—V ulpes macrotis Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 4, 1888, pp. 135-138. Type locality—Riverside, Riverside County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in the San Diegan district, northwest to Los Angeles County. Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 287 Vulpes macrotis muticus Merriam San Joaquin Kit Fox Original description—Vulpes muticus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 15, March 22, 1902, p. 74. Type locality—Tracy, San Joaquin County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in the San Joaquin Valley. Vulpes macrotis arsipus Elliot Mohave Desert Kit Fox Original description—V ulpes arsipus Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 256. Type locality—Daggett, Mohave Desert, San Bernardino County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado and Mohave deserts, west to Palm Springs, Riverside County (Mus. Vert. Zool.), and north to the Panamint Mountains, Inyo County (Elliot, supra cit.). Urocyon cinereoargenteus townsendi Merriam Townsend Gray Fox Original description—Urocyon californicus townsendi Mer- riam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, October, 1899, pp. 103, 104. Type locality—Baird, Shasta County, California. Range—Transition and Upper Sonoran zones in extreme northern California, from the interior of Humboldt County east to the vicinity of Mount Shasta (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Urocyon cinereoargenteus sequoiensis Dixon Redwood Gray Fox Original description—Urocyon californicus sequoiensis Dixon, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 5, February 12, 1910, pp. 303-305. Type locality—Lagunitas, Marin County, California. Synonyms—Urocyon californicus, part; Vulpes virgin- tanus; Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus, part. Range—High Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in the humid coast belt of west-central California, from Monterey Bay north to Lake County (Dixon, supra cit.). 288 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus Mearns California Gray Fox Original description—Urocyon cinereoargenteus californi- cus Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20, January 12, 1897, pp. 459, 460. Type locality—8000 feet altitude, in San Jacinto Moun- tains, Riverside County, California. Synonyns—Urocyon californicus; Urocyon virginianus littoralts. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in southern and central California west of the desert divides, and east and south of the humid coast belt. Urocyon cinereoargenteus scotti Mearns Arizona Gray Fox Original description—Urocyon virginianus scotti Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, May, 1891, pp. 236-238. Type locality—Pinal County, Arizona. Synonyms—Urocyon cinereo-argenteus inyoensis Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, March, 1904, pp. 268, 269 (type from Beveridge Canyon, Inyo Mountains, Inyo County, Cali- fornia) ; Inyo Mountains Gray Fox. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones on the Colorado and Mohave deserts and included mountains, from the Mexi- can line north to Inyo County, and west to the east line of the San Jacinto Mountains in Riverside County (Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Urocyon littoralis littoralis (Baird) San Miguel Island Fox Original description—Vulpes (Urocyon) lttoralis Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, pp. 143-145. Type locality—San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Islands, California. Synonyms—Coast Fox; Short-tailed Fox. Range—San Miguel Island. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 289 Urocyon littoralis santacruzae Merriam Santa Cruz Island Fox Original description—Urocyon littoralis santacruzae Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, May 29, 1903, p. 75. Type locality—Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara Islands, California. Range Santa Cruz Island. Urocyon catalinae Merriam Santa Catalina Island Fox Original description—Urocyon catalinae Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, May 29, 1903, p. 74. Type locality—Santa Catalina Island, Santa Barbara Islands, California. Range—Santa Catalina Island. Urocyon clementae Merriam San Clemente Island Fox Original description—Urocyon clementae Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, May 29, 1903, p. 75. Type locality—San Clemente Island, Santa Barbara Islands, California. Range—San Clemente Island. Family PROCYONIDAE Bassariscus astutus raptor (Baird) California Ring-tailed Cat Original description—Bassaris raptor Baird, Mammals Mex. Boundary, 1859, p. 19. Type locality—Northern California (see Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, pp. 186, 187). Synonyms—Bassariscus flavus oregonus; Bassariscus as- tutus; Bassaris astuta; Civet Cat; Raccoon-fox. Range—Upper Sonoran and lower Transition zones west of the Sierran divides, from the San Diegan district north nearly to the Oregon line, though at the north chiefly east of the humid coast belt. 290 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. Procyon psora psora Gray California Coon Original description—Procyon psora Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.;°10; 1842, p. 261. Type locality—Sacramento, California. Synonyms—Procyon lotor; Procyon lotor hernandezi; Cali- fornia Raccoon. Range—Lower Sonoran, Upper Sonoran and lower Transi- tion zones throughout California, except the northern border and the southeastern deserts. Procyon psora pacifica Merriam Pacific Coon Original description—Procyon psora pacifica Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, October, 1899, p. 107. Type locality—Keechelus Lake, Cascade Mountains, Kit- titas County, Washington. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones along north- ern border of the state, south as far as Pitt River, Shasta County (Merriam, supra cit.). Procyon pallidus Merriam Pallid Coon Original description—Procyon pallidus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, June 13, 1900, pp. 151, 152. Type locality—New River, Colorado Desert, Imperial County, California. Synonyms—Desert Raccoon; Procyon lotor pallidus. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado Desert, in Imperial County, and north along the Colorado River at least to Needles (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Family MUSTELIDAE Martes caurina caurina (Merriam) Northwestern Pine Marten Original description—Mustela caurina Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4, October, 1890, pp. 27-29. Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 291 Type locality—Near Gray’s Harbor, Chehalis County, Washington. Synonym—M ustela americanus. Range—Transition and Boreal zones in northwestern Cali- fornia, south to Mendocino County, east to Mount Shasta (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 106), south over the central Sierra Nevada (Price, Zoe, 4, 1894, p. 331). Martes pennanti pacifica (Rhoads) Pacific Fisher Original description—Mustela canadensis pacifica Rhoads, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s., 19, September, 1898, pp. 435, 436. Type locality—Lake Kichelos (=Keechelus), Kittitas County, Washington. Synonyms—Mustela pennanti; Mustela pennanti pacifica; Pennant Marten. Range—Transition and Boreal zones in northwestern Cali- fornia, south to Trinity County (Mus. Vert. Zool.), and along the Sierra Nevada, from Mount Shasta (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 106) south at least to Eldorado County (Price, Zoe, 4, 1894, p. 331). Gulo luscus luteus Flliot Sierra Nevada Wolverine Original description—Gulo luteus Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 260. Type locality—Crater Meadows (Groundhog Meadow), Whitney Creek (=Golden Trout Creek), Sierra Nevada, Tulare County, California (see Elliot, supra cit., p. 280). Synonym—Gulo luscus. Range—Boreal zone on the Sierra Nevada, from the vicinity of Mount Shasta (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 105), south through the Lake Tahoe region (Beld- ing, Zoe, 1, December, 1890, p. 303; Price, Zoe, 4, March, 1894, p. 331) to Monache Meadows, Tulare County ones Vert. Zool.). 292 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4rH Ser. Mustela muricus (Bangs) Sierra Least Weasel Original description—Putorius (Arctogale) muricus Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, 1, July 31, 1899, p. 71. Type locality—Echo, Eldorado County, California. Synonym—Putorius muricus. Range—Known only from the type locality, as above. Mustela arizonensis (Mearns) Mountain Weasel Original description—Putorius arizonensis Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, May, 1891, pp. 234, 235. Type locality—San Francisco forest, near Flagstaff, Coconino County, Arizona. Synonyms—Arizona Weasel; Putorius brasiliensis frenatus. Range—tTransition and Boreal zones along the Sierra Nevada, from Mount Shasta (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 106) south to Tulare County, and the San Jacinto Mountains, Riverside County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Mustela xanthogenys xanthogenys Gray California Weasel Original description—Mustela xanthogenys Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 11, 1843, p. 118. Type locality—Southern California, probably near San Diego (fide Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11, 1896, p. 25). Synonyms—Y ellow-cheeked Weasel; Putorius xanthogenys. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones west of the desert divides, from the Mexican line north through the San Diegan district, and west-central California east of the northern humid coast belt, at least to the head of the Sacramento Valley. Mustela xanthogenys munda (Bangs) Redwood Weasel Original description—Putorius xanthogenys mundus Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, 1, June 9, 1899, pp. 56, 57. Vou. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 293 Type locality—Point Reyes, Marin County, California. Range—Transition zone in the humid coast belt north of San Francisco Bay: Point Reyes and Nicasio, Marin County (Bangs, supra cit.), north to Humboldt Bay (Mus. Vert. Zool.). It is possible that the weasels of the region immedi- ately south of San Francisco Bay also belong here. Mustela vison energumenos (Bangs) Pacific Mink Original description—Putorius vison energumenos Bangs, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 27, March, 1896, p. 5. Type locality—Sumas, British Columbia, Canada. Synonyms—Putorius vison; Lutreola vison energumenos; American Mink. Range—Northern California along streams generally, south to Petaluma, Sonoma County, through the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys at least to Stanislaus County, along the Sierra Nevada to Kern River in Tulare County, and through Owen’s Valley at least to Fish Springs, near Big Pine, Inyo County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Spilogale gracilis gracilis Merriam Canyon Spotted Skunk Original description—S pilogale gracilis Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 3, August, 1890, p. 83. Type locality—Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona, north of San Francisco Mountain. Range—Sonoran zones of the Inyo region: Inyo and Pana- mint mountains, Inyo County (Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 26, L906; ps 23). Spilogale gracilis saxatilis Merriam Great Basin Spotted Skunk Original description—S pilogale saxatilis Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4, October, 1890, p. 13. Type locality—Provo, Utah County, Utah. Range—Extreme northeastern corner of the state in Upper Sonoran zone: Susanville, Lassen County (Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 26, 1906, p. 23). 294 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. Spilogale arizonae arizonae Mearns Arizona Spotted Skunk Original description—S pilogale phenax arizonae Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, June, 1891, pp. 256, 257. Type locality—Fort Verde, Yavapai County, Arizona. Range—Valley of lower Colorado River, near Pilot Knob, Imperial County: Lower Sonoran zone (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Spilogale phenax phenax Merriam California Spotted Skunk Original description—S pilogale phenax Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4, October, 1890, pp. 13, 14. Type locality—Nicasio, Marin County, California. Synonyms—M ephitis bicolor; Mephitis zorilla; Hydropho- bia Skunk; Western Spotted Skunk; Little Spotted Skunk, part. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones and, at the north, Transition, throughout southern and west-central California west of the desert divides, from the Mexican line north through the San Diegan district and along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada and the central and northern coast strips to Shasta and Humboldt counties (Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 26, 1906, p. 32; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Spilogale phenax latifrons Merriam Oregon Spotted Skunk Original description—S pilogale phenax latifrons Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4, October, 1890, p. 15. Type locality—Roseburg, Douglas County, Oregon. Synonym—Little Spotted Skunk, part. Range—Extreme northwestern border of the state, in Siskiyou County: Siskiyou Mountains and Hornbrook (Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 26, 1906, p. 33). Mephitis estor Merriam Arizona Striped Skunk Original description—Mephitis estor Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 3, August, 1890, pp. 81, 82. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 295 Type locality Arizona. Range—Extreme Lower Sonoran zone: Valley of the lower Colorado River, from Needles to the Mexican line (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Mephitis occidentalis occidentalis Baird San Francisco Mountain, Coconino County, Northern California Striped Skunk Original description—Mephitis occidentalis Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, p. 194. Type locality—Petaluma, Sonoma County, California. Synonyms—Chincha occidentalis; California Skunk. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones of the west- central and northern portions of the state, from about the latitude of Monterey Bay north to the Oregon line, east to Shasta Valley and the main Sierra Nevada ( Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 20, 1901, pp. 34, 35; Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Mephitis occidentalis major (Howell) Great Basin Striped Skunk Original description—Chincha occidentalis major Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 20, August 31, 1901, pp. 37, 38. Type locality—Fort Klamath, Klamath County, Oregon. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in the Modoc region of northeastern California; west to Lassen Creek, Shasta County, south to Sierra Valley, Plumas County (Howell, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Mephitis occidentalis holzneri Mearns Southern California Striped Skunk Original description—Mephitis occidentalis holzneri Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20, January 12, 1897, p. 461. Type locality—San Isidro Ranch, near United States boun- dary, Lower California, Mexico. Synonyms—Chincha occidentalis holsneri; Lower Califor- nia Skunk. Range—Lower Sonoran, Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in southern California chiefly west of the deserts proper, 296 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [ Proc. 4TH SER. from the Mexican line north to about the latitude of Monterey ; east to the southern Sierra Nevada and the western edges of the Mohave and Colorado deserts (Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 20, 1901, p. 38; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Mephitis platyrhina (Howell) Broad-nosed Striped Skunk Original description—Chincha platyrhina Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 20, August 31, 1901, p. 39. Type locality—South Fork of Kern River, 25 miles east of Kernville, Kern County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone about southern end of Sierra Nevada; recorded only from valley of the South Fork of the Kern River, in Kern County, and from Owens Valley and Owens Lake, in Inyo County (Howell, supra cit.). Taxidea taxus neglecta Mearns California Badger Original description—Taxidea americana neglecta Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, June, 1891, pp. 250, 251. Type locality—Fort Crook (near Burgettville), Shasta County, California. Synonyms—Taxidea americana; Taxidea taxus; Western Badger; American Badger. Range—Chiefly Sonoran and Transition zones, casually Boreal, east and south of the humid coast belt, and northwest of the Colorado Desert; in other words, interior valleys, from the Oregon line east of the humid coast belt to the Mexican line west of the Colorado Desert; occurs both east and west of the Sierra Nevada (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Taxidea taxus berlandieri Baird Mexican Badger Original description—Taxidea berlandieri Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, p. 205. Type locality—Llano Estacado, Texas, near border of New Mexico . Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 297 Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado Desert: Im- perial Valley and north along the Colorado River at least to vicinity of Picacho (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Lutra canadensis pacifica Rhoads Pacific River Otter Original description—Lutra hudsonica pacifica Rhoads, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s., 19, September, 1898, pp. 429-431. Type locality—Lake Kichelos (=Keechelus), Kittitas County, Washington. Synonyms—Lutra californica; Lutra canadensis; California Otter. Range—Streams of northern California, south at least to Mendocino County, and through the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys to the San Joaquin River, Fresno County. Latax lutris nereis Merriam Southern Sea Otter Original description—Latax lutris nereis Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, October 6, 1904, p. 159. Type locality—San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Islands, California. Synonyms—Latax lutris; Enhydra lutris; Enhydra marina; San Miguel Island Sea Otter. Range—In the ocean along the exposed seashore and neigh- boring islands the whole length of the state, especially about the Santa Barbara and Farallon islands (see Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, pp. 168-174). Formerly abundant, now rare. It is possible that the animals which occurred off the northern California coast belonged to the northern sub- species. Family FELIDAE Felis oregonensis oregonensis Rafinesque Northwestern Cougar Original description—“Felix [=Felis] oregonensis Ra- finesque, Atlantic Journal, 1, 1832, p. 62.” August 26, 1913. 298 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. Type locality—Northwestern coast of the United States (fide Stone, Science, n. ser., 9, 1899, p. 35.) Synonyms—F elis concolor, part; Felis concolor oregonensis, part; Felis hippolestes olympus; Pacific Coast Cougar; North- western Puma; Mountain Lion, part. Range—Throughout the state except for the foe south- eastern deserts. Ranges through all zones, though perhaps most plentiful in Upper Sonoran and Transition. Felis oregonensis browni Merriam Yuma Cougar Original description—Felis aztecus browni Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, May 29, 1903, pp. 73, 74. Type locality—Lower Colorado River, 12 miles south of Yuma, Arizona. Synonyms—Felis concolor, part; Felis concolor oregonensis, part; Mountain Lion, part; Brown Cougar. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado Desert, and . north along the Colorado River (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Lynx fasciatus oculeus Bangs Southern Barred Wildcat Original description—Lynx (Cervaria) fasciatus oculeus Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, 1, March 31, 1899, pp. 23; 24. Type locality—Nicasio, Marin County, California. Synonyms—Felis rufa oculea; Sharp-sighted Lynx. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones of the north- western coast belt, from Marin County north probably to the Oregon line (Bangs, supra cit.). Lynx fasciatus pallescens Merriam Pallid Barred Wildcat Original description—Lynx fasciatus pallescens Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, October, 1899, p. 104. Type locality—South base of Mount Adams, near Trout Lake, Skamania County, Washington. Synonyms—F elis rufa pallescens; Pallid Lynx. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 299 Range—Interior of northern California; vicinity of Mount Shasta south to Pitt River, in Shasta County (Merriam, supra cit.). Lynx eremicus eremicus Mearns Desert Wildcat Original description—Lynx rufus eremicus Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 20, January 12, 1897, pp. 457, 458. Type locality—New River, 6 miles northwest of Laguna Station, Colorado Desert, Imperial County, California. Synonyms—Desert Lynx, part; Felis rufa eremica. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado and Mohave deserts, north at least to Needles, west to Victorville, San Bernardino County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Lynx eremicus californicus Mearns California Wildcat Original description—Lynx rufus californicus Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20, January 12, 1897, p. 458. Type locality—San Diego, California. Synonyms—Lynx calemmcuts Lynx eremicus, part; Desert Lynx, part; Felis rufa californica. Range—Sonoran, Transition, and lower Boreal zones throughout the greater portion of the state west and north of the desert proper, and south and east of the northern coast belt (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Northernmost record along the Sierra Nevada: Baird, Shasta County (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 104). Order PINNIPEDIA Family OTARIIDAE Zalophus californianus (Lesson) California Sea Lion Original description—“Otaria californiana Lesson, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat., 13, 1828, p. 420.” Type locality—*‘California.” 300 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Synonyms—Otaria gillespii M’Bain, Proc. Edinb. Roy. Soc., 1, 1858, p. 422 (type from California)”; Zalophus gil- lespu; Arctocephalus gilliespu; Lobo Marino. Range—Seacoast and islands of southern California, breed- ing northwards from near the Mexican line to San Miguel Island; occurs at times farther north even to San Francisco Bay (J. Rowley, MS; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eumetopias stelleri (Lesson) Steller Sea Lion Original description—‘“Otaria stelleri Lesson, Dict. Class Hist. Nat., 13, 1828, p. 420.” Type locality—“North Pacific Ocean.” Synonyms—Eumetopias jubata; Otaria jubata; Arcto- cephalus monteriensis Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, pp. 358, 360, pl. 72 (type from Monterey). Range—Seacoast and islands of central and northern Cali- fornia, breeding northwards from Richardson Rock, near San Miguel Island, to near the Oregon line (J. Rowley, MS; Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Callotaria alascana (Jordan and Clark) Pribilof Fur Seal Original description—Callorhinus alascanus Jordan and Clark, Fur Seals and Fur Seal Islands of North Pacific Ocean, pt: 3, 1699 ssp: 2: Type locality—Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea. Synonyms—Callorhinus ursinus, part; Northern Fur Seal, part. Range—lIn the annual migrations this fur seal occurs from January to March on the ocean off northern California, south as far as the vicinity of Point Conception (see Townsend, in Fur Seals and Fur Seal Islands of North Pacific Ocean, pt. 3, 1899, pp. 223-252, map). Arctocephalus townsendi Merriam Guadalupe Fur Seal Original description—Arctocephalus townsendi Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, July 1, 1897, p. 178. Vor. IT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 301 Type locality—Guadalupe Island, off Lower California, Mexico. Synonyms—Callorhinus ursinus, part; Northern Fur Seal, part. Range—With little doubt fur seals formerly bred along the coast and among the islands of southern California (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, p. 154; Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, p. 206). The geographical probabilities strongly favor their identity with the southern form possibly still in existence off Lower California, rather than with the fur seal breeding on the Pribilof Islands, in Bering Sea. Family PHOCIDAE Phoca richardi geronimensis Allen California Harbor Seal Original description—Phoca richardi geronimensis Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 16, December 12, 1902, pp. 493, 495, 496. Type locality—San Geronimo Island, Lower California. Synonyms—Phoca pealei; Phoca richardi; Phoca vitulina; San Geronimo Harbor Seal. Range—Seacoast, islands, and bays, from the Mexican to the Oregon lines. It is probable that the harbor seals of the northern coast district will be found to be in characters nearest Phoca richardi richardi. Macrorhinus angustirostris Gill Northern Elephant Seal Original description—‘Macrorhinus angustirostris Gill, Proc. Chicago Acad. Sci., 1, 1866, p. 33.” Type locality—‘Saint Bartholomew’s Bay, Lower Califor- nia, Mexico.” Synonyms—M irounga angustirostris; Sea Elephant. Range—Formerly north along the seacoast as far as Point Reyes, Marin County (Scammon, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 61) ; occurred in numbers at Santa Barbara Island as late as 1852 (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, p. 118); 302 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. now restricted to the vicinity of Guadalupe Island, Lower California (Townsend, Zoologica, N. Y. Zool. Soc., 1, 1912, p. 171s Order RODENTIA Family MURIDAE Onychomys leucogaster brevicaudus Merriam Short-tailed Grasshopper Mouse Original description—Onychomys leucogaster brevicaudus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5, July, 1891, p. 52. % Type locality—Blackfoot, Bingham County, Idaho. Range—High Upper Sonoran zone along the extreme east- ern edge of the state, in the Modoc region: Sugar Hill and Dry Creek, Warner Mountains, south to Benton, Mono County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Onychomys torridus torridus (Coues) Arizona Grasshopper Mouse Original description—Hesperomys (Onychomys) torridus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., December 15, 1874, p. 183. Type locality—Camp Grant, Graham County, Arizona. Synonyms—Onychomys pulcher Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, pp. 243, 244 (type from Morongo Pass, east end of San Bernardino Mountains, California) ; Onychomys torridus perpallidus; Onychomys torridus longi- caudus. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on Colorado and Mohave deserts; west to Jacumba, San Diego County, Whitewater, Riverside County, and Antelope Valley, northern Los Angeles County, north to Independence, Inyo County (Mus. Vert. Zool. ). : Onychomys torridus ramona Rhoads Ramona Grasshopper Mouse Original description—Onychomys ramona Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 27, September, 1893, pp. 833, 834. Type locality—San Bernardino Valley, San Bernardino County, California. a Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 303 Synonym—San Bernardino Grasshopper Mouse. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Pacific slope of the San Diegan district from the Mexican line northwest at least to San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Onychomys torridus tularensis Merriam Tulare Grasshopper Mouse Original description—Onychomys torridus tularensis Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, June 9, 1904, p. 123. Type locality—Bakersfield, Kern County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in the southern San Joaquin Valley ; east to Kern Valley; west to Carrizo Plains, San Luis Obispo County; north to Huron, Fresno County (Merriam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Reithrodontomys megalotis longicauda (Baird) Long-tailed Harvest Mouse Original description—Reithrodon longicauda Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, pp. 451, 452. Type locality—Petaluma, Sonoma County, California. Synonyms—Reithrodontomys pallidus Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 27, September, 1893, p. 835 (type from Santa Ysabel [Witch Creek], San Diego County, California) ; Ochetodon longi- cauda, Reithrodontomys longicauda; Reithrodontomys longi- cauda pallidus; Sonoma Harvest Mouse. Range—Upper Sonoran and lower Transition zones of the greater portion of California west of the Sierran divides, from the Mexican boundary north through the San Diegan district, and through both the coast belt and San Joaquin and Sacra- mento valleys, to Trinidad, Humboldt County, and Scott River Valley, Siskiyou County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Reithrodontomys megalotis klamathensis Merriam Klamath Harvest Mouse Original description—Reithrodontomys klamathensis Mer- riam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, October, 1899, p. 93. Type locality—Big Spring (= Mayten), Shasta Valley, Siskiyou County, California. 304 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [ Proc. 47H SER. Range—Upper Sonoran zone of the Modoc region, west to Montague, Siskiyou County, and south to Vinton, Plumas County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Reithrodontomys megalotis deserti Allen Desert Harvest Mouse Original description—Reithrodontomys megalotis deserti Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7, May 21, 1895, pp. 127- 129. Type locality—Oasis Valley, Nye County, Nevada. Synonym—Reithrodontomys megalotis. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones of the Colorado and Mohave desert areas, west to the eastern border of the San Diegan district, and north, east of the Sierra Nevada, to the head of Owens Valley (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Reithrodontomys megalotis catalinae Elliot Catalina Island Harvest Mouse Original description—Reithrodontomys catalinae Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 246. Type locality—Santa Catalina Island, Santa Barbara group, California. Range—Santa Catalina Island, Santa Barbara group (Elliot, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Reithrodontomys halicoetes Dixon Tidal Marsh Harvest Mouse Original description—Reithrodontomys halicoetes Dixon, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 5, August 14, 1909, pp. 271-273. Type locality—Salt marsh 3 miles south of Petaluma, So- noma County, California. Synonym—Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse, part. Range—Tidal marshes on the north side of San Francisco and Suisun bays, from Petaluma east to Grizzly Island (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Reithrodontomys raviventris Dixon Red-bellied Harvest Mouse Original description—Reithrodontomys raviventris Dixon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, October 20, 1908, pp. 197, 198. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 305 Type locality—Redwood City, San Mateo County, Cali- fornia. Synonym—Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse, part. Range—Salt marshes bordering the south arm of San Fran- cisco Bay, from Redwood City around to Melrose Marsh, Ala- meda County (Dixon, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Peromyscus maniculatus rubidus Osgood Redwood White-footed Mouse Original description—Peromyscus oreas rubidus Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, December 12, 1901, p. 193. Type locality—Mendocino City, Mendocino County, Cali- fornia. Synonyms—Peromyscus gambeli, part; Peromyscus texen- sis gambeli. Range—Humid northwest coast belt, in Upper Sonoran, Transition, and Boreal zones, from the Oregon line (east to Siskiyou Mountains) south to Golden Gate; also locally in the redwood belt south of San Francisco Bay as far as Sur, Monterey County (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 66; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Peromyscus maniculatus gambeli (Baird) Gambel White-footed Mouse Original description—Hesperomys gambelii Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, p. 464. Type locality—Monterey, California (see Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, 1893, p. 190). Synonyms—Peromyscus gambeli, part; Mus leucopus; Pero- myscus sonoriensis gambeli; Peromyscus texanus gambeli; Sitomys americanus gambeli; Peromyscus texanus medius. Range—Throughout all zones and over the greater portion of the state, from the Oregon line east of the humid coast belt, to the Mexican line west of the Colorado desert (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 67; Mus. Vert. Zool.) ; in other words, California except humid coast belt north of San Fran- cisco Bay, and southeastern desert regions. The most abun- dant and at the same time wide-spread single mammal of the state. 306 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis (Le Conte) Sonora White-footed Mouse Original description—Hesperomys sonoriensis Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, October, 1853, p. 413. Type locality—Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico. Synonyms—Hesperomys leucopus deserticolus Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, February, 1890, pp. 285-287 (type from Mohave River, 12 miles below Hesperia, San Ber- nardino County, California) ; Sitomys insolatus Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., October, 1894, p. 256 (type from Oro Grande, San Bernardino County, California); Desert Deer Mouse; Peromyscus texensis thurberi. Range—Colorado and Mohave deserts and adjacent moun- tain ranges, west to Mount Pinos, Ventura County, and north through the Inyo region to Alpine County (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, pp. 92, 93; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Peromyscus maniculatus clementis Mearns San Clemente White-footed Mouse Original description—Peromyscus texanus clementis Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, March 25, 1896, pp. 446, 447. Type locality—San Clemente Island, California. Range—Outer islands of Santa Barbara group, including San Clemente, Santa Barbara, San Nicolas, Santa Rosa, and San Miguel islands (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 96). Peromyscus maniculatus catalinae Elliot Catalina Island White-footed Mouse Original description—Peromyscus catalinae Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, April, 1903, p. 160. Type locality—Santa Catalina Island, California. Range—Santa Catalina and Santa Cruz islands, Santa Bar- bara group (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 97; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Peromyscus boylei boylei (Baird) Boyle White-footed Mouse Original description—Hesperomys boylii Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, April, 1855, pp. 335-336. Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 307 Type locality—Middle Fork American River, Eldorado County, California, near Auburn (fide Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 142). Synonym—Sitomys robustus Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, December 16, 1893, p. 335 (type from Lakeport, Lake County, California). Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones along Sierra Nevada, from yicinity of Yosemite north to Mount Shasta, thence west to frinity Mountains and south along inner coast ranges nearly to San Francisco Bay (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 142; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Peromyscus boylei rowleyi (Allen) Rowley White-footed Mouse Original description—Sitomys rowley Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, April 28, 1893, p. 76. Type locality—Noland Ranch, San Juan River, Utah (fide Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 145). Synonyms—Sitomys major Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 27, Sep- tember, 1893, pp. 831, 832 (type from Squirrel Inn, San Ber- nardino Mountains, San Bernardino County, California) ; Peromyscus parasiticus Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 244 (type from Lone Pine, Inyo County, California) ; Hesperomys aztecus. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones along moun- tains of southern California, north through coast ranges to Monterey County and in southern Sierra Nevada through Tulare County, thence east across Owens Valley and on Provi- dence Mountains (Osgood, N. Amer, Fauna, 28, 1909, pp. 146, 147; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Peromyscus truei truei (Shufeldt) True White-footed Mouse Original description—Hesperomys truei Shufeldt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, 1885, pp. 407, 408. Type locality—Fort Wingate, McKinley County, New Mexico. Synonyms—Peromyscus lasius Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, March, 1904, p. 265 (type from Hannopee Canyon, 308 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH SER. Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, California) ; Peromyscus montipinoris Elliot, ibid., p. 264 (type from Lockwood Val- ley, Mount Pinos, Ventura County, California). Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones along eastern border of the state, chiefly east of the Sierra Nevada in the Inyo region; thence west through the extreme southern Sierra Nevada to the vicinity of Mount Pinos, Ventura County; north to Susanville, Lassen County; south to Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 169; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Peromyscus truei gilberti (Allen) Gilbert White-footed Mouse Original description—Sitomys gilberti Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, August, 1893, p. 188. Type locality—Bear Valley, San Benito County, California. Synonyms—Peromyscus dyselius Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 1, March, 1898, pp. 207, 208 (type from Portola, San Mateo County, California) ; Peromyscus boylei, part. Range—Upper Sonoran zone along central and northern Sierra Nevada, and in coast ranges of middle California and of northern California east of the humid coast belt; south to Santa Barbara County; north to the Oregon line (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 171; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Peromyscus truei martirensis (Allen) San Pedro Martir White-footed Mouse Original description—Sitomys martirensis Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, August 18, 1893, p. 187. Type locality—San Pedro Martir Mountains, altitude 7000 feet, Lower California, Mexico. Synonym—San Pedro Martir Big-eared Mouse. Range—Upper Sonoran zone along mountains of extreme southern California, north through the San Jacinto and San Bernardino ranges (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 172; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 309 Peromyscus crinitus crinitus (Merriam) Idaho Canyon Mouse Original description—Hesperomys crinitus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5, July, 1891, pp. 53, 54. Type locality—Shoshone Falls, Snake River, Idaho. Range—Upper Sonoran zone on extreme northeastern bor- der of the state: eastern Lassen and Modoc counties (Osgood N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 231; Mus. Vert. Zool.). ’ Peromyscus crinitus stephensi Mearns Stephens Canyon Mouse Original description—Peromyscus stephensi Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 19, July 30, 1897, p. 721. Type locality—Lowest water on wagon road in canyon at eastern base of the Coast Range, near Mexican boundary, San Diego County, California. Synonym—Peromyscus petraius Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 244 (type from Lone Pine, Inyo County, California). Range—Lower Sonoran zone on parts of Colorado and Mohave deserts, north through Inyo region to White Moun- tains and head of Owens Valley; west to Onyx, Kern County, and to east slopes of San Bernardino and San Jacinto moun- tains; southeast to Pilot Knob near Colorado River (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, pp. 233, 234; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Peromyscus californicus californicus (Gambel) Parasitic White-footed Mouse Original description—Mus californicus Gambel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, August, 1848, p. 78. Type locality—Monterey, California. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones of coast region south from San Francisco Bay to Ventura County; thence east sparingly to western foothills of Sierra Nevada in Kern and Tulare counties (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 237; Mus. Vert. Zool.). 310 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Peromyscus californicus insignis Rhoads Southern Parasitic Mouse Original description—Peromyscus insignis Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., March, 1895, p. 33. Type locality—Dulzura, San Diego County, California. Synonym—H esperomys californicus. Range—Upper Sonoran zone in southern California from San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles County south to the Mexican line (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 238; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Peromyscus eremicus eremicus (Baird) Desert White-footed Mouse Original description—Hesperomys eremicus Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, pp. 479, 480. Type locality—Fort Yuma, Imperial County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on Colorado desert and east- ern parts of Mohave desert, west to east base of San Jacinto Mountains, and north to the Death Valley region (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 242; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Peromyscus eremicus fraterculus (Miller) Dulzura White-footed Mouse Original description—V esperimus fraterculus Miller, Amer. Nat., 26, March, 1892, pp. 261-263. Type locality—Dulzura, San Diego County, California. Synonyms—Sitomys herroni Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 27, Sep- tember, 1893, pp. 832, 833 (type from San Bernardino Valley [= Reche Canyon], San’ Bernardino County, California) ; Sitomys herroni nigellus Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., October, 1894, p. 257 (type from west Cajon Pass, San Ber- nardino County, California). Range—San Diegan district west of the desert divide, from Nordhoff, Ventura County, southeast to the Mexican line, chiefly in Lower Sonoran zone (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28, 1909, p. 244; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 311 Sigmodon hispidus eremicus Mearns Western Desert Cotton Rat Original description—Sigmodon hispidus eremicus Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20, March 5, 1897, pp. 504, 505. Type locality—Cienaga Well, 30 miles south of Mexican boundary, on left bank of Colorado River, Sonora, Mexico. Range—Valley of the lower Colorado River, from near Palo Verde to near Pilot Knob (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Neotoma albigula venusta True Colorado Valley Wood Rat Original description—Neotoma venusta True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17, June 27, 1894, p. 354. Type locality—Carrizo Creek, western Imperial County, California. Synonyms—N eotoma cumulator Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20, March 5, 1897, p. 503 (type from Fort Yuma, Im- perial County, California); Neotoma desertorum grandis Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 247 (type from Cameron Lake, near Tehachapi, Kern County, California ). Range—Lower Sonoran zone in bed of the Colorado desert, from the Mexican line northwest at least to Mecca, Riverside County, west to extreme eastern San Diego County, and north along the Colorado River, at least to near Riverside Mountain; also sporadically (?) to Cameron Lake, near Tehachapi, Kern County (Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, p. 34; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Neotoma intermedia intermedia Rhoads Intermediate Wood Rat Original description—Neotoma intermedia Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 28, January, 1894, pp. 69, 70. Type locality—Dulzura, San Diego County, California. Synonyms—N eotoma californica Price, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 2nd ser., 4, May 9, 1894, pp. 154-156 (type from Bear Valley, San Benito County, California) ; Rhoads Wood Rat; Dulzura White-footed Wood Rat. 312 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. Range—Upper and Lower Sonoran zones west of the desert divides, from the Mexican line in the San Diegan district north through the coast region into Monterey and San Benito counties; also in western foothills of extreme southern Sierra Nevada north as far as Porterville, Tulare County (Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, p. 44; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Neotoma intermedia gilva Rhoads Banning Wood Rat Original description—Neotoma intermedia gilva Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 28, January, 1894, p. 70. Type locality—Banning, Riverside County, California. Synonym—N eotoma desertorum sola Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 9, July 2, 1894, p. 126 (type from San Emigdio, Kern County, California); Yellow Wood Rat. Range—Arid Upper and Lower Sonoran zones along the eastern edge of the main range of N. 1. intermedia, from Stan- ley, Fresno County, southeast to the Mexican line, and east through the Tehachapi region to the valley of the South Fork of the Kern River; the range of gilva thus lies irregularly be- tween that of intermedia and that of N. 1. desertorum (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, pp. 45, 46). Neotoma intermedia desertorum Merriam Desert Wood Rat Original description—Neotoma desertorum Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 9, July 2, 1894, pp. 125, 126. Type locality—Furnace Creek, Death Valley, Inyo County, California. Synonym—Neotoma bella Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, 1, July 31, 1899, pp. 66, 67 (type from Palm Springs, Riverside County, California). Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones on the southeast- ern deserts, from the Mexican line north through the Inyo region to the head of Owens Valley in Mono County, and in extreme eastern Lassen County; west southerly to the east base of the San Jacinto Mountains, in Riverside County, and to Antelope Valley, in northern Los Angeles County (Gold- man, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, p. 78; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA Sls} Neotoma fuscipes fuscipes Baird Dusky-footed Wood Rat Original description—Neotoma fuscipes (Cooper, MS) Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, pp. 495, 496. Type locality—Petaluma, Sonoma County, California. Synonyms—Neotoma splendens True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17, June 27, 1894, p. 353 (type from Marin County, California) ; Neotoma fuscipes streatori, part. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones north of San Francisco Bay, both coastwise and interiorly west of the Sacra- mento Valley, to the Oregon line; eastwards at the north through Siskiyou and Shasta counties as far as Haydenhill, Lassen County (Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, pp. 87-89 ; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Neotoma fuscipes streatori Merriam Streator Wood Rat Original description—Neotoma fuscipes streatori Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 9, July 2, 1894, p. 124. Type locality—Carbondale, Amador County, California. Range—Upper Sonoran and lower Transition zones along west slope of Sierra Nevada, from Tehama County south to near Porterville, Tulare County (Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, pp. 89, 90; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Neotoma fuscipes annectens Elliot Portola Wood Rat Original description—Neotoma fuscipes annectens Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 1, March, 1898, pp. 201, 202. Type locality—Portola, San Mateo County, California. Synonyms—Neotoma fuscipes affinis Elliot, ibid., pp. 202, 203 (type from Alum Rock Park, Santa Clara County, Cali- fornia) ; Neotoma fuscipes, part. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in the coast region south from San Francisco Bay to Monterey Bay; thence interiorly and south along the inner coast ranges as far as the Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County; east at the north to include the Mount Diablo and Mount Hamilton ranges (Gold- man, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, pp. 90, 91; Mus. Vert. Zool.). August 26, 1913. 314 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Neotoma fuscipes simplex True Fort Tejon Wood Rat Original description—Neotoma macrotis simplex True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17, June 27, 1894, p. 354. Type locality—Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. Synonym—Neotoma fuscipes dispar Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 9, July 2, 1894, pp. 124, 125 (type from Lone Pine, Inyo County, California). Range—Upper Sonoran zone on the east and southeast slopes of the southern Sierra Nevada, in Inyo and Kern counties, thence west through the Tehachapi region to the vicinity of Tejon Pass and adjacent foothills to the north and south (Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, pp. 91, 92; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Neotoma fuscipes mohavensis Elliot Mohave Wood Rat Original description—Neotoma fuscipes | mohavensis Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 246. Type locality—Oro Grande, on Mohave River, San Ber- nardino County, California. . Synonym—N eotoma fuscipes macrotis, part. Range—Upper and Lower Sonoran zones on the San Jacinto and San Bernardino mountains, including the adjacent foot- hills on the desert side; also from the latter mountains down along the Mohave River into the Mohave desert at least as far as Oro Grande (Elliot, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Neotoma fuscipes macrotis Thomas Long-eared Wood Rat Original description—Neotoma macrotis Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., 12, September, 1893, pp. 234, 235. Type locality—San Diego, San Diego County, California. Synonym—N eotoma fuscipes cnemophila Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, March, 1904, pp. 267, 268 (type from Lock- wood Valley, near Mt. Pinos, Ventura County, California). Range—Upper Sonoran and lower Transition zones in the San Diegan district, northwest from the Mexican line, includ- ing also the narrow coast strip still farther northwards even to Vor. IIT} GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 315 Monterey (Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, pp. 93, 94; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Neotoma cinerea cinerea (Ord) Gray Bushy-tailed Wood Rat Original description—“Mus cinereus Ord, Guthrie’s Geog., 2nd Amer. ed., 2, 1815, p. 292.” Type locality—Great Falls, Cascade County, Montana (fide Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, p. 95). Synonyms—Teonoma cinerea acraia Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, pp. 247, 248 (type really from Jordan Hot Springs, near Kern River, Sierra Nevada, Tulare County, California) ; Teonoma cinerea. Range—High Transition and Boreal zones along the cen- tral and southern Sierra Nevada from Nevada County south as far as Jackass Meadow (near Kern County line), Tulare County; also on the White and Inyo mountains, Mono and Inyo counties (Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, pp. 96, 98; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Neotoma cinerea occidentalis Baird Western Bushy-tailed Wood Rat Original description—N eotoma occidentalis (Cooper, MS) Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1855, p. 335. Type locality—Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County, Washing- ton. Synonym—Tconoma cinerea occidentalis. Range—Transition and Boreal zones of the northern end of the state; west nearly to the sea-coast north of Humboldt Bay; east to the Warner Mountains, Modoc County; south along the inner coast ranges as far as mountains near Elk Creek, Glenn County, and along the Sierra Nevada through Plumas County (Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31, 1910, p. 102; Mus. Wert. Zool). : Phenacomys orophilus Merriam Mountain Lemming Mouse Original description—Phenacomys orophilus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5, July, 1891, p. 66. 316 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. Type locality—Near head of Timber Creek, 10,500 feet alti- tude, Salmon River Mountains, Idaho. Range—Known only from three specimens taken in the Boreal zone on Mount Shasta (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 95), and one specimen taken at about 7500 feet alti- tude near Pyramid Peak, Eldorado County (Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 1, 1898, p. 204). Phenacomys albipes Merriam White-footed Lemming Mouse Original description—Phenacomys albipes Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, July 19, 1901, pp. 125, 126. Type locality—Redwoods near Arcata, Humboldt County, California. Range—The type specimen, taken in northwest humid Boreal, as above, represents the only locality of occurrence so far known. Phenacomys longicaudus True Long-tailed Lemming Mouse Original description—Phenacomys longicaudus True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13, 1890, pp. 303, 304. Type locality—Marshfield, Coos County, Oregon. Range—One record for the state: one specimen found dead in a road near Mount Sanhedrin (Transition zone), Mendo- cino County (Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., July, 1904, p. 578). Evotomys mazama Merriam Mazama Red-backed Mouse Original description—Evotomys mazama Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, April 21, 1897, pp. 71, 72. Type locality—Crater Lake, Klamath County, Oregon. Range—Boreal zone on Mount Shasta (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 95). Evotomys obscurus Merriam Dusky Red-backed Mouse Original description—Evotomys obscurus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, April 21, 1897, p. 72. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 317 Type locality—Prospect, upper Rogue River Valley, Jack- son County, Oregon. Range—Boreal zone of northwestern California east of the humid coast belt and west of the main Sierran divide: Trinity Mountains (Jackson and Castle lakes, Siskiyou County) east to Carberry Ranch (near Montgomery Creek), Shasta County (Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, p. 133; Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Evotomys californicus Merriam California Red-backed Mouse Original description—Evotomys californicus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4, October, 1890, p. 26. Lype locality—Eureka, Humboldt County, California. Range—Boreal zone in the humid northwest. coast belt, chiefly in the redwood forests, south as far as Willits, Mendo- cino County, interiorly to Fair Oaks, Humboldt County (Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, p. 134; Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Microtus montanus montanus (Peale) Peale Meadow Mouse Original description—Arvicola montana Peale, U. S. Ex- ploring Exped., 8, 1848, pp. 44, 45. Type locality—Headwaters of Sacramento River, near Mount Shasta, California (fide Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 17, OOO Tp S27). Synonyms—Arvicola longirostris Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, pp. 530, 531 (type from upper Pitt River, California) ; Peale Vole. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in the Modoc region, west to Sisson, Siskiyou County, and south along the Sierra Nevada at least to the Yosemite Valley (Bailey, supra cit., p. 28; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Microtus montanus dutcheri Bailey Mount Whitney Meadow Mouse Original description—Microtus dutcheri Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, April 30, 1898, p. 85. Type locality—Big Cottonwood Meadows, 10,000 feet alti- tude, near Mount Whitney, Inyo County, California. 318 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. Synonym—Dutcher Vole. Range—Boreal zone of the extreme southern Sierra Nevada, in vicinity of Mount Whitney; south to Jackass Meadow, Tulare County, north to head of San Joaquin River, Fresno County (Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 17, 1900, p. 33; Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Microtus californicus californicus (Peale) California Meadow Mouse Original description—Arvicola californica Peale, U. S. Ex- ploring Exped., 8, 1848, p. 46, “pl. 11, fig. 2.” Type locality—San Francisco Bay, California. Synonyms—Arvicola trowbridgii Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, p. 529 (type from Monterey, California) ; Arvicola mon- tana, part; California Vole; Microtus edax, part. Range—Both Sonoran and Transition zones throughout the state west of the Sierra Nevada and desert divides, including the San Diegan district, from the Mexican line north to the Oregon line, and east at the north to Shasta Valley, centrally to Onyx, Kern County; except bed of San Joaquin-Sacramento Valley, and narrow coast strip in vicinity of Cape Mendocino (Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 17, 1900, p. 35; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Microtus californicus vallicola Bailey Owens Valley Meadow Mouse Original description—Microtus californicus vallicola Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, April 30, 1898, p. 89. Type locality—Lone Pine, Inyo County, California. Synonym—Valley Vole. Range—Suitable parts of Upper and Lower Sonoran zones on the Mohave desert and in the Inyo region; south to Victor- ville, San Bernardino County, east to Panamint Mountains, and north through Owens Valley to Alvord (Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 17, 1900, p. 36; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Microtus californicus constrictus Bailey Mendocino Meadow Mouse Original description — Microtus californicus constrictus Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 17, June, 1900, pp. 36, 37. Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 319 Type locality—Cape Mendocino, near Capetown, Humboldt County, California. Synonym—Coast Vole, part. Range—tTransition zone in northwest humid coast belt, at least from Capetown to Eureka and interiorly to Cuddeback and Fair Oaks; all these localities in Humboldt County (Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Microtus edax (Le Conte) Tule Meadow Mouse Original description—Arvicola edax Le Conte, ‘Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, October, 1853, p. 405. Type locality—California, somewhere south of San Fran- cisco (fide Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, p. 532). Synonym—Tule Vole. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones in suitable parts of San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys, north to near Marys- ville Buttes, south to Tulare Lake, and west to Cordelia Slough, Solano County (Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 17, 1900, p. 38; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Microtus scirpensis Bailey Amargosa Meadow Mouse Original description—Microtus scirpensis Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 17, June, 1900, p. 38. Type locality—Amargosa River (near Nevada line), Inyo County, California. Synonym—Desert Vole. Range—Known only from a small tule marsh, Lower So- noran zone, at the type locality, as above. Microtus mordax mordax (Merriam) Cantankerous Meadow Mouse Original description—Arvicola mordax Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5, July, 1891, pp. 61, 62. Type locality—Sawtooth (or Alturas) Lake, east foot of Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho. Synonym—Cantankerous Vole. Range—Transition and Boreal zones along the whole Sierra Nevada, south to Taylor Meadow, Tulare County (close to Kern County line) ; also on White Mountains, Inyo County; 320 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H SER. west in northern California to Trinity and Salmon Mountains, east to Warner Mountains (Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 17, 1900, p. 50; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Microtus mordax bernardinus Merriam San Bernardino Meadow Mouse Original description—Microtus mordax bernardinus Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, June 9, 1908, p. 145. Type locality—Dry Lake, 9000 feet altitude, San Bernar- dino Mountains, California. Range—High Transition and Boreal zones in the San Ber- nardino Mountains, San Bernardino County, California (Mer- riam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Microtus mordax angusticeps Bailey Northwest Coast Meadow Mouse Original description—Microtus angusticeps Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, April 30, 1898, p. 86. Type locality—Crescent City, Del Norte County, California. Synonym—Coast Vole, part. Range—Transition and Boreal zones in extreme northwest humid coast belt; south to Eureka, Humboldt County (Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 17, 1900, p. 52; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Microtus oregoni oregoni (Bachman) Oregon Meadow Mouse Original description—Arvicola oregoni Bachman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, 1839, pp. 60, 61. Type locality—Astoria, Oregon. Synonym—Oregon Vole. Range—Transition and Boreal zones in extreme northwest humid coast belt, south to Dyerville, Humboldt County, and interiorly to Hoopa Valley (Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 17, 1900, p- 71; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Microtus oregoni adocetus Merriam Yolla Bolly Meadow Mouse Original description—Microtus oregoni adocetus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, June 9, 1908, pp. 145, 146. Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 321 Type locality—South Yolla Bolly Mountain, Trinity County, California. Range—As far as known, only in Boreal zone at the type locality, as above. Lagurus curtatus (Cope) Short-tailed Meadow Mouse Original description—Arvicola curtata Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, p. 2. Type locality—Pigeon Spring, Mount Magruder, Nevada, near California boundary line. Synonym—Short-tailed Vole; Microtus curtatus. Range—Transition zone on the arid mountains in the Inyo region; Inyo and White mountains (Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 17, 1900, pp. 67, 68). Fiber zibethicus mergens Hollister Nevada Muskrat Original description—Fiber zibethicus mergens Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, February 2, 1910, ps Type locality—Fallon, Churchill County, Nevada Synonym—Ondatra zibethica mergens. Range—Extreme eastern part of Modoc region: Eagle Lake and Susanville, Lassen County (Hollister, N. Amer. Fauna, 32, 1911, pp. 27, 28). Fiber zibethicus pallidus Mearns Pallid Muskrat Original description—Fiber zibethicus pallidus Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, February, 1890, p. 280. Type locality—Old Fort Verde (Camp Verde), Yavapai County, Arizona. Synonym—Ondatra zibethica pallida. Range—Colorado River and tributary sloughs, from the Nevada line to the Mexican boundary; also irrigation canals in the Imperial Valley, Imperial County (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Hol- lister, N. Amer. Fauna, 32, 1911, pp. 28, 29). 322 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. Epimys norvegicus (Erxleben) Norway Rat Original description—‘Mus norvegicus Erxleben, Syst. Regni Anim., 1, 1777, p. 381.” Type logality—‘* Norway.” Synonyms—Brown Rat, part; Wharf Rat; Mus decumanus. Range—Almost everywhere in the settled portions of the state, chiefly in towns and cities. In the San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys, rats have invaded marshy tracts and occur along sloughs far from human habitations. This is the most abundant species of non-native mammal outside of the house mouse. Epimys rattus (Linnaeus) Black Rat Original description—Mus rattus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat.,1, 1758, p: 61. Type locality—Sweden. Range—Occurs in relatively small numbers in San Francisco and neighboring cities of the San Francisco Bay region. Not native. Epimys alexandrinus (Geoffroy) Roof Rat Original description—‘Mus alexandrinus Geoffroy, De- scription de l’Egypte, Mammiféres, 1818, p. 733.” Type locality—“Alexandria, Egypt.” Synonym—Brown Rat, part. Range—Occurs commonly in the larger cities of west-cen- tral California. Not native. Mus musculus musculus Linnaeus House Mouse Original description—Mus musculus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Tl 798. sps OZ: Type locality—Sweden. Range—Practically throughout the state around human settlements; in the thickest settled valleys occurs widely over uncultivated land, often a mile or more from the nearest build- Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 323 ing. An immigrant from Europe. In west-central California a variation has appeared, of possible phylogenetic importance (Dice, Science, n. s., 35, 1912, pp. 834-836). Family GEOMYIDAE Thomomys bottae bottae (Eydoux and Gervais) California Pocket Gopher Original description—‘Oryctomys (Saccophorus) bottae Eydoux and Gervais, Mag. de Zool., 6, 1836, p. 23, pl. 21.” Type locality—Coast of California: Monterey (see Allen, Bull: Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, 1893, p. 57). Synonyms—Thomomys talpoides bulbivorus; Thomomys bulbworus. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in the San Francisco Bay region, south along the coast to Ventura County, and north at least through Marin County; east into Contra Costa County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Thomomys bottae pallescens Rhoads San Diego Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys bottae pallescens Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., March 19, 1895, p. 36. Type locality—Grapelands, San Bernardino County, Cali- fornia. Synonym—Southern Pocket Gopher. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones in the San Diegan district, from the Mexican line northwest into Ventura County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Thomomys bottae laticeps Baird Humboldt Bay Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys laticeps Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, April, 1855, p. 335. Type locality—Humboldt Bay, Humboldt County, Cali- fornia. Synonyms—Thomomys bottae, part; Broad-headed Pocket Gopher. Range—Transition zone in the humid coast belt in the vicin- ity of Humboldt Bay (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 324 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [ Proc. 47H Ser. Thomomys angularis angularis Merriam Los Bafios Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys angularis Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, July 15, 1897, p. 214. Type locality—Los Banos, Merced County, California. Synonym—San Joaquin Pocket Gopher. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones on west side of San Joaquin Valley, at least from Los Banos, Merced County, north to Tracy, San Joaquin County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Thomomys angularis pascalis Merriam Fresno Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys angularis pascalis Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, July 19, 1901, p. 111. Type locality—Fresno, San Joaquin Valley, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in the southern San Joaquin Valley, from the vicinity of Bakersfield north at least to Fresno, and west as far as the Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Thomomys mewa Merriam Digger Pine Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys mewa Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, June 9, 1908, p. 146. Type locality—Raymond, Madera County, California. Range—Digger Pine belt, in the Upper Sonoran zone, along the west base of the Sierra Nevada at least from Placer County south to Kern County (Merriam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Thomomys leucodon navus Merriam Red Bluff Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomvys leucodon navus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, July 19, 1901, p. 112. Type locality—Red Bluff, Tehama County, California. Range—Upper and Lower Sonoran zones in the Sacramento Valley. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 325 Thomomys fuscus fisheri Merriam Fisher Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys fuscus fisheri Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, July 19, 1901, pp. 111, 112. Type locality—Beckwith, Sierra Valley, Plumas County, California. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in the Modoc region of northeastern California. Thomomys operarius Merriam Owens Lake Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys operarius Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, July 15, 1897, pp. 215, 216. Type locality—Keeler, Owens Lake, Inyo County, Cali- fornia. Synonym—Owens Valley Pocket Gopher. Range—Lower Sonoran zone; restricted to the immediate vicinity of Owens Lake (Elliot, Field. Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, 1904, p. 300; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Thomomys scapterus Elliot Panamint Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys scapterus Elliot, Field. Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, pp. 248, 249. Type locality—Hannopee Canyon, Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, California. Range—Upper Sonoran (?) zone in the Panamint Moun- tains, Inyo County (Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, 1904, p: S01): Thomomys aureus perpes Merriam Lone Pine Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys aureus perpes Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, July 19, 1901, p. 111. Type locality—Lone Pine, Owens Valley, Inyo County, California. Synonyms—Thomomys perpallidus perpes; Thomomys perpallidus, part; Golden Pocket Gopher. 326 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones on the Mohave Desert, north through the Inyo region, south to north base of San Bernardino Mountains, west to Antelope Valley, in northern Los Angeles County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Thomomys albatus Grinnell Imperial Valley Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys albatus Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, June 7, 1912, pp. 172, 173. Type locality—California side of lower Colorado River at the old Hanlon Ranch, near Pilot Knob, Imperial County. Synonyms—Thomomys fulvus, part; Thomomys perpal- lidus, part. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in the delta area on the Colorado Desert in Imperial County, from near Pilot Knob west to Carrizo Creek and north to Salton Sea (Grinnell, supra cit., pp. 173, 174). ‘ Thomomys perpallidus Merriam Palm Springs Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys talpoides perpallidus Mer- riam, Science, 8, December 24, 1886, p. 588. Type locality—Palm Springs, Riverside County, California (see Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, p. 138). Synonyms—Thomomys fulvus perpallidus; Pallid Pocket Gopher ; Pale-colored Gopher. Range—Lower Sonoran zone at extreme northwest border of Colorado Desert in vicinity of Palm Springs, Riverside County (Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, 1912, p. 173). Thomomys cabezonae Merriam Cabezon Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys cabezonae Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, July 19, 1901, p. 110. Type locality—Cabezon, San Gorgonio Pass, Riverside County, California. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones in San Gorgonio Pass and adjacent foothills, Riverside County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 327 Thomomys nigricans Rhoads Tawny Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys fulvus nigricans Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., March 19, 1895, p. 36. Type locality—Witch Creek, San Diego County, California. Synonym—Thomomys fulvus, part; Dark-colored Gopher. Range—Upper Sonoran and lower Transition zones in the San Diegan district, from near the Mexican line north to the west side of the San Jacinto Mountains (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Thomomys altivallis Rhoads San Bernardino Mountain Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys altivallis Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., March 19, 1895, pp. 34, 35. Type locality—San Bernardino Mountains, 5000 feet alti- tude, San Bernardino County, California. Range—Transition and Boreal zones on the San Bernar- dino and San Jacinto mountains, San Bernardino and River- side counties (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Thomomys alpinus alpinus Merriam Mount Whitney Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys alpinus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, July 15, 1897, p. 216. Type locality—Cottonwood Meadows, 10,000 feet altitude, 8 miles southeast of Mount Whitney, in Inyo County, Cali- fornia. Synonym—Alpine Pocket Gopher. Range—Transition and Boreal zones in the southern Sierra Nevada, from Taylor Meadow (near Kern County line), Tulare County, north at least to head of Kern River, Tulare County; ranging also down on the adjacent east slopes, in Inyo County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Thomomys alpinus awahnee Merriam Yosemite Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys alpinus awahnee Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, June 9, 1908, pp. 146, 147. 328 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Type locality—Yosemite Valley, Mariposa County, Cali- fornia. Range—As far as known, Transition zone in Yosemite Valley (Merriam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Thomomys monticola Allen Sierra Nevada Pocket Gopher Original description—Thomomys monticola Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, April 28, 1893, p. 48. Type locality—Mount Tallac, 7500 feet altitude, Eldorado County, California. Synonyms—Mountain Pocket Gopher ; Pine Woods Gopher ; Thomomys monticola pinetorum Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, October, 1899, p. 97 (type from Sisson, Siskiyou County, California). Range—Transition and Boreal zones on the northern Sierra Nevada, from the Tahoe region north to Mount Shasta, thence west through the Trinity Mountains (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Family HETEROMYIDAE Perognathus panamintinus panamintinus Merriam Panamint Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus longimembris pana- mintinus Merriam, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., September 27, 1894, p. 265. Type locality—Perognathus Flat, altitude 5200 feet, Pana- mint Mountains, Inyo County, California. Range—Upper Sonoran zone on the Panamint Mountains, Inyo County (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 18, 1900, pp. 28, 29). Perognathus panamintinus bangsi Mearns Bangs Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus longimembris bangst Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10, August 31, 1898, p. 300. Type locality—Palm Springs, Colorado Desert, Riverside County, California. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 329 Synonyms—Perognathus panamintinus arenicola Stephens, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, June 13, 1900, p. 153 (type from San Felipe Narrows, eastern San Diego County, California) ; Perognathus ,pericalles Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, pp. 252, 253 (type from Keeler, Inyo County, California). Range—Lower Sonoran and low Upper Sonoran zones in the Colorado and Mohave desert region, west to the eastern margin of the San Diegan district, and north through the Inyo region to the head of Owens Valley (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 18, 1900, pp. 29, 30; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perognathus panamintinus brevinasus Osgood Short-nosed Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus panamintinus brevinasus’ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 18, September, 1900, p. 30. Type locality—San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, California. Synonym—Perognathus longimembris, part. Range—Lower Sonoran, and low Upper Sonoran zones in the San Diegan district, from the Mexican line northwest at least to San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles County (Osgood, supra cit., p. 31; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perognathus elibatus Elliot Mount Pinos Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus elibatus Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 252. Type locality—Lockwood Valley, altitude 5500 feet, near Mount Pinos, Ventura County, California. Range—Upper Sonoran zone, in Lockwood Valley, near Mount Pinos, Ventura County (Elliot, supra cit.; also ibid., March, 1904, p. 307). ' Perognathus pacificus Mearns Pacific Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus pacificus Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10, August 31, 1898, p. 299. August 26, 1913. 330 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. Type locality—Mexican boundary monument no. 258, shore of Pacific Ocean, near Tia Juana, San Diego County, Califor- nia. Range—Apparently Upper Sonoran zone close to the ocean shore; known only from the type locality, and from a similar place in the extreme northwestern corner of San Diego County (Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, p. 165). Perognathus bombycinus Osgood Yuma Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus bombycinus Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, February 23, 1907, pp. 19, 20. Type locality—Yuma, Arizona. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in extreme southeastern ‘corner of Imperial County: vicinity of Pilot Knob (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perognathus longimembris longimembris (Coues) San Joaquin Pocket Mouse Original description—Otognosis longimembris Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., August, 1875, p. 305. Type locality—Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. Synonyms—Perognathus tmornatus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 1, October, 1889, p. 15 (type from Fresno, California) ; Cricetodipus parvus; Perognathus parvus. Range—Sonoran zones in the San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys, from Fort Tejon, Kern County, north to Sites, Colusa County (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Taylor, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, 1912, pp. 156, 162). Perognathus longimembris neglectus Taylor McKittrick Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus longimembris neglectus Taylor, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, May 21, 1912, p. 155. Type locality—McKittrick, Kern County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on west side of southern San Joaquin Valley: vicinity of McKittrick, Kern County, and Simmler, Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County (Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 331 Perognathus parvus mollipilosus Coues Coues Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus mollipilosus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., August 1875, p. 296. Type locality—Fort Crook (about 2 miles northeast of Burgettville), Shasta County, California. Synonym—P erognathus monticola. Range—Upper Sonoran, Transition, and lower Boreal zones in the Modoc region, from Mount Shasta and vicinity east to the Warner Mountains, and south to Vinton, Plumas County (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 18, 1900, p. 37; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perognathus parvus olivaceus Merriam Great Basin Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus olivaceus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 1, October, 1889, pp. 15, 16. Type locality—Kelton, Boxelder County, Utah. Range—Upper Sonoran and lower Transition zones east of the Sierra Nevada, from Long Valley, Mono County, south to foothills due west of Independence, Inyo County; also at Lower Alkali Lake, extreme eastern border of Modoc County (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 18, 1900, p. 38; Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Perognathus parvus magruderensis Osgood Mount Magruder Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus parvus magruderensis Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 18, September, 1900, p. 38. Type locality—Mount Magruder, 8000 feet altitude, Esmer- alda County, Nevada. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones on the desert ranges of the Inyo region, from the White Mountains south to the Panamint and Coso ranges (Osgood, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Perognathus xanthonotus Grinnell Walker Pass Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus xanthonotus Grinnell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, July 31, 1912, pp. 127, 128. Type locality—Freeman Canyon, 4900 feet altitude, east slope of Walker Pass, Kern County, California. 332 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. Range—Tree-yucca belt (high Lower Sonoran and low Upper Sonoran zones) in vicinity of Walker Pass, Kern County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perognathus alticola Rhoads White-eared Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus alticolus Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., December, 1893, p. 412. Type locahty—Squirrel Inn, near Little Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, San Bernardino County, California. Range—lKnown only from the lower Transition zone in the near vicinity of the type locality (Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, p. 166). Perognathus baileyi baileyi Merriam Bailey Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus baileyi Merriam, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., September 27, 1894, pp. 262, 263. Type locality—Magdalena, Sonora, Mexico. Range—Agave belt of Upper Sonoran zone at Mountain Spring, near Mexican boundary, San Diego County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perognathus formosus Merriam Long-tailed Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus formosus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 1, October, 1889, pp. 17, 18. Type locality—St. George, Washington County, Utah. Synonym—Perognathus mesembrinus Elliot, Field. Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 251 (type from Palm Springs, Colorado Desert, Riverside County, California). Range—Upper and Lower Sonoran zones in portions of the Mohave desert region; northwest through the Inyo region at least to Lone Pine and the Inyo Mountains; southwest to the north base of the San Bernardino Mountains and to La Puerta, eastern San Diego County; southeast to the Colorado River at Pilot Knob, Imperial County (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 18, 1900, p. 41). Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 333 Perognathus penicillatus penicillatus Woodhouse Colorado Desert Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus penicillatus Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, December, 1852, pp. 200, 201. Type locality—Somewhere near San Francisco Mountain, Arizona, possibly Little Colorado Desert (see Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 18, 1900, p. 45). Synonym—Perognathus penicillatus angustirostris Osgood, supra cit., p. 47 (type from Carrizo Creek, western edge of Colorado Desert, Imperial County, California). Range—Lower Sonoran zone on Colorado Desert, west to La Puerta, eastern San Diego County, northwest to Cabezon, Riverside County, and north along the Colorado River bottom to Needles (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perognathus penicillatus stephensi Merriam Stephens Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus stephensi Merriam, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., September 27, 1894, p. 267. Type locality—Mesquite Valley, northwest arm of Death Valley, Inyo County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Mohave Desert : Death Valley, Inyo County, south to Victorville, San Bernardino County (Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, 1904, p. 309; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perognathus fallax fallax Merriam San Diego Short-eared Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus fallax Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 1, October, 1889, pp. 19, 20. Type locality—Reche Canyon, 3 miles southeast of Colton, San Bernardino County, California (fide Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 18, 1900, p. 55). Range—Lower Sonoran zone in southern part of the San Diegan district, from the Mexican line northwest at least to the vicinity of Riverside (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 334 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [ Proc. 4TH SER. Perognathus fallax pallidus Mearns Pallid Short-eared Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus fallax pallidus Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, August 9, 1901, pp. 135, 136. Type locality—Mountain Spring, east slope of coast range near Mexican boundary, in San Diego County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone along western rim of Colo- rado and Mohave deserts, from the Mexican line northwest at least to Victorville; in other words, east slope of main moun- tain divides in San Diego, Riverside and San Bernardino counties (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perognathus californicus californicus Merriam California Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus californicus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 1, October, 1889, p. 26. Type locality—Berkeley, Alameda County, California. Synonyms—Perognathus armatus Merriam, supra cit., p. 27 (type from Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, Califor- nia); Perognathus californicus dispar Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 18, 1900, p. 58 (type from Carpinteria, Santa Bar- bara County, California), part. Range—Upper Sonoran zone in west central California, south of Golden Gate and Strait of Carquinez; south through the northern part of the San Diegan district at least to and including Los Angeles County; also western foothills of south- ern Sierra Nevada north at least to Raymond, Madera County (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Osgood, supra cit., p. 59). Perognathus californicus ochrus Osgood Kern County Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus californicus ochrus Os- good, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, June 9, 1904, p. 128. Type locality—Santiago Springs, 16 miles southwest of McKittrick, Kern County, California. Synonym—Perognathus californicus dispar, part. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in the southern San Joaquin Valley, west to Cuyama Valley, and north to Alcalde, Fresno County (Osgood, supra cit.). Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 335 Perognathus californicus femoralis Allen Dulzura Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus femoralis Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, June 30, 1891, p. 281. Type locality—Dulzura, San Diego County, California. Synonym—Perognathus californicus dispar, part; Great California Pocket Mouse. Range—High Upper Sonoran zone in the San Diegan dis- trict, from the Mexican line north to the southwest slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perognathus spinatus spinatus Merriam Spiny Pocket Mouse Original description—Perognathus spinatus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 1, October, 1889, p. 21. Type locality—California side of the Colorado River, 25 miles below The Needles, San Bernardino County. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on hilly parts of the Colorado desert, from the Mexican line northwest to Palm Springs, Riverside County, and along the Colorado River to near Needles (Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 18, 1900, p. 60; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perodipus agilis agilis (Gambel) Gambel Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys agilis Gambel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, August, 1848, pp. 77, 78. Type locality—Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Califor- nia. Synonyms—Gambel Pocket Rat; ?Dipodomys heermanni Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., January, 1853, p. 224 (type taken by Heermann in the “Sierra Nevada’’—possibly Fort Tejon) ; ?Dipodomys wagneri Le Conte, /. c. (no locality ; possibly not from California). Range—Upper and Lower Sonoran zones in the San Diegan district, from the Mexican line northwest at least into Ventura County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 336 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. Perodipus agilis tularensis Merriam Tulare Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus agilis tularensis Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, July 14, 1904, p. 143. Type locality—Alila (Earlimart), Tulare County, Cali- fornia. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in the southern San Joaquin Valley, at least from near Bakersfield northwest to Los Banos, Merced County; west to Carrizo Plain and Cuyama Valley, San Luis Obispo County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perodipus perplexus Merriam Walker Basin Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus perplexus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, July 22, 1907, p. 79. Type locality—Walker Basin, Kern County, California. Range—Upper Sonoran zone of the foothills and small in- terior valleys of the southern Sierra and Tejon Mountains, from Walker Basin to Tejon Pass (Merriam, supra cit.). Perodipus morroensis Merriam Morro Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus morroensis Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, July 22, 1907, pp. 78, 79. Type locality—Morro, San Luis Obispo County, California. Range—Known only from the original description, as above. Perodipus goldmani Merriam Goldman Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus goldmani Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, July 14, 1904, p. 143. Type locality—Salinas, mouth of Salinas Valley, Monterey County, California. Range—Known only from the type locality, as above. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 337 Perodipus venustus Merriam Santa Cruz Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus venustus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, July 14, 1904, p. 142. Type locality—Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County, California. Synonym—Santa Cruz Pocket Rat. Range—Upper Sonoran zone south from San Francisco Bay through the Santa Cruz district at least to the Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey County (Merriam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Perodipus streatori streatori Merriam Streator Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus streatori Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 9, July 21, 1894, pp. 113, 114. Type locality—Carbondale, Amador County, California. Synonym—Streator Pocket Rat. Range—Upper Sonoran zone along lower west slope of central Sierra Nevada. Perodipus streatori simulans Merriam Dulzura Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus streatori simulans Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, July 14, 1904, p. 144. Type locality—Dulzura, San Diego County, California. Range—Dulzura and Twin Oaks, in San Diego County, “and thence northward at least to Morro in San Luis Obispo County” (Merriam, supra cit.). Perodipus ingens Merriam Carrizo Plain Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus ingens Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, July 14, 1904, pp. 141, 142. Type locality—Painted Rock, 20 miles southeast of Simmler, Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County, California. Synonym—Big Pocket Rat. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on west side of southern San Joaquin Valley: vicinity of McKittrick, Kern County; Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County; and Cuyama Valley, in extreme northern Santa Barbara County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 338 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Perodipus panamintinus Merriam Panamint Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus panamintinus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 9, June 21, 1894, p. 114. Type locality—Head of Willow Creek, Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, California. Synonym—Panamint Pocket Rat. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones throughout the Inyo region, and west along northern border of Mohave desert at least to Antelope Valley, northern Los Angeles County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Perodipus cabezonae Merriam Cabezon Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus cabezonae Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, July 14, 1904, pp. 144, 145. Type locality—Cabezon, Colorado Desert, Riverside County, California. Range—Known only from the type locality, as above. Perodipus stephensi Merriam Stephens Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus stephensi Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, July 22, 1907, p. 78. Type locality—San Jacinto Valley, Riverside County, Cali- fornia. Range—Known only from the original description, as above. Perodipus microps microps Merriam Small-faced Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus microps Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, July 14, 1904, p. 145. Type locality—Lone Pine, Owens Valley, Inyo County, California. Synonym—lInyo Pocket Rat. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones of the Mohave desert and Inyo regions; north to near Benton, Mono County ; south to Victorville, San Bernardino County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 339 Perodipus microps levipes Merriam Light-footed Kangaroo Rat Original description—Perodipus microps levipes Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, July 14, 1904, p. 145. Type locality—Perognathus Flat, Emigrant Gap, Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, California. : Range—Known only from the original description, as above. Dipodomys deserti deserti Stephens Big Desert Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys deserti Stephens, Amer. Nat., 21, January, 1887, pp. 42-49, pl. 5. Type locality—Mohave River, near Hesperia, San Bernar- dino County, California. Synonym—Desert Pocket Rat. Fange—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado and Mohave deserts ; west to Carrizo Creek, western Imperial County, and to Palm Springs, Riverside County; north at least to Ballarat, Inyo County (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, 1904, p. 304). Dipodomys deserti helleri Elliot Heller Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys deserti helleri Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 249. Type locality—Keeler, Owens Lake, Inyo County, Cali- fornia. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in near vicinity of Owens Lake, Inyo County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Dipodomys merriami simiolus Rhoads Allied Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys simiolus Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (1893), January, 1894, pp. 410, 411. Type locality—Agua Caliente (Palm Springs), Riverside County, California. Synonyms—Dipodomys similis Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (1893), January, 1894, p. 411 (type from White- 340 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [ Proc. 4TH SER. water, Riverside County, California); Mimic Pocket Rat; ?Dipodomys phillipsi, part. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones on the Colorado and Mohave deserts and the included and adjacent mountain ranges, from the Mexican line north to the Inyo region, west to the east slopes of the San Jacinto and San Bernardino mountains’( Mus. Vert. Zool.). Dipodomys merriami parvus Rhoads San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys parvus Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 28, January, 1894, pp. 70, 71. Type locality—San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, California. Synonym—San Bernardino Pocket Rat. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in the San Diegan district, from near the Mexican line north at least to the Cajon Wash, near San Bernardino (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Dipodomys merriami nitratus Merriam Keeler Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys merriami nitratus Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 9, June 21, 1894, p. 112. Type locality—Keeler, Owens Lake, Inyo County, Cali- fornia. Synonym—Keeler Pocket Rat. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in the near vicinity of Owens Lake, Inyo County (Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, 1904, p. 302; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Dipodomys merriami mortivallis Elliot Death Valley Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys merriami mortivallis Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, pp. 250, 25; Type locality—Furnace Creek, Death Valley, Inyo County, California. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 341 Range—Lower Sonoran zone in Death Valley and adjacent parts of the desert floor, Inyo County (Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, 1904, p. 303). Dipodomys merriami nevadensis Merriam Nevada Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys merriami nevadensis Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 9, June 21, 1894, pp. 111, 112. Type locality—Pyramid Lake, Washoe County, Nevada. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones along the east- central border of the state, in Mono and Inyo counties, south into Owens Valley (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Dipodomys merriami kernensis Merriam Kern Valley Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys merriami kernensis Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, July 22, 1907, pp. 77, 78. Type locality—Onyx, Kern County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on west slope of Sierran divide in Kern Valley, Kern County: Onyx, Weldon and Kelso Creek (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Dipodomys merriami nitratoides Merriam Tipton Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys merriami nitratoides Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 9, June 21, 1894, p. 112. Type locality—Tipton, Tulare County, California. Synonym—Tulare Pocket Rat. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in bed of southern San Joaquin Valley, chiefly if not altogether on the west-side alkali plains, from near Tulare Lake to Bakersfield (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Dipodomys merriami exilis Merriam Fresno Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys merriami exilis Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 9, June 21, 1894, pe. 113: Type locality—Fresno, San Joaquin Valley, California. Synonym—Least Pocket Rat. Range—Known only from the original description, as above. 342 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. Dipodomys californicus Merriam California Kangaroo Rat Original description—Dipodomys californicus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4, October, 1890, p. 49. Type locality—Ukiah, Mendocino County, California. Synonyms—Dipodomys californicus pallidulus Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, 1, July 31, 1899, pp. 65, 66 (type from Sites, Colusa County, California); California Pocket Rat; Dipodomys phillip, part. Range—Upper Sonoran and lower Transition zones in northwestern California; south to Nicasio, Marin County, north to Scott River Valley, Siskivou County, east to Chico, Butte County, and Vacaville, Solano County (Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Microdipodops californicus Merriam Sierra Valley Kangaroo Mouse Original description—Microdipodops californicus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, July 19, 1901, p. 128. Type locality—Sierra Valley, near Vinton, Plumas County, California. Synonym—California Dwarf Pocket Rat. Range—Upper Sonoran zone; known only from the type locality, as above. Family ZAPODIDAE Zapus major Preble Warner Mountain Jumping Mouse Original description—Zapus major Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15, August 8, 1899, pp. 24, 25. Type locality—Warner Mountains, Lake County, Oregon. Range—Transition and Boreal zones in the mountains of eastern Modoc County, from Goose Lake and Sugar Hill, south to Warren Peak, Warner Mountains (Taylor, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 7; 1911, p. 282; Mus. Vert. Zool.). : Zapus trinotatus trinotatus Rhoads Northwestern Jumping Mouse Original description—Zapus trinotatus Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (1894), January 15, 1895, pp. 421, 422. Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 343 Type locality—Lulu Island, mouth of Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada. Range—Boreal zone in extreme northern humid coast belt : Crescent City, Del Norte County, and Carson’s Camp on Mad River, Humboldt County (Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15, 1899, pp. 26, 27). Zapus trinotatus alleni Elliot Allen Jumping Mouse Original description—Zapus alleni Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 1, March, 1898, pp. 212, 213. Type locality—Pyramid Peak, in Eldorado County, near Lake Tahoe, California. Range—Boreal zone on the Sierra Nevada, from Kern Peak, Tulare County, north to Mount Shasta, thence west through the Trinity Mountains, in Trinity and Siskiyou counties (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Zapus orarius Preble Point Reyes Jumping Mouse Original description—Zapus orarius Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15, August 8, 1899, pp. 29, 30. Type locality—Point Reyes, Marin County, California. Synonym—Coast Jumping Mouse; Zapus pacificus, part. Range—High Transition and Boreal zones in humid coast belt, from Point Reyes north to Humboldt Bay (Preble, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Zapus pacificus Merriam Pacific Jumping Mouse Original description—Zapus pacificus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, April 26, 1897, p. 104. Type locality—Prospect, Rogue River Valley, Jackson County, Oregon. Range—One record: Little Shasta Creek, Siskiyou County, one specimen, “not typical” (Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15, 1899, pp. 30, 31; Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 99). 344 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. Family ERETHIZONTIDAE Erethizon epixanthum epixanthum Brandt Yellow-haired Porcupine f Original description—“Erethizon epixanthus Brandt, Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg, 1835, p. 390, pls. 1, 9.” Type locality—“‘California (or Unalaska).” Synonym—Erethizon dorsatus epixanthus. Range—High Transition and Boreal zones along the Sierra Nevada, from Mount Shasta (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 98) to the vicinity of Mount Whitney (Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Family APLODONTIIDAE Aplodontia californica (Peters) Sierra Mountain Beaver Original description—Haplodon leporinus var. californicus Peters, Monats. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1864, pp. 177-179. Type locality—The Sierra of California. Synonym—A plodontia major Merriam, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 3, May, 1886, p. 316 (type from Sierra Nevada, in Placer County, California) ; Haplodontia rufa californica; California Sewellel; California Mountain Beaver. Range—High Transition and Boreal zones on the central Sierra Nevada, Mount Shasta, and the Trinity and Siskiyou mountains (Mus. Vert. Zool. ; Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, p. 94). Aplodontia phaea Merriam Point Reyes Mountain Beaver Original description—Aplodontia phaea Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, January 31, 1899, p. 20, Type locality—Point Reyes, Marin County, California. Synonyms—Haplodontia phaea; Dark Sewellel; ?Haplodon rufus. Range—Transition and Boreal zones in the humid north- west coast belt, south as far as Lagunitas, Marin County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 345 Family SCIURIDAE Marmota flaviventer (Audubon and Bachman) Yellow-bellied Marmot Original description—Arctomys flaviventer Audubon and Bachman, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., October, 1841, pp. 99, 100. Type locality—Mountains between Texas and California. Synonym—Y ellow-bellied Woodchuck. Range—High Transition and Boreal zones on the Sierra Nevada from Cannell Meadow (near Kern County line), Tulare County, north at least to Nevada County (Mus. Vert. Zool. ). Citellus beecheyi douglasi (Richardson) Douglas Ground Squirrel Original description—Arctomys douglasii Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 1, 1829, p. 172. Type locality—Banks of the Columbia River, Oregon. Synonyms—Citellus douglasi; Citellus variegatus douglasi; Spermophilus grammurus douglasi; Citellus grammurus doug- lasi. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones throughout northern California, north from San Francisco Bay to the Oregon line; east across the upper end of the Sacramento Valley and through the Shasta and Modoc regions to the Warner Mountains. The range of douglasi is restricted to the west side of the Sacramento River north as far as Butte Creek, when it spreads northeast across the Valley to take in Chico and the mountain mass beyond, including Lassen Peak (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Merriam, Dept. Agric., Bur. Biol. Surv. Cire: 76; 1910s pps 2.3). Citellus beecheyi beecheyi (Richardson) California Ground Squirrel Original description—Arctomys beecheyi Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 1, 1829, p. 170, pl. 12. Type locality—Neighborhood of San Francisco and Monte- rey, in California. August 26, 1913. 346 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. Synonyms—Digger Squirrel; Beechey Ground Squirrel; Spermophilus beecheyt; Spermophilus grammurus beecheyi; Citellus variegatus beecheyi; Citellus grammurus beecheyi. Range—Upper Sonoran, Lower Sonoran and Transition zones of west-central California, south from San Francisco Bay throughout the coast region as far as Ventura County; also Sacramento Valley east of Sacramento River and south of Butte and Lassen counties; also northern portion of the San Joaquin Valley and west slope of middle Sierra Nevada (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Merriam, Dept. Agric., Bur. Biol. Surv. Circ. 76,2910). pp.Z, 3) Citellus beecheyi fisheri (Merriam) Fisher Ground Squirrel Original description—Spermophilus beecheyi fisheri Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 8, December 28, 1893, pp. 133, 134. Type locality—Kern Valley, 25 miles above (= east of) Kernville, Kern County, California. Synonyms—S permophilus grammurus fisheri; Citellus varte- gatus fisheri; Citellus granumurus fishert. Range—Lower Sonoran, Upper Sonoran, and Transition zones in the southern San Joaquin Valley and surrounding mountains, north at least to Madera County; east over the southern Sierra Nevada and on the desert ranges of the Inyo region as far east as the Panamint Mountains; and south through the San Diegan district and adjacent edges of the Mohave and Colorado deserts to the Mexican line (Mus. Vert. Zool.; Merriam, Dept. Agric., Bur. Biol. Surv. Circ., 76, 1910, Pp:.2; 13): Citellus beecheyi nesioticus Elliot Catalina Island Ground Squirrel Original description—Citellus nesioticus Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, March, 1904, pp. 263, 264. Type locality—Santa Catalina Island, Santa Barbara group. California. Range—Santa Catalina Island (Elliot, supra cit.). Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 347 Citellus variegatus grammurus (Say) Rock Squirrel Original description—Sciurus grammurus Say, in Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., 2, 1823, p. 72. Type locality—Purgatory River, near mouth of Chacuaco Creek, Las Animas County, Colorado (fide Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 33, 1911, p. 87). Range—Upper and Lower Sonoran zones in extreme eastern San Bernardino County: Province Mountains and canyons of the Colorado River (Merriam, Dept. Agric., Bur. Biol. Surv. Circ, 76; 19105 pa2ye Citellus tereticaudus tereticaudus (Baird) Round-tailed Ground Squirrel Original description—S permophilus tereticaudus Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, pp. 315, 316. Type locality—Fort Yuma, Imperial County, California. Synonym—Round-tailed Spermophile. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado desert, in Imperial County, west to La Puerta, eastern San Diego County; north along the valley of the Colorado River as far as Needles (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Citellus tereticaudus chlorus Elliot Palm Springs Ground Squirrel Original description—Citellus chlorus Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 242. Type locality—Palm Springs, Riverside County, California. Synonym—Pale Spermophile. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the extreme west end of the Colorado Desert: Mecca northwest to Whitewater, River- side County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Citellus eremonomus Elliot Death Valley Ground Squirrel Original description—Citellus eremonomus Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 243. 348 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [ Proc. 4TH Ser. Type locality—Furnace Creek, Death Valley, Inyo County, California. Synonym—Death Valley Spermophile. Range—Death Valley, Inyo County (Elliot, supra cit.). Citellus mohavensis (Merriam) Mohave Ground Squirrel Original description—Spermophilus mohavensis Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 2, October, 1889, p. 15. Type locality—Mohave River, above Victorville, San Ber- nardino County, California. Synonyms—Citellus tereticaudus mohavenis; Mohave Desert Spermophile. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on southwestern part of Mohave Desert (as above), northeast to Daggett (Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, 1904, p. 291; Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, p. 72). Citellus mollis stephensi (Merriam) Stephens Ground Squirrel Original description—Spermophilus mollis stephensi Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, March 24, 1898, pp. 69, 70. Type locality—Queen Station, near head of Owens Valley, in Esmeralda County, Nevada. Synonym—Stephens Spermophile. Range—Upper Sonoran zone in extreme east-central Cali- fornia: head of Owens Valley, Mono County (Merriam, supra cit.; Stephens, Calif. Mammals, 1906, p. 71). Citellus oregonus (Merriam) Oregon Ground Squirrel Original description—Spermophilus oregonus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, March 24, 1898, p. 69. Type locality—Swan Lake Valley, Klamath Basin, Klamath County, Oregon. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in eastern part of Modoc region: Alturas; Sugar Hill; Warner Moun- tains (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 349 Citellus beldingi (Merriam) Belding Ground Squirrel Original description—S permophilus beldingi Merriam, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 4, December 28, 1888, pp. 317-320. Type locality—Donner, Placer County, California. Synonyin—Belding Spermophile. Range—Transition and Boreal zones on the central Sierra Nevada, at least from Nevada County to Eldorado County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias pictus (Allen) Sage-brush Chipmunk Original description—Tamias minimus pictus Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, June, 1890, p. 115. Type locality—Kelton, Boxelder County, Utah. Synonym—Tamias pictus; Eutamias minimus pictus. Range—Upper Sonoran zone along east base of Sierra Nevada, at least from Mono County south to latitude of Inde- pendence on both east and west sides of Owens Valley (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias alpinus (Merriam) Alpine Chipmunk Original description—Tanuas alpinus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 8, December 28, 1893, pp. 137, 138. Type locality—Big Cottonwood Meadows, 10,000 feet alti- tude, Sierra Nevada, Inyo County, California. Range—Boreal zone on the southern Sierra Nevada, from Olancha Peak, Tulare County, northwards at least to Kear- sarge Pass, Inyo County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias amoenus (Allen) Klamath Chipmunk Original description—Tamias amoenus Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, June, 1890, p. 90. ; Type locality—Fort Klamath, Klamath County, Oregon. Synonyms—Tamias quadrimaculatus, part ; Tamias asiaticus quadrivittatus; Sacramento Chipmunk, part. Range—tTransition and Boreal zones throughout northwest- ern California, east to the Warner Mountains, Modoe County ; 350 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. west through the Trinity Mountains, Siskiyou and Trinity counties; and south along the Sierra Nevada to the vicinity of Kearsarge Pass, Inyo and Fresno counties (Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, pp. 190, 192; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias panamintinus (Merriam) Panamint Chipmunk Original description—Tamias panamintinus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 8, December 28, 1893, pp. 134, 135. Type locality—Johnson Canyon, Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, California. Range—Upper Sonoran and low Transition zones, on the desert ranges east of the southern Sierra Nevada; also on the east slope of the main Sierra Nevada in Inyo County, at least from Carroll Creek, northwards to Little Onion Valley (Merriam, supra cit., p. 136; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias speciosus speciosus (Allen) San Bernardino Chipmunk Original description—Tamias speciosus (Merriam, MS) Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, June, 1890, p. 86. Type locality—San Bernardino Mountains, California. Range—High Transition and Boreal zones on the San Jacinto and San Bernardino mountains, and on the extreme southern Sierra Nevada from Taylor Meadow (near Kern County line), Tulare County, north at least to Kearsarge Pass, Inyo County (Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, pp. 191, 200; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias speciosus frater (Allen) Tahoe Chipmunk Original description—Tamias frater Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, June, 1890, p. 88. Type locality—Donner, Placer County, California. Synonyms—Tamias quadrivittatus, part; Sierra Nevada Chipmunk ; Eutamias frater. Range—Transition and Boreal zones on the Sierra Nevada in the vicinity of Summit, Placer County, and Lake Tahoe Vor. IT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 351 (Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, pp. 192, 200), south to vicinity of Kearsarge Pass, in Inyo County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias speciosus inyoensis Merriam Inyo Chipmunk Original description—Eutamias speciosus inyoensis Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, July 1, 1897, pp. 202, 208. Type locality—White Mountains, Inyo County, California. Synonym—Tamias speciosus inyoensis. Range—Transition and Boreal zones on the White and Inyo mountains, Inyo County (Merriam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias speciosus callipeplus (Merriam) Mount Pinos Chipmunk Original description—Tamias callipeplus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 8, December 28, 1893, p. 136. Type locality—Summit of Mount Pinos, Ventura County, California. Range—High Transition and Boreal zones on Mount Pinos, Ventura County, and on the western slope of the southern Sierra Nevada, from the headwaters of the Tule River north- ward nearly to the Yosemite Valley (Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, pp. 191, 200; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias quadrimaculatus (Gray) Long-eared Chipmunk Original description—Tamias quadrimaculatus Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., 20, 1867, pp. 435, 436. Type locality—Michigan Bluff, Placer County, California. Synonyms—Tamias macrorhabdotes Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 3, January 27, 1886, pp. 25-28 (type from Sierra Nevada Mountains, central California, more exactly Blue Canyon, Placer County) ; Eutamias macrorhabdotes. Range—Upper Transition zone along west slope of Sierra Nevada, from Yosemite National Park northward at least to Quincy, Plumas County (Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, p. 206; Mus. Vert. Zool.). * 352 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. Eutamias senex (Allen) Allen Chipmunk Original description—Tamias senex Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, June, 1890, p. 83. Type locality—Summit of Donner Pass, Placer County, California. Synonym—Gray Chipmunk. Range—Boreal zone along the northern Sierra Nevada, south as far as Mariposa County; east to Big Valley Moun- tains, Lassen County, and Warner Mountains, Modoc County ; west to Siskiyou and Trinity mountains (Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, p. 196; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias townsendi ochrogenys Merriam Redwood Chipmunk Original description—Eutamias townsendi ochrogenys Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, July 1, 1897, pp. 195, 206, 207. Type locality—Mendocino, Mendocino County, California. Synonyms—Tamias townsend; Tamias asiaticus town- sendi; Tamias townsendi ochrogenys. Range—Narrow humid northwest coast strip (Transition and Boreal zones) from the Oregon line south to Cazadero, Sonoma County; interiorly as far as Cuddeback, Humboldt County, and Sherwood, Mendocino County (Merriam, supra cit.; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias hindsi (Gray) Marin Chipmunk Original description—Tamuas hindei [= hindsi] Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 10, 1842, p. 264. Type locality—Near San Francisco, California; assumed to be north of the Bay, and Nicasio, Marin County, selected as type locality (Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.* Nat. Hist., 3, 1890, Ae Synonyms—Hinds Chipmunk; Redwood Chipmunk, part; Tamias asiaticus hindsi. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 353 Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in Marin County, and thence north along the inner coast ranges at least to northeastern Mendocino County (Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, p. 197; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias merriami pricei (Allen) Santa Cruz Chipmunk Original description—Tamias pricei Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7, December, 1895, pp. 333-335. Type locality—Portola, San Mateo County, California. Synonyms—Tamias townsendi pricei; Eutanvias merriami, part; Price Chipmunk. Range—Humid Transition and Upper Sonoran in the coast region south of San Francisco Bay, from San Mateo County to Monterey County, inclusive (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Eutamias merriami merriami (Allen) Merriam Chipmunk Original description—Tamias asiaticus merriami Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, October, 1889, pp. 176-178. Type locality—San Bernardino Mountains, San Bernar- dino County, California. Synonyms—Tamias merriami; ?Tamias asiaticus quadri- vittatus. Range—Upper Sonoran and lower Transition zones on the mountains of the San Diegan district, south to the Cuyamaca and Laguna mountains, San Diego County; also north and east through the Tehachapi mountains and along the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada at least to Raymond, Madera County; also north through the coast ranges to San Luis Obispo County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Callospermophilus chrysodeirus chrysodeirus (Merriam) Sierra Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel Original description—Tamias chrysodeirus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4, October, 1890, pp. 19, 20. Type locality—Fort Klamath, Klamath County, Oregon. Synonyms—Callospermophilus chrysodeirus trinitatis Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, July 19, 1901, p. 126 (type 354 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. from Trinity Mountains, east of Hoopa Valley, northwestern California) ; Citellus chrysodeirus; Gilded Ground Squirrel; Spermophilus chrysodeirus. Range—Upper Transition and Boreal zones of the moun- tains of northern California, west through the Trinity and Siskiyou mountains, east to the Warner Mountains, south along the Sierra Nevada as far as Cannell Meadow (near Kern County line), Tulare County; also on Inyo Mountains east of Owens Valley (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Callospermophilus chrysodeirus bernardinus (Merriam) San Bernardino Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel Original description—Spermophilus bernardinus Merriam, Science, n. s., 8, December 2, 1898, p. 782. Type locality—San Bernardino Peak, San Bernardino County, California. Synonyms—S permophilus chrysodeirus brevicaudus Mer- riam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 8, December 28, 1893, p. 134 (type from San Bernardino Peak, San Bernardino Moun- tains, California) ; Citellus chrysodeirus bernardinus. Range—Upper Transition and Boreal zones on the San Bernardino Mountains (Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 5, 1908, p. 141). Ammospermophilus leucurus leucurus (Merriam) Antelope Ground Squirrel Original description—Tamuas leucurus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 2, October, 1889, pp. 19-21. Type locality—San Gorgonio Pass, Riverside County, Cali- fornia. Synonyms—Citellus leucurus vinnulus Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 241 (type from Keeler, Inyo County, California); Citellus leucurus; Spermophilus leucurus; Antelope Chipmunk. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones in the south- eastern desert regions, west to the east slopes of the Coast Ranges in eastern San Diego County, to San Gorgonio Pass as far as Cabezon, and to Antelope Valley, northern Los Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 355 Angeles County; north along the east side of the Sierra Nevada and through the Inyo region to Mono County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Ammospermophilus nelsoni (Merriam) Nelson Ground Squirrel Original description—S permophilus nelsoni Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 8, December 28, 1893, pp. 129, 130. Type locality—Tipton, Tulare County, California. Synonyms—Citellus nelsoni; Nelson Spermophile. Range—Lower Sonoran zone in the San Joaquin Valley, chiefly on the west side, from the vicinity of Bakersfield north- east to near Los Banos, Merced County; west to the Carrizo Plain and Cuyama Valley, San Luis Obispo County, (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sciurus douglasi mollipilosus Audubon and Bachman Redwood Chickaree Original description—Sciurus molli-pilosus Audubon and Bachman, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., October, 1841, p. 102. Type locality—Northern parts of California. Synonyms—Sciurus hudsonicus orarius Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, December 30, 1897, pp. 281, 282 (type from Philo, Mendocino County, California); Sciurus douglasi; Sciurus hudsonius douglassi. Range—Boreal and Transition zones in the northwest humid coast belt, from the Oregon line south as far as Camp Meeker, Sonoma County (Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10, 1898, p. 276; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sciurus douglasi albolimbatus Allen Sierra Chickaree Original description—Sciurus douglasii albolimbatus Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10, November 10, 1898, pp. 452, 453. Type locality—Blue Canyon, Placer County, California. Synonyms—Sciurus hudsonius californicus Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, November, 1890, pp. 165, 166 (type from Blue Canyon, Placer County, California). 356 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH SER. Range—Boreal zone along the entire Sierra Nevada from Taylor Meadow (near Kern County line), Tulare County, north to the Oregon line; east to the Warner Mountains, Modoc County; and west through the Siskiyou and Trinity mountains (Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10, 1898, p. 280; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sciurus griseus griseus Ord California Gray Squirrel Original description—‘Sciurus griseus Ord, Journ. de Phys., 87, 1818, p. 152.” Type locality—‘*The Dalles, Columbia River, Wasco County, Oregon.”’ Synonyms—S ciurus heermanni Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, p. 149 (type from California, probably near Fort Tejon); Sciurus fossor, part; Sciurus griseus nigripes, part; Sciurus leporinus. Range—Transition and high Upper Sonoran zones through- out the Sierra Nevada region, from Greenhorn Mountains, Kern County, north to the Oregon line, thence south coast- wise, chiefly east of the redwood belt, to Marin County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sciurus griseus nigripes Bryant Black-footed Gray Squirrel Original description—Sciurus fossor nigripes Bryant, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., June 20, 1889, pp. 25, 26. Type locality—San Mateo County, California. Synonym—Sciurus fossor, part. Range—Humid coast Transition south of San Francisco Bay, from San Mateo County to Monterey County, inclusive (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sciurus griseus anthonyi Mearns Anthony Gray Squirrel Original description—Sciurus fossor anthonyi Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20, 1898, pp. 501, 502. Type locality—Campbell’s ranch, Laguna Mountains, east- ern San Diego County, California. Synonym—Sciurus fossor nigripes, part. Vor. IIT) GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 357 Range—Transition zone of southern California, from near the Mexican boundary northwest to the mountains of Ventura County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Family PETAURISTIDAE Sciuropterus alpinus stephensi Merriam Mendocino Flying Squirrel Original description—Sciuropterus oregonensis stephensi Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, June 13, 1900, p. 151. Type locality—Sherwood, Mendocino County, California. Synonyms—California Coast Flying Squirrel; Stephens Flying Squirrel. Range—Transition zone in northwest humid coast belt; but one precise locality so far known, as above. Sciuropterus alpinus klamathensis Merriam Klamath Flying Squirrel Original description—Sciuropterus alpinus klamathensis Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, July 15, 1897, p. 225. Type locality—Transition zone, altitude 4200 feet, Fort Klamath, Klamath County, Oregon. Synonym—S ciuropterus volucella hudsonius. Range—Transition and Boreal zones of the interior of northern California: Warner Mountains, Modoc County, and Trinity Mountains, in Siskiyou and Trinity counties (Mus. Vert. Zool.) ; Mount Shasta (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 18995 py 92)s Sciuropterus alpinus lascivus Bangs Sierra Nevada Flying Squirrel Original description—Sciuropterus alpinus lascivus Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, 1, July 31, 1899, p. 69. Type locality—Tallac, Eldorado County, California. Range—Transition zone on central Sierra Nevada. Sciuropterus alpinus californicus Rhoads San Bernardino Flying Squirrel Original description—Sciuropterus alpinus californicus Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June, 1897, pp. 323, 324. 35 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [ Proc. 47H Ser. [oe] Type locality—San Bernardino Mountains, San Bernardino County, California. Synonyms—Sciuropterus californicus; California Flying Squirrel. Range—tTransition zone on the San Bernardino and San Jacinto mountains (Rhoads, supra cit.; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 5, 1908, p. 138; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Family CASTORIDAE Castor subauratus Taylor Golden Beaver Original description—Castor subauratus Taylor, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, May 21, 1912, p. 167. Synonyms—Castor canadensis pacificus; Castor canadensis, part. Type locality—San Joaquin River at Grayson, Stanislaus County, California. Range—Larger streams of Sacramento and San Joaquin basins, at least from Shasta County south to Stanislaus County. Castor canadensis frondator Mearns Sonora Beaver Original description—Castor canadensis frondator Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20, March 5, 1897, pp. 502, 503. Type locality—San Pedro River, near Mexican boundary, Sonora, Mexico. Synonym—Castor canadensis, part. Range—Along the Colorado River from the Nevada line to the Mexican line. Order LAGOMORPHA Family OCHOTONIDAE Ochotona schisticeps (Merriam) Gray-headed Cony Original description—Lagomys schisticeps Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 2, October 30, 1889, p. 11. Type locality—Donner, Placer County, California. Vor. IIT) GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 359 Synonym—Lagomys schisticeps, part; Gray-headed Pika; Lagomys princeps. Range—Boreal zone of central Sierra Nevada, at least from Summit, Placer County, south to Heather Lake, Eldorado County (Mus. Vert. Zool.); Mount Shasta (Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, 1899, p. 99). Ochotona taylori Grinnell Warner Mountain Cony Original description—Ochotona taylori Grinnell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, July 31, 1912, pp. 129, 130. Type locality—Warren Peak, 9000 feet altitude, Warner Mountains, Modoc County, California. Range—Boreal zone on the Warner Mountains, including Sugar Hill, Modoc County (Grinnell, supra cit.). Ochotona albatus Grinnell Mount Whitney Cony Original description—Ochotona albatus Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, January 31, 1912, p. 125. Type locality—Cottonwood Lakes, 11,000 feet, Sierra Nevada, Inyo County, California. Synonym—Ochotona schisticeps, part. Range—Close to timberline in Boreal zone of southern Sierra Nevada, in Inyo and Tulare counties, at least from Kearsarge Pass south to Cottonwood Pass (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Family LEPORIDAE Lepus campestris townsendi Bachman Western White-tailed Jack Rabbit Original description—Lepus townsendi Bachman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, pt. 1, 1839, pp. 90-94, pl. 2. Type locality—Fort Walla Walla, Washington. Synonym—Lepus campestris. Range—Of sparse distribution in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones of the Modoc region of northeastern Cali- fornia: Fort Crook, Shasta County, and Goose Lake, Modoc County (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, p. 82); and Parker Creek, Warner Mountains (Mus. Vert. Zool. ). 360 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. Lepus campestris sierrae Merriam Sierra White-tailed Jack Rabbit Original description—Lepus campestris sierrae Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, July 14, 1904, p. 132. Type locality—Hope Valley, altitude 7800 feet, Alpine County, California. Range—Boreal zone on the Sierra Nevada from vicinity of Lake Tahoe (Merriam, supra cit.) south to Monache Meadows, Tulare County (Mus. Vert. Zool.) ; also, prob- ably, on Mount Shasta (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, p. 84). Lepus washingtoni klamathensis Merriam Oregon Snowshoe Rabbit Original description—Lepus klamathensis Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16, October, 1899, p. 100. Type locality—Fort Klamath, Oregon. Synonym—Klamath Rabbit. Range—Boreal zone on the central Sierra Nevada, at least from Donner, Placer County, to Pacific, Eldorado County (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, pp. 107, 109); also Trinity Mountains, Trinity County (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Lepus californicus californicus Gray California Jack Rabbit Original description—Lepus californica Gray, Mag. Nat. Hist. (Charlesworth), 1, 1837, p. 586. Type locality—St. Antoine, California, that is, Mission of San Antonio, Jolon, Monterey County (fide Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, p. 129). Synonym—Lepus longicaudatus. Range—Upper Sonoran zone of west-central and northern California, from northern Santa Barbara County to the Oregon line, interiorly to include Shasta Valley and the whole of Sacramento Valley and adjacent foothills (Nelson, supra cit., p. 132; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Lepus californicus wallawalla Merriam Washington Jack Rabbit Original description—Lepus texianus wallawalla Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, July 14, 1904, p. 137. Vor. IT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 361 Type locality—Touchet, Plains of Columbia, Washington. Range—Upper Sonoran and lower Transition zones in the Modoc region of northwestern California, west to Beswick, Siskiyou County, and south to Beckwith, Plumas County (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, p. 133; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Lepus californicus richardsoni Bachman San Joaquin Jack Rabbit Original description—Lepus richardsonii Bachman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, pt. 1, 1839, pp. 88-90. Type locality—Not known exactly, but probably near Jolon, Monterey County, California (see Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, 1904, p. 136). Synonyms—Lepus tularensis Merriam, supra cit., pp. 136, 137 (type from Alila [Earlimart], Tulare County, Califor- nia) ; Lepus californicus, part. Range—Lower Sonoran and low Upper Sonoran zones in the San Joaquin Valley, surrounding foothills, and valleys to the westward to and including Salinas and Cuyama valleys (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, p. 136; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Lepus californicus bennetti Gray San Diego Jack Rabbit Original description—‘Lepus bennetti Gray, Zool. Voyage Sulphur, 1844, p. 35, pl. 14.” Type locality—“San Diego, California.” Synonym—Lepus californicus, part. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones in the San Diegan district, from the Mexican line northwest to southern Santa Barbara County, altogether west of the desert divides (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, p. 137; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Lepus californicus deserticola Mearns Colorado Desert Jack Rabbit Original description—Lepus texianus deserticola Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, June 24, 1896, p. 564. Type locality—Western edge of Colorado Desert, at east base of Coast Range, in San Diego County, California. Synonym—Lepus californicus, part. August 26, 1913. 362 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. Range—Chiefly Lower Sonoran zone (locally up through Transition) in the desert regions of southeastern California, west to the eastern confines of the San Diegan district, and north, east of the Sierra Nevada, to Mono Lake (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, pp. 137, 140; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sylvilagus nuttalli nuttalli (Bachman) Washington Cottontail Original description—Lepus nuttallui Bachman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, pt. 2, 1837, pp. 345-348, pl. 22, fig. 1. Type locality—Probably eastern Oregon near mouth of Malheur River (see Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, p. Z01): Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in parts of the Modoc region of northeastern California, west to Shasta Valley, Siskiyou County, and south to Mono Lake, Mono County (Nelson, supra cit., pp. 201, 204; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sylvilagus nuttalli grangeri (Allen) Black Hills Cottontail Original description—Lepus sylvaticus grangeri Allen, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7, August 21, 1895, pp. 264, 265. Type locality—Hill City, Black Hills, Custer County, South Dakota. Synonym—Lepus laticinctus perplicatus Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 255 (type from Hanno- pee Canyon, Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, California. Range—High Upper Sonoran and Transition zones on desert ranges of the Inyo region, from White Mountains south to the Coso and Panamint mountains (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, pp. 204, 207). Sylvilagus auduboni auduboni (Baird) Sacramento Cottontail Original description—Lepus audubont Baird, Pac. R. R. Rep., 8, 1857, pp. 608-610, pl. 58, fig. 2. Type locality—San Francisco, California. Synonym—Lepus sylvaticus auduboni. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 363 Range—Upper Sonoran zone in Sacramento Valley and San Francisco Bay region; recorded north to Red Bluff, Tehama County, and South to Los Banos, Merced County (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, pp. 214, 216; Mus. Vert. Zool.) ; not reported from the coast belt north of San Fran- cisco Bay nor south of the Santa Clara Valley. Sylvilagus auduboni valliccla Nelson San Joaquin Cottontail Original description—Sylvilagus auduboni vallicola Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, July 22, 1907, pp. 82, 83. Type locality—San Emigdio Ranch (25 miles southwest of Bakersfield), Kern County, California. Range—Lower Sonoran zone (locally into Upper Sonoran) in the southern San Joaquin Valley, west to the Cuyama and Salinas valleys; recorded north to Raymond, Madera County, and south to the Walker and Tejon passes (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, pp. 216, 218; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sylvilagus auduboni sanctidiegi (Miller) San Diego Cottontail Original description—Lepus floridanus sanctidiegi Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., October, 1899, pp. 389, 390. Type locality—Mexican boundary near Pacific Ocean, in San Diego County, California. Range—Upper and Lower Sonoran zones in the San Diegan district, west of the desert divides, from southern Ventura County southwest to the Mexican line (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, pp. 218, 220; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sylvilagus auduboni arizonae (Allen) Arizona Cottontail Origiial description—Lepus sylvaticus var. arizonae Allen, Mon. N. Amer. Rodentia, 1877, p. 332. Type locality—Beal Spring, 2 miles from Kingman, Mohave County, Arizona. Synonyms—Lepus laticinctus Elliot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., 3, December, 1903, p. 254 (type from Oro Grande, Mohave Desert, San Bernardino County, California) ; Lepus 364 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. laticinctus rufipes Elliot, supra cit., pp. 254, 255 (type from Furnace Creek, Death Valley, Inyo County, California). Range—Lower Sonoran and, locally, Upper Sonoran zone of the Colorado and Mohave desert regions; west to eastern border of the San Diegan district; north, east of the Sierra Nevada, through Owens Valley (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, pp. 222, 225; Mus. Vert. Zool.). 2 Sylvilagus bachmani bachmani (Waterhouse) California Brush Rabbit Original description—Lepus bachmani Waterhouse, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1838, pp. 103-105. Type locality—California, probably between Monterey and Santa Barbara, later fixed at San Luis Obispo (see Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, p. 247). Synonym—Lepus trowbridgii Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., April, 1855, p. 333 (type from Monterey, California). Range—Upper Sonoran zone in the narrow coastal belt from Santa Monica, Los Angeles County, northwest to Monterey, thence north to Mount Hamilton and along western side of Santa Clara Valley to Black Mountain; also western foothills of Sierra Nevada from Tulare County to Shasta County (Nelson, supra cit., pp. 247, 250; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Sylvilagus bachmani ubericolor (Miller) Redwood Brush Rabbit Original description—Lepus bachmani ubericolor Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., October, 1899, pp. 383, 384. Type locality—Beaverton, Washington County, Oregon. Synonyms—Lepus trowbridgei, part; Lepus bachmani, part ; Lepus floridanus ubericolor. Range—Transition and high Upper Sonoran zones in humid coast belt, from vicinity of Santa Cruz north to the Oregon line, including most of the San Francisco Bay region; also interiorly, at the north, to the head of the Sacramento Valley (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, pp. 250, 252; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 365 Sylvilagus bachmani cinerascens (Allen) Ashy Brush Rabbit Original description—Lepus cinerascens Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, October, 1890, p. 159. Type locality—San Fernando, Los Angeles County, Cali- fornia. Range—Upper Sonoran zone in the San Diegan district, from the Mexican line northwest through the interior of Ven- tura and Santa Barbara counties; thence north through the inner coast ranges west of the San Joaquin Valley to Jolon and Jamesburg on west side of Salinas Valley, in Monterey County; and east around southern rim of San Joaquin Valley to vicinity of Walker Pass (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, pp. 252, 253; Mus. Vert. Zool.). Brachylagus idahoensis (Merriam) Idaho Pigmy Rabbit Original description—Lepus idahoensis Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5, July, 1891, pp. 76, 77. Type locality—Pahsimeroi Valley, Custer County, Idaho. Range—Upper Sonoran zone in extreme eastern part of the Modoc region, northeastern California; the only record station to date is Goose Lake, Modoc County (Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29, 1909, pp. 275, 278). Order ARTIODACTYLA Family CERVIDAE Cervus roosevelti Merriam Roosevelt Elk Original description—Cervus roosevelti Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, December 17, 1897, pp. 272, 273. Type locality—Mount Elaine, near Mount Olympus, Olym- pic Mountains, Washington. Synonyms—Cervus canadensis, part; Cervus canadensis occidentalis; Roosevelt Wapiti. Range—Northwest humid coast belt chiefly in the Transition zone, south formerly to Marin County (Mailliard, MS), east 366 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER at least to the vicinity of Mount Shasta (Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1887, p. 168) ; now existing in relatively small numbers in Del Norte and Humboldt counties (accord- ing to information received through California Fish and Game Commission). Cervus nannodes Merriam Dwarf Elk Original description—Cervus nannodes Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, February 2, 1905, pp. 24, 25. Type locality—Buttonwillow, Kern County, California. Synonym—Cervus canadensis, part; California Wapiti; San Joaquin Valley Elk; Tule Elk. Range—Lower Sonoran zone, formerly in the San Joaquin Valley, especially in its southern part, west through the coast ranges to the Cuyama Valley in northern Santa Barbara County, and to Santa Clara Valley in Santa Clara County (Rowley, MS; Mus. Vert. Zool.) ; also probably north through the Sacramento Valley at least as far as the vicinity of Marys- ville Buttes. Now only in western Kern County, between Tulare and Buena Vista lakes and adjacent hills to the west; a transplanted herd in the Sequoia National Park, Tulare County. Odocoileus virginianus macrourus (Rafinesque) White-tailed Deer Original description—Corvus (=Cervus) macrourus Ra- finesque, Amer. Monthly Mag., 1, October, 1817, p. 436. Type locality—Plains of Kansas River, Upper Missouri Valley. Synonym—Odocoileus americanus macrourus. Range—Said to have formerly occurred in extreme eastern and northeastern California, chiefly in the Modoc region. Many accounts by hunters, but no verified or recent report. Odocoileus columbianus columbianus (Richardson) Columbian Black-tailed Deer Original description—Cervus macrotis var. columbiana Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 1, 1829, p. 257. Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 367 Type locality—Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon or Washington. Synonym—?Cervus lewisii Peale, U. S. Exploring Exped., 8, 1848, “p. 39, pl. 9” (type from Feather River, Upper Cali- fornia). Range—Northwest coast region chiefly in the Transition and Boreal zones; east throughout the inner coast ranges to the Sacramento Valley, and at the north to and including Mount Shasta and near vicinity; south to the north side of San Francisco Bay. Odocoileus columbianus scaphiotus Merriam Southern Black-tailed Deer Original description—Odocoileus columbianus scaphiotus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, April 30, 1898, p. 101. Type locality—Laguna Ranch, Gabilan Range, San Benito County, California. Synonyms—Odocoileus columbianus, part; Columbian Black-tailed Deer, part. Range—Transition and high Upper Sonoran zones south from San Francisco Bay through the Santa Cruz district at least into Monterey and San Benito counties. In spite of expressed doubts as to the existence of two recognizable forms of the black-tailed deer within the state, material accumulated in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences affords basis for the belief that two races do exist (columbianus and scaphiotus), with ranges as here defined (Rowley, MS). Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque) Rocky Mountain Mule Deer Original description—Cervus hemionus Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag., 1, October, 1817, p. 436. Type locality—Sioux River, South Dakota. Range—Eastern California, including main Sierra Nevada south into Kern County and north to vicinity of Mount Lassen, thence northeast through the Modoc region. Western limit at extreme north, Mount Shasta (Rowley, MS). Not in the desert ranges east of Owens Valley except in winter. Occurs in summer on the high Sierras up to timberline; in winter most numerous in the foothills. 368 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Odocoileus hemionus californicus (Caton) California Mule Deer Original description—Cervus macrotis var. californicus Caton, Amer. Nat., 10, August, 1876, p. 464. Type locality—Near Gaviota Pass, 40 miles westward from Santa Barbara, in Santa Barbara County, California. Range—Upper Sonoran and Transition zones of southern California west of the desert proper, from the Mexican line northwest through the San Diegan district at least to San Luis Obispo County, and east through the Tejon region to the Tehachapi Mountains. Odocoileus hemionus eremicus (Mearns) Burro Deer Original description—Dorcelaphus hemionus eremicus Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20, February 11, 1897, pp. 470, 471. Type locality—Sierra Seri, Sonora, Mexico, near Gulf of California. Synonym—Desert Mule Deer. Range—Lower Sonoran zone on the Colorado desert, for- merly north along the Colorado River at least to the vicinity of Palo Verde, and northwest around Salton Sea; now rare or entirely wanting north of the Mexican line. Family ANTILOCAPRIDAE Antilocapra americana americana (Ord) Prong-horn Antelope Original description—“Antelope americana Ord, Guthrie’s Geo., 2nd Amer. ed., 2, 1815, pp. 292, 308.” Type locality—On the plains and highlands of the Missouri (fide Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 30, 1901, p. 20). Range—Formerly nearly throughout the state south and east of the humid coast-belt and below the Boreal zone; chiefly, however, on the interior plains and valleys both east and west of the desert divides. Now only isolated bands exist: in the Modoc region, in the southern San Joaquin Valley on the west Vor. III] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 369 side, on the western arm of the Mohave desert in northern Los Angeles County or southern Kern County, and on the Colorado desert near the Mexican line, in eastern San Diego County or western Imperial County. Family BOVIDAE Ovis canadensis nelsoni Merriam Desert Bighorn Original description—Ovis nelsoni Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash) tl July: 15, 1897, ppaZzl75 218: Type locality—Grapevine Mountains, on boundary between California and Nevada, just south of latitude 37°. Synonyms—Ovis canadensis, part; Ovis cervina nelsoni; Mountain Sheep, part; Desert Sheep. Range—Lower and Upper Sonoran zones on the Mohave and Colorado deserts and adjacent and included ranges, west to the Santa Rosa Mountains, Riverside County, northwest (formerly) through the Tejon region to the Caliente Hills, San Luis Obispo County, and north through the Inyo region east of Owens Valley. Ovis canadensis sierrae Grinnell Sierra Nevada Bighorn Original description—Ovis cervina sierrae Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10, May 9, 1912, pp. 144-150. Type locality—East slope Mount Baxter, 11,000 feet alti- tude, Sierra Nevada, Inyo County, California. Synonyms—Ovts canadensis, part; Mountain Sheep, part. Range—High Sierra Nevada, formerly at least from Mari- posa County to Tulare County; also (probably this race) in the vicinity of Mount Shasta east to the Warner Mountains, Modoc County. Now only from Mono County south to the vicinity of Mount Whitney; restricted to Boreal zone in summer, descending in winter to east base of the Sierra Nevada. There are sheep still existing on the San Gabriel Mountains (Transition zone), southern California; status unknown. 370 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. Order/ CETACEA Family DELPHINIDAE Tursiops gilli Dall Cowfish Original description—Tursiops gillii Dall, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 5; April) 1873; p, 13: Type locality—Monterey, California (fide True, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 36, 1889, p. 43). Range—The ocean and bays coastwise (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, p. 101). Delphinus delphis Linnaeus Common Dolphin Original description—Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat: 151798; p: 77. Type locality—North Atlantic Ocean near Europe. Synonym—Delphinus bairdii Dall, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 5, April, 1873, pp. 12, 13 (types from Point Arguello, Santa Barbara County, California) ; Baird Dolphin. Range—The ocean and bays coastwise (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, p. 99; True, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 36, 1889, p.- 52). Lissodelphis borealis (Peale) Northern Right Whale Porpoise Original description—Delphinapterus borealis Peale, U. S. Explor. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 35, “pl. 8, fig. 2.” Type locality—North Pacific Ocean, lat 46° 6’ 50”, long. 134° 5’ W. Synonyms—Leucorhamphus borealis; Tursio borealis. Range—The ocean coastwise from San Diego Bay north- wards (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, p. 101). Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill Striped Porpoise Original description—Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., September, 1865, pp. 177, 178. Type locality—San Francisco, California. Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 371 Synonym—Common Porpoise, part. Range—The ocean coastwise (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, p. 98). Phocaena phocaena (Linnaeus) Bay Porpoise Original description—Delphinus phocaena Linnaeus, Syst. Nat 1) 1758; p:. 77. Type locality—European and Baltic seas. Synonyms—Phocaena communis; Phocaena vomerina; Common Porpoise, part. Range—The ocean and bays coastwise including San Fran- cisco Bay (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, pp. 95, 97). Grampus griseus (Cuvier) Common Grampus Original description—“Delphinus griseus Cuvier, Ann. Mus. Paris, 1812; p: 14) pl. 1; figs Type locality—‘Brest, coast of France.” Synonym—Grampus stearnsii Dall, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 5, January, 1873, p. 13 (types from Monterey, California). Range—The ocean coastwise (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, pp. 103, 300). Globicephalus scammoni Cope Scammon Blackfish Original description—Globiocephalus scammoni Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 21. Type locality—Coast of Lower California (fide Dall, in Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, p. 299). Range—The ocean north from Lower California (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, pp. 85-87). Orcinus ater (Cope) Pacific Killer Original description—Orca ater Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 22. Type locality—Northwest coast. 372 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. Synonyms—Orcinus orca; Orcinus rectipinna, part; Black Killer; Orca. Range—In the ocean coastwise (Scammon, Marine Mam- mals, 1874, p. 90). Orcinus rectipinna (Cope) Straight-finned Killer Original description—Orca rectipinna Cope, Proc. Acad. Nati ‘Sci: Phila, 1869)4p..22- Type locality—California. Range—In the ocean coastwise, especially to the northward (Scammon, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, pp. 56, 57). Family ZIPHIIDAE Berardius bairdi Stejneger Baird Beaked Whale Original description—Berardius bairdii Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, 1883, pp. 75, 76. Type locality—Stare Gavan, Bering Island, Bering Sea. Synonym—Baird Sperm Whale. Range—Ocean along northwest coast: Centerville Beach near Ferndale, and Trinidad, Humboldt County (True, Bull. U.S: Nat Mus;'73, 1910, pp: 2.635). Family PHYSETERIDAE Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus Sperm Whale Original description—Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 76. Type locality—North Atlantic Ocean near Europe. Range—Formerly in the ocean north along the coast of California (Scammon, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 61). Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 373 Family BALAENIDAE Balaena sieboldi Gray Pacific Right Whale Original description—Balaena sieboldii Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., 14, 1864, p. 349. Type locality—Coast of Japan. Synonym—Siebold Baleen Whale; Balaena japonica; Balaena cullamach. Range—Few along coast of California (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, p. 66). Rhachianectes glaucus (Cope) California Gray Whale Original description—A gaphelus glaucus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June, 1868, pp. 159, 160. Type locality—Coast of California: Monterey (see Dall, in Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, p. 301). Synonym—Gray Baleen Whale. Range—Frequent in the ocean and bays coastwise from November to May (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, pp. 22,23). Megaptera versabilis Cope Pacific Humpback Whale Original description—Megaptera versabilis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, pp. 15, 16. Type locality—North Pacific. Synonym—Megaptera nodosa versabilis. Range—In the ocean and bays coastwise; Monterey Bay, April to December (Scammon, Marine Mammals, 1874, p. 44). Balaenoptera velifera Cope Pacific Finback Whale Original description—Balaenoptera velifera Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, p. 16. Type locality—Coast of Oregon. Synonyms—Balaenoptera physalis velifera; Oregon Finback Whale. 374 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. Range—In the ocean and bays coastwise (Scammon, Ma- rine Mammals, 1874, pp. 34-36). Balaenoptera sulfureus (Cope) Pacific Sulphur-bottom Whale Original description—S ibbaldius sulfureus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 20. Type locality—Northwest Coast. Range—At all seasons along the coast of California (Scam- mon, Marine Mammals, 1874, p. 71). Vor, IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 375 INDEX Adelonycteris fuscus ........ 280 IB aitey CAV CY cravayeretave y ciate archey-Aviotors 276 Agaphelus glaucus .......... 373 Desertwballid ns. ..casceis 282 Ammospermophilus leucurus GIN CMY eects cneace’sioleieteoiere 278 LEUCUTUS Bosco masniecihe 354 ENOaR ye cs) caeiiecivoaeee enc 280 METS ON eer orc asia iclonele otezate 355 PV OMISHeT ee Haein sate, ceevere 276 Antelope, Prong-horn ....... 368 Way Grulla) Browm <3... 5.. 278 Antelope americana ......... 368 Marge! BLOWN oi sera se's.~ 280 Antilocapra americana ameri- Iittle /Galifomia’ ...).5.. 277 COND eisscineetoiels ela ers 368 Wongeeared! s.i5:<:sielesccccs 278 ANTILGCAPRIDAE® << <.cci02 sec 368 TKong-legeed’ ..5....h000 276 Antrozous pallidus pallidus... 282 Long-shanked, 2.0.0.0... 276 pallidus pacificus ........ 282 GSKA WP retarete cin soles erosiers 279 Aplodontia californica ....... 344 Mexican Free-tailed ..... 283 MAJOP) Ac nieie Homose ate 344 IMilleritasoties sicls oe cies 277 WOH io crane meron oeades 344 IO HAV Cree toes eters isistcioconts 283 FAPLODONDLIDAB)) a's s:ctecsepelelejres 344 Neva ay yer icche s acuissvenis 283 Arctocephalus gilliespti ...... 300 Northwestern Lump-nosed 281 MONLETIENSIS ......000005 300 pacihcweballtdi tons ce sci ce 282 LOTOMS ENO) eae) araincienctatiets 300 allele terncaensistestsa arses cyaie 282 Arctomys beecheyi .......... 345 Pale Lump-nosed ....... 281 GOUGlaStts voces ericteleietalstore 345 Pallid Big-eared ........ 281 HOGUYUONTEN, cieieleesicieteieriiae 345 Palm Springs Free-tailed 282 IARTIODAGEVIUAY tem seeicteicie jerome 365 Rocketed) cctccvesejs csienisie 282 Arvicola californica ......... 318 San Bernardino Brown.. 280 GITATA IN niianes ates nis 321 Silver-haired ..........+- 279 (Ui (cas SAA ae ees eA Dee 319 Spottedimese. oo. cenececee 281 VON GAR O'SERUSH alee nrcrsteis ett 317 Stephens Little Pallid ... 277 MONTANA .......000% 317, 318 Tacubaya Free-tailed..... 283 MOOT tena ses ecceeeies 319 ANALG) 15 OSS CORR ee 276 OVE ZONUNocararelaisterspelete ars Saree 320 Wiesfemniicyeiciicc.c\-15 sececysts 279 TOWDTIG LA a weaiiersiee ste 318 Wresternp Red. ccsc.ec ee 280 Atalapha cinerea ............ 281 PVCU alge esis cee aions 276 ielvo tis) Paneer ie 280 Beanw blacker alstesaetes areniet 284 Atophyrax bendirei ......... 275 BOW icharnisisis siereiets cise 284 Cinnamon asics. secre 284 Badger, American .......... 296 Grizz lye resaneciesac eis 284 Galifornia\s tics. seiner 296 Northwestern Black ..... 284 WMesxciGany Reetemeecmenaees 296 Beaver, California Mountain. 344 Wiestenniiccimenne mete 296 Goldener. casos enna 358 Balaena cullamach .......... 373 Point Reyes Mountain... 344 TOMES Scadssasoancnoc 373 Sierra Mountain ........ 344 SIEDOIOU terctatehe farcrensteeeotn ee 373 Sononalyenns (icy enemtiocne 358 IBATABNIDAR » meer inictacaractee 373 Berardius. bards ..... 65sec. 372 Balaenoptera physalis velifera a Bighoum Desert jis soeiee 369 SUL TAUT CUS Mier fete icles hile pete Sierra JNevada .s.c.-<.0e 369 VETERE aoa neer Ac eee 1B Blackfish, Scammon ......... 371 IBASSOMUSTOStULGT secre eee 289 IB OVID ATE MMe torts ic. ta btesielaesesls 369 TOPLO RINE hee 289 Brachylagus idahoensis ...... 365 Bassariscus astutus .......... 289 GStUtUS 7OPLOT Vi.inefn heres 289 Callorhinus alascanus ........ 300 flavus oregonus ......... 289 UNSINWS (25 stirs sce k ae *.300, 301 Bat) Big-eared: ‘Palewa.c2sa (2o2 Callospermophilus chrysodei- Black-winged ........... 280 rus bernardinus ....... Bonnets crest econ 283 chrysodeirus chrysodetirus 353 California Leaf-nosed ... 275 chrysodeirus trinitatis ... 353 California Mastiff ...... 283 Callotaria alascana .......... 300 Ganyoniyts noises eee ae 279 (GANIDA Berets cacecnusieraveee meee 284 376 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Canisieston x deen eaten a 285 Citellus beldingit ..........-- 349 DLA OS) ays arc poiereraishelete slererare 284 CUENSODCI US, Ji cmeuece 354 Latramslestesm sc cers stavsisiae 285 chrysodeirus bernardinus. 354 LeStesy tes eile caves 285 CRIOTUS Bites ehinte.ctereeieiene 347 lupus griseo-albus ...... 285 WOW EIOSIS tatete ra aroterstecteniocn 345 WCALNSIA! axay.\orcteisielelaiesnie‘ers' 285 CYEMONOMUS ........000. 347 MEICONWUS ” aielela reloioresicistere 285 grammurus beecheyi .... 346 NUDIUS wrlasece con aso ns 285 grammurus douglasi .... 345 ochropus estor .......+++ 285 grammurus fisheri ...... 346 ochropus ochropus .....- 285 VOUCUTADS 349 SaneDiegor saris ciinitevets 363 AnitelopGsa.ca.jac% 05 sisece's 354 Washington (osc. crise one's 362 Grayaiocs cesses cteoeets 352 Gougars Brown! §...../acctewisacioe 298 Lind saz iastenire ce csiers ote 352 Northwestern” cs ccacecis's 297 Tan yr celia ialteierc isis, sree bier 351 PacificeGoast secre 298 Kalamatiteesiercis srale-eicicte cielo 349 Wamaies as Suscateccicoratets 298 TMong-eared vccaaadececus 351 Cowlfishy Wascaavsioncscteeuuier 370 Marin: pysich aie os oo essere 352 Coyote, California Valley.... 285 Mierriam Guster sos steterelerers 353 Desert, t..4., 5 tose esters 285 Mount eRInOsiele:s.cciessi2 et 351 Mearns? 2)-fisisis dswstersectents 285 Panamaints tosisientectaeisiiees 350 Moin tain 9 tonrosesrarcistotereres 285 PrICe. Sajacto le csatee 353 Valley < sssadecccsaieected 285 Redwood) tiines.ceatemes 352 Cricetodipus parvus ......... 330 Sacramentoweiciiss cccies eet 349 Sagebrush -cictoec eres ayers 349 Deer, , Burro: ‘sites serelecemisciers 368 San. Bernardinoy .<<)-/e< 0 350 California Mules <2 .i.j.s<< 368 Sanita) @riziiies).2sicx's 353 Columbian Black-tailed.. Sierraw Nevada acca otclrons <0 | aR orienta tS pt3c, cin 366, 367 Tahoe sess Meat Bs c's fa oreterNe 350 Desert Mule: sseesnesec 368 (CHIROPTERA, Bei cicaaicciereecaareieis 275 Rocky Mountain Mule... 367 Citellus beecheyi beecheyi.... 345 Southern Black-tailed.... 367 beecheyi douglasi ........ 345 White-tailed tiene. aes 366 beecheyi fisheri ......... 346 DEULPHINIDAE! ascii meciclesiies 370 beecheyi nesioticus ...... 346 Delphinus bairdtt ........... 370 Vor. III] Delphinus delphis .........-. 370 ISIS EUS A sajaivie\eleleicretavol stelle 371 BNWOCGENG Were icitersieccisetecee 371 Delphinapterus borealis...... 370 Dipodomys agilis..........+. 335 COMPOTACWSiiacierecel-tsoleleiaterate 342 californicus pallidulus.... 342 deserti deserti .......5.. 339 deserti helleri ........... 339 heermanni .... 000000008 335 merriami extlis ......+.- 341 merriamt kernensis ..... 341 merriami mortivallis .... 340 merriami nevadensis .... 341 merriami nitratoides .... 341 merriamt nitratus........ 340 merriamt parvus.......-- 340 merriami simiolus....... 339 PARUWS eretecteiaclers ecient 340 PUAUUPSY srarisisrcinsresier 340, 342 SLOMULUSTY ve nheyeisietcteloncielaisiersios 339 ISUINTOLUS nicsaareenoersie eres 339 QUOLWMET. sctese stron isiererettee B35 Dolphin, Common .......... 370 Band pate eicyateteicle crntereretsieds 370 Dorcelaphus hemionus erem- SCUS. | scale oisteiv lois siainlectale 368 Eilephant Sea a wicletesveic(eteterertatans 301 IO ID Eb amn Geena enOD doo ae 366 IROOSEVElt) vse sie o/s 332 MOP ILO SUS ie. saccatieeen 331 MLORLEGOLGN, Wer. s\n tel erersteyst 308 WERU ON voonrsre erste 310 herroni nigellus ......... 310 HWS OIGTUS: rietertstelavenieherteteleys 306 CO AOC ROOT OST 307 MUGTEULENSIS) << /s.c iavsietsieisies 308 (AOS IS: Hmemeedaanaecoar 307 MO RUIEV I), aie eresn ecteayrnsiat Pca rs 307 Skunk, Arizona Spotted...... 294 Arizona ‘Striped tii acciisa: 294 Broad-nosed Striped..... 296 Galtiormiaie’ csjpescsstne cer 295 California Spotted ....... 294 Ganyon Spottedi..220 3. « 293 Great Basin Spotted...... 293 Great Basin Striped...... 295 Enydrop hobialy escte'sceeserei- ei 294 WittleotSpottedsyeesemen.cte 294 lower California. ..... 2. 295 Northern California Striped) | An eteantecreces 295 Oregon Spotted.......... 294 Southern California Stripedincacenaeseenee 295 384 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. Skunk, Western Spotted ..... 294 Squirrel, California Coast Fly- Sorex AMOENUS ......00eeeees 271 ing Ee ie aeteeeieeciieee 357 Denmdtrer) srcciicispversrecsia tee 275 California Flying 22... .:. 358 CQUPOTNIGWS. Bion ncrancvcta wroyerorstaiat tr atehe 352 Black-footed Gray....... 356 SPECLOSUS™ Riatrtcleiclormyerejrersye 350 Vor. IIT] Tamias speciosus inyoensis... 351 LOWNSENA ae aeiooe ie elee ae 352 townsendt ochrogenys.... 352 townsendi pricei ......... clas) Taxidea americana........... 296 americana neglecta....... 296 Gerlandtert: ei acceectite 296 LABS aks stepetatoiaisia.siateveieelernte 296 taxus berlandieri ........ 296 taxuUs, neglecta «<0 296 Teonoma cinerea .....+...00% 315 cinerea acraia .......... 315 cinerea occidentalis ...... 315 Thomomys albatus .......... 326 alpinus alpinus .......... 327 alpinus awahnee ......... 327 GUMS, hava eeeie oles 327 angularis angularis ..... 324 angularis pascalis ....... 324 GUPEUS PETPES oo .cscsewss 325 DOLE tes a insercenis Malte 323 bottae-botiae) \sncecssde. 323 botiae laticeps ......2.00- 323 bottae pallescens ........ 323 BULDTUOTAS oan eee 323 COUEZONAEMM lysate 326 puluuSpe meaner 326, 327 fulvus nigricans ......... SLL. fulvus perpallidus ....... 326 fuscus ishert oie oun. 325 OMICED SH teers nao ate 323 leucodon navus ......... 324 MEWG! & -/ sede San Bernardino Mourlain = 13.0anla Barbara Islands \ 14.Inyo Z ; 7) ay JS. Mohave Oesert ‘16. Glorado Deserl DISTRIBUTION MAP MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY i UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FourtTH SERIES Vox. III, pp. 391-454, pls. 17-28 NoOvEMBER 5, 1913 A LIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF ARIZONA, WITH NOTES ON THE SPECIES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE ACADEMY BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH Curator of the Department of Herpetology AND JOSEPH R. SLEVIN Assistant Curator of the Department of Herpetology Early in March, 1912, the authors of this paper arrived in Yuma and began the gathering of a representative collection of Arizonan reptiles and amphibians. March and the first week of April were spent there and in the vicinity of Tucson, where large collections were secured. The senior author then re- turned to San Francisco, leaving Mr. Slevin to continue the work in various parts of Arizona throughout the summer. Mr. John I. Carlson, in 1910, had made considerable collec- tions in Yuma and Maricopa counties under my direction. Our thanks are particularly due to the late Mr. Herbert Brown of Tucson, who is well known as a student of the natural his- tory of Arizona, for his kind aid, gifts of specimens, and ad- vice as to favorable collecting grounds. Professor Brown, of the University of Arizona, and Mr. Bancroft very kindly gave us a number of specimens. The authorities of the Carnegie Desert Laboratory at Tucson also were most generous in their assistance, with gifts of specimens and the loan of camping equipment which made possible the trip to the summit of Mt. Lemon. The Arizonan collections at hand number about three thou- sand specimens, and include a large majority of the species known from the state. Some species have been credited to November 3, 1913 392 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. Arizona without sufficient evidence of their occurrence there. The following list is thought to include all species now known to live in Arizona. Those which the Academy has not yet secured from within the borders of that state are indicated by a star preceding the number. Following this list are given notes on the species represented in our collections. List OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF ARIZONA Ambystoma tigrinum Hyla arenicolor Bufo lentiginosus woodhousii Bufo punctatus Bufo alvarius Bufo cognatus Scaphiopus couchii Scaphiopus hammondii Rana pipiens 10. Kinosternon sonoriense 11. Terepene ornata 12. Gopherus agassizii 13. Coleonyx variegatus 14. Dipsosaurus dorsalis 15. Sauromalus ater 16. Crotaphytus collaris baileyi . Crotaphytus wislizenii 18. Uma notata 19. Holbrookia maculata approximans 20. Holbrookia texana 21. Callisaurus ventralis 22. Uta stansburiana 23. Uta ornata 24. Uta graciosa Sceloporus jarrovii Sceloporus clarkii . Sceloporus magister 28. Sceloporus consobrinus *29. Sceloporus scalaris 30. Phrynosoma _ hernandesi 31. Phrynosoma solare *32. Phrynosoma cornutum Oe ONE ar) DO DN dO det NAW Vor. III] Ooh 34. 3: 36. 37. 38. oho). 40. 41. *42. *43, * mut * * NDNNDUMNMNMimwn NESS RNAKNRWNHES VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES Phrynosoma modestum Phrynosoma _ platyrhinos Phrynosoma m’'callii Heloderma suspectum Gerrhonotus kingii Cnemidophorus gularis Cnemidophorus arizonae Cnemidophorus melanostethus Cnemidophorus tigris Eumeces obsoletus Leptotyphlops dulcis Siagonodon humilis Lichanura roseofusca Chilomeniscus cinctus Sonora semiannulata Sonora episcopa Sonora occipitalis Gyalopium canum Rhinocheilus lecontei Heterodon nasicus Salvadora grahamiae Phyllorhynchus brownii Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus Diadophis regalis Lampropeltis pyrrhomelaena Lampropeltis splendida Lampropeltis conjuncta Lampropeltis boylii Bascanion flagellum frenatum Bascanion piceum Bascanion semilineatum Bascanion taeniatum Arizona elegans Pituophis catenifer deserticola Thamnophis vagrans Thamnophis eques Thamnophis marcianus Thamnophis megalops Thamnophis angustirostris Trimorphodon lyrophanes 393 394 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 73. Tantilla nigriceps 74. Tantilla wilcoxi 75. Elaps euryxanthus *76. Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii 77. Crotalus molossus 78. Crotalus atrox 79. Crotalus tigris 80. Crotalus confluentus 81. Crotalus oregonus 82. Crotalus cerastes 83. Crotalus mitchellii 84. Crotalus lepidus 85. Crotalus pricei *86. Crotalus willardi NOTES ON THE SPECIES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE ACADEMY 2.—Hyla arenicolor Cope Forty-three adult specimens are at hand, and the collection includes also some tadpoles and young. In Pima County this tree-toad was collected at East Sabino Basin, June 19, 1912; in Pima Canyon, June 7, 1908; at the steam pump eighteen miles north of Tucson, May 16-18, 1912—all in the Catalina Mountains. In Cochise County this species was found in Ramsey Canyon in the Huachuca Mountains, July 7, 1912. In Maricopa County some were secured at Cave Creek, April 17, 1910; and in Coconino County three were caught at Oak Creek, Sept. 2-4, 1912. They usually were found sitting on boulders in rocky streams. 3.—Bufo lentiginosus woodhousii Girard We have secured twenty-one adults and a number of young toads of this kind. Of these, eight are from Yuma, Sept. 10- 21, 1912, and Dec. 31, 1909; three from Phoenix, March 16, 1910, and Sept. 13, 1912; five were collected at Cave Creek, April 2—Sept. 14, 1910; and five were caught at Fairbank, August 12-18, 1912. At Yuma, they were found at night under the electric lights. : Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 395 4—Bufo punctatus Baird and Girard We have at hand only five Arizonan specimens of this toad. Nos. 17581, 17582, and 20871 were collected at Cave Creek, Maricopa County, May 16-27, 1910. No. 33847 was found by Mr. Herbert Brown in the foothills of the Catalina Mountains, 18 miles northwest of Tucson, Pima County. No. 35002 was secured in Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, July 7, 1912. 5.—Bufo alvarius Girard Thirty-one examples of this little-known toad are now be- fore us. Twenty-six of these (33728 to 33752 and 33799) were caught at Yuma, Sept. 10-21, 1912. Many of these are young, showing the characteristic spotted style of coloration which disappears with age. Nos. 13166 to 13168 were se- cured in Phoenix, July 10-12, 1907. Two very large speci- mens (Nos. 35322 and 35323) were collected on the desert close to Tucson, August 22, 1912. 6.—Bufo cognatus Say Forty-six toads (Nos. 33753 to 33798) of this species were collected at Yuma, Sept. 10-21, 1912, We did not find this toad at Tucson, although it is known to occur there, but we have seen specimens from Phoenix. The Yuma specimens were caught at night under the electric street lights. 7.—Scaphiopus couchii Baird This spade-foot toad was found by us only at Fairbank, Cochise County, where eight specimens (Nos. 35227 to 35234) were collected August 12-18, 1912. They were caught in the water in a cattle-guard on the railroad. This species is said to be common at Tucson. 9.—Rana pipiens Schreber We have about one hundred and thirty adult specimens of this frog from Arizona, besides eggs and many tadpoles. Most of these are from the Santa Cruz River at Tucson, but the species was found also at Yuma, Yuma Co.; Oak Creek, Co- conino Co., Sept. 1-3, 1912; Cave Creek, Maricopa Co., April 2—May 27, 1910; Phoenix, Maricopa Co., March 11-31, 1910; Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mountains, April 4 and 396 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41m Ser. June 19, 1912; at the steam pump eighteen miles north of Tucson, Pima Co., May 16-18, 1912; and at Fairbank, Cochise Co., August 13-17, 1912. Eggs were found at Tuc- son, March 25, 1912; and large tadpoles were taken at the same time. 10.—Kinosternon sonoriense Le Conte We have secured twenty Arizonan specimens of this mud- turtle. Two (Nos. 17282 arid 20643) were collected at Cave Creek, Maricopa Co., April 19 and June 29, 1910. One (No. 35157) was caught at Fairbank, Cochise Co., Sept. 1912. The other seventeen (33850 to 33866) are from the Santa Cruz River, near Tucson, April 17—June 4, 1912. This spe- cies lives also in the Colorado River at Yuma, whence we have a specimen (No. 33403) from the Californian side of the river, collected April 8, 1912. This turtle has been recorded also from Ash Creek, Guadalupe Canyon, Sabino Canyon in the Santa Catalina Mountains, and from the Huachucas. Yarrow recorded a specimen from Ft. Yuma, California, as Cinosternum flavescens; but I know of no evidence that this species occurs in Arizona. Certainly all of the Yuma speci- mens sent to the Academy—six or eight before the fire—have been Kinosternon sonoriense. It would seem that this turtle is generally distributed throughout the Gila River and its tributaries. Whether it ascends the Colorado River above the Gila is not known. Captive specimens ate meat voraciously under water. The Tucson specimens were caught with hook and line baited with meat. 11.—Terrapene ornata (Agassiz) The specimen of this turtle collected by Mr. Price at Fort Lowell, near Tucson, June 10, 1893, has remained the only Arizonan record of this box tortoise. We now have at hand eight alcoholic specimens (Nos. 35148 to 35155) and one skull (No. 33156) from Fairbanks, Cochise County, August, 12- 18,1912. These specimens were found in the grass and weeds along an old railroad track about a mile out of town. Some of these turtles have the plates of the carapace nearly smooth, while others are striated. Some are nearly unicolor, while others are very distinctly rayed. Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 397 12.—Gopherus agassizii (Cooper) Although it has long been known that this turtle is common in Arizona, we have found only two definite records of locali- ties where it has been taken. Cox mentioned its presence near Tucson, and Ditmars records a specimen secured near Phoenix. Mr. Herbert Brown sent us a fine large pair from Ehrenburg, Yuma County, but these unfortunately were destroyed in the great San Francisco fire of April, 1906. Mr. Brown tells us that this species is fairly common in the Tortolita and Santa Catalina Mountains, in Pima County. Our collection includes six specimens. These are one young specimen from Yuma; one (No. 13165) taken twenty miles west of Tucson, March 9, 1908; a half-grown specimen (No. 33867) and an adult (No. 33868) from the desert near Tuc- son; and two young (Nos. 34263 and 34264) found near the steam pump eighteen miles north of Tucson, May 15, 1912. 13.—Coleonyx variegatus Baird We collected fifty specimens of this gecko during the spring and summer of 1912. Eleven (Nos. 33491 to 33501) were found at Yuma, March 11-19. Three (Nos. 35341 to 35343) were secured at Gunsight, Pima Co., April 16-22. Thirty-six (Nos. 33890 to 33925) were collected near Tucson, April 8-13. At Yuma they were found on the desert under tin cans, old clothes, boards, and stones. The Gunsight and Tucson speci- mens were found under stones. Near Tucson they seemed to live in colonies near the tops of certain low rolling desert hills near the lower edge of the giant cactus belt. On some of these hills we found six or eight specimens under stones six to twenty inches in diameter, while on other similar hills none could be found, although nearly every suitable stone was turned. Later in the season we could find none, and it is probable that they descend into holes as the ground dries and the weather becomes warmer. They often utter a little squeak when caught. No. 33922, Tucson, March 26, 1912, in life was colored as follows: Limbs dark flesh. Dark markings on head; body and tail deep liver brown. Light markings on tail and body bright lemon yellow, on head grayish yellow. Lower surfaces of head, body, and limbs pure white, of tail light lemon yellow. 398 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41TH Ser. 14.—Dipsosaurus dorsalis (Baird and Girard) Our present collection contains seventy specimens of this lizard. Sixty-seven of these were collected at Yuma, March 11-21, 1912, and June 8-25, 1910. One (No. 34209) was shot at Papago Wells, Yuma Co., April 16-22, 1912. Two (Nos. 17284 and 17285) were secured at Cave Creek, Mari- copa County, April 20, 1910. Of these specimens, sixty-two have the rostral separated from the nasal on each side by two granules, one has two on one side and none on the other, while six have but one granule intervening on each side. The femoral pores vary from 18 to 26; being 18 five times, 19 thirteen times, 20 twelve times, 21 twenty-one times, 22 twenty-two times, 23 twenty-nine times, 24 seventeen times, 25 nine times, and 26 three times. 15.—Sauromalus ater Duméril The single Arizonan specimen (No. 17645) in our collection was secured near Cave Creek, Maricopa Co., July 19, 1910. Its femoral pores are 16-17. I have seen a specimen secured near Tempe, Maricopa Co., and we caught a young one (No. 33446) March 18, 1912, on the California side of the Colorado river a few miles below Yuma. 16.—Crotaphytus collaris baileyi (Stejneger) One (No. 34321) was collected May 7, 1912, in the foot- hills of the Catalina Mountains, near the steam pump eighteen miles north of Tucson. Eight (Nos. 35128 to 35135) were secured August 6-8, 1912, at Cave Creek, Chiricahua Moun- tains, Cochise County. These lizards are very timid. They seem to come out late in the afternoon, and then appear on the tops of boulders, where they may be seen bobbing up and down as many lizards do. This seems to be distinctively a rock-loving species, while C. wislizenii is found on the ground. The femoral pores in these specimens vary from 14 to 19; being 14 once, 15 twice, 16 five times, 17 five times, 18 four times, and 19 once. 17.Crotaphytus wislizenii Baird and Girard Nine of these lizards were collected by us. Two were shot near Yuma, No. 33490, March 19, 1912, and 33686 Sept. 9, Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 399 1912. Five were secured at Papago Wells in southeastern Yuma Co., April 16-22, 1912. One (No. 17283) was caught in Paradise Valley, Maricopa Co., May 9, 1910. No. 34320 was found at the steam pump eighteen miles north of Tucson, May 18, 1912. One was seen chasing a Callisaurus on the desert. In eight specimens the femoral pores vary from 19 to 25; being 19 three times, 20 twice, 21 once, 22 four times, 23 three times, 24 twice, and 25 once. 18.—Uma notata Baird Our present collection contains only one Uma. This is No. 20812, and was collected near Yuma, June 13, 1910. We failed to find any here in March and in September, 1912, al- though careful search was made on the same sand hills where Mr. Carlson shot more than forty for us in 1905. These specimens secured by Mr. Carlson were destroyed in the great San Francisco fire of April, 1906. It is probable that there is only one species of Uma. We were unable to find this lizard near Tucson. 19.—Holbrookia maculata approximans Baird Twenty-seven Arizonan specimens are at hand, collected at Tucson, April 16—Sept. 3, 1912; Fairbank, August 12, 1912; Cave Creek in the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise Co., August 6, 1912; and on the desert near the mouths of Ramsey and Carr Canyons, Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co., June 28—July 29, 1912. This Holbrookia was found always on the ground out on the open desert, while the other species secured fre- quents canyons and hillsides, and is usually seen on top of large stones or boulders. Femoral pores in twenty-five specimens vary from eight to sixteen; being 8 twice, 10 seven times, 11 four times, 12 ten times, 13 fourteen times, 14 seven times, 15 three times, 16 twice. 20.—Holbrookia texana (Troschel) This Holbrookia was recorded as Arizonan on the evidence of a single specimen collected by Mr. Price in 1894. We now have at hand forty-five specimens of various ages. Thirty- four were secured in the Catalina Mountains, where they were 400 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47u Ser. found at the steam pump eighteen miles north of Tucson, and in Ventana and Sabino Canyons, April 4—May 2, 1912, and eleven were collected at Cave Creek, Maricopa County, April 4—May 27, 1910. This lizard is easily distinguished from H. maculata ap- proximans by black cross-bars on the lower surface of the tail, and large blue patches on the sides of the belly. Its habit of constantly wanting to get up on the tops of boulders attracts attention to it in life. It is a larger species than H. m. approx- imans, being about equal in size to Callisaurus ventralis which it much resembles. Femoral pores vary from 11 to 18; being 11 once, 12 twice, 13 seven times, 14 eighteen times, 15 twenty-two times; 16 ten times, 17 five times, and 18 three times in thirty-four specimens from the Catalina Mountains. 21.—Callisaurus ventralis (Hallowell) Three hundred and eighty-seven Arizonan specimens of this species are before us. One hundred and thirty of these are from Yuma, Feb. 7-28, 1910, March 11-21, 1912, June 8-24, 1910, and Sept. 9-17, 1912. Sixteen were shot at Papago Wells, Yuma Co., April 16-22, 1912. Two were secured at Growler Well, and four at Ajo in western Pima Co., April 16-22, 1912. One hundred and thirty-one were collected at Cave Creek, Maricopa Co., April 2—May 14, 1910. Three were preserved at Phoenix, March 16-22, 1910; and others were found at Tucson, April 1-13, 1912, at the steam pump in the foothills of the Catalina Mts., 18 miles north of Tucson, May 3-18, 1912; at Ventana Canyon, Catalina Mts., June 14, 1911; at old Fort Lowell, March 29, 1912; and at Agua Caliente, six miles east of Fort Lowell, May 14, 1911. Femoral pores in forty-one specimens range from 11 to 21; being 11 once, 13 once, 14 four times, 15 fifteen times, 16 thirteen times, 17 twenty-one times, 18 twelve times, 19 four times, 20 five times, 21 twice. 22—Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard Ninety-eight specimens from Arizona are at hand. They were secured: forty-four at Yuma, March 11-21, 1912, Sept. 10-17, 1912, Dec. 4, 1910; fifteen at Papago Wells, Yuma County, April 16-22, 1912; four at Ajo, western Pima County, Vo. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 401 April 16-22, 1912; eight at Tucson, March 28—April 13, 1912; three at the steam pump eighteen miles north of Tucson, May 8-18, 1912; five at old Fort Lowell, March 29—April 4, 1912; one from the Catalina Mts., Pima County; sixteen at Cave Creek, Maricopa County, April 5—May 17, 1910; and two from Dome, Yuma County, Jan. 20 and 21, 1910. The femoral pores in forty specimens, mostly from Yuma County, vary from twelve to seventeen; being 12 four times, 13 ten times, 14 twenty-six times, 15 twenty-seven times, 16 seven times, 17 once. All styles of coloration are to be seen in this series. Some have longitudinal light stripes, some have dark dorsal blotches, some are without large markings, but are sprinkled with small blue spots. A living male from Palm Springs, Cal., showed these various types of coloration at different times. 23.—Uta ornata Baird and Girard More than three hundred and sixty specimens of these tree Utas are at hand. After careful comparison of individuals from Yuma and from eastern Arizona we are unable to detect any constant difference nor are we able to distinguish Arizonan examples from the few specimens from Texas which we have for comparison. We, therefore, make use of the name Uta ornata for all these lizards, and regard Uta symmetrica as a synonym. Our specimens are from the following localities: Yuma County—Yuma and Papago Wells. Maricopa County—Cave Creek. Coconino County—Oak Creek. Pinal County—Oracle. Pima County—Tucson, Fort Lowell, and in the Catalina Mountains at the steam pump 18 miles north of Tucson, in Ventana and Sabino Canyons, and in East Sabino Basin. Santa Cruz County—Mowry in the Patagonia Mountains. Cochise County—Fairbank, the vicinity of Ramsey Canyon in the Huachuca Mts., and at Cave Creek and Paradise in the Chiricahua Mts. The femoral pores in forty specimens from Yuma vary from ten to fifteen; being 10 three times, 11 eighteen times, 12 thirty-four times, 13 seventeen times, 14 seven times, and 15 402 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [ Proc. 47H Ser. once. The average for the eighty thighs is 11.51. In forty specimens from Pima and Cochise counties the number varies from nine to thirteen; being 9 once, 10 eight times, 11 thirty times, 12 thirty-one times, and 13 ten times. The average for the eighty thighs is 12.12. In Yuma specimens the color in life in both sexes varies on the upper surfaces from light clay to blackish brown. Most males show the blackish collar and dorsal blotches much more clearly than females. Males have a blue area on each side of the belly, absent in nineteen females. One large male had deep “fron rust” orange covering the entire throat and chin. A smaller male had similar coloring of the throat but with a bright turquoise blue central patch. Five large and two medium-sized males had throats bluish yellow, varying, with- out respect to size, from nearly clear blue to faintly bluish lemon yellow. One large and one small male had clear lemon yellow throats. One moderately large male had the throat gray without blue or yellow or orange. Nineteen females had no blue on the throat or sides of belly. Eight females had orange-colored, and eight had lemon-colored, throats; while one large and one small female had the throat orange with lemon center. The coloring of living specimens from Tucson shows a similar variation. Females have no blue on belly. Males have. The blue of the throat varies from clear turquoise to the green- blue of old turquoises. The throat is blue in thirteen males; orange in eight females; clear yellow in three males and six females; orange with yellow center in seven males; orange with blue center in eight males; orange with green center in one male; and plain gray in one female. These color notes were all made in March, 1912. At Yuma, these lizards are very common on trees and wooden bridges. At Tucson, we found them on trees, fences, and piles of stones. 24.—Uta graciosa (Hallowell) This species still remains rare in collections. We secured only eight specimens, all at Yuma, in Sept. 1911, and March 11-21, 1912. These are Nos. 20722 and 33643 to 33649. Their femoral pores range from nine to twelve; being 9 once, Vor. III] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 403 10 five times, 11 seven times, and 12 once. Some were found lying along the limbs of mesquite trees and some were in low, thick-growing bushes on the sand hills east of Yuma. 25.—Sceloporus jarrovii Cope Our collections include one hundred and forty-three speci- mens. These were collected in Carr, Ramsey and Miller Can- yons in the Huachuca Mts., June 30—July 25, 1912; and in the vicinity of Paradise, Chiricahua Mts., August 4-9, 1912. These lizards are found on rocks in the oak and conifer belts, and range up to eight thousand feet in the Huachucas. They are not so common in the Chiricahuas as in the Huachucas. The femoral pores in forty specimens vary from thirteen to eighteen; being 13 three times, 14 twenty-three times, 15 twenty-one times, 16 seventeen times, 17 thirteen times, and 18 twice. The color of Sceloporus jarrovii in life is as follows: In an adult male, the collar is blue-black with some brilliant blue extending up from the throat near its anterior edge. The scales of the back and sides of body are outlined with black while the central portion of each scale is light, and in different lights appears white, gray, green, yellow, or irridescent bronze. The head, limbs, and tail are dark brown much relieved with malachite green. A whitish or irridescent bronze line runs back from the eye. Another runs along the upper lip to the ear. A similarly colored longitudinal bar extends forward on each side of the neck from the collar, and a band of the same tint, a scale in width, borders the collar behind except in the middorsal region. The collar is complete across the neck, and has a brownish continuation forward on the middle of the neck to the head. The chin, lower surfaces of the limbs and tail, and the center of the chest and belly are gray. The entire gular region and a stripe along each side of the belly are deep blue, the belly patches shading to malachite green laterally. Females and young are similarly but less clearly and brightly marked, particularly as regards the light centers of the scales, the intense black collar, and the blue of the inferior surfaces. In young specimens the predominant color is brown: though the characteristic collar shows in even the smallest specimens. The blue throat patch always is single. 404 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 26.—Sceloporus clarkii Baird and Girard We have secured eighty specimens of this lizard. Twenty- three of these are from Tucson, where they were shot between March 28 and April 24, 1912. Two (Nos. 20951 and 20952) are from old Fort Lowell. Seventeen were collected in the foothills of the Catalina Mountains, near the steam pump eighteen miles north of Tucson, May 2-18, 1912. One (No. 34685) was taken in the Catalina Mts., at an elevation of 8500 feet on the trail to Mt. Lemon, May, 1912. At Oracle, Pinal Co., two specimens (Nos. 34167, 34168) were caught April 2 and 3, 1912. Mr. Herbert Brown gave us five (Nos. 33819 to 33823) from the Patagonia Mountains, Santa Cruz Co., July 11-21, 1910. Five of these lizards (Nos. 35179 to 35183) were collected at Fairbank, Cochise Co., Aug. 13-18, 1912. From the Huachucas we have twelve specimens (Nos. 34882 to 34893) taken in the lower portions of Ramsey, Carr, and Miller Canyons, July 2-29, 1912. Mr. Slevin collected four- teen in the Chiricahua Mountains, one (No. 35141) from Cave Creek, and thirteen (Nos. 35005 to 35017) from Paradise, August 4-8, 1912. The femoral pores in thirty-eight specimens vary from eleven to fifteen; being 11 fifteen times, 12 thirty-three times, 13 seventeen times, 14 nine times, and 15 twice. The average of the seventy-eight thighs is 12.34. At Oracle these lizards were found in cracks in the granite boulders. The one from Mt. Lemon was also taken on a boulder. Nearly all the others were found on trees—at Tucson on willows along the Santa Cruz River, in the foothills of the Catalinas on mesquites, in the Huachucas and Chiricahuas on oaks and pines. Those taken at Fairbank were under the eaves of an old adobe barn. They sometimes climb trees to a height of thirty or forty feet. 27.—Sceloporus magister Hallowell Nineteen Arizonan specimens are in the collection. Nos. 33488 and 33489 were found in an old adobe house at Yuma, March 11-16, 1912. In Maricopa County this species was col- lected (No. 17286) at Paradise Valley, and (Nos. 17287 to 17289 and 20718) at Cave Creek, May 14-19, 1910. Two (Nos. 34054 and 34057) were secured near Tucson, April 1- Vor, IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 405 16, 1912. Ten were taken near the steam pump in the foothills of the Catalina Mts., eighteen miles north of Tucson, April 28—May 18, 1912. Femoral pores in seventeen specimens vary from eleven to fifteen; being 11 eight times, 12 thirteen times, 13 nine times, and 14 four times. The average in the thirty-four thighs is 12°23: At Tucson this species was found on willow trees in the river-bed, while at the steam pump they frequented the wooden fences about the corral. 28.—Sceloporus consobrinus Baird and Girard Thirty-one (Nos. 35037 to 35067) were secured near Para- dise in the Chiricahua Mts., August 4-10, 1912. This lizard was found also in a wash on the desert near the mouth of Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., July 2, 1912. Four (Nos. 34686 to 34689) were collected at 8500 feet on Mt. Lemon, Santa Catalina Mts., June 4-17, 1912. Nineteen were caught in the river-bed at Tucson, March 24 to April 5, 1912. This species was taken also at Oak Creek, Coconino Co., Sept. 1-4, LOND: The femoral pores in thirty-one specimens vary from twelve to nineteen ; being 12 four times, 13 seven times, 14 nine times, 15 thirteen times, 16 twelve times, 17 nine times, 18 five times, and 19 three times. The average of the sixty-two thighs is 1583.5: 30.—Phrynosoma hernandesi (Girard) We have forty-two specimens of this horned toad. Thirty- one of these (Nos. 34691 to 34721) are from the top of Mt. Lemon in the Catalina Mountains, where they were collected June 4-17, 1912. Mr. Herbert Brown gave us six (Nos. 33827 to 33832) from Manning Camp, Rincon Mountains, August 17-22, 1911, and states that they are extremely common in this locality. Nos. 35001 and 35004 were collected in the pine belt in Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts., July 10-27, 1912. Nos. 35098 and 35099 were found in the pine belt at Paradise in the Chiricahua Mts., Cochise Co., Aug. 4-10, 1912. No. 35292 was caught at Ash Fork, Yavapai Co., Aug. 30, 1912. One of the specimens from Mt. Lemon has the occipital horns as Dr. Stejneger describes them to be in P. ornatissimum, 406 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. We therefore regard this name and P. hernandesi as synonyms. In southern Arizona this lizard seems to be confined to the higher levels of the mountains. A large female taken in the Huachucas in July contains a number of young, showing that this species is ovoviviparous. Femoral pores in twenty specimens vary from eleven to nineteen; being 11 once, 12 six times, 13 three times, 14 eleven times, 15 eight times, 16 four times, 17 three times, 18 once, 19 once. 31.—Phrynosoma solare Gray Twenty-three specimens are at hand. No. 35185 was col- lected at Fairbank, Cochise Co., August 12, 1912. No. 20933, was caught at Fort Lowell. Four were secured at Tucson May 30—Aug. 23, 1912, and one June 29, 1911. No. 34322 was found at the steam pump in the foothills of the Catalina Mountains, eighteen miles north of Tucson, July 9, 1912. The other fifteen are from Phoenix, where they were collected March 15—June 6, 1910. Femoral pores in twenty specimens vary from fourteen to twenty-six ; being 14 once, 15 once, 17 twice, 18 four times, 19 three times, 20 eight times, 21 eight times, 22 six times, 23 five times, 24 once, 26 once. Unlike the preceding, this horned toad is a desert species. ‘ 34.—Phrynosoma platyrhinos Girard Two specimens (Nos. 34210, 34211) were caught at Papago Wells, in the southeastern part of Yuma County, April 16-22, 1912. Femoral pores are 7-6 and 9-7. 35.—Phrynosoma m’callii (Hallowell) Three specimens (Nos. 33486, 33487 and 33657) were col- lected at Yuma, March 14 and 15, and Sept. 12, 1912. All were secured on the sand hills east of town. One was found sitting on an ant hill, but not an ant was in sight although a half hour later they were swarming over it. It seemed as though the ants remained under cover in the nest as long as the lizard was watching for them. Femoral pores are 18-19, 21-23, and 18-18. 36.—Heloderma suspectum Cope Our collections include twenty Gila Monsters. No. 35301, was caught in a wash on the grounds of the Desert Laboratory, Vor. III] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 407 Tucson, at about five in the afternoon, August 23, 1912. No. 34061, was secured thirty miles west of Tucson, April 25, 1912. No. 34198, was taken in Ventana Canyon, Catalina Mountains, April 28, 1912. Eleven (Nos. 34283 to 34293) were collected near the steam pump in the foothills of the Catalina Moun- tains, eighteen miles north of Tucson, May, 1912. No. 35000 was caught in Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., July 27, 1912. Three (Nos. 17642 to 17644) were found at Cave Creek, Maricopa County, May, 1910. No. 17641 is from Paradise Valley, Maricopa Co., May 1910. No. 13169 is labeled merely Arizona. Helodermas were found out at any time of day. They were found in the giant cactus, creosote bush, and oak belts. All found were merely walking about. They hasten their gait when one approaches them, but were never seen to run. Two put ina pillow case and hung in a tree, scratched a hole through the cloth and escaped. ‘The species still is common in favorable locations. 37.—Gerrhonotus kingii Gray ‘We have five specimens of this handsome lizard (Nos. 34962 to 34966) secured in Ramsey and Carr Canyon in the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, July 3 to 29, 1912. They were found in the oak belt, on the ground among stones and dead leaves, walking about in the day time, and were very shy. All five have fourteen longitudinal rows of dorsal scales, of which three rows on each side of the middorsal line are weakly keeled except in No. 34963, which has four keeled rows on each side. The dorsal scales in a row from the interoccip- ital plate to the backs of the thighs are 45, 48, 50, 51, 52. On the belly one counts in a row from the mental plate to the anus 55, 58, 53, 59 and 60. Three have ten dark cross-bands on the body, while one has nine and one eleven. The dark bands on: the tail vary in number from fourteen to nineteen. 38.—Cnemidophorus gularis Baird and Girard We have secured one hundred and eighty-six of these lizards. These are: thirty-three from the vicinity of Paradise and Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mts., August 4-10, 1912; sixty-eight from the lower parts of Ramsey, Miller, and Carr Canyons in the Huachuca Mts., July 2-30, 1912; fifteen from Fairbanks, November 3, 1913 408 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Aug. 12-18, 1912; one from an altitude of 8500 feet on Mt. Lemon in the Catalina Mts., June 4 to 17, 1912; forty-six from the steam pump in the foothills of the Catalina Mts., eighteen miles north of Tucson, May 2-18, 1912; nineteen from Tucson, March 31—June 23, 1912; three from Fort Lowell near Tuc- son; and one (No. 35286) from Oak Creek, Coconino Co., Sept. 4, 1912. The femoral pores in forty specimens vary from fifteen to twenty; being 15 once, 16 eight times, 17 twenty-one times, 18 thirty-four times, 19 thirteen times, and 20 three times. The average of the eighty thighs is 17.7. Our series from Tucson and the steam pump include a num- ber of very large individuals with the coloration typical of the form which has been called C. scalaris. As we have also specimens intermediate in size and coloration, it would appear that C. scalaris is based upon very old individuals of C. gularis. Some young specimens from Fairbank show a distinct median dorsal light line. While none of these specimens has the nasal in contact with the second labial, this relation is found on one side of the head in a specimen with the coloration usually seen in young C. gularis. It may possibly be, there- fore, that C. arizonae is based upon an abnormal individual of C. gularis, which differed from the usual type in coloration, in the relations of the nasal and second labial plates, in the num- ber of femoral pores, and in the size of the postantebrachial plates. 40.—Cnemidophorus melanostethus (Cope) Our collections include one hundred and fifty-nine specimens of this lizard. Of these, two were secured at Fairbank, Cochise Co., August 12-14, 1912; one from Pima Canyon, Catalina Mts., June 7, 1908; seventy-six from near the steam pump in the foothills of the Catalina Mts., eighteen miles north of Tucson, May 2-18, 1912; six from Tucson, April 24—June 23, 1912; three from Fort Lowell near Tucson; one from Gun- sight, western Pima Co., April 16-22, 1912; and seventy from Cave Creek, Maricopa Co., April 1—August 13, 1910. The specimen (No. 35340) from Gunsight is a typical one with black throat and chest. Femoral pores in forty specimens vary from seventeen to twenty-four; being 17 six times, 18 eight times, 19 eighteen Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 409 times, 20 twenty-two times, 21 thirteen times, 22 eleven times, 23 once, and 24 once. The average number is 19.87, 41.—Cnemidophorus tigris Baird and Girard Seventy-three Arizonan specimens of this lizard are at hand. Fifty-three of these were collected at Yuma in March, June, September, October, and December. Nineteen were shot at Papago Wells, southeastern Yuma Co:; April 16-22, 1912) One (No. 35328) was secured at Ajo, Pima County, April 16— 22, 1912. None of these specimens have black throats and chests, although these regions may be slaty with a few black spots. The specimen from Ajo is as typical as the others, al- though this locality must be near the eastern limit of the range of this form, for typical C. melanostethus was collected at Gun- sight, Pima Co., only about forty miles southeast, Femoral pores in forty of these specimens vary from seven- teen to twenty-five; being 17 three times, 18 four times, 19 ten times, 20 fourteen times, 21 eighteen times, 22 eleven times, 23 nine times, 24 four times, 25 twice, and 5 injured. The average number is 20.89. as against 20.4 in forty specimens from Yuma recorded in a former paper. 43.—Leptotyphlops dulcis (Baird and Girard) We did not collect any specimens of this worm snake. So far as we can learn it has not been recorded from Arizona: but its occurrence there was shown by a typical specimen which Mr. Herbert Brown collected at Yuma and sent to me a short time before the great San Francisco fire of April, 1906, in which the specimen unfortunately was destroyed. Professor Brown of the University of Arizona told us that he had seen both kinds of worm snakes at Tucson, this species being rep- resented by a single specimen collected on the grounds of the Carnegie Desert Laboratory in 1911, 44.—Siagonodon humilis (Baird and Girard) We have at hand four specimens from Arizona. Three are from Tucson. Nos. 33835 and 33836, collected April 17, 1895, and No. 35325 without date were presented to us by Professor Brown of the University of Arizona. The fourth specimen, No. 33849, was collected about the middle of May, 1912, in the foothills of the Catalina Mts., about eighteen miles northeast of 410 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Tucson by Mr. Herbert Brown. It was found under a stone about a foot square, and about twenty feet from the edge of a pool of water. Under the stone the earth had been worked from between the grass roots, showing several runways in one of which this snake was coiled up. The largest specimen we have seen is in the University of Arizona, and measures 384mm., of which 16mm. represent the tail. It was secured by Mr. Herbert Brown at Yuma. 45.—Lichanura roseofusca Cope Cope has recorded this boa from the Harqua Halla Moun- tains. Mr. W. E. Bancroft writes us that he has seen this snake only in these mountains and in the Harcouvar Range in northern Yuma County. He very kindly sent us a beautiful specimen from Aguila, Maricopa County. This is now No. 35348, and has scales in 3641-41-33 rows, gastrosteges 230, urosteges 47, anal entire, supralabials 14-15, infralabials 15- 15, loreals about 4. 46.—Chilomeniscus cinctus Cope The collection contains five specimens of this snake. Two of these (Nos. 33839 and 33840) were presented by Professor Brown of the University of Arizona, and are labeled merely Arizona. No. 33834, Cabali Mts., Pima County, given to us by Mr. Herbert Brown, was collected Nov. 2, 1910. No. 34172 was collected in Ventana Canyon, Catalina Mts., May, 1912. No. 17551, Cave Creek, Maricopa County, April 23, 1910; was col- lected by John I. Carlson. A mutilated specimen was found by us near Fort Yuma, California. No. 17551 has scales in 13 rows, gastrosteges 113, anal divided, urosteges 29, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 8-8, pre- oculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, loreals O-O, temporals 1--1, posterior genials shorter, black bands 18 on body and four on tail. No. 33834 has scale rows 13, gastrosteges 113, anal divided, urosteges 22, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 8-8, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2—2, loreals 0O-O, temporals 1+1, posterior genials shorter, black bands 18 on body and 3 on tail. No. 33839 has scale rows 13, gastrosteges 115, anal divided, urosteges 28, supralabials 7—7, infralabials 7-7, preoculars 1-1, Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 411 postoculars 2-2, loreal 0-0, temporals 1+-1, posterior genials shorter, black bands 19 on body and 4 on tail. No. 33840 has scale rows 13, gastrosteges 121, anal divided, urosteges 23, supralabials 7—7, infralabials 7-7, preoculars 1-1, postoculars, 2=2, loreals 0-0, temporals 1++1, posterior genials shorter, black bands 21 on body and 4 on tail. No. 34172 has scale rows 13, gastrosteges 122, anal divided, urosteges 25, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 7-6, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, loreals 1-1, temporals 1+-1, posterior genials shorter, black bands 20 on body and 4 on tail. In life the dorsal portions of the white rings are suffused with reddish orange. The black bands are not so widely separated as in Sonora occipitalis. No. 34172 has a well developed loreal on each side of the head, but in other respects is quite typical. In No. 17551, the prefrontal reaches the labials on one side of the head but not on the other, where the postnasal and pre- ocular are in contact. No. 33834 has the prefrontals separated from the labials by the meeting of the postnasal and preoculars. No. 34172 has them separated by the intervening loreals. The other two specimens have the prefrontals and labials in contact. We, therefore, cannot recognize Cope’s Chilomeniscus ephip- picus as distinct from his C. cinctus. 47 —Sonora semiannulata Baird and Girard There can be be no doubt that the snake described under this name by Baird and Girard is the same species as Cope’s Contia or Chionactis isozonus. This being true, both the generic and specific names of Baird & Girard must replace those later sug- gested by Cope. Hallowell’s Lamprosoma seems not to be generically distinct, although the species occipitale is so. We thus have in Arizona three species of Sonora as follows: . Sonora semiannulata=Chionactis isozonus Sonora episcopa =Chionactis episcopa Sonora occipitalis —=Chionactis occipitalis We have seen no evidence of intergradation of these forms, and therefore regard them all as species, although Cope states that intermediate types of coloration connect the first two forms. 412 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. We have at hand only one specimen of Sonora semiannulata, No. 17550, collected at Cave Creek, Maricopa Co., April 20, 1910. It agrees in all essential particulars with the description and plate given by Baird and Girard, and with the description by Cope, except in the number of its black dorsal cross-bands, which are forty on the body and ten on the tail. This is about twice as many as in the specimens recorded by these authors. This specimen has 15 scale rows, gastrosteges 168, anal divided, urosteges 45, superlabials 7—7, infralabials, 7-7, pre- oculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, loreal 1-1, temporals 1-+2, posterior genials much shorter. The black bars each occupy about the length of two or three scales, and are separated by slightly greater light intervals. These intervals are yellowish white laterally with dark spots at the bases of the scales, while the central dorsal portions are pinkish anteriorly, becoming reddish orange toward and on the tail. The length to anus is 230mm., of the tail 56mm. 48.—Sonora episcopa (Kennicott) Our collection contains no specimens of this pretty little snake. Mr. Herbert Brown showed me one in the collection of the University of Arizona. This specimen was collected at Yuma, and has scales in fourteen rows, gastrosteges 173, urosteges 47, loreal 1-1, and the typical coloration. I have described elsewhere (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), II, 1912, p. 153) two specimens from Yuma, which are in the col- lection of Stanford University. These had scales in 15 rows, gastrosteges 169, 168, anal divided, and urosteges 45, 47. 49.—Sonora occipitalis (Hallowell) A fine specimen (No. 33451) was dug out of the sand at the base of a bush on a dune two or three miles east of Yuma, March 19, 1912. It was about a foot below the surface. In life, the dark rings were pure black, and between each pair of black rings was a transverse bar or half ring of cad- mium orange, of about the same width on the midline as the black rings, and separated from them by a nearly equal space, which was pale lemon yellow. This lemon tint extended down on to the sides, and the lower surfaces were a paler lemon. This specimen has 15 scale rows, gastrosteges 164, anal divided, urosteges 51, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 7-7, pre- Vor. III] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 413 oculars 1-1, postoculars 22, loreals 1-1, temporals 1-+2, pos- terior genials very small, black bars 21 on body and 8 on tail. A second specimen (No. 33809) from Yuma, presented by Mr. Herbert Brown, has scale rows 15, gastrosteges 167, anal divided, urosteges 22+-, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 8-8. pre- oculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, loreals 1-1, temporals 1+-2, pos- terior genials very small, black bars 22 on body. 51.—Rhinocheilus lecontei Baird and Girard No. 35295, Desert Laboratory, Tucson, June 20, 1912.— Scale rows 23, gastrosteges 197, anal entire, urosteges 51 last six divided, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 8-8, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 2-2, loreal 1-1, temporals 2+3, posterior genials shorter, 25 dark blotches on body and tail. No. 33843, Arizona——Scale rows 23, gastrosteges 193, anal entire, urosteges 50 of which 10 are divided, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 9-9, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, loreal 1-1, temporals 2+-3, posterior genials shorter, No. 33842, Arizona.—Scale rows 23, gastrosteges 186, anal entire, urosteges 47 of which 12 are divided, superlabials 8-8, infralabials 9-10, preoculars 1-1, loreal 1-1, temporals 2+3, No. 33844, Arizona.—Scale rows 23, preoculars 1-1, post- oculars 2-2, supralabials 8-8. No. 33838, Tucson, July 22, 1892.—Supralabials 7-8, pre- oculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, loreal 1-1, temporals 2+3. 53.—Salvadora grahamiae Baird and Girard The present collection includes six specimens of this snake. The scale counts are as follows: No. 33453, Yuma, March 14, 1912.—Scale rows 17, gastro- steges 211, anal divided, urosteges 67, supralabials 9-10, infra- labials 10-10, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 2-2, loreals 1-1, temporals 2+-3, genials equal. This specimen was caught late in the afternoon, as it was traveling along under some bushes on the desert. No. 33810, Yuma, Herbert Brown.—Scale rows 17, gas- trosteges 209, anal divided, urosteges 98, supralabials 9-10, infralabials 9-9, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 3-3, loreal 2-2. temporals 2+2, genials equal. No. 35296, Tucson, June 20, 1912—Scale rows 17, gas- 414 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47x Ser. trosteges 195, anal divided, urosteges 73, supralabials 9-9, pre- oculars 2-2, postoculars 2-2, temporals 2+-2-2+3. No. 33875, Desert Laboratory, Tucson.—Scale rows 17, gastrosteges 202, anal divided, urosteges 80, supralabials 9-9, infralabials 10-10, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 2-2, loreals 1-1, temporals 2+2, posterior genials longer. No. 34275, steam pump, eighteen miles north of Tucson, May 7, 1912.—Scale rows 17, gastrosteges 200, anal divided, urosteges 80, supralabials 9-9, infralabials 11-12, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, loreals 1-1, temporals 2+2-2-++3, poste- rior genials longer. No. 34754, Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., July 10, 1912. —Scale rows 17, gastrosteges 178, anal divided, urosteges 99, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10-10, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 2-2, loreals 1-1, temporals 2+-2, posterior genials shorter. This specimen was found lying on the ground in a small orchard toward evening. Mr. Herbert Brown showed us specimens from Pima Can- yon, Santa Catalina Mts., Pima Co., and from Mowry, Pata- gonia Mts., Santa Cruz County. 55.—Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus Cope We have secured only four Arizonan specimens of this snake. These are as follows: No. 17548, Cave Creek, Maricopa Co., April 6, 1910, John Carlson.—Scale rows 21, gastrosteges 185, anal divided, uros- teges 50, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 9-9, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 2-2, loreals 1-1, temporals 1+-2, posterior genials longer. No. 33874, vic. Desert Laboratory, Tucson, March 23, 1912. —Scale rows 21, gastrosteges 175, anal divided, urosteges 57, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 9-9, preoculars 1—1, postoculars 3-3, loreals 1-1, temporals 1+-2, posterior genials shorter. This snake was found under a stone. No. 34276, steam pump, eighteen miles north of Tucson, May 3, 1912.—Scale rows 21, gastrosteges 176, anal divided, urosteges 39-++, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10-10, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 2-2, loreals 1-1, temporals 1+1-1+2. This specimen was found under a tin can in a chicken yard. No. 35339, Gunsight, western Pima County, April 16-22, 1912.—Scale rows 21, gastrosteges 178, anal divided, urosteges Vor. III] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 415 58, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10-10, preoculars 1-1, post- oculars 2-3, loreals 1-1, temporals 1+2, posterior genials longer. Caught under a stone on the desert. 56.—Diadophis regalis Baird and Girard A single specimen, No. 34756, was caught in a peach orchard near the pine and oak belts in Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., July 29, 1912. This snake was found just before dusk as it was entering a hole by the side of a fence post. When opened this Diadophis was found to contain a fine large Tantilla wil- coxi which it must have just eaten. Scales are in 17 rows, gastrosteges 212, anal divided, urosteges 72, supralabials 7—7, infralabials 8-8, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 2-2, temporals 1+2, loreal 1-1, posterior genials shorter. 57.—Lampropeltis pyrrhomelaena Cope Three specimens were secured. No. 34684, from an altitude of 7000 ft. in the pine belt in Bear Canyon, on Mt. Lemon, Catalina Mts., Pima County, has scales in 23 rows, anal entire, urosteges 79, body and tail with 61 yellow rings. No. 34753, from the pine region in Ramsey Canyon, Hua- chuca Mts., July 11, 1912, has scales in 23 rows, anal entire, gastrosteges 227, urosteges 78, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 10-11, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, temporals 2++3, loreal 1-1, posterior genials shorter, body and tail with 48 yellow rings, snout yellow. , No. 35326, from pine woods in Oak Creek Canyon, Coco- nino County, Sept. 4, 1912, has scales in 23 rows, anal entire, gastrosteges 217, urosteges 70, supralabials 7-8, infralabials 10-10, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2-3, temporals 2+-3, loreal 1-1, posterior genials shorter, body and tail with 60 yellow rings, snout yellow. 60.—Lampropeltis boylii Baird and Girard A milk snake, No. 17542, collected at Cave Creek, Maricopa County, has white rings without black edging on the scales. It has scales in 25 rows, gastrosteges 226, anal entire, urosteges 48, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 9-9, preoculars 1-1, post- oculars 2—2, temporals 2+-4, loreal 1-1, posterior genials short- er, thirty-five white rings on body and tail. 416 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 61.—Bascanion flagellum frenatum Stejneger The collection includes specimens from Yuma, from Papago Wells close to the southeastern corner of Yuma County, and from Cave Creek, Maricopa County. No. 34203, Papago Wells, has scale rows 17, gastrosteges 192, anal divided, urosteges 110, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10-11, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 2—2, temporals 24-2+2, loreal 1-1, posterior genials longer. No. 17549, Cave Creek, has scale rows 17, gastrosteges 191, anal divided, urosteges 102, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10—- 10, preoculars 1-2, postoculars 2—2, temporals 2+-2-+-2, loreal 1-1, posterior genials longer. No. 30672, Yuma, Oct. 22, 1911, has scale rows 17, gas- trosteges 199, anal divided, urosteges 105, supralabials 8-8, in- fralabials 10-10, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2—2, temporals 2+2-+2, loreal 1-1, posterior genials longer. No. 30673, Yuma, Oct. 22, 1911, has scale rows 17, gas- trosteges 194, anal divided, urosteges 35+, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10-10, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2—2, temporals 2+2-+2, loreal 1-1, posterior genials longer. 62.—Bascanion piceum Cope Two specimens were captured in the bed of the Santa Cruz River near Tucson, May 29, 1912, and one was seen near the steam pump eighteen miles north of Tucson, and a fourth specimen was found dead in the central part of Pima county. The specimens caught May 29, 1912, were apparently mat- ing. They were lying on the sand at full length but entwined. When disturbed they immediately separated and _ instantly mounted to the top of a willow tree some twenty feet high, where they were captured with much difficulty. Both were jet black with the lower surfaces a beautiful coral pink. The fact that these two black snakes were mating is very interesting, since it would seem to indicate that they may really represent a distinct species rather than a melanistic phase of Bascanion flagellum frenatwm. In addition to the above localities these black racers have been taken at Fort Lowell and at Camp Grant, Arizona, and near Ensenada, Lower California. Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 417 No. 33871, a female, has scales in 17 rows, gastrosteges 195, and divided, pees 102, Sputarials 7-8, infralabials 9-10, preoculars 2—2, postoculars 2—2, temporals 2+2-+2, loreal 1-1, posterior eons longer. No. 33872, a male, has scales in 17 rows, gastrosteges 200, anal divided, urosteges 112, subrainls 8-8, infralabials 10- 11, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 2-2, temporals 2+-2+-2, loreal 1-1, genials equal. 63.—Bascanion semilineatum Cope Several specimens of this snake were captured in the Hua- chuca Mountains. They were found in the oak region near the lower ends of Miller, Ramsey, and Carr Canyons, July 10-30, 1912. One was found under a stone, one on a wall of rock, and the others on fairly open ground. The lower surfaces were straw-yellow. All have scales in seventeen rows, anal divided, loreal 1-1, postoculars 2—2, supralabials 8-8. The other counts are in order for Nos. 34749, 34750, 34751, 34752; gastro- steges 200, 200, 196, 200, urosteges 129, 138, —, 132, ie labials 9-9, 9-9, 9-10, 10-10, preoculars 1-1, 1- it Je My22: temporals 2+-2, 1+2-+3, 2+2+3, 24+2+2—2+3+3. Mr. Herbert Brown showed us a specimen collected at Har- shaw, Patagonia Mts., Santa Cruz County, July 20, 1910. 64.—Bascanion taeniatum (Hallowell) One typical specimen of this racer was collected at Oak Creek, Coconino County, September 2, 1912. It was found in the brush on the side of the canyon. It is No. 35235, and has scales in 15 rows, gastrosteges 198, anal divided, urosteges 125, supralabials 8-8 infralabials 9-9, preoculars 2-2, post- oculars 2-2, temporals 2+2-+-2, loreal 1-1, posterior genials longer. 65.—Arizona elegans Kennicott The only snake of this kind obtained, No. 33452, was dug out of a hole in a sand hill east of Yuma, March 19, 1912. It has scales in 27 rows, gastrosteges 209, anal entire, urosteges 49, supralabials 9-8, infralabials 13-12, preoculars 1-1, post- oculars 2-2, temporals 2+-3, posterior genials divided. In life the lower surfaces and two to three rows of lateral 418 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser. along mid back are lighter yellowish with whitish edges and with reddish or reddish brown marking near the base of each scale. The dark markings are in part blackish brown, in part deep olive. The head is light olive with darker olive mark- ings. This specimen contained a Dipsosaurus which it had eaten. ’ 66.—Pituophis catenifer deserticola Stejneger A large specimen, No. 33447, was found under some boards near Yuma, March 17, 1912. Two, Nos. 33869, 33870, were caught near the Santa Cruz River at Tucson, April 9, 1912; one, No. 34755, in Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts., July 20, 1912, and three specimens, Nos. 17541, 17546, 17547, were secured at Cave Creek. No. 33447, from Yuma, has scale rows 33, gastrosteges 258, anal single, urosteges 59, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 12-12, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 4-5, temporals 3+3 loreal 1-1, posterior genials shorter. This snake contained a small rodent. No. 33869, from Tucson, has scale rows 33, gastrosteges 237, anal single, urosteges 59, supralabials 9-10, infralabials 12-12, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 3-4, temporals 2+3, loreal 1-1, posterior genials shorter. No. 33870, from Tucson, has scale rows 31, gastrosteges 226, anal single, urosteges 64, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 13-13, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 3-3, temporals 3+-3, loreal 1-1, posterior genials shorter. No. 34755, from Huachuca Mts., has scale rows 33, gastro- steges 233, anal divided, urosteges 57, supralabials 8-8, infra- labials 13-14, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 3-4, temporals 4+4, loreal 1-1, posterior genials shorter. No. 17541, from Cave Creek, has scale rows 31, gastro- steges 237, anal single, urosteges 64, supralabials 9-9, infra- labials 14-14, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 44, temporals 3-3, loreal 1-1, posterior genials shorter. No. 17546, from Cave Creek, has scale rows 35, gastro- steges 245, anal single, urosteges 60, supralabials 9-9, preocu- lars 1-1, postoculars 3-3, loreal 1-1, posterior genials shorter. Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 419 No. 17547, from Cave Creek, has scale rows 31, gastro- steges 235, anal single, urosteges 57, supralabials 8-8, infra- labials 12-12, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 3-3, temporals 4+-4, loreal 1-1, posterior genials shorter. 67.—Thamnophis vagrans (Baird and Girard) Our collection includes only one Arizonan specimen of this snake. It (No. 35266) was caught Sept. 1-3, 1912, on Oak Creek, Coconino County, with numerous specimens of Tham- nophis eques and T. angustircstris. All three species were found in the water or on the rocks in the stream. No. 35266 has 21-19-17 scale rows, gastrosteges 148, anal entire, urosteges 76, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10-10, pre- oculars 1-1, postoculars 3-3, loreals 1-1, temporals 1+-2, posterior genials slightly shorter. The dorsal line is rather indistinct except anteriorly, but it can be seen that the upper spots encroach upon it. The lateral lines are upon the second and third rows of scales. There are no definite dark nuchal blotches or light postoral crescents. The gastrosteges show only a little dark brown or black along their anterior edges. This species has been recorded from Fort Verde, Fort Whipple, San Francisco Mountain, Mineral Spring and Pres- cott, Arizona. 68.—Thamnophis eques (Reuss) We have at hand twenty-one specimens of this snake. Three (Nos. 17543, 17544, and 17545) are from Cave Creek, Mari- copa County, May 9, 1910. Ten (Nos. 35256 to 35265) were secured at Oak Creek, Coconino County, Sept. 1-3, 1912. Two (34169 and 34170) were shot in Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mountains, April 4, 1912. The other six (34277 to 34282) were collected in the foothills of the Catalina Moun- tains near the steam pump eighteen miles north of Tucson, May 10-18, 1912. All of these specimens show the normal coloration with lateral lines on the second and third rows of scales, prominent dark nuchal blotches and no light postoral crescents. WVaria- tion in scale characters is given in the following table: 420 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. ee ee a somalia 4 2 2 5 a = No. Scale rows 8 3 4 ‘S 3 3 = Temporals 3 3 & & hall Fy are 5 5 a eS Vays eee 17543 | 19—17 164 | 82 8—8 | 10—10 }1—1/3—3]1—1] 1+2 17544 | 19—17 172 | 47+] 8—8 | 10—10 }1—1/3—3}1—1) 1+2 17545 | 19—17 172 | 93 8—9 | 11—11 |1—1/)3—3]1—1] 1+3 34169 | 19—17 167 | 77 8—8 | 10—10 }1—1/3—4]1—1] 1+2 34170 | 19—17 167 | 85 8—8 | 10—10 |1—2/3—3}1—1] 1+3 34277 | 19—17 167 | 97 8—8 | 10—10 |1—1/3—3}1—1| 1+2—1-+3 34278 | 19—17 174 | 93 8—8 | 10—10 |1—1/3—3}1—-1| 1-+2 34279 | 19—17 171 | 80 8—8s | 10—10 |1—1/3—3]1—-1| 2+3 34280 | 19—17 173 | 87 8—8s | 10—10 }1—1)3—3}1—1) 1+2 34281 | 19—17 166 | 55+] 8—9 | 10—10 |1—1/3—3}1—1] 1+3 34282 | 19—17 166 | 48+] 8—8 | 10—10 }1—1/3—3}1—1| 142 35256 | 19—17 92 | 8—8 | 10—10 |1—1/3—3}1—1| 14+2—1+3 35257 | 19—17 170 | 90 | 8—8 } 10—10 |1—1)3—3)1—1) 1--2 35258 | 21—19—17| 166 | 88 | 8—8 | 10—10 }1—1/3—3]1—1) 1-+-2 35259 | 19—17 173 | 96 | 8—8 | 10—10 |1—1)2—2)1—1| 1+2 35260 | 19—17 175 | 92 8—8 | 9—10 |1—1/3—4/1—1} 142 35261 | 19—17 168 | 88 | 8—8 | 10—11 |1—1|3—3}1—1| 1+2 35262 | 19—17 170 | 88 | 8—8 | 10—10 }1i—1|3—4]1—1) 1+-2 35263 | 19—17 172 | 97 | 8—8 | 10—10 |1i—1}3—3]1—1| 1+2 35264 | 19—17 171 | 91 8—8 | 10—10 }1—1)3—3]1—1| 1+2 35265 | 19—17 170 | 86 | 8—8 | 11—11 |1—1/3—3}1—1|] 1+2—1+3 69.—Thamnophis marcianus (Baird and Girard) Four specimens of this species are in the collection. Nos. 35298, 35299, and 35300 are from Tucson Aug. 22-23, 1912, while No. 35159 was caught at Fairbank, Cochise County, August 16-17, 1912. These specimens agree in coloration, having postoral crests, dark nuchal blotches, lateral line on third row of scales or indefinite, large dorsal spots, and gastro- steges marked with black laterally. No. 35298, has scale rows 21-19-17, gastrosteges 149, anal entire, urosteges 64, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10-10, pre- oculars 1-1, postoculars 3-4, loreal 1-1, temporal 1+3-2+3, posterior genials longer. No. 35299, has scale rows 21-19-17, gastrosteges 162, anal entire, urosteges 65, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10-11, pre- oculars 1-1, postoculars 3-4, loreal 1-1, temporals 1+2+3, posterior genials longer. No. 35300, has scale rows 21-19-17, gastrosteges 156. anal entire, urosteges 65, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10-11, pre- oculars 1-1, postoculars 4-4, loreal 1-1, temporals 1+3+ 3-1+-3-+-3, posterior genials longer. Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 421 No. 35159, has scale rows 21-19-17, gastrosteges 157, anal entire, urosteges 67, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10-11, pre- oculars 1-1, postoculars 3-3, loreal 1-1, temporals 14-3, pos- terior genials longer. These snakes were caught in mud puddles on the desert a mile or more from the river. Mr. Herbert Brown sent us a number from Yuma, but they were destroyed in the San Francisco fire of April, 1906. 70.—Thamnophis megalops (Kennicott) We have six specimens of this garter snake. Nos. 35158, 35160, 35161, were collected at Fairbank, Cochise County, August 15-17, 1912. Nos. 33876, 33877, and 33878, were caught at Tucson, March 20-April 13, 1912. These speci- mens all have loreals 1-1, preoculars 1-1, anal entire, posterior genials longer. No distinct postoral light crescents, no very definite dark blotches on nape, lateral lines on the third and fourth rows of scales. Variation is shown in the following table : gy as 3 & No. Scale rows 3 3 4 3 8 Temporals () P n at o¥ 33876 | 21—19—17 162 75 88 LO 10. esa aS 33877 | 21—19—17 154 38+] 8—9 | 10—10 | 3—4 } 14+2—1+43 33878 | 21—19—17 157 74 8—8 | 10—10 | 3—3 | 143 35158 | 21—23—21—19) 159 77 8—8 |} 10—10 | 3—4 | 1+2+3 35160 | 21—19—17 161 8—8s } 10—10 | 3—3 | 1+2+3 35161 | 2i—19—17 162 72 lore 10—10 |} 4—4 | 14+2+3 The specimens secured at Tucson were caught close to the Santa Cruz River. No. 33876 was caught at about 4+ p. m. in a pool near a ditch. It was swimming several inches be- low the surface of the water, seemingly in pursuit of the little fish which were very numerous in the pool. The snake soon coiled up under some brush at the edge of the pool, and there we captured it. On the morning of March 30, 1912, we were walking along the banks of the Santa Cruz River hunting frogs, when we heard a cry similar to that of a young kitten. 422 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Sex. As we drew nearer indistinct though loud croaking sounds could be heard at intervals interspersed with the kitten-like cries. Soon we discovered a garter snake (No. 33877) of this species coiled up on shore a couple of feet from the edge of the water holding in its jaws a Rana pipiens, which it had seized by one hind leg, and which was crying lustily. When we approached still closer, the snake dropped the frog and both made for the water, which the frog succeeded in reaching. No. 33876, was colored in life as follows: The head above is clear olive. The supralabials are straw yellow, the anterior and posterior ones tinged with olive, and all showing posterior edgings of black. The oculars are yellowish olive. The dor- sal line is bright ochre anteriorly, becoming dull yellow on the posterior half of the body. The laterals lines are olive yellow on the neck, but posteriorly become grayish yellow and then cream or grayish white. Nuchal blotches are black- ish, but are not very evident. The area between the dorsal and lateral lines is clear olive brown, with two rows of nearly con- cealed blackish blotches separated by concealed light greenish white areas on the skin between the scales. The lower laterals and tips of the gastrosteges are olive brown, a little lighter than the area between the stripes. The lower surfaces are yellowish white on head and neck, grayish or olive white elsewhere, the gastrosteges with concealed black markings laterally. 71.—Thamnophis angustirostris (Kennicott) Eighteen of these snakes were collected at Oak Creek, Coconino County, Sept. 1-4, 1912. Oak Creek is a moun- tain stream running through a deep canyon with many oak trees. Perhaps a thousand feet above the stream is the pine forest of the plateau. These snakes were found in the stream, either on rocks or in the water. All have 21-19-17 scale rows. The posterior genials are either equal to or longer than the anterior. No. 35248 has the anal divided. The loreals are 1-1 ex- cept in No. 35249, which has two on one side of the head. Variation in other scale characters is shown in the following table : Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 423 35245 | 171 85 8—8 | 10—X 35246 | 166 73 tee Aly ko al) 3—4 | -F1-+-3—1--2-43 i Pa e B 3 t @ g No 3 2 3 ci 3 z Temporals $ 8 5 2 3 8 5 5 B ic a a 35238 175 85 8—8 | 10—10 — 3—3 | 1+1+2—1+1+4+3 35239 165 69 8—8 9—9 — 3—3 | 1+1+1—1+1+3 35240 | 170 82 8—7 9—10 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1+2+3—1+1+43 35241 170 84 8—9 9—10 rom 3—3 | 1+2+2—1+1+2 35242 166 72 8—8 | 10—10 — 3—3 | 1+1+2—1+1+2 35243 165 75 8—8 | 10—10 — 3—4 | 1+14+3—1+4+1+3 35244 177 87 8—8 9—10 — 3—3 | 1+1+3—1+2+4+3 35247 | 172 80 8—8 | 10—10 Sad Mis allie hee a) 35248 | 161 72 8—8 | 10—10 Ceol el ee lle tl OY 35249 | 172 83 8—8 | 10—10 ee Wn ee aE as} 35250 | 173 86 88) 10-10 ed |i lS ale il Se) 35251 176 87 8) 9—9 Sse SS 35252 | 167 80 8—8 | 10—10 Bad a eel bs Ya) 35253) 165 83 $—87 |) 10—10 35254 | 166 86 i—i 9—9 35255 | 161 74 8— 8 | 9—9 Se A ihr bea) 3—3 | 1+-1-+-3—1-+41+3 Si=o)y)| IS sabe ies NNWNYNNNNNNHNNNNNNNN i, cS NNN NNY NNN NNYWNHNNH NHN d bdo 72.—Trimorphodon lyrophanes Cope One specimen was obtained from Professor Brown. It is labeled Rosemont, Pima County. It is No. 33846, and has scales in 21 rows, gastrosteges 234, anal divided, urosteges 56+, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 10-11, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, temporals 2-+-3-3-+-4, loreal 2-2, posterior genials shorter. There are thirty-seven dark dorsal blotches, of which nine are on the tail. 73.—Tantilla nigriceps Kennicott A species of Tantilla was found to be fairly common along the Santa Cruz River near Tucson, where eleven specimens were collected between March 26 and April 1. One (No. 34171) was secured in Ventana Canyon, near the base of the Catalina Mts., April 28, 1912. They are much smaller than Tantilla wilcoxi, and have fewer gastrosteges and no posterior dark border on collar. These twelve specimens agree in hay- ing scales in 15 rows, preoculars 1-1, temporals 1-1, supra- labials 7-7, infralabials 7-7, anal divided, posterior genials shorter. Other scale counts are: November 3, 1913 424 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. Number. Gastrosteges. Urosteges Postoculars. 33879 135 58 2-2 33880 140 58 2-2 33881 141 26+ 2-2 33882 142 51 2-2 33883 135 64 2-2 33884 143 58 1-1 33885 140 62 2-2 33886 141 64 2-2 33887 148 5 2-2 33888 143 62 2-2 33889 142 59 2-2 34171 135 53 2-2 The first infralabials of all these specimens are separated by the mental. The collar in all is from one to three rows of scales behind the parietals, is from one to one and a half rows of scales in width, and is not edged with darker scales. The lower surfaces are suffused with coral-red. Although the type of T. wilcoxi was recorded by Cope as T. nigriceps, it is probable that the latter has not hitherto been taken in Arizona. This Arizonan Tantilla is readily distinguished from the Californian Tantilla eiseni by its smaller number of gastro- steges (135 to 148 as against 167 to 181 in T. eiseni). Tan- tilla planiceps from Lower California has only 138 to 140 gastrosteges, but the white nuchal collar is on the sixth and seventh rows of scales behind the parietals. Tantilla wilcoxt has a larger number of gastrosteges (148 to 157) and the white collar crosses the parietals. No. 33885 was colored in life as follows: Upper surface of head dark olive, becoming blackish brown. posteriorly. Labials, lower surface of head and neck to sixth gastrostege, tips of all gastrosteges, and two or three rows of lateral scales on each side, grayish white. Upper surfaces (except of head) unicolor, light yellowish hair-brown or brownish straw. Rest of lower surfaces from sixth gastrostege to tip of tail bright coral red. 74.—Tantilla wilcoxi Stejneger The only example of this species secured is a fine large specimen removed from the stomach of a Diadophis regalis Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 425 caught in Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., July 29, 1912. It is No. 34757, and has scales in 15 rows, gastrosteges 157, _ anal divided, urosteges 58, superlabials 7-7, infralabials 7-6, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, temporals 1+1, posterior genials shorter. The white collar crosses the posterior por- tion of the parietals and about two rows of scales on the neck. It is about as wide as the length of three scales, and is bordered behind by a dark band about the width of one scale row, and is similarly edged with dark anteriorly. The first infralabials just meet on the midline. The color below is coral-red. This species may be distinguished from T. nigriceps by the position of the light collar, the larger number of gastro- steges, and the meeting of the first infralabials. The specimen collected in the Huachucas by Mr. Price, August 20, 1893, originally recorded by me (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2), VI, 1896, p. 346), as T. coronata has only 148 gastrosteges, while Dr. Stejneger’s type has 152. 75.—Elaps euryxanthus Kennicott Nos. 35324 and 33837 from Tucson, and No. 33845 from Rosemont, Pima County, were presented by Professor Brown, while No. 35326 was secured from the Carnegie Desert Laboratory at Tucson. No. 33837, from the University Campus, Tucson, May 31, 1905, has scales in 15 rows, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 7-7, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, temporals 1+2, black bands on body and tail 14. No. 35324, Tucson, has scale rows 15, gastrosteges 216, anal divided, urosteges 29, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 6-6, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, temporals 1+2, black bands on body and tail 12, yellow 22, red 10. No. 33845, Rosemont, Sept. 22, 1902, has scale rows Wp gastrosteges 224, anal divided, urosteges 24, supralabials 7, infralabials 8, preocular 1, postoculars 2, temporals 1-2, black bands on body and tail 13, yellow 24, red 11. No. 35326, Tucson, has scale rows 15, anal divided, uro- steges 25, black bands on body and tail 9, yellow 19, red 9. 426 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser. 77.—Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard Seven specimens of this rattlesnake are in the collection. One (No. 17535) was collected, April 4, 1910, at Cave Creek, Maricopa County. The others are from the Huachuca Mts., in Cochise County. No. 17535, Cave Creek, has scale rows 27, gastrosteges 191, anal entire, urosteges 25, two divided, supralabials 17-18, infralabials 17-18, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreal 2-3, No. 34735, near Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., June 29, 1912, female, has scale rows 27, gastrosteges 189, anal entire, urosteges 22, supralabials 17-18, infralabials 16-16, preocu- lars 2—2, postoculars 3-3, loreal 1-1. No. 34736, head of Ramsey Canyon, July 11, 1912, has scale rows 27, gastrosteges 190, anal entire, urosteges 23 two divided, supralabials 17-17, infralabials 15-16, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreal 1-1. No. 34737, Ramsey Canyon, July 30, 1912, has scale rows 27, gastrosteges 193, anal entire, urosteges 21, supralabials 17-17, infralabials 18-18, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreal 1-1. No. 34738, Ramsey Canyon, July, 1912, has scale rows 27, gastrosteges 191, anal entire, urosteges 27, supralabials 16-17, infralabials 17-18, preocular 2—2, postoculars 3, loreal 1-1. No. 34739, Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., July 27, 1912, female containing seven young, has scale rows 27, gastrosteges 191, anal entire, urosteges 23, supralabials 17-18, infralabials 16-18, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreal 1-1. No. 34740, Ramsey Canyon, July 28, 1912, has scale rows 27, gastroteges 194, anal entire, urosteges 20 two divided, supralabials 18-18, infralabials 17-18, preoculars 2-2, post- oculars 3-3, loreal 1-1. 78.—Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard The collection includes one specimen (No. 33656) from Yuma, Sept. 14, 1912, six (Nos. 17532, 17533, 17534, 17536, 17537, 17538) from Cave Creek, Maricopa County, April 10- May 15, 1910, and ten from the vicinity of Tucson, April 11- August 23, 1912. These all show the typical coloration. Their scale characters are shown in the following table: Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 427 g 3 ct 2 Ei No i B Urosteges 4 ic] | FI =, 2 £ é @ 8 2 3 e ¢ a c= 2 3 8 n 1a) nD 4 AY Ay yn 33656 183 24 (1+) 15—16 | 17—17 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1-1 17532 yf 188 22 (1+) 15—15 | 16—16 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1—1 17533 27 186 18 (4+) 15—15 | 16—17 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1—1 17534 25 184 23 (O+) | 14—14 | 16—16 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1_-1 17536 27 185 18 (2+) 15—17 | 18—19 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1—-1 17537 25 185 21 (5+) | 16—16 | 16—16 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1—1 17538 27 182 24 (10+)} 14—15 | 16—17 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1—-1 33873 25 179 24 (3+) PSO S15) i) 2 —— 2) eS —— 3S) | —— 34265 27 183 23 (1+) | 15—16 | 17—17 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1—1 34266 25 187 19 (3+) 15—15 | 17—18 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 11 34267 25 183 26 (5+) | 16—16 | 18—18 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1—1 34268 BS 183 24 (1+) | 14—14 | 16—17 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1—1 34269 25 181 27 (O+) | 14—14 | 14—15 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1-1 34270 27 190 21 (1+) | 15—17 | 16—16 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1—1 34271 25 184 25 (4+) | 15—14 | 17—17 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1-1 34273 25 185 19 (2+) | 15—15 | 16—18 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 1—1 35297 25 183 24 (0+) 15—16 | 18—18 | 2—2 | 3—3 | 0—0 79.—Crotalus tigris Kennicott This species seems to be quite rare in southern Arizona. We secured only one specimen (No. 34274) near the steam pump about eighteen miles north of Tucson, May 8, 1912. This one was caught about four p. m. just as it was entering a hole in the ground. Crotalus atrox was common in the same locality. The scale rows are 25, gastrosteges 165, anal entire, uro- steges 20, supralabials 14-14, infralabials 14-15, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 2-3, loreals 1-1. There are forty dark bars on the body and five on the tail. 80.—Crotalus confluentus Say We refer to this species one specimen (No. 17531) from Cave Creek, Maricopa County. The coloration in life was greenish. In alcohol it is pale and resembles C. atrox. The bands on the tail are pure black on a light ground as in C. atrox. On the posterior portion of the body the rhombs be- come cross-bars. The lower surfaces are white, unmarked. The head markings are somewhat faded, but in position and character are those of C. confluentus, with which species it agrees in scale characters. It has scales in 25 rows, gastrosteges 177, anal entire, urosteges 19, two divided, supralabials 16-16, infralabials 16- 428 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 16, preocular 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreal 1-1, dark markings on body are 26 rhombs and 12 cross-bars to anus, 4 black bands on tail. 81.—Crotalus oregonus Holbrook We have three Arizonan specimens of the Pacific Rattle- snake. One is a young specimen (No. 35237) from Oak Creek, Coconino County, Sept. 2, 1912. The coloration of head, body, and tail is perfectly typical of this species. The scales are in 23 rows, gastrosteges 165, anal entire, urosteges 24, supralabials 15-15, infralabials 15-15, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreals 1-1, dark dorsal markings on body 38. No. 17539, is a large adult secured at Cave Creek, Maricopa County, May 1, 1910. Its head is unicolor above and on sides, dark brown without any trace of markings. The dorsal rhombs are somewhat indistinct, and number 33 on the body to the tail, which bears six brown cross-bars. The lower sur- faces are mottled with brown. The scale rows are 25, gastrosteges 170, anal entire, urosteges 24, supralabials 15-15, infralabials 14-15, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreal 1-1. No. 34683, caught at an altitude between 7000 and 8000 feet at the Wilderness of Rocks, on Mt. Lemon, Santa Cata- lina mountains, Pima County, June 12, 1912, has dorsal rhombs solid jet-black without lighter centers, but separated from each other by bright sulphur yellow edgings. The sides are brownish drab with dark brown markings and a few scat- tered yellow scales. The lower surfaces are yellowish white marbled with dark brown. There are eight dark brown rings on the tail, separated by narrow dark gray intervals. The head markings are as in typical C. oregonus. Scale rows 25, gastrosteges 170, anal entire, urosteges 25 one divided, supra- labials 16-16, infralabials 15-15, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreals 1-1, dorsal rhombs to tail 31. When we reached Tucson we heard much of the black rattle- snake of the Catalinas, as this species is locally known. It was with much difficulty that we secured a specimen (No. 34683). There can be no doubt that it is specifically identical with C. oregonus of California. Whether it will be necessary to regard the dark Arizona snakes as a subspecies, C. oregonus cerberus (Coues), cannot be decided until more specimens are Vor. IIT] VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN—ARIZONAN REPTILES 429 received. The lighter specimens from Cave and Oak creeks make us doubt the wisdom of using a distinct name for these snakes. Crotalus oregonus probably occurs in Arizona only at considerable altitudes. 82.—Crotalus cerastes Hallowell This rattlesnake was found by us near Yuma, where five were secured. No. 33450, March 15, 1912, adult, found coiled in the mouth of a hole under a cactus.—Scale rows 21, gastrosteges 145, anal entire, urosteges 21, none divided, supralabials 12— 12, infralabials 13-13, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3 loreals 1-1. No. 33448, March 17, 1912, young, found crawling under a bush.—Scale rows 23, gastrosteges 139, anal entire, urosteges 21, five divided, supralabials 12-12, infralabials 12-12, pre- oculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreals 1-1. No. 33449, March 17, 1912, young, found coiled in the mouth of a hole-——Scale rows 23, gastrosteges 143, anal en- tire, urosteges 23, one divided, supralabials 13-13, infralabials 13-13, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreals 1-1. No. 33654, Sept. 16, 1912, adult, caught on the desert at night.—Scale rows 21, gastrosteges 146, anal entire, urosteges 15, one divided, supralabials 12-12, infralabials 13-13, loreals 1-1. No. 33655, Sept. 12, 1912, young, found under a tin can on desert.—Scale rows 21, gastrosteges 146, anal entire, uro- steges 16, two divided, supralabials 13-13, infralabials 13-13, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreals 1-1. No. 33448 contained a Uta stansburiana, while No. 33449 had eaten a Cnemidophorus tigris. 83.—Crotalus mitchellii Cope Two bright red specimens of this species were secured by Mr. Carlson at Cave Creek, Maricopa County: No. 17540 on April 16, and No. 20814 on May 25, 1910. No. 17540 has scale rows 23, gastrosteges 163, anal entire, urosteges 18, none divided, supralabials 15-15, infralabials 14-16, preoculars 2—2, postoculars 3-3. No. 20814 has scale rows 25, gastrosteges 169, anal entire, urosteges 21, three divided, supralabials 15-17, infralabials 430 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41TH Ser. 16-17, preocular 2-2, postoculars 3-3. Mr. Herbert Brown sent us two white rattlesnakes of this species collected by Dr. W. J. McGee in the Tinajas Atlas Range about fifty miles southeast from Yuma. Unfortu- nately they were destroyed in the great fire of April, 1906. 84.—Crotalus lepidus Kennicott The only specimen secured was found crawling up a granite boulder on the hillside above Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts., July 17, 1912. In life the coloration was light green, with light brown bands. No. 34747 has scale rows 21, gastrosteges 162, anal entire, urosteges 24, none divided, supralabials 11-12, infralabials 11-12, preoculars 2-2, postoculars 2-2, loreals 2-2. 85.—Crotalus pricei Van Denburgh The only specimen of this handsome little rattlesnake was found in the bed of a stream in Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., July 16, 1912. It is No. 34748, and has scales in 21 rows, gastrosteges 154, anal entire, urosteges 24, nine divided, supralabials 9-9, infralabials 10-10, preoculars 2-2, postocu- lars 3-3, loreals 2-2, coloration typical. Mr. Herbert Brown sent me for examination a fine speci- men found by Mr. W. B. McCleary, May 28, 1912, on a rock at an altitude of about 7500 feet, on a ridge near Old Baldy, Madero Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., Santa Cruz County. This snake has scales in 23-21—21-21-19-17 rows, gastrosteges 153, anal entire, urosteges 25, the last seven divided, supra- labials 9-9, infralabials 10-10, spots along back to anus 48 on right, 56 on left, 8 dark bars on tail. Length to anus 395 mm., of tail 38 mm. to rattle. Rattle 17 mm. complete with seven segments. i? Chit i Mew NU een ie he { eatin, ee rm) a MAIN i rm Decne) iu xin Dai Ae Vj Aydt hi { ni nny m i we) yy, f [eu hey ce v ih vi ay Wh ih iY Ay i hye At Hy Ay pe a) aT We Ly a iM a i ey ‘ TA nly PUAN a 7 of 7 ‘ ee : ue, Saar 4 ae nS wa be 7 “i ildow(-es bo . > oe € 432 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF CES —— (Proc. 47 Sr. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard: BLAcK-TAILED RATTLESNAKE—Photo- graph from alcoholic specimen (No. 34738) collected in Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, July, 1912. Proc. CaLAcan. Sci 47 Ser VoLIil [VAN DENBURGHanp SLEVIN] PLATE XVII \ i i iy 1 3 j jl j : n ; f+ ' ’ y i ‘ L 1 fi uh } i : if ' i iy ni Vea AUN ive | i} aA omar | wed i ae Ae Pl A a PHN OANE We ; oy il : s M) A ied ) \ A (ee | : i aay Tah : a hfe ba : he i? al } i fl i ian fi hi f fig Heit ee f H 7 ts ml ; ih any NOUR CN: i 4 Die . Aaya Bi i lee ‘if Ad ( nv CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard: Desert DiaMonp RaTTLESNAKE—Pho- tograph from living specimen (field No. 1011) collected near Tucson, Arizona, August, 1912. Proc.CaLAcan. Sti 47% SER VoL (VAN DENBURGHanp SLEVIN] PLATE XVIII ri j t | j i i il i A thf y 1 j i ) ! yy J (; t } ‘ , { i 1 i ia ih i Ay ig | i i ul { ian um Ws ; re ! N uy ) Uh { ) ‘ ij 1 ; i} | i i ; A } ta i Te ih ry tet tf i ie ih rin Hl ' : ad ec YL i i i M f 5 A! i} ihn Tha Rule iy ey iy thy Ce, “i mi hh ; Noy sinh i ii a wo Abs; abil Aisa Vi er vias Th ae Fi) : i i Ni, ‘i an f eh ane iiss ip, isn mh Dae LL 4! i Then) ( PN ni 436 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX Crotalus tigris Kennicott: Ticer RATTLESNAKE—Photograph from alco- - holic specimen (No. 34274) collected near the Steam Pump eighteen miles north of Tucson, Arizona, May 8, 1912. Proc. Cal Acan. Scr 4.7 Ser. VoL Il [VAN DENBURGHanp SLEVIN] PLATE XIX hi Perey 006) ny ' . ui i aT ni i H i t a , Ate i i : ae vn at on Wii i ) it ASN [ mM ; i‘ ie ral he Wha ii a? re) i wh H an be MEHL yo lh Aversa a Nabi ily} a ey mr ts Pe em hailey ny f Et UE np J} { My ah Me i i} iy ; a Tans tn BY Vee pa} oe Ta mn Hen uN D io he heh i tl , ; a i aint At i ay i aye wo f a i i , : i m1 i | an it iy mM Diy, ty a i Walia Tita } ah } ate ‘ NY as [ vi } ih MAMAT At ys tay ; a Me ni au Pin Rae Pen ith i vii Reha ec hand et iN a. Maile Pa oe iN ; ) I ul mh hw i i 1 Ht vy Ile ey ' mney Di heeatabecthy mh i ip : a he ea ti ! i, i nt 1 mm) i uh! Ay al ATR est eal GN ! P ayinvon Weal ; Perea aK PG AN Bea hich) ye wee: Nie vl a tity id vai fi KAW p ii pia re i hel i 7) : heer ue ca Oey ie Dalicn Neh r f Peng OLAS if a Me ay ‘ ; : ¥) Mi " dali) van re a Pat REN GS GH Ne A) ae UST ENC ERs ean Wi rs ibs ‘a ; k } iP! , to) i re nine Wye f , hy iN site Wr rt i shite AU Hy. a a hs er o 4 - mV al) yi) i oT 7 - if . ¥ = C8 & y iW ae 438 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Paoc. 4m Sex. i \ t (eo) - EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX Crotalus confluentus Say: Prairte RATTLESNAKE—Photograph from alco- holic specimen (No. 17531) collected at Cave Creek, Maricopa Co., Arizona, in 1910. Proc.CaLAcan. Scr 4™ Ser. Vouiil (VAN DENBURGHanp SLEVIN] FLATE XX ‘| en eng Ae ; vy \ yea: nA ALG? : ‘ eh i ) , vk DAL eH Peers yh hota! TA ae yl \ fy ae ; i ie te 5 AN ae Phar \ te | : i : Hl i Hi ‘ f ; bl 1 r (oh z 4 AM NH Bai oe! i ons! an (it ii ji Thi i en a ‘i vee he Rein te! OM BERL iy i he iy net Nt ' ys : Ni) i I any i i Mi CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4rH Ser. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI. ’ Crotalus oregonus Holbrook: Pactric Rat?rLESNAKE—Photograph from alcoholic specimen (No. 34683) collected on Mt. Lemon, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, June 12, 1912. PRoc. CALAcap Scr 47 SER Vat Il [VAN DENBURGHanp SLEVIN] PLATE XXI ; Paria fen Mid : 7 a q ae od ye i UAT iyi re" Se aha Mf f ay ; f : h 1 i} ia 7 a | in hi i ah id a | ail Ray: == Sa a = a 442 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII Crotalus cerastes Hallowell: Hornep RattLesNAKE—Photograph from . living specimen (No. 33655) collected at Yuma, Arizona, Sept. 12, 1912. Proc.CaLAcap Scr 47 Ser Vob Ill [VAN DENBURGHanp SLEVIN] PLATE XXII ey hy nna ! aye Oy yatunie! ei ray ba C1 AO fun! fil TAY , | anh ! Mh 7 Vi pM, A a 444 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII Crotalus lepidus Kennicott: GREEN RaTTLESNAKE—Photograph from alcoholic specimen (No. 34747) collected in Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, July 17, 1912. Proc.CaLAcap Scr 4-7 Ser Voulll [VAN DENBURGHanp SLEVIN] PLATE XXII] are AWA SUE Ah AERURR AND id ‘ met ti |} OG anh A 7 i i [Ait \, thn NON ‘Maney a ' f ih } WO ay eaten Phew i, ill ea Pelee) int ANNU iy Leh DA We } r) NSU Nt athe HHA , i ; TLS MS 1 See e®) | 446 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV Crotalus pricei Van Denburgh: Price’s RaTtLESNAKE—Photograph from alcoholic specimen (No. 34748) collected in Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, July 16, 1912. Proc.CaLAcap. Sri 47 SER VoL III [VAN DENBURGHanp SLEVIN] PLATE XXIV ‘ie i i he a y i ny i i i EA GU ae t i 448 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41m Ser. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV Fig. 1. Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard—Section of skin. Fig. 2. Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard—Section of skin. Fig. 1 Fig. 2 ae ; Mt r i i ' if 1 ee | | ; 1 1 f ‘ 7 { ; ai ‘ a 1 i " { | { i i it 1 T ) ' i y ven . Mig i ; | i mn nN | | 1 ye i iy ei: one Aer zi nh i Wi Fil yt « CS a ui i AW aa iyo rH tha ; a NOH ane ih MeO t a! Mls ae i } i) if | ; Ie Me ‘4 i wu iy Vien i Af NORTE f LANL PUN ett bad ay i i i TANT i Mi ri 1 iy Nn a eat oy 3 AE Re aD Pen TE Hy Meet mil Bh j i PURE Te in Bh 1 oa) hin Hise i | ne / ' mown) gh cane ; i ho i a vn 1 STN TG PLL y ey mM vis it BI d y nn AAs Mee Ay i 4 NL i i i : PTE i Ne { 1 SAS ay hy 450 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI Fig. 1. Crotalus tigris Kennicott—Section of skin. Fig. 2. Crotalus mitchellii Cope—Section of skin. Proc.CaL Acan. Sci 47 SER Vou Iil [VAN DENBURGHanp SLEVIN] XXVI Fig. 1 Fig. 2 whi me a \ f : : "] ! i vi | j ii I a q ’ i fi yh! ' } Pa eh | mt Ace ey ; ‘ Ml f ; ’ aT : Ni ane : it h ; He f i ¥ F taal my i fl | ; i i J } i ; i} , 1 1 wo , ; i} iD 4 nail en ‘A i i i i i ‘ § i vi | Ai) "1 yu Dm | suse ity i wosl tt iy wu " ¥ A ot f r, y j von ee \ (hae pee in i a - ae CV ee jae j | ioe 1 re f ee, iit y 7 i} an 1 ( i : rf! or 1 + { a” { i ia i a ' } at et i} a ‘ Ki i Ae fy | . i } t | : : fa i i d ety ‘ | i wl 1, Vi i i am 1 i} i) : ii nt I | i ' | f ‘ | j ‘ i} ii it i > ie i : ian Mi AMP WN i} ie ae ! ie Ti Hoy om rae 7 Ie ie i (ry! + iy ; Nor hin EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII Fig. 1. Crotalus confluentus Say—Section of skin. Fig. 2. Crotalus oregonus Holbrook—Section of skin. Proc. CaLAcan. Sci 47" Ser Vou Ill [VAN DENBURGHanp SLEVIN] XXVIi ! Fig. 1 Fig. 2 - rea’ 454 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIII Fig. 1. Crotalus cerastes Hallowell—Section of skin. Fig. 2. Crotalus lepidus Kennicott—Section of skin. Fig. 3. Crotalus pricei Van Denburgh—Section of skin. Proc.CaLAcap. Scr 4-™ Ser Vou Il [VAN DENBURGHanp SLEVIN] XXVIII Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 ie Ve “ INDEX TO VOLUME III, FOURTH SERIES. For Index to A Distributional List of the Mammals of California, see Page 375. New names in heavy-faced type; Synonyms in italics. Achalinus spinalis, 254 werneri, 188, 254 Acteon, species, 10 Actitis macularia, 71 acuta, Dafila, 68 acutilineatus, Phacoides, 100 acutus, Agkistrodon, 52 Zichmophorus occidentalis, 58 AHgialitis nivosa, 71 Agasoma, 39, 98 barkerianum, 165 gravidum, 77, 100, 101, 165 kernianum, 19, 23, 25, 77, 100, 101 sanctacruzanum, species, 19 Agassiz, Prof. Louis, 76 agassizii, Gopherus, 392, 397 Agkistrodon acutus, 52, 55 alamedaénsis, Pinna, 100 albaria, Mactra, 167 Albatross, Black-footed, 64 Short-tailed, 64 albatrus, Diomedea, 65 albeola, Charitonetta, 69 aleuticus, Ptychoramphus, 59 alta, Metis, 19, 166 Metis (Lutricola), 30 alvarius, Bufo, 392, 395 alveata, Amauropsis, 10, 15 amamiensis, Eumeces marginatus, 188, 212, 217, 221 Amauropsis alveata, 10, 15 Amblycephalus formosensis, 55 Amblystomating, 183 Ambystoma macrodactylum, 259 tigrinum, 3892 americana, Fulica, 70 Oidemia, 69 americanus, Numenius, 71 Amphibians and Reptiles of Arizona, with Notes on the Species in the Collection of the Academy. By John Van Denburgh and Joseph R. Slevin, 391-454 Anderson, F. M., 78, 162 Anderson, F. M. A Further Stratigraphic Study in the Mount Diablo Range of California, 1-40 166 [455] The Neocene Deposits of Kern River, California, and the Temblor Basin, 73-148 andersoni, Heptranchias, 101 Pecten, 98, 100, 168 anglonana, Bullia, 166 Bullia (Molopophorus), 100 angustata, Aturia, 4 angustirostris, Thamnophis, 393 Anodonta, 31 antiquus, Carcharias, 101 Synthliboramphus, 59 antillarum, Sterna, 64 antiselli, Astrodapsis, 167 annulatus, Phacoides, 166 Aphriza virgata, 71 approximans, MHolbrookia 392, 399 aratus, Saxidomus, 27, 30 arborea japonica, Hyla, 190, 191 Arca breweriana, 8 canalis, 167 microdonta, 101, 167 montereyana, 19, 99, 165 obispoana, 167 trilineata, 27, 30, 167 arctatus, Colus, 101 Ardea herodias, 69 Arenaria interpres, 71 melanocephala, 71 arenicolor, Hyla, 392, 394 argentatus, Larus, 62 Arizona elegans, 150, 393, 417 arizonae, Cnemidophorus, 393 Arnold, Dr. Ralph, 104, 108, 116, 162 arnoldi, Nassa, 100, 101 Ascaphus (Notes on), 259-264 Ascaphus truei, 259 astori, Macoma, 167 Astrodapsis antiselli, 167 merriami, 19 perrini, 167 tumidus, 23, 26, 167 whitneyi, 26, 167 species, 18, 28, 25 ater, Sauromalus, 392, 398 atrocostata, Emoia, 234 atrox, Crotalus, 394, 426 attwoodi, Ostrea, 25, 167 Aturia angustata, 4 maculata, 456 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Serr. atwoodi, Ostrea, 167 Aucella, 9 Auklet, Cassin’s, 59 Paroquet, 59 Rhinocerus, 59 auritus, Colymbus, 58 Phalacrocorax, 68 aurora, Rana, 159 Babina, 196 holsti, 196, 197, 198, 199 subaspersa, 197, 198, 199, 200 bachmani, Haematopus, 72 Baculites chicoénsis, 8 species, 8 baileyi, Crotaphytus collaris, 147, 392, 398 bairdi, Pisobia, 70 Balanus concavus, 165 species, 30 barbarensis, Glycimeris, 166 barbouri, Eumeces, 188, 189, 213, 214, 216 Barker, John, 78, 101 barkerianum, Agasoma, 165 Barker ranch Well, 86 Barnacles, 18 Bascanion flagellum frenatum, 154, 393, 416 piceum, 393, 416 semilineatum, 393, 417 taeniatum, 157, 393, 417 Bathytoma keepi, 166 beldingi, Verticaria hyperythra, 150, 152 Belemnites, 9 bellus, Pecten, 168 bicolor, Dendrocygna, 69 biplicata, Cuma, 100, 165 biscutata, Thamnophis vagrans, 158 biseriatus, Sceloporus, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 156 blainvillii, Phrynosoma, 148, 152 frontale, Phrynosoma, 148, 149 Blake, Wm. P., 76, 97, 101 boettgeri, Hemibungarus, 257 Leilopisma laterale, 188, 237, 239 borealis, Lucina, 19, 23, 26 boulengeri, Sphenomorphus, 188, 189, 232 boutonii nigropunctatus, Cryptobleph- arus, 241 bowersi, Pecten, 100 bowringii, Hemidactylus, 207 boylii, Lampropeltis, 150, 393, 416 Rana, 159 brachycephala, Rana pipiens, 158 Brachyramphus craverii, 60 hypoleucus, 60 marmoratus, 59 branneri, Carcharodon, 101 Glycimeris, 165 Pecten, 165 Pectunculus, 100 Branta nigricans, 69 breweriana, Arca, 8 Scutella, 165 brewerianus, Clypeaster (Scutella), 30 brownii, Phyllorhynchus, 393 browni, Lygosaurus pellopleurus, 188, 240 buergeri, Polypedates, 204 Bufo alvarius, 392, 395 cognatus, 392, 395 lentiginosus woodhousii, 392, 394 punctatus, 392, 395 Bulla, species, 19 bulleri, Puffinus, 66 Bullia anglonana, 166 (Molopophorus) anglonana, 100 Bungarus, 42 Buwalda, John P., 74 calearea, Macoma, 166 Calidris leucophwa, 71 californiw, Lampropeltis, 149, 151 californica, Crytomya, 27 Nassa, 30 Oliva, 19, 100, 166 Placuanomia, 167 californicum, Tritonium, 15 californicus, Larus, 62 Pelecanus, 68 Calliophis macclellandii, 54, 255, 256 swinhoei, 188, 255 Callisaurus dracontoides, 153 ventralis, 148, 152, 158, 392, 400 Callista, species, 16 Callophis macclellandii (?), 54, 255, 256 callosa, Neverita, 19, 98, 100 canalifera, Rimella, 4, 10 eanalis, Arca, 167 Cancellaria condoni, 100, 166 dallana, 100 joaquinensis, 100 pacifica, 100 simplex, 100 species, 19, 23, 39 candata, Urosyca, 4 canum, Gyalopium, 393 canus, Larus, 63 capense, Daption, 65 Carcharias antiquus, 101 Oarcharodon branneri, 101 rectus, 101 Cardita veneriformis, 15 Cardium cooperi, 11, 18, 15 coosense, 167 Vor. III.J meekanum, 167 quadrigenarium, 166 (ef. C. quadrigenarium), 25 vaqueroénse, 99 vaquerosense, 165 species, 101 carinatus, Pseudagkistrodon, 51 carisaénsis, Chorus, 23, 26 Trophon, 167 Carman, F. J., 86, S87 carneipes, Puffinus, 66 Carpenter, A. G., 74, 99 eatenatus edwardsii, Sistrurus, 394 eatenifer, Pituophis, 149, 150, 158 deserticola, Pituophis, 393, 418 eatilliformis, Mactra, 25, 166 Mactra (Spisula), 30 Pecten, 101 Catoptrophorus semipalmatus, 71 Cepphus columba, 61 cerastes, Crotalus, 394, 429 Cerorhinca monocerata, 59 cerrosensis, Pecten, 167 mendenhalli, Pecten, 167 Chama, species, 30 Charitonetta aIbeola, 69 Check List of Miocene Invertebrates of California, 170-177 chicoénsis, Baculites, 8 Chilomeniscus cinctus, 3938, 410 chinensis, Eumeces, 211, 213, 225 formosensis, Eumeces, 188, 218, 226 Hyla, 190, 191 Chionactis episcopa, 411 episcopus, 153 isozonus, 411 occipitalis, 411 Chione, 39 conradiana, 165 mathewsoni, 165 securis, 167, 168 staleyi, 167 succincta, 168 temblorensis, 19, 23, 25, 26, 88, 98, 100, 167, 168 species, 8, 19, 25 Chondrotus paroticus, 259 Chorus, 39 carisaénsis, 23, 26 Chrysodomus imperialis, 167 portolaensis, 167 species, 100 cinctus, Chilomeniscus, 393, 410 cinereus, Priofinus, 66 Cinulia obliqua, 8 Circinaria, 102 cirrhata, Lunda, 59 clarkii, Sceloporus, 392, 404 clavata, Lamna, 101 INDEX 457 Clemmys marmorata, 155 clypeata, Spatula, 68 Clypeaster (Scutella) brewerianus, 30 gibbsi, 30 Cnemidophorus arizonae, 393, 408 gularis, 393, 407 melanostethus, 393, 408 scalaris, 408 stejnegeri, 150, 151 tigris, 153, 157, 393, 409, 429 coalingaénsis, Glycimeris, 167 Mytilus, 167 Pecten, 27, 30, 167 cognatus, Bufo, 392, 395 Coleonyx variegatus, 152, 392, 397 collaris baileyi, Crotaphytus, 147, 392, 398 collaris, Marila, 68 collina, Crassatella, 27 colubrina, Laticauda, 46 columba, Cepphus, 61 Colus arctatus, 101 Colymbus auritus, 58 holbelli, 58 nigricollis, 58 concavus, Balanus, 165 Concerning Certain Species of Rep- tiles and Amphibians from China, Japan, the Loo Choo Islands, and Formosa. By John Van Denburgh, 187- 258 condoni, Cancellaria, 100, 166 confluentus, Crotalus, 394, 427 congesta, Tellina, 16, 166 conjuncta, Lampropeltis, 154, 393 Conrad, T. A., 76 conradi, Dosinia, 99, 165 conradiana, Chione, 165 Gyrodes, 8 consobrinus, Sceloporus, 392, 405 Conus hayesi, 166 owenana, 100 owenianus, 19, 166 Cooper, Dr. J. G., 77, 98, 99 cooperi, Cardium, 11, 18, 15 Dentalium, 10, 15 Ficopsis, 15 Terebra, 100, 166 coosense, Cardium, 167 Coot, 70 copei, Natrix, 52 Corbicula, 102 dumblei, 102, 166 Cormorant, Brandt's, 68 Double-crested, 68 Pelagic, 68 cornutum, Phrynosoma, 392 coronata, Tantilla, 425 eostata, Oylichna, 10, 13 costellata, Trochita, 30, 165 458 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tH Sze. Cosymobotus platyurus, 208 couchii, Scaphiopus, 392, 395 Crassatella collina, 27 crassicardo, Pecten, 23, 25, 26, 30, 40, 167 craverii, Brachyramphus, 60 creatopus, Puffinus, 65 Crepidula praerupta, 100, 101 princeps, 100, 168 species, 19 cretacea, Lucina, 10, 11 Crotalus atrox, 394, 426 cerastes, 394, 429 confluentus, 394, 427 lepidus, 394, 430 mitchellii, 152, 394, 429 molossus, 394, 426 oregonus, 149, 151, 158, 394, 428 pricei, 394, 430 tigris, 394, 427 willardi, 394 Crotaphytus collaris baileyi, 147, 392, 398 silus, 155 wislizenii, 152, 153, 155, 392, 398 Crustacea, species, 15 Cryptoblepharus boutonii nigropuncta- tus, 241 Oryptomya californica, 27 ovalis, 167 Cuma biplicata, 100, 165 Curlew, Hudsonian, 71 Long-billed, 71 eyanocincta, Disteira, 41, 46 cyanura, Emoia, 235 Cylichna, 4 costata, 10, 13 Oyrena (Corbicula) dumblei, 99 Cytherea diabloénsis, 167 (Callista) mathewsoni, 99, 101 (Callista) species, 23 species, 99 Dafila acuta, 68 Dalatias occidentalis, 101 Dall, Dr., 102 dallana, Cancellaria, 100 Daption capense, 65 darwiniensis, Hydrelaps, 42 deglandi, Oidemia, 69 delawarensis, Larus, 62 Dendraspis, 42 Dendrocygna bicolor, 69 densata, Mactra, 19 Mulinia, 167 Dentalium, 4 cooperi, 10, 15 stramineum, 8 substriatum, 100 species, 100 dentata, Zirphwa, 23, 167 Description of a New Genus and Spe- cies of Salamander from Japan. By Surgeon J. ©. Thompson, U. S. Navy, 183, 186 Description of a New Species of Sea Snake from the Philippine Islands, with a Note on the Palatine Teeth in the Proteroglypha. By John Van Denburgh and Joseph ©. Thomp- son, 41-48 deserticola, Pituophis catenifer, 393, 418 Desmostylus, 101, 102 species, 19 diabloensis, Cytherea, 167 Diadophis regalis, 393, 415, 424 Diamenia, 42 Diatomaceae, 111, 115, 116 diegoensis, Solen (Hypogella), 10 Diemictylus, 200 Diomedea albatrus, 65 nigripes, 64 Diplodonta harfordi, 23, 30, 167 parilis, 167 Dipsosaurus dorsalis, 152, 392, 398 directus, Modiolus, 167 Discoglossidae, 259 Discohelix leana, 15 discus, Pecten, 18, 19, 167, 168 Disteira, 41 brookii, 42 cincinnatii, 42 eyanocincta, 41, 46 fasciata, 41, 42 ornata, 46 stokesii, 46 Distributional List of the Mammals of California (A). By Joseph Grin- nell, 265 Doliophis, 42 Dolium petrosum, 4 dorsalis, Dipsosaurus, 152, 392, 398 Takydromus, 242, 252 Dosinia .conradi, 99, 165 mathewsoni, 27, 165 ponderosa, 19, 166 whitneyi, 98, 99 species, 19, 101 douglassii, Phrynosoma, 156 dracontoides, *Callisaurus, 153 draytonii, Rana, 149 Duck, Black Brant, 69 Buffle-head, 69 Fulvous Tree-Duck, 69 Harlequin, 69 Old-squaw, 69 Ring-necked, 68 Ruddy, 69 Scoter, 69 Surf, 69 White-winged, 69 Vor, III.] dulcis, Leptotyphlops, 893, 409 dumblei, Corbicula, 102, 166 Cyrena (Corbicula), 99 Pleurotoma (Clathurella), 100 Eakle, Dr. A. S., 94 edentula, Psammobia, 165 edwardsii, Sistrurus catenatus, 394 effingeri, Polypedates, 203 eiseni, Tantilla, 424 Elaphe porphyracea, 53 Elaps, 42 euryxanthus, 394, 425 Eldridge, Geo. H., 77, 82 eldridgei, Ostrea, 100 elegans, Arizona, 150, 393, 417 Eumeces, 189, 211, 212, 222, 223, 234 Sterna, 63 Thamnophis, 158 Emoia atrocostata, 2384 cyanura, 235 Epiphragmophora, 102 episcopa, Chionactis, 411 Sonora, 398, 411, 412 episcopus, Chionactus, 153 Epitonium (Opalia) (cf O. rugiferum), 100 eques, Thamnophis, 393, 419 Ereunetes pusillus, 70 Erismatura jamaicensis, 69 erythrorhynchos, Pelecanus, 68 estrellana, Panopaea, 167 estrellanus, Pecten, 23, 25, 26, 30, 40, 167 Etchegoin fauna, 164, 166, 167, 180, 181 etchegoini, Pecten, 30 Eumeces, 211 barbouri, 188, 189, 213, 214, 216 chinensis, 211, 213, 225 chinensis formosensis, 188, 213, 226 elegans, 189, 211, 212, 222, 223, 234 ishigakiensis, 188, 212, 213, 217, 221 kishinouyei, 211, 213, 227 latiscutatus, 212, 213, 214, 216 latiscutatus okadae, 213, 214 Marginatus, 189, 212, 216, 223 marginatus amamiensis, 188, 212, 217, 221 kikaigensis, 188, 212, 219 obgoletus, 393 skiltonianus, 147, 149, 151 Euprepes ruhstrati, 229 euryxanthus, Elaps, 394, 425 excavatus, Pecten, 168 Fairbanks, Dr., 108, 118, 162 INDEX 459 fairbanksi, Scutella, 165 fasciata, Disteira, 41 fasciatus, Hydrophis, 47 Faunal Zones in the Miocene of Cali- fornia, 162 fedoa, Limosa, 71 Ficopsis cooperi, 15 Ficus, 102 kernianus, 166 nodife1us, 166 pyriformis, 25, 166 stanfordensis, 166 filosa, Trochita, 19, 100, 167 fissipes, Microhyla, 204 flagellum frenatum, Bascanion, 154, 393, 416 Foraminifera, 15 formosanus, Takydromus, 234, 243, 245 formosensis, Amblycephalus, 55 formosensis, Eumeces chinensis, 188, 213, 226 Leiolopisma laterale, 188, 237, 238 Sphenomorphus indicus, 188, 231, 234 forsteri, Sterna, 64 fortis, Pisania, 167 frenatum, Bascanion flagellum, 154, 398, 416 frenatus, Hemidactylus, 207 frontale, Phrynosoma blainvillii, 148 Fulica americana, 70 fulicarius, Phalaropus, 70 Fulmarus glacialis, 65 rodgersi, 65 fureata, Oceanodroma, 66 Further (A) Stratigraphic Study in the Mount Diablo Range of Cali- fornia. By Frank M. Anderson, 1-40 Fusus (cf. Fusus aequilateralis), 13 futheyana, Oliva, 100 gabbi, Leda, 10, 13, 15 Pseudocardium, 27 gabbianus, Trophon, 166 ‘ Galeocerdo productus, 101 Gavia immer, 58 pacifica, 58 stellata, 58 Gekko japonicus, 206, 207, 208 swinhonis, 206, 207 generosa, Glycimeris, 25, 27, 30 Panopaea, 166 genticulata, Natica, 101 Geologic Range of Miocene Inverte- brate Fossils of California. By James Perrin Smith, 161-182 Geomolge, 183 Gerrhonotus kingii, 393, 407 scincicauda, 157 scincicauda ignavus, 148, 150 460 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. gibbsi, Clypeaster (Scutella), 30 Scutella, 25, 31, 167 giganteus, Hinnites, 165 Godwit, Marbled, 71 Goodyear, W. A., 77 Gopherus agassizii, 392, 397 glacialis, Fulmarus, 65 glaucescens, Larus, 62 globosa, Neverita, 10 Glycimeris barbarensis, 166 branneri, 165 coalingaensis, 167 generosa, 25, 27, 30 Goniobasis, 30 Grace Oil Co.'s Well No. 5, 85, 86 graciosa, Uta, 392, 402 graciosus, Sceloporus, 149, 156 grahamiae, Salvadora, 150, 393, 413 gravidum, Agasoma, 77, 100, 101, 165 Grebe, Eared, 58 Holbell'’s, 58 Horned, 58 Pied-billed, 58 Western, 58 gregaria, Tamiosoma, 25, 26, 40, 167 Grinnell, Joseph: A Distributional List of the Mammals of California, 265- 390 griseus, Puffinus, 65 Guillemot, Pigeon, 61 gularis, Cnemidophorus, 393, 407 Gull, Bonaparte’s, 63 California, 62 Glaucus, 62 Glaucus-winged, 62 Heermann’s, 63 Herring, 62 Mew, 63 Ring-billed, 62 Sabine’s, 63 Western, 62 Gyalopium canum, 393 Gyrodes conradiana, 8 Hematopus bachmani, 71 hallowelli, Hyla, 188, 190 hamlini, Pecten, 166 hammondii, Scaphiopus, 392 Thamnophis, 149, 150, 151, 152 hardwickii, Lapemis, 46 Harelda hyemalis, 69 harfordi, Diplodonta, 23, 30, 167 harti, Ophisaurus (7%), 50 hayesi, Conus, 166 heermanni, Larus, 63 Heloderma suspectum, 393, 406 Hemibungarus boettgeri, 257 japonicus, 254, 256, 257 Hemidactylus bowringii, 207 frenatus, 207 marmoratus, 207 Hemifusus wilkesana, 19 Hemipristis heteropleurus, 101 Heptranchias andersoni, 101 hernandesi, Phrynosoma, 392, 405 herodias, Ardea, 69 Heron, Great Blue, 69 Night, 69 Heteractitis incanus, 71 Heterodon nasicus, 393 heteropleurus, Hemipristis, 101 Heteroterma trochoidea, 4 Hinnites giganteus, 165 (rel. H. giganteus), 19 hirundo, Sterna, 64 Histrionicus histrionicus, 69 histrionicus, Histrionicus, 69 hoffmani, Turritella, 108, 109 holbelli, Colymbus, 58 Holbrookia maculata approximans, 392, 399 texana, 392, 399 holsti, Babina, 197, 199, 200 Rana, 196 homochroa, Oceanodroma, 67 Homomya, species, 99 Hoplites, 9 horni, Meretrix, 10, 15 Tellina, 15 horsfieldii, Ptychozoon, 208 hudsonicus, Numenius, 71 humilis, Siagonodon, 153, 393, 409 Hydrelaps darwiniensis, 42 Hydrochelidon nigra, 64 Hydrophinae, 42 Hydrophis, 41 fasciatus, 47 Hydrus platurus, 46 hyemalis, Harelda, 69 Hyla arborea japonica, 190, 191 arenicolor, 392, 394 chinensis, 190, 191 hallowelli, 188, 190 regilla, 149 Hynobius, 183 hyperboreus, Larus, 62 hyperythra beldingi, Verticaria, 150, 152 hypoleucus, Brachyramphus, 60 Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, 393, 414 idriaénsis, Ostrea, 10 ignavus, Gerrhonotus scincicauda, 148, 150 ijimae, Rana, 193 immer, Gavia, 58 imperialis, Chrysodomus, 167 impressa, Voldia, 4, 166 incanus, Heteractitis, 71 indicus, Sphenomorphus, 280, 232, 234 formosensis, Sphenomorphus, 188, 231, 234 Vor. III.) inezana, Natica, 165 Tevela, 100 Turritella, 165 sespeensis, Turritella, 165 inezanus, Modiolus, 165 inornata, Trochita, 167 inquinata, Macoma, 30 interpres, Arenaria, 71 interradiatus, Pecten, 11 Invertebrates (Miocene) of California (Check List of), 170-177 ishigakiensis, Eumeces, 188, 212, 213, 217, 221 Japalura polygonata, 188, 210, 211 isozonus, Chionactis, 411 Tsurus planus, 101 smithi, 101 tumulus, 101 Jaeger, Long-tailed, 62 Parasitic, 61 Pomarine, 61 jagorii, Sphenomorphus, 234 jamaicensis, Erismatura, 69 Japalura polygonata, 209, 210 polygonata ishigakiensis, 188, 210, 211 miyakensis, 188, 210, 211 polygonata polygonata, 210 swinhonis, 208 swinhonis mitsukurii, 209, 210 japonica, Hyla arborea, 190 japonicus Gekko, 206, 208 hemibungarus, 254, 256, 257 polypedates, 205 jarrovii, Sceloporus, 392, 403 Jepson, Willis L., 75 joaquinensis, Cancellaria, 100 Jordan, Dr. David Starr, 78, 99, 101 jugularis, Scaphander, 100, 101 keepi, Bathytoma, 166 kennedyi, Terebratalia, 165 kernensis, Trophon, 19, 100 kernianum, Agasoma, 19, 23, 25, 77, 100, 101 kernianus, Ficus, 166 Kern River Group, 95, 106, 111 Kern River stratigraphy, 83-85 kettlemanensis, Thais, 167 kikaigensis, Eumeces marginatus, 188, 212, 219 Killdeer, 71 kingii, Gerrhonotus, 393, 407 Kinosternon scnoriense, 392, 396 kishinouyei, Eumeces, 211, 213, 227 Kittiwake, 62 kuehnei, Takydromus, 50, 252 kuhlii, Rana, 195 Lamna clavata, 101 Lampropeltis boylii, 150, 393, 415 ealiforniw, 149, 151 INDEX 461 conjuncta, 154, 393 pyrrhomelena, 398, 415 splendida, 593 Lapemis hardwickii, 46 Larus argentatus, 62 californicus, 62 canus, 63 delawarensis, 62 glaucescens, 62 heermanni, 63 hyperboreus, 62 occidentalis, 62 philadelphia, 63 laterale, Leiolopisma, 235 boettgeri, Leiolopisma, 188, 237, 238 formosensis, Leiolopisma, 188, 237, 238 laterale, Leiolopisma, 237 reevesii, Leiolopisma, 237 Laticauda colubrina, 46 latiscutatus, Eumeces, 212, 213, 214 okadae, Eumeces, 213, 214 leana, Discohelix, 15 lecontei, Rhinocheilus, 154, 393, 413 Leda, 3, 4 gabbi, 10, 13, 15 oregona, 99 oregona (?%), 16 taphria, 166 Leiolopisma laterale, 235, 239 boettgeri, 188, 237, 239 formosensis, 188, 237, 238 laterale, 237, 237 reevesii, 237, 237 lentiginosus woodhousii, Bufo, 392, 394 lepidus, Crotalus, 894, 480 Leptotyphlops dulcis, 393, 409 leucomystax, Polypedates, 206 leucophea, Calidris, 71 lewisi, Natica, 30 lewisii, Lunatia, 166 Lichanura roseofusea, 151, 393, 410 lima, Purpura, 100 Limosa fedoa, 71 lobatus, Lobipes, 70 Lobipes lobatus, 70 Logs of Deep Wells, 120 lompocensis, Pecten, 165 longa, Tellina, 10 longicaudata, Mabuya, 228 ruhstrati, Mabuya, 229 longicaudus, Stercorarius, 62 Loon, 58 Pacific, 58 Red-throated, 58 Lucina borealis, 19, 23, 26 Lucina.(?) cretacea, 10, 11 Lunatia lewisii, 166 Lunda cirrhata, 59 462 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tH Ser. Lygosaurus pellopleurus, 240 pellopleurus browni, 188, 240 lyrophanes, Trimorphodon, 393, 423 Mabuya longicaudata, 228 longicaudata ruhstrati, 229 m’callii, Phrynosoma, 153, 393, 406 macclellandii, Calliophis, 255, 256 Callophis ({%), 54 Macoms astori, 167 calcarea, 166 inquinata (1%), 30 nasuta, 23, 165 secta, 27, 166 species, 19, 27 macrodactylum, Ambystoma, 259 Macropisthodon, 51 Mactra albaria, 167 (cf. M. albaria), 99 eatilliformis, 25, 166 (Spisula) catilliformis, 30 (Spisula) (rel. M. falcata), 99 densata, 19 species, 10, 11, 99 macularia, Actitis, 71 maculata approximans, 392, 399 magister, Sceloporus, 148, 153, 393, 404 magnolia, Pecten, 100, 165 Mammals of California, A Distribu- tional List of the. By Joseph Grin- nell, 265-390 Marcia oregonensis, 167 marcianus, Thamnophis, 154, 393, 420 Margarita, species, 8 marginatus, Eumeces, 189, 212, 214, 216, 223 amamiensis, Eumeces, 188, 212, 217, 221 kikaigensis, Eumeces, 188, 212, 219 Marila collaris, 68 marmorata, Clemmys, 155 marmoratus, Brachyramphus, 59 Hemidactylus, 207 mathewsoni, Chione, 165 Oytherea (Callista), 99, 101 Dosinia, 27, 165 Mytilus, 19, 25, 30, 99 maxima, Sterna, 63 meekanum, Cardium, 167 Megalestris skua, 61 megalops, Thamnophis, 393, 421 melania, Oceanodroma, 67 melanocephala, Arenaria, 71 melanocephalus, Oligodon, 54 melanoleuca, Naja, 42 melanostethus, Onemidophorus, 893, 408 mendenhalli, Pecten cerrosensis, 167 Holbrookia, Meretrix horni, 10, 15 uvasana, 10 Merganser, Red-breasted, 68 Mergus serrator, 68 Merriam, Dr. J. C., 77, 98, 108, 162 merriami, Astrodapsis, 19 Scutella, 165 Metis alta, 19, 166 Metis (Lutricola) alta, 30 microdonta, Arca, 101, 167 Microhyla fissipes, 204 miguelensis, Pecten, 165 minutilla, Pisobia, 70 Miocene Invertebrates of Oalifornis (Check List of), 170-177 Miocene Species that are Still Living (List of), 181 Miopleioma oregonensis, 167 mitchellii, Crotalus, 152, 394, 429 mitsukurii, Japalura polygonata, 210 Japalura swinhonis, 209 miyakensis, Japalura polygonata, 188, 210, 211 modestum, Phrynosoma, 393 Modiola ornata, 11 Modiolus directus, 167 inezanus, 165 multiradiatus, 167 molossus, Crotalus, 394, 426 moltrechti, Polypedates, 203 Rhacophorus, 200 monocerata, Cerorhinca, 59 montereyana, Arca, 19, 99, 165 Monterey Shales, 109 Monterey-Temblor faunas, 164, 165, 166, 177-179 Morio (Sconsia) tuberculatus, 10 Morrice, Charles, 102 Mount Diablo Range of California (A Further Stratigraphic Study in the). By Frank M. Anderson, 1-40 Mulinia densata, 167 multiradiatus, Modiolus, 167 Muremnichthys, 46 thompsoni, 46 Murre, 61 Murrelet, Ancient, 59 Marbled, 59 Xantus', 80 Mytilus coalingaénsis, 167 mathewsoni, 19, 25, 30, 99 species, 100 Naja melanoleuca, 42 namiyei, Rana, 194, 197 nasicus, Heterodon, 393 Nassa arnoldi, 100, 101 californica, 30 nasuta, Macoma, 23, 165 Natica genticulata, 101 inezana, 165 lewisi, 30 Vor. III.) (rel. N. lewisi), 100 ocoyana, 101 species, 8, 25 Natrix copei, 52 Neocene Deposits of Kern River, Oali- fornia, and the Temblor Basin (The). By Frank M. Anderson, 73- 148 nevadanus, Pecten, 165 nevadensis, Pecten, 100, 101 Neverita callosa, 19, 98, 100 globosa, 10 recluziana, 27, 30 secta, 10 species, 10 New and Previously Unrecorded Spe- cies of Reptiles and Amphibians from the Island of Formosa. By John Van Denburgh, 49-56 nigra, Hydrochelidon, 64 nigricans, Branta, 69 nigriceps, Tantilla, 394, 423 nigricollis, Colymbus, 58 nigripes, Diomedea, 64 nigropunctatus, Cryptoblepharus bou- tonii, 241 nivosa, Adgialitis, '71 nodiferus, Ficus, 166 notata, Uma, 153, 392, 399 Notes on a Collection of Reptiles from Southern California and Arizona. By John Van Denburgh, 147-154 Notes on Ascaphus, the Disceglossoid Toad of North America. By John Van Denburgh, 259-264 Notes on Some Reptiles and Amphi- bians from Oregon, Idaho and Utah. By John Van Denburgh, 155-160 Nucula truncata, 4 Numenius americanus, 71 hudsonicus, 71 nuttalli, Saxidomus, 166 nutteri, Pecten, 167 Nycticorax nycticorax, 69 nycticorax, Nycticorax, 69 obispoana, Arca, 167 obliqua, Cinulia, 8 obsoletus, Eumeces, 393 Oceanodroma furcata, 66 homochroa, 67 melania, 67 occidentalis, #chmophorus, 58 Dalatias, 101 Larus, 62 Sceloporus, 156 Terebratalia, 165 occipitalis, Chionactis, 411 Sonora, 393, 411, 412 ochrorhynchus, Hypsiglena, 393, 414 Ochsner, W. H., 74, 99 ocoyana, Natica, 101 INDEX 463 Tellina, 100, 101 Turritella, 18, 19, 77, 88, 98, 100, 101, 166 ocoyanus, Syectypus, 101 Oidemia americana, 69 deglandi, 69 perspicillata, 69 okadae, Humeces latiscutatus, 213, 214 okinavana, Rana, 192 Oligodon melanocephalus, 54 ornatus, 53 subgriseus, 54 templetoni, 54 waandersii, 54 Oliva californica, 19, 100, 166 futheyana, 100 Olivella pedroana, 166 Onychodactylus, 183 Ophisaurus harti (?), 50 opisthomelas, Puffinus, 65 oreutti, Sceloporus, 149, 150, 151, 152 oregona, Leda, 99 Leda (7%), 16 Yoldia, 166 oregonensis, Marcia, 167 Miopleioma, 167 oregonus, Crotalus, 149, 151, 158, 394, 428 ornata, Disteira, 46 Modiola, 11 Terepene, 392, 396 Uta, 392, 401 ornatus, Oligodon, 53 Ostrea, 39, 100 attwoodi, 25, 167 eldridgei, 100 idriaénsis, 10 titan, 19, 23, 26, 30, 35, 40, 167 veatchi, 167 vespertina, 167 ovalis, Cryptomya, 167 owenana, Conus, 100 oweni, Pecten, 30, 167 owenianus, Conus, 19, 166 owstoni, Polypedates, 200, 201 Polypedates schlegelii, 202, 203 Oxyechus vociferus, 71 Oyster-catcher, Black, 72 pabloensis, Pecten, 167, 168 pachecoénsis, Turritella, 13 Pachypalaminus, 183 boulengeri, 184 pacifica, Cancellaria, 100 Gavia, 58 pajaroanus, Schizothoerus, 167 Panopaea estrellana, 167 generosa, 166 paradisaea, Sterna, 64 parasiticus, Stercorarius, 61 464 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41m Sep. parietalis, Thamnophis, 150-158 parilis, Diplodonta, 167 paroticus, Chondrotus, 259 peckhami, Pecten, 3, 4, 16, 18, 20, 165 Pseudomusium, 4 Pecten, 39 andersoni, 98, 100, 167, 168 bellus, 168 bowersi, 100 branneri, 165 catilliformis, 101 cerrosensis, 167 mendenhalli, 167 coalingaénsis, 27, 30, 167 crassicardo, 23, 25, 26, 30, 40, 167 discus, 18, 19, 167, 168 estrellanus, 23, 25, 26, 30, 40, 167 (rel. P. estrellanus), 100 etchegoini, 30 excayatus, 168 hamlini, 166 interradiatus, 11 (rel. P. islandicus), 23 lompocensis, 165 magnolia, 100, 165 miguelensis, 165 nevadanus, 165 nevadensis, 100, 101 nutteri, 167 oweni, 30, 167 pabloénsis, 167, 168 peckhami, 3, 4, 16, 18, 20, 165 perrini, 100, 165 propatulus, 166 sanctaecruzensis, 165, 168 sespeénsis, 100, 165 vanvlecki, 165 vaughani, 165 wattsi, 30, 167 species, 19 Pectunculus, 30 branneri, 100 Sagitatus, 15 septentrionalis, 30, 98, 100 pedroana, Olivella, 166 pelagicus, Phalacrocorax, 68 Pelecanus californicus, 68 erythrorhynchos, 68 Pelican, California Brown, 68 White, 68 pellopleurus, Lygosaurus, 240 browni, Lygosaurus, 188, 240 penicillatus, Phalacrocorax, 68 Perissolax, species, 8 perrini, Astrodapsis, 167 Pecten, 100 perspicillata, Oidemia, 69 pertenuis, Venus, 98, 167 Petrel, Ashy, 67 Black, 67 Fork-tailed, 66 Pintado, 65 petrosum, Dolium, 4 Phacoides acutilineatus, 100 annulatus, 166 richthofeni, 100, 165 sanctaecrucis, 167 Phalacrocorax auritus, 68 pelagicus, 68 penicillatus, 68 Phalarope, Northern, 70 Red, 70 Phalaropus fulicarius, 70 Phaleris psittacula, 59 philadelphia, Larus, 63 Phrynosoma blainvillii, 148, 150, 151, 152 blainvillii frontale, 148 cornutum, 392 douglassii, 156 frontale, 148 hernandesi, 392, 405 m’callii, 153, 393, 406 modestum, 393 platyrhinos, 156, 157, 393, 406 solare, 392, 406 Phyllorhynchus brownii, 393 piceum, Bascanion, 393, 416 Pinna alamedaénsis, 100 Pintail, 68 pipiens, Rana, 392, 395, 422 brachycephala, Rana, 158 Pisania fortis, 167 Pisobia bairdi, 70 minutilla, 70 Pituophis catenifer, 149, 150, 158 catenifer deserticola, 393, 418 Placuanomia californica, 167 planiceps, Tantilla, 424 planus, Isurus, 101 Platanus, 102 platurus, Hydrus, 46 platyrhinos, Phrynosoma, 156, 157, 393, 406 platyurus, Cosymobotus, 208 Plethodon vandykei, 259 Pleurotoma (OClathurella) 100 Pleurotoma transmontana, 101 Plover, Black-bellied, 71 Snowy, 71 podiceps, Podilymbus, 58 Podilymbus podiceps, 58 polygonata, Japalura, 209, 210 ishigakiensis, Japalura, 188, 210, 211 miyakensis, Japalura, 188, 210, 211 polygonata, Japalura, 210 dumblei, Vor. III.) Polyodontophis collaris, 50 Polypedates buergeri, 204, 206 eiffingeri, 203 japonicus, 205 leucomystax, 206 moltrechti, 203 owstoni, 200, 201 robustus, 206 schlegelii, 200 schlegelii viridis, 202 owstoni, 202, 203 viridis, 200, 201 pomerinus, Stercorarius, 61 ponderosa, Dosinia, 19, 166 ponderosus, Trophon, 167 porphyracea, Elaphe, 53 portolaensis, Chrysodomus, 167 Poso Creek, stratigraphy, 83-85 praerupta, Crepidula, 100, 101 pretiosa, Rana, 159, 259 pricei, Crotalus, 394, 430 princeps, Crepidula, 100, 168 Priofinus cinereus, 66 productus, Galeocerdo, 101 propatulus, Pecten, 166 Proteroglypha, 41-48 Psammobia edentula, 165 Pseudagkistrodon, 51 carinatus, 51 Pseudelaps, 42 Pseudocardium gabbi, 27 Pseudomusium peckhami, 4 psittacula, Phaleris, 59 Ptychoramphus aleuticus, 59 Ptychozoon horsfieldii, 208 Puffinus bulleri, 66 carneipes, 66 creatopus, 65 griseus, 65 opisthomelas, 65 tenuirostris, 66 Tufted, 59 punctatus, Bufo, 392, 395 Purpura lima, 100 vaquerosensis, 165 pusillus, Ereunetes, 70 pyriformis, Ficus, 25, 166 pyrrhomelaena, Lampropeltis, 398, 415 Pyrula tricostata, 4 quadrigenarium, Cardium, 166 Rail, Virginia, 70 Rallus virginianus, 70 Rana aurora, 159 boylii, 159 draytonii, 149 holsti, 196 ijimae, 193 kuhlii, 195 latouchii, 55 namiyei, 55, 194, 197 okinavana, 192 INDEX 465 pipiens, 392, 395, 422 brachycephala, 158 pretiosa, 159, 259 subaspera, 196 taipehensis, 56 recluziana, Neverita, 27, 30 rectus, Carcharodon, 101 reevesii, Leiolopisma laterale, 237 regalis, Diadophis, 393, 415, 424 regilla, Hyla, 149 Reptiles and Amphibians: Concerning Certain Species of Reptiles and Amphibians from China, Japan, the Loo Choo Islands, and Formosa. By John Van Denburgh, 187-258 Description of a New Species of Sea Snake from the Philippine Islands, with a Note on the Palatine Teeth in the Proteroglypha. By John Van Denburgh, 41-48 (A) List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Arizona, with Notes on the Species in the Collection of the Academy. By John Van Denburgh and Joseph R. Slevin, 391-454 New and Previously Unre- corded Species of Reptiles and Amphibians from the Island of Formosa. By John Van Denburgh, 49-56 Notes on a Collection of Rep- tiles from Southern Cali- fornia and Arizona. By John Van Denburgh, 147- 154 Notes on Ascaphus, the Dis- ecoglossoid Toad of North America. By John Van Denburgh, 259-264 Notes on Some Reptiles and Amphibians from Oregon, Idaho and Utah. By John Van Denburgh, 155-160 Rhacophorus moltrechti, 200 Rhinocheilus lecontei, 154, 393, 413 richthofeni, Phacoides, 100, 165 Rimella canalifera, 4, 10 Ripley, F. C., 88 Rissa tridactyla, 62 robustus, Polypedates, 206 rodgersi, Fulmarus, 65 roseofusea, Lichanura, 151, 393, 410 ruhstrati, Euprepes, 229 Mabuya longicaudata, 229 sabini, Xema, 63 saffordi, Turritella, 15 sagitatus, Pectunculus, 15 466 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Srp. Salamandrella, 183 Salix, 102 Salvadora grahami, 150, 393, 413 sanctacruzanum, Agasoma, 166 sanctaecrucis, Phacoides, 167 santaecruzensis, Pecten, 165, 168 Sanderling, 71 Sandpiper, Baird's, 70 Least, 70 Semipalmated, 71 Spotted, 71 San Pablo—Santa Margarita faunas, 164, 166, 167, 180-181 Santa Fe Well ‘‘Rasmussen'’ No. 28, 85, 86, 88 Sauromalus ater, 392, 398 sauteri, Takydromus, 50, 251 Saxidomus, 30 aratus, 27, 30 nuttalli, 166 scalaris, Cnemidophorus, 408 Sceloporus, 392 Scaphander, 4 jugularis, 100, 101 Scaphiopus couchii, 392, 395 hammondii, 392 Sceloporus biseriatus, 148, 149, 1650, 151, 152, 156 clarkii, 392, 404 consobrinus, 392, 405 graciosus, 149, 156 jarrovii, 392, 403 magister, 148, 153, 392, 404 occidentalis, 156 orcutti, 149, 150, 151, 152 scalaris, 392 Schizothoerus pajaroanus, 167 schlegelii, Polypedates, 200 owstoni, Polypedates, 202, 203 viridis, Polypedates, 202 scincicauda, Gerrhonotus, 157 ignavus, Gerrhonotus, 148, 150 scopulosis, Sigaretus, 100, 167 Scutella, 30 breweriana, 165 fairbanksi, 165 gibbsi, 25, 30, 31, 167 merriami, 165 secta, Macoma, 27, 166 Neverita, 10 securis, Chione, 167, 168 semiannulata, Sonora, 393, 411, 412 semilineatum, Bascanion, 393, 417 semipalmatus, Oatoptrophorus, 71 septentrionalis, Pectunculus, 30, 98 Takydromus, 50, 242, 243 serrator, Mergus, 68 sespeénsis, Pecten, 100, 165 Turritella inezana, 165 Shearwater, Black-tailed, 66 Black-vented, 65 Buller's, 66 Flesh-footed, 66 Pink-footed, 65 Slender-billed, 66 Sooty, 65 Shoveller, 68 Siagonodon humilis, 153, 393, 409 sicarius, Solen, 98, 100, 166 Sigaretus scopulosis, 100, 167 silus, Crotaphytus, 155 simplex, Cancellaria, 100 Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii, 394 skiltonianus, Eumeces, 147, 149, 151 Skua, 61 skua, Megalestris, 61 Slevin, Joseph R. (With John Van Denburgh): A List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Arizona, with Notes on the Species in the Collection of the Academy, 391-454 smaragdinus, Takydromus, 247 Smith, Dr. J. Perrin, 102, 118 Smith, James Perrin: Geologic Range of Miocene Invertebrate Fossils of Cali- fornia, 161-182 smithi, Isurus, 101 solare, Phrynosoma, 392, 406 Solen (Hypogella) diegoénsis, 10 episcopa, 393, 411, 412 occipitalis, 393, 411, 412 Sicarius, 98, 100, 166 stantoni, 10 species, 23, 27, 100, 101 Sonora semiannulata, 393, 411, 412 sonoriense, Kinosternon, 392, 396 Spatula clypeata, 68 Sphenomorphus boulengeri, 188, 189, 232 indicus, 230, 232, 234 indicus formosensis, 188, 231, 234 jagorii, 234 spinalis, Achalinus, 254 splendida, Lampropeltis, 393 Squatarola squatarola, 71 squatarola, Squatarola, 71 staleyi, Chione, 167 stanfordensis, Ficus, 166 stanleyi, Tapes, 27, 30 stansburiana, Uta, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 392, 400, 420 stantoni, Solen, 10 stejnegeri, Cnemidophorus, 150, 151 Takydromus, 188, 234, 248 stellata, Gavia, 58 Stercorarius longicaudus, 62 parasiticus, 61 pomarinus, 61 Vor. III.) Sterna antillarum, 64 elegans, 64 forsteri, 64 hirundo, 64 maxima, 63 paradisaea, 64 stokesii, Disteira, 46 stramineum, Dentalium, 8 subaspera, Babina, 197, 198, 199, 200 Rana, 196 subgriseus, Oligodon, 54 substriatum, Dentalium, 100 sueccincta, Chione, 168 Surcula, species, 25 Surf-bird, 71 suspectum, Heloderma, 393, 406 swinhoei, Calliophis, 188, 255 swinhonis, Gekko, 206, 207 Japalura, 208 mitsukurii, Japalura, 209 Sycotypus ocoyanus, 101 symmetrica, Uta, 153 Synthliboramphus antiquus, 59 taeniatum, Bascanion, 157, 393, 417 Takydromus dorsalis, 242, 252 formosanus, 234, 2438, 245 kuehnei, 50, 252 sauteri, 50, 251 septentrionalis, 50, 242, 243 smaragdinus, 247 stejnegeri, 188, 234, 243 Tamiosoma, 39 gregaria, 25, 26, 40, 167 Tantilla coronata, 425 eiseni, 424 nigriceps, 394, 428, 425 planiceps, 424 wilcoxi, 394, 424 Tapes, 30 stanleyi, 27, 30 species, 27 taphria, Leda, 166 Tattler, Wandering, 71 Tellina, 3, 4 congesta, 16, 166 horni, 15 idae, 166 longa, 10 ocoyana, 100, 101 species, 30, 100 Temblor Basin (The), 104 Temblor Group, 90, 106 temblorensis, Chione, 19, 23, 25, 26, 88, 98, 100, 167, 168 Venus (Chione), 100 templetoni, Oligodon, 54 tenuirostris, Puffinus, 66 Terebra cooperi, 100, 166 Terebratalia kennedyi, 165 occidentalis, 165 Terebratella, species, 30 INDEX 467 Terepene ornata, 392, 396 Tern, Arctic, 64 Black, 64 Common, 64 Elegant, 64 Forster's, 64 Least, 64 Royal, 63 Tevela inezana, 100 texana, Holbrookia, 392, 399 Thais kettlemanensis, 167 Thamnophis angustirostris, 393, 422 elegans, 158 eques, 393, 419 hammondii, 149, 150, 151, 152 marcianus, 154, 393, 420 megalops, 393, 421 parietalis, 150, 158 vagrans, 158, 393, 419 vagrans biscutata, 158 Thompson, Joseph ©.: Description of a New Genus and Species of Salamander from Japan, 183-186 Description of a New Species of Sea Snake from the Philippine Islands, with a Note on the Palatine Teeth in the Proteroglypha (with John Van Denburgh), 41-48 Thracia trapizoidea, 167 tigrinum, Ambystoma, 392 tigris, Cnemidophorus, 153, 157, 393, 409, 429 Crotalus, 394, 427 titan, Ostrea, 19, 23, 26, 35, 40, 167 transmontana, Pleurotoma, 101 trapizoidea, Thracia, 167 tricostata, Pyrula, 4 tridactyla, Rissa, 62 trilineata, Arca, 27, 30, 167 Trimorphodon lyrophanes, 393, 423 Tritonium californicum, 15 species, 10 Trochita costellata, 30, 165 filosa, 19, 100, 167 inornata, 167 species, 19 trochoidea, Heteroterma (17), 4 Trochosmilia, species, 15 troille, Uria, 61 Trophon carisaensis, 167 gabbianus, 166 kernensis, 19, 100 ponderosum, 25 ponderosus, 167 species, 23, 25, 26 truei, Ascaphus, 259 truncata, Nucula, 4 tuberculatus, Morio (Sconsia), 10 tumidus, Astrodapsis, 23, 26, 167 468 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Srp. tumulus, Isurus, 101 Turnstone, 71 Black, 72 Turritella, 10, 39 hoffmani, 108, 165 inezana, 165 sespeensis, 165 ocoyana, 18, 19, 77, 88, 98, 100, 101, 109, 166 pachecoénsis, 13 Turritella saffordi, 15 uvasana, 10, 15 vanvlecki, 167 variata, 166 species, 23, 25, 26 Uma notata, 152, 392, 399 Uria troille, 61 Urosyca candata, 4 uvasana, Meretrix, 10 Turritella, 10, 15 Uta graciosa, 392, 402 ornata, 392, 401 stansaburiana, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 392, 400, 429 symmetrica, 153 vagrans, Thamnophis, 158, 393, 419 biscutata, Thamnophis, 158 Van Denburgh, John: Concerning Certain Species of Reptiles and Amphibians from China, Japan, the Loo Choo Islands, and Formosa, 187-258 Description of a New Species of Sea Snake from the Philippine Islands, with a Note on the Palatine Teeth in the Proteroglypha (Jo- seph ©. Thompson, collabo- rator), 41-48 (A) List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Arizona, with Notes on the Species in the Collection of the Academy (Joseph R. Slevin, collaborator), 391-454 New and Previously Unre- corded Species of Reptiles and Amphibians from the Island of Formosa, 49-56 Notes on a Collection of Rep- tiles from Southern Oali- fornia and Arizona, 147-154 Notes on Ascaphus, the Dis- coglossoid Toad of North America, 259-264 Notes on Some Reptiles and Amphibians from Oregon, Idaho and Utah, 155-160 vandykei, Plethodon, 259 vanvlecki, Pecten, 165 Turritella, 167 vaqueroénse, Cardium, 99 **Vaqueros,’' 108 Vaqueros fauna, 164, 165, 177 vaquerosense, Cardium, 165 vaquerosensis, Purpura, 165 variata, Turritella, 166 variegatus, Coleonyx, 152, 392, 397 vaughani, Pecten, 165 veatchi, Ostrea, 167 veneriformis, Oardita, 15 ventralis, Callisaurus, 148, 152, 153, 392, 400 Venus pertenuis, 98, 100, 167 Venus (Chione) temblorensis, 100 Venus, species, 19, 101 Verticaria hyperythra beldingi, 150, 152 vespertina, Ostrea, 167 virgata, Aphriza, 71 virginianus, Rallus, 70 viridis, Polypedates, 200, 201 Polypedates schlegelii, 202 vociferus, Oxyechus, 71 Volutilithes, 39 species, 25 waandersii, Oligodon, 54 Water Birds of the Vicinity of Point Pinos, California. By Rollo Howard Beck, 57-72 Watts, W. L., 77, 86, 98 wattsi, Pecten, 30, 167 werneri, Achalinus, 188, 254 whitneyi, Astrodapsis, 26, 167 Dosinia, 98 wilcoxi, Tantilla, 394, 424 wilkesana, Hemifusus, 19 willardi, Crotalus, 394 Willet, 71 Williamson, Lieut. R. S., 76 wislizenii, Crotaphytus, 152, 158, 155, 392, 398 woodhousii, Bufo lentiginosus, 392, 394 Xema sabini, 68 Yoldia (rel. V. cooperi), 100 impressa, 4, 166 oregona, 166 Zirphea, species, 19 Zirphewa dentata, 23 Zirphea dentata, 167 Ale. NEAL) Akg ANAY. 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