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Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2009 with funding from
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http://www.archive.org/details/proceedingscalif07cali

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

FOURTH SERIES

Voi. VII
1917 5 50 TY
>:

PRINTED FROM THE
JOHN W. HENDRIE PUBLICATION ENDOWMENT

SAN FRANCISCO
PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY
1917

COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION
GEORGE C. EDWARDS, Chairman

C. E. GRUNSKY BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, |

&

CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII.

PLATES 1-38.
PAGE
Mritlestrerg crete ener eine bareettes tere et sterelses stoic vere ielerel Nes ohoilaytrele. sires cies wicieinia's i
(Qoynits aoe eG Anloho UG ED PO OO k RO RUG OC Oe MOM OTB ar iene tren azer ili
Archeological Notes on Western Washington and Adjacent British Co-
ALRITE EEN enh Tea Tee Sea eraiarne rab ayaialere: s S8 Sioa ea als « 1

By Albert B. Reagan.
(Published July 18, 1917)

Concerning the Origin of the Soft-shelled Turtle, Aspidonectes californi-
ATIAM NIV. ELSPA erent tote deters tche lances take, are sarstaslonstig woke rote, eiaisveispeceevslsres:s 33
By John Van Denburgh.
(Published July 23, 1917)

Notes on the Herpetology of Guam, Mariana Islands............... 37
By John Van Denburgh.
(Published July 23, 1917)

Stratigraphic and Faunal Relations of the Martinez to the Chico and
Pejon; of Southern e California ears sel velcleresstecelesclojein levers) sees Wy ete.) e 8s 41
By Clarence A. Waring.
(Published July 30, 1917)

The Fauna of a Medial Tertiary Formation and the Associated Horizons
Gle NortheastermmNlexl Cos yste res iccks eicter ste evoieiets acalererejorsuesetente aiseeress = 6 125
By Roy E. Dickerson and William S. W. Kew.
(Published July 30, 1917)

Climate and its Influence upon the Oligocene Faunas of the Pacific Coast,
with Descriptions of some new Species from the Molopophorus lin-
COMNLENSIS HE ZOTIS ee Trae vate deverel ese yah ea ostrae ine CorsverSyare ore 157

By Roy E. Dickerson.
(Published July 30, 1917)

Climatic Zones of Martinez Eocene Time...........06..ceccceceee 193
By Roy E. Dickerson,
(Published July 30, 1917)

Ancient Panamay Canalshrpraterornsroleieie oo sleis vas iesa ire olace oneieievaleiicietecauxsarein 197
By Roy E. Dickerson.
(Published July 30, 1917)

Geology of a Portion of the McKittrick District, a typical Example of the
West Side San Joaquin Valley Oil Fields, and a Correlation of the
Oil Sandsvofsthemwestrsidemlicldsiy. | Wish. tarts ete el alcuclcieiercie.cleie aus 207
By G. C. Gester.
(Published July 31, 1917)

Notes:on. Wests Americans @ hitons——U5 5.220 elec sie sie incense ie sleteisye ane) owicrave 229

By S. Stillman Berry.
(Published September 1, 1917)

Report upon a Collection of Hemiptera made by Walter M. Giffard in
191Gvand: 19178 chieflysiny Calitormiatrs tej. nies els crea adisje'se slew 249
By Edward P. Van Duzee.
(Published December 31, 1917)

Report of the President of the Academy for the Year 1917......... 319
By C. E. Grunsky.
(Published June 15, 1918)

Report of the Director of the Museum for the Year 1917........... 331
By Barton Warren Evermann.
(Published June 15, 1918)

DTN SKM ee Peeps eran cab eVeNC iat PRS PAE eres crea ce Relies vvallele Us eve iacens (silelaneicer Sue. eieleigie 365
Nov. 29, 1918

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FourTH SERIES

VoL. VII, No! 1, pp) 1-3! pls: 1-6. Jury 18, 1917

Tt

ARCHAZOLOGICAL NOTES ON WESTERN WASH-
INGTON AND ADJACENT BRITISH COLUMBIA*

By ALBERT B. REAGAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS : : ; 2
SOME REFERENCES RELATING TO THE ARCH 220LOGY OF WESTERN WASH-
INGTON AND BriTISH COLUMBIA 2
ARCH ZOLOGY OF THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA ; A ‘ , 3
General Remarks on the Peninsula . F : F : : : 5
The Quillayute region 6
Jackson Creek middens 8
List of fish, animal and plant remains found in he aiens

at LaPush % a : : : . : ‘ : 14
Quillayute Myths (foot ote) 4 : : 3 : é : 12
The Hoh region : t 4 : , j ; P : i 16
Ozette-Makah region ; : P . : . ; : ; 17
Flood myth (foot note) - ; . ; . A : 20
The Strait of Fuca and Sound region. 21

Myth about the great battle of Ghenialeaca (Port Townsend)

and the overthrow of the Quillayute-Chemakum power (a
foot note) . : : : 2 P 23
ARCH ZOLOGY OF THE LUMMI- Noumakcn! REGION. . : : . ; 24
ARCH ZOLOGICAL MATERIAL IN ADJACENT BRITISH TERRITORY . 28

ILLUSTRATIONS
A GRAVE aT LaPusH ‘ ; 3 (Plate 5)
A map oF LaPusHu INDIAN VILLAGE, RW deen ON . : ‘ : Zi
A MAP OF THE LUMMI INDIAN RESERVATION . 5 ‘ ; : 25
A MAP SHOWING LOCATIONS OF INDIAN VILLAGES AND MIDDENS IN
NORTHWESTERN WASHINGTON . : ! : : : , ; 22
A MIDDEN HEAP AT JACKSON CREEK ; ; : (Plate 6)
DRAWINGS OF MARINE SHELLS FROM LAPusH, bonacammeros
(Plates 1, 2, 3, and 4)

ne VILLAGE OF (Ozer : \ : (Plate 6)
JAMES ISLAND, JUST OFF SHORE FROM pEAPose y : (Plate 5)

* Printed from the John W. Hendrie Publication Endowment.
July 18, 1917

2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser.

INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The field work on which this paper is based was carried on
as time would permit while the writer had charge of the
Lummi Indians in 1905 and the Quillayute and Hoh Indians
in 1905 to 1909.

Western Washington and adjacent British territory, as
here considered, embrace the Olympic Peninsula, the shores
and islands of Puget Sound and Georgian Bay and that part
of British Columbia lying northward from the International
Boundary Line to the Fraser valley and delta. In general it is
a most difficult region in which to do research work of any
kind; for away from the trails and roads the fallen timber,
underbrush and ferns make the forest such a jungle in most
places.

For convenience, the archeology of the region will be con-
sidered under three general headings, viz.: The Archzology
of the Olympic Peninsula, The Archeology of the Lummi-
Nooksack country, and The Archzological material in ad-
jacent British territory.

In submitting this paper the writer wishes to thank Messrs.
Barton W. Evermann and E. W. Gifford of the California
Academy of Sciences, Harlen I. Smith of the Canadian Geo-
logical Survey, F. W, Hodge of the Bureau of American
Ethnology and Charles W. Smith, Assistant Librarian of the
University of Washington, for their kind aid in helping him
with the bibliography. The archzological references given
below were furnished by Mr. Charles W. Smith.

SOME REFERENCES RELATING TO THE ARCHAOLOGY OF
WESTERN WASHINGTON AND BRITISH COLUMBIA.

Bancrort, Hupert Howe. Native races of the Pacific States. v. 1-5. San
Francisco. History Co. 1886. (Index.)

Boas, Franz. Indianische Sagen von der Nord-Pacifischen Kiiste Ameri-
kas. Berlin. Asher. 1895.

Boas, Franz. The Kwakiutl of Vancouver Island. (Memoirs of the
American Museum of Natural History, v. 8, part 2, pp. 301-522. 1909.)

Coste.Lo, J. A. The Siwash, their life, legends, and tales. Seattle. Cal-
vert. 1895.

Curtis, Epwarp S. The North American Indian. Vol. 9 (1913), is devoted
to the Salishan tribes of the Northwest coast: Chemakum, Quillayute,
aliens vol. 10 (1915) is devoted entirely to the Kwakiutl of British

olumbia.

Vor. VII) REAGAN—ARCHZOLOGICAL NOTES 3

Erers, Myron. The thunder-bird. American Anthropologist for October,
1889, pp. 329-336.

Eres, Myron. The Twana, Chemakum, and Klallam Indians of Washing-
pe Territory. (Report of the Smithsonian Institution, 1887, pp. 605-

a)

Gress, Grorce. Tribes of Western Washington and Northwestern Oregon.
(Contributions to North American Ethnology, v. 1, pp. 157-241. Wash.
Gov't. 1877.)

Lewis, ALBert BuELt. Tribes of the Columbia Valley and the coast of
Washington and Oregon. (Memoirs of the American Anthropological
Association, v. 1, pp. 149-209. Lancaster, Pa. New Era Ptg. Co.
Sept., 1906.)

Nisitock. Coast Indians of Southern Alaska and Northern British Colum-
bia. (Report of U. S. Nat'l Museum, 1888, pp. 225-386.)

SmitH, Hartan. Archeology of Lytton, British Columbia. (Memoirs of
coun Museum of Natural History, vol. 2, pp. 161, May 25,
1899. )

SmitH, Harran. Archeology of the Gulf of Georgia and Puget Sound.
(Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 4, pp.
301-441, 1907.)

SmitH, Hartan. Archeology of the Thompson River region, British
Columbia. (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History,
vol. 2, pp. 401-454, 1900.)

SMITH, HarLan. Shell heaps of the lower Fraser River, British Columbia
(Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 4, pp
133-161, March, 1903.)

Sir, Haran. A vast neglected field for archeological research. (Wash-
ington Historical Quarterly, 1:131-135, April, 1907.)

SmirH, Harran and Fowxe, Grrarp. Cairns of British Columbia and
Washington. (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, vol. 4, pt. 2, pp. 55-75, January, 1901.)

Swan, James G. Indians of Cape Flattery. (Smithsonian Contributions to
Knowledge, No. 220. Washington Goy’t. 1870.)

Swan, JAMEs G. Northwest Coast. N. Y. Harper, 1857.

Terr, JAMES. The Lillooet Indians. (Memoirs of the American Museum
of Natural History, vol. 4, pp. 193-300, 1906.)

Tet, JAMES. The Shuswap. (Memoirs of the American Museum of Nat-
ural History, vol. 4, pp. 443-813, 1909.)

Te1t, JAMES. The Thompson Indians of British Columbia. (Memoirs of
the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 2, pt. 4, pp. 163-392,
April, 1900.)

WICKERSHAM, JAMES. Some relics of the Stone Age from Puget Sound.
(American Antiquarian, 22:141-149, May-June, 1900.)

ARCH Z0LOGY OF THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA
General Remarks.

As has been previously mentioned about the region in gen-
eral, the Olympic peninsula is a very difficult country in which
to do research work. There are but three wagon roads in the
entire area west of the Olympics. One of these roads, aggre-
gating some 50 miles in total length, connects Port Angeles
with Lake Crescent and Port Crescent and the latter again

4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

with Lake Crescent. The second road extends from East
Clallam, on the Strait of Juan de Fuca, west to LaPush, on
the Pacific front, a distance of about 50 miles. The third road
connects the above roads along the line of the Soleduck River.

Trails also extend from West Clallam to Ozette Lake
and the Dicky Lake country, and from the latter to Quil-
layute Prairie. Another trail connects Forks with the Hoh
country. A few short trails also branch off of the main trails
here and there. These afford all the means of gaining access
to the interior, except by canoe on the various streams.

This peninsula covers an area of about 8000 square miles,
or an area about the size of Connecticut, Rhode Island and
Delaware combined. It extends approximately 100 miles in
a north and south direction and 80 miles in an east and west
line. It is triangular in shape with its hypotenuse side facing
the Pacific. It is bounded on the north by the Strait of Juan
de Fuca, on the east by Puget Sound, on the south by Che-
halis River and Gray’s Harbor, and on the west by the
Pacific Ocean. Cape Flattery is at the northwest corner and
Port Townsend at the northeast, and the snow-capped Olym-
pics occupy the central area. The region consists generally
of a benched area along the coast from which the foothills
gradually ascend toward Mount Olympus, 8150 feet in height,
and watershed between the Strait of Fuca and the Pacific, a
high ridge which extends from the central mountain area to
Cape Flattery. Port Townsend, Port Angeles, Neah Bay,
and Cape Flattery on the strait, and Quillayute (LaPush)
and Gray’s Harbor on the Pacific, are its most commonly
heard of places.

The region was first discovered by the Spaniards. In 1775
Bruno Heceta, a Spanish captain, landed on the coast a little
south of the mouth of the Hoh River, planted the cross and
took formal possession of the country for Spain. Then at
the foot of the cross he had thus set up he buried a bottle
sealed with wax, in which was the written record of his work
and the statement that he took possession of the land for
Spain. While he was thus in the official act of taking pos-
session of the country, the Indians visited his ship, the
“Sonora,” under the lee of Destruction Island, in charge of
Heceta’s companion, Bodega Y Quadra. The Indians came

Vor. VII] REAGAN—ARCHAOLOGICAL NOTES 5

in their canoes, held up bits of copper and iron, and with
friendly signs sought to trade for more of the metals precious
to them. Believing that everything was well, Quadra sent
seven men ashore to trade with the Indians for wood and
water. No sooner had they landed than 300 Indians rushed
from ambush, killed the sailors, and tore the boat to pieces
for the metal fastenings. Quadra was furious and wished to
land 30 men to obtain revenge, but Heceta overruled him and
sailed away, naming the island “Isla de Dolores,” Isle of
Sorrows. Later, in July, 1787, Captain Barclay, an English
explorer, had a similar experience with these same Indians,
in which he lost six men.. He named the river of Hoh ‘“De-
struction River” as a result of this encounter, but late
geographers have restored the Indian name “Hoh” to the
river, but retain the name “Destruction” for the island that
Quadra named “Isla de Dolores.”

On August 1, 1790, Alferez Quimper, having been sent to
explore the Strait of Juan de Fuca by the Spanish Captain
Elisa, discovered Neah Bay and Bahada Point, two miles
farther east. The former he named Bahia de Nunez Gaona.
At about the same time the Spanish Captain Don Francisco
Elisa discovered Port Angeles. He had been tossed about
for many weary days by storms and furious waves when sud-
denly he came upon a long, snake-like spit extending far out
into the strait, curving so as to protect a large bay on its
western side. In this bay he took refuge; and in consequence
of the safe and perfect harbor thus formed, he named it Port
Angeles—‘‘The Port of the Angels.” In May, 1792, Lieut.
Salvador Fidalgo established a military post at Neah Bay,
with necessary buildings and_ fortifications, and remained
there until September. The bricks of the old fort—bricks
imported from Mexico on the ‘“‘Princessa,” can be found in the
earth banks there to-day. Here the Spaniards came in contact
with the British, under Vancouver. A conference was called,
and Quadra failed to agree with the latter. Then the two
commissioners agreed to send to their home governments for
further instructions, as a result of which the Spaniards were
compelled to abandon the country.

While Vancouver was maneuvering with Quadra for the
possession of the North Pacific, our own Captain Gray was

6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

making his famous trip up the coast, staying the winter of
1791-92 at the harbor that bears his name. As a result of
this trip, and that of Lewis and Clark to the Columbia
later, the country was jointly occupied by the British and the
United States till the treaty of 1846 gave the Oregon terri-
tory to the United States. And later, in 1855-'59, Governor
Stevens’s treaties settled the Indian troubles.

The explorers found a tribe of short, heavy set Indians
occupying the valley of each stream that flowed out into the
ocean or strait; the village of the tribe being at the mouth of
the respective stream. In addition, the Makahs occupied the
Cape Flattery section of the peninsula and the Chemakums
the Port Townsend division. These lived principally by
fishing, though they also hunted. They represented different
linguistic stocks and were continually at war with each other.
The wars were carried on principally for the purpose of cap-
turing slaves. Besides the slaves, who were almost always
cruelly treated, the people of each tribe were divided into
chieftain stock and the base people. The former owned the
land and received the greater part of the benefits of the hunt-
ing expeditions and of the fish and whale catches. In fact
the base people were considered only a little better than slaves.

The peninsula divides itself into several archzological
fields, namely: The Quillayute region, the Hoh region, the
Ozette-Makah region, and the Strait of Fuca and Sound
region. The archeology of each of these divisions will be
considered in the order given.

THE QUILLAYUTE REGION

The Quillayute region centers about the Indian village of
LaPush, Washington, at the mouth of Quillayute River on
the western coast of the Olympic peninsula some 36 miles
down the coast from Cape Flattery at the entrance of the
Strait of Juan de Fuca. It includes the territory drained by
Quillayute River and its tributaries and also extends up and
down the coast for several miles on each side of the Indian
village. The archeological remains found in this region
are middens, burial mounds, a cave-burial place near James
Island, and over-mounds.

Vor. VII] REAGAN—ARCHZ OLOGICAL NOTES 7

ca OCEAN

"> GRAVEYARD” NEW MOUTH OF RIVER

OLO MOUTH OF QUILLAYUTE RIVER

LaPush and vicinity, Washington

& CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

The middens are of three classes, based upon age: ancient,
old, and recent.

The recent middens were made since the Astoria~-Hudson
Bay fur trading began, as is attested by the Hudson Bay
Company’s beads being intermingled with the middens. These
middens were observed on James Island (the ancient home of
the Quillayute Indians just off the shore from the present
village), on both the Lagoon and Pacific water fronts at
LaPush, and on and flanking Pacific Street ridge in the vil-
lage itself. In all, they veneer an area of about 20 acres,
some places detected only by the scattered “blue beads”. The
middens themselves are like those which will be described
later, except they are less thick and are practically unde-
cayed.

The middens here designated “old”, underlie the recent at
LaPush and on James Island; scattered patches also occur at
several other places. Their greatest thickness, however, is to
be found on James Island, where the Quillayutes were mak-
ing their last stand against the Makahs to the northwest
when the white man came on the scene. But how much of
the middens on this island are “old”, how much recent, and
how much ancient, can not now be determined. The area
which they cover has been used as a garden for many years;
and, consequently, they have been much disturbed. Their
original thickness of five to 15 feet, however, indicates that
they were many years in accumulating. The midden material
is here much decayed, but to a less degree than that of the
next series described below.

The ancient middens underlie and are found to be inter-
mixed with the more recent middens on James Island. They
are also found on the Pacific water-front, also flanking and
capping Pacific Street ridge at LaPush. A large patch of
them also occurs near Jackson Creek about six miles south of
the present village, and another, beyond the “point” on the
coast about two miles northwest of the mouth of Quillayute
River. Combined, they cover many acres in extent, but their
original areas can not now be determined. The encroaching
ocean has now removed practically the whole area on the
Pacific front at LaPush; it removed a space along the whole
village front 200 feet wide from 1904 to 1907. It has re-

Vor. VII] REAGAN—ARCHAZOLOGICAL NOTES 9

duced the Jackson Creek area to a small wedge-shaped piece
of land, and each high tide carries more of it away. The
area above the ‘‘Point’’ also breasts each high tide. Further-
more, Quillayute River in the ages gone by has removed
the northwest end of Pacific Street ridge and since 1912 has
returned in its course and is again undermining the north
end of this ridge. These facts, together with the fact that
the coast in this region is sinking, show conclusively that
these midden-areas were much larger originally than now.
Middens of this age are also found far inland, at Beaver
Prairie, Forks Prairie, Quillayute Prairie, and at various
camping places along the Quillayute River and its tributaries ;
more recent middens are also found at each of these places.

These ancient middens, as of the other classes previously
mentioned, are composed of decaying remains of marine
shells, intermingled with enormous quantities of ashes, cal-
cined and fractured rocks and other refuse material, all
showing evidence of extreme age. Their age is further at-
tested by the fact that huge trees, hundreds of years old, are
growing on them.

A list of the marine and other species found in these mid-
dens, together with drawings of similar sea species are to be
found at the close of this section.

The relics found in the middens are few in number, and
but few of them are of stone. In the valley of the Quillayute
River and southward along the coast for many miles, there
are no hard slates, schists, or volcanic rock of any sort; and
only to the northward in the Makah lands are there even
granite boulders in any great number. Consequently, the
Quillayutes had no material of which to make stone imple-
ments, except the agates of the beach. These they made into
arrow heads but in no great numbers. Arrowheads when
found, have usually been of the rough paleolithic type. The
finding of implements of jade-like rock and basaltic glass or
thin slate is indicative of an attack made on the village by the
tribes to the north, where these rocks are plentiful. The
people of those old times had no earthen pottery; basketry
was used plentifully, and cups, dishes, spoons, and plates were
made of wood. Fish knives were usually made of clam or
mussel shells; the adzes, axes, skinning knives, scrapers, and

10 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH SER.

chisels were made of elk horn. Few relics are found in these
ancient middens for the reason that the wood, shells, and
bones used in making implements and utensils were so perish-
able. Those found are mostly barbed and grooved bone spear
and arrow points, bone skinning knives and scrapers, whale
rib daggers, bone needles, and mussel shell knives.

The burial mounds, so far as the writer has been able to
locate them, are few in number. In the old days and until
quite recently, the Quillayutes “buried” their dead mostly in
canoes suspended among the leafy branches of the alder trees
that border the various streams. They also cremated the
dead. Furthermore the encroaching sea might possibly have
obliterated some ancient graveyard, as it is washing away the
graveyard of last century there now. Consequently, the few-
ness of the burial mounds.

The mounds are composed of clay, rock, clay and sand
mixed, or of boulders only. The mounds of each type are
usually several feet in height and many feet in diameter.
Some of them approach an ellipse in shape; others, the form
of a parallelogram. The material of each mound seems to
have been heaped up over the corpse, which seems to have
been laid on the top of the ground. The boulder heaps often
contain fragments of cedar which would make one think that
a crib of cedar might have been made over the corpse and
then over this the boulders were piled, in the same manner
that the Apaches of Fort Apache, Arizona, bury their dead
on the east bank of White River to-day. Ashes in some of
them seem to be against this theory, unless the body was
cremated before the covering-over was done. Some of the
other mounds have only ashes in them, which seems to indi-
cate that the body was cremated before interment. The re-
maining mounds have almost wholly decomposed bones, often
only traces of bones, in them. Some of the mounds also have
a layer of ashes a foot or so above the corpse. This would
seem to indicate that the belongings of the deceased were
burned on the grave after the corpse had been covered over
with a layer of earth.

In all the various classes of mounds examined, no relics
have been found. It therefore seems that they were made by

Vou. VII) REAGAN—ARCH#OLOGICAL NOTES 11

the same race of people that now occupy the region. On ac-
count of a lack of data, however, this is inconclusive.

Many “oven-mounds” are found. In outward appearance
they resemble the burial mounds above described. Within,
however, are the charred remains of fruits or sea species that
have been over-baked. That these are oven mounds, there is
no doubt, as the Quillayutes bake clams, wild fruits, and “‘la
camas” (Kammas, Scilla fraseri) in the same sort of oven to
this day. A pit is dug in which a fire is built. On the fuel
cobbles are piled, which, when heated to a red heat, are
covered over with wet leaves, brush, or grass. On this the
fruit or sea species are piled and over all wet grass is spread
to a thickness of, say, seven inches. Then over all clay,
earth or sand is heaped. Just before completing the covering
over with the earth, a quantity of water is poured on the
cooking product and then when the covering is completed a
small hole is left through the dirt layer for the escape of
steam. The cooking process is then let have its course for
about 24 hours, when all is removed, or a hole dug through
the top of it, and the cooked product removed. The earth-
mound is left and the shifting sand fills up the hole from
which the baked articles have been taken. The mound is then
complete.

The cave-burial place is in a niche on the east side of a
little islet a few hundred feet north of James Island. In the
long ago this cave was more extensive than now; the en-
croaching sea will soon obliterate it entirely. How large it
was originally, of course, can not now be determined. In it,
under and intermingled with several feet of loose rock and
boulders, were the bones of the dead, which were now and
then uncovered by the pounding waves. For many years
every white man who has come along has carried away some
of the bones. Whether any of them have been placed in some
museum is unknown to the writer. It is not likely that any
of the bones are now left, as the waves have been sweeping
the entire cave at high tide since 1908. Besides the bones,
this cave has yielded some stone implements: a stone adz,
several arrow points and a stone pipe were dug out of the
debris in 1907. The writer was told that it yielded a con-
siderable quantity of these implements in the last 35 years.

12 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

On inquiring of the Indians about this cave, the old
people say that it was in it that their people threw their
enemies killed in making attacks upon James Island. More-
over, Doctor Klekabuck told the writer that it was in this cave
that he and the other Quillayutes threw the Makahs, slain in
an attack upon James Island some time in about the sixties of
last century. That this cave was the burial place of slaugh-
tered enemies there seems to be no doubt. The stone imple-
ments found are made from stone that is not found in the
region and must have been brought there in implement form
by the person with whom it was interred. Furthermore, one
would conclude that the boulders and cobbles were hurled on
the dead by the spiteful Quillayutes on their coming and
going past the cave-entrance in the days following the un-
successful raids.

As a concluding remark on the archzology of this section,
it seems, from the evidence at hand, that the archeological
remains were made by the same race that now occupies the
region. This opinion is also strengthened by the fact that the
Quillayutes have no tradition of having migrated from any
other place. They firmly assert that they have always lived
there. But the finding of complete skulls in the ancient mid-
dens and burial mounds would be conclusive.’

1Below are some Quillayute myths that might be of interest to the readers.

A Thunder-Bird Myth.

The Indians believe that in time of stormy weather a bird of monstrous size soars
through the heavens and by the opening and shutting of his eyes it produces the
lightning and by the flapping of its wings it produces the thunder and the mighty
winds. This bird, they say, has its nest in a dark hole under the glacier at the foot
of the Olympic glacial field and that its moving about in its home there produces
the ‘‘thunder-noise’’ there.

Myth Concerning the Origin of Crescent Lake.

The Quillayute myth about the origin of Crescent Lake is as follows: ‘‘Once,
in the valley which the lake now occupies, our people and the Clallams were having a
big battle. For two days the people killed each other. Then Mount Stormking_be-
came enraged. You know the mountain that overlooks the north end of the lake
from the east. Well, Mount Stormking got angry (all things on earth were living
beings then) and he took a great piece of rock from his crest and hurled it down into
the valley, killing all who were fighting and at the same time damming the stream
with the great rock, so that it has been as it is now ever since, and no Indian has
gone near the place since that day.’’ (This myth causes the question to arise: as
there been volcanic activity in the region since the Indian occupation? Undoubtedly
it was a volcanic region in Eocene times, but as yet evidence of later volcanic activity
is wanting.)

The Thunder-Bird and the Myth About the Origin of Beaver Prairie, Clallam County,
Washington. (Police Hobucket).

“The thunder-bird lives in the heavens. He produces the lightning by his rapid
flight through the air, the ‘big noise’ by the flapping of his wings. He feeds on tha
whale. Once he got a big whale in his talons and carried him to Beaver Prairie and
ate him there. The whale fought terribly hard before he was killed. So terrible was
the fight that in the struggle the combatants killed all the timber in the vicinity and
pale up the trees by the roots. And no trees have ever grown on the site to this

ER Bee

Vor. VII) REAGAN—ARCHZOLOGICAL NOTES 1S)

The Thunder-Bird, the Unsuccessful Battle with the Mimlos-Whale, and the Origin of
the Prairies of the Olympic Peninsula. (Police Luke Hobucket).

“At the time of the great flood, the thunder-bird, the representative of good,
fought the Minlos-whale, the representative of evil. The great battle lasted a long
time. For a long time the battle seemed undecided. The powerful bird could not
whip the beast in the water. Time and again it seized tt in its talons and tried to fly
with it to its nest in the mountains; but the powerful ocean monster would get away
from it. Each time that it seized it there was a terrible battle, and the ‘big noise’
caused by the bird’s flapping its wings (the thunder) shook the very mountains. The
places where these fights occurred were stripped of their timber, the trees being torn
out by their roots. A curse was brought upon them, and to this day no trees grow
upon them. They are the prairies of the country. At last the whale escaped to the
deep ocean, and the thunder-bird gave up the fight. That is why the Mimlos-whale
or killer-whale still lives in the ocean to-day.”

The Thunder-Bird and the Origin of the Glacial-Boulder-Train Across Beaver Prairie.
(Police Luke Hobucket).

“A man was living at Wo-lot (Beaver Prairie). He was an elk hunter. He went
off hunting very early one morning, but soon came back, saying that he had seen a
very big bird sitting in a tree just a little way above the ground. The bird was the
thunder-bird. The man took one feather from thunderer’s wing. It was just as long
as a canoe paddle. He bent the feather and put it in his quiver and brought it home
with him. After he had shown the feather to the people, he said: ‘I also saw a
very, very big whale on the prairie. It had been carried there by the bird. The bird
was resting because it had such a big load.’

“The man sent word to all the Quillayute people at the mouth of the river to
come up and cut up the whale, because it was so large that the bird could not
carry it further. All the beach and river Indians, three to six in each whaling canoe,
came at once to the prairie to cut up the whale. On reaching there they found the
huge whale lying dead in the lower part of the prairie, as had been reported. They
immediately commenced measuring off the parts they wanted; one family took the
saddle, another the head, and so on. By evening they had it all cut up. They piled
up the block-like sections of blubber all over the ground. Night came on; and the
clouds overhead became black. The thunder-bird had been robbed of his prey and
now he was returning with vengeance in his wings. It commenced to lightning and
shower a little, not so much at first. Then it hailed large hail, hail larger than your
fist. The hail killed and mangled all the people on the prairie. The Indians had
cooked and eaten whale meat that evening; and it was all right, it was good to
eat. But after the storm both meat and blubber were turned to stone, as were
the people also. And to-day, in great blocks of rocks, they form the ridge from
one end of the prairie to the other. One may even see the ribs of the whale’s
carcass and its massive head.”

An Indian Myth of How the Headlands and Promontories of the Washington Coast
Were Formed. (Elon Mason).

“It was long ago, when people were animals and animals were people. Kwatte
was then still living on earth. He had his house on the beach near here; but he
got hardly anything to eat, for the wolves of the region prowled the coast, caught
the salmon, ate all the berries, and devoured all the animals of the woods, and gulped
down all the fish eggs that floated ashore. What was Kwatte to do? One day the
chief of the wolves came along up the coast. He came to Kwatte’s house. Kwatte
pretended to be sick. The wolf came in. He made himself at home. Kwatte let him
stay. That night he made his bed at Kwatte’s house beside Kwatte’s fire. Soon he
was sound asleep. When he had been asleep for a considerable time he began to snore.
He snored loud. This was Kwatte’s opportunity. He would now get even with the
wolves; and would also have some meat to eat. He got his knife, looked at it to see if
it was good and sharp, then, finding it in good shape, he went to the mat on which
the wolf was sleeping and severed his head with one blow. He then skinned the car-
cass and hung the skin up above the fireplace in his house to dry. Then he stored the
meat safely under his bed. Then he went to sleep.

“The next morning, bright and early, a wolf came tracking his chief up the beach.
He tracked him to Kwatte’s house. He entered the house. Said he to Kwatte, ‘Did
you see Chief Wolf?’ Kwatte answered, ‘No; I am sick; I have not been out of my
house; I have not seen him.’ ‘But he came into your house. We tracked him here,”
exclaimed the wolf. While wolf and Kwatte were talking, the wolf’s slave, the blue
jay, had gone over to Kwatte’s fire to warm himself. As he was spreading his hands
out before the fire, a drop of something fell on the upper surface of one of his
hands. At once he perceived that it was a kind of oil. He smelled it. At once he
recognized it to have the same smell as the smell of his master. He said nothing, but
went out of the room. The oil had dropped from the skin that was drying. As soon
as he was out in the yard the blue jay told all the wolves what he had discovered;
many wolves had now followed the track to Kwatte’s house. The blue jay was cry-
ing, mourning the death of his master. The wolves all rushed into the house. Kwatte
had anticipated trouble and had hung a basket of combs near the door. As the wolves
entered, he made a quick move, seized the basket of combs, and before the wolves
could lay hands on him he sallied forth out the door past them and into the woods
near by and then down the beach. The whole pack of wolves now followed him in hot
pursuit. Time and again they nearly overtook him. But as they were just in the act
of seizing him he would take a comb out of the basket and drop it down on the beach

14 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4rH Ser.

in front of them, edge up, thus forming a point of land projecting from the main-
land across the beach into the surging waves. The wolves, of course, were compelled
to climb over the promontories thus formed. Many of them they climbed over; but
finally gave up the chase. But Kwatte kept on running till he had stood up all his
combs on the beach. These combs are the headlands and promontories of the re-
gion now.

“A long time afterwards he came back, dressed in the dry wolf hide, and went to
the house of the wolves and danced and sang before them, thus clad. And they dared
not touch him, because of the wolf-skin dress he wore.”

List of fish, animal and plant remains found in the middens
at LaPush, Washington, and vicinity with drawings of simi-
lar living sea-shell species of the same locality, given on
plates numbered 1-4, as indicated. (The drawings were
made for the writer by Frank Fremont Bennet and Gordon
Benjamin Hobucket, Indian pupils of the Quillayute Day
School, LaPush, Washington. )

1. Echinarachinus excentricus. Sea Biscuit. Plate 4, fig. 15.

2.. Strongylocentrotus drobachensis. Sea Egg; Sea
Urchin. Plate 4, fig. 93.

3. Terebratella transversa Sowerby. Plate 4, figs. 19a
and 19b.

4. Panope generosa (Gould). Plate 2, fig. 87.

5. Pecten hericeus Gould. Plate 3, fig. 80.

6. Hinnites giganteus Gray. Plate 2, figs. 59a, b, c.

7. Placunanomia macroschisma Deshayes. Plate 3, fig. 73.

8. Mytilus californicus Conrad. Plate 1, figs. 13a, b.

9. Pholadidea ovoidea Gould. Plate 1, figs. 5a, b.

10. Astarte compacta. Plate 3, fig. 79.

11. Cardium nuttallii Mart. Plate 2, fig. 34.

12. Cardium, species.

13. Paphia staminea (Conrad). Plate 1, figs. 8a, b.

14. Tellina bodegensis Hinds. Plate 3, fig. GX.

15. Macoma inquinata Deshayes. Common Clam. Plate
1, figs. 24a, b.

16. Macoma nasuta Conrad. Plate 3, fig. 81.

Macoma, species. Plate 3, fig. 77.

18. Siliqua patula Dixon. Razor Clam. Plate 4, fig. 91.

19. Schizotherus nuttallii Conrad. Horse Clam. Plate
2, RS:

20. Cryptochiton stelleri Middleton. Giant Chiton. Plate
3, figs 74.

21. Acmea pelta Eschscholtz. Plate 1, fig. 28.

22. Glyphis aspera Eschscholtz. Plate 1, fig. 6.

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Vo. VII) REAGAN—-ARCHHZOLOGICAL NOTES 15

23. Calliostoma costatum Martyn. Plate 3, fig. 76.

24. Margarita pupilla Gould. Plate 2, fig. 40.

25. Tegula funebrale (A. Adams). Plate 1, fig. 25.

26. Littorina fossata Gould. Plate 3, fig. 89.

27. Littorina scutulata Gould. Plate 3, fig. 84.

28. Littorina sitkana Phillips. Plate 3, fig. 83.

29. Scalaria indianorum Carpenter. Plate 2, fig. 69.

30. Scalaria, species. Plate 2, fig. 37.

31. Parapholus californicus Conrad. Plate 4, fig. 92.

32. Hipponyx, species. Plate 1, fig. 3.

33. Crepidula adunca Sowerby. Plate 4, fig. 14.

34. Crepidula adunca Sowerby. Plate 3, fig. 82.

35. Polynices lewisit (Gould). Plate 2, fig. 86.

36. Puncturella cuculata Gould. Plate 3, fig. 78.

37. Nassa mendica Gould. Plate 2, fig. 41.

38. Euthria dira Reeve. Plate 3, fig. 9.

39. Murex foliatum Gmelin. Plate 1, fig. 63.

40. Ocinebra lurida Middleton. Plate 4, fig. 16.

41. Acila lyalli.

42. Thats lapillus (Linneus). Plate 2, fig. 71.

43. Thais crispata (Chemnitz). Plate 1, fig. F9; plate 4,
figs. 10 and 90.

44. Thais saxicola (Valenciennes).

45. Thais saxicola, var.

46. Amphissa corrugata Reeve. Plate 1, fig. 58.

47. Olivella biplicata Sowerby. Plate 1, fig. 27.

48. Saxidomus squalidus. Plate 3, fig. FDX.

49. Amycla gausapata Gould. Plate 2, fig. 43.

50. Yoldia limitula Say. Plate 3, fig. 72.

51. Tube of worm. Plate 4, fig. 18.

In addition to the above list, the following are also to be
found in the middens:

Bones of hair seal (Phoca vitulina), fur seal, sea otter,
porpoise, sea lion, and bones of the following species of
whale: sperm whale, black fish, fin-back, sulphur bottom,
California gray, and killer whale; also bones of the follow-
ing fishes: Halibut, bastard cod, codfish, squid?, (Octopus
tuberculatus) ?, skates, dogfish (Acanthias suckleyi), sharks,

16 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

trout (Salmo, species), Anarrhichthys, species, spring salmon
(Oncorhynchus tschawytscha), sockeye salmon (O. nerka),
silver salmon (O. kisutch), dog salmon (O. keta), humpback
salmon (O. gorbuscha), and steelhead trout (Salmo gaird-
nert).

Bones of animals identified: Elk, big horn, mountain
goat,” black bear, Putorius, species?, black-tailed deer, wild
cat, beaver, raccoon and otter.

Plant remains found in the middens (found in fragments
only): Gigantic kelp (Fucus gigantea), salmon berry
(Rubus spectabilis Pursh), raspberry (Rubus leucodermis
Dougl.) ?, Vaccinum, species, Kammas (Scilla fraser), Acer
circinatum (half charred), Sambucus racemosa Linn., red
cedar—wood fragments (Thuja plicata), salal (Gaultheria
shallon Gr.), equisitum tubers (found only in very thinly
pressed-out fragments), fern roots, roots of several kinds of
sea-weeds, roots of the eel-grass, thumb berry (Rubus odor-
atus), elder Arctostophylus uva-ursi.

The principal remains of birds found were those of ducks
and geese, that is, of the edible water fowl] in general.

THe How ReEcIon.

The Hoh Indian village is situated at the mouth of the
Hoh River, 14 miles down the coast southeast of LaPush
(Washington). It is now occupied by only a few Indians,
but in the long ago it was one of the most populous villages
on the coast. Furthermore, since discovered, it has had a
checkered career.

The site of the Hoh village is an ancient midden heap.
Other midden heaps are to be found at all convenient land-
ing places along the coast for many miles. An ancient
midden heap is also to be found on the Hoh River some 16
miles inland at a place called the “bench,” on a benched area
where the Olympic glacier made a stand on its retreat up the
mountains from the coast. That some of these midden piles
are very ancient is evidenced by the fact that huge forests
are growing over them. At Hoh a giant cedar of the age of

?The latter two are found usually only in the ladle form of the horns.

Vor. VII) REAGAN—ARCHZOLOGICAL NOTES 17

not less than 1,000 years stands atop one of the principal
midden ridges.

These middens are similar to those described at LaPush
and contain similar material. It is also the writer’s opin-
ion that they were made by the ancestors of the people
who now occupy the region, the Hohs and their kin-folk, the
Quillayutes.

THe OzetTtE-MAaKAH REGION.

The Makah (Klas-set or Kwe-net-sat’h) Indians, a
branch of the Nootka family, occupy the Cape Flattery
region. When first visited by white men, they claimed all
the country from Flattery Rocks and the Ozette Indian vil-
lage on the Pacific front around Cape Flattery and Tatoosh
Island to the mouth of the Hoko River on the Strait of Juan
de Fuca, the distance down the coast each way from the cape
being about 18 miles. By the Makah treaty of 1855, known
as the Treaty of Neah Bay, which was effected by Governor
Isaac I. Stevens, Superintendent of Indian Affairs and Gov-
ernor of Washington Territory, this territory was reduced
to a distance about six miles down the coast on each side
of the cape. Tatoosh Island was also thrown out of the
Indian lands. The portion reserved includes a low flat area
and meadow land partly covered with a dense forest and
partly open marsh at the south extending from Neah Bay
to the Pacific, a distance of about four miles. This low
area is bordered by abrupt and almost precipitous hills on
each side throughout its entire length. It is conclusively
evident that at a not remote period the waters of the Pacific
joined those of Neah Bay, leaving that portion of the cape
north of the marsh-area an island. This conclusion is sup-
ported by the tradition of the Indians that the ocean once
flowed through this low area between the Strait of Fuca and
the ocean. Even now, the waters of Waatch River at every
high tide, flow within a few rods of the waters of Neah
Bay. The whole region is of mountainous character and is
the termination of the Olympic Range. It is covered with an
almost impenetrable forest, which is composed of spruce and
hemlock and a dense undergrowth of rose bushes, wild cur-

18 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser,

rants, raspberry, salmon berry, thimble berry, salal, elder,
alder, and crabapple. The only open spots are at Flattery
rocks, along the Waatch River and at Tsuess on the Pacific
south of the mouth of the Waatch and the cleared area at
the Indian village of Neah Bay on the Strait of Fuca.

In the region originally claimed by the Makahs the ocean
is shut out in most places by a high precipitous rock wall.
At a few places, however, the sea meets a friendly beach. On
these beaches and in the open spots above mentioned, the
aborigines had their homes. In fact, every available land-
ing and open space has had its little settlement at some time
or other, and to-day each has its midden remains, oven
mounds, and burial piles. The most extensive remains are
at the Indian village of Neah Bay, at Ozette, at the mouth
af Ozette River, two miles further north up the coast, in the
Tsuess region, at Waatch, near the mouth of the river of the
same name, at ‘““Warm House,” on Tatoosh Island, at Baada
Point, and Neah.

The archeological remains indicate four stages, which the
writer will designate as recent, old, very old, and ancient.
They also seem to show that the region has been occupied
by at least three different peoples.

The Recent. The middens of this age date from the com-
ing of the white man and show his implements and Hudson
Bay beads intermingled with the ocean shells and Indian
curios. They continue in age to the present time. The
largest midden heaps of this age are at Neah Bay proper.
In the main they compose a shell ridge which runs in a semi-
circle through the present village. It is of considerable
width and I should judge that it is three feet in thickness.
Its principal constituents are sea shells; a few of the Pacific
oysters are found in these remains.

The Old remains are scattered throughout the region and
often underlay the recent, to which they are very similar.
They differ, however, in a lack of white man’s things and in
a greater abundance of Pacific oyster shells. These remains,
as with the recent, contain many stone implements, such as
hammers, chisels, knives, daggers, etc. They also contain
stone effigies, totems and other household ornaments and
curios, all distinctly Makah in make. This seems to show

Vor. VII) REAGAN—ARCHOLOGICAL NOTES 19

that the region was occupied by the Makahs while these
middens were being formed. The middens are often quite
thick and indicate a considerable age in accumulating.

The burial mounds and oven mounds of this period are
similar in appearance to those described at LaPush. The
effects interred in the former or occasionally lost when
making the latter, show the Makah design.

It might be well here to add a note on the burial customs
of the Makahs when first discovered.

When first visited by white men, when a Makah died his
body was immediately rolled up in his wearing apparel and
best robes and firmly bound with cords, then doubled up in
the smallest possible compass, a hole was then dug near the
house of the deceased, with sticks and shells, deep enough
to admit the body, leaving the top level with the surface;
sometimes for distinguished personages, such as chiefs and
persons of chieftain stock, the corpse was encased in a frame
of boards—puncheon slabs—and covered over with the same
material. A portion of the property of the deceased was
then placed on the corpse or on top of the burial case, in case
one was used. A _ puncheon-board stockade-like enclosure
was then usually placed around the grave, so as completely
to enclose it, the ends of the perpendicularly set puncheon
planks rising above the ground about four feet. A little
earth was then thrown on top of the grave and the whole
space in the enclosure filled up with stones. This was the
general mode of burial, though the corpses of slaves and of
the very old were disposed of with as little trouble as pos-
sible.

There are also stockade-enclosure mounds of this period.
These are banks on which the stockades were erected, or
they are the refuse piles which collected just outside the
stockade fence, the latter likely being the most plausible
origin of this class of ridge mounds.

The Very Old archeological remains underlie the pre-
viously described remains and are distinguishable from them
by the lack of stone implements, effigies, totems and other
stone curios. They resemble the older remains at LaPush
and were likely made by the Quillayutes at the time when
they occupied the whole of the Olympic peninsula west and

20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

north of the mountains. These remains, which are mostly
middens, show no intermixture with the Indians to the
north who used stone implements and who made their house-
hold gods, effigies, and totems out of stone. The Quilla-
yutes were not a stone-implement making people; hence the
conclusion that they made the very old midden remains in
this section.*

The Ancient archeological remains are middens, burial
mounds, and oven mounds very similar to those above de-
scribed. They differ, however, from the last in that stone
implements are plentiful. These seem to indicate an inva-
sion of the region from the north, the invaders being later
driven out by the Quillayutes; or probably they were the
first people in the region and they were dispossessed by the
latter:

®The Quillayutes have a tradition that they once lorded it over the whole peninsula
from Port Townsend on the Strait of Fuca to Hoh on the Pacific coast. Moreover,
both the Makahs and the Quillayutes each have a tradition that they originated where
they are now; that is, the Makahs were created at the cape and the Quillayutes at
LaPush. The legend concerning their creation is that, first, animals were produced,
and from the union of some of these with a star which fell from heaven came the
first men, and from them sprang all the race of Makahs, Cloquets and Nittinats of the
Makah group, and the Quillayutes, Hohs and Chemakums of the Quillayute family
The tradition, which is common both at Quillayute and Neah Bay, also goes on to
say that Indians were created on Vancouver Island also at the same time. It is a
curious thing about this myth that both the Makahs and Quillayutes tell it, yet neither
includes the other in it.

Another tradition which is common to the two tribes and which accounts for the
scattering of each tribe from its parent home, as the tradition goes, is the flood myth.

This myth, according to the Quillayutes, is that a long time ago the great thunder-
bird became enraged and caused the waters of the great deep to rise and cover even
the very tops of the mountains with water. When the sea began to rise the Quillayutes
took to their boats. The sea was four days in rising and four in receding. The people
in their boats sailed as the wind and water currents took them, as there was neither
sun nor land to guide them. When the waters receded, they were much scattered.
One segregation found themselves at Hoh, another at Chemakum (Port Townsend),
and a third succeeded in returning to their own home.

Concerning the same myth the Makahs say: A long time ago the water of the
Pacific flowed through what is now the swamp and prairie between Waatch village and
Neah Bay, making an island of Cape Flattery. The water suddenly receded, leaving
Neah Bay perfectly dry. For four days the water ebbed out. Then, without any
waves or breakers, it rose till it had submerged the whole country, excepting the tops
of the mountains at Cloquet. The water was warm as it came up to the houses. As
it rose the Indians took to their canoes and floated off with the current, which set
very strongly to the north, but as there were no landmarks and as the sky was con-
tinually clouded, some drifted one way and some another. When the waters subsided
to their accustomed level, some of the Makahs found themselves at Nootka, where
their descendants now reside. Some found homes at other places to the north. Many
canoes came down in trees and were destroyed and numerous lives were lost. The
waters were four days regaining their accustomed level.

The Waatch prairie shows conclusively that the water of the Pacific once flowed
through it; and on cutting through the turf at any place between Neah Bay and Waatch
the whole stratum is found to be fine beach sand, intermingled with ocean shells, some-
times collected in piles and ridges as if they had been ancient midden heaps. In some
places the turf is not more than a foot thick; at others, the alluvial deposit is two or
three feet. As this portion of the country shows conclusive evidence of volcanic
action and earthquake disturbances on a gigantic scale, there is every reason to believe
that there was a gradual depression and subsequent upheaval of the earth’s crust,
which made the waters rise and recede, as the Indians allege.

Vor. VII] REAGAN—ARCHZOLOGICAL NOTES 21

THE STRAIT OF FUCA AND SOUND REGION.

When the Strait of Fuca was first visited by white men,
the Clallams occupied its south shore from Port Discovery
to the mouth of the Hoko River just south and east of Neah
Bay. Their villages occupied all of the good landing places
throughout the entire region. These were named in the
Point No Point treaty of January 26, 1855, as follows: Kah-
tai, Squah-qaihtl, Tch-queen, Ste-tehtlum, Tsohku, Yennis,
Elh-wa, Pishtst, Hunnit, Klat-la-wash and Oke-ho. Also in
talking of their villages to the writer the Clallam head men
named them at the time of the discovery without any ref-
erence to any written record and also located each as fol-
lows: Skwa-quelth, on Discovery bay; Suche-queen, now
called Squim; T’Stal-lum, home of the chief Chits-mah-han
or the Duke of York, on the shore between Squim and Dun-
geness; T’Say-is-cot, at the present Dungeness; Ee-ins, just
east of Port Angeles; Cha-wheets-un, at Port Angeles; Port
Crescent; Elk-wha, at the mouth of the Elwha River near
Port Angeles; Pysht, at a town still bearing that name;
Ka-need, Clallam Bay; Kla-kla-wise, between Clallam Bay
and Hoko River; Hoko, at the mouth of that river.

Also, when first visited, the Chemakum tribe held the
country about Port Townsend and the Skokomish, Twana
and other tribes occupied villages in the “sound” region
and about the head of Hood’s Canal.

The above building sites and similar landing places on the
adjacent islands have been the homes of the kaleidoscopic
moving aborigines for many generations. They seem to
have been the battle ground of races. The midden heaps
and other archeological remains also show that several dif-
ferent peoples have occupied each place in the revolving years.
These archeological remains correspond somewhat to those
described in the Ozette-Neah Bay region. Also the middens
which correspond to the Very Old middens of that section
seem to be very similar and further indicate that the Quilla-
yutes dominated the country here at that time. The Old
archeological remains seem also to indicate that the Clal-
lams had not occupied the region so long as the Makahs have
the cape country. Middens on Whidby Island also seem to

{Praoc. 4rH Ser,

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

22

snaaaw *

The Olympic Peninsula, Washington

Vor. VII) REAGAN—ARCHAOLOGICAL NOTES 23

show that the Clallams migrated from there to the main-
land. The Clallam traditions that they came from the north
bear out this conclusion.

Besides the above archeological remains, great quantities
of human bones are washed up on the Port Townsend spit
by the coming and receding tides. The great number of
bones washed up precludes the possibility of the spit having
been a former graveyard site. Furthermore, the way the
bones have been promiscuously piled, seems to indicate a
massacre.*

‘The writer inquired both of the Clallams and the Quillayutes about this washing
up of human bones on this spit and each had a story about it, both relating it to the
Same incident.

The Clallams state that before they had moved to the mainland, and while they
were yet on Whidby Island, their braves, by a surprise, fell upon the Quillayute-
Chemakum Indians at a time of a Devil’s dance on the spit and massacred the whole
population attending the ceremony, but the victim to be sacrified, 4 woman, whom
they saved and who afterwards became the wife of their chief. This defeat of the
Quillayute-Chemakums gave the Clallams a lodgment on the mainland, which they
still maintain.

In reference to this same incident, the Quillayutes give the following tradition:

“In the long ago we had a bad medicine woman among us. Everywhere she went
a pestilence broke out and the people would die by hundreds. She went from here
to Hoh and from there to Chemakum (Port Townsend). It was the same there as
at Hoh and here. Soon there was disease and death there. The dead people
were buried. At the close of the funeral rites, the shamans rose as one man and
denounced this witch. A great assembly of the tribe was called to meet at the village
of Chemakum. The bad “tomanawis” woman was dragged before the council. <A
unanimous vote decreed her to be burned as a black “‘tomanawis’’ witch, as an evil-
spirit doctor. Immediately she was fettered and tied to a tree. Then all slunk from
her to make the final preparations for the tragic act. All day following this trial every-
one was busy. Some of the women went to the clam beds and gathered clams. Others
went far into the woods and gathered berries. Others prepared soups and other eat-
ables and collected whale meat, oil and dried fish for the great occasion. Some of
the men dragged the canoes of every sort to the place of destruction. Others col-
lected all the robes and all the household goods at hand and piled them in a great
heap. Other men went to the woods and dragged to the place of meeting a huge pile
of wood. Then as the sun began to go down toward his western home all again
slunk into the dense woods and all became silent as the dead, all but the moaning of
the poor, helpless woman, who knew that for her the last sun had set.

“It was in the full moon time. Near the tenth hour, as you palefaces now reckon
time, an owl hooted in the thicket adjacent to the death enclosure. A wolf yelp
answered. Quickly following these signals, the cleared space around the witch woman
was filled with shouting, hallooing, shrieking people. The devil dance was on. Near
the victim, where the intense heat would scorch her, they kindled an immense fire.
Then around it and the helpless woman they danced in circular order from right to
left. Vigorously they stamped from the first. Louder and louder grew the hideous
chant. More and more frenzied the actors became. The sacrifice was great. They
had to kill the witch and at the same time appease the wrath of the gods for their
having let her live so long and also to obliterate her evil influence. The highest pitch
of frenzy was reached. With a terrifying, hideous, horrible howl, the whole scene
instantly changed. Each dancer lunged forward from his position in the dancing circle
and seized whatever Indian property he could seize from the collection that lay in
heaps along the outer circle of the cleared dancing space, be it canoe, robes, or what-
not. This he proceeded to destroy, making the most possible noise by voice and_by
any other means he couid devise, as he did so. The air was full of flying debris. The
horrifying din was sickening. Again the scene changed. Two half-grown bears were
thrown into the midst of the maniac-acting throng. Instantly they were seized by the
teeth of the human demon-actors and literally torn to pieces. Then to a man the
diabolically acting performers rushed forward upon the helpless woman and tore her
to pieces with their teeth likewise, as she called upon the gods of the woods, the
Mother Earth, the thunder-bird and the mountains to avenge her death. And they
came.

“While they had been dancing, a storm arose and the thunder-bird at this juncture
began to flap his wings and open and shut his eyes in the heavens, as the lightning
snake sallied forth beneath that warring bird’s breast. The woods suddenly, also,
became alive with demons. Shouts and shrieks came from every quarter. Onward
with a blood-curdling yell came the evil spirits. Before them there was no mercy.
All of the assembled SUE SO ear tribe then and there perished, and the
demons (the Clallam Indians) held the land.”

24 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

THe Lummi-NooKsAcK COUNTRY.

This region extends from the Sumas Mountains in West-
ern Washington westward to Georgian Bay and from the
southern point of the Lummi Peninsula northward to the
International Boundary Line. For the most part, its practic-
ally low, level surface consists of estuary and glacial deposits,
some trap and granite rock and a small patch of Eocene,
exposed at Bellingham. The whole region was once heavily
timbered, but now it is almost half cleared and the other part
might be termed “logged-off lands.”

The archeological remains found here are middens and
mounds. ‘The middens are of two classes, ancient and recent.
As will be seen by examining the map of the Lummi Reser-
vation, a portion of it is marked “glacial deposits.” This
was an island until in recent times. The delta deposits of
the Nooksack and Red or Lummi rivers were filled in by
said rivers against this island till it is now mainland. These
deposits are more than 30 feet thick, as is shown by the find-
ing of logs at a depth of 30 feet at several places in the
delta area. While this delta was still covered with ocean
water, the Indians lived at several places on the glacial
island adjacent to this now filled-in delta area. These In-
dians were fishing Indians, the same as the aborigines who
now occupy the region. They lived on the water front
as they were a canoe-using people and consequently would
not have their villages far from water. These people were
clam-eating Indians and clam and mussel shells constituted
the principal middens marking their village sites. One mid-
den heap occurs about one and one-half miles northwest of
Fish Point, another on the west side of the peninsula, on the
west side of the island, about due west of the last-named
midden heap. Another occupies about the north point of
the island. These middens are covered over with from a
foot to three feet of sand and loam, and over them were
growing trees that must have been 500 years old. This
would make the middens quite ancient, if the rate of delta
depositing was as slow formerly as now, probably 1,500
years old. Similar middens were found about a mile south
of Fish Point, also on the southwestern point of the penin-

Vor. VIT) REAGAN—ARCH#ZOLOGICAL NOTES 25

LUMMI

INDIAN RESERVATION

GHAM BAY
aren aa
peat
f=] semetnewaren anos 54

fe Jocure DEPOSITS

ooo
e000

coo} BEACH DEPOSITS
© 000

[a GLAUIAL DEPoSITS

i ol
SCALE oF MILES
»* MIDDENS

o55

\) A Maret

Etlingham wy

¥. church
vd y-beachers residence,

Z-Schol house in 1880

26 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4ruH Ser.

sula and at another point on the east coast line about half-
way between the “Portage” and Fish Point. .

A group of middens was also observed on the north shore
contact-line of the glacial deposit-area north of Hale’s Pass,
but these were not covered with earth and had the appear-
ance of having been made within the last 150 years.

As will be seen by examining the map, the village site
in 1880 was mostly destroyed by encroachments of the Nook-
sack River, but the islands (practically the only remaining
part of the village) showed three occupations, but none so
old as the middens described above. There is a series of
shells covered by about two feet of earth. On top of these
is another series of middens, probably a foot in thickness.
These are characteristic because the top layer contains Hud-
son Bay trade beads. The surface middens are those of the
village abandoned in 1880.

More ancient midden heaps were found farther inland in
the middle Nooksack valley and at the foot of the Sumas
mountains and on eastward to the vicinity of Sumas Lake
in Canadian territory. Some of these midden remains are
very extensive. They are now many miles inland and must
have been thrown from the Indian kitchens when Georgian
Bay had its eastern shore line at the very foot of the Sumas
mountains. Judging from the appearance of the country
and the geological data one can gather concerning this re-
gion, these middens must be 2,000 years old.

The mounds divide themselves into two groups, burial
mounds and oven mounds.

The mounds which are regarded as burial mounds are
usually of large size, varying from three to 20 feet in diam-
eter.

The oven mounds are scattered throughout the region
and northward to the Fraser River country. These are of
three types: pit mounds, stone enclosed mounds, and sand
and clay mounds.

The pit mounds, on examination, showed that a pit had
been dug in the ground and that a fire had been built in it so
that a bed of an inch or more of charcoal formed the bot-
tom layer of the pit. The stone enclosed mounds had the
stone enclosure inside the mounds, where the outer dirt

Vor. VIT] REAGAN—ARCHA4OLOGICAL NOTES 27

had not been removed by the wind or water. From all
appearances the enclosure of stone in rectangular form was
laid out on the ground, and a fire kindled in the enclosure,
as a layer of charcoal formed a stratum within the rock
enclosure. The sand and clay mounds also showed a char-
coal stratum in each.

These mounds were usually large, from three to 16 feet
in diameter. They were so numerous that they attracted my
attention and I went to excavating them. I was of the
opinion at first that they were burial mounds, though I knew
that the present Indians of the region did not bury their
dead in that manner when first met by the white man. My
examination, however, caused me to form the conclusion
that they were oven mounds.

I found clam shells, a few only, in some of the mounds.
Furthermore, on further investigation and observation, I
even found the Indians of the region baking clams in just
such mounds. I also found an Indian and his wife baking
kammas (Scilla fraseri) bulbs in a sand mound. I have
since even helped eat kammas after it was baked this way.
These finds led me to inquire into the method of preparing
food by the oven process by the Indians now occupying the
region and the regions adjacent.

I found that in the old times, on big feast occasions, the
women would go out and collect great quantities of clams
and other shell-fish. These they would take to the feasting
place. A pit was usually dug to hold the clams and dug in
size in proportion to the clams secured. A large pile of wood
was heaped over the pit and ignited and when it had burned
down to the charcoal state thick wet rushes, or wet boughs,
were placed hurriedly over the heated mass and the clams
poured in a heap over this. More wet rushes or boughs
were placed over this and a foot or more of earth was placed
over the entire heap, thus making a large mound.

Often, instead of a pit to hold the clams, a layer of stone
was placed on the ground and occasionally not even that
was used. Kammas was prepared in the same manner as
the clams, except that just before the last dirt was put on
the mound quite a quantity of water was poured on the
kammas to make it steam. The mounds, after being closed

28 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

over with earth, were left to let the cooking process proceed
for 12 to 24 hours. Then the earth was removed from
the top of the mound and the prepared food taken out. A
mound with a pit in the top would mark the site of this
bake. The winds would soon fill this pit and a round
mound would be the result.

In cooking for a single family, of course, a smaller mound
would be used. For big feasts a whole wagon-load of kam-
mas, or clams, would be baked at a time. The cooking of
the kammas and clams by this process accounts for the
inland mounds. No doubt, the Indians who occupied the
region in the long ago prepared food in the same manner
as does the present aborigine.

ARCH OLOGICAL MATERIAL IN ADJACENT BRITISH
TERRITORY.

The section here under consideration extends from the
International Boundary Line and the shores of Georgian Bay
northward to the Fraser region. The archeological remains
of this district are middens, burial mounds and oven mounds.

The oven mounds are numerous and are very similar to
those described in the Lummi-Nooksack region.

Burial mounds are abundant in the Fraser delta, along
the shores of Georgian Bay and in the southern half of
Vancouver Island. In the groups on the Fraser they are
composed of clay, sand and boulders. They, however, are
often very dissimilar. Some are simple mounds of clay,
which had been heaped over the corpse. The mounds of
this type are often from two to three feet in height and
range in diameter from three to 30 feet. Undoubtedly they
were the graves of children. The chalky remains were all
that I could find in any of these mounds. Another class
of mounds of the region is also composed of clay, but dif-
fering from the latter in having a pile of boulders heaped
up over the clay cone. In some cases these boulders were
covered with neighboring soil, some of these grave tumuli
now being 10 feet high. An examination showed that at
times the corpse was laid on undisturbed earth, at others a
hole was first excavated in the soil and the body placed in

Vor. VII) REAGAN—ARCHZOLOGICAL NOTES 29

the bottom of this. A layer of charcoal was found in the
bottom of some of these graves, evidently the remains of
a sepulchral fire; probably only the personal belongings of
the deceased were burned there. On Vancouver Island there
is evidence in the tumuli that cremation was practiced by the
early tribes there.

Another class of mounds occurs frequently throughout
the region of the Fraser, on Vancouver Island, at Point
Roberts (in the Sound region), and on the mountain slopes
overlooking Sumas Lake. These are rectangular in shape
and have a rectangular periphery of stones. Some are ap-
proximately true squares in shape, others decidedly oblong.
These enclosures vary from 10 to 20 feet in side and end
dimensions. Some also have as high as three rectangular
rows of stones, one inside the other, with an interval of
a few feet between them. The outer row is also often
doubled and capped by an additional row. A pile of boul-
ders also often fills the center space; and over this, clay and
different colored sands are spread. Sometimes the clays and
sands seem to be interstratified. The material is all usually
locally obtained, though the clays and sands of the colored,
stratified type seem to have often been obtained from quite
a distance. The rocks of the periphery are often very large,
weighing from 200 to 500 pounds, the stones of some of the
larger mounds collectively weighing probably 30 tons; some
of the mounds on Vancouver Island are made up wholly of
a conically piled rock heap. The general conclusion is that
this class of burial mounds was not made by the present race
of Indians in the region, for up to the coming of the white
man they never practiced burial by inhumation; their burial
was usually in or under trees. From the burial practice of
other Indians mentioned in this article, it would seem that
a race of aborigines related to the Makahs must have made
the mounds. But there is not sufficient data at hand more
than to make a suggestion on the subject. It is evident,
however, that the builders of these mounds were an old race
and their tombs of great age, dating back probably more than
2,000 years and antedating the coming of the Salish stock,
probably many hundreds of years.

30 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

The middens of the region are also of interest and many
show great age. Many have old forests growing on them
that must exceed 500 years in growth-rings of the larger trees.
One of these is a very large midden on the right bank of the
north arm of the Fraser, a few miles up from its present
mouth. Also extensive midden remains stretch along an
abandoned bank of the river for a distance of one-fourth
mile some 400 yards back from the present river. In ex-
tensiveness and volume these middens average in depth from
five to 15 feet and cover over five acres in area. They are
mostly decaying clam shells, intermingled with enormous
quantities of ashes, heat-fractured stones, a few implements,
and other refuse material. This entire midden heap shows
unmistakable evidence of extreme age and was _ undoubt-
edly formed more than 1,000 years ago by the predecessors
of the present Salish tribes.

Besides the above midden heaps, I found kitchen material
at Hammond on the Fraser and at many other places inland.
Also, while doing geological research work in the region, I
was surprised to find extensive midden heaps in the thick
underbrush and timber miles from any water, as in the vicin-
ity of Boundary Bay and Point Roberts. These were all of
the old type and evidently had been made when the waters
of Georgian Bay extended farther inland. Considering the
slow recession of this bay in a geological way, and also con-
sidering the age of the forests now growing on these mid-
dens, they must have been the kitchen refuse of Indians who
lived in the region not less than 2,000 years ago.

Besides the inland middens, the shores of the estuaries,
bays and islands, and, in fact, continuous to and throughout
the Puget Sound region, are literally covered with midden
material. Often they stretch almost continuously for miles.
These are more recent and are easily distinguished from the
older middens above.

In conclusion, with reference to the middens, the ancient
middens are mostly inland, that is, away from the present
shore line. The shells of these heaps are in a state of
decay and are intermingled with immense quantities of ashes,
calcined and broken stones. They are also of considerable
thickness, exceeding 20 feet in some instances. They also

Vor. VIT] REAGAN—ARCH#OLOGICAL NOTES 31

contain large numbers of barbed and grooved bone spear
and arrow points and other bone implements and but few
of stone. They were made when the shore line was farther
inland than now and are now all overgrown with an ancient
forest. The later middens are usually along the present
shore line, are comparatively shallow and are not so rich
in relics as the older and more extensive heaps. The shells
composing these heaps are usually in a good state of preser-
vation. Also, the relics obtained from them are usually of
stone. These are: Dull green, gray and mottled jade-like
rock and smoky quartz adzes, chisels and axes, dark gray
and black basaltic rock and slate stemmed and differentially
beveled spear and arrow heads, obsidian knives, stone swords,
bone needles, stone pestle hammers, stone bowls and basins
in great number and variety.

As a concluding remark, it would seem that at least two
distinct races have inhabited the region. The midden mate-
rial left by the first race is most extensive and in the main
is made on the old shore line when the ocean waters ex-
tended much farther inland than now and, judging from
the ancient forest ground and the geological criteria at hand,
it must have been in the neighborhood of 2,000 years since
this race disappeared from the region. The second series
of archeological material dates from the receding of the
ocean waters from the beach on which the ancient middens
were formed and continues in being deposited to the pres-
ent time.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII [ REAGAN ] Plate 5

Fic. 1 \ grave at. LaPush

Fic. 2—James Island, the former home of the Quillayute Indians. known by the Indian
name A-kah-lot The Indians lived here in a stockade village when
first visited by the whites.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII [ REAGAN | Plate 6

IN

lic, 1—A midden heap at Jackson Creek. about half way be
tween LaPush and Hoh Vhis i t

v being
washed away by the des

Fic. 2—Indian village of Ozette, built on a number of midden heaps

Pa

ai

PROCEEDINGS

OF TEE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FourtH SERIES

Vo. VII, No. 2, pp. 33-35. Juty 23, 1917

II

CONCERNING THE ORIGIN OF THE SOFT-SHELLED
TURTLE, ASPIDONECTES CALIFORNIANA
RIVERS*

BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH
Curator of the Department of Herpetology

In the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences,
Series 2, Vol. II, pp. 233-236, December 20, 1889, Mr. J. J.
Rivers published a “Description of a New Turtle from the
Sacramento River, belonging to the Family of Trionychide.”
The supposed new species was named Aspidonectes californi-
ana. The description was largely prepared by Dr. George
Baur, who compared this turtle with A. spinifer and A. emoryi.
Mr. Rivers stated that his turtle “was captured in the Sacra-
mento River, near the city of Sacramento, by a party of gentle-
men engaged in fishing, their names being Messrs. W. J. Terry,
H. B. Denson and J. C. Jones.”

I have tried to learn what I could regarding the real history
of this turtle, but have gotten little definite information. Dr.
Terry has stated to me that he had nothing to do with the
turtle except that he suggested to his friend that it should be
sent to the University of California. He says that this friend
(Mr. J. Charles Jones) got the turtle from a French restaurant
Mie panted from the John W. Hendrie Publication Endowment.

July 23, 1917

34 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H See.

in Sacramento and that this restaurant was near China Slough
which was a backwater emptying into and filled from the Sacra-
mento River.

Mr. J. Charles Jones referred me to the former owner of the
restaurant, Mrs. Louis Payen, then living in Latrobe, El
Dorado County, California. She writes under date June 5,
1905:

“T can give you very little information about a certain turtle.
I cannot remember ever having one of that kind in our posses-
sion, but Mr. Payen remembers that some boys had one soft-
shell turtle in the street on H between 20 and 21st, front of a
saloon. He thinks he was over a foot long, and the first soft-
shell turtle he ever saw, and the boys said they got him in the
slough near Chinatown, and Mr. Payen does not know what
became of him.

“We sold our restaurant in 1889 and went to France. In
returning we moved to 22d St., I and J, and it was after that
that Mr. Payen saw the turtle, but he does not know how soon
after, but is positive it was not before Jan., 1890.”

Dr. Baur wrote me that he had compared the skeleton of
Rivers’ specimen with that of P. sinensis and found that the two
did not belong to the same species. Notwithstanding this, in
1897, I regarded this turtle as probably of Chinese origin, for
the skeleton to which Baur referred (except perhaps the skull)
was prepared not from the original specimen, but from one of a
number of specimens purchased in Chinatown in San Francisco
for Mr. Rivers by Mr. W. G. Harford, who at that time was
associated with Mr. Rivers in the Museum of the University of
California. Regarding these specimens, Mr. Harford wrote
me, as follows :—

Alameda, April 19, 1908.
John Van Denburgh, M. D.

Dear Friend :—

Relative to the soft-shelled reptile from the Sacramento
River, described by Prof. Rivers, I can only state from mem-
ory, the following :—On visiting the Chinese grocery at the
corner of Dupont and Sacramento Streets, [San Francisco] I

Vor. VII] VAN DENBURGH—ASPIDONECTES CALIFORNIANA RIVERS 5

found in a vat of fresh water several live specimens of what
seemed to me at the time to be identical with the species de-
scribed by Prof. Rivers. On returning to Berkeley, I reported
to Mr. R. what I had seen in the city, at this Chinese grocery,
and he rather doubted it at the time as being the same species
he had described from the Sacramento River. Prof. R. deter-
mined to secure these specimens from the city for the Museum
of the University; which he did, and we had them alive in the
sink for a number of days (in fresh water) in the museum
rooms. On opening the rooms in the morning we usually
found them on the floor, having crawled out of the sink. My
recollection as to the number of them is not quite clear, but I
remember we had at least three, one of which was considerably
larger than the others. I asked the merchant where they came
from. He said China. Any questions you would like to ask I
will gladly answer. I will try to see you at an early date.

Yours truly,

(Signed) ‘“W. G. Harford.”

While these statements made from memory by the people
concerned many years after the events to which they refer may
not be in all respects accurate, they seem to make it almost cer-
tain that all of these turtles were brought over from China.
There seems to be no evidence in support of Rivers’ statement
that the type was caught in the Sacramento River itself, al-
though it may have been found in the backwater known as
China Slough, near the Chinatown of Sacramento. It, doubt-
less, had been imported by the Chinese, just as had the other
specimens found later in San Francisco. There is absolutely
no evidence of the occurrence of a soft-shelled turtle in any of
the waters of California.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

FourRTH SERIES

Vor. VI, Now 3; pp: 37-39: Jury 23, 1917

Ill

NOTES ON THE HERPETOLOGY OF GUAM,
MARIANA ISLANDS*

BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH
Curator of the Department of Herpetology

The present paper is based upon a small collection made
early in January, 1906. Only a few hours were available for
collecting on Guam, the principal island of the Mariana or
Ladrone group, and in consequence, the specimens obtained do
not represent the entire reptilian fauna. It is probable that
other skinks as well as geckos are to be found there. Never-
theless, the collection seems well worthy of record, since it in-
cludes species not previously reported from these islands, and
re-establishes the occurrence there of the worm-snake, Typhlops
braminus. The specimens are in the collection of the Academy.

1. Hemidactylus frenatus Dumeéril & Bibron

The specimens collected on Guam, January 11, 1906, fur-
nish, we believe, the first record of the occurrence of this gecko
in the Mariana Islands. I have carefully compared them with
a series from Luzon, Philippine Islands, and have found them
identical.

* Printed from the John W. Hendrie Publication Endowment.
July 23, 1917

38 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

2. Peropus mutilatus (Wiegmann)

This widely distributed gecko was not secured on Guam by
our collector. The Paris Museum, however, has received it
from the Ladrone or Mariana Islands.

3. Peropus oceanicus (Lesson)

The Paris Museum also possesses this species from this
group of islands. It was not found on Guam by our collector.

4. Lepidodactylus lugubris (Duméril & Bibron)

We have received from Guam a number of specimens of
this gecko. The species is known to occur in all the neighbor-
ing groups of islands,—the Marshall, Caroline and Pelew
islands,—but, I believe, has not previously been collected in the
Ladrones. The specimens from Guam seem in every respect
like those from the Hawaiian Islands, with which I have com-
pared them.

5. Varanus indicus (Daudin)

Our collector secured on Guam a skin of this monitor which
measured 1060 mm., of which 600 mm. represent the tail.
Number 4876 of the Academy’s collection was a skin, 1660
mm. in length (tail 1020 mm.), labeled merely Ladrone
Islands, where it was secured by Mr. Crawford. Both these
specimens were destroyed in the great fire of April, 1906, but
we have since secured a small alcoholic specimen from Guam.

A living specimen was seen on the ground a mile inland
from the town of Agana.

6. Emoia cyanura (Lesson)

The only skink found on Guam is this common species which
has long been represented in the Paris Museum by specimens
from the Mariana Islands. It was very plentiful on stone
walls, rock heaps and trunks of trees near the roots, also in
the underbrush and among dead leaves.

Vor. VIT) VAN DENBURGH—HERPETOLOGY OF GUAM 39

7. Typhlops braminus (Daudin)

By far the most interesting specimen in the collection is a
single Typhlops braminus which confirms the early record
made by Duméeril and Bibron (Erpét. Gén., VI, p. 312) of an
example secured by Quoy and Gaimard, and thus re-establishes
the eastern limit of the known range of this species. It was
found at sunset on a narrow footpath on a hill back of Agafia,
Guam, Jan. 11, 1906.

In alcohol this specimen has shrunk; immediately after
death it measured 116 mm. long and 1.75 mm. wide. The
body was apparently quite round, but the head and a few milli-
meters of neck were flattened and appeared wider than the
body. I have compared it carefully with a number of speci-
mens from the Philippine Islands without being able to find any
points of distinction.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FourTH SERIES

Vot. VII, No. 4, pp. 41-124, pls. 7-16. Jury 30, 1917

IV

STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS OF THE
MARTINEZ TO THE CHICO AND TEJON OF
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA*

BY CLARENCE A. WARING

CONTENTS PAGE

Introductions Generalm@Statementyee ct seca c ule tees ee sone ccke doe 43
ANcknowledpmentsso):tiwetintcrsioetaten cls tiesiate aeretstie 6 slots 43

Flistoricall Reviews iacisisersiticc suet chelie tiers wesc ches exe bvaverareva 43

Formational Distribution in California... 5 Ue y occa ce cok ee bcee. 44
Phe WChico ser pneminnien ity eysee ee we ae ctsm ees oe ek ee 44
dhe Martinez se vce eter hee ee eee a oe nae 44
Review of the Martinez at the Type Locality....................... 46
shes ite sommes critter rt pen eye eet ore et Pe ire & edi Sealare: ge eeclte 47

IB WY pA Fo) 6 Pee eee tora ttecr a ieaictoio Beatie Bare ne ee 48
Formationall Distribution in) the Area. occ. cbecce cc scaece<sct.cccs 48
Structure Ofy the mhegionky asc sete sett enol nico ceisiee ecunentes 49
Relations of the Cretaceous and Eocene North of Simi Fault........ 49
PBR er Chico nee loc MV Sk ae tee a on BR ii osc oncnka tate wat 49
TOSSA eros al NG 5 A ater eeoiciel ec cr OLS RICICaoN TRILL 52
MhewRejonsinpsimimVialley saan ee aiss% «cose ble a belases 52
The Tejon North of the Santa Clara River Valley.............. 52

* Thesis presented to the Department of Geology of Leland Stanford Junior Uni-
versity in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts.
September, 1913. Revised for publication in October, 1916.

Printed from the John W. Hendrie Publication Endowment.

July 30, 1917

42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

CON TEN TS—Continued

PAGE

The Relations of the Cretaceous and Eocene South of Santa Monica
MOtun tains © yes terecvcccecsateviue re wyacate aiere epivsins Mateus ierioeares Bt crea aacs De
Eocene, Correlations 625 cise sntscitcass 210410 eibra. ts wrauele siapctare ore ctereeutnauehe. aad ever 54
Table Showing Occurrence of Eocene Venericardias................ 55
(7079 (elk) (05 0 (Rea nS RRR A Ee ah re a 56
index*of (Chicombossilsscmeaerdce vmciev caso. s.ctnie mvs eeegaee aieremie vena miats 56, 57
Description: of Chico: Spectesy 2cccisig ara /acccrnrrsewise aries bo eyayesaieee eae 58-71
Index:ror iMantinez, HMOSsiSi0..co acisteinc ore ein cicete © ae elctelneivie cesta siaiarere ais 71h,
Description of Martinez. Species). :cisis.<.c0je)<. «eine a's wis enwieian a lcinisieaasisaresle 73-89
Tides OF MeJOMeMOSSIIS aa races ‘etaue.orc suai viewers « oleiene evetevare natatexe strait aaa ae 90, 91
DescriptionsnofeWejon Species. <ocrecieieisrsis cielo e eeiieterela = teeters 91-100
WisEDOF MRELERENCeS 2c als sactodncievae wR oiieis Sicualeelors eharanrsere wnrevetatere c 101-104
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE

Fig. 1. Map of California showing distribution of Chico and Eocene 45
Fig. 2. Geologic cross-section through a portion of the Camulos

Ctiadrangsles 4.2 hei sise Gyre eee oe ero a iencteterats este ronal 49
Fig. 3. Geologic map of a portion of the Camulos quadrangle...... 51
Plates Zim (Chico fossils) <4: s oh....id csc coemiste nln narorere ve ating sioeeeremie Ore 107
Plates SimGhieo fOS8sulS) sites eves grevpacls seas csersarseetaerstaetare eae ee eeere 109
Plate 9) Chica fOSSUS, coi, 5.5 ovsiave a cin o.cateredele rece esatera aoa GaeeheleeGl sae ree 111
Plate 10; Martinez fossils 2. s.cc1c.cseis overs oss ate crete sreisis seteres ete eels tare 113
Plated’. “Eocene” Venericardias < «..s.ccwe wees nonce come nalsaran sine outa 115
Plate12. Martinez fossils .....62..cc0eeeueesctueee Be Ae eter ae 117
Plate 13! \Martinez: fOsSilS: </s..0.0f ave; ocsys = oneretnvatelayersrsse eronelerarevpevarel sicieravarolate 119
Plate 14. Martinez and Tejon fossils..............-.-.0eeceeeeeeeee 121
Plated: WMefome fossils; felsic saa grslerenare cers cewreric evsheusteisrrestehas athe 123
Plate 16. Fig. 1. View showing heavy bedded Chico sandstone in
the Simi Halls < id. on swenseicupeieioa ues a eee nis 29

Fig. 2. View showing Martinez conglomerate overlying
unconformably the Chico sandstones in the
Simi Halistc.cosaete ace. ace ecmermte oer ates £25

Vor. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 43

INTRODUCTION

General Statement.—The Chico and most of the Eocene ma-
terial on which this paper is based, was collected by a Stanford
geologic party, of which the writer was a member, during the
summer of 1910. Much of the Tejon material was kindly fur-
nished by Messrs. R. B. Moran and J. O. Lewis.

Since the original manuscript of this report was prepared the
writer has had opportunity to visit more territory in the state
where the Cretaceous and Eocene are represented. The re-
port has been thoroughly revised and all late reports on the
subject consulted and incorporated.

Acknowledgments.—Thanks are especially due to Dr. J. P.
Smith under whose direction this paper was prepared, and to
Harold Hannibal for assistance in determination of the faunas.
Dr. Roy E. Dickerson has kindly assisted in the revision.
Messrs. R. B. Moran and J. O. Lewis have made valuable con-
tributions of fossils, without which the relations of the Mar-
tinez to the Tejon could not have been embodied in this report.

Historical Review.—Since the first attempt, made by Dr. T.
W. Stanton,’ to clear up the relations of the Cretaceous and
Eocene on the Pacific Coast, much has been done towards dif-
ferentiating them. The Chico-Tejon beds which were
thought by early geologists to be a faunal and stratigraphic
unit, have been shown by Dr. Roy E. Dickerson® to consist of
three distinct units, separable both faunally and stratigraph-
ically. The Martinez formation north of Mt. Diablo is sep-
arated from both the Chico and Tejon formations by uncon-
formities, and the faunas show strikingly the interruption in
sedimentation. Evidence confirms the belief, however, that
this unconformity does not exist wherever these formations oc-
cur in California. In those parts of central California* where
Chico and Eocene strata occur, with the Martinez lacking, the
Tejon rests unconformably on the Chico.

1 Stanton, T. W., The Faunal Relations of the Eocene and Upper Cretaceous on the
Pacific Coast, U. S. Geol. Surv. 17th Annual Rept., pt. 1, pp. 1005-1061, 1895-6.

2 Dickerson, R. E., Stratigraphic and Faunal Relations of the Martinez to the Chico
and Tejon North of Mount Diablo. Univ. Calif. Publ., Dept. Geol., vol. 6, pp. 171-7,
June 28, 1911.

% Arnold, R., and Anderson, R., Geology and Oil Resources of the Coalinga
District, U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 398, pp. 62-86, 1910.

44 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

FORMATIONAL DISTRIBUTION IN CALIFORNIA

The Chico.—A review of the Cretaceous generally has been
well presented by Messrs. Diller, Stanton, Anderson, Smith,
Crandall, Packard, and others. The Cretaceous record of Cali-
fornia has been kept exclusively by the Pacific, so naturally we
may expect to find faunas from southern California closely re-
lated to faunal assemblages from northern California, Vancou-
ver Island, Alaska, Japan and India. Comparing southern
faunas with those from these regions, one is impressed with the
large number of genera which occur elsewhere around the
North Pacific. The Chico of California is confined primarily
to the Coast Ranges, with smaller areas on the northeastern
border of the Great Valley from which it was originally de-
scribed. These deposits are not confined to the flanks of the
Coast Ranges, but are often found as remnants resting uncon-
formably on the older metamorphosed sediments. Most of our
Eocene deposits are closely associated with the Chico and are
often apparently conformable with it, although an unconformity
usually exists. The area covered by the Chico rocks in Cali-
fornia is not great, but its stratigraphic limits have been very
difficult to determine, where it is associated directly with the
Horsetown below or with the Martinez above. When either of
these formations is absent a rather distinct unconformity is
apparent. The Chico epoch, wherever its record has been ob-
served in California, has been one of rapid sedimentation.
Especially is this true in the lower Chico which is made up
almost entirely of sandstones, and its fauna are those adapted
to littoral conditions.

The Martinez.—North of Mt. Diablo, “the Martinez forma-
tion is represented areally by a strip averaging a quarter of a
mile wide, which extends from lower Oil Creek westward for
four miles. Its west end is terminated by a cross fault, while
its eastern end is cut off by the Tejon conglomerate.’’* The
Martinez has been found in southern California only in the
Calabasas sheet, east of Santa Ana® and east of Los Angeles in
the Rock Creek quadrangle. The formation in the Calabasas

* Dickerson, R. E., Univ. of Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 6, p. 175,
1910-11.

5 Martinez and Tejon are reported on the west flank of the Santa Ana
mountains by the class in paleontology from the University of California in 1913.

Vor. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 45

MAP OF CALIFORNIA
SHOWING
DISTRIBUTION OF CHICO AND EOCENE

Scale: =39 miles Compiled by CA.Waring

anaes
LEGEND

Se ty "9 bz Zz
«| f |
Ss
Ukiah \ 4 e a ty Rear: s, eT i 3
Mele H : We a MM Martinez
Lo =f) eR N

uburn

No! j PPlacervi| WAChico
7 --- Probable Ione shoreline
—~ Probable Tejon Shoreline
-- Probable Martinez shoreline

—-Probable Chico shoreline

Needies™

22n Bernardino
oe

, PSanJacnato
q

s

1 Xe?
KQeeanside
ai

are
=

—
‘
Pont Loma Pp YE: a pisdox

Fig. 1

46- CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

quadrangle covers an area about two miles square, in the north-
west corner of the sheet. A smaller area of about three square
miles extends from Coal Canyon to Tuna Canyon near the
coast. Only small areas occur west of Santa Ana. The species
are such as flourish at a moderate depth, and show littoral con-
ditions.

REVIEW OF THE MARTINEZ AT THE TYPE LOCALITY

It is desirable to review the Martinez of California and give
a summary of the literature. W. M. Gabb*, in 1869, recognized
a new horizon in his Chico Group near Martinez and on the
northern flank of Mt. Diablo. He did not, however, keep the
faunal horizons separate, and in 1895, Dr. T. W. Stanton’ re-
vised the Chico and Tejon members and left the Martinez hori-
zon still to be determined. In 1897 Dr. Merriam* published
lists of faunas with their stratigraphic positions, from a series
of rich localities running across the strike of the beds, from the
Chico to the Tejon. No unconformity was observed between
the Chico and Martinez beds and the faunas alone distinguished
them. Dentaliwm cooper Gabb, was the only fossil found com-
mon to the two formations, and no overlapping of the faunas
was found to occur. Merriam’s locality No. 1 is distinctly
Chico. Locality No. 2 is distinctly Martinez. Locality No. 3
furnished a fauna of the same type as No. 2, with the addition
of Tellina undulifera Gabb, Turritella infragranulata (?)
Gabb; Brachysphingus liratus Gabb, and Modiolus ornatus
(Gabb), which is also characteristic of Tejon. From his local-
ity No. 4 he states that about one-third of the fauna is com-
posed of species known from the Tejon. However, when we
consider that over one-half of his species from No. 4 are new,
the Tejon species make up two-thirds of the species already
described, while only about one-ninth of them are characteristic
of the Martinez.

In 1904, C. E. Weaver® described Dr. Merriam’s Martinez
fauna and attempted to draw the line between the Martinez

®Gabb, W. M., Rept. Geol. Surv. of California, Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 13,
preface, 1869.
re a T. W., U. S. Geol. Surv. 17th Annual Rept., pt. 2, pp. 1011-1036,

-6.

8 Merriam, J. C., The Geological Relations of the Martinez Group of Cali-
fornia at the Typical Locality. Jour. Geol. vol. 5, pp. 767-76, 1897.

® Weaver, C. E., Contribution to the Paleontology of the Martinez Group,
Univ. Calif. Publ. Dept. Geol., vol. 4, pp. 102-123, 1904-6.

Vor. VII] WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 47

and Tejon. In so doing he combined Merriam’s locality No. 3,
which was called upper Martinez, with locality No. 4, which
was called near upper Martinez. The line should have been
drawn below locality No. 4, and that fauna placed in the Tejon
with species from locality No. 5. In his discussion, Dr. Mer-
riam applied the name Martinez to that portion of Gabb’s
Martinez group which remained after the removal of the Chico-
Cretaceous element. The following species listed by Weaver
have been found only in the Tejon:

Venericardia planicosta hornu Gabb, Megistostoma striata
Gabb, Modiolus ornatus (Gabb), Galeodea tuberculata
(Gabb), Tellina martinezensis Weaver, Tellina hornii Gabb,
Thracia karquinezensis Weaver, Turritella conica Weaver,
Turritella infragranulata Gabb, Nyctilochus eocenicus
(Weaver), and Fusus @quilateralis Weaver. Some of the
other species are also questionably Martinez.

In 1910, R. E. Dickerson”? found a section north of Mt.
Diablo, which showed an unconformity between the Martinez
and Tejon and listed a characteristic Martinez fauna. Dr.
Dickerson says: “The evidence of relationship of the Martinez
to the Tejon formation is based (1) upon areal mapping of
the beds containing characteristic faunas of these formations ;
(2) upon variation of strike at the contact of these formations ;
(3) upon variation in dip throughout the area studied; (4)
upon the presence of a conglomerate which marks a very de-
cided change in sedimentation at the base of the Tejon.”

In bulletins issued from the Department of Geology, Uni-
versity of California, since this manuscript was originally pre-
pared, Dr. Dickerson has revised the early work on the Mar-
tinez of California, and has described Martinez strata and their
fauna from Lower Lake, Benicia, Martinez, Selby, north of Mt.
Diablo, south of Mt. Diablo, San Pedro Point, San Mateo
County, and at Rock Creek on the western border of the
Mohave Desert region.

The Tejon.—Forty years ago Dr. Cooper™ was trying to ac-
count for the non-deposition of Eocene sediments in California.
Today we are trying to account for their erratic distribution in

ve Dickerson, R. E., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 6, pp. 171-7,

4 Cooper, J. G., Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 5, 1873, pp. 419-422.

48 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

California. “The Tejon is found most extensively developed
in the vicinity of Fort Tejon and about Martinez. From the
latter locality it forms an almost continuous belt in the Coast
Ranges to Marsh’s, 15 miles east of Mt. Diablo, where it sinks
under the San Joaquin plain. It has also been found in the
same range as far south as New Idria and as far north as near
Round Valley, Mendocino County.’

The most southerly Tejon in California known today is
found at Pt. Loma.** Coming northward the next occurrence
is in the Santa Ana Mountains and then at Fort Tejon,“* the
type locality. The Lower Lake, New Idria and Mt. Diablo
regions are well covered by Drs. Stanton'* and Dickerson®® and
it hardly seems necessary to review them in this report.

The Tejon is very distinct from the Martinez and indicates,
perhaps, a more tropical climate, with a fauna that flourished
under littoral conditions.

Some of the later Eocene sediments have of recent years
been included in the Tejon group. Among these are the Eocene
at Marysville Buttes, Corral Hollow and some of that in the
Mt. Diablo region. The late Eocene in the northern part of
the State is later than the Tejon at the type locality and can be
correlated with the Ione along the west face of the Sierras.*®
The name Tejon could well be confined to the original forma-
tion of that name.

FORMATIONAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE AREA

In general the geology of the Calabasas quadrangle may be
divided into three portions. A broad syncline of Monterey
sandstone and shale covers the central part and is overlain by
alluvium in the San Fernando Valley. Vaqueros sandstone
underlies the Monterey sediments and is exposed both to the
north and south of it. This large central area is abruptly
faulted both north and south, and the older sediments of Eocene

Gabb, W. M., Pal. Cal., vol. 2, preface, p. xili, 1869.

8 Stanton, T. W., U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, p. 1028.

% For description, see Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc., 4th Series, vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 33-98,
pls. 1-11, June 15, 1915.

18 Dickerson, R. E., Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California, Univ. Calif. Publ.
Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 8, pp. 89-106, May 13, 1914.

%* Arnold, R., and Hannibal, H., Dickerson on the Tejon Eocene of California,
Science, N. S., vol. 39, pp. 906-908, June 19, 1914. Waring, C. A., Eocene Horizons
of California, Jour. Geol., vol. 22, pp. 783-786, Nov.-Dec., 1914.

Vor. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 49

and Cretaceous age are brought into contact with the later
Miocene sediments. To the north, the Simi fault has brought
the Chico sandstone up against the Vaqueros. The Chico dips
uniformly to the north, and over it lie the Martinez and Tejon
in an apparently conformable series. To the south the Santa
Monica fault has brought about relations similar to those in
the north. Here metamorphics of probable Jurassic age are
brought up below the Chico. This southern area has been a
region of volcanic flows and intrusions, so that the relations
are not so easily seen in the field as in the north.

STRUCTURE OF THE REGION

The cross section, fig. 2, is taken along a NW.-SE. line,
A-A’, through the area. The interior portion of the area con-
sists of a broad syncline of Vaqueros and Monterey which have

‘

SANTA MONICA FAULT.

Simy FAULT.

i
_ LVI E
Ly, = SS I SIS FIA A. po
ARES > L/ fibrlerhy Jrofaglonk / he +
eT SPI PULLER wa
AP Waqueros = LSA ff “hy
P Z s LLL LL LY VPS os

SEA LEVEL

7)
m

Fig. 2
been faulted down against the Chico on either side. To the
north the Chico and overlying Eocene have been faulted, such
as to cause a repetition of the formations. The Eocene is over-
lain by Vaqueros which outcrops again north of Simi Valley.
To the south, the Chico has been faulted and the Martinez
brought down against it.

RELATIONS OF THE CRETACEOUS AND EOCENE

Chico.—The northwest corner of the Calabasas area is cut
by two faults (see geologic map, fig. 3, p. 51). The smaller of
these runs approximately east-west and runs into the main Simi
fault about where it crosses the Los Angeles-Ventura county
line. This faulting has brought up two small fossiliferous Cre-
taceous areas with their overlying sandstones and Eocene. The

50 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

secondary fault has evidently had its down-throw on the south
side, carrying down a large area of the lower Eocene which
was less exposed to erosion than that north of the fault, where
the tops of the Simi Hills have been eroded down to the Chico
sandstone. In this way the conglomerates of the lower Eocene
are offset about two miles on the surface exposure. The beds
dip at an angle of about 20 degrees and differ about 900 feet
in present elevation. In order to produce such a horizontal
difference, the vertical displacement must have been in the
neighborhood of 3000 feet. The Chico exposed in Bell’s can-
yon and to the north-east in Dayton’s canyon contains upper
Chico fossils and is overlain by about 8000 feet of heavy bedded
gray granitic sandstone. This sandstone is medium to fine-
grained and is interbedded in places with fine iron-stained
sandy’shales which carry considerable carbonaceous material.
Conformably above these are about 200 feet of sandy shales.
No fossils have been found in this series but lithologically and
stratigraphically they resemble the uppermost Chico of north-
ern California. By some geologists these sandstones (fig. 1, p.
125) have been considered Eocene, but the writer believes them
to be uppermost Chico. They are unconformable with the
Eocene conglomerates (fig. 2, p. 125) above and also, probably,
with the Chico below.

The opening of the Eocene epoch is marked by the accumula-
tion of about 200 feet of very coarse conglomerate of a light
buff color. The cementing material is coarse granitic sand. The
boulders, composed of polished quartzite and granite, average
about six inches in diameter. This conglomerate is overlain by
a white shaly rock about 50 feet thick. Above these are light
buff sandstones with Martinez fossils. North of the Simi fault
these fossiliferous sandstones are overlain by a series of about
2000 feet of drab shales with some interbedded dark gray fos-
siliferous sandstones in which Turritella pachecoensis is very
abundant. From the upper sandstones of this series, Glycimeris
veatchi major, Turritella simiensis, Turritella pachecoensis,
Turritella martinezensis, Amauropsts alveata, Cucull@a morant,
and Polynices horni, have been taken. The top of these shales
is apparently Tejon and probably the transition from Martinez
takes place in this shale series, or at its base. The formations
are apparently conformable.

Vor. VII] WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 5l

GEOLOGIC MAP
OFA
PORTION OF CAMULOS QUADRANGLE
AFTER
Stanford Geological Survey in 1910 and notes

on the geology north of Santa Susana fur-
nishea by RB.Moran and JO Lewis.
Compiled and altered by CA.Waring,

oat es ae
“+. Jurassic?

Allavium®

ra Montere
% s2Sandstone,

31 Vaqueros:
1A Tejon
faccz Martinez
kK Chico
El Schist
EZ Quartzite ee
Diorite, Andesite, Basalt\:
“NS Faults

@) Fossil localities

PACIFIC OCEAN

Fig. 3

52 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

The Tejon consists of 200 feet of heavy bedded conglomer-
ate, 200 to 300 feet of shale, and 1700 to 1800 feet of shales,
fine sands and conglomerates, towards the base of which is the
oil bearing horizon. The fossils described were taken from
1000 to 1500 feet from the top of the upper beds.

From the Sespe-Eocene contact to 300 feet below the contact
the following species were found at Locality 8:

Pinna lewisi, new species; Dentalium coopertt Gabb, Natica
hannibali Dickerson, and Turritella uvasana Conrad.

Tejon.—The formation mapped as Tejon in the Camulos
quadrangle consists of those sedimentary strata formerly
mapped as Topa-Topa,’* and identical beds in Simi Valley.
The lithologic descriptions, and lists of fossils have been care-
fully considered and they can be, in part, correlated with the
Tejon of the type locality.** Since the Topa-Topa sediments
form a conformable series with a distinct fauna which is iden-
tical with part of the Tejon formation, it would be less confus-
ing to future correlations if we drop Eldridge’s local name. It
has served its purpose as a preliminary horizon name.

Tejon in Sinn Valley.—These sedimentaries are folded along
a NE.-SW. axis. In Simi Valley they overlie the upper
shales of the Martinez and dip to the NW. at an angle of about
35 degrees. They are exposed in the hills NE. and SW. of
Santa Susana’® and consist of over 2000 feet of strata. This
thickness consists of about 200 feet of conglomerate, 200 feet
of oil bearing shales, and 1800 feet of shale, sandstone, and
conglomerate. This upper shale member contains fossil plants
and is probably a fresh water phase of sedimentation. The
thickness of Tejon sediments in this entire region is very great
as compared with the 1850-foot section in the San Joaquin
Valley region where erosion took place through considerable of
the Martinez and lower Tejon time.

Tejon north of Santa Clara River Valley.—North of Fill-
more, Eldridge”? lists fossils from beds exposed in Sespe Gorge,
north of Tar Creek. He assigned these fossils to the Sespe
(Eocene) and stated that they might be from beds below his

1 Bulletin U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 309, p. 5, 1907.

18 Geol. Survey California, Paleontology, vol. 2, preface, p. xiii, 1869.

1” See Bull. 69 Calif. State Mining Bureau, p. 383, 1914.
20 Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 309, p. 11, 1907.

Vor, VII] W ARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 53

Sespe. However, he recognized the fauna as Eocene. These
are all typical Tejon species and evidently came from Tejon
strata underlying the Sespe, for it is known that Tejon is ex-
posed in the immediate vicinity. Southwest of Sespe Gorge
near the Silver Thread oil field the Tejon is exposed as a
southerly overturned anticline with NE.-SW. axis. In no
published reports has the name Topa-Topa been applied to
strata older than Tejon, and it is improbable that the Martinez
will be found exposed farther to the northwest in the region
of less intense folding.

RELATIONS OF THE CRETACEOUS AND EOCENE FORMATIONS
SoutTH OF THE SANTA Monica MOUNTAINS

South of the Santa Monica Mountains, the structure is even
more complicated. Two large faults cut across Topanga Can-
yon (see fig. 3, p. 51), and a large wedge-shaped block of Chico
sediments is exposed. These consist of about 6000 feet of sedi-
ments, the lower 1500 feet being largely sandstone with dark
micaceous shales interbedded. Above are about 4000 feet of
well consolidated conglomerates with interbedded sandstones
and shales, the pebbles of which vary from one inch to four or
five inches in diameter. The upper division consists of 1200
feet of shale and light colored, fine-grained, medium bedded
sandstone. The sandstones are characterized by an abundance
of biotite. The lower sandstones are fossiliferous in places.
The only fossil found in the upper shales was Scutella (?)
species. Scattered over the surface of this Cretaceous area are
remnants of the Martinez strata, in places bearing fossils.
Some of the boulders bearing these Martinez fossils have
found their way into the stream channels. The Martinez fos-
sils found in this area at Locality 5 are the following :

Fasciolaria mucronata (Gabb), Retipirula crassitesta
(Gabb), Pseudoliva howardi (Dickerson), Polynices hornu
(Gabb), Turritella martinezensis Gabb, Turritella pachecoensis
Stanton.

A strip a mile and a half wide to the southwest, bordering
the coast, is brought into contact with the Chico by faulting.
This formation is terminated by faulting east of Malibu
Canyon. Faulting has complicated the structure to such an

54 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4rH Ser.

extent that Cretaceous and Martinez fossils are found very
close to those of Vaqueros age in a point on the coast. No
attempt will here be made to differentiate them positively, but
generally the formations are shown in their proper relation on
the map, page 51, fig. 3.

EocENE CORRELATION

Venericardia planicosta Lamarck and V’. planicosta regia”
Conrad, range from lower Chickasawan, Lignitic or Wilcox,
into the upper Chickasawan, Lignitic or Wilcox. This range is
practically that of the Aquia formation. These species com-
pare most closely with V’. planicosta hornu (Gabb) of the lower
Tejon of California.

V. planicosta var. 5 Harris”, V. marylandica Harris”, V.
potapacoensis Harris**, and V’. planicosta Harris** (not Lam-
arck?) range from upper Chickasawan into the Claiborne.
This range is the range of Harris’ Nanjemoy in Maryland and
corresponds to that of V’. planicosta ionensis Waring” of the
Umpqua or Arago formation in Washington, and the Ione at
Merced Falls, California.

V. planicosta venturensis of the upper Martinez of the
Camulos quadrangle is of an entirely different horizon and
represents sediments of Midway age and older. This species
agrees more closely with V’. planicosta Lamarck of Harris,”
which seems deserving at least of subspecific rank.

V. planicosta Harris* seems to represent the typical V’. plani-
costa of Lamarck of which the writer has access to several
specimens from the Paris basin. It seems then that the typical
V. planicosta is confined to a horizon which is to be correlated
with the Lignitic of the Gulf States. The turritellas especially
show the close relationship, and both the pelecypods and gas-
teropods are very close to many Midway species.

It will be seen, then, that the Tejon is higher than Dall?®
placed it in 1896. It surely is to be correlated with the lower
and Sone Geol. Surv. Eocene, pls. 38, figs. 1, la; 39, figs. 1, la; 40, figs. 1. 2
2 Bull. 9, Am. Pal., p. 54, pl. 16, fig. 5.

33 Maryland Geol. Surv. Eocene, p. 179, pl. xl, figs. 7 and 7a.
* Maryland Geol. Surv. Eocene, p. 179, pl. xl, figs. 4-6.

25 Bull. 9, Am. Pal., p. 54, pl. 16, ao 1-4.
26 Jour. of Geol., vol. 22, No. Bi p. 785, Nov.-Dec., 1914. Map folio accompanying
Bull., 69, Cal. State Min. Bur., pl. 1, 1914.
4'Bull. Am. Pal., No. 4, p. 58, a 4, fig. 13.
> Bull. Am. Pal., No. 9, p. 54, pl. 9, figs. 1-3.
»U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Annual Report, pt. 2, p. 327.

Sp)

WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS

Vor. VII]

eT “3g
‘p Id ‘gg ‘d ‘% ‘on
“Ted “Wy "Ing ‘suezy
s1uey eysoorueyd: j

PN AO}
(Sh. a en ee eee

Bulle stsuainy
-uaA eysoorurid +A

OUIONIEL “7]

ABMPIIY ZIUITIL I
yoreur
=O]. -U3SOOTUB [Cas \cl) = 2 = ee Ee ee
pesuog esas qo qa
‘rea eysooruyd “A | tusoy eysooruryd *, | nus0y eqysoorueyd * A
WEMESE IYO 7 SHEE volar onTesrT “7
POO ME CPEs emby
SUVS [pe SOO TNE oA ee |S Se
5 ‘ F-1 “s8y ‘OT “Id ‘pg “d
“Ted “Wy ‘6 "Ting ‘suey EAD aE
yoreur | stsusooedejod +, Burre |
“eT eysoorued “A SIIB] Porpury SIsuauOT BysooTuETd * A
uemesexory “dq | -Areur erpreorioua A auoy onusry ‘dq
SILI ET 9 “IPA uosia
‘uyd =erpieorsoua A | -yoIq: twrersaur * A
Aowrafue Ny oseiy

suloqreg ‘dy

ueruosyoe [

adouna S€LVLS d1no CANVTAYVW NOLONIHSVM VINYOUTTVO OILNVILV
ee NE) ae NV

SVIGUVOIMEUNGA ANAOOT JO FAONAAANIOO

56 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

Chickasawan. The Ione formation is probably to be correlated
with the upper Chickasawan, while the upper Arago probably
runs as high as into the lower Claiborne.

The table, page 55, shows the various venericardias of the
Eocene, and their horizons correlated with one another.

CONCLUSIONS

The Chico strata of the Calabasas sheet are lithologically
like those of the northern Coast Ranges, and contain a similar
fauna. They consist of a lower sandstone and an upper shale
member, both of upper Chico age.

The Eocene lies unconformably on the Chico, and is repre-
sented by two distinct formations. The Martinez, or lower
Eocene, is faunally very distinct from the Tejon, or middle
Eocene, and apparently conformable with it. A slight uncon-
formity may exist.

The Martinez is, in part at least, to be correlated with the
Midway of the Gulf States, while the Tejon is more nearly to
be correlated with the lower Chickasawan, or lower Lignitic,
of the Gulf and Atlantic States.

List oF (UPPER) CHICO (CRETACEOUS) FossILs FROM THE
CALABASAS QUADRANGLE, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Ophiuroidea : PAGES
*Amphiura lymani, new species 2. ...............958, 170
Echinoidea:
TY Scutellar Species 20-25, cet cesemane oe ee nee sees 58, 110
Pelecypoda :
Acila truncata Gabb 2.0. 2/2.) aaee eee eee ae
Chione varians 'Gabbi3 oie. 22 2-222. deseo sees 108
Crassatellites conradianus Gabb 3................ 106
“Crassatellites triangulatus, new species 3.......... 59} 770
*Crassatellites tuscanus Gabb 2. ................. 59, 108

* Species known only in the Upper Chico.
7 Fauna from south of the Santa Monica Mountains. None of these fossils were
found north of the Simi Fault.
The numbers following specific names refer to the following localities marked on
the map, fig. 3, p. 51:
Chico area north of the Simi fault, near Ventura-Los Angeles county line.
2 Chico area in Bell’s Canyon, north of Simi fault.
3 Chico area south of the Santa Monica mountains.

Vor. VITJ WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 57

PAGES

Crassatellites uvasanay Gabber cs co. od se oe cae 108

Cucullza’ youngi;mewispecies)2) <i). 4.0..:.......59, 508

Dosinia milthoidea, new species 2. .............. 60, 708

Glycimeris veatchii Gabb 1, 2 and 3.............. 61, 108
“Inoceramus pembertoni, new species 3............ 61, 106

Inceceramus whitneyi/Gabbyois2<.420<. 6.640 cea. 62, 108

Isocardia chicoensis, new species 2............... 62, 108
MlLysis suciensis, Wihiteaves'2,.% 2/5 o.c!. ccc. oe vtec 62
*“Macrocallista cordata, new species 2............. 62, 108
"‘Mactra gabbiana Anderson 3: )..2....0 0.54.05. . 63, 108

Nemodon (Arca) breweriana (Gabb) 2.......... T06
*Pecten cowperi, new species 2. ................. 63, 106
“Pholadomya subelongata Meek 3................ 64
i Pinna ‘calamitoides:Shumardy she) st... 60. Vene a. 64, Tro

Mnigonia evansanaWieeke2ape vacua secs <7» <a: 65, 108
iVenus pentenwisyGabbyow nc donee uate sacs soc on on 60

Gastropoda :

Amchiraya(2))) Speciesy lemyriaare Mare Mele od 65
jAmauropsis ovitommis\Gabbi2. ve 65, IIo
s€ancellaria crassa, new species’ 2s 2... 0.64. a an 66, 110

Cinuhiaiobliqua;Gabp Zaye ra. Gite che 0s oc se 66, ITO
“Gyrodes canadensis Whiteaves 1................ 66, TIO
“Gyrodes compressus, new species 1. ............. 67, ITO
*Penissolax brevirostris:Gabb 1.02 6tc9 0.6 es. 67
Pugnellus rotundus, new species 3............... 67, IIo
HRostellites’cabbi Wihitenluer meee Ne he 68, rr0
"Solariaxis templetoni, new species 2............. 68, IIo
mURurias' plicatalmewrspecies|2 ain sinh a). ek 68, ITO

dharritella, chicoensis Gabbe: eraser vaiec! yo). cone. 69, Tro

Cephalopoda:

Baculites :chicoensis sbrasia les, one otis «cs «dass 69, ITO
“Hauericeras transitionale, new species 2.......... 69, ITO
Placenticeras californicum Anderson 3. .......... 70, 10
} Placenticeras|pacificunmSmithisyse al os... ... 2s. 70, TIO
*Placenticeras sanctzemonice, new SPECIESIOn cists Oks 70, 110

* Known only in the Upper Chico.
7 Fauna from south of the Santa Monica Mountains. None of these fossils were
found north of the Simi Fault.
The numbers following specific names refer to the following localities marked on
the map, fig Soups ute
1 Chico area north of the Simi fault, near Ventura-Los Angeles county line.
2 Chico area in Bell’s Canyon, north of Simi fault.
3 Chico area south of the Santa Monica mountains.

58 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES
Cutco (Upper CRETACEOUS)

All types and figured specimens are in the Leland Stanford
Jr. University Paleontological Collection.

Cotypes of new species are in the museum of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Locality 1—Chico area north of the Simi fault (near Ven-
tura-Los Angeles county line. ;

Locality 2—Chico area in Bell’s Canyon north of Simi fault.

Locality 3—Chico area south of the Santa Monica Moun-
tains.

None of these Chico species is known to occur in the Eocene.

OPHIUROIDEA

Amphiura lymani, new species.
Pl. 9, Fig. 13

A rather detailed impression of this brittle star was ob-
tained from the uppermost transitional shales of the Chico
formation, Locality 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll. Disc small,
diameter 4 mm., pentagonal in outline. Arms short, slightly
tapering. Arm spines sharp, and slightly longer than the
breadth of the brachial plates.

This species differs from Amphiura sanctecrucis Arnold,*°
in its smaller size, relatively shorter and less tapering arms,
and in the slenderness of the arm spines. The genus to which
the species belongs was kindly determined by Mr. Herbert
Lyman Clark of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in whose honor
the species is named.

ECHINOIDEA
Scutella (?) species.
Pl. 9, Fig. 14

A single fragment of a Scutella (?) was obtained from the
upper transitional shales of the Chico formation. The dorsal
section figured shows the plates and relative proportions.

80 Description of a new brittle star from the upper miocene of the Santa Cruz
Mountains, Calif. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, pp. 403-406, 1908.

Vor. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 59

PELECYPODA
Crassatellites triangulatus, new species.
PI. 9, Fig. 1

Shell thick, robust, triangular, convex; beaks broad, in-
curved, somewhat depressed; cardinal margin convex and
sloping to the posterior end which is subangular; anterior end
rounded below and deeply excavated above; basal margin
broadly convex; umbonal ridges rather square; surface
marked by concentric lines of growth.

This species somewhat resembles Gabb’s. Crassatella wva-
sana,** but the umbonal angle of the new species is smaller,
the umbonal ridges are more square, the ribbing covers the
entire shell, and the posterior extremity is more truncated.
ocality’3, Us Sa sue Pall? Coll?

Crassatellites tuscanus Gabb.

Pl. 8, Fig. 4

Astarte tuscana Gabb, Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 179, pl. 30, fig.
Zz.

Astarte tuscana Gabb, Geol. Surv. Canada, vol. 1, pt. 2, p.
160, pl. 18, fig. 6.

Shell moderate in size, elongate; umbone inconspicuous and
anterior; cardinal margin slightly convex and sloping gradu-
ally towards the posterior, which is broadly rounded; anterior
margin truncated and rounded and basal margin broadly con-
vex; surface ornamented by irregular fine to coarse lines of
growth, and where worn, by fine radial lines; beaks excavated
both posteriorly and anteriorly. Locality 2, L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.

Cucullza youngi, new species
Pl. 8, Fig. 12

Shell large, thick, ventricose; strongly convex, so that the
maximum umbonal breadth across both valves about equals

31 Geol. Surv. of Cal. Pal., vol. 1, p. 214, pl. 32, fig. 284.

60 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

the height, older individuals of this species tending to have
the height considerably greater than the length, thus differ-
ing from Cucull@a ponderosa Whiteaves.** Umbone broad,
curved slightly anteriorly, and deeply excavated both an-
teriorly and posteriorly; anterior margin broadly rounded,
basal margin nearly straight, posterior truncated; posterior
umbonal angle sharp; anterior umbonal angle broadly
rounded; hinge area broad and long, extending about two-
thirds length of shell; exterior of shell ornamented by fine
radial lines and fine irregular lines of growth, the lines of
growth obscuring the fine radial lines in older individuals.
The species is probably closely related to Cucull@a mathew-
sonit Gabb, of the Martinez. It differs in having much finer
ribs and broader umbone. Locality 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Named for Mr. H. W. Young of Stanford University.

Dosinia milthoidea, new species

Pl. 8, Fig. 5

Shell of medium thickness, circular and inflated; beak
small, excavated anteriorly; cardinal margin convex, sloping
into the circular posterior margin; anterior and basal margins
rounded; surface ornamented by fine concentric lines of
growth and three or four irregularly spaced major concentric
lines. Locality 2; L. S. J. U. Pal. Col:

Venus pertenuis Gabb

Dosinia pertenuis Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 167, pl. 30, fig.
203.

Our specimens of this species are about the size of the one
Gabb figured. The shell is thin and subcircular; the anterior
and basal margins form a regular curve, while the cardinal
margin is slightly arched and joins the posterior margin
with a small angle; an inward truncation of the cardinal bor-
der runs from the beaks to the posterior angle; surface
marked by fine concentric lines of growth. Locality 3, L. S.
J. UL Pal, ‘Coll:

32 Whiteaves, Geol. Surv. Canada, vol. 1, pt. 4, p. 294, pl. 38, figs. 1 and la.

VoL. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 61

Glycimeris veatchii Gabb

Pl. 8, Figs. 2, 7 and 8

Axinea veatchii Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 197, pl. 25, figs.
183-183a.

Pectunculus veatchii Gabb, 17th An. Rept. U. S. G. S., p.
1039, pl. 64, fig. 1.

Gabb’s original description is as follows: “Shell thick,
subglobose, equivalve and nearly equilateral; beaks large, in-
curved, central, approximate, with sides sloping downward,
anterior and basal margins regularly rounded; posterior end
rounded, or subtruncate, surface marked by 36 to 40 radiat-
ing ribs, very regular in size, a little the smallest anteriorly
and obsolete behind; a faint depression usually exists on the
posterior side of the umbones, which passes down and strikes
the middle of the posterior margin. Internal margin coarsely
crenulated. Hinge robust; teeth arranged radiately, the lat-
eral teeth largest and most widely separated. Area very
short and narrow.”

The radiating ribs in the young are usually narrower than
the interspaces, while in the adult they are broader. The

height of the shell is slightly greater than the length. Locali-
tieslysZ andyo.) eS Ws PaliGoll:

Inoceramus pembertoni, new species

Pl. 7, Figs. 7 and 8

This enormous Inoceramus has a iength of 22 cm. and a
breadth of 15 cm.; thickness of both valves about 10 cm.
Some of the prismatic layer of the shell is still present on the
buff sandstone cast which shows the valves to have been
oval in shape with straight cardinal margin posteriorly; beaks
prominent, approximate, and turn posteriorly; anterior mar-
gin robust and rounding, and grading into the slightly convex
basal margin; posterior margin presenting a jagged out-
line due to a single large wrinkle which is concave in the
right valve and convex in the left; surface ornamented by
about 20 coarse, rounded concentric ribs. From locality 3,

Sea UaballCollk

62 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

Named in honor of Mr. J. R. Pemberton, who directed the
work of the Stanford geological party during the summer of
1910.

Inoceramus whitneyi Gabb
Pl. 8 Fig. 9

Inoceramus whitneyi Gabb, Geol. Surv. of Cal., Pal., vol.
2; p. 193). ple 32, fig. 91.

The shell figured is medium in size, and subelliptical; beak
broken, but is anterior and was, no doubt, prominent; cardinal
margin straight and makes a sharp curve with the broadly
rounded posterior margin, which is continuous with the basal
and anterior margins; surface marked by prominent, smooth,
concentric ribs which are more widely spaced towards the
margins; shell pearly. Found at locality 3, L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.

Isocardia chicoensis, new species
Pl. 8, Fig. 3

Shell thick, robust, equivalve; margins circular in outline;
beaks prominent, approximate, and turned forwards; hinge-
line smooth; surface marked by coarse concentric lines of

growth, covering minute radial ribs which are seen on worn
parts of the shell. Locality 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Lysis suciensis Whiteaves

L. suciensis Whiteaves, Geol. Surv. Canada, vol. 1. pt. 5,
p. 367, pl. 45, fig. 3.

The single specimen found is partially a cast, so any ex-
ternal sculpture has been lost. In form, spire, smooth sur-
face, and inner lip, the specimen is very close to Whiteaves’s
species. The specimen is too poor to figure. Locality 2, L.
S.J. We Pal. Coll:

Macrocallista cordata, new species

Pl. 8, Fig. 1

Shell cordate, thick, flattened, much longer than high; an-
terior margin broadly rounded, about same as posterior car-

Vor, VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 63

dinal margin, with which it makes a sharp smooth curve;
umbone small and depressed; surface ornamented by large
concentric lines of growth. Locality 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Mactra gabbiana Anderson
Pl. 8, Fig. 11

M. gabbiana Anderson, Proc. Cal. Acad., 3rd Series, vol.
2, No. 1, p. 74, pl. 7, fig. 156, 1902.

Shell thick, deeply sculptured by evenly spaced concentric
lines. Posterior cardinal margin straight; anterior cardinal
margin excavated; basal margin broadly curved; extremities

sharply curved. Beaks depressed and turned forward. Lo-
cality ss Es SaitUePales Coll:

Pecten (Propeamusium) cowperi, new species

Pl. 7, Figs. 1 and 2

This species is easily recognized as being closely allied to
Gabb’s Pecten interradiatus of the Eocene. The shell is
small, subcircular, equivalve, equilateral, compressed, thin;
upper valve, ears equal, moderately large; lower (right) valve,
right ear long, deeply and narrowly emarginate; right valve
with about nine large internal ribs, equally spaced, which are
rounded and extend from the umbone nearly to the margin
where they are abruptly truncated; external surface orna-
mented with many fine equally spaced concentric lines; upper
valve with four to eight rather large rounded internal riblets
which extend from the umbone nearly to margins; external
surface marked by many fine radial ribs which are nearly ob-

solete near the anterior and posterior of the shell. Locality
2b Ss UW PaliGok

This species has also been found by the writer in the Chico
shales of the Tesla sheet. Probably the unnamed Pecten*
allied to P. interradiatus from “Road cutting below Prof.
Richer’s house at mouth of Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley.

*U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper No. 47, p. 54.

64 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4rH Ser.

Cutting now walled up. A. C. L. Cretaceous shale,” belongs
to this species.

Named in honor of Dr. Andrew Cowper Lawson of the
University of California.

Pholadomya subelongata Meek

P. subelongata Meek, 1857; Tr. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, p. 42.

P. brewerit Gabb, 1864; Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 152, pl. 22,
fig. 123.

P. royana Whiteaves, 1879; Geol. Surv. Canada, vol. 1, pt.
2, p. 140.

Shell ovate or subquadrate, compressed; beaks anterior,
moderate in size; posterior extremity rounded, sub-truncate ;
posterior cardinal border nearly straight and gently sloping;
basal margin slightly convex. The anterior margin of the
left valve found is missing so the exact number of ribs can
not be told; 16 ribs can be counted, however, and there were
probably at least 25 which radiated from the beak and are
crossed by fine lines of growth. The ribs are obsolete near
the posterior cardinal margin. Locality 3, L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.

Since Whiteaves has shown the wide variation in the num-
ber of ribs on P. royana and believes it to be the same as
P. subelongata, there seems no reason for retaining Gabb’s
name, P. brewerii, as a different species.

Pinna calamitoides Shumard
Pl. 9, Fig. 4

P. calamitoides Shumard, Trans. Ac. Sc. St. Louis, vol. 1,
p. 124, 1858. (From Vancouver Island.)

P. calamitoides Shumard, Geol. Sury. Canada, vol. 1, pt.
2, p. 167, pl. 20, figs. 1, la, and 1b, 1879. (From Sucia
Island. )

P. brewerii Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 195, pl. 32, fig. 93,
1869. (From the Chico of California. )

Shell elongated, triangular, compressed, slightly curved;
angle of divergence of sides about 30°; a strongly marked
rib near middle of valve, on one side of which are eleven

VoL. VII] WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 65

slender, rounded, longitudinal, radiating ribs; on the other
side are three of these radial ribs, and starting from the mar-
gin are other ribs which make an angle of about 30 degrees
with the margin and curve inwards towards the midrib.
Locality 3. There seem to be no characteristic differences be-
tween Shumard’s and Gabb’s species, so they are placed under
the earlier species name.

Trigonia evansana Meek
Pl. 8, Fig. 6

T. evansi Meek, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 189, pl. 25, fies 177.

“Shell trigonal, produced behind; beaks anterior, subter-
minal, very prominent, strongly incurved; anterior end con-
vexly truncated, very broad laterally; basal margin prom-
inently rounded in the middle. Sloping upwards posteriorly
straight to the posterior end, which is narrow and round:
cardinal margin concave, nearly straight behind. Corslet bor-
dered by a rounded double rib crossed by small transverse lines,
and marked on its surface by about eighteen small oblique ribs ;
remainder of the surface marked by about twenty large prom-
inent ribs, slightly radiating, but nearly parallel posteriorly.”

The posterior end of the figured specimen is broken off, as
is part of the corslet. Locality 2. L. S. JW Pals Colt:

GASTROPODA
Anchura, species ?
This species resembles A. transversa Gabb,** in the follow-
ing characteristics: Shell large, fusiform, spire elevated;
whorls rounded, suture deep; surface of whorls strongly can-

cellated by longitudinal and transverse ribs: canal long and
straight. Locality 1. L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Amauropsis oviformis Gabb
Pl. 9, Fig. 9
A. oviformis Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 109, pl. 19, fig. 63.
Shell ovoid; spire rather elevated: six rounded whorls ;
suture slightly channelled; aperture moderate, acute pos-
83.4, transversa Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 165, pl. 27, fig. 45.

66 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser.

teriorly, expanded in advance; columella faintly incrusted ;
umbilicus imperforate; surface marked by irregular lines of
growth. Locality 2. L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Cancellaria crassa, new species
Pl. 9, Fig. 5

Shell thick, robust, broadly fusiform; spire low, a little
more than half as high as the aperture; whorls six, angu-
lated; sides flattened, upper surface sloping; suture distinct,
impressed; surface ornamented by longitudinal folds, 11 on
the last whorl, which slant towards the back and are crossed
by spiral lines; aperture moderate in size; outer lip simple;
inner lip incrusted and bears two distinct folds. Locality 2.

LS: U2 RalaGoll:

Cinulia obliqua Gabb
Pl. 9, Fig. 2

C. obliqua Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 111, pl. 19, figs. 64
and 64a, b, c.

“Shell subglobose, obliquely truncated below; whorls four,
rounded; suture distinct. Surface ornamented by numerous
fine revolving ribs, with deep interspaces, which are divided
into minute, square compartments by cross-bars, which do not
rise to the level of the ribs. Outer lip heavy, smooth and
sinuous. Columella coated by a heavy callus which unites
at both ends with the lip, and bears a large fold anteriorly.”
The specimen figured is a large one of the species. Locality 2.

eS: Je Ue balColl:

Gyrodes canadensis Whiteaves
Pl. 9, Fig. 7

Gyrodes excavatus \Whiteaves, Geol. Surv. Canada, vol. 1,
pt. 2, pl. 16, figs. 2 and 2a.

G. canadensis Whiteaves, Geol. Surv. Can., vol. 1, pt. 5. p.
365.

Shell small, moderately thin, depressed, subglobose, about
as wide as high; spire short; whorls four, the outer two trun-
cated horizontally near the suture and concavely constricted

Vor. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 67

immediately below the angle, which is subacute, and swells
out widely near, or a little below it; base obliquely and some-
what concavely truncated, on the inner side; umbilicus widely
and deeply funnel-shaped, with a distinctly carinated margin;
aperture longer than wide, outer lip simple; inner lip nearly
straight; surface marked by fine lines of growth. Locality

We eS) We Pal. Coll!

Gyrodes compressus, new species
Pl. 9, Fig. 6

Shell medium size, thick, subglobose, about as wide as high;
spire depressed nearly to the level of third whorl and narrow;
whorls four, the outer two sharply rounded near the suture
and concavely constricted immediately below the rounded
part; aperture subcircular, but angulated at the top; umbilicus
small; surface marked by coarse lines of growth. Locality

ane: Se UiebaliCollk

Perissolax brevirostris Gabb

P. brevirostris Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 91, pl. 18, fig. 43.

“Shell short, robust, thick; spire of moderate height;
whorls five, enveloped, such that only the upper part of the in-
ner whorls are visible. Suture distinct, bordered below by a
carina, or swelling of the upper part of the whorl. Apical
angle variable, usually obtuse.” Surface marked by short
longitudinal folds on the body-whorl, crossed by distinct
raised spiral ribs which are biggest at the base of the body-
whorl. Two or three blunt tubercles on each fold are con-
nected by low rounded ribs. Mouth wide above and narrows
suddenly into a long slender canal. Columella incrusted and
somewhat undulated in the middle.

A single fragmentary specimen of this species was found in
the Chico sandstone. Locality 1. L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Pugnellus rotundus, new species
Pl. 9, Fig. 10
Shell robust, spire moderately high; whorls five, rounded,

ornamented by fine spiral lines on the upper whorls; body-
whorl ornamented by a row of small tubercles just above the

68 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER

center and by fine wavy spiral lines and fine lines of growth.
Loeality:3.. “L.S. Jv Us Pal. Coll,

The specimen found is a young one. The adult form prob-
ably develops an incrustation which covers part of the body-
whorl. The species differs mainly from Gabb’s species** in
that the whorls of his species are angulated.

Rostellites gabbi White (fide Whiteaves)
Pl. 9, Fig. 8

Rostellites gabbi White, Whiteaves, Geol. Surv. of Canada,
vol. 1; pt. 5, p. 356:

Shell large, fusiform, thick, tapering nearly equally from
the middle towards both extremities. Spire rather short and
conical; the three or four nuclear whorls smooth; body-whorl
marked by spirally arranged nodules on longitudinal folds;
aperture long and moderately broad, terminating in a well de-
fined canal; columella marked by about three oblique folds.
Locality 1. L.S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Since Dr. Dall*® has based specific differences on the
nucleus of the volutoid series, the nomenclature of this
species, formerly called Volutoderma, has been changed to
conform with his classification.

Solariaxis templetoni, new species
Pl. 9, Fig. 22

Shell small, globular, thin, pearly; spire short; umbilicus
scalar, the umbilical wall with a rib between the umbilical
carina (basal margin of the umbilicus) and the suture above;
umbilical carina annulate; surface ornamented by spiral lines.
Aperture ovate. Locality 2. L.S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Named for Mr. Eugene Templeton of Palo Alto.

Turris plicata, new species
Pl. 9, Fig. 3
Shell thick, elongate, fusiform, spire high, whorls seven,
suture indistinct. Whorls marked by rounded folds, as large
as the interspaces, which run slightly diagonally backward,

4 P_hamulus Gabb. Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 124, pl. 18, fig. 48, and pl. 20, fig. 81.
3 Tran. Wag. Free Inst., vol. 50, p. 69, etc.

Vor. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 69

and are crossed by distinct spiral ribs which also cover the
canal. Aperture elongated, widest above and tapering down
to the canal!) Locality.2.), LS. J. U:/Pal. Coll.

Turritella chicoensis Gabb
Pl. 9, Fig. 12

Shell variable in size, elongate; number of whorls variable
with age, usually about nine; whorls rounded and sometimes
flattened on upper half; ornamented by six or seven spiral
ribs; between which are minute spiral lines; suture deep;
under surface of body whorl slightly convex and usually
marked by fine revolving lines. Locality 2. L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.

CEPHALOPODA

Baculites chicoensis Trask
Pl. 9) Fig: 11

Baculites chicoensis Trask, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol.
1, pt. 2, p. 93, pl. 2, fig. 2, 1856, Chico Creek, Cal.

Shell elongated, slightly tapering, section ovoid, dorsal side
narrowest; sides ornamented by curved ribs with convexity
downwards and longest limb on the dorsal side; under surface
marked by septaee which may be seen in the figure. The

mouth and lower part of the specimen are missing. Locality
20) Los. Ue Pal€oll:

Hauericeras transitionale, new species
Pl. 9, Fig. 15

Shell compressed, nearly circular; whorls six, abruptly de-
pressed at the umbilical margin; venter keeled; surface
smooth with five broad transverse grooves to a revolution;
these grooves turning slightly forward at the umbilical mar-
gin and backward on the back. Locality 2. L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.

This species seems very close to Ammonites gardeni
Stoliczka*®®. H. gardeni Baily” differs by having closely spaced
sickle-shaped lines of growth.

H1. transitionale is confined to the upper shales of the Chico
formation.

36 Ammonites gardeni Stoliczka, 1865, Cret. Cephal. S. India, p. 61, pl. 33, fig. 4.
87 Quat. Jour. Geol. Soc. Lon., vol. 11, p. 156, pl. 11, fig. 3.

70 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

Placenticeras californicum Anderson
Pl. 9, Figs. 16 and 17

P. californicum Anderson, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Third
Series Geology, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 78, pl. 8, figs. 173-7, 1902.

Shell discoidal, compressed, narrowing regularly from um-
bilical margin outwards; marked by coarse ribs which tend to
develop a row of tubercles near the umbilical region, and
two rows near the outer margin which are elongate and nar-
row; ribs turning forward on leaving the umbilicus and
then backward about center of side of coil, then gently for-
ward near the peripheral angle, only about every other one of
these ribs extending whole way across shell, the other half
arising about halfway between the others from middle of side
and extending to peripheral angle as do the others; space be-
tween tubercles at periphery flattened, its width equal to
about one-third thickness of shell. Locality 3. L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

Placenticeras pacificum Smith
Pl. 9, Figs. 18 and 19

P. pacificum Smith, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Third Series,
Geol., vol. 1, pp. 207-210, pls. 25-28, 1900.

Shell discoidal, involute, compressed, and moderately
smooth; under surface ornamented with sickle-shaped ribs;
peripheral angle sharp and back slightly concave, giving it a
double-keeled appearance. Figured specimen from locality 3,
in L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll. Found at locality 3. Also near
Henley, Cal.; in the Santa Ana Mountains, and in Arroyo del
Valle, Cal. This species differs from P. californicum in its
ornamentation; it may be the same as Placenticeras subtilis-
trialum Jimbo.**

Placenticeras sanctemonice, new species
Pl. 9, Figs. 20 and 21

This species is intermediate between P. californicum An-
derson and P. pacificum Smith. The external surface is orna-
mented by strong sickle-shaped ribs, which are separated by

88 Paleontologische Abhandlungen, 1894; Kotora Jimbo; p. 25, pl. 1, figs. 1 and la.

Vor. VII] WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 7A |

deeply channeled interspaces; ends of ribs abruptly termin-
ated at outer edge and forming a chain of elongated tubercles
on either edge of the squared back, as keels; thus differing
from Placenticeras pacificum, which has only faint keels, and
only slightly channeled interspaces between the ribs. None
of these tubercles is developed on the sides as in Placenticeras
californicum. The young of the three species show the dif-
ferences more pronounced. The young of Placenticeras
sanctemonice has fine ribs with deeply impressed interspaces,
and Placenticeras californicum has very coarse ribs which are
knotted near the inner margin and tuberculated near the outer
margin. Locality 8. L. S. J.-U. Pal. Coll.

List oF MARTINEZ FossILs FROM THE CALABASAS
QUADRANGLE, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

None of these Martinez species occurs in the Chico.

Anthozoa : PAGES
Flabellum remondianum Gabb, 4................. 73, 118
Trochocyathus zitteli Vaughan, 5................ 73, 116

Brachiopoda:

Kingena simiensis, new species, 4................ 73, T16

Pelecypoda :

‘Cardium ‘cooperit"Gabb,v4e eins hieke sce els as ones 74, 118
Crassatellites branneri Waring, 4................ 74, 120
Crassatellites erandissGaDbiv4ine wien see sn icc es 74, 116
Cucullzsa mathewsonii Gabb, 5.................. 75,070
Glycimeris' veatchi mayor, Stanton) 2. '........0-.. FDsl he
Leda:alsstormis;Gabby4iyes Aaseene se css bec ace es 76, I16
ibedapabbi Conrad ea cuhiven ey seine oo, xo ain sacs 76, 118
hima pernimi, new Species, Ac vasvarieigas «as. «we nis 76, 12
Macrocallista stantoni, new species, 4............ 77, 120
Miltha parsonsi, new species, 4. ................ 78, 116
Opis ‘virginalis; mew: Species, 4.50.7) 6c. < s+ eee eck 78, 120
Ostrea:tdricensis(Gabb5e le vere ola.c a cs oe cae 78, 118
Periplomasundulifera/'Gabbe Se. e's oe. cc a 79

* Species found also in the Tejon.
The numbers following specific names refer to the following localities marked on
the map, fig. 3, p. 51:

Loc. 4 Martinez area in the Simi Hills, Ventura County.
Loc. 5 Martinez area, south of the Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County.
Loc. 6 Tejon north of secondary fault in the Simi Hills, Ventura County.
Loc. 7 Tejon from south of the Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County.
Loc. 8 Tejon from the McCray wells, Ventura County.

oh CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

PAGES
Pholadomya:nasuta Gabby 4... 4..o5-0s2.e5es00% 116
~Psammobia -hositicGabb, 4), jaca cs ean Pat ve a 120
Septiter elesans new ‘Species, 9. =. ae.eces seule o> 79120
Solenstantoni Woeavere4 Maar seerreteiee tts oe 79
Spisula cequilateralis, new species, 4. ............ 80, 120
Tellina mathewsoni Gabb, 4.-..0..02..0:-0e0s08
Venericardia planicosta venturensis, new subspecies,
Arte ed tas areieet. ene a dots athe eben ebro lao gewaN es NERS, Sor 80, 114
Scaphopoda:
' Dentaliuni cooper Gabby 4) «0. 225. see cased 81
Gasteropoda :
Acton merriami, new species, 4................ 81, 720
Amauropsis martinezensis Dickerson, 4........... I20
Bathytoma boundeyi, new species, 4.............. 81
Brachysphingus sinuatus Gabb, 4................ 82, 118
Gylichna costata \Gabb, 4. 2.22. 210...2 05.2.0 00" 82, 122
Cyprzea(O? especies, Ge &./.5. vacteuse. ners eaters eters
Fasciolaria. mucronata Gabb;, 5.0 4...02..... 008% 83, 116
Ficus plectatus, mew species, 4.1.25. .).cn0 am «eel $3, 176
Gyrodes robustus, new species, 4..............-. 84, 118
Heteroterma trochoidea 'Gabb, 5. 2% -jece see ene: 84
Lyria hannibali, new species, 4.003222.) ae ens 84, 116
Olivella spissa, new Species, 45.002. .c8 250. 0545 85, 116
*Perissolax blakei Conrad, 4.................... 85, 178
“Polymices hornii (Gabb), 4...6..4 .se0osses secs 86, 118
Pseudoliva howardi (Dickerson), 4.............. 86, 116
Retipirula crassitesta Gabb, 4 and 5.............. 83, 118
Sinum dickersoni, new species, 4. ......:.......- 86, 120
Trachytriton titan, new species, 4................ 87, 120
Turritella maccreadyi Waring, 4.2.2.2 5..44 cece e 87, 116
Turritella pachecoensis Stanton, 4, 5, and 8....... 88, 116
Turritella reversa, new species, 4................ 88, 116
Turritella simiensis, new species, 4 and 6. ........ 88, 120
Cephalopoda :
Nautilus hallidayi Waring, 4................... 89, 118
Pisces :
Lamina clavataAgassiz, 4... eee esas mee 89, 116

* Species found also in the Tejon.
The numbers following specific names refer to the following localities marked on
the map, fig. 3, p. 51:

Loc. 4 Martinez area in the Simi Hills, Ventura County.
Loc. 5 Martinez area, south of the Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County.
Loc. 6 Tejon north of secondary fault in the Simi Hills, Ventura County.
Loc. 7 Tejon from south of the Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County.
Loc. 8 Tejon from the McCray wells, Ventura County.

Vor. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 73

MarTINEz (LOWER EocENE) FossILs

All types and original specimens are in the Leland Stanford
Jr. University Paleontological collection.

Cotypes of the new species are in the museum of the Cali-
tornia Academy of Sciences.

Locality 4, Martinez area in the Simi Hills, Ventura County.

Locality 5, Martinez area south of the Santa Monica Moun-
tains, Los Angeles County.

ANTHOZOA

Flabellum remondianum Gabb
Pl. 135 Figs 5

F. remondianum Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 207, pl. 26, fig.
199.

F. remondianum Gabb, U. S. G. S. 17th An. Rept., pt. 1, p.
1036, pl. 63, figs. 1 and 2.

Gabb’s description is as follows: “Polypidom triangular,
convex on all sides, acute and straight on the lateral margins ;
sides marked by eight or nine prominent radiating ribs, with
regularly concave interspaces.” There are usually two or
three smaller costz, or ribs, between the larger ones which are
welded along the longer transverse axis. Locality 4, L. S. J.

U. Pal. Coll.

Trochocyathus zitteli Vaughan
Pl. 12, Fig. 1
A single horn-shaped specimen preserved in yellow sandstone
shows the circular cross section. The septa are stout; colu-

mella papillous and trabecular, and surrounded by several cycles
Of pali., \ Locality 5; 5'S.jeUs Pals Coll:

BRACHIOPODA
Kingena simiensis, new species
Pl. 12, Fig. 11

This species resembles somewhat Kingena occidentalis Whit-
eaves*’ but the lower margin of the shell is rounded and not
39 Geol. Surv. of Canada, vol. 1, pt. 5, p. 404, pl. 51, figs. 7 and 7a, 1903.

74 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Sex.

truncated as is K. occidentalis. Ventral valve slightly more con-
vex than the dorsal, and the umbone short and incurved ; beaks
of both valves divided longitudinally by a median septum that
extends about halfway to the front margin. Locality 4, L. S.
J. U. Pal. Coll.

PELECYPODA

Cardium cooperii Gabb
Pl. 13, Fig. 3

C. cooperii Gabb, Pal. Cal. Sci., vol. 1, p. 172, pl. 24, fig.
154a.

Shell broad, cordate, equilateral ; beaks small, central, prom-
inent; cardinal margins sloping and rounded on both sides;
base. regularly convex; surface marked by many minute,
rounded radiating ribs, which are larger on posterior third of
shell. Locality 4. This species occurs also in the Tejon. L.

S.J. Us Pale Coll!

Crassatellites branneri Waring
Pl. 14, Fig. 17

Crassatellites branneri Waring, Jour. Geol., vol. 22, no. 8,
pp. 782-6, Nov.-Dec., 1914.

Shell very large, trigonal, slightly longer than high; beaks
subcentral, prominent, deeply excavated front and back, in-
curved, with sides sloping equally and rapidly, most abrupt in
advance, slightly convex behind; lunule cordate; anterior end
broadly rounded; posterior truncated and flattened from the
umbonal ridge to the cardinal and posterior margins; surface
marked by lines of growth and fine radiating lines which are
especially apparent on worn specimens. Locality 4, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

Named in honor of Dr. J. C. Branner of Stanford Uni-
versity.

Crassatellites grandis Gabb
Pl. 12, Fig. 16
C. grandis Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 181, pl. 24, fig. 163.

Shell large, longer than high; beaks prominent; excavated
both anteriorly and posteriorly; anterior cardinal margin slop-

Vor. VIT) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 75

ing steeply; anterior margin rounded; posterior cardinal mar-
gin sloping gradually; posterior margin truncated; basal mar-
gin slightly convex; umbonal ridge faint; exterior marked by
fine lines of growth, with obscured radial ribs; hinge with two
large teeth anteriorly. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Cucullza mathewsonii Gabb

Pl. 12, Figs. 14, 18 and 19

C. mathewsonii Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 195, pl. 31, fig. 266.

C. mathewsonti Gabb, 17 An. Rept. U. S. G. S., pt. 1, p.
1039, pl. 64, figs. 4 and 5.

Shell large, thick, gibbous, subquadrate, rounded in front and
on the base; truncated posteriorly ; beaks large, subcentral and
incurved; area long and wide; hinge line nearly as long as
greatest length of shell; surface marked by many small rounded
ribs, sometimes grooved longitudinally ; ribs very fine, posterior
of umbonal angle; fine lines of growth cross radial ribs; basal
margin of large specimens figured are truncated and marked
by coarse lines of growth, probably due to age. Locality 5, L.

Ss). Uy, Pal, ‘Coll:

Glycimeris veatchi major Stanton

Pl. 10, Figs. 3 and 4

G. veatchi var. major Stanton, 17 An. Rept. U. S. G. S., pt.
1, p. 1040, pl. 64, figs. 2 and 3.

The specimens of this subspecies are much smaller than
those of the Chico species, Glycimeris veatchiit Gabb, of the
southern area. The shells of the specimens are thinner than in
the Chico species and are nearly equivalve. Cardinal margins
sloping steeply ; posterior slope somewhat truncated ; very faint
depressions in posterior sides of umbones pass down and strike
middle of posterior margin. In the Chico form these depres-
sions are very marked. Hinge robust and teeth arranged radi-
ately ; area short and narrow ; surface ornamented with rounded
radial ribs wider than interspaces. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.

76 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4rH Ser.

Leda aleformis (Gabb)
Pl. 12, Fig. 12

Corbula aleformis Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 177, pl. 29, fig.
63.

The shell is small and thin, rounded anteriorly and narrowed
posteriorly; beak forward of the middle, posterior cardinal
margin slightly concave, bordered by a broad groove extending
from the beaks to the posterior end; basal margin broadly

rounded; surface ornamented by fine prominent concentric
ribbing. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Leda gabbi Conrad
Pl. 13, Fig. 6

L. gabbi Conrad, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 197; vol. 1, p. 199, pl.
26, fig. 185.

This species is much more slender than L. aleformis Gabb,
and the posterior cardinal margin is usually produced to a point
where it joins the broadly convex basal margin; surface marked
by many concentric lines, much finer than in L. aleformis. Lo-
cality 4. This species occurs also in the Tejon. L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

Lima perrini Waring
Pl. 10, Figs. 1, la, and 2

Lima perrini Waring, Jour. of Geol., vol. 22, No. 8, Nov.-
Dec., 1914, p. 782.

This giant circular Lima has a thick shell with nacreous, and
outer prismatic layer; umbones small; cardinal margin sloping
gradually to posterior where it becomes rounded and grades
into the circular margin below; beaks slightly excavated in
front, the margin sloping at a 35-degree angle into the round
anterior margin; hinge very thick, with a deep wedge-shaped
ligament pit sloping from interior edge of*shell to exterior
edge at anterior end of hinge line; a single large sub-posterior
muscle impression marking interior of shell; surface orna-
mented by many fine radiating lines, the prismatic shell layer
giving the surface a silken appearance. It belongs to the sub-
genus Acesta. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Vor. VII) WARING--STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 77

Named in honor of Dr. J. Perrin Smith of Stanford Uni-
versity.

Since this manuscript was prepared, Lima haseltinei Dicker-
son, has been described,*® from the Martinez in the Mount
Diablo quadrangle, with the statement that it is the same
species as a Lima found by the Stanford Geol. Survey in the
Martinez just north of the Calabasas quadrangle. The writer
does not believe that the two species are the same. In compar-
ing them, conclusions must necessarily be drawn from a com-
parison of the two specimens themselves and from the figures
and descriptions of them. The figure of Lima haseltinei Dick-
erson (plate 8, fig. 2), is not even similar to Lima perrini War-
ing, and one can judge little better by comparison of the speci-
mens themselves. The small specimen (pl. 9, fig. 11) included
by Dickerson in his description of L. haseltinei could not pos-
sibly be L. perrini, and the writer has doubts as to its belonging
even to the same genus. In his description, however, Dr.
Dickerson has combined the characteristics of his two speci-
mens in a description of his type, the larger specimen, although
he apparently questions the identity of the two specimens him-
self. In his description, Lima haseltinei is described as having
square ribs. Lima perrini has distinctly fine linear ribs, is pro-
portionately higher than long, and one-third larger, besides
having a very different hinge-line. Since the type specimen of
Lima perrini is a right valve and the type specimen of Lima
haseltinei a left valve, no positive determination can be made at
this time. When more specimens are found at both localities, it
will either prove or disprove the identity of the two; but until
then it is best to consider them as distinct species.

Macrocallista stantoni, new species

Pl. 14, Figs. 1 and 6

Shell ovate-trigonal, porcellanous; umbones prominent, in-
curved, and excavated anteriorly; anterior margin broadly
curved ; basal margin broadly convex; posterior sharply curved
and slightly produced at the base of the umbonal ridge which is
prominent and near the posterior cardinal margin; surface

*° Univ. Cal. Bul. Dept. Geol., vol. 8, no. 6, p. 126, pl. 8, fig. 2, 1914.

78 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

ornamented by regularly and closely spaced concentric ribs.
Locality 4, I. S: J. Us Pal. Coll.

Named in honor of Dr. T. W. Stanton of the U. S. Geolog-
ical Survey.

Miltha parsonsi, new species
, Pl. 12, Fig. 13

Shell sub-circular, convex, rather thick; beak small, pointed,
depressed and turned forward; anterior cardinal margin
straight and sloping, making a sharp angle with the broadly
rounded anterior margin; posterior cardinal margin convex
and sloping into broadly rounded posterior margin; surface
marked by six major concentric lines of growth and fine con-
centric ribs. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Named in honor of Mr. B. F. Parsons of Taft.

Opis virginalis, new species
Pl. 14, Fig. 4

Shell small, oblique, cordate in profile, triangular; valves
equal, higher than long; beaks submedian, prominent, incurved,
and approximate ; surface divided by a sharply angular umbonal
ridge into two areas, the posterior of which is flattened and
narrow, while the anterior is broadly convex and about twice as
wide as the posterior area; anterior margin broadly rounded ;
base of margin broadly curved and extending to end of um-
bonal ridge where it makes an angle of about 80 degrees with
the truncated and deflected posterior end; surface marked by
flattened, equally spaced concentric ribs, which are separated by
fine interspaces. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

This species is very similar to O. triangulatus (Cooper ),*' of
the Chico, but is broader at the base, more full anteriorly, has a
longer beak, and is less angulated.

Ostrea idrizensis Gabb
Pl. 13, Fig. 10

O. idriensis Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 203, pl. 33, fig.
103b, c, and d., pl. 34, fig. 103, 103a.

41 Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Second Series, vol. 6, p. 332, pl. 47, fig. 7, 1896.

Vor. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 79

Shell medium size, thick, oblique, curved; ventral valve
larger and more convex than the upper; surface rough and
somewhat squamose. Loc. 5. This species occurs also in the
Mejon formation Li Siy. Us Pal Coll:

Periploma undulifera (Gabb )

Tellina undulifera Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 183, pl. 30,
fig. 74.

Shell medium size, thin, convex, inequilateral, broadly
rounded in advance, tapering behind; beaks about two-fifths
of length from anterior end and rather sharp; anterior cardinal
margin sloping rapidly, posterior cardinal margin sloping, with
slight convexity, gradually to posterior sharply curved end;
basal margin broadly rounded and sloping upwards with
slight convexity, to posterior end; surface marked by broad
rounded concentric ribs which are somewhat undulate. Loe. 5.
Ess J. Us Pal Coll

Septifer elegans, new species

Pl. 14, Fig. 2

Shell small, oblique, subquadrate ; cardinal margin straight,
anterior and posterior submargins subparallel, base irregularly
convex ; anterior side abruptly truncated, at an acute angle, to
rest of surface; surface marked, posterior to this angle, by
many fine radiating ribs. This species differs from S.
dichotomus Gabb* in having fine radial sculpture.

Mytilus dichotomus Cooper * is probably of this species.

Loc. 8. This species occurs also in the Martinez. L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

Solen stantoni Weaver

S. stantoni Weaver, Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cal., vol. 4,
Pelleriply 12s few

Shell thin, elongated, moderately convex; cardinal margin
straight and nearly parallel to the slightly convex basal margin ;
posterior margin rounded and gaping; anterior margin
crumpled and basal margin tapered to it; beak anterior, a

42 Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 186, pl. 30, fig. 261.
*8 Cal. State Min. Bureau, Bull. no. 4, p. 49, pl. 5, fig. 64.

80 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

sharp constriction running from it nearly perpendicular to
the basal margin; surface marked by fine concentric lines of
growth. Loc. 4.

The anterior end of the shell is slightly more produced than
Weaver’s figure shows.

Spisula zquilateralis, new species

Pl. 14, Fig. 8

Shell small, convex, equilateral, trigonal; beaks adjacent,
sharp, with sides sloping equally either way ; ligament sagitate ;
basal margin broadly curved; surface marked by fine lines of
growth; umbonal ridges sharp. Martinez formation at Loc.

4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Venericardia planicosta venturensis, new subspecies

Pl. 11, Figs. 6-9

Shell large, thick, cordate, deeply convex, altitude greater
than the length; beaks large, turned forward, nearly touching ;
lunule small; anterior cardinal margin deeply excavated in
front of beaks, short and convex, joining the broadly convex
anterior margin at a slight angle; posterior cardinal margin
deeply grooved and broadly convex; posterior margin con-
vexly truncated; surface ornamented by 25-30 large, square
shouldered ribs, which are strong clear to the margins, with
deep squared interspaces; posterior ribs narrow and indistinct;
entire surface marked by wrinkled lines of growth. Locality
4, U.S: J.U. Pal. Coll.

This subspecies exhibits characteristics different from any of
this genus previously found on the Pacific Coast. It is probably
characteristic of the Martinez, or lower Eocene. It resembles
very closely V. planicosta Harris** from the Midway of Ala-
bama and Georgia.

Its chief distinguishing features are the prominent truncation
of the submargins, narrowness and squareness of ribs compared
with the later forms, and a nearly constant relation between the
altitude and length, the former being slightly greater. It is

“ Bull. Am. Pal. no. 4, 1896, p. 58, pl. 4, fig. 13.

Vor, VIT] WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 81

readily distinguished from that in the Tejon, or upper Eocene.
A typical specimen of V. planicosta venturensis measures 73
mm. in height and 67 mm. in length, while a similarly perfect
specimen of V’. planicosta hornii measures 82 mm. in height
and 100 mm. in length.

SCAPHOPODA
Dentalium cooperii Gabb

D. cooperti Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 139, pl. 31, fig. 100.
Shell tubular, symmetrically tapering, slightly curved; aper-
ture circular or elliptical ; open at both ends; surface smooth
and polished, and large specimens sometimes show longi-
tudinal impressed lines. The thickness of the shell varies in-
dividually, but is usually thick. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
This species occurs also in the Tejon formation.

GASTEROPODA

Actzon merriami, new species

Pl. 14, Fig. 11

Shell very small, subovate, spire rather high; whorls five,
regularly rounded ; suture channeled ; surface of whorls marked
by narrow revolving ribs; outer lip simple; inner lip marked
by revolving ribs; aperture elongate, anterior round and wide,
posterior angular. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

This species is smaller, and higher in proportion to the diam-
eter than A. lawsoni Weaver.*® Named in honor of Dr. Ee:
Merriam of the University of California.

Bathytoma boundeyi, new species

Shell small, broadly fusiform, spire elevated; whorls six,
angulated in the middle, sloping and slightly concave above,
slightly convex below; numerous fine revolving linear ribs
above the angle, and below are four, subacute revolving ribs
with broad concave interspaces; fine ribs also cover the base of
the canal; aperture broad above, narrowing into the slender

“ Bull. Dept. Geol. U. C., vol. 4, pl. 13, fig. 10.

82 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4ru Ser.

canal, the end of which is broken; inner lip slightly incrusted ;
surface covered, besides the revolving ribs, by fine lines of
growth. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

This species resembles very much Gabb’s Helicaulax costata*®
of the Martinez formation, but shows no sign of a posterior
canal, and the ornamentation is finer.

Named for Mr. E. J. Boundey of San Jose, California.

Brachysphingus sinuatus Gabb
Pl. 13, Figs. 7 and 8

B. sinuatus Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 156, pl. 26, fig. 35.

Shell short, thick, subovate; spire low; whorls five, nearly
hidden by outer whorl; suture variable, in some specimens
linear and in others deep and bordered by a thickening of the
succeeding whorl; body-whorl swollen in the middle, and
marked by sinuous longitudinal lines of growth which slant
slightly from the top towards the back; minute revolving lines
cover the anterior of the body-whorl; aperture broad in the
middle, acute behind, and narrowed in front where it is
notched; a fold revolves backward from the notch around the
anterior portion of the shell, occupying the former position of
the notch at the successive stages of growth; outer lip simple,
inner lip heavily incrusted. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

This species differs from B. liratus Gabb, in not having
longitudinal ribs which slant from the top of the body-whorl
forward, and in having a more callous, notched, inner lip.

Cylichna costata Gabb

Pl. 15, Fig. 5

C. costata Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 143, pl. 21, fig. 107.

Shell elongated, subcylindrical, widest anteriorly; spire hid-
den by outer whorl; whorls three to four; surface marked by
numerous flattened revolving ribs, with narrow interspaces,
and by lines of growth; aperture long and narrow, widest be-
low; small fold in advance on columella; inner lip incrusted.
Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

This species occurs also in the Tejon formation.

46 Pal, Cal., vol. 2, p. 167, pl. 28; fig. 48.

Vor. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 83

Fasciolaria mucronata (Gabb)
PilZehigs.5:

Neptunea mucronata Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 147, pl. 26,
figeZ0.

“Shell moderate in size, thin, rounded, fusiform; spire ele-
vated, acute; whorls seven, rounded; suture sharply defined,
linear ; body whorl regularly convex, swollen in the middle, ex-
cavated in advance. Aperture large, acute behind, continued
into a canal in advance; outer lip simple, thin; inner lip slightly
incrusted; canal moderately produced and a little deflected.
Surface marked by a few faint striz of growth, and by regular,
small, revolving, impressed lines.”’ Locality 5, L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.

Ficus plectatus, new species
Plvi2, Fig.'8

Shell thick, pyriform; body-whorls rounded below and
squared above, slightly flattened on the sides; whorls five,
rapidly increasing in size; spire low, suture indistinct ; aperture
narrow ; canal moderate and slightly curved, outer lip simple,
columellar lip sinuous; body-whorl ornamented by 15 very
prominent transverse ribs which are abruptly truncated at the
shoulders ; surface marked by fine spiral lines which run across
the ribs. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Retipirula crassitesta (Gabb)
Pl. 13, Figs. 1 and 2

Turbinella crassitesta Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, ps 157; pl. 26,
fig. 37.

Shell moderate in size, subfusiform, thick, spire low; whorls
four to four and one-half, suture distinct ; surface marked by
four or five large revolving ribs on the middle and upper part
of the whorl, and smaller ones anteriorly; the larger of these
crossed by about 15 longitudinal folds, each point of intersection
being marked by an enlargement and formation of a tubercle:
aperture broad in the middle and narrowed and straight in ad-
vance; outer lip acute and undulated on the margin and pos-
sessed of an interior partition which makes the aperture small;

84 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER.

inner lip thickened, flattened, and bearing two distinct oblique
folds in the middle; canal straight and slightly produced on the
columella. Localities 4 and 5, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Gyrodes robustus, new species
Pl. 13, Figs. 11 and 12

Shell large, compressed, subglobose; spire low, whorls five,
rounded, robust, truncated above; suture linear ; aperture elon-
gated, terminating about equally at its upper and lower ex-
tremity; lips simple; umbilicus patulous. In older individuals,
as fig. 11, the body-whorl becomes sinuous and tends to coil
higher and almost cover the inner whorls; the suture then be-
comes deep and carinate; surface marked by sinuous lines of
growth. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

This species is about one-half larger than G. expansus Gabb*
of the Chico formation, and the whorls are not depressed on
the sides.

Heteroterma trochoidea Gabb

H. trochoidea Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 151, pl. 26, figs. 30
and 30a.

“Shell depressed, fusiform, spire low, whorls five and one-
half, concave above, body-whorl bicarinate, each carina being a
row of large rounded tubercles; suture linear, undulated, the
upper margin of each whorl being attached to the upper row of
tubercles on the proceeding volution; between the two carine
on the body-whorl, the surface is obliquely concave ; anteriorly
it is deeply excavated and produced in a long, straight canal.
Aperture broad above; narrow and straight below; outer lip
simple, broadly emarginate on the upper surface, inner lip in-
crusted. Surface ornamented, besides the tubercles, by minute
revolving lines, smaller above than below, and showing a
tendency in advance, to alternation in size.” Locality 5, L. S.
J. U. Pal, Coll:

Lyria hannibali, new species
Pl. 12, Figs. 2 and 3

Shell subfusiform, six whorled; nucleus broken, so indeter-
minable; fine spiral sculpture covering entire shell except the
47 Pal. Cal. vol. 1, p. 108, pl. 19, fig. 62, a, b, c.

Vor, VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 85

protoconch; transverse sculpture of 12 or more rounded, very
prominent elevated ribs or folds; suture oppressed, the whorl in
front prominently constricted with tendency towards tubercles ;
aperture narrow, outer lip simple, strongly ribbed, not varicose ;
four strong, and two or three accessory plaits on inner lip,
which has a wash of callus its entire length. Locality 4, L. S.
J. U. Pal. Coll.

This species is similar to the specimen figured as Cancellaria
irelaniana (C) by Arnold,** but differs in the shape and sculp-
ture of the shoulders.

Named for Mr. Harold Hannibal.

Olivella spissa, new species

Bha2) Rigs 7

Small, fusiform, spire low; smooth and conical; whorls four
or five, suture linear and not impressed ; surface smooth; aper-
ture acute behind, broad in front and deeply notched; inner lip
callous and with seven fine hairlike plications; a spiral suture-
like line at the upper edge of a wash of callous runs from the
base of the outer lip around the back of the shell and on to the
inner lip. Locality 4.1E.S.)..W. Pal) Coll.

Perissolax blakei Conrad

Pl. 13, Fig. 9

Shell elongate ; spire moderately elevated ; whorls six; body-
whorl ornamented by three prominent revolving carine. The
upper two form prominent nodose angles between which is a
concave surface; on the inner whorls, only the upper carina can
be seen; a third slightly nodose carina close below the lower
large carina; aperture elongated, narrowed into the slender,
slightly curved canal; aperture and canal about two and one-
half times as long as the height of the spire; surface covered by
fine spiral ribs. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

P. tricarinatus Weaver* is probably of this species. This
species occurs also in the Tejon formation.

#8 Bull. 396, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 52, 4, fig. 22.
*° P. tricarinatus Weaver, Bull. U. of me. vol. 4, p. 121, pl. 13, fig. 9.

86 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Spr.

Polynices hornii (Gabb)
Pl. 13, Fig. 4

Lunatia hornii Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 106, pl. 29, fig. 217.

Shell moderate in size, subglobose; spire small, acute, not
prominent; whorls five, almost entirely enveloped; aperture
semilunar, rounded below; outer lip acute; columellar lip with
a moderately large callus, thickened above, smaller and flat
below, containing as a thickened lip almost to the anterior end
of the mouth. Umbilicus small and partially covered. Sur-
face marked by irregular lines of growth. Locality 4, L. S. J.
U. Pal. Coll.

This species occurs also in the Tejon formation.

Pseudoliva howardi (Dickerson)
Pl. 12, Figs. 4 and 9

P. reticulata Waring, Jour. Geol., vol. 22, no. 8, p. 783,
Nov.-Dec., 1914.

Molopophorus (?) howardi Dickerson, Bull. Dept. Geol.
Univ. of Calif., vol. 8, no. 15, p. 301, pl. 29, figs. 3a and 3b,
Dec., 1914.

Shell subconical; whorls four, spire low, suture linear; inner
whorls almost covered by body whorl, which is concave; aper-
ture wide, posterior angular; anterior produced slightly into a
canal; outer lip simple, inner lip incrusted and marked by a
fold revolving from end of canal around to inner lip, repre-
senting former positions of end of canal; surface ornamented
by longitudinal folds and spiral ribs; where these intersect,
small tubercles develop; middle of body-whorl impressed by a

single revolving line which forms a tooth where it is truncated
on the outer lip. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Sinum dickersoni, new species

Pl. 14, Fig. 10

Shell thin, depressed, auriform; spire small; whorls five,
rapidly increasing in size; suture deep; upper part of the whorls

Vor. VII] WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 87

flattened ; body-whorl oblique, ornamented by numerous band-
like, revolving ribs, with linear interspaces ; surface also marked
by sinuous lines of growth which give the revolving ribs a wavy
appearance; umbilicus imperforate; umbilical margin acutely
rounded ; aperture distended, subelliptical ; outer lip acute, inner
lip slightly thickened. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

This species differs from Natica lineata Dickerson’ by hav-
ing an imperforate umbilicus.

Named for Dr. Roy E. Dickerson, Curator of Paleontology,
Cal. Acad. Sci.

Trachytriton titan, new species

Pl. 14, Fig. 18

Shell very large, fusiform, thick; spire elevated, whorls five,
subangulated, nodose; aperture broad, anterior end narrowing
into the canal; posterior rounded; whorls slightly convex
above, concave below ; body whorl below ornamented by coarse
spiral ribs; about 15 tubercles ornament the angle of the body-
whorl. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

This species is very similar to T. tejonensis Gabb,® but is
larger, has thickened shell, more numerous tubercles, and the
whorls are more angular.

Turritella maccreadyi Waring

Pl. 12, Fig. 10

T. maccreadyi Waring, Jour. Geol., vol. 22, no. 8, p. 783,
Nov.-Dec., 1914.

Shell robust, apical angle broad; whorls 11, rounded, with
six or seven strong, nearly equally spaced, spiral ribs; first five
or six whorls angulated as in T. martinezensis Gabb ;°? surface
below body-whorl also ornamented by spiral lines, and whole
surface marked by lines of growth; aperture broad, outer lip

© Bull. Dept. of Geol. Univ. Calif., vol. 8, no. 6, p. 141, pl. 13, fig. 3a.

51 Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 154, pl. 26, fig. 34.
Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 169, pl. 28, fig. 51.

88 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

slightly sinuous ; inner lip sinuous, flattened and twisted. Char-
acteristic of lower Martinez. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Named for Mr. Geo. McCready of Guanoco, Venezuela.

Turritella pachecoensis Stanton

Pl. 12, Fig. 20

T. saffordi Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 135, pl. 2, fig. 93.

T. pachecoensis Stanton, U. S. Geol. Surv. 17th An. Rept.,
pt. 1, p. 1043, pl. 66, figs. 1 and 2.

Adult with 15 whorls that are flattened on the sides and more
or less angulated above and below, near the channeled suture;
surface of early whorls marked by fine spiral lines which are
usually obsolete in the older, more sinuous whorls. In very old
individuals, obscure tubercles are sometimes formed on the
angles of the whorls. Localities 4, 5, and 8, L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.

This species is found also in the Tejon.

Turritella reversa, new species

Pl. 12, Fig. 15

Adult with about 15 whorls that are nearly vertical on the
sides and slightly rounded above, near the suture; base of the
whorls slightly concave; whorls ornamented with fine revolving
lines. Locality 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

This species resembles 7. humerosa Conrad. The apical
angle is about the same as that of the Maryland species.

Turritella simiensis, new species

Pl. 14, Fig. 15

Adult with about 15 whorls, that are convex above, flattened
on the sides, and marked by a heavy rib or enlargement of the
lower angle; whorls ornamented by about nine spiral lines, the
third from the top of which is larger; apical angle greater than
that of T. pachecoensis. The older whorls tend to develop, ir-

53 Maryland Geol. Surv., Eocene, 1901, p. 148, pl. 27, figs. 1 and la.

Vor. VII] WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 89

regularly, tubercles on the lower angle. Localities 4 and 6.
Common in the upper Martinez and lower Tejon. L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

This species is probably the same as that figured as T. infra-
granulata Gabb.** The true Turritella infragranulata has a
small apical angle, and is found in the upper Tejon.

CEPHALOPODA
Nautilus hallidayi Waring
Pls) Pigei3

N. hallidayi Waring, Jour. Geol., vol. 22, no. 8, p. 783-4,
Nov.-Dec., 1914.

Shell large; inner whorls completely enveloped, while last
whorl is more evolute; dorsum rounded; aperture elliptical,
concave below, where it envelops the early coils. The outer
volution has a width slightly less than remaining diameter of
shell; sutures slightly inflected; shell pearly. The greatest
diameter of the figured specimen is 36 mm. It is probably one
of the oldest species of true Nautilus known. Locality 4, L. S.
JU: PalGoll:

Named in honor of Mr. T. W. Halliday of Spokane, Wash-
ington, the discoverer of this species.

PISCEs.

Lamna (?) clavata Agassiz
Pl. 12, Fig. 6

L. clavata Agassiz, Bull. Dept. Geol. U. of C., vol. 5, p. 106,
fig. 8.

Unfortunately the base of the specimen is lost so it can not
be assigned positively to this genus. The tooth is narrow,
flexuous and smooth; inner surface rounded: outer surface
slightly convex ; edges of enamel sharp. Locality 4, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

This species differs from Odontaspis elegans Agassiz in not
having the inner face striated.

U.S. Geol. Surv., 17th An. Rept., pt. 1, p. 1044, pl. 66, fig. 3.

90 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4tH Ser.

List or TEyJon (Upper EoceNE) Fossiis

Pelecypoda : PAGES
Cardita superioris, new species, 8..............-- 91
Carditim: brewerit Gabb; 7.2.52. +.a008e.s08 0584 92, 120

*Cardium coopertt Gabb, 4.02/02. 2202550045008 =. 74, 118
Corbula:dilatata, new species; 8. ......----->..-- 92, 122
Cucullzea morani, new species, 1% mi. E. of McCray

WEIS ire tie ductors wrarene ict Ma tee ocr mnoraaare 92, 120

Glycimeris maccrayi, new species, 8. :..........-. 93, 122
*Glycimeris veatchi major Stanton, 4.............. 7D; 002
Isocardia tejonensis, new species, 8..........-..- 93, 122
Marciaiconradiana (Gabb) Os... 2. ee rece enae ee 93, 120
Meretrix horn Gabb;, 6, .22 00006 .00e nceee even 94, 122
"Ostrea idrizensis:Gabb, 5. 0.055 6c date e ocean oe kes 78, 118
Pinna lewisr Waring, 8.52... 6. 6. 25 als ses sows © 94, 122
“Psammobia hornit ((Gabb), 4, .22c222-.a0aeeees 120
*Septifer elegans, new species, 5 and 8. ........... 79, 120
Solen\parallelus'Gabbs 7. ahi. 2 5. curse ee eller terete 94
Venericardia planicosta hornii Gabb, 8. .......... 95, 114

Scaphopoda:

*Dentalium cooperii Gabb, 4..........4...-20508: 81
Dentalium stramineum Gabb, 8. ................ 122
Gasteropoda:
Amauropsis alveata (Conrad), 8. ............... 122
Bursa washingtoniana Weaver (?), 8........... 122
Cerithopsis alternata Gabb, 8. .................. 122
Conus remondi Gabb, 8. .......0...s2cis.c000, 122
“Cylichna-costata Gabbj4s ode ss scree nats cerns [na ee 82, 122
Fasciolaria chatsworthensis, new species, 1% mi.

BE. of McCray <wellsi:e icc wstsc-ne ecrse seen era stele 97, 120
Fusinus:martinez (Gabb)}(@.fss0.06 500505000
Galeodea (Morio) tuberculata Gabb, 8. .......... 122
Lyriavandersonmi, new'SpecieS, G. 2. 1. eee es 6-2 - 97, 122

*Polynices hornii (Gabb), 4 and 8. .............. 86, 118
Natica hannibal. Dickerson, 8... .....--....0+0.% 122

* Species occurring also in the Martinez.

The numbers following specific names refer to the following localities marked

on the map, fig. 3, p. 51:
oc. 4 Martinez area in Simi Hills, Ventura County.

5 Martinez area south of the Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County.
.6 Tejon north of the secondary fault in the Simi Hills, Ventura County.
Loc. 7 Tejon from south of the Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County.
8 Tejon from the McCray wells, Ventura County, California.

VoL. VITIJ WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 91

PAGES
RumellarcanalitéerarGabbwoie eerie stews eiarels clei le 98, 122
Sinumirobliquun: (Gabbe Sasi Maye oa cele alae 99
Stellaxis) copnatai (Conrad) Se Mens oo. ka: 98
Surculal (Gey jspecies ;Qomai TR en sil aeu MMs iene sa 97, 122
Tormatina erratica CoopenyyG: iia isa aes ee sissies, 5 « 122
Tornatina evoluta, new species, 8. .............. 99, 122
PurritellavandersonmDickersonw Si... becca ese. 99, 122
Purnitella‘infracranulata Gabby 8s)... .60.0. 60... 4 99) 122
Turritella martinezensis Gabb, 6,7 and&. ....... 100, 120
DurritellasivasanayGontradwerys.sese hs sles icc s oe 100, 122

TEJON (Upprer Eocene) Fossris*®

All types and original specimens are in the Leland Stanford
Jr. Univ. Paleontological Collection.

Cotypes of new species are in the museum of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Loc. 6: Tejon north of the secondary fault in the Simi Hills,
Ventura County.

Loc. 7: Tejon from south of the Santa Monica Mountains,
Los Angeles County.

Loc. 8: Tejon from the McCray wells, Ventura County, Cal.

PELECYPODA

Cardita superioris, new species

Shell small, very convex; beaks large, incurved ; anterior end
deeply excavated under the beaks; margin broadly rounded;
basal margin broadly curved; posterior obliquely and con-
vexly truncated ; cardinal margin sloping and slightly convex;
shell slightly concave near the cardinal margin and flared; sur-
face ornamented by about 23 broad, slightly rounded ribs which
are broader than the interspaces. A few casts of this species
were obtained from the upper beds. Locality 8, L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.

° The author is greatly indebted to Messrs. R. B. Moran and J. O. Lewis, who
kindly donated many of these fossils to the Stanford paleontological collection.

92 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4rH Ser.

Cardium brewerii Gabb
Pl. 14, Fig. 9

C. brewerii Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 173, pl. 24, fig. 155.

Shell moderate in size, subequilateral, altitude about equal to
the length; beaks central, strongly incurved, hinge line straight.
Anterior margin forms regular curve with base; posterior sub-
margin rounded and forming angle with posterior cardinal
margin above; umbonal ridges high and convex, posterior
slightly concave; surface ornamented by about 24 uniform,
subflattened ribs with flat interspaces; interspaces crossed by
numerous squamose lines which are less prominent on the ribs.
Locality’7, S.J. U.-Pal- Coll

Corbula dilatata, new species
Pl. 15, Fig. 2

C. parilis Arnold, U. S. G. S. Bull. 398, pl. 24, fig. 2.

“Shell small, thick, very convex, equivalve, somewhat in-
equilateral; beaks prominent, broad, strongly incurved and in-
clined forward. Anterior end sloping downwards; abruptly
and regularly rounded below; posterior obliquely truncated and
biangular; a distinct umbonal ridge passes from the beaks to
the posterior angle in both valves. Basal margin of right valve
regularly and broadly convex, straight on the left.” Surface
marked by prominent concentric band-like ribs, the upper edges
of which are angulated. Locality 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

This species differs from C. parilis Gabb** by not having any
radiating sculpture. There is a big contrast also in the general
outline and convexity of the shell.

Cucullza morani Waring
Pl. 14, Figs. 12 and 13

C. morani Waring, Jour. Geol., vol. 22, no. 8, p. 784, Nov.-
Dec., 1914,

Shell thick, oblique, very convex; beaks large, broad, prom-
inent and about one-third the distance from the anterior, in-
curved and somewhat remote; area oval in shape and about
two-thirds the length of the shell; anterior margin broadly

56 Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 150, pl. 29, figs. 239-239a.

Vor. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 93

rounded and more prominent above; base nearly straight; pos-
terior produced and sharply rounded; umbonal ridge prominent
and running to posterior margin; cardinal margin sloping at an
angle of about 45 degrees ; surface marked by alternating single
and double radiating ribs which are crossed by fine to coarse
lines of growth. From one and one-half miles east of McCray
wells. L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll. Named in honor of Mr. R. B.
Moran of Los Angeles.

Glycimeris maccrayi, new species
Pl. 15, Fig. 1

Shell small, of medium thickness and moderate convexity ;
umbone prominent, central, incurved; cardinal margin slightly
convex and flared; anterior margin slightly produced above,
broadly rounded below ; basal margin broadly convex ; posterior
slightly produced above, broadly rounded below; surface
marked by medium-size rounded, radiating ribs, which are
crossed by lines of growth. Locality 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
This species has its closest resemblance in Glycimeris veatchii
Gabb, of the Chico, but is less convex, and more symmetrical.

Isocardia tejonensis Waring
Pl. 15, Fig. 14

I. tejonensis Waring, Jour. of Geol., vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 784-
5, Nov.-Dec., 1914.

Shell of medium size, thin; valves equal, inflated, rotund,
completely closed, margins plain, beaks prosogyrous; surface
marked by concentric band-like ribs, which become fine and
nearly obsolete on the beaks. Locality 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
No other species of /socardia has so far been described from the
Eocene of California.

Marcia conradiana (Gabb)
Pl. 14, Fig. 3, Pl. 15, Fig. 7
Tapes conradiana Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 169, pl. 32, fig.
282.
“Shell long, narrow, very inequilateral, oblique ; beaks prom-
inent and placed about a third the distance from the anterior

94 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

end; cardinal margin sloping nearly straight to the posterior
extremity, which is narrowly and regularly rounded.” An-
terior cardinal margin slightly concave and sloping into the
broadly convex anterior margin. “Surface ornamented by
regular concentric ribs, nearly uniform throughout.” Some
worn specimens lose these ribs entirely. Found at Locality 6,
the figured specimen from the Tejon at Ft. Tejon. L.S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

Meretrix hornii Gabb

PI. 15, Figs. 9 and 19

M. hornii Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 164; vol. 2, pl. 23, fig.
144.

“Shell subtrigonal, cuneate ; beaks anterior, with the cardinal
margin sloping convexly to the posterior end, which is narrow ;
anterior end prominent above, and curving inwards rapidly be-
low towards the base; lunule small, very narrow, acute below
and impressed.” Surface marked by prominent, large, band-
like concentric ribs with linear interspaces. Locality 6, L. S. J.
U. Pal. Coll.

Pinna lewisi Waring
Pl. 15, Fig. 24

Shell thin, pearly, mytiliform, equivalve, truncate and
wholly open behind; hinge line long; valves triangular, the
apical angle being about 45 degrees; convex along the center
line and flaring at the margins; base of shell notched in the
middle and convex on either side; surface marked by five in-
distinct radiating ribs and concentric lines of growth. Locality
8, LS. J. U2 Pal/Coll.

Named in honor of Mr. J. O. Lewis. Differs from Pinna
barrowsi Dickerson of the Martinez formation by having a
wider apical angle and fewer radiating ribs.

Solen parallelus Gabb

S. parallelus Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 146, pl. 22, fig. 117.
“Shell elongated, slender, thin; sides parallel, ends rounded ;
anterior end somewhat more abruptly truncated than the pos-

Vor. VII) WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 95

terior, and slightly deflected. Surface marked by a few irregu-
lar lines of growth.” Parts of a few large specimens of this
species were found. Locality 7.

Venericardia planicosta hornii (Gabb)

PL 1 Figs::3\4,.and.5

Cardita hornii Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 174, pl. 24, fig. 157,
1864.

V. planicosta Arnold & Anderson, U. S. G. S. Bull. 322, pl.
13, fig. 4.

V. planicosta Arnold, U. S. G. S. Bull. 321, pl. 9, fig. 3.

V’. planicosta Arnold & Eldridge, U. S. G. S. Bull. 309, pl.
29, gs. 1, la,and Ib:

V. planicosta Arnold & Anderson, U. S. G. S. Bull. 398, pl.
24, fig. 1.

Shell large, thick, cordate, deeply convex; length greater
than the altitude ; beaks large, turned forward, nearly touching ;
lunule large; anterior cardinal margin deeply excavated in
front of the beaks, slightly convex and about twice as long as
in V’. planicosta venturensis; anterior margin convex and
flared; posterior margin convexly truncated; surface orna-
mented with about 22 broad, rounded ribs which become very
broad, and almost obsolete near the margins in the adult ; inter-
spaces shallow, linear; surface marked by wrinkled lines of
growth. Locality 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll. Only sandstone
casts of this species were found.

This subspecies, for so long called V. planicosta Lam. by
Pacific Coast geologists, certainly deserves at least subspecific
rank. In our California Eocene there are, no doubt, three dis-
tinct forms of Venericardia. The young, pl. 11, fig. 5, shows
the characteristic knotted ribs of the young stages of V. plani-
costa hornu. The ribs are fine, hair-like, with deep interspaces ;
they are mounted by rows of tubercles until they attain a height
of about 14 mm., after which they are abruptly rounded.

This subspecies is distinguished chiefly by the flaring mar-
gins, broad, flat ribs, linear interspaces, and by the greater
length as compared with the height. It grows to be much

96 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

larger than any specimens of V’. planicosta venturensis that
have been found. It has been found only in the Tejon forma-
tion of the Pacific Coast and is a characteristic horizon marker.

Introduced here for comparison are figures of V. planicosta
ionensis,”* pl. 11, figs. 1 and 2. This species is from the Umpqua
beds, a higher horizon than that of V. planicosta hornu, and
represents a later development in the evolutionary series. The
young form exhibits the same type of ribs as V. planicosta
horni and at a height of about 10 mm. the ribs are abruptly of
a rounded type, while at an elevation of 25 mm. the ribs are
obsolete.

Specimens, probably of this same horizon, have been collected
by J. E. Mills from the left bank of Merced River near Merced
Falls, Cal., from the upper Tejon.

Comparing these with eastern species it will be seen that V.
planicosta hornu corresponds very well with l’. planicosta regia
Conrad, of the Aquia and Lower Chickasawan. IV’. planicosta
ionensis and the Venericardia from Merced Falls correspond to
a horizon similar to ’. planicosta Lam.* and V. planicosta var.
8 from Wood’s Bluff,°? Alabama, of the Nanjemoy, Upper
Chickasawan and Lower Claibornian; also to V. marylandica
and V. potapacoensis of Harris; also V. planicosta lati-
cardo™ of England.

Since this manuscript was prepared, this subspecies has been
described by the writer.** The figured specimen with the ribs
showing on the umbone is characteristic of the Ione formation.
The form described by Mr. Dickerson from the Roseburg
Quadrangle, Oregon®* as I’. planicosta merriami has not been
tound in the Ione of California. It is possible that the beds at
the Oregon locality range a little higher than the Ione of Cali-
fornia, which accounts for the presence of specimens with
totally obsolete ribs. When Il’. planicosta reaches this extreme
stage in its evolution, it may be well to consider it a new
species.

_ ™ These specimens were collected by Mr. Harold Hannibal in the Eocene of Wash-
nes Harris, Bull. 9, Am. Pal., p. 54, pl. 16, figs. 1-4.

59 Harris, Bull. 9, Am. Pal., p. 54, pl. 16, fig. 5.

6 Mary. Geol. Surv., Eocene, pp. 178-9, pl. 11, figs. 4-7.

61 Dall, Florida Tertiary, vol. 6, pp. 1420-1422.

® Jour. Geol., vol. 22, No. 8, Nov.-Dec. 12, 1914, p. 785.
€ Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, p. 118, pl. 11, fig. la. Dec. 30, 1914.

Vor. VIT] WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 97

GASTEROPODA
Surcula (?) species

Pl. 15, Fig. 16

Cf. Surcula davisiana Cooper, Bull. Univ. of Cal., vol. 7, p.
279, pl. 12, figs. 6a and 6b, 1913.

Nuclear whorls and canal broken off. Spire of medium
height ; center of whorls sharply angulated, concave above and
marked by fine spiral lines ; body whorl concave immediately be-
low to a wide rounded rib, which is covered by the succeeding
whorls; lower part of body whorl slightly concave and tapering
into the canal; aperture broad and angulated above, narrow
below. Locality 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Fasciolaria chatsworthensis, new species

Pl. 14, Fig. 16

Shell large, solid, seven whorls; nucleus small; whorls all
broadly convex, smooth, or covered with minute, almost mega-
scopic spiral lines, and by lines of growth; suture linear, faintly
impressed; canal rather short, with a strong siphonal fasciole;
aperture elongated, acute behind; outer lip simple; pillar
twisted. From one and one-half miles east of McCray Wells,
Ventura County., LS: J. UL Pals Goll:

Lyria andersoni, new species

Pl. 15, Fig. 12

Shell subfusiform, eight-whorled ; first whorls nuclear ; spiral
sculpture covering entire shell save protoconch; transverse
sculpture of eight prominent, transverse folds extending entire
height of whorls; abruptly truncated above and gradually im-
pressed below; aperture long and narrow, outer lip slightly in
advance of a transverse fold; inner lip with wash of callous and
three or four plaits; canal slightly turned backward and
notched; a spiral fold on the canal represents the former posi-
tions of the notch. This species does not develop tubercles on
the whorls as does Cancellaria irelaniana Cooper. Locality 8,

Loy). WsRal Coll:

98 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

Probably Arnold’s** Cancellaria irelaniana belongs to this
genus.

Arnold’s species is neither C. irelaniana Cooper, Cal. State
Min. Bur. Bull. no. 4, p. 42, pl. 1, fig. 5, nor C. irelaniana
Cooper, Bull. Dept. of Geol. Univ. of Cal., vol. 7, p. 282, pl. 12,
fig. 8.

This new species is named in honor of Mr. Robert Anderson,
formerly with the U. S. Geol. Survey.

Rimella canalifera (Gabb)
Pl. 15, Fig. 10

Rostellaria (Rimella) canalifera Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1,
p. 123, pl. 29, fig. 228, 1864.

Shell small, somewhat fusiform; spire elevated, longer than
the mouth; suture deep; whorls convex, and marked by from
15 to 20 transverse folds, which become more prominent and
projecting on the large whorls; entire surface also ornamented
by revolving rounded band-like ribs with linear interspaces ;
aperture long, rather narrow, oblique, acute behind and broadly
and obliquely emarginate in front; posterior angle of aperture
continued in a deep narrow callous canal, slightly curved along
the spire to the apex; anterior canal broad and strongly curved
upwards; outer lip thick; inner lip callous. Locality 8, L. S. J.
U. Pal. Coll.

Stellaxis cognata (Conrad)

Solarium cognatum Conrad.

Architectonica cognata Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 117, pl.
20, fig. 72, 1864.

“Shell low, conical: whorls five, flat or slightly convex and
sloping above, acutely carinate on the margin. Mouth quad-
rangular, oblique. Surface marked by oblique lines of growth
and faint revolving lines, sometimes obsolete. Near the margin

on the upper surface, is a prominent isolated rib.” Locality 8,
L. 5. J. U. Pal. Coll:

Poercare irelaniana (Cooper), Arnold; Bull. 398, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 286, pl.
26, fig. 22.

Vor, VIT] WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 99

Sinum obliquum (Gabb)

Naticina obliqua Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 109, pl. 21, fig.
112, 1864.

Shell medium-size, auriform; spire slightly prominent,
whorls four, rapidly increasing in size; suture faintly canalicu-
late; surface marked by numerous compound revolving lines,
minutely waved laterally and showing a tendency to an alterna-
tion of larger and smaller ones; these are crossed by irregular
lines of growth, which completely encircle the whorls, and are
most distinct and crowded in the umbilicus; aperture patulous,
acute behind; inner lip slightly thickened, and forming a small
incrustation on the preceding whorl; umbilicus moderate in
size. Locality 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Tornatina evoluta, new species

Pl. 15, Fig. 8

Form cylindrical, whorls four, rapidly increasing in height;
spire low, suture excavated; aperture narrow, widening and
produced below; lips simple; shell thin and marked by fine
lines of growth. Locality 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Turritella andersoni, Dickerson

Pl. 15, Fig. 18

T. andersoni Dickerson, Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cal., vol. 9,
p. 501, pl. 42, 1916.

Shell turreted, apical angle small; whorls slightly concave,
straight or slightly convex above, somewhat angulated and
obliquely truncated below ; suture linear ; surface marked by fine
spiral linear ribs. Locality 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Turritella infragranulata Gabb

Pl. 15, Fig. 20

T. infragranulata Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 212, pl. 32, fig.
279, 1864.

Not T. infragranulata (Gabb) Stanton, U. S. G. S., 17th
An. Rept., pt. 1, p. 1044, pl. 66, fig. 3.

100 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

“Shell elongated, tapering, scaliform; whorls numerous,
sloping, straight, or somewhat concavely outwards above, an-
gulated and obliquely truncated below”; suture impressed and
carinated by a small tubercular spiral rib. “Surface marked by
numerous fine, revolving thread-like lines, sometimes alternat-
ing in size, and on the angle near the lower margin of the
whorl, by coarse granulations. Aperture subquadrate.” Lo-
cality 8, ...S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

The apical angle of this species is much smaller than that
figured by Stanton as 7. infragranulata. His specimen was
probably of the species 7. simtiensis, new species.

Turritella martinezensis Gabb

Pl. 14, Fig. 5

T. martinezensis Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 169, pl. 28, fig. 51.

Shell robust, apical angle broad; whorls 11, angulated, flat
above and below the angle; body whorl with two angles, the
lower less prominent and covered, during growth, by outer
whorl; surface marked by three strong lines on the upper face,
one between the revolving angles, and three below; besides
there are fine revolving lines, and faint striz of growth cover-
ing them all; aperture broad, outer lip slightly sinuous; inner
lip flattened and somewhat twisted. Localities 6, 7, and 8, L.
S: J. Us PaleiColl

This species also occurs in the Martinez horizon at Martinez.

Turritella uvasana Conrad

Pi. 15, Big. 13

T. uvasana Conrad, Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. 5, p. 321, pl. 2,
fig. 12; Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 1, p. 134, pl. 21, fig. 92; Arnold,
U.S. G. S. Bull. 398, p. 285, pl. 26, fig. 11.

“Shell moderate in size, turreted, apical angle small; whorls
numerous and gradually increase in size, convex and orna-
mented by from 6 to 10 revolving, rounded ribs, with some-
times finer ones interpolated. Suture impressed. Aperture
circular: Locality S44.;S: J. Us Pal. Coll:

Vor. VII] WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 101

LIST OF REFERENCES.
Cretaceous and Chico:

Anderson, F. M.: Cretaceous deposits of the Pacific Coast; Proc.
Cal. Acad. Sci., 3d series, vol. 2, no. 1, 1902.

Anderson, Robert, and

Arnold, Ralph: Paleontology and geology of the Coalinga district ;
U.S. G. S. Bulls. 396 and 398.

Cooper, J. G.: On some new Cretaceous (and Eocene?) mollusca
of California; Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d series, vol. 6, 1896; p.
330-8, pl. 47; Catalogue of California Fossils, Bull. No. 4, Gal:
State Min. Bur., 1894.

Crandall, Roderic: The Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Santa
Clara Valley in Calif.; Am. Jour. Geol., vol. 24, July, 1907.
Dall, W. H.: A review of American Volutide; Smithsonian Misc.

Col., vol. 48, no. 1663, Feb. 4, 1907.

Diller, J. S.: Geol. of the Taylorsville region of Calif.; U.S. G. S.
Bull. 353, 1908, pp. 108-109.

Diller, J. S., and Stanton, T. W.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 4, pp
205-224. and pp. 245-256, vol. 5, pp. 435-464.

Gabb, W. M.: Paleontology of California, vols. 1 and 2.

Johnson, H. R., and Arnold, Ralph: McKittrick-Sunset Oil Region,
Calle U2 SiG. “Sy Bulli\406:

Knowlton, F. H.: Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the Rocky
Mountain Region; Proc. Pal. Soc., vol. 25, pp. 325-340, Sept. 15,
1914.

Kossmat: Beitr. zur. Pal. Oesterreich-Ungarns. und des Orients,
vol. 11.

Newberry: Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. 6, pt. 2, pp. 24 and 25, 1855.

Packard, E. L.: 1. Faunal Studies in the Cretaceous of the Santa
Ana Mountains of Southern California; Bull. Dept. Geol., Univ.
of Calif., vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 137-159, Feb. 8, 1916. 2. Mesozoic
and Cenozoic Mactrine of the Pacific Coast of North America;
Bull. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Calif., vol. 9, no. 15, pp. 261-360,
pls. 12-35, May 1, 1916.

Smith, J. P.: The geologic record of California; Jour. Geol., vol. 18,
no. 3, p. 216, 1910. Ancient climates of the West Coast; Pop.
Sci. Monthly, May, 1910. Mesozoic changes in the faunal geog-
raphy of Calif.; Jour. Geol., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 381-3, 1895.

Stanton, T. W.: The faunal relations of the Eocene and Upper
Cretaceous on the Pac. Coast; 17th An. Rept. U. S. G. S., pt.
1, pp. 1004-1060, 1895-6.

Boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary in North
America; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 25, pp. 341-354, Sept. 15,
1914.

Stoliczka: Cretaceous Cephalopoda of India, Paleontologia Indica,
1861.

102 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4rH Ser.

Cretaceous and Chico:—Continued
Trask: Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 1, pp. 85-86.
Waring, C. A.: Bull. 69, Cal. State Min. Bur., pp. 351 and 382, 1914.
White, C. A.: On Mesozoic fossils; U. S. G. S. Bull. 4, 1884.
On invertebrate fossils from the Pacific Coast; U. S. G. S.
Bull. 51, 1889.
Whiteaves, J. F.: Geol. Surv. Canada, vol. 1, pts. 1-5, 1903.
Vancouver Cret. fossils; Trans. Royal Soc., London; second
series, vol. 1, sec. 10, 1895-6.
Ammonites from Queen Charlotte’s Is.; Canadian Record
of Sci., Oct., 1893.
Yokoyama: Versteiner, aus der japanischen Kreide; Palzonto-
graphica, vol. 36, 1890.

Martinez:

Arnold, Ralph: The Tert. and Quat. Pectens of Calif.; Prof. Paper
47, Us SHG S,

Santa Cruz Quadrangle, Calif.; U. S. G. S., folio 163.

Becker: Geol. of quicksilver deposits of the Pacific Coast; Mono-
graph 13, U. S. G. S., pp. 219-221, 1888.

Dickerson, R. E.: The stratigraphic and faunal relations of the
Martinez formation to the ‘Chico and Tejon north of Mt.
Diablo; Bull. Dept. Geol., U. C., vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 171-7, 1911.

Fauna of the Eocene of Marysville Buttes; Bull. Dept.
Geol., U. C., vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 257-298, pls. 11-14, 1913.

Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California; Bull. Dept. of
Geol., Univ. of Calif., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 61-180, pls. 6-18, May 13,
1914.

The Martinez Eocene and associated formations on the
western border of the Mohave desert area; Bull. Dept. of Geol.,
Univ. of Calif., vol. 8, no. 14, pp. 289-298, Dec. 10, 1914.

New Molluscan species from the Martinez Eocene of South-
ern California; Bull. Dept. Geol., Univ. of Calif., vol. 8, no. 15,
pp. 299-304, pl. 29, Dec. 10, 1914.

The Martinez and Tejon Eocene and associated formations
of the Santa Ana Mountains; Bull. Dept. Geol., Univ. of Calif.,
vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 257-274a, pls. 26-28, Dec. 22, 1914.

Gabb, W. M.: Paleontology of California, vols. 1 and 2.

Merriam, J. C.: The geologic relations of the Martinez group of
California at the typical locality; Jour. of Geol., vol. 5, pp. 767-
775, 1897.

Stanton, T. W.: See Chico references under Stanton.

Weaver, C. E.: Contribution to the paleontology of the Martinez
Group; Bull. Dept. Geol., U. C., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 101-123, 1905.

Waring, C. A.: Jour. Geol. vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 782-3, Nov.-Dec.,
1914; Bull. 69, Calif. State Min. Bur., p. 383, 1914.

Vor, VIT] WARING—STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS 103

Tejon:
Anderson, Robert, and
Arnold, Ralph: Summerland district (Arnold); U. S. G. S. Bull.
321, 1907.

Santa Maria oil district (Arnold and Anderson) ; U. S. G. S.
Bull. 322, 1907.

Geology and oil resources of the Coalinga district, Calif. ;
U. S. G. S. Bull. 398, 1910:

Los Angeles oil district (Arnold and Eldridge); U. S. G.
S. Bull., 309, 1907.

Arnold, Ralph: Pectens of California; U. S. G. S., Prof. Paper, 47,
1906.

Arnold and Hannibal: Science N. S., vol. 39, no. 1016, pp. 906-908,
June 19, 1914.

The Marine Tertiary stratigraphy of the North Pacific
Coast of America; Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 52, no. 212, pp.
559-606, Nov.-Dec., 1913.

Clark, W. B.: Correlation Papers, Eocene; U. S. G. S. Bull. 83,
1891.

Conrad, T. A.: Pacific R. R. Rept., vol. 5, pt. 2, pp. 317-329.

Cooper, J. G.: See Chico references under Cooper.

Dall, W. H.: Florida Tertiary, vols. 1-7, Transactions Wagner
Free Institute Sci., Phila. vol. 3, pts. 1-7, 1890.

18th An: Repta Us Sa Ga Sspt..2; D. 620:

Dickerson, R. E.: Tejon of Marysville Buttes; Bull. Dept. Geol.
Univ. of Calif., 1912, vol. 7, no. 12, April, 1913.

Fauna of the Type Tejon; its relation to the Cowlitz
phase of the Tejon Group of Washington; Cal. Acad. of Sci.,
4th series, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 33-98, pls. 1-11, June 15, 1915.

The Fauna of the Siphonalia sutterensis zone in the Rose-
burg Quadrangle, Oregon; Cal. Acad. of Sci., 4th series, vol. 4,
pp. 113-128, pls. 11-12, Dec. 30, 1914.

Eldridge, G. H.: Santa Clara oil district; U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull.
309, 1907.

Gabb, W. M.: See under Martinez reference.

Merriam, J. C.: See under Martinez reference.

Stanton, T. W.: Contributions to the Cretaceous paleontology of
the Pacific Coast; U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 133, 1895.

Waring, C. A.: Eocene horizons of California; Jour. Geol., vol. 22,
no. 8, pp. 7845, Nov.-Dec., 1914.

Bull. 69, Calif. State Min. Bureau, pp. 131 and 383, 1914.

Map folio accompanying Bull. 69, Calif. State Min. Bur., pl.
1, 1914.

Tone:

Arnold and Hannibal: Dickerson on California Eocene; Science,
N. S., vol. 39, no. 1016, pp. 906-908, June 19, 1914.

104 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

LIone:—Continued

Dickerson, Roy E.: Bull. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Cal., vol. 9, no. 17
pp. 387-410, May 2, 1916.

Turner, H. W., Jackson Folio no. 11, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 2, 1894, and
Ransome, F. L., Sonora Folio, California, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 2,
1897, and Lindgren, W., Marysville Folio, no. 17, California, U. S.
Geol. Surv., 1895.

Waring, C. A.: Eocene horizons of California; Jour. Geol., vol.
22, no. 8, p. 785, Nov.-Dec., 1914.

Map folio accompanying Bull. 69, Calif. State Min. Bur.,
pl. 1, 1914.

,

Eastern Tertiary:
Harris, G. H.: The Midway stage; Bull. Am. Pal. vol. 1, no. 4,
1896.
The Lignitic stage; Bull. Am. Pal. vol. 2, no. 9, pt. 1, 1897.
Eocene; Maryland Geol. Survey, 1901.
Correlation of Tejon deposits with Eocene stages of the
Gulf slopes; Science, Aug. 18, 1892, vol. 22, p. 97.
Smith, E. A., and
Johnson, L. C.: Hatchetigbee; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., no. 43, p.
39, 1887.
Tert. and Cret. of Tuscallosa, Tombigbee and Alabama
Rivers; U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 43, 1887.
Vaughan, T. W.: Geol. and Pal. of N. W. Louisiana; U. S. Geol.
Surv. Bull. 142.

Miscellaneous:

Bartsch, Paul: The giant species of the molluscan genus Lima
obtained in Philippine and adjacent waters; Proc. U. S. Nat'l
Museum, no. 1978, vol. 45, pp. 235-240, pls. 12-20, 1913.

Carpenter, W. B.: Shell structure; the microscope and its revela-
tions; vol. 2, 1883.

Dall, W. H.: A historical and systematic review of the frog shells
and tritons; Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 47, no. 1475, 1904.

A review of the American Volutide; Smithsonian Misc.
Coll. vol. 48, no. 1663, 1907.

Miocene of Astoria and Coos Bay; U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof.
Paper, no. 59.

106

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser.

nt,
PLATE 7.
CHICO (UPPER CRETACEOUS) FOSSILS.
(Unless otherwise stated, all figures are natural size.)
PAGE
Pecten (Propeamusium) cowperi, new species. 63
Fig. 1. Mould of interior of left valve; alt. 19 mm.
Fig. 2. Mould of interior of right valve; long. 24 mm.
This species is characteristic of the upper transitional zone of
the Chico. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. ‘Coll.
Crassatellites conradianus (Gabb). 56
Fig. 3. Exterior of left valve «24; long. 40 mm., alt. 29 mm.
Fig. 4. Exterior of right valve X24; long. 36 mm., alt. 29 mm. Loc.
3, os Je Ue Pal: Coll:
Nemodon (Arca) breweriana (Gabb). 57
Fig. 5. Cast of exterior mould of right valve X% that has been
somewhat crushed; long. 32 mm., alt. 14 mm. Upper-
most Chico.
Fig. 6. Exterior of left valve X24; long. 24 mm., alt. 17 mm. Loc. 2,
L.S2 9, W. Pal Coil:
Inoceramus pembertoni, new species. 61
Fig. 7. Exterior of right valve X%; alt. 217 mm., width 160 mm.
Fig. 8. Exterior of left valve X14. Same dimensions as Fig. 7.

Loc: 3; L.1S: J. U. Pal: Coll,

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII [| WARING } Plate 7

108 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

PLATE 8.
CHICO (UPPER CRETACEOUS) FOSSILS.

(Unless otherwise stated, all figures are natural size.)
PAGE

Macrocallista cordata, new species. 62

Fig. 1. Exterior of left valve; long. 39 mm., alt. 31 mm. Loc. 2,
Ie. S:. J;°U. Ral. ‘Coll.

Glycimeris veatchi Gabb. 61
Fig. 2. Small left valve; long. 25 mm., alt. 25 mm. Loc. 3.
Fig. 7. Large right valve; long. 76 mm., alt. 76 mm. Loc. 3.
Fig. 8. Large left valve; long. 65 mm., alt. 68 mm. Loc. 3, L. S.
J. U.. Pal. Goll.
Isocardia chicoensis, new species. 62
Fig. 3., Left valve; long. 32 mm., alt. 38 mm. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U.
Pal: Coll.
Crassatellites tuscanus Gabb. 59
Fig. 4. Left valve; long. 43 mm., alt. 29 mm. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.
Dosinia milthoidea, new species. 60
Fig. 5. Left valve; long. 29 mm., alt. 30 mm. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.
Trigonia evansana Meek. 65

Fig. 6. Right valve; width 40 mm. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Inoceramus whitneyi Gabb. 62
Fig. 9. Left valve; length 45 mm., width 35 mm. Loc. 3, L. S.
J. UW. Pal. ‘Coll,
Crassatellites wvasana Gabb. 57
Fig. 10. Right valve, small specimen, X%; length 25 mm. Loc. 3,
iy S.J. US Pal. Goll,
Mactra gabbiana Anderson. 63

Fig. 11. Left valve; long. 27 mm. Loc. 3, L. S. J. U. Pal. ‘Coll:

Cucullea youngi, new species. 59
Fig. 12. Large right valve, X34; long. 80 mm., alt. 75 mm. Loc. 2,
L. Sia Ws aPRal. ‘Coll.
Chione varians Gabb. 56

Fig. 13. Right valve; long. 40 mm., alt. 32 mm. Loc. 3, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII [WARING] Plate 8

reo
_ uy
5 fr
&
.

110

Fig. 16.
Fig. 17.

Fig. 18.
Fig. 19.

Fig. 20.
Fig. 21.
This

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH

PLATE 9.
CHICO (UPPER CRETACEOUS) FOSSILS.
(Unless otherwise stated, all figures are natural size.)

Crassatellites triangulatus, new species.
Large right valve; long. 40 mm., alt. 32 mm. Loc. 3, L. S.
J. U. Pal. Coll.
Cinulia obliqua Gabb.
Back and top of average size specimen. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U.
Pal. “Goll:
Turris plicata, new species.
Back of imperfect specimen. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Pinna calamitoides Shumard.
Inside cast showing cross ribbing. Loc. 3, L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.
Cancellaria crassa, new species.
Back view; alt. 22 mm. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Gyrodes compressus, new species.
Back and top of average size specimen; alt. 17 mm., great-
est diameter 18 mm. Loc. 1, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Gyrodes canadensis Whiteaves.
Top and part of side; greatest diameter 17 mm. Loc. 1,
I Se J. UL Pal. ‘Coll;
Rostellites gabbi White.
Front of imperfect specimen. Loc. 1, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Amauropsis oviformis Gabb.
Back view. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Pugnellus rotundus, new species.
Inside cast of imperfect specimen. Loc. 3, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.
Baculites chicoensis Trask.
Side of imperfect specimen showing septe. Loc. 1, L. S.
J. U. Pal. Coll.
Turritella chicoensis Gabb.
Three whorls of a large specimen. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.
Amphiura lymani, new species.
Impression in hard shale. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Scutella (2), species.
Top of imperfect specimen. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Hauericeras transitionale, new species.
Side of broken specimen. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Placenticeras californicum Anderson.
Adult specimen, X34. Loc. 3, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Young specimen, X24. Loc. 3, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Placenticeras pacificum Smith.
Adult specimen, X24. Loc. 3, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Young specimen, X%. Loc. 3, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Placenticeras sanctemonice, new species.
Adult specimen, X24. Loc. 3, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Young specimen, X34. Loc. 3, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
species is intermediate between P. pacificum and P. cali-

fornicum.

Fig. 22.

Solariaxis templetoni, new species.
Front of specimen. Loc. 2, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Ser.

PAGE
59

66

68

67

69

58

69

70

70

70

[WARING ] Plate 9

Ath Series, Vol. VII

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI.,

112 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

PLATE 10.
MARTINEZ (LOWER EOCENE) FOSSILS.

(Unless otherwise stated, all figures are natural size.)
PAGE

Lima perrini Waring. 76
Fig. 1. Right valve, X34; alt. 170 mm., long. 160 mm. Loc. 4, L. S.
j.2UL Pall (Coll,

Fig. 1A. Cross section of shell, X2, showing arrangement of
nacreous and outer prismatic layers. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

Fig. 2. Inside cast of left valve, X24. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Glycimeris veatchi major Stanton. 75
Fig. 3. Right valve of small specimen, X%. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

Fig. 4. Left valve of small specimen, X%. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

| Plate 10

G

| WARIN

., 4th Series, Vol. Vil

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI

Wiis |
ri

114 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41H Ser.

PLATE 11.
(Unless otherwise stated, all figures are natural size.)
PAGE
Venericardia planicosta ionensis Waring. 96

Fig. 1. Right valve, X%. From Umpqua formation (Upper Tejon),
Umpqua Valley, Oregon. This same variety is found in
the Ione at Merced Falls, California. L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.

Fig. 2. . Young specimen showing change in ribbing. Same locality.
fe Sf: Ue Pal. Colt:

Venericardia planicosta hornii Gabb. 95

Fig. 3. Exterior of right valve, X™%.

Fig. 4. Anterior view of both valves, X%, from Olequa formation,
Little Falls, Washington. Lower margin of valves
water-worn.

Fig. 5. Young specimen.

This species is introduced here for comparison. It is character-
istic of the Chehalis and Olequa formations (Tejon Group), Wash-
ington, and of the Tejon of California.

Venericardia planicosta venturensis, new subspecies. 80
Fig. 6. Exterior of left valve, XY.
Fig. 7. Anterior view of both valves, X™%.
Fig. 8. Inside of left valve, X%, showing hinge.
Fig. 9. Inside of right valve, X'%, showing hinge and muscle im-

pressions.

- This species is characteristic of the Martinez formation.
All four specimens are from Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCl., 4th Series, Vol. VII [IWARING | Plate 11

116

Fig.

Fig.

18.

20.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER.

PLATE 12.
MARTINEZ (LOWER EOCENE) FOSSILS.
(Unless otherwise stated, all figures are natural size.)

Trochocyathus sitteli Vaughan.

Side view of sandstone cast. Loc. 5, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Lyria hannibali, new species.
Back view.

Front view, showing plications. Loc. 4, L. §. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Pseudoliva howardi (Dickerson).

Front view, showing body whorl grooves. Specimen slightly

distorted.

Back view. Canal defective. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Fasciolaria mucronata Gabb.

Back view. End of canal defective. Loc. 5, L. S. J. U. Pal.

Coll. f
Lamna (?) clavata Agassiz.

_Side view of specimen. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Olivella spissa, new species.
Front view. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Ficus plectatus, new species.
Back of specimen. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Turritella maccreadyi Waring.

Front of large specimen. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Kingena simiensis, new species.

Dorsal view. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Leda aleformis Gabb.
Right valve. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Miltha parsonsi, new species.

Right valve, X2%. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Cucullea mathewsonit Gabb.

Exterior of small left valve, X%. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal.

Coll.

Exterior of left valve, X%. Loc. 5, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Exterior of right valve, X%4. Loc. 5, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Turritella reversa, new species.

View of imperfect specimen. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Crassatellites grandis Gabb.
Left valve, XY%. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Pholadomya nasuta Gabb.

Left valve with posterior margin broken off, K'%. Um-
bone of right valve shown. Very characteristic of the

Martinez. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll:

Turritella pachecoensis Stanton.

Back view of specimen from Martinez boulder in conglom-
erate of the Topa Topa east of McCray wells. Loc. 8,

To S.J. ae Pals ‘Goll:

PAGE

73

84

86

74

72

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII | WARING | Plate 12

118 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

PLATE 13.
MARTINEZ (LOWER EOCENE) FOSSILS.

(Unless otherwise stated, all figures are natural size.)

PAGE
Retipirula crassitesta Gabb. 83
Fig. 1. Back view. Canal defective. Loc. 5, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Fig. 2. Front view of another specimen. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal.
Coll.
Cardium cooperit Gabb. 74
Fig. 3. Right valve, X%. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Polynices hornti (Gabb). 86
Fig. 4. Back view. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Flabellum remondianum Gabb. 73
Fig. 5. Drawing of top and side, X2. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Leda gabbi Conrad. 76
Fig. 6. Left valve. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Brachysphingus sinuatus Gabb. 82
Fig. 7. Front view of specimen in which spire is worn,
Tig. 8. Back view. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Perissolax blakei Conrad. 85
Fig. 9. Back view. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Ostrea idriensis Gabb. 78
Fig. 10. Ventral valve, X34. Loc. 5, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Gyrodes robustus, new species. 4
Fig. 11. Top view, X™%.
Fig. 12. Back view, X%. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Nautilus hallidayi Waring. 89

Fig. 13. Side view of large specimen, K'%. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII [| WARING | Plate 13

120

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

tN

. 16.

17;

18.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER.

PLATE 14.
MARTINEZ AND TEJON FOSSILS.
(Unless otherwise stated, all figures are natural size.) ess
Macrocallista stantoni, new species. 77

a Hehe valve, X24. Martinez. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal.
oll.
Large left valve, X24. Type specimen. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.
Septifer elegans, new species. 79
Inside cast of right valve. Martinez and Tejon. Loc. 8,
LS) Je Us Pall Coll,

Marcia conradiana (Gabb). 93
Left valve of small specimen which has lost the exterior shell
sculpture in process of preservation. Tejon. Loc. 6,

L.) Ss. J240.) Ball Coll:
Opis virginalis, new species. 78

Inside cast of right valve, X24. Martinez. Loc. 4, L. S. J.
U. Pal. Coll.

Turritella martinezensis Gabb. 100
Back view. Tejon. Loc. 6, 7 and 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Psammobia horn (Gabb). 72, 90
Inside cast of left valve. Martinez. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

Spisula e@quilateralis, new species. 80
oe right valve, X24. Martinez. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal.
oll.

Cardium brewerii, Gabb. 92
Left valve, X1%%. Tejon. Loc. 7, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Sinum dickersoni, new species. 86
Back and top. Martinez. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Act@on merriamt, new species. 8i
Front view, X3. Martinez. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Cucullga morant Waring. 92

View of two valves from above, X%. L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Exterior of right valve, X24, with umbone broken off,
showing ligament pit of left valve. Tejon, 1% miles
east of McCray Wells.

Amauropsis martinezensis Dickerson. 72
Back view. Martinez. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Turritella simiensis, new species. 88

Large specimen, X%. Martinez locality 4, and Tejon local-
ity. (6; 7S: J. U. Pal! ‘Coll:

Fasciolaria chatsworthensis, new species. 97
Front view, X24. Tejon, 114 miles east of McCray Wells.
iy Ss JAUs Lal. Coll:

Crassatellites brannert Waring. 74
Exterior of right valve, *24. Martinez. Loc. 4, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.
Trachytriton titan, new species. 87
Front view of imperfect specimen, X24. Martinez. Loc. 4,
L.. SSPJ2sUs. Pal, Coll!

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII [| WARING | Plate 14

ee ae eee ony
i Ps :

! ;
i herb

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Bo ite

' Wiss bal iS a? pa! AI :: <

ou eat ; eerie i ne : mi
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122

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER.

PLATE 15.
TEJON (UPPER FOCENE) FOSSILS.

(Unless otherwise stated, all figures are natural size.) PAGE

Glycimeris maccrayi, new species.

Young right valve. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Corbula dilatata, new species.

Left valve with posterior tip broken. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

Cerithopsis alternata Gabb.

Young specimen. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.

Conus remondii Gabb.
Front of specimen with canal broken. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.
Cylichna costata Gabb.
Front view. Loc. 8, L.-S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Dentalium stramineum Gabb.
Upper part of shell. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Marcia conradiana (Gabb).

Left valve from Ft. Tejon. This same species is found in

the Tejon at McCray wells. Loc. 6, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Tornatina evoluta, new species.
Front view, showing rapid advance of last whorl. Loc. 8,
E/SsJ20U: Pal: Coll:
Meretrix hornu Gabb.
Right valve from Loc. 6, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Large left valve. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Rimella canalifera Gabb.

Front view showing canal. Loc. 8.

Tornatina erratica Cooper.

Front and side of imperfect specimen. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

Lyria andersoni, new species.
Front of specimen. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Turritella uvasana Conrad.

Part of specimen showing whorls and their sculpture. A
very characteristic Tejon species. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Coll.

Isocardia teyonensis Waring.
Right valve with lower margin of shell missing. Loc. 8,
LS. jee Pals, Coll:
Bursa washingtoniana Weaver (?)
Back of body whorls. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Surcula (7), species.
Back of body whorls. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Galeodea (Morio) tuberculata Gabb.

Front view, with top of canal broken. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U.
Pal. Goll:

Turritella andersoni Dickerson.

Whorls of a specimen showing sculpture. Loc. 8, L. S. J.
U. Pal. Coll.

Turritella infragranulata Gabb.

Imperfect specimen showing sculpture. Loc. 8, L. S. J.
U., Pal: ‘Goll.

Natica (Cryptonatica) hanntbali Dickerson.

Back and top of specimen with prominent spire, X34. Loc.
$b. Sagi. Pal. ‘Coll:

Back of specimen with low spire, X34.

Front of specimen showing callous covered umbilicus. X34.

genus shows great variability in specific characteristics.

Pinna lewisi Waring.
Side of imperfect valve, X34. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U. Pal. Coll.
Amauropsis alveata (Conrad).

Back view of large specimen, X34. Loc. 8, L. S. J. U.

Pal. Coll.

&

&

93

97
100

93

8

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII | WARING ] Plate 15

hie
7)

124 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41m Ser.

PLATE 16.

Fig. 1. View northeastward in the Simi Hills, showing heavy bedded
Chico sandstone.

Fig. 2. View eastward in the Simi Hills, showing Martinez conglom-
erate, to the left, overlying unconformably the Chico sand-
stones which show at the extreme upper right of the pho-
tograph.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCl., 4th Series, Vol. VII [WARING ] Plate 16

Fig. 1

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FourTH SERIES

VoL. VII, No. 5, pp. 125-156, pls. 17—26a. Jury 30, 1917

Vv

THE FAUNA OF A MEDIAL TERTIARY FORMATION

AND THE ASSOCIATED HORIZONS OF
NORTHEASTERN MEXICO*

BY
Roy E. DicKERSON

AND

Witiiam S. W. Kew

INTRODUCTION

Professor E. T. Dumble has submitted to the California
Academy of Sciences for identification and study some Ter-
tiary fossils from the gulf coast of Mexico in the vicinity of
Tampico and Tuxpan, the greater part of which were collected
by Professor E. T. Dumble himself, Professor W. F. Cummins,
Mr. Sands, and Mr. Muir. In all cases the fossils were care-
fully marked and the localities well described. The collection
localities are scattered along the coast both north and south of
Tampico for a distance of 500 miles.

The echinoids are particularly abundant and will doubtless
prove to be excellent horizon determiners, because at several
localities, they are associated with mollusks whose ranges are

* The name “San Fernando,” originally applied by Prof. E. T. Dumble to these

beds, has been found to be preoccupied. Professor Dumble now proposes that they be
called the San Rafael beds.

Printed from the John W. Hendrie Publication Endowment.
July 30, 1917

126 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tH Ser.

known. Some of the echinoids found here were described by
Cotteau from the West Indies. The most widespread beds
recognized in the medial are correlated with the Bowden and
Gatun horizons and their fauna is an inshore facies of the
Bowden. Some of the echinoderms described by Cotteau from
the beds of supposed Eocene age are associated with character-
istic mollusks of the Bowden stage, thus showing that the age
of certain Antillean horizons are an inshore facies of the Bow-
den, upper Oligocene or lower Miocene.

The senior writer is responsible for the identification of the
Pelecypoda, Gastropoda and some of the Echinoidea. The
junior writer determined most of the echinoids and the de-
scriptions of new species are written by him.

STRATIGRAPHY

The geology of this region has recently been discussed by
Professor Dumble.* The accompanying map illustrates the
general relations of the Tertiary beds north of Tampico. See
Plate 16, which was kindly supplied by Prof. Dumble.

Professor Dumble has described this region as follows:

Overlying the beds we have here referred to the Eocene, we find a
series of yellow sands, clays and calcareous beds which carry an Oligocene
fauna. We have called these the San Fernando from the fine exposures of
the beds in the vicinity of the town of that name on the Conchos River.
(Locality x4.) As will appear, these beds all belong to the Upper Oligo-
cene and up to this time no beds of the Lower Oligocene, like those of
the Buenavista River region with Orbitoides papyracea, etc., have been rec-
ognized in the area north of the Tamaulipas Range. From our present
knowledge it would seem that while the Lower Eocene deposits show a
gradual overlapping southward until the Conchos is reached, the Oligocene,
on the contrary, shows an overlapping northward to the same region, so
that along the Conchos the uppermost beds of the Oligocene are in con-
tact with the members of the Eocene there exposed.

In the region of San Jose de las Rusias, which occupies the extreme
southern portion of this area, we have numerous exposures of the Upper
Oligocene. (Localities x3, x5, x21, x22, and x23 are representative of
this region. R. E. D.) It apparently immediately overlies the Cretaceous
and is penetrated by eruptive rocks which are connected with or extend
eastward from the Tamaulipas Range.

The lower beds of the Oligocene in this region are yellow clays, which
are altered in places and appear as hardened shales, and clayey limestones
carrying Cristellaria, Nummulites, corals and molluscan forms followed by
yellow sands and clays with an extensive fauna. The beds have a general
southeast dip. At San Rafael on the Zarizal River, at the extreme south-

1Dumble, E. T. The Tertiary Deposits of Northeastern Mexico, Proc. Cal. Acad.
Sci., 4th series, Vol. V, No. 6, pp. 163-193, 1915.

Vor, VII] DICKERSON & KEW—FAUNA MEDIAL TERTIARY 127

ern end of the district, the contact of the eruptives with the yellow clays is
well shown.

Lying four to six miles east of San Rafael there is a range of hills 300
to 400 feet in height, composed of alternating beds of yellow clays and
clayey limestones carrying poorly preserved molluscan forms together
with great numbers of Cristellaria, corals and some Nummulites. Among
the corals collected here, Dr. T. W. Vaughan determined Favosites (?)
polygonalis Duncan, Goniastrea antiguensis Duncan, Acropora (?), sp.
Orbicella, n. sp., and Goniopora, sp., very similar to or identical with an
Antiguan species. These, he says, indicate an Upper Oligocene horizon
about equivalent to the Chattahoochee of Georgia.

Around the San Jose de las Rusias Ranch the beds which are exposed
show considerable disturbance. Immediately at the ranch the beds, which
are fossiliferous sandstones, dip northwest at a high angle. Northeast of
the ranch a hill 60 feet high shows beds of yellow clay overlain by hard
calcareous sandstone which weathers into rounded masses. A great number
of corals occur within the clays and in the sandstone. Dr. Vaughan re-
ports Orbicella cellulosa Duncan, and Meandrina, n. sp., from this locality.
A short distance north of this hill is another in which the basalt has come
up through the Oligocene beds which are here impregnated with asphalt. To
the east of the ranch, some few miles, there is a range of hills 400 feet high
capped with the Coquina, and lying to the east of the range another vol-
canic hill. North of the Soto la Marina the same clays and limestones
occur and east of the Salitre Ranch the same Orbicella was found as that
occurring southeast of San Rafael, together with specimens of a new
genus of the fungid corals. At and around Salitre were found ‘three
species of echinoderms (Agassizia clevei Cotteau, Clypeaster cubensis
Cotteau, Clypeaster, sp. b occur at Localities x24 and x25. R. E. D.), the
only ones so far found in beds we have recognized as Oligocene.

A range of hills known as the Martines which are similar to those
seen east of San Jose de las Rusias and of about equal height is found here
extending from Salitre southward nearly to the Soto la Marina River.
Along the Conchos River the exposures of the Oligocene are of beds
higher in the series than the bulk of those of San Jose de las Rusias, being
represented in that region by the Pecten beds which lie along its extreme
eastern border. In the valley of the Conchos the greenish clays and soft
sands with their beds of gypsum, which are part of the Frio, are found as
far east as Tepetate and forming the body of the hills lying directly north.
Beds of the Oligocene are found not only overlying these beds at this
point, but stretching several miles westward, showing a clear overlap to
lower beds of the Eocene section.

What seem to be the lowest beds of the San Fernando section were
found three miles west of that town, and consist of cross-bedded gray
sandstones with a thickness of 60 feet. Half a mile east the beds form a
series of falls in the river and we have the following section:

Feet
Wonglome#ate lise ses eelectalsietsloreley eehere siete aie) sere olses (-)elo' s/he ins tatepaceslole, fetes stsye J
Cross-bedded sandstone indurated and with bands of fossils........... 70
Vellowishsandstonesy withetOssilssrrseisaesictstalaveisis|o1sjs\ velsscielala al etsieln)eysfo| = S)
Gray sandstones weathering in holes, few fossils........-...-+++-++5++ 4

The cross-bedded sandstone carries a great number of a large Pecten,
which are well preserved, and, as it appears to be a well-marked horizon,
we have called it the Pecten bed. (Locality x4. Pecten condylomatus
Dall, Pecten levicostatus Toula, Pecten gatunensis Toula occur here. R.
E. D.) It is immediately overlain by beds of sandy clay with fragments
of shells, a well-preserved large gasteropod, and numerous claws of a
crustacean.

128 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4ru Ser.

FAUNA

Most of the localities listed below appear to belong to the
San Fernando formation of Dumble. A very meagre fauna
was obtained from localities x37 and x38 but it appears to be of
Pliocene or Pleistocene age. Orbitoides cf. papyracea was ob-
tained from localities x59 and x64 and these localities probably
represent a lower Oligocene phase corresponding to the Vicks-
burg. Unfortunately no mollusca were found with these
forms. This list indicates the faunal relations of certain
forms satisfactorily. The faunas from localities x14 and x24
are the keys to the relationship of the echinoderms and mol-
lusks of known range. Thus locality x14 yielded Cidaris cf.
loveni, sp., Clypeaster cubensis Cotteau, Macropneustes antil-
larum Cotteau, Astarte, sp., Cardium, sp., Cardium lingua-
leonis Guppy, Glycimeris, sp., Meretrix, sp., Ostrea trigonalis
Conrad, Panope, sp., Pecten gatunensis Toula, Tellina, sp.,
Petalochoncus, sp., Hemipristis serra Agassiz, Architectonica,
sp., Conus interstinctus Guppy, Cyprea, sp., Malea ringens
Swainson, Sinum, sp., Turritella, sp., Urosalpinx (?) sp., Xeno-
phora, sp.

Conus interstinctus and Cardium lingua-leonis are forms
characteristic of the Bowden beds; Pecten gatunensis and
Pecten levicostatus are found in the Gatun horizons and Pec-
ten condylomatus is a species previously reported from the
Chattahoochee and Chipola horizons of Florida. The faunas
from the Chattahoochee, Chipola, Bowden, and Gatun hori-
zons represent somewhat different stages—or possibly facies,
in part—of a great faunal assemblage which lived during a
great period of submergence following the epi-Vicksburg in-
terval. The occurrence of Clypeaster cubensis and Macrop-
neustes antillarum with these mollusks of known range dem-
onstrates that they are members of the Bowden fauna. Hemi-
pristis serra, a shark’s tooth which occurs typically in the
Miocene of Maryland and the Miocene of California is also
reported at this locality.

Locality x24 yielded Agassizia clevei Cotteau, Clypeaster,
sp. b(?), Clypeaster cubensis Cotteau, Lovenia dumblei, n. sp.,
Ostrea, sp., Pecten gatunensis Toula, Ficus mississippiensis

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCl.,

[ DICKERSON & KEW |

19) X 120) X 129] 130

Orbitotdes, SP...
Agassista clevet Cotteau

Cidarts cf. lovent Cotteau.|.

Clypeaster, sp. b...

Clypeaster cubensis Cotted).

Clypeaster, sp. a.

Clypeaster, sp. indet......k
Clypeaster cf. concavus Ca.

Eupatagus, sp... :
Lovenia dumblei, 1 n. . Sp. oe
Macropneustes antillarun.
Macropneustes mexicanun.
Metalia cumminst, n. sp...
Scutella cazonesensts, n. 8).
Schizaster scherseri Gabb...
Schizaster clevei Cotteau..
Aistarle, SP... wk
VAG SD: . aa mer. deve: h
Arca trinitaria Gupby k
Antigona glyptoconcha Dé }
Gardium: Spin. c2 cect.
Cardium gatunense T' sand
Cardium lingua-leonts Gu,
Clementia cf. duriena Con
Chione cf. ballista Dall...
Glycimeris, ts eres
Meretrix, sp. bea re
AVG SPs teeecdic nce eee east
Macoma (?) sp.........
Ostrea haitiensis Sowerby!
Ostrea trigonalis Conrad..
Ostrea virginica Conrad
Ostreds Spit os Re ..nsny

LRAT GS Ee
Pecten gatunensis Toula.
Pecten cf. gatunensis Tor
Pecten condylomatus Dal
IROCL ENS SP ssvein case. n-.caececasy
Pecten oxygonum optimul
Pecten levicostatus Toula
TOS TE OS Sy Disteeee Sep nee Beco eeeee
ih ellina, Sp...

Architectonica, ‘sp... a
Amphissd, SPoo.....000..0000+
Conus interstinctus Gupp
Conus, Sp....
Cyprea, sp.
Ficus mississippiensis Ci
Malea ringens Swainson.
Malea, sp......... : ae

INGISCG) SPieccs eee ceva caneves
Olsua, Sper eicce s.ee

Olivella, sp..
ISSIEUIN SPovs.ccocoyssoicss
Turritella, sp... een ‘

Turritella ‘altilira Conra
Urosalpinx (?) Speco

: XX:

x
HOC XOX

MxX83
MxX79

Xenophora, Sp........... 4
ap

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCL., 4th Series, Vol. VII [DICKERSON & KEW}
LIST OF SPECIES FROM THE SAN FERNANDO FORMATION AND ASSOCIATED BEDS
eS eee eeeeOOwOaOaaOOOOOOoOOOOooqoqeoq*o=~=~=~=q=q$q$q$q=0S—S— ooo

x3) x4] x5 | x14] 21] X22] x23] X24] X25] X29] X30) X31! X32] X33] X34) K35 x36 x37 x38| x40 xad

CSTE Pa bees cel ee WO sel Atl lr Gare teenie le a ea

Ov GREORE ES SIRE sc eerotes ots Recenek Oe eee cca? Pc pte eaters | lrestaeea cee Ngee ahaa Reaeelll raster] eaten | eerie | Scan | pamee. a eae LEN WAH ee
A gassisia hebes CHEMI. chan ceed XC A EEE MSU os SL Roa] OR CBDR (oceae st asia peat |. ante each | fe seal | ecameaee Des pera aan ern pee aera
Cidarts cf. lovent Cotteatt..............00 in| oe: FeO el ea meen Lapa Kee MMP 0 |e ec ego omPRe ISS Nl Diecdes tell nate Moot leer [erat a Porcine | Mosc Bless) eng
Clypeasiar, Ay Han SSR ae a RE tres ences core one Pome | soe SEs erect AP wake Ih eeeoe | ucts | lees call Pageteye |< ceanl OR 711 Andi | Ren [tees teal ee 5 call seta ee ak ol ees ed ea alt” ee ieee
Clypeaster cubensis Cottedtt...........0.000c00f os be eS OSE MS ah ile a ree ae he ate a Mu ie SA lh Ra | Ree aa aca | Sachse] SON | Oat | caret eae tee ae re Me ae | ee to |
CU yBESIBE ESD Uitte ces sec tac ieee] anes iccll maken | ssdeal Sect]! ease tl setae ail Nee aieteaweNibiatee 1 | aes Wipe aca Re |-Sazean|| hse 1 Scmanal te Eom cea ea Te ties et ead | foe | cee TN ee i
Clypeaster, Sp. 1ndet...........c.0- cree ets co Sepega| Lae | ea Bee [peed (eres he el econ ecco pron (rts | ccd arememn) beep ares a) ISrecah| Weekend (score rectal) om Stel Saco o|ec rec | isc ell toe ibe of * x x
Clypeaster cf. concavus Cotteat............-) Jars coe? sign | bse) sotylli epee] eked aeed [mace locos a] ca |- = eee leer ll aeons Neeey Ra ceca Orn ecareia lh accra | Spaces cate | Mes eae mew aa a ete fe
EMPGhagus, SP... c....cccccccecgreeneeseenteneenenennn| eee Soak Ui beewoeddecas acess t| ates Wostogn| Was ailryeseailinsmeed gy ietzerhpeerkecti Mleeea | oss15)( Mies Sl poteai aaa colt eee aie ier eaa |Past ees eee eee
Lovenia dumblei, n. sp. Kew.........0000000 Sheil eae fies oede eee eaewvenl teat pulse DSap Maton li Mesa p berm boaenes | 5 <aAa/ Seah albu real idee Vat tebe ene ae7 lhe cel Rae em ee eee ee
Macropneusies antillarum Cotteau............| ... Dechy sce gad Neel See lp ee ll pete al ee aac awa AL es Meee |<
Macropneustes MEXICANUM, Ne SP... ee [se sep ceca ort Dra (Ook ull Sal oteoc dtsacer pose all mma |< Seabee clara | reenter | Mexcy ei ene sa Oc ara ea oe cen a
Metalia cumminst, n. sp. Kew... He I aba acters eee tae LOT PRR | a ROR al eae IN sal Oe Roe | cee ea ee sae | oe
Scutella casonesensis, n. sp. Rew ee A lh ee Peta Re | tse SOR Uke ne | -2on W nea eR Take ee alta rN Le ta eae ae allt oars Chen Ne NPR oie ‘
Schisaster schersert Gabb.........:.0.0cccecee| cee se Alte. Spe smal arcane e Cats EWS a lo hee ornate: | Mee Ayia oiler exces tee so saline alc ane
Schézaster clevet Cotteat..........c0secccveree| cee pear aera cage sean epee Vcr. ml eae | Seca Re epeers || eee (Meer snl oe 8,8 eae eee oncom is core yt spas ©) | Soe Be ere || ae

xX

AGCEE SP re Pee Re een aso | Wier x
Arca trinitaria Guppy. ......c-1ccccccieeeeeeeeet| cee x
Antigona glyptoconcha Dail. Perla elles os
Cardssiing SPs 220s Sadie nase c daenancer eal ee mee ieee Brat eh Reo Papel Mets ae 2s ieee : Me
Cardium gatunense Tould.............0..000200+ Pete ae 6A eno ha PPAR POE a Sones iceman [Bae ca. [ per Perea cee | Jost’ Lae ae oe Neg eee rad Hee Ae
Cardium lingua-leonts GUPPY...............00.+- sess eeemeel 3228) COR ao eal carat eas ll Rap eR Sek liek Ob Gee Hmm | ce ae | eee la eR eee 4
Clementia cf. dariena Conrad....................) .... SN Soe Sn +1 aeec OA ce ak orl Dee Ae esl etal CP Le eg Rama |, ceeiall alee Fa i oe ee aR

Chione cf. ballista Dall...) eos Ag Me er ln i |e | aed Col ae ee te eS de PB te

Ps
Sy
|

¥
a

be
x

MGEGNEEN GSD, ese ao Ae eth Ae Feral ecb
Ostrea hatitiensis Sowerdy..........0..cccc00000- | o- Rc tully cote Le gee
Ostrea trigonalis Conrad...............00.0c000000+ Ss tees SMT ak" | es mean] te eae | SS atetan a Ma| e c ee SB wale tne |, «cose cee] eeceia| ee | oe See
Ostrea virginica Conrad...............0.cc0cc000c00000 pees ate |||: arco eee Nee eae al oe tos Seer Se Wiccan erts A RS | cocak easy PAD SS Re TR Tr call tach lng onal 2 con or cel Meena cL same ea =.
Ostr eas SP 2s i ee: = ssa|feesey is ON, Aoeaes “peadeh Moers ph aaccull Mea ok 1S Peal cee a ea SR rT oo oe alec al RP accraM ces festa [eltce gH eee saa ae eter ac ee eee ra
PUPA AG) is Pr Soca HG es eee veda fists. hese Meee eh ase ges tlh aed ko al a A Deca | et eae IL Stina Geese eel (etn sabe | Sipe dibs sect | Near aes Ga IN ee ee
PURO Pe SP So Gor creat) med ial ag ees Palle See ee Be | (preysct | PERG RISE OU Wile | rion | encore cheats [he
Pecten gatunensis Tould............c.0ccccccc00e| cove
Pecten cf. gatunensis Toula ae
Pecten condylomatus Dall........0...0.00cc000| 2s.
Pecten, sp
Pecten oxygonum optimum B. & P.
Pecten levicostatus Tould..............00ccccceee| cose

XX:

Tellina, sp.. a eeaene| ss saul Roce SoM cell ase | sere tee
Bea Mec s eo ficoae ae ear nes era as et ol ee bm ace era Ry un) oC ep ye a ee es
Mein pho he ke wre PRD aaa ee en ssh ote Lats ee a ome a poh |e oe ene ree ee a ce tc ee es

Conus interstinc ete eee hie ee bse ised hue [Esai |" cmc DAS ce Ee RREAL ccc Lees label cece Coble, I aint Cetera Or liah eae eae a ec a .

ptmcetareteb sh Meme ih eves fp sews if veoea, WY seeemn il) LAN) Uc ecan il gemebin | seve) oman <[)" eaeegt | qewen J] eeaw “Ip ances osewesy Pl sean ibtsses Eimase 1 Suge Pccpa Stl guacw (JNcuWlSuti=ea"0 M8 ness | OC onan

ippie Etat 8a (eb a, le oy eee o- snes eee wens see tees bonnes pec snes sees . : 5 ro i
Mala ringens Swainson... Pea) Gps eats ca sees seve wees Sao teen || veee wens see sews Tsu snne sess sere sees pom |p ches sree | eee See Pet ace =
Malea, sb. et PREGA SE ks ee e: ae its toes] sane ces, sees tone see BEES spas sane | eae | eveee sone oaee sree wees sees Salt oe os ates - f . : : “ah

Vor. VIT] DICKERSON & KEW—FAUNA MEDIAL TERTIARY 129

Conrad, Melongena, sp., Natica, sp. Of these, Ficus missis-
sippiensis has been found from the Vicksburg horizon and
from the Bowden beds; Pecten gatunensis is a characteristic
form from the Panama Canal Zone. Thus Agassizia clevei
and Lovenia dumblei are proved to be associates of these
characteristic species of the Bowden stage and representative
fossils of the medial Tertiary of Mexico.

We are now able to determine the species characteristic of
the San Fernando beds by using Agassizia clevei, Lovenia
dumblei, Macropneustes antillarum, Clypeaster cubensis, Pec-
ten gatunensis, and Pecten condylomatus as our guide fossils.
The forms specifically determined are as follows: Agassizia
clevei, Clypeaster cubensis, Lovenia dumblei, Macropneustes
antillarum, Metalia cumminsi, Schizaster scherzeri, Arca trini-
taria, Antigona glyptoconcha, Cardium gatunense, Cardium
lingua-leonis, Ostrea haitiensis, Ostrea trigonalis, Pecten gatun-
ensis, Pecten condylomatus, Pecten oxygonum optimum, Pec-
ten levicostatus, Conus interstinctus, Ficus mississippiensis,
Malea ringens and Turritella altilira, The great number of
echinoids and their widespread distribution is due in part at
least, to deposition near the shore-line. All the above echinoids
should prove to be good horizon markers when carefully deter-
mined. Macropneustes antillarum and A gassizia clevei were de-
scribed from beds of supposed Eocene age of St. Bartholomew
and Cuba, but their association here with forms characteristic
of the Bowden horizon proves that they are members of this
fauna.

CONCLUSIONS

(1) The fauna of the medial Tertiary beds of northeastern
Mexico is a littoral facies of the Bowden or Chattahoochee
horizons.

(2) Clypeaster cubensis, Agassizia clevei, Lovenia dumblet,
Pecten condylomatus, Pecten oxygonum optimum, Pecten
gatunensis, are the best guide fossils of the medial Tertiary.

130

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4rH Ser.

List OF LOCALITIES YIELDING TERTIARY FossILs FRom

xO

x4

x35
x36

NorRTHEASTERN MEXICO

San Rafael, Tampico, Mexico, May 16, 1907. W. F.
Cummins.

On San Fernando River near San Fernando, Tamauli-
pas, Mexico. Coll., Prof. W. F. Cummins.

San Jose de las Rusias, 1 mile east.

Tuxpan, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. 9/15/1908.
Colls., Prof. E. T. Dumble and Prof. W. F. Cummins.

Hill one mile east of San Jose de la Rusia Ranch.
Colls., Cummins and Sands.

Hills four miles north of San Rafael. Colls., Cum-
mins and Sands.

Twelve miles east of San Rafael on Zarizal River
where salt water joins fresh. Colls., Cummins and

Sands.

Salitre Ranch. April 1, 1909. Colls., Cummins and
Sands.

Salitre, one mile, North.
Salitre, one mile, North.

Hills north of Tuxpan, State of Tampico, Mexico,
Oct. 25, 1909. Colls., Cummins and Sands.

Kilometer 32, C. F. R. R., near Cazones River,
Region de Papantla.

Kilometer 35, C. F. R. R., near Cazones River,
Region de Papantla.

One mile N. of Tampico and on opposite side of
Laguna de Carpintero from it. Coll., W. H. Steeru-
witz.

Mt. Huitepec near Salteros, Region de Papantla.

Arroyo Hondo on road Larios to Questeponapa, Vera
Cruz, Mexico. Colls., Cummins and Sands.

Vor. VII) DICKERSON & KEW—FAUNA MEDIAL TERTIARY 131

x37 Kilometer 15. C. F. R. R. About 15 miles south
of Tuxpan.

x38 One mile northwest of Tampico. Oct. 5, 1909. Colls.,
Cummins and Sands.

x40 Three miles directly west of Larios, Vera Cruz. Oct.
18, 1909. Colls., Cummins and Sands.

x42 Kilometers 39-41. Cobos and Farbero Railroad, State
of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Oct. 22, 1909.

x43 San Pablo half way between Guitierez, Zamora and
Papinka, Vera Cruz. Oct. 20, 1909. Colls., Cummins
and Sands.

x44 C.F. R. R. Cazones River, Region de Papantla.

x57. Two miles northeast of Tampico. Corals. Colls.,
Cummins and Sands.

x59 About seven miles west of San Marco, Region de Tux-
pan. Aug. 5. Coll., W. F. Cummins.

x62 Nuevo Rancho. Coll., W. F. Cummins.
x64 Morales.

x118 Cut on street railway between Dona Cecelia and
Tampico, State of Tamaulipas.

x119 Blown out of Waters Pierce Well No. 5—Topila, Vera
Cruz, Oct., 1915.

x123 West of Montemorales.

x128 Debris washed from hill at Waters Pierce Well No.
5—Topila, Vera Cruz, Muir’s numbers Mx21 to
Mx35.

x129 Penultimate hill on northwest end of La Puerte
Range, Topila, Muir’s numbers Mx36 to Mx52.

x130 Hill at extreme north end of La Puerte Range, Topila.
Muir’s numbers Mx53 to Mx70.

132 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SEs

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES

Clypeaster cubensis Cotteau
Plate 20, fig. 1; plate 21, fig. 1

Clypeaster cubensis Cotteau, 1876. Description Echinides
Tertiare des Isles Saint Barthelemy et Anguilla, Kong-
liga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Bd.
13, no. 6, p. 6.

Geologic Horizon :—Upper Oligocene or Lower Miocene.

Localities :—x14, x30, x34 (Rio Bravo Oil Company’s
numbers ).

Scutella cazonesensis, new species
Plate 19, fig. 1

Test of large size (approximate anteroposterior diameter,
105 mm., approximate transverse diameter 111 mm.) ; mar-
ginal outline subcircular with prominent, deep, angular notch
in the odd posterior interambulacrum, and with ambulacral
areas truncated or faintly and broadly notched. Test strongly
depressed and markedly thin. Apical system central. Am-
bulacra petaloid; petals symmetrical, of moderate size, and
extending about two-thirds the distance from the apical
system to the margin. In petals of the trivium, the inter-
poriferous area is about two-thirds the entire width of the
petal; interporiferous area of the bivium narrower, equal in
width to one-half the petal. Inner rows of elongate pores
diverge gradually for about two-thirds the length of the petal,
and then converge slightly to the end; outer rows of very
small round pores converge to a greater degree at the ex-
tremity of the petal, and close with the inner rows; pores con-
jugate. Petals half open at their ends. Genital pores small;
pores in radial plates relatively large. Tuberculation on the
superior surface of the test consists of minute crowded scrobi-
cular tubercles. Periproct very small (1.5 mm. in diameter),
and situated about 4 mm. from the margin on the under sur-
face.

This species is similar to Scutella aberti Conrad, but is dis-
tinguished by having narrower poriferous areas in the petals

Vor. VII] DICKERSON & KEW—FAUNA MEDIAL TERTIARY 133

with correspondingly greater width of the interporiferous
area.

Geologic Horizon :—Upper Oligocene or Lower Miocene.

Type :—No. 369, Cal. Acad. Sci.

Type Locality :—X32 (Rio Bravo Oil Company’s number),
kilometer 35, C. F. R. R., near Cazones River, Region de
Papantla, Mexico.

Metalia cumminsi, new species.
Plate 21, fig. 2; plate 22, fig. 1; plate 23, fig. 1.

Test of large size (antero-posterior diameter, 91 mm., trans-
verse diameter, 77 mm., greatest height, 28 mm.) ; marginal
outline suboval, elongate anteroposteriorly, truncated behind
and with broad, indistinct notch in the odd anterior ambula-
crum; edge of test relatively thin. Apical system excentric to
the anterior of the center of the test ; apex immediately in front
of the apical system. Odd anterior ambulacrum in a feeble
depression, the depressed area extending to the outer edges
of the adjoining interambulacral areas; ambulacral areas
narrow, and widening gradually to the ambitus; very small
pairs of pores situated in the center of each plate. Anterior
lateral interambulacral plates wider on the side next to the
odd ambulacrum than on the opposite side. Anterior lateral
ambulacra one-half as wide at the margin as the odd anterior
one. Posterior lateral interambulacral areas wide. Paired
ambulacra petaloid; petals of the same length and narrow;
posterior rows of pores in lateral petals extend in straight
lines, but the anterior rows diverge from the others until one-
half the distance from the apical system to the end of the
petal and then converge close to the posterior rows. Porifer-
ous areas wide, each being about equal in width to the inter-
poriferous area. Pores large, the outer ones more elongate
than the inner ones. Petals placed in broad, moderately deep
grooves; interambulacral areas somewhat raised on the upper
surface and with anterior lateral areas flattened. Actinal sur-
face flat with wide prominent amphisternum. A continuation

134 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tH Ser.

of the odd anterior ambulacral depression to the peristome,
near which it becomes deeper, is present on the under side.
Peristome, large, semi-circular, and with prominent posterior
labrum which merges posteriorly with the amphisternum.
Periproct large and supramarginal. A sinuous peripetalous
fasciole is present; also a broad, distinct, cordate, subanal
fasciole. Prominent perforated tubercles, limited by the peri-
petalous fasciole on the upper surface, are present on the pos-
terior plates of the interambulacra; odd posterior interambu-
lacrum not shown in the specimen at hand. On the under
surface the tubercles are large and for the most part uniform
in size, but are slightly smaller on the amphisternum; those
enclosed by the subanal fasciole are arranged in radiating
rows; smaller primaries are present on the interambulacral
plates adjacent to the odd ambulacrum. The remainder of
the surface is covered with secondaries and granules.

Geologic Horizon :—Upper Oligocene or Lower Miocene.

Type:—No. 371, Cal. Acad. Sci.

Type Locality :—X23 (Rio Bravo Oil Company’s number),
twelve miles east of San Rafael on Zarizal River, where the
salt water joins the fresh. Colls., Prof. W. F. Cummins and
Mr. Sands.

Named for Professor W. F. Cummins.

Macropneustes mexicanus, new species.

Plate 24, fig. 3; plate 25, figs. la, 1b.

Test of large size (anteroposterior diameter, 76.4 mm.;
transverse diameter, 68.9 mm.; greatest height, 34.8 mm.) ;
tumid and with rounded margin. Marginal outline suboval,
slightly angulated, broader and more rounded in the anterior
part; posterior end truncated; broad shallow groove in the
odd anterior ambulacral area. Ambulacra and interambulacra
of varying widths at the ambitus; odd anterior one, very nar-
row; lateral paired areas of equal widths, being about one-
half that of the posterior paired interambulacra; anterior,
paired interambulacra narrower and with the plates adjoining

Vor. VII) DICKERSON & KEW—FAUNA MEDIAL TERTIARY 135

the odd ambulacrum one-half the width of the opposite ones;
odd posterior interambulacrum slightly narrower than the pos-
terior lateral pair. Lateral ambulacra petaloid; pores attain
their maximum divergence rapidly, and then continue in par-
allel lines, the rows extending about seven-tenths the distance
from the apical system to the ambitus; posterior pair of petals
diverge from each other in curving lines; anterior pair curve
forward, the degree of curving being greater within the last
half of their length. Interporiferous area equal to each porif-
erous area. Petals semi-flush with the surface of the test.
Pores large and oval in outline; those close to the apical sys-
tem, very small and undeveloped. Pores of lateral petals ex-
tend beyond their extremities and continue irregularly to the
peristome. Odd anterior ambulacrum possesses a very small
pair of pores in each plate, this character extending from the
apical system to the peristome. Apical system excentric to
the anterior of the center of the test; is very small and con-
tains four relatively large genital pores, crowded together.
Upper surface of test arching slightly and with interporiferous
areas somewhat raised above the surface; apical system de-
pressed. Inferior surface slightly convex; peristome situated
near the anterior margin, large, crescent-shaped and with
prominent labrum which is followed posteriorly by a low
broad amphisternum. Periproct situated on the posterior
truncation of the test, and is larger than the peristome; out-
line subcircular, but with transverse diameter slightly greater
than the anteroposterior diameter. Tuberculation consists of
a few large primaries on the interradial areas and medium
sized tubercles crowded together on the under surface. Peri-
petalous and subanal fascioles present. The finer features can
not be distinguished on this specimen, due to weathering.

This species may be distinguished from other forms of
Macropneustes by the curving of the petals.

Geologic Horizon:—Upper Oligocene or Lower Miocene.
Type :—No. 375, Cal. Acad. Sci.
Type Locality :—MX-130 (Rio Bravo Oil Company’s num-

ber), hill at extreme north end of La Puerte Range, Topila,
Mexico. Coll., Mr. Muir.

136 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4rH Ser.

Lovenia dumblei, new species.

Plate 17, figs. 2a-2c.

Test of moderate size (anteroposterior diameter, 47.5 mm. ;
transverse diameter, 46 mm.; average greatest elevation, 18.5
mm.) ; marginal outline sub-cordiform to sub-oval, slightly
angulated. Abactinal surface nearly flat, but with greatest
elevation in the posterior portion of the test; odd anterior
interambulacral area somewhat ridged. Ambitus of odd an-
terior ambulacrum deeply notched; posterior end truncated.
Apical system excentric slightly to the anterior of the center
of the test; furnished with four large genital pores crowded
together, the two posterior ones being farther apart than the
anterior pair; madreporic area extends from between the
pores, posteriorly into a lobe. Paired petals of equal length;
aborted near the apical system by the internal fasciole; an-
terior rows of the pores of the anterior lateral petals form a
nearly transverse line. Petals pointed, subtriangular in shape,
and curving slightly to the front. Pores large, suboval, and
conjugated; within the internal fasciole, rudimentary petals
are present which extend from the apical system to the
fasciole, but do not connect with the normally developed pet-
als outside. Poriferous areas of equal width for the entire
distance. Beyond the ends of the antero-lateral petals a
double row of small pores continues past the margin to the
peristome. Pores of the odd anterior petal small, obliquely
placed, set close together, and located in the center of each
plate; they continue from the apical system in slightly diver-
gent lines to the ambitus and then converge to the peristome;
this system of pores is not interfered with by the internal
fasciole. The odd anterior groove is shallow on the upper
surface, but becomes more pronounced near the margin and
cuts the ambitus in a deep angular notch, passing on the
under side to the peristome. Paired petals slightly depressed.
Actinal surface slightly concave to the peristome. Amphister-
num broad and indistinct in the posterior part, but becoming
narrower and more prominent to the anterior, culminating in
a well-defined protruding labrum. Peristome situated well to-
ward the anterior portion of the test, large and pentagonal in
outline ; well defined phyllode present. Periproct large, suboval

Vor. VII] DICKERSON & KEW—FAUNA MEDIAL TERTIARY 137

and not depressed. The tuberculation consists of large primary
tubercles on the lateral interambulacral areas of both the upper
and lower surfaces, and in some specimens they are sparsely
present on the odd posterior interambulacrum; large primaries
are lacking on the marginal area ; all are deeply scrobicular, and
with perforated mamelon, the latter protruding above the gen-
eral level of the test. Secondaries, perforated, and possessing a
poorly developed scrobicule; these are situated within the area
surrounded by the internal fasciole, on the marginal area, on the
elevated portion of the odd posterior interambulacral area,
along the odd anterior ambulacral area, and around the peri-
proct and subanal areas. Milliaries are spread over the entire
test; these vary somewhat in size, and are irregular in their
distribution. Internal fasciole circumscribes a relatively large
area ; it is undulating, broad, and very distinct except where it
crosses the odd anterior ambulacral area, at which place it is
either absent or weakly developed. A transversely elongate
subanal fasciole is present.

Geologic Horizon:—Upper Oligocene or Miocene.

Localities :—X23, X24, X25, X62, X63 (Rio Bravo Oil
Company’s numbers).

Type :—No. 364, and cotypes Nos. 365 and 366, Cal. Acad.
Sci.

Type Locality :—X62 (Nuevo Rancho, 35 kilometers north-
west of Tuxpan, near Cerro Azul. Coll., W. F. Cummins.
Cotype localities: X24, Salitre Ranch. Colls., Cummins and
Sands; X25, Salitre, one mile north.

Named in honor of Professor E. T. Dumble.

138

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 17
Agassizia clevei Cotteau. Upper surface of test.
48.5
Lateral surface of test.

Agassizia clevei Cotteau.

Sci. No. 363. & ——
29.5

Lovenia dumblei Kew. UE ance of test.
4
Sci. No. 364, type specimen. & ——
Lovenia dumblei Kew. Upper surface of test.
64

Sci. No. 365, cotype. X ——

48.8

Lovenia dumblei Kew. Force surface of test.
1

Sci. No. 366, cotype. ee

[Proc. 4TH Ser.

PAGE
Cal. Acad.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII | DICKERSON & KEW] Plate 17

140 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4tH Ser.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 18

Fig. la. Schizaster clevei ase Upper surface of test. Cal. Acad.

Fig. lc. Schizaster clevei eg Lateral surface of test. Cal. Acad.
4
SCH NO: G07 SC 3 news Fae AS SR one Ree
48.5
Fig. 2. Schizaster nie als Lower surface of test. Cal. Acad.
ScizNO:308:) Ka se nan aaen daasasea saws seepeeee
54

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII [| DICKERSON & KEW] Plate 18

142 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 19
PAGE

Fig. 1. Scutella cazonesensis Kew. Upper surface of test. Cal. Acad.
106

Sci No: 369) type. XK —=. . ns tects ois eisetcent oee oelee 132
105

Fig. 2. Schizaster scherzeri Sa Upper surface of test. Cal. Acad.
2

Scil INO 368556 ——== 5... sacl Gaiwncers/aleroeaantte es atria ete ete cree
54

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCl., 4th Series, Vol. VII [| DICKERSON & KEW] Plate 19

ney raat
a

j

Bi
ne i} ra

144 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 20
Fig. 1. Clypeaster cubensis ao Upper surface of test. Cal. Acad.

Gen Noiagn S62 re a or
147

Fig. 2. Schizaster oo Lateral surface of test. Cal. Acad.
Set NOs368s, 56 —s «ads g.cloie at agvetewis sib ais oes ceases oeeearete
55

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCl., 4th Series, Vol. VII | DICKERSON & KEW | Plate 20

146 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 21

PAGE
Fig. 1. Clypeaster cubensis ee Lateral surface of test. Cal.
Acad! :ScrcNo:370), Xs. « sgn ernie see ese eens 132
146
Fig. 2. Metalia cumminsi Kew. vorn surface of test. Cal. Acad.
145.
Sci. No. 3712's type: 5 sk hci Oh eh pecodas Heme cban 133
98.7

Fig. 3. Clypeaster cf. concavus Cotteau. Lateral surface of test. Cal.

ResdeSe No 372, Sh ——— sede eee ee
50

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII | DICKERSON & KEW | Plate 21

2
5

148 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 22

PAGE
Fig. 1. Metalia cumminsi Kew. Lower surface of test. Cal. Acad.
119
Sci, No: 371: type. * ——. occas ovine cgaasmcaianesaneee 133
90

Fig. 2. Clypeaster cf. concavus or Upper surface of test. Cal.
Z

Acad) Sct. No; 372) 3€ Sia ses tse as vedere ene eaie cheats
50

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCl., 4th Series, Vol. VII | DICKERSON & KEW] Plate 22

150 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tH Ser.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 23
PAGE
Fig. 1. Metalia cumminsi Kew. Upper surface of test. Cal. Acad.
109

SciaNo3/1) type: <n ahd s ocaews onuene een mace 133
90

Fig. 2. ‘Clypeaster, species A. Upper surface of test. Cal. Acad. Sci.
82

NOS S73 sty pe Ct ae nak ees Seas ee ancl an eae
60

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII | DICKERSON & KEW] Plate 23

152 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Paoc. 47H Sen.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 24
PAGE
Fig. 1. Macropneustes antillarum Cotteau. Lower surface of test. Cal.

Acad: Sci: No. 304, S€ ae. ss aisle aiouess ce alaieserele «sia, s' oer sielsvayais
8&8
Fig. 2. Clypeaster, species 2 aa surface of test. Cal. Acad. Sci.
No: 373; typé. XK ans. hace see eenaiews veclelsdaeseminenes
60.5
Fig. 3. Macropneustes mexicanus Kew. Lateral view of test. Cal.

101
Acad. Sci. No. 375, type. X sor. Mose eefedahehe cities sieeias since) eater 134

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII | DICKERSON & KEW] Plate 24

at
My)

154 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 25
PAGE
Fig. la. Macropneustes mexicanus ee Upper surface of test. Cal.
9

Acad. Sci. No. 375, type. X ——...-- 1 eee e cece cece eee 134
76.5

Fig. 1b. Macropneustes mexicanus Kew. Lateral surface of test.

Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 375, type. X ae Resa ate, ichthonn, ecto

IN & KEW | Plate 25

Vol. VII [ DICKERS(¢

,

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series

iy

ate ay . Wa

ke

a

ea

J i) | ; 1 :
Pd ae .
ets. -

156 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41H Sex.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 26
Fig. la. Macropneustes antillarum Cotteau. Upper surface of test.
118

Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 374. X

Fig. 1b. Macropneustes antillarum ‘Cotteau. Lateral surface of test.

Cal. Acad. Sci, No. 374. K ——m—.... eee ence cece ne cones
88.5

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII [| DICKERSON & KEW | Plate 26

at
if

uy

he or, '
ae bape

[ DICKERSON & KEW] Plate 26a

PROC. CAL, ACAD. 3

SELOZOD af gJ\

eld

soaqy
VODI/2YL BE BIIO>G

; Tor)
\N toe {42x IZe@ |e >
SOU LL “\ aot AD iy

}Nj|Q2D}

=

22!14D

[DICKERSON & KEW] Plate 262

SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII

AL. ACAD.

~
u

O29x
VS.

YIG?D OLY

ODINADL
AO HTD

a

Be bel

hes NH

5 od

ossiouDsy'

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SBILIIWI07 Aissoy ~Zx

os Ov of oz os Oo
S3qiw

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40
LSoyvood. Leva

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FourtTH SERIES

Vot. VII, No. 6, pp. 157-192, pls. 27-31. Jury 31, 1917

VI

CLIMATE AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON THE OLI-
GOCENE FAUNAS OF THE PACIFIC COAST, WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES FROM
THE MOLOPOPHORUS LINCOLNENSIS ZONE*

BY ROY E. DICKERSON
Curator, Department of Invertebrate Paleontology

GONE ENDS

PAGE
Introduction and Acknowledgments:iinon ccc sceciuen ss o0.e oe nesses 158
FU AUIT eae iaiate cto} nc oat ctevohetalorexeveyersvevalsiavetant chs toe ome raise cares nro scaskt ay teens oe so cclets 159
List of Species from California Academy of Sciences Locality
VSL as ceca tarsus techetccal stenet ets Later A Ta rae eas Oe ehatoresbodieteieisvelaaiaiaeaete 159
Climatic Conditions during Lower Oligocene Time................... 162
Comparison of the Lower Oligocene Fauna with the Tejon Eocene
LM O AA COE BOG ODOR OO Aan HOS DAD On COTTE eee eee ore 164
(Goy A PSone ago dea Ob GHA Oman .dudioo Woda SUCLOn es Coe eens East 165
DescriptionsrofiNewsSpeciesprparim areca noeys sie iw Isles ouim ne aneh 166
Wedasmerriamt acetate fortes eee a rorieroins eel ees aelosab eames 166
Arca washingtonianamy saa ol elites & eles «Svein. tharos 166
Gly cim'erisiwan dersonime ry: pesenrs wert tevs cals sim, Sia'e, yoielore Curae ae 166
Barbatia cabbie seiner ithe creed eralsisisie s, «Sherseuls nalbbrslaelane 167
Garditay ((Ganditamera)\cweavierieeen sii. 6 asec cae idea toes 167
PSamMMODianmantinilsryyHerer vcs kets se sels arava eiedhcloenetate 168
AStATeEMpPeNrinl) sa esietdeckelerslemiotec eee cole sista wis kits elena: 168
GorbulaycowditZensis Meise ine pe tetar tens is s:'oj6 0's,0i cheval gable etiatare cos 168
Bitariaclan kits sop ite sneer Peta Soe ER eh ans oats alate ov huleluate tes 169
Spistlapackarditeeyare octet telcos trsevaitekewera gis ae slants slasiuiccelale 169
Semeleiireaganiy seri. carr eetslen ole ietesbe pleieoe eet dd handed ots 170

* Printed from the John W. Hendrie Publication Endowment.

July 31, 1917

158 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

Descriptions of New Species—Continued PAGE
DAXICAVA FALNOLAL aioe arras « aies.caie,s en oe eRihorsow minle Swcleieannelitele ae aval
Diplodontagidalllivw...j5% co einccssre sais sisters ease stwrercciee e hale crasoriele 171
Chama Spacthicay tes: iivc cw ars.cleutereversvaisiaiviswsrai sie) a/6-Os Gisele rio ettioeeedaiaes 172
Meira De eas, ay cpececesaset sia cove) ote o00,r0 Sree nian, 1010, euoserecorateenad iepatisre costars 172
CERO MN! “PAL VARI tecatssatexerey siciatanslegca eters, tuclaioree ences steve RE emeraraiere crs eee 172
Exilia Weavers) aire isis ciacs\e io acotvs-s erareeiea inert, etelsieteia’ ineigaae peuatele-s 173
Neverita nomlandt’. s.c¢ sccreiears cise sins sauintees aa ae Osioeaa noerers 173
Murexavallchant monsoon c.ctccaeacaeniceeicace ce Galena sees 174
Basciolariasgabbi, <dcisvederwies vs aesic cro eatesrerstareioe we Oracles cic eset 174
Gerithiopsise howatd il a. es «1% isto eie «arcleiieeies et ieetal ei sanene 175
ES MICON (Ur pTCLEIAIN I ctar.c cintig, oie rere ereteve’ ce eis etetete nara tiers cietereiersts 175
Galeodeéa: dally oo corel sclnacicis Graversargye ow ole 9 atepcsero re arermnoainne © ere 176
EriLOnIS PIMATUMI, 5c. )s18 close, srosersie ateie oxeusteie areit sj sae. ayer stone cus Os eters ale ele 176
Strepsiduinay pack, o:.vsgie we: ciaie cyo-t-arcye wlararacetoret ale Gvessiste qosietcierists ets 177
Molopophorus stephensoni ...........-.e+eeeee BOR ON oe 177
WiHtOLINal OMPOCEMICA ....-4.cre.¢ arm: crsye: ovare craversvs esas b7e ere tyes Este areleicterataieie 178
Marginellat pacified: 6.62.5 rs cis t.eie's seis, c1eieis @ eole eislo/o: syatsversrayctaraiavers 178
PMUIGINUS ESLOLU yaoi s~ enesays,s/aratsh chars invs,dsate rotors ia siavatsista ion peteieteeleietaereiers 179
Gonts trickmani oj. siz sieeie vie srara dcvas ora ears ate cicteievaie preverarstie eiatere 179
sialon te ar betl aa ovayey 685.00. ores) eveicoveyo,tuoacteicvels\eieleve oceYers laters te Glemvevevscaterctene 179
Seraphs amd CrSOmt scctepecssscsa shure sya cietsra ersteraveraiena'a) ojeie ee ratereusvetowaier tte 180
HipponiyxcqacnOldy ccc ses cs vise alesed eueisre snare ioeisuayaes erate 180
FUP PONY X MO Lia ae fo ie1ave.c10is) a ie /everaicie es ateve ais sievearemat fete eye ae 181
AGIA SIMPLEX: Je s.cseie/.ayerm Sov siSere arate vere Seenais ort eens ieee steele 181
Patellacsubquadratia. jcc. . see sinsias.c/eu scleaislssiaiere) sieiviam demote ts 182

INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Our knowledge of the Oligocene of the Pacific Coast is very
inadequate. In order that we may study the Oligocene, its
fauna must be first described. The descriptions of 36 new
species from a fauna of 48 specifically identifiable forms ob-
tained from a single locality are given below. Better testimony
concerning our ignorance of the Oligocene could hardly be
given when the discovery of a new locality by two such good
collectors and enthusiastic paleontologists as Mr. F. M. Ander-
son and Mr. Bruce Martin results in finding a fauna which is
75 per cent new.

The fauna described in this paper was obtained from near
Vader, Washington, on the Cowlitz River, by Mr. F. M.
Anderson and Mr. Bruce Martin, the Curator and Assistant
Curator, respectively, of the Department of Paleontology of
the California Academy of Sciences. Mr. Martin describes

Vout. VII] DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 159

the locality and incidental stratigraphy as follows: “Locality
181, on the east bank of the Cowlitz River just back of the
Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of Vader, Wash-
ington. There appear to be two formations represented at this
point. The fossils occur in a sandstone formation which is
associated with a conglomerate. The upper zone which is
mostly Ostrea is in a conglomerate composed of basalt pebbles
and boulders. The lower zone is nearly all small gastropods
which occur in blue sandstone. These two beds dip north-
west at a very small angle—about 0°-5°. A few yards to the
south, a well stratified, coarse, gray, compact sandstone is
exposed dipping south at an angle of 10° and striking N.
70° E. This sandstone is probably Eocene. About 20 feet
south of the fossil beds a mass of coarse conglomerate is but-
ting perpendicularly against the sand to the south. This con-
glomerate appears to be the same as that where the fossils
occur.”

The matrix in which this fauna occurs is much coarser than
most of the fossil bearing rocks of the Oligocene, which are,
in general, shaly in this region. Perhaps it may be that Mar-
tin has described an unconformity between Oligocene strata
and the Tejon-Eocene rather than a fault.

FAUNA

The fauna collected by Messrs. Anderson and Martin is
particularly rich in tropical species and the number of species
found at one locality—48—is large. This fauna is listed
below.

LisT OF SPECIES FROM CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Locatity 181

Astarte perrini, new species.
Arca washingtoniana, new species.
Barbatia gabbi, new species.
Cardium lincolnensis Weaver.
Cardita weaveri, new species.
Chama pacifica, new species.
Corbula cowlitzensis, new species.

160 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4tm Ser.

Diplodonta dalli, new species.
Glycimeris andersoni, new species.
Lima bella, new species.

Leda merriami, new species.
Leda washingtonensis Weaver.
Ostrea lincolnensis Weaver.
Psammobia martini, new species.
Pecten branneri Arnold.

Pitaria clarki, new species.
Saxicava arnoldi, new species.
Saxicava, species.

Semele reagani, new species.
Semele gayi Arnold.

Spisula packardi, new species.
Solen lincolnensis Weaver.
Tellina obruta Conrad.

Tellina oregonensis Conrad.
Acmea simplex, new species.
Actzon parvum, new species.
Conus ruckmani, new species.
Crepidula, species.

Cerithiopsis howardi, new species.
Epitonium washingtonensis Weaver.
Epitonium merriami, new species.
Epitonium condoni Dall.

Exilia weaveri, new species.
Eulima clarki, new species.
Fusinus gesteri, new species.
Fasciolaria gabbi, new species.
Galeodea dalli, new species.
Haminea cf. petrosa (Conrad).
Hipponyx ornata, new species.
Hipponyx arnoldi, new species.
Littorina oligocenica, new species.
Marginella pacifica, new species.
Murex vaughani, new species.
Molopophorus stephensoni, new species.
Molopophorus, species.

Neverita nomlandi, new species.
Nyctilochus, species a.

Vou. VII] DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 161

Nyctilochus, species b.

Patella subquadrata, new species.
Seraphs andersoni, new species.
Strepsidura packi, new species.
Surcula dickersoni (Weaver).
Triforis martini, new species.

Of these forms, Epitonium washingtonensis Weaver,
Epitonium condoni Dall, Surcula dickersoni (Weaver), Car-
dium lincolnensis Weaver, Leda washingtonensis Weaver,
Ostrea lincolnensis Weaver, Semele gayi Arnold, Solen
lincolnensis Weaver are characteristic of the Molopophorus
lincolnensis zone or Lincoln horizon of Weaver.’ In addition
to these previously described forms, Neverita nomlandi, new
species and Galeodea dalli, new species, occur at Pittsburg
Bluffs, Oregon, California Academy of Sciences Locality 163;
Barbatia gabbi, new species, at California Academy of Sciences
Locality 165, two and one-half miles southwest of Clatskanie,
Oregon; Pitaria clarki, new species, and Act@on parvum, new
species, at California Academy of Sciences Locality 166, near
Clatskanie, Oregon; Spisula packardi, new species, in the
Oligocene of San Emigdio, California. All of these localities
mentioned belong to Weaver’s Molopophorus lincolnensis
zone. Haminea petrosa Conrad, Tellina obruta Conrad,
Tellina oregonensis Conrad, Pecten branneri Arnold are other
species which range throughout the Oligocene of Washington.
This fauna does not contain any of the characteristic species
of Weaver’s middle and upper Oligocene,—Turritella porter-
ensis and Acila gettysburgensis zones—or the Twin River and
Seattle formations of Arnold and Hannibal,’ which are really
zonal designations, not formational—the equivalents of the
Acila gettysburgensis zone and, in part, the Turritella porter-
ensis zone of Weaver.

No Tejon species occur in this fauna, yet its general cast
is eocenic and some of the species such as Exvilia weavert,
Galeodea dalli, Neverita nomlandi, Triforis martini, Solen
lincolnensis, are apparently congeneric with forms found in

1 Weaver, C. E., Tertiary Faunal Horizons of Western Washington, Univ. Wash.
Publ. vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 4-6, 1916.

2 Arnold, R., and Hannibal, H. The Marine Tertiary Stratigraphy of the North
Pacific Coast of America, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. 52, pp. 579-585, 1913.

162 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

the Tejon Eocene of the Cowlitz River, Washington. Like-
wise no living forms are contained in this fauna.

The character of the sediments and the abundance of Hip-
ponyx ornata, Htpponyx arnoldi, Patella subquadrata, Crepi-
dula, sp. and Acme@a simplex, sessile shore forms, mark this
fauna as a strictly littoral one. In conclusion the fauna appears
to belong to a lower facies of the Molopophorus lincolnensis
zone of Weaver, and its distinctiveness is due in part to its
strictly littoral character and in part to having lived in a por-
tion of Oligocene time older than that of the typical Molopo-
phorus lincolnensis zone.

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS DuRING LOWER OLIGOCENE TIME

The presence of the genera Act@on, Conus, Epitonium,
Exilia, Fasciolaria, Marginella, Seraphs, Strepsidura, Bar-
batia and Lima mark this fauna as subtropical. This character
is in accord with the assignment of this fauna to the Molopo-
phorus lincolnensis zone, the San Lorenzo of Arnold and
Hannibal‘, who inferentially recognized the tropical character
of the Lower Oligocene. Their statement concerning the
climatic conditions in the description of their Seattle forma-
tion is given as follows: “In the sections at Gettysburg, Bain-
bridge Island, Lincoln, Nasel River, Nehalem River, Yaquina
River and several other points, the San Lorenzo formation
is overlain conformably by a succession of beds usually finer
grained, thinner bedded, and more calcareous, though the ex-
ceptions are too numerous to mention; containing a rather
different fauna of less distinctly tropical type and a forerunner
of the boreal Twin River fauna which succeeded it.”’

Weaver has shown that the Twin River formation is non-
existent by a careful stratigraphic survey which connects these
beds as one limb of a syncline with beds which Arnold and
Hannibal regarded as Seattle. A study of Weaver’s faunal
zones, the Molopophorus lincolnensis zone, the Turritella por-
terensis zone and the Acila gettysburgensis zone, seems to
indicate that the upper and lower zones contain very distinctive
forms, but that the middle zone is transitional although more

3 Arnold, R., and Hannibal, H. The Marine Tertiary Stratigraphy of the North
Pacific Coast of America, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. 52, p. 582, 1913.

Vor. VIT] DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 163

closely related to the Molopophorus lincolnensis zone than to
the upper, the Acila gettysburgensis zone.

Weaver‘ described the faunal characters of this last zone
as follows: “The most characteristic species of the Acila
gettysburgensis zone are Acila gettysburgensis Reagan, Mac-
rocallista vespertina (Conrad), Marcia oregonensis (Conrad),
Modiolus rectus Dall, Panope generosum (Gould), Phacoides
acutilineatus (Conrad), Spisula albaria (Conrad), Solemya
ventricosta Conrad, Tellina oregonensis Conrad, Thracia trap-
ezoidea Conrad, Thyasira bisecta (Conrad), Crepidula pre-
rupta Conrad, Eudolium petrosum (Conrad), Miopleiona
indurata (Conrad), Turcicula washingtoniana Dall and Tur-
ritella blakeleyensis \Veaver. Such species as Acila gettys-
burgensis Reagan, Solemya ventricosta Conrad, Eudolium
petrosum (Conrad) and Turcicula washingtoniana Dall ap-
pear for the first time in this zone. They are always the most
common species met with and are entirely absent from the
Turritella porterensis and Molopophorus lincolnensis zones.”

Arnold and Hannibal’s list from their Seattle horizon is
essentially the same. The disappearance of many tropical
genera, the introduction of several temperate genera, are
noteworthy temperate faunal conditions. That the Turritella
porterensis zone was tropical or semi-tropical is well attested by
the occurrence of the reef-building coral, Dendrophyllia hanni-
bali Nomland and other tropical genera. All the known facts
considered, we may then conclude that the Molopophorus lin-
colnensis and Turritella porterensis zones were deposited under
tropical or subtropical conditions and the Acila gettysburgensis
zone, under temperate conditions somewhat warmer than those
of today in that latitude. What was the reason for this faunal
change? May we invoke the great god Diastrophism to aid
us in explanation? Probably a depression in the vicinity of
the Bering region of Alaska occurred at the beginning of the
deposition of the Acila gettysburgensis zone and cold boreal
waters of the Arctic sea brought with them a boreal fauna
some of whose members managed to establish themselves in
Washington, in some cases even crowding out the native
species. The known history of Oligocene vertebrates gives

4 Weaver, C. E., The Post-Eocene Formations of Western Washington, Proc. Cal.
Acad. Sci., Fourth Series, vol. 6, pp. 30-32, 1916.

164 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser.

some decided support to this hypothesis. According to
Osborn,® the White River Oligocene is very different from the
upper Oligocene of the John Day region and further shows
distinct Asiatic and European affinities indicating that the
Bering portal was closed during Lower Oligocene time. The
John Day Oligocene fauna, however, lacks European affinities,
thus indicating that the Bering portal was open at this time.
That a portion of the John Day is the land laid equivalent of
the Upper Marine Oligocene, the Acila gettysburgensis zone
is a probability.

COMPARISON OF THE LOWER OLIGOCENE FAUNA WITH THE
TEJON EocENE FAUNA

The climate during the Tejon, Upper Eocene time on the
Pacific Coast was probably about the same as that of Lower
Oligocene time as indicated by faunal studies. Now some of
the striking things in the Tejon fauna are its general faunal
unity, the great range of many of its species, and the great
number of species composing it. These all appear to be func-
tions of a tropical climate, for when the recent tropical faunas
are studied the large number of genera and species is a charac-
teristic. Dall® has stated this as follows: ‘We may then con-
clude that that part of the average mollusk fauna which is cap-
able of leaving traces in the shape of fossils, under conditions
not greatly differing from those of the present day, if situated
in the Arctic or boreal region, would comprise about 250
species , in the cool temperate region about 400 species; in the
warm temperate, about 500 species, and in the tropical region
not less than 600 species.”

A study of Caribbean Miocene (Upper Oligocene of Dall
and others) faunas reveals the fact that several highly orna-
mented gastropods persist to the Recent; Turris alba Perry, for
example. Again, these Miocene faunas of the Caribbean ex-
hibit a remarkable unity both stratigraphically and geograph-
ically. Briefly, then, one of the characteristics of a tropical
fauna is the great range of many of its species. This subject
can not be discussed at length here but it is introduced to ex-

5 Osborn, H. F., Cenozoic Mammal Horizons of Western North America, U. S.

Geological Survey, ‘Bull. 361, p. 66, 1909.
* Dall; W.. H:, U.S: Geological Survey, Bull. 84, p. 27, 1892.

Vou. VII] DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 165

plain the Tejon faunal conditions. That Tejon time was not
short is indicated by great thicknesses of beds bearing its
characteristic fauna, by coal beds at different horizons, and by
certain faunal conditions which can not be stated briefly.

Since the climatic conditions of the Tejon and Lower Oligo-
cene were much the same, several species common to the two
might be expected. Weaver reports Brachysphingus clark,
Leda uvasana, Crassatellites washingtoniana, Exilia dicker-
soni, and Hemifusus washingtonianus, as Tejon forms which
also occur in the Molopophorus lincolnensis zone. This is a
very small number and, moreover, further collecting has not
increased it. It appears probable that a great interval of
erosion occurred between the beds bearing the Upper Eocene
and Lower Oligocene faunas and that the Tejon species fin-
ished their life course during the time now represented in the
rocks by an unconformable contact yet to be discovered.”

With a subtropical climate during Lower Oligocene (Molo-
pophorus lincolnensis and Turritella porterensis zones) time,
a faunal character similar to that of the Tejon is to be ex-
pected. Hence it may be predicted with a fair degree of
safety that the number of species composing the Lower Oligo-
cene fauna will be large, the ranges of many of the species
very great both stratigraphically and geographically, and that
additional collecting will increase the similarity between the
Molopophorus lincolnensis and the Turritella porterensis
zones.

CONCLUSIONS

(1). The fauna described in this paper represents a lower
facies of the Molopophorus lincolnensis zone of Weaver.

(2) The climatic conditions during its deposition were sub-
tropical.

(3). The Molopophorus lincolnensis and the Turritella
porterensis zones have as yet been but imperfectly described
and their unity is much greater than the temperate fauna of
the Acila gettysburgensis zone of the Upper Oligocene.

(4). The Acila gettysburgensis zone is possibly the corre-
lative of a portion of the Upper John Day Oligocene.

* Since this was written, Professor C, E. Weaver has announced the occurrence
of unconformities in several places in Washington.

166 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4tH Ser.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
Leda merriami, new species
Pl. 27, Figs. la and 1b

Shell inflated, resembling Leda aleformis Gabb in general
shape; acutely rostrate, very inequilateral, very convex; beak
prominent, high; anterior slope convex, ascending; posterior
slope concave; anterior end bluntly rounded; base arcuate;
escutcheon wide, nearly flat; incremental lines numerous,
rounded ; anterior teeth, 24; posterior teeth, 20 to 23; chondo-
phore sub-umbonal, not projecting.

Dimensions:—Length, 30 mm.; height, 22 mm,; convexity,
4.5 mm.

Type:—No. 381, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named in honor of Dr. J. C. Merriam, Professor of Paleon-
tology, University of California, whose guidance and kindly
counsel have been a great inspiration to the writer.

Arca washingtoniana, new species
Pl. 27, Figs. 2a and 2b

Shell roughly rectangular ; small with beautiful beaded radial
ribbing; anterior end straight, making right angles with
straight hinge line and nearly straight base; posterior extrem-
ity, the pointed extension of a marked umbonal ridge which di-
vides the posterior half of the shell into a flat, alate right tri-
angle in its upper third; decoration consists of thirty to forty
subequal beaded ribs.

Dimensions :—Length, 5 mm.

Type:—No. 382, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Glycimeris andersoni, new species
Pl. 27, Figs. 3a, 3b and 3c

Shell inflated equivalve, nearly equilateral; beaks small, base
arcuate, meeting straight, anterior slope medially at anterior

Vou. VII] DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 167

end and merging into the convex posterior ; dorsal line straight ;
seven sloping teeth on either side of six nearly vertical smaller
teeth which are centrally located on a strong, wide hinge plate.

Dimensions :—Length, 27 mm.; height, 26 mm. ; convexity,
of right valve of type, 8 mm.

Type:—No. 383 and cotype 384, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality
181, near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of
the Cowlitz River just back of the Greeco ranch house, about
four miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce
Martin.

Named in honor of Mr. F. M. Anderson, who collected the
type.

Barbatia gabbi, new species
Pl. 27, Fig. 4

Shell small, with nearly straight hinge line; ventral margin
very broadly rounded; anterior end narrowly rounded; pos-
terior end rounded broadly, meeting the ventral margin at the
extremity of a rounded indefinite umbonal slope.

This description is based upon a study of the growth lines of
the broken type and checked by a specimen from another local-
ity which shows a complete outline.

Type:—No. 385, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Cardita (Carditamera) weaveri, new species
Pl. 27, Figs. 5a and 5b

Shell elongate-quadrate, small; hinge plate heavy, typical;
rounded, radial beaded ribs cut by somewhat squamose incre-
mental ribs decorating the shell.

Dimensions :—Length, 7.5 mm.; height, 5 mm.

Type:—No. 386, cotype 387, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181,
near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the
Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four
miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named for Dr. C. E. Weaver of the University of Wash-
ington.

168 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

Psammobia martini, new species
Pl. 27, Figs. 7a and 7b

Shell elongate, flat; nearly flat posterior slope meeting disk
of shell along a convex umbonal slope; anterior dorsal slope but
slightly excavated under beak sloping less steeply than the pos-
terior dorsal margin.

Dimensions :—Convexity, 5 mm.

Type:—No. 389, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on the east bank of the Cowlitz
River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles
east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named for Mr. Bruce Martin, who collected the type of this
species.

Astarte perrini, new species
Pl. 27, Figs. 8a and 8b

Shell quadrate with prominent, sharply pointed beak which is
one-third of shell length from acutely rounded anterior; pos-
terior margin truncate; ventral margin broadly arcuate; pos-
terior dorsal margin straight with gentle slope from beak to
posterior; anterior dorsal slope concave with elongate narrow
fairly distinct lunule; escutcheon indefinite.

Dimensions :—Length, 15.5 mm.; height, 13 mm.; convex-
ity, 3 mm.

Type:—No. 390, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on the east bank of the Cowlitz
River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles
east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named for Professor James Perrin Smith of Stanford Uni-
versity.

Corbula cowlitzensis, new species
Pl. 28, Figs. 3a, 3b and 3c

Shell small, thick, equivalve with inconspicuous beak; an-
terior dorsal margin convex, sloping steeply to an acutely
rounded anterior; ventral margin very broadly rounded; pos-
terior slope, a triangular area with apex at beak, nearly flat,
shallowly grooved and separated from the rest of the shell by a
very sharp ridge which extends from the beak to the posterior
end.

Vor. VII] DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 169

Dimensions :—Length, 6 mm.; height, 4 mm.; convexity, 2
mm.
Type:—No. 391, cotype 392, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181,
near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the
Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four
miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Pitaria clarki, new species
Pl. 28, Figs. 4a, 4b and 4c

Shell ovate, solid, concentrically sulcate; pallial sinus ample,
deep, reaching the middle of shell, but slightly ascending ; hinge
with strong lateral in left valve, weak lateral in right; lunule
not deeply impressed, bounded by an incised line, equally di-
vided between the two valves; escutcheon elongate, poorly de-
fined.

This species differs from Pitaria dalli Weaver in having a
less quadrate and less elongate form, in having acute—not
rounded—ribs, and in being less inflated.

Dimensions:—Length of left valve, 41 mm.; height of left
valve, 36.5 mm. ; convexity of left valve, 7 mm.

Type:—No. 393, cotype 394, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181,
near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on the east bank of
the Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about
four miles east of Vader.

Named for Dr. B. L. Clark, Instructor in Paleontology, Uni-
versity of California.

Spisula packardi, new species
Pl. 28, Figs. 5a and 5b

Shell large trigonal, equivalve, nearly equilateral, ventricose,
ornamented by numerous fine concentric ridges which are more
pronounced and more numerous on the anterior dorsal area
than upon other portions of the shell; beaks moderately prom-
inent ; anterior dorsal area limited by a distinct ridge extending
from the umbo to the anterior extremity; the margin of this
area slightly curved; posterior dorsal slope slightly convex,
limited by an indistinct ridge which extends from the beak to
the base of the shell; anterior extremity more sharply pointed

170 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

than the posterior; base very broadly rounded; hinge plate
fairly broad; chondophore oblique, shallow, apically roofed by
a broad flat spur ; left cardinal prominent, high, arms broad, ex-
tending from the dorsal to the ventral margin of the plate;
ventral sinus, narrow, deep; right cardinal with a prominent
anterior arm and with a well developed, but very thin, posterior
arm; lamine long, fairly distant from beaks; anterior lateral
formed from the margin of the plate, top acute; posterior
lateral also with acute top, dorsal and ventral slopes nearly
equal; anterior ventral lamina formed from upturned edge of
the hinge plate not confluent with the anterior dorsal cardinal
arm.

Dimensions :—Length, 53 mm.; height, 39 mm.; convexity,
11 mm.

This species has the same general outline as S. merriami
Packard, but its sculpturing on the anterior dorsal area is differ-
ent, its posterior less sharply truncated and the laminze more
divergent.

Type:—No. 395, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader.

Named for Professor Earl L. Packard of the University of
Oregon, whose excellent work on West Coast Mactrinz has
made the members of this subfamily very useful to workers in
paleontology.

Semele reagani, new species

Pl. 29, Figs. la, 1b, le and 1d

Shell medium size with prominent subcentral beak; lunule
and escutcheon obscure; anterior dorsal margin slightly con-
cave; posterior dorsal margin straight, sloping to rounded pos-
terior ; anterior sub-truncate ; a faint umbonal ridge cutting fine
rounded, growth lines decorating shell.

Dimensions:—Length, 13.5 mm.; height, 12.5 mm.; con-
vexity, 2.5 mm.

Type:—No. 396, cotype 397, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181,
near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the

Vou. VII] ~=DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 171

Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four
miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named for Mr. A. B. Reagan, who described several inter-
esting Oligocene fossils from Washington.

Saxicava arnoldi, new species
Pl. 29, Figs. 5a and 5b

Shell small, inflated, with thin shell substance ; beaks con-
spicuous, large, approximate; hinge line nearly straight; an-
terior and posterior truncated; pronounced, oval gaping pos-
teriorly ; base arcuate.

Dimensions:—Length of imperfect type, 12 mm.

Type:—No. 388, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named for Dr. Ralph Arnold.

Diplodonta dalli, new species
Pl. 29, Fig. 8

Shell medium, inflated, nearly equilateral, equivalve; an-
terior dorsal slope slightly concave beneath small inconspicuous
beaks, thin, slightly convex; anterior broadly rounded; ventral
margin arcuate; posterior slope nearly straight, sloping steeply
to a medial point on posterior half, where it makes well
marked angle with the nearly vertical posterior end. A shal-
low fluting extends from a point near beak to the middle of the
straight posterior end. Concentric incremental growth lines
decorate the shell.

Dimensions:—Length, 22 mm.; height, 23 mm. ; convexity,
7 mm.

Type:—No. 398, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named in honor of Dr. William Healy Dall, whose great
works in Conchology and Invertebrate Paleontology will con-
tinue to guide students in these subjects for years to come.

172 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

Chama pacifica, new species
Pl. 29, Fig. 10

Shell rugose, robust, nearly circular in outline, the height
axis being but slightly greater than length; hinge plate heavy,
arcuate; dentition obscure; irregular squamose incremental
lines decorating the shell.

Dimensions :—Height of imperfect type, 14.5 mm.

Type:—No. 399, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Lima bella, new species
Pl. 29, Fig. 11

Shell small with thin shell substance; ventral margin acutely
rounded; posterior margin straight, sloping steeply from nar-
row straight hinge line; anterior margin broadly arcuate; very
fine radial ribs decorating shell.

Dimensions :—Height, 9 mm.; length, 6 mm.

Type:—No. 400, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Actzon parvum, new species
Pl. 29, Figs. 12a and 12b

Shell small, number of whorls probably five; body-whorl
cylindrical ; decoration consisting of about 20 flat equally spaced
spiral lines with peculiarly pitted interspaces; outer lip thin;
inner lip slightly incrusted; aperture, narrow above, elongate
and widened below.

Dimensions :—Length of broken type, 6 mm.

Type:—No. 401, cotype No. 402, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality
181, near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of
the Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about
four miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce
Martin.

Vor. VII] = DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 173

Exilia weaveri, new species
Pl. 30, Figs. la and 1b

Shell, long, slender, spindle form; number of whorls nine or
10; spire whorls decorated by about 12 sub-equal spiral threads
crossed by slightly sinuous growth lines; a nearly central spiral
line slightly stronger than rest occurring at widest diameter
of each spire whorl; fine beading, a result of the intersection of
the two systems of threads further decorating whorls; suture
linear, distinct ; body-whorl exhibiting sinuous, axial sculpture
more prominent than spiral; aperture elongate-oval ; canal long,
slender ; columella nearly smooth.

This form, which is similar to E. perkinsiana Cooper of the
Tejon-Eocene, differs from this last named species in that the
axial ribbing is far less pronounced and spiral lines more
numerous.

Dimensions :—Length of broken type, 23.5 mm.; width of
body-whorl, 7.5 mm.

Type:—No. 410, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named in honor of Dr. Charles E. Weaver, whose investiga-
tions in Washington have greatly aided workers in paleon-
tology.

Neverita nomlandi, new species
Pl. 30, Figs. 2a and 2b

Shell medium in size, very wide, smooth, with nearly spire;
spire whorls, minute, flat-sided ; body-whorl with a nearly flat
upper portion sloping from suture to middle, where whorl be-
comes more convex; aperture semilunar; outer lip thin; inner
lip covered by a callus which is rounded in the umbilical space
which it covers—in most cases completely.

Dimensions :—Length, 13 mm.; width of body-whorl, 17
mm,

Type:—No. 411, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

174 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

Named in honor of Dr. J. O. Nomland of the Geological
Department of the Standard Oil Company.

Murex vaughani, new species
Pl. 30, Figs. 3a and 3b

Shell small; body whorl marked by five lamella-form flexu-
ous ribs which extend the entire length of the whorl; these ribs
developing nodes twisted toward the right at the shoulder,
located a short distance below a sinuous suture; aperture oval,
above, narrowed, below.

This form has such individual characters that the writer feels
but little hesitation in naming it specifically, although only the
body-whorl is known.

Dimensions:—Length of the body-whorl of type, 12 mm. ;
width of body-whorl, 11 mm.

Type:—No. 412, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named in honor of Mr. F. E. Vaughan, graduate student at
the University of California.

Fasciolaria gabbi, new species
Pl. 30, Figs. 4a and 4b

Shell, fusiform with short spire consisting of seven whorls;
first three whorls smooth, naticoid; fourth, fifth, sixth and
seventh whorls marked by four strong equally spaced spiral
lines with one or more intercalary threads, and by 12 axial
ribs which give rise to prominent pointed nodes at the intersec-
tion of the spiral lines; sides of these whorls nearly flat in out-
line, sloping steeply to a wavy suture which is bordered by
slight collar formed by the first strong spiral line of the next
whorl; body-whorl large, rugose, with greatest width one-
fourth of whorl length below suture; space below suture
slightly concave and marked by about 10 spiral threads ; shoul-
der of whorl marked by a very strong spiral line with three or
four threads between it and the next line of almost equal
strength; space below second spiral line covered by three spiral
lines of moderate strength and by about 25 to 30 threads; 12

Vor. VII] DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 1 ASS

axial ribs intersecting these various spiral lines making nodes
at crossings; canal long, straight; inner lip slightly incrusted.

Type:—No. 413, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Dimensions:—Length, 24 mm.; width of body-whorl, 12
mm.

Named in honor of William Gabb, pioneer paleontologist of
California.

Cerithiopsis howardi, new species
Pl. 30, Figs. 6a and 6b

Shell elongate-conic with 11 whorls, the first three smooth
nuclear; fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh whorls decorated by
12 axial ribs crossed by three spiral lines, the uppermost being
the weakest ; rounded nodes at crossings ; eighth whorl similarly
decorated except that the uppermost spiral line is equal in
strength with other two; ninth, tenth and eleventh whorls, ex-
hibiting two more weaker spiral lines bordering upper and
lower sutures, which are impressed and slightly wavy; base
smooth; outer lip, thin, sharp; canal very short, nearly straight,

Dimensions :—Length of type, 7 mm.

Type:—No. 415, cotype 416, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181,
near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the
Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four
miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named in honor of Delle Howard Dickerson, whose constant
aid has enabled the writer to do this work.

Epitonium merriami, new species
Pl. 30, Figs. 7a and 7b

Shell medium in size; number of whorls unknown; apical
angle small, suture, sharp, distinct, linear; each whorl is dec-
orated by three strong spiral lines crossed by about 20 axial
ribs parallel to axis; pits between the two ribbing systems
rectangular, with shorter dimensions parallel to axis; split
rectangles occurring above and below suture.

176 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4tu Serr.

A cotype shows that the first three nuclear whorls are
smooth.

Dimensions :—Length of broken type, 13 mm.

Type:—No. 417, cotype 418, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181,
near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the
Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four
miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named in honor of Professor J. C. Merriam, of the Univer-
sity of California.

Galeodea dalli, new species
Pl. 30, Figs. 8a and 8b

Shell globose, highly decorated by three rows of rounded
nodes on the body-whorl and by wavy spiral lines of variable
strength; four spiral whorls flat sided; fourth whorl marked
by 10 nodes; suture wavy, indistinct; body-whorl square
shouldered, decorated by three rows, about 13 to each row
on upper half, lower row of lesser strength than others;
canal short, twisted backward; a prominent siphonal fasciole
present ; inner lip marked by about 10 indefinite lirations ; inside
of outer lip grooved to match the more prominent interspaces.

No varix appears on the type or cotype or on a representative
of this species from the Oligocene of Pittsburg, Oregon, which
distinguishes it readily from G. tuberculata (Gabb), and G.
marysvillensis Dickerson, both from the Tejon Eocene of the
Pacific Coast.

Dimensions :—Length of broken type, 15 mm.

Type:—No. 419, cotype 420, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181,
near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the
Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four
miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named in honor of Dr. William Healy Dall, Honorary Cura-
tor of Mollusca, Smithsonian Institution.

Triforis martini, new species
Pl. 30, Fig. 9
Shell, elongate-conic, with eight slightly convex whorls;

whorls decorated by three rows formed by the crossing of
three strong spiral lines and about 16 axial ribs which are

Vor. VII] DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 177

parallel to the axis; one beaded intercalary thread with small
beads twice as numerous nodes occurs in addition; suture wavy,
indistinct, canal short.

Dimensions :—Length, 13 mm.; width of body-whorl, 3 mm.

Type:—No. 421, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named for Mr. Bruce Martin, who collected the type speci-
men.

Molopophorus stephensoni, new species
Pl. 30, Figs. 10a and 10b

Shell small, rugose, solid with four whorls; nuclear whorls
smooth, large; third and fourth whorls characteristically
marked by nodose collar which is definitely set off by a rounded
groove from the lower portion of the whorl; third and fourth
whorls decorated by 12 sharp axial ribs crossed by equally
spaced spiral threads; suture wavy, sunken; canal short, re-
curved with strong siphonal fasciole.

The young individual figured has about 18 slightly sinuous
axial ribs instead of 12.

Dimensions:—Length, 13 mm.; width of body-whorl, 8 mm.

Type:—No. 422, cotype 423, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181,
near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the
Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four
miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named in honor of Dr. L. P. Stephenson of the U. S. Geo-
logical Survey.

Strepsidura packi, new species
Pl. 30, Figs. lla and 11b

Shell fusiform, with seven whorls; the first four naticoid;
the fifth and sixth whorls decorated by about 12 pointed nodes
located medially and marking a prominent shoulder; a flat
sutural band is found just beneath suture on last three whorls;
space between sutural band and nodes covered by undulating
spiral threads, two on fifth, six on sixth, nine on body whorl;
space between suture and nodes similarly decorated ; body whorl
large, being two-thirds of shell length, marked by three rows

178 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

of equally spaced nodes, the uppermost, the most prominent
and lowermost, the weakest; further decoration consisting of
numerous spiral threads cut by growth lines; aperture oval;
columella slightly incrusted; canal twisted, short.

This form differs from Strepsidura washingtonensis Weaver
and S. oregonensis Dall in that it is more elongate and its
shoulders on its whorls are more sloping above and less prom-
inent.

Dimensions :—Length of type, 29 mm. ; width of body whorl,
18 mm.

Type:—No. 425, cotype 424, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181,
near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the
Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four
miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named for Mr. Robert Pack, Paleontologist, U. S. Geolog-
ical Survey.

Littorina oligocenica, new species

Pl. 31, Fig. 1

Shell minute with five whorls; whorls nearly flat, suture dis-
tinct, linear; body-whorl about two-thirds the shell length;
mouth rounded; outer lip thin.

Dimensions :—Length, 3 mm.; width of body-whorl, 1 mm.

Type:—No. 426, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Marginella pacifica, new species
Pl. 31, Fig. 2

Shell minute, egg shaped, smooth; whorls four; spire nearly
immersed ; suture obscure ; body-whorl thickest in middle ; outer
lip slightly thickened ; inner lip bearing five sub-equally spaced
plaits, of which the last two are the strongest; canal, short,
wide. This form is very numerous at the type locality.

Dimensions :—Length, 3 mm. ; width of body-whorl, 1.7 mm.

Type:—No. 427, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Vou. VII] DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 179

Fusinus gesteri, new species
Pl. 31, Fig. 4

Shell with six and a half whorls; the first three elevated,
smooth, with but slight convexity ; fourth and fifth whorls dec-
orated by about 10 wavy, equally spaced spiral lines crossed by
10 sinuous axial ribs; body-whorl with axial ribs covering
upper third of shell; the lower portion being covered by spiral
lines only; aperture constricted medially ; inner lip but slightly
calloused.

Dimensions :—Length, 14 mm. ; width of body-whorl, 6 mm.

Type:—No. 429, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named in honor of Mr. Clark Gester.

Conus ruckmani, new species
Pl. 31, Figs. 6a and 6b

Shell small with six whorls; surface of each whorl between
wavy, linear suture and shoulder, concave and marked by three
or four spiral threads cut by numerous, crescentric growth
lines; 18 to 24 rounded nodes decorating shoulder whorls;
body-whorl marked by about 20 granular spiral ribs.

Dimensions:—Length, 12.5 mm.; width of body-whorl, 7
mm.

Type:—No, 431, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named in honor of Mr. John Ruckman, whose careful work
demonstrated the Oligocene age of at least the upper portion
of the white shales of the Coalinga region.

Eulima clarki, new species
Pl. 31, Fig. 8

Shell minute with nine whorls; first three whorls naticoid;
others slightly convex with linear distinct suture and two ob-

180 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser.

scure spiral threads on fourth and fifth whorls; aperture sub-
quadrate; outer lip thin.

Dimensions :—Length, 4 mm.; width of body-whorl, 1 mm.

Type:—No. 433, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of Cowlitz River,
just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Named for Dr. B. L. Clark, Instructor in Paleontology, Uni-
versity of California, whose recognition of the Agasoma gravi-
dum zone as Oligocene has been of great service to the strati-
grapher and paleontologist.

Seraphs andersoni, new species
Pl. 31, Figs. 9a and 9b

Shell, smooth, spindle form, with five whorls; the body-
whorl swollen and five times as long as spire; spire whorls
nearly flat-sided; suture linear; outer lip, thin, sharp; aper-
ture elongate, narrow; canal short, slightly twisted toward the
rear.

This form is less elongate than Seraphs erraticus (Cooper)
from the Tejon Eocene of California and the body-whorl is
much wider.

Dimensions:—Length, 38 mm.; width of body-whorl, 11
mm.

Type:—No. 434, and cotype No. 435, Cal. Acad. Sci. Local-
ity 181, near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank
of the Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house,
about four miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and
Bruce Martin.

Named for Mr. F. M. Anderson, who collected this species
at its type locality.

Hipponyx arnoldi, new species
Pl. 31, Figs. 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d
Shell oval, low with anterior meeting dorsal surface at an

acute angle at apex; growth stages very prominently marked
by shingle-like edges of the successive margins; a great number

Vor. VII] DICKERSON—CLIMATE AND OLIGOCENE FAUNAS 181

of very fine radial lines roughly alternating in size further
decorate the shell.
This form is much more depressed than H. ornata, new
species from same locality and its decoration is very different.
Dimensions :—Length, 13 mm. ; height, 3.5 mm,
Type:—No. 436, cotype 437, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181,
near Vader, Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the
Cowlitz River, just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four
miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.
Named for Dr. Ralph Arnold, who first described and recog-
nized the Oligocene strata of Washington.

Hipponyx ornata, new species
Plate 31, Figs. 12a and 12b

Shell with high apex bent forward so that it distinctly over-
hangs anterior ; anterior end is vertical ; posterior slope meeting
base at an angle of about 30 degrees; very numerous, sub-equal
rounded radial ribs which become nodose at junction with con-
centric growth lines forming principal decoration.

Dimensions:—Length, 10.5 mm. ; height, 5 mm.

Type:—No. 439, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,

just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

Acmea simplex, new species
Pl. 31, Figs. lla and 11b

Shell, small, high, smooth except for concentric growth lines,
with apex at one-third of length from anterior end; anterior,
with very steep slope. This form is very similar to, or identical
with, a small species found in some limestones at the head of
San Lorenzo River in Santa Cruz County.

Dimensions :—Length, 6 mm. ; height, 3.5 mm.

Type:—No. 438, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, just back of the Greeco ranch
house, about four miles east of Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson
and Bruce Martin.

182 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Sz.

Patella subquadrata, new species
Pl. 31, Figs. 13a and 13b

Shell of moderate height, broad, marked by low rounded,
obscure radial ribs with shallow interspaces only half as wide
as ribs; apex two-fifths of shell length from anterior.

This form is fairly abundant at its type locality.

Dimensions :—Length, 6.5 mm. ; height, 3.5 mm.

Type:—No. 440, Cal. Acad. Sci. Locality 181, near Vader,
Lewis County, Washington, on east bank of the Cowlitz River,

just back of the Greeco ranch house, about four miles east of
Vader. Colls., F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin.

eke
ay

3! i
Nias

184

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser.

PLATE. 27

Leda merriami, new species, Xl. Type.

Leda merriami, new species, X1. Hinge view of type.

Arca washingtoniana, new species, X3. Type.

Arca washingtoniana, new species, X3.

Glycimeris andersoni, new species, Xl. Type.

Glycimeris andersoni, new species, X2. Hinge view of cotype.

Glycimeris andersoni, new species, X1. Umbone view of type.

Barbatia gabbi, new species, X2. Type.

Cardita (Carditamera) weaveri, new species, <2. Type.

Cardita (Carditamera) weaveri, new species, X2. Hinge view
of cotype.

Saxicava, species, <2.

Psammobia martini, new species, <1.

Psammobia martini, new species, Xl. Hinge view.

Astarte perrini, new species, <2. Type.

Astarte perrini, new species, X2. Hinge view of type.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII [ DICKERSON | Plate 27

i ya)
ai
Avi
a

186

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

PLATE 28

Ostrea lincolnensis Weaver, approximately X34.

Pecten branneri Arnold, X2. A young individual.

Corbula cowlitzensis, new species, X3. Type; a right valve.
Corbula cowlitzensis, new species, X3. Hinge view of type.
Corbula cowlitzensis, new species, X3. Left valve of cotype.
Pitaria clarki, new species, X1. Type.

Pitaria clarki, new species, X1. Hinge view of type.

Pitaria clarki, new species, X1. Hinge view of cotype.
Spisula packardi, new species, X1. Type.

Spisula packardi, new species, X1. Hinge view of type.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII [| DICKERSON | Plate 28

iy

188 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

PLATE 29

Fig. la. Semele reagani, new species, X2. Type.
Fig. 1b. Semele reagani, new species, X2. Hinge view of type.
Fig. lc. Semele reagani, new species, <2. Cotype.
Fig. 1d. Semele reagani, new species, 2.

Fig. 2a. Semele gayi Arnold, <3.

Fig. 2b. Semele gayi Arnold, <3.

Fig. 3a. Tellina obruta Conrad, x2.

Fig. 3b. Tellina obruta Conrad, x2. Hinge view.
Fig. 4. Tellina oregonensis Conrad, 2.

Fig. 5a. Saxicava arnoldi, new species, X2. Umbone view of type.
Fig. 5b. Saxicava arnoldi, new species, <2.

Fig. 6a. Cardium lincolnensis Weaver, X2.

Fig. 6b. Cardium lincolnensis Weaver, x3.

Fig. 7. Lucina, species, «3.

Fig. 8. Diplodonta dalli, new species, <1.

Fig. 9. Diplodonta, species, «2.

Fig. 10. Chama pacifica, new species, 2.

Fig. 11. Lima bella, new species, <2.

Fig. 12a. Actezon parvum, new species, X3. Type.
Fig. 12b. Actezon parvum, new species, <3.

Fig. 13. Epitonium condoni Dall, <1.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCl., 4th Series, Vol. VII | DICKERSON ] Plate 29

Ms

rh,

190 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

PLATE 30

Fig. la. Exilia weaveri, new species, X2. Type.

Fig. 1b. Exilia weaveri, new species, X2. Type.

Fig. 2a. Neverita nomlandi, new species, X1. Type.
Fig. 2b. Neverita nomlandi, new species, X1. Type.
Fig. 3a. Murex vaughani, new species, X2. Type.

Fig. 3b. Murex vaughani, new species, X2. Type.

Fig. 4a. Fasciolaria gabbi, new species, X2. Type.

Fig. 4b. Fasciolaria gabbi, new species, X2. Type.

Fig. 5. Crepidula, species, 2.

Fig. 6a. Cerithiopsis howardi, new species, X3. Type.
Fig. 6b. Cerithiopsis howardi, new species, X3. Cotype.
Fig. 7a. Epitonium merriami, new species, X3. Type.
Fig. 7b. Epitonium merriami, new species, X3. Cotype.
Fig. 8a. Galeodea dalli, new species, 3. Type.

Fig. 8b. Galeodea dalli, new species, <3.

Fig. 9. Triforis martini, new species, X3.

Fig. 10a. Molopophorus stephensoni, new species, X3. Type.
Fig. 10b. Molopophorus stephensoni, new species, X3. Cotype.
Fig. lla. Strepsidura packi, new species, <1.

Fig. 11b. Strepsidura packi, new species, X1. Type.

Fig. 12. Molopophorus, species.

30

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[ DICKERSON | Plat

Ath Series, Vol. VII

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI.,

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CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

PLATE 31

Littorina oligocenica, new species, X4. Type.
Marginella pacifica, new species, X4. Type.
Surcula dickersoni (Weaver), <2.

Surcula dickersoni (Weaver), X2.

Fusinus gesteri, new species, X2. Type.
Nyctilochus, species, <3.

‘Conus ruckmani, new species, X2. Type.
Conus ruckmani, new species, X2.

Epitonium washingtonensis Weaver, <3. Type.

Epitonium washingtonensis Weaver, 3.

Eulima clarki, new species, X4. Type.

Seraphs andersoni, new species, Xl. Type.

Seraphs andersoni, new species, X1. Cotype.
. Hipponyx arnoldi, new species, X2. Type.

. Hipponyx arnoldi, new species, X2. Cotype.
. Hipponyx arnoldi, new species, <2.

. Hipponyx arnoldi, new species, 2.

. Acmza simplex, new species, X3. Type.

. Acmza simplex, new species, <3.

. Hipponyx ornata, new species, X2. Type.

. Hipponyx ornata, new species, xz.
. Patella subquadrata, new species, X3. Type.
. Patella subquadrata, new species, 3.

[Proc. 4tH Ser.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII [ DICKERSON | Plate 31

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184 5 U,

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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FourTH SERIES

Vot. VII, No. 7, pp. 193-196, 1 figure. Jury 30, 1917

VII

CLIMATIC ZONES OF MARTINEZ EOCENE TIME*

BY ROY E. DICKERSON
Curator Department of Invertebrate Paleontology

Strata of Martinez age occur in California in two distinct
basins, the San Francisco and Los Angeles basins. Of these,
the San Francisco basin is roughly outlined by the occurrence
at Lower Lake, Lake Co., Cal., at Martinez, on the San Fran-
cisco bay shore, Mt. Diablo region, and San Pedro Point, San
Mateo Co., Cal. The eastern extension of this line is influenced
by the character of the deposits in the vicinity of the Diablo
region as they were in large part laid down in waters of mod-
erate depth, whereas those of Lower Lake are evidently littoral
in the broad sense. The bases for the strand line of the Los
Angeles basin were determined from a study of Martinez strata
in the Simi hills, near Santa Susana, at Rock Creek in the
southern edge of the Mohave desert and in the Santa Ana
mountains. Although the Martinez fauna obtained from both
these basins has an essential unity, yet there are certain signi-
ficant differences which will be described later. The Martinez
sea, judging from absence of sediments of Lower Eocene age,
did not cover the great area between Mount Diablo and the
Tehachapi mountains. See Fig. 1.

It is evident from the mapping that in the San Francisco
basin, the Tejon strand line is in general more easterly while
in the Los Angeles basin, this line is the more westerly.

* Printed from the John W. Hendrie Publication Endowment.
July 30, 1917

194 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Sen.

The principal evidences of climate during Tejon time are
yielded by a study of plants and invertebrate marine forms.
Of these, the plants give very strong evidence of a mild climate
far to the north. Palms have been reported from the carbona-
ceous deposits of Washington and from the Peacock mine in

Fig. 1. Map of California showing probable extent of the Tejon and Martinez Seas. The line
which in general is the more easterly marks the maximum inland extension of the Tejon,Sea and the
other line indicates the probable easterly limit of the Martinez Sea.

Vor. VIT] DICKERSON—CLIMATIC ZONES 195

the Mt. Diablo region. It has recently been shown that the
Tertiary gravels of the Sierra Nevada are of Tejon Eocene
age.’ These gravels and interbedded clays have yielded a con-
siderable flora. Knowlton? states that Laurus (4 species),
Persea (3 species), Oredaphne (2 species), Cinnamomum (2
species), Artocarpus (2 species), Zizyphus (2 species), Ficus
(6 species), and Sabalites (1 species), are tropical or semi-
tropical genera which are abundant in these strata. He com-
pares this flora to that of Florida today. In addition to these
are several species such as liquidambar and magnolia, charac-
teristic genera of the warm temperate climate.

V oluta lawsoni, Macrocallista conradiana, Oliverata califor-
nica, Surcula crenatospira and Cardium dalli occasionally retain
the high coloring characteristic of many tropical genera. The
fauna of the Tejon contains many genera characteristic of the
tropics of the present day.

Among these are Voluta, Siphonalia, Turris, Surcula, Tere-
bra, Cancellaria, Drillia, Architectonica, and Conus in abun-
dance. In addition the colonial corals, Dendrophyllia tejon-
ensis and Thamnasteria sinuata have been recently described
from the type Tejon and the Tejon of the Mt. Diablo region.
The ornamentation of the Tejon species is in general much
greater than that of the Martinez. This is explained in part
by a milder climate during Tejon time and by the fact that
the Martinez fauna is a simple Tertiary fauna as yet unde-
veloped.

As was stated above there is an essential faunal unity in the
Los Angeles and San Francisco basins, but there are certain
significant differences which were particularly impressive while
collecting in the field. Laboratory studies confirm this. At
certain horizons in the Simi hills a good percentage of the
rocks consisted of massed Turritellas, at other horizons Siphon-
alia mucronata, and Amauropsis martinegensis were particu-
larly abundant. One of the striking features was the occur-
ence in great abundance of one of the Volutid@, a form
described by Gabb under the name of Turbinella crassatesta.
This species is an exceedingly rare form in the San Francisco

1 Dickerson, R. E., Stratigraphy and Fauna of the Tejon Eocene of California,
Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept., Geol., vol. 9, p. 398, 1916.

2? Knowlton, F. H., in Topographic Revolution on the Pacific Coast, Fourteenth
Annual Report, U. S. Geological Survey, pt. 2, p. 421, 1894.

196 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser.

basin and the abundance of this Volute, a characteristic tropi-
cal form, in the Los Angeles basin at the Simi hills localities
is significant. The great variety of Turritellas and their abun-
dance is another feature of the Martinez fauna of the Simi
hills. Turritella martinez, Turritella macreadyi, Turritella
pachecoensis, Turritella, new species, a, Turritella, new species,
b, and Turritella, new species, c, are Turritellas whose orna-
mentation suggests life in tropical or semi-tropical waters.
Pseudoliva howardi described from the Martinez of the Rock
Creek region also occurs in the Simi hills. Apparently this
highly specialized form is limited to the Los Angeles basin.
The genus Cerithium is now represented by two species in the
Los Angeles basin, Cerithium butterworthi and Cerithium,
new species. Ovula, new species, was collected in the Simi
hills in two or three localities. The much greater variety and
higher ornamentation of the Pleurotomid@ in the fauna of the
Simi hills is in decided contrast with the simpler types of this
family in the San Francisco basin. This evidence indicates
then that the Martinez of the Los Angeles basin was deposited
in sub-tropical seas, while that of the San Francisco basin was
deposited in waters which more nearly correspond to temperate
conditions of today.

Such studies of climatic conditions enable the student of the
distribution of life to complete, in part, a picture of the past.
That climatic changes in the past were some of the principal
causes of faunal changes is more and more being realized as
the invertebrate faunas of the Pacific Coast and their relation-
ships are becoming known. The closing or the opening of
certain portals or gateways such as occur in the Panama and
Bering regions have not only influenced the distribution of land
animals but marine invertebrates as well. That the Bering
portal was closed during Martinez time is strongly suggested
by the occurence of a Martinez invertebrate fauna in Japan.
Incidental to the closing of this gateway, a shifting of oceanic
currents resulted, and this in turn was reflected by the fauna
of the lower Eocene. In conclusion: well marked climatic
zones were present during lower Eocene time in contrast with
the genial climate of the Tejon whose faunas of the far north
still bear evidences of a tropical origin.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FourTH SERIES

Vot. VII, No. 8, pp. 197-205. Jury 30, 1917

Vill
ANCIENT PANAMA CANALS*

BY ROY E. DICKERSON
Curator Department of Invertebrate Paleontology

The faunal relations of the Atlantic and Pacific have at
various times received the attention of many eminent zoologists
and paleontologists. Recent discoveries and investigations in
the Miocene, Oligocene and Eocene of the Pacific Coast and
Caribbean have caused the writer to review this subject again.
One of the principal results of this work is definite proof of
connections across Panama and Tehuantepec portals during
the Bowden stage. The Bowden stage in Florida, the Alum
Bluff formation, Orthaulax pugnax zone and associated zones
are not upper Oligocene but middle or lower Miocene. The
Oligocene of the Pacific Coast contains no species in common
with the Bowden stage and the stage of evolution of the
Bowden fauna is far more advanced than that of the enor-
mously thick strata (10,000 to 15,000 feet) of the west coast
Oligocene. A brief review of the geology of the Caribbean
and Central American areas is given below.

A basement complex of granites and schists of unknown age
occurs in Mexico and Central America. In this portion of the
Antillean Province both upper and lower Cretaceous rocks are
found and there are a few scattering locations of Carbonifer-
ous and other Paleozoic rocks. Upper Cretaceous rocks are

* Printed from the John W. Hendrie Publication Endowment.

July 30, 1917

198 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

found in all of the larger islands of the Caribbean. These
rocks consist of shales, limestones, sandstones and igneous
rocks of various types. In certain places throughout the
entire region, rocks of Eocene age have been identified. For
example, along the Mexican Gulf border, and in Jamaica,
Cuba, Santa Domingo, and possibly, in the Tehuantepec
Isthmus, rocks of this age occur.

The Oligocene, Vicksburg stage, occurs sparingly along the
Mexican Gulf border, and its southernmost appearance is,
according to Dall’ in Costa Rica. Beds of this same age are
also reported by Hill in Cuba. According to Hill’ the Barba-
does pteropod chert, chalks and red clay occur in Cuba uncon-
formably below the Bowden and he suggests that they are
equivalent in age to the Vicksburg

Resting unconformably upon all of the older formations is
a series of beds bearing the Bowden fauna. The unconformity
between the Bowden and the above described beds is a very
great one and the erosion interval probably represents a great
portion of Oligocene time, at least. Beds bearing the Bowden
fauna are known from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Isthmus
of Panama, Zuluzum (Mexico), Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico,
Trinidad, Windward and Leeward islands, and, according to
the collection of Anderson and Martin, in the vicinity of Car-
tagena, United States of Colombia. Upon a diastrophic basis
the age of the beds containing this fauna appears to be Miocene.

Minor occurrences of Pliocene occur in the Mexican Gulf
border, Colombia and Yucatan, where it merges imperceptibly
with the Pleistocene according to Heilprin® and others.

Pleistocene beds are reported at several different elevations
on all of the islands of the Greater Antilles as well as the small
islands of Barbadoes, where terraces are found at an elevation
of 1000 feet. Pleistocene terraces occur upon both sides of the
Isthmus of Panama, and upon both sides of the Isthmus of
Tehuantepec, but no evidence indicates a Pleistocene canal in
either one of these portals. (See below.) Jordan* states that
the fish faunas of the Panamian and Caribbean are substan-

1 Dall, W. H., in Hill’s Geology of the Isthmus of Panama, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 28, 275, 1898.

ea R. T., Notes on the Geology of the Island of Cuba, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 253, 1895.

ene A., Geological Researches in Yucatan, Proc Acad. Sci., Phila., 136, 1891.

* Jordan, D. S., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 8, 361, 1895.

Vor. VII] DICKERSON—ANCIENT PANAMA CANALS 199

tially distinct, but six per cent of species being common. Ever-
mann and Jenkins’ who studied the problem more in detail
recognized 1307 species on the Panama side. Ruling out 16
of these owing to their very wide distribution, they determined
that approximately 4.3 per cent were common to the two shores.

Belt." a naturalist in Nicaragua, estimates the Caribbean
marine molluscan fauna at 1500 species and the Panamic fauna
at 1341. Of these, but 50 are common to the two shores.

A. Agassiz’ states that all but three of the Pacific echinoid
genera are represented in the Caribbean, but he recognized no
common species. Ortmann, who later studied the echinoderms
from these two regions, states that even genera and families
show a remarkable contrast and that there are no species in
common. Verrill® states that no species of corals in these two
provinces are identical. Genera and families of reef building
corals of the Caribbean Province are, except Porites, absent
from the Panamic region whereas Meandrina, Diploria, Mani-
cina, Colpophyllia, Agaricia, Siderastrea (Astrea), Oculina,
Madrepora and Millepora are abundant in the Caribbean.
Pocillopora, Montipora, Pavonia, are characteristic Pacific
genera and do not occur in the Caribbean. From this evidence
he concludes that there has been no connection between the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans since early Tertiary.

Brown and Pilsbry® state that the genera Cymia, Solenos-
teira, Strombina, Malea, Trachycardium, of belcheri group,
Clementia, Acila, Tesseracme, Cadulus, characteristic Bowden
genera—none of which is a deep water form—occur in the
recent fauna of the Panamic province. None of these genera
occurs in the recent Antillean fauna, hence one concludes that
the Panamic fauna developed from a Bowden stock of probably
early Miocene age.

Spencer’ postulates Pliocene canals through the Isthmus of
Tehuantepec. Bose and Toula™t who have studied the Isthmus
of Tehuantepec, disagree entirely with Spencer’s geologic data
and state that it is impossible to trace marine terraces across

ibe, Evernant, Barton W., and Jenkins, Oliver P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 14,
26, 1 :

® Belt, Thomas, The Naturalist in Nicaragua, London, 247, 1888.

7 Agassiz, A., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 1, p. 301, 1869.

8 Verrill, A. E., Proc. Essex Institute, 323, 1866.

® Pilsbry, H. A., and Brown, A. P., Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila., 1911, 336.

Spencer, J. W., Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. vol. 8, 13-34, 1897.

Bose, E., and Toula, F., Zur Jungtertiaren Fauna von Tehuantepec, Jahrbuch der
kaiserlich-koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 215, 1910.

200 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

the Isthmus although they recognize the presence of stream-
laid deposits resting upon rocks bearing a Bowden fauna. The
faunal evidence along the various lines discussed above in no
manner indicates any recent connections.

Dr. T. W. Vaughan recently published a professional paper,
The Reef-Coral Fauna of Carrizo Creek, Imperial County,
California, and Its Significance, which gives decided support
to Spencer’s views. Vaughan’s conclusions concerning the
interesting coral fauna obtained from the head of the Gulf
of California are:

“1. The Carrizo Creek reef-coral fauna is Atlantic, not
Pacific, in its affinities.

2. During Eocene and Oligocene time there was connection
between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans across Central America,
and there was no sharp differentiation between the Atlantic
and Pacific faunas.

3. Upper Oligocene (Apalachicolan) time was closed by
diastrophic and other geologic events of profound importance,
which separated the Atlantic from the Pacific Ocean by form-
ing a land area extending from North to South America. Dur-
ing Miocene time sharp differentiation between the Atlantic
and Pacific faunas took place, largely by the extinction of the
Pacific elements in the Atlantic area.

4. The Pliocene coral fauna of Florida is purely Atlantic in
its affinities, and since Pliocene time there has been only minor
modification of the coral fauna in the western Atlantic, the
Gulf of Mexico, and the Carribbean Sea.

5. The fauna of Carrizo Creek is related to Pliocene and
post-Pliocene faunas of Florida and the West Indies and can
scarcely be older than lower Pliocene.

6. Subsequent to the differentiation between the Atlantic and
Pacific faunas there was in upper Miocene or Pliocene time
inter-oceanic connection, which permitted the Atlantic fauna
to extend into the Gulf of California and up to its head, and
conditions not yet understood excluded the Pacific fauna from
the area.

7. The locus of the inferred interoceanic connection is not
known. It was probably in the region of the Isthmus of
Tehauntepec, or farther southeast.”

Vor. VIT] DICKERSON—ANCIENT PANAMA CANALS 201

His statement concerning the Atlantic affinities of this fauna
receives strong support when the gastropods and pelecypods
are studied as well. All the coral genera recognized in this
assemblage except one occur in the Bowden or associated hori-
zons. His conclusions concerning the Pliocene age of these
beds rests upon the infirm basis of comparison with a Pliocene
coral fauna from Florida. Conrad in Volume 5 of the Pacific
Railroad Reports, says that “the Ostrea vespertina, Anomia
subcostata, and Pecten deserti occurring in the banks of Carrizo
Creek are unlike any recent forms that I am acquainted with
from the Pacific Coast, but analogous to Miocene species of
Virginia. This formation may therefore be regarded as of
Miocene origin.” Conrad’s early recognition of the Atlantic
facies in this fauna and his conclusions concerning its age
appear to the writer to be essentially correct. Spencer and
Vaughan’s conclusions concerning Pliocene connections be-
tween the Atlantic and Pacific appear very doubtful. This
problem will be discussed at length in another paper.

The Bowden fauna which typically occurs in Jamaica is very
widespread and the relationship between the recent Panamic
fauna and the Bowden fauna is an intimate one. The wide
spread submergence of the Antillean lands is also evidence
which points to the occurrence of shallow connections at least
through the two isthmuses during the Miocene. This submer-
gence was so great at this stage that most of the Antillean
islands were vastly decreased in area.

The recent discovery of Merychippus,* a horse character-
istic of the Miocene, associated with other Miocene vertebrates,
in the Alum Bluff formation of Florida, a Bowden equivalent
or associated horizon, gives us conclusive proof of the Miocene
age of these beds.

According to Professor J. C. Merriam,® this species of
Merychippus represents essentially the same stage in evolution
as one of the recently discovered horses of the Tehachapi
Mountains region of California. These continental deposits
of the Tehachapi Mountains according to Merriam and
Buwalda, represent middle Miocene or the upper portion of the
lower Miocene. Evidently these two faunas will prove of

12 Sellards, E. H., Eighth Annual Report, Florida Geological Survey, 87-88, 1916.
18 Merriam, J. C., in Eighth Annual Report, Florida Geological Survey, 88, 1916.

202 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser.

great value in giving paleontologists an excellent connec-
tion with the Miocene of America, since of all forms in the
Tertiary the stages of the horse are best known.

Finally, a Tertiary fauna from Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali-
fornia, was recently discovered and submitted to Dr. B. L.
Clark of the University of California for identification. This
fauna as determined by Dr. Clark and the writer contains the
following species: Reta gibbosa Gabb, Pecten oxygonum
optimum Brown & Pilsbry, Pecten condylomatus Dall, Pec-
ten gatunensis Toula. Pecten oxygonum optimum occurs at
Gatun, and near Tuxpan, Mexico. Pecten condylomatus is
reported from near Tampa, Chattahoochee formation, Florida,
and Tuxpan, Mexico. Pecten gatunensis is also found at
Gatun and Tuxpan. The type specimen of Turritella tristis
came from Costa Rica. Turritella tristis Brown & Pilsbry
and several other forms not specifically but generically deter-
mined which are characteristic genera of the Bowden stage
were also recognized. I@ta gibbosa Gabb was described from
the Tertiary of Peru and it also occurs in strata equivalent to
the Bowden in United States of Colombia. All of these local-
ities are Bowden equivalents or associates as judged by their
associated faunas.

The evidence concerning the lower Oligocene or Vicksburg
stage is quite deficient and it is impossible to determine any
connections at this time.

Beds of Eocene age containing several species common
to the Tejon of California occur along the Mexican Gulf
border. White limestones in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec may
be of Eocene age. The faunal relationships between the Mexi-
can coastal plain and the Tejon of California indicate that
there were straits which were probably situated in the Isthmus
of Tehuantepec during upper Eocene time. The lack of close
faunal relationships during the Martinez-Eocene stage with
those of the Midway indicates the opposite conclusion. Ac-
cording to Stanton the Pacific and Texan Cretaceous have no
species in common. Although Stanton recognizes the presence
of an upper Cretaceous series containing a Pacific fauna rest-
ing upon a lower Cretaceous, Comanchian stage at Catorce, he

4 Stanton, T. W., Jour. Geol., vol. 3, 861, 1895.

Vor. VII] DICKERSON—ANCIENT PANAMA CANALS 203

states that in no place in the entire region has a commingling
of upper Cretaceous faunas of these two provinces been found.

According to Hill,’ during Cretaceous time the major
islands of the Antilles were started on the crests of oceanic
volcanoes. These land masses thus built up were submerged
in part and the sediments deposited from their erosion con-
tain a fauna of upper Cretaceous age. At the end of Cretaceous
time these strata were folded along northwest-southeast axes.
In late Eocene and early Oligocene time a profound regional
subsidence occurred during which all but the highest tips of the
Antilles were covered by the waters of the Caribbean. This
subsidence was followed by an uplift in Oligocene time, during
which great orogenic movements along east-west axes took
place. This was the stage, if at all, of an Antillean continent.
Possibly many of the larger islands were connected at this
time, and the southern portion of Florida may have been linked
with this large Antillean island. This event was succeeded by
another great submergence and portions of Mexico and Central
America as well as the major portions of the Antilles were
largely covered with oceanic waters, the Bowden stage.

According to the work of Scott'® and Matthew" in the study
of recent and fossil mammals, any connection of the mainland
with the Antilles is very improbable. The species of small
sloth found in the Pleistocene beds of Cuba sprang from a
single form which evidently reached this locality via one of
the raft routes. It appears quite probable that other mammals
in Cuba and other islands migrated in this way.

Scott shows that during Miocene time the mammalian faunas
of North and South America were entirely distinct. These
facts indicate that a period of widespread submergence oc-
curred during the Miocene and the beds bearing the Bowden
fauna may well represent this era of subsidence.

Dall'* has compared the Bowden fauna to that of Bordeaux
and the Aquitanian. Guppy’ has also compared the fauna
to the Dax Miocene and the Bordeaux. The age of the Aqui-
tanian has not yet been definitely settled. De Lapparent*®

15 Hill, R. T., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 34, 223, 1899.

16 Scott, W. S., History of Land Mammals of the Western Hemisphere, 1913.

17 Matthew, W. D., Climate and Evolution, Annal. N. Y. Acad. Sci., p. 204, 1915.
18 Dall, W. H., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, 1897.

19 Guppy, R. J. L., Geol. Mag. Sept., 1874.

2» De Lapparent, Text Book of Geology, 1912.

204 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

places it as lower Miocene and the Stampian and Tongrian in
the Oligocene. Most of the faunal comparisons made by
Guppy indicate the same stage, but the Antillean fauna may
have developed from an earlier cosmopolitan fauna of upper
Eocene age, or we may be dealing with a case of parallel evo-
lution. Most of the forms identified in the Antillean—the
corals for example,—by early investigators have been rejected
by the investigators of today. Thus Vaughan’ rejects all
Duncan’s** European species as occurring in the Antilles. It
seems to the writer that an Atlantis is quite unnecessary to
account for the faunal relationship between the West Indies
and the Miocene of Europe. According to Hill, Orbitoides
mantelli, a characteristic Oligocene form does not occur in the
Bowden beds. Thus, the best evidence for Oligocene age has
disappeared.

Hill states the date of this fauna as follows: ‘In my opinion
it was during late Miocene and Pliocene time beginning with
the Bowden epoch of the Jamaican sequence. Dr. Dall holds
that the age of the Bowden beds is late Oligocene. It is my
opinion that the stratigraphic relations of these beds in Jamaica
indicate a later age. Deferring to Dall’s opinion, I have ten-
tatively accepted his conclusions, however, until more field
work can be done.’”” Thus diastrophism indicates a Miocene
age for Bowden fauna as shown above.

The lack of relationship between Miocene Mammalian
faunas of North and South America indicates a widespread
submergence at this time.

The Oligocene of the Pacific states contains no forms com-
mon to the Bowden fauna. One form, a shark tooth, Hemu-
pristis serra Agassiz occurs in the Temblor formation (middle
Miocene) near Bakersfield, in a Tertiary formation at Tuxpan,
Mexico, an equivalent of the Bowden horizon and in the Mary-
land Miocene. This shark tooth represents a species much
more specialized than usual. One or two other forms from
Bakersfield, California, are very close, if not identical to species
in the Bowden fauna. As the Tertiary of Lower California is
explored, an intergradational fauna should be sought which

71 Vaughan, T. W., Some Cretaceous and Eocene Corals from Jamaica, in Hill:

Geol. of Jamaica, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 34, 227, 1899.
72 Duncan, P. M., Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 21, 1-15, 1865.

Vor. VII) DICKERSON—ANCIENT PANAMA CANALS 205

might show the relations between the Magdalena Bay fauna
and that of the California Miocene.

All investigators have recognized a number of living species
in this fauna, Gabb 30 to 40 per cent, Moore 8 to 9 per cent,
Guppy 20 per cent, Brown and Pilsbry about 5 per cent. These
percentages are all greater than is exhibited in the Oligocene
of the Pacific Coast and the faunal relations to recent fauna
corresponds to our California Miocene. The correct value may
be about 5 to 10 per cent. From all evidence available a
Miocene age for the Bowden beds appears to be correct.

With wide openings between the Pacific and Atlantic in the
Central American region, the trade winds of Miocene time
probably drove the waters of the Atlantic through these pass-
ages and no Gulf Stream existed. On this account, sharply
defined climatic zones were present on both coasts of United
States and the faunas of the tropics were sharply separated
from those of the temperate regions. This oceanic current
condition accounts quite satisfactorily for the scantiness of
species common to the California middle Miocene and the
Magdalena Bay fauna on the west coast.

In summary: The Panama Portal was closed during Cre-
taceous time and this gateway was not opened until upper
Eocene time. During a period of widespread uplift—Oligo-
cene time—the Antilles were probably connected with southern
Florida and possible Central America. Following this emer-
gent stage, a wide submergence occurred during Miocene time,
marked by the Bowden horizon. At this period North and
South America were disconnected and wide straits in Central
America were formed. Since the Miocene, the Panama portal
has remained closed until Colonel Goethals and his men
trenched the narrow barrier by the Panama Canal.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

FourTH SERIES

Vot. VII, No. 9, pp. 207-227, pls. 32 and 33. — Jury 31, 1917

IX

GEOLOGY OF A PORTION OF THE McKITTRICK
DISTRICT, A TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF THE WEST

SIDE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY OIL FIELDS,
AND A CORRELATION OF THE OIL

SANDS OF THE WEST SIDE FIELDS*

BY G. C. GESTER

CONGEN TES
Introduction
Acknowledgments

Location

Tulare (Pliocene) formation
Structure

McKittrick

* Printed from the John W. Hendrie Publication Endowment.

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Superticial depositshyjere see nei alate nc tiene: 3 32d eit w sberciess

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Etchegoin (Lower Pliocene) formation..................
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Shale Series (Santa Margarita-Monterey)...............
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Age and Stratigraphy of the Oil Horizons......................0:
Tost Euillsrytecccirparetstetcisversettrtererece oe aratatetetersVi\ic.staveieiaveso.0n0. 6 sinie ese dose
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Upper Miocene and Pliocene Deposits of the West Side Fields.......

iia 218

219
219

ic 40)

July 31, 1917

208 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

INTRODUCTION

That portion of the great oil belt of California lying along
the western border of the San Joaquin Valley and the ad-
jacent foothills, beginning north of McKittrick, and extend-
ing southward through Midway and Sunset, is commonly
known as the West Side Oil Fields.

The geology of this area was first mapped by Dr. Ralph
Arnold’, who, while following in the main the divisions
worked out at Coalinga, did not differentiate the upper Mio-
cene and Pliocene formations, but grouped them together as a
unit under the name of the Mclittrick Formation.

During the past four years members of the geological force
of the Southern Pacific Company® have done some careful and
detailed mapping in this area and the interpretation of this
mapping, particularly in the vicinity of the southern part of
the McKittrick Oil Field, has given a clearer knowledge of
the deposits than previously existed, and permits the making
of a clearer separation, and a closer correlation with the cor-
responding formations of the Coalinga region. At the same
time a close study of records and logs and of the materials
and fossils taken from the oil wells of these West Side Fields
enables us to draw some interesting and important conclu-
sions regarding the stratigraphy and age of the various oil
zones encountered in them.

This paper is presented with a two-fold object :

1. Of differentiating the upper Miocene and Pliocene de-
posits of the West Side Fields, and correlating them
with their northern equivalents in the Coalinga
Field ;

2. Of showing the age and correlation of the oil sands
themselves of the West Side Fields.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The writer is indebted to many operators and oil men who
have kindly given logs, information, fossils, and other ma-
terials and data since the Midway-Sunset fields first began

1 Bull. U. S. G. S. 406.
?Note: This paper was nearly completed three years ago when the author was in
the employ of the Southern Pacific Co.

Vor. VII] GESTER—GEOLOGY McKITTRICK DISTRICT 209

rapid developments in 1908. More particularly is he in-
debted to Mr. F. M. Anderson, with whom he was associated
under Prof. E. T. Dumble of the Southern Pacific Co. for
several years. Thanks also are due to Messrs. F. H. Kay,
B. L. Cunningham, J. A. Taff, R. W. Pack, E. G. Gaylord,
F. B. Tough, and Prof. E. T. Dumble for assistance, infor-
mation and criticism. A free use has been made of all publi-
cations and maps bearing on this area; the latest and most
comprehensive of which are Bull. U. S. G. S. No. 406 by R.
Arnold and H. R. Johnson and the topographic sheet of the
McKittrick Quadrangle. The latter enlarged to a one-inch
scale was found to be very useful. The reader is referred to
Bulletin 406, page 15, for a condensed bibliography.

I, Upper MriocENE AND PLIOCENE DEPpOsIts oF THE WEST
SIDE FIELDS

LOCATION

The general area under discussion in this paper extends
south and southeast from the town of McKittrick, Kern
County, California, to the southern end of the developed Mid-
way-Sunset field. The accompanying map, enlarged from a
portion of the U. S. G. S. topographic sheet of the McKittrick
quadrangle. shows the area to which particular reference is
made. This is known as the South-End McKittrick Field
and was chosen because in this particular locality there are
exposed typical fossiliferous sections of the Upper Miocene,
Lower Pliocene (Etchegoin) and Pliocene,—fresh water beds
usually referred to as the Tulare. This area occupies the
southwestern portion of T. 30 S., R. 22 E., M. D. B. & M.
The town of McKittrick is located on a branch of the South-
ern Pacific R. R. in the northern part of the area.

TOPOGRAPHY

The topography of the South-End McKittrick area is
similar to that of the lower foothills of the Temblor Range,
being the combined result of structural and erosional agencies.
Extending southeastward from the McKittrick Oil Field is a

210 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

low range or ridge divided in part by a narrow valley. This
ridge has a course of S. 60 degrees E. and in a general way
has its continuation in the Buena Vista Hills. Its highest
points rise to elevations in the neighborhood of fifteen hun-
dred feet above sea level and a thousand feet above the floor
of the San Joaquin Valley. The narrow valley, referred to
above, has an elevation of from 1300 to 1350 feet and is the
result of the erosion of much shattered shales and sands along
the apex of a sharp and faulted anticline. Here, as well as
along the whole belt of the West Side Oil Fields, the dissec-
tion of old and recent valley floors, stream flood-plains, terraces,
and fans is indicative of a general uplift of the region. East-
ward through the hills three steep-sided gulches lead out from
the small valley, in which are located some sulphur springs,
sometimes called Steamboat Springs. Along the sides of these
gulches there are more or less well preserved stream terraces
and flood-plains marking the once higher levels of the
streams. At one locality in Sec. 28 horizontal and cross
bedded oil stained detritus and brea form a prominent terrace
feature. Similar oil-stained deposits are found throughout
the entire length of the gulches and have frequently been
mistaken for live oil sands in places.

GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS

General Statements: Three and possibly four formations
besides the stream and valley alluviums are recognized within
this small area and afford a comprehensive example of the
formational relationships that exist in the McKittrick, Mid-
way and Sunset Fields. On both sides of a sharply folded
and locally faulted anticline there is exposed below the allu-
viums :

(1) Pliocene, Tulare fossiliferous, fresh water beds from
1250 to 1800 feet in thickness ;

(2) Lower Pliocene, Etchegoin fossiliferous marine sands,
clays and marls 200 feet, or more;

(3) Light colored organic shales with sandstone and cal-
careous layers and lenses. These shales may be either
Santa Margarita or Monterey or both. Their posi-

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Seri

=

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es, Vol. VII

e ee
ee (nd =

er

*

GE Ge Sp

AAA Santa Margarita ~

[GESTER ] Plate 32

TD, «=m

Vor. VII] GESTER—GEOLOGY McKITTRICK DISTRICT 211

tion indicates the former. Observations and de-
tailed mapping both to the north and to the south of
this area show quite clearly that both of these for-
mations contain organic shales, and are separated by
local and probably by regional unconformities.

There are well marked unconformities in the South-End
McKittrick area between the Tulare and Etchegoin, and be-
tween the latter and the underlying shale series. Identical
conditions are found in nearly every locality in the West Side
Fields where the overlapping Tulare has not completely
covered the Etchegoin. Good examples of this unconform-
able condition are to be seen in the Gold Hills northwest of
McKittrick, and in the vicinity of Fellows and on Muddy
and Los Lobos creeks in the San Emigdio Ranch. Poorer
exposures are found southeast of Fellows and just south of
old Sunset.

SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS

The only superficial deposits worthy of note are some of the
remnants of former stream flood-plains. In this particular
area, many of these contain oil sands or materials impregnated
with oil which in some places largely consist of tmpure as-
phaltum. The latter beds are usually spoken of as brea beds.
They are formed along the sides of the gulches below the oil
and tar springs. Where sandy they are distinctly cross-
bedded, but when composed largely of asphaltum with minor
amounts of angular shale and sand fragments they show very
poor bedding. A few bones of extinct animals have been
found buried in these beds, among which are some classed by
Prof. J. C. Merriam as belonging to a species of dog, or
wolf. Some horse and elephant bones have also been reported
from this locality. These are of Quaternary age. In the
more recent deposits are occasional bones of small birds and
rodents, but they are far less numerous than in the Rancho
La Brea deposits of Los Angeles. On an old stream terrace
in the workings of the abandoned asphaltum mines, some
mammalian remains considerably older than those above re-
ferred to were found and are now in the possession of Prof.
J. C. Merriam at the University of California.

212 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser.

These stream terraces, well developed in some localities, dis-
play a considerable range in elevation and are the results of
stream action and of oscillations which operated through long
periods of time, extending back into Pleistocene and possibly
late Pliocene time.

TULARE

Excepting the superficial deposits, the uppermost formation
exposed in this area is a fresh water terrane which may be
correlated with the Tulare. The Tulare was named by Mr.
I’. M. Anderson in his paper entitled “A Stratigraphic Study
of the Mount Diablo Range in California,’’* but was previously
described by W. L. Watts.*

These beds at McKittrick, Midway and Sunset are de-
scribed by Dr. Ralph Arnold as a portion of the McKittrick
series which he acknowledges may be in part Tulare.

In the South-End McKittrick field the Tulare is composed
of from 1250 to 1800 feet of loosely consolidated sands, elays,
marls and conglomerates or fragmental shale beds exposed on
both sides of an anticlinal fold and separated in part by the
small valley previously mentioned. The whole mass is light
colored, varying from yellowish gray to drab and is easily
eroded, forming steep sided gulches.

In the upper division there are considerable quantities of
sand and fragmental shale beds with minor strata of clay.
The fragmental shale beds are in a way unique. They are
made up in some instances wholly of small angular and sub-
angular shale fragments derived from the underlying shale
formations. All the facies of shale common to the Santa
Margarita and Monterey of the adjacent areas are found
mingled with comparatively little sand as if, in Tulare time,
these beds were formed by a rapid denudation of the nearby
shale areas.

The lower part of the Tulare is, in a general way, made up
of finer sediments than the upper, containing considerable clay
and marl. A little conglomerate, of which the boulders and
pebbles are mostly well rounded old crystallines and hard
sandstones, is found near the base. Some of the clay is gyps-

8 Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. Geol., Vol. 2, 1905, No. 12.
* Calif. State Mining Bur., No. 3, 1894.

Vor. VII] GESTER—GEOLOGY McKITTRICK DISTRICT 213

iferous and fragments of pure crystalline gypsum are com-
monly seen on the surface. Near the base are several strata
of oil sands and in a sandy shale associated with the oil-
impregnated sands are fresh water Tulare fossils. One of the
best fossil localities is near the mouth of a small tunnel which
was driven for asphaltum, in early days, in the northeast
part of the N. Ei 4 Sec, 340532" S., R. 22). The fossils
occur in a stratum three to four feet wide, which is overlain
by clays and underlain by an oil sand which strikes N. 65 deg.
W. and dips 70 deg. to the northeast. South of this locality
on the east side of a small gully is an oil sand containing
several fresh water species. From these two localities there
was recognized such forms as

Anodonta kettlemanensis (Arnold).
Anodonta andersoni (Arnold).
Amnicola andersoni (Arnold).
Carinifex marshalli (Arnold).
Physa humorosa (Gould).

Several sections were made across the Tulare, the following
being a typical one, beginning at the top:

Soft yellow and gray sands, strike N 62° W, dip

GDC AINE ASR nti hee eyo aera pet ae stra ie 150 ft.
Eragmentall shale: bedwt os5s tesa ee nyos.cic oe sna 66 “
Mellow sandiicraincsivee cs tat tiee ee inc cise ede 40 “*
Gray sand, shale fragments at base............... 1250
Clay i aa Vase ease ede bce eter eters rons: sree izes 20}
Gray Usaniditomainve cain te neh ee a mnria atic cist fone 1500
Claywandserayisancdiclianvecrs sitesi coal islelever cre 90 “
Sarnidye clay: Ri hs sererccr teeters sere eat renee chs seed oie 60 “
ragmental™ shale? ttecst canto ae aera es os ike siese 5s
LO) Eh RR a Meno RH eR echo CCI O CCE Eee 20):
Graly, ‘sanidiir 72 ireqia isin ve ete lo teeeecier pele folic it ara,'ace 100 “

Yellow sand and clay, fresh water fossil horizon.. 90 “
Thin bedded shale and sand, streaks of oil sand.. 85 “
Clay and sand and few pebbles, fresh water fossil

HOrizony Ateneo eaters Petcare 60 *
Oil sand containing some pebbles................. 108
Gay fe anepr cfs oes Gea oe tet eee Lee NS chao acs ciel 45 *
Oilsands sec cserce acess oy ree erent sete etelese: S876 6 0 20'<
GlayandUsandy. easiest aera eee liaise iors 60 “
Motaleeuce igs seen see Pr NRPS fo aie bie 8 oe 1150°*

This section is figured at right angles to the strike in one
of the gulches in Sec. 27.

Another section was made across these beds a mile to the
south which has a similar stratigraphic sequence but is nearly

214 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

400 feet thicker. The greater thickness is due to a better and
more complete section of upper Tulare beds being exposed.
A third section was made across the hills to the west of the
little valley in the S. W. %4 of Sec. 27. In this section the
sequence of beds again correspond very closely and show a
thickness of from 1250 to 1300 feet.

Stratigraphy: The Tulare, as heretofore indicated, occupies
the outside of a southeastward plunging anticlinal fold. It
forms the outer rim of the hills to the south of McKittrick,
striking N. 60° to 65° W. and dipping to the northeast at
from 50° to 80°. In section 35 it swings south and west-
ward around the end of the anticline, thence along the sum-
mit of the hills to the northwest through the S. W. 4% of Sec.
27. On the southwest side of the fold the beds dip from 30°
to 42° to the southwestward.

There is a small local anticlinal fold crossing the gulch in
Sec. 28, but it can not be traced for any distance on either
side of the gulch. Also along the contact with the Etchegoin,
notably in S. W. 4 of Sec. 27 local faulting has contorted
and displaced parts of the basal member of the Tulare.

The basal member of the Tulare rests unconformably upon
the underlying sands of the Etchegoin. In this particular area
there are four proofs of unconformity, (1) difference of
strike and dip, (2) marked overlap within short distances, of
the Tulare upon the Etchegoin, Santa Margarita and Mon-
terey, (3) an abrupt change from fresh water to marine con-
ditions, (4) the Etchegoin beds of this locality, the Lost Hills,
the Midway fields and perhaps Sunset are not the Upper
Etchegoin of the Kettleman region but the lower Etchegoin
of the Coalinga district. This fact deserves to be emphasized
and the various lists of fossils available are such as belong to
and characteristic of the lower, though not the lowest Etche-
goin.

Along the whole front of the slopes of the West Side Oil
fields from North McKittrick to San Emigdio Ranch, wher-
ever there are good exposures of the Tulare with the under-
lying beds, there is a discordance in dip and strike which
varies from a few degrees to as much as twenty degrees. This
differs in degree only from the condition in the Kettleman
Hills where angular unconformity is less visible and is repre-

Vor. VIL) GESTER—GEOLOGY McKITTRICK DISTRICT 215

sented by an overlapping of the Tulare upon the underlying
Etchegoin sands.

The lower dipping Tulare in the South-End McKittrick
field is seen within short distances to rest successively upon
Etchegoin sands and Santa Margarita shales. In some locali-
ties it cuts very abruptly across the edges of the former. In
fact it is only occasionally that any Etchegoin is to be found
exposed, for the Tulare usually extends far across the edges
of the older shale series.

The faunal break is even more apparent as is well exhibited
near the north line of the N. W. % Sec. 35. Here the Ano-
donta and Carinifex bearing sands are found dipping at 60°
within 200 to 300 feet of nearly perpendicular beds contain-
ing such forms as Pecten eldridgei, Pseudocardium gabbi,
Echinarachnius gibbsi, Nassa californica, ete.

RELATIONS TO PETROLEUM

Throughout the whole extent of the West Side oil fields
some oil sands are found associated with the Tulare. The oil
sands are near the base and do not extend far up into the
series. It is an oil that has migrated into the Tulare sands
from the underlying beds and these sands are rarely pro-
ductive of oil in economic quantities in the fields south of the
Belridge. In several wells in the Maricopa flats fresh water
fossils have been found associated with tar sands above the
productive oil measures which in numerous localities contain
marine Etchegoin forms.

In the Belridge field some of the oil and gas at least seems to
be derived directly from the sands within or at the base of the
Tulare. Many of the wells in the central part of the field on
Secs. 33 and 34 of Township 28-21 have thrown out large
quantities of sand saturated with oil and containing shells and
fragments of fresh water species such as

Anodonta species.
Spherium.
Amnicola, ete.

Among the wells producing oil from these fresh water
sands are wells Nos. 3 and 4 of the General Petroleum Co.,
Sec. 3, Township 29-21 and several neighboring wells of the
Belridge Oil Co.

216 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

In the South End McKittrick area the basal 100 feet of the
Tulare contains similar oil sands associated with fresh water
fossils. Several shallow wells have been drilled into these
sands, but production has been small and the oil heavy. This
oil unquestionably came up along the stratification planes of the
underlying beds and coming in contact with the porous sands of
the lower Tulare, migrated along them.

ETCHEGOIN: (LOWER PLIOCENE)

No definite separation has previously been made of the
Etchegoin in the McKittrick, Midway, and Sunset fields.
Several writers have suggested that it existed but no one has
definitely segregated its small areas scattered along the lower
foothills. It is without doubt the most important oil produc-
ing formation of the West Side fields, and for that reason it
should be clearly distinguished from all others.

It is exposed as small areas of sands, oil sands, clays, light
marls, and marly shales along the lower foothills and is
usually overlapped at both ends by the Tulare. Only a few
clear cut contacts with the underlying shales can be found.

The recognition of sediments of the Etchegoin in the South
McKittrick area was due to the discovery of a prolific bed of
fossils made of Pecten eldridgei, Echinarachnius gibbsi, and
Ostrea, species along the McKittrick Sunset Road. This bed
is traceable along its strike for a mile or more. It is best ex-
posed to the east of the county road in the N. E. 4% of Sec.
28. The lower part of the Etchegoin at this locality is made
up of well-rounded hard quartzose and granitic pebbles along
with which are strata of gray and yellow firm to hard sands
with occasional layers of porous white, marly shales. The
latter might easily be mistaken for organic shales. The line
of pebbles at the base is persistent and can be followed with
a few breaks around the south end of this area and westward
again for several miles along the front of the McKittrick oil
field.

Within the particular area treated in this report the Etche-
goin forms a very narrow belt, mostly of sandstone strata
from the N. E. % Sec. 29 diagonally across Sec. 28 and the
S. W. % Sec. 27. Around the point of the anticline in Sec.

Vor. VIT] GESTER—GEOLOGY McKITTRICK DISTRICT 217

34 are one or two small patches of sand questionably re-
ferred to as the Etchegoin. Across the S. % of Sec. 28 yel-
low and gray Etchegoin sands strike N. 74° W. and extend
into Sec. 29, where they are covered by the overlapping
Tulare beds. Fossils of the same species that characterize the
Lower Etchegoin of the Coalinga district are found in several
localities in this area. The best collections were made from
a hard gray sandstone on the southeast slope of a knoll in the
S. W. 4% of Sec. 27. At this locality among the species
recognized are

Echinarachnius gibbsi. Ostrea atwoodii.
Pecten eldridgei. Macoma nasuta (?)
Pecten coalingensis. Macoma inquinata.
Pecten crassicardo. Neverita recluziana.
Pseudocardium gabbi. Nassa californica.
Cardita californica. Lunatia lewisii.

Arca trilineata.

On the western flank of the anticline in Sec. 28 and 29
Etchegoin fossils are also found. The bed of abundant, well
preserved Pecten eldridgei has already been mentioned. In
this bed occur many broken shells of a small oyster. South-
east of the Pecten eldridgei beds in the same stratigraphic
position in a firm yellowish sand several specimens of Echin-
arachnius gibbsi were collected.

Near the fossil locality in the S. W. 4 Sec. 27, sections
were made across the Etchegoin which, beginning at the top,
contain

Gray sand, conglomerate and pebbles............. 30 ft.
Oil sand, conglomerate and pebbles.............. 25111
QOile Samtdy eit iw ctaiatsrestarcteiarancte ere rerara dst eie wns oss dee ors Ou:
Gray sand and oil stained shaly beds ............ 20)
Hard gray sand and marine fossils............... 80 “
Gray sand in part oil sand shale below.......... Zoi

Gyo) CHINE MESES chu buco foamed e HOS Sae OOo Ae are 230 *

The above section is the composite result of several sections
on the east side of the fold. In one locality boring mollusks
indicating strand line conditions were found in fine grained,
indurated sand on top of the shale. A loosened fragment
showed the holes extending from a coarse hard sand into a
firm sandy shale.

The stratigraphic sequence of the Etchegoin near the Sham-
rock wells just to the northwest of the area mapped is similar

218 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Srr.

to the above section and of about the same thickness. It is as
follows:

Conglomerate and coarse sand beneath soft Tulare strata.
Oil sands.
Clay and marly shale.
Oil sand and conglomerate.
Hard cemented coarse gray sand with fragmental shells.
Granite pebbles and coarse sand.
Light shaly oil stained beds.
Gray sand.
Beneath the gray sand is a great thickness of organic

shales.
STRATIGRAPHY

Like the Tulare, the Etchegoin forms both flanks of an
eroded anticline in the South-End McKittrick area, and is in
general more steeply inclined than the Tulare with some small
variances in strike. Along the south flank it is partly covered
by wash from the overlapping Tulare and on the north flank
is locally faulted. A good example of this faulting, which is
very complex, is found near the south line of Sec. 27 and in
the northern part of Sec. 34. This faulting is probably the
southward continuation of the faulted zone which in the Mc-
Kittrick field has thrown a part of the shale series (Santa
Margarita or Monterey) across the top of the oil bearing zone,
from which, in one well at least, Etchegoin fossils have been
found.

RELATION TO PETROLEUM

Directly overlying the great masses of organic shales the
sands of the Etchegoin have acted as storage reservoirs for
the oil. As is shown in the sections, the oil sands lie scattered
throughout the whole of the exposed Etchegoin, being closely
associated with fossils of that age. This condition is true of
most of the West Side fields as will be mentioned later. In
the South-End McKittrick area the surface exposures show-
ing the relation of the oil to the Etchegoin are good, but un-
fortunatey little drilling has been done in that immediate
neighborhood. A few wells, principally in Sec. 34, formerly
known as the Belgian wells, have produced some oil. Nearly
everywhere in this district that Etchegoin strata are exposed,
oil sand or oil seepages are found associated with them. The

Vor, VII] GESTER—GEOLOGY McKITTRICK DISTRICT 219

porous Etchegoin sands separated by occasional shales or
marls and overlain by clays of the Tulare naturally form ex-
cellent reservoirs for the accumulation of oil.

SHALE SERIES: SANTA MarGarira (7)

Beneath the Etchegoin and occupying the apex of the anti-
cline is a series of organic shales. As previously stated the
shales may belong either to the Santa Margarita or to the
Monterey or to both. Both of these formations can be recog-
nized along the Mt. Diablo Range and both of them contain
organic shales, but from the general stratigraphic sequence,
the beds underlying the Etchegoin around Mclittrick are
tentatively classed as Santa Margarita. The Santa Margarita
consists of a series of crushed and sharply folded silicious and
organic shales which in this area occupy a small depression
through the central part of Sec. 28 and across the S. W. 4
Sec. 27 into the N. W. 4% of 34. Westward through Section
29 the area widens out and joins the mass of organic shales
which forms the mass of the Temblor Range west of Mc-
Kittrick and Sunset. As only a small portion of the series is
exposed in this area no attempt was made to determine its
thickness, and the shales are furthermore so broken and so
uniform in quality that no statement of lithological sequence
is possible. Westward from Mclhittrick these shales are a
mile or more in thickness and within the area described there
are several hundred feet of uniformly bedded white shales ex-
posed. Interstratified with these shales are numerous thin
beds or hard calcareous layers. These limy beds are more
abundant in the lower part of the shale series than in the

upper.
RELATIONS TO PETROLEUM

In the upper part of the Santa Margarita the shales are fre-
quently found to be very white on the surface, but when
broken the fresh exposures are a dull chocolate color due to
the presence of bituminous matter. This is usually found to
be very dry, but in one or two instances oil was found in
small vugs or holes in chunks of a very hard silicious shale.
The shale is frequently very diatomaceous, in which casts of

220 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4rH Ser.

diatoms can be seen with a hand lens, but as a rule it is not
of that extremely light porous variety which is found around
Santa Maria and Lompoc. Excepting in occasional shattered
zones, notably in the sandy shale or sandstone lenses relatively
near the top, there are no productive oil measures in the def-
initely recognized Santa Margarita, but according to a cur-
rent theory of the origin of the California oils, it is from this
and the underlying series of shales that the oil of the West
Side fields originated.

In the South-End McKittrick area there are no indications
of the presence of productive oil zones in the Santa Marga-
rita, but oil stained silicious shales are abundantly developed.
Farther to the south, however, in the vicinity of Fellows, the
Santa Margarita contains sandy shales and sandstone lenses,
some of which are coarse and full of granite boulders. These
sand and boulder lenses in a few localities contain small
amounts of dry oil stains.

We have, therefore, in this particular area, clearly defined
representatives of the Tulare, Etchegoin and Santa Margarita
formations, and by careful mapping we have been able to show
the outcrops of these different formations in the West Side
fields. The great importance of their separate mapping is
seen in connection with their relation to the oil deposits which
are now the sources of such great material wealth in this
region.

II. AGE AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE O1L HORIZONS OF THE
West SIDE FIELDS

A general conception of age and stratigraphic relationships
of the oil sands of the West Side fields can be gotten from a
glance at the accompanying idealized section. This section
was compiled from surface outcrops and from well data. In
order to make the information more complete the Coalinga
section was also included. The section is intended to show
the relative average thickness of the formations in the various
fields, their stratigraphic relationships and the position of the
known oil sands.

It is to be noted that with the exception of the Coalinga
field the greatest production comes from the Etchegoin
(Lower Pliocene) sands.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. 3Ul., LQGCoICN |] Fidle 55

c¢

TULARE

ETCHE GOIN

DIAGRAM

Showing Relative Thickness of
ormations and the Position of the

(JACALITOS)

Nields, California.
SANTA MARGARITA §

TEJON
CRETACEOUS

LGESTER | Plate 33

4c. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII

prot

ERSFIELD

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DIAGRAM

Showing Relative Thickness of
Formations and the Position of the
Oil Sands in the West Side Oil
Fields, California.

4 AY
We
222

Ty,
LD)

(JACALITOS)

Yi
yy

wv

SANTA MARGARITA SANDS

SHALES, SANDS

MONTEREY
LOWER Miocene
OLIGOCENE. bi.
TEJON

GB SAN EMIGDIO

SHALES
SANOS

=a J SIE SAN EMIGDIO
—— a ee =e els ne ond
aE TEUJON RANCH

AYENIAGEN SHaeey— ~~ — — —_ _unconfarmity

el ee Wucantermity __

Vor. VITJ GESTER—GEOLOGY McKITTRICK DISTRICT 221

The Etchegoin age of these sands in the various fields is
now determinable with considerable certainty. In the first
part of the paper a typical example of the stratigraphic rela-
tionships as determined by surface outcrops was given. The
data obtainable from well records and surface exposures of
the West Side fields show these conditions to be similar over
a wide area. ‘The only exception lies in the fact that there
are apparent gradations between fresh water and marine
forms in one or two localities, principally in the Kettleman
hills. Mr. Cunningham? states, however, that in general even
here there are evidences of a break between the marine and
the fresh water formations. A few specimens of Cryptomya
californica, which may be a brackish water type, were also
obtained from a well in the Midway field just above the pro-
ductive oil sands. The balance of evidence, however, is in-
dicative of an unconformity at the base of the Tulare, particu-
larly from the Lost Hills southward.

Lost HILts

The Lost Hills are a group of low hills, midway between
Coalinga and Sunset, which rise but slightly above the valley
floor. They are the results of a low anticlinal folding, a fold-
ing which plunges and flattens to the southeastward. All sur-
face indications in the Lost Hills pointed to their being a
broad, flat fold. However, as drilling progressed, the pro-
ductive sands were found to dip off at angles greater than the
surface exposures seemed to indicate.

Fossils from near the surface showed the upper strata to be
of fresh water origin and of Tulare age. Fossils bailed from
the Prestage well, Sec. 32, T. 26-21, at a depth of 380’ were
determined as follows:

Amnicola turbiniformis (Arnold).
Carinifex marshalli (Arnold).
Flumincola, species.

Spherium cooperi (Arnold).
Viviparus, species.

Also from a well in Sec. 18, T. 26-21 at a depth of 600’
were found

Amnicola turbiniformis (Arnold).
Spherium cooperi (Arnold).

°B. L, Cunningham, Southern Pacific Co. private reporte.

222 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser.

GRAPHIC LOG of LOST HILLS OIL WELLS
Shewing Generalized Typical Conditions

TULAR

Gas sand

200

Unconformit

Ubper Oil sand ;
with Lower Etchegoin fossils

+
LOWER soe

ETCHEGOIN BZ] 280i! sand

3% oil sand?

unconformity

SANTA
MARGARITA

Deep Q:/ Sand 3400°-
Natoma Welf N21

Vor. VII] GESTER—GEOLOGY McKITTRICK DISTRICT 223

The specimens of the above quoted species are numerous and
very perfect. Similar forms and fragments of Anodonta were
noted by Mr. F. M. Anderson in a number of the Universal
Oil Co.’s wells and by Dr. E. A. Starke in the wells of the
Standard Oil Co. Invariably they come from fine sand or
sandy shale a comparatively short distance above the oil
sands. In the southern and eastern portions of the field the
Tulare beds are much thicker than at the north.

In and just above the oil and gas sands in many wells, in
the Lost Hills, various species of marine Lower Etchegoin
(Lower Pliocene) fossils have been found. Fragments of
marine shells are reported in nearly all of the drilling records
and some nearly perfect specimens have been either blown out
by gas or bailed out of the wells.

From one of the Universal Oil Co. wells, Sec. 32, the fol-
lowing forms were noted at a depth of about 790 feet.

Pecten crassicardo. Nassa californica.

Echinarachnius gibbsi. Trophon ponderosum ( ?).

Mulinia densata (Pseudocardium Macoma vanvlecki.
gabbi). Cardium, species.

Macoma inquinata. Chione, species,

Pecten oweni.

Similar forms including fragments of either Pecten estrell-
anus, or Pecten eldridgei, and Nassa californica were reported
as coming from the oil horizon of the Standard Oil Co.'s
wells, Sec. 4.

No specimens from, or records of, determinable species
from the lower oil sands in the Lost Hills are at hand, but
this light gravity oil comes from sands in the lower part of
the Etchegoin and from a sandy shale in the upper part of the
Santa Margarita. There are two, and possibly three, oil
sands recognized in the records of the Lost Hills wells, all
within the limits of the Lower Etchegoin and other sands as
shown in the accompanying diagram, which is typical of the
general conditions that obtain in the Lost Hills.

BELRIDGE
Similar conditions obtain at Belridge as at Lost Hills, but
incomplete records, due to a seemingly unnecessary caution on
the part of some of the operators in not giving out records,
have rendered a study of this field less complete.

224 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

From the hills to the west and north of Belridge the out-
crops show the same sequence as in Lost Hills, i. e., Tulare
rests unconformably upon marine sandstones, shales, clays and
oil sands which contain Etchegoin fossils.

From the center of Sec. 21 and Sec. 27, T. 28 S., R. 20 E.,
in a sandy clay were found

Pecten wattsi. Glycimeris septentrionalis.
Cardium blandum. Zirphea, species.
Nassa californica. Panope generosa.
Solen, species. Solen sicarius.
Mactra, species. Lunatia lewisii.
Modiolus rectus. Crepidula grandis (casts).
Pseudocardium gabbi (Mulinia Trophon near coalingensis.
- densata).

McKiITTRIcK

The McKittrick section has been pretty thoroughly repre-
sented in the first part of this paper. The formations north
and west of the “South-End Area” are badly broken up by
an overthrust faulting, but the presence of rather character-
istic fossils from the oil horizon, as well as the general charac-
ter of the materials in which the oil occurs has led the writer
to believe that at least the greater part of the oil sands belong
to the Etchegoin formation.

From the San Souci well, Sec. 18, T. 30 S., R. 22 E., ata
depth of about 1400 feet, large fragments of Pecten crasst-
cardo and Ostrea vespertina were blown out by a gas ex-
plosion.

Pecten eldridgei and Cryptomya ovalis were obtained from
a similar horizon from a well in Sec. 12, T. 30 S., R. 21 E.
The logs of numerous other wells record “Sea shells” but it
is only occasionally that these can be specifically determined.

In the Midway-Sunset field the Etchegoin age and some of
the stratigraphic relationship of the oil bearing series is de-
terminable from well records, with considerable accuracy.
However, on account of the overlapping of the Tulare upon
the older formations, it is only occasionally, and in restricted
areas, that the Etchegoin is exposed on the surface. At two
localities Etchegoin fossils were found and the stratigraphic
sequence determined.

Vor. VIT) GESTER—GEOLOGY McKITTRICK DISTRICT 225

Southeast of old Sunset, poorly preserved fossils are found
associated with outcrops of brea from which the following
species could be determined :

Mulinia densata. Nassa, species.
Mya japonica. Solen, species.
Pecten, species.

These fossil beds are overlain unconformably by the fresh
water Tulare and, while the lower contacts are not clearly de-
fined, yet there is a suggestion of an unconformity at the
base of the oil bearing Etchegoin formation.

West of Fellows these conditions are duplicated. Similar
poorly preserved fossils are to be found in a small belt of
Etchegoin conglomerates, sands, sandy shales and marls, that
overlies the Santa Margarita. The latter at this locality is
composed of organic shales with fossiliferous sandstone and
boulder lenses.

At this locality an interesting and satisfactory correlation
between surface exposures and well record was obtained. The
top of the Etchegoin, containing oil sands and fossils, dips at
25° to 27° N. 25° E. Down the dip at a distance of 1950
feet is well No. 9 of the United Oil Co. At a depth of 928
feet a gas and oil sand was struck in this well, and the gas
pressure threw out large fragments of fossiliferous oil sand
and shells. The determinable fossils collected from these
fragments were:

Cardium blandum. Metis alta.

Mya japonica. Mulinia densata.

Arca trilineata. Pecten, species (P. estrellanus?).
Macoma nasuta. Nassa, species.

Macoma secta (?). Ostrea, species.

Neverita reclusiana. Fragments, with Pholas borings.

This association of forms is quite characteristic of the
Lower Etchegoin formation. Also a simple calculation shows
that the fossil bearing oil sand on the surface is very probably
the same as that found at 928 feet in the well.

In many of the wells, around Fellows and to the northward,
fragments of marine shells are reported with, or just above, the
oil sands. Numerous occurrences of fossils are reported from
the oil horizon in the Midway flats and, while many fragments
were obtained and examined, it is only occasionally that con-

226 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES © [Proc. 4tu Ser.

clusive inferences can be drawn. In well No. 4 of the Midway
Consolidated Oil Co., Sec. 4, T. 32 S., R. 23 E., M. D. M.,
from the lower oil sand at a depth of 3437 feet, a number of
good specimens of Echinarachnius gibbsi were obtained.

On the Buena Vista Hills the surface structure is self-evident
and Tulare fossils are to be found in the surface exposures.
The underground sections, however, show that the oil sands as
a rule exhibit variations and show greater dips, not found on
the surface exposures. Also numerous fragments of marine
shells are associated with the oil horizon. The fragments seem
to be mostly of such forms as Mya japonica, Macoma inquinata
and Mulinia densata, though these determinations are perhaps
questionable.

To the south on the Sunset flats in Sections 25 and 36 of T.
12 N., R. 24 W., and on sections 31 and 32 of T. 12 N., R. 23
W, and Section 5 of T. 11 N., R. 23 W., S. B. M., character-
istic Etchegoin fossils have been obtained from the oil horizon.

In well No. 11, K. T. & O. Co., Section 25, T. 31-22, very
characteristic fossils were obtained, including :

Echinarachnius gibbsi. Solen, species.
Pecten, species. Ostrea, species.
Arca trilineata. Nassa californica.
Macoma inquinata. Mulinia densata.

As in the Buena Vista Hills, so also on and near the surface
in the Sunset flats, are found fresh water Tulare fossils. Both
forms of Anodonta and some small gastropods were obtained
from a small open cut in Section 32, T. 12 N., R. 23 W., S.
B. M.

The data at the present time are not sufficient to say that all
the productive zones of the Midway-Sunset field are entirely
confined to the Etchegoin. The data are sufficient, however, to
place most, if not all, the oil sands below the Tulare and in a
marine formation. The fossils found directly above the oil
zones and in the oil sands, as obtained from productive wells,
are most characteristic of a Lower Etchegoin age. On the
surface, however, there are sandstones in the form of lenses
found in the Santa Margarita. Traces of oil are found in some
of the surface exposures of these lenses and it is possible that
wells penetrating similar buried lenses may obtain productive
quantities of oil.

Vor. VII] GESTER—GEOLOGY McKITTRICK DISTRICT 227,

In the Belridge, and possibly in the Lost Hills, some oil comes
from the Tulare, but the Etchegoin is here, also, the principal
oil producing formation. The Santa Margarita of these fields
is productive of some light oil from its more sandy members.

In all of these West Side fields both surface exposures and
well records indicate distinct unconformities between the Santa
Margarita and Etchegoin and between the latter and the
Tulare, and place by far the greater part of the present oil pro-
duction from oil sands in the Etchegoin formation.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FourtTH SERIES

Vot. VII, No. 10, pp. 229-248, 4 text figures. SEPTEMBER |, 1917

».4

NOTES ON WEST AMERICAN CHITONS —I*

BY S. STILLMAN BERRY, REDLANDS, CALIFORNIA

1. Notes on Curirons CoLLectTeD BY Mr. GrEorGE WILLETT
IN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

In the present paper are given the preliminary results of
the examination of a considerable series of chitons collected
by Mr. George Willett in southeastern Alaska during the
summers of 1913 to 1916, inclusive. Although chiefly occu-
pied with other business, his personal interest in the group
caused Mr. Willett to devote odd moments to the collection
of mollusks, both on shore and, by means of a small dredging
outfit, in depths down to 50 or more fathoms. The Polypla-
cophora comprise an important part of the spoils obtained,
both individuals and species being extensively represented.
Mr. Willett has generously placed at my disposal for investi-
gation the entire series of over 600 specimens, along with
certain verbal field observations of sufficient ecological inter-
est that I have quoted from them freely. A small portion of
the material was fortunately preserved in alcohol and has
proved invaluable, though not all the species taken are repre-
sented in this way and several interesting problems must
therefore go over until further material can be obtained.

* Printed from the John W. Hendrie Publication Endowment.
September 1, 1917

230 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

As indicative of what careful and exhaustive collecting will
accomplish for such a group as the chitons, even in a re-
stricted locality, 1 may mention that Mr. Willett’s first invoice
of specimens sent me from his 1914 collection included thir-
teen species. The number has since been increased to the
present total of twenty-four species and one subspecies, yet I
am certain that this figure is by no means complete for the
region involved, and perhaps not even exhaustive for the
collections as they stand.

While the bulk of Mr. Willett’s collecting was done at For-
rester Island, a small oceanic island at the extreme southern
end of the territorial jurisdiction, he also did some work at
the Waterfall Cannery on Prince of Wales Island, just inside
Cape Lookout on Dall Island, and at Sitka, all these last local-
ities being on the western or oceanic coasts of the island
chain, though protected from the open ocean itself, so that
the water is relatively calm.

He reports that Tonicella lineata is everywhere by far the
most abundant shore chiton. This and Katharina (also abun-
dant) occur on rocks between tides, whereas /schnochiton
mertensti (common), J. trifidus (rare), Schizoplax, and Lep-
tochiton, characteristically occur on the under sides of rocks
“at pretty low tides (—1.0 foot).” Cyanoplax is another
characteristic shore form, being fond of crevices. In shallow
depths (15 to 25 fathoms), just beyond the kelp line, and
found mostly adhering to the inside of old mussel shells, oc-
curs an interesting association: Leptochiton cancellatus, Ton-
icella lineata, juv. (common), T. ruber, T. submarmorea
(rather rare), /schnochiton interstinctus (abundant), J. reti-
porosus, I. trifidus (rare), I. mertensu (abundant), /. qwillettr
(common), Trachydermon flectens (rather rare), Mopala
cilata, M. imporcata, and M. sinuata. These occasionally
occur also on rocks hauled up in the dredge, but Mr. Willett
states that the shells are a favorite situs. Placiphorella rufa,
on the other hand, is found occasionally on shells, but gen-
erally on rocks. In deeper water (40 to 50 fathoms) Jschno-
chiton retiporosus was the only form commonly obtained.

In the present paper two species, Ischnochiton (Lepido-
zona) willetti and Placiphorella rufa, are described as new.

Vor. VII] BERRY—WEST AMERICAN CHITONS 231

Where possible a series of duplicates, including paratypes
of the new species, has been deposited in the collection of the
California Academy of Sciences.

Mr. Willett has also generously permitted my personal
retention of a considerable series of specimens, further data
from which are accumulating and will be offered on a subse-
quent occasion.

Below is given a systematic list of all the species so far
identified. Following the list are given notes on the various
forms with a memorandum of the localities at which they
were obtained, and such ecologic data as are now possible.

SysTEMATIC List OF SPECIES.
No. of Specimens

Family Lepidopleuride
Genus Leptochiton Gray, 1847.

le) L. cancellatus (Sowerby, 1839) .............. 13
je) L. sp. near rugatus (“Carpenter,” Pilsbry,
eA) GE NS a.) Sa 35

Family Callochitonide.
Genus Tonicella Carpenter, 1873.

34); Di ruber Ce tan ces Wl ZO7 ie uss else ye abel erect 15

4.) LE Sineata (Wood wil Sls eis 6 oa co decane d 65

5.) T. submarmorea (Middendorff, 1846)........ ail
Genus Cyanoplax (Pilsbry, 1892)

6.) C. raymondi (Pilsbry, 1894) .............0% 12
Genus Schizoplax Dall, 1878.

7) S. brandtii (Middendorff, 1846)............. 66

Family Ischnochitonide.
Genus Ischnochiton Gray, 1847.
8.) Tanterstincitus: (Goulds W852i i... s 66. cee Lek 135

95) TvradiansiGarpentereteo2et ooo. eee 8
10.) I, (Lepidozona) retiporosus Carpenter, 1864.. 36

232 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47 Ser.

No. of Specimens
11.) I. (Lepidozona) mertensii (Middendorff, 1846) 59
12.) I. (Lepidozona) willetti, new species......... 36
133) I. (Ischnoradsia) trifidus (Carpenter, 1864)... 6

Family Mopaliide.
Genus Trachydermon Carpenter, 1864.

14.) TL. flectens (Carpenter, 1864). 2. iss cece «s 10
Genus Mopalia Gray, 1847.
15.) M. ciliata (Sowerby, 1840)... ssci0300 6 oe 4

16.) M. ciliata wosnessenskii (Middendorff, 1847).. 28
175) 0 Wi dindsn (Reeve, 1847): cond cel ceosse ces 7
18.) M. lenosa (Gould, 1846) 2.0.50 tics see ces a
19.) M>gnuscosa.. (Gould, 1846) ai. ee cigcie cristo eine 1
20.) M. imporcata Carpenter, 1864...........2:.; 29
21.) M. sinuata Carpenter, 1864................. 7

Genus Placiphorella Carpenter, 1878.

22.) P. velaia “Carpenter,” Dall, 1878. 2..-2.5..:. 2

23:) Tj 0; MEW @SPEClESs jailer mie oe tenets te terete 15
Genus Katharina Gray, 1847.

24.) Ke dunicata ( Wood, 18'S) io ie «chee erciere os 4

Family Cryptoplacide.

Genus Cryptochiton (Middendorff, 1847).
25.) C. stelleri (Middendorff, 1847) ............. 4

NOTES ON THE SPECIES.
1. Leptochiton cancellatus (Sowerby)

Taken in 20 fathoms at Forrester Island in 1915. This is
the smallest chiton in the collection and one of the smallest
species we know.

The rehabilitation of Gray’s old genus Leptochiton may
occasion some surprise, but perhaps not to those who have
felt with the writer that Lepidopleurus Risso, in the sense in
which it has been commonly used, is little but an amorphous

Vor. VII] BERRY—WEST AMERICAN CHITONS 233

mixture. The relatively delicate and smooth-shelled Lepido-
pleuride of the west American coast seem only diffidently
congeneric with L. cajetanus Poli, the thick rugose shell se-
lected by Pilsbry as Risso’s type. It may be that further
anatomical work will require the dismemberment even of
Leptochiton, but in the meanwhile it does not seem to strain
the relationships seriously to make this genus do duty again.

2. Leptochiton, species

Numerous specimens of a worn Leptochiton, recalling the
southern L. rugatus, were taken “at pretty low tides’ at the
Waterfall Cannery, Prince of Wales Island. One specimen
of the same was also taken at Cape Lookout, Dall Island. It
occurs under rocks. Whether the specimens are really ruga-
tus or some undescribed form must be determined by fur-
ther study. They differ from southern California (La Jolla)
specimens of rugatus in their much smaller size, whiter color-
ation, more pilose girdle and flatter posterior valve, only
slightly if at all concave behind the mucro.

3. Tonicella ruber (Linnzus)

Taken at Forrester Island in 15-30 fathoms, occurring in
association with the small Tonicella I have here taken to be
young lineata (Wood).

Balch (:06, p. 62) has remarked at length upon the ap-
parent close relationship of this species and Tonicella mar-
morea. Ruber had for years been placed by nearly all writers
in Trachydermon, and to avoid separating the two generic-
ally, Balch thereupon removed marmorea to Trachydermon,
leaving the genus Tonicella to whatever might be its fate
after the loss of its type species. For reasons which will
presently be given in another connection, I have come to the
conclusion that Trachydermon is quite a different group from
what has generally been understood, but since both Sykes
(794, p. 36) and Thiele (:10, p. 107) have shown cause for
referring ruber itself to Tonicella, there is a convenient way
out of the difficulty.

234 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

4. Tonicella lineata (Wood)

This species is reported by Willett as by far the most
abundant of the shore chitons in all the localities he visited,
though all the specimens seen by me were taken at Forrester
Island, some on shore, the remainder dredged in from 10 to
30 fathoms.

The shore specimens are stated to be usually found on top
of the rocks in association with the very dissimilar Katharina,
and their beautiful coloring is almost always obscured by a
green deposit very difficult to remove. It is interesting to
note that all the dredged specimens I have included here run
very much smaller than those taken between tides, including
not a single specimen larger than 21x12 mm. (gross measure-
ments of a specimen in alcohol [S. S. B. 291]). Willett
even writes on one of his labels: “I consider this entirely
distinct from the true lineata. It is confined to deep water,
not occurring in shallow water with latter.” However, ex-
cept for a certain curious uniformity in general facies, I have
been unable to find any dependable evidence (among external
characters alone) confirming this opinion. It may be men-
tioned also that whereas there are no large specimens among
the dredged material, I have on the other hand seen no small
ones from the shore.

5. Tonicella submarmorea ( Middendorff)

Taken in 15 to 25 fathoms at Forrester Island. Willett
reports this species as “not common and always dredged.”
All the specimens are rather small. The orevailing color is
usually a beautiful rose red.

6. Cyanoplax raymondi (Pilsbry)

Taken at Forrester Island, and at the Waterfall Cannery,
Prince of Wales Island, “invariably between tides.” This
species “likes to get in a crack in the rocks,” though it is
sometimes found on top.

Vor. VII] BERRY—WEST AMERICAN CHITONS 235

7. Schizoplax brandtii (Middendorff )

Taken at Forrester Island, and at the Waterfall Cannery,
Prince of Wales Island. Schizoplax was found only on
shore, and there “under rocks at pretty low tides.”

The largest specimen seen measures as follows:

Maximumiilength :of sanimals ses t205% oiai's)3) 50.2 18 mm.
Maximum’ width’ of animals soni. 4c 5) s6slo. 6 «is ss 0's oo 13.5 mm.
Eength: otshellvaloney. crate aie afo.0ig0'« << 17.5 mm.
Width of fourth valve inside girdle.............. 13° mm.

8. Ischnochiton interstinctus (Gould)

Dredged in 10 fathoms in Sitka Harbor in 1913, and in
10 to 20 fathoms at Forrester Island in the three subsequent
years. This and J. mertensti are by far the most abundant
of the dredged species. It was not taken between tides.

9. Ischnochiton radians Carpenter

Specimens which seem unmistakably to belong to this
species were taken on shore at the Waterfall Cannery, Prince
of Wales Island, and near Cape Lookout, Dall Island. So
far as I have been able to ascertain, they constitute the first
Alaskan record for the species. Barkley Sound, B. C., was
previously the most northern station recorded.

I. radians and I. interstinctus are very closely related and
though most lots may be readily separated by their relative
size and color, some of the specimens are sufficiently inter-
mediate so that with occasional undissected shells I have
had to fall back upon the blue-green interior usually pos-
sessed by radians and similar trifling features to separate
them.

Three of the four specimens taken at Dall Island [S. S. B.
258] are of a peculiar dark color variant which is also found
occasionally in the vicinity of Monterey.

10. Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) retiporosus Carpenter

Taken at Forrester Island in 15 to 50 fathoms. While
dredged occasionally in 15-20 fathoms in association with

236 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

1. mterstinctus, it is more abundant in the deeper water. One
specimen in alcohol [S. S. B. 236] is close to if not identical
with the var. punctatus Whiteaves.

Thiele (:10, p. 87, 107) transfers this species to Callisto-
chiton, but this step I do not yet feel ready to follow.

11. Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) mertensii (Middendorff)

Numerous specimens of this species are in the collection
taken between tides and dredged (15-20 fathoms) at Forres-
ter Island, and between tides at the Waterfall Cannery, Prince
of Wales Island. At Forrester Island Mr. Willett found it
one of the two most abundant chitons in his dredge. The
specimens are almost all of the plain red-brown variety, the
girdle obscurely maculated in two shades of brown. Less
common, but equally constant in their peculiarities, are two
other color forms, analogous variations of which are also
commonly seen in California suites of this species: 1) a
form in which the valves are irregularly maculated with
various shades of brown, the alternate bands of color on the
girdle being usually quite regular and prominent; 2) a form
in which the jugal areas of the second and seventh valves are
usually darker than the general red-brown ground color, and
help to set off a cream-colored band nearly as wide as the
valves, which extends down the side slopes and across the
girdle, the latter being otherwise nearly unicolored.

12. Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) willetti, new species

Numerous specimens occurring at Forrester Island in 15 to
20 fathoms in company with J. mertensii, might easily be over-
looked as another color variety of the latter, but appear upon
careful examination to represent an undescribed species, which
may be briefly treated as follows:

Diagnosis: Shell rather large, regularly elliptical (fig. 1) ;
elevated, with an angular dorsal ridge and arcuate side slopes.
General surface indistinctly granulose.

Anterior valve with 35-45 low, occasionally bifurcating,
radiating ribs, separated by shallow distinct grooves and bear-
ing a variable number (normally 8 to 10) of small, well sep-

Vor. VII] BERRY—WEST AMERICAN CHITONS 237

arated, distinct, rounded pustules. Median valves: lateral areas
distinctly raised, sculptured like the anterior valve, but the
5 to 7 ribs relatively wider and more flattened, the defining

Fig. 1. Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) willetti Berry, camera outline
of dorsal aspect of type specimen, xl1™%.

grooves sometimes, but not always, sharply chiseled (fig. 2) ;
central areas on each side sharply sculptured with 20-25 nar-
row, faintly beaded, longitudinal ridges, their interstices trav-
ersed by low, rather irregular cross-ridges, becoming nearly or
quite obsolete at the jugum. Posterior valve with mucro well in
front of center; region behind mucro sculptured like the an-
terior valve, but the 28-30 ribs rather less distinct and the

:
SCO

Fig. 2. Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) willetti Berry, sketch of
portion of Sth valve of type to indicate the general
scheme of sculpturing, x8.

grooves less conspicuous ; region in front of mucro sculptured
like the central areas of the intermediate valves.

Interior of central valves thickened across the middle. Teeth
with a distinct fossa separating them at base from body of

238 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

shell, their edges roughened, those of the posterior valve almost
crenate. Anterior valve with 11, second valve with 2-1, third
to seventh valves with 1-1, posterior valve with 12, slits.

Girdle wide, regular; covered dorsally with a closely imbri-
cating armature of large, smooth or barely striated, convex
scales, each normally bearing a short, striated, nipple-shaped
process projecting upward from the dorsal end.

Color of outer surface of shell a reddish brown of varying
intensity in different specimens, sometimes nearly black; girdle
lighter. Interior of shell light salmon.

Maximum length of the type and largest specimen 29.5 mm. ;
width 16 mm.

Type: A shell preserved dry [S. S. B. 159] as Cat. No. 3700
of the author’s collection. Paratypes have been deposited in
the collections of the California Academy of Sciences, the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the United
States National Museum, and the private collection of Mr.
George Willett.

Type Locality: 15-20 fathoms, Forrester Island, Alaska;
George Willett, May-July-August, 1914-1916; 36 specimens.

Remarks: As above noted, this species has a close superficial
resemblance to its associate and congener, J. mertensii. It is
easily recognized, however, by its narrower outline when
viewed vertically, the grooves chiseled between the ribs of the
terminal and lateral areas, its finer sculpture, and generally
characteristic darker red-brown coloration. A nearer relative
is possibly a species now being described as J. interfossa Berry,
from northern Japan, but the more arcuate side slopes, the less
pitted sculpturing of the central areas, and again the color, fur-
nish easy distinguishing marks.

13. Ischnochiton (Ischnoradsia) trifidus (Carpenter)

One specimen of this interesting species was taken at a very
low tide near the Waterfall Cannery, Prince of Wales Island.
Five others were dredged in 15-20 fathoms at Forrester Island
in company with J. mertensii. Mr. Willett believes it to be a
rather rare species.

Vor. VII] BERRY—WEST AMERICAN CHITONS 239

14. Trachydermon flectens (Carpenter)

One specimen of this species was taken at low tide inside
Cape Lookout, Dall Island. Others were dredged at Forrester
Island in 15-30 fathoms.

My reasons for the unusual position in which I have placed
Trachydermon in the list will be given in the next note of this
series.

15. Mopalia ciliata (Sowerby)

Four specimens more or less referable to typical ciliata as
redefined by Pilsbry were taken in 15 fathoms at Forrester
Island [S. S. B. 278].

The last word has not been said on the West American
Mopaliz, and I have no hope that my treatment of them here,
merely adapted as it is from work done a considerable period
ago, can be more than provisional. This remark is not to be
construed as an attempt to carp at the older work. That of
Pilsbry in particular constituted a tremendous advance in our
understanding of the entire group and stands alone not only as
a reference work, but as a priceless text and source of inspira-
tion to every subsequent student of Polyplacophora. But dried
specimens, upon which most taxonomic work in this group has
perforce been done, are often extremely deceptive, and this is
notoriously the case with the Mopalias. In this instance it is
going to require a far more extensive array of well-preserved
alcoholic material than exists at present, I fear, in all our col-
lections, to definitely settle the status of the numerous named
forms, let alone the many others which still remain to be de-
scribed. No doubt Dall and Pilsbry have generally been quite
correct in reducing many of the earlier species to synonymy,
but I feel certain that in some cases the process has been carried
too far.

Some of Mr. Willett’s small Mopalias form a curious as-
semblage, but the series is not sufficiently complete and the
proportion of specimens preserved in alcohol too scanty to
permit the drawing of satisfactory conclusions from them at the
present time, though I think it apparent that not all are to be
regarded as young stages of the older species. The Mopaliidz
are never an easy group, but the difficulty of dealing with them

240 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tH Ser.

is increased by the fact that the young do not always closely
resemble the adults, and the girdle characters, which seem to
be of the highest importance in separating the species, are
usually almost impossible to make out correctly in dried ma-
terial. The members of the sinwata-imporcata group are at
times particularly puzzling. Those having opportunities to
collect them should not fail to see that any bearded chitons they
may chance to find, however minute, are carefully fixed in the
expanded state and preserved in alcohol. No attempt should be
made to clean or dry them, lest valuable material lose much of
its significance.

16. Mopalia ciliata wosnessenskii (Middendorff)

Taken on shore at Forrester Island, at the Waterfall Can-
nery, Prince of Wales Island, and inside Cape Lookout, Dall
Island.

The specimens are quite variable, some very elevated for this
subspecies, some depressed, and running through a whole
gamut of color forms. A few of the dried specimens from
Forrester Island are unusually long and narrow.

17. Mopalia hindsii (Reeve)

Seven specimens were taken at low tide on Forrester Island.
All are of exceptional size, one in Mr. Willett’s collection
[S. S. B. 308] measuring in the dry condition as follows:

Masximunvlenothvot animally...2¢2 cs. sis santas - 90 mm: -
Maximum width of animal ....................- 45.5 mm.
Length of shell alone (not exact)................ 86 mm.
Width of fourth valve inside girdle .............. 36 mm.

18. Mopalia lignosa (Gould)

This is apparently a rare species in this region, as Mr. Wil-
lett took but one specimen at Forrester Island in 1914, none in
1915, and again one in 1916. Two were found near Cape
Lookout, Dall Island in 1915. All the specimens were taken on
shore.

Vor. VII] BERRY—WEST AMERICAN CHITONS 241

19. Mopalia muscosa (Gould)

This species would appear to be excessively rare, only a
single specimen having been taken inside Cape Lookout, Dall
Island, and none at all at the other localities. The specimen is
not a very large one, but seems typical.

20. Mopalia imporcata Carpenter

Dredged in 15-25 fathoms at Forrester Island, and appar-
ently the common Mopalia in all the shallower depths. The
specimens are very uniform in size and general appearance, but
exhibit some variation in the minor details of sculpture.

21. Mopalia sinuata Carpenter

A few specimens were taken with the last species in 15-20
fathoms at Forrester Island, but not very frequently.

22. Placiphorella velata Carpenter

In Mr. Willett’s experience this is another of the notably rare
chitons. Only two specimens were taken, both at low tide on
Forrester Island in 1915.

23. Placiphorella rufa, new species

More common than P. velata at Forrester Island, though
always dredged, is the very interesting Placiphorella now to be
described.

Diagnosis: Shell of moderate size, broadly oval in outline,
depressed. Dorsal ridge only moderately elevated, the side
slopes little convex.

Anterior valve crescentic, showing strong, irregular lines of
growth and occasional weak traces of radial grooves. Median
valves with the lateral areas raised into diagonal and sutural
ribs having a groove-like depression between; otherwise un-
sculptured except for the strong, uneven lines of growth,
especially prominent where they traverse the ribs; not beaked.
Posterior valve small, only about half as wide as the anterior
valve; sculptured by two strong, oblique ribs converging to the
depressed, distinctly posterior, but not marginal, mucro.

242 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser.

Interior of valves calloused. Anterior valve with 9 strong,
distinctly cut insertion teeth, the 3 anterior concave, and all
coarsely grooved on their outer surfaces ; slits 8 in number, their
porous apices connected with the apex of the valve by lines of
minute pores. Central valves with wide, gently arcuate sutural
lamine, scarcely if at all connected across the rather deep sinus ;
slits 1-1. Posterior valve with a barely indented flattening in-
stead of a posterior sinus; slits 1-1. Eaves distinctly spongy.

Girdle of moderate width posteriorly, broadening in front to
the wide lobe characteristic of the genus, so that the maximum
diameter of the animal is in the region of the head (text figs.
3-4), To the naked eye or under lenses of moderate power the
girdle appears smooth and nude over its entire area dorsally*
save for a marginal palisade of minute hyaline spinelets, and
three or four submarginal series of armored chete, the mem-
bers of the inner series of which are conspicuously the largest
and extend clear around the girdle, about 12 chztz in this series
encircling the anterior lobe, the remainder placed 1 opposite
each suture and 2 directly behind the tail valve. The ventral
surface of the girdle is clothed with very minute scattered
spinelets, visible only under quite a high power. In dried speci-
mens the girdle becomes excessively thin and leathery. The
ventral surface of the anterior lobe shows no evident radial
striation even under moderate magnification.

Color of shell in alcohol, a warm brownish red with more or
less lighter painting, except the anterior portion of the head
valve which is uniformly paler. Girdle brownish buff, the an-
terior lobe sharply paler. Interior of shell tinted a soft salmon
flesh.

Precephalic lobe of mantle with 7 large digitations and a
number of smaller ones.

Ctenidia 21-22 on each side.

Measurements of type (in alcohol) :

Maximum Jength of animal.........5...00.2:.5.< 32.7 mm.
Maximum width of animal ...............0.0005 26 mm.
Length of anterior lobe (dorsal) ................ 8 mm.
Kenoth of shell-alone <2. <0 1.5. ee ees ose oe oe OL OMIT
Width of fourth valve inside girdle............... 16 mm.

1That it is actually thus devoid of spines I am not prepared to state.

Vor. VII] BERRY—WEST AMERICAN CHITONS 243

Type: A specimen in alcohol [S. S. B. 240] entered as Cat.
No. 1411 of the author’s collection. Paratypes have been de-
posited in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences
and the private collection of Mr. George Willett.

Yom

Fig. 3. Plactphorella rufa Berry, camera outline of dorsal
aspect of type specimen, x2%/.

Type Locality: 15-25 fathoms, Forrester Island, Alaska;
George Willett, July, 1914-1916; 15 specimens.

Remarks: The fine series of specimens obtained by Mr. Wil-
lett shows that P. rufa is a very distinct species, standing quite

Fig. 4. Placiphorella rufa Berry, camera outline of dorsal
aspect of a juvenal from Forrester Island,
Alaska [S. S. B. 242a], x1¥.

alone with respect to certain of its characters, but on the whole
undoubtedly nearest to the members of the P. velata group of
the genus. From P. velata and its analogue P. stimpsoni, our
form is readily distinguishable by its warm, ruddy external

244 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

coloration, warm flesh and salmon tinting of the interior of the
shell, pale anterior lobe, nearly nude girdle, and the marginal
position of the setae. Further characters to be noted only on
dissection are the spongy eaves, curious rows of pores in the
anterior valve, open sinuses, and sharply cut teeth. This com-
bination of features should effectually prevent the confusion of
P. rufa with any of the described forms. It is an important
addition to our fauna.

24. Katharina tunicata (Wood)

The specimens seen by me were taken between tides at Sitka
and at Forrester Island, but Mr. Willett writes: “Have found
Katharina and Cryptochiton common everywhere I have been
in S. E. Alaska, both in smooth water and rough.”

25. Cryptochiton stelleri Middendorff

Here again the specimens seen by me were taken between
tides at Sitka and Forrester Island, but as just noted, Mr. Wil-
lett reports it an abundant species at every locality visited by
him. The specimens seen run a good deal smaller than they do
farther to the south, e. g., at Monterey.

LITERATURE CITED

Balch, F. N.

:06. Remarks on certain New England chitons with de-
scription of a new variety. Nautilus, v. 20, pp. 62-68, October,
1906.

Sykes, E. R.

‘04. Notes on the British chitons. Proceedings Malaco-
logical Society, London, v. 1, pp. 35-37, pl. 3, March, 1894.
Thiele, J.

:10. Revision des Systems der Chitonen, II. Teil. Zoolo-
gica, Bd. 22, pp. 71-132, pls. 7-10, Stuttgart, 1910.

Vor. VII] BERRY—WEST AMERICAN CHITONS 245

2. ON THE GENUS TRACHYDERMON

In the preceding note I have briefly mentioned the species
Trachydermon flectens Carpenter and indicated my belief that
the genus should be interpreted in an altogether different way
than has heretofore been recognized. This is entirely due to
the fact, brought about quite incidentally by a strict adherence
to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomen-
clature, that because of its subsequent selection for that rank by
Pilsbry, T. flectens must be recognized as the type of Carpen-
ter’s genus. This exquisitely beautiful little chiton has been
known for many years and is frequently met with in collections,
yet, if I am correct in my identification of such specimens as I
have seen with Carpenter’s type, it has been one of our most
misunderstood species. While its reference to the Mopaliidze
will no doubt occasion general surprise and will probably not be
allowed to pass unquestioned, it seems to me clear that T. flec-
tens has little in common with any of the numerous other
species commonly ranked with it, and which latter I fear Car-
penter himself really had most in mind at the time he founded
his genus. It does not even belong in the subfamily to which
in recent years it has given its name. Fortunately the recent
rehabilitation of Gray’s Lepidochitona by Iredale ( :14, p. 127)
has already precipitated the nomenclatorial changes which
would otherwise have been the inevitable result of removing
the type species of Trachydermon to another family.

The accumulation of evidence which has finally led me to the
adoption of the course outlined had its beginning in the almost
absolute parallel which is to be found between Pilsbry’s de-
scription and figures of T. flectens in the concluding part of
the “Manual” (793, p. 64, pl. 15, figs. 34-37), and his later
description of Mopalia heathii (98, p. 288). By tabulating in
parallel columns the essential items, not only of these two de-
scriptions, but of Carpenter’s own brief diagnosis (Pilsbry, ’92,
p. 75) and the present writer’s more recent redescription of
heath (Berry, :11, p. 490, text figs. 4-7, pl. 40, figs. 1-3, 7),
the strength of the evidence can be more readily appreciated
and the reader then left to draw his own conclusions. Such
discrepancies as then appear are thus thrown into relief for
consideration later.

246

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

(Proc. 4tH Ser.

1,
T. flectens
Carpenter MS.

_ Shell subelongate;
jugum acute.

Surface with mi-
nute, not very close
granules, sparsely
subradiating.

Median valves with

apices very promin-
ent;
lateral areas

scarcely defined.

Mucro conspicuous,
anterior.

Sinus wide, flat.

Valve i with 11, ii-
vii with 1-1, viii with
11 slits.

Color roseate.

Girdle very mi-

nutely granulate.

Length 834, width

6 mm.
Puget Sound,

Wash.

“A variety from
Catalina Is. has the
posterior valve with

7, intermediate 1, an-
terior 8 slits, the
mucro less anterior.”
(Carpenter).

2.
T. flectens
Pilsbry, 1893

Shell ovate-oblong,
moderately elevated.

Surface minutely
granulate all over,
more closely on the
lateral areas, which
are otherwise scarcely
defined.

Median valves
squared and _ slightly
beaked.

somewhat
rather pro-

Mucro
anterior,
jecting.

Sinus slightly lam-
inate.

Valve i with 8, ii-
vii with 1-1, viii with
7 slits.

Color roseate or
deep blood red, more
or less maculated with
blue, the blue pre-
dominating on some
valves.

Interior of a beauti-
ful deep rose color.

Girdle rather dense-
ly covered with mi-
nute, elongated but
scarcely imbricating
scales,

Ctenidia extending
2/3 or % the length
of the foot.

Length 12, width 7
mm.

Dredged
toria, B. C.

off Vic-

<p
M. heathii
Pilsbry, 1898

Oblong, rather ele-

vated, carinated, the
side slopes _ nearly
straight.

Surface finely and
evenly granulate, the
intervals very minute-
ly radially wrinkle
granulate. Anterior
valve with a few faint
shallow radial fur-
rows.

Intermediate valves
very faintly radially
trisulcate at the sides,
the anterior two
grooves defining the
low, slight and incon-
spicuous diagonal rib;
lateral areas not
raised.

Posterior valve with
semi-circular posterior
outline; the mucro in
front of the middle;
profile of surface in
front of it convex, be-
hind it decidedly con-
cave.

Sutural laminz,
sinus, and teeth about
as in M. lignosa,

Posterior valve reg-
ularly ischnoid,

Valve i with 8, ii
vii with 1-1, viii with
7-8 slits.

Color (1) _ olive
green with lighter
spots or rosy shading,
or (2) vivid red with
scattered blue spots.

Interior deep rose
color or slightly pur-

plish.
Girdle nude except
for 2 or 3 closely

grouped long bristles
at all or part of the

sutures, 1 on each
side of the head
valve, and 2 behind

the tail valve.

Ctenidia about 25,
not extending quite
to the anterior end of
the foot.

Length 25, width
12 mm.

17 fms., Monterey
Bay, Cal.

4.
M. heathii
Berry, 1911

Oblong - elliptical,
rather elevated,
inated, the side
slopes nearly straight.

Surface finely,
evenly, rather dis-
tantly granulated.

Median valves wide
and short, little
beaked.

Posterior valve
with semi-circular pos-
terior outline; the
mucro anterior; pos
terior slope concave.

Insertion plates

continuous across
sinus,
Posterior valve

regularly crescentic.

_Valve i with 8, ii-
vii with 1-1, viii with
5-8 slits,

Color vivid red
with scattered blue
spots and valves v-vii
ended with green-
ish,

Girdle microscopic-
ally spiculose, bearing
also a long branching
bristle opposite each
suture, 2-5 in front of
the head valve, and 2
behind the tail valve,
with a peripheral ser-
ies of very small bris-
tles around the gir-
dle margin.

Length 11, width 7
mm.
15 fms.,

Monterey
Bay, Cal.

Vor. VII] BERRY—WEST AMERICAN CHITONS 247

Considered in connection with the figures given by Pilsbry
(93, pl. 15, figs. 34-37) and myself (:11, pl. 40, figs. 1-3, 7),
the table appears to me conclusive that the specimens identified
by me in 1911 as Mopalia heathii (column 4 above) are cer-
tainly congeneric if not specifically identical with Trachyder-
mon flectens Carpenter, as interpreted by Pilsbry (column 2).
Down even to such details as size, color, and station the par-
allel is an instructive and telling one. But in view of the ad-
mitted source of possible error due to my having access to
neither of the type specimens concerned, it would be folly to
overlook the difficulties offered by the various discrepancies in
columns 1 and 3. As to column 1, the only trouble lies in the
large number of slits quoted for the head and tail valves and
the description of the girdle. The former may or may not be
an essential matter, depending on whether the number printed
be a lapsus (which I do not believe), or may indicate an ab-
normal specimen, or may (which appeals to me as the most
probable) come within the limits of normal variation, already
noted as considerable in the Monterey specimens described in
column 4. The discrepancy in the description of the girdle in
column 1 as compared with column 4 is also shared by column
2. This appears at first sight the most serious of all, but I think
is very easily accounted for by the very delicate and brittle con-
sistency of the bristles, which I find to be almost invariably
broken off in dried specimens in such a way as frequently not to
leave the slightest trace of their previous existence. This is
brought out very clearly in the series of specimens taken at
Forrester Island by Willett, all of which were preserved dry,
but which reached me soon enough afterward so that I was able
to make out the character of the bristles. In most of these the
bristles, however, appear either as mere stubs or so nearly in-
distinguishable that in the absence of some suspicion of their
presence they might never be detected. It is only in living or
alcoholic material that the full characters of this species are
evident.*

? It is worth while noting that specimens from the original lot of ‘‘Trachydermon
flectens montereyensis Bartsch”, a nomen nudum which has appeared several times in
print, are in every respect completely identical with the specimens referred to by me
as M, heathii in column 4 above. From similar evidence there is no doubt that “Cheto-
plexra rosetta Bartsch’, another nomen nudwm which has found its way into the
literature, falls into the absolute synonymy of Dendrochiton thamnopora. I can as yet
discover no evident connection of this species with the genus Chetopleura.

248 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

Let us now pass to column 3. Pilsbry, who is a careful ob-
server, states that beyond the bristles the girdle is nude. This
statement and the unusual size of his type specimen do not fit in
well with the remainder of the table, though the weight of all
the rest of the evidence would indicate that Mopalia heathii
Pilsbry must fall as a synonym of T. flectens. Can it be barely
possible that there are two species involved in the original de-
scription of M. heath? This, with other correlative points,
will receive attention in a later communication.

From evidence before me, my present inclination is to give
both Trachydermon Carpenter, as redefined (type: T. flectens
Carpenter), and Dendrochiton Berry, 1911 (type: Mopalia
(D.) thamnopora Berry) full generic rank, referring both,
though only tentatively, to the family Mopaliide.

LITERATURE CITED
Berry, S. S.
:11. A new Californian chiton. Proceedings Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1911, pp. 487-492, text figs.
1-7, pl. 40, October, 1911.

Iredale, Tom.

:14. Some more notes on Polyplacophora. Part I. Pro-
ceedings Malacological Society, London, v. 11, pp. 123-131,
June, 1914.

Pilsbry, H. A.

‘92. Monograph of the Polyplacophora. (Lepidopleuride,
Ischnochitonide, Chitonide, Mopaliide). Manual of Con-
chology, v. 14, pp. i-xxxiv, 1-350, pl. 1-68, Philadelphia, 1892.

93. Monograph of the Polyplacophora. (Acanthochitide,
Cryptoplacide, and Appendix.) Manual of Conchology, v.
15, pp. 1-132, pls. 1-17, Philadelphia, 1893.

98. Chitons collected by Dr. Harold Heath at Pacific
Grove, near Monterey, California. Proceedings Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1898, pp. 287-291.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FourTH SERIES

Vor. VII, No. 11, pp. 249-318. DECEMBER 31, 1917

XI

REPORT UPON A COLLECTION OF HEMIPTERA
MADE BY WALTER M. GIFFARD IN 1916
AND 1917, CHIEFLY IN CALIFORNIA

BY
EDWARD P. VAN DUZEE
Curator, Department of Entomology

Mr. Walter M. Giffard of Honolulu has very kindly turned
over to me for study all the Hemiptera taken by him in Cali-
fornia and adjacent states during the summers of 1916 and
1917. Most of his collecting was done in central California,
largely about San Francisco Bay region, a district in which
little systematic collecting of the Hemiptera has heretofore
been attempted. Many general collectors have worked about
this portion of the state and a considerable number of the
Hemiptera taken have been described by the entomologists of
Europe and the eastern United States. Among the principal
papers including such material may be mentioned Stal’s Re-
port on the Hemiptera of the Fregatten Eugenies expedition,
Uhler’s Report on the Hemiptera from west of the Mississippi
River and his Report on the Hemiptera of Lower California,
Ball’s various papers on western Jassids and one by the writer
ona few Hemiptera collected by Mr. D. W. Coquillette in Cali-
fornia. But two general faunal papers on our California He-
miptera have yet been published, both by the present writer,
one in 1914 covering his work in San Diego Co. and includ-

December 31, 1917

250 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER.

ing 392 species, the other enumerating 140 species taken by
him during July, 1915, at Fallen Leaf Lake in the Tahoe
region. The present paper enumerates 355 species and gives
a somewhat similar survey of the Hemiptera of central west-
ern California together with a few forms taken by Mr. Gif-
fard in the Sierra and elsewhere.

The material taken by Mr. Giffard was obtained during a
few short collecting trips he was able to make to some of the
more interesting and promising localities about the bay and
elsewhere, and altogether represents but a comparatively few
hours of actual work. That he was able to secure so many
rare and interesting species is but another indication of the
systematic methods of collecting which has characterized his
work here and on the Hawaiian Islands. His notes on food-
plants, habits, etc., have mostly been left for future elaboration
and publication. Some of the more important localities he
visited are listed below to save the repetition of details.

San Francisco, collections made at Lands End, Presidio
and Forest Hills on various dates.

Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., between middle and lower
lakes, about west of San Mateo.

San Mateo Co., June 17, 1917, near shore of San Francisco
Bay; June 20, 1917, along La Honda Road among the hills.

Portola Valley, San Mateo Co., west of Stanford University.

Los Altos, Santa Clara Co., July 26, 1916.

Santa Cruz Co., on road to Great Basin, June 8, 1917,
1200-1500 feet elevation; June 9, 1917, 600 feet elevation.

Monterey Co., June 10, 1917, near Del Monte; June 11,
1917, near Pacific Grove on sand dunes.

Muir Woods, Marin Co., among and near the redwood trees,
elevation 200 feet.

Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., work at West Point, 1300 feet
elevation.

Dublin Canyon, Alameda Co., west of Haywards.

Redwood Canyon, Alameda Co., collecting at upper end of
canyon and on adjacent hills.

Tunnel Road, Alameda Co., about six miles east of Berkeley.

Contra Costa Co., along the Tunnel Road toward Walnut
Creek.

Vor. VIT] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 251

Walnut Creek, Contra Costa Co., by road about four miles
west of town.

Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co., at 1400 feet, at the summit,
3800 feet elevation, and at Mt. Diablo Park, at base of moun-
tain.

San Joaquin Co., work near Stockton on May 30, 1917, and
near Tracy on May 31, 1917.

Hoberg’s Resort, Lake Co., and along the road to Lake-
port, about 2500 feet elevation.

Clear Lake, Lake Co., on lake shore near Lakeport.

Blue Lakes, Lake Co., mostly at Laurel Dell on the lower
lake.

Witter Springs, Lake Co., near Blue Lakes.

Sonoma Valley, Sonoma Co., work on oak and manzanita
on the hills at the upper end of the valley beyond Cloverdale.

Hamilton Station, Tuolumne Co.

Wawona, Mariposa Co.

Placer Co., along road from Sacramento to Placerville and
from Placerville to Lake Tahoe, 3900 feet to 5500 feet
elevation.

Fallen Leaf Lake, Eldorado Co., 6300 feet elevation, mostly
along the road to Glen Alpine Springs.

Tallac at southern end of Lake Tahoe, 6000 feet elevation.

Tahoe City and along road from Tahoe to Truckee, about
6000 feet elevation.

Donner Lake, Placer Co., work near borders of lake at about
6000 feet elevation.

Summit Station, Placer Co., 7000 feet elevation.

Soda Springs, Placer Co., 6600 feet elevation.

List OF THE SPECIES

1. Homemus eneifrons (Say). Summit, August 24, 1916.
One adult with young.

2. Homemus bijugis Uhl. Tallac, August 22, 1916. Fallen
Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916.

3. Eurygaster alternatus (Say). Crystal Springs, June,
1916, abundant on the swampy margins at the upper end of the
lower lake; Redwood Canyon, August 6, 1916; Tallac, August
23; 1916:

252 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41 Ser.

4. Thyreocoris ciliatus (Uhl.) Soda Springs, August 24,
1916.

5. Thyreocoris montanus Van D. Summit, August 24,
1916.

6. Brochymena quadripustulata (Fabr.) Road near Ho-
berg’s Resort, August 1, 1916, young; near Placerville, August
19, 1916, young; Niles Canyon, May 29, 1916, adults on trees.

7. Peribalus limbolarius Stal. Muir Woods, August 16,
1916.

8. Chlorochroa congrua Uhl. Forest Hill, San Francisco,
June, 1916; Fallen Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916.

9. Euschistus conspersus Uhl. San Francisco, June and
July, 1916; Crystal Springs, June; Yosemite, June 16, 1916.

10. Neottiglossa cavifrons (Stal). Mt. Diablo Park, July
23, 1916; near Cloverdale, August 3, 1916, on oak and man-
zanita; near Placerville, August 19, 1916.

11. Cosmopepla conspicillaris (Dall.) Muir Woods, August
16, 1916. Crystal Springs, June 25, 1916.

12. Eysarcoris intergressus Uhl. Yosemite, June 16, 1916.

13. Thyanta custator (Fabr.) Niles Canyon, May 26, 1916;
Redwood Canyon, August 6, 1916; near Hoberg’s Resort,
August 1, 1916; Yosemite, June, 1916; near Placerville, Au-
gust 19, 1916; Donner Lake, August 24, 1916.

14. Murgantia histrionica (Hahn). Near Stockton, May
25; 1917,

15. Banasa dimidiata (Say). Placer Co., August 20, 1916,
4500 feet elevation.

16. Perillus exaptus (Say). Donner Lake, August 24,
1916, one example of variety C as listed by me in 1905.

17. Apateticus bracteatus (Fh.) Fallen Leaf Lake, August
21, 1916, one pale’ example.

18. Anasa tristis (DeG.). San Francisco, July 1, 1916.

19. Alydus scutellatus Van D. Placer Co., August 20,
1916, 4500 feet elevation. This specimen is of a uniform
deep black color, with only the tip of the scutellum, the very
narrow base of the third antennal segment and the basal half
of the first tarsal segment whitish. It has exactly the form
and genital characters of scutellatus and should undoubtedly
be referred to that species and not to pluto, which it much
resembles.

Vor. VIT] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 253

20. Tollius curtulus Stal. Siskiyou, southern Oregon,
July 10, 1917; Tallac, August 22, 1916. The latter, a fe-
male, differs from the more typical form of the species in
having the elytra pale, regularly and conspicuously maculated
with fuscus.

21. Tollius setosus (Van D.) Santa Cruz Co., May 8,
1917. The most abundant form in the coast counties.

22. Coriomeris humilis (Uhl). Santa Clara Co., June 11,
1917; Portola Valley, May 14, 1917; Muir Woods, July
ISS 1917.

23. Aufius impressicollis Stal. Near Stockton, May 30,
LOZ:

24. Harmostes reflexulus (Say). Crystal Springs, June
25, 1916; Los Altos, July 26, 1916; Blue Lakes, August 3,
1916; Tallac, August 22, 1916; Portland, Oreg., July 5,
1917; Seattle, Wash., July 7, 1917. The pink form de-
scribed by Dr. Bergroth as brwesi seems to me to be identical
with the typical form of this species. It is the most abundant
phase of this species as found in California.

25. Corizus hyalinus (Fabr.) Crystal Springs, June 25,
1916.

26. Corizus validus Uhl. Yosemite, June 16, 1916; Fallen
Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916.

27. Corizus lateralis (Say). Los Altos, July 26, 1916;
Clear Lake, August 2, 1916, on shore weeds; Soda Springs,
August 24, 1916.

28. Corizus scutatus (Stal). Walnut Creek, August 10,
1916, one deeply colored example.

29. Corizus indentatus Hambl. Muir Woods, August
16, 1916; Mt. Diablo Park, July 23, 1916; Wawona, June
17, 1916; Portland, Ore., July 3, 1917.

30. Leptocoris trivittatus (Say). Tunnel Road, Alameda
Co., May 3, 1917; nymphs taken July 17, 1917.

31. Aradus depictus, new species

Allied to duzei and cincticornis. Dark brown; third antennal joint
soiled white; an oval spot on the expanded pronotal margin white; elytra
whitish varied with fuscus, abdomen tinged with fulvus. Length 6-614 mm.

Male: Oblong. Head one-fourth longer than the median line of the
pronotum; median process parallel, attaining the basal fourth of the sec-
ond antennal segment; antenniferous tubercles small, acute, their tips not

254 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

quite attaining the first segment, their outer margin armed with a median
tubercle, which becomes a small spine in the female; vertex with a smooth,
depressed vitta either side, thus leaving three rounded granulated ridges.
Eyes as in duzei, prominent, without a post-ocular tubercle. Antenne
rather slender, nearly as long as the head and pronotum united; first seg-
ment a little longer than wide; second moderately narrowed to the base;
third and fourth together scarcely longer than the second, becoming slightly
thinner apically; fourth three-fourths the length of the third. Pronotum
short, the expanded sides forming an angle at the humeri, the latero-
anterior margins rectilinear, the latero-posterior nearly so, these margins
with about five rather large teeth anterior to the humeri and some finer
granulations posteriorly; posterior excavation shallow; the six dorsal
carine prominent, the lateral abbreviated at the expanded margin; mar-
ginal carina of the scutellum much elevated. Elytra about as wide as in
duzei, attaining the apex of the ultimate tergal segment. Margin of the
abdomen evenly rounded, with but a small notch at each incisure genital
plate truncately rounded, unarmed.

Color dark fuscous brown; basal segment of antenne touched with
ferruginous; third segment pale yellowish, with its immediate base black;
apex of the last segment clothed with pale hairs; hind edge of the pro-
notum touched with ochraceous; expanded latero-anterior margins with
an elongated white spot. Scutellum black at apex, the marginal carina
with a median white mark. Elytra whitish, varied with black, especially
toward the apex, the extreme tip black. Membrane pale fuscous, varied
with whitish. Coxe, trochanters, knees, tibie in large part and base of the
tarsi pale. Abdomen dark castaneous varied with blackish and tinged with
coppery green at apex.

Female: Abdomen broader and more ovate, expanded margins of the
pronotum more broadly rounded, second antennal segment more swollen,
oval white spots on the pronotal margins larger and the general color paler
than in the male. The abdomen of the female is bright castaneous, with
the margins and a squarish spot within on each segment whitish, and the
venter is marked with a squarish black spot, ocellate with bluish, on either
side of the third, fourth and fifth segments, about which the general color
is paler. Legs pale, the femora and tibie biannulate with fuscous; genital
plates rather narrow and a little sinuated at apex.

Described from a male taken by Mr. Giffard in Niles Can-
yon, May 23, 1917, and a female taken in the hills near
Claremont, Calif., by a Mr. Metz, and sent to me for study

by Dr. Hilton of Pomona College.

Holotype (No. 329), male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in the author’s collection.

32. Aradus behrensi (Bergr.) Summit, July, 1907, one
example.

33. Aradus lugubris Fall. Near Hoberg’s Resort, August
2, 1916.

34. Aradus falleni Stal. Mt. Tamalpais, 1300 feet, Au-
gust 16, 1916.

Vor. VIT] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 255

35. Neides muticus (Say). Muir Woods, July 26, 1916;
July 15, 1917; Walnut Creek, August 10, 1916; near Mid-
dleton, Lake Co., August 1, 1916; Wawona, June 17, 1916.

36. Jalysus spinosus var. wickhami (Van D.) Los Altos,
July 26, 1916.

37. Acanthophysa echinata Uhl. Wawona, June 17, 1916.
Ashmead seems to have had before him this species or one
closely allied when he drew up his description of Hop-
linus multispinus. Barber identifies multispinus with my
perclavatus, but the latter is a larger insect with none of the
characters distinguishing Hoplinus and disagreeing funda-
mentally with Ashmead’s description.

38. Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dall.) Lake Co., near Clear
Lake, on purple milkweed. Also taken at Summit, Placer Co.

39. Lygeus reclivatus Say. Lake Co., August 2, 1916,
in company with the preceding; near Stockton, May 30,
LOZ:

40. Lygeus pyrrhopterus Stal. Near Stockton, May 30,
1917.

41. Ortholomus longiceps Stal. San Mateo Co., June 17,
1917. One example of the pale form was taken at Los
Altos in July, 1916.

42. Nysius californicus Stal. Monterey Co., June 10,
1917; shores of Clear Lake, Lake Co., August 2, 1916;
common at Fallen Leaf Lake, August 22, 1916.

43. Nysius ericae (Schill.) San Francisco, July 18, 1917;
July 18, 1916; Niles Canyon, May 26, 1917; July 24, 1916;
Redwood Canyon, July 2, 1916; Muir Woods and Mt.
Tamalpais, August 16, 1916; Los Altos, July 26, 1916; near
Middleton, Lake Co., August 1, 1916.

44. Ischnorrhynchus resedae (Panz.) Yosemite, June 16,
1916.

45. Ischnorrhynchus geminatus Say. Seattle, July 7, 1917.

46. Ischnorrhynchus franciscanus (Stal). Redwood Can-
yon, July 2 and August 6, 1916; Mt. Tamalpais, August 16,
1916; Los Altos, July 26, 1916; Santa Cruz Co., June 7,
1917; Monterey Co., June 11, 1917.

47. Arphnus coriacipennis (Stal). Portola Valley, San
Mateo Co., May 4, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., June 9, 1917;
near Stockton, May 31, 1917.

256 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

48. Cymus luridus Stal. Seattle, July 7, 1917.

49. Geocoris bullatus (Say). Soda Springs, Placer Co.,
6600 feet, August 24, 1916.

50. Geocoris pallens Stal. San Francisco, July 18, 1916;
Muir Woods, July 15, 1917; Niles Canyon, July 24, 1916;
Santa Cruz Co., June 7, 1917; Monterey Co., June 10, 1917;
Contra Costa Co., June 14, 1917; Laurel Dell, Lake Co.,
August 2, 1916; Placer Co., 4500 feet, August 20, 1916.

51. Geocoris pallens var. decoratus Uhl. Fallen Leaf
Lake, 6400 feet, August 21, 1916.

52. Geocoris atricolor Montd. San Francisco, July 18,
1916; Muir Woods, July 15, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., June
7-8; 1917; Monterey Co., June 10, 1917.

53. Crophius bohemani (Stal). Portola Valley, San Ma-
teo Co., May 4, 1917; Los Altos, July 26, 1916; Placer Co.,
August 19, 1916, on oaks.

54. Crophius impressus Van D. Santa Clara Co., June
LS 1917.

55. Ligyrocoris diffusus (Uhl.) Tallac, August 22, 1916,
young; Soda Springs, Placer Co., 6600 feet, August 24,
1916.

56. Peritrechus tristis Van D. San Francisco, July 18,
1916; Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., June 25, 1916.

57. Rhyparochromus sodalicus (Uhl.) Santa Cruz Co.,
June 7-9, 1917.

58. Scolopostethus tropicus (Dist.) Niles Canyon, June
13, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., June 10, 1917.

59. Euryophthalmus convivus (Stal). San Francisco, June
and July, on lupines in great numbers; near Cloverdale, So-
noma Co., August 3, 1916. Here, as in my catalogue, I have
followed Distant’s determination of this species, which I am
almost convinced is erroneous. This species agrees exactly
with the description and figure of Herrich-Schaeffer and it
is very close to succinctus (Linn.) of the eastern states. It
is the cinctus of my San Diego list and very distinct from the
cinctus of the Biologia, the latter a Mexican species which
may cross the border into Arizona and Texas.

60. Piesma cinerea (Say). Near Stockton, May 31, 1917.

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 257

61. Corythucha maculata, new species

Related to fuscigera Stal, but smaller with different areole and macu-
lation. Length 314, width 134 mm.

Pronotal hood about as in spinosa Champ., but somewhat more
produced and vertical before where it surpasses the apex of the first
antennal joint; viewed from the side about one-half higher than the
median carina and regularly arcuated above; viewed from above nearly
globose behind, but not at all transverse; this portion not suddenly con-
tracted before and with the areoles rather large and distinct, those of the
anterior portion smaller; median carina more depressed anteriorly than
in spinosa as figured by Champion, highest about the anterior one-third.
Expanded sides of the pronotum elliptical before, almost suggesting an
angle there, scarcely surpassing the first antennal joint; areoles small
and regular, averaging about one-half the size of those on the posterior
aspect of the hood, the marginal row scarcely larger than those of the
disk; marginal spines short, but little more than half as long as the width
of the marginal areoles. Scutellum shorter and broader than in spinosa,
the elevated margins continued nearly across the pronotal disk. Closed
elytra considerably narrowed posteriorly, each elytron widened nearly to
its apex; areoles smaller at base with a few larger ones before the apical
dark band; humeral angles well rounded; gibbosities rounded, scarcely
higher than the median carina of the pronotum; marginal spines short
like those of the pronotum.

Body deep black; legs and antenne fulvo-testaceous, black at tip;
membranous portion whitish-hyaline with white nervures: disk of the
pronotum deep polished castaneous margined with black; nervures of the
hood and expanded pronotal margins largely fuscous; scutellar carine
white, the median with an oblique black vitta; pronotal margins with two
fuscous spots, a smaller one before the middle and a larger one at the
middle of the hind lobe; margin of the elytra with a similar spot placed
about its own width behind the anterior edge, not attaining the humeri,
and a transverse band of about the same width just beyond the tip of
the abdomen; posterior aspect of the gibbosities fuscous, the discoidal
region more obscure.

Described from eight examples taken at San Diego, Calif.,
May 30, 1913. Mr. Fordyce Grinnell has sent me the same
species from Pasadena, taken in June, and from Prof. H. F.
Wickham I have received a long series, taken at Nephi,
Utah, June 30. I also took it at Boulder, Colo., July 21,
1903, and at Manitou, Colo., a few days later, and more re-
cently Mr. Giffard has taken the same species in the Yosemite
Valley, June 16, 1916; in Placer Co., at about 5000 feet
altitude, August 20, 1916; on the shores of Clear Lake in
Lake Co., August 2, 1916; in Muir Woods, August 16, 1917,
and in Redwood Canyon, August 6, 1916.

This is the form I have listed as fuscigera from San Diego,
but Champion’s figure of that species shows it to be a larger
insect, in which the pronotal hood is broader posteriorly and
suddenly contracted near the middle: the anterior fuscous

258 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

spot of the elytra is extended to the humeral angle and the
posterior spot is larger and reaches nearly to the apex and
encloses about three large clear areoles. The present species
differs from obliqua O. & D. in the form of the expanded
pronotal margins, the character of the areoles and other
points.

Holotype (No. 330), male, from San Diego, in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from San Diego, in author’s collection.

Paratypes, in both collections and in that of Mr. Giffard.

62. Corythucha fuscigera Stal? Lake Co., along the
road between Hoberg’s Resort and Lakeport on Hoosackia

crassifolia, where it was abundant with its young, August 2,

1916. This may be distinct from Stal’s species, but it agrees
much better with Champion’s figure than does the preceding.
This species and its allies have probably formed the basis
for the records of fuscigera in this country.

63. Corythucha eriodictyonae O. & D. Mt. Tamalpais,
August 16, 1916; abundant at West Point. Very near
setosa Champ., but perhaps distinct.

64. Corythucha bullata, new species

Closely allied to juglandis Fh., a little smaller than the average in
that species, with the pronotal hood more spherical posteriorly and the
elytral cyst larger and more prominent. Length 3% mm.; humeral width
2 mm.

Pronotal hood viewed from above globular behind, broader than in
juglandis, more produced before, its apex considerably surpassing the
second antennal segment, the areoles a little smaller and more numerous
posteriorly; viewed from the side regularly rounded above, not at all
subangulate as in that species. Expanded sides of the pronotum appar-
ently narrower than in the allied species, surpassing the head by about
one-half the width of the latter, the marginal spines shorter and black
only at their extreme tips. The closed elytra more narrowed posteriorly,
their discoidal area almost completely elevated in a large subglobular cyst
which is more elevated than the median carina of the pronotum.

Body beneath deep black with the legs and antenne pale; smooth por-
tion of the pronotum and elytral markings fuscous brown, rather paler
than in juglandis, the expanded areas whitish hyaline with the nervures
soiled white; dorsal aspect of the pronotal hood brown, with the center
of the large areoles paler; expanded sides of the pronotum with a faint
irregular brown cloud exteriorly before the middle and sometimes a trace
posteriorly. Elytra with a broad brown crescent following the humeral
margin and usually attaining the discoidal area within, thus leaving a
clear spot at the inner anterior angle of the costal area; tumid disk of

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 259

the discoidal area brown from before the middle; apex of the elytra
with a broad transverse band omitting the marginal areoles and connect-
ing with a longitudinal cloud on the overlapping sutural areas; pronotal
carina white with the usual fuscous vitta.

Described from numerous examples taken about San Diego
during May, July, October and November, and three exam-
ples taken by Mr. Giffard at Los Altos, July 26, 1916.

This form may best be distinguished by its having the dis-
coidal cyst of the elytra large, covering most of the discoidal
area. C. mcurvata Uhl. is very similar to this but it is
smaller, has the discoidal bulle of the elytra smaller, the
costa more deeply arcuated and the colors paler with the
elytral vittz faint.

Holotype (No. 331), male, from San Diego Co., in the
museum of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from San Diego Co., in collection of
the author.

Paratypes, in the author’s collection and in that of Mr.
Giffard.

Corythucha coelata Uhl is common on Ceanothus in San
Diego Co., from March to May; Mr. Fordyce Grinnell
has taken it at Pasadena in June, and Dr. J. C. Bradley has
sent me specimens taken at Felton, Calif., in May, and at
Palo Alto in September. Prof. H. F. Wickham has sent me
a good series of Corythucha hispida Uhl taken at the Grand
Canyon of the Colorado in Arizona.

65. Physatocheila ornata, new species

‘ Form of brevirostris, a little broader than plexa; pale cinnamon varied
with brown and buff; costal area with two series of irregular areoles.
Length 4 mm.

Antenne more slender than in any of our allied species, the third seg-
ment apparently about one-half the thickness of the second, this latter
two-thirds as long and as wide at apex as the first, much narrowed bas-
ally; fourth clavate, distinctly longer than the first. Reflexed pronotal
margins a little narrower than in plexa, leaving a wider area between the
conspicuous carina, the surface as in brevirostris with a vague transverse
line between the posterior angles of the reflexed margins behind which
the areole are distinctly larger; in plexa these larger areole extend for-
ward but about half way to the reflexed portion. Costal area with two
rows of very irregular areolz, these being more irregular than in plexra.
Tip of the rostrum covered in all the specimens before me but appar-
ently attaining the apex of the metasternum and little if any surpassing it.

Color yellowish or more or less fulvous, the elytra and reflexed por-
tion of the pronotum cinerous-white; head black with the spine-like

260 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

carine white, the surface closely and minutely pale pubescent, omitting a
line either side next the lateral carinze; the prominent tylus pale; buc-
cule large, white, becoming infuscated at apex. Antenne and legs fulvo-
testaceous, the fourth antennal segment black on its apical two-thirds.
Femora and tibie with an obscure dark median cloud, tarsi fuscous.
Rostrum pale, darker at apex. Pronotum deeper fulvous on its disk,
paler anteriorly and posteriorly, marked with fuscous in the anterior im-
pressions; carinz white, the median marked with black on the crest and
near the tip, the lateral with a fuscous mark behind the middle and some-
times another on the crest. Closed elytra with a common large, nearly
round, brown cloud on their disk, darker anteriorly; the veins on the
reflexed sides of the pronotum, on the costal area and on the apex of the
sutural area and membrane mostly fuscous or black, the disk of the mem-
brane with a few vermiculate fuscous lines; extreme base of the discoidal
area infuscated. Beneath with a fuscous longitudinal vitta on either side,
sometimes indistinct.

Described from five females taken by me with their young
on the margins of Clear Lake in Lake Co., August 3, 1916;
one taken by me at Lakeside, San Diego Co., October 2,
1913, and four taken by Mr. Giffard in San Joaquin Co.,
May 25, 1917.

Holotype (No. 332), female, from Lake Co., in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype (No. 333), from San Joaquin Co., in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Paratypes in collections of the California Academy of
Sciences, of Mr. W. M. Giffard and of the author.

Our four North American species of this genus may be
distinguished as follows:

Costal area of the elytra with two complete series of areole.......... 1
Costal area of the elytra with three complete series of areole.......... 2

1. Color brown, obscurely veined with fuscous, the reflexed portions of
the pronotum infuscated; inhabits eastern states....... plexa (Say).
—. Color cinerous varied with fuscous, the disk of the pronotum and be-
neath fulvous or pale ferruginous; inhabits western states........
Gfeaah sheet dee teehee. a1 ster aiele.ve sie iaternieernge: seid atataser aleietetare (el ornata, new spectes.

2. Color nearly uniform ferruginous-brown, rostrum not surpassing the
MESOSTEDMUTM aie in.s, s.crarns Fin aoe ee tees eae =e rsys brevirostris O. & D.
-. Color cinerous varied with fuscous; rostrum attaining the hind mar-
ginwos the; metaSter murs, =, fs.covers) sierers' ov < eietela eese stele variegata Pshly.

66. Leptoypha minor McAtee? One example taken by Mr.
Giffard at Witter Springs differs from McAtee’s description in
being larger, 2.4 mm., in having the third antennal segment
paler, especially at apex, not “infuscated” as indicated by
McAtee, and in a different infuscation of the upper surface,
the latter character probably of little or no significance.

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 261

Stal, in his key to the American genera of the Tingitide,
has included this genus and its allies with uniseriate costal
membrane in the section with bi- or tri-seriate membranes.

67. Teleonemia nigrina Champ. Crystal Springs, San
Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; Muir Woods, July 15, 1917;
Mt. Diablo, 3800 feet elevation, July 23, 1916; Wawona,
June 16, 1916. A common species everywhere in California.
Some of the females taken in company with the typical form
have mere tubercles on the last ventral segment in place of
the prominent horn-like processes pictured by Champion.

68. Monanthia labecula Uhl. Near Cloverdale, Sonoma
Co., August 3, 1916. This is a true Monanthia, very near
to lupuli Fieb.

69. Phymata severina Handl. Borders of Clear Lake
and Laurel Dell, Lake Co., August 2, 1916, on alfalfa.

70. Apiomerus crassipes (Fabr.) Santa Barbara, one ex-
ample. A common species.

71. Rhynocoris ventralis var. femoralis Van D. Redwood
Canyon, July 2, 1916.

72. Pselliopus spinicollis (Champ.) Placer Co., 4500 feet,
August 20, 1916.

73. Sinea diadema (Fabr.) Near Clear Lake, Lake Co.,
August 2, 1916.

74. Nabis ferus (Linn). Niles Canyon, July 24, 1916;
Hoberg’s Resort, August 2, 1916; Yosemite, June 16, 1916:
Fallen Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916; Tallac, August 22,
1916; Tahoe, August 23, 1916; Portland, Oreg.,. July, 5,
1917; Ashland, Oreg., July 10, 1917.

75. Nabis roseipennis Reut. Portland, Oreg., July 5, 1917.

76. Anthocoris melanocerus Reut. Summit, 7000 feet,
August 24, 1916. I have examples of this species from Colo-
rado, Utah and British Columbia.

77. Anthocoris albiger Reut. Redwood Canyon, Au-
gust 6, 1916; Hoberg’s Resort, August 2, 1916; Yosemite,
June 16, 1916; Wawona, June 17, 1916; Placer Co., 4500
feet, August 20, 1916.

78. Anthocoris bakeri (Popp). Near Cloverdale, Sonoma
Co., August 3, 1916; Hoberg’s Resort, August 2, 1916.
These belong to the strongly colored form described by me
as ornatus.

262 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

79. Anthocoris antevolens Wht. Taken everywhere on
willows from tide water to 7000 feet in the Sierra.

80. Melanocoris obovatus Champ. Summit, Placer Co.,
7000 feet, August 24, 1916. The single specimen taken by
Mr. Giffard differs from Champion’s description, in having
the elytra, the costa excepted, dark brown rather than black,
and the second antennal segment and tibiz scarcely paler.

81. Triphleps tristicolor Wht. Niles Canyon, May 24
and July 24, 1916; Los Altos, July 26, 1916; Redwood Can-
yon, July 2, 1916; Mt. Diablo Park, July 23, 1916. Com-
mon everywhere in California.

82. Stenodema vicinum (Prov.) Fallen Leaf Lake, Au-
gust 21, 1916; Portland, Oreg., July 3, 1917. These are
of the green form; nymphs only were taken at Fallen Leaf
Lake.

83. Trigonotylus ruficornis (Fall). Seattle, Wash., July
Fy NON.

84. Trigonotylus breviceps Jak. San Mateo Co., June
17, 1917; Tahoe City, August 23, 1916. This species is
common throughout California in suitable locations.

85. Platytylellus intercidendus (Dist.) Muir Woods, July
15, 1917, one example with the sides of the scutellum black
and the anterior margin and median line of the pronotum red.

86. Platytylellus bivittis (Stal). San Mateo Co., June 17,
1917; Yosemite, June, 1916. i

87. Phytocoris canescens Reut. San Francisco, June,
1916; Redwood Canyon, July, 1916; Monterey Co., June
10, 1917; Placer Co., 6000 feet, August 22, 1916.

88. Phytocoris eximius Reut. Redwood Canyon, Au-
gust, 1916; Santa Clara Co., July, 1916; Walnut Creek, Au-
gust, 1916; Mt. Diablo, July, 1916; Lakeport, August 2,
1916; Hamilton Station, Tuolumne Co., June 19, 1916;
Summit, 7000 feet, August 24, 1916.

89. Phytocoris jucundus Wan D. Fallen Leaf Lake,
August 21, 1916; Placer Co., August 20, 1916.

90. Phytocoris cunealis Van D. Niles Canyon, June
18, 1916; Mt. Diablo, July, 1916; Yosemite, July, 1916;
Placer Co., August 20, 1916.

Vor. VII) GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 263

91. Phytocoris vinaceus, new species

Aspect of rufus, but much larger and proportionately more slender;
smaller and broader than roseus; deep wine red, eyes, membrane and
sometimes the hind margin of the pronotum black or nearly so, the an-
tenne faintly banded with pale. Length to tip of membrane 5 mm.

Head nearly vertical, face flattened above where the longitudinal fur-
row is distinct, below prominently convex; clypeus and lower cheeks also
prominent. Antenne slender, as long as the body; first segment nearly
linear, as long as the width of the pronotum; second not quite twice as
long as the first and about half as thick; third still more slender and
about two-thirds the length of the second; fourth about two-thirds the
length of the third. Pronotum longer than in rufus, twice as wide as long,
sides a little concave, callosities prominent. Elytra parallel, the abdomen
reaching the middle of the cuneus in the male, nearly to its tip in the female;
surface moderately polished, sparsely clothed with very short fuscous
hairs. Rostrum passing the middle of the abdomen. Legs about as in
tibialts.

Color a nearly uniform dark wine red, sometimes a little paler be-
neath, on the anterior disk of the pronotum and on the cuneus, the pro-
notum usually shading to fuscous or almost black at the hind margin,
which is very slenderly paler. Membrane nearly black, immaculate, the
nervures mostly red. Abdomen more or less infuscated in the male and
in the region of the oviduct in the female. Femora sometimes darker
toward their apex, and, with the tibia, faintly dotted with pale; tibial
bristles pale and little longer than the thickness of the joint. First seg-
ment of the antenne sparsely dotted with pale, the pale bristles a little
longer than the thickness of the segment; second and third segments with
a narrow whitish annulus at base and a broader one just beyond their
middle; these segments and the fourth sometimes infuscated.

Described from five examples taken by me at Hoberg’s
Resort, August 2, 1916, and four taken by Mr. Giffard the
next day near the road to Lakeport, all on manzanita. Mr.
Giffard also took this species from manzanita in Sonoma
Valley on August 3, 1916, and again in Placer Co. and at
Tahoe at an altitude of 3900 feet. Mr. Fordyce Grinnell
has sent me one example taken by him at Pasadena, June
5, 1910. At Hoberg’s Resort we found the young in abund-
ance, but few had then reached maturity.

Holotype (No. 334), male, from Hoberg’s, in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype (No. 335), female, from Hoberg’s, in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Paratypes, in the collection of the California Academy of
Sciences and those of Mr. Giffard and the author.

92. Adelphocoris superbus borealis, new variety

Similar to the species and apparently a color variety. Black; prono-
tum and broad costal margin red or yellowish red, the posterior disk of
the pronotum with a black transverse band or two spots; narrow base of

264 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

the second antennal segment pale. In one example the callosities are black
and another has the pronotum entirely red and the black vitta on the
elytra so reduced that it covers only a portion of the clavus and a small
spot on the inner angle of the corium.

Described from two male and two female examples taken
by Mr. Giffard at Seattle, Wash., July 7, 1917. I would be
inclined to consider this a deeply colored form of rapidus
were it not that the rostrum reaches only to the apex of the
middle coxe instead of past the posterior. In three examples
the tip of the cuneus is black. It is possible that both this
and superbus are geographical races or subspecies of rapidus.

Holotype (No. 336), male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype and paratypes, in collection of Mr. W. M. Giffard.

93. Stenotus binotatus (Fabr.). Portland, Oreg., July 5,
1917, apparently common.

94. Irbisia sericans (Stal). Portola Valley, San Mateo
Co., May 5, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., 600 feet, June 9, 1917;
Dublin Canyon, May 6, 1917.

A variety with red legs was taken by Mr. Giffard on the
Tunnel Road in Alameda Co., May 13, 1917; in Dublin
Canyon, May 6, 1917; Contra Costa Co., June 14, 1917; at
Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., June, 1916, and in Santa
Cruz Co., June 7-9, 1917. This form may be called variety
mollipes. Holotype (No. 337), in collection of the Califor-
nia Academy of Sciences; allotype and paratypes, in collec-
tion of Mr. Giffard and of the California Academy of
Sciences.

95. Thyrillus pacificus (Uhl.) Niles Canyon, May 26,
1916; May 25, 1917; April 15, 1917; Contra Costa Co.,
June 14, 1917.

96. Poeciloscytus unifasciatus (Fabr.) Santa Cruz Co.,
June 17;/1917-

97. Poeciloscytus uhleri (Van D.) Redwood Canyon,
July, 1916.

98. Dichrooscyius suspectus Reut. Tahoe City, August
23, 1916:

99. Dichrooscytus irroratus (Van D). Tallac, August
22, L916:

Vor. VITJ GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 265

100. Platylygus luridus (Reut.). Wawona, June 17, 1916,
Placer Co., August 20, 1916; Tallac, August 22, 1916;
Donner Lake, August 24, 1916.

101. Lygus sallei Stal. San Francisco, June 18, 1917.
and July and August, 1916; San Mateo Co., June 20, 1917;
Los Altos, July, 1916; Portola Valley, May 4, 1917; Santa
Cruz Co., June 8-10, 1917; Monterey Co., June 11, 1917;
Niles Canyon, July and September, 1916. Everywhere com-
mon on Baccharis.

102. Lygus convexicollis (Reut.) Fallen Leaf Lake, Au-
gust 21, 1916; Tahoe City, August 23, 1917; Placer Co.,
6000 feet, August 22, 1916; Soda Springs, Placer Co., Au-
gust 24, 1916; Summit, August 24, 1916.

103. Lygus pratensis (Linn). Los Altos, July, 1916; Mt.
Diablo Park, July 23, 1916; Tahoe City, August 23, 1916;
Tallac, August 23, 1916.

104. Lygus pratensis var. rubidus Knight. Muir Woods,
July 15, 1917; Portland, Oreg., July 3, 1917.

105. Lygus elisus Van D. San Joaquin Co., May 25,
SONS; 1917,

106. Lygus elisus var. hesperius Knight. Crystal Springs,
June 25, 1916; Los Altos, July, 1916; Santa Cruz Co.,
June 7, 1917; Niles Canyon, July, 1916; Redwood Canyon,
July, 1916; Walnut Creek, August 10, 1916; Laurel Dell,
Lake Co., August 2, 1916. Next to sallei this is the most
abundant form of the genus about the Bay region.

107. Lygus elisus var. viridiscutatus Knight. Another
common form found everywhere about the bay region from
May to August and as far north as Blue Lakes in Lake Co.

108. Lygus nubilus Van D. Los Altos, July, 1916; Port-
land, Oreg., July 3, 1917.

109. Lygus nubiliatus Knight. Redwood Canyon, Au-
gust, 1916.

110. Lygus campestris (Linn). San Francisco, July 13,
1917; Santa Cruz Co., June 9, 1917; Fallen Leaf Lake,
August 21, 1916; Soda Springs, Placer Co., August 24,
1916.

111. Lygus? brachycerus (Uhl.) Crystal Springs, June
25, 1916; Portola Valley, May 4, 23, 1917; Niles Canyon,
May, 1916; May 23, 1917; Dublin Canyon, May 26, 1917;

266 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

Contra Costa Co., June 14, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., June 7,
1917. The puncturation on the pronotum of this and the
following species is sufficient to throw them out of genus
Irbisia and their low cheeks and simple antennz exclude them
from Capsus. They possess all the essential characters of
Lygus and it seems best to place them here, for the present
at least.

112. Lygus? solani (Heid.) With the preceding of which
this is probably but a dimorphic form.

113. Lygus distinguendus var. tahoensis Knight. Sum-
mit, Placer Co., July, 1907, one example.

114. Lygus nigropallidus Knight. San Francisco, April
18,1917; June 25, 1916; July 13, 1917; Monterey Co.,
June 10, 1917.

115. Lygus aeruginosus Knight. Wawona, June 17, 1916.
1916.

116. Cimatlan pusillim (Uhl.) Placer Co., August 20,
1916.

117. Camptobrochis validus Reut. Walnut Creek, Au-
gust 10, 1916; Wawona, August 17, 1916; Yosemite, June,
1916; Fallen Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916; Placer Co., 6000
feet, August 22, 1916; Tahoe City, August 23, 1916; Don-
ner Lake, August 24, 1916. Common and widely distributed
in California, especially through the mountains.

118. Camptobrochis brevis Uhl. Donner Lake, August
24, 1916. A small black species with hyaline membrane and
fulvous legs.

119. Camptobrochis cerachates (Uhl.) Santa Cruz Co.,
600 feet, June 9, 1917; Niles Canyon, May, 1916. This
species is larger and has more nearly parallel elytra than any
of our other forms.

120. Camptobrochis fenestratus, new species.

Form of fulgidus; yellowish testaceous, more or less tinged with car-
neous, punctured and marked with black; cuneus black with the basal
half conspicuously pale. Length to tip of membrane 6%-7 mm.

Body above polished; legs and antennze normal, clothed with erect
pale hairs, which are less conspicuous than in fulvescens and are easily
rubbed off. Vertex to the insertion of the antenne nearly square, mod-
erately convex; apex of the head obtuse as in fulvescens with the tip of
the cheeks but little prominent. Pronotum strongly convex and narrowed
before; sides feebly sinuated and slenderly carinated; surface with coarse

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 267

and rather distant punctures; hind edge subangularly sinuated. Elytra
strongly convex, coarsely, deeply punctate; embolium broad at base but
soon becoming confused with the swollen posterior disk. Scutellum
strongly convex, polished. Sinistral genital hook of the male with a
long distal horn.

Color yellowish testaceous, sometimes tinged with carneous, clouded
with piceous brown and strongly punctured with brown. Face fulvous
brown, normally with the base of the vertex, a median line and the cly-
peus pale, the latter with a geminate brown line on its basal one-half, the
sutures of the cheeks slenderly piceous. Pronotum with the collum broad
and strongly arcuate, polished; a large spot on the callosites and some-
times the disk posteriorly black; hind edge slenderly pale, the median
line more or less distinctly pale. Scutellum polished black, the basal
angles, apex and median line usually pale. Elytra with a spot at base, a
large one on the middle and the apex broadly piceous. These marks or
at least the basal may become obsolete or almost confluent. Cuneus pale
Or carneous, the immediate base and broad apex black. Membrane fulig-
inous, darker at base, with a faintly paler spot at tip of the cuneus, which
may become a transverse band. Beneath more or less sanguineous, paler
on the coxe and often becoming piceous on the abdomen, the sides of the
venter in pale examples being marked with a row of piceous spots. An-
tenn pale, the thickened apex of the second segment black and there may
be a dusky annulus near the base of this segment. Legs pale, the hind
femora with a broad sanguineous or piceous annulus before its apex;
tibiz triannulate with brown, the basal band often obsolete.

Described from a good series of both sexes taken by Mr.
Giffard at Fallen Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916, and Donner
Lake, August 24, 1916. Three individuals taken near Clear
Lake, Lake Co., August 2, 1916, are a little larger, paler and
more sanguineous with the membrane paler, leaving the
nervures brown, becoming black at apex. These individuals
may be slightly immature. The pale fenestrate base of the
cuneus will distinguish this form.

Holotype (No. 338), male, from Fallen Leaf Lake, in col-
lection of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype in the collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in the collection of the California Academy of
Sciences, and in those of Mr. Giffard and of the author.

121. Camptobrochis fulvescens Reut. Los Altos, July 26,
1916; Walnut Creek, August 10, 1916.

122. Camptobrochis grandis Uhl. Tallac, August 22, 1916;
Soda Springs, Placer Co., August 24, 1916; Summit, Placer
Co., August 24, 1916; Donner Lake, August 24, 1916. This
has a closer and finer puncturation than our allied western
forms. It may be distinguished from the eastern nitens by
the dark, annulated antenne and legs and the fuscous apex

of the membrane. Our specimens differ from the eastern ex-

268 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

amples of this species in my collection in having the sinistral
genital hooks of the male with but a short spine or tubercle
at its outer angle in place of the long horn found in my east-
ern examples but I do not feel like separating it on this
character alone as it is a character subject to much variation
in all our species, even among specimens from the same
locality.

123. Deraeocoris fraternus Van D. Donner Lake, August
24, 1916, one example.

124. Largidea grossa Van D. Placer Co., August 20, 1916,
one example.

125. Dicyphus californicus (Stal). Redwood Canyon, July
2, 1916; Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; Los
Altos, July 26, 1916; Santa Cruz Co., June 10, 1917. Com-
mon everywhere on tarweed.

126. Dicyphus rufescens, new species

Allied to californicus but more reddish in color, with the basal margin
of the pronotum less deeply excavated and the elytra marked with a sub-
costal brown line and two black spots at apex. Length 4-5 mm.

Head as in californicus. Pronotum with the humeri less prominent
and the hind margin but feebly excavated before the scutellum. Elytra
about as in the allied species. Antenne a little longer; second segment
as long as from the tip of the head to the incised line on the scutellum;
third considerably longer than the second; fourth short, one-third longer
than the first. Rostrum reaching to between the intermediate coxe.

Color sanguineous or black. Head and pronotum black, polished; scu-
tellum and abdomen sanguineous to piceous. Elytra yellowish-subhyaline,
in certain lights showing a deep purple reflection from the wings beneath;
costal nervure slenderly brown and against it a slender brown line, widened
to its apex and reaching to opposite the tip of the clavus; apex of the
corium broadly black, the cuneus more opaque, yellowish white with the
broad apex black; a sanguineous line follows the claval suture and is
deflexed around the apex of the corium. Membrane slightly enfumed with
a deeper shade beyond the areole, the nervures fuscous. Coxe and legs yel-
lowish, the femora more or less castaneous, and the hind tibie nearly
black. Antenne pale yellowish, the first segment and base of the second
deep black. Rostrum pale, becoming black at base and apex.

Described from two females taken by Mr. Giffard at Wa-
wona, June 17, 1916, and one female taken by me at Alpine,
San Diego Co., June 7, 1913. This latter individual has the
pronotum sanguineous with the collum pale and the abdomen
sanguineous becoming piceous near the ovipositor.

Holotype (No. 339), female, from Wawona, in collection
of the California Academy. of Sciences.

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 269

Paratypes in the collections of Mr. Giffard and of the
author.

127. Dicyphus elongatus, new species

Larger and more elongated than agilis, with longer antenne, its basal
segment white, black at base. Length 5% mm.; greatest width across
the elytra 144 mm.

Head longer than in agilis, the neck behind the eye equal to the length
of the eye when viewed from above. Antennz reaching to about the apex
of the cuneus; first segment about as long as the space between the eyes;
second as long as the head and pronotum together; third rather longer
than the second; fourth about one-half the third. Pronotum as in agilis,
longer with the sides more strongly sinuated than in californicus. Elytra
long and narrow, parallel. Basal segment of the rostrum scarcely surpass-
ing the hind margin of the eyes, in agilis attaining the base of the head.

Color black, polished. Head entirely black, the vertex and neck highly
polished. Pronotum black, the disk triangularly pale yellowish, this pale
mark resting on the hind margin; collum white. Scutellum opaque black,
the basal angles of the basal field often pale as are occasionally those of the
apical field. Elytra pale yellowish, becoming whitish along the costa and
on the cuneus, the disk with metallic reflections from the iridescent wings
beneath ; apical half of the clavus and inner field of the corium infuscated ;
apex of the corium with a black vitta which does not quite attain the costa.
Membrane hyaline with a broad mediam longitudinal fuscous vitta, the
nervures heavily fuscous except at apex. Rostrum pale, the basal half of
the first segment and the apex black. Legs pale yellowish, the posterior
femora and sometimes the anterior and intermediate, with a longitudinal
row of fuscous points; extreme base of the tibie and the apex of the tarsi
blackish. Abdomen black in the male, pale yellowish or greenish in the
female, becoming black at base and along the sides. Antenne pale testace-
ous clothed with a pale pubescence; second segment and base of the third
black; first white, black at base.

Described from one male and six female examples taken
by Mr. Giffard in Muir Woods, July 15, 1917. The dorsal
fuscous vitta on the elytra is sometimes tinged with red, sug-
gesting californicus. The longer head and antennz will dis-
tinguish this from both californicus and agilis. The former
is a broader insect with the membrane mostly black and the
basal segment of the antenne and the base of the second
black and the elytra red at apex and along the commissure,
while agilis has the basal antennal segment entirely pale, the
tip of the corium with a black mark resting on the costa and
extending but little along its apex, and the membrane quite
uniformly but lightly enfumed with the areoles hyaline.

Holotype (No. 340), male, in the collection of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in Mr. Giffard’s collection.

Paratypes in collections of the California Academy of
Sciences, of Mr. Giffard and of the author.

270 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4rH Ser.

128. Dicyphus vestitus Uhl. San Francisco, July, 1916;
San Mateo Co., June 25, 1917; Los Altos, July 26, 1916;
Santa Cruz Co., June 7, 1917; Oakland, July 10, 1917; Red-
wood Canyon, August 6, 1917; Walnut Creek, Aug. 10, 1916;
Wawona, June 17, 1916; Yosemite, June 16, 1916.

129. Dicyphus crudus Van D. Fallen Leaf Lake, August
21, 1916.

130. Strongylocoris atratus (Uhl.) San Mateo Co., June
20, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., June 7, 1917; Niles Canyon, May,
1916; Contra Costa Co., June 14, 1917. The series taken by
Mr. Giffard exhibits considerable tendency to variation in the
color of the legs.

131. Philophorus clavatus (Linn.) Near Stockton, May 30,
1917.

132. Ceratocapsus fasciatus (Uhl.) Placer Co., August 20,
1916; Donner Lake, August 24, 1916.

133. Ceratocapsus fusiformis, new species

Aspect of modestus but smaller with the apical two antennal segments
thicker, fusiform; color castaneous to piceous. Length 4 mm.

Head nearly vertical; hind margin of vertex flat or slightly rounded,
not sharp as in the Pilophoraria, but with the eyes cut off nearly straight
behind and in this character approaching that division. Front convex,
opaque, with indications of a longitudinal groove and oblique lateral strie;
clypers narrow, prominent, polished and distinct from the front; gula
short, horizontal. Antenne short; first segment scarcely three times as
long as thick, not surpassing the tip of the head; second when pressed
back about attaining the base of the pronotum, gradually thickened from
base to apex where it equals the first in diameter; third and four together
about equal to the second and slightly thicker than its apex, fusiform, the
third a little longer than the fourth. Pronotum about as in modestus but
rather more convex posteriorly; its surface scarcely polished, closely,
minutely punctate; sides rectilinear. Scutellum and elytra closely and
roughly punctate, the latter in the male a little widened posteriorly and
very slightly constricted near the base; in the female broader and more
constricted. Legs shorter than in modestus. Whole upper surface clothed
with stiff subappressed fuscous hairs.

Color dull castaneous or piceous; darkest on the head, base of the
pronotum, disk of the corium and cuneus; often paler and tinged with
testaceous on the clavus. Antenne piceous, the basal segment paler. Pec-
tus and anterior and intermediate legs often paler or almost testaceous;
hind legs piceous, the knees, tip of the tibie and the tarsi paler.

Male genitalia complicated as always in this genus; the dextral hook
bifurcate from its base, the dorsal branch porrect, slender and acute;
the ventral broad, curved downward along the margin of the segment, its
apex recurved and bifurcate, the apical spine slender and acute, the sub-
apical lateral, broad, flattened at base and very acute at apex; sinistral
hook broadly forked from its base, the dorsal branch short, obtuse, the
ventral slender and acute, curved upward under the bifurcated apex of the
ventral branch of the dextral hook.

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 271

Described from two males and four females taken by Mr.
Giffard near Cloverdale in Sonoma Co., August 3, 1916; one
male and three females taken at Los Altos, July 26, 1916, and
two females taken in Placer Co., August 19, 1916, and one
male and two females taken by me at Colorado Springs,
Colo., July 8, 1902. In the characters of the head and an-
tenne this species is close to genus Pamillia but the form of
the pronotum and elytra are those of Ceratocapsus where
the species should probably be placed. On Mt. Diablo Mr.
Giffard took seven females that seem to differ in no respect
except color. These are pale castaneous with the elytra, at
least at base, more yellowish, the cuneus almost sanguinous
and the base of the membrane pale.

Holotype (No. 341), male, from Sonoma Co., in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from Sonoma Co., in collection of Mr.
Giffard.

Paratypes in collections of the California Academy of
Sciences, of Mr. Giffard and of the author.

134. Lopidea marginata Uhl. Redwood Canyon, July 2,
1916; Tuolumne Co., June, 1916.
135. Lopidea nigridea Uhl. Redwood Canyon, July 2,

1916; Hamilton Station, Tuolumne Co., June, 1916.

136. Lopidea aculeata, new species

Very similar to robinie Uhl. with a shorter pronotum, a black lower

urface and different male genitalia. Length to tip of membrane 6% to
mm.

Vertex with a linear depression before the slender basal carina, before
swollen about as in robini@. Antenne a little shorter than in the allied
species; second segment nearly as long as the head, pronotum and scu-
tellum together, considerably longer than the basal width of the prono-
tum; third one-half the length of the second. Pronotum one-half as long
as its basal width, in robinie two-thirds as long, angulate transverse de-
pression before the callosities, reaching almost to the inner angle of the
eyes, in robinie much shorter, with the callosities prominent and rounded
within, while in aculeata they are more elongated, oblique and less convex
toward the median line than in robinie@; surface posteriorly a little more
convex than in the allied species; sides slightly concave with the carinate
edge more obtuse. Elytra narrow, the costa but very feebly arcuated; sur-
face almost smooth, obscurely wrinkled on the clavus, clothed as js the
pronotum, with scattering short black hairs, which want the black dots
at their base.

Dextral hook of the male genitalia broad, ligulate, incurved, pale,
broadly rounded or almost truncate at apex; produced just before its
dorsal apical angle in a long acute, curved process which is serrated be-

S
7

27:2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Serr.

hind and meets an obtuse tooth on the upper lateral margins of the py-
gofers. Sinistral hook rather broad, curved and following the ventral
wall of the pygofer, its apex not disclosed in any specimen before me but
apparently obtuse.

Color deep dull black. Venter in clearly marked examples with an
elongated fulvous mark against each eye and an indistinct longitudinal
median vitta, but generally these markings are more or less obsolete;
cheeks sometimes obscure rufous. Pronotum pale yellowish, more or less
tinged with fulvous or rufous, including the raised anterior margin; callo-
sities and the area between them black, the disk posteriorly sometimes
suffused with blackish. Closed elytra with a broad diffuse commissural
vitta which usually fades out on the base of the clavus. Scutellum, mem-
brane, legs, antenne and lower surface deep black, the disk and sides of
the venter sometimes becoming reddish; apex of the dextral genital hook
conspicuously pale.

Described from seven males and four females taken by Mr.
Giffard at Seattle, Wash., July 7, 1917.

Holotype (No. 342), male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in the collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and that of the author.

137. Lopidea ampla, new species

Closely allied to aculeata; larger with more conspicuous black hairs
above and with the elytral costa distinctly bowing and different male geni-
talia. Length 7-7% mm.

Vertex flattened posteriorly with the basal carina sharp, not reaching
the inner angle of the eyes. Antenne longer and stouter than in aculeata;
the first segment distinctly longer and thicker; third about two-thirds the
length of the second. Pronotum and callosities shaped as in aculeata.
Elytra wider than in aculeata, the costa regularly and distinctly arcuated;
width when closed 2 mm. at base and 2'%4 mm. at widest point; clavus
distinctly wrinkled’ or shagreened, giving the elytra a rougher aspect than
in aculeata. Whole surface of insect rather closely clothed with stiff black
hairs, which spring from punctures that are frequently fuscous or black;
these hairs are especially long and thick on the head and pronotum and
are much more conspicuous on the elytra than in aculeata.

Dextral hook of the male genitalia broad, a little constricted before the
rounded depressed apex; this flattened apex is sometimes paler in color
and may have its superior angle slightly produced; the tooth-like dorsal
projection on the dextral margin of the pygofer is shorter and more
obtuse than in aculeata. Sinistral hook broad and curved, its apex ex-
panded, bifurcated and somewhat twisted.

Color deep opaque black; posterior one-half of the pronotum, including
the depressed sides, and broad costal margin of the elytra, yellowish tes-
taceous; narrow hind edge of the pronotum and sometimes its median
line fuscous; hind edge of the ventral segments narrowly whitish.

Described from numerous specimens representing both
sexes taken by Mr. Giffard on Vicia gigantea at Lands End,
San Francisco, July 24, 1917; and a good series from Seattle,
Wash., taken July 7, 1917. In my own collection is a male

Vor. VII) GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 273

from Seattle received from Prof. Aldrich labelled longicornis
Uhler MS. This latter specimen is a little smaller and paler
but does not seem to differ otherwise and I would use Uhler’s
manuscript name for the species were it not inapplicable, as
the antenne in this form is proportionately shorter than in
most of our eastern species.

Holotype (No. 343), male, from San Francisco, in collec-
tion of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from San Francisco, in collection of Mr.
Giffard.

Paratypes in collection of the California Academy of
Sciences, and in those of Mr. Giffard and of the author.

138. Hadronema robusta Uhl. Tahoe City, August 26,
1916, one example. This specimen has the black spot on the
callosities extended back across the disk nearly to the hind
margin of the pronotum.

139. Paraproba pendula Van D. San Francisco, July, 1916;
Muir Woods, July 15, 1917; Crystal Springs, San Mateo
Co., June 25, 1916; Santa Cruz Co., 600 feet, June 9, 1917;

Niles Canyon, June 13, 1917; Redwood Canyon, August 6,
1916.

140. Paraproba hamata Van D. Redwood Canyon, August
6, 1916; Walnut Creek, August 10, 1916.

141. Paraproba cincta, new species

Aspect of pendula; a little larger, antenne, outer edge and slender
commissural margin of the elytra and the membranal nervures brown.
Length 444-5 mm.

Head as in pendula. Antenne a little longer; first segment as long as
the pronotum and anterior lobe of the scutellum together; second as long
as the head, pronotum and scutellum united. Elytra longer than in pen-
dula, the tip of the abdomen in the female reaching barely to the middle
of the cuneus. Legs longer and more slender than in pendula. Male geni-
tal characters rather obscure, the ventral surface of the pygofer extended
in a rounded lobe.

Color pale yellowish white or greenish. Antennz soiled yellowish; seg-
ments one and two brown or almost black exteriorly and somewhat ob-
scure below; third and fourth segments infuscated. Neck marked with a
fuscous point behind each eye, which is scarcely visible through the prono-
tum, but becomes conspicuous when the head is excerted. Scutellar and
commissural margins of the clavus black; beyond this is a very faint
cloud recalling that found in pendula; extreme tip of the cuneus blackish;
nervures of the membrane heavy, brown; a mark on the base of the hind
tibiz exteriorly and the tip of the tarsi brown.

274 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser.

Described from one pair taken by Mr. Giffard at Niles
Canyon, June 13, 1917, and three females from Crystal
Springs, San Mateo Co., taken June 25, 1916. The male and
one female want the brown line on the inner margin of the
clavus. This form is closely related to pendula and might be
taken for a pale form of that species, but I believe the charac-
ters given are of specific value.

Holotype (No. 344), male, from Niles Canyon, in collec-
tion of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from Niles Canyon, in collection of Mr.
Giffard.

Paratypes in collections of Mr. Giffard and the author.

142. Paraproba nigrinervis, new species

Aspect of cincta, more slender and uniformly pale greenish white, eyes
black; antenne, nervures of the membrane and tip of the cuneus fuscous.
Length to tip of membrane 4% mm.

Head more produced and narrowed behind than in pendula, with the
eyes more prominent, hemispherical in the male; front vertical, the clypeus
prominent. Antenne long and slender, about as long as the entire body
to the tip of the membrane; first segment as long as the head viewed from
above; second nearly four times the length of the first and about one-half
its thickness; third two-thirds the length of the second; fourth a little
shorter than the third, the last two setaceous. Rostrum attaining the base
of the venter, the first segment passing the base of the head. Pronotum
narrow, its basal width hardly more than one-third greater than the
length; anterior margin short, about equal to the base of the head; cal-
losities obvious, but not prominent; base of the scutellum well exposed.
Elytra long and parallel, a little flaring at apex, the tip of the abdomen
about attaining the base of the cuneus in the male. Cuneus very long,
about three times its basal width, obtuse at apex. Upper surface sparsely
clothed with soft white hairs. Color a tender greenish or yellowish white,
the corium and cuneus more deeply tinted with green. Antenne infus-
cated, the basal segment almost black; base of the first and second seg-
ments paler; nervures of the membrane heavy and fuscous except on their
basal third, with the infuscated apex of the cuneus forming a conspicuous
transverse black line acutely angled at its middle. Tarsi very slightly
infuscated.

Described from twelve examples representing both sexes,
taken by Mr. Giffard and myself from grape vines at Laurel
Dell on the Blue Lakes, Lake Co., August 3, 1916, a male
taken by Mr. Giffard at Niles Canyon, June 13, 1916, and a
female taken at Muir Woods in August, 1916. Mr. Giffard
also took numbers of this species at Fallen Leaf Lake, August
21, 1916, and at Yosemite in June, 1916. Diaphnidia provan-
cheri has somewhat the aspect of this insect but the head is

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 275

much shorter behind the eyes, the second antennal segment is
more deeply infuscated, not the first, and the membranal
veins are pale. In the present species these black membranal
veins and the black basal segment of the antennz are charac-
teristic.

Holotype (No. 345), male, from Laurel Dell, in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from Muir Woods, in collection of Mr.
Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

143. Orthotylus ferox Van D. Santa Cruz Co., June 7,
1917; Monterey Co., June 10, 1917.

144, Orthotylus viridicatus Uhl. Yosemite, June, 1916.

145. Orthotylus coagulatus (Uhl.) Niles Canyon, May,
1916; near Stockton, May 31, 1917.

146. Orthotylus chlorionis (Say). Fallen Leaf Lake, Au-
gust 21, 1916; Placer Co., August 24, 1916.

147. Orthotylus translucens Tckr. Fallen Leaf Lake, Au-
gust 21, 1916; Tallac, August 22, 1916.

148. Orthotylus afinis Van D. Crystal Springs, San Mateo
Co., June 25, 1916; Placer Co., 6000 feet, August 22, 1916.

149. Orthotylus pullatus Van D. Crystal Springs, San
Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; Niles Canyon, May, 1916.

150. Mecomma antennata, new species

Very near gilvipes Stal. Antenne black, excepting the base of the
third segment; brachypterous elytra of the female testaceous. Length,
male 4% mm. to tip of the elytra, female 314 mm. to tip of abdomen.

Body black, polished. Vertex with a round castaneous spot against
each eye. Antenne black; male, second segment as long as from the tip
of the head to apex of the scutellum, linear, densely clothed with soft
appressed hairs; third nearly as long as the second and similarly clothed,
its base narrowly castaneous; fourth little shorter than the first. In the
female the second segment is considerably shorter than in the male and
strongly clavate, and the third is more broadly pale at base. Sides of the
pronotum concavely arcuated in the macropterous male, nearly rectilinear
in the brachypterous female. Elytra whitish-testaceous, much exceeding
the abdomen in the male and marked with a broad but vague fuscous cloud
along the commissure; the apical margin of the cuneus touched with
fuscous. Membrane faintly enfumed, with fuscous nervures. In the
female the elytra are broad-ovate, reaching the middle of the tergum and
testaceous-white in color. Legs pale fulvous with the tarsi dusky, black
at apex.

Described from one pair taken by Mr. Giffard in San
Mateo Co., June 20, 1916, on the La Honda Road west of

276 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

Woodlands, one pair taken in San Francisco, June 13, 1917,
and a long series from Muir Woods, July 15, 1917. In this
species the antenne have nearly the form found in gilvipes
but are colored about as in ambulans. It is possible these
three will prove to be subspecies of a single form.

Holotype (No. 346), male, from San Mateo Co., in collec-
tion of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype (No. 347), female, from San Mateo Co., in collec-
tion of the California Academy of Sciences.

Paratypes in collection of the California Academy of
Sciences, in that of Mr. Giffard and in that of the author.

151. Labopidea nigripes Reut. Fallen Leaf Lake, August
21, 1916; Summit, August 24, 1916.

152. Parthenicus psalliodes Reut. Los Altos, July 26, 1916.

153. Parthenicus ruber, new species

Aspect of a Psallus, but separable by the flattened hind femora and the
presence of parallel arolia; testaceous irrorate with sanguinous, giving the
insect a reddish appearance; membrane maculated. Length 3% mm.

Head produced below the eyes for a distance equal to the length of the
eye. In both sexes the eyes are small and the vertex is broad, about twice
the width of the eye when viewed from above; first antennal segment but
little surpassing the clypeus in the female, exceeding the clypeus by about
one-half its length in the male; second segment as long as from the tip
of the head to the apex of the scutellum, a little shorter in the female;
third hardly one-half the second; fourth about one-half the third. Eyes
distinctly separated from the anterior angles of the pronotum. Sides of
the pronotum rectinlinear. Abdomen reaching to just beyond the base
of the cuneus in the male, to its apex in the female, the costa nearly
straight in the male, gently arcuated in the female. Rostrum attaining
the middle of the venter.

Color testaceous, more or less tinged with red in most individuals;
irrorated with sanguineous or often quite uniformly dull sanguineous, with
the sides of the pronotum dusky. Membrane enfumed, the nervure pale,
varied with sanguineous; margin with a whitish-hyaline spot next the
apex of the cuneus and another a little farther out, the latter often obscure
or wanting. Antenne pale with a sanguineous line around the first seg-
ment near its apex and sometimes a reddish tinge near the base. Legs pale,
the anterior and intermediate femora obscurely dotted with sanguineous,
the posterior more or less infuscated and heavily dotted; all the tibie dot-
ted with red or castaneous. Beneath mostly sanguineous with the coxe
pale. Male genital styles long, terete, lying parallel to and near the ventral
wall of the pygofer.

Described from numerous individuals taken by Mr. Giffard
in Placer Co., August 20, 1916, and one male taken by Dr.
J. C. Bradley at Sisson, Calif., August 19, 1908; two males
and one female from Mt. Tamalpais, August 16, 1916, and

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA QT

two males from Santa Cruz Co., June 7, 1917. Those from
Mt. Tamalpais are clearly marked and I consider them typi-
cal. The dark reddish forms are from the Sierra but they
scarcely require a distinct name.

Holotype (No. 348), male, from Mt. Tamalpais, in the col-
lection of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from Mt. Tamalpais, in collection of Mr.
Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and that of the author.

154. Parthenicus giffardi, new species

Form and size of picicollis nearly; above white, sides of the head and
pronotum, a band on the base of the elytra covering the scutellum and the
femora dark sanguineous; membrane black. Length 4-414 mm.

Head small, similar in the two sexes; eyes prominent, bead-like, when
viewed from the side oblong and nearly vertical; apex of the head
produced before the eyes a distance equal to the width of the eye; line of
the face regularly arcuated; vertex about the width of the eye. Basal
segment of the antenne as long as the space between their bases; second
little longer than the basal width of the pronotum; third and fourth to-
gether nearly as long as the second; fourth about two-thirds the third.
Pronotum transverse, much narrowed anteriorly, the sides strongly oblique
and rectilinear; surface impunctate, a little roughened anteriorly; callo-
sities obscure. Elytra long, nearly parallel, the abdomen scarcely attain-
ing the fracture in the male, a little surpassing it in the female; surface
of the elytra impunctate, moderately polished. Hind femora considerably
expanded and flattened.

Color creamy white, clothed above with pale pubescence, which is
easily rubbed off; basal segment of the antennz, sides and lower surface
of the head and pronotum, the pectoral pieces, a transverse band on the
base of the elytra covering the scutellum, the slender commissural mar-
gin beyond the clavus and all the femora sanguineous-brown. Membrane
deep fuscous, the nervures touched with sanguineous at apex, where they
rest on a pale spot; tibiz dotted with sanguineous, the spines pale.

Described from four males and two females taken by Mr.
Giffard in Redwood Canyon, August 6, 1916, on Baccahris,
and one male taken by Dr. J. C. Bradley at Sisson, Calif.,
August 19, 1908. One male has the elytra quite strongly
suffused with fulvous.

Holotype (No. 349), male, from Redwood Canyon, in col-
lection of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from Redwood Canyon, in collection of
Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and that of the author.

155. Macrotylus essigi Van D. Crystal Springs, San Mateo
Co., June 25, 1916, abundant with the young on tarweed.

278 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

156. Macrotylus intermedius, new species

Smaller than essigi, more greenish in color and more suffused with
blackish. Length 3% mm.

General characters of essigi. Greenish yellow. Head clearer yellow,
clypeus narrowly fuscous, the buccule whitish. Disk of the pronotum in-
fuscated behind the black callosities and marked with fuscous dots at the
base of the black hairs with which the surface is clothed and with an
obscurely paler median line. Basal area of the scutellum with a yel-
low mark on either side. Clavus as in lineolatus, not entirely black,
dotted with fuscous; corium sparsely dotted with black, especially on its
posterior disk; costal nervure, a narrow longitudinal median vitta and the
hind edge blackish. In essigi the corium is yellow with a slender costal
line and the broad apex black and the disk with black hairs which do not
spring from black dots as they do in intermedius and lineolaius. Cuneus
immaculate except for an obscurely blackish costal line. Membrane as in
essigi, deeply infuscated with the nervures yellow and a white mark next
to the apex of the cuneus followed by a blackish ray. In lineolatus the
membrane is less deeply infuscated, leaving the black ray more conspicu-
ous. Legs obscure greenish lineate with fuscous and with the usual pale
dots at the apex of the femora as in both allied forms. Antenne black
or nearly so, with the base of the second and third segments very nar-
rowly pale.

Described from two male and three female examples taken
by Mr. Giffard in San Mateo Co., June 20, 1917. This may
prove to be a color variety of essigi.

Holotype (No. 350), male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections.

157. Macrotylus lineolatus Uhl. Santa Cruz Co., 1200 feet,
June 8, 1917; Tallac, August 22, 1916.

158. Reuteroscopus falcatus, new species

Whitish or tinged with fulvous; eves, clypeus, two spots on the pro-
notum and a row of marks on the pleure and sides of the venter black.
Length 4 mm.

Head shorter and more vertical than in ornatus. Vertex smooth, but
slightly convex; clypeus narrow, prominent; facial angle less than a right
angle. Antenne about as in ornatus; first segment exceeding the clypeus
by one-fourth its length; second stout, not thinner than the first, in the
male nearly as long as the basal width of the pronotum, in the female
shorter; third and fourth together as long as the second; third one-fourth
longer than the fourth. Pronotum shorter than in ornatus; moderately
convex, the anterior angles well rounded, sides regularly arcuated, hind
margin very feebly excavated; callosities subcontiguous. Tumid base of
the scutellum well exposed; apical lobe almost flat. Elytra oblong, nearly
flat, the costa but feebly arcuated; abdomen of the male attaining the
apex of the cuneus, of the female reaching to apical one-fourth of the
membrane. Genital segment of the male large, convex, occupying two-
fifths of the length of the abdomen, moderately compressed but scarcely
carinate; the genital characters rather obscure.

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 279

Color whitish, tinged with fulvous in the female. Eyes, clypeus, a
round spot behind either callosity, which may be so extended as to cover
most of the posterior disk of the pronotum, and a large round spot on the
propleura; meso- and meta-pleure and most of the abdomen in the male
fuscous; anterior margin of the meta-pleura and a series of transverse
vitte either side of the venter of the female fuscous or black. Slender
scutellar and commissural margins of the clavus fuscous, the sutural margin
whitish; male with the inner field of both the clavus and corium infus-
cated; corium of the female with a longitudinal median fuscous ray and
whitish costa. Membrane infuscated with pale nervures; in the female
paler with a darker ray behind the areoles. Legs and antennze whitish,
the former immaculate with concolorous bristles.

Described from one male taken by me at Tallac, July 25,
1915, and a female taken by Mr. Giffard in Niles Canyon in
May, 1916. This female has a decidedly fulvous tinge and the
basal lobe of the scutellum is bright fulvous and it may rep-
resent a distinct species. The shorter and more convex pro-
notum and less produced head make this species aberrant in
this genus. It should perhaps go in Phylus but the male geni-
tal segment certainly is not carinate.

Holotype (No. 351), male, from Tallac, in the collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from Alameda Co., in collection of Mr.
Giffard.

159. Psallus pantherinus, new species

Size and form of guttulosus nearly; most closely allied to sulphureus;
smaller than guttulosus, with the membrane irrorate; dots on the upper
surface coarser than in either of those species. Length 314 mm.

Head nearly vertical, shorter than in the allied species, the facial angle
but little more than a right angle; vertex between the eyes nearly quad-
rangular; clypeus rather broad, especially in immature examples; lore
short and broad; cheeks narrow; gula short and horizonal. Rostrum
reaching nearly or quite to the base of the venter; first joint just attain-
ing the base of the head. Antenne rather short; first segment but little
surpassing the tip of the clypeus; second about as long as the basal width
of the pronotum, in the male cylindrical, as thick as the first; in the
female slender; third and fourth slender; third two-fifths the length of
the second; fourth three-fourths of the third. Pronotum proportionately
shorter and broader than in either of the other species, much shorter than
the scutellum, scarcely longer than the head when viewed at right angles
to the plane of the latter; its length about two-thirds its basal width; an-
terior angles well rounded; posterior margin straight, leaving the base of
the scutellum broadly exposed; callosities small, scarcely discernible; an-
terior margin broadly flattened; upper surface rather sparsely clothed
with pale hairs.

Color pale greenish white. Face more or less strongly tinged with
fulvous and showing a pale basal mark and median longitudinal line. Pro-
notum, scutellum and elytra irregularly and not very densely dotted with
olive or fulvous brown; these dots are coarser than in the allied species
and tend to form rings enclosing pale areas; on the pronotum they are

280 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tH Ser.

fewer and more yellowish and may be nearly or quite wanting in immature
individuals. Membrane closely irrorate with pale brown beyond the are-
oles, which are faintly clouded with smoky at apex, with the nervures
whitish; at the apex of the cuneus is a whitish spot followed by a trans-
verse pale fuscous vitta. Antenne and legs concolorous, greenish white,
the hind femora more or less dotted with brown toward their apex; hind
tibia with about seven large black points, each carrying a pair of stout
black bristles; the anterior and intermediate tibie with fewer black bris-
tles and but indistinctly dotted; tarsal claws brown. Venter of the male
becoming fulvous or brown along the median line.

Described from two males and six females taken by Mr.
Giffard and myself on Quercus agrifolia near Cloverdale,
Sonoma Co., August 3, 1916, and three males and eight fe-
males taken by Mr. Giffard by the road a little north of
Hoberg’s Resort, Lake Co., August 2, 1916. I also took one
example of this species in the Garden of the Gods at Manitou,
Colo., July 19, 1900. This species may be distinguished from
its allies by the shorter pronotum finely irrorated membrane
and the coarse dotting of the elytra.

Holotype (No. 352) and Allotype (No. 353) in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Paratypes in collection of the California Academy of
Sciences, and in those of Mr. Giffard and of the author.

160. Psallus seriatus (Reut.) Niles Canyon, July 14, 1916.

161. Psallus soror, new species

Closely allied to juniperi Heid. but larger and more strongly dotted
with sanguineous, nervures of the membrane and the hind tibize also dot-
ted. Length to tip of the membrane 334-4 mm.

Head longer than in junipert. Vertex broad in the female, in the male
narrower than the large prominent eyes. Pronotum normal, the sides very
slightly concavely arcuated; callosities obscure. Elytra long and parallel
in the male, shorter and a little arcuated in the female. Rostrum reaching
nearly or quite to the middle of the venter. Body above clothed with
deciduous white hairs, which are longer on the vertex and pronotum.

Color testaceous or yellowish white, irregularly irrorate with sanguine-
ous above and on the sides of the pectus and venter, the cuneus more
deeply colored in the male; corium with a cluster of black scale-like de-
ciduous hairs at the apex of the clavus and two similar tufts on the hind
margin. Membrane evenly but lightly enfumed, the nervures pale, varied
with sanguineous. Antenne soiled whitish, the first segment slightly
marked with sanguineous at base and apex. Legs pale, the coxe tinged
with greenish; femora toward their apex and the tibie dotted with san-
guineous.

Described from one pair taken by Mr. Giffard near Stock-
ton, May 30, 1917. This insect has much the aspect of Par-
thenicus psalliodes but the absence of free aroliz will at once

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 281

distinguish it from that subfamily. It is very near Psallus
juniperi but may be distinguished by its larger size, more dis-
tinct sanguineous irrorations, and perhaps most readily, by the
strongly dotted tibia. Like juniperi it has an unicolorous
membrane.

Holotype (No. 354), male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

162. Gerhardiella delicatus (Uhl.) Niles Canyon, May 23,
1917; June 13, 1917; Portola Valley, San Mateo Co., May 4,
1917; Santa Cruz Co., June 8, 1917; Tahoe City, August 23,
1916.

163. Plagiognathus mundus, new species

More polished and clearly marked than obscurus; femora black;
cuneus black with its margins more or less broadly pale. Length 4-5 mm.

Head more produced than in obscurus; when viewed from the side
its length below the eye is fully equal to the length of the eye, while in
obscurus it is distinctly less. Antenne, pronotum, scutellum and elytra
as in the allied species; second antennal segment as long as the basal
width of the pronotum; third and fourth slender; third two-thirds the
length of the second; fourth one-half the third. Pronotum trapezoidal,
much narrowed anteriorly, sides rectilinear; callosities inconspicuous.
Elytra almost parallel, a little wider posteriorly, its greatest width in
the male at apex of the corium; sides rectilinear in the male, but little
arcuated in the female. Rostrum attaining the apex of the hind coxe.

Color black, polished, marked with pale greenish or yellowish. Vertex
with a greenish spot, which is broader than in obscurus and often is ex-
tended so as to cover much of the surface as in that species. Antenne
black with the apical two segments pale. Pronotum black, only in the
palest specimens with the disk posteriorly greenish. Scutellum black,
rarely with the posterior field greenish in whole or in part. Elytra black,
normally marked as in obscurus with a pale area at base which may be
extended along the claval suture and discal nervure and very rarely along
the costa; tip of the clavus and the commissure beyond usually touched
with pale; cuneus black with its margins more or less broadly pale, the
black at times reduced to a small median spot or the pale may be reduced
‘to a mere trace on the base and tip. In obscurus the apex is black with
the base more or less broadly pale. Membrane black; the nervures usu-
ally pale, especially at apex, where there may be a pale spot adjoining.
Beneath black; hind edge of the propleura, apex of the cox and base of
the femora greenish. Tibie whitish, coarsely dotted with black; tarsi
black, the second segment mostly pale, the tips of the femora usually pale.
Rostrum black.

Described from numerous examples taken by Mr. Giffard
at Niles Canyon, June 13, 1917, and Contra Costa Co., June
14, 1917. This species varies in the extent of its pale mark-
ings as does obscurus but may be distinguished by the black
femora and by its having the cuneus black on its middle and

282 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser.

not at apex. Pale examples may become a clear light fulvous
on the pale areas. In dark examples the elytra may be en-
tirely black excepting a touch of pale at base and apex of
the cuneus and on the membrane at apex of the areole. In
fresh specimens the body is clothed with a pale pubescence.
The Niles Canyon specimens have the pale markings more
extended than in those from Contra Costa Co. At Portland,
Oreg., and Seattle, Wash., Mr. Giffard took a series that
show the same variation in color but differ in having the
tibiz more or less obscured, sometimes entirely blackish. In
teneral examples the hind femora are pale enough to show
the black dotting characteristic of the genus.

Holotype (No. 355), male, from Contra Costa Co., in col-
lection of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from Contra Costa Co., in collection of
Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

164. Plagiognathus lineatus, new species

Very near mundus but having the elytral costa a little arcuated in
both sexes and marked with a pale vitta within the costa and a more slen-
der line on the claval suture. Length 5 mm.

All structural characters in this species seem to be identical with those
found in mundus, except that the costa is gently arcuated in the male as
well as in the female and widest a little before the middle, a character
that might come from the shortening of the elytra found in this species.

Color blackish fuscous, clothed with a rather close pale pubescence.
Base of the vertex with a transverse pale vitta, which shows no tendency
to spread over the vertex in the specimens before me. Pronotum some-
times with a pale area before the callosities and a larger one on the disk
behind them. Elytra with a narrow pale vitta on the claval suture, con-
tinued on the commissure, and a wider one just within the costa, the latter
connecting with the pale on the cuneus. Membrane deeply infuscated with
the nervures pale and with a whitish spot against the apex of the cuneus,
covering much of the smaller areole. Coxe in great part and often the
base of the femora pale. Legs black with pale knees, in some examples
with the tibiz more or less distinctly pale and marked with black dots.

Described from five male and two female examples taken
by Mr. Giffard at Portland and Seattle, July 3-7, 1917. The
females are slightly immature indicating that the season was
still early for this species.

Holotype (No. 356), male, from Portland, in collection of
the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype and paratypes in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 283

165. Plagiognathus diversus, new species

Allied to politus; black, anterior and intermediate femora pale; tibie
strongly dotted; corium often pale at base; base of cuneus broadly white.
Length 3% - 414 mm.

Head broad and short, projecting beyond the eye for less than the
length of the eye. Vertex distinctly convex, its base apparently angled,
this angle fitting into a shallow emargination of the pronotum; facial
angle almost a right angle. Pronotum transverse, a little longer, with the
rectilinear sides more oblique in the male. Elytra subopaque; long and
nearly parallel in the male, the abdomen attaining the middle of the cun-
eus; shorter and more ovate in the female, with the abdomen reaching
to beyond the tip of the cuneus.. Rostrum reaching to the apex of the
intermediate coxe. Hind femora broad, especially in the female.

Color black; base of the vertex with an oval pale spot against each
eye, sometimes almost obsolete; third and fourth antennal segments and
apex of the second pale. Pronotum sometimes touched with pale poste-
tiorly; clavus at times pale at base; corium usually in the female, some-
times in the male, with a pale area which may be extended down the
claval suture and along the costa, the commissural nervure pale beyond the
tip of the clavus. Base of the cuneus with a broad whitish lunule, its
apical margin sometimes touched with pale. Membrane blackish, ob-
scurely edged with pale at base, especially at apex of the cuneus, the ner-
vures concolorous, becoming pale at apex. Beneath black, the coxe pale
beyond their base. Anterior and often the intermediate femora pale ;
hind femora black; all the tibie white dotted with black and armed
with black spines. Tarsi black on apical one-half, obscurely pale at base.
Rostrum pale at base. In fresh examples the superior surface is clothed
with a pale pubescence.

Described from numerous examples taken by Mr. Giffard
at Niles Canyon, June 13-17, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., June 7,
1917, and from near Stockton, May 30, 1917.

The long parallel black elytra ornamented with a white
lunule on the cuneus gives the male quite a different aspect
from the shorter and paler female.

Holotype (No. 357), male, from Niles Canyon, in collec-
tion of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from Niles Canyon, in collection of Mr.
Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

166. Plagiognathus diversus cruralis, new variety

Differs from the species in having the legs darkened so the anterior
and intermediate femora are black or nearly so and the tibiz are fuscous
or black, thus obliterating the black points. The pale points on the vertex
are scarcely discernible and the antenne are almost entirely black. One
structural difference appears here: the second segment of the antenne
is distinctly thicker than in the species, but in all other characters the
forms intergrade and it does not seem advisable to establish this as a
new species.

284 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41H Sr.

Described from four males and four females taken by Mr.
Giffard at Niles Canyon, May 23, 1917; on the Tunnel Road
near Oakland, May 13, 1917; in Santa Cruz Co., June 7,
1917, and near Stockton, May 30, 1917.

Holotype (No. 358), male, from Tunnel Road, in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

167. Plagiognathus diversus pluto, new variety

Here the pale color has entirely disappeared, except on the apex of the
coxe and base of the femora. The elytra, including the cuneus, are en-
tirely black, excepting that the slender base of the membrane and a spot
on the apex of the areoles is whitish. The second antennal segment here
is as slender as in the species.

Described from two male and three female examples taken
by Mr. Giffard in Santa Cruz Co., June 7, 1917.

Holotype (No. 359), male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, and paratypes in collection of Mr. Giffard.

168. Plagiognathus confusus Reut. Santa Cruz Co., June
14, 1917.

169. Microphylellus bicinctus (Van D.) Redwood Canyon,
August 6, 1916; Portola Valley, San Mateo Co., May 14,
1917.

170. Atractotomus hesperius Reut. Fallen Leaf Lake, Au-
gust 21, 1916.

171. Excentricus californicus, new species

Smaller than the European species; black, above clothed with white
scale-like hairs and pale pubescence; basal two segments of antenne much
thickened in the female. Length 3 mm.

Female: Head long, subrostrate, but moderately deflexed or sub-por-
rect. Vertex but gently arcuated, its base ecarinate. Clypeus narrow,
prominent, bent so its apex becomes nearly vertical, but little exceeding
the cheeks, its basal suture distinct, a little anterior to the insertion of
the antenne; facial angle almost a right angle; gula nearly horizontal.
Antenne stout; basal segment strongly clavate, its apical thickness nearly
one-half its length, exceeding the clypeus by one-fourth its length; second
segment fusiform about as long as the basal, as thick at its middle as the
diameter of the eye viewed from before; both these segments clothed with
fine appressed black hairs; third and fourth very slender, together as
long as the second; third a little longer than the fourth. Pronotum
trapezoidal, its margins nearly rectilinear, the sides curving a little to the

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 285

anterior angles which nearly attain the outer line of the eyes; callosities
hardly distinguished. Elytra somewhat expanded apically, the cuneus
short with a deep fracture. Membrane short, but little exceeding the ab-
domen with a distinct notch at apex of the cuneus. Hind femora mod-
erately incrassate; third segment of hind tarsai subequal to the second,
the first shorter; claws small, strongly incurved; arolia apparently wanting.

Color piceous black; cuneal fracture and narrow apex whitish; apical
two antennal segments, rostrum, except at apex, apical two-thirds of tibiz
and the basal two segments of the tarsi testaceous; tibial spines and a
dot at their base black. Eyes brown. Upper surface and pleuraz clothed
with pale pubescence and intermixed deciduous thicker white hairs. Mem-
brane fuscous, with a pale lunule at the apex of the cuneus and a large
pale spot on its middle, spreading more or less over the basal field; the
nervures heavy, fuscous.

Described from two females taken by Mr. Giffard in Placer
Co., at 6000 feet, August 20, 1916.

The form of the female antenne and the less produced
head exclude this species from Criocoris while from Atracto-
tomus it may be distinguished by the thickened basal segment
of the antennze and the form of the head and pronotum. It
seems to be near the European Excentricus punctipes but is
much smaller and apparently has no black hairs among the
pale ones on the upper surface.

Holotype (No. 360), female, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Paratype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

172. Chlamydatus uniformis (Uhl.) Hamilton Station,
Tuolumne Co., June, 1916.

173. Chlamydatus associatus (Uhl.) Soda Springs, Placer
Co., August 24, 1916.

174, Europiella decolor (Uhl.) Redwood Canyon, July 2,
1916; near Stockton, May 30, 1917; Donner Lake, August
24, 1916.

175. Maurodactylus semiustus Van D. Mt. Diablo, 3800
feet, July 23, 1916.

176. Gerris remigis (Say.) Niles Canyon, September 2,
1916.

177. Microvelia americana (Uhl.) Niles Canyon, Septem-
ber 2, 1916,

178. Saldula explanata (Uhl.) San Mateo Co., June) 17,
1917; Placer \Co.;, August! 201916;

179. Saldula interstitialis (Say). San Mateo Co., June 17,
1917.

286 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

180. Saldula dispersa (Uhl.) Niles Canyon, September 2,
1916.

181. Micracanthia pusilla Van D. Placer Co., August 20,
1916.

182. Lethocerus angustipes (Mayr). Sacramento, August
19, 1916.

183. Abedus macronyx Mayr. Niles Canyon, July 11,
1916; September 2, 1916, young.

184. Gelastocoris variegatus (Guer.) Niles Canyon, Sep-
tember 2, 1916.

185. Platypedia arcolata intermedia Van D. Santa Cruz
Co., June 7, 1917.

186. Aphrophora angulata Ball. San Francisco, July, 1916;
Los Altos, July 26, 1916; Muir Woods, July 7, 1917.

187. Aphrophora permutata Uhl. Niles Canyon, May,
1916; Santa Clara Co., June 11, 1917; Wawona, June 17,
1916; Tallac, August 22, 1916; Tahoe City, 6000 feet, August
23, 1916; Donner Lake, August 24, 1916; Portland, Oreg.,
July 5, 1917; Seattle, Wash., July 7, 1917. Young at Yosem-
ite in June.

188. Philenus leucophthalmus pallidus (Zett). Seattle,
Wash., July 7, 1917.

189. Clastoptera lineatocollis Stal. Fallen Leaf Lake, Au-
gust 21, 1916; Donner Lake, August 24, 1916, on sage.

190. Clastoptera lineatocollis binotata Ball. Fallen Leaf
Lake, August 21, 1916; Donner Lake, August 24, 1916; Tal-
lac, August 22, 1916. This is the black form of lineatocollis
and is usually found on sage brush in company with the
species.

191. Ceresa albidosparsa Stal. San Francisco, June 25,
1916; Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; Los
Altos, July 26, 1916; Niles Canyon, May, 1916; Contra Costa
Co., June 14, 1917; Walnut Creek, August 10, 1916; near
Stockton, May 25, 1917; near Cloverdale, Sonoma Co., Au-
gust 3, 1916.

192. Stictocephala pacifica Van D. Crystal Springs, San
Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; Niles Canyon, May, 1916; Mt.
Diablo Park, July 23, 1916; Contra Costa Co., June 14, 1917;
Hoberg’s Resort and Blue Lakes, Lake Co., August 2, 1916;
Hamilton Station, Tuolumne Co., June, 1916.

Vor. VIT] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 287

193. Stictocephala wickhami Van D. Fallen Leaf Lake,
August 21, 1916; Tallac, August 22, 1916; Tahoe City, Au-
gust 23, 1916; Summit, Placer Co., August 24, 1916. In
California this species seems to be confined to the higher
altitudes, while pacifica is found mostly along the coast belt.

194. Stictocephala franciscana Stal. Portola Valley, San
Mateo Co., May 4, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., 1500 feet, June 8,
1917; Niles Canyon, July 24, 1916; near Stockton, May 25,
1917; Laurel Dell, Lake Co., August 2, 1916. This species
seems to take the place of festina on the alfalfa fields in cen-
tral and northern California.

195. Telamonanthe rileyi (Godg.) San Francisco, June 25,
1916; Los Altos, July 26, 1916; Mt. Tamalpais, August 16,
1916; Walnut Creek, August 10, 1916; Mt. Diablo, 1400 feet,
July 23, 1916.

196. Cyrtolobus vanduzei (Godg.) Niles Canyon, May,
1916; Mt. Diablo, July 23, 1916.

197. Platycotis vittata (Fabr.) Wawona, June 17, 1916;
Placer Co., August 20, 1916. The latter specimens pertain
to the unmarked form described as sagittata Germ. which,
possibly should be regarded as a color variety; both these
have the porrect horn. An immature unarmed specimen of
var. quadrivittata Say was taken at Wawona with the typical
form.

198. Platycotis maritimus, new species

Intermediate between vittata and minax, but more closely related to
the former; pronotum unarmed in all individuals seen by me; greenish or
brownish, more or less varied with darker, median carina black in part.
Length to tip of elytra 8 mm.

Head nearly as in vittata, the anterior margin more evenly arcuated
and distinctly reflexed than in the allied form; surface distinctly wrinkled
vertically with prominent percurrent median carina. Pronotum similar
to that of vittata, with finer, distinct punctures; median carina attaining
the anterior margin; cicatrices distinctly smaller and shorter than in
vittata, beginning abruptly about two-thirds their own length from the
median carina and terminating just beyond the inner line of the eyes. In
vittata they end indefinitely very near the median carina and extend lat-
erally fully to the middle of the eyes; humeri prominent and obtuse; apex
usually acute, attaining the middle of the inner apical areole. Elytra hya-
line, with strong brown nervures, barely touched with smoky at apex
beyond the apical nervure. Last ventral segment of the female deeply
roundedly excavated almost to its-base; plates of the male subterete, par-
allel and approximate, reaching distinctly beyond the tumid sides of the
pygofers, which in this species are much expanded.

Color about as in vittata and exhibiting similar variations; testaceous
or yellowish brown, sometimes more or less tinged with greenish; me-

288 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

dian carina usually polished black over the dorsum, often interrupted with
pale; punctures brown or ferruginous, becoming black on the dark areas;
cicatrices and usually a dot above them and the hind angles black; above
the humeri is an oblique pale brown vitta often absent, and on the mar-
gin beyond the middle is a blackish spot, representing the median vitte
found in vittata. Costa and base of the clavus yellow, the former often
reduced to a mark on the base of the outer discal areole. Beneath pale
testaceous, the tibia and tarsi more or less embrowned.

Described from four males taken by me on tan-bark oak in
Muir Woods, September 5, 1914, and three males and two
females taken by Mr. Giffard at the same locality, August 16,
1916. One male from Departure Bay, Vanc. Isd., August 8,
1913, shows the vittze found in vittata but the lateral are more
curved, connecting with the longitudinal vittee at one end
and with the humeral spot at the other. The characters given
for this species seem to be constant, but wider collecting may
show that it is but a phase of vitiata inhabiting the fog belt
along the coast.

Holotype (No. 361), male, in the collection of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

199. Platycotis minax Godg. Mt. Diablo, 1400 feet, July
23, 1916; near Cloverdale, Sonoma Co., August 3, 1916.
Both these individuals belong to the unarmed form described
as asodalis by Goding.

200. Philya californiensis (Godg.) Los Altos, July 26,
1916; Marin Co., July 17, 1917. Taken in large numbers on
Baccharis by Mr. Giffard.

201. Koebelia californica Bak. Soda Springs, Placer Co.,
August 24, 1916, one darkly colored example.

202. Parapulopa interrupta Ball. Portola Valley, May 4,
1917; Dublin Canyon, May 6, 1917.

203. Parapulopa friscana Ball. San Francisco, June and
July, 1916; July, 1917; Monterey Co., June 11, 1917; Muir
Woods, August, 1916.

204. Parapulopa arborea Ball. Wawona, June 17, 1916;
Placer Co., August 20, 1916; Santa Cruz Co., June 9, 1917.

205. Agallia novella Say. Contra Costa Co., June 14,
1917; Yosemite, June, 1916; Seattle, Wash., July 7, 1917;
Portland, Oreg., July 3, 1917.

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 289

206. Agallia uhleri Van D. Niles Canyon, May to July;
near Stockton, May 31, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., June 10,
1917; Walnut Creek, August 10, 1916; Laurel Dell, Lake
Co., August 2, 1916; Clear Lake, Lake Co., August 2, 1916.

207. Agallia sanguwinolenta Prov. Crystal Springs, San
Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; Mt. Diablo, July 23, 1916; Ash-
land, Oreg., July 10, 1917.

208. A gallia californica Bak. Common everywhere in Cali-
fornia from the coast to the High Sierra from May to August.

209. Agallia lyrata Bak. Niles Canyon, May 19, 1916;
near Stockton, May 30, 1916; Hoberg’s Resort, Lake Co.,
August 2, 1916; Wawona, June, 1916; Yosemite, June, 1916;
Placer Co., August 20, 1916.

210. Idiocerus amoenus Van D. Alameda, May, 1916;
Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; Niles Can-
yon, September 2, 1916; Walnut Creek, August 10, 1916.
Common on willows in the coast region. I have examined
a great number of examples from Alameda Co., ‘the type
locality for Ball’s var. depictus and have seen nothing but the
typical form and a deeply colored variety which I describe
below:

211. Idiocerus amcenus pictus, new variety

Differs from the species in being darker in color; vertex
and face above marked with brown and irrorate with pale;
pronotum and scutellum chestnut brown; elytra smoky with
a broad whitish transverse band across the middle of the
clavus followed by a band of deeper chestnut brown; oviduct
fuscous-brown.

This is the most common form of the species throughout
the bay region in spring and early summer, later in the sea-
son they become paler or mostly revert to the typical form
which was the only form I took in San Diego Co.

Holotype (No. 362), female, from Niles Canyon, in collec-
tion of the California Academy of Sciences.

Paratypes in the collection of the California Academy of
Sciences, in the collection of Mr. Giffard and in that of the
author.

212. Idiocerus amabilis Ball. Summit, Placer Co., August
24, 1916, common. This species was described from Vancou-

290 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

ver Island but I have taken it at Salamanca, N. Y., in July,
and have seen specimens taken at Lake Temagami, Ont., in
August. This evidently is a boreal form that follows down
the Sierra from British Columbia.

213. Idiocerus nervatus Van D. Niles Canyon, May, 1916;
Crystal Springs, June 25, 1916. This species is as widely dis-
tributed in the west as in the east. Immature individuals are
more yellowish and hardly show the dark nervures through
the elytra.

214. Idiocerus verticis (Say). Niles Canyon, July 24,
1916; Redwood Canyon, August 6, 1916. The identity of
this species is in some doubt.

215. Idiocerus musteus Ball. San Francisco, July 26, 1916;
Niles Canyon, May, 1916; Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co.,
June 25, 1916.

216. Idiocerus morosus Ball. Redwood Canyon, August 6,
1916; Wawona, June, 1916.

217. Idiocerus verrucosus Ball. Fallen Leaf Lake, August
21, 1916; Placer Co., 4500 feet, August 20, 1916; Summit,
Placer Co., 7000 feet, August 24, 1916. Mr. Giffard seems to
have found this species abundant as he brought home long
series from these localities.

218. Idiocerus ensiger Ball. Summit, Placer Co., August
24, 1916. This species is quite distinct by its fulvous color
and the long oviduct of the female.

219. Idiocerus femoratus Ball. Donner Lake, August 24,
1916.

220. Idiocerus snowi G. & B. Hoberg’s Resort, Lake Co.,
August 2, 1916; Hamilton Station, Tuolumne Co., June 16,
1916; Los Altos, July 26, 1916; Walnut Creek, August 10,
1916. I have found this species well distributed in San
Diego Co.

221. Idiocerus pallidus Fh. Crystal Springs, San Mateo
Co., June 25, 1916; Fallen Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916. I
have taken this species at Berkeley, in September and at
Clear Lake, Lake Co., August 2, 1916. Our western material
agrees in every respect with that taken in the east.

222. Macropsis occidentalis Van D. Niles Canyon, May,
1916. Contra Costa Co., May 30, 1917.

Vor. VIT] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 291

223. Oncopsis californicus, new species

Allied to pruni, but larger, with the median line of the pronotum dark,
accentuated by a paler area either side; last ventral segment of the female
short, triangular, with an apical notch; elytra hyaline, with heavy fuscous
veins, at least in the male. Length 5-514 mm.

Head regularly rounded, the vertex of equal length across its whole
width, and with the disk of the front, strongly punctured. Pronotal ruge,
carrying scattering punctures, more distinct than in variabilis, these ruge
more regular and less interrupted than in prunt; middle of the vertex,
with a longitudinal carina, usually obvious. Elytra with three ante-apical
areoles, the outer sometimes broken up in the male, the nervures strong;
areoles mostly hyaline, sometimes more or less clouded toward the claval
suture in the female. Last ventral segment of the female short-triangular,
with a rather deep elliptical or linear notch; oviduct surpassing the py-
gofers farther than in the allied species.

Color pale testaceous varying to greenish or yellowish, varied with
cinerous or fuscous. Base of the vertex with a black dot either side placed
a little nearer the eye than to the median line, these dots usually con-
nected by an irregular fuscous band, which in the male may send a me-
dian branch to the base of the front. Face with a transverse arcuate black
band on the base of the front and sometimes a smaller one at apex, either
side with a broad fuscous arc; most individuals also have a black point
at each ocellus. Pronotum typically fuscous or black in the male, with a
transverse pale area behind the cicatrices vaguely extended to the hind
margin either side of a dark median line, the transverse band usually
including one or two black points behind each eye. Scutellum blackish,
with the basal angles and an oblique line either side of the middle pale,
the latter ending in a yellow spot on the basal angles of the apical field.
Elytra whitish hyaline, the nervures heavy and fuscous, the commissural
twice interrupted with pale. In the female the black becomes brown or
cinnamon, with the pale marks much extended and the elytral nervures
scarcely infuscated.

Described from a series of both sexes taken by Mr. Giffard
near the Tunnel Road east of Berkeley, May 13, 1917,
and at Niles Canyon, May 23, 1917.

What seems to be a pale variety of this species is cinna-
mon-brown with the elytra clouded toward the claval suture,
the clavus pale and the nervures scarcely darker. This form
was taken at Tahoe, August 23, 1916, and at Niles Canyon
in May, 1916, and seems in a measure to connect californicus
with variegatus, which has similar genital characters. Were
it not for the very different character of the males, which
closely resemble those of pruni, they might be considered as
races of one species. This form may be distinguished super-
ficially by the dark median line on the pronotum.

Holotype (No. 363), male, from Tunnel Road, in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

292 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

Allotype, female, from Tunnel Road, in collection of Mr.
Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

224. Bythoscopus franciscanus (Bak.) San Francisco,
April 18, 1907; June 25, 1916; July 10, 1916; Los Altos,
July 26, 1916; Niles Canyon, July 14, 1916.

225. Bythoscopus ater (Bak.) Lakeport, Lake Co., August
2, 1916; Fallen Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916; Donner Lake,
August 24, 1916; Summit, August 24, 1916.

226. Oncometopia lateralis (Fabr.) Tallac, August 22,
1916; Tahoe City, August 23, 1916; Donner Lake, August
24, 1916.

227. Cicadella hicroglyphica confluens (Uhl.) Walnut
Creek, August 10, 1916; Mt. Diablo Park, July 23, 1916;
near Stockton, May 25, 1917.

228. Cicadella gothica (Sign.) Niles Canyon, July 14,
1916; Los Altos, July 26, 1916.

229. Cicadella circellata (Bak.) Los Altos, July 26, 1916;
Santa Cruz Co., June 7, 1917; Niles Canyon, July 14, 1916;
Dublin Canyon, May 6, 1917; Walnut Creek, August 10,
1916; Witter Springs, Lake Co., August 2, 1916.

230. Helochara communis Fh. Crystal Springs, San Mateo
Co., June 25, 1916; Santa Cruz Co., June 9, 1917; Monterey
Co., June 11, 1917; Tahoe City, August 23, 1916; Soda
Springs, Placer Co., August 24, 1916.

231. Dreculacephala minor (Walk.). Crystal Springs, San
Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; San Mateo Co., June 17, 1917;
Santa Clara Co., June 11, 1917; Los Altos, July 26, 1916:
Monterey Co., June 11, 1917; Niles Canyon, May, 1916;
September 2, 1916; Clear Lake, Lake Co., August 2, 1916.

232. Dreculacephala crassicornis Van D. Portland, Oreg.,
July 3, 1917, one female in which the antenne are not
thickened.

233. Dre@eculacephala reticulata Sign. Niles Canyon, July
14, 1916; Redwood Canyon, July 2, 1916; Monterey Co.,
June 11, 1917.

234. Pagaronia 13-punctata Ball. Crystal Springs, San
Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; San Mateo Co., hills, June 20,

Vor. VIT] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 293

1917; Santa Cruz Co., July 7, 1917; Monterey Co., June 11,
1917; Muir Woods, July 15, 1917; Niles Canyon, May, 1916.

235. Pagaronia 13-punctata triunata Ball. Muir Woods,
July 15, 1917; Niles Canyon, May, 1916; Contra Costa Co.,
June 14, 1917; Dublin Canyon, May 6, 1917; Tunnel Road,
near Piedmont, May 13, 1917; Walnut Creek, May 13, 1917.

236. Bathysmatophorus uhleri Ball. Portola Valley, San
Mateo Co., May 4, 1917; Dublin Canyon, May 6, 1917; Mt.
Diablo, July 23, 1916.

237. Errhomenellus maculatus (G. & B.) Fallen Leaf Lake,
August 21, 1916.

238. Gypona cana Burm. Los Altos, July 26, 1916; So-
noma Valley near Cloverdale, August .3, 1916; Mt. Diablo,
1400 feet, July 23, 1916, young.

239. Gypona angulata Spangb. San Mateo Co., June 17,
20, 1917; Niles Canyon, July 14, 1916; near Stockton, May
30, 1917; Yosemite, June, 1916.

240. Xerophiea viridis Fabr. Crystal Springs, San Mateo
Co., June 25, 1916; Niles Canyon, May, 1916.

241. Acucephalus giffardi, new species

Still smaller than Xestocephalus pulicarius and more oblong, not so
much widened medially; mottled and transversely banded with black and
white. Length 2%-3 mm.

Head wider than the pronotum, rounded in both diameters in both
sexes. Vertex nearly right angled before, the apex subacute; hind margin
broadly arcuated, middle line a little elevated, with an oval slightly de-
pressed area either side next the base; surface closely and evenly punc-
tured. Front broad and short, moderately convex, closely minutely pune-
tured; clypeus broad, oblong, its sides very slightly concave, attaining the
apex of the cheeks. Pronotum a little shorter than the vertex, distinctly,
transversely wrinkled; anterior and posterior margins nearly parallel.
Elytra short, oblong, hardly attaining the apex of the abdomen in the
female, but little surpassing it in the male; costa gently arcuated, apex
rounded.

Hind margins of the last ventral segment of the female parallel with
the anterior, broadly subangularly excavated. Pygofers stout, armed with
a cluster of stiff bristles at apex. Valve of the male short, broadly angled;
plates short and broad, triangular, their sides arcuated at base, then nearly
straight to the subacute apex; fringed with short, stiff bristles.

Color black; apex of the head with an oval pale spot enclosing a pair
of angular marks and connected along the margin with a pale annulus
about the ocelli. Base of vertex with a broad pale band, often tridentate
at the middle; basal two-thirds of pronotum white; scutellum with a pale
hind border. Elytra with the apex, a broad basal and a post-medial trans-
verse band white; between these bands is a large white costal spot, some-
times more or less merged with the anterior band; the nervures concol-

294 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

orous on the alternating bands. Front with a median line, widened at apex,
and about six arcs on either side pale; disk of the clypeus and cheeks
more or less pale, the temples spotted with black. Knees, tibie and tarsi
pale, the tibiz black within.

Described from seven male and six female examples taken
by Mr. Giffard at Soda Springs, Placer Co., August 24,
1916. I place this tiny species in Acucephalus on account of
the broad head and oblong form, although the female wants
the depressed vertex usual in that genus.

Holotype (No. 364), male, in collection of California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

242. Memnonia simplex, new species

Female: Aspect of consobrina, larger and of an almost uniform pale
green. Male more whitish, vertex and pronotum bilineate with fuscous.
Length, male 4 mm., female 6 mm.

Head longer than in comsobrina, subacutely triangular; median length
of the vertex twice that next the eye and one-fourth greater than the
basal width between the eyes; surface closely but obscurely rastrate-
punctate; ocelli placed distinctly superiorly and rather distant from the
eyes. Front long, prominent, convex, almost parallel below the eyes to
near the apex, then abruptly rounded to the clypeus. Clypeus rather large,
convex, regularly narrowing from base to apex. Pronotum short, one-half
the length of the vertex; anterior and posterior margins nearly parallel,
the latter a little angulate-emarginate; the surfaces transversely wrinkled
on the posterior half. Scutellum small, the transverse impressed line dis-
tinct. Elytra short, parallel margined, elliptically rounded at apex, reach-
ing to about the base of the apical tergal segment; nervures indistinct,
bordered either side by a row of punctures, the venation similar to con-
sobrina, there being but one transverse nervure. Wings rudimentary, about
half the length of the elytra. Last ventral segment rather long, its apical
margin broadly rounded and a little notched at the middle. Color pale
green, tinged with yellow on the head, the abdomen more or less fulvous;
superior genital segment sometimes marked with black at base; the ovi-
duct brown.

Male more whitish and clothed with a white bloom; vertex and prono-
tum with two slightly diverging broken fuscous vitte forming two pairs
of spots on the vertex. Tergum mostly black; inner surface of the ante-
rior and intermediate tibie, apex of the tarsi, a spot on either side of the
pygofers at base and the tips of the plates black. Elytra in this sex attain-
ing the tip of the abdomen. Valve wanting; plates linear, long, curved
upward and somewhat surpassing the anal tube.

Described from one male and seven female examples taken
by Mr. Giffard at Lands End and Golden Gate Park, San
Francisco, in June and July and in San Mateo Co. in June.
Superficially this insect resembles a Neococlidia, but differs in
the more triangular head, the superior ocelli, short antennal

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 295

setee and rudimentary wings. From Memmnonia it differs by
the narrower and more convex front and more superior ocelli,
but seems best placed in the latter genus.

Holotype (No. 365), male, in collection of the. California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

243. Parabolocratus viridis (Uhl.) Near Stockton, May
25, 1917; Fallen Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916.

244. Cochlorhinus pluto Uhl. Santa Cruz Co., June 8, 1917;
Niles Canyon, May 23, 1917; Contra Costa Co., June 14,
1917.

245. Aligia inscripta (Van D.) Fallen Leaf Lake, 6300
feet, August 21, 1916.

246. Mesamia coloradensis (G. & B.). Santa Cruz Co.,
June 7, 1917; Niles Canyon, May, 1916; Contra Costa Co.,
June 14, 1917; near Stockton, May 30, 1917. These are
darker and more clearly marked than those from Colorado
and have the concentric black lines on the edge of the vertex
very conspicuous, but they vary much in color and can hardly
represent a new species.

247. Scaphoideus scalaris Van D. San Francisco, July 18,
1916; Muir Woods, July 15, 1917; Mt. Tamalpais, August
16, 1916; Walnut Creek, August 10, 1916; Laurel Dell, Lake
Co., August 2, 1916.

248. Scaphoideus blandus Ball. Contra Costa Co., June 14,
1917; Lakeport, 2500 feet, August 2, 1916; near Cloverdale,
Sonoma Co., August 3, 1916.

249. Scaphoideus scrupulosus Ball. Hamilton Station,
Tuolumne Co., June, 1916.

250. Platymetopius acutus (Say). Santa Cruz Co., 1200
feet, June 8, 1917; 600 feet, June 9, 1917; Tunnel Road, near
Oakland, May 13, 1917; Niles Canyon, June, 1916; May 23,
1917.

251. Platymetopius acutus dubins Van D. Los Altos, July
26, 1916; near Cloverdale, Sonoma Co., August 3, 1916;
Niles Canyon, May, 1916; June 13, 1917; near Stockton,
May 30, 1917; Lake Co., near Lakeport, 2500 feet, August 2,
1916; Ashland, Oreg., July 10, 1917.

296 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4tH Ser.

252. Platymetopius nasutus Van D. Mt. Diablo, 3800 feet,
July 23, 1916.

253. Deltocephalus affinis G. & B. Redwood Canyon, July
2, 1916; Tunnel Road, near Oakland, May 13, 1917; Portola
Valley, San Mateo Co., April 5, 1917; Monterey Co., June
11, 1917; Portland, Oreg., July 3, 1917.

254. Deltocephalus cinerosus Van D. San Francisco, April
18, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., 1200 feet, June 3, 1917; Dublin
Canyon, May 6, 1917.

255. Deltocephalus fuscinervosus Van D. San Francisco,
June 25, 1916; Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., June 25,
1916; Portola Valley, San Mateo Co., May 4, 1917; Niles
Canyon, May to September; near Stockton, May 31, 1917;
Wawona, June 17, 1916; Yosemite, June 16, 1916.

256. Deltocephalus punctatus O. & B. Common everywhere
from the coast up to 8000 feet in the Sierra.

257. Deltocephalus vanduzei G. & B. Crystal Springs, San
Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; Santa Cruz Co., June 9, 1917;
Monterey Co., June 11, 1917; Portola Valley, San Mateo Co.,
May 4, 1917; Muir Woods, July 15, 1917; Niles Canyon,
May, 1916; Dublin Canyon, May 6, 1917; Redwood Canyon,
July 2, 1916; Yosemite, June, 1916; Tallac, August 22, 1916;
Tahoe City, August 23, 1916; Donner Lake, August 24,
1916; Soda Springs, Placer Co., August 23, 1916; Portland,
Oreg., July 3, 1917; Ashland, Oreg., July 10, 1917.

258. Doratura minuta (Van D.) San Mateo Co., June 17,
1917; Monterey Co., June 11, 1917; Marin Co., July 15,
1917. Common on a fine grass growing everywhere along
the coast just above high tide.

259. Euscelis exitiosus (Uhl.) Niles Canyon, July, 1917;
San Joaquin Co., May 25, 1917; Clear Lake, Lake Co., Au-
gust 2, 1916; Placer Co., August 20, 1916; Tahoe City, Au-
gust 23, 1916; Tallac, August 22, 1916; Donner Lake, Au-
gust 24, 1916.

260. Euscelis striolus (Fall.) Near Stockton, May 31,
1917 ; Seattle; Oreg., July 7, 1917.

261. Eutettix subaenea Van D. Sonoma Valley near
Cloverdale, August 3, 1916; Niles Canyon, July 24, 1916.

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 297

262. Eutettix querci G. & B. Sonoma Valley near Clover-
dale, August 3, 1916.

263. Phlepsius ovatus Van D. Los Altos, July 26, 1916;
Monterey Co., June 15, 1917.

264. Phlepsius irroratus (Say). Seattle, Wash., July 7,
1917.

265. Phlepsius apertus Van D. Portola Valley, San Mateo
Co., May 4. 1917; Los Altos, July 26, 1916; Santa Clara Co.,
500 feet, June 9, 1917; Muir Woods, July 19, 1917; near
Stockton, May 25, 1917; Contra Costa Co., June 14, 1917;
Wawona, June 17, 1916. This species seems to be common
and widely distributed through central western California.
The material in hand differs in no respect from that taken in
New York and Ontario.

266. Phlepsius occidentalis Bak. Near Cloverdale, Sonoma
Co., August 3, 1916.

267. Acinopterus acuminatus Van D. Niles Canyon, June
13, 1917; September 2, 1916; near Clear Lake, Lake Co.,
August 2, 1916.

268. Thamnotettix geminata Van D. San Francisco, April
18, 1917; Portola Valley, San Mateo Co., May 4, 1917;
Santa Cruz Co., June 7, 10, 1917; Dublin Canyon, May 6.
1917; Niles Canyon, May, 1916; July, 1916; June 13, 1917;
Yosemite, June 16, 1916; Tahoe City, August 23, 1916.

269. Thanmotettix kirkaldyi Ball. Redwood Canyon, July
Zor:

270. Thamnotettix heidemanni Ball. San Mateo Co., June
17, 1917; Monterey Co., June 16, 1917; Niles Canyon, May,
1916; Redwood Canyon, July 2, 1916.

271. Thamnotettix mendicus Ball. Crystal Springs, San
Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; Muir Woods, July 15. 1917; Con-
tra Costa Co., 600 feet, June 9, 1917; near Stockton, May 30,
1917. This species seems to be abundant everywhere in Cali-
fornia on the nettle.

272. Thamnotettix mtricatus Ball. San Francisco, July 18,
1916; Muir Woods, July 15, 1917; Redwood Canyon, August
6, 1916.

273. Thamnotettix rupinatus Ball. San Francisco, August,
1916; Muir Woods, July 15, 1917; Redwood Canyon, August
6, 1916. This species is doubtfully distinct from intricatus.

298 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

274. Thamnotettix montanus Van D. Santa Cruz Co.,
June 9, 1917; Contra Costa Co., June 14, 1917; Portland,
Oreg., July 3, 1917; Seattle, Wash., July 7, 1917.

275. Thamnotettix montanus reductus, new variety

This form seems to be purely a color variety in which the
yellow saddle is reduced to a small mark on the apex of the
claval nervures, often on the outer nervure only, or in a few
dark males it may be entirely wanting. The brown band on
the base of the vertex is also reduced, sometimes to a mere
shade, but there may be a dark line next the eye and a gem-
inate spot on the basal middle. Both forms are found to-
gether throughout their range, but the present form is much
more abundant toward the south, while those from Oregon
and Washington are almost entirely typical montanus.

Holotype (No. 366), male, from Santa Cruz Co., in collec-
tion of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from Santa Cruz Co., in collection of Mr.
Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

276. Thamnotettix aureolus Van D. Santa Clara Co., June
9, 1917; Muir Woods, July 15, 1917; Dublin Canyon, May
6, 1917; Wawona, June 17, 1916; Fallen Leaf Lake, August
21, 1916; Tallac, August 22, 1916; Tahoe City, August 23,
1916; Donner Lake, August 24, 1916; Summit, Placer Co.,
August 24, 1916; Soda Springs, Placer Co., August 24,
1916. In this species, as I have here identified it, the vertex
is decidedly, almost acutely, angled; the color is smoky brown
with the vertex and scutellum often paler or almost yellow,
and the apex of the two claval nervures are pale. The elytra
become smoky-hyaline toward the costa and the lower surface
is paler, becoming pale yellow in some individuals from near
the coast. The last ventral segment of the female is excavated
for about half its width with a ligulate median tooth which
attains the line of the lateral angles. My original description
must have been drawn up from an immature example, as
some immature specimens before me agree exactly with it.
This species may best be distinguished from flavocapitatus by
its longer and more acute vertex.

Vor. VIT) GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 299

277. Thamnotettix flavocapitatus Van D. San Francisco,
July 13, 1917; Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., June 25,
1916; Muir Woods, July 15, 1917; Niles Canyon, May 23,
1916; Wawona, June 17, 1916; Fallen Leaf Lake, August
ZU ONG:

278. Thamnotettix commissus, new species

Related to flavocapitatus and geminatus. Aspect of the former, the
elytra subhyaline becoming fuscous at apex. Length 5-6 mm.

Vertex acutely right-angled, nearly two times as long on the middle
as next the eye. Front long and narrow, sides gradually approaching, a
little more abruptly near the apex; clypeus a little widened to the rounded
apex. Pronotum one-fourth longer than the vertex. FElytra as in gemi-
nata, the costa gently curved.

Color yellow. Vertex and front tinged with fulvous, the base of the
former pale; frontal arcs faint, brown. Pronotum tinged with green.
Elytra hyaline, a little obscured at apex, the nervures strong, greenish
yellow, becoming fuscous about the apical areoles. Abdomen and breast
black with the margins of the segments yellow. Legs whitish, the spines
of the hind tibiz set in black dots; genital pieces white.

Last ventral segment of the female deeply broadly excavated with a
ligulate median tooth nearly equalling the lateral angles. Valve of the
male short, rounded; plates small, long-triangular, subacute at apex, the
sides fringed with long white hairs; pygofers not exceeding the plates.

Described from one pair taken by Mr. Giffard on Mt.
Tamalpais in August, 1916, and one female taken by me at
Hoberg’s Resort, Lake Co., August 2, 1916. Distinguished
among our green species by the hyaline elytra with the yellow
veins becoming fuscous at apex.

Holotype (No. 367), female, from Lake Co., in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, male, from Mt. Tamalpais, in collection of the
California Academy of Sciences.

Paratype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

279. Thamnotettix januatus Ball. San Francisco, June 25,
1916.

280. Thamnotettix atridorsum Van. D. Santa Clara Co.,
June 10, 1917; Niles Canyon, May, 1916; Redwood Canyon,
July 2, 1916; August 6, 1916.

281. Thamnotettix titusi Ball. Crystal Springs, June 25,
1916; Santa Cruz Co., June 7, 1917; Monterey Co., June 11,
1917; Muir Woods, July 16, 1917; Niles Canyon, May, 1916;
Redwood Canyon, July 2, 1916; Hoberg’s Resort, Lake Co.,
August 2, 1916. Common everywhere on sage brush.

'

300 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4rH Ser.

282. Thamnotettix vespertinus Ball. Niles Canyon, May,
1916.

283. Thamnotettiv visalia Ball. San Francisco, July 18,
1916; Santa Cruz Co., 1200 feet, June 8, 1917; Muir Woods,
July 15, 1917; Niles Canyon, May, 1916; June 13, 1917;
July 6, 1916; Redwood Canyon, July 2, 1916; near Stockton,
May 30, 1916.

284. Thamnotettix vapidus Ball. Near Lakeport, Lake
Co., 2500 feet, August 2, 1916; Placer Co., August 22, 1916;
Fallen Leaf Lake, August 21, 1917.

285. Thamnotettix dissimilata Ball. Placer Co., 3900 feet,
August 20, 1916.

286. Thamnotettix helvinus, new species

Size and aspect of gemellus, but without the fuscous shade on the
elytra; female segment abruptly produced and black at apex. Length
4% mm.

Vertex longer and more angled than in gemellus; obtusely right-
angled at apex; one-third longer on the middle than next the eye; disk
a little depressed, the anterior edge a little rounded. Front broad, and
strongly convex. Clypeus narrowing to the apex with the sides regularly
but feebly arcuated. Pronotum a little shorter than the vertex. Elytra
long and narow as in gemellus.

Color light yellow with the disk of the pronotum and elytra green;
front smoky fulvous with the arcs pale, sometimes nearly obsolete, this
smoky color forming a sinuated line on the anterior submargin of the
vertex, thus indicating the reflected base of the front; eyes, ocelli, incised
median line of the vertex and the facial sutures slenderly black. Scutellum
sometimes tinged with green. Elytra green on their common disk, becom-
ing hyaline toward the costa and apex, with pale yellow nervures, the ex-
freme tip slightly infuscated. Tergum, its apex and margins excepted,
the oviduct and apical tooth of the last ventral segment of the female
and the tarsal claws black; spines of the hind tibie set on minute black
points.

Last ventral segment of the female strongly and abruptly produced in
a convex black tooth over the base of the oviduct; lateral angles pointed
but not attaining the line of the median tooth. Valve of the male short
and truncate; plates long-triangular, subacute, the submarginal groove
distinct but scarcely discolored, their margins apparently unarmed; py-
gofers not surpassing the plates, with a corona of stout white bristles at
apex.

Described from two male and ten female examples taken
as follows: Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., June 25, 1916;
Santa Cruz Co., 1500 feet, June 8, 1917; San Mateo Co.,
June 17, 1917; Portola Valley, San Mateo Co., May 4, 1917;
Seattle, Wash., July 7, 1917, taken by Mr. Giffard, and Cor-
vallis, Oreg., May 26, and June 29, 1896, by Mr. Thayer.
This small slender green species may be distinguished by the

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 301

produced black-tipped last ventral segment of the female and
the narrow plates of the male.

Holotype (No. 368), female, from Crystal Springs in the
collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, male, from San Mateo Co., in collection of the
California Academy of Sciences.

Paratypes in collection of Mr. Giffard and in that of the
author.

287. Thamnotettix gerulus Ball. Near Cloverdale, So-
noma Co., August 3, 1916.

288. Thamnotettix bullatus Ball. Niles Canyon, May 23,
LOU Sunes 13s 197:

289. Thamnotettix longiseta Van D. Crystal Springs, San
Mateo Co., Niles Canyon. May 31, 1917; Santa Cruz Co.,
500 feet, June 9, 1917; Tahoe City, August 23, 1916; Don-
ner Lake, August 24, 1916; Portland, Oreg., July 3, 1917.
Some of the specimens I have placed under this name want
the outer pair of black points on the anterior margin of the
head and in other individuals those behind the ocelli are
wanting.

290. Thamnotettix umbraticus Ball. San Mateo Co., June
7, 1917 ;~ Santa, Cruz. Coy June 16) 1917.

291. Chlorotettix unicolor (Fh.) Tallac, August 22, 1916.

292. Neocoelidia lineata Bak. Fallen Leaf Lake, August
21, 1916; Placer Co., August 20, 1916; Donner Lake, Au-
gust 24, 1916.

293. Neocoelidia obscura Bak. Los Altos, July 26, 1916;
Mt. Tamalpais, August 16, 1916; near Middleton, Lake Co.,
August 2, 1916.

294. Cicadula sexnotata (Fall.) San Francisco, May,
1916; July 2, 1916; Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., June
25, 1916; Los Altos, July 26, 1916; Santa Cruz Co., 1200
feet, June 9, 1917; Niles Canyon, July 24, 1916; May,
1916; September 2, 1916; Fallen Leaf Lake, August 21,
1916; Tahoe City, August 22, 1916; Tallac, August 22,
1916; Soda Springs, Placer Co., August 24, 1916; Port-
land, Creg., July 3, 1917; Ashland, Oreg., July 10, 1917;
Seattle,, Wash., July 7, 1917.

302 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

295. Cicadula lacta (Uhl.) Fallen Leaf Lake, August
21s 1916:

296. Balclutha impicta (Van D.) Marin Co., July 15,
1917; Santa Cruz Co., June 9, 1917; Niles Canyon, May,
1916; July 24, 1916; Wawona, June 17, 1916; Yosemite,
June 16, 1916; Portland, Oreg., July 3, 1917; Seattle,
Wash., July 7, 1917.

297.. Eugnathodus abdominalis (Van D.) San Mateo Co.,
June 17, 1917; Portola Valley, San Mateo Co., May 5, 1917;
Niles Canyon, July 24, 1916; near Stockton, May 31, 1916;
Hoberg’s Resort, Lake Co., August 1, 1916; Placer Co.,
August 23, 1916; Tahoe City, August 23, 1916; Donner
Lake, August 24, 1916.

298. Alebra albostriella (Fall.) Yosemite, June, 1916.

299. Dicraneura carncola (Stal). Santa Cruz Co., June
9, 1917; Marin Co., July 15, 1917; Portola Valley, San
Mateo Co., May 4, 1917; Wawona, June 17, 1916; Yose-
mite, June 16, 1916; Placer Co., August 22, 1916; Fallen
Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916; Soda Springs, Placer Co., Au-
gust 24, 1916; Portland, Oreg., July 3, 1917.

300. Empoasca smaragdula (Fall.) San Francisco, Au-
gust, 1916; Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., June 25, 1916;
Niles Canyon, May, 1916.

301. Empoasca aureoviridis (Uhl.) Fallen Leaf Lake,
August 21, 1916.

302. Empoasca sublactea, new species

Allied to aureoviridis and smaragdula; smoky greenish; pronotum
and usually the vertex with three whitish marks; elytra milky-hyaline, with
the sutural and commissural nervures slenderly fuscous. Length 5 mm.

Vertex short, regularly rounded, of equal length across its whole width.
Face as in smaradula; sides of the front nearly rectilinear; clypeus regu-
larly narrowed to an elliptical apex. Pronotum as in the allied species,
the humeral angles broadly lobate as in smaragdula, the arcuation across
the base of the scutellum being nearly rectilinear.

Last ventral segment of the female longer than in aureoviridis. when
viewed from the side abruptly notched for about half its width. Last ven-
tral segment of the male shorter than in the female, but little produced,
the sides very feebly notched; plates when viewed from below obtusely
triangular; their long, twisted, upturned apices, when viewed from the
side, much broader and more truncate at apex and clothed with longer
bristles than in smaragdula; hind margin of the pygofer viewed from the
side, vertical, very slightly arcuated, the dorsal angle forming a distinct
blunt tooth. In smaragdula this twisted apex of the plates is narrower and
elliptical at apex, and the hind margins of the pygofer is strongly arcu-
ated, with the dorsal angle scarcely produced.

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 303

Color of body yellowish to dark greenish in places in the female; the
apex of the tibia and the tarsi often of a bluish green. [In strongly col-
ored examples the front shows a broad whitish median longitudinal vitta
and base, and on the vertex a whitish band next the eyes, a narrower
longitudinal one on the middle and an oblique transverse one either side
at apex. Pronotum with three white spots on the anterior margin, the
median often continued as a fainter median vitta to the apex of the scu-
tellum. Elytra uniformly milky-hyaline, scarcely tinged with dull green in
the female, not at all in the male, the commissural and sutural nervures of
the clavus slenderly fuscous. Apex of the elytra with a smoky cloud in the
female which may cover much of the surface in the male. Wings milky-
hyaline with fuscous nervures. Abdomen blackish in the male, narrowly
margined with yellow, dull green in the female.

Described from six male and seventeen female examples
taken by Mr. Giffard at Summit, Placer Co., August 24, 1916,
at 7000 feet elevation. Immature examples of smaragdula
show indications of the white marks on the head and pro-
notum and they sometimes are absent in the females of this
species, but the elytral characters are constant in sublactea
and the male genital characters are obviously distinct. That
this type material is mature is evident by the presence of the
pruinose spots on the elytral costa in some males.

Holotype (No. 369), male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

303. Empoasca transversa, new species

Aspect of a small dark aureoviridis; dark greenish, elytra bifasciate
with dusky. Length 4% -5 mm.

Head with the eyes distinctly broader than the pronotum. Vertex
shorter and broader than in trifasciata. Hind margin of the pronotum
moderately concave, nearly truncate in ¢rifasciata. Last ventral segment
of the female considerably produced, the sides moderately sinuated, much
as in aurcoviridis; in trifasciata shorter with the sides scarcely sinuated.
Twisted apex of the male plates very broad, membranous, almost spatulate.
Pygofers distorted in the specimen before me, but apparently produced
as in aureoviridis.

Color dark dull green, becoming blue green on the legs, apex of the
abdomen and extreme base of the costa. Face and vertex marked with
white as in sublactea and aureoviridis. Anterior margin of the pronotum
with three white spots, usually distinct, the intermediate produced in a
median pale line which may cross the scutellum. Elytra with a faint
transverse fuscous band crossing the middle of the clavus and another on
the apical areoles, neither attaining the costa, the apical beginning at the
tip of the clavus and interrupted by the pale nervures. Tergum inclined
to golden green.

Described from one male taken by Dr. J. C. Bradley at
Leona Heights, Alameda Co., in August, 1908, and six fe-

304 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

males taken by Mr. Giffard at Tahoe City, Placer Co., Au-
gust 23, 1916. This may prove to be a maculated variety
of aureoviridis but that seems very unlikely. Empoasca tri-
fasciata is a little smaller with a more prominent head. It
is yellow rather than green, and has three well-defined trans-
verse fuscous bands, the first of which, covering the poste-
rior portion of the pronotum, is not indicated in this new
species, and the apical is shorter, beginning very little before
the transverse nervures and has all the contained nervures
concolorous, whereas in transversa they are pale within this
posterior band.

Holotype (No. 370), female, from Tahoe, in collection of
the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, male, from Leona Heights, in collection of the
author.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of Mr. Giffard.

304. Empoasca unicolor Gill. Hamilton Station, Tuol-
umne Co., June, 1916.

305. Empoasca obtusa Walsh. San Francisco, July 18,
1916; Los Altos, July 26, 1916; Portola Valley, San Mateo
Co., May 4, 1917; Niles Canyon, May, 1916, July 24, 1916;
Placer Co., August 22, 1916; Summit, Placer Co., August
24, 1916.

306. Empoasca unica (Prov.) Laurel Dell, Lake Co., Au-
gust 2, 1916; Tahoe City, August 23, 1916.

307. Empoasca snowi Gill. Los Altos, July 26, 1916;
Wawona, June 17, 1916.

308. Empoasca aspersa G. & B. Monterey Co., June 10,
L917:

309. Empoasca alboscripta Van D. San Francisco, July
18, 1916; Los Altos, July 26, 1916; Portola Valley, San
Mateo Co., May 4, 1917; Muir Woods, July 15, 1917;
Niles Canyon, May, 1916; July 14, 1916; Redwood Can-
yon, August 6, 1916; San Joaquin Co., May 25, 1916;
Placer Co., August 22, 1916.

310. Empoasca ruficeps, new species

Small; yellowish green, mottled with brown; pronotum and scutellum
marked with sanguineous-brown, each with three white points. Length
3% mm.

Vor. VII) GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 305

Head large, distinctly broader than the pronotum, strongly produced.
Vertex convex, forming a right angle at apex, its median length equal to
its basal width; front prominent, convex, sides nearly parallel below the
base of the antenne. Elytra with five apical areoles, the second triangular
and pedunculate. Last ventral segment of the female rather strongly pro-
duced with its apical margin entire. Male plates triangular, the sides
nearly rectilinear to the subacute tips.

Color yellowish-green, the tibia becoming blue at apex. Vertex some-
times tinged with orange, with a paler spot on either side, often with a
darker mark either side of a pale median line; base of front marked with
a pale dot at apex placed in a square of four similar dots and usually
there are two others on either side; apex with a pale median vitta; cheeks
with about three elongated pale marks. Pronotum and scutellum san-
guineous-brown, the former with three conspicuous whitish spots on the
anterior margin, the latter with a darker spot at each angle and a median
transverse row of three pale points just below the incised line. Elytra
subhyaline, irregularly mottled with yellowish, the tip of the clavus with
a conspicuous rufous-brown spot; apex, from a little before the transverse
nervures, deeply infuscated, with strong pale nervures. Abdomen often
pale yellow at base and green at apex.

Described from thirty specimens taken by Mr. Giffard at
Los Altos, July 26, 1916, on pitcher-sage (Sphacele colycina),
and at Westpoint on Mt. Tamalpais, 1300 feet elevation, Au-
gust 16, 1916.

Holotype (No. 371), female, from Los Altos, in collection
of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, male, from Los Altos, in collection of Mr. Gif-
fard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

311. Empoasca mali (LeB.) Niles Canyon, September 2,
1916; Laurel Dell, Lake Co., August 3, 1916.

312. Empoasca viridescens Walsh. Los Altos, July 26,
1916; Santa Cruz Co., 1200 feet, June 8, 1917; Monterey
Co., June 10, 1917; Muir Woods, August 16, 1916; Niles
Canyon, May, 1916; June 13, 1917; July 24, 1916; Walnut
Creek, August 10, 1916; near Stockton, May 30, 1917; Wa-
wona, June 17, 1916; Fallen Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916;
Ashland, Oreg., July 10, 1917.

313. Empoasca birdii Godg. San Mateo Co., 300 feet,
June 25, 1917.

314. Typhlocyba collina Flor. Muir Woods, July 15,
1917; Niles Canyon, June 13, 1917; Walnut Creek, May
13, 1917.

315. Empoa commissuralis (Stal). Tahoe City, August
ZS) OG:

306 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser.

316. Empoa rosae (Linn.) San Francisco, May, 1916.

317. Erythroneura comes vitifex Fh. Crystal Springs,
San Mateo Co., June 25, 1916; San Mateo Co., June 20,
1917.

318. Erythroneura comes coloradensis Gill. Niles Canyon,
May, 1916.

319. Erythroneura dentata Gill. Los Altos, July 26, 1916;
near Cloverdale, Sonoma Co., August 3, 1916.

320. Scolops abnornus Ball. Sausalito, July 15, 1917;
Niles Canyon, June 13, 1917; near Lakeport, Lake Co., 2500
feet, August 2, 1916; Placer Co., August 20, 1916.

321. Scolops piceus Van D. Laurel Dell, Lake Co., Au-
gust 2, 1916.

322. Catonia memoralis Van D. Fallen Leaf Lake, Au-
gust 21, 1916; Wawona, June 17, 1916.

323. Catonia clara, new species

Allied to fusca and irrorata, but easily distinguished by the single black
band on the front; fuscous, elytra dotted with white, the carine of the
vertex and notum pale, bordered with fuscous. Length 414 -5 mm.

Vertex distinctly transverse, a little longer than in irrorata but shorter
than in fusca; carine distinct; front convex as in fusca. Pronotum short
and deeply emarginate as in the allied species. Elytral neuration similar
to that of fusca, the outer sector forked distinctly in advance of the inner.

Color pale testaceous, the elytra fuscous with pale nervures, the are-
oles marked by a row of short white transverse veinlets along the lon-
gitudinal nurvures excepting the costal, becoming fewer on the membrane;
the costal areole paler with three or four transverse fuscous clouds;
carine of the vertex, pro- and mesonotum pale, bordered with fuscous
lines; sides of the pronotum with about three fuscous areoles behind the
eyes. Front pallid, tinged with yellow on its base, marked with a piceous
band at apex and a row of about six fuscous points next each lateral
carina. Clypeus tinged with yellow and faintly embrowned at apex. Pec-
tus and legs testaceous, faintly clouded with fuscous. Abdomen fuscous,
becoming almost black in the male.

Described from twenty examples taken by Mr. Giffard on
Baccharis at Los Altos, Santa Clara Co., July 26, 1916.

Holotype (No. 372), male. in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

-Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

324. Catonia rubella Van D. Placer Co., August 20, 1916.

325. Catonia albicosta, new species

Allied to costata and succinea and intermediate between these species
but with the broad front of the former; fulvo-ferruginous, costal area
clear white as far as the stigma. Length 5% mm.

Vor. VITJ GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 307

Vertex distinctly transverse, proportionately shorter than in costata;
carine sharp, forming a somewhat acute angle before. Front broad, con-
vex in both diameters, scarcely wider below; the median carina slender
but evident. Clypeus convex, its median carina nearly obsolete except
at base, the lateral broad, horizontal. Pronotum about two-thirds the
length of the vertex, deeply angularly emarginate behind as in costata.
Mesonotum as in the allied forms, the lateral carine approaching but lit-
tle anteriorly. Elytra intermediate in length between the two species men-
tioned, the transverse costal nervures obscure beyond the stigma.

Color fulvous-brown, polished, darker than in succinea; head, pro-
notum, patagiz and legs paler fulvo-testaceous; clypeus, pleural pieces and
legs pale fulvous; costal areole of the elytra white as far as the stigma;
nervures concolorous; abdomen darker; apical teeth of the hind tibie
and tarsi blackish as in succinea.

Described from twelve examples representing both sexes,
taken on manzanita at Fallen Leaf Lake by Mr. Giffard on
August 21, 1916. This interesting addition to our fulgorid
fauna most closely resembles succinea but its shorter vertex,
smaller size, darker color and especially the white costa will
distinguish it.

Holotype (No. 373), male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

326. Catonia succinea Van D. Fallen Leaf Lake, August
21, 1916. This species seems to be most abundant in July.

327. Oliarus hesperius, new species

Very near aridus Ball but differing markedly in the male genitalia;
black with pale carine; disk of the mesonotum castaneous; front black
with pale carine and a conspicuous white spot at apex of the frontal com-
partments either side of the base of the clypeus. Length 6-8 mm.

Vertex nearly square, its length and breadth subequal, its transverse
carina obtusely angled or almost rounded, leaving a rather broad apical
compartment; front much expanded, its lateral angles rounded. Prono-
tum deeply, angularly emarginate; intermediate mesonotal carine abbre-
viated before and behind. Elytral nervures strongly granulate and seti-
gerous, the outer sector forked a little behind the inner.

Male pygofers shorter than in aridus, the ventral notch wide with its
sides diverging more than in that species, the lateral margins rounded
behind and wanting the large notch at the dorsal angle found in ar idus ;
dorsal surface not longer than the stiles, roundingly narrowed to the
anal tube; stiles narrow, parallel, contiguous, subterete, their sagitate
apical expansions cut out so as to leave the lateral extensions similar to
the apical; in aridus this sagitate apex is broad-triangular with its apical
margin scarcely if at all excavated, the apex of the stiles being much sur-
passed by the elliptically produced dorsal surface.

Color black or nearly so with the disk of the mesonotum castaneous
between the lateral carine; carine of the head and pronotum slenderly

308 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41H Ser.

lined with pale; front and clypeus deep black, the former polished, the
latter sometimes paler, the lateral white spots very distinct, oval, smaller
and better defined than in aridus. Elytra whitish-hyaline; nervures white,
becoming fuscous at apex, strongly dotted; the stigma large, fuscous, with
its base white; female with fuscous spots at the forks of the sectors and
on the transverse nervures.

Described from a long series representing both sexes, taken
about the bay district, the following localities being repre-
sented in Mr. Giffard’s material: Los Altos, July 26, 1916;
Redwood Canyon, July 2, 1916; Walnut Creek, August 10,
1916; and near Cloverdale, Sonoma Co., August 3, 1916.
I have taken this species at San Francisco and Berkeley.
This seems to be the most abundant species in the central
coast region of California, while farther south it is replaced
by californicus, which is equally abundant in San Diego Co.
This is the species I had formerly determined as franciscanus,
but a careful study convinces me that Stal’s species must be
the complectus of Ball.

Holotype (No. 374), male, from Los Altos, in collection of
the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from Los Altos, in collection of Mr.
Giffard.
Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

328. Oliarus exoptatus, new species

Allied to californicus but with a broader vertex and heavier elytral
venation; may be distinguished from aridus and hesperius by the absence
of white spots at apex of the front. Length 5144-7 mm.

Vertex nearly square, a little broader than in hesperius; the anterior
carina quite regularly arcuated. Front broad, intermediate in form between
californicus and hesperius. Pronotum about as in hesperius, longer than
in californicus; intermediate carine of the mesonotum strongly convergent
and not abbreviated anteriorly. Elytral nervures heavy and maculated.
Ventral notch of the male pygofers broad and shallow, its margins strongly
oblique; sides of the pygofers short and broadly rounded, not surpassing
the middle of the stiles; dorsal surface strongly produced either side of
the anal tube and somewhat depressed at the apex of the lobes, considera-
bly surpassing the stiles. Stiles slender, subterete, lyrate, diverging and
again approaching at apex, their outer angles strongly produced in a long
appendage which is curved upward and backward almost to the margin of
the pygofer.

Color deep black, the slender margins of the head and pronotum pale,
those of the mesonotum concolorous or nearly so. Elytra whitish-hyaline,
the nervures heavy, whitish but thickly and strongly granulate, giving
them a blackish aspect; transverse veinlets carrying a fuscous line, the
middle of the corium with an obsolete fuscous band; stigma large but
broken by a white band; knees, tibie and tarsi testaceous-brown.

Vor. VIT] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 309

Described from one male taken by Mr. Giffard at Fallen
Leaf Lake, August 21, 1916, on manzanita, and a female
taken in Placer Co., August 20, 1916. This species is quite
distinct from any yet described, but finds its nearest ally in
californicus.

Holotype (No. 375), male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

329. Oliarus franciscanus Stal. (complectus Ball.) San
Joaquin Co., near Stockton, May 31, 1917.

330. Cixius basalis Van D. Niles Canyon, May, 1916;
Dublin Canyon, May 6, 1916; near Stockton, May 30, 1916;
Portland, Oreg., July 3, 1917.

331. Civius cultus Ball. San Francisco, July 13, 1917;
San Mateo Co., June 17, 1917; Portola Valley, San Mateo
Co., May 4, 1917; Santa Clara Co., June 11, 1917; Santa
Cruz Co., June 7, 1917; Muir Woods, July 15, 1917; Niles
Canyon, May 23, 1917; Redwood Canyon, July 2, 1916;
near Stockton, May 25, 1917; borders of Clear Lake, Lake
Co., August 2, 1916.

332. Oeclidius nanus Van D. Redwood Canyon, July 2,
1916.

333. Oecleus venosus Van D. Niles Canyon, July 24,
1916; near Stockton, May 30, 1917; near Lakeport, Lake
Co., 2500 feet, August 2, 1916. This is a very common in-
sect all over California. It varies much in size and color
as well as in the darkening of the elytral nervures as does
the eastern borealis; the genital characters are, however, suf-
ficiently distinct.

334. Bruchomorpha suturalis Melich. Redwood Canyon,
July 2, 1916. This is the first west coast record for this
species.

335. Aphelonema giffardi, new species

Closely allied to histrionica; costal area of the elytra black; front en-
tirely pale. Length 3-4 mm.

Vertex as long as in histrionica, equalling the pronotum; the anterior
margin more arcuated in the male. Elytra broader, the costal margin
being more rounded. Last ventral segment of the female more narrowly
and strongly produced, in histrionica entire with its apex minutely notched.
Third ventral segment of the male much less deeply emarginate; inner
margin of the male plates subangularly lobed, approximate at the middle

310 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

only; in histrionica obtusely rounded, with their inner margins nearly
parallel or at most a little divergent dorsally.

Color about as in histrionica; black varied with testaceous-white, but
faintly tinged with yellow in places. Vertex, pro- and mesonotum with
a broad white median vitta bordered either side by a heavy black line;
Jateral areas dusky with pale pustules and carine; discal area of the front
entirely white, including the carine; lateral areas of the front black with
a concentric row of about eight white pustules and a shorter row of four
next the eye; clypeus black. Elytra reaching to near the apex of the
third dorsal segment in the male, to apex of second in the female; whitish
subhyaline, slightly infuscated on the broad clavus, the nervures inconspicu-
ous; broad costal area black, bordered within by a clearer whitish ray.
Abdomen black; tergum with three approximate broad white longitudinal
vitte, the median bisected by a slender longitudinal carinate black line;
sides exteriorly with two longitudinal rows of pale pustules placed on
broken pale spots. Pleural pieces above and coxal region more or less
whitish; apices of the femora, lines on the tibiz and basal three segments
of the tarsi pale.

Described from one female and two males, all brachypter-
ous, taken by Mr. Giffard near Stockton in the San Joaquin
Valley, May 25, 1917. It affords me pleasure to dedicate to
Mr. Giffard this interesting addition to the fulgorid fauna
of our state in recognition of the services he has rendered
entomology by careful and systematic collecting of the Hem-
iptera, both here and in the Hawaiian Islands.

Holotype (No. 376), male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratype, male, in collection of the author.

336. Dictyssa clathrata Melic. Placer Co., August 20,
1916, on manzanita.

337. Naethus maculatus Melich. Los Altos, July 26, 1916,
on Baccharis; Mt. Tamalpais, August 16, 1916; near Clover-
dale, Sonoma Co., August 3, 1916; Witter Springs ana
Blue Lakes, Lake Co., August 2, 1916.

338. Naethus maculatus fasciatus, new variety

Differs from the species by having the elytra marked by a continuous
broad brown band from the inner angle of the clavus to the apex of the
costal areole, and a still broader one at apex, omitting, however, the apical
row of small areoles and usually a number of the subapical. These bands
may vary in width so as to connect with the form described by Melichar
where they are broken into spots and at times become nearly or quite
obsolete.

Described from a long series taken near Lakeport, Lake
Co., by Mr. Giffard and myself, August 2, 1916.

2

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 311

Holotype (No. 377) male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

339. Nacthus fenestratus Melich. Los Altos, July 26,
1916; Mt. Tamalpais, August 16, 1916; Niles Canyon, July
14, 1916; near Lakeport, 2500 feet, August 2, 1916.

340. Danepteryx manca Uhl. San Francisco, June, 1916,
Redwood Canyon, July 2, 1916, August 6, 1916; Dublin
Canyon, May 6, 1917. Melichar has described one species
in this genus (Jurida), and Kirkaldy two (barbare and arte-
misi@), but I am unable to find any characters by which to
distinguish them. Mr. Giffard has very kindly brought me
a female specimen of barbare, labeled as such in Kirkaldy’s
own handwriting, and there is only the paler brown color to
distinguish it. Kirkaldy says “front wider’, but the wider
front is characteristic of the female manca; he states that
the base of the front is truncated but that character depends
upon the development of the individual and it is not truncate
in Kirkaldy’s specimen before me; the longer pronotum is
also a character of the female sex in this genus. The only
useful characters left for barbare are its paler color and
larger size and I am not sure but both may depend upon
maturity. Both forms are found together upon the same
bush throughout California as is also a blackish form with
pale elytra which seems to be conspecific. This is one of our
most abundant insects, being found everywhere upon sage-
brush. I have retained the four names in my catalogue until
someone has the time to make a careful microscopical study
of the male genitalia and other characters.

341. Pissonotus delicatus melanurus, new variety

Like the typical form in every respect except that the fulv-
ous portions are deepened to piceous in the female or black
in the male. The genital characters are obscure but do not
seem to differ in any respect from those of the species. This
is a pretty form of a piceous or deep black color with the
head, pronotum and broad apical margin of the elytra white;
the base of the tergum beneath the white margin of the elytra

312 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

is pale or fulvous. Mr. Giffard took a long series in San
Joaquin Co., near Tracy, the last of May, 1917, on Grindelia
camporum, About one-fourth of those taken were males.
Some of the females are as deeply colored as are the males,
but some are nearly as pale as some examples of delicatus
from Florida now in my collection. The darker males have
the femora mostly black and a black line on the base of the
tibiz above, the basal segment of the antennz is black and
the front is infuscated below.

Holotype (No. 378), male, from San Joaquin Co., in col-
lection of the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from San Joaquin Co., in collection of
Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

342. Pissonotus frontalis Crawf. Mr. Giffard has taken
a long series of this species, always on wormwood, Artemisia
heterophylla. Among this material the following localities
are represented: Santa Cruz Co., June 7, 1917; Niles Can-
yon, May, 1916 and 1917, June 13, 1917; near Stockton,
San Joaquin Co., May 30, 1917. Three of the males and
three of the females were macropterous. These are piceous-
black with the pronotal carinz a little whitish anteriorly, the
vertex cinerous with the two black punctures distinct and the
front mostly black, the base between the eyes being brownish
with the white marks nearly obliterated. The elytra are hya-
line as is usual in macropterous individuals in this genus with
the nervures pale brown and the basal margin of the clavus
infuscated. I took what seems to be the same species at
Alpine, Fosters, Lakeside and San Diego, all in San Diego
Co., during April and May, 1913.

343. Laccocera vittipennis Van D. Tallac, 6000 feet, Au-
gust 22, 1916, brachypterous. The male genital characters
in this species are subject to considerable variation in both
eastern and western material. The ventral process may be
very short or considerably produced and the stiles may be
nearly terete and broadly divergent or broader and sulcate
below and much less divergent. These differences occur in
material taken at the same place and time and evidently rep-
resent individual variation.

Vor. VITJ GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 313

344. Stobaera giffardi, new species

Smaller than tricarinata, most nearly related to bilobata and like that
species with a dark elytral stigma; face variegated; legs lineated and
banded; elytra maculated, the nervures strongly punctate and bearing stiff
bristles. Brachypterous form, length, male 2% mm., female 3% mm.

Vertex elongated as in bilobata but broader than in that species, the
three frontal carine very prominent at apex of head. Front parallel or
nearly so. Second segment of antenne about twice the length of the first;
scarcely narrowed at apex. Pronotum as long as the superior aspect of
the head, the lateral carine strongly angled behind the eyes, then parallel
to the hind margin; lateral carine of the mesonotum straight and more
oblique than in bilobata, Elytra scarcely exceeding the abdomen; outer
branch of the first sector forked a very little anterior to the forking of
the second sector; all the nervures strong and prominently punctate, the
bristles long and stiff. ‘Calcar rather narrow and lanceolate.

Color testaceous-grey or faintly tinged with brown in the female, darker
or almost castaneous in the male. Carine of the head, pronotum and
mesonotum pale, maculated with darker in the male, scarcely so in the
female. Face brown, paler in the female, in both sexes darker across the
apical half of the front; a narrow whitish band crosses the face at the
lower angle of the eye and a more slender one on the apex of the front,
the darker apical portion of the front with a pale crescent; lateral carine
with two white points between the eyes and on the median is another
placed between the lateral; apex of the clypeus marked with two brown
points. Antenne brown in the male, mostly pale in the female; sides of
the pronotum with a few pale points. Elytra cinerous with faint indica-
tions of the dark markings found in tricarinata; stigma small, squarish,
nearly black, followed by a transverse white vein. Tergum infuscated on
either side toward the base. Legs pale; cox, femora and tibie twice
banded with fuscous, the femora lineated- with pale brown. Metapleura
marked with a large round fuscous spot; the ventral segments dotted with
fuscous points on either side.

Apex of the male genital segment infuscated much obscuring the
genital characters; plates vertical, broad and appressed, their apex ob-
liquely truncated with the outer angle acute and almost spinose; the stiles
covered by the plates.

Described from numerous individuals of both sexes taken
by Mr. Giffard as follows: Portola Valley, San Mateo Co.,
May 4, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., June 7, 1917; Niles Canyon,
May, 1916, May 23, 1917; Yosemite, June, 1916. These
were all taken on wormwood.

This species corresponds in size with bilobata and minuta.
It agrees with bilobata in possessing a dark stigma and with
tricarinata and munuta in the banded legs. In some darkly
colored males the elytra are almost entirely fuscous as far as
the stigma with the costa pale and always the commissural
nervure is pale, interrupted with fuscous beyond the scutellum
and again at apex. The young are brown varied with whit-
ish with the head short, transverse and black above and the
antennz and base of the front are also black; in the later

314 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

moults the insect becomes more variegated and cinerous with
the vertex longer.

Holotype (No. 379), male, from Niles, in collection of the
California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, from Niles, in collection of Mr. Giffard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

345. Liburnia terminalis Van D. Mr. Giffard took a
long series of this species at Seattle, Wash., July 7, 1917,
that differ in no respect from the types in my collection but
show much variation in color. My material is from Jamaica
and Crawford reports it from Nicaragua, but it has not been
reported from intermediate points. It lives on marsh grass
along the shore of Puget Sound.

346. Liburnia lateralis Van D. Fallen Leaf Lake, August
21, 1916, one brachypterous example.

347. Liburnia pellucida (Fabr.) Portland, Oreg., on Ra-
nunculus, July 3, 1917.

348. Liburnia muiri, new species

Aspect of kilmani but more closely related to lateralis; yellowish-tes-
taceous; sides of the tergum partly black; vertex, pronotum and scutellum
with a dorsal white vitta; front broad as in detectu, the pale carine inter-
ruptedly margined with fuscous. Length to tip of abdomen 31% mm.

Vertex oblong, a little longer than broad, gently rounded before, pas-
sage to the front rounded, the carine distinct but not sharp over the apex;
basal areoles confused, the apical distinct but not attaining the tip of the
head as seen from above. Front about as broad as in detecta but very
differently shaped, but little narrowed between the eyes; the sides straight
and parallel or slightly approaching above. Pronotum as long as the
vertex in the macropterous form, a little shorter in the brachypterous;
lateral carine broadly divergent, their abbreviated apex curved outward
but not obviously continued around behind the eyes. Mesonotum distinctly
carinate. Macropterous elytra reaching for one-half their length beyond
the abdomen, the brachypterous elliptical at apex and attaining the middle
of the fifth tergal segment.

Apex of the male pygofer small and nearly round; dorsal notch broad
and shallow, the ventral margin entire, regularly arcuated. Stiles broad,
blunt but hardly truncated at apex, divergent, lying parallel with the
lateral wall of the pygofer, their inner margins fringed with short stiff
hairs; anal tube thickened below but without ventral process. Ovipositor
of the female much shorter than the pygofers.

Color dull yellowish-testaceous. Dorsal line white, generally broadened
on the thorax and more slender on the tergum where it may become
obsolete; front tinged with fulvous, the carine white, interruptedly bor-
dered with fuscous; clypeus black with thick white carine; disk of the
metapleura, some marks on the pro- and mesopleure, sides of the venter
and tergum black, the latter sometimes quite broadly black. Elytra faintly
fuliginous with concolorous nervures, the marginal white, the apical por-

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 315

tion of the others a little infuscated in the macropterous form. In the
male the abdomen is black excepting a median vitta above and below and
the base of the tergum which is dull fulvous. Genital segment of the
male with the margins of the pygofer above and the anal tube pale. Legs
concolorous or obscurely lineated, the tips of the spines and the tarsal
claws black.

Described from one male and four female examples taken
by Mr. Giffard at Portland, Oreg., on grasses, July 3, 1917.
One of the females is macropterous. This species has the
color, stout form and pale dorsal vitta of kilmani, but the
front and vertex are a little broader and the characters of
the male genitalia are entirely different. It gives me pleas-
ure to name this species for Mr. Frederick Muir of Honolulu,
who is giving this subfamily a much-needed and careful
revision.

Holotype (No. 380), male, in collection of the California
Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female, in collection of Mr. Giffard.
Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

349. Librunia semicinctus, new species

Closely allied to muiri but with very different male genitalia; pale
yellowish-testaceous with a blackish cloud on either side of the tergum
and some blackish marks beneath, more extended in the male; frontal
carine pale or concolorous, the frontal fove becoming darker apically next
the carine. Length 2-3% mm. to tip of the abdomen.

Vertex broad, nearly square, shorter than in muiri, the anterior margin
but feebly arcuated; median carina obtuse but moderately distinct over the
apex of the head. Front nearly as in muiri, the sides very slightly arcu-
ated in the female. Antenne as in the preceding, the first segment
scarcely longer than wide; the second attaining the base of the clypeus.
Pronotum as long as the vertex, the carine rather obscure, the lateral
obviously curved around behind the eyes. Brachypterous elytra reaching
on to the fifth tergal segment, the macropterous exceeding the abdomen
by one-third their length.

Genital segment of the male very short; aperture transverse, very wide
below, the ventral wall nearly straight across; dorsal sinus broad, reaching
to the preceding segment; ventral nearly as deep as broad, its fundus
rounded. Stiles narrow and long, broadly divergent, nearly parallel to
the lower margin of the pygofer, a little curved and acute at apex; ventral
wall of the anal tube with a slender median prolongation which is ex-
panded interiorly as a broad plate and abruptly incurved beyond, its apex
nearly attaining the base of the stiles. Oviduct of the female short, black,
not nearly reaching the apex of the pygofers.

Color dull yellowish-testaceous. Frontal fove with a black vitta be-
yond the middle next the lateral carine; this vitta may be interrupted
above and may be widened below next the apex. Lateral fove of the
clypeus usually black. Sides of the tergum with a more or less extended
blackish area; the pleural pieces and venter more or less maculated with

316 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

fuscous or black; the metapleura sometimes with a black spot. Legs,
antenne and rostrum pale, the femora sometimes faintly lineated, the
rostrum tipped with black. Apex of the tarsi black.

Described from four male and nine female brachypterous
examples taken by Mr. Giffard at Portland, Oreg., July 3,
1917, and Seattle, Wash., July 7, 1917. One macropterous
female taken at Portland is darker with the abdomen, pectus
and fove of the face mostly black and the elytra quite deeply
fuliginous. This species is very close to kilmani, but the
vertex is shorter with its carinz less acute, the front is dif-
ferently marked and the whole insect is paler in color. The
male genitalia are very similar in the two species, but in
semicinctus the aperture of the pygofers is more transverse,
the plates are not as straight across, are broader and less
acute at apex and are without the fring of hairs found in
kilmani and the anal process is more incurved at apex and
differently shaped. The female may be distinguished from
muiri by the shorter vertex, the more curved lateral pronotal
carinz, the different markings in the frontal fove and the
want of a regular fuscous line exterior to the lateral carinz
of the front.

Holotype (No. 381), male, from Portland, in collection of
the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype; female, from Portland, in collection of Mr. Gif-
fard.
Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

350. Liburnia consimilis Van TD. San Francisco, May,
1916; Portola Valley, San Mateo Co., May 4, 1917; near
Stockton, May 31, 1917; Blue Lakes, Lake Co., August 3,
1916; Yosemite, June 16, 1916; Tallac, August 22, 1916:
Soda Springs, Placer Co., August 24, 1916. This is the
most abundant and widely distributed delphacid in Califor-
nia. The males are ordinarily black with the pronotum more
or less invaded with white posteriorly. Some females are
almost as deeply colored as are the males, but generally they
are much paler and even become fulvous with the basal angles
of the pronotum black, when they much resemble campestris,
but they can always be distinguished from that species by
the narrower and longer vertex with more distinct carine

Vor. VII] GIFFARD—CALIFORNIA HEMIPTERA 317

and by the black line on the commissural margin at the apex
of the clavus.

351. Liburnia puella Van D. Muir Woods, July 15, 1917;
Soda Springs, Placer Co., August 24, 1916; Portland, Oreg.,
July 4, 1917; Seattle, Wash., July 8, 1917.

352. Liburnia campestris Van D. Niles Canyon, May 31,
1917, one male; near Stockton, May 30, 1917, one female,
both being macropterous.

353. Liburnia tuckeri Van D. Niles Canyon, September
3, 1916, one macropterous male: Monterey Co., June 11,
1917, six macropterous and nine brachypterous examples.

354. Liburnia fluvialis, new species

A large stout brown species closely resembling magnifrons; abdomen
and pleural pieces marked with black. Length 3% mm.

Head short, broad, nearly as wide as the pronotum, broadly rounded
before in both diameters, apex smooth with the carinz obsolete there.
Vertex one-half broader than long, the fove obscure. Front broad, a
little narrowed from ocelli to apex; carine distinct below. Pronotum
nearly as long as the head viewed from above, almost truncate between
the eyes, feebly excavated behind; carine obtuse, indistinct. Mesonotum
a little longer than the pronotum, carine normal but obtuse and indistinct.
Elytra almost attaining the apex of the second tergal segment, small,
truncated, the nervures distinct, concolorous. Abdomen broad, ovate, with
the median keel distinct. Hind tibia scarcely longer than its femora, the
calcar about one-half the length of the first tarsal segment, smooth, broad
at base, the sides straight, wanting the teeth usually found there.

Color dull testaceous-brown, almost uniform. Front with a row of
obscure darker blotches next the carine, sometimes wanting. Median line
of the tergum pale with a fuscous point on either side at each segment,
the posterior pair usually extended in a line; sides of the tergum broadly
black more or less interrupted by an irregular pale mark on each segment,
the submargins of the segments with a black line either side the disk;
edge of the connexivum pale. Beneath pale, the sides of the venter marked
with fuscous. Legs pale, faintly lined with brown. Antenne pale, cheeks
with a brown spot at base of the antenne. Anal tube black. Elytra nearly
hyaline with whitish nervures, the marginal heavy. Pro- and metapleura
with a row of fuscous spots. Male similar but with the dark markings
more pronounced.

Male genitalia much as in consimilis. Aperture of the pygofers broad
below but with the sides well rounded; ventral notch broad, moderately
deep, with its fundus rounded. Stiles broadly divergent, short and
straight. Apex of the anal tube forming a small lobe on either side below
the middle but scarcely produced ventrally.

Described from two males and five females taken by Mr.
Giffard near Stockton, May 30, 1917. This species is appar-
ently quite near magnifrons, but is very distinct in the male

genital characters.

318 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

Holotype (No. 382), macropterous male in collection of
the California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, brachypterous female, in collection of Mr. Gif-
fard.

Paratypes in both collections and in that of the author.

355. Liburnia occlusa Van D. Mr. Giffard took a long
series of this species on Juncus Iesurii at the following local-
ities: San Francisco, July 13, 1917; Santa Cruz Co., June
9, 1917; Monterey Co., June 11, 1917; near Stckton, May
30, 1917. Macropterous examples were taken only in the
San Joaquin Valley, but both there and in Santa Cruz Co.
two forms of brachypterous females were found. The dark
form described by me in 1897 and a pale form of an almost
uniform testaceous-yellow color. In a long series an almost
complete gradation is found connecting these two forms and
this will possibly be found to be the case in the eastern linea-
tipes as well.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FourtH SERIES

Vor. VII, Nos. 12 and 13, pp. 319-364, pls. 34-38 June 15, 1918

XII

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY
FOR THE YEAR 1917

BY

C. E. Grunsky
President of the Academy

During the year 1917 there has been an accession of 28 new
members, and the Academy lost by death 10, by resignation 13,
and by being dropped for arrearages in dues 28.

Early in the year came the last call to Mr. Theodore H.
Hittell, whose long and earnest work for the Academy, and
whose devotion to its interests, have been and are keenly ap-
preciated by all who have been in close touch with Academy
affairs. Later in the year Mr. Lyman Belding, well known for
his work in ornithology, passed away and also Mr. Edward
Bosqui—old and valued members—whose going depletes the
ranks of the older generation and reminds us of the increasing
responsibility that falls upon the younger generation and more
recent members to carry forward, in a manner worthy of the
established tradition, the work that has been so well begun by
those who brought the Academy into being and shaped its early
course. The full list of those called by death is as follows:

June 15, 1918

320 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.
Altmann, William ............ Member. =icc0<.cocs eee November 1, 1917
Belding; Wyman’. scmsese0c. Life Memberi.c.isccces November 22, 1917
Bosqui, Edward:.ocies sass sees Life Member............. December 8, 1917
Browh, Arthur’ oss ccecicae<as< Life Member................ March 7, 1917
@urry; David Av aes. 56. cess Members ccm coshssa aceanvorrs April 30, 1917
Hittell, Theodore H........... Life Member............ February 23, 1917
Matson, Williame.tscc05... 5... Members .4... 0.5.04 see ccs October 11, 1917
Scofield: DiGi in oe Aeiescncsa Members. 2 eae te oe July 30, 1917
McDonald, Mark L. .......... Life Member................ March 8, 1917
Von Hoffmann, Charles ...... Life: Member 3c. ..00%.000 02% May 14, 1917
Steinhart, Ignatz ............. Patronicens css esowet eee May 15, 1917

The Academy carries on its list of patrons the following
names:

Living
Bourn, William B. Grant, Joseph D.
Crocker, William H. Hosmer, Mrs. Charlotte
Dunne, Peter F. Macomber, A. Kingsley
Fleishhacker, Herbert Morrison, Alexander F.
Deceased
Alvord, William Lick, James
Crocker, Charles Steinhart, Ignatz

Hendrie, John W.

The present membership of the Academy is 460, made up of:

IPAGEONS| "yc. crawes ererern into o'm sas car eras ova eral geome 6
Flonorary Members ijc0.c..% dis coe cs cnamsencitesacck ween oeeen 29
Dife. Members- seen s. s.si.s sce.ecsareeumerereee casera taeeiare eters 79
Bel wsiccte seein cas 2s eon asses aie eee eee 4
Members! ce sh Seis. cis ois: cie's is yora's 6 owen ore ee ae eee 342

During the year 1917, 10 free lectures have been delivered at

the

stated meetings of the Academy, as follows:

January 17. “The structure and development of the molluscan shell.”

Dr. F. M. McFarland, Professor of Histology, Stan-
ford University.

Marcu 21. “The interdependence of field and laboratory investi-

gation in biology.” :
Dr. William E. Ritter, Director Scripps Institution
for Biological Research.

Apri 18. “The English Sparrow.”

Dr. J. Rollin Slonaker, Professor of Physiology, Stan-
ford University.

May 16. “History of the sloth group in America.”
Dr. Chester Stock.

June 20. “Bird migration in California.”
Dr. H. C. Bryant, California Fish and Game Commis-
sion.

Jury 18. “The Pyramid Lake and other bird rookeries.”

Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, Director of the Mu-
seum, California Academy of Sciences.

Vor. VII) GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT’S REPORT FOR 1917 321

SEPTEMBER 19. “Mechanism of the color changes in the Florida chame-
leon.”
Dr. Charles E. von Geldern.
Octoser 17. “Climatic and geographic conditions of California during
Tertiary time.”
Dr. B. L. Clark, Instructor, Department of Paleontol-
ogy, University of California.
Novemser 21. “The work of the Fish and Game Commission.”
J. S. Hunter, Assistant Executive Officer California
Fish and Game Commission.
Decemeber 19. “A collecting trip to Japan, China and Tibet.”
Edmund Heller, American Museum of Natural His-
tory.

Sunday afternoon lectures delivered in the Museum Building
during the year 1917.

January 14. “A total eclipse of the sun.”
Dr. R. G. Aitken, Astronomer, Lick Observatory.
January 21. “The edible crabs and fishing methods on the Pacific
Coast.”

Dr. Frank W. Weymouth, Assistant Professor of
Physiology, Stanford University.

January 28. “Alexander von Humboldt.”
Dr. James Perrin Smith, Professor of Paleontology,
Stanford University.

Fesruary 4. “Trees and shrubs of the Grand Cafion.”
Miss Alice Eastwood, Curator of Botany, California
Academy of Sciences.”

Fepsruary 11. “The Moon.” ,
Dr. R. G. Aitken, Astronomer, Lick Observatory.

Fepruary 18. “The cruise of the Schooner ‘Academy’ 1905-1906.”
Mr. J. S. Hunter, Assistant Executive Officer, Cali-
fornia Fish and Game Commission.

Fepruary 25. “Insect control as a part of national forest protection.”
Mr. Ralph Hopping, U. S. Forest Service.

Marcu 4. “Evolution of parental and social instincts.”
Dr. S. J. Holmes, Professor of Zoology, Univer-
sity of California.

Marcu 11. “The Nebule.”
Dr. H. D. Curtis, Astronomer, Lick Observatory.
Marcu 18. “Liquid Air.”
Dr. E. C. Franklin, Professor of Chemistry, Stanford
University.
Marcu 25. “Habits of solitary wasps.”

Dr. Isabel McCracken, Assistant Professor of Ento-
mology, Stanford University.

Apri 1. “Coffee and tea plantations in India and Ceylon.”

Dr. C. A. Kofoid, Professor of Zoology, University of

California. r
Apri 8. “How astronomical discoveries are made.”

Dr. H. D. Curtis, Astronomer, Lick Observatory.
Aprix 15. “Man and the weather.”

Prof. Earle G. Linsley Head of the Department of
Science, Mills College.

322 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [{Proc. 47H Sen,

Aprit 22. “Extinet life from Rancho la Brea.”

Dr. J. C. Merriam, Professor of Paleontology, Univer-
sity of California.

ApriL 29. “The under-sea world.”

Mr. Zarb T. Pritchard.

SEPTEMBER 23. “Social evolution and eugenic progress.”

Dr. S. J. Holmes, Professor of Zoology, University of
California.

SEPTEMBER 30. “A visit to Easter Island.”

Dr. C. A. Kofoid, Professor of Zoology, University of
California.

Octocer 7. “Birds of Pyramid Lake.”

Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, Director of the Mu-
seum, California Academy of Sciences.

Octoper 14. “Pleistocene caves of California.” ;
Dr. Chester Stock, Department of Paleontology, Uni-
versity of California.

Octoper 21. “Influence of climate and topography upon California's

development.”
Dr. H. W. Fairbanks, Supervisor of Geography, Berk-
eley Schools.

Ocroser 28. “Hawaii Nei.”

Mr. Henry H. Hart, Assistant City Attorney, San
Francisco.

NovemsBer 4. “The Chinese at home.”

Dr. Bailey Willis, Professor of Geology, Stantord
University.

Novemser ll. “Natural history and manipulation of bees.”

Dr. G. A. Louderback, Professor of Geology, Uni-
versity of California.

NovemsBer 25. “Liquid Air.”

Mr. H. M. Elsey, Chemistry Department, Stanford
University.

Decemeer 2. “Circulation of the blood.”

Dr. A. A. D’Ancona, Member of San Francisco Board
of Education.

DeceMBER 9. “Weeds.”

Miss Alice Eastwood, Curator, Department of Botany,
California Academy of Sciences.

DecemeBer 16. “The growth and transformation of insects.”

Prof. E. O. Essig, College of Agriculture, University
of California.

DeceMBER 23. “The distribution of plants in California.”

Dr. Douglas H. Campbell, Professor of Botany, Stan-
ford University.

The Academy has published during 1917 the following
papers in continuation of the Fourth Series of the Proceedings:

Vol. VI, No. 8, pp. 223-228
REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY FOR THE YEAR 1916
by C. E. Grunsky.
Vol. VI, No. 9, pp. 229-294
REPORT OF THE DrreECTOR OF THE MUSEUM FoR THE YEAR 1916
by Barton Warren Evermann.

Vor. VII) GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT’S REPORT FOR 1917 323

Vol. VII, No. 1, pp. 1-31
ARCHEOLOGICAL NoTES ON WESTERN WASHINGTON AND ADJACENT
BritisH CoLuMBIA
by Albert B. Reagan
Vol. VIT, No. 2, pp. 33-35
CONCERNING THE ORIGIN OF THE SOFT-SHELLED TURTLE, Aspidonectes
californiana Rivers
by John Van Denburgh.
Vol. VII, No. 3, pp. 35-39
Notes ON THE HeRPETOLOGY OF GUAM, MartANA ISLANDS
by John Van Denburgh.

Vol. VII, No. 4, pp. 41-124
STRATIGRAPHIC AND FAUNAL RELATIONS OF THE MARTINEZ TO THE CHICO
AND TEJON OF SOUTHERN ‘CALIFORNIA
by Clarence A. Waring.
Vol. VII, No. 5, pp. 125-156
Tue FAuNA oF A MepraL TERTIARY FORMATION AND THE ASSOCIATED
Horizons or NorTHEASTERN MEXICO
by Roy E. Dickerson and William S. W. Kew
Vol. VII, No. 6, pp. 157-192
CLIMATE AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON THE OLIGOCENE FAUNAS OF THE
Paciric COAST, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES FROM THE
MOoLoPpoPpHORUS LINCOLNENSIS ZONE
by Roy E. Dickerson

Vol. VII, No. 7, pp. 193-196
Cuirmatic ZONES OF MARTINEZ Eocene TiME
by Roy E. Dickerson.

Vol. VII, No. 8, pp. 197-205
ANCIENT PANAMA CANALS
by Roy E. Dickerson

Vol. VII, No. 9, pp. 207-227
GrEoLocy OF A Portion of THE McKittrick District, A TYPICAL Ex-
AMPLE OF THE West SipE SAN JoaQguin VaLitEy Or FIeLps, AND A
CoRRELATION OF THE O1L SANDS OF THE West Sipe Fieips
by G. C. Gester

Vol. VII, No. 10, pp. 229-248
Notes on West AMERICAN CHITONS—I
by S. Stillman Berry.

Vol. VII, No. 11, pp. 249-318
REPORT UPON A COLLECTION OF HEMIPTERA MADE BY WALTER M. GIFFARD
IN 1916 AND 1917, CHIEFLY IN CALIFORNIA
by Edward P. Van Duzee.

Vol. II, Pt. 1, No. 11, pp. 375-382
PRELIMINARY Descriptions oF New Species oF PULMONATA OF THE
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
by William Healey Dall.

THE STEINHART AQUARIUM

The most notable event in relation to the Academy in the
past year, was the gift to the Academy by the late Ignatz
Steinhart of $250,000 for an Aquarium building. Mr. Stein-
hart had, for several years, cherished the desire to provide a
public aquarium for the people of San Francisco.

324 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER

During the last fifteen or twenty years various efforts had
been made looking toward the establishment of a public
aquarium in San Francisco. One of the first to give the matter
serious consideration was Loyd Tevis, a public-spirited citizen
of San Francisco. After giving much time and thought to the
question and expending a considerable sum in making a study
of the aquariums of the world, unforeseen difficulties developed
which made it impracticable to carry out the purpose, much to
Mr. Tevis’s regret.

The next to take up the matter was Sigmund Steinhart, an-
other philanthropic citizen of San Francisco. At his death in
1910 he left a certain sum of money with his brother, Ignatz
Steinhart, with the request that it be used for aquarium pur-
poses, if he found it feasible to do so. Mr. Ignatz Steinhart
took up the matter at once and became deeply interested in it.
His wish and hope was to provide the city of San Francisco
and the people of the entire Pacific Coast with a modern, up-to-
date public aquarium. Numerous and diverse difficulties and
discouragements arose, however, and Mr. Steinhart had almost
abandoned the hope of ever being able to realize the dream of
his brother and himself.

Early in 1916 Dr. Evermann, Director of the Museum,
had a number of conferences with Mr. Steinhart, with the
result that Mr. Steinhart’s interest revived. Finally he an-
nounced, at an aquarium luncheon at the Palace Hotel, Sep-
tember 21, 1916, that he would undertake to provide a build-
ing adequate in every way for an aquarium equal to any now
existing if the city of San Francisco would make adequate
provision for its maintenance. He also announced that he
desired that the aquarium be located in Golden Gate Park and
that its control and management be placed with the California
Academy of Sciences.

Following this, a charter amendment was drawn and sub-
mitted to the electorate of the city and county of San Francisco
at the election in November, 1916, which directs the super-
visors to include in their annual budget an item of not less than
$20,000 for the maintenance of a public aquarium. This
amendment carried by an overwhelming majority and Mr.
Steinhart at once began considering plans and specifications.
It was his earnest desire and hope to have the building com-
pleted and the aquarium in operation in his life time, but, to the

Vor. VIT) GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT’S REPORT FOR 1917 325

great regret of all, this was not to be. On April 27, 1917, he
became ill, and died on May 15. When the will was made pub-
lic it was found that Mr. Steinhart had made ample provision
for a public aquarium, by bequeathing “to the California
Academy of Sciences the sum of two hundred and fifty thou-
sand dollars ($250,000) for the erection and completion of an
aquarium to be located in the Golden Gate Park of the city of
San Francisco, and adjacent to or adjoining the new buildings
and museum of said Academy of Sciences in said park, and
subject to the following conditions :

1. Said aquarium to be called the Steinhart Aquarium,
and a bronze bust of my brother Sigmund Steinhart, now
deceased, but joint donor with me, to be erected and dis-
played in some convenient place in said Aquarium build-
ing.

2. The location, plans, and specifications, and also the
appurtenances and installations therein, to be submitted to
my executors and to be approved by same.

3. The final cost of said Aquarium not to exceed to my
estate the sum of said $250,000, to be certified to by the
principal officials of said Academy of Sciences and the
architect selected for the construction of said Aquarium.

4. The management, superintendence, and operation of
said Aquarium to be in charge and under the direction of
said Academy of Sciences; and I expect that the necessary
funds for the maintenance and operation of said Aquarium
will be furnished by the city of San Francisco for the
benefit of the inhabitants thereof, or those who may enjoy
said Aquarium and derive knowledge and information
therefrom.”

The Academy of Sciences, the executors, and the proper city
officials of San Francisco are all deeply interested in seeing the
Aquarium in full operation at an early date and are all working
in perfect harmony toward the realization of that end.

The amount of money to be put into the building will pro-
vide an Aquarium building superior to any now in existence.
The Aquarium will be for both fresh and salt water species,
and there will be out-door pools for fur seals, sea lions, elephant
seals, porpoises, and other aquatic mammals and reptiles.

326 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

The city of San Francisco is fortunate in having had as one
of its distinguished citizens a man of vision as Ignatz Steinhart
was; aman who had prospered in this world, and who, having
prospered, wished to do something worth while for the city
that had for so many years been his home. Men and women of
wealth are coming more and more to realize that one of the
very best and most satisfactory ways to dispose of wealth is to
give it to scientific and educational institutions to aid in the
increase of knowledge and its diffusion among men. Mr.
Steinhart was such a man, and the name of Ignatz Steinhart
will ever be held in grateful remembrance by the multitudes
who will visit the Steinhart Aquarium every year and be enter-
tained and instructed by the various forms of aquatic life it will
contain.

THE WILLIAM M. FITZHUGH COLLECTION OF INDIAN BASKETRY
AND POTTERY

This collection of Indian baskets, pottery, and stone imple-
ments was assembled by the late Professor and Mrs. T. S. G.
Lowe and represents many years of diligent collecting and sus-
tained interest on their part. When the collection came into
the possession of Mr. Fitzhugh in 1914 he very kindly offered
to install it in the new museum building of the California
Academy of Sciences, then under construction. The offer was
accepted and, upon the completion of the building, the installa-
tion was made.

The hall, 170 feet long by 15 feet wide, at the south of the
Mammal Hall and facing on the open court, has been devoted
entirely to this exhibit. The collection is so large, consisting
of more than 15,000 different objects, as to preclude the possi-
bility of installing it in its entirety; but by eliminating dupli-
cates and the articles of least ethnologic or educational interest,
space was found for practically all the really important speci-
mens. The installation of the collection was done under the
immediate direction of the late William Altmann, and was
made primarily with reference to artistic effect. Mr. Altmann’s
keen artistic sense together with his knowledge of Indian
basketry and wide experience in arranging collections of this
kind enabled him to do this work most satisfactorily and the
hall now makes a very attractive appearance. A tribal or cere-

Vor. V1I) GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT’S REPORT FOR 1917 327

monial classification would have considerable educational ad-
vantage and would probably not detract materially from the
artistic effect.

The Basket Hall has proved a great attraction to specialists
and to the general public.

When the number of visitors at the Museum is large, the
Basket Hall is usually crowded, and at all times it attracts its
share of interest. Many visitors are observed to tarry long,
studying the objects critically. Teachers in the public schools
frequently bring their classes to the Museum and make use of
these exhibits in their school work.

Some idea can be gotten of the character of these exhibits
trom the photographs reproduced in this report.

NOTABLE ACCESSIONS TO THE MUSEUM AND LIBRARY

The accessions to the Museum and to the Library during the
year have been many and valuable. Only a few of the more
notable ones will be mentioned here.

In the Department of Botany large and valuable collections
of herbarium specimens have been received as donations from
Doctors Charlotte and Fred Baker of San Diego, Mrs. A. L.
Coombes of San Francisco, Miss Sophie Fauntleroy of Santa
Barbara, Mrs. Elizabeth Parsons Hawver of San Francisco,
Dr. Harold Heath of Stanford University, Mrs. G. Earle Kelly
of Alameda, Mrs. Ernest Meiere of San Francisco, Mr. Justin
P. Moore, Mrs. Zelia Nuttall, Mr. G. P. Rixford of San Fran-
cisco, Mr. L. E. Smith of Sisson, Cal., Dr. E. C. Van Dyke of
Berkeley, Miss Ethel Wickes of San Francisco, and Mrs.
Elizabeth Wright of Calistoga.

In addition to these there have been received either by ex-
change, purchase, or exploration, many large and important
collections.

The Department of Entomology has received a number of
unusually large and important donations, chiefly from Dr. F.
E. Blaisdell of San Francisco, Mr. B. Preston Clark of Boston,
Dr. Frank C. Clark of Los Angeles, Dr. W. M. Crowfoot of
- Suffolk, England, Mr. Frank Daggett of Los Angeles, Mr.
C. A. Hill of Los Angeles, Mr. W. M. Giffard of Honolulu,
Mr. J. August Kusche of Eldridge, Cal., Mr. E. J. Newcomer

328 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4rH Ser.

of Palo Alto, and Mr. F. X. Williams of Honolulu. These
collections total many thousand specimens.

The Department of Ornithology also has received a number
of important gifts of specimens of birds and birds’ eggs, the
most valuable being a collection of 748 birds’ eggs from Mrs.
C. A. Treuholtz of Oakland, another of 215 eggs from Mr.
Wm. H. Evermann of Burlington, Indiana, another of 103
eggs and 36 bird skins from Messrs. J. & J. W. Mailliard of
San Francisco. And, through the kindly interest of Mr. L. J.
Phelps, U. S. Customs Examiner, San Francisco, the Academy
has received 25 packages of egrettes, bird skins, and feathers
seized by the Customs office.

The Department of Mammalogy has received a number of
notable gifts, the most important being: Five specimens of the
Stone or Black Sheep (Ovis stonei). These were presented to
the Academy by Mr. H. O. Harrison of San Francisco who
obtained them in British Columbia. They are excellent ma-
terial for a fine habitat group. The Academy is also indebted
to the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries for 14 fur seals from the
Pribilof Islands. Although these are seals found dead on the
rookeries they are nevertheless suitable material for a habitat
group.

Through the courtesy of Mr. C. J. Albrecht of the Museum
of the University of Washington the Academy has received
five excellent specimens of the Roosevelt elk. And Mr. Leslie
Simson of Oakland has generously donated to the Academy the
following skins and skulls of Alaska mammals: three caribou,
3 Dall’s sheep, 2 mountain goats and 1 moose.

The most notable donations to the library have been the fol-
lowing: From Mr. L. E. Smith of Sisson, Cal., 164 books and
pamphlets ; from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, through
Dr. Walter H. Evans of the Office of Experiment Stations,
266 volumes and reports of that office; from Mr. F. X.
Williams of Honolulu, 649 scientific books, pamphlets and
periodicals.

To all of these donors who have so generously contributed to
the Museum’s collections and library grateful acknowledgment
is made.

Vor. VII) GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT’S REPORT FOR 1917

ioe)
i)
Ne)

HONORARY MEMBERS AND FELLOWS

Under authority of the Constitution the Academy at the
last annual meeting (February 21, 1917) elected to Honorary
membership three of the most distinguished scientific men in
America, namely: Dr. John A. Brashear of Pittsburgh, Pa.,
Dr. Robert S. Woodward, President of the Carnegie Institu-
tion of Washington, and Dr. Frederic A. Lucas, Director of the
American Museum of Natural History.

Section 4 of Article II of the Constitution provides for a
class of members to be known as Fellows. Any person trained
in the methods of science and engaged in scientific work who
has been a Member of the Academy one year or more may,
upon recommendation of the Council, be eligible for election by
letter-ballot as a Fellow of the Academy. Early in the year
the Academy availed itself of this privilege and the following
distinguished members were elected Fellows:

Dr. John C. Branner, President Emeritus of Stanford Uni-
versity.

Dr. W. W. Campbell, Director of the Lick Observatory.

Dr. David Starr Jordan, Chancellor Emeritus of Stanford
University.

Dr. Wm. E. Ritter, Director of the Scripps Institution for
Biological Research.

I am sure I voice the feeling of all when I say that the
Academy is proud to begin its roster of Fellows with the names
of these distinguished men of science. And it is equally proud
to number among its Honorary members the three distin-
guished men who were elected to that class.

Despite the disturbed conditions throughout the world, the
Academy has during the past year continued to make progress.

While the Academy is far from being in position to do all
that should be done in the matter of collecting and housing
material of scientific interest from land and sea, for study and
display, it has nevertheless done what it could with the means
at its command and makes grateful acknowledgment of the
fact that its work has been facilitated and the interest of the
public stimulated by many donations, among the most notable
of which are a contribution of $3500.00 by Mr. Herbert
Fleishhacker credited to his mother, Mrs. Delia Fleishhacker,

330 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

which was devoted to the installation of the San Joaquin Valley
Water-Fowl group, recently opened to the view of the public,
and the contribution of $3,000, which will be increased to
$3,500, by Mr. A. K. Macomber, which is being used in the
installation of a White Pelican group. More specific refer-
ence to these and other donations which the Academy has re-
ceived during the year will be found in the report of the Direc-
tor of the Museum.

The activities of the Academy along scientific lines will ap-
pear from the reports of the Director of the Museum and of
the curators of the several departments into which the Acad-
emy’s work is divided. These reports show that there has been
no lack of earnest co-operation and there has been always an
earnest endeavor to do all that could be done with the means
and within the time available.

I again acknowledge with pleasure the valuable service that
is being rendered by those who with the facilities provided by
the Academy are engaged in contributing to the fund of human
knowledge and wish to thank them for their devotion to the
work. May they and the Academy continue to merit and ob-
tain the approbation of the public and let us hope for a growing
material support.

The Academy will soon have outgrown the facilities which
have been provided in the first unit of its building, but it has
no means at present in sight with which to make extensions.
It is carrying as large a debt as seems wise—some $319,000.00.
Its annual interest obligation amounts to about $16,300.00.
There is some satisfaction, however, in being able to note that
the indebtedness has been reduced during the year by $10,000,
as will appear more fully in the financial statement of the
Treasurer.

I speak for your officers when I say that the cordial support
that has come to them from the membership and from the
public in their endeavor to fulfil their responsibilities is thor-
oughly appreciated.

XIII

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE MUSEUM FOR
THE YEAR 1917

BY

Barton WarREN EvVERMANN
Director of the Museum

The annual report of the Director for the year 1916 was
presented to the Academy at the annual meeting of February
21, 1917. At that time 11 of the large habitat groups, four
intermediate groups and two small groups had been completed.
Since then new groups have been completed as follows:

California Condor.—Although the background for this
group had been painted in 1916 by Mr. Charles Abel Corwin,
it was not until in 1917 that the necessary birds for the group
were obtained. In May of that year three splendid birds, an
adult male, an adult female, and a young bird perhaps one year
old, were secured, in Ventura County by Mr. Jos. P. Herring.
These have now been installed and make a very striking group.

San Joaquin Valley Water-Fowl.—This group shows the
various species of ducks, geese, and other water-fowl that
spend the winter in the San Joaquin Valley. Six species of
geese and about 25 species of ducks are represented. The birds
were obtained by Messrs. Paul J. Fair and Arthur L. Reed,
with the assistance of Mr. Thos. Rooney, in the vicinity of
Gadwall, Merced County, California, through the courtesy of
the Los Banos Gun Club.

The background was painted by Captain Charles Bradford
Hudson and makes a scene of unusual interest and beauty. On
the whole, this group is generally regarded as the most beauti-
ful that has as yet been completed.

The Academy has been able to install this really remarkable
group through the liberality of Mr. Herbert Fleishhacker who
very generously met all the expenses connected with its prepara-
tion.

California Clapper Rail_—This is one of the most attractive
of the small panel groups thus far prepared. There are shown

332 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser.

the nest, eggs and a pair of the birds, as found in the salt-
marshes on Bay Farm Island south of Alameda. The group
was prepared by Paul J. Fair assisted by Miss Olive E. Cutter.
The background was painted by Miss Cutter.

California Linnet or House Finch—This small panel group,
originally installed by Mr. Rowley, has been rearranged by Mr.
Fair and thereby very greatly improved. It now makes a very
attractive and instructive exhibit.

Coast Bush-Tit.—This is by many regarded as the most ar-
tistic and beautiful of the small groups that have been com-
pleted. It shows a pair of Bush-Tits and their curious pensile
nest in a eucalyptus tree near the Museum in Golden Gate Park.
Other eucalyptus trees show through the fog in the back-
ground, which was painted by Miss Olive E. Cutter. Group
prepared by Mr. Fair.

California Ground Squirrel—This small panel group, pre-
pared by Mr. Jos. P. Herring, shows a family of this noxious
rodent in their natural environment near San Francisco.

Santa Cruz Chipmunk.—This is another of the small Cali-
fornia mammal groups of which we hope to have at least 20 in
the mammal hall. The animals shown belong to the subspecies,
Eutamias merriami pricei, common throughout San Mateo,
Santa Cruz and Monterey counties. The group was prepared
by Mr. Joseph P. Herring.

In addition to the above, already completed, several other
groups, large or small, are in progress. These include groups
of the White Pelican (nearly completed), the Roosevelt Elk,
the Fur Seal, the Elephant Seal, Sharp-shinned Hawk, Nuttall
Sparrow, Red-tail Hawk and Yellow-billed Magpie. When
these shall have been finished there will remain space only for
a number of small mammal groups and possibly, for a few
groups of intermediate size.

In addition to the habitat groups we have placed in the bird
hall three floor cases in which are shown many of the common
birds found in Golden Gate Park. It is planned to install a case
in which will be shown, by seasons, all of the more common
birds of the Park and vicinity.

Sulphur-bottom Whale (Balenoptera sulfurus).—Within
the year Mr. Herring completed in a very satisfactory manner
the installation of the skeleton of a Sulphur-bottom Whale

VoL. VIIJ EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917 333

which was acquired in 1915. This has proved to be one of the
most interesting exhibits. It is placed in a suitable open shed
in the court between the bird hall and the research wing. The
whale from which this skeleton was obtained was taken in
1908 off the west coast of Vancouver Island by the whaler “St.
Lawrence,” operating from the Pacific Whaling Company's
station at Kyuquot, B. C. It was a bull whale. Total length,
75 feet’. Its weight was estimated at 80 tons. It is estimated
to have produced 60 barrels of oil, about 8 tons of fertilizer,
and 400 pounds of baleen or whalebone. Other measurements
are as follows: Length of lower jawbone, 19 feet; of upper
jaw, 15 feet 4 inches; head, 20 feet 6 inches ; longest rib, 10 feet
4 inches; fore flipper, 10 feet 10 inches; skull, 5 feet; width at
eleventh rib, 11 feet; depth, 13 feet.

The Sulphur-bottom is the largest of all the whales. It is
said to reach a length of 60 to 100 feet. Captain Scammon
records one which was 95 feet long; girth 39 feet; length of
jawbone 21 feet ; length of longest baleen 4 feet ; yield of baleen
800 pounds; yield of oil 110 barrels; estimated weight of whole
animal 147 tons.

The Sulphur-bottom Whale occurs at all seasons on the Cali-
fornia coast. During the period from May to September they
formerly might be seen in large numbers close in shore, at times
playing about ships at anchor in the open roadsteads, or near
islands or capes, but as a rule they do not approach vessels with
the same boldness that the Finback does. This species is con-
sidered the swiftest whale afloat, and for this reason it is but
seldom pursued and still more rarely taken.

Quite contrary to the more or less widespread popular belief,
whales are not fish, but mammals. They are warm blooded ani-
mals, bring forth their young alive and suckle their young, like
the horse and the cow. A whale simply resembles a fish ex-
ternally because it is adapted to life in the water; but it is no
more a fish on that account than a bat is a bird because it is
adapted to flying. :

Whales are the most perfectly aquatic of all mammals; they
never leave the water, although legends have represented them
as pasturing upon the shore, and Aelian spoke of them as com-
ing out on the sand and basking in the sun’s rays.

1It is claimed that the total length in the flesh was 86 feet.

334 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41" Ser.

Whales possess no externally-visible hind-limbs; vestiges,
however, are present under the skin. The fore-limbs are in the
form of paddles which appear to be used as balancers rather
than in locomotion. The tail is fish-like in form, but the flukes
are horizontal instead of vertical as in fishes, which arrange-
ment enables the whale to rise promptly to the surface when it
needs to breathe. When the whale breathes the expired air
rushes out through the nostrils, or blow-hole, the water vapor
in the breath condenses and appears like a column of water.

The Sulphur-bottom Whale skeleton has been housed in a
suitable open shed erected in the court between the research
wing and the bird hall. This shed is 94.5 feet long by 24
feet wide, 22 feet high at the comb and 14 feet at the eaves.
The shed is open on all sides. The roof is supported by 14
posts or columns each 12” x 12” x 13’ 9”, all set in a concrete
base which is continuous on all sides. Between the posts is a
double heavy iron rail. The construction is architecturally
substantial and pleasing in appearance. The total cost of the
shed has been $1777.08.

EMPLOYEES

A few changes in the personnel of the Museum have occurred
within the year. On January 31, the resignations of Mr. John
Rowley and Mr. A. L. Bolton were received and accepted. Mr.
Rowley had for several years been chief taxidermist and chief
of exhibits. Mr. Bolton had been an assistant to Mr. Rowley
for some years. Mrs. M. L. Pariser assistant department of
exhibits, resigned May 14, and Miss Olive E. Cutter was ap-
pointed to the vacancy May 21. Mrs. Mary C. Kaeding was
appointed check-room attendant May 1, and served until Octo-
ber 31. Mr. Jos. P. Herring, assistant department of exhibits,
resigned June 30, and Mr. Ignatius W. McGuire, who had for
several years rendered very efficient and valuable service as
general office assistant, resigned December 24, to enter the
University of California.

Th employees of the Museum during the year have been as
follows:

Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, Director and Executive
Curator of the Museum and Editor; W. W. Sargeant, Secre-
tary to the Board of Trustees; Miss Susie Peers, stenographer

Vor. VII) EVERMANN--DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917 335

and typewriter; Joseph W. Hobson, Recording Secretary ;
Miss Alice Eastwood, curator, Department of Botany ; Edward
P. Van Duzee, curator, Department of Entomology, and as-
sistant librarian; Dr. John Van Denburgh, curator, Depart-
ment of Herpetology; Dr. Roy E. Dickerson, curator, Depart-
ment of Invertebrate Paleontology; Dr. Walter K. Fisher,
curator, Department of Invertebrate Zoology; Paul J. Fair,
chief taxidermist; Joseph R. Slevin, assistant, Department of
Herpetology; Arthur L. Reed, assistant, Department of Ex-
hibits ; Miss Olive E. Cutter, assistant, Departinent of Exhibits ;
Mrs. Marian L. Campbell and Miss Dorothy Duff, assistants,
Department of Botany; Miss Alma Krauss, assistant, Depart-
ment of Entomology ; Georges Vorbe, assistant, Department of
Paleontology ; Ignatius W. McGuire, library assistant ; John I.
Carlson, general Museum assistant; James H. Chastain, jani-
tor; Wm. C. Lewis, assistant janitor; Raymond Smith, general
assistant; Frank W. Yale, night watchman; Mrs. Johanna E.
Wilkens, janitress; Mrs. Mary C. Kaeding, check-room attend-
ant; Patrick J. O’Brien, day watch; William J. Owen, tem-
porary night watchman.

ACCESSIONS TO THE MUSEUM

The Accessions to the Museum during the year have been
many, as shown by the reports of the respective curators and in
the detailed list in the appendix to this report. A few of the
more notable accessions are mentioned in the President’s report
(pp. 327 and 328).

TAXIDERMISTS’ LABORATORIES

In the budget for 1916 an item of $1500 was provided for a
taxidermists’ shop or laboratory.

Finding that this amount would not provide a building that
would present a satisfactory appearance in any location ad-
jacent to the Museum, it was decided to erect two structures
on the roof, one on the Research Wing at the north end, the
other in the corresponding position on the roof of the Bird Hall.

This was done. The former is 30’ x 15’ and 10 feet high,
the latter is 27’ x 12’ and 10 feet high and is divided by a par-
tition into two rooms. These structures have been erected in

336 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

such a way as to meet the building and insurance requirements.
They are not observable from the ground. They have cost only
$529.04 and meet present needs fairly well.

VISITORS TO THE MUSEUM

That the Museum is meeting a real public need in a very
effective way is evidenced by the number of visitors. The
Museum has been open every day during the past year, from
10 A. M. to 4 P. M. on week days and from 10 A. M. to 5
P. M. on holidays, including Saturdays and Sundays.

The number of visitors has varied from fewer than a hun-
dred on bad days to more than 9000 on Sundays. The attend-
ance by months during the year 1917, has been as follows:

PAMUAEY. cro.c ais SS hie gen setae etes ave ere Si ae 23,170
Rebruary 2. oks dices sus tyavers csr tong arene 22,058
INGeRGH: {seer een c cas eae oe se Oe Ree 31,606
ACEI tS ci oso cabin se veleleftieie erent ee coments 32,179
MAY Hei ccs.3 oe o ah adit eastern eee 26,154
WAMHE? sisee Saed was Gate aials Symes che arenes Geruswonetenees 32,123
WUUly: wsacenesiti seats Sie mane wise emer ornate 37,193
AUCTISH 6 5, 20 5 a5 aheieoie aie eee tones 24,619
Septembet ia; 's4.2. sss ee evs tha eee 27,866
October cca yneddc dee aie viel eee re ss 20,629
Novetnbér ows aecie oN dc dae Slee otaeteuere es 21,810
December: «fa 5.d pnts ode Gonna ee ease 21,693
AOC BI ea: aleteccavay aS nondeore eral ah eteareged ucerte ene nada 321,096

THE MUSEUM AND THE SCHOOLS

The schools in increasing numbers have taken advantage of
the educational advantages offered by the Museum during the
past year. Many teachers have brought their classes to view
the habitat groups and other exhibits. The practice, begun
last year, of having a member of the Museum staff accompany
each class or school about the halls and explain briefly the
various exhibits, has been continued. When time permits the
schools are then taken into the auditorium and are shown mov-

VoL. VII] » EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917 337

ing pictures of the animals shown in some one of the groups.
Steps are being taken to bring about a closer co-operation be-
tween the Museum and the schools whereby the Museum will be
able to render even greater service to the public along educa-
tional lines.

LECTURES

A course of free popular lectures on scientific subjects has
been maintained throughout the year, on the third Wednesday
evening of each month. These have been given at the regular
monthly meetings of the Academy, usually held in the Board
room of the Mechanics Institute Library. The list of lecturers
and their subjects will be found in the President’s repeort (pp.
320 and 321).

The Academy has also continued the Sunday afternoon
course of popular lectures which proved so successful last
year. These lectures are given in the auditorium of the Mu-
seum at 3 P. M. every Sunday. The attendance at the lectures
is limited only by the capacity of the hall. One of the urgent
needs of the Museum is a much larger hall to accommodate the
larger audiences who desire to attend these lectures.

As heretofore the success of the Sunday afternoon lecture
course is due to the energy and resourcefulness of the lecture
committee, Messrs. Roy E. Dickerson, W. W. Sargeant and
E. P. Van Duzee. The list of the lectures given in 1917 will
be found in the President’s report (pp. 321-323).

There are certain expenses connected with the lectures which,
though small, the Academy finds difficulty in meeting from its
present income. These expenses include pay of ushers, print-
ing of notices, preparation of illustrative material, travel ex-
penses of lecturers, operator of stereopticon, and other small
expenses.

If the Academy could secure a modest endowment the in-
come from which to be used in meeting expenses incident to
lectures, it would be able to make the courses even more valu-
able and popular than they have been in the past. An endow-
ment that would yield an annual income of $500 to $1000
would help greatly.

Go
ies)
~

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4rm Ser.

DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES

The curators and their assistants have been able to devote
most of their time to the enlargement, care and study of the
collections under their charge.

The condition and activities of the different departments are
fully shown in the reports of the respective curators and need
be referred to here only briefly.

Department of Botany.—The usual activity in this depart-
ment has continued. The Curator, Miss Eastwood, has been
indefatigable in adding to, mounting, labeling, and caring for
the collections in her charge. The herbarium now numbers
more than 45,000 specimens all mounted, labeled and sys-
tematically arranged. The educational activities of the de-
partment have continued unabated through the weekly meet-
ings of the Botanical Club, the flower exhibit and public lec-
tures to clubs and schools.

Department of Entomology.—Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, Cura-
tor of this department, has been very active not only in mount-
ing, classifying, and determining the material previously ac-
cumulated but he has been remarkably successful in securing
donations of large and valuable collections of insects in various
groups. He also found time to do considerable field work
which added many specimens to the department’s collections.

Mr. Van Duzee has been successful not only in securing
many important donations to the department but he has been
equally successful in bringing the Museum in close touch with
the entomologists of the country, with the result that a number
of large and valuable collections some of which have lain in the
Museum for many years unworked and unstudied, are now be-
ing studied and identified by specialists in the various groups.

Department of Exhibits—The work of this department has
been under the immediate direction of Mr. Paul J. Fair. The
work that has been done in the installation of habitat groups
and other exhibition material has been of a high order of ex-
cellence. Two large habitat groups (the San Joaquin Valley
Water-Fowl and the California Condor), and five small groups
(California Clapper Rail, Linnet, Bush-Tit, Chipmunk and
Ground Squirrel) have been completed. Two others (White
Pelican and Sharp-shinned Hawk) are nearly finished, and
several others, including the Roosevelt Elk, Fur Seal, Nuttall

Vor. VII) EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1017 339

Sparrow, Red-tail Hawk, Yellow-billed Magpie and Wild Cat,
have been commenced.

A series of the birds found in Golden Gate Park and vicinity
has also been placed in the Bird Hall where they attract much
attention.

Department of Herpetology.—The Curator, Dr. Van Den-
burgh, and the Assistant Curator, Mr. Slevin, have been alert
in enlarging and caring for the collections of this department.

There have been added to the department's collections’ dur-
ing the year a total of 1635 specimens, of which 1519 were ob-
tained during field exploration carried on by the Curator and
the Assistant Curator. The collections of the department now
number 35,451 specimens.

The classification and arrangement of the collections have
continued throughout the year and gratifying progress has
been made. The Curator has continued his research work
during the year, especially on the gopher and garter snakes of
the Pacific Coast.

Department of Paleontology.—The Curator of this depart-
ment, Dr. Dickerson, has made commendable progress in classi-
fying, labeling and arranging in trays and cases the fossils and
recent shells under his care. All the marine shells of the Hemp-
hill collection have been numbered and placed in proper cases.
Much has been done with other groups.

Within the year considerable field work has been done by the
Curator, chiefly in the vicinity of the Marysville Buttes, in San
Diego County, and in the area between Tejon Pass and Cajon
Pass in the San Andreas Rift zone, the latter in co-operation
with Dr. L. F. Noble of the U. S. Geological Survey.

Considerable work has also been done toward geological
mapping in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma quadrangles. Mr.
F. M. Anderson, formerly curator of this department (a posi-
tion he relinquished because of the heavy demands upon his
time in connection with commercial oil investigations), has
given considerable time to a study of the rich paleontological
material which he secured for the Academy during his work in
northern South America in 1914-1916.

Department of Invertebrate Zoology.—Some field work was
done for this department in the vicinity of Friday Harbor,
Washington, by Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd, resulting in a

a

340 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4rH Ser.

considerable collection of marine invertebrates, chiefly mol-
lusks. Some collecting was done also in the vicinity of Santa
Cruz Island and a little in Monterey Bay.

Department of Mammalogy.—In the absence of a curator of
this department, no effort was made in the past year to increase
its collections. A few specimens, however, have been received
from miscellaneous sources, increasing the catalogue entries
from 2300 to 2336. The most notable of these were 5 excel-
lent specimens of the Stone or Black Sheep (Ovis.stonei) of
British Columbia, for which the Academy is indebted to Mr.
H. O. Harrison of San Francisco; skins and skulls of 3 caribou,
3 Dall sheep, 2 mountain goats, and one moose, all from Alaska,
which were generously donated to the Academy by Mr. Leslie
Simson of Oakland; 14 fur seals from the Pribilof Islands, fur-
nished by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries; and 5 Roosevelt elk
from the Olympic Peninsula, through the kindness of Mr. J. C.
Albrecht of the Museum of the University of Washington.

Department of Ornithology.—Very little field work was
done by this department during the year. A few miscellaneous
specimens were collected by various members of the Museum
staff and several donations of single specimens or small col-
lections were received.

The Director gave his personal attention to the care of the
collections of birds, birds’ eggs and nests, and mammals.

Mr. Joseph Mailliard has made use of the Academy’s collec-
tions in connection with his studies of California birds.

Library.—Reasonable progress has been made during the
year in classifying, cataloguing, and arranging the books on
the shelves. A total of 670 linear feet of shelving has been
added which permits a material reduction in the quantity of
books and pamphlets which were previously boxed or stacked
on the floor.

The additions to the library during the year were 749 bound
volumes besides several hundred pamphlets and excerpts.

It is hoped that funds may be available next year to keep one
or more library assistants continuously employed.

PARTICIPATION IN IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS

The Academy took an active and important part in the second
annual meeting of the Pacific Division of the American Asso-

Vout. VII) EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917 341

ciation for the Advancement of Science, and Affiliated Societies,
at Leland Stanford Junior University, April 5 to 7, 1917. The
attendance of members of the Academy and the number who
presented papers were very gratifying and creditable to the
Academy, as evidence of the fact that the Academy is taking
an active and important part in the scientific activities of the
Pacific Coast. Among the members of the Academy who par-
ticipated in the Stanford meeting were the following: Dr. John
Caspar Branner, Prof. A. L. Barrows, Dr. Douglas H. Camp-
bell, Dr. W. W. Campbell, Dr. Bruce L. Clark, Prof. Geo. A.
Clark, Dr. Roy E. Dickerson, Dr. Barton Warren Evermann,
Mr. C. E. Grunsky, Dr. Harvey M. Hall, Dr. Charles A.
Kofoid, Mr. W. S. W. Kew, Dr. G. C. Gester, Dr. F. B. Sum-
ner, Dr. J. Rollin Slonaker, Dr. James Perrin Smith, Dr.
Chester Stock, Dr. Wm. A. Setchell, Dr. George C. Peirce,
Prof. Bailey Willis, Prof. Charles E. Weaver, Mr. Clarence A.
Waring, Prof. John O. Snyder, Dr. William E. Ritter, and
probably others.

On the evening of April 7, a dinner was given under the
auspices of the Academy at the Sutter Hotel in San Francisco
to the members of the Association. The attendance was good
and the occasion proved a very pleasant one.

The membership of the Academy has also been active during
the year in war work, many members being members of various
committees of the Pacific Coast Research Conference, through
which they are assisting the State Council for Defense in all
possible ways.

PUBLICATIONS BY THE MUSEUM STAFF

The members of the Museum staff have been active in re-
search and scientific investigation. Their contributions to
scientific literature have been very creditable both in number
and quality, as evidenced by the following list of titles:

Dickerson, Roy E.
1, The Fauna of a medial Tertiary Formation and the associated
Horizons of Northeastern Mexico. (Senior author with William
S. W. Kew.)
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Fourth Ser., Vol. VI, No. 5, pp. 125-156, pls.
17-26 a, July 30, 1917.

342

2

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tH Ser.

Climate and its influence upon the Oligocene Faunas of the Pacific
Coast, with Descriptions of some new Species from the Molopo-
phorus lincolnensis Zone.

Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Fourth Ser., Vol. VI, No. 6, pp. 157-192, pls.
27-31, July 30, 1917.

. Climatic Zones of Martinez Eocene Times.

Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Fourth Ser., Vol. VI, No. 7, pp. 193-196, July
30, 1917.

. Ancient Panama Canals.

Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Fourth Ser., Vol. VI, No. & pp. 197-205, July
30, 1917.

Evermann, Barton Warren

18

2.

13:

14.

More about the Swordfish.

The Islander, Vol. 12, No. 1, January 23, 1917.

Report of the Director of the Museum [of the California Academy
of Sciences] for the year 1916.

Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Fourth Ser., Vol. VI, No. 9, pp. 229-294, pls.
3-17, June 23, 1917.

. The Fishes of the West Coast of Peru and the Titicaca Basin.

(Senior author with Lewis Ratcliffe.)
Bull. 95, U. S. Nat. Mus., August 1, 1917, pp. 1-166, pls. 1-14 (figs.
1-41).

. The Genera of Fishes, from Linneus to Cuvier, 1758-1833, Seventy-

five years. (Junior author with David Starr Jordan.)
Leland Stanford Junior University Publications, University Series,
pp. 1-161, August, 1917.

. Notes on the Birds of Carroll County, Indiana.

Delphi, Indiana, Journal, October 11, 1917.

. The Wild Turkey in Carroll County, Indiana.

Delphi, Indiana, Journal, October 11, 1917.

. The Quail in Carroll County, Indiana.

Delphi, Indiana, Journal, October 11, 1917.

. The Ruffed Grouse in Carroll County, Indiana.

Delphi, Indiana, Journal, October 18, 1917.

. The Prairie Chicken in Carroll County, Indiana.

Delphi, Indiana, Journal, October 18, 1917.

. The Wild Pigeon in Carroll County, Indiana.

Delphi, Indiana, Journal, October 25, 1917.

. Owls and other Birds and Mammals in Carroll County, Indiana.

Delphi, Indiana, Journal, October 25, 1917.

. The Steinhart Aquarium.

Pacific Fisherman, Vol. XV, No. 11, November, 1917; also in Ameri-
can Museum Journal, Vol. XVII, No. 8, December, 1917, p. 581.
Federal Government should establish Fisheries Experiment Stations _
Pacific Fisherman, Vol. XV, No. 12, December, 1917, pp. 11 & 12.

A Day with the Birds of a Hoosier Swamp.

Wilson Bulletin, No. 101, December, 1917, pp. 169-175.

Vor. VII) EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917 343

15. Modern Natural History Museums and their relation to Public
Education.
Scientific Monthly, Vol. 6, No. 1, January, 1918, pp. 5-36, pls. 1-15.

16. The Fishes of Kentucky and Tennessee: A Distributional Catalogue
of the known Species.
Bull. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXXV, No. 858, January 10,
1918, pp. 295-368.

17, A Century of Zoology in Indiana.
Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1917, pp. 189-224.

18. The Turtles and Batrachians of the Lake Maxinkuckee Region.
Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1917, pp. 472-518.

Van Denburgh, John

1. Concerning the Origin of the Soft-shelled Turtle, Aspidonectes
californiana Rivers.
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. Fourth Ser., Vol. VII, No. 2, pp. 33-36, July
27, 1917.

2. Notes on the Herpetology of Guam, Mariana Islands.
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. Fourth Ser., Vol. VII, No. 3, pp. 37-39, July
27, 1917.

Van Duzee, Edward P.
1. Catalogue of the Hemiptera of North America north of Mexico,

excepting the Aphidide Coccidx, and Aleurodide.
University of California Publications, Technical Bulletins, Ento-
mology, Vol. 2, pp. I-XIV, 1-902, November 30, 1917.

. Report upon a Collection of Hemiptera made by Walter M. Giffard
in 1916 and 1917, chiefly in California.
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Fourth Ser., Vol. VII, No. 11, pp. 249-318,
December 31, 1917.

i)

SPECIAL ENDOWMENTS URGENTLY NEEDED

The regular income of the Academy is far from adequate to
meet our present and increasing needs. Only by practising the
strictest economy, limiting expenses in most departments to the
minimum requirements, foregoing much field work that really
ought to be done now before changing conditions make the
problems more difficult or impossible of solution, refraining
from the purchase of specimens and publications which are
seriously needed, and limiting the personnel of the Museum to
the lowest possible needs, have we been able to get along.

One of the best ways to remedy this situation and enable the
Academy greatly to increase its usefulness in its scientific and
educational activities, is by gifts of money to be invested as
permanent endowments the incomes from which to be used for
certain specified purposes.

344 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

Among the special endowments which the Academy would
especially commend to those who have prospered in this world
and who desire to do something that is worth while, the follow-
ing may be mentioned :

1. Lectures.—Attention has already been called to the need
of a small endowment for public lectures (page 337). An en-
dowment of $10,000 to $20,000 would meet this need very well.

2. Publication —The amount which the Academy can devote
to the publication of scientific papers is far from adequate. We
are compelled to decline every year to accept for publication
important contributions to knowledge, by members or friends
of the Academy, the publication of which by the Academy
would add materially to its prestige in the scientific world.
Fortunately we have the John W. Hendrie endowment of
$10,000, the income from which is used in publishing scientific
papers. But this fund is not enough. We should have another
publication endowment that would yield an annual income of

anywhere from $1000 to $3000.

3. Ornithology.—The problems of scientific and economic
interest connected with a study of the ornithology of the coun-
tries bordering on the Pacific and the islands in the Pacific are
numerous, important and fascinating. No more enticing field
exists. Any one who will give to the Department of Orni-
thology a small endowment to be used in the scientific and eco-
nomic study of our birds will be rendering a real public service.

4. Mammalogy.—What has been said regarding an endow-
ment for the study of birds applies with equal force to mam-
mals. <A similar endowment for this department is very much
needed.

5. Educational Extension Endowment.—I have on former
occasions called attention to the “N. W. Harris Public School
Extension of Field Museum of Natural History” and the splen-
did work it is doing for the children of Chicago. Mr. Harris
gave to the Field Museum the sum of $250,000, the income
from which is devoted to educational work such as only a
museum can do. There is no good reason why some public
spirited citizen of California who loves children and who wishes
to help them should not give the Academy a like sum of
$250,000 for the same purpose.

Va. VII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917 345

6. Library.—The entire library of the Academy was lost in’
the fire of 1906. Through the generosity of other institutions
and of friends of the Academy a very creditable library has
been built up in the last 12 years. But the income of the
Academy does not permit a growth of the library commensu-
rate with the Academy’s needs. A great library of the natural
and physical sciences should be built up in San Francisco. An
endowment of $200,000 would make this possible. May we
not hope that this need will appeal to some one who is able and

willing to do this splendid thing for San Francisco and the
state ?

7. Exploration of the North Pacific.—In my report for 1914
attention was called to the importance of exploration and in-
vestigation of the North Pacific. This should be a compre-
hensive physical and biological survey. It should include all
the problems of oceanography, meteorology, zoology, botany,
ethnology and anthropology connected with the North Pacific.
This would be a big undertaking and would require a big en-
dowment, but the problems are many and stupendous in their
scientific and practical importance. !t can be underaken only
with large funds and would never be completed in all its phases ;
hence the need of a permanent endowment.

STR HG) Vaesencta rey sites (name of donor) North Pacific Ex-
ploration and Research Endowment of the California Academy
of Sciences” would be a proper name and two and a half million
dollars would be the proper amount.

The Council of the Academy and the Director of the Museum
hold themselves in readiness to explain and discuss details of
any and all of these suggested endowments with any one to
whom any of them appeals.

RECOM MENDATIONS

Addition to the Museum Building.—I cannot refrain from
again calling attention to the urgent need of additional room
for the proper housing of the Academy’s research collections
and the proper display of exhibition material already on hand
or which will come to the Academy just so soon as room can
be provided for its proper care. There is not a department in
the Museum that is not already seriously congested. The

346 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Serr.

majority of them need double the room they now have. There
is splendid exhibition material already on hand or in sight to
fill another wing like the present one. Moreover, the present
auditorium or lecture hall is entirely inadequate to accommo-
date the large number of people who wish to attend the Sunday
afternoon lectures. The hall, in the first place, is poorly suited
to the purpose, and seats only about 250 as a maximum num-
ber. At most of the lectures not only is every seat occupied
but from 20 to 50 people have to stand and an even greater
number are unable to get in and have to be turned away.

The East Wing should be built at the earliest possible date,
and in it, or elsewhere, should be provided an auditorium suit-
able and adequate to the immediate and future lecture and
other educational activities of the Academy.

Vor. VIL] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917 347

DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS
DEPARTMENT OF Botany

By Alice Eastwood, Curator

The Botanical Department of the California Academy of Sciences has
now been re-established for five years and a half and the herbarium has
grown from the nucleus of what was saved from the fire to a collection of
more than 45,000 specimens, all mounted, labeled, and systematically ar-
ranged. This has been accomplished with the maximum of effort and the
minimum of expense. The past year has been marked by greater progress
towards order than any preceding owing to a much increased allowance
for help, so that most of the material that had been and was accumulating
in an unlabeled condition, because it could not be attended to, has been
disposed of satisfactorily. Some old collections that had been donated to
the Academy proved almost worthless because the specimens lacked the data
necessary to give them scientific value, and had to be thrown away after
saving what could be used. Many also had been destroyed by insects.
After 10 years’ delay, the data needed for labeling the collection of plants
from the Galapagos Islands have been received and the work of labelling,
arranging and mounting that immense collection accomplished. The
flowering plants and ferns are now in the herbarium and sets of duplicates
have been distributed to the leading herbariums of the United States. The
mosses, alge, fungi and lichens still remain to be put in order, besides
numerous specimens of ferns and flowering plants for which no data have
been given and which are not alluded to in the report on the collection
published by the California Academy of Sciences.

Besides the rebuilding of the herbarium which has claimed most of the
time and energy of the Curator, many other activities towards popularizing
the science of botany have been kept up. The Botanical Department is a
place of reference free to all who wish botanical knowledge, from the
Customs House official who desires information in regard to oriental im-
importations to the child in school or the gardener in doubt concerning
the name of a cultivated plant.

The exhibition of native and cultivated flowers in bloom each labeled
with scientific name and popular name also if such there be, with the native
home, has been kept up throughout the year in the Museum and seems to
excite interest and fill a want in the community.

Lectures have been given to clubs and schools on popular botanical sub-
jects, the aim being to arouse interest and enkindle thought.

The California Botanical Club, an informal organization, which has
been in existence since 1891, holds weekly meetings or excursions to places
near by where the wild flowers grow. This club numbers about 70 mem-
bers. Some of them have given needed help in mounting specimens. Mrs.
Marian L. Campbell has mounted 4043, Mrs. Ernest Meiere 809, Mrs. G.
Earle Kelly 547, Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe 130 and Miss Allen 145. Besides this
Miss Dorothy Duff has mounted 4966 and Miss Louise Mohr 137.

348 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tH Ser.

Duplicates have been sent to the following institutions:

National Herbarium, Washington, D. C..................000-. 1385
Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Massachusetts ................ 1422
Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis ...............0ceeeuee 472
New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York .............. 338
Field. Museum! (Chicagotsc..2-520ch «ene noe enee oe eee 147
Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts ........... 137
College of Hawaii, Honolulu :......¢.00<00.-200+saaeeeecee 590

In return for these and previous distributions, there have been received
by exchange the following:

Arnold) Atbore tum ess csi c.aoa:8e4's oe says oslanieminse ooae eel noes 585
Clokey.. Mawes ee ctancc asics aan eae PCE 22
Gray Herbarium A. faves + sails coarcacie ceeysies sae eaaine nations winene 1410
Missotri BotantealiGarden: <6. s:0.0/¢ as:s.0.0 cia <5 ciereeic 00's 0s onl aes 97
Rock J. F. (College of Hawaii Honolulu)................... 98
Shireves Porrests, 2-20. accous ameter cine nates tac clic Reet 120
Stantord! University sci oss ic cinerea ee «oe seis ov rayere cheteievatie ht osurae 1200
United States National Herbarium ................0.ecceeee 2306

Received by Purchase:

Arnold Arboretum, 912 specimens of Wilson collection from China;
Hasse collection of Lichens, 145 specimens.

Received by Exploration:

Miss Eastwood, 775 specimens;
Galapagos Expedition 2087 specimens.

Sixty-three people gave botanical specimens whose names and number
of specimens will appear on the list of accessions.

A botanical excursion was made in April to the Grand Canyon and over
the Apache Trail from Phoenix to the Roosevelt Dam. The specimens
collected, representing 349 numbers and numerous duplicates, have not yet
been fully studied and are still unmounted and not incorporated in the
herbarium. They will form the basis of a paper on the flora of the Grand
Canyon which I hope to prepare.

In July Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Miller invited me to accompany them
on their yacht “The Yankee” to Santa Cruz and Santa Catalina islands.
Owing to the extreme dryness of the season the collection of 165 numbers
consisted chiefly of the woody plants since there was scarcely even a trace
left of the herbaceous vegetation.

Mr. Wm. F. Herrin invited me to a week-end trip to Shasta Springs in
September, and even at that late time 79 numbers were added.

Another week-end trip in October to the Pinnacles in San Benito County
as the guest of Mr. and Mrs. G. Earle Kelly added 38 woody plants to the
collection and some duplicates.

Vor. VII) EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917 349

THE INVENTORY OF THE HERBARIUM

Flowering Plants and Ferns—

Genera Species Specimens
2331 12,507 43,604
Lichens—
87 241 254
Mosses—
150 345 738
2568 13,093 44,596

To these should be added the 2171 specimens saved from the fire, making
a total of 46,767 mounted and classified specimens.

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
By E. P. Van Duzee, Curator

The present report covers the activities of the department of Entomology
for the year 1917-1918.

In my report for last year it was stated that the most urgent duty of the
curator during the year would be the classification and arrangement of the
North American material now in the Academy collection, and this aii has
been constantly before me during the year now closing. It is true that
but a start has really been made but that little has done much to increase
the value and usefulness of the collection. All of the Coleoptera, or beetles,
have been assorted into families and a considerable portion of the Diptera
and Hymenoptera, the work in the latter order having been done for us
by Prof. J. C. Bradley of Cornell University. In the determination and
arrangement of the material in the various families of insects that have
been assembled we have been fortunate in securing the assistance of a
number of specialists all of whom have given their time and labor without
material recompense. Dr. Frank FE. Blaisdell has worked up three families
of beetles including over 23) specimens and has five smaller families now
in his hands, work on which is well advanced. Mr. Ralph Hopping has
attended to two families numbering 650 specimens; Prof. H. C. Fall of
Pasadena, one family of about 300 specimens, and Prof. Wickham of
Iowa State University, one of 70 specimens. In the Hymenoptera, Prof.
J. C. Bradley has worked up most of the aculeate forms, or the wasps,
numbering 667 specimens; Mr. Dickenson of Sacramento has studied one
family of the Diptera, the Syrphide or flower flies, numbering 554 speci-
mens; Prof. J. M. Aldrich of Purdue University 27 specimens of kelp-
flies, and my brother, M. C. Van Duzee of Buffalo, the Dolichopodide, 77
specimens. In the Lepidoptera Dr. R. Ottolengui of New York has
studied and returned to us the Plusiini, a small group of brightly colored
owlet moths, recorded last year as having been sent to him for study.
Many scattering determinations have been made in other families of in-
sects by myself and others which have done much to enhance the value of

350 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4m Ser.

the collections of the Academy, and considerable routine work has been
done in the mounting and labelling not only of accumulated material
already in the collection but also of that collected by the curator in his
field work and a portion of that received by gift from others, in which
work the department has received efficient help from Miss Alma Krauss
of Oakland who has acted as departmental assistant at intervals during
the past year.

Accessions to the department of Entomology for the year number 23,696
specimens, of which 6518 were obtained by the curator in his field work
and 17,178 were received by gift from various friends of the institution.
This presented material includes several collections worthy of special men-
tion. Most valuable of all is the series of 7662 insects, mostly western
Lepidoptera, presented by Mr. F. X. Williams formerly of San Francisco
but now of Honolulu. The butterflies and moths in this collection were
largely determined by specialists and it is, with perhaps a single exception,
the most valuable collection of Lepidoptera on the coast. Another fine
collection of butterflies and moths, numbering 1737 specimens mostly de-
termined by specialists, was presented by Mr. E. J. Newcomer of Palo Alto.
Other notable additions to the department are a collection of about 500
microscopic slides of Japanese plant-lice, containing a considerable
number of types, determined and presented by Prof. E. O. Essig of the
University of California; a collection of about 2400 California He-
miptera accumulated and presented by Mr. W. M. Giffard of Honolulu;
about 1700 insects presented by Dr. Frank C. Clark of Los Angeles;
and nearly 500 beetles received from Dr. Frank Daggett of the Los
Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art.

In the line of publications the curator has to report the completion of
his Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico, a work of
over 900 pages issued by the University of California as one of their series
of semi-centennial publications, and a report on the collection of California
Hemiptera made by Mr. Walter M. Giffard already mentioned. This
report includes the descriptions of 50 new forms the types of which have
been placed in the collections of the Academy.

The field work of the curator during the past year included one week
at Bradley and Bryson in Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties, and
four weeks in southern California where work was done at Coachella,
Palm Springs and Colton, and at San Jacinto, Soboba Springs, and Keen
Camp in the San Jacinto Mountains. In addition, single days were spent
at Los Angeles, on Mt. Wilson, and Mt. Diablo, and at a few localities
about San Francisco Bay.

Probably the most important work demanding attention in this depart-
ment for the coming year is the classification and arrangement of the col-
lection of butterflies and moths, of which the Academy now has a really
fine series. The basis of the Academy’s collection in this order will be
the Williams material already mentioned. Determinations in the other
insect orders will also be pushed as rapidly as possible, for not until this
material is worked up can our collections be made available to the sys-
tematists of this country, or in the preparation of ecological and systematic
groups for public exhibition.

Vou. VII} EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1017 351

DEPARTMENT OF HERPETOLOGY

By John Van Denburgh, Curator

At the beginning of the year 1917 the Academy’s collection of reptiles
and amphibians numbered 33,816. There have been added during the year
1635 specimens, so that we now have 35,451 specimens.

A few specimens have been received as gifts, a few more in exchange,
but by far the larger number have resulted from field work carried on by
the members of the Department in various parts of California. Thus, 1519
specimens have been collected in this state, while only 116 have originated
elsewhere.

The California specimens have been secured in 18 counties as follows:

Gontra 1 Costays. icc wc vice stetaerie be epstorserw eels aie 66 specimens
RGGID Ses Bes siajaie ach sjorettayatarigesaial er stele atten ERS: heals. Biss 26 .
ToswAnigeles: vs.e.drieme aovtare Cree ayoeie erate s[oake siauieiais sve"s 1 ss
INAlea ri riil sessarasielars via loracagu tel xmtactore bia: olar ooiaroantiertte ewe eas 2 He
Mle md Ocinoy trans trareacters eroveseie et tern steve ios sto aimianshe saree 29 be
IMPOn ter eyes sueisia-dcis.suoronstavahaversraccslenstepeyebetenalecolertia dhe svareieie 43 ia
RAV erSid et aj asiie stort nisieaiiene bejealow rolenls orate ete mera oes 387 ss
Sam eB Oma, pies ace tia oe auetenoxe esepeestore tere Cia eve inane elt oye. Z e
Sane Bernardino. acts ctersticlervecte slerstlen ceteamiadstanies 814 2
Saris biraniciscOm ci icrestcussune oes n'ont votas lemmas teenie 2 e
SAID JOA CUI Bayelsa) caper sissies he evePancie Sete eres) deiestvsca 66> 4 S
Sanmlsuisy ObiSpossensicactasecie seth asoiveswiecs nearest 122 S
Sane Wate osescret sstevesele caver epets ie Great eve otovars ots ore ecarayevecse one 2
Saritany Claas syore,saaceeots abet oyorevaiens) orvsyatararaieut orang eral ehave 6 <
SISKIV OLE Se yurss mcs 2s sh srmysrocale arava oes osksaiaroie sts ots suis este elecace 7 =
SOlanOi scrrayeectasae auc nrsteireiatoe ars SaQune oereeinterers ameter 1 3
SONOMA orsye coerced sais eicievsies cicTeVieleaasiele to tole wuetateeewaieretes 4 se
Vier BUT Ar paioayetiiavats, oie ayaha, Norstecstoraver uvelsle ein seisierveaeroe il fe
Total ‘California’ SpecimensS./.s54.5.. 6 2c secre ne « 1519

Specimens from other localities are:

UASTHIZ OM AN yateveca se Tote S eRe wietaTane, erste area wi Plates sieitieie ete 9
cl aphone case ats ahi itotrard oad lela Wisi @oterane ates 28
ElOridaitatecat tener nacoctneite as ctiotsittees s os.e 4
IMRISSAGHUSELES sire Rees icreycralpelatersic Slais ahevcyere.e areca’ 2
IMMTSSISSIpp Tamera spesrer crcarcrecs crorcverotes aye celotsiers orejeie siers 1
IMichigamp i persem cs atc srelciesstes « vie Awaie aisle siete sie 4
ING via ane r ererers stevatetcisrseais cre ctovsio sialelevsl erevelendisioere ciate 1
INlewaiJlenSeysiieiccessetstcistelevasrctolvsesacelnnes,cverscdisisteye e/a" 1
INGwaavorkstytoearsn teenie cess sreicheiees shook cine 1
North Garo linatiacctecnt gee ste ieeiectiecisiaects 59
South Garolinaunrreivscticss coccinea tetris ate 2
CIES TAG ABER nb RRO CERES an cities cer kee rico 2
IME RICO cl atetelese cleiai eile motile cols mals ale alerelorstonciorete 2
116 116

1635

352 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tH Ser.

These specimens include 1333 lizards, 90 snakes, 29 turtles, 39 frogs, 25
toads, and 3 salamanders.

The classification and arrangement of the collection was continued during
the year, with the necessary separation, identification, rebottling, labeling
and card-cataloguing of the specimens, The collection of lizards is now
nearly all classified and arranged and much progress has been made with
the snakes.

Considerable research work has been done during the year. The gopher
and garter snakes of the Pacific States have received especial attention
and a number of new facts regarding them have been discoverd which
will be published later. In this connection we have been enabled, through
the courtesy of Dr. Gilbert of Stanford, and Dr. Grinnell of the University
of California, to make use of several hundred snakes belonging to those
institutions.

Two papers were published during the year; one on the reptiles of
Guam, and the other concerning the soft-shelled turtle Aspidonectes cali-
forniana,

It is hoped that the field work of the department in its survey of the
reptiles of the Pacific States may be continued with increasing vigor during
the coming year. Much work along these lines yet remains to be done,
especially in Oregon, California and Arizona.

The number of specimens added during each of the past six years has
been about as follows:

MOTD cerancreve ape sate eee Gee feovaece aac eaten cy ere SOEs eee 3500 specimens
WOU ere See ire Seles reste ac (oy eRe ane ae ee enc 2700 =
1) ER ee sae Pe PRP Ocean ae a toe PENT 800 ps
AGS <TAaR ree ere os aici crce essa ie See pee en eters 800 a
V91G) toacy sezrcrnes eitwin a watiore’s sain gearae a ystecleierapeae ts a 1500
MORZ: sale ces see iaa ds orelnce aitares eee re eee iatelaaer 1600 :

DEPARTMENT OF INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY
By Roy E. Dickerson, Cuyator

With an increased appropriation for field work, clerical assistance and
equipment the department has been able to accomplish some very neces-
sary field work in southern California and in Sonoma County. Laboratory
studies on the Eocene and Oligocene of Peru, an upper Pleistocene fauna
near Tomales Bay, the fauna of Carrizo Creek beds of San Diego County,
descriptions of species of Martinez and Tejon Eocene of California and
some lacustrine species from the Petaluma lake beds, are now in course of
preparation.

All of the marine shells of the Hemphill conchological collection have
been numbered and placed in cabinet cases or exhibited. The gastropods
have been systematically arranged in cabinet cases and work upon the
pelecypods is progressing. A portion of a large loan collection from the
California State Mining Bureau has been arranged and numbered. The
type specimens have been segregated. The curator has been very efiiciently
aided in this work by Mr. John Carlson and Mr. Georges Vorbe.

New fossils of upper and lower Eocene age from the Simi Hills are
being described by the curator. These forms are unusually well preserved

Vor. VII) EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917 353

and they will add some information as to the life of the Eocene in the
southern part of the state.

A general report upon the geology and paleontology of the Marysville
Buttes, an ancient volcano of the Sacramento Valley, is in course of
preparation.

Mr. Clark Gester, geologist, Standard Oil Co., is preparing a geological
and stratigraphic report upon a portion of the Peruvian coast and the
curator is contributing the paleontological data upon this interesting field.
A portion of these rocks are upper Eocene in age while the rest of the
tertiary sandstones and shales are Oligocene or Miocene.

The study of the molluscan fauna of the Carrizo Creek beds, San Diego
County, has already yielded some interesting results in showing that we
have a fauna upon the present Pacific Coast whose affinities are Atlantic.
This fauna was also collected from sandstones in San Gorgonio Pass by
Mr. Frank Vaughan. Dr. L. F. Noble and the curator hope to find some
stratigraphic connections between these beds and the landlaid deposits of
that region during the next year.

Geological mapping in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Quadrangles has
progressed during the past year and an excellent Pliocene fauna from
Wilson’s ranch in Santa Rosa Valley was obtained. As noted above, con-
siderable paleontological information has been obtained as well.

Dr. L. F. Noble of the U. S. Geological Survey and the curator spent
six weeks in the field in southern California in an elongated area extend-
ing from Tejon Pass to Cajon Pass in the San Andreas Rift Zone. Much
new information concerning the type of faulting and its topographic expres-
sion along this famous rift was obtained. A stratigraphic relation between
the Santa Margarita, marine upper Miocene of the Pacific Province and
the landlaid deposits which are apparently Barstow Miocene of the Great
Basin Province, was discovered and their essential synchrony proved. The
geological and paleontological history of this portion of southern Cali-
fornia is of particular importance not only to the student of geology but
to the naturalist who desires to study the distribution of plants and animals,
because his problems are peculiarly tied to the past in this region of great
recent mountain building. Some field work is yet to be completed in this
interesting region.

Mr. F. M. Anderson is preparing a report upon the paleontology and
stratigraphy of the northern Colombian coast, South America. This work
is particularly important, for rarely in the Antillean Province can satis-
factory stratigraphy be obtained, but Mr. Anderson’s work will aid greatly
in solving some of the problems of the Caribbean.

The curator and other members of the Academy have prepared and
published within the year a number of papers and reports based on the
department’s collections. These are listed in the President’s report.

Many kind friends of the Academy have made donations during the
year. The most important accession is a loan collection of fossils from
the California State Mining Bureau. This collection has much valuable
reference material in it and many of Dr. J. G. Cooper’s type specimens
have been segregated. A detailed list of donations is set forth in the
Director's report.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER.

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DEPARTMENT OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
By W. K. Fisher, Curator

Field work was done at three places on the Pacific Coast.

Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd made an extensive collection of marine
invertebrates at Friday Harbor, in the region of Puget Sound, Wash-
ington. Shore forms and those occurring in moderate depths were taken.

In cooperation with the University of Southern California a dredging
trip was attempted in the vicinity of Santa Cruz Island, with their dredg-
ing boat, the Anton Dohrn. Owing to unfortunate accidents to machinery
and cable this did not result in many specimens. In lieu of these, the
University of Southern California substituted a number of duplicates from
their general collection.

A little collecting was done in June at Monterey Bay by Mr. A. W. War-
nock and the curator.

Report OF THE LIBRARIAN FOR 1917
By Edward P. Van Duzee, Assistant Librarian

The work done in the library during the past year has been largely of
a routine character, although some advance has been made toward render-
ing the main collection of books more available to the student. The series
of periodicals and society publications in foreign languages have been
collated and arranged alphabetically in the lower library room and the
shelves properly labeled so these sets are now as readily accessible as are
those in the English language in the main reading room. One hundred
and twenty-six lineal feet of shelving have been added in the reading room,
all but the lowest and uppermost of which have supplemental shelves inter-
polated, this portion being used for the temporary shelving of current
serials, thus making it more convenient for students to learn what has
been published recently that may be of interest to them. In the lower
library room 128 lineal feet of shelving have been erected for geological
publications, and in the store room 416 lineal feet for duplicates and other
reserved material.

Additions to the library during the year number 749 bound volumes
and many excerpts and other pamphlets which have not yet been acces-
sioned but many of which are of much value. These accessions are in
addition to the periodicals and society publications received by exchange
and from other sources.

In planning for another year it seems very desirable that an assistant
be made available for at least a part of the time to attend to the acces-
sioning and cataloguing ofthe departmental collections and of books added
during the year as well as to keep up certain routine work connected with
the care of the main library, and that a reasonable sum of money be set
aside for the binding of serial sets that are liable to loss and mutilation in
their present form. It also seems proper that something be allotted to the
departmental libraries for the purchase of books, as scientific workers are
placed at a serious disadvantage if unable to procure certain books
important to the problems they may have in hand.

VoL. VII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917

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APPENDIX TO THE DIRECTOR’S REPORT

List or AccEssIons TO Museum AND Lizrary, 1917

Aldrich, Prof. J. M.: 58 specimens of Diptera taken in San Francisco. Gift.

American Museum of Natural History: Two toads from Massachusetts :
2 toads from North Carolina; 1 snake, 1 frog from South Carolina;
2 frogs and 2 turtles from Florida; 2 frogs from Texas; 1 turtle from
New York; 1 turtle from Moon Lake, Mississippi; 1 turtle from
Sayreville, New Jersey. Exchange.

Arnold Arboretum: 585 botanical specimens. Exchange.
912 botanical specimens of the Wilson Collection from China. Purchase.

Australian Government, through the Commissioner at San Francisco:
41 specimens of granite and marble columns, slabs and cubes: 90
specimens of minerals; 2 exhibition stands for minerals; 37 glass
saucers for displaying minerals; 26 photographs of Australian scenery;
6 bottles of eucalyptus oils; several bundles of Australian tobacco; 82
specimens of Australian native woods; 3 wood panels each 5’x6'; 4
slope-top exhibition cases; 2 flat-top exhibition cases; 3 square exhi-
bition cases; 4 pedestals of native Australian woods; 3 chairs of native
Australian woods; 6 specimens of Australian mammals; 5 specimens
of Australian birds. Gift.

Baker, Drs. Fred and Charlotte: 99 botanical specimens from Borneo and
China and 220 botanical specimens chiefly from Formosa Island. Gift.

Blaisdell, Dr. F. E.: 10 Cicadas and 4 Solpugids taken in Lake County,
‘Cal.; 149 beetles, filling vacancies in the Academy’s collection in genus
Eleodes ; 23 beetles. Gift.

Broksch, Mrs. A., Stockton: Specimen of petrified wood. Gift.

Burbank, Luther: One botanical specimen. Gift.

Campbell, Mrs. Marian L.: 3 botanical specimens from New Mexico and
1 specimen from California. Gift.

Carlson, John I.: 1 lizard and 162 insects taken in Sonoma County, Cal.;
20 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Chastain, J. H.: 14 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Chittenden, Alice B.: 5 botanical specimens. Gift.

Clark, Mr. B. Preston: 252 western Lepidoptera. Gift.

Clark, Dr. Frank C.: 1716 insects. Gift.

Clark, Dr. Frank C.: 49 separates and pamphlets. Gift.

Clegg, Colin Eastwood: 38 botanical specimens from Washington. Giit.

Clemens, Mrs. Joseph: 35 plants from Texas. Gift.

Clokey, Ira W.: 22 botanical specimens from ‘Colorado. Exchange.

Cole, Blanche Dougan: One exotic plant. Gift,

Cole, Grenville, A. J., Dublin, Ireland: 2 pamphlets. Gift.

Cole Kate E.: 1 botanical specimen from California. Gift.

Coombes Mrs. A. L.: 54 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Crowfort Dr. W. M. Beeches, Suffolk, England: 155 determined butter-
flies of India. Received through Mr. C. L. Fox of San Francisco.
Gift.

356 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

Daggett, Dr. Frank: 476 beetles. Gift.

Davidson, W. M.: 6 Diptera. Gift.

Davis, Horace: 91 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Dixon, Prof. W. Macneile, London, England: 23 pamphlets. Gift.

Dudley, Mr. Orrin, San Anselmo: Iowa Journal of History and Politics,
Vols. 1, 2 and 3. American Historical Association, Annual Report
for the years 1894-95-96; Smithsonian Institution, Annual Report for
the years 1897, 1886, Part 2; Report of the U. S. National Museum, 1
pamphlet. Gift.

Eastwood, Miss Alice, California Academy of Sciences: Collections of
botanical specimens as follows: 141 specimens from Pinnacles, Santa
Barbara and San Francisco; 54 specimens from Apache Trail, Ari-
zona; 76 native of California and 61 exotics; 266 exotics from various
localities, as well as 85 from Santa Cruz Island and 92 from Santa
Catalina. Exploration.

Evermann, Dr. Barton Warren, Director of the Museum, California
Academy of Sciences: 116 botanical specimens, chiefly Californian; 14
Diptera and 4 beetles taken on the Farallon Islands; International
Code of Zoological Nomenclature as applied to Medicine by Ch.
Wardell Stiles; Miscellaneous articles. (See list.) Gift.

Evermann, William H., Burlington, Indiana: A collection of 215 bird eggs
collected in Carroll County, Indiana, by the late Edwin C. Evermann.
Gift.

Erwin, Richard P., Boise, Idaho: 6 toads, 1 frog, 2, snakes and 19 sala-
manders. Gift.

Fauntleroy, Sophie: 61 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Fox, C. F.: 1 botanical specimen. Gift.

Fox, C. L.: 48 insects taken in Mono County, Cal. Gift.

Galapagos Expedition: 2087 botanical specimens. Exploration.

Gehrman, Ella: 30 botanical specimens from Teller, Alaska. Gift.

Giffard, Mr. W. M., Honolulu: 2467 California insects, mostly Hemiptera.
Gift.

Gilbert, Dr. G. K., Washington, D. C.: A collection of 68 photographs to
the herbarium. Gift.

Goldsmith, Oliver: One botanical specimen. Gift.

Goodman, Dr. E.: 13 Turbo; 23 Nerita; 1 Bulimus (?); 4 pieces of
madrepora coral; 2 valves of Hemicardium (?); 2 trilobites (Caly-
mene blumenbachii), Cincinnati, Ohio, 1874, E. Goodman; 1 centipede.
Gift.

Gray Herbarium: 1410 botanical specimens. Exchange.

Grinnell, Fordyce: 3 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Hand, Mrs. Harry: 2 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Hawver, Mrs. Elizabeth Parsons: 121 botanical specimens from California ;
Pipe made by Lake Superior Indians, dating 1856; 15 bound vol-
umes of Bureau of American Ethnology publications; Proceed-
ings California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series to date;
California Water Birds No. 5; also 15 pamphlets. Gift.

Vot. VII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917 357

Heath, Dr. Harold: 23 botanical specimens from St. Paul Island, Alaska.
Gift.

Heiskell, W. K., Madera, Cal.: From Yukon Territory, Alaska, fossil
elephant teeth. Gift.

Herrin, William F.: 1 botanical specimen; 6 numbers of the Botanical
Gazette. Gift.

Herring, Joseph: Marine Eocene fossils from Sespe Creek, near Fill-
more, California; a collection of 12 bird skins (representing 10
species) from California; 4 botanical specimens from Califor-
nia. Gift.

Hill, C. A.: 166 insects from Prescott, Arizona. Gift.

Holm, Adolph: 6 botanical specimens from California: 33 botanical
specimens from Golden Gate Park. Gift.

Howard, Edward: 1 botanical specimen from California. Gift.

Hutchinson, Miss M. Louise: 1 botanical specimen from California. Gift.

Jannopoulos, Miss Alberta: 1 lizard from Los Angeles County, Cal. Gift.

Kahn, Otto H.: 1 pamphlet. Gift.

Kelly, Mrs. G. Earle: 245 botanical specimens collected at Mt. Rainier,
Glacier National Park, and in California; 247 botanical specimens from
Hawaii. Gift.

King, Miss Alice: 5 botanical specimens from various places. Gift.

Krauss, William: 1 snake from Mt. Diablo. Gift.

Kusche, J. August: 2 boxes of insects from Arizona; 17 botanical
specimens from Arizona. Gift.

Lawrence, Rev. E., Antioch, Cal.: From Contra Costa County, 3 snakes,
1 lizard and 1 toad. Gift.

Leach, E. R.: 19 beetles from Colombia. Gift.

Lebenbaum, L., San Francisco: A collection of fossil and recent
shells. Gift.

Loomis, L. M.: Annual Report American Museum of Natural His-
tory, 1905; 55 pamphlets. Gift.

Maginnis, Olive: 1 botanical specimen. Gift.

Mailliard, J. & J. W.: 31 sets of eggs (103 specimens) of the Violet-green
Cormorant from St. Lasaria Island, Alaska; a collection of 36 bird
skins (representing 12 species) from California. Gift.

Marks, Paul Lindsay: 1 nest trap-door spider from Lemon Cove,
Tulare County, Cal. Gift.

Masters, Cornelia S.: 1 Californian botanical specimen. Gift.

McCallum, Donald: 1 Californian botanical specimen. Gift.

McDonald, Miss Julia: 24 Californian botanical specimens. Gift.

McLaren, John: 10 botanical specimens from British Columbia. Gift.

Meiere, Mrs. Ernest: 32 botanical specimens from various localities. Gift.

Menzies, Robert: 5 botanical specimens. Gift.

Milford, Humphrey, London: Several numbers of The Periodical, 1917.
Gift.

Miller, Homer: 7 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Miller Irving: 4 botanical specimens from various places. Gift.

Missouri Botanical Garden: 97 botanical specimens. Exchange.

Mitchell Mrs. M. P.: 6 termites. Gift.

358 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser.

Moore, Justin P.: 151 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Newcomer, E. J.: 1737 specimens of Lepidoptera. An excellent and
valuable collection of well-mounted and determined material. Gift.

Noble, Dorothy Evans: 2 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Noble, L. F., and Dickerson, Roy E.: Fossils from San Gregorio
Pass, California. Exploration.

New York Botanical Garden: 780 botanical specimens from Jamaica.
Exchange.

Nuttall, Mrs. Zelia: 83 Hawaiian ferns. Gift.

Oldroyd, Mrs. Ida S.: A collection of shells from the South Sea
Islands. Exploration.

Ottolengui, Dr. R.: 94 Plusias, many of them from Mr. Fordyce
Grinnell. Gift.

Parker, Sir Gilbert: Numerous pamphlets on the war. Géiit.

Piper, Mrs., San Francisco: 4 boxes of shells and curios from various
localities. Gift.

Probert, Mrs. Edward: 1 botanical specimen; from Eureka, Nevada, speci-
men Crystals of Arragonite (Carbonate of Lime), from the big cave
in the Richmond Mine, Ruby Hill. Gift.

Purdy, Carl: 2 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Reagan, Albert B., Ignacio, Colorado: 1 bound volume and 10 pamphlets.
Gift.

Reed, C. A.: 13 botanical specimens from Santa Cruz County, Cal.
Gift.

Reynolds, L. R.: 11 numbers of Academy publications. Gift.

Rix, E. H.: 1 beetle (Polyphylla 10-lineata) from near San Jose, Cal.
Gift.

Rixford, Dr. Emmet: 23 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Rixford, G. P.: 27 botanical specimens, chiefly exotics. Gift.

Rock, J. G.: 33 botanical specimens from California and 65 specimens of
Hawaiian Lobeliacex, duplicate types among them. Exchange.

Rosenberg, Mrs. Alice: 9 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

San Francisco Aquarium Association through Mr. Perry B. Clark: 1 bal-
anced aquarium fully equipped with plants, fishes, mollusks, etc. Gift.

Shreve, Forrest: 60 Arizona plants, many new to the collection, and 60
other botanical specimens. Exchange.

Slevin, J. R.: 1 rare beetle (Dystdxia elegans) from Woodside, Cal.
Gift. 57 lizards, 1 snake, fromr Contra Costa County, Cal. Exploration.

Smith, Emily S.: 9 botanical specimens. Gift.

Smith, L. E.: 173 botanical specimens from California. Gift.

Smith, R. H.: 29 Hemiptera from San Francisco and 14 specimens of
Eutettix tenella from Colombia, South America. Gift.

Stanford University: 1200 botanical specimens from California. Exchange.

Stewart, Miss Collena: 2 botanical specimens from Mendocino County,
Cal. Gift.

Stonehouse, Mrs. Mabel: 4 botanical specimens from Siskiyou County,
Cal. Gift.

Vor. VII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917 359

Sumner, Prof. F. B., La Jolla: Five nests of trap-door spider. Gift.

Sutliffe, Mrs. E. C.: 7 botanical specimens from California, Gift.

Syme, George: 2 ferns. Gift.

Taylor, Frank: 1 botanical specimen from California. Gift.

Thompson, Miss Crystal: 3 frogs from Alger County, Michigan. Exchange.

Thompson, David G.: 6 botanical specimens from Mohave Desert.
Gift.

Treuholtz, Mrs. C. A.: A collection of 748 bird eggs, representing many
species. Gift.

United States Department of Agriculture: 266 volumes and pamphlets.
Gift.

United States Fisheries Steamer Albatross: 241 specimens of shells, fishes,
ete. Gift.

United States Bureau of Fisheries Biological Station, Beaufort, N. C.: 49
specimens of reptiles and 8 specimens of amphibians. Gift.

United States National Herbarium: 150 botanical specimens from Canary
Islands; 190 Cryptogams, 145 ferns, 785 mounted sheets from
Biltmore Herbarium; 1036 miscellaneous sheets of botanical
specimens. Exchange.

Van Denburgh, Dr. John: 1 salamander from Los Gatos, Cal. Gift.

Van Denburgh, John, and Slevin, J. R.: 1 rattlesnake from San Mateo
County Cal. Exploration.

Van Denburgh, John, Slevin, J. R., and McGuire, I. W.: From Riv-
erside County, 5 snakes, 340 lizards, 23 toads, 9 frogs; from San
Bernardino County, 9 snakes; 814 lizards, 2 frogs, 4 tortoises;
from Mohave County, Arizona, 9 lizards: from Santa Clara
County, 3 snakes; from Monterey County, 10 snakes, 34 lizards;
from San Benito County, 1 snake; from San Luis Obispo County,
18 snakes, 78 lizards, and 19 frogs; from Kern County, 12 snakes, 7
lizards, 1 toad, 12 turtles. Exploration.

Van Duzee, E. P.: 20 insects collected at Stanford University; 1131 speci-
mens of insects from Bradley and Bryson; 4846 specimens of insects
from Coachella, Palm Springs, Colton, San Jacinto, Soboba Springs
and Keen Camp, Riverside County; 91 specimens of insects from Mt.
Diablo; 85 insects collected at Berkeley and San Francisco; 17 moths
from Berkeley; 111 insects from Los Angeles; 143 insects from Mt.
Wilson; 74 insects from San Francisco; 83 specimens of Hymen-
optera from San Diego. Exploration.

490 insects from the curator’s earlier collections made mostly in San
Diego County, California, and the West Indies, 2 botanical speci-
mens. Gift.

Van Dyke, Dr. Edwin C.: 70 botanical specimens from Lake Tahoe region;
27 bred parasitic Hymenoptera. Gift.

Von Hoffmann, Mrs. Charles: 20 volumes and 34 pamphlets.

Walter, Frank: 20 botanical specimens. Gift.

Ware, William H., San Francisco: 3 obsidian spear heads dug up in 1883
or 1884,on the Jamacha ranch 12 miles east of San Diego; one
$500.00 Confederate Bond, one Confederate note of $50.00, and
one Confederate note of $100.00. Gift.

360 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tu Ser.

Weeks Andrew Gray: Illustrations of Diurnal Lepidoptera 2 volumes.
Gift.

Welch, Paul S., Ann Arbor, Michigan: 4 pamphlets. Gift.

Werm, Richard: 1 rattlesnake from San Mateo County. Gift.

Wickes, Miss Ethel: 37 botanical specimens from ‘California. Gift.

Wilkens, Mrs. Johanna E.: 1 book. Gift.

Williams, F. X.: 7662 insects (an important collection of authoritatively
determined Lepidoptera) and 649 books, periodicals and pamphlets.
Gift.

Wolcott, George: A collection of shells from Philippine Islands. Gift.

Wooster, John: 1 terrapin from San Francisco and 17 pamphlets. Gift.

Wright, Mrs. Elizabeth: 45 botanical specimens from Mono Lake. Gift.

Vor. VIT] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 10917

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

REPORT OF THE TREASURER
for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1918

April 1, 1917, Balance due Crocker National Bank..

Receipts

I) ES we rarrrers eee tke Sine eae atta uae a aaiaeemsen Gere $ 1,479.75
Charles Crocker Scientific Fund Endowment

TMG OM Cheater serrstetels. Saies.s remiralohesctslsheneyeusie, reeraieranees 1,199.81
James Lick Endowment Income............... 48,286.44
Generalidincome: sas tstiscsciieeio ce eniecs vars nets 15,000.00
BilisBavableres, sce o.cre cao cisinenieisisidicuesiesavapauareyerereyeis ore 1,500.00
John W. Hendrie Income Account...............- 675.00
Herbert Fleishhacker Donation ................08 2,500.00
ASK, Macomber’ Donationy 22 tcc... tec cen wee eee 3,000.00
Wiss Gee Watton ta JEN tia dl teeaae cts aves ic atciatetatenatersielsioisieissvexe 61.00
Sun ditiysAdvancest cs :crsrcias cicie aves ome siaveverocaycusfeie sors; sieiniers 100.26
MTTS TALI Cen aise eetotaeloreuers aiaitde ths tonenclonevate joy onisyors arava nesters 147.55
INGTES@UAIIAL | Soapeae pics ce tetra te eave auake ay arts crovouavarelererenere ete 123.95
PU ication cecd wasicle ome hove aa inie srarses ara teese cians epetrarette 152.65
Post Gardb:Sallesivascc cer ercntos anyelei nee nists eevelalesl cine 481.20
Stimedrye ACCOuttse reset cayetece hforass: nsele diandialereueroate-mialsy overs 25.10

361

$ 1,992.19

$74,732.71

$72,740.52

362 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser.

REPORT OF THE TREASURER—Continued

Receipts
Brought forward,—total receipts..............0005
Expenditures

EXPENSE sis. j5,5141c,0.e6,erdso stele ee oinacetes Siete ewe ne eee $2,338.69
General Salary Expense........000.0sc0c0000ec00es 12,494.17
Bills Payable: 25 acces cscanis Gcmmieeeesisieacts arene 13,500.00
UTISUTANCEY se yacsaay-saysievelets c/a) siarwiensreteleeveid ciaisraieierars eee as 843.49
AMEETOSE! | cc-efecorsforscitesistereren Sans sxeicroeae seats ore Sia desea 16,067.26
Museum, Department Appropriations..... $ 9,795.98

Dept. Appro. Salaries................. 757913 17,371.11
Tabrany eeemcnestese aie saynenin eee etn ome ene ae 591.07
Publication: sam ahasowa cos cos oss selene cinosunecccune 2,793.32
Museum Construction s.. .csscasiescesns aac snes sce 167.00
Office urnitune:cacsnaace oie cee et eaateee en 134.00
Tools and Equipment. j.o..casccss ne eeneotee cole 5.40
Post tGardsi Purchased .cesesefewicaee cealescich eevee 140.85
Sundry? Creditors =: oir. ccs c.cstsins tee eee ielenioiecisine 311.28
Sundry Advances (Museum)..............200000: 1,855.00
San Joaquin Valley Water Fowl] Group............ 1,769.05
Wihite) Pelican" Group tae ns svc aoe asierereee oaiere acs 885.17
Gontingent und: Veemiss.acccvers alee ts cine -eeealertereaehaiee 273.74

March: 31, 191S‘Cash Balancevcc.s2 senese ae ness

$72,740.52

$71,540.60

$ 1,199.92

Rupotpw J. Taussic, Treasurer.

We have examined the foregoing Report of the Treasurer for the fiscal year end-
ing March 31, 1918, with the books and accounts of the California Academy of

Sciences, and we have found the same to be correct.

McLaren, Goove & Co., Certified Public Accountants.

San Francisco, Cal., April 17, 1918.
INCOME AND OPERATING EXPENSES
from April 1, 1917, to March 31, 1918

Income
Charles Crocker Scientific Fund Endowment Income $ 1,199.81
James Lick Endowment Income.................-. 48,286.44
General! Income Account :.i%.co.s<.stanasaas noes 15,000.00
DOS iia ncccane Saeatapaneaiski inion ieee eee mines 1,579.75
Expense
Salaries: 4s chee te sccin ais See eee eee ene $20,069.30
Expense; General 3..,22.060%02 +0002 2.606 $ 1,202.00
Buel eee cape eee 420.18
Blectiictty:c scans sea ciate 232.30
Telephone: 2505 6.00% 200. cme 289.18
POStAGE! acc. scav-nsis arsporetersiansietates 210.62
Stationery and Printing...... 191.10
2,545.38
Insurance: <5 sais. sos es aleereeit ces afecrasjsitee a elcaeraens 695.94
InterceStar.smsaie tease scenieneer cee eartet eater 16,067.26

$66,066.00

$39,377.88

$26,688.12

Vor. VII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1917

BALANCE SHEET
March 31, 1918

Assets
Real Estate—
Market: Streetp loti serccrs.v:esere/ase) seis ties syersieisiecsts $600,000.00
JessiemStreetie Obese. cteraeleis, sierand/e-eveisierneieisieine 8,083.65

Commercials Brutldime yeeros sic clareiavstee os sicrercree 516,818.66

Stocks—
45 Shares Savings Union Bank & Trust Co.
Miurserimid GonstriictiOmensee: sicictestorersrexoreys ce einlerevetaie
Museum—
Generali Collectionsigwran.cese tras se scl ler ce 84,277.86
MhOolsimande Hq uipMentsycrectercreielersislejevsvecereieis 12,237.04

Library—
Books) and= Equipment 5,0,01= sia: sist b> oleyriele 15,079.10
PUD ICAtOMs fo eh Nercstike cree eine cisiahecomaistalocsreaiest ans 13,749.20

Offices MurnituTe| ries. <fearacis cleats esis a ainledareveerel es

Post} Gards: AneStockss, 6 «vie wisteseleleinaecc ve wleleloreisie ti

Stindirye Advances aractsrecsrcraie ever sisteiareopotelereraustelars wise

Cash—
InGrockers Nationale Bates. ncce ac vie'eres,0scie''s 1,199.92
nies Sater ee etiioniancacamtarsea clan nat crete 76.70

Endowments—
James“ ick-Endowmenty-c.-s cine sees = $804,902.31
Chas. ‘Crocker Scientific Fund Endowment... 20,000.00
John W. Hendrie Endowment.............- 10,000.00

John W. Hendrie Endowment Income Account..
Alvordss Bequest, Botanicals. ..<c/c.s1s seers = reins
Am KeeiMacomber- Donation’ ro).<)5:0/s16(s)tvercie te s'o mnve
Wmi Hy Grocker Donation’ 2.5.2 06.42% 5006s
Wee Be Bournbonattonts vecisc fave sccistsoc elsiecve ole enya
arp Granite Dona tiomsta.-rajarejareeicicin sister orstesieuaiersia2.e
Herbert Fleishhacker Donation.................
\itial Gar \Whara ren ovts anbaaGcmmapoeancusonosaeoos
Billsteeayablewcrrtacttystecietsictielsyseisteiats ote 'aioisysiesese-eiere
Guindnys Creditorsis-insteiaa-cusise: ster s\stectars si sye!ere oie
Siig sogvecesoosvoeubbopecucmuoecoocrtoo an

$1,124,902.31

10,000.00
190,427.92

96,514.90

28,828.30
2,677.84
63.23
34.35

1,276.62
$1,454,725.47

$834,902.31
7,138.20
5,000.00
3,000.00
2,318.73
2,659.31
2,610.42
3,500.00
184.20
319,275.00
114.75
274,022.55

$1,454,725.47

W. W. SarGEANT,
Secretary of the Board of Trustees.

364 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser.

AUDITOR'S CERTIFICATE

We have examined the foregoing Balance Sheet, together with the books
and accounts of the CALirorN1A ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, and in our opinion
it is properly drawn up so as to exhibit a true and correct view of the
Academy’s affairs, as shown by the books.

McLaren, Goove & Co.

Certified Public Accountants.
San Francisco, Cal.,

April 17, 1918.

“UOL,IO[[OD ra} I “TAT TEM sPLUAO PIR) N jo s | oprut S}O SU

(oud yO [Jey Joyseq uvipuy oy ul aou109

GE 23€ld LAMSNNUD | IIA ‘1OA ‘S885 Wb “IOS ‘GVO WO ‘O00ud
——— a eae

"4

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII { GRUNSKY | Plate 36

Indian baskets from Arizona and New Mexico, a portion of the William M. Fitzhugh collection in the
Museum of the California Academy oi Sciences

=)

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. VII | GRUNSKY ] Plate

Museum of the California

A portion of the William M. Fitzhugh Indian basket collection in the
Academy of Sciences

Series, Vol. VII

— —f

aii.

A portion of the William M. Fitzhugh Indian basket collection in the Museum of the California
Academy oi Sciences

INDEX TO VOLUME VII, FOURTH SERIES.

New names in heavy-faced type

abdominalis, Eugnathodus, 302 alta, Metis, 225
Abedus macronyx, 286 alternata, Cerithiopsis, 90
abnormis, Scolops, 306 alternatus, Eurygaster, 251
Acanthias suckleyi, 15 altilira, Turritella, 128
Acanthophysa echinata, 255 Altman, William, 320, 326
Accessions to the Library, 355 alveata, Amauropsis, 50, 90
Museum, 335, 355 Alvord, William, 320
Acer circinatum, 16 Alydus scutellatus, 252
Acesta, 76 amabilis, Idiocerus, 289
Acila gettysburgensis, 163 Amauropsis alveata, 50, 90
lyalli, 15 martinezensis, 72, 195
truncata, 56 oviformis, 57, 65
species, 199 americana, Microvelia 285
Acinopterus acuminatus, 297 American Museum of Natural History, 355
Acmza pelta, 14 Ammonites gardeni, 69
simplex, 160, 162, 161 Amnicola andersoni, 213
Actgon lawsoni, 81 turbiniformis, 221
merriami, 72, 81 amoenus, Idiocerus, 289
parvum, 160, 172 amoenus pictus, Idiocerus, 289
species, 162 Amphissa corrugata, 15
Acucephalus giffardi, 293 species, 128
aculeata, Lopidea, 271 Amphiura lymani, 56, 58
acuminatus, Acinopterus, 297 sanctecrucis, 58
acutilineatus, Phacoides, 163 ampla, Lopidea, 272
acutus dubius, Platymetopius, 295 Amyela gausapata, 15
acutus, Platymetopius, 295 Anarrhichthys species, 15
Adelphocoris superbus borealis, 263 Anasa tristis, 252
adunca, Crepidula, 15 Anchura transversa, 65
eneifrons, Homemus, 251 species, 57, 65
equilateralis, Fusus, 47 Ancient Panama Canals, By Roy FE. Dick-
equilateralis, Spisula, 72, 80 erson, 197 to 205
fruginosus, Lygus, 266 Anderson, F. M., 158, 167, 180, 209, 212,
affinis, Deltocephalus, 296 223, 339
Orthotylus, 275 andersoni, Amnicola, 213
Agallia californica, 289 Anodonta, 213
lyrata, 289 andersoni, Glycimeris, 160, 166
novella, 288 andersoni, Lyria, 90, 97
sanguinolenta, 289 andersoni, Seraphs, 161, 180
ubleri, 289 andersoni, Turritella, 91, 99
Agaricia, 199 angulata, Aphrophora, 286
Agassizia clevei, 128, 138 Gypona, 293
Aitken, Dr. R. G., 321 angustipes, Lethocerus, 286
aleformis, Corbula, 76 Anodonta andersoni, 213
Leda, 71, 76, 166 kettlemanensis, 213
alba, Turris, 164 species, 223, 226
albaria, Spisula, 163 Anomia subcostata, 201
albicosta, Catonia, 306 antennata, Mecomma, 275
albidosparsa, Ceresa, 286 antevolens, Anthocoris, 262
albiger, Anthocoris, 261 Anthocoris albiger, 261
alboscripta, Empoasca, 304 antevolens, 262
albostriella, Alebra, 302 bakeri, 261
Albrecht, C. J., 328, 340 melanocerus, 261
Aldrich, Prof, J. M., 355 Anthozoa, 71, 73
Alebra albostriella, 302 Antigona glyptoconcha, 128

Aligia inscripta, 295 antillarum, Macropneustes, 128, 152, 156

366 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Apateticus bracteatus, 252
apertus, Phlepsius, 297
Aphelonema giffardi, 309
Aphrophora angulata, 286
permutata, 286
Apiomerus crassipes, 261
Aradus behrensi, 254
depictus, 253
falleni, 254
lugubris, 254
arborea, Parapulopa, 288
Arca trilineata, 217, 225, 226
trinitaria, 128
washingtoniana, 159, 166
species, 128
Archeological Notes on Western Washing-
ton and Adjacent British Columbia. By
Albert B. Reagan, 1-31
Architectonica cognata, 98
species, 128, 195
Arotostophylus uva-ursi, 16
areolata intermedia, Platypedia, 286
Arnold Arboretum, 355
Arnold, Dr. Ralph, 171, 181, 208, 212
arnoldi, Hipponyx, 160, 162, 180
arnoldi, Saxicava, 160, 171
Arphnus coriacipennis, 255
Artemisia heterophylla, 312
Artocarpus, 195
aspera, Glyphis, 14
aspersa, Empoasca, 304
Aspidonectes californiana, 38 to 85
emoryi, 33
spinifer, 33
associatus, Chlamydatus, 285
Astarte compacta, 14
perrini, 159, 168
tuscana, 59
species, 128
ater, Bythoscopus, 292
Atractotomus hesperius, 284
atratus, Strongylocoris, 270
atricolor, Geocoris, 256
atridorsum, Thamnotettix, 299
atwoodii, Ostrea, 217
Aufius impressicollis, 253
aureolus, Thamnotettix, 298
aureoviridis, Empoasca, 302
Australian Government, 355
Axinea veatchii, 61
Baculites chicoensis, 57, 69
Baker, Dr. Charlotte, 327, 355
Baker, Dr. Fred, 327, 355
bakeri, Anthocoris, 261
Balenoptera sulfurus, 332
Balclutha impicta, 302
Banasa dimidiata, 252
Barbatia gabbi, 159, 167
species, 162
Barrows, Professor A L., 341
barrowsi, Pinna, 94

[Proc. 4TH Ser,

basalis, Cixius, 309
Bathysmatophorus uhleri, 293
Bathytoma boundeyl, 72, 81
Bauer, Dr. George, 33
behbrensi, Aradus, 254
Belding, Lyman, 319, 320
bella, Lima, 160, 172
Bennett, Frank Fremont, 14
Berry, S. Stillman, Notes on West Ameri-
can Chitons—I, 229 to 248
bicinctus, Microphylellus, 284
bijugis, Homemus, 251
binotata, Clastoptera lineatocollis, 286
binotatus, Stenotus, 264
biplicata, Olivella, 15
birdii, Empoasca, 305
bisecta, Thyasira, 163
bivittis, Platytylellus, 262
Blaisdell, Dr. F. E., 327, 355
blakei, Perissolax, 72, 85
blakeleyensis, Turritella, 163
blandum, Cardium, 224, 225
blandus, Scaphoideus, 295
bodegensis, Tellina, 14
bohemani, Crophius, 256
berealis, Adelphocoris superbus, 263
Bosqui, Edward, 319, 320
boundeyi, Bathytoma, 72, 81
Bourn, William B., 320
Brachiopoda, 71, 73
brachycerus, Lygus, 265
Brachysphingus clarki, 165
liratus, 46, 82
sinuatus, 72, 83
bracteatus, Apatetious, 252
braminus, Typhlops, 37, 39
brandtii, Schizoplax, 231, 235
Branner, Dr. John C., 329, 341
branneri, Crassatellites, 71, 74
Pecten, 160
Brashear, Dr. John A., 329
breviceps, Trigonotylus, 262
brevirostris, Perissolax, 57, 67
brevis, Camptobrochis, 266
breweriana, Nemodon, 57
brewerii, Cardium, 90, 91
Pholadomya, 64
Brochymena quadripustulata, 252
Broksch, Mrs. A., 355
Brown, Arthur, 320
Bruchomorpha suturalis, 309
Bryant, Dr. H. C., 320
bullata, Corythucha, 258
bullatus, Geocoris, 256
Thamnotettix, 301
Burbank, Luther, 355
Bursa washingtoniana, 90
butterworthi, Cerithium, 196
Bythoscopus ater, 292
_ franciscanus, 292
Cadulus, 199

Vor. VII.)

cajetanus, Lepidopleurus, 232
calamitoides, Pinna, 57, 64
California Clapper Rail (Group), 332
Condor (Group), 331
Ground Squirrel, 332
Linnet or House Finch, 332
californiana, Aspidonectes, 33 to 85
californica, Agallia, 289
Cardita, 217
Cryptomya, 221
Koebelia, 288
Nassa, 215, 217, 223, 224, 226
Oliverata, 195
californicum, Placenticeras, 57, 70
californicus, Dicyphus, 268
californicus, Excentricus, 284
ealifornicus, Mytilus, 14
Nysius, 255
californicus, Oncopsis, 291
Parapholus, 15
californiensis, Philya, 288
Calliostoma costatum, 14
Callochitonide, 231
Campbell, Dr. Douglas H., 322, 341
Campbell, Mrs. Marian L., 355
Campbell, Dr. W. W., 329, 341
campestris, Liburnia, 317
Lygus, 265
camporum, Crindelia, 312
Camptobrochis brevis, 266
cerachates, 266
fenestratus, 266
fulvescens, 267
grandis, 267
validus, 266
cana, Gypona, 293
canadensis, Gyrodes, 57, 66
canalifera, Rimella, 91, 98
Rostellaria, 98
Cancellaria crassa, 57, 66
irelaniana, 85, 97, 98
species, 195
cancellatus, Leptochiton, 232
canescens, Phytocoris, 262
Cardita hornii, 95
superioris, 90, 91
weaverl, 159, 167
Cardium blandum, 224, 225
brewerii, 90, 91
cooperii, 71, 74, 90
dalli, 195
gatunense, 128
lingua-leonis, 128
lincolnensis, 159
nuttallii, 14
species, 14, 128, 223
Cardita californica, 217
Carinifex marshalli, 213, 221
Carlson, John I., 355
carneola, Diocraneura, 302

INDEX

367

Catonia albicosta, 306

clara, 306

memoralis, 306

rubella, 306

succinea, 307
cavifrons, Neottiglossa, 252
cazonesensis, Scutella, 128, 182, 142
Cephalopoda, 57, 69, 72, 89
cerachates, Camptobrochis, 266
Ceratocapsus fasciatus, 270

fusiformis, 270
Ceresa albidosparsa, 286
Cerithiopsis alternata, 90

howardi, 160, 175
Cerithium butterworthi, 196
Chama pacifica, 159, 172
Chastain, J. H., 355
chatsworthensis, Fasciolaria, 90, 97
chicoensis, Baculites, 57, 69
chicoensis, Isocardia, 57, 62
chicoensis, Turritella, 57, 69
Chico Fossils, 56
Chione cf. ballista, 128

varians, 56

species, 223
Chittenden, Alice B., 355
Chlamydatus associatus, 285

uniformis, 285
chlorionis, Orthotylus, 275
Chlorochroa congrua, 252
Chlorotettix unicolor, 301
Cicadella circellata, 292

gothica, 292

hieroglypbica confluens, 292
Cicadula laeta, 302

sexnotata, 301
Cidaris cf. loveni, 128
ciliata, Mopalia, 230, 232, 239

wosnessenskii, Mopalia, 232, 240

ciliatus, Thyreocoris, 252
Cimatlan pusillum, 266
cincta, Paraproba, 273
cinerea, Piesma, 256
cinerosus, Deltocephalus, 296
Cinnamomum, 195
Cinulia obliqua, 57, 66
ciroellata, Cicadella, 292
circinatum, Acer, 16
Cixius basalis, 309

cultus, 309
clara, Catonia, 306
Clark, Dr. B. L., 180, 202. 321, 341
Clark, B. Preston, 327, 355
Clark, Dr. Frank C., 327, 355
Clark, Prof. George A., 341
clarki, Brachysphingus, 165
clarki, Eulima, 160, 179
clarki, Pitaria, 160, 168
Clastoptera lineatocollis, 286

lineatocollis binotata, 286
clathrata, Dictyssa, 310

368 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

clavata, Lamna, 72, 89
clavatus, Philophorus, 270
Clegg, Colin Eastwood, 355
€lemens, Mrs. Joseph, 355
Clementia cf. dariena, 128
species, 199
clevei, Agassizia, 128, 138
Schizaster, 128, 140
Climate and its Influence upon the Oli-
gocene Faunas of the Pacific Coast, with
Descriptions of some new Species from
the Molopophorus lincolnensis Zone. By
Roy E. Dickerson, 157 to 192
Climatic Zones of Martinez Eocene Time.
By Roy E. Dickerson, 193 to 196
Clokey, Ira W., 355
Clypeaster cf. concavus, 128, 146, 148
cubensis, 128, 182, 144, 146
species a, 128, 150, 152
species b, 128
coagulatus, Orthotylus, 275
coalingensis, Pecten, 217
Coast Bush-Tit, 332
Cochlorhinus pluto, 295
coelata, Corythucha, 259
cognata, Architectonica, 98
Stellaxis, 91, 98
cognatum, Solarium, 98
Cole, Blanche Dougan, 355
Cole, Grenville A. J., 355
Cole, Kate E., 355
collina, Typhlocyba, 305
coloradensis, Erythroneura comes, 306
Mesamia, 295
Colpophyllia, 199
comes coloradensis, Erythroneura, 306
vitifex, Erythroneura, 306
commissuralis, Empoa, 305
commissus, Thamnotettix, 299
communis, Helochara, 292
compacta, Astarte, 14
compressus, Gyrodes, 57, 67
Concerning the Origin of the Soft-shelled
Turtle, Aspidonectes californiana Rivers
By John Van Denburgh, 33 to 39
condoni, Epitonium, 160
condylomatus, Pecten, 128, 202
confluens, Cicadella hieroglyphica, 292
confusus, Plagiognathus, 284
congrua, Chlorochroa, 252
conica, Turritella, 47
conradiana, Macrocallista, 195
Marcia, 90, 93
Tapes, 93
conradianus, Crassetellites, 56
consimilis, Liburnia, 316
conspersus, Euschistus, 252
conspicillaris, Cosmopepla, 252

Conus interstinctus, 128
remondii, 90
ruckmani, 160, 179
species, 128, 162, 195

convexicollis, Lygus, 265

convivus, Euryophthalmus, 256

Coombs, Mrs. A. L., 327, 355

Cooper, Dr. J. G., 47

cooperi, Spherium, 221

cooperii, Cardium, 71, 74, 90

Dentalium, 46, 50, 72, 81, 90

Corbula alzformis, 76
cowlitzensis, 159, 168
dilatata, 90, 92
parilis, 92

cordata, Macrocallista, 57, 62

coriacipennis, Arphnus 255

Coriomeris humilis, 253

Corizus hyalinus, 253
indentatus, 253
lateralis, 253
scutatus, 253
validus, 253

corrugata, Amphissa, 15

Corwin, Charles Abel, 331

Corythucha bullata, 268
coelata, 259
eriodictyone, 258
fuscigera, 258
hispida, 259
maculata, 257

Cosmopepla conspicillaris, 252

costata, Cylichna, 72, 82, 90
Helicaulax, 82

costatum, Calliostoma, 14

cowlitzensis, Corbula, 159, 168

cowperi, Pecten, 57, 63

crassa, Cancellaria, 57, 66

Crassatella uvasana, 59

Crassatellites branneri, 71, 74
conradianus, 56
grandis, 71, 74
triangulatus, 56, 59
tuscanus, 56
uvasanus, 56
washingtoniana, 165

crassatesta, Turbinella, 195

crassicardo, Pecten, 217, 223, 224

crassicornis, Dreculacephala, 292

crassipes, Apiomerus, 261

crassitesta, Retipirula, 53, 72, 83
Turbinella, 83

crenatospira, Sureula, 195

Crepidula adunca, 15
grandis, 224
prerupta, 163
species, 160, 162

erispata, Thais, 15

Crocker, Charles, 320

Crocker, William H., 320

[Proc. 4TH SER.

Vor. VII.]

Crophius bohemani, 256
impressus, 256

Crowfoot, Dr. W. M., 327, 355

erudus, Dicyphus, 270

cruralis, Plagiognathus diversus, 283

Cryptochiton stelleri, 14, 232, 244

Cryptomya californica, 221
ovalis, 224

Cryptoplacide, 232

cubensis, Clypeaster 128 132, 144, 146

Cucullza mathewsonii, 71, 75
morani, 50, 90, 92
ponderosa, 59
youngi, 57, 59

cuculata, Puncturella, 15

cultus, Cixius, 309

Cummins, Prof. W. F., 125

cumminsi, Metalia, 128, 133, 146, 148,

150

cunealis, Phytocoris, 262

Cunningham, B. L., 209

Curry, David A., 320

Curtis, Dr. H. D., 321

curtulus, Tollius, 252

custator, Thyanta, 252

Cutter, Miss Olive E., 332

Cyanoplax raymondi, 231, 234
species, 230, 231

cyanura, Emoia, 38

Cylichna costata, 72, 82, 90

Cymia, 199

Cymus luridus, 255

Cyprza species, 72, 128

Cyrtolobos vanduzei, 287

Daggett, Frank, 327, 356

Dall, Dr. William Healy, 171, 176

dalli, Cardium, 195

dalli, Diplodonta, 160, 171

dalli, Galeodea, 160, 176

dalli, Pitaria, 169

D’Ancona, Dr. A. A., 322

Danepteryx manca, 311

Davidson, W. M., 356

Davis, Horace, 356

davisiana, Surcula, 97

decolor, Europiella, 285

delicatus, Gerhardiella, 281
melanurus, Pissonotus, 311

Deltocephalus affinis, 296
cinerosus, 296
fuscinervosus, 296
punctatus, 296
vanduzei, 296

Dendrophyllia hannibali, 163
tejonensis, 195

densata, Mulinia, 225, 226

Dentalium cooperii, 46, 50, 72, 81, 90
stramineum, 90

dentata, Erythroncura, 306

depictus, Aradus, 253

Derzocoris fraternus, 268

INDEX

369

deserti, Pecten, 201
diadema, Sinea, 261
Dichrooscytus suspectus, 264
irroratus, 264
Dickerson, Delle Howard, 175
Dickerson, Dr. Roy E., 43, 47, 337, 339,
341, 352, 358
Ancient Panama Canals (No. 8),
197 to 205
Climate and its Influence upon the
Oligocene Faunas of the Pacific
Coast, with Descriptions of some
new Species from the Molopo-
phorus lincolnensis Zone (No. 6),
157 to 192
Climatic Zones of Martinez Eocene
Time (No. 7), 193 to 196
The Fauna of a Medial Tertiary
Formation and the Associated
Horizons of Northeastern Mexico
(No. 5), (William S. W. Kew,
collaborator), 125 to 156
dickersoni, Exilia, 165
dickersoni, Sinum, 72, 86
dickersoni, Surcula, 161
Dicraneura carneola, 302
Dictyssa clathrata, 310
Dicyphus californicus, 268
crudus, 270
elongatus, 269
rufescens, 268
vestitus, 270
diffusus, Ligyrocoris, 256
dilatata, Corbula, 90, 92
dimidiata, Banasa, 252 ~
Diplodonta dalli, 160, 171
Diploria, 199
dira, Euthria, 15
dispersa, Saldula, 286
dissimulata, Thamnotettix, 300
distinguendus var. tahoensis, Lygus, 266
diversus cruralis, Plagiognathus, 283
diversus, Plagiognathus, 283
diversus pluto, Plagiognathus, 284
Dixon, Prof. W. Macneile, 356
Doratura minuta, 296
Dosinia milthoidea, 57, 60
pertenuis, 60
Dreculacephala crassicornis, 292
minor, 292
reticulata, 292
Drillia, 195
drobachensis, Strongylocentrotus, 14
dubius, Platymetopius acutus, 295
Dudley, Orin, 356
Dumble, Prof. E. T., 125, 126, 127, 137, 209
dumblei, Lovenia, 128, 136, 138
Dunne, Peter F., 320
Eastwood, Alice, 321, 322, 356
Echinarachinus excentricus, 14
gibbsi, 215, 216, 217, 223, 226

370 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4 Ser.

echinata, Acanthophysa, 255
Echinoidea, 56, 58
eldridgei, Pecten, 215, 216, 217, 224
elegans, Odontaspis, 89
elegans, Septifer, 72, 79, 90
elisus var. hesperius, Lygus, 265
Lygus, 265
var. viridiscutatus, Lygus, 265
elongatus, Dicyphus, 269
Elsey, H. M., 322
Emoia cyanura, 38
emoryi, Aspidonectes, 33
Empoa commissuralis, 305
rose, 306
Empoasca alboscripta, 304
aspersa, 304
aureoviridis, 30:
birdii, 305
mali, 305
obtusa, 304
ruficeps, 304
smaragdula, 302
snowi, 304
sublactea, 302
transversa, 803
unica, 304
unicolor, 304
viridescens, 305
ensiger, Idiocerus, 290
eocenicus, Nyctilochus, 47
Epitonium condoni, 160
merriami, 160, 175
washingtonensis, 160
species, 162
erice, Nysius, 255
eriodictyonz, Corythucha, 258
erratica, Tornatina, 91
Errhomenellus maculatus, 293
Erwin, Richard P., 356
Erythroneura comes coloradensis, 306
comes vitifex, 306
dentata, 306
Essig, Prof. E. O., 322
essigi, Macrotylus, 277
estrellanus, Pecten, 223
Eudolium petrosum, 163
Eugnathodus abdominalis, 302
Eulima clarki, 160, 179
Eupatagus sp., 128
Europiella decolor, 285
Eurygaster alternatus, 251
Euryophthalmus convivus, 256
Euscelis exitiosus, 296
striolus, 296
Euschistus conspersus, 252
Eutettix querci, 297
subenea, 296
Euthria dira, 15
Evans, Dr. Walter H., 328
evansana, Trigonia, 57, 65

Evermann, Dr. Barton W., 2, 320, 322, 334,
341, 342, 356
Report of the Director of the Mu-
seum for the Year 1917, 331-364
Evermann, William H., 328, 356
evoluta, Tornatina, 91, 99
exaptus, Perillus, 252
excavatus, Gyrodes, 66
Excentricus californicus, 284
excentricus, Echinarachinus, 14
Exilia dickersoni, 165
weaveri, 160, 173
species, 162
eximius, Phytocoris, 262
exitiosus, Eusce’is, 296
exoptatus, Oliarus, 308
expansus, Gyrodes, 84
explanata, Saldula, 285
Eysarcoris intergressus, 252
Fair, Paul J., 331, 332, 338
Fairbanks, Dr. H. W., 322
falcatus, Reuteroscopus, 278
falleni, Aradus, 254
fasciatus, Ceratocapsus 270
fasciatus, Nethus maculatus, 310
fasciatus, Oncopeltus, 255
Fasciolaria chatsworthensis, 90, 97
gabbi, 160, 174
mucronata, 53, 72, 83
species, 162
Fauna of a Medial Tertiary Formation and
the Associated Horizons of Northeastern
Mexico (The), By Roy E. Dickerson and
William S. W. Kew, 125 to 156
Fauntleroy, Miss Sophie, 327, 356
femoratus, Idiocerus, 290
fenestratus, Camptobrochis, 266
fenestratus, Nethus, 311
ferox, Orthotylus, 275
ferus, Nabis, 261
Ficus mississippiensis, 128
plectatus, 72, 83
species, 195
Financial Statements, 361
Fisher, Dr. W. K. 354
Fitzhugh, William M., 326
Flabellum remondianum, 71, 73
flavocapitatus, Thamnotettix, 299
flectens, Trachydermon, 230, 232, 239, 245,
246, 248
Fleishhacker, Mrs. Delia, 329
Fleishhacker, Herbert, 320, 329, 331
Flumincola, 221
fluvializ, Liburnia 317
foliatum, Murex, 15
fossata, Littorina, 15
Fox, C. F., 356
Fox, C L., 355, 356
franciscana, Stictocephala, 287

Vor. VII.)

franciscanus, Bythoscopus, 292
Ischnorrbynchus, 255
Oliarus, 309
Franklin, Dr. E. C., 321
fraseri, Scilla, 11, 16, 27
fraternus, Derzocoris, 268
frenatus, Hemidactylus,§ 37
friscana, Parapulopa, 288
frontalis, Pissonotus, 312
Fucus gigantea, 16
fulvescens, Camptobrochis, 267
funebrale, Tegula, 15
fuscigera, Corythucha, 258
fuscinervosus, Deltocephalus, 296
fusiformis, Ceratocapsus, 270
Fusinus gesteri, 160, 179
martinez, 90
Fusus 2quilateralis, 47
Gabb, W. M., 46 175
gabbiana, Mactra, 57, 63
gabbi, Barbatia, 159, 167
gabbi, Fasciolaria, 160, 174
gabbi, Leda, 71, 76
Pseudocardium, 215, 217, 223, 224
Rostellites, 57, 68
gairdneri, Salmo, 16
Galapagos Expedition, 356
Galeodea dalli, 160, 176
tuberculata, 47, 90
gardeni, Ammonites, 69
Hauericeras, 69
Gastropoda, 57, 65, 72, 81, 90, 97
gatunense, Cardium, 128
gatunensis, Pecten, 128, 202
Gaultheria shallon, 16
gausapata, Amycla, 15
gayi, Semele, 160
Gaylord, E. G., 209
Gehrman, Ella, 356
Gelastocoris variegatus, 286
geminata, Thamnotettix, 297
geminatus, Ischnorrhynchus, 255
generosa, Panope, 14
generosum, Panope, 163, 224
Geocoris atricolor, 256
bullatus, 256
pallens, 256
Geology of a Portion of the McKittrick
District, a typical Example of the West
Side San Joaquin Valley Oil Fields, and
a Correlation of the Oil Sands of the
West Side Fields, By G. C. Gester, 207-
227
Gerhardiella delicatus, 281
gerulus, Thamnotettix, 301
Gerris remigis, 285
Gester, Clark, 179

INDEX - 371

Gester, G. C., Geology of a Portion of the
McKittrick District, a typical Example
of the West Side San Joaquin Valley Oil
Fields, and a Correlation of the Oil Sands
of the West Side Fields, 207-227

gesteri, Fusinus, 160, 179

gettysburgensis, Acila, 163

gibbosa, Reta, 202

gibbsi, Echinarachnius, 215, 216, 217, 223
226 as

Giffard, Walter M., 249-318, 327, 356°

giffardi, Acucephalus, 253

giffardi, Aphelonema, 309

giffardi, Parthenicus, 277

giffardi, Stobaera, 313

Gifford, E. W., 2

gigantea, Fucus, 16

Vicia, 272

giganteus, Hinnites, 14

Gilbert, Dr. G. K., 356

Glycimeris andersoni, 160, 166

maccrayi, 90, $3
septentrionalis, 224

veatchi major, 50, 71, 73, 90
veatchii, 57, 61, 93

Glycimeris species, 128

Glyphis aspera, 14

glyptoconcha, Antigona, 128

Goodman, Dr. E., 356

Goldsmith, Oliver, 356

gorbuscha, Oncorhynchus, 16

gothica, Cicadella, 292

grandis, Camptobrochis, 267

Crassatellites, 71, 74
Crepidula, 224

Grant, Joseph D., 320

Gray Herbarium (The), 356

Grindelia camporum, 312

Grinnell, Fordyce, 356

grossa, Largidea, 268

Grunsky, C. E., 341

Report of the President of the
Academy for the Year 1917, 319-
330
Guam, Notes on the Herpetology of, By
John Van Denburgh, 37-39
Gypona angulata, 293
cana, 293

Gyrodes canadensis, 57, 66
compressus, 57, 67
excavatus, 66
expansus, 84
robustus, 72, 84

Hadronema robusta, 273

haitiensis, Ostrea, 128

Hall, Dr. Harvey M., 341

hallidayi, Nautilus, 72, 89

hamata, Paraproba, 273

Haminea cf. petrosa, 160

Hand, Mrs. Harry, 356

hannibali, Dendrophyllia, 163

=
te

372 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

hannibali, Lyria, 72, 84
hannibali, Natica, 50, 90
Harford, W. G., 34
Harmostes reflexulus, 253
Harrison, H. O., 328, 340
Hart, Henry H., 322
haseltinei, Lima, 77
Hauericeras gardeni, 69
transitionale, 57, 69
Hawver, Mrs. Elizabeth Parsons, 327, 356
Heath, Dr. Harold, 327, 357
heathii, Mopalia, 245, 246, 248
heidemanni, Thamnotettix, 297
Heiskell, W. K., 357
Helicaulax costata, 82
Heller, Edmund, 321
Helochara communis, 292
helvinus, Thamnotettix, 300
Hemidactylus frenatus, 37
Hemifusus washingtonianus, 165
Hemipristis serra, 204
Hendrie, John W., 320, 344
hericeus, Pecten, 14
Herrin, William F., 357
Herring, Joseph P., 331, 332, 357
hesperius, Atractotomus, 284
hesperius, Oliarus, 307
heterophylla, Artemisia, 312
Heteroterma trochoidea, 72, 84
hieroglyphica confluens, Cicadella, 292
Hill, C. A., 327, 357
hindsii, Mopalia, 232, 240
Hinnites giganteus, 14
Hipponyx arnoldi, 160, 162, 180
ornata, 160, 162, 181
species, 15
hispida, Corythucha, 259
histrionica, Murgantia, 252
Hittell, Theodore H., 319, 320
Hobucket, Gordon Benjamin, 14
Hodge, F. W., 2
Hoh Region (The), 16
Holm, Adolph, 357
Holmes, Dr. S. J., 321, 322
Homemus @neifrons, 251
bijugis, 251
Honorary Members and Fellows, 329
Hopping, Ralph, 321
hornii, Cardita, 95
Lunatia, 86
Meretrix, 90, 94
Polynices, 50, 53, 72, 86, 90
Psammobia, 72, 90
Tellina, 47
Venericardia planicosta, 47, 54, 90,
95, 96
Hosmer, Mrs. Charlotte, 320
Howard, Edward, 357
howardi, Cerithiopsis, 160, 175
howardi, Molopophorus, 86
Pseudoliva, 53, 86, 196

[Proc. 4TH Ser.

Hudson, Capt. Charles Bradford, 331
humerosa, Turritella, 88
humorosa, Physa, 213
humilis, Coriomeris, 253
Hunter, J. S., 321
Hutchinson, Miss M. Louise, 357
hyalinus, Corizus, 253
Idiocerus amabilis, 289
amoenus, 289
amoenus pictus, 289
ensiger, 290
femoratus, 290
morosus, 290
musteus, 290
nervatus, 290
pallidus, 290
snowi, 290
verrucosus, 290
verticis, 290
idriensis, Ostrea, 71, 78, 90
impicta, Balclutha, 302
imporcata, Mopalia, 230, 232, 241
impressicollis, Aufius, 253
impressus, Crophius, 256
indentatus, Corizus, 253
indianorum, Scalaria, 15
indicus, Varanus, 38
indurata, Miopleiona, 163
infragranulata, Turritella, 46, 47, 89, 91,
99
Inoceramus pembertoni, 57, 61
whitneyi, 57, 62
inquinata, Macoma, 14, 217, 223, 226
inscripta, Aligia, 295
intercidendus, Platytylellus, 262
intergressus, Eysarcoris, 252
intermedia, Platypedia areolata, 286
intermedius, Macrotylus, 278
interradiatus, Pecten, 63
interrupta, Parapulopa, 288
interstinctus, Conus, 128
Ischnochiton, 230, 231, 235
interstitialis, Saldula, 285
intricatus, Thamnotettix, 297
ionensis, Venericardia planicosta, 54, 96
Irbisia sericans, 264
irelaniana, Cancellaria, 85, 97, 98
irroratus, Dichrooscytus, 264
Phlepsius, 297
Ischnochitonide, 231
Ischnochiton interstinctus, 230, 231, 235
mertensii, 230, 231, 235, 236
radians, 231, 235
retiporosus, 230, 231, 235
trifidus, 230, 232, 238
willetti, 230, 232, 236
Ischnorrhynchus franciscanus, 255
geminatus, 255
resede, 255
Isocardia chicoensis, 57, 62
tejonensis, 90, 93

Vor. VII.)

Jalysus spinosus var. wickhami, 255

Jannopoulos, Miss Alberta, 357

januatus, Thamnotettics, 299

japonica, Mya, 225, 226

Johnson, H. R., 209

Jordan, Dr. David Starr, 329

jucundus, Phytocoris, 262

Juncus lesurii, 318

Kahn, Otto H., 357

karquinezensis, Thracia, 47

Katharina tunicata, 232, 244
species, 230, 232

Kay, F. H., 209

Kelly, Mrs. G. Earle, 327, 357

keta, Oncorhynchus, 16

kettlemanensis, Anodonta, 213

Kew, William S. W., (with Roy E. Dick-
erson), The Fauna of a Medial Tertiary
Formation and the Associated Horizons

of Northeastern Mexico, 125-126
King, Miss Alice, 357
Kingena occidentalis, 73
simiensis, 71, 73
kirkaldyi, Thamnotettix, 297
kisutch, Oncorhynchus, 16
Koebelia californica, 288
Kofoid, Dr. C. A., 321, 322, 341
Krauss, William, 357
Kusche, J. August, 327, 357
labecula, Monanthia, 261
Labopidea nigripes, 276
Laccocera vittipenis, 312
laeta, Cicadula, 302
Lamna clavata, 72, 89
lapillus, Thais, 15
Largidea grossa, 268
lateralis, Corizus, 253
Liburnia, 314
Oncometopia, 292
laticardo, Venericardia planicosta, 96
Laurus, 195
Lawrence, Rev. E., 357
lawsoni, Actzon, 81
Voluta, 195
Leach, E. R., 357
Lebenbaum, L., 357
Lectures (Academy), 320, 321, 337
Leda aleformis, 71, 76, 166
gabbi, 71, 76
merriami, 160, 166
uvasana, 165
washingtonensis, 160
Lepodactylus lugubris, 38
Lepidopleuride, 231, 233
Lepidopleurus cajetanus, 232
Leptochiton cancellatus, 230, 231, 232
Tugatus, 231, 233
species, 230, 231, 233
Leptocoris trivittatus, 253
Leptoypha minor, 260
fesurii, Juncus, 318

373

Lethocerus angustipes, 286
leucodermis, Rubus 16
leucophthalmus pallidus Philenus, 286
Lewis, J. O., 43
lewisi, Pinna, 60, 90, 94
lewisii, Lunatia, 217, 224
Polynices, 15
Library, Accessions to the, 327
Librarian, Report of the, 354
Liburnia campestris, 317
consimilis, 316
fluvialis, 317
lateralis, 314
muiri, 314
occlusa, 318
pellucida, 314
puella, 317
simicinctus, 315
terminalis, 314
tuckeri, 317
Lick, James, 320
lignosa, Mopalia, 232, 240
Ligyrocoris diffusus, 256
Lima bella, 160, 172
haseltinei, 77
perrini, 71, 76
species, 162
limbolarius, Peribalus, 252
limitula, Yoldia, 15
lincolnensis, Cardium, 159
Ostrea, 160
Solen, 160
lineata, Natica, 87
Neocoelidia, 301
Tonicella, 230, 231, 233
lineatocollis, Clastoptera, 286
lineatus, Plagiognathus, 282
lineolatus, Macrotylus, 278
lingua-leonis, Cardium, 128
Linsley, Prof. Earle G., 321
liratus, Brachysphingus, 46, 82
Littorina fossata, 15
oligocenica, 160, 178
scutulata, 15
sitkana, 15
longiceps, Ortholomus, 255
longiseta, Thamnotettix, 301
Loomis, L. M., 357
Lopidea aculeata, 271
ampla, 272
marginata, 271
nigridea, 271
Louderback, Dr. G. A., 322
Lovenia dumblei, 128, 136, 138
Lowe, Prof. and Mrs. T. 8. G., 326
Lucas, Dr. Frederic A., 329
lugubris, Aradus, 254
Lepodactylus, 38
Lummi-Nooksack Country (The), 24
Lunatia hornii, 86
lewisii, 217, 224

374 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

lurida, Ocinebra, 15
luridus, Cymus, 256
Platylygus, 265
lyalli, Acila, 15
Lygzus pyrrhopterus, 255
reclivatus, 255
Lygus aeruginosus, 266
brachycerus, 265
campestris, 265
convexicollis, 265
distinguendus var. tahoensis, 266
elisus, 265
elisus var. hesperius, 265
elisus var. viridiseutatus, 265
nigropallidus, 266
nubilus, 265
nubilatus, 265
pratensis, 265
pratensis var. rubidus, 265
sallei, 265
solani, 266
lymani, Amphiura, 56
lyrata, Agallia, 289
Lyria andersoni, 90, 97
hannibali, 72, 84
Lysis suciensis, 57, 62
McCallum, Donald, 357
McCracken, Dr. Isabel, 321
maccrayi, Glycimeris, 90, 93
maccreadyi, Turritella, 72, 87, 196
McDonald, Miss Julia, 357
McDonald, Mark L., 320
McFarland, Dr. F. M., 320
McLaren, John, 357
Macoma inquinata, 14, 217, 223, 226
nasuta, 14, 217, 225
secta, 225
vanvlecki, 223
species, 14, 128
Macomber, A. Kingsley, 320, 330
Macrocallista conradiana, 195
cordata, 57, 62
stantoni, 71, 77
vespertina, 163
macronyx, Abedus, 286
Macropneustes antillarum, 128, 152, 156
Mexicanus, 128, 134, 152, 154
Macropsis occidentalis, 290
macroschisma, Placunanomia, 14
Macrotylus essigi, 277
intermedius, 278
lineolatus, 278
Mactra gabbiana, 57, 63
species, 224
maculata, Corythucha, 257
maculatus, Errhomenellus, 293
fasciatus, Naethus, 310
Naethus, 310
Madrepora, 199
Maginnis, Olive, 357
Mailliard, J., 328, 340, 357

[Proc. 4TH Ser.

Mailliard, J. W., 328, 357
major, Glycimeris veatchi, 50, 71, 75, 90
Malea ringens, 128
species, 128, 199
mali, Empoasca, 305
manca, Danepteryx, 311
Manicina, 199
mantelli, Orbitoides, 202
Marcia conradiana, 90, 93
oregonensis, 163
Margarita pupilla, 15
marginata, Lopidea, 271
Marginella pacifica, 160, 178
species, 162
maritimus, Platycotis, 287
Marks, Paul Lindsay, 357
marmorea, Tonicella, 233
marshalli, Carinifex, 213, 221
Martin, Bruce, 158, 168, 177
martinezensis, Amauropsis, 72, 195
Tellina, 47
Turritella, 50, 53, 87, 91, 100, 196
Martinez Fossils, 73
martinez, Fusinus, 90
martini, Psammobia, 160, 168
martini, Triforis, 161, 176
marylandica, Venericardia, 54, 96
Masters, Cornelia S., 357
mathewsonii, Cucullea, 71, 75
Tellina, 72
Matson, William, 320
Maurodactylus semiustus, 285
Meandrina, 199
Mecomma antennata, 275
Meiere, Mrs. Ernest, 327, 357
melanocerus, Anthocoris, 261
Melanocoris obovatus, 262
melanurus, Pissonotus delicatus, 311
Melongena species, 128
Membership in the Academy, 1917, 320
Memnonia simplex, 294
memoralis, Catonia, 306
mendica, Nassa, 15
mendicus, Thamnotettix, 297
Menzies, Robert, 357
Meretrix hornii, 90, 94
species, 128
Merriam, Dr. J. C., 46, 166, 176, 211, 322
merriami, Actzon, 72, 81
merriami, Epitonium, 160, 175
merriami, Leda, 160, 166
mertensii, Ischnochiton, 230, 231, 236
Merychippus, 201
Mesamia coloradensis, 295
Metis alta, 225
Metalia cumminsi, 128, 133, 146, 148,
150
mexicanus, Macropneustes, 128, 134, 152,
154
Micracanthia pusilla, 286
Microphylellus bicinctus, 284

Vor. VII.J

Microvelia americana, 285

Milford, Humphrey, 357

Miller, Homer, 357

Miller, Irving, 357

Miltha parsonsi, 71, 78

milthoidea, Dosinia, 57, 60

minax, Platycotis, 288

minor, Dreculacephala, 292
Leptoypha, 260

minuta, Doratura, 296

Miopleiona indurata, 163

mississippiensis, Ficus, 128

Missouri Botanical Garden, 357

Mitchell, Mrs. M. P., 357

Modiolus ornatus, 46, 47
rectus, 163, 224

Molopophorus howardi, 86
lincolnensis zone, 162
stephensoni, 160, 177
species, 160

Monanthia labecula, 261

montanus reductus, Thamnotettix, 298
Thamnotettix, 298
Thyreocoris, 252

Montipora, 199

Moore, Justin P., 327, 358

Mopalia ciliata, 230, 232, 239
ciliata wosnessenskii, 232, 240
heathii, 245, 246, 248
hindsii, 232, 240
imporcata, 230, 232, 241
lignosa, 232, 240
muscosa, 232, 241
sinuata, 230, 232, 241

Mopaliide, 232

Moran, R. B., 43

morani, Cucullza, 50, 90, 92

morosus, Idiocerus, 290

Morrison, Alexander F., 320

mucronata, Fasciolaria. 53, 72, 83
Neptunea, 83
Siphonalia, 195

muiri, Liburnia, 314

Mulinia densata, 225, 226

mundus, Plagiognathus, 281

Murex foliatum, 15
vaughani, 160, 174

Murgantia histrionica, 252

muscosa, Mopalia, 232, 241

Museum, Accessions to the, 327
Report of the Director of the, 331-

364

musteus, Idiocerus, 290

muticus, Neides, 255

mutilatus, Peropus, 38

Mya japonica, 225, 226
species, 128

Mytilus californicus, 14

Nabis ferus, 261
roseipennis, 261

INDEX

375

Nacthus fenestratus, 311
maculatus, 310
maculatus fasciatus, 310
nanus, Oeclidius, 309
Nassa californica, 215, 217, 223, 224, 226
mendica, 15
species, 225
nasuta, Macoma, 14, 217,5225
Pholadomya, 72
nasutus, Platymetopius, 296
Natica hannabali, 50, 90
lineata, 87
species, 128
Naticina oblique, 99
Nautilus hallidayi, 72, 89
Neides muticus, 255
Nemodon breweriana, 57
Neocoelidia lineata, 301
obscura, 301
Neottiglossa cavifrons, 252
Neptunea mucronata, 83
nerka, Oncorhynchus, 16
nervatus, Idiocerus, 290
Neverita nomlandi, 160, 173
recluziana, 217, 225
Newcomer, E. J., 327, 358
New York Botanical Garden, 358
nigridea, Lopidea, 271
nigrina, Teleonemia, 261
nigrinervis, Paraproba, 274
nigripes, Labopidea, 276
nigropallidus, Lygus, 266
Noble, Dorothy Evans, 358
Noble, Dr. L. F., 339, 358
Nomland, Dr. J. O., 174
nomlandi, Neverita, 160, 173
Notes on the Herpetology of Guam, Mari-
ana Islands. By John Van Denburgh.
37-39

Notes on West American Chitons—I. By
S. Stillman Berry, 229-248

novella, Agallia, 288

nubilatus, Lygus, 265

nubilus, Lygus, 265

Nuttall, Mrs. Zelia, 327, 358

nuttallii, Cardium, 14
Schizotherus, 14

Nyctilochus eocenicus, 47
species a, 160
species b, 161

Nysius californicus, 255
ericae, 255

obliqua, Cinulia, 57
Naticina, 99

obliquum, Sinum, 91, 99

obovatus, Melanocoris, 262

obruta, Tellina, 160

obscura, Neocoelidia, 301

obtusa, Empoasca, 304

376 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

occidentalis, Kingena, 73
Macropsis, 290
Phlepsius, 297

occlusa, Liburnia, 318

oceanicus, Peropus, 38

Ocinebra lurida, 15

Octopus tuberculatus, 15

Oculina, 199

Odontaspis elegans, 89

odoratus, Rubus, 16

Oecleus venosus, 309

Oeclidius nanus, 309

Oldroyd, Mr. and Mrs. T. S., 339, 358

Oliarus exoptatus, 308
franciscanus, 309
hesperius, 307

oligocenica, Littorina, 160, 178

Oliva species, 128

Olivella biplicata, 15
‘spissa, 72, 85
species, 128

Oliverata californica, 195

Oncometopia lateralis, 292

Oncopeltus fasciatus, 255

Oncopsis californicus, 291

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, 16
keta, 16
kisutch, 16
nerka, 16
tschawytscha, 16

Ophiuroidea, 56, 57

Opis triangulatus, 78
virginalis, 71, 78

optimum, Pecten oxygonum, 128

Orbitoides mantelli, 204
species, 128

Oredaphne, 195

oregonensis, Marcia, 163
Tellina, 160, 163

ornata, Hipponyx, 160, 162, 181

ornata, Physatocheila, 259

ornatus, Modiolus, 46, 47

Ortholomus longiceps, 255

Orthotylus affinis, 275
chlorionis, 275
coagulatus, 275
ferox, 275
pullatus, 275
translucens, 275
viridicatus, 275

Ostrea atwoodii, 217
haitiensis, 128
idriznsis, 71, 78, 90
lincolnensis, 160
trigonalis, 128
vespertina, 201, 224
Virginica, 128
species, 128, 159, 216, 225, 226

Ottolengui, Dr. R., 358

ovalis, Cryptomya, 224

ovatus, Phlepsius, 297

[Proc. 4TH Ser.

oviformis, Amauropsis, 57, 65
ovoidea, Pholadidea, 14
Ovula, 196
oweni, Pecten, 223
oxygonum optimum, Pecten, 128, 202
Ozette-Makah Region, (The), 17
pachecoensis, Turritella, 50, 53, 72, 88, 196
pacifica, Chama, 159, 172
Pacifica, Marginella, 160, 178
pacifica, Stictocephala, 286
pacificum, Placenticeras, 57, 70
pacificus, Thyrillus, 264
Pack, Robert, 178
Pack, R. W., 209
Packard, Prof. Earl L., 170
packardi, Spisula, 160, 169
packi, Strepsidura, 161, 177
Pagaronia 13-punctata, 292
13-punctata triunata, 293
pallens, Geocoris, 256
pallidus, Idiocerus, 290
Philenus leucophthalmus, 286
Panope generosa, 14
generosum, 163, 224
species, 128
pantherinus, Psallus, 279
Paphia staminea, 14
species, 128
Parabolocratus viridis, 295
parallelus, Solen, 90, 94
Parapholus californicus, 15
Paraproba cincta, 273
hamata, 273
nigrinervis, 274
pendula, 273
Parapulopa arborea, 288
friscana, 288
interrupta, 288
Parthenicus giffardi, 277
psalliodes, 276, 280
ruber, 276
parilis, Corbula, 92
Parker, Sir Gilbert, 358
parsonsi, Miltha, 71, 78
parvum, Actzon, 160, 172
Patella subquadrala, 160, 162, 182
patula, Siliqua, 14
Pavonia, 199
Pecten branneri, 160
coalingensis, 217
condylomatus, 128, 202
crassicardo, 217, 223, 224
deserti, 201
eldridgei, 215, 216, 217, 224
estrellanus, 223
gatunensis, 128, 202
hericeus, 14
interradiatus, 63
levicostatus, 128
oweni, 223
oxygonum optimum, 128, 202

Vor. VII.J

Pecten (Propeamusium) cowperi, 57, 63
wattsi, 224
species, 128, 225, 226
Pectunculus veatchii, 61
Peirce, Dr. George C., 341
Pelecypoda, 56, 59, 71, 73, 91
pellucida, Liburnia, 314
P[elodiscus] sinensis, 34
pelta, Acmza, 14
pembertoni, Inoceramus, 57, 61
pendula, Paraproba, 273
Peribalus limbolarius, 252
Perillus exaptus, 252
Periploma undulifera, 71, 79
Perissolax blakei, 72, 85
brevirostris, 57, 67
tricarinatus, 85
Peritrechus tristis, 256
permutata, Aphrophora, 286
Peropus mutilatus, 38
oceanicus, 38
perrini, Astarte, 159, 168
perrini, Lima, 71, 76
Persea, 195
pertenuis, Dosinia, 60
Venus, 57, 60
petrosum, Eudolium, 163
Phacoides acutilineatus, 163
Phelps, L. J., 328
Philenus leucophthalmus pallidus, 286
Philophorus clavatus, 270
Philya californiensis, 288
Phlepsius apertus, 297
irroratus, 297
occidentalis, 297
ovatus, 297
Phoca vitulina, 15
Pholadidea ovoidea, 14
Pholadomya brewerii, 64
nasuta, 72
royana, 64
subelongata, 57, 64
Phymata severina, 261
Physa humorosa, 213
Physatocheila ornata, 259
Phytocoris canescens, 262
cunealis, 262
eximius, 262
jucundus, 262
vinaceus, 263
piceus, Scolops, 306
pictus, Idiocerus amoenus, 289
Piesma cinerea, 256
Pinna barrowsi, 94
calamitoides, 57, 64
lewisi, 50, 90, 94
Piper, Mrs., 358
Pisces, 72, 89
Pissonotus delicatus melanurus, 311
frontalis, 312
Pitaria clarki, 160, 169

377

Pitaria dalli, 169
Placenticeras californicum, 57, 70
pacificum, 57, 70
sanctemonice, 57, 70
Placiphorella rufa, 230, 232, 241
velata, 232, 241
species, 232
Placunanomia macroschisma, 14
Plagiognathus confusus, 284
Plagiognathus diversus, 283
diversus cruralis, 283
diversus pluto, 284
lineatus, 282
mundus, 281
planicosta hornii, Venericardia, 47, 54, 90,
95, 96
ionensis, Venericardia, 54, 96
laticardo, Venericardia, 96
regia, Venericardia, 54, 96
venturensis, Venericardia, 54, 72,
95
Platycotis maritimus, 287
minax, 288
vittata, 287
Platylygus luridus, 265
Platymetopius acutus, 295
acutus dubius, 295
nasutus, 296
Platypedia areolata intermedia, 286
Platytylellus intercidendus, 262
bivittis, 262
plectatus, Ficus, 72, 83
Pleurotomide, 196
plicata, Thuja, 16
plicata, Turris, 57, 68
pluto Cochlorhinus, 295
pluto, Plagiognathus diversus, 284
Poeciloscytus unifasciatus, 264
ubleri, 264
Polynices hornii, 50, 53, 72, 86
lewisii, 15
ponderosa, Cucullaa, 59
ponderosum, Trophon, 223
Porites, 199
potapacoensis, Venericardia, 54, 96
prerupta, Crepidula, 163
pratensis, Lygus, 265
var. rubidus, Lygus, 265
Pritchard, Mr. Zarb T., 322
Probert, Mrs. Edward, 358
psalliodes, Parthenicus, 276, 280
Psallus pantherinus, 279
seriatus, 280
soror, 280
Psammobia hornii, 72, 90
martini, 160, 168
Pselliopus spinicollis, 261
Pseudocardium gabbi, 215, 217, 223, 224
Pseudoliva howardi, 53, 72, 86, 196
reticulata, 86
Publications of the Academy, 322, 323

378 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

puella, Libernia, 317

Pugnellus rotundus, 57, 67

pullatus, Orthotylus, 275

punctata (13), Pagaronia, 292

triunata, Pagaronia, 293

punctatus, Deltocephalus, 296

Puncturella cuculata, 15

pupilla, Margarita, 15

Purdy, Carl, 358

pusilla, Micracanthia, 286

pusillum, Cimatlan, 266

Putorius species, 16

pyrrhopterus, Lygeus, 255

quadripustulata, Brochymena, 252

querci, Eutettix, 297

Quillayute Region (The), 6-16

racemosa, Sambucus, 16

radians, Ischnochiton, 231, 235

Reta gibbosa, 202

raymondi, Cyanoplax, 231, 234

Reagan, Albert B., Archeological Notes on
Western Washington and Adjacent Brit-
ish Columbia. 1-31, 171, 358

reagani, Semele, 160, 170

reclivatus, Lygeus, 255

recluziana, Neverita, 217, 225

rectus, Modiolus, 163, 224

reductus, Thamnotettix montanus, 298

Reed, Arthur L., 331

Reed, C. A., 358

reflexulus, Harmostes, 253

regia, Venericardia planicosta, 54, 96

remigis, Gerris, 285

remondianum, Flabellum, 71, 73

Temondii, Conus, 90

Report of the Director of the Museum for
the Year1917. By Barton Warren Ever-
mann, Director of the Museum. 331-364

Report of the Librarian for 1917. By
Edward P. Van Duzee, Asst. Librarian.
354

Report of the President of the Academy for
the Year 1917. By C. E. Grunsky,
President of the Academy. 319-330

Report of the Treasurer. By Rudolph J.
Taussig. 361

Report upon a Collection of Hemiptera
made by Walter M. Giffard in 1916 and
1917, chiefly in California. By Edward
P. Van Duzee. 249-318

resedae, Ischnorrhynchus, 255

reticulata, Dreculacephala, 292

Pseudoliva, 86

Retipirula crassitesta, 53, 72, 83

retiporosus, Ischnochiton, 230, 231, 235

Reuteroscopus falcatus, 278

reversa, Turritella, 72, 88

Reynolds, L. R., 358

Rhynocoris ventralis var. femoralis, 261

Rhyparochromus sodalicus, 256

rileyi, Telamonanthe, 287

[Proc. 4TH Ser,

Rimella canalifera, 91, 98

ringens, Malea, 128

Ritter, Dr. William E., 320, 329, 341

Rivers, J. J., 33

Rix, E. H., 358

Rixford, Dr. Emmet, 358

Rixford, G. P., 327, 358

robusta, Hadronema, 273

robustus, Gyrodes, 72, 84

Rock, J. G., 358

Rooney, Thomas, 331

rosae, Empoa, 306

roseipennis, Nabis, 261

Rosenburg, Mrs. Alice, 358

Rostellaria canalifera, 98

Rostellites gabbi, 57, 68

rotundus, Pugnellus, 57, 67

royana, Pholadomya, 64

tubella, Catonia, 306

ruber, Parthenicus, 276

ruber, Tonicella, 230, 231, 233

Rubus leucodermis, 16
odoratus, 16
spectabilis, 16

Ruckman, John, 179

ruckmani, Conus, 160, 179

rufa, Placiphorella, 230, 232, 241

rufescens, Dicyphus, 268

ruficeps, Empoasca, 304

tuficornis, Trigonotylus, 262

Tugatus, Leptochiton, 233

rupinatus, Thamnotettix, 297

Sabalites, 195

saffordi, Turritella, 88

Saldula dispersa, 286
explanata, 285
interstitialis, 285

sallei, Lygus, 265

Salmo gairdneri, 16
species, 15

Sambucus racemosa, 16

sanctecrucis, Amphiura, 58

sanctemonice, Placenticeras, 57, 70

San Francisco Aquarium Association, 358

sanguinolenta, Agallia, 289

San Joaquin Valley Water Fowl (Group),

331

Santa Cruz Chipmunk, 332

Sargeant, W W., 337, 363

Saxicava arnoldi, 160, 171
species, 160

saxicola, Thais, 15

Saxidomus squalidus, 15

Scalaria indianorum, 15
species, 15

gcalaris, Scaphoideus, 295

Scaphoideus blandus, 295
scalaris, 295
scrupulosus, 295

Scaphopoda, 72, 81, 90

echerzeri, Schizaster, 128, 140, 142, 144

Vor. VII.J

Schizaster clevei, 128, 140
scherzeri, 128, 140, 142, 144
Schizoplax brandtii, 231, 235
species, 230, 231
Schizotherus nuttallii, 14
Scilla fraseri, 11, 16, 27
Scofield, D. G., 320
Scolopostethus tropicus, 256
Scolops abnormis, 306
piceus, 306
scrupulosus, Scaphoideus, 295
scutatus, Corizus, 253
Scutella cazonesensis, 128, 132, 142
species, 53, 56, 58
scutellatus, Alydus, 252
scutulata, Littorina, 15
secta, Macoma, 225
Semele gayi, 160
reagani, 160, 170
semiustus, Maurodactylus, 285
septentrionalis, Glycimeris, 224
Septifer elegans, 72, 79, 90
Seraphs andersoni, 161, 180
species, 162
seriatus, Psallus, 280
sericans, Irbisia, 264
serra, Hemipristis, 204
Setchell, Dr. William A, 341
setosus, Tollius, 252
severina, Phymata, 261
sexnotata, Cicadula, 301
shallon, Gaultheria, 16
Shreve, Forrest, 358
Sicarius, Solen, 224
Siderastrea, 199
Siliqua patula, 14
simicinctus, Liburnia, 315
simiensis, Kingena, 71, 73
simiensis, Turritella, 50, 72, 88, 100
simplex, Acmza, 160, 162, 181
simplex, Memnonia, 294
Simson, Leslie, 328, 340
Sinea diadema, 261
sinensis, P.[elodiscus], 34
sinuata, Mopalia, 230, 232, 241
Thamnasteria, 195
sinuatus, Brachysphingus, 72, 82
Sinum dickersoni, 72, 86
obliquum, 91, 99
species, 128
Siphonalia mucronata, 195
species, 195
sitkana, Littorina, 15
Slevin, Joseph R., 358, 359
Slonaker, Dr. J. Rollin, 320, 341
smaragdula, Empoasca, 302
Smith, Charles W., 2
Smith, Emily §., 358
Smith, Harlen I., 2
Smith, Dr. J. Perrin, 43, 77, 168, 320, 341
Smith, L. E., 327, 328, 358

INDEX

379

Smith, R. H., 358
snowi, Empoasca, 304
Idiocerus, 290
Snyder, Prof. John O., 341
sodalicus, Rhyparochromus, 256
solani, Lygus, 266
Solariaxis templetoni, 57, 68
Solarium cognatum, 98
Solemya ventricosta, 163
Solen lincolnensis, 160
parallelus, 90, 94
sicarius, 224
stantoni, 72, 79
species, 224, 225, 226
Solenosteira, 199
soror, Psallus, 280
spectabilis, Rubus, 16
Spherium cooperi, 221
spinicollis, Pselliopus, 261
spinifer, Aspidonectes, 33
spinosus var. wickhami, Jalysus, 255
spissa, Olivella, 72, 85
Spisula equilateralis, 72, 80
albaria, 163
packardi, 160, 169
squalidus, Saxidomus, 15
staminea, Paphia, 14
Stanford University, 358
Stanton, Dr. T. W., 43, 46
stantoni, Macrocallista, 71
stantoni, Solen, 72, 79
Starke, Dr. E. A., 223
Steinhart Aquarium (The), 323
Steinhart, Ignatz, 320, 323, 324
Steinhart, Sigmund, 324
Stellaxis cognata, 91, 98
stelleri, Cryptochiton, 14, 232, 244
Stenodema vicinum, 262
Stenotus binotatus, 264
Stephenson, Dr. L. P., 177
stephensoni, Molopophorus, 160, 177
Stewart, Miss Collena, 358
Stictocephala franciscana, 287
pacifica, 286
wickhami, 287
Stobaera giffardi, 313
Stock, Dr. Chester, 320, 322, 341
Stonehouse, Mrs. Mabel, 358
Strait of Fuca and Sound Region (The), 21
stramineum, Dentalium, 9°
Stratigraphic and Faunal Relations of the
Martinez to the Chico and Tejon of
Southern California. By Clarence A
Waring. 41-124
Strepsidura packi, 161, 177
species, 162
striolus, Euscelis, 296
Strombina, 199
Strongylocentrotus drobachensis, 14
Strongylocoris atratus, 270
subaenea, Eutettix, 296

380 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

subcostata, Anomia, 201
subelongata, Pholadomya, 57, 64
sublactea, Empoasca, 302
submarmorea, Tonicella, 230, 231, 234
subquadrata, Patella, 161, 162, 182
succinea, Catonia, 307
suciensis, Lysis, 57, 62
suckleyi, Acanthias, 15
sulfurus, Balenoptera, 332
Sulphur-bottom Whale, 332, 333
Sumner, Dr. F. B., 341, 359
superbus borealis, Adelphocoris, 263
superioris, Cardita, 90, 91
Surcula crenatospira, 195
davisiana, 97
dickersoni, 161
species, 91, 97, 195
suspectus, Dichrooscytus, 264
Sutliffe; Mrs. E. C., 359
suturalis, Bruchomorpha, 309
Syme, George, 359
Taff, J. A., 209
Tapes conradiana, 93
Taussig, Rudolph J., Report of the Treas-
urer, 361-362
Taylor, Frank, 359
Tegula funebrale, 15
tejonensis, Dendrophyllia, 195
Isocardia, 90, 93
Trachytriton, 87
Tejon Fossils, 90
Telamonanthe rileyi, 287
Teleonemia nigrina, 261
Tellina bodegensis, 14
hornii, 47
martinezensis, 47
mathewsonii, 72
obruta, 160
oregonensis, 160, 163
undulifera, 46
species, 128
templetoni, Solariaxis, 57, 68
Terebra, 195
Terebratella transversa, 14
terminalis, Liburnia, 314
Tesseracme, 199
Tevis, Lloyd, 324
Thais crispata, 15
lapillus, 15
saxicola, 15
Thamnasteria sinuata, 195
Thamnotettix atridorsum, 299
aureolus, 298
bullatus, 301
commissus, 299
dissimilata, 300
flavocapitatus, 299
geminata, 297
gerulus, 301
heidemanni, 297
helvinus, 300

[Proc. 4TH Ser.

Thamnotettix intricatus, 297
januatus, 299
kirkaldyi, 297
longiseta, 301
mendicus, 297
montanus, 298
montanus reductus, 298
Tupinatus, 297
titusi, 299
umbraticus, 301
vapidus, 300
vespertinus, 300
visalia, 300
Thompson, Miss Crystal, 359
Thompson, David G., 359
Thracia karquinezensis, 47
trapezoidea, 163
Thuja plicata, 16
Thyanta custator, 252
Thyasira bisecta, 163
Thyreocoris ciliatus, 252
montanus, 252
Thyrillus pacificus, 264
titan, Trachytriton, 72, 87
titusi, Thamnotettix, 299
Tollius curtulus, 252
setosus, 252
Tonicella lineata, 230, 231, 233
marmorea, 233
ruber, 230, 231, 233
submarmorea, 230, 231, 234
Tornatina erratica, 91
evoluta, 91, 99
Tough, F. B., 209
Trachycardium, 199
Trachydermon flectens, 230,232, 239, 245,
246, 248
species, 232, 233, 245
Trachytriton tejonensis, 87
titan, 72, 87
transitionale, Hauericeras, 57, 69
translucens, Orthotylus, 275
transversa, Anchura, 65
transversa, Empoasca, 303
transversa, Terebratella, 14
trapezoidea, Thracia, 163
Treuholtz, Mrs. C. A., 328, 359
triangulatus, Crassetellites, 56, 59
tricarinatus, Perissolax, 85
trifidus, Ischnochiton, 230, 232, 238
Triforis martini, 161, 176
trigonalis, Ostrea, 128
Trigonia evansana, 57, 65
Trigonotylus breviceps, 262
ruficornis, 262
trilineata, Arca, 217, 225, 226
trinitaria, Arca, 128
Tripbleps tristicolor, 262
tristicolor, Triphleps, 262

Vor. VII.)

tristis, Anasa, 252
Peritrechus, 256
Turritella, 202
triunata, Pagaronia 13-punctata, 293
trivittatus, Leptocoris, 253
Trochocyathus zitteli, 71, 73
trochoidea, Heteroterma, 72, 84
Trophon ponderosum, 223
species, 224
tropicus, Scolopostethus, 256
truncata, Acila, 56
tschawytscha, Oncorhynchus, 15
tuberculata, Galeodea, 47, 90
tuberculatus, Octopus, 15
tuckeri, Liburnia, 317
tunicata, Katharina, 232, 244
Turbinella crassitesta, 83, 195
turbiniformis, Amnicola, 221
Turcicula washingtoniana, 163
Turris alba, 164
plicata, 57, 68
species, 195
Turritella altilira, 128
andersoni, 91, 99
blakeleyensis, 163
chicoensis, 57, 69
conica, 47
humerosa, 88
infragranulata, 46, 47, 89, 91, 99
maccreadyi, 72, 87, 196
martinezensis, 50 53, 87, 91, 100,
196
pachecoensis, 50, 53, 72, 88, 196
Teversa, 72, 88
saffordi, 88
simiensis, 50, 72, 88, 100
tristis, 202
uvasana, 50, 91, 100
species, 128, 195, 196
tuscana, Astarte, 59
tuscanus, Crassetellites, 56, 59
Typhlocyba collina, 305
Typhlops braminus, 37, 89
ubleri, Agallia, 289
Bathysmatophorus, 293
Poeciloscytus, 264
umbraticus, Thamnotettix, 301
undulifera, Periploma, 71, 79
Tellina, 46
unica, Empoasca, 304
unicolor, Chlorotettix, 301
Empoasca, 304
unifasciatus, Poeciloscytus, 264
uniformis, Chlamydatus, 285
U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Biological Sta-
tion, 359
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 359
U. S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross, 359
U. S. National Herbarium, 359
Urosalpinx species, 128

INDEX

381

uvasana, Crassatella, 59
Leda, 165
Turritella, 50, 91, 100
uvasanus, Crassetellites, 56
uva-ursi, Arctostophylus, 16
Vaccinum species, 16
validus, Camptobrochis, 266
Corizus, 253
Van Denburgh, John. Concerning the
Origin of the Soft-shelled Turtle, Aspido-
nectes californiana Rivers, 33-35
Notes on the Herpetology of Guam,
Mariana Islands, 37-39
339, 348, 351, 359
Van Duzee, Edward P. Report upon a&
Collection of Hemiptera made by Walter
M. Giffard in 1916 and 1917, chiefly in
California, 249-318
337, 338, 343, 349, 354, 359
vanduzei, Cyrtolobus, 287
Deltocephalus, 296
VanDyke, Dr. E. C., 327, 359
vanvlecki, Macoma, 223
vapidus, Thamnotettix, 300
Varanus indicus, 38
varians, Chione, 56
variegatus, Gelastocoris, 286
Vaughan, F. E., 174
Vaughan, Dr. T. W., 200
vaughani, Murex, 160, 174
veatchii, Axinea, 61
Glycimeris, 57, 93
Pectunculus, 61
veatchii major, Glycimeris, 50, 71, 75, 90
velata, Placiphorella, 232, 241
Venericardia marylandica, 54, 96
merriami, 96
planicosta hornii, 47, 54, 90, 95, 96.
ionensis, 54, 96
laticardo, 96
regia, 54, 96
venturensis, 54, 72, 95
potapacoensis, 54, 96
Venericardias, Occurrence of Eocene, 55
venosus, Oecleus, 309
ventralis var. femoralis, Rhynocoris, 261
ventricosta, Solemya, 163
venturensis, Venericardia planicosta, 54
72, 80, 95
Venus pertenuis, 57, 60
verrucosus, Idiocerus, 290
verticis, Idiocerus, 290
vespertina, Macrocallista, 163
Ostrea, 201, 224
vespertinus, Thamnotettix, 300
vestitus, Dicyphus, 270
Vicia gigantea, 272
vicinum, Stenodema, 262
vinaceus, Phytocoris, 263
virginalis, Opis, 71, 78
virginica, Ostrea, 128

382 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

viridescens, Empoasca, 305
viridicatus, Orthotylus, 275
viridis, Parabolocratus, 295
Xerophleea, 293
visalia, Thamnotettix, 300
vitifex, Erythroneura comes, 306
vittata, Platycotis, 287
vittipenis, Laccocera, 312
vitulina, Phoca, 15
Viviparus, 221
Voluta lawsoni, 195
species, 195
Volutide, 195
von Geldern, Dr. Charles E., 321
Von Hoffmann, Charles, 320, 359
Walter, Frank, 359
Ware, William H., 359

wattsi, Pecten, 224

Weaver, C. E., 46, 167, 173, 341
weaveri, Cardita, 159

weaveri, Exilia, 160, 173
Weeks, Andrew Gray, 360
Welch, Paul S., 360

Werm, Richard, 360

Weymouth, Dr. Frank W., 321
whitneyi, Inoceramus, 57, 62
Wickes, Miss Ethel, 327, 360
wickhami, Stictocephala, 287
Wilkens, Mrs. Johanna E., 360
Willett, George, 229

willetti, Ischnochiton, 230, 232, 236
Williams, F. X., 328, 360
Willis, Dr. Bailey, 322, 341

(Proc. 4TH Ser.

Wolcott, George, 360
Woodward, Dr. Robert S., 329
Wooster, John, 360

Waring, Clarence A. Stratigraphic and
Faunal Relations of the Martinez to the
Chico and Tejon of Southern California

41-124, 341
washingtonensis, Epitonium, 160
Leda, 160
washingtoniana, Arca, 159, 166
Bursa, 90

Crassatellites, 165

Turcicula, 163
washingtonianus, Hemifusus, 165
Watts, W. L., 212

wosnessenskii, Mopalia ciliata, 232, 240
Wright, Mrs. Elizabeth, 327, 360
Xenophora species, 128

Xerophlcea viridis, 293

Yoldia limitula, 15

youngi, Cucullza, 57, 59

Zirphea species, 224

zitteli, Trochocyathus, 71, 73
Zizyphus, 195

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