a

z
5
e
¢
:

LE

oe:

ass

‘Paboeibice uf
Verwany
ait

ne a ,

nae a ae

ac eit a)

Wy a5 7
- ri : Ww.
oe
"4 f a rats ae ! ® ia i f
en ie ih oe ler eae m0) =i
A Lae id 25 3 Pca ‘S's

rie. hy

tiny

lets

iy ¥\

PROCEEDINGS

OF THB

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

ANA

VOL. IV. 1848, 1849.

LIL LL

PHILADELPHIA.
PRINTED FOR THE ACADEMY,
By Merrihew & Thompson, 7 Carter’s Alley.
1850.

INDEX TO VOLUME IV.

RATA

Abert, Lieut. J. W., don. to lib., 111.

Adams, C. B., don. to lib., 111, 263,
265.

Adams, Mr., don. to mus., 137.

Agassiz, Prof. Louis, don. to lib., 111,
176 ; on the distinction between the
fossil Crocodiles of the green sand of
New Jersey, 169; letter from to Dr.
Gibbes in relation to Dorudon serra-
tus, 4.

Alexander, Dr., don. to mus., 241.

Allinson, Geo. B., don. to mus., 109.

American Acad. of Arts and Sciences,
don. of Memoirs of, 143 ; of Proceed-
ings, 32, 82, 243.

Amer. Philosoph. Soc., don. of Trans-
actions of, 31; Proceedings of, 54,
189, 261; Resolution by to deposit its
collections of organic remains with
the Acad. Nat. Sci., of Philada., 247.

American Journal of Agriculture and
Science, don. of by editors, 30, 31,
32.

Anderson, J. D., don. tomus., 109, 241.

Asiatic Society of Bengal, don. by of
Journal, 81.

Ashmead, Samuel, don. to mus., 29, 52,
69, 163, 176, 241: remarks on a pe-

culiarity in the calcareous spar from
Rossie Lead mines, 6.
Ashmead, H. E., don. to mus., 109.
Audubon, J. J., don. to mus., 164.
Australian Museum, don. to mus., 175.
Ayr, William, don. to mus., 205.

Bache, Prof. A. D., don. to lib., 189.
Bachman, Rev. Dr., Notes on the gene-
ration of the Virginian Opossum, 40.
Baird, Prof. 8. F., don. to mus., 29,
don. to lib., 263.
Babbage, Charles, don. to lib., 31, 81.
Beasley, Theophilus, don. to mus., 163.
Berendt, Dr., don. to lib., 166.
Blanchard, M. Emile, don. to lib., 111.
Bovy, Mons., don. to mus., 29.
Boston Society of Natural History, don.
of Journal of, 82; of Proceedings, 111,
Bourcier, M., don. to mus., 137.

MMP

Boyé, Dr. M. H., don. to lib., 191.

B ogerslawski, Prof., don. to lib., 243.

Bridges, Dr. Robert, don. to lib., 190;
don. to mus., 138; remarks on esti-
mates relating to the length of the
year, 58.

Bryan, Wm. C., don. to mus., 109.

British Association, don. to lib., 55.

Browne, Peter A., paper read by, en-
titled ‘“‘Reasons for believing that
animal torpidity isinfluenced by elec-
trical currents,” 2.

Bristol Institution, don. to mus., 163.

Budd, Charles T., don. to mus., 164,
Wyte

Burlington College, don. to mus., 109.

Butcher, William, don. to mus., 109.

By-Laws, amendments to, 50, 148.

Calcutta Journal of Nat. Hist., don. of
by editors, 177.

Cantor, Dr. Theodore, don. to lib., 81.

Carpenter, Dr. Wm. 8., don. to mus.,
Weis

Cartwright, Dr. Samuel, don. to lib.,
242,

Carson, Dr. Joseph, don. to mus., 109.

Carey, John, don. to lib., 32.

Cassin, John, remarks on the man-
agement of monkeys in captivity, 3;
description of new species of Cyano-
corax, 29; descriptions of new species
of Vidua, Briss., Euplectes, Sw., Py-
renestes, Sw., and Pitylus, Cuv., 65.;
description of a new Tanagra, 85 ;
Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr.
Wm. S. Pease, 87; description of
Owls, supposed to be new, 121 ; de-
scriptions of new species of Nyctale
and Sycobius, 157; Notes of an ex-
amination of the family Vulturidz,
158 ; remarks on a specimen of Anas
Rafflesii from Louisiana, 195; De-
scriptions of new species of Capri-
mulgidz, 236; special report, as Cura-
tor, on the Ornithological collection
of the Academy, 256.

Chambers, Andrew R,, don. to mus., 79.

iv. INDEX.

Club of Members, don. to mus., by, 29.| new species of Nyctale and Sycobius,

Committees, Scientific, for 1848, 2: for | 150 ; on Mr. Conrad’s descriptions of

1849, 148,

Committee on Mr. Nuttall’s descrip-

tions of new plants from the Rocky |
Mountains and California, collected |
by W. Gambel, 3; on Dr. Leidy’s pa-
per on some bodies in the boa con-
strictor resembling the Pacinian cor-
puscles,3; on Mr,Cassin’s descriptions
of new species of Cyanocorax, 7 ; on
Dr. Bachman’s Notes on the generation
of the Virginian Opossum, 35 ; on Dr.
Hallowell’s descriptions of two new
species of Onychocepbalus from Afri-
ca, 35; on Dr. Mydleton Mitchell’s re-
marks on the generation of the Opos-
sum, 36; on Mr. Henry C. Lea’s
catalogue of the Tertiary Testacea of
the U.S., 36; on Dr. Leidy’s descrip-
tion of Merycoidodon Culbertsonii,
36; on Mr. Dickeson’s paper, Microsco-
pic examination of the development
of the foetus of the Succinia amphibia,
57; on Major M’Call’s Notes on Mexi-
can birds heretofore not fully de-
scribed, 58; on Mr. Conrad’s obser-
vations on new Eocene fossils from
Vicksburg, Mississippi, 58; on Dr. R.
W. Gibbes’ Monograph of the fossil.
Squalide of the U.S., 65 ; on Mr.
Cassin’s descriptions of new species
of Vidua, Euplectes, Pyrenestes and
Pitylus, 65 ; on Dr. Gambel’s descrip-
tion of a new Mexican Quail, 74; on
Dr. Gambel’s descriptions of new
Californian Quadrupeds, 76; on Dr.
Hallowell’s Notes of the post-mortem
appearances observed in a Cynocepha-
lus porcarius, 83 ; on Mr. Cassin’s de-
scription of a new Tanager from the
Rio Negro, 84; on Mr. Pease’s paper
on the Geology and Natural History
of part of Mexico, 85; ona Catalogue
of Mexican birds by the same, 85; on
Mr. Conrad’s descriptions of new
species of recent Shells, 120; on Dr.
Gambel’s Catalogue of the Columbi-
de in the collection of the Academy,
120; on Mr. Cassin’s descriptions of
new Owls, 120; on Dr. Gambel's Con-
tributions to American Ornithology,
120; on Dr. Hallowell’s description
of a new Salamander from California,
120; on Dr. Morton’s Additional ob-
servations on a new living species of
Hippopotamus, 149; on Mr. Cassin’s
Catalogue of the Vulturide and Stri-
gid in the collection of the Academy,
150; on Mr. Cassin’s descriptions of

new fresh-water and Marine Shells,
150; on Mr. Cassin’s Notes on the
Vulturid# and Strigide in the collec-
tion of the Academy, 150; on Dr.
Hallowell’s notes of a post-mortem
examination of a Cynocephalus, 150;
on Dr. Gambel’s remarks on the
Birds of Upper California, 169; on
Dr. Gambel’s Notes on the Pidgeons,
169; on Prof. Haldeman’s description
of new species of Cryptocephalus,
169; on Dr. Keller's memoir on Cili-
ary cells of some marine naked Mol-
lusca, in embryo, 169; on Dr. Meigs’
observations on the reproductive or-
gans and on the foetus of the Delphi-
nus nesarnak, 172; on Dr. Leidy’s re-
marks on the fragments of Tapirus
Americanus fossilis in the collection
of the Academy, 179; on Dr. Hal-
lowell’s Description of a new species
of Eryx, 183 ; on Dr. Savage’s com-
munication on the Driver Auts of
West Africa, 184; on Prof. Halde-
man’s descriptions of new species of
Hymenoptera, 193; on Dr. Savage's
paper on the Termitide of West
Africa, 209; on Mr. Van Amringe’s
letter proposing a new system of
Zoological classification, 224; on Mr.
Cassin’s descriptions of new species
of Caprimulgidaw, 234; on Dr. Gibbes’
descriptions of new species of Mylio-
bates from the Eocene of South Caro-
lina, 245; on Dr. Leidy’s descriptions
of two species of Distoma, 247; on
Dr. Leidy’s description of new Ento-
pbyta, 248; on Dr. Le Conte’s paper
“an attempt to classify the Longicorn
Coleoptera of America north of
Mexico,” 248 ; on Dr. Morton’s paper
on the size of the brain in the various
races of Man, 248; on a paper by
Professor Baird, Revision of the North
American Tailed-Batrachia, 204,

Committee on Dr. Savage’s paper on
the Driver Ants of West Africa, ob-
servations by, 200.

Conrad, T. A., don. to mus., 138; don.
to lib., 30; Descriptions of two new
genera, and new species of recent
shells, &c., 121; descriptions of new
fresh-water and marine shells, 152.

Cook, Jobn, don. to mus., 69 ; don. to
lib., 205. .

Cooper, C. C., don. to lib., 52.

Correspondents elected :

Blythe, Edward, Calcutta, 78.

INDEX. Vv.

Brydges, Sir Harford, England, 68.
Cantor, Dr. Theodore, Bengal Medi-
cal Service, 78.
Cobb, Prof. J., Kentucky, 107.
Doane, Rt. Rev. George W., New
Jersey, 107.
Dowler, Dr. Bennett, New Orleans,
68.
Ehrenberg, Chr. Gotfried, Berlin, 51.
Eschrict, Prof., Copenhagen, 51.
Fischer, de Waldheim M., Moscow,
107.
Fremont, Col. J. C., U.S. A., 51.
Goodsir, John D., Edinburgh, 260.
Henderson, Dr. A. A., U.S. N., 74.
Holmes, Francis 8., Charleston, S. C.
78.
Jackson, Dr. R. M.8., Pennsylvania,
74.
Jones, Dr. Wm. L., Riceboro, Geo.,
By i
Kaup, Jean Jacq., Darmstadt, 28.
Kirtland, Dr. J. P., Ohio, 167.
Michel, Dr. Mydleton, Charleston,
162.
Porcher, Dr. Francis P., 8. Carolina,
224,
Ravenel, Henry W.,S. Carolina, 162.
Scoresby, Rev. Wm. D. D., England,
28.
Schouw, Prof. J. Fred., Copenhagen,
51.
Sharpey, Wm. S., London, 260.
Strickland, Hugh E., London, 78.
Shumard, Dr. Benj. F., Kentucky,
107.
Tiedemann, Dr. Frederick, Heidel-
berg, 64.
Tuckerman, Edward, Massachusetts,
107.
Van Amringe, Wm. F., New York,
68.
Verreaux, M. Jules, Paris, 149.
Wood, Dr. W. Maxwell, U.S. N., 3.
Yandell, Dr. L. P., Kentucky, 107.
Culbertson, Joseph, don. to mus., 52
Curators, report for 1848, 132; for 1849,
254; announcement by of reception
of a collection of Sivalik fossils from
the Hast India Company, 75.
Cramer, Charles, don. to lib., 30, 140.

Dallas, George M., don. to lib., 55, 81.

Dana, R. H., don. to lib., 54.

Dana, J. D., don. to lib., 32, 242.

Dana, S.°L., don. to lib., 112.

Dantzig Nat. Hist. Society, don. to lib.,
166.

Davenport, Mrs., don. to mus., 137.

Dawson, Dr., of Phila., don. to mus.,109.

Dawson, J. W., of Pictou, N. S., don.
to mus., 69 ;. Notes of specimens of
the Wheat Midge from Nova Scotia,
210.

Denny, Henry, don. to lib., 31, 166, 242.

Desilver, Thomas, don. to mus., 261.

Dewey, William, don. to mus., 79.

Dickeson, Dr. M. W., don. to mus., 29 ;
don. to lib., 31.

Dillwyn, L. W., don. to lib., 140, 165.

Dix, J. L., don. to lib., 143.

Doubleday, Edw.,don. to mus., 109,110.

Dowler, Dr. Bennett, don. to lib., 112,
166, 188, 265.

Dundas, James, don. to mus., 176.

East India Company, don. to mus., 79.
Election of Corres. and Rec. Secreta-

ries, 74; of Record. Sec., 183.
Eyre, M. D., don. to mus., 138.

Faraday, Michael, don. to lib., 189.
Fisher, J. Coleman, don. to mus., 241.
Fisher, Thomas, don. to mus., 51.
Fischer, de Waldheim M., don. to lib.,
54, 265.
Fitton, Wm. Henry, don. to lib., 164.
Fletcher, Charles S., don. to mus., 138.
Fraser, John F., don. to lib., 176.
Fremont, Col. J. C., don. to lib., 111.

Gambel, Dr. William, don. to mus., 175;
don. to lib., 54; observations on some
birds from Florida, collected by Dr.
Hermann, 74; description of a new
Mexican Quail, 77; contributions to
Amet. Ornithology, 126; resignation
as Record. Sec., 179.

Gartland, F. X., don. to mus., 187.

Geneva Nat. Hist. Society, don. of me-
moirs of, 81.

Germain, L. J., don. to mus., 51, 109,
137.

Gibbes, Dr. R. W., don. to mus., 109;
don. to lib., 166, 205; letter to from.
Prof. Agassiz in relation to Zeuglo-
don cetoides, 4; letter from to Dr.
Morton on same subject, 57.

Gilliss, Lieut., U.S.N., don. to lib., 205.

Gliddon, George R., don. to mus., 69 ;
don. to lib., 143.

Goddard, Dr. Paul B., don. to mus., 29,
187.

Gould, Dr. A. A., don. to mus., 163;
don. to lib., 111.

Gourlie, Wm., Jr., don. to mus., 163.

Graff, Mrs. C. H., don. to mus., 138.

Grant, Dr. W. R., don. to mus., 110,

Gray, Dr. Asa, don. to lib, 32, 176.

Gray, J. E., don. to lib., 81.

vi. IND

Griffith, Dr. R. E., don. to mus., 51, 69,
262; dep. in lib., 52, 54, 55, 55, 71,
81, 112, 140, 142, 164, 165, 176, 178, |
205, 206, 243, 244, 266.

Griffith, M. E., don. to mug., 163.

Hagedorn, Mr., don. to mus., 187.

Haldeman, S. S., don. to mus., 109;
don. to lib., 32, 55, 82, 244, 269; re-
marks on the fibrous lava from the
Hawaiian Islands, 5; descriptions of
new species of Cryptocephaling, 170;
descriptions of some new Hymenop-
tera, 203.

Haldeman, Lieut., don. to mus., 109.

Hallowell, Dr. E., don. to mus., 51, 109,
241: descriptions of two new species
of Onychocephalus from Africa, 59; |
post-mortem appearances observed in
a Cynocephalus papion,62; post-mor-
tem examination of a Cynocephalus
porcarius, 86; on a new Salamander |
from Upper California, 126; post-
mortem exam. of a Cynocephalus,
151; correction of an error in the
locality of the Salamander described |
at page 126, 183; description ofa new |
Eryx from Madras, 184; remarks on
the young of Coluber venustus, 245.

Hare, Dr. Robert, don. to lib., 32.

Harris, Edward, don. to mus., 79, 109, |
241.

Harrison, Mr., don. to mus., 187.

Hays, Dr. Isaac, don. to lib., 244.

Hazzard, H., don. to mus., 187.

Heermann, Dr., don. to mus., 30, 81,
137, 175.

Hembel, William, don. to mus., 164;
don. to lib., 143, 243; letter de-
clining a re-election as President,
247; resolutions by Academy relative
thereto, 248.

Henderson, Dr. A. A., don. to mus.,
138.

Henry, Dr. Bernard, don. to mus., 261.

EX.

| Jackson, Dr. Chas. T., don. to lib., 31,

72.
Jameson, William, Jr., don. to mus., 51.
Johnston, Prof. J., don. to mus., 164.
Johnson, Prof. W. R., don. to lib., 70,
177, 189; communication from, 84.
Jones, G. N., don. to mus., 79.
Jones, Dr. Wm. L., don. to mus., 52.
Journal of Indian Archipelago and
Eastern Asia, don. of by Editor, 32,
52, 70, 81, 138, 191, 243, 269.

Keller, Dr. Wm., on ciliary cells in
some marine naked Mollusca in em-
bryo, 173 ; remarks on calculi from
the bladder of the whale, 180; analy-
sis of the same, 185.

Kilvington, Robert, don. to mus., 30;
don. to lib., 110, 111.

Lacordaire, Th., don. to lib., 138, 191.
Lambert, John, don. to mus., 29, 80;
don. to lib., 31, 72. ‘

Lea, Isaac, don. to lib., 178.

Lea, Henry C., catalogue of the Tertia-
ry Testacea of the United States, 95.
Le Conte, Dr. John L., don. to lib., 265.

Lepsius, Prof., don. to lib., 189.

Leeds Literary and Philosoph. Society,
don. to lib., 31.

Leidy, Dr. Joseph, don. to mus., 110,
261; don. to lib., 31, 52, 138, 139,
143, 178,189; on the existence of the
eye in the perfect Cirrhipoda, 1; re-
marks on the hair of a Hottentot boy
brought to Philada. by Capt. Chase,
7; on certain bodies resembling Paci-
nian corpuscles inthe Boa constrictor,
27; on anew fossil genus and species
of Ruminantoid Pachydermata, Mery-
codoidon Culbertsonii, 47; on the de-
velopmentofthe Purkinjean corpuscle
in bone, 116; on the existence of the
intermaxillary bone in the embryo of
the human subject, 145; on the Ta-

Heuland, H., don. to mus., 137.
Historical Soc. of Penna., don. of
Proceedings of, 31.

Hobson, William, don. to mus., 69.

Holmes, Francis S., don. to lib., 143.

Horsfield, Dr. Thomas, don. to mus.,
80; don. to lib., 82.

Howard, John G., don. to mus., 205.

Imperial Soc. of Nat. of Moscow, don.
of Bulletin of, 54, 142, 243, 269.

Imperial Mineralog. Soc. of St. Peters-
burg, don. to lib., 177.

Jackson, Dr. J. B. S., don. to lib., 55.

pirus Americanus fossilis, 180; on
the existence of Entophyta in healthy
animals, asa natural condition, 225;
on the odoriferous glands of the Inver-
tebrata, 234; descriptions of new
| generaand species of Entophyta, 249.
Letters from individuals :

Allinson, George B., 84.

Bache, Prof. A. D., 73.

Bancroft, Hon. George, 57.

Beck, Dr. T. Romeyn, 245, 248.
Berendt, Dr., 150.

Berzelius, the Baroness, 147.
Blythe, Edward, 183.

Bowman, A. H., 65.

INDEX.

Brown, Richard, 36, 74.
Cantor, Dr. Theodore, 73.
Carpenter, Dr. Wm. M., 1.
Cautley, Major P. T., 120.
Cobb, Prof. J., 150.

Dana, J. B., 149.

Denny, Henry, 2.

Dowler, Dr. Bennett, 84.
Eschricht, Prof., 184.
Faraday, Michael, 35.
Fischer de Waldheim, M., 195.
Foulke, William P., 247.
Fremont, Col. J. C., 76.
Gibbes, Dr. R. W., 1, 179.
Gilliss, Lieut. J. M., 120.
Grecx, John A., 84.

Hembel, William, 224, 247, 249.
Henderson, Dr. A. A., 83.
Hildreth, Dr. S. P., 1.
Holmes, F.S., 83, 84.

Horsfield, Dr. Thomas, 73, 115, 172.

Jameson, William, 183.
Jackson, Dr. Charles T., 5.
Jackson, Dr. R. M.S., 84.
Johnson, Walter R., 84.
Jones, Dr. Wm. L., 65.
Kaup, J. J., 83.
Kenworthey, Dr. C. T., 149.
Kern, Richard H., 245.
Lacordaire, Prof. Th., 115, 194.
Leidy, Dr. Joseph, 73.
McMinn, J. M., 246.
Michel, Dr. Mydleton, 172, 183.
Morse, A. H. 224.
Motchaulsky, M. Victor, 249.
Nicholson, Dr. Charles, 115.
Norman, Benj. M., 84.
Parkinson, Caspar, 234.
Porcher, Dr. F. P., 245.
Prince de Wied, 193.
Ravenel, Henry W., 172, 248.
Redfield, Wm. C., 39.
Savage, Rev. T. S., 5, 35.
Scoresby, Rev. Wm., 76.
Selby, Prideaux J., 36.
Shelley, Dr. Joel Y., 1.
Shumard, Dr. Benj. F., 145.
Smith, Dr. H., 145.
Smith, Joseph, 36.
Squire, E. George, 172.
Strickland, Hugh E., 115.
Sturm, F. and J. W., 245.
Sturm, Prof. J., 65.
Thompson, William, 5.
Tuckerman, Edward, 115.
Van Amringe, Wm. F., 83.
Verreaux, M., 183.
Wood, Dr. Wm. Maxwell, 6.
Yandell, Dr. L. P., 145.
Letters from Societies, &c.:

ca

Vii.

Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences,
120.

Amer. Philosoph. Society, 36, 71, 83,
117, 180, 224.

Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, 74.

British Museum, 172, 183.

Directors of E. India Co. Mus., 73,
172.

Edinburgh Geological Soc., 179.

Geological Soc. of London, 1, 73, 172.

Imperial Soc. of Naturalists of Mos-
cow, 35, 116, 209.

Linnean Soc. of London, 6, 83.

Lyceum of Nat. Hist. of New York,
84, 179, 224.

Regents of Univ. of the State of New
York, 149.

Royal Acad. of Sciences of Brussels,
194.

Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences,
149, 224.

Royal Society of London, 248,

Royal Society of Copenhagen, 74.

Smithsonian Institution, 116, 246.

Society for developing the mineral
resources of the United States, 65.

Western Acad. of Nat. Sciences, 245.

Lewis, Dr. E. J., don. to mus., 69, 241.

Librarian’s Report for 1848, 130; for
1849, 252.

Linnean Assoc. of Penn. College, don,
of Journal of, 31, 32, 52, 54, 70, 72,
81, 82, 110, 112, 140.

Linnean Society of London, don. of
Transac. of, 32; of Proceedings, 111.

Longchamps, Ed. de Selys, don. to lib.,
269.

Lyceum of Nat. Hist. of New York,
don. of Annals of, 111.

Marcon, M. Jules, don. to lib., 177.

Markoe, Francis, Jr., don. to mus., 79.

Mantell, G. A., don. to lib., 164, 266,

McAndrew, Mr., don. to mus., 163.

McCall, Major Geo. A., Notes on some
Mexican Birds heretofore not fully
described, 63.

McFarland, Rev. Mr., don. to mus., 176.

McMinn, J. M., don. to mus., 271; let-
ter from on the ‘snow flea,’ 246.

McMurtrie, Dr. H., don. to mus., 137.

Medical Examiner, don. of by editors,
265,

Meigs, Dr. Charles D., don. to musz., 29,
188; on the mode of copulation of
the Opossum, 58; letter on the effects
of deep-sea pressure on the uterus of
the Cetacea, 193.

Members elected :

Barton, Thomas Pennant, 174.

Vili.

Belknap, Henry, 179.
Biddle, Alexander, 78.
Cooke, John, 3.
Cope, Caleb, 3.
Dillingham, Wm. H., 3.
Foulke, Wm. P. 247;
Goddard, Rey. Kingston, 3.
Grant, Dr. Wm. R., 260.
Haines, Robert B., 3.
Horner, Prof. Wm. E£., 162.
Henry, Dr. Bernard, 179.
Lea, Henry C., 28.
Lejée, Wm. R., 28.
Lewis, Dr. Francis W., 239.
Meigs, Prof. Charles D., 51.
Norris, Octavius A., 239.
Roberts, Edward, 64,
Smith, John Jay, 28.
Smith, Dr. Francis, G., 162.
Whitman, Wm. E. 28.
Wilson, Wm. S., 68.
Wolgemuth, F. F., 28.
Michael, Capt. W., don. to mus., 175.
Michel, Dr. Mydleton, on the generation
of the Opossum, 46.
Moricand, M., don. to mus., 164.
Morris, Miss E. C., don. to mus., 175;
don. to lib., 177.
Morris, Miss M. H.,
culmicola, 194.
Morton, Dr. S. G., don. to and dep. in
mus., 29, 51, 52, 69, 80, 137, 187, 241,
261; don. to lib., 32, 52, 72, 143, 164,
188,189, 190, 265; observations on a
Bushman Hottentot boy brought to
Philada., 5 ; remarks on some ancient
Peruvian crania from Pisco, 39; on
some crania of Shoshonee Indians, 75;
on an antique silver image from Peru,
115; observations on the size of the
brain in various races and families of
man, 221; ona specimen of “ bloody
bread,” 246.

Morton, Wm. T. G., don. to lib., 176.

Moss, Theodore F., don. to mus., 138,
175, 188, 241.

on Cecidomyia

Neill, Dr. John, don. to mus., 241.

Newbold, Wm. L., don. to mus., 175;
remarks on some peculiarities in the
African cranium, 221.

Nott, Dr. Josiah C., don. to lib., 205.

Nuttall, Thomas, don. to lib., 82; de-
scriptions of plants from the Rocky
Mountains and California, collected
by W. Gambel, 7.

Officers for 1848, 136; for 1849, 260.
Palmer, A. A., don. to lib., 111.

INDEX.

Pease,Wm. S., observations on the geo-
logy and natural history of Mexico,91.

Peirce, Jacob, remarks on a hybrid be-
tween the Guinea fowl and Peacock,
35.

Percival, Thomas C., don. to mus., 137;
don. to lib., 70, 81.

Percival, Miss M., don. to lib., 244.

Piddington, Henry, don. to lib., 244.

Pitcher, R., U.S. N., don. to mus., 241.

Pickering, Dr. Charles, on the faculty
of vision in the Balani, 2; remarksin
relation to estimates of the length of
the year, 58.

Powel, Samuel, don, to mus., 138, 187,
205, 241.

Publication Committee of Acad. Nat.
Sci., don. to lib., 82, 205; announce-
ment by, of publication of part 2, new
series of journal, 75; do. of part 3,193.

Pulte, Dr. J. H., don. to lib., 52.

Prince de Wied, don. to lib., 205.

Professeurs du Jardia des Plantes, don.
to mus., 109.

Ravenel, Dr. E., don. to lib., 188.

Read, James, don. to mus., 187; don.
to lib., 71.

Recording Secretary, report of, for 1848
and 1849, 251.

Redfield, Wm. C., don. to mus., 109.

Redfield, John H., don. to lib., 111.

Regents of University of State of New
York, 82, 138, 166, 189.

Reid, Mr., don. to mus., 137.

Report of committee on Mr. Conrad’a
additionaldescriptions of tertiary fus-
sils cf the United States, 64; ou Dr.
GibLes’ monograph of the fossil Sgua-
lide of the United States, 65; apoint-
ed to prepare a corrected list of mem-
bers and correspondents, 116; on Prof.
Johnson’s letter proposing to memo-
rialize Congress on the importance
of adding a naturalist to the astro-
nomical expedition to Caili, 116; on
Mr. Cassin’s catalogue of the vultu-
ridz and strigide in the collection of
the Academy, 150; on Dr. Morton’s
additional observations on a new
species of hippopotamus, 162; on
Dr. Gambel’s remarks on the birds of
California,and also on his notes on the
Columbide in the collection of the
Academy, 171; on Dr. Meigs’ obser-

’ vations on the reproductive organs,
and on the foetus of the Delphinus
Nesarnak, 174; on Prof. Haldeman’s
descriptions of new cryptocephalinz,
179; of the committee appointed to

INDEX.

guperintend the printing of a new
edition of the by-laws, 179; on Prof.
Baird’s revision of the North Ameri-
can tailed-batrachia, 209; of the com-
mittee on proceedings in reference to
the sale of Say’s American concho-
logy, 209; of the committee appoint-
ed to enquire into the expediency of
altering the room adjoining the lib-
rary, so as to adapt it to the purposes
of the latter, 246; on Dr. Gibbes’ des-
criptions of new species of Myliobates
from the Eocene of S. Carolina, 247;
on Dr. Leidy’s descriptions of two
species of Distoma, 248; on Dr. Le
Conte’s memoir on the Longicorn
Coleoptera of the United States, 249.
Report on the Ornithological collection
of the Academy by Mr. Cassin, 256.
Retzius, Prof., don, to lib.,189, 265, 269.
Resignation of Corresponding and Re-
cording Secretaries, 73.
Resolutions: to present the thanks of
the Academy to M. Bovy for a me-
dallion of Cuvier, 2; to inform M.
Vattemare that the Academy was
prepared to exchange with the En-
ropean Museums, 2; to request of Dr.
Shelly further information respecting
the locality for certain fossils in
Berks Co., Pa., 6; to present a copy

1x:

Journal, 194; to appoint a committee
respecting proposed alterations in the
room adjoining the library, to adapt
it to the purposes of the same, 245 ;
to present to the Western Academy
of Natural Sciences portions of the
Proceedings, 245.

Rogers, Prof. H. D., remarks ou the for-
mation of mountain ridges, 145.

Royal Academy of Sciences of Belgium,
don. to lib., 208.

Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences,
don. to lib., 166, 243.

Rnschenbergar, Dr. W.S., don. to mus.,
176. :

Sanborn, D. M., don. to mus., 109.

Savage, Rev. T. S., don. to mus., 29 ;
letter to Dr.. Hallowell in relation to
thé habits of some African animals,
36; on the Driver ants of Western
Africa, 195; on the species of Ter-
mitide of West Africa, 211.

Say, Mrs. Lucy W., don. to lib., 164,
165, 166, 177, 178, 189.

Sergeant, John, Jr., don. to lib., 190.

Sergeant, J. D., don. to mus., 188.

Silliman, B. Jr., don. to lib., 265.

Silliman’s Journal, don., of by editors,
31, 54,. 71, 81, 110, 138, 164, 177,
189, 191, 243, 265.

of the proceedings to Dr. Savage, 36;| Skelton, Dr., don. to mus., 69.

to present part 1, new series of Jour-
nal to M. Fischer de Waldheim, 36 ;
presenting the thanks of the Society
to Prof. W. R. Johnson for his ser-
vices as Corresponding Secretary, 73;
presenting the thanks of the Society
to Mr. J. Lambert for his services as
Recording Secretary, 74; presenting
the thanks of the Society to the Court
of Directors of the East India Co.’s
Museum for a collection of casts of
Sivalik fossils, 76; presenting the
thanks of the Society to Dr. Thomas
Horsfield for a cast of the cranium of
Sivatherium giganteum, 76; instruct-
ing Secretary to invite the members
of the American Association for the
advancement of Science to visit the
Academy while in Philadelphia, 83;
to present to Dr. Wm. Blanding parts
1 and 2, new series of the Jourual,
120; appointing a committee to su-
perintend the printingof a new edition
of tne by-laws, 171; to loan from the
cabinet to Agassiz the cranium of a
Manatus, 174; to present to the Prince
de Wied part 2, vol. 8, first series,
and parts 1, 2 and 3, new series of the

Skerret, Dr., don. to lib., 52.

Smith, Mrs. J. B., don. to mus., 69.

Smithsonian Institution, don. to lib.,
205.

Spooner, Mrs. J. E., don. to mus., 137.

Squier, E. G., don. to lib., 165.

State of SouthCarolina, don. to lib.,166.

Stoever, M. L., don. to lib., 143.

Stott, Mrs. Eliz. extracts from will of,
74; don. to lib. by Executors of, 81.

Sturm, Jacob, don. to lib., 72.

Sturm, F. & J. W., don. to lib., 265.

Sullivant, Wm. §., don. to lib., 71.

Taylor, R. C., don. to mus., 261; don.
to lib., 111.

Taylor, J. H., don. to mus., 69.

Taylor, James, don. to mus., 51..

Thompson, Wm., don. to mus., 187;
don. to lib., 190, 191.

Townsend, J. K., don. to mus., 51.

Troost, Dr. Gerard, don. to lib., 176.

U. S. Treasury Department, don. to
lib., 81.

Van Amringe, Wm. F., don. to lib., 72.
Vargas, Dr., don, to mus., 69.

x. INDEX.

Vattemare, Alexander, don. to lib., 31.

Vaux, Wm. S., don. to mus., 109, 176,
261.

Verneuil, M. de, don. to lib., 31.

Verreaux, M. Ed., don. to mus., 163,
187.

Walker, Peter, don. to mus., 202.
Warren, Dr. J. C., don. to mus., 175.
Watson, John, don. to mus., 165, 271.
Watson, Dr. Gavin, don. to mus., 29,
30, 51, 69, 79, 176, 187, 241, 261.

Weissmuller, Mr., don. to mus., 163.

Western Academy of Natural Sciences,
don. to lib., 166.

Wilson, Dr. T. B., don. to mus., 29, 51,
69, 79, 109, 110, 137, 138, 163, 175,
176, 187, 241, 261; dep. in mus., 29,
52, 138, 175; don. to lib., 263, 264,
265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270: dep. in
lib., 30, 31, 32, 33, 52, 54, 55, 56, 70,
71, 7 OL BOLI: Bat de Ess,

140, 141, 142, 143, 164, 165, 166,
167, 176, 177, 178, 188, 189, 190,
191, 205, 206, 207, 208, 242, 243.

Wilson, E. T. and C, W., don, to mus.,
241.

Wilson, Edward, don. to mus., 163;
don, to lib., 110, 267.

Wistar, Dr., don. to mus., 241.

Wislezenus, Dr. A., don. to lib., 70.

Wood, William S., don. to mus., 29,
138.

Woodhouse, Dr. Samuel W., don. to
mus., 69, 138. j

Wyman, Dr. Jeffries, don. to lib., 54,
188,

Yandell, Dr. L. P., don. to lib., 70.
Young, Aaron, Jr., don. to Jib., 31.

Zoological Society of London, don. of
Transactions and Proceedings of, 32.

Fa

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
OF PHILADELPAIA.

January 11th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. S. P. Hildreth, of Marietta, Ohio, dated
December 24th, 1847, relating to a peculiar variety of the Glow-
worm.

A letter from Dr. Joel Y. Shelley, dated Hereford, Berks county,
Pennsylvania, in reference tosome valuable fossil remains from that
vicinity, was read and referred to the Geological and Mineralogical
Committee.

A communication was read from the Secretary of the Geological
Society of London, dated Somerset House, 4th of November, 1847,
acknowledging the receipt of recent numbers of the Proceedings.

Dr. Morton read a letter addressed to him by Dr. R. W. Gibbes,
dated Columbia, S. C., December 25th, 1847, in relation to the Basii-
osaurus, and announcing a new fossil genus Saurocetus.

A letter was read from Dr. William M. Carpenter, of New Orleans,
dated December 11th, 1847, enclosing a communication addressed to
the Academy, by Dr. E. Pilate, of Opelousas, 8. C., dated October 29th,
1847, and proposing exchanges of books or objects of Natural History.
Referred to the Curators.

Dr, Leidy remarked, that the existence of the eye in the perfect
condition of the Cirrhopoda, has been denied by all anatomists up to
the present time, but its presence in the larva or imperfect stages. is
very generally acknowledged. Several years since, having’ received
some living specimens of Lalanus rugosus adhering to an oyster, he sub-
mitted them to dissection, in the course of which he noticed upon the
dark purple membrane which lines the shell and muscular columns
running to the opercula, on each side of the anterior middle line, a
small, round black body, surrounded by a colorless ring or space of
the membrane, which, upon submitting to a low power of the micro-
scope, he found to be an eye, composed of a vitreous body, having
nearly two-thirds of its posterior part covered by pigmentum nigrum,
and attached to a nervous filament, which he afterwards traced to the

Proc. Acap. Nat. Sci. or Puiwa., Vou. iv. No. 1. 1

2 ; [JAN.

supra-cosophageal ganglia. The presence of this organ in other species
or genera he had not yet had an opportunity of determining. (See
Plate, Fig. 4.)

Dr. Pickering mentioned in confirmation of the Balani possessing
the faculty of vision, that in their native situations, he had frequently
observed them suddenly retract their cirrhi, and close the opercula,
when the hand was passed over and above them.

January 18th,1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

Mr. Peter A. Browne read a paper, entitled “Reasons for believing
that animal torpidity is influenced by the annihilation, or interruption,
of electrical currents ;” which was referred to Dr. Bridges, Professor
Johnson, and Dr. Pickering.

A letter was read from Henry Denny, Esq., dated Philosophical
Hall, Leeds, December 7th, 1847, addressed to the Secretary of the
Academy, presenting several numbers of the Proceedings of the Geo-
logical and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of Yorkshire..,

On motion of Mr. Townsend, the Corresponding Secretary was
directed to present the thanks of the Society to Mons. A. Bovy, the
artist of a beautiful medallion of Baron Cuvier, presented by him
this evening through Mr. A. Vattemare.

On motion of Dr. Leidy, the Corresponding Secretary was instructed
to inform Mr. Vattemare, that the Academy was prepared to com-
mence a system of exchanges of objects of Natural History, with the
Museums of Europe, as soon as lists of the especial wants of the latter
were made out and furnished to the Society.

January 25th, 1848.
Vice-President Morton in the Chair.

On motion of Professor Johnson, it was Resolved, That a new and
revised edition of the ‘‘ Notice of the Academy,” be prepared under the
supetiztendence of the author, in such manner as to give a condensed
view 77 the present state, as well as past history of the Institution, and
that fi ye hundred copies be printed for the use of the Academy.

On motion of Dr. Bridges, Resolved, That Peter A. Browne, Esq.,
be requested to present tothe Library of the Academy, a copy of his
paper, entitled ‘Reasons for believing that animal torpidity is in-
fluenced by the interruption or annihilation of electrical currents.”

The following Committees were elected for the ensuing twelve
months :

Geological and Mineralogical.

J. Price Wetherill, T. A. Conrad,
Samuel George Morton, William S. Vaux,
Thomas R. Wilson, Samuel Ashmead,

John Lambert.

1848.] 3

Zoological.

Robert E. Griffith, John Cassin,
S. S. Haldeman, Edward Harris,
Edward Hallowell, William Gambel,
Joseph Leidy.
Botanical.
Robert Bridges, R. E. Griffith,
William S. Zantzinger, Gavin Watson,
Robert Kilvington.
Physics.
Walter R. Johnson, John 8. Phillips,
Paul B. Goddard, Thomas C. Percival,
Samuel Powel.
LInbrary.
R. Bridges, T. C. Percival,
8. B. Ashmead, Benjamin J. Kern,

M. Carey Lea.
Committee on Proceedings.

8. G. Morton, Corresponding and
J. 8S. Phillips, Recording Secretaries,
W. 8. Zantzinger, ex-officio.

Caleb Cope, Esq., William H. Dillingham, Esq., John Cooke, Esq.,
and the Rev. Kingston Goddard, of Philadelphia, andRobert B. Haines,
Esq., of Germantown, were elected Members, and Dr. William Max-
well Wood, U.S. N., was elected a Correspondent.

- February 1st, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A communication was presented, entitled, ‘‘ Descriptions of some
new plants collected by Mr. William Gambel in the Rocky Mountains,
and California, by Thomas Nuttall, F. L. 8.” Referred to Dr. Bridges,
Mr. Gambel, and Dr. Zantzinger.

Dr. Leidy read a paper “‘On some peculiar bodies in the Boa con-
strictor, resembling the Pacinian corpuscles,” which was referred to a
committee, consisting of Drs. Hallowell, Morton, and Bridges.

Mr. Cassin, referring the Academy to a paper by Professor Percy, ‘“‘ Un the
management of Monkeys in captivity,” published in the Proceedings of the Zoo-
logical Society of London, for 1844, made some remarks on that subject.

He characterized Prof. Percy’s observations as highly judicious and evidently
the result of much experience,—he (Mr. C.) wished however to point out the
fact, that in the enumeration of articles suitable for the diet of those animals in
confinement, Prof. P. had mentioned on animal food, except milk, an omission
difficult to account for, as Prof. P. observes in the same paper, ‘* the Marmozet
eats spiders with great avidity.”

Mr. C. stated that it was a well known fact, that many of the American
species fed not upon fruit solely, but also upon insects, bird’s eggs, and even

+ ‘ [ Frs.

birds, and he had also ascertained, that several African species not only devoured
insects with eagerness, but also caught them with great dexterity. A specimen
of the Cercopithecus sabeus, observed by him, was very fond of the common
cockroach, and upon being furnished with a daily supply of that insect, actually
recovered perfect health after symptoms of disease had made their appearance.
This individual caught cockroaches with surprising adroitness, and when one
escaped, he would watch for it to reappear with the patience and quiet of a cat.

Mr. C. stated as his opinion, that all the African monkeys (and perhaps all
others) were insect eaters, and to a person aware of the large number and enor-
mous size of many of the species of Coleoptera of Africa, it wood appear a reason~
able supposition that those insects were eaten by monkeys.

All monkeys in confinement should be furnished with animal food, either
insects, or raw mutton, or beef, cut into thin strips resembling worms, which he
had found to be the best substitute.

Mr. C. stated that much of the disease of those animals in captivity, was
doubtless to be attributed to the fact, that they were invariably, as far as he had
observed, restricted to vegetable food.

February 8th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

The Chairman read a letter addressed to him by Dr. R. W. Gibbes,
dated Columbia, S. C., January 27th, 1848, enclosing another from
Prof. Agassiz, addressed to Dr. Gibbes, dated Charleston, December
23d, 1847, and coinciding with him in the opinion that the Basi/o-
saurus, of Harlan, or Zeuglodon cetoides of Owen, is generically dis-
tinct from the species described by Dr. Gibbes under the generic name
of Dorudon, and published in these Proceedings. The following is a
portion of the letter of Professor Agassiz :—

«‘T have examined the interesting fossil remains of Cetacea which you left with
me yesterday. On one comparison, I have satisfied myself that Basilosaurus
or Zeuglodon cetoides, is generically distinct from your second species, which you
first described under the generic name of Dorudon. The hollowness of the teeth
cannot beindicative of a mere young age of that animal, as the form of the lower
jaw is altogether different in the two animals: Zeuglodon having a continnous
fissure connecting the alveoli, and another groove along the edge of the jaw-bone,
which are wanting in Dorudon. Besides, the posterior branch of the jaw is also
different, the two lamelle of the bone rising to the same height, and much higher
in Zeuglodon, than in Dorudon, which has a deep depression upon its external sur-
face, owing to the difference in the height of the twolamineg. Again, Zeuglodon
has deep pits upon the external surface of the lower jaw, showing that the teeth of
the upper jaw left an impression upon the lower, resting upon it, as in the croco-
diles, of our days, when the mouth is shut. The other portions of the jaws of
Dorudon are from the upper jaw, the one with one tooth being from the left side,
the other with three teeth being from the right side. I am therefore sorry that
you have withdrawn your genus, in deference to the suggestion of Prof. Owen, as
he did notinsist upon their generic identity, but rather alluded to the close affinity
of these remains.

The isolated tooth, though imperfect, is highly interesting, as indicating a new
genus of Sauroid Cetacea, allied to Megalosaurus by ihe form of the tooth, but
differing by the form of its root. I would propose to call it Sawro-cetus Gibbestt.
It will easily be distinguished from the fang of Dorudon, by its great flatness and
acute serrated edge. In the form of these anterior teeth there is another generic
difference between Zeuglodon and Dorudon, worth mentioning; in the former
being blunt and short, whilst Dorudon has them acute and sharp upon the edges.

I thank you for the opportunity you have afforded me to examine these highly

1848. ] 5

interesting remains. As soon as I reach Boston, I shall avail myself of tle op-
portunity of Dr. Warren’s collection, to ascertain whether the Zeuglodon of South
Carolina is specifically identical with the large species of Alabama, which I begin
to doubt.”’

A letter was read from the Rev. Thomas 8. Savage, addressed to Dr.
Hallowell, dated Natchez, Miss., January 15th, 1848, stating that he
had drawn up some facts connected with the habits of three of the
specimens of Natural History from Africa, lately presented by him to
the Society, and had forwarded them with sketches of two of the
serpents in a recent state, with some account of them as connected
with the superstition of the natives of that part of Africa.

A letter from William Thompson, Esq., addressed to Dr. Griffith,
dated Donegal Square, Belfast, January 11th, 1348, was read, acknow-
ledging the receipt of a donation of shells from Dr. Griffith and the
Academy, and returning his thanks therefor; also stating that he was
preparing to forward in return, anumber of species of Echinodermata
and Molluscu, and of Algz, about one hundred and fifty species; and
also offering to transmit, if desired, specimens of Irish Crustacea and
Zoophytes, also Cirrhipoda, Annelide, and Amorphozoa, and fossils
from the green sand formation of his vicinity.

A letter was read from Dr. Charles T. Jackson, addressed to the
Academy, dated Boston, January 20th, 1848, relating to the proposed
erection in Paris of a monument to M. Etienne Geoffroy St. Hilaire,
and enclosing a printed circular on the subject, dated Paris, April 30th,
1847, signed by Dumeril, Arago, Dumas, Serres, L. Elie de Beaumont,
Jomard, Regnault, and Roche, and soliciting the co-operation of scien-
tific societies and individuals in this country.

Professor Haldeman made some remarks on the fibrous lava of the
Hawaian Islands, and referred to the formation of a similar material in
anthracite blast-furnaces. When the hearth of the furnace is some
what chilled, and the slag is not highly fluid, if the blast is allowed to
escape over it, it will be drawn out into long threads, which form
bunches resembling flax. According to Mr. Dana, the fibrous lava
(which Prof. H. proposes to call Stypnite,) is formed from masses of fluid
lava cast into the air and struck by the wind.

Dr. Morton offered some observations of the Bushman Hottentot boy, now in
this city, and who was brought here under the kind and paternal auspices of Capt.
Chase, United States Consul at the Cape of Good Hope. This gentleman has ex.
pressed his intention to be present, with the boy, at a future meeting of the
Academy ; and in view of this arrangement, Dr. M. stated that he should confine
his remarks to a few very interesting points. The boy is supposed to be about
eighteen years of age, is three feet eleven inches in height, and of slender make.
His complexion is that of a dried leaf, as described by travellers among these
people; the head is elongated, flattened on the coronal region ; full behind, and ra-
ther broad between the parietal bones. The face does not project, the nose is so flat
as scarcely to be seen in profile ; the cheek-bones wide, and the forehead low but not
receding. The hair is arranged in delicate tufts, of a straight and cylindrical form,
each tuft being inserted separately into the scalp, so that the intervening light
skin.presents a strong contrast with the black hair. If these tufts are examined,
the hairs composing them are found to be spiral, and so intimately blended as to
give the whole fasciculus a compact appearance, and an extraordinary flexibility.
The hairs are very fine, but Dr. M. observed that his friend Dr. Meigs had called

6 (Fes.

his attention to the remarkable fact, that they are flattened, like tape, and as seen
under a power of forty or fifty diameters of Chevallier’s microscope, each hair has
the precise appearance of an ordinary steel watch-spring. Dr. M. had repeated
the experiments of Dr. Meigs, with that gentleman’s assistance, using one of
Oberhauser’s microscopes, with the same result. Dr, M. also adverted to a
ptominence at or near the top of the sacrum, which, so far as he could judge
from a very imperfect examination of it, as covered with the boy’s usual dress,
seems to be a prolongation of the spinous and transverse processes over the
region in question; and which would appear to be the osseous frame-work of
that fatty cushion which is of proverbial occurrence in the Hottentot women. Dr.
M. expresed a hope that he might yet be able to examine this structure more
carefully, and report the facts to the Society. The boy’s head corresponds, in most
of its developments, to those of two Hottentot skullsin Dr. M.’s collection, sent
him by Mr. John Watson of Cape Town. The mental and moral questions con-
nected with the history of this youth, possess an extreme interest, but can only
be correctly judged of after more extended inquiries.

Mr. Ashmead made some remarks on what he considered a peculiarity in the
calcareous spar, from the Rossie Lead mines in New York.

The general form presented by fractured crystals of calcareous spar is
rhomboedrous. Cleavage is perfect parellel tothe primary planes of a rhomb, and is
therefore three-fold.

Some time since, while engaged in reducing to convenient size for the cabinet,
some specimens of double refracting spar from the above locality, he observed that
some of the fractured crystals were susceptible of mechanical division in different
directions from those of the planes of a rhomboedron; this induced him to slice off
the lamin wherever he found cleavage was perfect, and by proceeding with this
sort of dissection, the result was a nucleus, of perfectly geometrical form. It is |
a solid, bounded by six isosceles triangular planesjof similar lustre, or two obtuse
three-sided pyramids, placed base to base; it has but one axis passing through
opposite solid angles ; assuming the axis to be vertical], the base is an equilateral
triangle. As the faces are not parellel, but inclined to each other, it is suscepti-
ble of perfect cleavage in six directions.

The solid angle of the apex is similar to the obtuse solid angle of the rhomb,
therefore, by truncating the alternate solid angles of the rhomb, this solid is
produced.

On motion of Dr. Leidy, the Corresponding Secretary was requested
to make some further inquiry of Dr. Joel Y. Shelley, of Berks county,
respecting the locality of certain fossils from his vicinity, and the
depth at which they were found by him.

February 15th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. William Maxwell Wood, U. S. N.,
dated Philadelphia, February 11th, 1848, acknowledging the receipt
of his notice of election as a Correspondent.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Linnean Society of
London, dated Soho Square, December 30th, 1847, acknowledging the
receipt of recent numbers of the Proceedings of the Academy.

A supplement to a communication presented at the meeting of Feb-
ruary Ist, 1848, entitled ‘Descriptions of some new plants collected
by Mr. William Gambel inthe Rocky Mountains and California, by
Thomas Nuttall, F. L. 8.,’’ was read and referred to the same commit-
tee, viz., Dr. Bridges, Mr. Gambel, and Dr. Zantzinger.

1848.] 7

Mr. Cassin read a paper, containing ‘ Descriptions of new species of
Birds of the genus Cyanocorax, Boie, specimens of which are in the
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,’ which
was referred to the following Committee, viz., Dr. Wilson, Mr.
Gambel, and Mr. Townsend.

Professor Henry D. Rogers exhibited and explained his Geological
Map of Pennsylvania, and also a “ Section of the Southern Anthracite
coal basin at Pottsville.”

Dr. Leidy mentioned to the Society, that he had examined the hair
of the Hottentot boy, and that his observations corroborated the state-
ment of Dr. Morton, made at last meeting, that it was much com-
pressed or flattened. Transverse sections varied in outline from an
oval to a very compressed lenticular form.

February 29th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

The Committee on Mr. Nuttall’s paper, read 1st and 11th insts.,
reported in favor of publication in the Journal and Proceedings.

Descriptions of Plants collected by Mr. William Gambel in the Rocky Mountains
and Upper California. By Tuomas Nurraun.

* GAMBELITA. +
Natural order, ScRopHULARINE. Tribe, ANTIRRHINEA.

Calyx 5-parted, nearly equal. Corolla hypogynous, the tube cylindrical, sac-
cate at the base, orifice narrowly pervious, the border bilabiate, the palate rather
prominent, smooth, upper lip erect; the lower spreading, all the segments nearly
equal and oblong. Svamina four, arising from the base of the corolla tube, in-
cluded, didynamous; no sterile filament: anthers bilocular, oblong. Ovarium
bilocular, with many ovules, seated upon a glandular torus. Style simple cla-
vate, entire. Capsude subglobose, 2-celled, opening below the summit by two
‘or three irregular apertures. Seed, [not seen.]—A spreading bush, with verti-
cillate, entire, coriaceous leaves, and axillary and terminal conspicuous scarlet
flowers. Allied to Galvezia, but with a prominent palate and saccate spur at
the base of the corolla.

G. speciosa.

Has. In the island at Santa Catalina on the coast of California. Flowering
in the month of February. ;

* CROSSOSOMA.+

Calyx 5-leaved, imbricated, somewhat coriaceous and persistent, the leaves
unequal and concave, with colored margins. Corolla of 5 subsessile, oval petals.
Stamina perigynous, about 25, on a fleshy disk; anthers adnate. Ovaries two

} In honor of Mr. William Gambel, a naturalist, who has explored Upper Cali-
fornia, and made an interesting collection of the plants of that country.
{From xpeooos fringe, and cane a body; in allusion to the fimbriate arillus.

8 [Frs.

to five, united at base into a short stripe, 1-celled ; ovules many, attached to the
ventral suture in a single crowded series. Stigmas thick and sessile, recurved.
Capsules two to five, coriaceous and cylindric, opening longitudinally and in-
wards, many-seeded. Sced roundish-reniform, nearly surrounded by a deeply
fringed arillus. Embryo not seen.—A Californian shrub, with alternate, entire,

crowded, exstipulate leaves, and 1-flowered, short, terminal branchlets ; flowers
white.

CO. Californica.

Has. Abundant on the borders of streams in the island of Catalina, off the
coast of Upper California. Flowering in February.

* TRIFOLIUM.

§. * Paysantua. (Jnvolucrarium.) With the calyx 5-cleft, one or two of the di-
Visions smaller. Corolla marcescent. The vexillum transformed into a physi-
form sac, which at length envelopes the very small wings and monopetalous
carina. Stigma capitate. Legume stipitate, 2 to 5-seeded, included in the calyx.

T. * stenophyllum. Annual, branching from the base ; leaves ternate, smooth
and linear, distantly serrulate; stipules subulate, sparingly denticulate ; pe-
duncles elongated, filiform, heads small and nearly round, the vexillum, at length,
forming 2 membranous inflated sac of equal breadth throughout, embracing the
small wings and small carina, which is monopetalons, with but one broad claw
attached to the vexillum.

Has. The island of Catalina, near Santa Pedro, Upper California. Flower-
ing in February.

T. * Gambelii. Perennial and decumbent, smooth, branching from the base ;
leaflets roundish-oval or cuneate-oval, obtuse, very minutely and sharply ser-
rulate ; stipules membranaceous, dilated, entire, with subulate, slender points ;
peduncles about the length of the leaves; involucrum about 8-cleft, the seg-
ments lanceolate, acuminate ; teeth of the calyx trifid, or simple, with setaceous
points ; legume stipitate, 3 to 5-seeded ; wings longer than the vexillum.

Has. Island of Catalina, St. Simeon and Pueblo de los Angeles.

A large, robust species, with shortish branches, very large stipules, and
heads of large flowers, which appear to have been whitish, with purple tips to
the carina; heads of flowers 1 to 1} inches across; the vexillum very wide”
below, so as to conceal the other petals; the wings and carina are also united ;
leaflets three-quarters of an inch long, and about the same breadth.

T. * ciliatum. ©. Smooth and erect, but little branched; lower leaves on
very long petioles; leaflets cuneate-elliptic or oblong, obtuse, minutely and
sharply serrulate; bractes adnate, subciliate, herbaceous, entire and acutely
acuminate ; capituli axillar and terminal, rounded, many-flowered, destitute of
involucrum, but subtended by a cicatrised circle of points ; the flowers attached
to a cylindric torus, often ending in a long subulate point beyond the capitulum ;
segments of the calyx unequal, one of the teeth small, the rest lanceolate, sharply
acuminated and bristly ciliated with stiff hairs ; vexillum enclosing the other
petals, which are small ; legume flat, stipitate, about 1-seeded.

Has. Pueblo de los Angeles, Upper California.

Stipules herbaceous ; the leaves rather thick and strongly veined, with forked
vessels ; calyx nearly the length of the ochroleucous flower. This is again a
PaysanTua, but with a proper involucrum.

1848.] 9

T. *denudatum. ©. Smooth, stem erect, a little branched, lower leaves on
very long petioles ; leaflets obcordate or oboval, minutely and sharply serrulate ;
stipules membranaceous, entire and setaceously acuminated; capituli axillar
and terminal, rounded, many-flowered, without an involucrum, but with a cica-
trised circle in its place, the flowers attached to a conic torus of the same struc-
ture: segments of the calyx subequal, linear-lanceolate, sharply acuminated,
nearly the length of the small ochroleucous flower; pod stipitate, about
2-seeded.

Has. With the above, which it much resembles, but the vexillum is not
unusually inflated.

About a span high; a rather small annual, and very smooth in every part.
Leaflets about three-quarters of an inch long, three to four lines wide. Flowers
small, with the teeth of the calyx very long and conspicuous.

T. ,*diversifolium. ©. Small and smooth, branching from the base; leaflets
linear or oblong, obtuse, perfectly entire, or repandly and rather sharply serru-
late towards the apex; stipules nearly entire, with subulate points; peduncles
longer than the leaves; heads very small, 8 to 10-flowered; involucrum 6 to
3-parted, the divisions entire, ovate, obtuse ; calyx nearly half the length of the
short flowers, the teeth simple and acute; legume 2-seeded.

Has. Near St. Simeon, Upper California, Remarkable for the diversity of
its foliage, some of the leaflets being linear and quite entire, others with the
same Slightly serrulate; in other plants they are cuneate-oblong, and even
emarginate. The plant about aspan high, with reddish flowers and a deep
purple tipped carina.

ASTRAGALUS.

3. Micronosium. Annual or perennial? Flowers various. Legume small,
scarcely exserted beyond the calyx, 1-seeded.

A. * Catalinensis. ©. Nearly erect and much branched; stipules ovate, dis-
tinct, leaflets linear, deeply emarginate, five to seven pair,as well as the stem,
scattered with appressed hairs; flowers ochroleucons, in capitate heads; seg-
ments of the calyx subulate, obtuse, thickly clad with rough white and black
hairs, the segments all inclined to the lower side; legume scarcely exserted,
scabrous.

Has. On the island of Catalina, in Upper California. Flowering in Feb-
ruary.

A. *nigrescens. Annual; nearly erect and much branched; stipules ovate,
acuminate ; leaflets cuneate-!inear, deeply emarginate, nearly smooth ; flowers
ochroleucous, in short oval spikes, at length nodding; segments of the calyx
subulate, acute, clothed with shortish black hair; legume ovate, acute, and
villous, a little exserted; cells 1-seeded.

Has. With the above, which it greatly resembles, but different in the calyx
and pod ; flowers less crowded and pedicellate, the calyx not so deeply divided,
nor clothed with such long rough hairs; bractes minute, chaffy, subulate ;
stipules partly united at the base.

: PHLOX.

P. *bryoides. Densely cespitose, very small; leaves closely imbricated in 4
rows, the ciliar pubescence extending beyond the points of the oblong-lanceo-

10 | [Fes.

late, very acute short leaves; flowers scarcely exserted ; segments of the calyx
obtuse ; those of the corolla cuneate, entire. ‘.
Has. On the dividing ridge of the Rocky Mountains. (Nuttall.)

P. *nana. Dwarf and many-stemmed, viscidly pubescent; leaves rather
long and linear, acute, the upper ones alternate ; peduncles few, from the termi-
nal branches, and as well as the calyx, pilose; flower exserted, with the tube
twice the length of the calyx segments; border of the corolla longer than the
tube, segments cuneate, emarginate.

Has. Near Santa Fé, Rio del Norte. Flower large and red. Stems, many
from the same perennial root, 4 to 5 inches high; the lower leaves 14 inches
long, from 1 to 2 lines wide, quite flat, and more or less clothed with a small
glandular pubescence. Flowers few, and as large as any in the genus ; segments
of the calyx linear and acute; the tube of the corolla about twice its length.
Corolla more than an inch across. Cells of the ovarium 2-seeded.

Po.emoniuM *viscosum. Dwarf; every part covered with a short, viscid pu-
bescence ; leaves nearly as long as the short flower stems, segments rounded,
ovate or subcordate, very small and short; flowers in small terminal clusters ;
corolla much longer than the elongated lanceolale segments of the calyx ; ovaries
2 or 3 to each cell.

Has. On rocky ledges towards the sources of the Platte. Flowering in June.
(Nuttall.)

GILIA.

G. *multiflora. Biennial, erect and much branched from the base ; stems low
and pubescent; leaves pinnatifid, mostly trifid, segments narrow linear and
mucronulate, above simple ; flowers disposed to sessile or pedicellate axillary
clusters; tube of the corolla about twice the length of the curved calyx; the
segments of the corolla oblong and mucronulate ; stamens somewhat exserted.

Has. Sandy hills along the borders of the Rio del Norte, (New Mexico.)
Flowering in August.

3. *AuLopHyLLuM. Annual. Leaves dissimilar and broad, obscurely 3 to
5-parted, with distinct partial petioles. Stem diffusely branched, the flowers
small, partly funnel-form, disposed in cymose racemes. Capsule oval, the
cells 2-seeded; the seeds roundish, not angular. Closely allied to Collomia,
but with the cells of the capsule 2-seeded.

G. *divaricata. Annual, diffusely branched and subdecumbent, viscidly pube-
rulous ; leaves alternate, digitately united at the base ; leaflets 3 to 5, lanceolate
acute, attenuated into a petiole, two or four much smaller than the others;
branches forked, ending in cymose racemes; calyx obconic, divided nearly to
the base, enlarging with the ripening of the fruit ; the segments lanceolate acute,
viscid; corolla small and slender, the tube more than twice the length of the
small calyx; segments of the border oblong; stamens somewhat exserted, an-
thers roundish. _

Has. Monterey, Upper California.

2. *Curysantua. Annual, pubescent. Leaves sessile, opposite, palmately di-
vided, with entire linear segments. Flowers fastigiate, somewhat corymbose
on filiform peduncles, (yellow) segments of the calyx acute. Corolla funnel-

’

1848.] 11

form, with a short tube, the segments oval and entire. Anthers ovate. Stamens
exserted beyond the throat of the corolla. Ovules in the capsule about 20.

G. *aurea. Corolla smooth, about twice the length of the calyx; segments
of the leaves short and hispid, 3 to 6.

Has. Santa Barbara. Flowering in April.

3. Perennials or biennials, with the leaves often sparingly pinnatifid towards
the extremity, or entire and linear, fleshy. Flowers in condensed clusters, capi-
tate or in spikes, generally white. Corolla tubular, with a deeply 5-cleft,
spreading border. Stamens shortly exserted or even with the summit of the
tube. Stigmas very short. Ovaries 2 to 4 in a cell, rarely 1.—*HuapHoceras.

G. congesta. (Hooker.) Common in the Rocky Mountain region.

G. *crebrifolia. Perennial and branching from the base ; leaves entire, linear,
acute and fleshy, smooth, crowded so as to conceal the stem ; flowers in capi-
tate clusters ; stamens exserted to the length of the corolla segments.

Has. Big Sandy Creek of the Colorado of the West. Flowering in July.
(Nuttall.)

G. *spicata. Perennial; leaves linear, fleshy ; flowers in clusters, spiked ;
stem and calyx lanuginous, segments of the calyx linear acute and viscid ; tube
of the corolla exserted; stamens at the summit of the tube.

Has. On the hills near Scott’s Bluffs of the Platte. Flowers white, segments
oblong. (Nuttall.)

G. *trifida. Biennial; radical leaves linear; cauline trifid towards ine ex-
tremity, fleshy and smooth ; flowers clustered in spikes; stem and calyx pubes-
cent, segments of the calyx linear and very acute ; tube of the corolla exserted ;
stamens at the summit of the tube.

Has. With the above, which it greatly resembles, except in the leaves; cells
of the capsule each with three or four ovules. About a span high. (Nuttall.)

G. *pumila. Perennial? branching from the base ; flowers in terminal clus-
ters, subtended by long leaves, woolly at their base; leaves fleshy, trifidat the
extremities ; segments narrow, linear, spinulose at points; corolla small, the
tube exserted; stamens extending a little beyond the orifice of the tube.

Has. Near the first range of the Rocky Mountains of the Platte. Flowering
in May. (Nuttall.)

G. (Contomiowes) *filifolia. ©. Erect and rigid; stems smooth below,
nearly simple ; leaves mostly trifid; the segments setaceous and rigid ; capituli
corymbose and whitely woolly ; tube of the corolla about the length of the calyx;
segments of the border lanceolate ; Stamens shorter than the corolla.

Haz. Near Santa Barbara, Upper California.

LEPTOSIPHON.

L. *dicolor. Branching from the base; leaves 3,5 to T-cleft, the lowest
much shorter; lower segments oblong-linear, cuneate, the upper subulate,
all more or less roughly ciliate; segments of the calyx subulate, lanceolate ;
tube of the corella three times the length of the funnel-formed border, its seg-
ments oval and rounded; stamens about half the length of the border.

Has. On moist rocks, on the Oregon near the outlet of the Wahlamet; the
only place where we saw it. (Nuttall.)

12 [FEs.

PENZLIA.

F. *speciosa. Oopiously branching from the base, nearly glabrous; leaves
linear, entire; flowers pedunculate, (concolor, nearly white?) border of the
corolla as long as the elongated segments of the smooth calyx.

Has. On the island of Catalina. Flowering in February.

F. *concinna. ©. Very dwarf and somewhat pubescent, branching from the
base; leaves linear, flowers nearly sessile ; segments of the calyx longer than the
cup. .

Has. Near Santa Diego, Upper California. Flowering in May. (Nuttall.)

LEPTODACTYLON.

LL. *cespitosum. Diffusely caspitose, herbaceous and smooth; leaves
imbricated, the segments about 3, flat, with sharp subulate points; the
tube of the corolla exserted ; segments cuneate, entire.

Has. On the borders of the Platte, and hills near Scott’s Bluffs. Flowering
in May. (Nuttall.)

' EUTOCA.

KE. *albifora. ©. Glandularly pilose and viscid; stem erect and branching ;
leaves broad-ovate, shortly petiolate, subcordate, angularly biserrate; racemes
curved, elongated, many-flowered, calyx segments spathulate-linear, obtuse ; co-
rolla not much longer than the calyx; capsule many-seeded. -

Has. Santa Barbara, Upper California.

KE. *speciosa. ©. Stem erect and simple; leaves broad-ovate, subcordate,
doubly serrate, almost lobed, beneath strongly nerved, and, as well as the stem
and calyx, hispid and viscidly glandular; racemes at the summit of the stem
several, circinate, not elongated ; flowers on short pedicels ; segments of the calyx
spathulate-linear ; capsule with more than fifty roundish, very rugose seeds.

Has. Near St. Diego, Upper California. (Nuttall.)

*EUORYPTA. +

Calyx 5-parted, without external appendages; lobes oval or ovate. Corolla
tubular campanulate, half 5-cleft, deciduous, without internal appendages; the
lobes rounded ; the estivation with three segments exterior and two interior.
Stamens 5, equal, arising from the base of the corolla, smooth, somewhat ex-
serted; anthers small and oval, nectary none. Ovary depressed, globose,
l-celled; placentas 2, free, externally septiferous, each with four dissimilar
ovules. Style elongated, very shortly bifid. Stigmas minute. Capsule
2-valved, dividing parallel with the placenta, presenting four roundish, rugose
seeds; concealed in the adnate parietes, as it were, of each of these valves are,
(when perfect,) two other seeds, which are even and elliptic! separated from the
other seeds by a perfect membranaceous partition, parallel with the deep con-
cavity of the valves, and each of these partitions is again divided internally by a
proper transyerse septum; so that the capsule is in fact 4-celled, with closed
partitions, and the division of the adnate placentas presents the large circular
cavity of the capsule, as if merely 1-celled, with two hemispherical valves!

Seed with a corneous, large albumen; embryo straight, minute, central, not
a es eee eg eee eee
+ So called in allusion to the concealed cells of the capsule.

@2

1848.] 1

half the length of the albumen.—Annuals with bipinnatifid leaves with the
flowers in loose racemes.

E. *paniculata. Flowers in a loose terminal panicle; stem viscid ; uppermost
leaves pinnatifid, segments of the calyx oval, obtuse.

Has. Near Santa Barbara, Upper California. Flowering in April and May.

E. *foliosa. Leaves all bipinnatifid, hirsute; racemes not longer than the
leaves; segments of the calyx ovate, acute.

Haz. With the above, which it much regembles, but a lower, less viscid
plant, with rather smaller flowers and capsules.

COLLOMIA.

3. Calyx obconic, scarcely cleft to the middle, with foliaceous segments.
Flowers racemose, scattered. Intensely bitter to the taste.—*PicracoLLa.

C. *linoides. Leaves narrow-linear, scattered, ending in a short mucro;
flowers small, scattered, subsessile, the calyx shorter than the tube of the co-
rolla.

Has. Banks of the Platte. (Nuttall.)

PHACHLIA.

P. *canescens. Canescent and hirsute; leaves spathulate, oblong or sublan-
ceolate, entire ; racemes condensed into circinate clusters ; corolla twice the
length of the calyx; stamens exserted, the filaments pilose.

Has. In the Rocky Mountains and Blue Mountains of Oregon. (Nuttall.)

P. *glandulosa, Annual or biennial, very pilose, with a soft, short, shining
pubescence ; the stems and calyx covered with blackish, viscid, resinous glands ;
leaves pinnatifid; the segments somewhat toothed, short and roundish ; flowers
shortly pedicellate in crowded circinate spikes ; segments of the calyx oblong;
stamens exserted ; style pilose.

Has. About Hams’ Fork of the Colorado of the West, on dry, bare hills.
(Nuttall.

NAVARRETIA.

N. *minima. ©. Smooth, dwarf, depressed and branched from the
base ; leaves somewhat bipinnately divided, with few and divaricate, subulately
sharp segments ; floral leaves simply pinnately dissected; calyx with three of
the segments usually entire ; corolla longer than the tube of the calyx; ovary
cells 2-seeded.

Has. Plains of the Oregon, near Walla-Walla. (Nuttall.)

Seldom more than an inch high; segments of the leaves quite acicular:;
flowers small and white, the tube exserted a little beyond the calyx; the
stamens slightly exserted.

ERIOGONUM.

E. *acaule. Very dwarf, stemless and cespitose, the caudex much divided,
leaves whitely tomentose, oblong-linear, reflected so as to be semi-cylindrie ;
involucrum wholly sessile, few flowered, 4 or 5-toothed, the teeth very ob-
tuse.

Has. On the summit of the Roeky Mountains, near the Colorado of the
West, at the highest land. A very remarkable dwarf species, forming dense
ufts, independent of the subterraneous woody caudex, not an inch high, whitely

14 (Fes.

tomentose. Leaves about a line wide and about 3 or 4 long. Flowers yellow
and bright, externally somewhat pubescent, as well as the germs.

E. *Andinum. Stemless, cespitose, the caudex much divided ; leaves small
and spathulate, wholly and whitely tomentose, reflected on the margin ; scapes
all radical, terminating in a single capitulum ; involucrum divided nearly to the
base, the segments about 8, leafy ; flowers yellow, small.

Has. With the above. (Nuttall.)

With a woody brown subterraneous stem, terminating with cespitose tufts of
white, softly tomentose leaves ; scape 2 or 3 inches high, with a small umbel of
bright yellow flowers, which are pubescent externally, and reflected from the
multifid involucrum, which is divided into eight small, leafy appendages. Germ
smooth. Stigmas rather long. :

E. *denudatum. Annual, very smooth, excepting the under surface of the
leaves, which are tomentose ; leaves all radical and small, roundish reniform, on
long petioles ; stems many, all from the base, naked and scapoid, terminating in
a single involucram, or corymbosely terminated by 2 or 3; involucres double,
the outer or bractes short and 3-cleft, the inner 8-toothed and strongly ribbed,
bearing tufts of abortive filaments; perigonium smooth, (purple.)

Has. In the Rocky Mountains of Upper California.

E. *racemosum. Scape naked and whitely tomentose, as well as the elliptic
ovate leaves, sparingly forked at the summit, with the solitary involucres ses-
sile and forming a spike ; involucrum very woolly, obsoletely toothed, subtended
by a 3-cleft sheathing involucel or bractes ; perianth smooth, oblong, attenuated
at the base, (flowers ochroleucous?)

Has. Colorado of the West.

E. *ellipticum. Suffruticose ; barren branchlets at the base of the scapoid
stem ; leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, beneath whitely tomentose, above nearly
smooth; umbel compound, the forked divisions and general umbel involucrate ;
the involucels leafy and spreading; involucrum campanulate, lanuginous, 6-cleft,
the segments rather longer than the tube, very many-flowered ; perianth exserted,
oblanceolate, attenuated to the pedicel, smooth, (or pubescent ?)

Has. Rocky Mountains. (Nuttall.)

8. megacephalum. Leaves oblong, subelliptic; perianth pubescent; umbel
simple.

Has. With the above.

E. *geniculatum. Suffruticose, low and considerably branched ; stems clus-
tered; leaves linear, somewhat oblong, revolute on the margin, pubescent above,
tomentose beneath ; umbels simple, of few rays, the involucrum of the umbel
long avd leafy: proper involucrum campanulate, many-flowered, lanuginous ;
the border many-cleft, the divisions spreading and nearly as long as the cup,
flowers yellow, numerous and small, obconic, externally pubescent towards the
base. ,

Has. In the Rocky Mountains, on the western slope. (Nuttall.)

E. *cernuum. ©. Leaves all radical, round oval, upon longish petioles,
very whitely tomentose beneath, less so above; scape smooth, two or three
times dichotomous ; involucres solitary, pedicellate, smooth, pedicels exserted, at

1848.] 15

length cernuus; involucrate bractes 3-cleft, acute, appressed; teeth of the invo-
lucrum acute ; flowers few and small; segments of the perianth undulated.

Has. On the plains of the Oregon and in the Rocky Mountains. (Nuttall.)

E. *microtheca. Suffruticose and dwarf; stems slender and clustered, at first
arachnoid tomentose; leaves linear-oblong, nearly smooth above, whitely tomen-
tose beneath, shortly petiolate, the petiolate widened at the base; umbel two or
three times di-or trichotomous, each division bracteate; the involucrum small
and distinct, pubescent, about 6-flowered; the teeth about six, ovate, obtuse ;
flowers yellow, very small.

Has. On the sides of hills in Oregon, east of Walla-Walla. (Nuttall. )

E.*campanulatum. Leaves all radical, clustered upon a thickish caudex, linear-
spathulate or narrowly oblong, narrowed below into longish petioles, whitely
tomentose on both surfaces; scapes smooth and naked; umbel about twice tri-
chotomous, few-flowered ; bractes acute, a little tomentose on the margins ; in-
volucrum campanulate, about 6 to 10-flowered, smooth, with obtuse teeth ; peri-
anth yellow, smooth.

Has. On the western declivity of the Rocky Mountains. (Nuttall.)

E. *drevicaulis. Branches very short, arising from a woody caudex, clustered,
tomentose ; leaves linear-lanceolate, long and rather acute, attenuated into a
very long petiole, whitely tomentose beneath, less densely above ; upper sca-
phoid stem very smooth ; the bractes acuminated, tomentosely margined; umbel
two or three times compounded, with very long rays ; teeth of the canpanulate
involucrum acute ; flowers smooth, yellow, and very small.

Has. On the upper plains of the Oregon. (Nuttall.)

EB. *gyrophyllum. With a woody caudex; lower leaves clustered towards the
base of the stem, oblong-lanceolate, acute, attenuated at the base, beneath to-
mentose and yellowish-white, above slightly pubescent and green ; a verticel of
leaves on the stem, about 6, subsessile oblong; umbel simple, of many short
rays, with a leafy, spreading involucrum, tomentose within and without, many-
flowered, shallow and simple, with longish, reflected teeth ; perianth smooth,
exserted.

Has. Rocky Mountains of the Platte. (Nuttall.)

E. *angustifolium. Suffruticose, with infertile branches towards the base ;
leaves fasciculated and verticillated, linear-acute, narrowed below, whitely to-
mentose beneath, greenish but pubescent above, a verticel of about six leaves on
the short stem ; umbel simple, subtended by long, leafy bractes; divisions of the
many-flowered involucrum reflected, pubescent ; perianth reflected, smooth.

Haz. Western slope of the Rocky Mountains. (Nuttall.)

E. *effusum. Snuffruticose; leaves linear, oblong, obtuse, beneath whitely
tomentose, above pubescent, greenish; stem tomentose, two or three times tri-
chotomous, divaricate; bractes ternate, lanceolate-acute ; (flowers not seen.)

Hag. In the Rocky Mountains. (Nuttall.)

E. *micranthum. Leaves nearly all radical, arising from a thickish, woody
caudex, linear-spathulate, or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, narrowed below into
longish petioles, whitely tomentose on both surfaces; scapes, bractes and invo-
lucres tomentose ; umbel decompound, pedicels of the second divisions very
short, with about three involucres in each; bractes acute or acuminate ; invo-

16 [FeEr-

lucres campanulate, very small, the teeth obtuse; flowers smooth, small and
yellow, divicous ?

Has. In the Rocky Mountains of Oregon. (T. Nuttall.)

In aspect nearly allied to EB. campanulatum, but with rather longer and nar-
rower leaves, and the involucres most of them sessile.

E. *album, Nearly stemless, with a woody caudex; leaves very whitely to-
mentose, spathulate-obovate, obtuse, usually longer than the petiole; bractes
minute, appressed; umbel nearly simple, of few rays; involucrum tomentose,
angular, with shortish teeth ; flowers numerous, smooth.

Has. Rocky Mountains of Oregon. (Nuttall.)

E. *rosmarinifolium. Shrubby and much branched, smooth or somewhat pu-
besacent; leaves clustered, nearly linear, revolute on the margin, slightly tomen-
tose beneath; umbel pedunculate, compound, bractes leafy, numerous ; involacres
usually smooth, with acute teeth ; perianth mostly glabrous.

Has. Near Santa Barbara, Upper California, (Nuttall. )

B. foliolosum. Leaves more acute, with the petiole, young branches and the
perianth, externally near the base, pilosely pubescent.

Haz. With the above.

E. *verticillatum. Biennial; stem dichotomously branching, the offsets all
subtended by verticels of sessile, lanceolate, very acute leaves, in 3’s; radical
leaves oblong, as well as the stems and branches whitely tomentose, attenuated
below into long petioles ; flowers wholly unknown.

Has. Near St. Diego, Upper California.

We have not seen the plant in flower, but the remarkable characters, some-
what resembling those of E. tomentosum, and unlike any other species, perhaps
justifies our giving it a passing notice.

E. *tenellum. Densely cespitose, with a woody, maultifid, short caudex ;
leaves roundish, ovate or elliptic, on short petioles, not exserted from the cespi-
tose mass, whitely tomentose on both sides, as well as the scape and involucrum;
capitulum solitary, rather small; involucrum cylindric, with obscure teeth,
cluster of involucres 8 or 10 sessile ; flowers small, purple; segments of the peri-
anth oblong, not very unequal.

Has. In the Rocky Mountains, on the western slope.

*EUCYCLA. +

Perianth membranaceous, colored, petaloid, dimorphous, the three outer di-
visions, orbicular, concave; the three inner linear-oblong, emarginate, connivent
into a cylinder. Stamens 9, with short filaments, membranous at base. Styles
three, of moderate length, with small, capitate stigmas. Acheniwm attenuated,
triangular. Embryo excentric; radicle superior; cotyledons flat.

E. *ovalifolia. Leaves all radical, short and roundish-ovate, whitely tomen-
tose ; capitulum made up of several sessile, whitely tomentose involucres; outer
segments of the yellow perianth rather narrower at base, the inner emarginate
segments exserted.

Eriogonum ovalifolium. Nutt. Jour. eee Nat. Sci., Philad.

Has. Sources of the Missouri. Flowers bright yellow.

; In reference to the circular figure of the perianth.

1848.) 17

E. *purpurea. Leaves all radical, short and roundish-ovate, whitely tomen-
tose ; capitulum made up of several sessile, smoothish, tomentosely margined
involucres ; outer segments of the purple perianth orbicular, sometimes emargin-
ate at base; the inner emarginate, narrow, segments scarcely exserted.

_ Has. Rocky Mountains of the Platte.

Scape about a span high, arising from a multifid woody caudex ; flowers larger
than in the preceding and purple; filaments much shorter than the perianth, with
a torn membranous margin at base; three stamens seated on each of the inner
harrow segments ; embryo rather short.

CHORIZANTHE.

C. *nudicaule. Annual; radical leaves narrow spathulate, pubescent, with
10ng, slender petioles, tomentose beneath; scapiform stem nearly naked, the
summit trichotomous, the branchlets once or twice bifid, the flowers cymosely
conglomerated ; stem and very unequal toothed involucrum lanuginous; segments
of the sessile exserted, perianth eblong, obtuse.

Has. Santa Barbara, Upper California. Flowering in April.

C. *angustifolia. Annual and small; leaves all linear-spathulate, softly la-
nuginous, as wellas the branches; stem trichotomous, the heads of flowers
somewhat racemose ; involucrum pilose, with very unequal, uncinate spreading
teeth, subulate to the base; perianth minute, the segments obtuse and without
points.

Has. Pueblo los Angeles, Upper California. Flowering in April.

C. *discolor. Annual or biennial, and rather dwarf; leaves all radical ina
rosulate cluster; the primary nearly smooth, rather large, spathulate-oblong,
obtuse or emarginate, rather smooth above, whitely tomentose beneath; the
petioles, stem and involucrum very hairy ; the involucrum with spreading, very
unequal teeth subulate to their base ; scape low, doubly trichotomous, the flowers
in cymose clusters.

Haz. St. Diego, Upper California.

C. *procumbens. Annual or biennial, softly pilose; leaves spathulate, rather
small; stem nearly naked, procumbent, the branches extremely divaricate and
fragile, cymose ; flowers in small clusters; involucrum with the teeth subulate
to the base, slightly uncinate, unequal; perianth segments oblong, entire, (yellow)
pubescent.

Has. With the above. Flowering in April and May. (Nuttall.)

A very remarkable species by its procumbent habit and extreme fragility ; the
branchlets and clusters of flowers disjointing into nnmerous fragments on the
slightest touch, like a Loranthus.

C. *uncinata. Like the preceding, but with the teeth of the involucrum
strongly and remarkably uncinate and nearly equal; the tube is almost
smooth and strongly ribbed ; it is likewise yellowish, as well as the pubescent
perianth.

Has. With the above. (Nuttall.)

2. Perianth exserted ; the segments oblong, deeply fringed towards their base,
(red) styles very long—Prinosepa.a.

C. *fimbriata. Annual; leaves all radical, spathulate-oval, pilose beneath ;
scape trichotomous; flowers in compound cymes; involucrum pubescent,

2

18 (Fes.

the teeth subulate, unequal; perianth torn at the sides into long capillary
fringe.

Has. With the above. (Nuttall.)

PTEROSTEGIA.

P. *diphylla ©. Pubescent; leaflets binate, each division obcordate or bilobed ;
common petiole on the lower leaves very long ; achenium with the angles acute.

B. *biloba. Leaves all nearly 2-lobed, the lobes somewhat emarginated.

Has. Near Santa Barbara. Flowering in May.

P. *microphylla. ©. Somewhat hirsute; leaflets binate, the lower ones
twice compounded, divisions obcordate or unequally bilobed, the lobes some-
times with a single tooth; common petiole on the lower leaves elongated, the
upper leaves sessile ; achenium with obtuse angles.

Has. With the above, which it greatly resembles, but always smaller leaved
and more pubescent. . :

* NEMACAULIS.+

Involucrum, none ; the flowers monoicous, disposed in round clusters at the
joints of the filiform stem, subtended and mixed with elliptical bractes. Perianth
obconic, 6-cleft. Stamens 3. Styles 3, very short, with small subcapitate
stigmas. Achenium ovoid, angular only at the summit.—Californian annuals, the
leaves wholly, and the bractes on the upper side densely and whitely tomentose;
tems smooth or viscid, filiformly elongated and nearly naked, with the flowers
disposed in sessile round heads at the joints of the stem, and subtended and
mixed with small, elliptical, emarginated bractes. The flowers resemble
those of Hriogonum, but the habit, absence of involucrum, and paucity of sta-
mens, at once distinguish it.

N. *denudata.

Haz. St. Diego, Upper California, in sandy places near to the sea shore.
Flowering in April and May. (Nuttall.)

N. *foliosa. With the above, from which it perhaps is not distinct ; the leaves
are much longer, the stem a little glutinous, and with most of the joints of the
stem leafy.

*OXYTHECA.$

Dioicous or monoicous. Jnvolucrum small, 4 to 5-toothed, obconic, few-
flowered, (3 to 5,) the teeth mostly spinulose. Female perianth closed to the
summit, about 6-toothed; male and hermaphrodite shortly 6-cleft. Stamens
about 6? Achenium compressed, 2-sided, elliptic. Style3. Embryo excen-
tric, in a somewhat fleshy perisperm, antitropus. Cotyledones oval, flat ; radicle
elongated, curved.—Annuals, with the leaves generally hirsute, nearly all radical,
panicle or branches trichotomous and very divaricate, the ramifications sub-
tended by verticillated bractes, free or united, into a cup. Involucres very
small, solitary and pedicellate, 4 to 5-toothed, the teeth terminating in very long,
sharp, rigid bristles, more rarely unarmed; perianth pubescent ; the branches
clothed with viscid, pedicellate glands. Somewhat allied to Chorizanthe, but
with the involucrum more than 1-flowered, and the acheninm compressed.

+ From the singular prostrate, thread-like stem.
{ In allusion to the peculiar involucrum.

1848.] 19

O. * dendroidea. Leaves all linear, radical, hirsute ; scape divaricately di and
trichotomous ; peduncles capillary; involucrum about 3-flowered ; awns twice
the length of the involucrum.

Has. On the sand hills of the Rocky Mountains, near Lewis’ River.

O. * foliosa. Leaves linear-lanceolate, hirsute ; divisions of the trichotomous
stem subtended by verticils of leaves; awns of the iovolucrum about its length.

Has. With the above, which it much resembles; it is, however, a much
stouter plant. The leaves about 2 inches long and 2 to 3 lines wide.

§. *GompsotHeca.—Dioicous. Annual; stem naked, verticillately branched
and very divaricate. Involucrum small, about 5-toothed, 5-flowered ; without
awns.

O. *glandulosa. Leaves all radical, roundish and pilose ; branches Verticillate,
branchlets very numerous and divaricate, the ultimate ones and pedicels capil-
lary; flowers exserted, pubescent.

Haz. Rocky Mountains of Upper California.

* STENOGONUM.7{

Monoicous. Jnvolucrum none. Flowers naked,in axillary clusters. Perianth
triangular, 6-cleft. Stamens 6 ? Siyles minute, with capitate stigmas. Achenium
conic, triangular, the angles sharp and salient, with a margin. A small, smooth,
rather succulent annual plant of the Rocky Mountains, dichotomously subdi-
vided and branched ; leaves entire, opposite or ternate ; flowers yellow, in axillary
and terminal clusters, subtended by small, similar, leafy bractes. In the want
of involucrum, approaching Nemacaulis, but the habit, flower and achenium are
very distinct.

S. salsuginosum.

Has. Bare saline hills of the Colorado of the West, in the Rocky Mountains.
Flowering in June and July. (Nuttall.)

* HELIOMERIS.t

Capitulum many-flowered, heterogamous ; rays ligulate, in a single series,
neuter ; discal florets tubular, hermaphrodite. Jnvolucrum irregularly imbricated
and leafy, in about two series, and rather spreading. Receptacie conic, the palea
embracing the florets, lanceolate and acute. Corolla, rays ligulate, (10—12,)
those of the disk tubular, the tube short, throat wide and cylindric, border
6-toothed. Stigmata with oblong tips. Achenia laterally compressed, some-
what tetragonous, smooth, and without any pappus.

H. multiflorus.

A perennial tall herb, exactly resembling an Helianthus, with narrow, entire,
somewhat scabrous leaves, the lower ones opposite ; flowers yellow, terminal,
numerous.

Has. In Upper California, (Mr. Gambel,) and in the Rocky Mountains, col-
lected by Mr. Gordon.

CHRYSOTHAMNUS.

C. *depressus. Suffruticose and dwarf, nearly smooth; leaves rigid,
lance-linear, very acute, 1l-nerved; flowers in small corymbs; involucrum

} In allusion to the sharpand slender angles of the achenium.
} In allusion to its close affinity to Helianthus.

20 [Feb.

closely imbricated, the scales in 5 rows, lanceolate, acutely acuminated, smooth
the lowest very small, 1-nerved and somewhat carinate: pappus fulvous.

Has. In the sierra of Upper California. Nearly allied to C. pumila, but with
a different involucrum., Achenia smooth, 5-ribbed.

* OXYTENIA.+

Capitulum heterogamous, many-flowered, the marginal ones in a single series,
apetalous and feminine. Florets of the disk tubular, masculine. Jnvoluerum
composed of a single series of imbricated, ovate, rather rigid scales, (about 5.)
Receptaculum small and flat; its palea narrow, spathulate and membranaceous,
tufted with long hairs.—Matr Frowers. Corolla obconic, with a narrow tube ;
border 5-toothed. Anthers distinct.—Frmatr. Corolla none. Stigmata terete,
filiform, smooth. Achenia bluntly obovate, obcompressed and ridged on the
inner side, covered with dense white hairs, situated beneath the scales of the
involucrum and without pappus.

O. acerosa.

A large, erect, spreading bush, with the inflorescence of an Jvc; the leaves
alternate, acerosely linear and rigid, pinnately divided into trifid or more com-
pound divisions ; capituli sessile, arranged in a compound panicle, as in many
Artemisias. The whole plant very bitter, but with very little aroma. In habit
more allied to Artemisia than Iva. Appears to be nearly related to Luphrosyne
of Decandolle, as well as to Pycrothamnus and Cyclachena, which last, however, is
not sufficiently distinct from Jva.

Has. Rocky Mountains, near Upper California. Flowering in October and
November.

GNAPHALIUM.

G. * ramosissinum. Stem tall and stout, very much branched, the branches
fastigiate; leaves and stem green but pubescent, the former linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, strongly decurrent, viscidly pubescent; heads mostly pedunculate
in scattered corymbs; scales of the yellowish-white involucrum oblong-lanceo-
late, subacute, longer than the florets ; achenia smooth.

Has. Monterey. Flowering in September and October.

STEPHANOMERIA.

S. *elata. Stems stout, erect, grooved and attenuated upwards; leaves
almost filiformly linear, the lowest somewhat pinnatifid, the upper laciniately
toothed at the embracing base; flowers in a small terminal panicle, (blue,)
florets about 10; achenia cylindric-oblong, 5-grooved, somewhat rugose.

Has. Santa Barbara, Upper California.

PTILOMERIS.

P. * tenella. Pappus of 8 to 10, cuneiform, obtuse fringed scales, in the rays
minute; involucrum campanulate, about 8-leaved ; scales ovate, somewhat ob-
tuse; leaves mostly opposite, pinnatifid, the divisions few, narrow linear.

Has. In the vicinity of Pueblo de Los Angeles, Upper California. Flowering
in April. Very distinct from the Hymenozys Californica of Hooker.

P. *affnis. Similar to the preceding, excepting the pappus, which is fimbri-

+ From ofureuns acuminate, In allusion to the rigid narrow foliage.

1848.) 21
bs
ate along the margin of the narrow scales, all terminating in awns, excepting
the rays, which have the same short awnless pappus as in the preceding.
Haz. With the former. That these are true species, as well as the one
which I called P. coronaria, I am persuaded by the fact of their rene the
same relative character when cultivated.

HEMIZONIA.

H. *decumbens. Annual, hirsute, pubescent; heads nearly solitary at the
summit of the branches ; leaves entire, linear, rather obtuse; rays 10 to 15, cu-
neate, 3-lobed; achenia rugose, with a short, curved beak ; pappus of the disk
flowers none.

Has. Near Monterey. <A good deal resembling H. fasciculata.

2. Heads hemispherical, many-flowered, corymbose; rays 20—25, receptacular
chaff, in a single series, not united ; pappus none; leaves pinnatifid —MapDIomERIS.

H. *macrocephala. Annual? hirsute; leaves irregularly pinnatifid, acute,
upper One entire and sessile; flowers subcorymbose, head hemispherical, many-
flowered; rays 20 to 30, cuneate, 3-lobed; achenia incurved, rugulose, with an
oblique apex and stipitate at the base.

Hae. At St. Simeon, Upper California.

MONOLOPIA.

M. *lanceolata. Young branches_and leaves at first somewhat tomentose, at
length nearly smooth; leaves oblong-lanceolate, distantly and irregularly
toothed, sessile, all alternate, above entire and amplexicaule, acute; peduncles
tomentose ; leaves of the involucrum usually 8, ovate, divided nearly to the base ;
rays a little longer than the disk; florets all fertile; receptacle conic, smooth,
with projecting papilla.

Has. Pueblo de los Angeles, Upper California. Flowering in April.

ERIGERON.

E. *stenophyllum. Nearly smooth, stem even and cylindric, corymbose at the
summit; leaves filiform, rather numerous and scattered, minutely scabrous ;
involucrum about 3 series, scales linear-lanceolate, acute; rays numerous,
elongated, (30 or more,) 2 to 3-toothed; pappus fulvous, scabrous, with an
outer short white series ; achenia nearly smooth and compressed.

Haz. In California, (Monterey ?)

CHANACTIS.

C. *denudata. Biennial; glandularly pubescent; peduncles exceedingly
long; involucrum viscidly pubescent, rather tomentose; scales linear-lanceo-
late ; ray-flowers irregular, expanded, shorter than the disk.

Has. Pueblo de los Angeles, Upper California.

DIETERIA.

3. Involucrum hemispherical, the scales linear and acute ; achenia obovoid and
compressed, in the young state with numerous striatures, at length covered with
a silky villus; pappus of several series of unequal scabrous bristles, the outer
series shorter and more slender, (those in the ray, as in the rest of the genus,
much shorter and less numerous.) Biennial or perennial, leaves pinnately lobed
or incised; the lobes ciliated or pointed with bristles. Receptacle fimbrillate
or chaffy. Flowers of one color.—Stprrantuus. (Perhaps a genus.) -

22 (Fes.

D. *gracilis. Biennial, erect; stem pilose, branching above, the 1-flowered
slender branchlets forming a fastigiate corymb ; lower leaves pilose, pinnatifid ;
the segments oblong, obtuse, upper leaves linear, simple and sessile, entire, or
minutely toothed, strongly ciliated with slender white bristles, which terminate
all the lobes of the leaves ; involucrum not viscid.

Has. Santa Fe, (New Mexico.) Flowering in August.

MICROPUS.

M. *heterophyllus. Annual, erect, simple, slender; densely lanuginous above,
tomentose below; leaves below linear acute, above lanceolate, obtuse and ses-
sile; capituli lateral and terminal, more densely lanuginous; discal florets
about 5, masculine 3 to 5.

Has. Santa Barbara, Upper California. Very nearly allied to M. augusti-
folius, but the heads appear larger and more woolly, and the upper leaves are
different.

POLYPAPPUS.

P. *sericeus. Shrubby; younger branches and leaves sericeous; branches
very leafy, ending in small corymbose clusters of flowers ; leaves lance-linear,
l-nerved, entire, acute, at length nearly smooth; achenia smooth.

Has. In Upper California, towards the Rocky Mouniains.

BULBOSTYLIS.

@ *Psatayrotus.t Annual, and dichotomously branched; involucrum of a
nearly single series of loosely imbricated, slightly striated scales ; pappus short
and scabrous, shorter than the florets; style not bulbous; achenia turbinate,
densely villous.

B. *annua. Very dwarf and dichotomously branched, clothed everywhere
with greenish furfuraceous scales, and somewhat viscid ; leaves cuneate-obovate,
toothed at the apex ; flowers nearly sessile, crowded into an irregular corymb.

Has. Rocky Mountains, near Santa Fé.

QUERCUS.

Q. Gambelli. Leaves obovate, shortly petiolate, narrowed below, sinuately
lobed, dilated and somewhat 3-lobed at the summit, beneath pubescent, the
lobes rather obtuse, the upper one subdentate; fruit sessile, small, the cup
hemispherical, scales ovate-acute; the glands ovate and acute, about half im-
mersed in the cup; the conic summit short.

Haz. On the banks of the Rio del Norte, but not abundant. With the aspect
of our northern oaks, but very distinct; in the leaf approaching a little to D.
obtusiloba, but without any near affinity.

OROBANCHE.

O. *multiflora. Pubescent; branching from the base; flowers subimbri-
cated, scales lanceolate-acute; peduncles very short; flowers purplish, re-
curved ; calyx deeply 5-cleft, bibracteate at base; segments long and linear;
anthers tufted with hairs.

Has. Sandy ground along the borders of the Rio del Norte. Flowering in
September.

} In reference to the extreme fragility of the branches.

i)
st)

1848.]

ASCLEPIAS.

A. *macrophylla. Stem erect and smooth; leaves verticillate in 2’s
or 4’s, very long and smooth, linear-lanceolate, below and on the branches oppo-
site, on very short petioles; peduncles shorter than the leaves; umbels and
flowers rather small and smooth ; lobes of the corolla oblong-ovate ; process of
the nectaries strongly curved, acute ; stype of the nectaries rather short.

Has. Near Monterey, Upper California.

STANLEYA.

S. *fruticosa. Smooth; leaves lanceolate, entire, or sparingly denticulate,
attenuated into a longish petiole; lamina of the petals longer than the claws;
stype more than twice the length of the pedicel.

Has. Rocky Mountains of California. A shrubby species, with flowers very
similar to those of S. pinnatifida. Leaves 2 to 2} inches long, less than half
an inch wide, the uppermost linear, all thick and apparently succulent.

BARTONITA.

B. *muliflora. Biennial? stem smooth, white and shining, corymbosely
branched; leaves narrow-lanceolate, sinuate, pinnatifid, attenuated below
and sessile ; flowers subtended by one or two linear bractes ; petals 10, oblong-
oval, obtuse ; capsule urceolate, with three to four valves ; segments of the calyx
long and subulate; seeds in a double series, winged.

Has. Sandy hills along the borders of the Rio del Norte. Santa Pé,
(Mexico.) Flowering in August. |

NICOTIANA.

N. *caudata. Annual; leaves lanceolate, sessile, acuminated with very
long caudated points; flowers conglomerated in a terminal panicle upon
short peduncles ; segments of the calyx and corolla much acuminated.

Has. Near Monterey, Upper California.

ERIODYCTION.

E. *augustifolium. Stem and younger leaves glutinous; leaves long,
linear, entire, revolute on the margin; beneath canescent and reticulated
flowers small, in paniculate cymes ; sepals linear, somewhat hirsute.

Has. On the sierra of Upper California; not seen in flower.

HUMULUS.

H. * Americanus. Leaves 3 to 5-lobed, the upper sometimes entire; inner
divisions lanceolate-acuminate, denticulate along the apex; scales of the
cone ovate, acute, the lower ones acuminate.

Has. Throughout the United States in alluvial situations. I have also most
luxuriant specimens from the borders of streams (Ojito de Navajo) in the Rocky
Mountains, near the line of New Mexico, collected by Mr. Gambel.

*CALYCODON.

Spikelets, 1-flowered, the flower sessile, bearded at the base. Glwmes 2, un-
equal, shorter than the flower, membranaceous, the lower truncate, acutely
3-toothed, the lower smaller, 1-toothed. Palew 2, the lower sublanceolate, cari-
nate, terminating in a longish scaprous awn, at length indurated, with a silky

”

24 [FEs.

pilose margin ; the upper palea lanceolate, 1-nerved, indurated and involute.
Anthers 3. Stigmas 2, plumose.—A scabrous leaved grass, with a simple inar-
ticulated culm, terminated by a loose, narrow, somewhat spiked panicle. So
called in allusion to the remarkable toothing of the calyx.

C. montanum.

Has. In the Rocky Mountains, near Santa Fé, Mexico. Flowering in
August.

MUHLENBERGIA.

(2. *Trichochloa) *purpurea. Annual, dwarf; much branched from the
base and many-jointed ; glumes very short and obtuse; palew and awns purple,
the latter capillary, many times longer than the palea, the inner one acute and
s hortly awned.

Has. Santa Barbara, Upper California, and the island of Catalina.

CALAMAGROSTIS.

(2 *TricnaGrostis.—Spikelets 1-flowered, the flower sessile, with long hairs
at the base. (Glwmes 2, subequal, membranaceous, acute, longer than the flower,
the lower with a short terminal awn, Palec 2, very acute, the lower carinate,
ending in an exserted capillary awn, the upper l-nerved, acuminate. Caryopsis
free, cylindric-oblong, much shorter than the glume.

C. * Andina.

Has. In Upper California, on the Colorado of the West.

FESTUCA.

2. *CuLoropsis.—Spikelets unilateral, 2-flowered, or with the third abortive ;
flowers hermaphrodite, distichal. Glumes 2, carinate, unequal. Palee 2, the
lower lanceolate, hirsute and concave, ending in a long, slender awn, the upper
bicarinate. Stamens 1. Ovary sessile. Styles 2, very short, with plumose
stigmas. Caryopsis lanceolate, smooth, concave above, nearly free.—A slender
Californian annual grass, with a simple, filiform culm, ending in a small, nearly
simple, spiked panicle ; the spikelets sessile on a continuous, angular rachis, at
length cernuus. So closely allied to the Cutoripe®, that at first I imagined it
would prove a species of Hutriana; it is still, however, a Festuca in habit.

F. microstachys.

Has. Pueblo de los Angeles, Upper California.

q. *TracuycarpHa.—Spikelets many-flowered, secund,\seated on the sides of
a branching angular rachis. Glumes 2, the upper minute. Palez 2, the lower
with a long awn and strongly ciliated on the margin. Caryopsis adhering tothe
upper palea.

F. megalura. Slender leaves and elongated, simple culm, smooth; panicle.
spiked, elongated, the branchlets angular and appressed; palew and their long
awns very scabrous ; uppermost floret of the spikelet abortive.

Has. Santa Barbara, Upper California.

MELICA.

M. *panicoides. Panicle elongated, many-flowered, the flowers small and
numerous; glumes 1-flowered, with a small, infertile rudiment ; palez smooth,
scarcely longer than the acute glumes.

Has. Santa Barbara. Flowering in April.

-

1848.] 25

M. *powoides. Panicle narrow, many-flowered, the spikelets erect; spikelets
with two flowers perfect, and a small rudiment extending beyond the acute
glumes ; lower palea 5-nerved.

Has. Santa Barbara, Upper California.

* STENOCHLOA.?+

Spikelets about 3-flowered ; flowers distichal, hermaphrodite. Glumes 2,awn-
less, lanceolate, acute, much exceeding the spikelet in length. Palee 2, awn-
less, the lower concave, ovate, nearly nerveless and pubescent, the upper bicari-
nate. Stamina3. Ovarium stipitate. Styles 2. Stigmas plumose. Caryopsis
free, oblong-lanceolate.

S. California.

Has. Island of Santa Catalina.

*PLEOPOGON.

Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes 2, unequal, nearly as long as the flower; the
lower with two awns, the upper entire, with one awn. Palew 1, the lower
oblong, with the apex produced into a shcrt awn, the upper without awn and
2-nerved. Stamens 3. Styles 2. Stigmas pilose, slender.—Culm compressed,
somewhat branched ; leaves linear, short and rigid; spikes terminal, simple, not
jointed.

P. setosum.

Has. Mountains of Santa Fe, Mexico.

MONARDA.

M. *pectinata. ‘Biennial? slightly pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
denticulate, shortly petiolate; capituli proliferous, rather small, subtended by
herbaceous bracts, some of them purplish, ovate-acute, strongly ciliated, as
well as the elongated, setaceous teeth of the calyx; corolla widely ringent, the
tube scarcely exserted beyond the calyx.

Has. Near Santa Fé, New Mexico.

HEDEOMA.

H. *ciliata. Perennial; minutely pubescent, branching much from the
base; leaves linear-obtuse, shortly petiolate, entire; flowers, two or three to-
gether in the axills; calyx hirsute, with long, unequal ciliate teeth; corolla
about the length of the calyx.

Hag. In the Rocky Mountains, towards Santa Fé.

SISYMBRIUM.

S. *reflecum. Smooth; leaves somewhat lyrate pinnatfid, the terminal lobe
toothed, upper leaves nearly entire and denticulate; flowers small; petals
linear-spathulate, a little longer than the colored calyx; pods subterete, very
long, nearly sessile, rigidly reflected and acuminated with the style.

Haz. Near St. Pedro, Upper California.

‘ URTICA.
U. *holosericea. Perennial and tall; leaves opposite, large, on long peti-

oles, cordate-ovate, acute, above lanceolate, coarsely serrated, smooth, beneath
silky villous, as well as the stems and petioles, the latter also pilose; flowers

{So called in allusion to its macilent appearance.

26 [Feb

tetrandrous, in axillary, filiform, compound racemes, the upper clusters stylife-
rous only.

Has. Near Monterey, Upper California.

PEUCEDANUM.
@. Carpels with two of the lateral ribs undulately winged; vitte indistinct, 1
or 2; commissure..... *PEUCELIMUM.

P. *abrotanifolium. Somewhat pubescent, branching from the base; leaves
ternately decompound, ultimate segments narrowly linear; involucels about 7
to 9-leaved, the leaflets palmate, distinct, petiolulate, nearly as long as the um-
bellet; fruit obovate-elliptical, with a broad, winged margin, and some of the
inner ribs with undulated membranaceous margins.

Has. Pueblo de los Angeles, Upper California. (A single specimen, not far
enough advanced to ascertain the ultimate character of the fruit.)

The Committee on Mr. Cassin’s “ Descriptions of two new species of
Cyanocorax, contained in the collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia,” reported in favor of publication.

Descriptions of two new species of the Genus Cyanocoraz, Boie, of which specimen®
are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

By Joun Cassin.

Cyanocorax Harrissii nobis. Head crested, which, with the cheeks and
entire front of the face and neck, to the breast, are brownish black. Occipital
region and back of the neck, white, which color gradually blends into that of
the back.

Upper surface of the body, wings and tail, glossy violet blue, darker on the
wings and tail.

Under parts of the body, from the breast to the under tail coverts, including
the latter, of the same color as the back, but more tinged with cinereous.

Inner webs of primaries, and under surfaces of the wings and tail, black.

Bill and legs black. Tail without white.

Total length of skin, from tip of bill to end of tail, about 14 inches, wings
inches, tail 7 inches.

Has. Guayaquil, South America.

The specimen now described belongs to the Rivoli collection, and is labelled,
“' Corvus de Guayaquil.’’

This species belongs to the same group as C. cayanus, Linn, C. cayanopogon,
Weid., and others, but may readily be distinguished from any described species,
by the uniformity of the colors of the upper and under parts of the body, and
also by the entire absence of white on the tail.

I have named this handsome birdin honor of Edward Harris, Esq., of Moores-
town, New Jersey, the early friend and associate of Mr. Audubon, and author
of various valuable contributions to the natural history of North America.

Cyanocorax concolor, nobis. Entire plumage glossy ultramarine blue, except
the inner webs of the primaries, and the under surfaces of the wings and tail,
which are black. Bill andlegs black. No crest whatever.

1848.] 27

Total length of skin, from tip of bill to end of tail about 123 inches, wing
6* inches, tail 64 inches.

Has. South America.

This species, of which one specimen in the Rivoli collection is now described,
is remarkable for the uniform color of its plumage, in which respect it differs
from any other species known to me. It is, however, more nearly related to
C. viridicyanus (D’Orb.) C. ornatus (Less.) and C. armillatus (G. R. Gray,)
than to any others, from which I infer that it is, in common with those beautiful
species, an inhabitant of the northern part of South America.

The Committee on Dr. Leidy’s paper, entitled “On certain bodies
resembling the Pacinian corpuscles in the Boa constrictor,” reported in
favor of publication.

On some bodies in the Boa Constrictor resembling the Pacinian corpuscles.
By Josepu Leipy, M. D.

While engaged with my friend, Dr. Hallowell, a few weeks since, in dissecting
the specimen of Boa constrictor presented to the Academy by Dr. Watson, I
observed along the course of the nervi intercostales, at or towards their anterior
extremity, a number of small, hard, rounded, or ovoid bodies, which, to the
naked eye, had very much the appearance of the corpuscula Pacini of man and
other mammifera, and such an opinion I expressed at the time to Dr. Hallowell.

These bodies average from three to seven in number to each nerve, and
generally measure eight millemetres in diameter. They are white, shining, and
opalescent in appearance, and are closely attached to the side of the nerve,
enclosed within its sheath and projecting beyond its outline, instead of being
attached to a pedicle derived from an adjacent nerve, as in the Pacinian corpuscle
of man.

Upon investigating the structure of these bodies through the aid of the micro-
scope, I find that they consist of a central, globular mass, measuring .33 mille-
metres in diameter, invested by a Series of semi-transparent capsules in the neigh-
borhood of fifty in number. ;

The central mass is semi-opaque, homogeneous, granular in structure, slightly
yellowish in color, and has in most cases a darker and more consistent nucleus
having apparently the same composition. Acetic acid had almost no influence
upon it. With the greatest care, and the use of the highest powers of the micro-
scope, I could discern nothing more than a finely granular constitution in it. A
somewhat analogous appearance I have noticed in the nervous structure in the
interior of the Pacinian corpuscle of the new-born child.

The capsules enclosing the central mass form a stratum of the same or one-
third greater diameter ; they are perfectly distinct from one another, are further
separated by the endosmosis of fluid, and have the same appearance as those of
the Pacinian corpuscle of man. Evidently fibrous, or composed of the white
fibrous element, they are rendered quite translucent by the application of aceti©
acid. Upon their inner surface, at nearly regular distances from one ano-
ther, are situated projecting, elongated oval or fusiform, a few sigmoid, gran-
ular nuclei, larger than those of the Pacinian corpuscle of man, and measuring
-025 mil. in length, by .0075 mil. in breadth.

The outermost capsules become blended with the white fibrous tissue, forming
the sheath of the nerve. No nerve fibril passes into the interior of these bodies
although from their great resemblance to the Pacinian corpuscle I had expected to

28 (Fes.

find such an arrangement. Generally I found them situated on one side of a nerve,
projecting from the bundle of nerve tubules and enveloped in the same sheath,
but in several instances J found them separating, or situated between several of
the nerve tubes, the tubes so separated, after passing the bodies, resuming their
position along with the others. Besides being invested by the nervous sheath,
they are more closely held in connection with the nerve by means of transverse
fibres of white fibrous tissue. After having thus discovered and examined these
curious bodies in the Boa, I expected to find the same in other serpents, and
I accordingly obtained a Coluber constrictor and Leptophis sauritus, into which I
carried my comparative researches, but without finding the least trace of a
similar or analogous structure. From their absence in these two serpents, it
occurred to my mind that they might be the ovaof entozoa—but the entire strue-
ture precludes any idea of this kind—and although they have several of the most
important elements of structure of the Pacinian corpuscle, yet they have no nerve,
of which as a conductor, if we consider the Pacinian corpuscle in any way the
centre of any kind of nervous or other power, must be considered as a sine qua
non ; but if a mere filament of distribution, it would be comparatively of little
importance, and the close apposition of the bodies with the nerves in the Boa,
might possibly answer the same purpose. But if they are of the nature of the
Pacinian corpuscle, why not exist in all serpents? In this maze of perplexity, I
present these observations to the Academy, and hope that future researches will
throw some light upon the subject.

Before finishing with these remarks, it may be important for me to state that I
saw none of these bodies in any other situation in the Boa, than along the nerves
mentioned, although I examined all other parts carefully, excepting the viscera
and their attachments.

Explanation of the Figures.

Fig. 1. Represents a portion of an intercostal nerve of the Boa constrictor,
with the sheath removed, and exhibiting five of the bodies which resemble the
Pacinian corpuscle, acted upon by dilute acetic acid, and highly magnified. The
upper three bodies on the left side, it will be observed, have separated some of
the nerve tubules from the main body of the nerve. a. Central mass of granular
Substance; 4, external investing capsules; ¢. nuclei of the capsules.

Fig. 2. Represents a portion of a nerve, with the sheath removed from one
side, and one of the “bodies” with the sheath remaining upon the other side,
acted on by dilute acetic acid, and more highly magnified than Fig. 2. a. nervi
tubuli; 0. fibrous sheath of the nerve; c. several primitive nuclei of the fibrous
element of the sheath; d. one of the “bodies” ; e. central granular mass; /. ex-
ternal investing capsules; g. nuclei of the capsules.

Fig. 3. Represents a portion of several of the capsules very highly magnified
so as to exhibit the structure of the nuclei. a. capsules; 5. nuclei.

Fig. 4. Represents the eye of Balanus rugosus, much magnified. a. optic
nerve; c. vitreous body.

William E. Whitman, Esq., John Jay Smith, Esq., William R.
Lejée, Esq., Henry C. Lea, Esq., and Francis F. Wolgemuth, Esq., all
of Philadelphia, were elected Members, and the following were elected
Correspondents :

Rev. William Scoresby, D. D., of Hngland.

Jean Jaq. Kaup, of Darmstadt.

1848.] 29

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.
IN JANUARY AND Frepruary, 1848.
January Ath.

Cynocephalus Sphynx. From Dr. G. Watson.

Scolopendra gigas?, from Maracaibo. From Dr. C. D. Meigs.

Copper Ore, from the vicinity of Princeton, N. J. From Dr. D. C. Skerrett.

Specimens of a Tenia, and an Ascaris, from the intestine of an ox. From
Dr. Dickeson.

Dr. Wilson presented crania of the following :—Vulpes fulvus, Procyon lotor,
Felis domesticus, Putorius vison, Scalops aquaticus, Sciurus vulpinus, S. striatus,
Strix nevia, Quiscalus versicolor, Picus auratus, Chelonura serpentina, Rana
pipiens.

January 11th.

Mounted specimens of Felis chibi-gouazou. From Dr. P. B. Goddard.

Two hundred and twenty-six specimens of shells, comprising sixty genera
and one hundred and twenty species, from Western Africa. From the Rey.
Thos. 8. Savage.

Two species of Serpula and one of Spatangus, and specimens cf Achatina
perdix, A. striata, and A. purpurea. From the same.

January 18th.

Mounted skeleton of Trionyx ferox. From Dr. Meigs.

Mounted skeleton of Bubo virginianus. From Mr. Lambert.

Mounted skeleton of Falco lineatus, Sturnus ludovicianus, and Scolepax
Wilsoni. From Dr. Wilson.

Procyon lotor, and Hapale cedipus, (two specimens.) From Dr. Watson.

Mass of Fossil Corallines, from Havana; and six species of fossil Helix, one of
Paludina, one of Helicina and one of Pupa, from the Drift, West of Natchez,
Miss. From Dr. Dickeson.

Five Peruvian eee and fragments of two others, presented to Dr. Morton
by Dr. Joseph Wilson, U.S. N. Deposited by Dr. Morton.

Medallion of Cuvier. Presented by the artist, Mons. A. Bovy, trough Mr.
Vattemare.

February 1st.

Eggs of fifty-six species, and the nests of twenty-four species, of American
Birds. Presented by Prof. S. F. Baird, of Carlisle, Pa.

The Ornithological collection of M. Boucier, of Lyons, consisting of 1039
specimens. Deposited by Dr. Wilson.

February 8th.

Dr. Dickeson deposited Chelonura Temminckii, (head, carapace and sternum, )
head of a Chelonian, crania of Kinosternon pennsylvanicum, Emys picta, E. mo-
bilensis, E. floridana, E. serrata, and E. insculpa ?

Mounted specimens of Hapale cedipus. From Dr. Watson.

Mounted specimens of Gerbillus canadensis. From Dr. Wilson.

February 15th.

Trionyx ferox, (mounted,) and a remarkable dwarf variety of Gallus domes-
ticus. From Mr. Wm. 8S. Wood.

Mounted skeleton of Ardea herodias. From Dr. Wilson.

Cynocephalus sphynx. From Dr. Watson.

Specimen of Lophius piscatorius, from Manhattan Bay. Presented by Messrs.
Ashmead, Pearsall, Percival, Hallowell, Wilson and others.

Vomer , from , in spirits. From Mr. Samuel Ashmead.

30 [Fes.

February 22d.

Specimen of Cynocephalus porcarius. From Dr. G. Watson.
Specimens (in flower) of Acacia, from New Holland. From Mr. Kilvington.
A collection of American Lepidoptera. From Dr. Heermann.

DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY
IN JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, 1838.
January Ath.

Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich Russischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft zu St.
Petersburg, 1845, 1846. From the Imperial Mineralogical Society, through
Charles Cramer, Esq.

American Journal of Agriculture and Science, Dec., 1847. From the Editor.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following works :

Second voyage dans l’intérieur de l'Afrique par le Cap de Bonne Espérance
dans les années, 1783, 1784 and 1785: par F, Levaillant. 5 vols. 8vo.

Outlines of the Geography of plants, &e. By J. F. Meyen, M.D. Trans-
lated by Margaret Johnston. 8vo.

Illustrations of British Mycology: by Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Parts 1—7. 4to.

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera, by Edward Doubleday. Part 13. 4to.

The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. No. 134,

Reports and Papers on Botany. By Zuccarini, Griseback, Nigell, and Link. 8yo.

Johannis Henrici Linckii de Stellis Marinis liber singularis. Folio.

A Statigraphical list of British fossils. By James Tennant, F.G.S. 12mo.

The Bird-fancier’s Recreation; an 18mo. vol. published in London in 1783.

Reports on the progress of Zoology and Botany. 1841, 1842. 8yo.

Catalogues of the Leverian, London and Yarmouth Museums ; in one vol. 8yvo.

Catalogue of the Minerals in the United Service Museum ; catalogues of the
Museum of the Sussex Scientific and Literary Institution at Brighton; of the
Finsbury Missionary Museum; of Sir Hans Sloan’s Museum; of Racktrow’s,
Foster’s and others’ collections; and of the objects of Natural History and
Ethnography composing the Guiana Exhibition.

A geographical and comparative list of the Birds of Europe and North America.
By Charles Lucien Bonaparte. 8vo.

Lectures on Metallurgy, delivered at the London Institution, Feb., 1823, by
John Taylor, Esq. 8vo.

The Mineral Topography of Great Britain. By A. W. Tooke, F. G. 8.

Memorandum of objects of Geological interest in the vicinity of Dublin.

Examen critique du Cosmos de Humboldt; par A. J. Rey de Morande.

Report of an Expedition into the interior of British Guiana in 1835 and 1836.
By Robert Heermann Schomburgk, Esq.

Description of a new species of Plesiosaurus, in the Museum of the Bristol
Institution. By Samuel Stutchbury.

Verzeichness aller in Europe vorkommenden Geschlechter der Insekten nach
Latreille’s system ; geordnet von Craft Ernst Hoffmann.

An Essay on the study of the Animal Kingdom. By Robert E. Grant, M. D.

Monographia Psittacorum ; auctor Wagler. 4to.

Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. By Andrew Smith, M.D. No.
25. 4to.

Recueil de cent-trente Oiseaux. Folio.

January 11th.

Etwas neber die Natur-wunder in Nord-America, zusammengetragen von
Charles Cramer. 8vo. From Mr. Conrad.

Naturgeschichte der Infusionsthiere von Prof.S Kutorga. 8vo. and Atlas.
From the same.

1848.] 31

Report and Resolves of the Legislature of Maine respecting international and
literary exchanges. From Aaron Young, Jr., Esq.

Fauna der Vorwelt; von Dr. C. G. Giebel. Part 2. 8v0. From Mr. Lambert.

On the Cypress Timber of Mississippi and Louisiana. By M. W. Dickeson,
M.D., and Andrew Brown. From Dr. Dickeson.

Proceedings of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Vol. 1. Nos. 11 and 12.
From the Society.

Note sur le parallélisme des Depots Paléozoiques de l’ Amerique Septentrionale
avec ceux de l'Europe, &c. From the Author, M. de Verneuil.

A selection of the Correspondence of Linneus and other Naturalists from the
original manuscripts. By Sir J. Edwards Smith. 2 vols. 8vo. Deposited by
Dr. Wilson. :

Oken’s Isis. No. 8, for 1847. From the same.

Palzontology of New York. By James ‘Hall. Vol. 1. 4to. From the
Author.

January 18th.

Report of the Joint Library Committee of the Legislature of New York on the
‘subject of International exchanges. From M. Alex. Vattemare.

Proceedings of the Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding ot
Yorkshire. Vols. 1 and2, (to 1846 inclusive.) From Mr. Henry Denny, of
Leeds, England.

Twenty-seventh Report of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary
Society. 1847. From the Society.

Researches into the comparative construction of the Liver. By Joseph Leidy,
M.D. From the Author.

Henry G. Bohn’s Catalogue of Books. Vol. 1. 8vyo. From the Publisher.

The Carices of the Northern United States: By Join Carey. From Dr.
Zantzinger.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following :—

Voyage autour du Monde sur les Corvettes l'Uranie et la Physicienne en 1817,
1820. Texte tomes 10, 4to; planches, tomes 4, folio.

Voyage autour du Monde de la Corvette La Favorite pendant Jes années 1830,
1831 and 1832. Texte,tomes 5, 8vo.; Hydrographie, tome 1, folio. Histoire du
voyage, tome 1, folio.

Avium species nove, quas in itinere per Brasiliane an. 1817—1820, collegit et
descripsit Dr. T. B. De Spix. 2 vols., folio.

Manuel du Libraire et de amateur de livres: par T. C. Brunet. 5 vols. 8yo.

February \4t.

Bibliotheca historico-naturalis : yon Wilhelm Englemann. Erster band. 8yo.
Deposited by Dr. Wilson.

Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. X. new series,
Part 1.4to. From the Society. d

The American Journal of Science and Arts. Second series, No. 13. January,
1848. From the Editors.

The Literary Record and Journal of the Linnean Association of Pennsylvania
College. Vol. 4, No.3. From the Association.

; aegisse Journal of Agriculture and Science. Vol. 7. No. 1. From the
itor. ‘

A statement of the claims of Charles T. Jackson, M. D., to the discovery of
the applicability of Sulphuric Ether to the prevention of pain in surgical opera-
tions. By Martin Gay, M.D. From Dr. Jackson.

Tribute to American Geologists. (Translated from “ Lecons de Geologie pra-
tique par M. Elie de Beaumont,” by Charles T. Jackson, M.D.) From the
same.

Observations on the Temple of Serapis at Pozznoli, near Naples, &c. By
Charles Babbage, Esq. 8vyo. 1847. From the Author.

Revue Zoologique. No 10, for 1847. Deposited by Dr. Wilson.

The Anatomy of the Human Body. By William Cheselden. 8vo. From Dr.
Dawson, of Philadelphia.

a

32 [Fes.

F A compendium of the Anatomy of the Human Body. By Andrew Fyfe. 3 vols.
yo.
A very old work (small 4to., without title) on “ Dystillations,” in four books
or parts. From Dr. Morton.
February 8th.

Literary Record and Jonrnal of the Linnean Association of Pennsylvania
College. Vol. 4,No. 4. From the Association.

Lamarek’s Genera of Shells. Translated from the French. By Agustus A.
Gould, M. D. 12mo. From Prof. Haldeman.

Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. 3, Part 4. Ato.
Proceedings of the same, Nos. 155 to 177 inclusive. Reports of the
Council and Auditors of the same for 1847; and List of the Fellows, Honorary,
Foreign, and Corresponding Members of the same for 1847. From the Society.

Bulletin of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Vol. 1,No. 13. Dec., 1847.
From the Society.

Objections to the theories severally of Franklin, Dufay and Ampére, &c. By
Robert Hare. From the Author.

On a law of cohesive attractions as exemplified in a Crystal of Snow. By James
D. Dana. From the Author.

On certain laws of cohesive attraction. By James D.Dana. From the same.

Origin of the constituent and adventitious minerals of Trap and the allied
rocks. By James D. Dana. From the same.

Notice of Dr. Blum’s treatise on pseudomorphous minerals, and observations
on pseudomorphism. By James D. Dana. From the same.

February 15th.

Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Vol. 22. Part 2. 4to. London,
1847 ; Proceedings of the same, Nos. 30 to 33 inclusive; and List of the same for
1847. From the Society.

’ The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Nos. 1, 2 and 3.
Juiy, Aug. and Sept., 1847. Singapore. From the Editor.

The American Journal of Agriculture and Science. Vol. 7, No. 2. From the
Editor.

February 22nd.

The Musci and Hepatic of the Northern United States. By Wm. S. Sullivant.
From Dr. Asa Gray.

The Carices of the Northern United States. By John Carey. From the same.

Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, pp. 161 to 296.
From the Academy.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following works :—

Elements of Conchology, according to the Linnean system: By the Rey. E. J.
Burrow, 8vo.

Elements of Conchology. By Emanuel Mendes da Costa. 8vo.

Description d’une collection de Mineraux, formée par M. Henri Heuland.
3 vols. 8vo. and Atlas.

Outlines of the Geology of the vicinity of Cheltenham. By R. J. Murchinsom.
New edition. 8vo.

A history of the Molluscous Animals of Scotland, with an account of the Cir-
rhipedal Animals of the N. E. District. By Wm. Macgillivray. Second edition.
12mo.

The Ancient World, or picturesque sketches of Creation. By D. T. Anstead.
12mo.

Journal of an Overland Expedition in Australia from Moreton Bay to Port Es-
sington, in 1844 and 1845. By Dr. Ludwig Leichardt. 8vo.

Description of the Rapacious Birds of Great Britain. By Wm. Macgillivray.
12mo.

Ornithologia nova. 2 vols. 12mo. Birmingham, 1743.

Wanderings in South America, the North West of the Uuited States, and the

a ee ee ee ee

1848.] 33

Antilles, in 1812, 1816, 1820 and 1834, &c. By Charles Waterton, Esq. Fourth
edition. 12mo.

A Synopsis of the Birds of Australia and the adjacentislands. By John Gould.
Parts 1 to 3. 8vo.

Narrative of a Journey to the shores of the Polar Sea, in 1819, 1820, 1821 and
1822.° By John Franklin, Capt. R. N. 4to.

Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea in 1825, 1826
and 1827. By John Franklin, Capt. R. N., &. 4to.

Historia naturalis Testaceorum Brittania. By Hmanuel Mendes da Costa. 4to.

Indian Zoology. By Thomas Pennant. Second edition. 4to.

A Natural History of British Birds, &. By Mr. Hayes. Folio.

The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Nos. 135, 136.

The Quarterly Journal of the Geographical Society of London. Vol. 3.
Part 1.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. J. T. Hussey. Part 9. 4to.

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. Part 15. 4to

The Genera of Birds. By George Robert Gray. Part 42. 4to.

A list of Rocks and Strata, arranged in the order they generally occur in,
with reference to Sowerby’s works.

Dr. Wilson also presented a very fine collection of Medals in Copper bronzed,
executed in Paris, and arranged on a board covered with crimson velvet, and per-
forated for the purpose of receiving them ; the whole enclosed in a highly finished
frame of black walnut, glazed on both sides, The collection embraces the fol-
lowing :—

Georges Cuvier, Linneus, Hans Sloane, Priestly, Xavier Bichat, Bergman,
F. J. V. Broussais, Lavoisier, E. Ruppell, Vesalius, Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Bar-
tholinus, F. J. Gall, Gaspard Monge, Jean and J. P. J. D’Arcet, Pictet, O. de
Serres, Lacaille, Berzelius, Colombus, Saussure, Fernel, Aldrovandus, Buffon,
James Cook, Lavater, Bernard de Jussieu, J. J. Rousseau, Galvani, Newton,
Dupuytren, Kant, Bonnet, Haller, Ambroise Paré Franklin, J. Coster, Harvey
Sydenham, Roger Bacon, Boerhaave, P. A. Beclard, Leibnitz.

1848.] 35
March 7th, 1848.

Dr. BripGEs in the Chair.

Dr. Morton read a communication from the Rev. Dr. Bachman, of
Charleston, S. C., entitled, ‘‘ Notes on the generation of the Virginian
Opossum (Didelphus Virginiana) ;” which was referred to the following
Committee : Dr. Morton, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Hallowell.

Mr. Pierce stated to the Society, that within the last week, he had
had an opportunity of seeing several interesting specimens of a hybrid
between the Guinea and the Peacock. They were the property of a
farmer residing near Phoenixville, in this State, were about four months
old, and possessed in a marked degree the distinctive characters of
both parents. He expressed a hope of being enabled to obtain one or
more of them for the Society’s collections.

March 21st, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A letter was read from Sir Michael Faraday, dated Royal Institution,
London, 24th February, 1848, acknowledging the receipt of his notice
of election as a Correspondent.

Dr. Hallowell read a paper, entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of two new
species of Onychocephalus from the Western Coast of Africa; and
also communicated some “ Notes of the post mortem appearance of a
Cynocephalus papion, which died at the Menagerie in Philadelphia.”
Both of which papers were referred to a Committee, consisting of
Dr. Leidy, Dr. Morton, and Dr. Wilson.

Dr. Leidy presented a communication from Prof. Haldeman, describ-
ing numerous species of Aphedius, and designed as a supplement to:
his Entomological papers, read at previous meetings of the Society,
and reported for publication in the next number of the Journal. Re-
ferred to the Committee on the former papers.

April 4th, 1848.
Mr. Puriurps in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Rev. Dr. Savage, addressed to Dr. Hallo-
well, dated Natchez, Mississippi, March 10th, 1848, desiring numbers
of the Proceedings in which he was deficient, and in relation to a com-
munication which he had transmitted for publication in the Proceed-
ings, on the habits of some of the Reptilia of Western Africa.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the ‘Société Imperiale des
Naturalistes de Moscou,” dated Moscow, May, 1847, accompanying the
donation of the Numbers of the Bulletin of the Society, announced
this evening.

The Rey. Dr. Bachman communicated, through Dr. Morton, some

é

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA.—VOL. IV. NO. Il. 6

”

36 [APRIL,

additional observations on the generation of the Opossum, which were
read and referred to the Committee on the previous paper, viz.: Drs.
Morton, Leidy, and Hallowell.

Dr. Morton also read a letter from Dr. Middleton Michel, of Charles-
ton, S. C., addressed to the Rev. Dr. Bachman, containing some highly
interesting “ Facts concerning the habits and generation of the Opos-
sum.” Referred to the above Committee.

Mr. Henry C. Lea communicated, for publication in the Journal, a
paper entitled “Catalogues of the Tertiary Testacea of the United
States; by Henry C. Lea.” Referred to a Committee, consisting of
Dr. Morton, Mr. Phillips, and Mr. Conrad.

Dr. Leidy read a paper describing a new fossil genus of Ruminan-
toid Pachyderms, (Merycoidodon Culbertsonii ;) which was referred to
Drs. Wilson, Morton, and Pickering.

On motion, Resolved, That a copy of the Proceedings, as far as pub-
lished, be presented to the Rev. Dr. T. S. Savage.

On motion, also Fesolved, That a copy of the first number of the
New Series of the Journal be presented to M. Fischer de Waldheim.

April 11th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

Letters were read—

From Prideaux John Selby, Esq., dated Twizell House, Northumber-
land, England, March 14th, 1848, returning acknowledgments for his
election as a correspondent :—

From Richard Brown, Esq., dated Sydney Mines, Cape Breton,
N. S., March Ist, 1848, offering for the acceptance of the Academy, a
number of interesting coal fossils from that region :—

From Mr. Joseph Smith, of Amherst, N. S., dated March 29th, 1848,
in relation to the ‘“‘Joggins main seam of Coal”’ in that vicinity :—

From the Secretary of the American Philosophical Society, dated
April 9th, 1848, acknowledging the receipt of the last number of the
Proceedings.

A letter was read from the Rey. Dr. T. S. Savage, addressed to Dr.
Hallowell, dated Natchez, Miss., Jan. 10th, 1848, containing the follow-
ing interesting information, in relation to the habits of some specimens
of Natural History from Africa, recently presented by the writer to the
Society.

“It was my intention to have made an earlier communication on the habits of
-several of the specimens of Natural History, which I sent to the cabinet of the

Academy of Natural Sciences, from Liberia, but having been much occupied in
matters of higher moment, I have not found the time to do it, and, even now, I
must defer my observations on the ants, &c.

At the present time, I propose to givea few facts respecting but one specimen
of the Saurians, (of which I send several, some of which I think will prove to
be new) and two Ophidians.

1. Crocodilida. At this distance of time, I cannot say whether I found this

1848.] 37

to be an alligator or gavial, but, my impression is, that it was the latter. The
question, however, you will be able to decide. It was captured at Cavalla, a
mission station of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and a coast town belonging
to the tribe of Africans called Grebos, the aboriginal inhabitants of the region of
Cape Palmas. Its local native name is the same as that given to the dog, which,
adopting as we do, the principles of Pickering for the reduction to writing of
the Indian languages, is written Adinh, not easily expressed in English.

Its habits are the same, in general, as those of the crocodile proper and alliga-
tor. It inhabits the smaller fresh water streams and standing water in the low
grounds, feeding on fish and aquatic reptiles. It digs a hole in the bed or banks
of streams for a temporary abode, whence it springs upon its unwary prey. It
deposits its eggs on the surface of the ground, and covers them over with leaves
and light trash, in which particular, it differs from the crocodile proper, and
alligator. It is timid and harmless, frequently taken by the natives and esteem-
ed highly for food. This individual would not have escaped the caldron, had
it not been for a fortunate junction of circumstances with their superstitions.

3. Ophidians. Amphisbeena.

I send a sketch taken soon after its capture, which accurately shows its colors
in a recent state. It was captured by one of my Missionary associates on the
beach.

It is stated in works on Natural History, that its food is principally ants. I
am inclined to think this correct, as it is the opinion of intelligent natives in
Africa, from the fact, that this animal inhabits the domicils of the ‘‘ white ant”
(Termes bellicosus of Smeathman, T. fatale of Linn.), and hence has received
the name of Nyonh-re-tedi, literally the white ant snake.

It is not often visible, and its dubious character renders it an object of great
dread to the natives, it being considered dangerous to look upon it. It is con-
sidered an extraordinary Fetish, i. e., something that has the power in itself of
exerting a direct influence upon other bodies, for good or evil. Of this reptile
an evil influence is always predicted.

Viper. (Cerastes nasicornis, Hal., Proceed. A. N. 8. Vol. III. p. 319.)

The natives dread this serpent more than any other known.

It is very venomous—slow and sluggish in its movements—retreats from
man, except when trodden on, or opposed in its progress.

It inhabits both high and few grounds, feeding on rats, the smaller reptiles,
and fresh water fish that inhabit the marshes.

Its vicinity is known by a peculiar sound, somewhat like a suppressed groan .
this is succeeded by a hissing or blowing noise. The former is a warning that
every one acquainted with its habits remembers and knows well the necessity
of heeding; the latter indicates a readiness to bite. When it is about te make
an attack, it flattens its head and body, retracting itself upon its tail, and then,
with its mouth enormously distended, its fangs protruded, and eyes flashing
fire, it darts at its prey. It is said not to spring, but, with the latter part of its
body and tail fixed to the ground, to strike at its victim.

The poison is very intense: generally it proves immediately fatal, but some-
times hours will intervene. It is probably modified in its action, in such cases,
by the difference of susceptibility in persons, superficial character of the wound |
and perhaps other incidental circumstances.

38 [APRIL,

The native treatment for the bite of this, and all other serpents, is, to suck
out the poison: make a free incision over the wound, and apply the juice of an
unknown plant, sometimes a strong decoction of the same. Recovery is some-
times said to occur, but very rarely, however, A direct, deep flesh wound is
supposed always to prove fatal.

The symptoms are, severe pain in the parts—rigors more or less palpable—
sensation of heat—vomiting—profuse perspiration and purging. If not much
reduction of vital energy attend, there is a possibility of recovery ; but if, on
the contrary, an early sickness comes on, there can be no hope—death soon
follows.

A case occurred at one of our mission stations, supposed to be from the bite
of this viper, though it is not certain. A young man had been out in search of
Palm-nuts (fruit of the Elais guiniensis.) As he was returning, he heard the
warning sound, but knowing the habits of the reptile, and supposing it to be on
one side, he proceeded without precaution, and was bitten in the calf of his leg.
He represented himself as being immediately disabled. He halloed till some
one came to his relief, and was carried on the mission premises, which were at
hand. It is supposed that a half hour, perhaps an hour, had passed. The leg,
when first seen, was greatly swollen, nearly to the size of his thigh; the skin
was tense and hot, with great pain in the surrounding parts. A free incision
was made, and the blood pressed out. Stimulants and narcotics were freely
given, and recovery succeeded.

The intensity of the poison has been manifested several times in the case of
dogs. One case of this kind came under my immediate notice. Some of the
mission scholars had permission to spend an afternoon in hunting. They pro-
cured for this purpose a valuable dog from a neighboring colonist. They had
not left the road for the thicket long, before they heard a piercing cry of dis-
tress from the dog. They ran immediately to the spot, where they saw this
viper, and the dog lying on his back, as ifin convulsions. They shot the ser-
pent, and carried them both to the road, by which time the dog was dead,
From a minute examination into the circumstances of the case, I was convinced
that not more than fifteen minutes could have transpired from the bite, to the
death of the dog.

The original of the sketch I send you have inthe cabinet. It was captured
on the high grounds of my own premises. In company with one of my asso-
ciates, I was drawn to the spot by the barking of our dogs. We found them
surrounding the viper, and not twice its length from it. It was retracted upon
itself, as already described, its body and tail flattened, and the latter acting as
a fulcrum; from this, as a fixed point, it was darting forward alternately at the
dogs. At every stroke, its jaws were widely extended, its fangs protruded to a
fearful length, and its eyes rolled and flashed terribly to the beholder. My
companion, being a good marksman, succeeded in bringing down the serpent
without injury to the dogs. It measured as follows :—Length 3.9-12 feet;
greatest circumference of the abdomen 9.1-12 inches; width of the head a
base 3 inches; length of head 2.5-8 inches ; ; length of the horny processes over
the nose 7-16 of aninch. Its abdomen was considerably distended, on opening
which, three rats, and other food undigested, were discovered.

It may not be irrelevant here to remark, that several cases of bites and stings
of yenomous reptiles and insects, have come under my notice at Cape Palmas,

1848.] 39

which I have treated on the principles above stated. I have heard of deaths
from these causes, but none have fallen within my observation. One case, that
of acolonist, nearly proved fatal, but I supposed it was from the time the poison
had to act in the system before he came under treatment. He was a sawyer,
and was in the act of preparing a log for the saw, when he was bitten by a
snake which he observed retreating. Being intent upon his work at the time, he
did not get a good view of it, but said it presented a green aspect,probably another
species. He had bat one companion, who carried him on his back for two or
three hours, when he reached my premises. The wound was in the foot; this
was greatly swollen, as was also the leg as high as the kneee. He seemed to
be greatly prostrated and in great pain ; vomited several times a light-colored
watery fluid. I immediately administered, in large doses, strong rum and sul-
phate of morphine, and made a free incision over the wound. So reduced was
the vitality of the parts that scarcely any blood flowed at first, but a passive
hemorrhage came on subsequently, to stop which the blood vessels had to be
taken up and tied. The whole limb up to the groin, became enormously
swollen; a bad sore followed from the incision, and the cuticle of the leg, to a
great extent, cameoff. He recovered at the end of three weeks.

This statement is made in works on Natural History, and by travellers, that
the centipedes ard scorpions of tropical climates are deadly poison. But
in respect to those of West Africa, it is incorrect. Many stings from both have
come within my notice, and have proved no more than the stings of bees and
wasps.”

Dr. Morton offered the following remarks on the ancient Peruvian
crania from Pisco, deposited by him this evening.

He pointed out the fact that all the crania in his collection from this locality,
upwards of seventy in number, have been modified by pressure into artificial
forms, in one of which the head is extended or elongated in the upward direc-
tion, though in very different degrees, while in another class, the pressure has
been so applied, as to flatten the forehead, and to widen and elongate the whole
structure, in the manner yet practised by the Indian tribes of Oregon. Dr.
Morton read translations from the works of several of the earliest travellers and
historians of Peru,—- Cieza, Torquanda and Garciloso de la Vega, containing
descriptions of these very forms of the head, and the artificial processes that
were then in use to produce them.

Dr. M. concluded by remarking, that if no other evidence had descended to,
us than the statements of these authors, the facts would never have been be-
lieved; but we have now abundant proof of their correctness, in the multitudes
of desiccated bodies that yet remain in the Peruvian cemeteries, and which, in
that dry climate, have resisted the ravages of time and temperature for hun-
dreds, and perhaps for thousands of years.

April 18th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A letter was read from William C. Redfield, Esq., dated New York,
April 17, 1848, expressing his thanks and those of Professor Agassiz,

40 [ APRIL,

for the specimens of fossil fishes loaned to them by the permission of
the Society, for comparison and description, and returning the same to
the Cabinet.

April 25th, 1848.
Vice President Morron in the Chair.

The Committee to whom was referred Dr. Bachman’s communica-
tions in relation to the generation of the Opossum, and also the letter of
Dr. Middleton Michel, of Charleston, 8. C., on the same subject, ad-
dressed to the Rev. Dr. Bachman, reported in favor of publication.

Notes on the Generation of the Virginian Opossum ( Didelphis Virginiana.)
By Joun Bacuman, D. D.

Under an impression that the following extracts from notes made at intervals
during the last few years, may throw some additional light on the natural his-
tory of one of the most interesting of American quadrupeds, I communicate
them for the information of the Society.

March \st, 1846.—Received to-day five female opossums, captured last night.
One of these had ten young in the pouch; another nine ; the third had eleven ;
the fourth fourteen. They were all very diminutive, and appeared to be nearly
the same age—about two or three days. The fifth was a small animal of the
preceding autumn, and I was doubtful whether she had been impregnated.

March 34.—On the evening of this day, I examined my small female opossum.
The mammary organs were considerably distended, and I began to suspect that
I had erred in my previous conjectures, and concluded to dissect her on the fol-
lowing day.

March 4th.—At 7 o’clock this morning, when prepared to commence my dis-
section of the opossum, I discovered three young in the pouch, and supposing
that so small a female would produce no additional number, I concluded that I
would spare her life. She was confined in a box in a room where I was writing.
When I occasionally looked at her I found her lying on her side, her body drawn
up in the shape of a ball; the vulva appeared to reach the pouch, which was
occasionally distended with her paws. At 6 o'clock in the afternoon, as she
had appeared very restless for several hours, I was induced to examine her
again, when I discovered she had added four more to her previous number,
making her young family now to consist of seven. With no inconsiderable
labor, and the exercise of much patienee, I removed three of the young from the
teat, one of which perished under the process. The three weighed twelve grains,
averaging four grains each. I replaced the two living ones in the pouch; at 9
o’clock examined her and found the young again attached to the teats.

The young were naked, blind, ears protuberances covered by an integument ;
mouth closed, with the exception of a very small orifice sufficiently large to
receive the small attenuated teat. Tail }inch in length.

March 11.—Weighed the largest of the young, and found that it had increased
to 30 grains. Length of body 1} inch, tail $ inch. The nostrils were now
open. The young were very tenacious of life, as on removing two they remained

1848.] 41

alive through a cool night in a room containing no fire, and still evidenced a
slight motion at 12 o’clock on the following day. The teats of the mother,
after the young had been gently drawn off, measured an inch in length, having
been much distended, and appeared to have been drawn into the stomach of the
young.

March 16th.—The dark color of the eye can be seen through the transparent
skin, but it is still perfectly closed. A few hairs have made their appearance
on the moustache. The orifice of the ears beginning to be developed. Nails
visible and sharp. The pouch of the young females is quite apparent, and the
sexes may be determined as soon as born. They voided urine and excrement
—used their prehensile tails, which were seen entwined around the necks of
others even at a week old.

February and March, 1847.—Made anumber of observations on a large number
of females. As they, however, all had young in their pouches before I procured
them, I will only notice one experiment made in order to ascertain the manner
in which the young became attached to the teats.

March 11th.—Conjecturing that the young were aided by the mother in finding
the teat, and believing that she would not readily adopt the young of another, or
afford them any assistance, I removed six of the ten which composed her brood—
returned two of her own to the pouch, together with three others, fully double
the size, that had been obtained from another female. She was soon observed
doubled up, with her nose in the pouch, and continned so for an hour, whenshe
was examined, and one of her own small young was found attached to the teat.
Seven hours afterwards she was again examined, and both the small ones were
attached, but the three larger ones still remained crawling about the pouch.

March 12th.—The mother seemed now to have adopted the strangers, and the
whole family of different sizes were deriving sustenance from her.

February 11th, 1848.—Having received from the country a large female that
appeared to be impregnated, I this day dissected her. As soon as the uterus was
removed from the body of the animal, which had just been killed and was yet
warm, I observed the whole mass in irregular motion. There were nine young
that would evidently have been produced in one or two days. Three were con-
tained in one department and six in the other. They lay embedded in a thick
dark-brown mucous substance, which filled and greatly distended the sacs. They
possessed more life and motion than I had previously been led to suppose. One of
them moved several inches on the table, and survived two hours. I attempted
to weigh this uterine foetus, and as far as I could ascertain with an imperfect
pair of scale, it weighed 3 grains,

Although naturalists at the present day could scarcely entertain a doubt that
the process of generation in this species did not differ materially from those of
the Kangaroo and other Marsupialia, yet I am not aware that the young of the
Virginian Opossum had been previouslv detected in the uterus.

The short period of gestation, the reluctance of many of them in copulating in
a state of confinement, unless perfectly domesticated, rendered the discovery one
of considerable difficulty. I have moreover found, that during the period of ges-
tation, the females, like those of some other species, particularly the Bear, can
seldom be found.

In February, 1847,by offering premiums to servants, I procured from Various
localities, in three nights,"35 opossums, and there was not a single female in

42 [APRIL,

the whole number. As soon, however, as the young were contained in the
pouch, I received more females than males.

February 14th, 1848.—Dissected a small female that had been captured six
days before. She proved impregnated, but in a much earlier stage of develop-
ment than the one [examined three daysago. On opening the uterus, I found
five on one side and seven onthe other. These were nearly the size of a garden
pea, and resembled pellucid vesicles. Under a microscope the germinal mem-
branes represented a cellular structure as in otheranimals. The corpora-lutea
corresponded with the number of ova.

The manner in which the act of copulation is effected is no longera subject of
conjecture, although I have not personally observed it. An intelligent coloured
man in whose veracity I place great coafidence, was requested five years ago to
watch this process. He assured me that he had observed the female receiving
the embraces of the male while lying on herside. Within the the last few weeks,
Dr. Middleton Michel of this city, an intelligent and close observer, who has
devoted much time to the investigation of this subject, has observed this process
with two female opossums which he has preserved in a domesticated state. He
informs me that they received the male whilst lying on their right side.

From various observations I have made for the last three years, I had set
down the period of gestation in the opossum at 17 days. I received a female,
said by the servant to have been captured in the act of copulation. She pro-
duced her young on the seventeenth day. Ihad, however, placed her with a male
that I kept in confinement at the time; but she exhibited such a savage temper
towards him, that for the sake of peace, I was compelled to separate them after
three days. Dr. Michel, however, informs me that a female in his possession,
produced young on the fourteenth day. Although I was at first confident that the
true period was 17 days, I think it probable that from the superior advantages
Dr. Michel has possessed with his animals in a state of domestication, he may
have approximated nearer to the true time than myself.

In the second volume on American Quadrupeds, now in the course of publica-
tion, the history of this animal will be treated more in detail.

Further Olservations on the Generation of the Opossum.

By the Rey. Dr. BacuMay.

February 15th, 1848.—On the morning of this day I received five female
opossums from the country, three of whom I was informed by Col. Hall, (who
zealously and successfully interested himself in procuring specimens for my
examination), had produced young in the box in which they were confined, a day
or two previous to their having been sent. Their several pouches contained
eight, nine, and eleven young. There were two, as he informed me, in the state
in which I was anxious to obtain them; as they had not yet produced their
young. On examination, however, I discovered that one of the two had evi-
dently brought forth amid the jolting consequent on her conveyance from the
country. Five young were in the pouch. I observed, on examination, that a
sixth was lying at the bottom of the box, and was still living. Supposing it
possible that all the young had been excluded, I concluded to sacrifice the
mother; and was repaid for an apparent cruelty, exercised very reluctantly, by

1848.] 43

discovering that the female was stillin the act of parturition; a remaining
young one was found in the vagina, within half an inch of the external surface.
It was moving, head downwards, among a reddish-brown mucous mass, such as
had been previously observed in the uterus of a female already referred to.
There was not even the rudiment of a placenta. If it had previously existed, it
must have been ruptured in the passage of the fetus, and escaped my most care-
ful search. I was, however, under an impression that I discovered the slight
rudiment of an umbilical cord. The nostrils were open; the lungs were filled
with air; and, on a subsequent experiment, they were observed to float on the
surface of water. On dissecting the uterus it was found flaccid and nearly
empty, a slight brown mucus on the sides only being visible.

On the afternoon of the same day I had the remaining female destroyed. On
dissecting down to the uterus, I found it greatly distended—full of young, and,
as I then supposed, near the period of production. There was a constant but
irregular motion in the various parts; and I felt confident that I would now be
furnished with the long sought for opportunity of making a thorough investiga-
tion of the various particulars that required farther elucidation. I concluded,
however, previously, to have a drawing made of the uterus as it presented itself
in this state ; this consumed the remainder of theevening. As the weather was
warm I madea slight incision in the parts, and placed the whole in alcohol. On
the following morning, when, with a scientific friend, we entered on the exami-
nation, I was greatly disappointed and mortified, to find that the whole had been
so much dissolved by the alcohol that we could make no satisfactory examina-
tion. The young were lying in broken fragments in the midst of the unctuous
and now considerably diminished mass. I now can scarcely suppose that the
motion I had observed for an hour while the drawing was in progress could
have been any other than a muscular contraction and dilation of the different
parts of the uterus itself, and not of the young, which were evidently not suffi-
ciently advanced to have occasioned it.

I would here observe that where the outward integuments of animals are so
very tender as those of young opossums a few days previous to their birth, it
is advisable to dilute the alcohol to more than half its original strength, as I
find the young one that was fully formed, taken from the mother a few mo-
ments before birth by the Cesarean operation referred to, has been preserved
in good order inalcohol thus diluted.

In conclusion I will yet adda brief summary of the present state of our know-
ledge of the natural history of an animal, whose anatomical structure and
peculiar habits have led to the adoption of many vulgar errors, and produced
several contradictory theories among physiologists. We will thus be enabled to
see what important points still remain for farther investigation, and will at the
same time be gratified to observe that, although our progress in the investigation
of a singularly perplexed subject has been very slow, yet there has beena
gradual advance in our knowledge, leading us to the conviction, that in a very
few years the history of the opossum will be as correctly and familiarly known
to the community at large as that of the hare or squirrel.

1. The interesting group of the Marsupialia has recently been arranged by
Owen into five tribes and families, and sixteen genera: these include about
seventy known species, to which additions are continually making; the Virgi-
nian opossum being, however, the only species known in the United States. The

44 [ApRIL,
osteological characters of the latter species have been so accurately described
and delineated that little remains to be added in this department.

2. The organs of generation being found perfect and adapted to their peculiar
uses—the double uterus to the bifurcated organ of the male—should have in
themselves been sufficient to have thrown doubts on the assertions of our early
authors—Marcgrave, Pison, Valentyn, Beverly, the Marquis of Chastellux,
Pennant, and others—that ‘‘the pouch was the matrix of the young cpossum,
and that the mamma are, with regard to the young, what stalks are to their
fruits.’

3. The mode of copulation, although differing from that of the majority of
quadrupeds, is far from being the only exception to a general law; our porcu-
pine (Hystrix dorsata) may be cited as another instance. In this respect the
actions of animals correspond with their peculiar organization, and the struc-
ture of the genital organs, as well as the whole anatomy of the cpossum, are
in accordance with this habit.

4. The question propounded in 1819, to naturalists, by Geoffroy, ‘‘ Are the
pouched animals born attached to the teats of the mother ?’’ is satisfactorily
answered.

5. The period of gestation being between fifteen and seventeen days, is in
this respect shorter than that of any other known species (that of the Kangaroo
being thirty-eight days), suggests the idea of the probability of some modifica-
tion of uterine structure, approaching in some respects that of the birds and
Ovoviviparous reptiles.

6. Although the period of gestation is so short, the young are far more per-
fectly developed at birth than has been usually supposed. The views of Blu-
menbach, who likens them to abortions, as well as those of Dr. Barton, (I
quote from Griffith as I have not recently seen the original) appear in this
particular suprisingly inaccurate. ‘‘The Didelphes,’’ he says, ‘‘ put forth,
not fetuses, but gelatinous bodies; they weigh at their first appearance
generally about a grain, some a little more, and seven of them together weighed
ten grains.’? My observations have convinced me that they are far from being
merely ‘‘ gelatinous bodies,’’ but that they are pretty well developed, indeed
nearly as much so as the young of the white-footed mouse and several other
species of Rodentia. They are covered by one integument—nourished by the
mamme—breathe through nostrils—are remarkably tenacious of life, and are
capable of a progressive movement at the moment of their birth. Hence I am
not fully satisfied with the accuracy of the terms used by De Blainville and Dr.
Barton—when they speak of two sorts of gestation—one uterine and the other
mammary. It is admitted that for so large an animal as the adult opossum, the
young are not only very small, but feeble, and are for several weeks sustained in
a kind of secondary domicil, termed the pouch, where they receive warmth, and
that they continue during this period firmly attached to the teats, which they do
not relinquish till they are pretty well grown. It will be recollected, however,
that there is in several of our animals an approach to this latter peculiarity.
The white-footed mouse (Mus leucopus) ; the Florida rat (Neotoma Floridana),
and several species of Bats are known, the two former to travel, and the latter
to fly about for one or two weeks, with their young attached to their teats, and
that these young are not only blind and naked, but nearly as helpless as those of
the opossum. It will be farther recollected that there are several species in

1848. 45

the extensive group of Mammals to which the opossum belongs, that are desti-
tute of the pouch, the young in these cases adhering to the teats like those of the
Florida rat, &c., exhibiting an approach to species of a different conformation-

7. The manner in which the young are placed into the pouch and attached to
the teats, I have referred to in my observations on the female that brought forth
her young in the room where was sitting, on the 4th of March, 1846, (although I
was not at the time aware that she was in the act of parturition). She was re-
clining in the corner of the cage, a little on one side, with her shoulders some-
what elevated; her body was much doubled, the vulva nearly reaching the
pouch, the latter being occasionally opened by her paws. She was busily em-
ployed with her nose and mouth licking, as I thought, her pouch, but which I af-
terwards ascertained was her young. I came to the conclusion that she shoved
them into the pouch, and with her nose or tongue moved them to the vicinity of
the teats, where, by an instinct of nature, the teat was drawn into the small
orifice of the mouth by suction. I observed subsequently that the well-formed
young I extracted from the vagina, which I rolled in warm cotton, was instinc-
tively engaged in sucking at the fibres of the cotton, and had succeeded in draw-
ing into its mouth a considerable lengthof thread. I may here remark that on
the 21st of February of the present year a female opossum was sent to me late
in the evening. She had been much wounded on being captured, and died in con-
sequence a few days afterwards. On the morning after I received her I perceived
in her pouch seven young ; they had not been attached and were dead ; abortion
had taken place, and they had evidently been placed in the pouch by the moth-
er’s uncontrollable attachment to her offspring even after they were dead.

8. The opossum is one of the most prolific of our quadrupeds. I consider the
early parts of the three months of March, May and July as the periods when
they successively bring forth; it is even probable that they breed still more fre-
quently, as Ihave observed the young during all the spring and summer months.
I find in my notes the following memorandum: ‘‘ May, 1830 In searching for in-
sects, I was removing with my foot some sticks composing the nest of the Florida
rat. Iwas startled on finding my boot unceremoniously and rudely seized by
an animal which I soon ascertained was a female opossum. She had in her
pouch five very small young, whilst seven others, about the size of full grown
rats, were detected peeping from under the rubbish, and were captured.”

9. An interesting inquiry remains to be answered. Is the opossum a placental
or anon-placental animal? IfIam to understand by this term, whether the
opossum has or has not a placenta, I can readily answer in the negative. In
these intricate matters the naturalist should, if possible, see with his own eyes,
and speak at all times as feeling himself firm on his own feet. I have had allthe
opportunities I could have desired of perfectly satisfying my own mind on this
subject, but can only state that in all the examinations I have made I could never
find the slightest appearance of a placenta, and I do not believe that one exists.

Iam, however, far from being equally satisfied on another point, to which I
confess my observations were not directed until it was almost too late to make the
necessary investigations. Although I do not believe that a placenta exists, or
that there is any attachment of the foetus to the parietes of the uterus, it does not
from hence follow as a natural consequence that there isnoallantois. If gnan-
imal has a placenta, there is a sure evidence of the pre-existence of an allantois ;
but there is in many animals, and especially among the smaller species of Mar-

46 [ APRIL,

supialia, a modified structure in these parts; and the allantois, umbilical cord,
as well as the omphalo-mesenteric arteries and veins may exist in the absence of
a placenta. Inthe very unsatisfactory examinations I have been enabled to make
on this subject, I came to the conclusion that there was some reason to believe
that an allantois existed, and that there were some traces of the omphalome-
senteric vessels running through the mucous substance in which the young lay
imbedded. It is proper, however, to observe, that my friends Prof. Hume and
Drs. Harlbeck and Michel, who subsequently examined the well preserved spe-
cimen of the 15th, and the imperfect remains of the contents of the other uteri,
came to the very opposite conclusion. I nevertheless hazard the conjecture that
these appendages may yet be found in the uterus at an advanced stage of preg-
nancy. This suspicion, however, remains either to be confirmed or refuted bya
more favorable opportunity for examination. Owen, in describing, in 1834, the
foetus and membrane of the Kangaroo at apparently the middle period of uterine
gestation, found its condition such as obtains in the viper and other ovovivi-
parous reptiles, there being no trace of the existence of an allantois. In 1837,
however (see Magazine of Nat. Hist., p. 481), having received another speci-
men in a more advanced stage, he found numerous ramifications of the um-
bilical vessels constituting a true allantois. The umbilical cord extended three
lines from the abdominal surface of the fetus. Having seen and examined that
specimen, I may have unconsciously formed a theory which has misled me in
conjecturing that I had observed a similar organization in the opossum.

Letter from Middleton Michel, M. D., of Charleston, S. C.
To the Rey. John Bachman, D. D.

Dear Dr.—You will oblige me by adding the few facts which I am able to
State, concerning the habits and generation of our Opossums, to your valuable
communication, addressed to the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.

Ist. [have first noticed their mode of copulation, which though singular in it-
self, finds its explanation in the position and structure of the penis. The female,
after repeated solicitations on the part of the male, which are conducted as among
other animals, finally reclines upon her left side, being drawn into this position
by the male ; his front legs are employed in securing her, while the hinder ones
are made to pass on each side of the loins of the female, over and between her
hind legs. The penis, measuring two inches and more, is thus brought into more
immediate relation with the sexual organs of the female. Copulation lasted five
minutes. The sperm passes along the lateral canals, its only possible course,
as the bifurcated organ of intromission is received to some distance into them.

2d. I have further determined, that the period of gestation is not twenty and
twenty-two days as has been believed. I placed a female with the male on the
27th of January, and on the 28th, at 7} o’clock, A. M., I witnessed them en-
gaged in the act. She was left three days with the male, then isolated, and on
the 12th of February, fifteen days after the first coitus, had her young, six in
number, in the pouch. Admitting that the period may vary from fifteen to
seventeen days, the having settled this point I regard of paramount importance
in answer to another question to be shortly examined.

3d. The rut begins in January and continues till June, as I have seen young
just received into the pouch during these months.

MERYCOIDODON CULBERTSONII. Leidy.

24

From nature & on stone by RH Kern

1848.] 47

4th. The number of young is from siz to thirteen. I have had a female with
thirteen in the pouch; never less than five.

5th. The size of the young at birth is four lines in length, two in breadth ;
weight four grains.

6th. The structure of the male and female organs has been well described by
Cooper, Tyron, De Blainville, Home, and others. But I would remark that there
is no communication between the uterine extremity of the lateral tubes (or the
sinus, as I would term it,) and the vagina, as figured by Home and others.

7th. This leads me to mention that parturition takes place as follows: the
young pass down through the lateral tubes, there being no other exit for them,
and immediately after parturition these canals are very much enlarged.

The mode of transmission to the pouch is a part of the process hitherto un-
known, which I have recently witnessed as well asthe nature of the circum-
stances would permit. The female stood on her hind legs, and the body being
much bent, the young appeared at the vulva; they were licked into the pouch.
They were born without any trace of an umbilical cord. The pouch was not
interfered with for some time, when her mouth was introduced into it while
her front paws held it open; after this manceuvre was completed, the little ones
were all found attached to the teats. I would further remark that this attach-
ment is an instinctive act on their part, as it is impossible to conceive of any
interference of the mother effecting it. The mouths of the embryons present
but an infinitely small opening, compared with the size of the teat, and with
the hand it is an almost impossible attempt to attach them.

8th. The ova in the vesicles are larger in proportion than in other mammalia ;
the vitellus is enveloped by a thin vitelline membrane. The germinal vesicle
is, however, in the same position as in other mammals ; the transformation in the
tubes, where I have met with one, after fecundation, appears the same as in the
rabbit. In the uterus, the germinal membrane has the same structure and ap-
pearance asinthe rabbit. This stage I witnessed, through Dr. Bachman’s kind-
ness, as he gave me the uterus to examine.

9th. Whether these animals be placental or non-placental, is a question which
I cannot positively decide until I have finished the series of observations pro-
posed, but the inference that they are not placental, is rendered legitimate, first,
by the peculiarities in the structure of the brain and other organs, which show
their close proximity to the bird; second, by no allantois attached and convey-
ing blood vessels to the chorion; third, by the short period of gestation; for the
ova were discovered in the uterus on the ninth day, and the period of gestation
being fifteen or sixteen days would render such a structure needless.

The Committee on Dr. Leidy’s description of a new fossil genus of
Ruminantoid Pachydermata, reported in favor of publication.

On a New Fossil Genus and Species of Ruminantoid Pachydermata: Merycoido-
don Culbertsonii.
By JoserH Leipy, M. D.

Merycoidodon.* This genus is founded upon two fragments handed to me by
Dr. Morton, who obtained them for the cabinet of the Academy, from Mr. Cul-

* pnpuxage, rumino ; «dss, forma; ody, dens.

48 [ APRIL,

bertson, the same gentleman who lately enriched our collection by the deposit
of the cranium of Poébrotherium, described in the number of the Proceedings
for Nov. and Dec., 1847.

One of the fragments is a small portion of the upper jaw of the right side, con-
taining the posterior two molar teeth, and attached to a portion of the same
kind of matrix, which partially enveloped the cranium of Poébrotherium. The
two teeth are perfect, with the exception that the antero-external demicone of
the penultimate molar is broken away. The penultimate molar has four fangs,
the internal ones of which are divergent from the external. The last molar was
just upon the point of protruding so that the crown only is formed.

The other fragment is a portion two inches long of the right side of the infe-
rior maxilla, and contains the posterior three molars. The internal half of the
crown of the antepenultimate molar is destroyed, as is also a small projecting
point on the internal surface of the penultimate molar. The last molar isin the
same condition as the corresponding superior tooth. The external part of the
upper enameled surface of the crown of the antepenultimate molar is worn away
from the outside inwardly, as is also the edge of the same part of the crown of
the penultimate molar.

The enamel is thin and about as rugose as that of Cervus virginianus.

The molars, like those of Merycopotamus,* have the antero-posterior cleft
dividing the primary lobes, forming two bends triangular convex, inwards in
the superior teeth, outwards in the inferior teeth ; producing a crown haying
the ruminant pattern.

The inner demicones of the superior molars are triangular convex. Their
inner surface inclines outwards from the base, at an angle of 65 degrees, and is
a very little concave in this direction. The outer surface is concave, inclined at
an angle of about 50 degrees, and runs into the outer demicones at the depth of
from three to three and a half lines from the apex of the latter. The exposed
part of their base is surrounded by a projectiug ridge, about one-fifth of a line
deep on the anterior and posterior sides of the tooth, and perceptible internally
merely as a slight rising of the base, excepting opposite the interlobular depres-
sion, where a smalldrregular and rather inconspicuous tubercle exists, apparent-
ly formed by the union of the ridge of the two internal demicones at this point,
but no ridge passes from this tubercle outwards into the interlobular fissure as
in Mercycopotamus.

The inner demicones fold around the external convexities of the external demi-
cones. The antero-external edge of the enamel fold of the postero-internal demi-
cone projects a line or more between the postero-external edge of the antero-in-
ternal demicone and the postero-external demicone, causing the latter edge to
bend abruptly forwards towards the antero-external demicone.

The points of the exterior demicones project above those of the interior, less
in the last thanin the penultimate molar. The internal surface is triangular con-
vex, with a little vertical inclination. The external surface is concave from side
to side, nearly vertical, and is slightly elevated in a vertical line in the middle.

The postero-external angle of the postero-external demicone of the penultimate
molar, forms a strong, rounded, vertical prominence, which in the last molar is

* Vol. 2, pl. 140, Fig. 8.

1848.] 49

considerably more developed, so as to prevent the appearance of an almost dis-
tinct conical column.

Opposite the interlobular depression of the last molar, the exterior demicones
combine to form a strong and much projecting, triangular, vertical ridge, the
base of the triangle corresponding to the base of the crown. A similar ridge,
though not quite so prominent, exists at the antero-external angle of the antero-
external demicone. These ridges probably also existed in the penultimate molar,
which is not capable of being determined from the imperfection of the specimen.

These teeth differ from the molar tooth of the Merycopotamus, figured in
Owen’s Odontography,* by being much smaller, the ridge along the base of the
inner demicones being neither so strong nor rugged, in the projection of the
enamel fold on the crown separating the antero-internal, from the postero-
external demicone, by the presence of the two strongly prominent external ridges,
and the absence or very slight development of the convex ridge at the bottom
of the external concavities.

The inferior molars, in general appearance resemble those of Dichobune, Cuv.

The exterior demicones are a little longer and about as broad as the interior
superior ones, and their external prismatic surface is not so much inclined. At
their base, on the front and back of the teeth, their exists a ridge corresponding
in its characters to that of the superior internal demicones. Between the two
demicones at their base, exists a triangular tubercle, apparently produced by the
union of the basal ridges of the demicones at this point. The supero-internal
face is concave, but does not descend so much as the corresponding surface of
the supero-internal demicones.

The points of the inner demicones, when compared with the exterior ones, rise
higher than the corresponding or exterior demicones of the superior teeth.

Their external surface is compressed triangular or nearly convex, and nearly
vertical. Internally they are more oblique, concave from side to side, but ele-
vated into a broad convex ridge in the middle. The posterior angle has the ap-
pearance of being slightly twisted inwards, so as to produce a small prominence.
Below the posterior prominent angle of the antero-internal demicone, and pro-
jecting from the base of the posterior demicone, is a small tubercle that looks
as if squeezed in the angle of separation between the demicones.

In the specimen, the posterior molar has but two lobes, which if it be the
normal condition, would be a remarkable peculiarity among the ruminantoid
Pachydermata. A third lobe might have existed which has been broken off,
although the tooth has no appearance of such a loss. ;

The breadth of the lower jaw, below the penultimate molar, is about equal
to that of Cervus virginianus, and internally, just above the base and parallel to
it, it is deeply depressed. The species I have named “ Culbertsonii,” in honor

of the family, to whom science is indebted for the preservation of these inter-
esting remains.

Measurements.
Superior molars :—
Penultimate:

Greatest heighth of crown, at exterior demicones, . : : : 5

*Owen’s Odontography, vol. 1, p. 566.
The measurements are taken in English inches and parts of ditto.

-

50 [ APRIL.

Geatest transverse diameter, at base of posterior demicones, . sy f
ae antero-posterior diameter, A : : i - ‘ 675
Mf heighth of internal anterior demicone, . ; ‘ : 375
a af posterior & : . : : 3
Breadth of internal demicones, at base, : : ‘ . ‘ 475
Length of external fangs, F : ‘. J ; = E 3 4
‘e internal, ; - - . ‘ ° 3 ; . 35
Posterior :
Greatest heighth of crown, externally, . . . ° . 5
transverse diameter, = ° i
£ antero-posterior diameter, . ° r 4 : ° 8
Length of internal demicones, . ° : j : a 3

Inferior molars:
Antepenultimate :
Greatest heighth of crown, internally, . ~ ; = - - 375

i transverse diameter, . i ; ° 5 = - 5
gf antero-posterior diameter, : ‘ ; . : ‘ 6
Penultimate:

Greatest heighth of crown, . : : . ‘ : ; ; 4
es transverse diameter, , é ‘ ¢ : : F 5
£ antero-posterior diameter, é - ° . ; $ 6

Posterior :

Greatest heighth of crown, . e aceite : : - : 433
« transverse diameter, - - : : 2 4 : 5
w antero-posterior diameter, : : . ; : : 65

Breadth of lower jaw below penultimate molar, . : ‘ 1.05

Explanation of the Figures.

All the figures are of the size of nature.

Fig. 1. Represents an external view of the fragment of the upper jaw of the
right side, containing the posterior two molar teeth of Merycoidodon Culbert-
sonii.

Fig. 2. Superior view of the same fragment, as fig. 1.

Fig. 3. External view of the fragment of the lower jaw on the right side, con-
taining the posterior three molar teeth.

Fig. 4. Internal view of the same fragment as fig. 3.

Fig. 5. Superior view of the same fragment as fig. 3.

The Committee on two papers by Dr. Hallowell, entitled “ De-
scriptions of two new species of Onychocephalus,” and * Notes of the
post mortem appearances of a Cynocephalus papion,” reported in favor
of publication.*

An amendment to Article IX. Chapter 8, of the By-Laws, altering
one of the days of admission of the public from Saturday to Friday,
was adopted.

ee
*These papers will appear in the next number of the Proceedings.

1848.] 51

ELECTION.

Charles D. Meigs, M. D., of Philadelphia, was elected a Member,
and
Professor Eschricht, of Copenhagen,
Christian Gotfried Ehrenburg, of Berlin,
Prof. J. Frederick Schouw, of Copenhagen,
Col. J. C. Fremont, U.S. A.,
William L. Jones, M. D., of Riceboro, Georgia,
were elected Correspondents of the Academy.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM

In Marcu anp ApRIL, 1848.
March “th.

Two hundred specimens of American and Foreign Lepidoptera. From Dr.
Wilson.

Two crania of Vulpes fulvis, one of Strix nevia, one of Falco
of Pipelo erythropthalmus. From Dr. Wilson.

Cineras vittata, from the Baltic. From Dr. Griffith.

March 14th.

Several specimens of Copper Ore, from the Bristol Mines, Connecticut. From
Mr. T. Fisher. :

Specimen in skin of Petaurista taguanoides, from Fort Jackson, From Mr.
James Taylor.

Musci and Hepatic, from the Andes of Quito, collected by Mr. Wm. Jameson,
and presented by him through Seth Swainson, Esq., U. 8. Consul at Guayaquil.

The following extensive and valuable collections of Fossils were presented by
Dr. T. B. Wilson.

1. Mr. Conrad’s collection of American Fossils, containing about one thousand
species and three thousand specimens, and including the originals of Dr. Morton
from the cretaceous formation.

2. A general collection of British Fossils, from the Tertiary to the Lias in-
clusive, and also Fishes from the Old Red Sandstone, containing about two
thousand five hundred species, and eight thousand specimens. This collection
embraces a part of the selected specimens from the Cabinet of the late Miss
Benett, of England, all of which have not yet been received.

3. A collection of Ztalian Fossils, from the Tertiary of Piedmont, containing:
about six hundred species and two thousand specimens.

4. A collection of German Fossils from the Tertiary, Solenhofen Slate, Musch-
elkalk, Zechstein, Kupferscheifer, Lias and Silurian, comprising about five hun-
dred species and six hundred and fifty specimens.

, and one

March 21st.

Mounted Skeleton of Ursus Americanus, (young). From Mr. L. J. Germain.

Mounted Skeleton of Procyon lotor. From Mr. L. J. Germain and Dr.
Watson.

Skeleton of Cynocephalus papion, (young). From Dr. Watson.

Skeleton of Hapale cedipus ornatus. From Dr. Hallowell.

Fifteen Peruvian crania from Pisco, near Lima, and three Peruvian vases, col-
lected by Mr. William A. Foster, and deposited by Dr. Morton.

Specimen of Scarabzus tityus, from Cape May. From Dr. Townsend.

52 [ APRIL,

April 4th.

The second portion of the Rivoli collection of Birds, containing two thousand
five hundred and eighty-four specimens. Deposited by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Mounted Skeleton of Vulpes fulvis. From Mr. Ashmead.

Two fragments of the jaws of a new fossil genus of Mammalia, (Merycoidodon
Culbertsonii, Leidy,) found near the “ Black Hills,” Western Missouri. Deposited
by Mr. Joseph Culbertson.

Fifteen additional Peruvian crania from Pisco, and one Peruvian vase. De-
posited by Dr. Morton.

Original specimen of Picus Lecontei. Deposited by Dr. William L. Jones, of
Riceboro, Georgia.

April 18th.
Two hundred and seventy-eight specimens from the Crag, Chalk, Lias, and
Upper Silurian formations of England, and ten additional specimens from the
Benett collection. Deposited by Dr. Wilson.

DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY
In Marcu anp Aprit, 1848.

Fragmens d’histoire naturelle systématique et physiologique sur les Musair-
aignes: par G.L. Duvernoy. 4to. From Dr. Morton.

Organon der Weltgeschichte von Dr. J. H. Pulte. 8vo. From the Author.

Literary Record and Journal of the Linnean Association of Pennsylvania Col-
lege, Vol. 4. No.5. From the Association.

The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Nos. 4 and 5.
From the Editor.

Caloric, origin, matter and law of the Universe. By Trastour. From the
Author.

Metamorphosis et historia Naturalis.Insectorum. Auctore Joanne Goedartio.
2vols. 12mo. From Dr. Leidy.

Memoir on the reproduction of the Opossum. By Charles D. Meigs, M. D.
From the Author.

System der Urweltleichen Konchylien: Von Heinrich G. Brown. Folio.
From Dr. Griffith.

Dial of the Seasons, or a portraiture of Nature. By Thomas Fisher. 8vo.
From the Author.

The following were deposited by Dr. Wilson:

Nouveaux élemens de Botanique et de Physiologie végetale: par Achille
Richard. 4th edition. 8vo.

The Entomology of Australia. By George Robert Gray. 4to. Part 1. Genus
Phasma.

The natural history of many Zoophytes, collected by the late John Ellis, Bsq.,
and arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander, M.D. 4to.

Die in Bernstein befind lichen organischen reste der Vorwelt von Dr. George
G@arl Berendt. Part 1. Folio.

Fauna Caspio-Caueasia, nonnullis observationibus novis illustravit Edwardus
Eichwald. 4to.

Lectures on Physiology, Zoology, and the natural history of Man. By William
Laurence. 8vo.

Essai historique sur les Races.Anciennes et Modernes de |’Afrique Septentrio-
nale: par Pascall Duprat. 8vo.

An Introduction to the study of Natural History, in a series of Lectures,
delivered in New York by Professor Agassiz. 8vo.

Travels in North America, in the years 1841-2. By Charles Lyell, Esq.
F.R.S. 2 vols. 8vo.

Rapports du Physique et du Moral de l'Homme: par P. J. G. Cabanis. 2 vols.
8vo.

1848.] 53

Synopsis of the species of Insects belonging to the family of Phasmide. By
George Robert Gray. 8vo.

Philosophie Zoologique, &c., par J. B. P. A. Lamarck. 2 vols. 8vo.

The Natural History of Man. By James Cowles Prichard, M. D., F. R. S.
2d edition. 8vo.

Ethnographical Maps to the same work. By J.C. Prichard, M. D. Folio.

Researches into the physical history of Mankind. By J. C. Prichard, M. D.
5 vols. 8 vo.

Voyage a la Nouvelle Guinée: par M. Sonnerat. 4to.

Dissertation sur les variétés naturélles qui caractériscent la physionomie deg
Hommes des divers climats et des différens ages. Ouvrage posthume de M.
Pierre Camper. Traduit du Hollandois par H. J. Jansen. 4to.

A history of British forest trees, indigenous and introduced. By Prideaux
John Selby, F.L. 8. 8vo.

A catalogue of plants growing in the vicinity of Berwick upon Tweed. By
J. ¥. Thompson, Esq. 8vo. ;

Werner’s nomenclature of colors, with additions, &c. By Patrick Syme. 8vo.

A history of British Quadrupeds, including the Cetacea. By Thomas Bell,
F.R.S. 8vo.

Discours sur les Revolutions de la surface du Globe; par M. le Baron Cuvier.
8vo.

Les Peuples de le Russie: 2 vols. Folio.

Journal of researches made in Natural History during the voyage of the H.M.S.
Beagle. By Charles Darwin, F.R.S. 8vo.

Treatise on insects injurious to gardeuers, foresters, andfarmers. By Vincent
Keller. Translated from the German by J. and M. Loudon. 8vo.

Taxidermy: with the biography of Zoologists and notices of their works. By
William Swainson, F. R.S. 8vo.

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. 2d edition. 8vo.

The principles of Descriptive and Physiological Botany. By the Rev. J. S.
Henslow. 8vo.

Vegetable substances used for the food of Man. 12mo.

Manual of the Practical Naturalist. 12mo.

Memorials of John Ray ; edited by Edwin Lankester, M. D. 8vo.

The Anatomy of the Brain, with a general view of the Nervous System. By
J. G. Spurzheim, M.D. Translated from the French, by R. Willis. 8vo.

Animal and Vegetable Physiology considered with reference to Natural
Theology. By Peter Mark Roget, M. D. (Fifth Bridgewater Treatise,) 2 vols.
8vo.

The second, third, and fourth Bridgewater Treatise. By John Kidd, M. D.,
the Rev. Wm. Whewell, and Sir Charles Bell. In one Vol. 8vo.

The sixth Bridgewater Treatise. By the Rev. Wm. Buckland, D.D. In two
vols. 8vo.

The ninth Bridgewater Treatise. By Charles Babbage, Esq. 8vo.

An introduction to Entomology. By Wm. Kirby and Wm. Spence. 4th edition.
4 vols. 8vo. .

Southern Ichthyology; ora description of the Fishes of South Carolina,
Georgia and Florida. By John Edwards Holbrook, M.D. No.2. 4to.

A monograph on recent and fossil Crinoidea. By Thomas Austin, Esq., and
T. Austin, Jr. 4to. Nos. 1—6.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. 4to. Parts 8
and 10.

Illustrations of Indian Ornithology. By T.C.Jerdon, Esq. Parts 1, 2, and 3.
4to.

Noveau manuel de Botanique ; par MM. Girardin et Jules Juillet. 12mo.

The Cabinet Cyclopdie : conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner. Fishes,
Amphibia, and Reptiles, 2 vols.; Animals in Menageries, 1 vol.; Classification of
Quadrupeds, 1 vol.; Geography and Classification of Animals, 1 vol.; Study of
Natural History, 1 vol.; Habits and Instincts of Animals, 1 vol.; Malacology, 1
vol.; History and Natural arrangement of Insects, 1 vol.

54 [ April,

Comptes Rendus. Tomes 24 and 25. 1847.
tevue Zoologique. No. 11. 1847.

Oken’s Isis for 1845, and No. 10 for 1847.

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday No. 15. 4to.

Phycologia Britannica. By William Henry Harvey, M. D. Parts 1---25. 8vo.

Voyage de la Coquille. Botanique, Atlas folio. Hydrographie, 1 vol. Folio.

Perfecta Germania; von August Goldfuss.

Geology introductory, descriptive, and practical. By David Thomas Anstead,
F.R. 8. 2 vols. 8vo.

A history of British Zoophytes. By George Johnson, M. D. Vols. 1 and 2.
5vo.

The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 1. 2d series. No. 1.

A history of British Crustacea. By Thomas Bell, F. L. 8. Parts i—6. &vo.

United States Exploring Expedition; Zoophytes, by James D. Dana. 4to.,
Ethnography and Philology, by Horatio Dale, 4to.

An introduction to the Comparative Anatomy of Animals, by C. G. Carus.
M. D.: translated from the German by R. T. Gore. 2 vols. 8vo. Atlas 4to.

Geology of the Voyage of the H. M. 8. Beagle. By Charles Darwin. 8vo.

On the alternations of generation: by Steenstrup.

March 21st.

Identities of Light and Heat, of Caloric and Electricity. By C. Campbell!
Cooper. 8vo. From the Author.

American Journal of Science and Arts. No. 11. 2d series. From the Editor.

Littell’s Living Age. No. 201. March 18th, 1848. From R. H. Dana, Jr.

April 4th.

A description of the character and habits of Troglodytes gorilla, by Thomas §.
Savage, M. D., and of the Osteology,of the same, by Jeffries Wyman, M. D. 4to.
From Dr. Wyman. P

Literary record and Journal of the Linnean Association of Pennsylvania Col-
lege. Vol. 4. No. 6. From the Association.

Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 4. Nos. 38 and 39.
From the Society.

Descriptions of plants collected in the Rocky Mountains and California by Mr.
Wm. Gambel. By Thomas Nuttall. From Mr. Gambel.

Spicilegium Entomographie Rossice. Auctore G. Fischer de Waldheim. §vo.
From the Author.

Oryctographie du Gouvernement de Moscou par G. Fischer de Waldeheim.
Folio. From the same.

Notice sur quelques Sauriens fossiles du Gouvernement de Moscou; par G.
Fischer de Waldheim. 4to. From the same.

Entomographie de la Russie, par G. F. Waldheim. Vol. 4. (Orthopteres
de la Russie.) 4to. From the same.

Bulletin de la Société Impérialé des Naturalistes de Moscou. Nos. 1, 2, 3.
1846. No. 3, 1845. From the Society.

De 1’Encéphale ou Cerveau en général et en particulier: par Chaussier. 8vo.
‘Deposited by Dr. Griffith.

Memoir de Geo-zoologie sur les Oursins fossiles des environs de Dax: par M.
Grateloup- From the same.

Tabula affinitatum animalium, &c.; Auctore Johanne Heerman. 4to. From
‘the same.

A collection of Dresses, ancient and modern, after the designs of Holbein,
Vandyke, &c. 2 vols. Folio. From the same.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following works :—

Recherches sur les Ossemens fossiles ; par Georges Cuvier. 4th edition. 10
vols. 8vo. Atlas, 2 vols. 4to.

Illustrations of Ornithology. By Sir Wm. Jardine, and Prideaux John Selby,
New series. l vol. 4to.

1848.] 5b

Exotic Conchology. By Wm. Swainson, F. R.S. Second edition. 4to.
The Conchologist’s Nomenclator. By Agnes Catlow, and Lovell Reeve. 8vo.
Catalogue raisonne de Coquilles, &. 12mo.

A history of British Mollusca and their shells. By Prof. Edward Forbes, and
Sylvanus Hanley. Partl. 4to.

Lamarck’s genera of Shells; translated from the French by J. G. Children.
8vo.

The Conchological Illustrations. By G. B. Sowerby, Jun. 8vo.

An illustrated and descriptive catalogue of recent shells. By Sylvanus Hanley,
F. R. S.; the plates forming a third edition of the Index Testaceologicus by
Wm. Wood. Text, parts 1 and 2; Plates, parts 1 and 2.

The Linnean System of Conchology. By John Mawe. 8vo.

A Conchological Manual. By George B. Sowerby, Jun. Third edition. 8vo.

A Manual of the land and fresh-water shells of the British Islands. By Wm.
Turton, M.D. New edition by Jno. Edward Gray. 12mo.

A Conchological Dictionary of the British Islands. By Wm, Turton, M. D.
12mo.

British Fauna. By Wm. Turton, M.D. 12mo.

The Conchologist’s Text Book. By Capt. Thomas Brown. Fifth edition.
12mo.

Conchylia Insularum Britannicarum. By Wm. Turton, M.D. 4to.

Nouveau manuel complet du Naturaliste préparatuer, par M. Boitard. 12mo.

Conchologiaiconica: Monographs of twenty-nine Genera of Shells. By Lovell!
Reeve. 4to.

Species Conchyliorum. Vol. 1. Partl. 4to.

A catalogue of the Shells in the collection of the late Earl of Tankerville, with
an Appendix by G. B. Sowerby. 4to.

Illustrations Conchyliologiques, ou descriptiones et figures de toutes les co-
quilles commes vivantes et fossiles; par M. Chenu. 76 Liv. Folio.

Legons élementaries @’historie naturelle par M. J. C. Chenu. 8vo.

Testacea fluviatilia que in itenere per Braziliam an. 1817-20 collegit et
pinguenda curavit Dr. J. B. de Spix. 4to.

Choix de Coquillages et de Crustacés par Francois Michel Regenfuss. Folio.

Thesaurus Conchyliorum: or Monographs of Genera of Shells: edited by G.
B. Sowerby, Jun. 2vols. 4to.

The Zoology of the Voyage of the Sulphur. Vol. 2. 4to. Mollusca, by R. B.
\linds, Esq.

Genera of recent and fossil shells. By George B. Sowerby, Jun. 2 vols. 8vo.

April 11th.

De Lalande’s Catalogue of Stars. 8vo. From the British Association.

LaCaille’s Catalogue of Stars. 8vo. From the same.

Geological Report of Iowa, Wisconsin and Illinois, in 1839. By David Dale
Owen, M.D. From the Hon. G. M. Dallas.

English Botany. By James Edward Smith. 14 vols. 8vo. Deposited by
Dr. Griffith. .

The Botanical Magazine. By William Curtis. 13th, 14th, and 15th vols.
8vo. From the same.

Journal of an Expedition to explore the course and termination of the Niger.
By Richard and John Lander. 2 vols. 12mo. From the same.

Recherches sur le systéme nerveux et sur celui du cerveau: par F, J. Gall et
G. Spurzheim. 4to. From the same.

Descriptive Catalogue of the Anatomical Museum of the Boston Society for
medical improvement. By J. B.S. Jackson, M. D. From the Author.

Corrections and additions to his paper on the Longicornia of the United States.
By S. 8. Haldeman. From the Author.

56 [ April.

April 18th.

Memoirs of the life of Dr. Thomas Beddows. By John Edmonds Stock, M. D.

4to. Deposited by Dr. Griffith.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following :—

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. G. Hussey. Part xi. 4to.

Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. By Andrew Smith, M.D. No. 26.
4to.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Second series. Vol. 1. No. 2.

Phycologia Britannica. By William Henry Harvey, M. D. Part 26.

A history of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and Sylva-
nus Hanley. Part 2.

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. Part 16. 4to.

The Genera of Birds. By George Robert Gray. Part 43. 4to.

Voyage en Abyssinie: par MM. Ferrett et Galinier. Texte, livs. 1--4. Plan-
ches. 1—4. Folio.

Memoir on the naturalization of the Alpaca. By William Walton. 8vo.

Notice of Zamia gigas. By James Yates, Esq. 8vo.

A familiar history of Birds. By the Rev. Edward Stanley, F. LS. 2 vols.
12mo.

Manual of British Botany. By Charles Cardale Babington, F. L. S. Second
edition. 8vo.

Essays on Natural History, chiefly Ornithology. By Charles Waterton, Hsq.
Second edition, first and second series. 2 vols. 12mo.

The Natural History of Birds. By Robert Mudie. 12mo.

Woodarch’s introduction to the study of Conchology. By J. Mawe. Fourth
edition. 8vo.

A manual of the British Algez. By William Henry Harvey, M. D. 8vo.

Narrative of a Survey of the intertropical and western coasts of Australia in
1818-’22. By Capt. Philip P. King. 2 vols. 8vo.

Contribution towards a history of Swansea. By Lewis W. Dilwyn. 8vo.

Obsevrations on Natural History. By the Rev. Leonard Jenyns, F. L. S. 8vo.

Voyage dans l’Afrique Australe dans les an. 1838—1844. Par M. Adolphe
Delegorgue. 2 vols. 8vo.

Bibliotheque Conchyliologique Chenu. Ire serie, tomes 1—4; 2me serie, tome
1. 8vo.

Souvenirs d’un voyage dans ]’Inde de 1834 a 1839. Par M. Adolphe Delessert.
8vo.

A voyage around the World, particularly to the N. W. coast of America, in
1785—’88. By Capt. Nathaniel Portlock. 4to.

Receuil de Coquilles dé par Lamarck, publié par M. Benjamin Delessert.
Folio.

1848.] 57

May 2d, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Hon. George Bancroft, dated U. S.
Legation, London, 14th April, 1848, stating that he had received
from the Hon. East India Co. a proposal to present to the Academy a
series of casts of India Fossils in the Company’s possession, and request-
ing instructions on the subject.

Dr. Dickeson communicated a paper for publication in the Journal,
entitled ‘* Microscopic examination of the development of the fetus of
the Succinia amphibia,? which was referred to Drs. Griffith, Hallowell,
and C. D. Meigs as a Committee.

Dr. Morton a the following communication from R. W. Gibbes,

M. D., of Charleston, 8S. C.

Tn June, 1845, I submitted to the Academy, an account of a non-descript fos-
sil from the Eocene of South Carolina. I expressed the opinion that it was
generically different from any previously published specimens, and called it
Dorwunon serratus. Casts of the teeth were forwarded to Pror. Owen, by my
friend Dr. S. G. Morton. In the “ Proceedings ”? of the Academy of Feb. 1846,
a notice appeared that a letter had been received from Prof. Owen, of London,
dated November 11th, 1845, in reference to the fossil genus Dorwdon. He con.
sidered it to be the same as his genus Zeuglodon (BasrLosaurus, Harlan,) to which
also he referred the very extensive series of bones collected by Dr. Koch, in
Alabama, then on exhibition in London.

Prof. Owen’s letter was kindly forwarded to me by Dr. Morton, who wrote
me that he considered Prof. Owen’s authority as decisive, and that I must yield
my genus, requesting me at the same time to prepare for the Academy’s Journal,
then about to be resumed, a paper on the present knowledge of ZEuctopon. In
deference to such high authority, I yielded the genus, though in my reply I ex-
pressed the opinion that I still thought the character different. In my paper
published in the first number of the Journal, I described Dorwdon as a second
species of Zewglodon, giving Prof. Owen’s letter, and stating the characters upon
whicn I had made its generic distinction, expressing the opinion that what I had
considered a very important character, “should not be set aside.”

On a visit to Charleston, in December last by Prof. Agassiz, I took the op-
portunity of submitting the specimens (some of which he had not seen) again to
his critical inspection, and the result was that he adopts all the characters upon
which I had based the genus, and upon his authority I respectfully reclaim the
genus Dorupon.

The following letter he kindly sent me in relation to the specimens, as well
as to his discovery among my fossils of a new genus, which he names
SAUROCETUs.”’*

* See the letter referred to, at page 4, No. 1, Vol. 4 of these Proceedings.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA.—VOL. IV. NO. III. 9

58 |May,

May 9th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

Dr. Pickering called the attention of the Soeiety to the fact that in
all the estimates relating to the length of the year, no reference had
been made to the time taken for light to reach us from the sun, about
eight minutes and a half. He supposed that if that estimate was
taken into the calculations, a slight difference would be found in the
results.

Dr. Bridges remarked that the same estimate was taken at the com-
mencement of the calculation as at the end—that the relative position
of the sun to the earth was the same at both times; and he asked if
the consequence was not, that the length of time between each posi-
tion so estimated would be precisely the same as if the allowance
spoken of by Dr. Pickering was made ?

The effect of making such allowance would only be to add eight
minutes and a half to each end, which would, of course, leave the
difference between such ends the same as before.

Dr. Meigs offered some remarks on the mode of copulation in the
Opossum, which he felt satisfied was performed more canino, as ob-~
served by Dr. Ellerslie Wallace of this city ; and that the statements
contained in a recent communication to the Academy on this subject,
by Drs. Bachman and Michel, that the connection took place in a
lateral position, were erroneous.

May 16th, 1848.
Dr. Brivazgs in the Chair.

Dr. Gambel presented and read a communication from Major McCall,
entitled ‘“‘ Some Notes on Mexican Birds heretofore not fully described ;”
which was referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Gambel, Mr.
Harris, and Dr. Wilson.

May 23d, 1848.
Mr. Vavx in the Chair.

Dr. Bridges presented a paper by T. A. Conrad, being “ Additions ”
to his “ Observations on the Eocene formation and descriptions of one
hundred and five new fossils of that period, from the vicinity of
Vicksburg, Mississippi, with an appendix,” read on the 12th October.
184.7, intended to be embodied with that communication, and for pub-
lication in the Journal.

Referred to the former Committee, Dr. Griffith being substituted for
Dr. Leidy, absent.

=

1848.] 59

May 30th, 1848.
Vice President Morron in the Chair.

(The following papers were reported for publication in the last No.
but unavoidably deferred.)

Description of two new species of Onychocephalus, from the Western Coast of
Africa.

By Epwarp Hatiowett, M. D.

OnycuocrrHaLus, Dumeril and Bibron.

Generve Characters.—Head provided with plates: depressed, terminating in
front in a thin or cutting edge. Rostral plate folded under the snout, and expand-
ing as a disk upon the head of variable form. An anterior frontal, a frontal pro-
perly called, a pair of supra-oculars, a pair of parietals, an inter-parietal, a pair
of nasals, a pair of fronto-nasals, a pair of preoeulars, a pair of oculars. Nostrils
hemidiscoidal, opening inferiorly between the nasal and the fronto-nasal. Eyes
lateral, distinct.

Onychocephalus Liberiensis. (See Plate, fig, 1 and 2.)

Specific Characters.—Length of tail equal to transverse diameter of head taken
at its middle; tail incurvated, conical, terminating ina spine; the upper portion
of the rostral plate very convex, quadrilateral, its cutting edge slightly arched, not
extending across the snout; colour above blackish variegated with yellow; under
surface yellow, with black spots upon the sides.

Desertption.—Head rather small, wedge shaped above, rounded anteriorly ; the
rostral plate is large, convex superiorly, presenting four sides at its upper sur-
face ; of these the posterior is rounded where it lies in contact with the anterior
frontal; the lateral margins are slightly curved, and are in contact with the
fronto nasal; the anterior margin forms a projecting convex edge where it is
continuous with the under surface of the rostral which is four-sided; the lateral
margins of this under portion of the rostral are concave, so as to receive the nasal
plates which lie along their exterior border; the inferior margin is the most nar-
row, its middle portion (about one-third of it) projecting backward, and forming
part of the margin of the upper lip; the nasal plate is long and narrow, broadest
near the middle, being somewhat triangular in shape, the apex presenting forward ;
the nostrils are elongated narrow slits, looking outward and backward, and are
placed in the fronto-nasal suture, formed by the juxtaposition of the nasal and
fronto-nasal plates; the fronto-nasal are narrow and oblong, much broader below;
anteriorly they lie in contact with the rostral, presenting a slightly undulating
line at their junction; the posterior margin is deeply incurvated except toward
its superior extremity; it lies in contact with the preocular which is received
into the hollow formed by its posterior margin; the preocular has the form of an
oval disk with a superior and inferior extremity, which are pointed; the ocular
plate, which is immediately behind it, is very Jarge; its posterior margin is con-

60 [ May,

vex, the anterior concave; the eye is placed in the angle formed by the junction
of the preocular, and the supraocular; the latter is a narrow, oblong plate, with
a rounded posterior margin; the anterior frontal is a large plate immediately in
contact with the rostral, measuring two lines in its transverse direction in the
specimen examined; its posterior margin is rounded; the frontal is a very small
plate compared with the anterior frontal, also with a rounded posterior margin :
it is in contact in front with the anterior frontal, and with the preocular; im-
mediately behind it is the inter-parietal which is less extended in the tranverse
direction than the frontal, and its posterior border is much less convex than that of
the former plate, and of the scale behind it; the inter-parietal are placed imme-
diately behind the supraocular and the posterior frontal, and are in contact at their
interna! margin with the frontal, and externally with the ocular; the supra-labials,
four narrow, elongated plates, margin each side of the upper lip; that nearest
the angle of the mouth is the longest; the eyes are small, but distinct, placed
upon the side of the head near the superior extremity of the preocular; scales upon
the chin, neck and throat small, increasing in size upon the body and tail, where
they are of nearly uniform size ; these scales are rounded posteriorly, more ex-
tended transversely than in length. There are 28 longitudinal and 369 transverse
rows upon the body, and 11 rows upon the tail.

Coloration.—Above brownish, approaching to black, clouded with yellow;
under surface yellow for the most part, presenting a few spots of black, chiefly
upon the sides.

Dimensions.—Entire length 2 feet 4 lines: length of head 5 lines; greatest
breadth 4 lines; length of tail 5 lines; greatest circumference of body 2 inches,
9 lines. ;

Habitat.—Liberia, Western Coast of Africa. A specimen in the Museum of
the Academy.

Habits.—Dr. Savage informs me that this animal inhabits the domicils of the
‘‘ white ant?’ (Termes bellicosus of Smeathman,) which probably constitutes its
food, and hence has received the name of Nyonkd-re-teat, literally the white ant
snake. (See Proceed. for April, 1848, p. 37.) Its tenacity of life is very re-
markable.

Onychocephalus nigro-lineatus, (See Plate, fig. 3.)

Specific Characters.—Tail short, of same length as head measured transversely;
rostral plate four-sided, longer than broad, rounded posteriorly, the sides slightly
convex; nostrils in the fronto-nasal suture; body cylindrical, slender, presenting
numerous lines of black upon a ground of silvery grey.

Description.—Head small, depressed, convex in front, rostral plate more ex-
tended in the longitudinal direction than transversely, its sides slightly convex,
rounded posteriorly ; the under part of the rostral is urceolate in form, having a
small projection at its posterior extremity; it is somewhat excavated laterally,
passing backward between the nasal plates; it presents a well defined edge, at
the line of demarcation between its superior portion, extending across it; the
nasal are narrow, oblong plates, placed between the fronto-nasal, and the rostral
at its inferior part, in contact above with the fronto-nasal; the fronto-nasal are
situated above between the rostral and the preocular; they are much more nar-
row superiorly than at their inferior portion, where they are in contact with

1848.] : 61

the nasal; the nostri], the greater part of which is in the fronto-nasal, occu-
pies the fronto-nasal suture; the anterior frontal is a well defined plate lying
immediately posterior to the rostral, and in contact also in front with the
fronto-nasal plates, this portion being excavated to receive the corresponding por-
tion of the latter; it is convex upon its posterior border, where it is in con-
tact with the posterior frontal and the supraocular, the latter being exterior to
it, and also to the fronto-nasal; the preocular is triangular in form, its widest
part being downward, lying in front of the ocular and in contact with the supra-
ecular; the eye, which is smal], but distinct, is placed in the angle formed by
those two plates; the ocular is large, convex upon its posterior border; it is
in contact above where it forms an acute angle, with the inter-parietal superiorly
with the supra-ocular, anteriorly with the preocular, and inferiorly with the
superior labials; the frontal is much smaller than the anterior frontal; it has
immediately behind it the inter-parietal, and upon the external aspect of its pos-
terior border the parietal; the inter-parietal is a small plate resembling the frontal
in form, but smalier; the parietals are more extended in the transverse direction
than longitudinally ; in front they touch the ocular and supraocular. latero-exter-
nally the frontal, and posteriorly the inter-parietal; four smal] quadrangular plates
margin the upper lip on each side; the eyes are Jatero-superior placed as above
mentioned; the body is slender, of nearly uniform size, somewhat thicker near the
middle, covered with scales which are broader than they are long, presenting a
rounder margin posteriorly, somewhat smaller near the head than upon other
parts of the body; of these scales there are 29 Jongitudinal, and 344 transverse
rows; there are 16 rows upon the tail; the tail terminates in a pointed spine.

Coloration.—(From a specimen in spirits.) The entire under surface of the
animal is yellow, without spots: the back presents 10 narrow black lines, ex-
tending from the head to the extremity of the tail; of these the two exterior are
less distinct than the rest; the three central ones become broader toward the tail;
the intervening portion is white or silver grey.

Dimensions.-—Length of head 2 lines; greatest breadth transversely 2} lines;
length of tail 2 lines; length of body 8 inches 2 lines, (Fr.;) greatest circumfer-
ence 7 lines.

Hubitat.—Liberia, West Coast of Africa. Specimen in the Museum of the
Academy.

General Observations. —The reptiles above described, belong to the first section
of the Ophidians, described by Dumeril and Bibron; viz., the Scolecophidians,*
or vermiform non-venomous serpents. There can be no doubt, we think, that
they are new. But three species of the genus Onychocephalus are described by
them in their “‘Erpétologie générale, ou Histoire Naturelle complete des reptiles,”
which contains descriptions of all the species of reptiles known; they are the
Onychocephalus Delalandii, multilineatus,and unilineatus. The first is figured in
the work of Dr. Andrew Smith, upon the Zoology of Southern Africa, and does
not bear the least resemblance to either of them, differing from both in size and in
the relative proportions of the head and tail, and in its coloration, being of an uni-
form brown color, both upon its upper and under surface. In multilineatus, the tail
is double in length the breadth of the head, and the body presents a series of white
lines upon a ground of silvery grey. In unilineatus, a single black line passes
along the median line of the back, which is of an olive-brown color.

* From 2xarxs, ex0s, vermis, lumbricus, et opis, serpens.

62 [May,

a

Notes of the post mortem appearances of a Cynocephalus Papion, which died at
the Menagerie in Philadelphia.

By Epwarp Hatiowe tt, M.D.

The animal is young, measuring about fourteen inches in length.

Head.—Brain not examined.

Thorax.—The upper lobes of the right lung are firmly adherent to the pleura ;
the whole of this portion of the lung is infiltrated with tubercular matter, firm to
the touch, and having a white caseiform appearance: the entire mass measures
three inches in length, by two in breadth, French measure ; the lowest lobe of this
lung is of abrick-dust red colour; presenting numerous tubercles immediately
beneath the pleura, varying in size from that of a grain of sand to two lines and
a half; the two lobes of the opposite lung are slightly adherent, and studded with
tubercles, the largest of which measures five lines, in its greatest extent; the gene-
ral colour of this lung is reddish-brown. The tubercular infiltration above men-
tioned occupies the whole of the upper lobes of the right lung which have a uni-
formly dull white colour throughout, and are resisting to the touch; the lowest
lobe is partially hepatized, containing a number of tubercles, most of which are
observed immediately beneath the pleura; the base of the right lung is partially
adherent to the diaphragm. There are two distinct lobes to the left lting, the
upper presenting a slight fissure upon its anterior border; the tissue of both is im-
perfectly crepitant, containing numerous tubercles denosited near the surface of
the lung beneath the pleura; the largest of these measures four lines in diameter;
the lining membrane of the cesophagus is pale, having a slight rosy tint and
appears healthy ; the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi is pale; the
bronchial glands are tuberculous, but not remarkably enlarged. Heart—The
two surfaces of the pericardium are adherent throughout, their separation
requiring some effort; the external surface of the heart is covered in nearly
its whole extent with a thin layer of false membrane of a slightly yellow colour,
giving it an appearance of roughness; the general colour of the pericardium is
pale with a tinge of redness; upon the surface of the heart, imbedded in its
tissue, immediately beneath the pericardium are several small tubercles, having
the same aspect as those of similar dimensions found in other organs; the ven-
tricles are empty containing no coaguia.

Abdomen.—The liver is divided into four lobes, one of which presents two
small subdivisions, it is of a brownish red colour; about a dozen scattered
tubercles, the largest having the size of millet seed are observed in its subperi-
toneal tissue; it measures four inches transversely, by two inches four lines in
its longitudinal diameter, and fourteen lines in depth; its tissue when cut into
presents nothing remarkable ; the gall-bladder is moderately distended with bile
of a brown colour and almost fluid consistence. Spleex.—The spleen measures
two inches en lines in length and fifteen lines in its greatest breadth; it pre-
sents upon its convex surface numerous elevations, caused by the deposition
of tuberculous matter within its tissue, giving ita highly bosselated appear-
ance, resembling in some degree the cancerous deposits observed in the human
liver; the largest of these measures seven lines in diameter, and is elevated
about three lines above the surface of the spleen; the tuberculous deposite
resembles in colour that of the Jung, and appears to be composed of numerous

eee i et ee ee ee

———— =O

1848.] 63

agglomerated granules; ten of these large masses may be counted upon its sur-
face; the general colour of the spleen is brownish-red. The stomach measures
three and a half inches transversely, by two inches four lines in its small diameter,
when moderately distended; the fibres of its muscular coat are seen very distinctly
through the peritoneum ; it is quite pale externally, and no tubercular deposites
are observed upon it; it contains a large quantity of pultaceous matter resem-
bling thin gruel mingled with portions of a bright yellow colour; the mucous
membrane is pale, presenting, however, a slate coloured tinge, which is most
marked at its pyloric portion, where it is much softened; the mucous fol-
licles are not apparent. The /arge intestine contains a considerable quantity
of fecal matter, of a bright orange colour throughout; the lining membrane is pale;
the small intestine measures seven feet, eight and a half inches in length; the
large intestine measures ten feet, three and a half inches in extent, exclusive of
the cecum, which is two and a half inches in length: there is no appendicula
vermiformis: the mucous membrane of the large intestine is much corrugated,
but pale and apparently healthy. The mucous follicles are quite distinct when
the intestine is held up to the light; there are no valvule conniventes in the
smal! intestine, nor are any glands of Peyer to be seen; the solitary glands
of the small intestine also, are not apparent; the mucous lining of the small in-
testine is quite pale throughout, and no tubercles or ulcerations are observed in
any part of it, or of the large intestine; it contains a quantity of brownish looking
matter. The general appearance of the large intestine, viewed externally, is pale,
with a slight rosy tint, in portions mingled with yellow, the latter colour being
that of its contents; no tubercles are observed in the subperitoneal tissue of
either the small or large intestine; several of the mesenteric glands are enlarged,
the largest being six lines in length, by five in breadth. The didneys, when cut
into, present nothing remarkable; no tubercles are observed upon their surface ;
the pancreas isa slender organ, measuring four inches (Fr.) transversely, by half
an inch in breadth, of a brownish colour, throughout presenting no tubercles;
bladder pale.

The Committee on the following communication by Major McCall,
reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Some Notes on Mexican Birds, heretofore not fully described.
By Grorcre A. McCatt, U.S. A.
OrPHEUS curvirostris,* Swainson.

Length 10 inches, 5 lines. The bill is curved and rounded on the ridge, the
upper mandible slightly projecting; measured on the ridge it is 1 in. 21.3 the
commissure 1 in. 5 |., its colour dusky. Ivides bright carmine, of conspicuous
lustre; indeed, the eye is a striking feature of this bird. Tarsus rather robust,
and 1 in. 51]. in length; middle toe and nail 1 in. 31.

General colour above, light hair-brown, fading to an ash-colour about the head,
while towards the tail it deepens to chesnut. The feathers of the back are
loose-webbed; and al]l the feathers at base are slate-colour. Chin, throat, breast
belly and vent, whitish; the breast obscurely mottled with light brown. Pri-

*Called by Mexican peasants ‘ Ouitacoche.”’

64 (June,

maries dusky, edged with white on the outer vanes; greater and lesser wing
coverts hair-brown, also slightly tipped with whitish. Lower tail-coverts hair-
brown, broadly edged and tipped with whitish. Tail of twelve feathers, chesnut;
the two middle ones loose-webbed, the three exterior tipped with white.

There is little difference between the sexes; the female is perhaps a trifle less
in size, and its genera) marking are more obscure.

O. curvirostris is rather common about Matamoras, (Mexico.) The song of
the male is a clear warble, not unlike the native notes of the mocking bird, but
he has neither the imitative powers nor the volume of voice of the latter. On
the Rio Grande this bird nested in the hedge rows near the farm houses, and was
constantly seen perched upon their roofs, singing with much volubility and all
the familiarity of the house-wren.

Corumpa leucoptera, Linn.

C. Trudeauii, or Texan Turtle Dove, Audubon.

This very graceful bird—one specimen of which only Audubon mentions as
having been received or seen by him—was exceedingly abundant at Matamoras,
in May and June, (1846,) large flocks daily feeding in our camp, and with re-
markable confidence approaching quite near the tents. But although common in
Mexico, I have some doubts as to the propriety of its being denominated a Texan
Dove ; for I never saw it in Eastern Texas, neither did I while on an extensive
hunting excursion, which embraced the country along the Neuces River for
seventy miles above Corpus Christi, see a single individual of this species,
although game of every description was most abundant. Nor did I see ene on
the whole route from the Neuces to the Rio Grande, until we crossed the latter
river inzto Mexico. Mr. Audubon’s specimen was, therefore, possibly but a
straggler from the neighboring Republic.

About the last of June they disappeared from the vicinity of Matamoras, and
passed probably to the interior. In January following I shot a few stragglers,
on small streams, near the Sierra Madre.

For the table, this bird is far superior to C. Carolinensis, the breast being
larger and fuller, and the meat of quite a delicate flavor. And in its style of
flight it resembles C. 4inas more thanC. Carolinensis.

The female differs but little from the male, except that the metallic reflections
on the neck, &c. &c. are less vivid

The Committee to whom was referred Mr. Conrad’s “ Additional
descriptions of Tertiary fossils of the United States,” reported in favor
of publication in the Journal.

ELECTION.

Edward Roberts, Esq., of Philadelphia, was elected a Member, and
Frederick Tiedmann, M. D., of Heidelburg, a Correspondent of the
Academy.

el eg ere

a

1848.] 65

June 6th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

Letters were read from Prof. J: Sturm, of Nuremburg, dated March
25, 1848, and from Dr. Wm. L. Jones, of Georgia, dated 29th May,
1848, severally acknowledging the receipt of their notices of election
as Correspondents.

A letter was read from A. H. Bowman, Esq., dated Fort Johnson,
South Carolina, in relation to exchanges with the Academy of coast
shells from that vicinity.

A communication was read from Dr. R. W. Gibbes, of Columbia,
S. C., entitled “ Monograph of the Fossil Squalide of the United
States,” and intended for publication in the Journal. Referred to a
Committee, consisting of Drs. Gambel and Morton, and Mr. Conrad.

June 20th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

Mr. Cassin read a paper, describing new species of the genera Vidua,
Euplectus, Pyrenestes and Pitylus. Referred to Dr. Gambel, Dr.
Townsend and Mr. Harris.

Mr. Cassin also read a communication on the probable identity of
Pica Nuttallii with the P. Hudsonica. Referred to the same Com-
mittee.

On leave granted, a report from the Committee on Dr. R. W. Gibbes’
paper, on the Fossil Squalide of the United States, was read and
adopted, recommending the same for publication in the next No. of
the Journal.

A circular was read from the “Society for the development of the
Mineral resources of the United States,” announcing its recent forma-
tion in Philadelphia, and stating its objects, and requesting the co-
operation of the Academy in the same.

June 27th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.
The Committee on the following paper by Mr. Cassin, reported in
favor of publication.

Descriptions of new species of Birds of the genera Vidua, Briss. ; Euplectus, Sw. ;
Pyrenestes, Sw.; and Pitylus, Cuv.; specimens of which are in the collection
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

By Joun Cassin.
Vinva albonotata, nobis.

Shoulders yellow.

Primaries white at their bases, and for about one-third of their leagth.

Greater wing coverts also tipped with white, which, with that portion of the
primaries of the same colour, forms a conspicuous white spot on the wing.

”

66 [ June,

Lesser wing coverts tipped with brown.

AlJl other parts of the plumage glossy black.

Bill light blue, at the edges of the mandibles pearly white.

Total length (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail about 64 in., wing 3, tail
3 3-10th inches.

Hab. Port Natal, Eastern Africa.

This bird belongs to that group of species which appears to form the genus
Coliuspasser, Riippel. From either of those species (V. flavoptera, Viell. 5
V. macrocerea, Licht.; V. axillaris, A. Smith and others,) it may readily be dis-
tiguished by the white spot on the wing, and the pearly character of the
bill.

Three specimens of this interesting species are included in the many valuable
acquisitions of the Academy made through the judicious exertions of Mr. Edward
Wilson, who secured them in Paris.

Vinua concolor, nobis.

Plumage entirely black.

Bill strong, conical.

General form and appearance of Vidua payanensis, Gm., (V. rubritorques,
Swainson,) but the bill is larger, and the tail and wing feathers are broader,
with no vestige whatever of the red collar which characterizes that species.

Total length (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail about 12 inches, wing
2 8-10; tail 8+ inches.

Hab. Africa.

Of this species one specimen only is in the Rivoli collection, without label.
It is closely allied to the Vidua rubritorques, Swainson, but has the bill larger
than either of ten specimens of the latter which I have examined. The entire
absence of the red collar is, however, the most striking comparative cha-
racter.

EvrLectres nigroventris, nobis.

Entire upper parts of the plumage bright scarlet, except the wings and tail,
which are hair-brown, with paler margins.

Cheeks and entire under parts (from the base of the bill) deep black, except
the thighs and under tail coverts, which are pale reddish-white. ;

Hab. Zanzibar.

Total length, from tip of bill to end of tail, about 4} inches, wing 2 3-10ths,
tail 14 inches.

This species, one specimen of which from the Rivoli collection is now
described, is more nearly related to Euplectes flammiceps, Swainson, than to
any other species known to me. From that species, as well as from all others
of this genus, in which the bright scarlet plumage predominates, it may easily
be distinguished by the uniform deep black of the entire under surface of the
body. The inferior tail coverts and thighs are pale reddish white in the speci-
men now described, but I suspect that in the more adult bird, they become
scarlet, and also that the wings and tail become darker.

ee

Gude

1848. ] ay

PYRENESTES coccineuws, nobis.

Head, neck, rump, upper tail coverts and flanks, glossy crimson.

Upper surface of the tail of the same colour, but not so glossy.

All other parts of the plumage, brown, some feathers of the back and a few
of the wing coverts margined with red.

Hab. Western Africa.

Total length from tip of bill to end of tail about 4 4-10ths inches, wing
2 3-10ths, tail 1 9-10ths inches.

Very similar in colour to Pyrenestes ostrinus, (Viell.) but is much smaller and
less robustly organized. The bill especially is comparatively weak.

In the species now described the crimson does not extend to the breast as in
P. ostrinus.

The measurements of the tw» species are as follows ;

P. ostrinus, (Viell.) P. coccineus, Cassin.

Total length (of skin) from tip

of bill to end of tail about 5 6-10ths inches. . 4 4-16ths inches.
Length of wing from flexure

to tip of longest primary 28-10ths “ : 23-10ths <“
Length of tail : 3 z 24-10ths “© i 19-10ths «
Length of bill from gape : 7-10ths. : 5-10ths
Breadth of under mandible. 7-10ths “ ~ 5-10ths

The dimensions of the specimen of P, ostrinus here given, agree almost
exactly with those given by Mr. Swainson in birds of Western Africa,
(Vol. I. p. 158) and also with Viellot’s plate Ois. Chant, pl. 48,

For a fine specimen of the rare Pyrenestes ostrinus, (Viell.) the only specimen
in the collection of the Academy, we are again indebted to Mr. Edw. Wilson,
who obtained it in Paris. The Academy possesses three specimens of the
smaller species now described, two of which were presented by Robt. McDowell
M. D., Surgeon at Sierra Leone, and the other was presented, with other inte-
resting birds, by Rev. Wesley Johnson, a pious and learned gentleman attached
to an American Mission at Monrovia, Western Africa.

Pitynus flavo cinereus, nobis,

Loxia canadensis, Linn, variety A. Lath. Gen. Hist. V, p. 282,

Space about the base of the bill extending to the eyes, and including the chin,
black.
Front and top of the head, sides of the neck, breast, and under surface of the
wings at the shoulders, bright yellow, running into green on the neck and back.

Upper part of the back, wings and tail yellowish green.

Scapular region, lower part of the back, rump, upper tail coverts, abdomen
and under tail coverts light cinerous gray.

Middle of the belly and under tail coverts nearly white.

Hab. South America.

Total length, of skin, from tip of bill to end of tail about 7 inches, wing 4,
tail 3 inches.

68 [June,

I have seen one specimen only of this species, which belonged to the Rivoli
collection.

It is nearly related to Lowia canadensis, Linn., which it strongly resembles in
general appearance, but may at once be distinguished by the cinereous lower
portion of the whole body above and below, which colour is separated from the
yellow of the breast by a well defined line, while in L. canadensis, the entire
inferior surface is bright yellow.

The bill of the species now described is larger than that of either of eight spe-
cimens of L. canadensis which I have examined.

ELECTION.

William S. Wilson, Esq., of Philadelphia, was elected a Member,
and

William F. Van Amringe, Esq., of New York, and Sir Harford
Brydges, of London, were elected Correspondents.

eee

1848.] 69

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.
In May anv June, 1848.
May 2d.

Fifteen specimens of Silurian Fossils, from the Hudson river group, Troy>
N.Y. Presented by Dr. Skelton, of Troy, through Dr. Morton.

Twenty-five Gypsiferous Fossils, lower part of Carboniferous series of Nova
Scotia. From J. W. Dawson, Esq., of Pictou, N.S.

May 9th.

Monotis Poulsoni, Conrad; from Lycoming county, Pennsylvania. Presented
by Mr. J. H. Taylor.

Skin of Myrmecophaga jubata, from S. America. Presented by Dr. Vargas, of
Venezuela, through Dr. C. D. Meigs.

Cebus capucinus. From Dr. Watson.

Seven Crania, from Piseo, near Lima. Collected by Mr. Wm. A. Foster, and
deposited by Dr. Morton.

Rallus Virginianus. From Dr. E. J. Lewis.

May 25th.

Fifty-four specimens of Fossils, from the Red Crag and Coralline Crag of Eng-
land. Presented by Dr. Wilson.

A collection of five hundred British Coleoptera, named and arranged. Pre-
sented by Mr. Wm. Hobson, of Kingsessing, through Dr. Watson.

A collection of American Coleoptera, in spirits. . From Dr. Watson.

June 13th.

Mounted specimen of Mustela erminea, from the vicinity of Philada, From
Dr. S. W. Woodhouse.

Mounted specimen of Phasianus pictus (fem.) Presented by Mrs. John B.
Smith, of Philadelphia.

A fine specimen of Allophane, from From Mr. Ashmead,

Two specimens of Quartz, from Guanaxato, Mexico. Presented by Dr. Grif
fith.

June 20th.

Amblyopsis , and Astacus » from the Mammoth cave, Kentucky ;
several specimens of Atrypa concentrica, from Eighteen Mile Creek, Lake Erie,
N. Y.; one of Hippa emerita, from Beasley’s point, N. J.; Encrinitic marble,
from Lockport, N. Y.; head of an Encrinite, from Kentucky, and a beautiful
specimen of crystallized carbonate of lime, from the Mammoth cave. Presented
by Mr. Samuel Ashmead. :

Coal Fossil (Calamites) from Carbondale, Pennsylvania. From Mr. John
Cook.

Dr. Morton deposited four crania, viz.: an Azteck, ancient Peruvian, Kaftir,
and a Hottentot.

A large collection of mummied objects, from the Egyptian Catacombs. De-
posited by George R. Gliddon, Esq.

70 |June,

DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY.
In May anp June, 1848.

May 2d.

Flore générale des Environs de Paris, selon Ja methode naturelle. Par F. F.
Chevallier. 2d edition. Vols. 1 and2. 8vo. From Mr. Percival.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Suppliment to No. 5
and No. 6. From the Editor.

Pamphlets on various subjects connected with physical science and geology,
addresses, memoirs, &c., published by Prof. Walter R. Johnson, in 5 vols. Svo.
From the Author.

Report of the Stockholders of the Dauphin and Susquehanna Coal Company.
1848. From the Directors.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following:

Phycologia Britannica. By William Henry Harvey, M. D. Part 27. Svo.

A history of British Mollusca and their shells. By Prof. Edward Forbes, and
Sylvanus Hanley. Part 3. 8vo.

The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, (London.) No. 13. Svo,

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 12. 4to.

The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 1. 2d series. No. 3.

Esquisses Ornithologiques ; description et figures d’Oiseaux nouveaux, ou peu
connus. Par Je Vte. Du Bus. Livs. 1,2,and 3. 4to.

Caroli A. Schreiber’s Collectanea ad Faunam Brasilie. No.1. 4to.

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. Part 17. 4to.

Zoologia typicae By Louis Fraser. Part 12. 4to.

The Birds of Australia. By John Gould.- Part 30. Folio.

Palwontographica. Beitrage zur naturgeschichte der Vorwelt herausgegeben
von Dr. W. Dunker, und Herm. Von Meyer. Vol.1. Nos. 1,2, 3. 4to.

Abbildungen und beschreibungen neuer oder wenig gekanntner Conchylien
herausgegeben von Dr. R. A. Philippi. Vols. 1 and 2, and Nos. 1 and 2, Vol. 3.
Ato.

A voyage to the islands Madeira, Barbadoes, Jamaica, &c. By Sir Hans Sloane.
2vols. Folio.

May 9th.

Contributions to the Geology of Kentucky. By Lunsford P. Yandell, M. D.,
and Benjamin F. Shumard, M. D. Svo. pamphlet. From Dr. Yandell.

Literary Record and Journal of the Linnean Association of Pennsylvania Col-
lege. Vol. 4, No.7. From the Association.

Memoir of a Tour to Northern Mexico, connected with Col. Doniphan’s expe-
dition in 1846 and *47._ By A. Wislezenus, M. D. S8vo. From the Author.

The following were deposited by Dr. Wilson.

Natuurkundige beschryving einor Uitmuntende vermameling van Zeldsaame
Gedierten, bestaaude in Oost-en West Indische, &c.; door A. Vosmaer. 4to.

Fauna Japonica; auctore Ph. Fr. de Siebold. Pisces. Decas 15. Folio.

Die Skelete der Raubvogel abgebildet und beschreiben von Dr. E. D’ Alton, d.
A., und Dr. E. D’Alton, d. J. Folio.

Die Skelete der Straussartigen vozel abgebildet und beschreiben von Dr. E.
D’Alton, d. J. Folio.

Recherches d’Anatomie comparée sur le Chimpanzé. Par W. Vrolik. Folio.

Mauritii Herold Exercitationes de Animalium vertebris carentium in ovo for-
matione. Pars 1. Folio.

M. Heroldii disquisitiones de animalium vertebris carentium in ovo formatione.
De generatione Insectorum in Ovo. 1 vol. Folio.

Symbole physic, seu icones et descriptiones Animalium quas in itinere per
Africam borealem et Asiam Occidentalem F. G. Hemphrich et C. G. Ehrenberg
studio nove aut illustrate redierunt. Folio. Insecta Nos. 1—3, and text;
Mammalia Nos. 1 and 2, and text; Aves No. 1; Evertebrata No. 1, and text.

—_— ee a ee ee ee

Lele ee oe ee ee Oe ee

1848] -71

Die Skelete die Vierhander, abgebildet und verglichen von Dr. Chr. Pander,
und Dr. E. D’Alton. Folio.

Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekantner Saugethiere nach den originalen des
Zoologischen Museums der Universitat zu Berlin. Von Dr. H. Lichtenstein.
Folio.

Zoologischer Atlas von Dr. Friedr. Eschscholtz.. Folio.

Revue Joologique, par la Société Cuvierienne.~ Nos. 9, 10, 11, and 12, for
1846; No. 12, 1847; No. 1, 1848.

The Viviparous guadrupeds of North America. By J. J. Audubon, and Rev.
John Bachman, D. D. No 25, 26, and 27. ,

Oken’s Isis. Nos. 11 and 12, 1847; Nos. i and 2, 1848.

Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, gerundet von A. F. A. Wiegmann; herausgegeben
von Dr. W. F. Erichson. No. 1, 1848.

Tableau élementaire d’Ornithologie, par Sebastian Gerardin. 2 vols. 8vo.

May 23d.

The American Journal of Science and Arts. 2dseries. No. 15. May 1848.
From the Editors.

Melanges de Botanique et des voyages: par Aubert du Petit-Thouars. 1me.
receucil. 8vo. From Mr. James Read.

A discourse on self-limited diseases. By Jacob Bigelow, M.D. From Dr.
Griffith.

June 6th.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following works:

A Monograph of the Macropodide, or family of Kangaroos. By John Gould.
Parts land 2. Folio.

The birds of Australia. By J. Gould. Parts 31, 32, 33,34. Folio.

The Fossil Flora of Great Britain. By John Lindley and William Hutton.
3 vols. 8vo.

Conchologia iconica. Monographs of nine genera. By Lovell Reeve. 4to.

Iconographie Zoophytologique. Par Hardouin Michelin. 2vols. 4to.

Phycologia Britannica. By William Henry Harvey, M.D. Part 28. S8vo.

A history of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Edward Forbes and
Sylvanus Hanley. Part4. 8vo.

Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. By Philip Henry Gosse. Part 1. 8vo.

The Zoology of the voyage of the Erebus and Terror. Part 7. Fishes by
Sir John Richardson. 4to.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 13. 4to.

The Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. S. Samarang, in 1843—46. No. 1. 4to.
Fishes by Sir Jno. Richardson.

The Annals and Magazine of Nat. History. 2d series. Vol. 1. No. 4.

Palzontographical Society. A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca, or descrip-
tions of Shells from the middle and upper Tertiaries of the East of England. By
Searles C. Wood. Partl. Ato.

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. Part 18. 4to.

Monographie der Papageien, von Chr. L. Brehm. Parts 1,2, 3. Ato.

Nomenclature of Coleopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum.
Part 2. 12mo.

Index Testarum Conchyliorum que adservantur in Museo Nicolai Gaultieri.
Folio. Deposited by Dr. Griffith.

Musci Alleghenienses, sive Spicilegia Muscorum atque Hepaticarum quos in
itinere a Marylandia usque ad Georgiam A. D. 1842, decerpserunt Asa Gray et
W. 8S. Sullivant. Cincinnavit et exposuit W. S. Sullivant. 2 Vols. 4to.
Enumeratio, 1 Vol. 8vo. From Mr. Sullivant.

Contributions to the Bryology and Hepaticology of North America. By Wm.
8. Sullivant. Part 1. 4to. From the Author.

Musci and Hepatice of the Northern United States. By Wm. Sullivant.
12mo. From the Author.

72 (June,

Fauna der Forvelt, von Dr. C. G. Giebel. Part 3. Svo. From Mr. J.
Lambert.

An investigation of the Theories of the Natural History of Man, by Prichard,
and others. By William F. Van Amringe. 8vo. From the Author.

The Pyramids of Gizeh; the surveys by J. E. Perring, Esq.; notes and refer-
ences to the plans, &c., by E. J. Andrews, Esq.; (Vyse’s Pyramids.) Elephant
folio. From Dr. 8. G. Morton.

June 29th.

’ Literary Record and Journal of Linnean Association of Pennsylvania College,
Vol. 4. No.8. From the Association.

A defence of Dr. Charles T. Jackson’s claims to the discovery of Etherization.
By Joseph L. and Henry C. Lord. From Dr. Jackson.

Beschreibung einer neuen art von Anophthalmus. Von Dr. J.Sturm. From
the Author.

Anophthalmus. Neue gattung aus der famille der Caraben. Von Jacob Sturm.
From the same.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following works:

Suites 4 Buffon, formant avec les wuvres de cet auteur, un cours complet d’histoire
naturelle. 49 Vols. 8vo.

Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux de Paradis et des Rolliers, suivie de celle des
Toucans et des Barbus. Par Francois Le Vaillant. 2 Vols. Folio.

Histoire naturelle des Promerops et des Guépiers. Par F. Le Vaillant, faisant
suite 4 celle des Oiseaux de Paradis par le meme. 1 Vol. Folio.

Voyage en ‘Abyssinie, exécute pendant les Années 1839—’43 par une Commis-
sion scientifique, &c.; publié sous les auspices de M. le Baron de Mackau. Text,
5 vols. Svo. Plates 15 Livs. Folio.

Exploration scientifique de ?Algérie pendant les années 1840—42. 38 Livs.
4to.

Illustrations de Zoologie, &c. Par P. Lesson. 4to.

Mémoire sur les Bélemnites. Par M. H. Ducrotay de Blainville. 4to.

La Conchyliologie. Par M. Desaillier D’Argenville. 3d edition. 3 Vols. 4to.

Manuel de ’histoire naturelle des Mollusques et de leurs Coquilles. Par M.
Sander Rang. 12mo.

Elements des Sciences naturelles, Par A.M. Constant Dumeril. 3d Edition.
2 vols. 12mo.

Prodrome d’une histoire des Végétaux fossiles. Par M. Adolphe Brongniart.
8vo.

Des Dents des Mammiféres, considérées comme caractéres Zoologiques. Par
M. F. Cuvier. 8vo.

Histoire des Polypiers Coralligenes flexibles, vulgairement nommés Zoophytes.
Par J. V. F. Lamouroux. 8vo.

—_—- cre” |

—

Pew oy

1848.] 73

July 11th, 1848.
Dr. BripGss in the Chair.

Letters were read from :—

Dr. Theodore Cantor, of the Bengal Medical Service, dated Fort
William, January 8th, 1848, presenting copies of his publications on
subjects of Natural History in India.

From Prof. A. D. Bache, Superintendent of the United States Coast
Survey, dated Washington, June 15th, 1848, accompanying a donation
from the Treasury Department of Maps of Edgartown, Black Rock,
and Bridgeport Harbors.

From Dr. Joseph Leidy, Chairman of the Curators of this Institu-
tion, dated London, May 30th, 1848, announcing numerous donations
to the Society, from various European Societies, distinguished na-
turalists and other sources, and among them a valuable series of casts
of fossils from the Sivalik Hills, to be presented by the Hon. East India
Company.

From Dr. Thomas Horsfield, Curator of the East India Company’s
Museum, dated Hast India House, June 22d, 1848, announcing that he
had shipped for the Academy, the collection of casts of India fossils,
(referred to in Dr. Leidy’s letter,) together with a cast of the cranium
of Sivatherium giganteum, from the original in the British Museum,
presented by himself ; also several numbers of his splendid work on the
plants of Java, &c.

Ard a letter from the Secretary of the Court of Directors of the
Hon. Hast India Company, dated June 8th, 1848, announcing the pre-
sentation to the Society, of the collection of casts of fossils above
referred to, and enclosing a list of the same.

A letter was also read from the Secretary of the Geological Society
of London, dated June Ist, 1848, acknowledging the receipt of a copy
of No. 1, Vol. 1, New Series, of the Journal of the Academy, and of
several numbers of its Proceedings.

July 25th, 1848.
Dr. BripcEs in the Chair.

Communications were read from the Recording and Corresponding
Secretaries, resigning their respective offices, the latter in consequence
of his removal from Philadelphia. ‘he resignations were accepted,
and the following resolutions unanimously adopted :

Resolved, That the thanks of this Society be, and they are hereby
tendered, to Prof. Walter R. J ohnson, for his faithful discharge of the
duties of Corresponding Secretary, during the several years that he has
been the incumbent of that office.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA.—VOL. IV. NO. IY. Il

74 [ Auvaust,

Resolved, That the sincere thanks of this Society be tendered to
Mr. John Lambert, for his able and assiduous attention to the duties of
the Recording Secretaryship during his incumbency of that office.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Asiatic Society of
Bengal, addressed to Dr. Charles Huffnagle, dated January 14th, 1848,
accompanying the donation by that Society to the Academy, of 14
volumes of the Asiatic Researches, and 9 volumes of their Journal.

Dr. Morton read to the Society the following extracts from a
printed copy of the will of the late Mrs. Elizabeth Stott, of Phila-
delphia :

“To the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, I bequeath
my Plantw Asiatic Rariores, in three large folio volumes bound in
Russia leather, by Dr. Wallich, Superintendent of the Botanical Gar-
den at Calcutta.”

“By Dr. Samuel George Morton, I give and bequeath to the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, two thousand dollars, in
trust, to invest and keep the same in good security, or in good estate,
and to apply the annual income to meet the expenses of the printing
and publishing such papers communicated to the Academy, as they
shall direct.”

The Academy then proceeded to an election for Corresponding and
Recording Secretaries, with the following result :—

Corresponding Secretary—John Cassin.

Recording Secretary—William Gambel, M. D.

ELECTION OF CORRESPONDENTS.

Bennett Dowler, M. D., of New Orleans.
A. A. Henderson, M. D., U.S. N.
Robert M. S. Jackson, M. D., Indiana county, Pennsylvania.

August 1st, 1848.
Vice President Morron in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Royal Society of
Copenhagen, dated April 20th, 1847, acknowledging the receipt of
recent numbers of the Proceedings.

Also a letter from the Secretary of the American Philosophical
Society, to the same effect.

An extract from a letter from Richard Brown, Esq., addressed to
Prof. Johnson, dated Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia, July 13th, 1848, in
relation to a new fossil plant, (Artesia or Sternbergia) recently ob-
tained in his vicinity. ;

Dr. Gambel exhibited, and read the description of a new Mexican
Quail, which was referred to a committee consisting of Mr. Cassin,
Dr. Townsend, and Dr. Bridges.

Dr. Gambel exhibited and made some observations upon several
Birds, recently collected in Florida by Dr. Heerman, among them
Rosthramus hamatus, Vireo longirostris, and Ardea Pealii, notices of
which will be prepared for publication in the Proceedings.

1848.]

~

Q

August 8th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

The Curators exhibited the extensive and valuable collection of casts
of Sivalik fossils, presented by the Hon. Court of Directors of the
East India Company to this Society. (See list at page 79.)

The Publication Committee announced the publication of the second
Number of the New Series of the Journal of the Academy.

Dr. Morton offered the following remarks on four skulls of Shosho-
nee Indians, deposited by him this evening.

‘¢ They are the first cranial remains of that singular tribe that have
ever been brought to this city. They were obtained by our associate.
Col. J. C. Fremont,* a gentleman whose extensive explorations have
enriched every branch of natural science. The Shoshonees, or Diggers,
are proverbially known for their low position in the mental and moral
seale of our aboriginal tribes. They wander about in small commu-
nities ; have no villages ; build no cabins; plant no corn, nor cultivate
any vegetable. They protect themselves from the weather, under the
edges of rocks, and go scantily clothed in the skins of wild animals.

“« Two out of four of these skulls are so small, so receding in the fore-
head, and so depressed over the whole coronal region, that they could
not, by intrinsic evidence alone, have been identified with any branch
of the aboriginal American race. They want the vertical occiput and
general rounded form of the Indian head, and have a narrowness of
the face unusual with these people. I submit the following brief
memoranda :

‘1. Skull of a woman of thirty-five or forty years of age. The
anterior region is contracted in all its diameters; the forehead very
low and receding, so as to give a facial angle of but seventy degrees.
The posterior region is remarkably full in proportion, and the internal
capacity gives seventy- -three cubic inches as the bulk of the brain.

«2. Another skull of a woman of twenty-five or thirty years, of a
conformation like the preceding. The facial angle is larger, but the in-
ternal capacity is but seventy-one cubie inches

“3. Skull of a woman of fifty. The developments much like those
of the two preceding heads. The forehead is very low; the face
broad, heavy, and protruding ; but the vertex is high, and the occiput
combines the vertical form and great lateral diameter with that of the
common Indian head. Internal capacity eighty-four cubic inches.

“These three crania were found nearly together, a few miles from the
expansion of Humboldt’s river in the Shoshonee country, and Captain
Fremont was entirely satisfied that they belonged to people of that
nation.

«Heads of such small capacity and ill-balanced proportions could

* They were obligingly placed in my hands by Mr. Edward M. Kern, the in-
genious draftsman of Col. Fremont’s expedition.

76 ([Avueust,

only have belonged to savages; and it 1s interesting to observe such
remarkable accordance between the cranial developments, and mental
and moral faculties. Perhaps we could nowhere find humanity in a
more debased form than among these very Shoshonees, for they possess
the vices, without the redeeming qualities of the surrounding Indian
tribes ; and even their cruelty is not combined with courage. A well
formed head is no evidence of superior intellect; but on the other
hand, a head that is defective in all its proportions, must be almost in-
evitably associated with low and brutal propensities, and corresponding
degradation of mind; and such is pre-eminently the case with the
wretched Shoshonees.

“4. The fourth skull of this series is the very type of Indian confor-
mation; broad and full in the inter-parietal region ; the occiput vertical
and the vertex itself remarkably prominent. The face is broad; the
nose salient ; the skull thick; and the whole structure massive to an
extreme degree : yet this head, which is that of a man of sixty years,
has an internal capacity of ninety-one cubic inches, or ten above the
average of his race. ‘The tribe to which he belonged could not be as-
certained. The skull was picked up on the western slope of the Cali-
fornian mountains, and among the haunts of the Shoshonees; but its
developments would lead me to refer it to some other and more intel-
lectual tribe.” :

The following resolutions were offered by Dr. Morton, and unani-
mously adopted : —

Resolved, That the cordial thanks of this Society be tendered to the
Hon. Court of Directors of the East India Company, for their very
liberal and most interesting donation of a series of casts of the Sivalik
fossils, which have been safely received, and are now in progress of
arrangement in the collections of the Academy.

Resolved, That the grateful thanks of this Society be presented to
their associate, Dr. Thomas Horsfield, for his present of the cast of the
cranium of Sivatherium giganteum, (which has been received in perfect
condition, and will forma most valuable addition to the Academy’s
series of Sivalik fossils,) and also for the accompanying copies of the
Plante Javanice rariores, and Annulosa Javanica.

August 22d, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

Letters were read from the Rev. Wm. Scoresby, D. D., dated
Whitby, Yorkshire, England, July 19th, 1848, and from Col. J.C:
Fremont, dated Washington, pC, August 19th, 1848, severally
acknowledging the receipt of their notices of election as Correspon-
dents.

Dr. Gambel read a paper describing new California Quadrupeds,
which was referred to the following Committee: Mr. Cassin, Dr.
Wilson, and Dr. Bridges.

Ve -”SS—S>™S>™—X— '..-——i—r”

—_—— eee ese

a

1848.] 77

August 29th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

The Commitice on the following papers by Dr. Gambel, reported in
favour of publication :—

Description of a new Mexican Quail.

By Wittram Gameezt, M. D.
Ontyx *THORACICUS.

With a full somewhat pointed crest, the feathers of which are black, obscurely
mixed with dull-brown and rufous. Nape mottled with black and bright rufous, and
traversed by two interrupted white lines, which commence of a cinereous colour
about the front and pass over the eyes. Throat and cheeks pale cinereous, each
feather with a narrow black margin. Sides of neck, breast and sides pale rufous ;
deepest on sides of neck, where the feathers have a few scattering black spots.
Lower part of belly and vent white. Under tail coverts rusty-white, mottled
with black. Tail very short and rounded, its colour dark-brown, with freckled
irregular bars of rusty-white. Lower part of back and upper tail coverts irre-
gularly variegated with different shades of grey, fulvous and black. Upper part
of back dark rufous, the centres of the feathers grayish, and traversed by fine
irregular, dusky lineations. Wings and scapulars beautifully variegated with
black, rufous and grey ; wing coverts and scapulars having the upper vanes deep
black, margined and lined with rufous, the lower vanes greyish freckled, and
blotched with black, while the shafts are dull whitish.

Tertiaries on their upper vanes with broad fulvous margins. Feet and legs
pale, bill black. Irides chocolate-brown.

Length 8 inches, wing 5 inches, tail 2 inches, tarsus 1 3-10ths, ridge of bill
6-10th, from angle of mouth 74-10ths.

This appears to be an undescribed species of that group of quails which so
much resemble our common Q. virginianus. The present, however, is readily
distinguished from that species by its much longer bill and very short tail, as
well as its general markings, particularly beneath ; the breast and sides being
of a plain fawn colour, or pale rufous. The only specimen from which I describe
was brought from Jalapa, Mexico, by Mr. Pease. It does not appear to be quite
adult, and the markings about the head and throat may be somewhat different in
the old bird; still, however, its characters are sufficiently marked. Judging
from description, it must very nearly resemble the OQ. pectoralis, of Gould; but
besides the difference of markings, he makes no mention of that species having
acrest. The length of the bird, as well as of the wing, is in this also just one
inch greater, which would hardly be the case in a young bird.

Descriptions of two new California Quadrupeds.
By Wm. Gampez, M. D.
Dipodomys * agilis.

Golour above yellowish-brown, mixed with dusky; beneath pure white, ex-
tending half way up the sides. Head elongated, tapering from the ears to asharp
point, Ears nearly round, sparsely hairy. Eyes large, dark brown. A large

78 [Avausr,

pouch on each side of the head, opening externally on the cheeks. Both hind
and fore feet with four toes and the rudiment of a fifth. The hind legs very
long and strong. Tail very long, slender covered with hair, and ending in a
pencillated tuft.

Length 104 inches, including the tail, which is 64 inches.

2 incisors.
10 upper
Teeth 8 molars.
Dental System, 20° 2 incisors
10 lower ;
8 molars.

In the upper jaw the incisors are divided by a longitudinal furrow.

This beautiful Jerboa-like animal is an abundant inhabitant of the vineyards
and cultivated fields of the Pueblo de los Angeles, Upper California.

Like the other pouched animals, it forms extensive burrows, traversing the
fields in different directions, and are only dislodged during the process of irriga-
tion. They leap with surprising agility, sometimes the distance of ten feet or
more at a spring, and are difficult to capture.

Mus * Californicus.

Dark grey; lighter about the head and shoulders; above tipped with light
brown; on the sides almost fulvous. Beneath almost white. Fore feet with
four toes and the rudiment ofa fifth. Hind feet with five toes. Tail nearly
five inches in length, pretty thickly covered with short rigid hairs. Head acutely
conical ; ears large, rounded, thin, sparsely hairy ; one inch in length, and 5-8the
in breadth. Length of the body 43 inches. Old male,—bristles, of the nose 2}
inches,

I captured but a single specimen of this species in a field near Monterey,
Upper California, which, with those of the former, I had the misfortune to loge.

The Committee to whom was referred the duty of preparing a cor-
rected list of Members and Correspondents, presented a report, which
was adopted, and two hundred and fifty copies of the list ordered in
4to. form. The following committee was appointed to superintend the
publication of the same: Drs. Zantzinger, Griffith, and Bridges.

—

ELECTION.

Alexander Biddle, Esq., of Philadelphia, was elected a Member, and
the following were elected Correspondents :—

Hugh E. Strickland, Esq., of London.

Edward Blyth, Esq., of Calcutta.

Frances S. Holmes., Esq., of Charleston, 8. C.

Theodore Cantor, M. D., of the Bengal Medical Service.

1848.] 79

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM
In Juty anp Aveust, 1848,

July 11th, 1848.

Two Cabinets of Shells, containing about 1200 specimens, forming
part of the Hyde Collection. Presented by Andrew R. Chambers, Esq., of
Philadelphia.

A collection of Mollusca, Cirrhipeda, and Crustacea, amounting to 54 speci-
meus. Presented by Dr. Thomas B. Wilson.

Very fine specimen of Lepidodendron, from the vicinity of Pottsville, Pa. From
William Dewey, Esq.

Two fine specimens of fossil plants, from Schuylkill Co., Pa. From G. N.
Jones, Esq.

August 1st.

Two fine specimens of Terebratula Harlani, (Morton,) from Timber Creek,
New Jersey. Presented by Mr. Edward Harris.

The following specimens of New Minerals were presented by Francis Markoe,
Jr., Esq., of Washington, through Dr. Morton, viz.: Arkansite, 2 specimens,
from Magnet Cave, Hot Springs Co., Arkansas; Scarbroite, from Scarboro, Eng-
land; Pyrrhite, from the Azores ; Ozarkite; from Magnet Cave; and Schorlamite,
from do.

Dr. Watson presented two rolled specimens of Producta and Encrinites, from
Ohio.

August 8th.

The following large and valuable collection of casts of Fossils from the Sivalik
Hills, was presented by the Court of Directors of the Hon. East India Company.
Dinotherium Indicum, part of Lower Jaw, from Perim Island.
Do. do. Vertebra, do do.

Elephas insignis, Cranium, from Sivalik Hills.

Do. hysudricus, Grinder, do. do.

Do. namadicus, do. from Nerbudder.
Klephas, first Vertebra, from the Sivalik Hills.

Do. Cliftii, Grinder, from Ava.
Mastodon perimensis, Cranium, from Perim Island.

Do. do. Grinder of the Lower Jaw, from Perim Island.

Do. sivalensis, part of Cranium from the Sivalik Hills.

Do. do. 3 spec., Grinders, upper and lower, from the Sivalik Hills.
Do. latidens, Grinder and part of Palate, do do.

Hippopotamus (Tetraprotodon) paleindicus, anterior part of the Lower Jaw,
from Nerbudder.

Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon) sivalensis, Cranium, from the Sivalik Hills.
Do.

do. do. Lower Jaw, do. do.
Do. (Tetraprotodon) paleindicus, Cranium, do. - do.
Rhinoceros paleindicus, Do. do. do.
Sus giganteus, Do. do. do.
Equus namadicus, Do. from Nerbudder.
Do. sivalensis, Do. from Sivalik Hills.
Do. do. Lower Jaw, part, from Sivalik Hills.
Sivatherium giganteum, fem., Cranium, do. do.
Do. do. Horn part, do. do.
Do. do. Cranium, fragment, do. do.
Mastodon angustidens, Grinder.
Do. latidens, do.

Do. longirostris, do.

Merycopotamus dissimilis, Cranium, from the Sivalik Hills.
Do. 2 spec. do. Lower Jaw, do. do.
Do. do. Humerus, do. do.

80 [Aveusr,

Calicotherium sivalense, Cranium and Lower Jaw, from the Sivalik Hills.

Do. do. part of Upper Jaw, do. do.
Do. do. part of Lower Jaw, do. do.
Hippohyus sivalensis, Cranium, do. do.
Equus. Do. Cranium, part, with ranze of teeth, from Sivalik Hills.
Do. Vertebra, do. do.
Hippotherium antilopinum, Lower Jaw, part, do. do.
Sivatherium giganteum, Tarsal Bones, do. do.
Camelopardalis affinis, Cervical Vertebra, do. do.
Capra, part of the Cranium, do. do.
Sivatherium giganteum, Vertebra, do. do.
Do. do. Lower Jaw, fragment, do. do.
Do. do. Femur, do. do. do.
Do. do. Anterior extremities restored, do. do.
Camelus sivalensis, Cranium, do. do.
Camelopardalis, Humerus, do. do.

Bos, Cranium, with part of Horns, from Nerbudder,
Do. Cranium,

Ursus (Hyznarctos) sivalensis, 1 spec., Cranium, do. do.
* Do. do. 2 spec. do. Femur, do. do.
Emys Hamiltonoides, do. do.
Emys, do. do.
Colossochelys Atlas, Humerus, do. do.
Do. do. Episternum, do. do.

Do. do. Triphosternum, do. do.
Leptorhynchus giganteus, Muzzle, do. do.
Do. gangeticus A, part of Cranium, do. do.

Do. do. B, do. do. do. do.
Crocodilus biporcatus, do. do. do. do.
Capra, do. do. do. do.
Felis paleotigris, 2 spec., Cranium, do. do.
Do. cristata, do. do. do.
Canis, do. do. do.
Do. do. do do
Hyena, A, do. do do.
Do. B, do. do do.
Ursus (Hyznarctos) sivalensis, Lower Jaw, do. do.
Enhydridon ferox, A, Cranium, do. do.
Do. doje, sido: do. do.

Do. do... 4G, <..do-; do. do.
Machairodus sivalensis, A, Cranium, fragment, do. do.
Do. do. B, do. do. do.
Quadrumana, Simia, Lower Jaw, part, do. do.
Aves, Fam. Struthionidx, fragment of Left Tibia, do. do.
Pisces, Fam. Silenide, fragment, do. do.
Lutra paleindica, Cranium, do. do.
Colossochelys Atlas, (young,) Cranium, do. do.
Crocodilus biporcatus, (young,) part of Cranium, co. do.

Seven smaller pieces, undetermined.

Also, a cast of a Meteorite, from India.

A small box containing 37 specimens of smaller size, most of them without
names.

In addition to the above, a fine cast of the cranium of Sivatherium giganteum,
taken from the original in the British Museum, was received from Dr. Thomas
Horsfield.

Dr. Morton deposited four crania of the Shoshonee tribe of Indians, collected
by Mr. Edward M. Kern.

Mr. Lambert presented a specimen of Amblyopsis speleus, and of Astacus
pellucidus, from the Mammoth Cave, Kentucky.

1848.] 81

Aug. 15th.

Fifty-nine specimens, comprising twenty species of Lepidoptera, from Florida,
Key West, and Charleston, collected and presented by Dr. Heermann. Also,
from the same donor, eggs of Sterna Cayenna, S. fuliginosa, S. stolida, Pelecanus
fuscus, Phalocrocorax floridanus, Ardea nycticorax, “A. ludoviciana.

DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY.
In Juty anp Aveust, 1848,
July 15th.

Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histcire naturelle de Genéve. Tome
XI. Part. 2. 4to. Paris: 1848. From the Society.

Notices sur les Plantes rares cultivées dans le jardin botanique de Genéve.
Par Aug. P. et Alphonse De Candolle. 4to. From the same.

Catalogue of Mammalia inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and Islands. By
Theodore Cantor, M. D. From the Author.

Spicilegium Serpentium Indicorum, by Dr. Theodore Cantor. From the same.

General Features of Chusan, &. By Dr. Cantor. From the same.

Catalogue of Reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsulaand Islands. By Dr.
Cantor.

A portion of the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, for 1842,
describing Coleoptera from Chusan and Canton, by the Rev. F. W. Hope. From
Dr. Cantor.

Strawberry Report. Read before the Cincinnati Horticultural Society, Aug.,
1847. From Mr. Percival.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 2. Nos. 1 and 2.
From the Editor.

American Journal of Science and Arts. Second series, Vol. 6. No. 16.
From the Editor.

Literary Record and Journal of the Linnean Association of Pennsylvania Col-
lege. Vol. 4. No.9. From the Association.

Thoughts on the Principles of Taxation, &«. By C. Babbage, Esq. From the
Author.

United States Coast Survey: Maps of Edgartown, Black Rock, and Bridge-
port Harbors. From the United States Treasury Department, through Prof. A. D.
Bache.

Narrative of the Arctic Land Epedition to the mouth of the Great Fish River
and along the shores of the Arctic Ocean in 1833—’35. By Capt. Back, R. N.
8vo. Deposited by Dr. Wilson.

Comptes rendus, from Jan. 3d to April 14, 1848. From the same.

July 18th.

Plante Asiatice Rariores, &c. By Nathaniel Wallich, M. and Ph. D. 3
vols. folio. From the late Mrs. Elizabeth Stott, of Philadelphia through her
executors.

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Vols. 8, 9, (incomplete,) 10, (do.,)
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; and Asiatic Researches, vols. 6 to 26. 4to. From
the Asiatic Society, through Dr. Chas. Huffnagle.

Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents for 1847. From the Hon. Geo.
M. Dallas.

List of the genera of recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. By J. E.
Gray. From the Author.

The following were deposited by Dr. Griffith:

Historia Animalium & Wolfgango Franzio. 6th edition. 12mo.

Florum et Coronariarum odoratarumque nonnullarum herbarum historia.
Auctore Remberto Dodoneo. 12mo.

Historia Medica, &c., Auctore Gulielmo Vanden Bossche. 4to.

Descriptio Terre Sanctz et regionum finitimarum, auctore Borchardo; item
Itinerarium Hierosolymitarum Bartholomeei de Saligniaco, (in one vol. 4to.)

82 [Avaust,

Flora Virgiliana, seu Catalogus Plantarum in Virgilii operibus occurrentium.
8yo.

Flora Classica: herausgegeben yon Dr. Julius Billerbeck. 8yo.

The following were deposited by Dr. Wilson :—

A voyage to Abyssinia in 1809 and 10, by order of the British Government.
By Henry Salt, Esq., F. R.S. 4to.

A Voyage ronod the World; but more particularly to the N. W. Coast of
America in 1785—'88, in the King George and Queen Charlotte, Capts. Portlock
and Dixon. By Captain George Dixon. 4to.

Fauna Orcadensis, or the natural history of Orkney and Shetland. By the Rev.
George Law. 4to.

Narrative of travels and discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, in 1822,
23, and '24. By Major Denham, Capt. Clapperton, and the late Dr. Oudney,
&e. 4to.

Journal of a second expedition into the interior of Africa from the Bight of
Benin to Soccatoo. By the late Commander Olapperton. 4to.

An attempt towards the natural history of the fossils of England, in a cata-
logue of the English fossils in the collection of J. Woodward, M.D. 2 vols. 8¥o.

Eduardi Luidii apud Oxonienses Cimiliarche Ashmoleani Lithophylacii
Britannici Ichnographia. $8vo.

Carolia Linne Systema Nature. 12th edition. 2 vols. 8vo.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. I. 2d series. No. 5.

Phycologia Britunnica. By William Henry Harvey, M.D, Part 29.

Conchologia iconica—Genus Bulimus. By Lovell Reeve. 4to.

Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. By Phillip Henry Gosse. Part 2. 8vo.

Abbildungen and Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig gekanntner Conchylien,
von Dr. R. A. Philippi. Vol. 3. No. 3. 4to.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 14. 4to.

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. Part 19. 4to.

A history of British Mollusca and their shells. By Prof. Forbes and Sylvanus
Hanley. Part 5. 8vo.

August 1st.

Literary Record and Journal of the Linnean Association of Pennsylvania Col-
lege. Vol. 4. No. 10. From the Association.

Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York,
March 2, 1818. From the Regents.

Stitistics of Coal: prepared by Richard Cowling Taylor. 8vo. Presented by
Dr. Wilson. |

August 8th.

Plante rariores Javanicz, quasin InsulaJava, annees 1802—1818 legit et inves-
tigavit Thos. Horsfield, of. D. Parts 1, 2 and 3. 4to. From the Author.

Annulosa Javanica. By Wm. S. Macleay, Esq. No. 1. 4to. From Dr.
Horsfield.

Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. New Series. Vol.
1. No. 2. 4to. From the Publication Committee.

August 15th.
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 1. pp.
297-346. 8vo. From the Academy.
Descriptions of N. A. Coleoptera, chiefly in the cabinet of J. L. Le Conte,
M.D. ByS.S. Haldeman. 4to. From the Author.
Descriptions of Plants collected by Wm. Gambel, M. D., in the Rocky Moun-
tains and Upper California. By Thomas Nuttall. 4to. From the Author.
August 22d.
The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America. By J. J. Audubon and Rev.
J. Backman. No. 28. Elephant folio. Deposited by Dr. Wilson.
Comptes Rendus. Nos. 16-22, for 1848. From the same.
Archiv fir Naturgeschichte, von A. P. A. Wiegmann. No. 4, 1847. From
the same.
Boston Journal of Natural History. Vol.5.No. 4. From the Boston Society
of Natural History.

>
oe

—

—

1848.) 83

September 5th, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. J. J. Kaup, dated Darmstadt, August 4,
1848, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Corres-
pondent, and recommending the purchase by this Society, of certain
collections of fossil remains and European Lepidoptera offered for sale
in Germany, and enclosing catalogues of the same.

A communication was read from the Secr tary of the Linnean
Society, of London, dated June 22d, 1848, acknowledging the receipt
of Part 1, Vol. 1, New Series of the Journal of the Academy, and of
recent Nos. of the Proceedings.

An extract from a letter from Francis 8. Holmes, Esq., dated
Charleston, South Carolina, August 24th, 1848, was read, proposing an
exchange of a series of fossils from the Eocene of that State, for a
copy of the first series of the Journal of the Academy; which was
agreed to, and the Publication Committee directed to make the ex-
change.

September 18th, 1848.
Dr. BripGEs in the Chair.

Letters were read from Dr. A. A. Henderson, U.S.N., dated Septem-
ber 16, 1848, and from W. F. Van Amringe, Esq., dated Montgomery,
Orange Co., N. Y., September 12th, 1848, severally acknowledging
the receipt of their notices of election as Correspondents.

A communication from the Secretary of the American Philosophical
Society, dated Philadelphia, September 15, 1848, acknowledging the
receipt of late Nos. of the Proceedings.

Prof. Haldeman exhibited specimens of a fruit, which he supposed to
be hybrid between the Chinquapin and the common Chestnut. A hy-
brid between the Chinquapin and the Spanish Chestnut, was also shown
to exist.

The following resolution was adopted :

Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to address a letter to the
officers of the American Association for the advancement of Science,
inviting the members of that body to visit the Hall of the Academy
during their stay in Philadelphia.

October 3d, 1348.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

Dr. Hallowell read a paper intended for publication, entitled ‘ Notes
of the post-mortem appearances observed ina Cynocephalus porcarius,”
which was referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Leidy, Zant-

nger and Morton.

PROCEED, ACAD. NAT. SCI, OF PHILADELPHIA.—VOL, IY. NO. V. 12

84 [OcToBER,

A communication was presented from Dr. R. W. Gibbes, of Colum-
bia, South Carolina, entitled “ Monograph of the Fossil Squalida of the
United States, continued,’’ which was referred to the Committee on
the former portion of the memoir.

Mr. Cassin read a paper describing a new Tanager from the Rio
Negro, (Lanagra nigro-aurita,) which was referred to a Committee
consisting of Drs. Wilson, Gambel and Bridges.

On leave granted, the Committee to whom was referred Mr. Henry
C. Lea’s catalogue of Tertiary Fossils of the U.S., reported in favor
of publication in the Proceedings.

October 10th, 1848.
Vice President Morron in the Chair.

A communication was read from Prof. Walter R. Johnson, Secretary
of the American Association for the advancement of Science, dated
Philadelphia, September 25th, 1848, returning the acknowledgements
of that body for ‘the liberal and handsome manner in which the
numerous and splendid collections of the Academy were offered for
the inspection of the members.”

A letter was read from Francis S. Holmes, Esq., of Charleston, S.C.,
dated October 2d, 1848, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of
election as a Correspondent.

Also a letter from Mr. George B. Allinson, dated October 3d, 1848,
acompanying his donation of minerals, this evening announced.

October 17th, 1848.
Mr. Vaux in the Chair.

Letters were read :—

From the Secretary of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York,
dated October 10th, 1848, acknowledging the receipt of Nos. 1 and 2,
New Series of Journal of the Academy :—

From Dr. Bennet Dowler, dated New Orleans, October 3d, 1848,
and from Dr. R. M. S. Jackson, dated Blairsville, Pennsylvania, Oc-
tober 7th, 1848, severally acknowledging the receipt of their notices
of election as Correspondents :—

From John A. Guex, dated New York, October 15, 1848, announe-
ing that he had forwarded for this Society recent Nos. of the Annals of
the Royal Agricultural Society of Lyons.

October 24th, 1848.

Dr. Bripaes in the Chair.

A letter was read from Mr. B. M. Norman, of New Orleans, dated
October 6th, 1848, announcing the late decease of Dr. William M.

1848.) 85

Carpenter of that city, a correspondent of this Institution, and stating
that at the request of the latter, he had transmitted for the cabinet of
the Academy, the specimens of Tapir fossils, described and figured by
Dr. Carpenter in Silliman’s Journal, New Series, No. 2. ;

A letter was read from Prof. Walter R. Johnson, addressed to
Dr. Morton, dated Washington, October 18, 1848, recommending to
the Academy to memorialize Uongress on the advantage and impor-
tance of an examination into the Natural History of the Southern
portion of Chili, and of adding one or more naturalists to
the astronomical expedition now fitting out by the U. S. Govern-
ment for that region, under the command of Lieut. J. M. Gilliss
U.S. N. Keferred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Morton, Dr.
Bridges and Mr. Vaux.

Mr. Cassin read a communication from Mr. Wm. S. Pease, intended
for publication, describing the geological features of the district of
country lying between Puebla and the Gulf of Mexico, with some re-
marks on its Natural History. Referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Townsend,
and Mr. Vaux.

Mr. Cassin also presented a Catalogue of Birds, collected by Mr.
Wm. S. Pease, during the march of the Army of the United States from
Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico. Referred to Drs. Townsend, Gambel
and Woodhouse.

October 31st, 1848.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

The Committee on Mr. Cassin’s description of a new Tanager, re-
ported in favor of publication.

Description of a new Tanagra, in the Collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia.

By Joun Cassin.

TANAGRA nigro-aurita, nobis.

Superior and point of the inferior mandible, black,—other portions of the infe-
rior mandible, yellow. ;

Head above, chin and throat, ending in a point on the breast, crimson.

A broad stripe from the base of the bill, including the eye and ear, glossy
black. This stripe completely separates the crimson of the upper part of the
head from that of the throat.

Entire upper surface of the body, except the head, black, which is also the co-
lor of the wings and tail. Under parts of the body from the breast, white.

Legs, in the dried skin, nearly black.

_ Total length of skin, from tip of bill to end of tail, about 64 inches; wing
3 1-10th; tail 2 8-10th inches.
Hab. Rio Negro, South America.

This species very much resembles both Tanagra gularis, Linn., and capitata,

86 [OcroBER,

D’Orbigny, from either of which it may be distinguished by its black nares and
ears, and also by the absence of purple on the breast. In the species now de-
scribed, of which I have seen six specimens, the throat and breast are of the
same color, exactly as the upper part of the head, without the slightest appear-
ance of the purple into which the crimson changes in both the species men-
tioned. The legs, also, in the present species, are nearly or quite black, in
which respect they differ from those of 7. capitata, which are yellow.

A specimen of this remarkable species was obtained in Europe by Mr. Edward
Wilson, to whose valuable additions to the collection of the Academy I have fre-
quently alluded. I have also seen other specimens, two of which I procured from
a collection, brought from the Rio Negro by Mr. John Wulf, an intelligent mer-
chant, formerly resident at Para.

The Committee on the following communication by Dr. Hallowell,
reported in favor of publication :—

Notes of the post-mortem appearances observed in a Cynocephalus porcarius, which
died in the Menagerie at Philadelphia.

By Epwarp Hattowett, M. D.

The right lung is greatly enlarged and tuberculous ; the tuberculous matter
exists in the form of infiltration, and is disseminated in masses leaving inter-
vening spaces of hepatized lung of a brick-red color, firm and resisting to the
touch; the greater portion of the lower lobe of this lung, as well as a very con-
siderable part of the upper, is occupied with this matter; the opposite
lung is comparatively healthy, a few tuberculous deposits being observed at its
root and apex, and also in the lower lobe, which is somewhat congested. Several
of the bronchial glands are enlarged, one of them measuring fourteen lines in
length. Pericardium pale, containing no serosity ; coronary veins much enlarged.
Abdomen. Mucous membrane of esophagus pale, apparently healthy; the diver is
of a dark-chocolate color, and has four lobes; the second of these counting from
the right is the largest; the liver measures five and a half inches transversely,
three inches antero-posteriorly, and one and a quarter in depth; no tuber-
cles are observed in it; the gall-bladder, which lies in a sulcus upon the under
surface of the largest lobe is moderately distended with bile, tinging its parietes
a light-green color ; the spleen measures three and three quarter inches in length
by one and a half in breadth in its broadest part ; it is elongated at its right ex-
tremity, tapering almost toa point; the opposite extremity is rounded, the entire
organ presenting a somewhat triangular form; no tubercles are observed in any
part of it; its tissue is of a deep-purple color, almost black from congestion ;
the stomach measures six inches transversely, by three and a half from the
entrance of the csophagus to its greater curvature; its muscular fibres are very
apparent; the esophagus enters it about the middle of the lesser curvature ; the
mucous membrane of the stomach is of a brownish-red color near the pylorus,
elsewhere of a pale onion tint; no crypts are observable ; the pancreas measures
three inches transversley, one and a quarter in its greatest breadth near its head ;
the large intestine, including the coecum, measures two feet nine and a half

1848.) 87

inches (Fr.) in length; the cecum measures two inches five lines in length; the
mucous membrane of the large intestine is of a greenish olive tint throughout ;
the isolated crypts are very distinct; the small intestine measures six feet two
inches ; the mucous membrane is apparently healthy, of a pale onion tint slightly
reddened in portions ; the isolated glands are very numerous near the upper ex-
tremity of the duodenum; there are no valvulz conniventes ; eight plaques of
Peyer are counted in the ileum; the largest is about one and a half inches in
length ; the mesenteric glands are healthy ; the kidneys are of a brick-red color ;
tissue healthy ; bladder not examined.

The Committee to whom was referred the following catalogue of
Mexican Birds, reported in favor of publication.

Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. Wm. S. Pease, during the march of the Army
of the United States from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico.
By Joun Cassin.

Upon publicity being given to the fact that the Department of War of the
United States of America intended sending an expedition, to consist of both Naval
and Military forces, against the city of Vera Cruz, Mr. Wm. 8S. Pease, Member
of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, and Correspondent of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, proposed to embrace an opportunity
which would thus probably offer, of his accompanying the military force into
Mexico.

Having succeeded in effecting a suitable arrangement, Mr. Pease joined the
army under General Scott, at Vera Cruz, and continued with it until the final
evacuation of the country.

The facilities for ecllecting and for observation possessed by Mr. Pease were
necessarily of a restricted character, resulting from the position of the army
in a hostile country, and particularly so during the marches, when it
was constantly attended by bands of armed inhabitants, or guerillas,
who hovered in its vicinity for the purpose of committing depredations
upon persons who ventured away from the main body. Notwithstanding all
disadvantages, however, Mr. Pease made very interesting collections of birds,
insects and other productions of the country.

Mr. Pease represents himself as particularly indebted to Col. G. W. Hughes of
the 1st Regiment Maryland infantry, and to Otis Hoyt, M. D., Surgeon of the Mas-
sachusetts volunteers, and medical director of the general hospital at Jalapa, whose
kindness and encouraging treatment of Mr. Pease, are honorable to those gentle-
men as friends of science, and worthy of the character of American officers.

1. Spizaétus tyrannus, (De Wied) Pl. col. 73.

From the neighborhood of Perote ;—an adult female.

2. Herpetotheres cachinnans, (Linn.) Viell. Gal. 19.
3. Falco sparverius, Linn. Aud. Birds of Am. pl. 42.

Mr. Pease observes: “‘ Only found about the upper part of the tierra templada,
very common.”

4. Astur nitidus, (Lath.)'Pl. col. 87.
5. Micrastur guerilla, nobis (n. s.)

88 ([OcroBsR,

Adult 9 ?.—Entire upper surface of the body, head, wings and tail, hair
brown, a shade darker on the head. Feathers on the cheek and jaw, brown,
which color forms a partial collar on the front of the neck.

Throat, fore neck, abdomen and under tail coverts, white, with a few brown
spots or bars on the latter.

Neck encircled by a narrow band of white, all the feathers of which are tipped
or edged with brown.

Breast, flanks and thighs, white, every feather having about three bands of the
same brown as the back.

Edge of the wing at the flexure and inner wing coverts, white; many of the
feathers with lunated spots of brown. All the quill feathers with broad white
bars on their inner webs; fifth primary longest.

Upper tail coverts spotted with white. Tail with four or five narrow white
bars, and tipped with white.

Total length of skin, from tip of bill to end of tail, about 15 inches, wing 7,
tail 64 inches.

Young 9 ?—Under parts tinged with fulvous or buff. Breast, flanks and
thighs with the bands much narrower, and the throat with a more decided
brown collar.

Feathers of the back and wing coverts, with ferruginous and white spots.
Upper tail coverts with the white markings more numerous.

Superciliary feathers white, tipped with brown.

Total length of skin, from tip of bill to end of tail, about 14 inches, wing 64,
tail 6 inches.

Hab. Near Jalapa, Mexico.

This species considerably resembles some stages of plumage of the Mf. xaniho-
thorax (Cuv.) and the M. lewcauchen, (Temm.) PI. col. 92, 306, (which are pro-
bably identical.) It may readily be distinguished from either of those by the
entire absence of the rufous chesnut color of the breast and back, and by the
much broader, and lesser number of the bands upon the under surface of the
body.

In the species now described, the character of the white markings of the tail is
also different from that of M. zanthothoraz or of leucauchen, and more approaches
that of the larger species, M. brachyterus, (Cuv.) These markings are broad and
truncated at the shaft of the feather, instead of ending acutely and forming tri-
angles, as in those species.

Two specimens (SandQ.?) were brought by Mr. Pease; a third speci-
men of the same species, in more adult plumage, was previously received from
Paris, in the collection made by Mr. Edward Wilson.

6. Aceipiter fuscus, (Gm.) Falco velox, Wilson, Am. Orn. 45, 46.

Near Jalapa all the year. The two specimens (nearly gant and young. )
brought by Mr. Pease, are perfectly similar to others obtained in the vicinity
of this city. In both specimens the tail is quite even, in which respect they
differ from Mr. Swainson’'s description of A. Mezicanus.

7. Accipiter Cooperi, (Bonap.) Aud. Birds Am. pl. 36, 141.

A young male from near Jalapa.

Dr. Kaup, in the Isis, 1847, page 178, and Mr. Gray, in List of specimens of
Birds-in the British Museum, give Accipiter Cooperi (Bonap.) as a synonyme for

1848.] 8g

Accipiter pileatus (De Wied) PI. col. 205. This is not correct, as may readily
be ascertained by reference to numerous specimens of both those species in
the collection of this Academy.

In fact but a small degree of resemblance exists between any age or sex of
the two species, so far as Ihave seen. The A. Cooperi, is much the larger, nor
have I ever seen a specimen of this species assuming plumage at all approaching
that represented in Pl. col. 205.

8. Circus cyaneus, (Linn.)

Young birds from near Jalapa.

9. Ephialtes atricapilla, (Natt.) Pl. col. 145.
10. Syrnium ?

A species to which I am not at present prepared to attach a specific name.
I have reason to suppose that it is one of the species which Mr. Gray has named
in his List of the Rapacious birds in the British Museum, of which no description
has come under my notice, if published.

11. Nyctidromus Derbyanus, Gould. Icon. Av. ii. pl. 2.

A young bird from the neighbourhood of Jalapa, where it lives all the year.
12. Momotus brasiliensis, (Lath.)

Near Jalapa, found in thickets, iris red.

In the specimen brought by Mr. Pease, and also in two others from Mexico
in the Rivoli collection, the crown of the head is much lighter coloured than
is usual in South American specimens.

13. Trogon mexicanus, Swainson, Gould. Mon. Pl. 2.

14. Trogon exalapensis, Du Bus, Esquisses Orn. I. pl. 2.
Two males from the neighbourhood of Jalapa.

15. Trogon ambiguus ? Gould. Mon. pl. 4.

A young bird, sufficiently ambiguous at least to be referred to this species. Of
these three species, Mr. Pease has the following note: “ Live on the tierra templada
the greater part of the year, in the thickets bordering small streams, very shy,
but when alarmed flying only a short distance and endeavoring to conceal
themselves. The plumage appears to be very slightly attached to the skin, and if
you are so unfortunate as to wound a specimen, it is almost entirely lost in the
struggles of the bird.” ‘

16. Alcedo americana, Gm. pl. Enl. 591. .

Neighbourhood of Jalapa, all the year.

17. Alcedo vestita, Lesson. Traite, i. p. 242. ;

I give this name on the faith of labels attached to specimens in the Rivoli
collection, M. Lesson’s description being too short to enable me to identify the

species satisfactorily.
18. Cyanocorax ornatus, (Lesson.) Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 41.

On the sides of the mountains all the year.

19. Cyanocorax peruvianus, (Gm.) Le Vaill. Ois. de Par. 46.

The specimen brought by Mr. Pease, agrees exactly with the description of
Garrulus luxuosis, Lesson, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 100, which is also Mexican.
I can find no difference, however, between the present specimen and the young
C. peruvianus, from South America.

Mr. Pease notes: ‘This species lives on the sides of the volcanoes all the

90 [OcroBErR,

year, Mexican name, pepe verde. Very similar in its habits to the other species
brought by me, all of which are very numerous on the tierra templada, and the
hills bounding the plains of Perote and Puebla on the east.”

20. Cyanocoraz concolor, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philada., Feb. 1848.

The second specimen of this species which has fallen under my notice. It
differs in no respect from my description, except, perhaps, that the feathers of the
head are slightly elongated or subcrested.

Of this species Mr. Pease remarks: ‘Common on the hills bordering the
plains of Puebla, about Pinal and the mountains skirting the valley of Mexico
on the east; remains all the year; difference of the sexes in size alone. Iris
light brown.” '

21. Sturnella hypocrepis, Wagler. Isis, 1832, p. 281.

A species much resembling the common S. ludoviciana, but differing in several
important characters. It may easily be distinguished by its shorter and more
pointed bill, and smaller size.

This species is well described in De Sagra’s Cuba, under the name of S. ludo-
viciana.

22. Icterus melanocephalus, Wagler. Isis, 1829, p. 756.

Lcterus Audubonii, Giraud. New species of N. A. birds, 1841, (folio edition. )

Common in the neighborhood of Jalapa, and also found on the terra caliente ;
called by the Mexicans, calandria iquimite,from the name of the fruit which it “ey
feeds upon. Iris yellowish white.

23. Icterus gularis, (Licht.) Des Murs. Icon. Orn. i. pl. 9.
24. Yphantes Baltimore, (Linn.)
25. Agelaius eneus, (Licht.) Isis, 1827, p. 758.
Common in the vicinity of the Puente Nacional.
26. Guiraca ludoviciana, (Linn.)
Jalapa, in February, March, and April.
27. Guiraca cerulea, (Linn.)

Jalapa.

28. Guiraca melanocephala, Swainson. Aud. Birds of Am. 373.

Common near Jalapa, in February, March, and April.

29. Embernagra albinucha, D’Orb. et La Fres. Rey. Zool. 1838, p. 165.

Jalapa : iris light brown. i
30. Embernagra brunnei-nucha, La Fresnaye. Rey. Zool. 1839, p..97.

Jalapa ; iris brown.

31. Saltator atriceps, Lesson. Gervais. Atl. de Zool. pl. 28.

On the hills near Jalapa, in December, January and February. Iris light brown.
32. Saltator rubicus, Viell. T. flammiceps, Temm. Pl. col. 177.

On the hills at the foot of Perote, living in thickets.

33. Tanagra vicarius, Lesson. Cent. Zool. 68.

lris light brown ; on the hills at the foot of the volcanoes.
34. Pyranga estiva, (Gm.)

Near Jalapa,

35. Euphonia elegantissima, Bonaparte. Du Bus, Esq. Orn. pl. 8,

Neighborhood of Jalapa, in February, March and April.

OO — eee ee

1848.] 91

36. Euphonia oceipitalis, Du Bus. Esqu. Orn. part iii, pl. 14.

It is the female of this beautiful species, which is described and figured by
M. Du Bus. The male is as follows:

Above, glossy parrot-like green, which is also the colour of the throat to the
breast, where it is terminated by a narrow crescent of glossy chesnut brown.
Breast, middle of the abdomen and under tail coverts, yellow. Flanks green.
Occipital spot and semicollar on the front of the neck pale blue.

According to Mr. Pease, this species is found among low thickets, in ravines,
at the foot of the mountains, from October to February; not common. Mexican
name, ysabelita.

37. Tiaris olivaceus, (Linn.) Lath. Gen. Hist. v. p. 340.

Emberiza olivacea, Linn, Tiaris pusillus, Swainson.

Near Jalapa; iris nearly black.

48. Tiaris nitens, (Linn.)

Near Quarterpec , not common: iris nearly black.

39. Carduelis magellanicus, (Viell.) Aud. Birds of America, 394.
40. Pteroglossus prasinus, Licht. Gould, Mon. pl. 18.

Neighbourhood of Jalapa, during April, May, and June; iris chocolate colour.
41. Crotophaga sulcirostra, Swainson. Gervais, Atlas de Zool., pl. 17.

Male and female very similar in plumage; from the Puente Nacional, where,
according to Mr. Pease, this species is numerous, flying in flocks; iris white.
42. Piaya cayana, (Linn.)

Mr. Pease’s specimens are precisely similar to specimens from South America.
43. Picus varius, Linn.

Common on the lower part of the tierra caliente all the year.

44, Melanerpes formicivorus, Swainson. Pl. col. 451.

Upper part of the terra caliente, and as far as the foot of the mountains; feeds

on high trees; iris white ; sexes similar.
45. Centurus subelegans, (Bonaparte.)
On the terra caliente, and the hills above, all the year; sexes similar.

[To be continued. |

The Committee on the following paper by Mr. Pease reported in
favor of publication.

Observations on the Geology and Natural History of Mexico.
By Wm. H. Prase.

Having noticed among the published correspondence from the army in Mexico,
but little information respecting the natural features of that country, I take the
liberty of presenting to the Academy the result of a few hasty observations
made on a part of the route from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico. But few op-
portunities for scientific investigations were afforded to those connected with the
army, on account of the active operations they were incessantly engaged in, from
the time of leaving the coast until the return of the army. I was enabled, how-

92 - [Ocrober,

ever, principally in company with scouting parties, to visit that part of the country
between the range of volcanoes, bounding the plains of Perote and Puebla on the
east, and the Gulph of Mexico, comprising the greater part of the State of Vera
Cruz, and to make some collections in Natural History.

The general outlines of the country I presume it is unnecessary for me to
detail. The plains of Cuetlachlan, or the tierra calien(e, as they are more usually
called, comprise that region of country bordering the Gulph of Mexico. They
are about twenty-five miles in width, extending back to the Plan del Rio by a
gradual ascent of thirty feet per mile, with but few elevations or depressions,
except at the river Antigua, and other small streams which pass through them in
a north easterly direction. Beyond the Plan del Rio the ascent increases over a
regular succession of hills and plains, until you reach the foot of the range of
mountains in which the peaks of Orizaba, Perote and others are situated. This
range forms the rim or eastern boundary of the plains of Anahuac, which are
more commonly known as the tierra templada, and are about thirty-five miles in
width. The sides and top of this mountain range are called the terra fria,
immediately beyond which lie the great table lands of Mexico.

The table lands extend, with little or no variation in their general level, to the
Cordilleras bordering the Pacific Ocean, though they are divided into several
plains by ranges of voleanoes and porphyritic rocks.

The tierra caliente is bordered on the Gulph of Mexico by low sand hills,
from four to six miles in width, not bare as has been represented, but covered
with a thick chapparel, or thicket of Cacti and thorn bushes, to within reach of
the water. Great numbers of fresh water and land shells are found on these hills
and on the beach, thrown up from the Gulph, which may be referred to a living
species.

After passing these hills a few miles, I noticed at one locality a layer of lime-
stone. It is covered by a coarse conglomerate of volcanic and porphyritic rocke,
which extends over the whole upper part of the éierra caliente, rendering the
surface rough and stony. At the Puenta Nacional it is exposed to the depth of
two hundred feet, interstratified irregularly with veins of finesandstone. Deep
gullies are worn through it to the rivers, by the drainage of the plains during the
wet season. The rivers are the only source of irrigation, receiving no supplies
in their course from the mountains to the coast.

The greater part of the plains is covered with a dense growth of vegetation,
so thick that it would seem almost impossible for the soil to support more, and
the trees and bushes are loaded with an innumerable variety of parasitical piants
and vines, interlacing and binding them together, in such a manner as to render
them absolutely impenetrable. On other parts, particularly between the con-
glomerate and the coast, the chapparel is more open, dotted with clumps of low
dwarfish trees and Cacti, and affords grazing to herds of half wild cattle,in which
the property of the inhabitants principally consists. To the south of Vera Craz
the cultivation of cotton has been introduced ; it is of white fine quality, but
perhaps for want of proper cultivation the staple is very short, so that when
worked it requires to be mixed with other varieties.

The inhabitants live mostly on the small bottom lands of the rivers, their
crops consisting of corn, chili and frijoles. They are a puny and sickly’ peo-
ple, being subject to intermittent and typhoid fevers, during the months after
the close of the wet season. Though the temperature at the Puenta Nacional,

ee aa

1848.] 98

in the months of September, October and November, averaged 80° at 3 P. M.
with little variation, the atmosphere was so loaded with moisture that it was im-
possible to keep our fighting tools free from rust for twenty-four hours at atime,
protect them as we might.

The animals met with at the Puenta Nacional and on the tierra caliente, are
for the greater part common to Texas and the north; the common deer is
_ abundant, though of small size; the red fox, the prairie wolf, and the spotted
tiger cat are frequently met with, and the Puma also, though more frequently in
the mountains above. Reptiles are exceedingly numerous, though of few species.
The royal Iguano, as it is called, is found in the cliffs bordering the river Antigua,
and grows to a very large size; one killed by a Mexican measuring nine feet
in length. The flesh of this species, as well as that of others, is considered quite
a delicacy by the inhabitants. I observed a curious habit of a species of lizard,
which has not been noticed before to my knowledge ; it is that of passing over
the water in an erect position, resting on its hinder parts, and propelling itself
by its hind feet, its tail lying horizontally on the water, acting as a rudder. In
the San Juan and Antigua rivers I noticedan alligator which appeared to be dif-
ferent from our common species ; the young, a specimen of which I caught, is
entirely black, without the usual yellow markings on its back.

Land and fresh water shells are scarce; the beds of the streams being very
stony ; nearer the coast, however, they may perhaps be more abundant. After
passing the tierra caliente, the ascent increases over the tierra templada, as above
stated, to the foot of the mountains. The whole of the surface of this part of the
country is much broken by low ranges of volcanic hills and deep ravines or
barrancas, as they are called, of two to five hundred feet in depth, which run,
commonly, at right angles from the mountain chain above. The city of Jalapa
derives its name from that of an ancient Indian village a few leagues distant, and
signifies ‘“‘ built among barrancas.”

Most of the hills are of volcanic formation, though they are not all so, as I have
seen stated. The limestone shows itself in the valleys at the foot of the moun-
tains, and in the barrancas, when of sufficient width. Itis, of course, very much
altered from its connection with the volcanic rock, being uncrystallized and
whitened. It is not fossiliferous, and, as far as I noticed, unstratified. At Quar-
terpec, a few leagues south of Jalapa, and at other places, it is burnt by the In-
dians, and the lime is sold in the neighbouring towns and cities.

The soil of the valleys is rich, and under cultivation produces during the whole
year, rice, coffee, tobacco, sugar cane, corn and other vegetable productions,
fruit, &c., of both tropical and temperate climes, in great abundance. The ave-
rage of temperature I should place lower than Humboldt. During the months
of January and February, there were several nights of severe frosts in the
neighborhood of Jalapa and below, which stripped the treeson the hills of their
foliage, but I was told it was of very unusual occurrence.

Every one who has visited this country must agree with Humboldt, that the
region comprising the tierra templada and the eastern slope of the mountains
above, is “one of the most beautiful and picturesque in the world.” No other
part of the world, perhaps, can present scenery of such sublime and picturesque
beauty. When travelling over the rough and barren hills, strewn with volcanic
rocks, the scene is suddenly changed by coming upon the edge of a barranca or
ravine, its bottom lands several hundred feet below you, highly cultivated in

?

o4 [Ocronzr,

fields of sugar cane, corn, &c., dotted with the straw-thatched cottages of the
Indians, and presenting a most perfect panorama or picture of nature’s own paint-
ing, enclosed, as it were, in a frame of black and jagged rocks, which form its
perpendicular sides, without a vestige of vegetation growing upon them. Far
off below, lays stretched out the tierra caliente, having the appearance of an

immense park, bounded on the horizon by the Gulf; and yet, elevated as your °

position seems to be, on turning to look in the opposite direction, Orizaba, with
its silvery cap of eternal snow, and the base and rocky peak of Perote, still
stand above you cight or nine thousand feet.

In addition to the animals on the tierra caliente, I noticed the raccoon, the
opossum, the bassaris astuta, or ring-tailed weasel, as it is called by the Mexi-
cans, and several species of deer. I noticed also a porcupine, which struck me
as different from the common tad The puma and jaguar are also met with
in the mountains.

The mammalia of this part of Mexico seem to be identical with, or nearly allied
to, more northern species, while the birds for the greater part are found also much
farther south. Lizards are less numerous, but snakes more so thanon the tierra
caliente. The plants I should think more characteristic than either mammalia
or birds, and present a rich field for investigation.

The two species of Jalapa root are collected in small quantities, only on the
sides of the mountains by the Indians, the greater part exported being brought
from the north and west of the city of Mexico.

In the neighbourhood of Jalapa, and on the road passing over the mountains,
I noticed several beds and hills of sand, in some of which are deposits of the
sulphate of lime, finely crystallized in the form of sand. Iwas told by the
Mexicans that they had dug up here young clams, perhaps cyclas. I mention
this fact in confirmation of my opinion that the plains of Anahuac above, or of
Perote and Puebla, as they may be called, have been drained by one of the many
revolutions (geological, not political,) which this country has passed through.

The eastern part of the plains above, for the distance of twelve or fifteen miles,
is sandy ; beyond are salt beds and soda. In many localities, at the depth of ten
or twelve feet, I saw fossil fresh water shells of the genera Planorbis, Lymnea,
Physa, and others, which it is reasonable to suppose once lived at the bottom
of lakes which covered these plains, as well as that of the valley of Mexico.

The volcanic mountains which form the boundaries to the plains, are flanked
by ranges of limestone hills, similar in character to those below on the tierra
templada. Undoubtedly the range which bounds the plains of Anahuac to the
east, is very rich in mineral treasure, as specimens of silver ore are frequently
brought in by the Indians, but they, like those of Peru, conceal their knowledge
of the localities with the utmost care. About three leagues from Perote Isaw a
vein of sulphuret of silver three feet in width, associated with blende and sulphate
of copper.

1848.] 95

Catalogue of the Tertiary Testacea of the United States.
By Henry C. Lza.

The following list is intended as a mere mechanical assistance to the student of
our Tertiary Testacea. The descriptions of these species are scattered through
the Transactions of learned Societies, Scientific Journals, Pamphlets, and other
publications difficult of access, presenting a serious obstacle to any one endea-
voring to identify specimens. Labouring under this difficulty myself, I pre-
pared this catalogue, and from my experience of its convenience, I presume that
it may be found of assistance to others. I have endeavoured to introduce the
recent shells which have been observed in a fossil state, as far as I have seen
them noted, but as no regular record has been kept of them, J fear that in that
particular, especially, this list may be found imperfect. I have not attempted to
determine the conflicting synonymes, either generic or specific. but have merely
given the names with a reference to the publications in which they are alluded
to or described.

REFERENCES.

Jour. Acad.—Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of pcres ciate

Pro. Acad.—Proceedings ** U Ee Lie
Sil. Jour.—Silliman’s American Journal of Science and Arts.

Gh «cen. Ge Shit 6s “ Ce “New Series, (commenced in 1846.)
Trans. Phil—Transactions of the American Philosophical Society.
Trans. Geol.—Transactions of the Geological Society of Pennsylvania.

Bost. Jour.—-Boston Journal of Natural History.

Nat. Inst.—Bulletin of the National Institution.

Cont. Geol.—Contributions to Geology, by Isaac Lea.

TVert. Foss.—Fossil Shells of the Tertiary Formations of North America, by T. A. Conrad.
Med. Tert.—F ossil Shells from the Medial Tertiary of the United States, by T. A. Conrad.

CATALOGUE

A. pygmeus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
sculptus, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
simplex, H. C. Lea, “ “
striatus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
turbinatus, H. C. Lea, Trans.

ACTEON.

A. Andersoni, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
angulatus, H.C. Lea,Trans. Phil. ix.
costellatus, Con., Tert. Foss.
elevatus, Lea, Cont. Geol.

glans., H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix. Phil. ix.

globosus, H. C. Lea, “ “6 ’ ALIGENA. wal
granulatus, H. C. Lea, < A. levis, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
idoneus, Con., Tert. Foss. striata, H. C. Lea, “ “«
levis, H. C. Lea, Sil. Journ. xl. AMPHIDESMA.

lineatus, Lea, Cont. Geol.

magnoplicatus, H. C. Lea,
Journal, xl.

melanellus, Lea, Cont. Geol.

melanoides, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.

milium, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

Sil.

nitens, H. C. Lea, “ roe cc
novellus, Con., Jour. Acad. Vii.
ovoides, Con., “vi.

pomilius, Con., Tert. Foss.
punctatus, Lea, Cont. Geol.

A. equale, Say, Sil. Jour. xli.
zquatum, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
bellastriatum,Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2
carinatum, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
constrictum, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
inequale, Say, Jour. Acad. vii.
linosum, Con., Tert. Foss.
Mississippiense,Con., Pro, Acadelii.
nuculoide, Con., Sil. Jour. xli,
protextum, Con., cc
subobliquum, Opa amet

96

A.

. altilis, Con., Tert. Foss.

. gigantea, Lea, Cont. Geol.
“ce

. ephippium, Linn., Jour. Acad. vii.

subovatum, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
subreflexum,Ccn., “ Vil.
tellinula, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N.S. |
transversum, Say, ‘£ XxXviil. |

J
AMPULLARIA:«

. perovata, Con., Pro. Acad. iii. |

ANATINA+
antiqua, Con , Jour. Acad. vii.
Claibornensis, Lea, Cont. Geol.

tellinoides, H. C. Lea, Trans.
Phil. ix.
ANCILLARIA.

lymneoides, Con., §°
scamba,Con., ‘ &
staminea, Con.,
subglobosa, Con.,

tenera, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.

ANOLAXe
plicata, Lea, “*

ANGULNELLA.
Virginiana, Con., Med. Tert.
ornata, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N. S.

ANOMIA.

jugosa, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

Ruffini, Con., &e
ARCA.

equicostata, Con., Med. Tert.

arata, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.

brevidesma, Con., Med. Tert.

buccula, Con., oG 6
celata, Con., sé 66
“ “e

callipleura, Con.,
centenaria, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
cuculloides, Con., Tert. Foss.
depleura, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
idonea, Con., Tert. Foss.
imprecera, Con., Med. Tert.
incile, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.

lienosa, Say, Sil. Jour. xli.

limula, Con., Tert. Foss.

lineolata, Con., Med. Tert.
maxillata, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
Mississippiensis,Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
pexata, Say, Sil. Jour. xxiii.
plicatura, Con., Med. Tert.
ponderosa, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
propatula, Con., Med. Tert.
protracta, Rogers, Trans. Phil. v.
rhomboidella, Lea, Cont. Geol.
scalaris, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
staminea, Say, Med. Tert.
stillicidium, Con., Tert. Foss.
subrostrata, Con., Jour. Acad. viii.
subsinuata, Con., Med. Tert.
transversa, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
triquetra, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

A.

B.

B.

(OcronEr,

ARTEMIS.

| A. acetabulum, Con., Tert. Foss.

concentrica, Born, Jour. Acad. vii.

elegans, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
ASTARTE.

abbreviata, Con., Med. Tert.

arata, Con., “ “

callosa, Con., Tert. Foss.

Coheni, Con., Med. Tert.

concentrica, Con., Jour. Acad, viii.

cuneiformis, Con., Med. Tert.

exaltata, Con., Jour. Acad. viil-

lineolata, H.C. Lea,Trans., Phil. ix.

lunulata, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.

lyrata, Sil. Jour. xi.

minor, Lea, Cont. Geol.

minutissima, Lea, ‘*<

Nicklinii, Lea, se

obruta, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.

parva, Lea, Cont. Geol.

perplana, Con., Med. Tert.

planulata, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.

proruta, Con., Tert. Foss.

radians, Con., Med. Tert.

recurva, Lea, Cont. Geol.

suleata, Lea, &< ‘

symmetrica, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.

tellinoides, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.

-undulata, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.

ungulina, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.

varians, Con., Jour. Acad. viii.

vacina, Say, Jour. Acad. vii.
AVICULA.

argentea, Con., Pro. Acad. ili.

Claibornensis, Lea, Cont. Geol.

limula, Con., Tert. Foss.

multangula, H. C. Lea,

Phil. ix.

trigona, Lam., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
BavLanus.

Finchii, Lea, Cont. Geol.

humilis, Con., Sil. Jour. ii. N. S.

incile, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.

ovularis, Lam., Sil. Jour. xli.

peregrinus, Morton, Jour. Acad. vii.

Trans.

Proteus, Con., ێ So) il,
tintinnabulum, (7?) Lam. “© ~~ vi.
BoNELLIA.

lineata, Con., Jour. Acad. viii.
terebellata, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
BrecinuM.

altile, Con., Tert. Foss.

ameenum, Con., *€

aratum, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.

avarum, Con., Sil. Jour. xxviii.

bilix, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

filicatum, Con., “ se

fossulatum, Con., 6

frumentum, H. C. Lea, Trans.
Phil. ix.

a

se .

1848,]

B. harpuloide, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

B. acuminata, Sow

integrum, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
interruptum, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
jaqueatum, Con., Tert. Foss.
lienosum, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
Junatum, Say, Sil Jour. xli.
Mississippiense,Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
multirugatum, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
obsoletum, Say, “c ee
quadratum, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
quadrulatum, H. C. Lea, Trans.
Phil. ix
parvum, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.
perlatum, Con., Tert. Foss.
porcinum, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
preruptum, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
prorsum, Con., Tert. Foss.
protractum, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
pusillum, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
sagenum, Con., Tert. Foss.
Sowerbii, Lea. Cont. Geol.
sexdentatum, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
trivittatum, Say, Jour. Acad. vi.
Tuomeyi, 4.C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
Busimus.
Floridanus, Con., Sil. Jour. ii. N.S.
Butta.
., Jour. Acad. Vi. |
crassiplica, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.

cylindrus, H. C. Lea, Trans.
Phil. ix.
Dekayi, Lea, Cont. Geol.

occulta, Mighels, Bost. Jour. iv.

petrosa, Con., Sil. Jour. ii. N. S.

St. Hillairii, Lea, Cont. Geol.

subpissa, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
BuLiina.

canaliculata, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
BYssoaRCa.

- cuculloides, Con., Sil. Jour.i. N.S.

.

.

lima, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
Marilandica, Con., Med. Tert.
Mississippiensis,Con.,Pro. Acad. iil.
protracta, Con., Sere eee EC
Byssomya.
petricoloides, Lea, Cont. Geol.
CaLYPTREA.
costata, Say, Sil. Jour. ii.
corruyata, Brod., * i. N.S.
grandis, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
pileolus, H. C. Tea, Trans. Phil. ix.
rugosa, Brod., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
trochiformis, Lam. Nat. Inst. No. 2.
CaNncELLARIA.
alternata, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
alveata, Con., Tert. Foss.
babylonica, Lea, Cont. Geol.
biplicifera, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
corbula, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

C.
ic

97

. costata, Lea, Cont. Geol.

elevata, Lea, << &¢

engonata, Con., Jour. Acad. Vili.
funerata, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
gemmata, Con., Tert. Foss.
lunata. Con., Jour. Acad. vie
Mississippiensis,Con.,Pro. Acad. iii.
multiplicata, Lea, Cont. Geo.
parva, Lea, £ “6
perspectiva, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
plagiostoma, Con., * “ “<
plicata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
pulcherrima, H.C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.
sculptura, Lea, Cont. Geol.
tesselata, Lea, ¢ “6

Caputus.
lugubris, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
CarpiTa.
abbreviata, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
alticosta‘a, Con., 66 ¥xili.
bilineata, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
Blandingi, Con,, Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
Carolinensis, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
densata, Con., Fro. Acad. ii.
granulata, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
perplana, Con., “© xii.
planicosta, Lam., Tert. Foss.
subquadrata, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
tridentata, Say, Sil. Jour. xxvii.
vigintinaria, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
CaRDITAMERA.
arata, Con., Med Tert.
carinata, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
proctracta,Con., “ <“« «

Carpium,
acuti-laqueatum, Con., Med. Tert.
craticuloide, Con., “<c «6
diversum, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
eversum, Con., 6 £6) WES
glebosum, Con., ¢¢ 66k
isocardia, Lam., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
laqueatum, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
leptopleura, Con., Jour. Acad. viii.
magnum, Born, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
Nicoletti, Con., Jour. Acad. viii.
quadrans, Rogers, Trans. Phil. vi.
sublineatum, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
Vicksburgense, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
Virginianum, Con., Med. Tert.

CaricELLA.

. demissa, Con., Pro. Acad. iii

“cc “ce
ce

ce

doliata, Con.,

pretenuis, Con., “

pyruloides, Con.,
CassiDARIA.

C. lintea, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.

C.

Cassis.
brevicostata, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.

98

oy

C.

a

a eae

cxlata, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.

celatura, Con., Pro. Acad. ili.

Hodgii, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.

Mississippiensis, Con.,Pro.Acad. iii.

nuperus, Con., Tert. Foss.

Tatii, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.

Cremoria.

oblonga, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

CERITHEUM.

. bicostellatum, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.

Carolinense, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
clavulus, H.C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
curtum,H.C.Lea, * “6
dedaleum, H.C. Lea, ¢¢ se
dislocatum, Say, Jour. Acad. vii.
moniliferum, H. C. Lea,Trans. Phil.
Ix.
nassula, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
siliceum, Con., Pro. Acad. iil.
solitarium, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
striatum, Lea, Cont. Geol.
unilineatum, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
CHaMa.

. arcinella, Lam., Sil. Jour. xxviii.

ec XXiil.

congregata, Con., ‘ Z ;
‘

corticosa, Con., *
Mississippiensis,Con. Pro. Acad. iii.
CHENOPOS.
liratus, Con., Pro. Acad. iil.
Cuiron.
transenna, H.C. Lea,Trans. Phil. ix.
CLATHRODON.

. cuneatus, Gray, Jour. Acad. vi.

Conus.
adversarius, Con., Sil. Jour. xxix.
Claibornensis, Lea, Cont. Geol.
diluvianus, Green, Nat. Inst. No. 2.
gyratus, Mortan, Jour. Acad. viii.
parvus, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.
sauridens, Con., Tert. Foss.

Corsis.
distans, Con., Tert. Foss.
lamellosa, Lam., cc

staminea, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
undata, Con., Tert. Foss.
Corsuta.

. Alabamiensis, Lea, Cont. Geol.

alta, Con., Pro. Acad. iil.
compressa, Lea, Cont. Geol.
contracta, Say, Jour. Acad. vii.
cuneata, Say, “ SCL
elevata, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
elongata, Con., Pro, Acad. iii.
engonata, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
gibbosa, Lea, Cont. Geol.
idonea, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
inaequalis, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
intastriata, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
Murchisoniana, Lea, Cont. Geol.
nasuta, Conn., Tert. Foss.

C.

‘Cs.

[OcroBER,

onicus, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
ORASSATELLA.

aleformis, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.

alta, Conn., Tert. Foss.

capri-cranium, Rogers, Trans. Phil.

vi.
Marilandica, Con., Tert. Foss.
melina, Con., sc sé

Mississippiensis,Con.,Pro.Acad. ill.
palmula, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
protexta, Con., Tert. Foss.
rhomboidea, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
turgidula, Con., Pro. Acad. 1.
undulata, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
Crepipura.
convexa, Say, Sil. Jour. xxvili.
cornu arietis, Lea, Cont. Geol.
cornucopia, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil-
ix.
costata, Morton, Jour. Acad. vi.
cymbezformis, Con,, Pro. Acad. ii.
densata, Con., “6 Kho ie
dumosa, Con., Jour. Acad. vil.
fornicata, Say, Sil. Jour. xli.
glauca, Say, ‘© XXViile
lamina, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
lirata, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
plana, Say, “ “© xxviii,
ponderosa, H.C. Lea,Trans.Phil. ix.
spinosa, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
unguiformis, Lam., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
CRISTELLARIA.
rotella, Con., Sil. Jour. ii. N.S.
CryprosToma.
perspectivum, Say, Nat. Inst. No. 2.
CucuLLza.
gigantea, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
onochela, Rogers, Trans. Phil. vi.
transversa, Rogers, ‘ 6
CULTELLUs.
Caribeus, Linn., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
CumInetia.
tellinoides, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
Cyprma.
Carolinensis, Con., Sil. Jour. xll.
lintea, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
spheroides, Con., * Se
CypricaRpIia.

C. arata, Con., Tert. Foss.

Cyrena.

Carolinensis, Bosc., Sil. Jour. xxviii.
densata, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

CyTHEREA.
equorea, Con., Tert. Foss.
albaria, Say, Am. Con.
astarteformis, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
Carolinensis, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
comis, Lea, Cont. Geol.
concentrica, Born, Jour. Acad. iv.
convexa, Say, éc eC Ike

—

1848.]

C.

-

- dentale, Lam.

discoidalis, Con., Tert. Foss.
elevata, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
elevata, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
erycinoides, Lam., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
eversa, Con. Pro. Acad. il.
Floridana, Con., Sil. Jour. ii. N.S.
gigantea, Lam., Jour. Acad. vii.
globosa, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Hydiana, Con., Tert. Foss.

Hydii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
imitabilis, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
lenticularis, Con., Trans. Phil. vi.
liciata, Con., Pro. Acad. ii.
Marilandica, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
metastriata, Con., Med. Tert.
minima, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Mississippiensis,Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
Mortoni, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
Nuttalli, Con., és &
obovata, Con., &e &
ovata, Rogers, Trans. Phil. v.
pandata, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
perbrevis, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
perovata, Con., Tert. Foss.
Poulsoni, Con., « “

pyga, Con., Pro. Acad. ii.

reposta, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
Sayana, Con., Sil. Jour. xxviii.
semipunctata, Con., Jour. i. N.S.
sobrina, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
spherica, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
subcrassa, Lea, Cont. Geol.
subimpressa, Con., Pro. Acad. ii.
subnasuta, Con. Jour. Acad. viii.
trigoniata, Lea, Cont. Geol.

DELPHINULA.

aperta, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
arenosa, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
concava, H.C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
costulata, H.C. Lea, « 6
depressa, Lea, Cont. Geol.
globulus, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
lipara, H. C. Lea, Cf come ce
lyra, Con. Jour. Acad. vii.
naticoides, H.C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
obliquéstriata, H.C. Lea, «* «* «
plana, Lea, Cont. Geol.
trochiformis, H. C. Lea, Trans.

Phil. ix.

DENTALIUM.

alternatum, Lea, Cont. Geol.
arciforme, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
attenuatum, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
coarctatum, Lam., Sil. Jour.i. N.S.
ce «“e Ee
Mississippiense, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
thalloide, Con., Tert. Foss.
thallus, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
turritum, Lea, Cont. Geol.

D.
D.

99
DIPLoponta.
Americana, De France, Sil. Jour.xli.
Disporma.

constricta, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
corrugata, Brod., Sil. Jour. i. N. S.
costata, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
dumosa, ©on., Sil. Jour. xli.
grandis, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
multilineata, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
ramosa, Con., Jour. Acad. viii.
rugosa, Brod., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
Donax.
funerata, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
limatula, Con., Tert. Foss..
EGeErIa.
Bucklandi, Lea, Cont. Geol.
inflata, Lea, “ce &<
nana, Lea, 66
nitens, Lea, CE
ovalis, Lea,
plana, Lea,
rotunda, Lea,
subtrigona, Lea,
triangulata, Lea,
veneriformis, Lea,*é
Ecpuora.
quadricostatus, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
EMARGINULA.

¢
¢¢
6e
ee
ce
ce

E. arata, Con., Tert. Foss.

F.

14

ERYCINA.
zequorea, Con., Tert. Foss.
rectilinearis, Con., Tert. Foss.
ERyYcINELLA.

- ovalis, Con., Med. ‘Vert.

Evita.

eborea, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
migrans, Con., ¢€ SSCs

FASCIOLARIA.
elevata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Lamberti, Sow., Jour. Acad. vi.
mutabilis, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
parvula, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
plicata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
rhomboidea, Rogers, Trans. Phil. vi.

Ficus. é

Mississippiensis,Con., Pro. Acad. iii:

FIssuRELLA.
alticosta, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
catilliformis, Rogers, Trans. Phil. v.
Claibornensis, Lea, Cont. Geol.
greca, Lam., Jour. Acad. vi.
Griscomi, Con., ‘* es
Marilandica, Con., 6e
Mississippiensis,Con., Pro. Acad.iii.
nassula, Con., Med. Tert.
redimicula, Say, Jour. Acad. iy.
tenebrosa, Con., Tert. Foss.

FistuLana.
elongata, Desh., Nat. Inst., No. 2.
larva, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.

ce

100

F.

F.

- oroatus, Lea,

FuLGoraria.

Mississippiensis,Con.,Pro. Acad. iii.
FunGcur.
canaliculatus, Linn., Jour. Acad. iv.
carica, Gmel.
contrarius, Sil. Jour. xxxix.
coronatus, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
excavatus, Sil. Jour. xxxix.
fusiformis, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
incilis, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
maximus, Be yny 6 xi.
perversus, Lam., ¢ «6
rugosus, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
tuberculatus, (on., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
Fusus. :

acutus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
altilis, Con., Tert. Foss.
anomalus,H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
bicarinatus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
bellus, Con., Tert. Foss.
(?) cannabinus, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
cinereus, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
Cony beari, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Cooperi, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
crebrissimus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
decisus, Con., Tert. Foss.
decussatus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Delabechii, Lea, * “
devexus, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
errans, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
exilis, Con., Tert. Foss.
explicatus, Con., Tert. Foss.
Fittonii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
inauratus, Con., Tert. Foss.
irrasus, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
limulus, Con., Tert. Foss.
longevus, Lam., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
magnocostatus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
migrans, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
minor, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Mississippieusis,Con,, Pro. Acad. iii.
Mortoni, Lea, Cont. Geol.
nanus, Lea, cs és
«e ce
pachyleurus, Con., Jour. Acad. viii.
papillatus, Con., Tert. Foss.
parilis, Con., 6 «
parvus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
perlatus, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N. S.
prorutus, Con-, Tert. Foss.
proscissus, Con., Tert. Foss.
protextus, Con., <¢ <
pulcher, Lea, Cont. Geol.
pumilis, Lea, ce
pygmzus, H.C. Lea,Trans. Phil. xi.
quadricostatus, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
ranelloides, Con., Tert. Foss.
raphanoides, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
rusticus, Con., Ks “é vi.
salebrosus, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.

(\F.

G

1G.

iL.

[OcropEr,

sexangulus, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
spiniger, Con., Pro. Acad. ili.
stamineus, Con., Tert. Foss,
strumosus, Con., §° 6¢
sulcosus, Con., és 6¢
symmetricus, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
Taitii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
tetricus, Con., Tert. Foss.
thalloides, Con., ¢ 6s
thoracicus, Von., * «
trabeatus, Con., *
trossulus, Con.,
veoustus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Vicksburgensis,Con., Pro. Acad. iil.
GasTROCHANA.
ligula, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
GNATHADON.
cuneatus, Gray, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
Grayi, Con., a6 ‘© XxXxXviil.
minor, Con., ¢ «6 xii.
GRATELUPIA.
Moulinsii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
GRYPHEA.
vomer, Morton, Jour. Acad. vi.
HIATELLA.
lancea, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
Hippaaus.
isocardiodes, Lea, Cont. Geol.
e Hipponix.
pygmeus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
INFUNDIBULUM.
carinatum, Con., Pro. Acad, iii.
centrale, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
concentricum, H. C. Lea, Trans.
Phil. ix.
gyrinum, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
perarmatum, Con.,“* “ viii.
trochiforme, Lea, Cont. Geol.
urticosum, Con., Tert. Foss.
IsocaRDIA.
fraterna, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
Markoéi, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
rustica, Sow., Med. Tert.
Ketria.
fabagella, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
mactroides, Con., « ce 6
LEPTON.
mactroides, Con., Jour. Acad. viii.
Lima.
papyria, Con., Journ. Acad. viii.
staminea, Con., Pro. Acad. ili.
LiTHopoMus.
dactylus, Sil. Jour. i. N. 8.
Litrorina.
antiquata, Con., Tert. Foss.
LoripFs.

“
ce

Americana, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
eburnea, Con., S ae ii.
elevata, Con., 6 Fe i
turgida, Con., ss 45 ill.

1848.] 101

Lucrna. M. ponderosa, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.

L. acclinis, Con., Tert. Foss. | pretenuis, Con., Tert. Foss.
alveata, Con., ‘“ Z | pygmea, Lea, Cont. Geol.
anodonta, Say, Jour. Acad. iv. | subcuneata, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.

carinifera, Con., Tert. Foss. | subparilis, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.

|

{

compressa, Lea, Cont. Geol. solidissima, Chem., ‘“ XXViile
contracia, Say, Jour. Acad. iv. tellinoides, Con., « “

cornuta, Lea, Cont. Geol. triquetra, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

crenulata, Con., Sil. Jour. xli. MarGinewya.

cribraria, Say, Jour. Acad. iv. M. anatina, Lea, Cont. Geol.
divaricata, Lam., “ Sy biplicata, Lea, ‘“ “6

dolabra, Con., Tert. Foss. columba, Lea, ¢¢ 6

Foremani, Con., Jour. Acad. viii. conulus, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
impressa, Lea, Cont. Geol. erassilabra, Con., Tert. Foss.
Jamaicensis, Lam., Sil. Jour. i. N.S. | crassilabra, Lea, Cont. Geol.
lens, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix. denticulata, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
lunata, Lea, Cont. Geol. eburneola, Con., “ Vii.
metastriata, Con., Med. Geol. exilis, H..C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
Mississippiensis,Con., Pro. Acad.iii. ineurva, Lea, Cont. Geol.
modesta, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N.S. larvata, Con., Tert. Foss.
multistriata, Con., Pro. Acad. i. limatula, Con., Jour. Acad. vil.
pandata, Con., Tert. Foss. ovata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
papyracea, Lea, Cent. Geol. } plicata, Lea, ‘ 6s

perlevis, Con., Pro. Acad. iii. perexigua, Con., Jour. Acad. viii.
pomilia, Con., Tert. Foss. semen, Lea, Cont. Geol.
punctulata, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. Metania.

ix. M. vetusta, Con., Tert. Foss.
radians, Con., Sil. Jour. xli. MELONGENA.
radula,Lam., « <« i. N.S. M. alveata, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
rotunda, Lea, Cont. Geol. armigera, Con., Lert. Foss.
speciosa, Rogers, Trans. Phil. v. crassicornuta, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
squamosa, Lam., Med. Tert. Mirra.
subobliqua, Say, Jour. Acad. iv. | M. bolaris, Con., Tert. Foss.
subplanata, Con., «“ viiie | Carolinensis, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
subvexa, Con., Tert. Foss. cellulifera, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
symmetrica, Con., “ conguisita, Con., *¢ sc 86
trisuleata, Con., Sil. Jour. xli. doliata, Con., Tert. Foss.
undula, Con., Med. Tert. eburnea, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.

LuTRARIA- elegans, H. C. Lea, << <e
L. canaliculata, Say, Jour. Acad. vii. Flemingii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
lapidosa, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N.S. fusoides, Lea, ee
papyria, Con., Tert. Foss. gracilis, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.
Mactra. Humboldtii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
M. clathrodon, Lea, Cont. Geol. lineata, Lea, 66 «
clathrodonta, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii. minima, Lea, <“ ‘e
confraga, Con., 6 ec Mississippiensis,Con., Pro.Acad.ili.
congesta, Con., 6< ce pactilis, Con., Tert. Foss.
crassicens, Con., “c xii. perexilis, Con., ¢ 3
decisa, Con., Tert. Foss. staminea, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
delumbis, Con.,«* <« Vicksburgensis, Con., << st
dentata, Lea, Cont. Geol. Moptota.
fragrosa, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii. M. cretacea, Con., Trans. Geol.
funerata, Con., Pro. Acad. iii. Ducatelli, Con., Med. Tert.
grandis, Linn., Jour. Acad. vi. Mississippiensis,Con., Pro. Acad.iii.
Grayi, Lea, Cont. Geol. spingera, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil.ix.
" incrassata, Con., Med. Tert. Monoceras.
lateralis, Say, Jour. Acad. vii. M. armigerum, Con., Tert. Foss.
Mississippiensis,Con., Pro. Acad.iii. fusiforme, Lea, Cont. Geol.
modicella, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii. pyruloide, Lea, &c
parilis, Con., Tert. Foss. sulcatum, Lea, ‘“ ma

102

M. vetustum, Con., Tert. Foss.
Monoponta.
M. exoluta, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
glandula, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.

Monortyema.
M. Alabamiensis, Lea, Cont. Geol.
elegans, Lea, 6 a6
Morex.

M. acuticosta, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
alternatus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
engonatus, Con., Tert. Foss.
Mantellii, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
Mississippiensis,Con., Pro. Acad.iii.
septemnarius, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
umbrifer, Con., Tert. Foss.

Mya.

M. arenaria, Linn., Sil. Jour. xxviii.
corpulenta, Con., Med. Tert.
mercenaria, Say, Jour. Acad. vi.
prelonga, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
producta, Con., Med. Tert.
reflexa, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

Myatina.

M. subovata, Con., Med. Tert.

Myoconcua.

M. incurva, Con., Med. Tert.
Myopora.

M. arenosa, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
Myoparo.

M. costatus, Lea, Cont. Geol.

Mysia.
M. Americana, Con., Med. Tert.
nucleiformis, Wagner, Jour. Acad.
Ville
rotundata, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
Mytivus.
M. hamatus, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
inecrassatus, Con., ‘ xii.
Nanica.
N. Mississippiensis,Con., Pro. Acad.iii.
Nassa.

cancellata, Lea, Cont. Geol.

impressa, H.C. Lea, Trans. Phil.ix.

lunata, Say, Sil. Jour. i. N.S.

obsoleta, Say, « XXViil-

quadrata, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.

trivittata, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.

Natica.

ztites, Con., Tert. Foss.

aperta, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

canrena, Lam., Sil. Jour. xli.

Caroliniana, Con., « és

crassilabrum, H. C. Lea, Trans.

Phil. ix.

duplicata, Say, Sil. Jour. xli.

eborea, Con., Tert. Foss.

eminula, Con., « és

fragilis, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.

gibbosa, Lea, Cont. Geol.

heros, Say, Sil. Jour. xli.

4

Y

([OcToBER,

N. interna, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.

N

limula, Con., Tert. Foss.
magno-umbilicata, Lea, Cont. Geol.

mamma, Lea, é fe
minima, Lea, és fe
minor, Lea, 66 EF

Mississippiensis,Con., Pro. Acad.iii.
parva, Lea, Cont. Geol.
percallosa, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
perspectiva, Rogers, Trans. Phil. v.
semilunata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
spherulus,H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil.ix.
striata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Vicksburgensis, Con., Pro. Acad.iii.
NavTivopsis.

- Vanuxemi, Con., Pro. Acad. ili.

NavrTItus.
Alabamiensis, Morton, Jour. Acad.
Viii.
* Nucua.
Acuta, Con., Sil. Jour. xxviii.
acutidens,H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil.ix.
equalis, Con., Tert. Foss.
eequilatera, H. C. Lea, Trans, Phil.
ix.
antiqua, Mighels, Bost. Jour. iv.
bella, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
Brogniarti, Lea, Cont. Geol.
calcariensis, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
carinata, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
carinifera, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Carolinensis, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
celata, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
concentrica, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
cultelliformis, Rogers,Trans.Phil.iv.
diaphana, H.C. Lea, “ ie 1x.
dolabella, H.C. Lea, “ sé 6
Jacksonii, Gould, Bost. Jour. iv.
levis, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
liciata, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
limatula, Say, Sil. Jour. xxvii.
magna, Lea, Cont. Geol.
magnifica, Con., Tert. Foss.
media, Lea, Cont. Geol.
mucronata, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
obliqua, Say, Sil. Jour. ii.
opulenta, Con., Tert. Foss.
ovula, Lea, Cont. Geol.
parva, Rogers, Trans. Phil. v.
pectuncularis, Lea, Cont. Geol.
plana, Lea, x es
plicata, Lea, “3 “
Portlandica,Hitehcock, Bost. Jour.i.
proxima, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
pulcherrima, Lea, Cont. Geol.

Sedgwickii, Lea, << sé
semen, Lea, 6c ee
serica, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
subtrigona, Con., < “<

tellinula, Con., Sil. Jour. ii. N.S.

1848.]

N.
N.

O.

O.

Vicksburgensis,Con.,Pro. Acad. iii.
NuMMUvLitEs.
Floridanus, Con., Sil. Jour. ii. N.S.
Mantelli, Morton, <« Xxiil.
OposTomIA.
limnea, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
protexta, Con., « Se terse
Otiva.

Alabamensis, Con., Tert. Foss.

ancillarieformis, H. C. Lea, Trans.
Phil. ix.

bombylis, Con., Tert. Foss.

canaliculata, H. C. Lea, Trans.
Phil. ix.

Carolinensis, Nat. Inst. No. 2.

constricta, Lea, Cont. Geol.

dubia, Lea, & 6e

duplicata, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

gracilis, Lea, Cont. Geol.

Greenoughi, Lea, *“

idonea, Sil. Jour. xli.

litterata, Lam., Jour. Acad. vii.

Minima, Lea, Cont. Geol.

Mississippiensis,Con.,Pro.Acad. iii.

mutica, Lam., Sil. Jour. xli.

Phillipsii, Lea, Cont. Geol.

zonalis, Lam., Jour. Acad. vii.
Oniscia.

- harpula, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.

OrpicuLa.
lugubris, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
multilineata, Con., Med. Tert.
Orz»is.
rotella, Lea, Cont. Geol.
OSTREA.

O. Alabamensis, Lea, Cont. Geol.

bellovacina, Nat. Inst.
Carolinensis, Con., Tert. Foss.
compressirostra, Say, Jour.Acad. iv.
disparilis, Con., Med. Tert.
eretacea, Morton, Jour. Acad. viii.
flabellula, Lam., <“ cme Tvl.
Georgiana, Con., * vil.
divaricata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
lingua-canis, Lea, “ “c
lateralis, Nillson, Nat. Inst.
panda, Morton, SE tse
percrassa, Con., Med. Tert.
pincerna, Lea, Cont. Geol.
radians, Con., Tert. Foss.
sculpturata, Con., Med. Tert.
selleformis, Con., Tert. Foss.
semilunata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
sinuosa, Rogers, Trans. Phil. v.
subfalcata, Con., Med. Tert.
Vicksburgensis, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
Virginiana, Gmel., Tert. Foss.
Ovuta.

ce

O. iota, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.

108

PALUDINA-
P. glabra, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
PaNDorRa.

P. arenosa, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
crassidens, Con., Med. Tert.
trilineata, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.

Panopma.

. abrupta, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

Americana, Con., Med. Tert.

dubia, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

elongata, Con., Trans. Geol.

Goldfussii, Wagner, Jour. Acad. viii.

oblongata, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.

porrecta, Con., Med. Tert.

reflexa, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.

PasITHEA.

aciculata, Lea, Cont. Geol.

alveata, Lea, oe as

cancellata, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. x].

Claibornensis,. Lea, Cont. Geol.

diaphana, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

eburnea, H.C. Lea, “ 6K

elegans, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.

exarata, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

guttula, Lea, Cont. Geol.

levigata, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

lugubris, Lea, Cont. Geol.

minima, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.

notata, Lea, Cont. Geol.

ornata, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

ovulum, H.C. Lea, * 6

secale, Lea, Cont. Geol.

striata, Lea, *“ &<

subula, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

sulcata, Lea, Cont. Geol.

turbinopsis, H. C. Lea, Trans.
Phil. ix.
umbilicata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
PaTELLa.
acinaces, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
PECTEN.

. anatipes, Morton, Trans. Phil. ix.
biformis, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
calvatus, Morton, Jour. Acad. viil.
Clintonius, Say, cs Sch eV.
concentricus, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
decemnarius, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
Deshaysii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
dislocatus, Say, Nat. Inst. No. 2.
dispalatus, Con., Med. Tert.
eboreus, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
elixatus, Con., Pro. Acad. ii.
Holbrookii, Ravenel, “
Humphreysii, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
Jeffersonius, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
Lyelli, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Madisonius, Say, Jour. Acad. ix.
Magellanicus, Lam., ‘“ ¢¢ . vil.
Marilandicus, Wagner, ‘** vill.

=

104

P.

P.

es

. sculpturatus,

membranosus, Morton, Jour. Acad.
Vill.
micropleura, H. C. Lea, Trans.
Phil. ix.
Mortoni, Ravenel, Pro. Acad. ii.
perplanus, Morton, Sil. Jour. xxiii.
Poulsoni, Morton, Jour. Acad. viii.
purpuratus, Lam., Sil. Jour. xxviii.
Rogersii, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
septenarius, Say, iv.
tenuis, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
tricenarius, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

vicenarius,Con., ‘ Keo i Ke
Virginianus, Con., Med. Tert.
PecTuNcuLuUs.

aratus, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
arctatus, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
aviculoides, Con., Tert. Foss.
Broderipii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Carolinensis, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
circularis, Con., fe) Eo oxscv ili,
corbuloides, Con., Tert. Foss.
cuneus, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
decisus, Con., Tert. Foss.
declivis,Con., <« “e
deltoideus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
elephantopus, H. C. Lea. Trans.
Phil. ix.
ellipsis, Lea, Cont. Geol.
idoneus, Con., Tert. Foss.
lentiformis, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
minor, Lea, Cont. Geol.
oliqua, Lea, 66
parilis, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
passus, Con., Med. Tert.
pectinatus, Lam., Sil. Jour. xxviii.
perplanus, Con., Jour. Acad. vil.
pulvinatus, Lam., Tert. Foss.
quinquerugatus, Con., Sil. Jour. xli.
stamineus, Con., ‘ 66 ExT
subovatus, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
tricenarius, Con., Med. Tert.
trigonella, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii. }
tumulus, Con., Med. Tert.
variabilis, Sow., Jour. Acad. vi. |
PERIPLOMA.
antiqua, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
PERNA.
torta, Say, Sil. Jour. ii.
maxillata, Lam., Med. Tert. |
PreTALOCONCHUS.
H. C. Lea, Trans.
Phil. ix.
Petricoua.
cenrenaria, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
fornicata, Say, Jour. Acad. vi.
compressa; H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. |
Ls
pholadiformis, Lam., Jour. Acad, vi. '

Rs a: a

[OcToB:R,

PHOLADOMYA-
abrupta, Con., Tert. Foss.
Marilandica, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
Puovas.
acuminata, Con., Med. Tert.
arcuata, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2,
costata, Linn., Sil. Jour. xxviil.
ovalis, Say, 18
petrosa, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
rhomboidea, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil.
te
triquetra, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
Puorus.
humilis, Con., Pro. Acad. iii-
Pinna.
argentea, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
PLAGIOSTOMA.
dumosum, Morton, Jour. Acad. viii.
PLANARIA-
nitens, Lea, Cont. Geol.
PLEUROTOMA.
abundans, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
alternatum, Con., Tert. Foss.
Beaumontii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
bellacrenatum,Con.,Jour. Acad.viii.
bisecatenarium, Con., Vii.
cxlatum, Lea, Cont. Geol.
cancellatum, H.C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.
catenatum, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
Childreni, Lea, Cont. Geol.
cochleare, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
commune, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
congestum, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
cristatum, Con., ‘ “ “«
declivum, Con., “ “ “
depyge, Con., Tert. Foss.
Desnoyersii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
dissimile, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
eboroide, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
elaboratum, Con., Tert. Foss.
elonzatum, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
gracile, Con., “e Se as

-Heninghausii, Lea, Cont. Geol.

inciliferum, Con., Jour. Acad. vii-
Lesueurii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
limatulum, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
Lonsdalii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
lunatum, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
Marilandicum,Con. Jour. Acad. viii.
Mississippiense,Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
moniliferum, Lea, Cont. Geol.
multisectum, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
nuperum, Con., Tert. Foss.
obliquum, Lea, Cont. Geol.
parvum, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
porcellanum, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
pyrenoide, Con., Jour. Acad. vil.
rotedens, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
rotiferum, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.

or

1848.]

Ee.

rugosum, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Sayi, Lea, £6
servatum, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
tabulatum, Con., Tert. Foss.
tantulum, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
tenellum, Con., “<c ‘<

tricatenarium, Con.,Jour. Acad. vii. |

ee “ce

Virginianum, Con.,
PuicaTULA.
densata, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
filamentosa, Con., Tert. Foss.
Mantellii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
marginata, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
ramosa, Lam., <« CG ha iic
rudis, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
Proto.
vetusta, Ccn., Jour. Acad. vii.
PsaMMoBIA.

P. eborea, Con., Tert. Foss.

P.

filosa, Con., “ <<

fusea, Say, Jour. Acad. vi.

lintea, Con., Pre. Acad. iii.

lusoria, Say, Jour. Acad. vi.

papyria, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
PsAMMOCOLA.

lucinoides, H.C. Lea, Trans. Phil.ix.

regia, H. C. Lea, “ce ning 5c
PYRAMIDELLA.

arenosa, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

elaborata, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

larvata, Con., Tert. Foss.

suturalis, H.C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

PYRULA.

. canaliculata, Linn., Jour. Acad. iv.

cancellata, Lea, Cont. Geol.

carica, Gmel.

elegantissima, Lea, Cont. Geol.

penita, Con., Tert. Foss.

perversa, Lam., Sil. Jour. xli.

Smithii, Lea, Cont. Geol.

sulcosa, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.

tricarinata, Lam., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
RaAneLLA.

R. caudata, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.

&

Raneia.
cyrenoides, Des Moulins, Sil. Jour.
XXVil.
RINncIccba.
Mississippiensis,Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
RosTELLARIA.
Cuvieri, Lea, Cont. Geol.
laqueata, Con., Tert. Foss.
Lamarckii, Lea, Cont. Geol.
velata, Con., Tert. Foss.
RoretLa.
carinata, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
lenticularis, H.C. Lea,“ “< <«
nana, Lea, Cont. Geol.
subconica,H.C. Lea, Trans. Phil.ix.

s.

105

umbilicata, H. C. Lea, Trans.Phil.
ix:
SANGUINOLARIA.
fusca, Con., Sil. Jour. xxviii.
lusoria, Say, “ <« “
SAXICAVA.
bilineata, Con., Med. Tert.
distorta, Say, Jour. Acad. vi.
pectorosa, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
rugosa, Lam., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
ScaLaRIia.
acicula, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
carinata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
clathra, Lam., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
cornigera, H. C.Lea, Trans. Phil.ix.
elegans, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.
expansa, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
lineata, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii.
micropleura, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil.
1
microstoma, H. C. Lea,
nassula, Con., Tert. Foss.
pachy pleura, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
planulata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
procera, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
quinquefasciata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
sessilis, Con., Tert. Foss.
trigintanaria, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
venusta, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.
ScoBINELLA.
celata, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
SERPULA.
anguina, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
convoluta, H. C. Lea, “ Cts
granifera, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
ornata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
squamulosa, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
SIGARETUS.
arctatus. Con., Tert. Foss.
bilix, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii.
canaliculatus, Sow., Nat. Inst. No.2.
declivis, Con., Tert. Foss.
fragilis, Nat. Inst. No. 2.
Mississippiensis,Con., Pro.Acad.iii-
SILIQUARIA. 2
Claibornensis, Lea, Cont. Geol.
vitis, Con., Tert. Foss.
SoLarium.
alveatum, Con., Tert. Foss.
amenum,Con., ¢ “
antrosum, Con., <“ 6<
bilineatam, Lea, Cont. Geol.
canaliculatum, Lea, Nat. Inst. No. 2.
cancellatum, Con., Sil. Jour. xxili.
elaboratum, Con., “ <“ “
elegans, Lea, Cont. Geol.
exacuum, Con., Tert. Foss.
funginum, Con., “ ae
granulatum, lea, Cont. Geol.
Henrici, Lea, = =

it ce

106

Ss.

nuperum, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
ornatum, Lea, Cont. Geol.
patulum, Lam., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
scrobiculatum, Con., Tert. Foss.
stalagmium, Con., as “e
trilineatum, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
triliratum, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
So_ecurrus.

. Blainvilli, Lea, Cont. Geol.

Caribeus, Linn., Si). Jour. xxviii.
Souen.

. ensiformis, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

ensis, Linn., Sil. Jour. xxxvili.
directus, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

magnodentatus, H. C. Lea, Trans.

Phil. ix.
SPH RELLA.

. subvexa, Con., Med. Tert.

Sprrorsis.

. tubanella, Lea, Cont. Geol.

STALAGMIUM.

. margaritaceum, Con., Tert. Foss.

STRIGILLA.

. carnaria. Turton, Sil. Jour. xxviii.

TELLINA.

. equistriata, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.

alta, Con., Tert. Foss.

alternata, Say, Nat. Inst. No. 2.
arctata, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
biplicata, Con., Jour. Acad. vil.
declivis, Con., * gE “
egena, Con., fe 6s SE
lenis, Con., Pro. Acad. i.

lintea, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
lusoria, Con., Med. Tert.
papyria, Con., Tert. Foss.
pectorosa, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
plana, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
producta, Con., Med. Tert.
Ravenelli, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
scandula, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
serica, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
Sillimani, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N.S.
subequalis, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
Vicksburgensis, Con. “ “ 6

TEREBRA.
constricta, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.
costata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
curvilirata, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
dislocata, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii. *
divisura, Con., ‘ See
gracilis, Lea, Cont. Geol.
loxonema, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
multiplicata, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour-xl.
polygyra, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
simplex, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
tantula, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
venusta, Lea, Cont. Geol.

T.

ae

T.

T.

[OcTOBER,

TEREBRATULA.
canipes, Ravenel, Pro. Acad. ii.
lachryma, Morton, Jour. Acad. viii.

Terepo.
calamus, H.C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
fistula, H. C. Lea, s¢ nk Awd:
simplex, Lea, Cont. Geol.
THRACIA.
transversa, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil.

ix.
TRIQUETRA.

. equorea, Con., Sil. Jour. i. N. §.

rectilinearis, Con., ‘‘ “
Triron.

abbreviatus, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.

crassidens, Con., ‘ a

Mississippiensis, Con., *¢ “e

pyramidatus, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour.
xl.

Trocuvs.

. agglutinans, Auct., Sil. Jour.i. N.S.

aratus, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
armillus, H. C. Lea, *¢ Ser oF
bellus, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
conus, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
eboreus, Wagner, Jour. Acad. viii.

humilis, Con., 6 “< vi.
labrosus, Con., “ “Vii
lapidosus, Con., ** ce 66

lens, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
Mitchell, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
peralveatus, Con., & Viil.
philanthropus, Con., ¢ Vii.
planulatus, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour.xl.
Ruffinii, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
reclusus, Con., Jour. Acad. vi.
torquatus, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix
Tusa.
alternata, Lea, Cont. Geol.
striata, Lea, “cc 6s
sulcata, Lea, ‘ &
TURBINELLA.
demissa, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
fusoides, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.
perexilis, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
pretenuis, Con., Tert. Foss.
prisea, Con., “< “«
protracta, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
pyruloides, Con., Tert. Foss.
Wilsoni, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.
‘TURBO.

T. biliratus, Con., Pro. Acad. iii.

caperatus, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
glaber, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.
lineatus, Lea, Cont. Geol.
naticoides, Lea, “* ‘*

nitens, Lea, RE oat Fe

parvus, H.C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl.
rusticus, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

1848.] : 107

TURRITELLA. | V. ascia, H. C. Lea, Trans. Phil. ix.

T. alternata, Say, Sil. Jour. xxviii. cancellata, Linn., Sil. Jour. xxviii.
alticostata, Con. Jour. Acad. vii. capax, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
bipertita, Con., Pro. Acad. i. cortinaria, Rogers, Trans. Phil. vi.
carinata, Lea, Cont. Geol. cribraria, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
carinata, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl. deformis, Say, Jour. Acad. iv.
exaltata, Con., Jour. Acad. vi. Ducatelli, Con., Med. Tert.
fluxionalis, Rogers, Trans. Phil. vi. Floricana, Con., Sil. Jour. ii. N.S.
gracilis, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl. inosceriformis, Wagner, Jour. Acad.
humerosa, Con., Trans. Geol. Viii.
indenta, Con., Jour. Acad. viii. latilirata, Con., Pro. Acad. i.
laqueata, Con., ac te vi. latésulcata, Con., Med. Tert.
lineata, Lea, Cont. Geol. mercenaria, Linn., Sil. Jour. xii.
Mississippiensis, Con.,Pro. Acad.iii. metastriata, ee ere ASE
Mitchelli, Sil. Jour. xli. Mortoni, Con., Jour. Acad. vii.
monilifera, H. C. Lea, Sil. Jour. xl. paphia,(?)Lam.,‘ vi.
Mortoni, Con., Jour. Acad. vi. penita, Con., Sil. Jour. ii. N.S.
obruta, Con., Tert. Foss. permagna, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
octonaria, Con., Jour. Acad. vii. Rileyi, Con., Med. Tert.
perlaqueata, Con., “ eg viii. staminea, Con., Nat. Inst. No. 2.
plebeia, Say, oe a iv. tetrica, Con., < alles
quadristriata, Rogers, Trans. Phil. v. tridacnoides, Con., Med. Tert.
terstriata, Rogers, “ Eeien, (el VERMETUS.
variabilis, Con.. Jour. Acad. Vi. V. lumbricalis, Lam., Sil. Jour. xxviii.

TyYPHIs. VouvuTa.

T. acuticosta, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii. V. Carolinensis, Sil. Jour. xxxix.
curvirostratus, Con., Pro. Acad. iii. Cooperi, Lea, Cont. Geor
gracilis, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii. Defrancii, Lea, oe

VENERICARDIA. dubia, H. C. Lea, Sil. ree “I.

Y. ascia, Rogers, Trans. Phil. vi. sracilis, Lea, Cont. Geol.
Blandingi, Con., Jour. Acad. vi. Lamberti, Sow., Jour. Acad. yi.
granulata, Say, “ civ Parkinsoni, Lea, Cont. Geol..
parva, Lea, Cont. Geol. mutabilis, Con., Pro. Acad. i-
planicosta, Lam., Jour. Acad. vi. | parva, Lea, Cont. Geol.
rotunda, Lea, Cont. Geol. | petrosa, Con., Tert. Foss.
Sillimani, Lea, “ “e Sayana, Con., “ a
transversa, Lea, ‘ ke | golitaria, Con., Jour. Acad. vi-

VENERUPIS. | striata, Lea, Cort. Geol.

VY. subvexa, Con., Sil. Jour. xxiii. Vanuxemi, Lea, “ ‘“

VENUS. VOLVARIA.
VY. alveata, Con., Jour. Acad. vi. V. galba, Con., Tert. Foss.

ELECTION OF CORRESPONDENTS.

J. P. Kirtland, M. D., Cleveland, Ohio.

Prof. J. Cobb, M. D., Louisville, Kentucky.
Prof. L. P. Yandell, M. D., do. do.
Benjamin E.Shumard, M.D., do. do.

Right Rev. George W. Doane, Burlington, N. J.
Edward Tuckerman, Esq., Cambridge, Mass.

M. Fischer de Waldheim, Moscow.

1848.) 109

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM
In SEPTEMBER AND OcTOBER, 1848.

September 5th.

Saurian Vertebra, from a marl bed on the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal;
From Mr. D. M. Sanborn.

Fruit of Mammea Americana. From Mr. Wm. Butcher, through Mr. Cassin.

Large and fine specimen of Ammonites Delawarensis Morton, from Centreton,
New Jersey ; Exogyra costata, two Rostellaria, a series of Croprolites, Yellow
ochre, and Fossil wood, from New Jersey. Also two specimens of Gordius
Aquaticus, from Burlington, New Jerey. From Mr. L. J. Germain.

Portion of the jaw of Mosasaurus with two nearly perfect teeth, from Freehold,
New Jersey, and a fine specimen of Voluta imperialis and Natica fluctuatus.
From Burlington College, in exchange.

September 17th.

Hippocampus , from India, and a collection of Reptilia and Larve.
From Burlington College, in exchange.

Tron Geode, from President’s Island, Mississippi. From Prof. Haldeman.

Tooth of Elephas primogenius, from Mississippi, and a collection of Fish and
Crustacea. From W. C. Bryan, Esq., of New York, through Prof. Haldeman.

October 3d.

Casts of teeth of Dorudon serratus, Gibbes, and of five species of Charcharodon.
From Dr. R. W. Gibbes, of Columbia, S. C.

Coluber eximius (young), and two specimens of Quartz. Presented by Dr.
Hallowell.

Two stuffed serpents, from New Jerusalem. Presented by Mr. H. E. Ashmead,
of Philadelphia.

Mounted specimen of Tenosanra acanthura, Scincus fasciatus, and a specimen
of Endymion regalis, from Tampico. Presented by Lieut. Haldeman, U.S. A.,
through Prof. Haldeman.

Three specimens of Spheria Roberti, growing from the head of the larva of Va-
nessa itea, from New Holland. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Medallion cast of the head of John Gould, HEsq., F. R. S., of London, the cele-
brated ornithologist. From the same.

Numerous fragments of fossil shells, from the drift hills of Brooklyn, N. Y.
Presented by William C. Redfield, Esq., of New York.

Crassatella Mississippiensis, and Ostrea Georgiana, from Vicksburg, Miss.
From Mr. J. D. Anderson, through Mr. Conrad.

Fine casts of Anoplotherium commune, (Cuy.) and Paleotherium medium,
(Cuy.) From the Professors of the “ Jardin des Plantes” of Paris, through Dr.
Leidy.

October 10th.

Mr. W. S. Vaux presented a crystal of Beryl, from Acworth, New Hampshire,
weighing 185 pounds, and measuring three feet three inches in circumference and
eighteen inches in length.

Specimen of polished Quartz. From Dr. Dawson, of Philadelphia.

A very fine collection of British Coleoptera, numbering between eight and
nine hundred species, systematically arranged and labelled. Presented by
Mr. Edward Doubleday, of London.

A collection of Minerals, chiefly iron ores. Collected and presented by Mr.
George B. Allinson.

Several very fine specimens of Elba iron ore. Presented by Dr. Joseph Carson.

One hundred and nineteen mounted specimens of American birds. Presented
by Mr. Edward Harris.

110 [OcroneEr,

October 17th.

e Cast of the metatarsal bone of the Dodo. From Mr. Edward Doubleday, of
ondon.
~ Mounted skeleton of Manura superba. From Dr. Wilson.
Living specimen of Crotalus durissus. From Dr. Grant, of Philadelphia.
Two specimens of Iron ore. From Dr. Leidy.

_—_

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY
Ix Sepremper AnD OctToser, 1848.
September 5th.

American Journal of Science and Arts. New Series. No.7. From the Edi-
tors.

Literary Record and Journal of Linnean Association of Pennsylvania College.
Vol. 4. No. 11. From the Association.

Loudon’s Hortus Britannicus. 2dedition. From Mr. Kilvington.

Iconographie Ornithologique. Par O. Des Murs. Livs. 10 and 11. 4to. Pre-
sented by Mr. Edward Wilson.

The following were deposited by Dr. Wilson:

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 2. 2d series. Nos. 6 and 7.

Forbes’ and Hanley’s British Mollusca. Parts 6 and 7.

Harvey's Phycologia Britannica. Parts 30 and 31.

Gosse’s Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. Parts 3 and 4.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. No. 14.

Comptes rendus. Tome 25. Nos. 23, 24, 25.

Oken’s Isis. No. 3, 1848.

Zoology of the voyage of the Samarang. No. 2. Crustacea, Part 1.

Doubleday’s Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. Part 20.

Hussey’s British Mycology. Parts 15 and 16.

Austin’s Recent and Fossil Crinoidea. No. 7.

Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica. Parts 63 and 64.

Gray’s Genera of Birds. Part 44.

Journals of two expeditions of discovery in N. W. and W. Australia, in 1837,
’38, and ’39. By George Gray, Esq. 2 vols. 8vo.

Three expeditions into the interior of Eastern Australia. By Major T. L.
Mitchell. 2 vols. 8vo.

A history of British Sponges and Lithophytes. By George Johnson, M. D., 8vo.

History of the Royal Society of London. By Thomas Sprat. 4to.

AEdologie, ou traité du Rossignol Franc, ou Chanteur, &c. 12mo,

Travels to discover the source of the Nile, in the years 1768-73. By James
Bruce of Kinnard, Esq. 5 vols. 4to.

Memoir of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. By his Widow. 4to.

Dissertation on the Antiquity of the Earth. By the Rev. James Douglass. 4to.

Natural History of Aleppo. By Alexander Russel, M.D. 2d edition. Re-
vised by Patrick Russell, M.D. 2 vols. 4to.

Museum Regalis Societatis. (A Catalogue of the collections of the Royal So-
ciety, preserved in Gresham.) By Nehemiah Green, M.D. Folio. 1681.

Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. By William J.Burchell. 2 vols.
4to.

Nova Acta Physico-medica Academie Casare Leopoldine Caroline Nature
Curiosorum. .Tome X. Partl. 4to.

Pallas’ Spicilegia Zoologica. 2 vols. 4to.

Die Werke von Marcgrave und Piso tiber die Naturgeschichte Brasiliens, &c.
Von Herrn Lichtenstein. 4to. 4 Nos.

Ueber die weissen Robben. Von Hrn. Lichtenstein. 4to.

Prodromus der Islandischen Ornithologie, oder Geschichte der Végel Islands.
Von Friederich Faber. 8vo.

Ueber das Leben der hochnordischen Vogel. Von Friedrich Faber. No. 1. 8vo.

r=,

1348.] 111

Classification der Saugethiere und Végel. VonJ.J.Kaup. 8vo.
Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Spechte. Von, K. Kessler in Kiew. 8vo.
A new system of Natural History. By George Henry Millar. Folio.

September 12th.
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Nos. 30—34, inclusive, and
Charter and By-laws of same 1848. From the Society.
The Gardener’s Dictioaary, &c. By Philip Miller. Folio. From Mr. R.
Kilvington.
September 19th.
Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. Vol.4. No.12. From
the Lyceum.

The following pamphlets were received from the author, M. Emile Blanchard,
of Paris :

Rapport sur un mémoire de M. Blanchard, intitule, ‘‘ Recherches sur!’ organi-
zation des Vers.” Rapport sur un memoire de M. Blanchard, relatif a l orga-
nization @’ un parasite voisin des Sangsues. Observations sur |’ organization
d’ un type de la classe des Arachnides. Recherches sur le systeme nerveuse des
animaux sans vertebres. Memoire sur l’ organisation d’ un animal appartenant
au sous-embranchement des Annelés. Recherches faites pendant un voyage en
Sicile.

October 3d.

Statistics of Coal. By Richard C. Taylor. 8vo. From the Author.
Principles of Zoology. By Louis Agassiz and Augustus A. Gould. 8vo.
From the Authors.

Descriptions of new species of Bullia and Marginella. By John H. Redfield.
From the Author.

On the distinctive characters of Cyprza reticulata, Martyn, and Cyprea histrio,
‘of Meuschen. By John H. Redfield. From the Author.

Expedition Shells, described for the work of the United States Exploring Ex-
pedition. By Aug. A. Gould, M.D. From the Author.

Proceedings of Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 2. pp. 33—48. From
the Society.

Memoir geographical, political, and commercial, &c., on Siberia, Mancharia,

and the Asiatic islands of the Northern people, &. By Aaron H. Palmer.
From the Author.

Geographical Memoir on Upper California. By John C. Fremont. From the
Author.

Third Annual Report on the Geology of Vermont, 1847. By C. B. Adams.
From the Author.

Report of the Secretary of War accompanying a report and map of the exami-
nation of New Mexico. By Lieut. J. W. Abert. From the Author.

The following were deposited by Dr. Wilson:

Faune Francaise. Plates. 4to. 3 vols.

ee ae Text. 8vo. 3 vols.

Wood’s Index Testaceologicus and Supplement. 1 vol. 8vo.

Ferussac’s Natural History of Mollusca, continued by Deshayes. 34 Livs.
folio ; with Natural History of Aplysians, by Sander Rang.

Belanger’s Voyage to the East Indies. 21 Livraisons. 4to.

Revue Zoologique. Nos. 3, 4, 5, for 1848.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 27. Nos. 1, 2, 3.

Gray’s Genera of Birds. No. 45.

Doubleday’s Genera of Lepidoptera. No. 21.
. Hanley and Forbes’ British Mollusca. No. 8.

Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica. No. 65.

Harvey’s Phycologia Britannica. No. 32.

Hussey’s British Mycology. No. 17.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. No. 8.

Gosse’s Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. No. 5.

Quarterly Journal of Geological Society of London. No. 15.

112 [OcrorEr.

Couch’'s Cornish Fauna. Nos. 1, 2, 3.

Delabeche’s Report on Cornwall, Devon, &c.

Bolton's Harmonia Ruralis. 1 vol. Small Folio.

Forster's Zoologica Indica. 1 vol. Ato.

Barbuts’ Genera Vermium, Parts 1 and 2. 4to.

Walker’s Testacea minuta rariora. 1 vol. 4to.

Fortpflanzungsgeschichte der gesammten Vogel, &c. Von V. A. L. Thieneman.
Leipzig, 1846. Nos. 1, 2, 3.

October 10th.

Directions for making anatomical preparations, &c. By Usher Parsons, M.D.,
8vo. Deposited by Dr. Griffith.

Turton’s Manual of British Shells. 12mo, From the same.

Lead Pipe, its dangers ; a rejoinder to the reply of Prof. Horsford to the argu-
ment in the appendix to Tanquerel. By Samuel L. Dana. From the author.

Journal of the Linnean Association of Pennsylvania College. Vol. 4. No. 12.
From the Association.

October 17th.

Ancient’ Monuments of the Mississippi valley. By EH. H. Squier, and E. H.
Davis, M. D. (From the Smithsonian contributions to knowledge.) 4to. De-
posited by Dr. Wilson.

Comptes Rendus, Tome, 57. Nos. 4, 5,6. From the same.

October 24th.

The following pamphlets. were presented by Dr. Bennett Dowler, of New
Orleans :

Researches on Meteorology. By Bennett Dowler, M. D., of New Orleans. A
question of originality settled ; by the same. Contributions to the Natural His-
tory of the Alligator; bythesame. Experimental researches onthe post-mortem .
contractility of the muscles; by the same. Criticisms and controversies relating
to the nervous and muscular systems; by the same. Review of Mr. Solly’s book
on the Brain; by the same. Researches on Yellow Fever ; by the eame.

1848.] 115
November Tth, 1848.

Vice President Morron in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From Dr. Charles Nicholson, dated Sydney, New South Wales,
Apri] 5th, 1848, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election
as a correspondent, and announcing that he had forwarded for the
Academy, collections of Shells, Insects, and other objects of natural
history of that country.

From Prof. Th. Lacordaire, of Liege, dated April, 1848, accom-
panying a copy of his recent work, “Monographie des Coléoptéres
subpentaméres de la famille des Phytophages,” in two vols. 8vo., for
which he desired in exchange a copy of the Proceedings of the Acade-
my, which was accordingly ordered.

By permission of the Society, a report was read from the Committee
on Mr. Pease’s paper on the Geology and Natural History of Mexico,
recommending the same for publication in the September and QOc-
tober No. of the Proceedings, which was adopted.

November 14th, 1848.
Vice President Morron in the Chair.

Letters were read from Hugh H. Strickland, Esq., dated Oxford,
England, October 26, 1848, and from Edward Tuckerman, Esq., dated
Cambridge, Mass., November 10, 1848, severally acknowledging the
receipt of their notices of election as Correspondents.

Dr. Gambel called the attention of the Society to a fine collection of
Skins of Quadrupeds, collected by Dr. John K. Townsend during his
late tour to the Rocky Mountains, Sandwich Islands, &c., which the
latter offered to dispose of to the Academy. On motion the subject was
referred to the Curators.

Dr. Morton exhibited an antique silver image from Peru, sent to
him by William A. Foster, Esq., of Lima, the head of which was
moulded into the remarkable conical form, characteristic of the crania
of the people of that country. i

Dr. Morton also stated that he had received information of the dis-
covery of the Jegalosaurus in the eretaceous formations of New
Jersey.

November 21st, 1848.
Dr. BripGEs in the Chair.

‘A letter was read from Dr. Thomas Horsfield, dated Library of Fast
India Company, London, November 2, 1848, fubliowtedaing the
receipt ofa copy of the Journal of the Academy, and stating that the

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA.—VOL. IY. NO. VI. 17

116 [ DecEMBER,

easts of Sivalik Fossils lately presented by the Hon. W. 1. Company to
the Academy, which had been mutilated in the transportation, would
be replaced by others, which were already in course of preparation.

A communication was read from the Secretary of the American
Philosophical Society, dated October 21, 1848, acknowledging the
receipt of No. 2, New Series, of the Journal of the Academy.

November 28th, 1848.

Mr. Vaux in the Chair.

The Committee appointed to superintend the printing of the New
List of Members and Correspondents, reported that they had performed
that duty, and that copies were ready for distribution. The List com-
prises the names of 70 life members, 80 contributing do. 33 non-
contributing do., and 62 deceased do., total 245; and of Correspon-
dents, foreign 257, (42 deceased) and domestic 263, (45 deceased)
total 520. ‘Total Members and Correspondents to Oct. 1, 1848--765.

The Committee to whom was referred Professor Johnson’s letter in
reference to a memorial to Congress recommending the addition of one
or more Naturalists to the Astronomical expedition now being fitted out
for Chili, by order of the Government, eported, that they consider this
addition as of great importance, and would recommend the appoiut-
ment of a Committee, with authority to take such steps in the matter
2s may be necessary to ensure this result. Report adopted, and on
motion, the whole subject was referred to the same Committee, viz:
Dr. Morton, Dr. Bridges, and Mr. Vaux.

December Sth, 1848.
Mr. Parvurrs in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,
transmitting the first volume of their ‘‘ Contributions to Knowledge,”
with a Circular describing the plan of organization of the Institution,
und a printed list of queries addressed to the Librarian of the Academy
in relation to the Library.

A letter was also read from the Imperial Society of Naturalists of
Moscow, dated August 17, 1848, accompanying several numbers of
the Bulletin of that Society.

Dr. Leidy offered the following observations on the development of
bone, the structure of articular cartilage, and on the relation of the
areolar tissue with mascle and tendon.

1. On the development of the Purkinjean corpuscle in bone.—Schwann, in his
“ Mikroskopische Untersuchungen,” considers that the Purkinjean corpuscle of
bone is derived from the pre-existing cartilage cell, and that the canaliculi are
prolongations, or protrusions of the cell wall. Many later authors, among whom
are Gerber, and?Todd and Bowman, express the opinion that it originates in the
nucleus of the tempurary cartilage cell, and Tomes entertains the idea, that after
the formation of the osseous tubes, in the process of ossification, the latter are

1848.] 117

filled up by a deposite of osseous granules, and while this deposite is going on,
small cells are left, which are the rudimentary Purkinjean corpuscles. Henle
thinks them to be the cavities of cells, the thickéned walls of which are pierced
by the canaliculi. Hassall confirms the view of Schwann, by stating “ the
bone cells (Purkinjean corpuscles) are to be regarded as complete corpuscles,
the canaliculi of which are formed by the extension of the cell wall, which is
proved by watching the formation and development of bone.”

The opinion of Schwann and Hassall I can fully corroborate from my own
observations upon an ossifying frontal bone, from a human embryo measuring
two inches from heel to vertex. Hach lateral half of the bone is about 3} lines
in diameter, and presents to the naked eye the appearance of a delicate and close
net-work, arising from the numerous areolz occupied by temporary cartilage.
The frontal and orbital plates, it is worthy of incidental remark, at this period,
are nearly on a plane with each other, or are connected together at avery obtuse
angle along a central, transverse, crescentic, raised line, the rudimentary
supra-orbitar ridge.

The mode of development of the Purkinjean corpuscle, as noticed upon the
upper or posterior border of the os frontis, is briefly as follows: After the
primitive ossific rete has been formed from the deposite of the osseous salts,
enclosing groups of cartilage cells in the areole, the further deposite takes place
in a fibrous or line-like course from the parietes of the areole of the primitive
osseous rete, in the interspaces of the cartilage cells nearest to, or in contact
with the sides of the areole. At this period the cells*shoot out or extend their
canaliculi between the fibrillz just formed, and then the cell-wall and continuous
walls of the canaliculi fuse with the translucent, homogeneous, or hyaliae sub-
stance of the cartilage existing between the cells and the osseous fibrille, and
with the fibrille themselves, by the deposite of the osseous salts. The period
of the formation of the canaliculi appears to be quite definite, occurring during
the deposite of the osseous salts, and not before. To such an extent is this the
case, that I noticed in several instances cells which had formed their canaliculi
upon the side which was ossified, while upon the other side I could not distin-
guish any trace of them.

During the whole time of the formation of the Purkinjean corpuscle, the
nucleus remains unchanged ; at least no change is perceptible in it beneath the
microscope, and by applying tincture of iodine to the preparation, which turns
the nucleus brown, I was able to detect it within the perfected Purkinjean cor-
puscle, not only corresponding to the nucleus of the remaining unossified cartilage
cells in granular structure, but also in its measurements. After the Purkinjean
corpuscle has been formed a short time, the nucleus dissolves away or disappears.

The newly formed Purkinjean corpuscle is about the same size as the remain-
ing unossified cartilage cells, as indicated in the list of measurements appended
to these notes.

Size of cell of temporary cartilage, from the unossified os frontis of a human

embryo, |'_ of an inch; nucleus of do. _' of an inch; nucleolus t
; jea6 3125 333

ofan inch; Purkinjean corpuscle _' of an inch; nuclougs within the same
1863

_! of an inch.
503)

2. On the intimate structure of articular cartilage—As is familiar to every
anatomist, articular cartilages always fracture in a direction perpendicular to

-

118 [DeceMBeER,

their surface, the broken edge presenting a striated appearance in the same direc-
tion. This character the older anatomists ascribed to a fibrous or columnar
structure of the cartilage, like that of the enamel of the teeth, while histologists
at the present day consider it as dependent upon the vertical arrangement of the
rows of cartilage cells, although it has been suspected to depend upon some
ultimate arrangement of the matrix or intercellular substance not yet detected,
In some late observations upon the structure and development of articular carti-
lage, through means of an excellent microscope, made for me by Messrs. Powell
& Lealand, of London, I have been enabled to discover a definite structure in
the intercellular substance. This consists of an arrangement of exceedingly
fine, transparent filaments, nearly uniform in thickness, and having an average
measurement of the a of an inch. An easy method of detecting this fila-

mentous structure, is to tear a fine fibre from the broken edge of an articular
cartilage which has been macerated in diluted muriatic acid, by means ofa
fine-pointed forceps, and exposing it in the ordinary way in water beneath
the microscope, using the quarter or eighth inch objective power. The
fine filaments, partly detached, will be seen in great numbers along the
sides of the fibre. When these filaments are viewed by very oblique light,
they appear to have an indistinct granular appearance, each composed of asingle
row of granules, which of course, in the articular cartilage, adbere together with
greater tenacity in the direction of the length of the filaments than laterally.

When an articular cartilage is broken in a direction from the under to the free
surface, it is found that the fragments adhere by a membranous layer, cover-
ing the free surface of the cartilage, which, by the older anatomists, was
considered as the extension of the synovial membrane; by the anatomists of
our day, either as a homogeneous layer, or as nothing more than a stratum of the
cartilage, the rows of cells of which take a direction parallel with the surface,
or at right angles to those more deeply situated, and thus giving rise to this dis-
tinct laminated condition. That it isa cartilaginous layer isundoubtedly correct,
but instead of the rows of cells determining the arrangement, I find it depends
upon the filamentary structure of the matrix, the filaments taking a course
parallel with the surface of the cartilage, in a direction at right angles to those
forming the matrix of the deeper part of the cartilage.

A straight fibre may be torn from the articular cartilage, and in the act
tearing, should a row of cells be in the line of rupture, as is frequently the case,
(for although generally following the course of the filaments, yet a number are
oblique or even somewhat irregular,) it will be torn through, which in itsel,
would be sufficient to indicate that the fibrous arrangement of the cartilage did
not depend upon its rows of cells, and indeed they have but little or no influence
in this respect.

From the foregoing description of the structure of the intercellular sub-
stance of articular cartilage, it can be readily understood that it may deter-
mine the course of the rows of cells, which is really the case. In the earliest
period of the existence of the articular cartilage, the cartilage cells are
single, isolated, and equally diffused throughout a mass of hyaline substance,
which latter in the progress of development becomes indistinctly granular,
and then for the first time have I observed the appearance of the filamentary
structure. In the splitting up of the primary cartilage cell and deve-
lopment of others, they arrange themselves in the direction in which there is
least resistance, which would be of course in the direction of the filaments of the

1848.] 119

intercellular matrix. Hence, in the deeper part of the articular cartilage, the
rows of cells are generally vertical to the surface, and parallel to the same in its
more superficial portion.

In some of the articular cartilages sometimes there are peculiarities of struc-
ture which I think have never been pointed out, and are worthy of notice.

Jn the articular cartilage of the condyles of the os femoris, I have occa-
sionally noticed numerous minute lacune? found in greatest abundance near
the surface of attachment, and gradually decreasing in number until they entirely
disappear in the superficial third of the cartilage. They are elongated, compressed,
and their long diameter is invariably situated transversely, at right angles to the
filamentous matrix, or parallel with the surface of the cartilage. The longest mea-
sure transversely _ of an inch, the shortest ae of an inch, in the vertical
direction =a of an inch. When well defined, they appear more transparent
than the cartilaginous matrix in which they are situated ; when viewed a little
within the focus they appear deep black.

Fibres of bone are not unfrequently met with in the articular cartilages,
especially in that of the head of the os femoris. They are generally found near
the surface of attachment, but are not the continuation of the bony structure
upon which the cartilage is placed, for they are always arranged in a direction
parallel to the surface. They are compressed cylindrical in form, and in trans-
verse section present an elliptical figure, the long diameter of which is placed at
right angles to the filaments of the cartilage matrix. They present a concen-
trically laminated and a radiated structure, resembling somewhat that of the

Haversian ossicle, but they neither present the canal nor the Purkinjean cor-
puscles.

The foregoing observations on articular cartilage will be more detailed and
illustrated by figures hereafter, in one of our medical journals.

3. On the arrangement of the areolar sheath of muscular fasciculi and its rela-
tion to the tendon.—Well known is it that the fasciculi of fibres of the muscles
are surrounded by sheaths of areolartissue, but the arrangement of the filaments
of fibrous tissue forming the sheaths, and their relation with the tendon, I think
has not been properly pointed out. From repeated observations, I have found that
the filaments of fibrous tissue cross each other diagonally around the muscular
fasciculi, forming a doubly spiral extensible sheath. None of the filaments run
in the direction of the length of the fasciculi, and but few are transverse. Many
of the filaments of a sheath form an interlacement in the same diagonal manner
with the filaments of the sheaths of neighbouring fasciculi. This arrangement
is readily distinguished, if several fasciculi be drawn slightly from each other
upon a plate of glass, and the intervening areolar tissue be viewed beneath the
microscope. When the filaments reach the rounded extremities of the fusciculi,
they become straight, and in this manner conjoin with the tendinous filaments
originating at the extremities of the muscular fibres. The importance of this

‘arrangement can be readily understood ; from the diagonally crossing course of
the areolar filaments, comparatively inelastic in themselves, the sheath is ren-
dered elastic, thus permitting the muscular fibres freely to move without their
action being interfered with, while at the point of attachment of the fasciculi,
where any elasticity would be worse than useless, from the fact that part of the

-

120 [DecemBER,

muscular action would be lost in the mere extension of an clasticsubstance, we
find the filaments arrange themselves so as to become part of the inextensible
tendon. '

December 12th, 1848.
Dr. Bringes in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, dated Cambridge, Mass., December 7, 1848, trans-
mitting Vol. 3, New Series, of its Memoirs.

Also a letter from Major Proby T. Cautley, dated Roorkhi, India,
June 23, 1848, in relation to two boxes of fossils shipped by him in
1844 for the Academy.

Mr. Conrad presented a paper entitled, ‘ Descriptions of two new
genera and three new species of recent Shells,” &e., which was re-
ferred to Drs. Griffith, Wilson, and Leidy.

December 19th, 1848.
Mr. PuHivurrs in the Chair.

A letter was read from Lieut. J. M. Gilliss, U. 8, N., dated Washing-
ton, December 11, 1848, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of
election as a Correspondent”

Mr. Conrad read the descriptions of four new species of recent
Shells, as an addition to his paper presented at last meeting. Referred
to the same Committee.

Dr. Gambel presented a Catalogue of the family Columbide con-
tained in the collection of the Academy, with remarks on the same;
which was referred to a Committee, consisting of Mr. Cassin, Dr.
Wilson, and Dr. Townsend.

Mr. Cassin read a paper entitled “ Descriptions of new species of
Owl,” in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia. Referred to Drs. Wilson, Gambel, and Townsend.

Dr. Gambel read a paper entitled ‘ Contributions to American
Ornithology,” which was referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Townsend, and
Dr. Heerman.

Dr. Hallowell read the description of a new Salamander, from Cali-
fornia. Referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Gambel, and Dr. Bridges.

On motion it was unanimously Resolved, That the Publication Com-
mittee be authorized to present to Dr. William Blanding a copy of
Parts 1 and 2, New Series, of the Journal of the Academy.

December 26th, 1848.
Dr. Bridges in the Chair. .
he Committee to whom was referred Mr. Conrad’s descriptions of
new Shells, read 12th and 19th insts., reported in favour of publication

entire in Part 3, New Series, of the Journal, and the following abstract
in the Proceedings.

—-

1848.] 121

Description of two new Genera and new species of recent Shells, &c.
By T. A. Conran.

ParaPHoLas, Con.

Shell pholas-like; accessory valves two, nearly similar in form, elongated,
one extending from the umbo to the posterior extremity; the other united to the
base ; hinge plate thick ; adductor muscular impressions greatly elongated.

Puotas canjrornica, Con. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc., vol. 7, p. 236 pl. 15, fig. 35.

CRYPTOMYA.

Shell bivalve, closed or very slightly gaping posteriorly ; hinge similiar to that
of Mya; pallial impression without a sinus, forming a right angle posteriorly.
SpHania Catirornica, Con. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc., vol. 7, p. 234, pl. 1%,
fig. 11.
Lyonsia floridana.
OsTroDESMA HYALINA? Con. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc., vol. 3, p. 24, pl. 1,
fics i.

Leguminaria floridana.

SoLEcuRTUS FRAGILIS, var. Con. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Se., vol. 3, p. 24, pl.
1, fig. 10.
PLECTOLITHES, Con.

PLECTOSTYLUS HILDRETH, Con. Vol. 8, p. 275, pl. 17. fig. 2.

Triton nobilis.

Body whorl dilated, humped on the upper part, about which three of the ribs
are prominent, rounded ; the lower one -broadest. Length 11 inches. Width
5finch. (West Indies.)

TRITON VARIEGATUS, Reeve. Conch. Icon. pl. 1, fig. 3a.

PSAMMOBIA CALIFoRNICA, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc., vol. 7, pl. 19, fig. 3.

The Committee on Mr. Cassin’s descriptions of new Owls, reported
in favour of publication.

Descriptions of Owls, presumed to be undescribed, specimens of which are in the
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

By Joun Cassin.

EpHIALt#Es sagittatus, nobis. Adult? Entire plumage above rufous brown,
inclining to chestnut ; plumage of the head with small pale spots encircled with
black, bordering the shafts of the feathers, and near the tips assuming a hastate
‘or sagittate form.

Plumage of the back with every feather having about three to five spots of the
same description, the arrow-headed sbape and black border distinct and well
defined, some of the spots nearly white; every feather also with very fine trans-
verse lines, and minutely dotted or freckled with black.

122 [DeceMByER,

Wing coverts with pale, nearly white, sagittate spots encircled with black. In-
ternal coverts of the wings pale fawn yellow, more or less spotted with black,
and with their tips broadly terminated with black, which forms a conspicuons
bar on the inferior surface of the wing. Outer edge of scapulars nearly white
with black spots. External webs of primaries with alternate bands of pale and
darker rufous brown ; internal webs much darker, with nearly black bands alter-
nating with others slightly paler, which (the paler) are mottled with black
towards the extremities of the quills. Exposed ends of the secondaries rufous
brown, with large pale spots on the shafts, approaching the sagittate form, with
their black borders extending into transverse narrow bands. First primary
shortest, fifth and sixth longest.

Feathers encircling the eyes, and the long bristle-like feathers at the base of
the bill dark chestnut brown, the latter freckled with black; between the eye
and the cavity of the ear whitish, with transverse lines, and broadly tipped with
deep rufous brown. Feathers of the ruff white at their bases, with narrow trans-
verse lines of deep rufous, but presenting a broad subterminal band of pure
white, every feather terminated with a semicircular or lunular band of bright
rufous brown.

Front and superciliary region white, the feathers of the former with their
shafts and with some minute marks of very dark brown, superciliary feathers
with well defined tips of nearly black. Shorter (or anterior) feathers of the
ear-like tufts white, with minute transverse lines and freckles of rufous brown,
longer feathers of the tufts brown on their external and white on their internal
webs, transversely lined and tipped with darker brown.

General colour of the under surface of the body very pale rufous and sordid
yellowish white, on the breast with every feather having about five to seven
very narrow transverse bands more or less distinctly defined, of blackish brown,
and minutely and irregularly dotted with the same colour. Abdominal region
with the bands less numerous, and many of the feathers having several irregularly
shaped, though rather rounded and sagittate spots of nearly black.

Tarsi covered to the toes with pale rufous whitish feathers. Toes naked.

Tail same rufous brown as the back, with alternate bands of darker and paler
shades, in some instances the paler band on the external opposite to the darker
band on the internal web.

Bill and feet yellow, claws long and slender.

Total length of skin, about 10 inches, wing 7, tail 4} inches.

Very young. Upper surface of the head and body pale yellowish and sordid
rufous, every feather with several narrow transverse dark lines. Breast and
belly darker, with the spots more distinctly rounded and occupying the whole
breast and inferior surface.

Wings and tail more fully developed than the other plumage.

Hab. India?

One specimen of this species, without label, belongs to the Rivoli collection ;
another, which is that of a young bird, labelled Malacca, has been received
from Mr. Edward Wilson, who obtained it in Paris. [am acquainted with no species
of Ephialtes with which this can readily be confounded, and, in fact, it looks
more like Dr. Horsfield’s plate of Striz (Phodilus) badius, than any other which

ieee

1848.] 128

I have met with, and is about the same size, (as the figure,) while in general
appearance, particularly in the colouring of the breast and belly, it bears some
resemblance to Strix (Lophostrix) cristata, Daud., (griseata, Lath.) It is, how-
ever, a true Hphialtes, though an aberrant species. The sagittate spots dis-
tinguish it, and as far as I know are peculiar.

Epniattes Watson, nobis. Summit of the head black, with a few very
minute pale spots, more numerous on the front and eyebrows. Shorter feathers
of the ear tufts black, others black also, but with their inner webs spotted or
mottled with white. A semicircle above the eye extending to the ear tufts,
black; rigid feathers at the base of the bill black, with pale grayish termina-
tions ; feathers immediately below the eye gray, mottled and broadly tipped with
black.

Discal feathers grayish white, many of them speckled, and all tipped with
black, presenting a white and black semicollar or ruff on each side of the neck.
Plumage of the throat with fine alternate bars of black and nearly white.

Neck above with a well defined collar, the feathers composing which are
strongly fulvous, terminated with white and speckled with black.

Back, rump, tail, and wing coverts mottled and freckled with grayish white
upon a black ground, many of the feathers having about three to five very
irregular transverse bands of whitish; on the wing coverts and back some of the
pale marks are almost circular with black centres, others are of irregular form
also enclosing centres of black.

External webs of the primaries black, with subquadrate nearly white bars,
nearly all of which have black centres, assuming, also, a more or less well de-
fined square form. Internal webs of primaries with alternate bands of different
shades of black.

Breast and entire inferior parts pale fulvous, every feather conspicuously
marked on the shaft longitudinally with black, and with very irregular transverse
bands and irregularly mottled with black ; the black markings most numerous
and most irregular on the breast. Many of the feathers on the breast with very
pale nearly white spots, having somewhat the appearance of being distributed
in pairs.

Tail black, with about seven or eight narrow irregular grayish bands, many of
which have central lines of black.

Tarsi feathered to the toes, pale fulvous white, mottled with black.

Bill horn colour at the base, whitish at the tip.

Total length (of skin) about 9} inches, wing 7, tail 34 inches.

Younger? Plumage above paler, with small spots and minute freckles of
grayish white, scarcely assuming the appearance of bands.

Breast with the dark markings predominating, and tending to form a broad
pectoral band; lower parts of the body bright fulvous, with black marks.

Hab. South America.

- This species bears some resemblance to Ephialtes atricapilla, (Natt.) Temm.
pl. col. 145, but is much larger, and has only one nuchal collar. The general
colour above is also much darker ; the fulvous colouring of the inferior surface
of the body is also a striking difference.

124 (DecemBer,

One specimen of this species in the Rivoli collection is labelled ‘ Orenoque,”
and another in the collection of the Academy is probably from South America.

I have named this bird in honor of Gavin Watson, M. D., of this city, @
gentlemen of extensive knowledge of natural history, much attached to the stady
of the American Raptoreg, and an especial admirer of the Owls.

Syrsium albo-gularis, nobis. Entire plumage above deep umber brown,
every feather more or less finely vermiculated and minutely spotted with black ;
on the head also transversely lined and spotted with pure white, especially in
the region of the occiput, where upon some feathers the white spots are disposed
regularly in pairs, upon the opposite webs.

Feathers of the back and rump having also three or four irregular transverse
lines, aud irregularly spotted with pale brownish nearly white. Scapulars
broadly barred and edged with white.

Lessser wing coverts with irregular lines of pale brownish, and with large
white marks on their external webs. Primaries with their external webs nearly
black, with about eight to twelve square spots or bands cf fulvous. Internal
webs of primaries plain black or with obscure bands.

Eyebrow white; a large semicircular segment of white covering the jaws
and throat, interrupted at the base of the under mandible by a few brownish
feathers ; many of those white feathers conspicuously tipped with black, forming
a well defined semicircular discal collar, or ruff.

Breast with a broad band of same umber brown as the back, every feather:
irregularly lined and minutely spotted with black, many of the feathers also with
subrounded spots of pure white, occasionally disposed in pairs.

Abdomen, flanks, and under tail coverts fulvous, every feather marked longitu-
dinaliy with black, and about one to three transverse marks of the same colour,
assuming a partially lyrate form; these marks less distinct on the flanks.

Tail umber brown, with about eight to ten irregular pale brownish white
bars : under surface paler.

Plumage of the tarsi reaching nearly to the toes, pale reddish fulvous; tibial
plumage darker, inclining to ferruginous; toes naked.

Bill yellow.

Total length about 9} inches, wing 8, tail 4} inches.

Hab. South America.

Two specimens of this bird in the Rivoli collection are without label, a third
obtained in Paris by Mr. Edward Wilson is labelled “South America.”

I am acquainted with no species which in any considerable degree resembles
the bird now described, nor have I met with a description applicable to it.

Syryium virgatum, nobis. Plumage of the entire upper surface dark umber
brown, every feather having about three to five irregular transverse narrow
bands of sordid yellowish white, most numerous and distinct on the head and
rump. Upper tail coverts banded with pure white.

Scapulars obliquely banded on their outer webs with fulvous, on their inner
webs more or less regularly banded with yellowish white. Wing coverts with
broader bands, and also mottled and pointed at their tips with whitish.

Primaries very dark brown, nearly black, external webs with about seven

1848.] 125

square spots of grayish white, some of which enclose central spots of dark
brown, and all more or less dotted and mottled with the same colour. These
square spots less regular on the first and second primaries; all the primaries
with broad pale tips. Internal webs with regular bands of dark and paler
brownish black.

General colour of the face same as the head and back, superciliary plumage
and discal circle nearly white, more or less spotted and lined with deep brown.

Breast deep umber brown tinged with fulvous, every feather having about
three very irregular transverse bands, which are broader and paler than those of
the back, though of the same character; on the lower part of the breast these
bands are nearly white.

Abdomen pale fulvons, every feather with a longitudinal stripe of black, and
with one or two transverse irregular bands at the tip of the same colour, ventral
region and under tail coverts pale fulvous, nearly white, with a trace of blackish
spots.

Tarsi dark fulvous, mottled with brown; feathered to the toes.

Tail black, tipped with white, and baviang about five bands, which are brownish
on the outer and white on the inner webs.

Bill horn colour at the base, pale yellow at the tip, toes quite naked.

Total length about 14 inches, wing 103, tail 6 inches.

Younger or different sex? Pale bands on the superior surface of the body
broader, those on the wing coverts, primaries and secondaries, enclosing toler-
ably regular bands of black. Scapulars with their outer webs falvous and pure
white.

Spots on the outer webs of the primaries, and bands on the tail nearly white,
secondaries broadly tipped with white, each terminal spot enclosing a segment of
dark brown.

Entire inferior surface of the body fulvons, feathers having longitudinal stripes
only of dark brown; under tail coverts nearly pure white.

Younger? Bands on the back and rump almost obsolete, having the appear-
ance of spots only. Scapulars and some of the wing coverts broadly edged with
pure white.

Entire under surface of the body nearly white, with but a tinge of fulvous, the
feathers having longitudinal bands only of deep brown. Under tail coverts and
tarsi nearly white.

Total length about 14 inches, wing 93, tail 6 inches.

Hab. South America.

This is a bird of which I have frequently seen specimens, and am surprised
that I have not succeeded in finding a description of it. [am acquainted with no
species intimately resembling it,

126 (DecemBEr,

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. Hallowell, reported
in favor of publication. ‘

Description of a new species of Salamander from Upper California.
By Epwarp Hatrowe tt, M. D.
Salamandra lugubris.

Sp. Char.—Uead large, eyes very prominent, tail rather longer than the body,
which is cylindrical. Head, tail, extremities, and the rest of the animal dark
olive above, lighter beneath; an indistinct irregular row of yellowish spots on
each side. Several small spots of the same colour upon the neck and upper part
of the tail, and posterior extremities.

Description.—Head large, swollen at the temples, depressed in front; snout
obtuse and somewhat rounded; eyes large, latero-superior; nostrils latero-anterior,
(small and distant; the palate is provided with two transverse rows of teeth
situated immediately behiad the posterior nares,) which are incurvated inter-
nally, and meet posteriorly. There is also a longitudinal row of teeth, separated
from those described by an interval of half a line; tongue long and spatulate,
very free at its edges, attached by a pedicle at its anteriorextremity; neck some-
what contracted, without a gular fold; body and extremities slender, the pos-
terior larger than the anterior; tail compressed, cylindrical, tapering to a poiat.

Colour. (rom a specimen in spirits in the Museum of the Academy.) The
animal above is of an uniform dark olive colour ; an irregular row of small yellow-
ish spots are observed upon the sides of the body near the dorsam ; several are
also seen upon the neck, the upper part of the tail, and also the posterior extre-
mities in the specimen examined. The under part of the animal is light olive.

Dimensions.—Length of head 6} lines; greatest breadth 6 lines; length of
neck and body to vent 1 inch 11 lines; length of tail 2 inches 1 line; total
length 4 inches 7 lines.

Habitat.—Monterey, Upper California. It is said to be abundant in that region.

The Committee on Dr. Gambel’s paper, entitled ‘ Contributions to
American Ornithology,” reported in favour of publication.

Contributions to American Ornithology.
By Wittram Gampet, M. D.

RosTRHAMUS SoctABILIS, (Vieill.) D’Orb.

Herpetotheres sociabilis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., vol, 18, p. 318.
F. hamatus, llliger. Temm. Pl. Col. 61, et 231.

Cymindis hamatus, Auc.

The first discovery of this curious and interesting falcon, within the limits of
our fauna, is due to the ornithological zeal of Edward Harris, Esq., of New
Jersey, who exhibited to the Academy a specimen obtained by himself on the
Miami river of Florida, in May, 1844, which, together with many new and rare
birds obtained during his travels with Audubon on the Upper Missouri, he has

1848.] 127

since generously added to our rich collections. My friend Dr. A. L. Heerman
has given me one of four specimens obtained in a recent trip to Florida, with
the followicg memorandum. ‘ On Saturday, May 6th, while fishing in the ever-
glades near the source of the Miami river, I shot four of these birds, of which
two were females and the others young; the latter showing by their plumage
that they had been bred in the country. On dissecting them, I found their
stomachs filled with a species of snail, which lives on the rank grasses of the
everglades. They seemed unaware of danger, and were sailing together in the
manner of the Mississippi Kite. I also saw on the 8th of May, seven of these
birds in the air over Col. English’s plantation, who informed me that it was by
no means a rare bird in that part of the country.”

All the specimers are in immature plumage, and vary considerably. They
are above dark brown, beneath dull white, much blotched with brown: the
shoulders, and under wing coverts particularly, strongly tinged with furruginous.
The front and throat are sometimes nearly pure white, put generally tinged with
ferruginous and streaked with brown.

The plumage of the adult, is of a nearly uniform blackish brown, with the
tail at its base, and upper and under coverts pure white.

VirEo ALTILOQUUS, (Vieill.) Gray.
Muscicapa altiloqua, Vieill. Ois. d’Amer. Sept. Vol. 1, p. 67, pl. 38; Ed-
wards’ Nat. Hist. Bds. pl. 253; Vireo longirostris, Swains.; Faun. Bor. Amer,

Bds. p. 237; Nutt. Man. Orn. vol. 2. p. 278; V. olivaceus, Gosse, Bds. of
Jamaica.

Though long since suspected by Nuttall as occasionally straying into the
forests of the Southern States, this species has only recently been actually
detected by Dr. Heerman in the peninsula of Florida. He found it rather com-
mon about Charlotte Harbour, and procured several specimens. In their search
for food he observed them clinging to the branches with the back downwards,
and found their stomachs filled with coleoptercus insects and flies.

EGRETTA PEALEI, (Bonap.) Gamb.

Ardea Pealei, Bonap. Amer. Orn. vol. 4, pl. 36; Nutt. Man. Orn. vol. 2, p.
49; A. rufescens, young, Aud. Bonap. Gray.

Peale’s Egret has, I am satisfied, been too hastily considered as the young of
the Reddish Egret, strange to say, even by Bonaparte himself,* who, in the
article upon that bird in the continuation of Amer. Orn., has so well examined
the family to which it belongs, and particularly states, that they do not acquire
their full plumage until the third year; young birds being always destitute of the
peculiar ornamental plumes. Now, the well known fact that the Herons when
young do not have the elongated feathers of the adult, is prima facie evidence
that #. Pealei cannot be the young of ZL. rufescens, when it is ornamented with
plumes quite as long and full, and neither in bill or any other part shows the
slightest trace of immaturity. But to Dr. Heerman we are indebted for the
means of settling the question beyond dispute.

* Comparative List of the Birds of Europe and North America.

128 [DecEMBeER,

He found them breeding in great numbers at Charlotte Harbour, in Florida,
and visited the breeding place three successive times, to assure himself that the
young birds are not white, but coloured like the adults, only of a daller hue, and
without plames; as he was also informed by his host. He did not see a single
white specimen among hundreds of young birds, and bas presented to the Aca-
demy the true young of LZ. rufescens.

This specimen which is just fully edged, with a few woolly feathers yet re-
maining about the head, is developing the colours of the adult rufescens, without
a single white feather. But what is most convincing, is, that the billis entirely
dusky, with a mere indication that its base will become pale.

Peal’s Egret is a smaller bird and less in its proportions every way. The
young also is pure white like the adult, but wants the elongated plames, and has
the bill entirely dusky, the basal portion gradually assuming its pale colour
as is seen in a specimen brought by Dr. Heerman.

Sterna FRENATA, Gamb.

S. argentea, Nutt. Man. Orn. vol. 2, p. 280; Bonap. Comp. list of Bds. of
Eur. and Amer.; Gray’s Gen. Bds. non De Wied.; S. minuta, Wilson, Aud.
pl. 319.

Nuttall was the first to observe differences between the little Terns of Europe and
those of America, and supposed ours to be the same with the S. argentea of Brazil,
described by the Prince de Wied. Haviog specimens, however, of that species
in the collections of the Academy, I fiod it very distinct from either, and readily
distinguished by its very much larger, thicker bill, longer, differently coloured
wings, shorter tail, &c.

Like all the closely allied species of Europe and North America, which differ
not so much in colour as in form and proportion, the little Terns of the two con-
tinents resemble each other so closely, that it is difficult to determine specific
characters. Hut as those species which inhabit a wide range in either country,
and not confined to tue northern regions, are nearly always found distinct, so the
little Terns, extending as they do to the tropics, and not having been as yet found
in the arctic regions, should also, according to the laws of geographical distri-
bution, be different.

Some of the distinctions drawn by Nuttall I think will be found dependant on
age. The bill in specimens which I have compared of the American is shorter
and smaller in its measurements every way, the wings and tarsi are also shorter,
and the outer tail feathers more acuminate than in the European, but still [should
have hesitated to give it a new name, bad it not been considered different by
several ornithologists and erroneously referred to S. argentea of De Wied.

SrerRNA REGIA, Gamb.

S. cryana, Aud. pl. 273, Orn. Biog., vol. 3, pl. 505; Bonap.; Giraud, Bds.
Long Island, p. 355; S. cayana, Lath. ?; S. ery/hrorhynchos De Wied, Bey. Zur.
Natur. Brazil ?

Adult male.—Length, 19 inches: extent of wings, 3 ft. 9 in.: length of wing,
15 in.: outer tail feathers, 7} in.: tarsus, 1 inch and 2-10ths, black: bill bright
red, along the ridge, 2} in.: from corner of the mouth, 3} in.: from symphysis to
point, beneath, 1 inch: depth at commencement of feathers, 7-10ths inch,

i

1848.] 129

This noble species so abundant on our southern coast, has for along time been
considered the S. cayana of Latham, notwithstanding its disparity with his de-
scription both in size and coloration. It seems to me that the Cayenne Tern
must have been founded upon the immature plumage of one of the yellow-billed
species of the Brazilian coast, since described by Lichtenstein, probably the
S. magnirostris.

Young birds of our species would agree pretty well with the erythrorhyncha
of Brazil, described by the Prince De Wied, as they are somewhat smaller and less
proportioned, yet we hesitate to give it that name, until its identity can posi-
tively be proved, particularly as the Terns of that coast are peculiar.

The representative of the regia in the old world, is the S. velox of Ruppell,
though quite distinct.

STERNA ELEGANS, Gamb.

Adult male.—With the general plumage of S. regia; length 17 in.; of wing
123 in.: of outer tail feathers 6 and 8-10ths in.: tarsus 1 and 1-10th in.: middle
toe and nail 1 and 24-10ths in.: bill bright red, along the ridge 1 and 6-10th in.:
from corner of mouth, 3 and 3-10ths in.: from symphysis to point beneath 14
in.: depth at commencement of feathers 5-10ths in.

This elegant species differs from the former not only in proportions, but in
the delicate hue of the under parts, which are of a satiny cream color when
living, but faded very much in the dried specimen.

The bill is of the same color as in the regia, and as long, but much more slender;
the prominent-angle beneath half an inch farther from the point, and the depth at
base two tenths of aninch less. Wings twoand ahalf inches shorter, but of the
same color in every respect. Legs pure black, the tarsus nearly as long as in
the former, but the toes much shorter. Tail long, pure white and deeply forked,
whole top of head from the bill, pure black, extending into an ample flowing
crest as in the former species.

The representative of this species in the old world is the S. afinis, Ruppell, but it
differs from that species in nearly the same respects as S. regia does from S. velox.

I procured this species on the Pacific coast of Mexico, particularly at Mazatlan
at the mouth of the Gulf of California, Itis exceedingly delicate in its plumage,
and graceful in its mode of flight. 1 found them cougregated in numbers on the
sandy shoals of the Bay in the month of April, uttering as they flew a grating
Kingfisher-like note.

The Report of the Corresponding Secretary for November and De-
cember was read and adopted.

The Annual Report of the Recording Secretary was read and
adopted.

The Annual Report of the Treasurer was read and referred to the
Auditors.

-The Librarian read the following report, which was ordered to be
published.

130 (Decemuer,

REPORT
OF THE LIBRARIAN
For 1848.

The Librarian respectfully presents the following statement for the present
year.

The total additions to the Library, of all descriptions, since the lst of January,
1848, amount to 1349. The subjoined table exhibits the various subjects em-
braced in this number, with the proportion of volumes, periodicals and serials,
and pamphlets in each subject.

VOLUMES,
A.

—

ae ae
Periodicals

Folio.| 4to. | 8vo. |12mo.|Total| |*2d Serials ag Total.
Vols. | {im ee) lets
y08

General Natural Ret 4 and

Mammalogy... eevee 9 |
Botany ndassseb nivel domed 4) 5) 38) 5) 52); 57 12 121
Conehel Gey jssacawawcesdiasdave cae 4; 30) 35) 13) 82! 133 9 224
GEOLOPY c+ scappsnsnasstaune mares Kae 4; 3] 28). 1). 36 18 16 70
Helminthology......ccsse cseceeess 2 2 2
Ornithology.......++sseeeee WS Pot 9} 7 «23; «9 648 36 6 90
Herpetology... ...+esee voeaassocews 1 1 2 3 5
Ichthyology... .secnsscaseessncvonds “Al at ables 2 4 9
HROWIGLOD Vasc ones tincasncccaaeeess 3} 4 16) 8 31 20 6 57
MIHGralO DY. c..oscesesseseceo ov ves 1 1 2 3
Anatomy and Physiology... aoner Ai al A) 29 1 16 46
Phys. Science and Chemistry. Bpib2 15 7 22
Medicine.......... eapankesbinexeeae 1 1 2 4 6
Transactions of Societies, An-
nals Journals, Proceedings
Of Societies, wc.sc..cssceleo cess 41} 13 54 101 155
Biography........0066 aewanketabe fare 2} 2 4 4
FUIBLOU VE sees svscinneabanesinees ot sanaips 1 coon tl 2 2
Antiquities. ......... Reape anya See 1 pee | 6 1 7
Voyages and Travels......... ... 21; 27; 59) 2) 109 86 195
Geb praplive. ccs. -ccocceco socvceecs |) 2 3 4 7
Bibliography sisc.s.s cevsscteeeeusee 10 10 10
Education.........+. doigoils Ss slacoee 1 1} 1
Reports....+...0- “p AOR ORE 10 10
MIPS cccnescee steceressbesnseescisvccen 3
Miscellaneous oc... sevcsecse coos 6 6} | 9 15
otal. ses. deneeaeowe . 1349

The whole have been derived from the following sources: from authors 79 ;
from editors 24; from members, correspondents, and others 70; from Spbichibe
72; from Dr. Wilson, on deposit, 1029; from Dr. R. E. Griffith, on deposit, 72.
Three Charts of the United States coast Survey were received from the Trea-
sury Department, through Prof. A. D. Bache. :

The aggregate additions to the Library in 1847, as stated in the report of that
year, amounted to 1072, the greatest number in any single year since 1835,
when Mr. Maclure’s donations were received. The additions of the present
year exceed those of 1847 by 277.

1848.] 131

The deposits by Dr. Wilgon in 1847 were remarkable for their number and
value. In their selection also, and in their adaptation to the wants of the
Society, which it has always been his chief desire and pleasure to consult, the
excellent judgment characteristic of that gentleman was abundantly shown.
The obligations then incurred were sufficiently great, but the statement just
presented, exbibits a total of additions derived from him this year nearly double
that of the last year.

The entire number of volumes, periodicals and serials in parts or numbers,
and pamphlets, which Dr. Wilson has deposited to the present date, is as follows:

Volumes, - - - - Folios 96, Quartos 212, Octs. 293, Duod. 57, total 858

Periodicals and Serials ark wes i a 2
in parts, nos. &c. \ 228; she ee ee
Pamphlets, - - - as Sess NS Be ee ts
1898

To our fellow-member, Dr. Robert E. Griffith, belongs the credit of being the
next largest contributor to the Library during the present year, as he was also
in 1847. Nearly 250 works have been added by Dr. Griffith within the last two
years ; many of them highly valuabie for their antiquity and rarity.

Among the contributions this year, is a fine copy of Vyse’s celebrated and
splendid work on the Pyramids of Egypt, in elephant folio, for which the Society
is indebted to Dr. Samuel George Morton. To the same gentleman it is also
under great obligations for a donation of the first five volumes of the Asiatic
Researches. The Academy’s series of that important and frequently consulted
work is now nearly complete, one volume only being wanting. The Academy
had also the singuiar good fortune to obtain, at the same period, another set of
the same volumes, from its venerable President Mr. William Hembel.

Through the liberality of the late Mrs. Elizabeth Stott, of Philadelphia, the
Library has been enriched the present year by the addition of Wallich’s ele-
gant work, Plante Asiatice Rariores, in three large folio volumes.

To the different scientific Societies, American and foreign, with which the
Academy is in correspondence, its acknowledgments are due for their usual
courtesy and attention, in furnishing their transactions and other publications ;
especially to the Zoological and Linnean Societies of London, the British Asso-
ciation, the Geneva Society, the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the Royal Agricul-
tural Society of Lyons, the Royal Bavarian Society, the Imperial Society of
Naturalists of Moscow, the Imperial Mineralogical Society of St. Petersburg,
the American Philosophical Society, the New York Lyceum, the Boston Society
of Natural History, and the American Academy.

From numerous distinguished correspondents, authors, &c., and from editors
of scientific journals, at home and abroad, the Academy continues to receive
their valuable publications, regarding them as evidences of the general interest
felt in its success, and of their desire to promote its objects and usefulness.

The rapid accumulations from all these sources during the last few years,
have now nearly occupied the availablespace in their present apartment, which, at
the time of the removal of the Library into it from the Hall, less than two years
ago, was considered ample enough for any ordinary rate of increase for a consid-
erable period. If, therefore, the a be so fortunate as to continue to

182 { DECEMBER,

enjoy even a moderate share of that liberality which latterly has been so lavishly
bestowed upon the Library, it will become necessary during the ensuing year to
decide upon some plan for furnishing additional accommodations for the Books
in the adjoining rooms.

A new printed catalogue of the Library, or an appendix to the last, will soon
be required. The present catalogue was published in the year 1837, and em-
braced, according to the report of the Committee appointed to prepare it, 6390
volumes, besides 435 Maps and Charts. The Library has rapidly increased
since that date, and at the present time cannot contain less than 10,000 volumes,
maps, charts, &c. An accurate enumeration will, however, be made of the
works contained in each department, and the result submitted in the next
annual report.

Rich as are the collections of works in the Library, on Natural History, Voy-
ages and Travels, History, Biography, Antiquity and the Fine Arts, &c., and
liberal as have been the recent additions of Dr. Wilson, we are still greatly
deficient in the transactions of foreign learned societies. In this Institution
these publications are of indispensable importance for successfully conducting
investigations in the different branches of science. From the gratifying testi-
monials which the Academy continually receives of the estimation in which it
is held by distinguisbed societies abroad, we are encouraged to believe, thata
more extended correspondence, and offer of interchange cf publications with
these bodies, would be followed by the desired result, and the deficiencies
promptly supplied.

The design stated in the last annual report of furnishing to the Society a list
of miscellaneous works, which it is proposed to reject from the Library, has
been unavoidably deferred until next year. The propriety of this measure is
generally admitted by the members, the space which these books now occupy
being greatly needed for the accommodation of others of more utility.

There are also duplicates of many natural history works of much value,
which might be advantageously exchanged. A list of these will also be pre-
pared and presented to the Society at an early period.

Wm. S. Zanrzincer,

Librarian.
Hall of the Academy, December 26th, 1848.

The following Report of the Curators was read by the Chairman, Dr
Leidy, and ordered to be published.

REPORT

OF THE GURA TORS
For 1848.

The impetus given to the progress of the Academy within a few years by the
extensive and valuable additions to its museum and library from several of its
members, still continues in full vigor. The treasures of nature are constantly
being poured into its stores, sister societies observe us with emulation, and our
journal is abundantly supplied with original memoirs on subjects of Natural
History.

a

1848.] 1338

Since the report of the Curators for 1847 was presented to the Academy, the
Eastern and North-East basement rooms, appropriated to part of the museum,
have been finished, and the collections in Mineralogy, Conchology, Entomology,
&c., have already been nearly arranged in them.

Further accommodations also have been made for the extension of the Orni-
thological collection in the hall of the Academy, by the construction of a row
of foot cases on the outer edge of the upper or third gallery, similar to those
previously existing on the same part of the second gallery.

Every department of the museum has been, and continues to be, carefully
attended to, and to most of them, additions have been. made during the year
1848, of which we will now give a summary.

The Mammalogical collection, in its present condition, numbers 234 mounted
specimens, besides a number of skins, all in a good state of preservation. It
has received an addition of 16 specimens during the past year, principally from
Drs. Watson, Wilson, Goddard, and Mr. Wm. Wood.

The Ornithological cabinet, under the patronage of Dr. Wilson, still continues
to be the most extensive department of our museum, as well as one of the
richest collections in the world. This gentleman, during the past year has
greatly increased it, by the deposit of the second portion of the Rivoli collec-
tion, containing 2584 specimens, and the collection known as that of M. Boucier,
of France, comprising 1039 specimens. We have also to acknowledge our
indebtedness to the liberality of Mr. Edward Harris, for the donation of a col-
lection of rare North American birds, including nearly all the species discovered
by Harris and Audubon during the last expedition of those gentlemen to the
mouth of the Yellow Stone river. Besides the foregoing, we have received
from members and others 14 specimens, several of which are unique, as the
Picus Lecontei, from Dr. Jones, of Georgia, &c.

Dr. Wm. Gambel, the Recording Secretary, presented to the Society, a few
evenings since, a complete catalogue of the Columbide in the Academy’s col-
lection. Catalogues of the Vultures and Owls are also nearly ready, and wil
appear in an early number of the Proceedings.

To our collection in Oology has been added, through the kindness of Professor
Baird, of Carlisle, a donation of eggs of 56 species of 41 genera of American birds,
24 species of which were accompanied by the nests. To Dr. Heerman we
must also express our thanks for seven rare species of eggs from Florid

The Conchological department is still in progress of arrangement by Dr. R. E.
Griffith, in the horizontal cases occupying the floor of the east basement room
and has been much enriched during 1848 from the private cabinets of Dr. Grif-
fith and Dr. Wilson. These latter have not yet been formally presented through
the Curators. We are much indebted to Dr. T. S. Savage, whose zeal in science
is only excelled by his former labors in the religious office of missionary to
Western Africa, for the donation of 226 specimens of shells, comprising 120
species of 60 genera of rare shells from Western Africa. To Mr. Andrew R.
Chambers, of Philadelphia, the gratitude of the Society is owing for the gift of
two cabinets, containing 1200 specimens of shells, being part of the well-known
Hyde collection, formerly deposited in Peale’s museum.

The collection of Crustacea has been arranged by Dr. Bridges during the past

134 [DecemBER,

summer in the north-east basement room of the Academy. During the year
we have received nine specimens,

The collection in Herpetology and Ichthyology is at present undergoing
arrangement preparatory to its removal to the flying gallery in the east base-
ment room. The number of species of Reptilia is as follows: Batrachia 120;
Sauria 150; Ophidia 242; Chelonia? A conjectural estimate of the number
of fishea amounts to 450 species. During 1848, the collection received an addi-
tion of 12 species of reptilia, and 16 species of fishes.

The collection in Comparative Anatomy is in good condition, gradually in-
creases, and comprises at present, exclusive of Dr. Morton’s extensive series of
human crania, 307 crania of mammualia, 658 do. of birds, 68 do. of reptilia, 30
do. of fishes, and 39 mounted skeletons. The collection of Dr. Morton continues
to be probably the largest in the world, numbering at present 819 human crania,
besides 28 casts of crania of various nations, ancient and modern, During 1848
we have received 12 mounted skeletons, from Dre. Wilson, Watson, Meigs, and
Hallowell, and Messrs. Germain, Lambert, and Ashmead; 21 crania from Dr.
Wilson ; and the deposit of 73 crania, principally human, by Dr. Morton.

The collection in Paleontology, so far as arranged, is contained in the two
double rows of horizontal cases occupying the floor of the hall, which, when the
last report of the Curators was written, had not been finished. It has been
greatly enriched during the past year from a variety of sources. We express our
thanks fora magnificent, and, tothe American palzontologist for study and com-
parison, an invaluable gift, from the Honourable Court of Directors of the East
India Company, consisting of 124 well made and coloured casts of fossils from
the Sivalik Hills of India, comprising casts of fragments of 36 species of 25 genera
of mammalia; 1 species of bird; 5 species of 4 genera of reptilia ; avd 1 species
of fish. We cannot appreciate too highly the intelligence of this honourable and
celebrated body, when a voluntary gift of such an expensive character is made,
having no other object in view than the promotion of science. We also feel our
indebtedness to Dr. Thomas Horsfield, Curator of the East India Company’s
museum, fora fine cast of the cranium of Sivatherium giganteum, the original of
which is in the British Museum. To the memory of the late Dr. Carpenter, of
New Orleans, we owe our grateful recollections, for the donation of one-half of
the inferior maxilla and several teeth of the fossil Tapirus Americanus. To Dr.
T. B. Wilson, the lasting gratitude of the Academy is owing, for the largest and
most valuable donation in natural history probably ever made in America, con-
sisting of the following collections: Mr. Conrad’s collection of American fossils,
containing about 3000 specimens and 1000 species; (in this collection are the
criginals of Dr. Morton from the cretaceous formation ;) a general collection
of British fossils, containing 9402 specimens, comprising 2935 species; (this
collection includes the selected specimens from the cabinet of the late Miss
Bennett, of England ;) a collection of 2155 specimens, comprising 501 species,
from the cretaceous formation of France; a collection of German fossils,
containing 650 specimens of 500 species; a collection of Italian fossils
from the tertiary of Piedmont, containing 2000 specimens of 600 species; the
total of which is 17,207 specimens, and 5545 species. Dr. Wilson has also
deposited a very perfect specimen of Ichthyosaurus intermedius. To Mr. Joseph

1848.] 135

Culbertson, we are indebted for the deposit of the unique specimens of the new
genus of fossil mammalia Merycoidodon. The Professors of the Jardin des
Plantes have presented to us several of their beautifully made casts of Anoplo-
therium and Paleotherium. Besides the foregoing we have received 128 speci-
mens from various members and others.

In Entomology, it affords us pleasure to say, that the collection is in an ex-
cellent state of preservation, and is in steady progress of arrangement by Dr.
Zantzinger, and from the many donations in the past two years already numbers
several thousand specimens of Coleopteraand Lepidoptera. The impression which
unfortunately exists, that this department of natural science is not sufficiently
cared for in this institution, we hope will be henceforward removed. Members
and friends of the Academy need not now hesitate before presenting or depositing
collections of insects in the institution, as the danger of their destruction from neg-
lect or other causes no longer exists. At present, this like the other departments, is
under the constant supervision of two officers, whose duty it isnot to permit any
portion of the property of the Society which is placed in their charge to suffer from
neglect or depredation. Jn the course of the last year Dr. Wilson presented 200
specimens of American and foreign Lepidoptera to the cabinet. We also acknow-
ledge our indebtedness to Mr. Wm. Hobson, of Kingsessing, for the donation of
500 determined specimens of British Coleoptera; to Mr. Edward Doubleday, of
the British Museum, for a very fine collection of about 900 determined and ar-
ranged species of British Coleoptera; and to Dr. A. L. Heerman, onr fellow mem-
ber, for numerous specimens of American Lepidoptera, chiefly from Key West,
Florida, many of which are rare.

The Cabinet of Mineralogy and Geology during the past summer has been
carefully and almost completely arranged by our fellow members Messrs.
Vaux, Ashmead and Gambel. It has received some rich additions during the
last year, among which should be particularly mentioned a very large and
valuable donation from Dr. Wilson, numbering in all 2039 specimens, almost
exclusively European, many of them of the rarest and choicest character.
Our cabinet of European minerals is now one of the best in the country, although
still very deficient in American specimens. The example which has been set
by Dr. Wilson we hope may induce others to supply this deficiency.

To M. Bourcier of France, through Dr. Wilson, we have become indebted for
the donation of 70 very fine specimens of blue and green carbonate, and red oxide
of copper, among which are many and rare modifications of the primitive crystal-
line form. Norshould we fail to mention the deposit by Mr. Vaux, of an enormous
crystal of Beryl, weighing 185 tbs., from Acworth, New Hampshire. Besides
these there were presented 40 specimens of minerals by several of the members
and others. Among them, are some of the more lately discovered minerals, pre-
sented by Mr. Markoe of Washington, and some fine specimens of Elba iron
ore from Dr. Carson.

The unrestricted admission of persons to the museum of the Academy upon the
afternoons of Tuesdays and Saturdays, having been found to be attended with
some injury and even destruction of its furniture, caused the Society,
last year, to change one of the days of exhibition, viz. Saturday to Friday, and
to issue gratuitous tickets of admission, to be obtained from members upon ap-
plication. This arrangement has been followed by the most beneficial effects ;

-

136 [DeceMBER,

persons really desirous of inspecting the collections, take the trouble to procure
a ticket, with which they feel responsible for their conduct; the introduction of
crowds is also avoided, which, from constant motion, give rise to dust, so detri-
mental to the more perishable articles in a natural history collection. The janitor,
whokeeps a register of the names and residences of visitors to the Museum onthe
Exhibition days, informs me that upwards of three thousand persons have availed
themselves of this privilege since the middle of May last, when the new
arrangement went into effect. This is an average of about 380 admissions pet
month, or nearly 5000 per annum.
Josern Lerpy,
December 26th, 1848. Chairman of Curators.

The Academy then proceeded to an election for Officers for 1849.
The following were reported by the tellers as elected :—

PRESIDENT.
William Hembel.

VICE PRESIDENTS.

J. Price Wetherill,
Samuel George Morton, M. D.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
John Cassin.

RECORDING SECRETARY.
William Gambel, M. D.

LIBRARIAN,
William S. Zantzinger, M. D.

TREASURER.
George W. Carpenter.

CURATORS.
Joseph Leidy, M. D.,
William S. Vaux,
Samuel Ashmead,
John Cassin.

AUDITORS.
Robert Pearsall,
William S. Vaux,
Robert Bridges, M. D.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.
William S. Vaux,
S. G. Morton, M. D.,
William Gambel, M. D.,
Robert E. Griffith, M. D.,
Samuel Ashmead.

re ii ee

1848.] . 137

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM
In NovEMBER AND DECEMBER.

November th.

Cranium of Alligator Mississippiensis, one of a Delphinus, three of the Orang
of Borneo, and one of a Simia. Deposited by Dr. Morton.

Two living specimens of Phrynosoma cornuta, from New Mexico. From Dr.
McMurtrie.

Two specimens 9 and 3 of Sciurus cinereus, from Delaware. Presented by
Dr. Heerman.

Trichiurus lepturus, from Long Island. From Mrs. Jane E. Spooner, of New
York, through Prof. Germain.

A curious variety of the domestic duck (Anas boschus) having the toes uncon-
nected by webs; raised near Mount Laurel, N. J. Presented by Mr. Percival.

One hundred specimens of Reptilia, collected in South Carolina, and presented
by Mr. Reid.

November 14th.

Numerous specimens of Salt from Mingo lake, in Texas, about 50 miles from
Metamoras, Mexico ; with the following memorandum: “ The lake is a mile and
a half in length, and half a mile in width, and so strongly formed is the body of
salt on the surface, that wagons, or loaded mules,can be driven over it, without
danger of breaking through. The rapidity of its formation, without any artificial
process, or mechanical aid, is most remarkable, as the inhabitants cut it out, in
large blocks or cakes, around the margin of the lake, and in a day or two it is
replaced by another supply equally thick.” Brought from Metamoras by Col.
Wm. Davenport, U. S. A., and presented by Mrs. Davenport.

Eleven human Crania—Shawnee, Seminole, and nine Peruvian, and one cast of
a Caffre. Deposited by Dr. S. G. Morton.

Cranium of Emys—River Amazon.

Four large specimens of Ostrea Georgiana, from Sheil Bluff, Savanah river.
From Mr. Reid of S. Carolina.

Ardea rufescens, young, and Picus tridactylis,@ and Q from Europe. ‘From
Dr. Heerman.

Three fragments of maxille of fossil Tapirus Americanus? described in Silli-
man’s Journal for 1846. From Texas. Presented by the late Wm. M. Carpenter,
M. D., of New Orleans, through Mr. B. M. Norman.

November 21st.

Cast of an Asterias found at Scoharie, N. S. Presented by Mrs. J. E. Spooner,
through Prof. L. J. Germain.

Four specimens of Fossils from Catskill, and one specimen of an Orthoceras.
Presented by Prof. L. J. Germain.

Fourteen hundred and ninety-three specimens of foreign minerals; 21 speci-
mens of American minerals ; 135 specimens of Vesuvian minerals ; 90 specimens
of Auvergne minerals and rocks, and 300 specimens of New Holland minerals and
rocks. Presented by Dr. Wilson.

Seventy specimens of blue and green Carbonate of Copper, from Chessy, France,
Presented by Mons. Bourcier, of Lyons, through Dr. Wilson.

Specimen of Chromate of Lead from Berisoff, Siberia. Presented by Mr.

H. Heuland, of London, through Dr. Wilson.

’ A large specimen of Stalactite, from Derbyshire, presented by Mr. Adams, of
Derbyshire, through Dr. Wilson.

One hundred and sixty-five species (427 specimens) of British Fossils, chiefly
from the Chalk, Wealden, Oolite,Carboniferous, Limestone and old Red Sandstone

ormations ; 150 species (643 additional specimens) from the Bennett collection ;

138 [Decemper,

501 species (2155 specimens) from the Cretaceous formation of France. Pre-
rented by Dr. Wilson.

A very perfect specimen of Ichthyosaurus intermedius. Deposited by Dr.
Wilson.

Mounted specimen of Simia Satyrus. Presented by Mr. T. C. Percival and
Dr. Bridges.

December 5th.

Three specimens of Stigmaria in sandstone, and one specimen of Ferns in slate,
from Hazleton coal field. From Mr. Samuel Powell.
Nine specimens of Fern, &c., inslate, from Tamaqua mine. Presented by M. D.

Eyre.

Sulphuret of Copper from Schuyler mines, N. J. Presented by T, F. Moss.
Pholas californica, from California. From Dr. A. 4. Henderson, U. S. N.
Epbialtes Asio, adult female, and young male, from Chester County, Pa. Pre-

sented by Dr. S. W. Woodhouse.

Two specimens, male and female, of albino Numida meleagris, raised in Abing-
don, Montgomery county, Pa. Presented by Chas. S. Fletcher.

December 12th.

Four specimens of Eocene strata of Vicksburg. Presented by T. A. Conrad.

Collection made by Mr. W. S. Pease, in Mexico, consisting of one skin of
Bassaris, one skin of Pseudostoma; reptilia (of the genera Columella, Lepto-
phus, Xenodon, Salamandra, &c.,) and six tortoises ; fifty specimens Lepidoptera ;
and several minerals. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson. Also, 131 bird skins,
from the same collection. Deposited by the same.

December 19th.

Mounted specimen of Hydromys (Myoptamus) coypus, from Chili. Pre-
sented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Mounted specimen of Sciurus ferruginiventris, from Monterey, Mexico. Pre-
sented by Mr. Wm. Wood.

Amblyopsis pellucidus, from Mammoth cave, Kentucky. Presented by Mrs.
C. H. Greff.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY,
In NoveMBER AND DecemMpER, 1848.
November 7th.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 2. Nos. 6, 7, 8.
From the Editors.

American Journal of Science and Arts. Second Series. No. 18. From the
Editors.

Monographie des Coléoptéres subpentameéres de la famille des Phytophages.
Par M. Th. Lacordaire. 2 vols. 8vo. From the Author.

Révision de la famille des Cicindélides, par M. Lacordaire. From the same.

Annales de la Société Royale d’ Agriculture, &c., de Lyon. Tome ix. 8vo.
From the Society.

Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. Années, 1845—'46. 8vo. From the
same.

Note sur l’emploi du sucre pour préserver les chaudiéres 4 vapeur des incrus-
tations salines. Par M. Quinon. From the same.

Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York on
the condition of the Cabinet of Natural History. From the Regents.

Ueber den Bau der Ganoiden, &c., von Joh. Muller. From Dr. Leidy.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der naturlichen Familien der Fische. Von J. Miller.
From the same.

nie a

1848.) 139

Bericht uber die von Hernno Kochin Alabama, gesammelten fossilien Knochen-
reste seines Hydrarchus. Von J. Muller. From the same.

Fernere Bemerkungen tiber den bau der Ganoiden. Von J. Muller. From the
same.

Beschreibung neuer Asteroiden. Von J. Miller und F. H. Troschel. From
the same.

Observationes quedam Entomologice de Oxybelo uniglume, atque Milto-
gramma conica. Auctore C. Th. E. de Siebold. From the same.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following works:

An introduction to the Birds of Australia. By John Gould. 8vo.

Bibliographia Zoologie et Geologie. By Prof. Louis Agassiz. Edited by
H. S. Strickland. Vol. 1. 8vo.

The Correspondence of John Ray. Edited by Edwin Lankester, M.-D. 8vo.
(Ray Society Publication.)

Phycologia Britannica. By William Henry Harvey, M.D. Part 33. 8vo.

Palzontographica. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt. Herausgegeben
von Dr. W. Dunker und Herm. Von Meyer. Vol. 1. No. 4. 4to.

Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie. Herausgegeben von Karl Th. Menke, M. D.,
und Dr. Louis Pfeiffer. Jan., 1848.

Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. By P. H. Gosse. Part 6. 8vo.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 66. 4to.

History of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Ed. Forbes, and S.
Hanley, Part 9. 8vo.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 2. 2d series. No. 9.

Monograph of the British Nudibranchiate Mollusca. By Joshua Alder and
Albany Hancock. Part 4. 4to.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 18. 4to.

Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. By Andrew Smith, M. D. No.
28. 4to.

The Entomological Cabinet, being a Natural History of British Insects. By
George Samouelle. 2 vols. 12mo.

The Entomologist’s Text Book. By J.O. Westwood. 12mo.

Johannes Godartius on Insects. 4to.

Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum.
Part 3.

List of Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the British Museum. Ap-
pendix.

The Birds of Australia. By John Gould. Parts 35 and 36. Folio.

Essays on the Microscope. By George Adams. 4to.; and Atlas 4to.

Monograph of the British Naked-eyed Meduse. By Edward Forbes. 4to. (Ray
Society Publication.) ‘
The Dodo and its kindred. By H. E. Strickland and A. G. Melville, M. D.
Ato.

D’Amboinischer Rariteitkamer, &. Door Geo. E. Rumphius. Folio. ©

Revue Zoologique. No. 6. 1848.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 28. Nos. 7, 8.

The following were deposited by Dr. R. E. Griffith :

Abulfedz descriptio Mgypti; edidit J. D. Michelis. 8vo.

Prosperi Alpini de Plantis H#gypti liber. 4to.

Fabi Columne Lyncei Phytobasanos cui accesit vita Febi et Lynceoum notitia
annotationesque in Phytobasanon Jano Planco Ariminense auctore. 4to.

Kiliani Stobai Opuscula. 4to.

Compendium Florez Germanie. Scripserunt M. Jos. Bluff et Car. Ant. Fin-
gerhuth. 2 vols. 12mo.

Caroli Clusii Atrebat. Rariorum aliquot Stirpium per Hispanias observatorum
historia. 8vo.

Index systematicus Muse#i Geversiani. 8vo.

The Philadelphia Medical and Physical Journal. By Benj. S. Barton, M. D.
Vol. 3. 8vo.

20

140 [Decemner,

November 21et.

Literary Record and Journal of the Linnean Association of Pennsylvania Col-
lege. Vol. 3. No.2. From the Association.

Descriptions of some of the species of naked, air-breathing Mollusca, inhabit-
ing the United States. By Amos Binney. Deposited by Dr. Griffith.

Notice of some works, recently published, on the nomenclature of Zoology.
By A. A. Gould, M.D. From the same.

Descriptions of twelve new species of Uniones. By Isaac Lea. From the

same.
Descriptions of some new Fossil Shells from the Tertiary of Petersburg, Va.

By Henry ©. Lea. From the same.
Third Annual Report on the Geology of Vermont. ByO.B. Adams. From the

same.

Description d’ un genre nouveau de Coquille vivante, Bivalve, des Mers de
Chili. Par M. Des Moulins. From the same.

Beschreibung der in der grossen knochen Héhle-Tennessee (N. A.) gefun-
denen fossilen Knochen des Megalonyx laqueatus von Dr. Harlan; verdeutscht
durch Charles Cramer. From Mr. Cramer.

Materials for a Fauna and Flora of Swansea, and the neighbourhood. By L.
W. Dillwyn. 8vo. From the author.

Review of the references to the Hortus Malabaricus. (L. W. Dillwyn.) From
the same.

Hortus Collinsonianus; an account of the plants cultivated by the late Peter
Collinson. 8vo. (L. W. Dillwyn.) From the same.

Some account of a Lusus of the hybrid Cytisus Adami, at Sketty Hall. By
L. W. Dillwyn, 8vo. From the same.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following: — -

Voyage in Abyssinie ; par MM. Ferrett et Galinier. Texte Livs. 5—8. 8vo.
Planches, Livs. 5—8, folio.

Verhandelingen over de Naturlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche
Bezittingen. Landen Volkenkunde. No. 10. Folio.

Over de Zoogdiéren von den Indischen-Archipel, door Salomon Muller. Folio.

Synbole Physice. (F.G. Hemprich et C.G. Ehrenberg.) Insecte, Decas
4to. Folio.

Fauna Japonica; Auctore P. F. de Siebold. Sauria et Batrachia, No. 1; Che-
lonia, No. 1; Ophidia, No. 1; Crustacea, Nos. 1—5 ; Aves, Nos. 3—6. Folio.

Fauna Marchica. Die Wirbelthiere der Mark Brandenburg, bearbeitet von J.
H. Shultz. Nos. 1—4.

Notes et observationes sur la ponte des Oiseaux qui se trouvent al’ ouest de la
France. Par J.C. Lapierre. 8vo.

Revue Zoologique. Nos. 7,8. 1848.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 2. 2d series. No. 10.

The South African Quarterly Journal. 2d Series. Nos. 1, 2, 3.

Ova Avium plurimarum ab O. des Murs.

Tentamen Monographie generis Pheton. Par. M. Brandt.

Rapport sur une Monographie de Ja famille des Alcadées. Par M. Brandt.

Die vollstandigste Naturgeschichte des In-und Auslandes. Von H. G. Ludwig
Reichenbach. Nos. 1—39. 8vo.

Ornithologischer beitrag zur Fauna Groenlands von Carl Holbéll. 8vo.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. No. 67. 4to.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. Hussey. Part 19. 4to.

Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. By Philip H. Gosse. No. 7.

Phycologia Britannica. By Wm. H. Harvey, M.D. Part 34.

A history of British Mollusca. By Prof. Forbes and Sylvanus Hanley. Part

10. 8vo.
Notes sur les mammiféres et sur 1’ Ornithologie de I’ ile de Madagascar. Par

M. Victor Sganzin. 4to.
The Taxidermist’s Manual, &c. By Capt. Thomas Brown. 12mo.

M. Th. Briinnichti Ornithologia Borealis, &. 12mo.

1848.] 141

Contributions towards a Catalogue of Plants ind!zenous to the neighborhood
of Tenby. 8vo.

Contributions to Ornithology, 1848. By Sir Wm. Jardine.

Galerie des Mollusques, ou Catalogue des Mollusques et Coquilles de Museum
de Donai. Par MM. Potiez et Michaud. 4 vols. 8vo.

Historia natural y moral de las Indias, por el Padre Joseph de Acosta. 4to.

Animal Chemistry. By Justus Liebig, M.D. Hdited by Wm. Gregory, M.D.
2d edition. 8yo.

Familiar letters on Chemistry. By Justus Liebig, M.D. Edited by John
Gardner, M.D. 34d edition. 2 vols. 8vo.

Chemistry in its applications to Agriculture and Physiology. By Justus
Liebig, M. D. Edited by Lyon Playfair, Ph. D. 3d edition. 8vo.

Taschenbuch der Deutschen Végelkunde oder kurze Beschreibung aller Vogel
Deutschlands von H. de Meyer und Prof. a Wolfe. 2 vols. 8vo.

A practical Treatise on British Song Birds. By Joseph Nash. 8vo.

Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und Fite Deutschland oder kurze Beschrei-
bung aller Végel Deutschlands von J. M. Bechstein. 12mo.

A narrative of a visit to the Mauritius and South Africa. By Jas. Backhouse.
8vo.

A narrative of a visit to the Austrian Colonies. By James Backhouse. 8yo.

Faune Ornithologique de la Sicile, par Alfred Malherbe. 8vo.

Synopsis Mammalium. Auctore J. Baptista Fischer, M. D. 8vo.

Description des Mammiféres et d’ Oiseaux réecemment decouverts, &c. Par M.
Lesson. 8vo. (Supplement aux ceuvres de Buffon.)

Faune de Maine et Loire. Par P. A. Millett. 2 vols. 8vo.

A catalogue of the organic remains of the county of Witts. By Etheldred
Benett. 4to.

A systematic catalogue of British Insects, &. By James F. Stephens. 8yo.

Traité sommaire des Coquilles tant finviatiles que terrestres quise trouvent
aux environs de Paris. Par M. Geoffroy, 12mo.

The natural history of the rarer Lepidopterous ee of Georgia; collected
from the observations of Mr. John Abbott. By James Edward Smith, M.D.
2 vols. Folio.

Histoire générale et iconographie des Lepidoptéres et des Chenilles de L’Ame-
rique Septentrionale ; par le Dr. Boisduval et M. J. Le Conte. Tome ler.
8yvo.

Traité de Fauconnerie; par MM. H. Schlegel, et J. A. O. Van Wolverhorst.
Livs. 1. et 2. Elephant folio.

Ittiolitologia Veronese del Museo Bozziano ora annesso a quello del Conte
Giovambattista Gazola e di altri Gabinetti di Fossili Veronesi. Folio.

Jacobi Christiani Schefferi Elementa Ornithologica. 4to. 2d edition.

Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabhen und Krebse, &. Von Johann HY
W. Herbst. 4to., and Atlas folio.

Libellulinz Europe, descripte ac depictz a Toussaint de Phaence 4to.

An introduction to Lamarck’s Conchology. By Edmund A. Crouch. 4to.

Systematische Darstellung der Fortpflanzung der Vogel Kuropa’s mit Abbil. der
Hier. Im Vereine mit Lud. Brehm und G. A. W. Thienemann ; herausgegeben

von F. A. L. Thienemann. 4to.

Traité Anatomique de la Chenille qui ronge le bois de Saule, &c. ParPierre
Lyonet. 4to.)

Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis dispositio Echinodermatum. Sciagraphia
Lithologica curiosa sur Lapidum figuratorum nomenclator, olim a celebri J. J.

, Scheuchzero, auctus, &c. a J.T. “Klein. Jacobi T. Klein historia Piscigm
naturalis, &c. (in 1 vol. 4to.

Vergniigen der Augen und des Gemiiths in Vorstellung einer Allgemeinen
Sammlung von Muscheln und Schneckden von Georg W olfang Knorr. 6 vols. in
3. 4to.

Ausfihrliche Nachricht von neuentdeckten Zooliten unbekanntner vierfiissiger
Thiere, &. Von J.F. Esper. Folio.

Descriptiones et icones Amphibiorum. Auctore Dr. J. Wagler. Folie,

142 (DECEMBER,

Illustrations of Zoology, &c. By James Wilson. Folio. :

Teutsche Ornithologie, oder Naturgeschichte aller Vogel Teutschlande; heraus-
gegeben von Borkhausen, Lichthamer und Berker dem Jungen. Folio.

Descriptions and anecdotes of the Orang-Outangs now exhibiting at the Egyp-
tian Hall, Piccadilly.

Dell’ Uccello Messicano quezalt e dei Trogonodi cui appartienne di Carlo L.
Bonaparte.

List of Specimens of British animals in the British Museum. Part let. List of
specimens of British sponges in the same. Synopsis of the contents of the same.

Description, history, and anecdotes of the Giraffes, now exhibiting in the Surrey
Zoological Gardens. By J E, Warwick. 2d edition. 8vo.

Report of the Council and Auditors of the Zoological Society of London, 1832
to 1848. Report on the farm of do., at Kingston Hill, for 1832, List of the
Fellows and Members of the same, 1847. List of the Animals in the gardens in
do ,1833 and 1837, Gardens and menageries of the same delineated. Quadrupeds
and Birds. 2 vols. 8vo.

The Tower Menagerie. 8vo.

The learned Societies and printing clubs of the United Kingdom. By the Rev.
A. Hume, LL.D. 8vo.

The London Catalogue of Books from 1845 to 1846. 8yvo,

The Book collector’s hand-book. 8vo. 1845.

Catalogue raisonné d’ Oiseaux de I’ Algerie, par M. Alfred Malherbe.

Catalogue des objects d’ histoire naturelle composant le Cabinet de MM. Ver-

raux, pere et fils.
Catalogue de tous les objects dans un cabinet d’ histoire naturelle en vente

Lorienne. 4to.

Catalogue du Musée Départmental des Antiquités de Rouen. 12mo.

Catalogue des genera, et des especes les plus remarkable comprenantla collec-
tione de Coquilles de M. Castellin. 8vo.

Catalogue des Crustacées dans le Boulonnais, par M. Bouchard Chanteraux ;
Observations sur le genre Ancyle, par le meme, (in one vol.) Catalogue des
Mollusques a1’ etat vivant dans le department du Pas-de-Calais, par le meme.
8yo.

Musée des Thermes et de 1’ hotel de Cluny. Notice. 12mo.

The Naturalist’s Library. Introduction to Entomology. Vol. 1 ; Mammalia,
Horses, 1 vol. ; Introduction to the Mammalia, 1 vol.

The Library of Entertaining Knowledge. Domestic habits of Birds, 2 vols. :
Architecture of do., 2 vols.; Faculties of do., 2 vols.; The Menageries, Qua-
drupeds, 8 vols. ; Insect Architecture, 3 vols.

The Natural History of Selborne. By the Rev. Gilbert White ; with notes by
Capt. Brown. 12mo.

Catalogue of the recent Shells in the collection of John Adamson, Esq.

The Dublin University Museum ; June, 1847.

Report of the Meteorological Committee of the South African Association,
1836 and 1837; Annual Reports of do., 1830—1833; Regulations of do, 1832.

Annual Reports of the Council of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society for 1845

and ’46.
Abstract of Proceedings of the Cape of Good Hope Association for exploring

Central Africa. 8vo.
Comptes Rendus. Nos. 9, 10, 11. Tome 27.

Isis von Oken. Heft 4. 1848.
December 5th.
Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscow. Nos. 3, 4, 1847.

1, 2, 1848. From the Society.
Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie ; herausgegeben von Karl Th. Menke. 1844,

1846. Dvoposited by Dr. Griffith.
Synopsis of the Flora of the Western States. By John L, Riddell. 8vo. From

¢he same.

1848.) 143

Manuel d’Entomologie; par M. Boitard. 2 vols. 12mo. From Dr. Leidy.

De Selachiorum et Ganoideorum Encephalo. Auctor Gulielmus Busch. 4to.
From the same.

Disquisitiones anatomico-comparative de membro piscium pectorali. Auctor
Carolus Mettenheimer. 4to. From the same.

Prof. Patterson’s address before the Linnean Association of Pennsylvania Col-
lege. From M. L. Stoever, Esq.

Notes on the Geology of Charleston, S.C. By F.S. Holmes. 3 copies. From
the author.

Report on the subject of International Exchanges. By Alexander Vattemare.
From J. L. Dix, Esq.

Hermolai Barbari Patritii Venetii in C. Plinii naturalis historia libros castiga-
tiones. 8vo. 1534. From Dr. Morton. ,

Asiatic Researches. Vols. 1—5. 4tv. From the same.

Asiatic Researches. Vols. 1—5. 4to. From Wm. Hembel.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following :

Journal de la navigation autour du Globe de la Thetis et de l’Esperance, pen-
dant les Annees 18226. Texte. 4to. tomes 9; planches folio, tome 1.

Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l’Oceanie sur les Corvettes L’Astrolabe et La
Zelée pendant les an. 1837—’40. Texte 8vo., tomes 9; planches folio, tomes 6.

Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate la Venus, pendant les an. 1836—39.
Texte 8vo. tomes 9, planches folio, tomes 4.

Histoire naturelle des Perroquets, (pour faire suite aux deux vols. de Levail-
lant.) Parle Dr. A. B. Saint Hilaire. Folio.

Exvosition methodique des genres de l’ordre des Polypiers ; par J. Lamouroux.
Ato.
Histoire naturelle des Iles Canaries; par MM. Webb et Berthelot. Tomes 4to.
8, folio, 1.

Traité élémentaire de Conchyliologie. Par C.P.Deshayes. 8vo.

Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux d’Europe. Par Pierre Boitard. 4to.

Traité élémentaire de Paléontologie. Par F. J. Pictet. 4 vols. 8vo.

Histoire des Coquilles qui vivent aux environs de Paris. Par Brard. 12mo.

The Ornithologist’s Text Book. By Neville Wood, Esq. 8vo.

The Naturalist’s Library. Natural history of the Birds of Great Britain. By

Sir W. Jardine. 4vols. 8vo.
December 12th.

Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. New series. Vol.

3. 4to. - From the Academy.
The anatomy of the human body. By John and Charles Bell. 3 vols. 8vo.

From Dr. Dawson.
December 19th.

The Ethnological Journal. Edited by Luke Burke, Esq. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4.
Jane, July, August, and September, 1848. From the Editor, through G. R.

Gliddon, Esq.

MAG
ERY. “ratad -
ee a

fila, ar i’ viehins Dat Pd witout’ 4 .
a le 4 Sadeghi at Vinal ae

is il

; oonney SE Tisai auete 1 Alan
Lae : ia gemma aiile ns ee
+t QcPrrta) |
oy ee + fre a ‘batt? wf aN ater ob voles soltnidg af ae x

+0 Lad E AD OMMOT OO AeA» Bi

That raha peiry ) dad Quer oO} emo. etal, ia bel A neal
- PPS} ands way a ee ee ee

eee ah, ae eberk ana ni wruyveiat tte oie ab Tue ‘ears

d ie oi irl als nmrdjeecadey ., 5

-Carnt A" alist aduh, Bi ~ sbicn SIU ren ) peteaeeepy tent Aorrrties

tnd. oledittwcieS Aha Lads:
aateteant hd Aw eren ati orb nada pe NAY Ae Span ‘

ou itiicot Avge iseikte » al re , Secwnetld ons] t enh: Oly) etme
WAL Ae heal oUl'on¢ malot ‘ileal ity

ie 4 fe ‘teal 4: s: ? oe “i deledoow) 2b otiedne Ae
=) Do eee gh, bc{aneelD Ve canst? ct ce
wun nl 134 ve fin 4 che She « Ghai tee laA, why Anat os
a Died ad 4, cise ret) Mihir a) dd aot aur OF dang J
[inh owe MeOH gle teolhaige fa! ee prlodt pe

oP ~

@
oy | gia gat) See anit oud.) «Lead ae
F t, vail * hn eb ad ow
‘ : i ~ ni” ee
= r » eos eae \ a : ‘ _ m “a 4 _ _
; Yer A we Sg Mle tetcabeate@anain A Pt ie
¥ c. “ ‘ Yonah oil! ~
oe nit ao) fom matt wl Paint depend eta tes main “=
— rm : oe Ne
— oe ; 7 wean): OR
’ wht ‘ “wal Wp aahy uth "J
» : ,* if a ni ‘ sine a Tar ny J? Sierpes © tes ny fn
me lal yen i tee. an rrcligt s > tel
= sl a?
= "
hie - F s &
“oe :
gs Te i) a 7
a [may
: BS he , _
ne = 7 + - 1 a é ~e . om
Ss, a. a es
> EO +o Sar nO oe

shea al ahi | :
vat are as sl ce Ties vere cm r 7"

1849.) 145

January 9th, 1849.
Mr. ASHMEAD in the Chair.

Letters were read from Dr. B. F. Shumard, dated Louisville, Ken-
tucky, November 20, 1848, and Dr. L. P. Yandel, of same date,
severally acknowledging the receipt of their notices of election as
Correspondents.

A letter was read from H. Smith, M. D., dated St. James’ Place,
London, Ist December, 1848, proposing exchanges of Reptilia with
the Academy, and transmitting a list of those in his possession. Re-
ferred to the Curators.

Prof. H. D. Rogers stated that his views of the formation of moun-
tain ridges by the upheaving of the crust of the earth from subterranean
causes, had been amply confirmed in a tour to Europe, which he re-
cently made for that purpose.

Dr. Leidy offered the following observations on the existence of the
intermaxillary bone in the embryo of the human subject :

The immortal Goethe, I believe, was the first to point out the existence of the
os intermaxillare in the human subject, but it has only been observed in an
abnormal condition, or where there has been an arrest of development in con-
nection with some cases of hare-lip ; and the period of life in which it is found
as a distinct piece, and its exact limits, have not yet been accurately determined.
The universality of the presence of the os intermaxillare in all animals below
man, its presence as a distinct piece in an abnormal condition in man always
defined by a lateral fissure which characterizes it as the incisive bone, and the
uniform existence of a transverse fissure behind the incisive alveoli of the os
maxillare superius of the human feetus at birth, have led many anatomists to
suspect its normal and independent existence in the embryotic condition of man
at an earlier period than it has been sought for.

As the negro in his anatomical characters is not so far removed from the
embryological conditioa as the white, it is to be presumed that the intermaxillary
bone would remain longer distinct ; and under such an impression I have sey-
eral times desired medical students, from our Southern States, whose opportu-
nities of investigating the anatomy of the negro are frequent, to make this a
subject ofinquiry. Such an opinion cannot be considered unworthy of attention,
when it is recollected that Tschudi mentions the existence of a true os interpa-
rietale, as a constant condition, in certain branches of the aboriginal inhabitants
of Peru, the Chinchas, Aymaras and Huancas.

Recently having had an opportunity of examining several human embryos, in
one of them I was fortunate enough to detect the intermaxillary bone as a dis-
tinct and independent piece. This embryo measured one inch and eleven
lines from heel to vertex, andI presumed it to be abut nine or ten weeks old.
In it ossification had already advanced in the superior maxillary and inter-

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA.—VOL. IV. NO. VII.

146 [JANUARY,

maxillary bones sufficiently to give them a determinate form, and their appear-
ance, when magnified, is represented in the figures 1 and 2, which were taken
from the specimens through the aid of the camera lucida.

Fig. 1. Fig. 2.

ad

Fig. 1 represents the superior maxillary and intermaxillary bones, much mag-
nified, of a human embryo. The drawing was taken from the right side through
the aid of the camera lucida, which reverses its position. a. superior maxillary
bone; 5. intermaxillary bone; c¢. line of articulation between the two bones;
d. palatine process: ¢. alveolar groove.

Fg. 2 represents the antero-inferior surface of the separated intermaxillary
bone, much magnified. (From the left side, but reversed by the camera.) a.
ascending or nasal process; 4. articulating surface for the superior maxillary
bone; c. incisor alveoli.

The greatest breadth of the two bones in apposition is one line and two-thirds;
the greatest height, being at the ascending or nasal process, in one line. The
two pieces present a facial portion, consisting of the ascending or nasal process
and part of the body of the bones ; an alveolar ridge and groove and a palatine
process projecting backward from the superior maxillary bone. They are easily
separable at this period, and the articulation passes through the alveolar ridge,
at a point corresponding to the separation between the incisor alveoli and the
canine alveolus, and extends transversely inwards behind the incisor alveoli,
and vertically upwards, dividing the nasal process into two nearly equal por-
tions. On the posterior surface of the nasal process the articulation is at the
bottom of a comparatively deep and wide groove, which however does not ap-
pear to be part of the lachrymal canal, as the latter appears afterwards and ex-
ternal to the former groove. The preparations exhibiting these interesting
points which prove the existence of the same law, throughout the animal king-
dom, governing the formation of the upper maxillary bones, I present for the
inspection of the members of the Academy.

In an embryonic skelton in the Wistar Museum, measuring three and one

sot nl Ie eel

1849.] 147

eighth inches in length, and purporting to be about nine weeks old, which,
however, I think too youug, the maxillo-intermaxillary articulation is still
evident at the ascending process, but it does not divide the latter so equally,
being more internal and inferior, apparently from a more rapid development of
the nasal process of the true maxillary bone. Just above the alveolar ridge they
are already anchylosed together.

In another embryo, in the same museum, measuring three and one-fourth
inches in length, the two bones have become firmly united, excepting behind the
incisor alveoli, but the line of original separation is readily traced out, from a
greater degree of thinness and transparency along its course. The nasal process
of the true maxillary bone hes so much increased beyond the nasal process of
the intermaxillary bone, that the latter no more ascends to the summit of the
former, but is considerably inferior and internal.

In the foetal skeleton, measuring five inches in length, all traces of the inter-
articulation have disappeared, except behind the incisor alveoli, which latter
portion, as is well known, does not usually disappear until some time after birth,
and in some instances is found in the adult cranium.

January 23d, 1849.
Mr. PuiIturrs in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Baroness Berzelius, dated Stockholm,
September 15, 1848, announcing to the Academy the decease of her
late husband, the Baron Berzelius, a Correspondent of this Institu-
tion.

oe

January 30th, 1849.
Dr. BripGss in the Chair.

The Auditors reported that they had examined the account of the
Treasurer for 1848, and had found it correct.

The Monthly Report of the corresponding Secretary was read and
adopted.

The resolution offered by Dr. Leidy, at the last meeting for business,
was then taken up, that the following Article of the By-Laws be
amended :

“ Chap. 6th, Art. 1. There shall be seven standing Committees,
viz,—the Auditors, to consist of three members; the Mineralogical
and Geological Committee, and the Zoological Committee, to consist
of seven members each; the Publication, Library and Botanical Com-
mittees, and the Committee on Physics, to consist every one of five
members, whose term of service shall be one year. And all these,
except the Auditors and Publication Committee, shall be elected at
the last meeting of January in each year.”

So as to read thus :

‘There shall be fifteen Standing Committees, viz.: 1. The Ethno-
logical Committee ; 2, the Committee on Comparative Anatomy and

-

148 [JANUARY,

General Zoology; 3, Committee on Mammalogy ; 4, on Ornithology ;
5, on Herpetology and Ichthyology ; 6, on Conchology ; 7, on Ento-
mology; 8, on Botany; 9, on Paleontology; 10, on Geology
and Mineralogy; 11, on Physics; 12, on the Lnbrary; 13, on
the Proceedings; 14, the Auditors; and 15, the Publication
Committee ; each to consist of three members, whose term of service
shall be one year. And all these, except the Auditors and
Publication Committee, shall be elected at the last meeting in January
of each year.”

The amendment was adopted.

The Society then proceeded to an election for the Standing Commit-
tees, in accordance with the above amended By-Law. ‘The following
members were elected.

COMMITTEES FoR 1849.

1. Ethnology.,
S. G. Morton, J. S. Phillips,
Charles Pickering.

2. Comparative Anatomy and Physiology.
Joseph Leidy, 8. G. Morton,
Edward Hallowell.

3. Mammalogy.

J. 8. Phillips Joseph Leid
” §. W. Woodhouse.
4. Ornithology.
Edward Harris, John Cassin,
William Gambel.
5. Herpetology and Ichthyology.
Edward Hallowell, Robert E. Griffith,
J. K. Townsend.

6. Conchology.

Robert E. Griffith, T. A. Conrad,

Henry C. Lea.

7. Entomology and Crustacea.
S. 8. Haldeman, Robert Bridges,
Wn. S. Zantzinger.
8. Botany.

Robert Bridges, Wn. S. Zantzinger,

Gavin Watson.

9. Palzxontology.

T. A. Conrad, Richard C. Taylor,

Thomas B. Wilson.

1849.] 149

10. Geology and Mineralogy.

J. Price Wetherill, Samuel Ashmead,
William S. Vaux.

11. Physics.

Thomas C. Percival, Samuel Powel,
Robert Kilvington.
12. Inbrary.
Robert Pearsall, A. L. Elwyn,

John Lambert.
13. Committee on Proceedings.

S. G. Morton, Wn. S. Zantzinger,
Joseph Leidy.

ELECTION OF CORRESPONDENT.

M. Jules Verreaux, of Paris, was elected a Correspondent of the
Academy.

February 6th, 1849.
Mr. Puitures in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Regents of the University of the State
of New York, dated Albany, 31st January, 1849, acknowledging the
receipt of late Numbers of the Proceedings.

A letter addressed to Vice President Morton, from J. D. Dana, Esq.,
dated New Haven, January 26, 1849, desiring the Academy to unite
with other Institutions in petitioning Congress to increase the edition
of the Scientific portion of the U. S. Exploring Expedition works.
Referred to the following Committee: Mr. Cassin, Dr. Wilson, and
Dr. Leidy.

Also a letter from Dr. C. T. Kenworthey, dated Petersburg, Va.,
February 2, 1849, requesting information in regard to making collec-
tions in Zoology, and tendering his services for such purpose during
his stay in South America, which country he is about to visit.

A Memoir by Dr. Morton was read, entitled ‘‘ Additional Observa-
tions on a new living species of Hippopotamus,’ intended for publication
in the Journal. Referred to Mr. Phillips, Dr. Hallowell, and Dr.
Gambel.

February, 13th, 1849.
Dr. BripceEs in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From the Secretary of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences,
dated Munich, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal and Proceed-
ings, and transmitting the Publications of that Institution.

-

150 [FeBRUARY,

From Prof. J. Cobb, dated Louisville, Kentucky, February 6th,
1849, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as Corres-
pondent.

From Dr. Berendt, dated Dantzig, 1st October, 1848, accompanying
a copy of the first Number of his work on Fossil Remains found in
Amber, this evening presented, and requesting exchange of North
American fossils of the same description for those of Europe.

Mr. Cassin presented a Catalogue of the Vulturide and Strigide in
the Collection of the Academy, intended for publication in the Pro-
ceedings. Referred to a Committee, consisting of Drs. Wilson, Gambel
and Townsend.

Professor Agassiz made some observations on the remarkable
resemblance of the existing North American Fauna and Flora to that
of the Tertiary period of the Old World.

February 20th, 1849.
Dr. B. H. Coaress in the Chair.

Mr. Cassin read a paper entitled ‘ Descriptions of new species of
the genera Nyctale and Sycobius, specimens of which are in the Col-
lection of the Acad. Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia.” Referred to a Com-
mittee, consisting of Dr. Wilson, Dr. Gambel, and Dr. Bridges.

Mr. Conrad read a paper entitled “ Descriptions of new fresh-water
and marine Shells,” which was referred to Mr. Phillips, Dr. Griffith,
and Dr. Gambel.

Mr. Cassin read some ‘Notes of an examination of the families
Vulturidz and Strigide in the Collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci. of
Philadelphia.” Referred to the Committee on the previous paper of
this evening.

Dr. Hallowell presented a communication entitled “ Notes of the
post-mortem appearances of a Cynocephalus ? which died in the Mena-
gerie at Philadelphia.” Referred to Drs. Leidy, Keller and Gambel.

February 27th, 1849.
Dr. BripGes in the Chair.

The Committee on Mr. Cassin’s ‘Catalogue of the Vulturide and
Strigide in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia,” reported in favor of publication.

[This paper will be found at the end 6f the present number, and is the com-
mencement of a series of similar catalogues of the families in the Ornithological
collection of the Academy, which it is the design of tbe Committee on that
department to prepare for publication as soon as possible. ]

1849.] ° 151

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. Hallowell, reported
in favor of publication.

Notes of the post mortem appearances of a Cynocephalus? which died in the Menagerie
at Philadelphia.

By Epwarp Hatiowe.t, M. D.

Head.—Brain not examined.

Thorax.—There are three lobes to the right lung and three to the left. They
present a reddish brown color, mottled with grey, and are crepitant except at
the base of the lower lobe of the right, which is firm and resisting to the touch.
The surface of both lungs is studded with tubercles, deposited beneath the pleu-
ral covering. But few are observed in the lobes of the left, or the upper lobes
of the right, but they are thickly agglomerated in the lowest lobe of the latter,
which is filled with them; they are of a light yellow color, from one line and
less to nearly a line in diameter, firm to the touch, and imbedded ina hepatized
tissue. The mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi, traced to the small-
est ramifications of the latter, does not present any remarkable degree of red-
ness, being rather pale than otherwise. The bronchial glands are enlarged and
tuberculous ; the largest is to the right of the trachea, and measures six lines
in its greatest extent ; on cutting into it, a quality of white cheesy matter makes
its escape. Mucous membrane of the cesophagus pale. The heart is small,
measuring one inch four lines in length, by one inch (Fr.) in breadth. The
pericardium contaius about a teaspoonful of citron-colored serosity. The auri-
cles are moderately distended with dark colored blood; a solitary tubercle
about the size of a pin’s head is observed at the entrance of the vena cava
into the right auricle.

Abdomen.—The liver has four distinct lobes and a smaller lobule; it is of a
light brown color above, dark green beneath, except in the interspace between
the lobes ; it presents numerous tuberculous deposits upon its upper and under
surface, of a larger size than are usually met with in the liver—the largest upon
the under surface measuring five lines in diameter: on cutting into several of
them they are found to be filled with tuberculous matter, of a yellowish colour
tinged with green. The spleen is very greatly enlarged, measuring three inches
three lines in length, by one and three-quarters in breadth ; it is of a pale red-
dish color mottled with white, having its surface throughout studded with tuber-
cles; the central portion, on cutting into it, presents the dark-colored appear-
ance usually observed in the spleen, and four or five nodules of tuberculous
matter ; upon the periphery of the organ the deposit appears to exist in the form
of infiltration, extending four lines within its substance at its posterior extremi-
ty. The stomach does not differ materially in shape from the human, and when
laid open, measures four inches (Fr.) from one extremity to the other; there is

“a well marked pylorus; the cesophagus enters the stomach about midway be-
tween the pylorus and the opposite extremity ; its muscular fibres are very
apparent; it contains a quantity of greenish looking fluid, having a disagree-
able odour; the mucous membrane is pale throughout, and does not ap-
pear softened, presenting no trace whatever of inflamation; no tubercles are

-

152 [Feprvary.

observed upon its surface. The small intestine is five feet six and a half inches
(Fr.) in extent ; ithas no valvule conniventes, neither does it present any glands
of Peyer, nor are any solitary glands observed; the intestine, slit up its entire
length, is perfectly pale, both upon its external and inner surface, and no soften-
ing of the mucous membrane is noticed ; it contains a quantity of greenish fluid ;
no yellowish matter is observed atits upper extremity ; it contains no tubercles,
and there are no ulcerations. The large intestine is two feet two and a half
inches in extent; there is a distinct coecum, but no appendicula vermiformis; it
contains a quantity of greenish looking fluid, similar to that in the small intes-
tine ; the mucous membrane throughout is quite pale, and appears to be healthy;
held up to the light the mucous follicles are very distinct, but are not very
abundant, and are more irregular in their outline than those of the human sub-
ject; they are surrounded by a dark-colored border, and several dark points are
observed within the circumference of the greater number, (in some of them there
fre as many as six ) Mesenteric glands more or less tuberculous, and yet the
animal does not appear greatly emaciated ; the disease appears to be more fully
developed in these glands than in any of the other organs ; one of them is much
enlarged, measuring fourteen lines by thirteen in size ; adherent to it is another
thirteen lines by ten; these glands are filled with a white homogenous matter,
of the consistence of thick cream ; no marks of inflammation are found to exist
in any part of the body, except in the lowest lobe of the right lung, where the
tubercles are thickly agglomerated, the tissue of the organ being firm and re-
sisting to the touch. Both kidneys are tuberculous. They are sixteen lines in
length by ten in breadth; upon the convex margin of the left, near its anterior
extremity, is a deposit three lines in diameter, resisting to the touch, and ele-
vated considerably above its surface; it is composed of numerous small white
bodies ; other tuberculous deposits, of various sizes, from that of a grain of
sand to a line or more in diameter, are observed upon the surface, for which
portion of the kidney they appear to have a predilection. Bladder healthy.

The Committee on Mr. Conrad’s Description of new Shells reported
in favor of publication.

Descriptions of new fresh water and marine Shells.
By T. A. Conran. ;

The following new fresh water shells from Georgia were kindly loaned me for

description by J. Hamilton Couper, Esq.
UNIO.

U. securiformis. Suborbicular, thick, compressed ; valves slightly convex:
umbo flattened, marked with obtuse, narrow, divaricated plaits; plaits on the
lower half of the valves obscure and interrupted ; umbonial slope rounded ; pos-
terior slope with strong oblique plaits towards the apex ; backs eroded; epidermis
black ; within white ; cardinal teeth large, direct, profoundly sulcated. 14: 1}.

Inhabits Flint River, Georgia.

U. stagnalis. Widely elliptical, ventricose, rather thin: towards the posterior

1849.] 153

extremity very thin and fragile ; anteriorly regularly rounded ; posteriorly some-
what pointed, with an acutely rounded extremity ; basal margin regularly curved ;
summits prominent, eroded; posterior margin very oblique and nearly straight ;
epidermis ochraceous and olivaceous; rays green, not very distinct on the
middle and anterior side, but more so posteriorly, some rather broad, others
linear; posterior slope dark colored, rayed; within white and highly iridescent
posteriorly ; cardinal teeth much compressed and oblique, double in each valve ;
lateral teeth very slightly curved, finely granulated. 34.

Inhabits mill ponds ; Ogeechee River, Georgia.

U. Ogeecheensis. Elliptical, thin, inflated; posterior side somewhat pointed,
extremity subangular; valves slightly contracted from beak to base; summits
rather prominent, decorticated, slightly undulated ; epidermis ochraceous with
interrupted green rays, some of them broad; within white, highly irridescent
posteriorly ; cardinal teeth oblique, compressed ; lateral teeth rectilinear. 3,

Inhabits Ogeechee River, Georgia.

Allied to the preceding, but has a lighter colored epidermis with more distinct
rays, is proportionally longer; the cardinal tooth in the left valve is longer and
less lobed, and the lateral teeth are straight, without granules, and less oblique
than in the preceding species, which is a larger shell.

U. oratus. Widely elliptical, ventricose, gaping at both ends; posterior gape
wide; anterior extremity rather acutely rounded; posterior margin sinuous,
extremity subangular; basal margin forming a nearly regular curve: summits
prominent ; umbo and beak eroded; epidermis ochraceous, polished ; cardinal
teeth compressed, oblique; lateral teeth straight; within white, much stained
with waxen yellow. 34.

Inhabits Flint River, Georgia.

This shell has the polished epidermis of U. cariosus, but is without aray. It
is longer in proportion than that species with very different cardinal teeth, which
are much nearer parallel with the margin above: the shell also gapes far wider
in the only specimen I have seen.

U. rosaceus. Widely elliptical, ventricose above; posterior margin obliquely
truncated, slightly sinuous ; extremity subangular or acutely rounded; epider-
mis ochraceous and dark brown; rays indistinct, frequently broad, but composed
of fasciculis of lines ; surface with fine radiating wrinkles; within deep rose-
purple: cardinal teeth prominent, oblique, compressed, trifid or three teeth in
the left valve. 34.

Inhabits Savannah River.

Allied to U. ochraceus, Say.

U. contrarius. Elliptical, moderately thick; valves somewhat flattened or
plano-convex ; umbo and beak not prominent, much eroded; umbonial slope
acutely rounded ; posterior margin straight above, truncated, direct ; epidermis
deep ochraceous, with linear radiating wrinkles, and obscurely rayed about the
umbo; within pale flesh-color sta,ned with waxen yellow ; cardinal teeth direct
thick, sulcated, not very prominent ; lateral teeth reversed, or the double tooth
in the right valve. 3 1-5.

Inhabits the Ogeechee River.

154 [FEBRUARY

U. nucleopsis. Obtusely subovate, slightly oblique, thick, not ventricose ;
umbonial slope rounded ; posterior slope with a few obscure plaits ; posterior
margin subtruncated; basal margin slightly tumid near the middle; epidermis
ochraceous, with a series of green spots along the umbonial slope; posterior
slope obsoletely striated ; within bluish white ; cardinal teeth thick, direct, sin-
gle in the right valve. 1}.

Inbabits Etowah River.

U. limatulus. Subelliptical, convex; posterior side somewhat pointed; um-
bonial slope angular; anterior slope subcarinated in the middle; posterior
margin obliquely truncated: extremity truncated, direct; basal margin regu-
larly rounded ; beaks not prominent, eroded; epidermis highly polished, dark
brewn and ochraceous, obscurely rayed ; within flesh color or pale salmon;
cardinal teeth oblique, compressed double in each valve; lateral teeth long:
slightly curved. 2.

Inhabits Savannah River.

U. plectrophorus. Trapezoidal, thick; valves flattened on the sides, slightly
contracted, marked with irregular arched, obtuse, interrupted folds, extending
from the beaks nearly to the base; umbonial slope angular; posterior slope
plicated; beaks not prominent ; profoundly eroded ; ligament margin elevated ;
posterior extremity truncated obliquely inwards; basal margin contracted ; epi-
dermis thick, sulcated ; lateral teeth slightly arched.

Inhabits Flint River, Georgia.

Allied to U. Sloatianus and trapezoides, Lea.

Marearitana, Schum.

M. Etowensis. Oblong-ovate, thin and fragile, widely contracted from beak
to base; umbonial slope ventricose, with a plano-convex or flattened surface;
ligament margin rather elevated; posterior submargin slightly concave: umbo-
nial slope angular posteriorly ; beaks eroded; posterior extremity angular;
margin rounded towards the base; basal margin subrectilinear; within bluish
and purplish, iridescent; cardinal tooth in the right valve rather long, oblique,
compressed, curved, prominent; in the opposite valve the tooth is widely bifid,
the posterior lobe pyramidal.

Inbabits Etowah River.

Allied to M. Raveneliana, Lea.

MELAnNIA.

4M. celatura. Ovate-oblong, turreted ; volutions 6, with longitudinal ribs and
unequal prominent revolving lines, subnodulous where they cross the ribs; the
ribs on the body whorl do not reach the middle; the color ochraceous and
brown ; aperture narrow, elliptical ; labium with interior brown bands: superior
part of columella somewhat callous,

Inhabits Savannah River.

Melania perangulata. Subulate; volutions 9 or 10, with an acutely carinated
angle on all except the body whorl, which is subearinated ; on each whorl of
the spire is a revolving granulated line above the carina; color olive brown.

Inhabits Savannah River.

1849.] 155

Melania nebulosa. Elongate conoidal; volutions 6 or 7, with revolving raised
lines ; whorls of the spire carinated below the middle, above which they are
longitudinally ribbed, and have 2 or 3 revolving granulated lines; granules
compressed ; aperture widely elliptical; color ochraceous, with brownish-black
stains.

Inhabits Savannah River.

Melania percarinata. Elongate conoidal ; volutions of the spire with a cari-
nated line below the middle, and a revolving granulated line above ; body whorl
with a granulated revolving line near the suture, and 3 carinated heen wee supe-
tior one largest, the lower one fine; color dark olive brown.

Inhabits Savannah River.

Melania symmetrica. Subulate; whorls 9, slightly convex, with longitudinal
slightly curved, narrow ribs, interrupted near the suture by a revolving granu-
lated line ; ribs on the body whorl not extending as far as the middle; margin
of labrum profoundly rounded; color ochraceous and black.

Inhabits Savannah River.
Near the apex, two or three volutions have a fine granulated carinated line.

The following new and interesting Shells are from the coasts of Lower California
and Peru, and were presented to the Academy by Dr. Thomas B. Wilson.

Sorzcarpia, Con.

Shell bivalve, equivalve; hinge with 2 diverging cardinal teeth, and a linear
oblique cartilage pit between; cardinal plate profoundly grooved on each side
of the teeth ; muscular impressions 2, small, rounded, remote from the margins,
particularly from the base; pallial impressions entire.

S. eburnea. Oblong oval, equilateral, ventricose, thin; extremities nearly
equally rounded; basal margin arched; valves white, shining, minutely sha-
greened, towards the base minutely rugose, with fine impressed radiating lines ;
concentric lines towards the base finely waved, indenting the margin. 1 2-10:
8-10.

In this singular bivalve the pallial impression shows no junction with the
adductor impressions, but joins the extremities of the cardinal plate. The mus-
cular impressions are as distinct on the exterior as on the interior.

PETRICOLA.

P. sinuosa. Subtriangular; inflated anteriorly; profoundly sinuous poste-
riorly; ribs radiating, prominent, acute, except towards the anterior margin,
where they are replaced by closely-arranged lines; basal margin profoundly
sinuous ; within brown, cavity of umbo white; cardinal teeth prominent, 2 in
one valve, and one broad one in the other. 8-10: 6-10.

Family Anatenide.

CyatHoponta, Con.

An inequivalved bivalve; hinge with a broad, not very projecting, cartilage
fosset, which is carinated near the margin; muscular impressions rounded, in-
distinct ; pallial impression with a large rounded sinus.

-

156 [Fesruary,

C. undulata. Subovate, inequilateral, very thin and fragile, with obliquely
concentric undulations, profound on the anterior side, and suddenly becoming
obsolete towards the posterior extremity, which is truncated and direct; pose
terior slope of the deeper valve obscurely tricarinated; cartilage pit robust ;
valves with minute, very closely arranged, granulated radiating lines. 12-10:
1 nearly.

Family Pholad&da.

Puorapopsis, Con.
Inequivalved; right valve produced posteriorly, left valve overlapping the
opposite; cartilage situated on a projecting callus.
P. pectinata. Ovate, very thin and fragile, profoundly gaping posteriorly ;
profoundly ventricose anteriorly; valves with elevated waved lamine termina~
ting near a profound sinus, which extends from beak to base; right valve un-

dulated near the posterior end, reflected, margin pectinated; both valves have
concentric lines.

ParapHoLas, Con.

P. bisulcata. Ovate-oblong; anterior accessory valve or deposit strong,
shining gibbous on the margin of aperture, and having obscure decussated stria,
the transverse ones a little raised; anterior side of the larger valves with nume-
rous prominent crenulated radii; a slightly oblique sulcus extends from beak
to base, and aslightly impressed line runs from the beak to the posterior end
of the closed portion of the base; between the two impressed transverse lines
the valves have closely-arranged, rugose, longitudinal lamine, and posterior to
these the laminz are remote and elevated. 2}.

PENITELLA.

P. Wilsonii. Ovate-oblong, very thin, profoundly ventricose ; valves with a
furrow from back to base; the papyraceous anterior valves very wide; anterior
valves with numerous oblique waved laminz, and radiating acute ribs; liga-
ment margin sinuous ; posterior side with concentric distant undulations ; two
small accessory valves behind the beak, which are reflected posteriorly ; mem-
branaceous appendage with a sinuous or concave margin where it joins the
shell, and a deeper annular groove anterior to the middle. 2}.

TRITON.

T. perforatus. Subpyriform; volutions 5 or 6; ribs revolving, flattened,
slightly prominent, wide and narrow alternately, with narrow interstices and
an occasional revolving line; angle of body whorl tuberculated ; spire scalari-
form, the angle of each whorl with a tuberculated rib or carina; color cinereus;
epidermis brown, rough, hairy, longitudinally ribbed; aperture wide; margin
of labrum sinuous above, profoundly ribbed ; ribs about half an inch long, on
an ochraceous submargin; columella with white folds, and narrow, dark brown
interstices; beak bent, umbilicated. 3 8-10: 23.

OuIva.

O. propatula. Ovate-oblong, slightly gibbous towards the base ; color pale
ochraceous, marked with a few longitudinal zigzag brown lines, and with darker
transverse hair-like lines, and a few spots; columella patulous, deeply sulcated
inferiorly ; deposit at the base carinated in the middle. 23: 1 1-10.

1849.] 157

The Committee on Mr. Cassin’s Descriptions of new species of
Nyctale and Sycobius, reported in favor of publication.

Descriptions of New Species of the genera Nyctale, Brehm., ard Sycobius, Vieill. ;
specimens of which are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia.

By Joun Cassin.
Genus Nycraur, Brehm. Handb. Nat. Vog. Deuts. p. 111.

Nyctale Harrisii, nobis.

Front, face, nuchal collar, and under surface of the body yellowish white, or
buff color.

Spot between the eye and the bill, and a broad occipital band, black,—the
latter covering the greater part of the hind head.

Feathers covering the ear, black.

Throat with a few black feathers, and many of the feathers of the ruff on the
front neck conspicuously tipped with black.

Upper surface of the back and wings deep reddish-brown; wing coverts with
conspicuous round spots of white; all the quill feathers also irregularly marked
and spotted with white on the edges of both webs; scapulars largely edged with
white and buff.

Upper tail coverts brown, spotted with white. Tail black, with about three
pairs of rounded white spots on every feather. Tarsi thickly feathered to the
toes, and with the whole under surface of the body buff color.

Total length of skin, from tip of bill to end of tail, about 73 in.; wing, 53;
tail, 22 inches.

Hab. South America ?

The specimen now described was obtained from Mr. J. G. Bell, Taxidermist,
of New York, who has no accurate recollection of its locality, but is of the
opinion that it came from South America.

I have named this singular and beautiful little species in honor of Mr. Edward
Harris, of Moorestown, N. J., Chairman of the Ornithological Committee of this
Academy, and a distinguished naturalist.

Genus Sycoxstus, Vieillot.

>

Scobius scutatus, nobis.

@ Upper part of the head and neck, broad pectoral band and under tail
coyverts bright crimson ; the crimson of the breast uniting on the sides of the
neck with that of the head.

Throat and ears black,—which color forms a large gular patch extending to,
but scarcely including the eyes.
All other parts of the body black.

© Broad pectoral band and under tail coverts crimson; all other parts, in-
cluding the head, black.’

Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail, about 53 inches; wing, 38;
tail, 2% inches.

Hab. Western Africa.

158 [ FEBRUARY,

Two pairs of the species now described were brought to this country by Robt.
MacDowell, M. D., Surgeon attached to the colonial government of Sierra Leone,
who collected them in Western Africa.

It bears a greater resemblance to the Sycobius rubricollis, (Swainson,) Vieill.
Ois. chant. pl. 43, than to any other species which I have found described ; but
from this and others it may readily be distinguished by its under tail coverts
being crimson, and also by its broad pectoral band of the same color.

The Committee on Mr. Cassin’s ‘Notes on the Vulturide and
Strigidz in the Collection of the Academy,” reported in favor of pub-
lication. |

Notes of an Examination of the family Vulturide, in the collection of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

By Joun Cassin.

1, Gyps fulvus, (Gm.) >
Under this name, either Ornithologists have confounded several distinct spe-

cies, or the species itself assumes an unusual variety of characters. There are
now exhibited in the collection of the Academy, sixteen specimens of Vultures,
which have been described as at least four species; but as they all bear more
or less intimate relationship to the Gyps fulvus, (Gm.) of Europe, their claims
as distinct species have been but partially recognized, and a question seems to
be whether the birds so described, which I may observe, are, for the greater
part, from widely different localities, really present characters sufficient to
entitle them to specific distinction, or only such as may be attributed to age or
season, or to what naturalists have rather vaguely called variety.

I have long held as a principle, that however small a peculiar character may
be, if it is regularly and constantly reproduced in the generation of an animal,
or in other words, is uniformly and with certainty transmitted from parent to
offspring, that animal is entitled to be regarded asa distinct species, and is
different from any other.

The transmission of character can be, of course, most satisfactorily ascer-
tained in the natural habitation of the species, but if a series sufficiently exten-
sive, or any considerable number of specimens, invariably present a peculiar
character, the student in a museum may assume, quite justly, that he has suffi-
cient evidence.

In the present case the number of specimens is not sufficiently large to war-
rant a conclusion, but they appear to present uniformly different characters
enough to induce the opinion that the following are specifically distinct: Gyps
fulvus, (Gm.;) Gyps Kolbii, (Daub.;) Gyps indicus, (Temm.;) Gyps tenuirosiris,
Hodgson.

2. Gyps indicus, (Temm.)

This species is in 4n extraordinary state of confusion.

Mr. Temminck describes and figures a Vulture in Pl. Col. i., liv. 5, pl. 26,
supposed by him to be the “ Vultur indicus, Lath.,” which name and authority,
he gives at the head of his article, and in the text of same vol., liv. 72, art. V.
imperialis, alludes to it as the same as Vultur leuconotus, Gray. Ill. Ind. Zool.

an +

1849.] 159

pl. 15, which differs so entirely from M. Temminck’s plate, that the latter must
have considered it as either the young or adult of his species. But it appears
that V. leuconotus, Gray, is the adult of Vultur bengalensis, Gm., and it also
appears that M. Temminck’s plate does not represent the last named species in
any known state of plumage, consequently his text and plate refer to different
birds.

Col. Sykes in “Catalogue of Birds, observed in Dunkun,” Proc. Zoo. Soc.,
London, 1832, p. 77, gives “ Vultur indicus, Lath., Temm., Pl. Col. 26,” as an
abundant species, and the remark is inserted that ‘‘ Col. Sykes’ specimens are no
doubt referable to M. Temminck’s species.,’’

Mr. H. KE, Strickland, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii, p. 34, presumes
Vultur leuconotus, Gray, to be the same as Vultur indicus, Temm. ; and in same
volume, p. 205, mentions V- indicus, Scop. and Lath., and V. indicus, Temm.,
as though he meant two species.

Mr. E. Blyth, in ‘‘ Remarks upon the birds presented by Mr. Hodgson, to the
British Museum,” same journal, xx., pp. 315, 387, insists that ‘ Vultur indicus,
Scop. and Lath., in Gyps tenuirostris, Hodgson,” so that whenever he speaks of
Vultur indicus, (as in same journal, xiii., p.115,) he means, of course, Gyps
tenuirostris, Hodgson.

M. C. J. Sundeval, in same journal, xviii., p. 459, speaks of V. indicus, Temm.,
8S a species similar to V. fulvus, but different from V. bengalensis, and evidently
is of opinion that Y. indicus is distinct from either. Hestates, too, that he saw
none near Calcutta, which were yellowish-brown, and therefore ‘‘ presumes that
the so colored Vultur indicus, never, or rarely, occurs near Calcutta.”

Mr. J. E. Gray, in Catalogne Rap. Birds in Brit. Mus., insert ‘‘ Vultur ndicus,
Temm.,”’ as synonyme for the Gyps fulvus, Gm.

Ali the four specimens labelled “ Vultur indicus,” in the Rivoli collection, are
also labelled as coming from South Africa. These specimens comprise two young,
one male probably adult, and one female, also probably adult. The young
certainly bear a much greater resemblance to M. Temminck’s plate than do any
others in the collection; hence I am inclined to the belief, that Vultur indicus,
Temm., Pl. Col. 26, is an African bird, and, as stated in the preceding article
a distinct species.

What “ Vultur indicus, Scop. and Lath.” may be, is more than I can tell from
the descriptions, but at any rate, I see no reason to cavil at Mr. Blyth’s eonclu-
sion ; the descriptions of both Scopoli and Latham, and especially the figure in
Sonnerat’s Voy. India, ii., pl. 105, do appear to me, however, quite unsatisfac-
tory.

3. Sarcoramphus gryphus, (Linn.)

Naturalists and travellers seem to have decided that the male of this species
is the larger. If this is true, it appears to be the only instance in which such is
the case in the Rapacious birds, and is a singular exception to the general rule
that the female is the larger in this order.

4. Cathartes aura, (Linn.)

British and American Naturalists consider this name as applicable to the bird
figured by Wilson, Am. Orn. pl. 75, fig. 1, and Audubon, B. of Am. pl. 151 ; but
some continental European authors have applied it to the Carthartes jota, Molina
which is understood to be the same as Vultur atratus, Bartram Travels, p. 289,
figured by Wilson, Am. Orn. pl. 75, fig. 2. and Audubon, B. of Am. pl. 106.

160 [ FEBRUARY,

The former are correct, and the latter appear to have been led into error by
the statement of Buffon who figures the ©. jota in Pl, Enl. 187, and states in the
text Pl. Enl. i, p. 136, that it is called “ ouroua ou aura.” Dandin, Traité d’Orn.
ii. p. 19, under O. aura, cites Buffon’s plate. Spix. Av. Bras. i. p. 2, describes
the ©. jota under the name of Cathartes aura, and also cites Baff. Pl. Eal. 187.
Vieillot, in Ois. de l’Am. Sept. pl. 2, figures C. jota, and in his text cites Vultur
aura, Linn, as a synonyme, though he also figures the true C, aura, Linn., pl. 2,
bis. and gives its correct name.

M. D’Orbigny, in Voy. dans l'Am. Merid. Ois. p. 31, although he describes and
figures the C. aura by its proper name, yet quotes C. jota, “Ch. Bonap.,” and
Vultur atratus, Wilson, Orn. Am. ix. pl. 75, fig. 1, a3 synonymes, which is an
error, as he would readily have ascertained by referring to Wilson’s figure as
quoted by himself.

There is moreover a further difficulty. It seems desirable to know whether
Linnzus described from North or South American specimens, as the Prince De
Wied has described the North American bird as a species distinct from the OC.
aura, Linn., under the name of Cathartes septentrionalis, De Weid ;—the origi-
nal description I have not seen, but itis copied at length in Tschudi’s Fauna
Peruana, Orn. p. 74.

It is probably now quite impossible to ascertain from what part of America
the specimens described by Linnzus were actually brought, but fortunately the
difficulty last stated, as well as all the former, is easily settled without such
knowledge.

As synonymous with Vultur aura, Linnzus himself in Syst. Nat. 12th edition,
i., p. 122, cites Catesby, Carolina, 1. pl. 6,and Sloane’s Jamaica ii., pi. 254, both
of which are clearly the same bird as that figured by Wilson and Audubon,
under the same name, so it would appear sufficiently evident that whatever other
species may inhabit America, the common bird of North America is the true C.
aura, Linn. I beg leave to add, that that excellent observer and accurate natu-
ralist Mr. George Ord, expressly states, in Am. Orn. ix., p. 99, “The Vultur
which Sir Hans Sloane has figured and described is undoubtedly the Vultur
aura,” that is to say, itis the same as the species figured by Wilson.

The figure of the head in D’Orbigny’s Voyage dans |’Am. Merid., pl. 1, fig. 3,
appears to me to be that of the true C. aura, Linn., or the same as the North
American species, and the same as that described by Spix Av. Bras. 1, p. 2,
under the name of Cathartes ruficollis, Spix, which is, therefore, a synonyme.

5. Cathartes Burrovianus, Cassin.

This is aspecies described by me froma specimen brought from Mexico, and
is the smallest of all known Vultures. The Rivoli collection contains one speci-
men of this bird, which is more adult than the specimen described.

This may be the species which is alluded to by Pennant, in Arctic Zoology,
(as quoted by Mr. Ord,) who says that the Turkey Vulture of the West Indies is
‘(far inferior in size to that of North America.”

The plumage of the specimen in the Rivoli collection, is clear black, like that
of the specimen previously in the coliection of the Academy; the secondaries hay-
ing slightly paler margins, but with no mixture or edging of brownish which pre-
vails in the plumage of all the specimens of C. aura which I have seen. The

1849.] 161

feathers on the neck, instead of forming a perfectly circular, or ring-like ruff, ag
in C. aura, in the present species, extend decidedly upwards on the back of the
neck ; in the specimen here alluded to, almost to the occiput. The following
are the measurements of the two species.

C. aura, (Linn.) C. Burrovianus, Cassin.

Total length from tip of bill to end of tail

(mounted specimens,) 30 inches. 22 inches.
Wing from flexure to tip of
longest primary, 7a), UE ig ©
Tail, Zee ass 8h
Tarsus, 23 2h %
Bill from gap direct to tip, 2g“ ray

6. Cathartes jota, (Molina.)

Iam not without suspicion that the bird described by the Abbe Molina, in
Essay on the Natural History of Chili, p. 245, (M. Gruvel’s French translation,)
is not the same as the Vultur atratus, Bartram, Travels, p. 289.

There are in the collection of the Academy three specimens which are clearly
the latter, being the same birds given by Wilson and Audubon; one of these
was presented by Mr. Audubon, another was obtained in Florida, and presented
by Dr. McEuen ; the third belongs to the Rivoli collection, but there is a fourth
specimen which is materially different. It belongs to the Rivoli collection and
is without label.

This last specimen is not only much smaller than the former, but it has the
head quite smooth and not carunculated or rugose, as in the common species of
North America. In fact its head resembles that of the ©. aura, (Linn.,) more
than it does the GC. atratus, (Bart.,) and is covered by such a comparatively clear
and smooth skin that I can readily suppose it to be colored in the living bird,
which would be strictly as described by the Abbe Molina, or at least as his
French translator says for him, p. 246, ‘sa téte est sans plumes, converte d’une
peau ridée de couleur rousse.” Mr. Audubon, Orn. Biog. ii., p. 52, describes hig
bird as “ the head having a black, rugose, carunculated skin, sparsely covered
with short hairs and downy behind,’”’ which is precisely the case in the three
specimens alluded to, but I quote Mr. Audubon’s description, because he, as
well as the Abbe Molina, probably described from recent specimens.

The one specimen here alluded to is as above stated smaller than either of the

others, as will appear by the following measurements,
Mr. Audubon’s specimen. Smalier specimen.

Total length from tip of bill to end of tail, 25 inches 193
Wing from the fiexure to tip of longest primary, 17 “ 15}
Tail, TR « 7

7. The family Vulturidze has been arranged apparently in a manner only
provisional accerding to the Natural System, by Mr. Swainson, Lardner’s Cab.
Cy. Birds, i. p. 280, and ii. p. 205.

Notwithstanding such high authority as Mr. Swainson, I am disposed to think
the Gypinz (of my catalogue) the subtypical group, and the Sarcoramphine
appear to me to present characters sufficient to warrant the conclusion that
they are the true Rasorial Vultures.

In confirmation of my opinion of the Sarcoramphinz, I may refer to the well
-

162 (FEBRUARY,

known fact that the species of Cathartes are amongst the most confidant and
familiar of birds, and that such disposition seems also to extend to Sarcoramphus.
In a note to “Remarks on the Birds observed in Upper California,” by Dr.
William Gambel, in Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philada. new series, (Quarto) Vol. i.
p- 25, he mentions having seen at Valparaiso a specimen of the Condor so com-
pletely domesticated that it was allowed to roam the city at large, and so en-
tirely docile that it offered no resistance to being handled, and would even per-
mit the caresses of children, or their attempting to get upon its back. “ In fact,”
he continues, ‘‘I think I have never met with any bird which exhibited more
tameness or greater confidence in man than this large Condor.

After first premisiog that in all matters relating to Natural History I ama
strict circularian of the school of Macleay, Vigors and Swainson, 1 beg leave
to present the following as my views of the classification of the subfamiliea of
Vulturid.

1. Typical, Vulturine.

2. Subtypical, Gypine.

3. Natatorial, Gypaétine.

4. Grallatorial, Neophrinz.
- Rasorial, Sarcoramphine.

8. The collection of this Academy contains, probably, all the known Vultures.
The only exceptions being, first, the species labelled ‘‘ Gyps tenuirostris, Hodg.?”
it is possible may not be that bird ; and second, a bird figured in Brown's Illus-
trations of Zoology, pl. 1, London, 1776, which is Falco ambustus, Gm., and
Vultur ambustus (Gm.) of Latham, and said to inhabit the Falkland Islands, is
notin the collection. I suspect, however, that the latter is not truly a Valture,
though it is difficult to determine from the plate above cited.

There are exhibited in the collection of the Academy sixty-eight specimens of
Vultures, which represent nineteen species, including as species the Gyps indicus,
(Temm.) G. Kolbii, (Daud.) and G. tenuirostris, Hodg.

The Committee on Dr. S. G. Morton’s, paper, entitled “ Additional
observations on a new species of Hippopotamus,” reported in favor of
publication in the Journal of the Acadcumy.

or

ELECTION OF MEMBERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.

Francis Gurney Smith, M. D., and Prof. William E. Horner, of
Philadelphia, were elected Members, and the following gentlemen
elected Correspondents :

Henry W. Ravenel, Esq., of Black Oak, South Carolina.

Myddleton Michel, M. D., of Charleston, South Carolina.

2 oe

1849.] 163

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM
In JANUARY AND Frpruary. ‘
January 9th.

A mounted and very beautiful specimen of an albino Cervus Virginianus.
From Wayne county, Pennsylvania. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Three Motacilla, 2 species ; one Budytes; three Phasianus ; one Rhanphoceles.
Nine specimens, 8 species, of birds eggs, S. Africa; one do, S. America; one
do. India; 8 species of bird’s nests, England. Deposited by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Carpal bones of Apteryx Oweni. Presented by Dr. Wilson.

Three casts of crania of a large species of Ourang from Gaboon, W. Africa.
Presented by the Bristol Institution, through Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Twenty-two shells from Australia, of the genera Chiton, Struthiolaria, Tel-
lina, Bulimus, Cardium, Trigonia Myochama, and Clavagella. Highty-seven
shells from California and Peru, of the genera Venus, Cytherea, Chama, Cardium,
Spondylus, Amphidesma, Arca, Donay, Nytilus, Anomia, Mytilicardia, Mactra,
Pholas, Parapholas, Petricola, Anatina, Sanguinolaria, Mysia, Pectunculus,
Ranella, Murex, Purpura, Oliva, Cassis, Cancellaria, Conus, Pyrena, Ovula,
Triton, and Coronula. Presented by Dr. Wilson.

Numerous small and rare British shells, and a stone with Orbicula adhering,
comprising 18 species dredged up on the English coast, and 3 species Helix.
Presented by Mr. McAndrew, of England, through Dr. Wilson.

Fifteen fossil shells from the Miocene of France, and a group of fossil fish
from the tertiary of France. Preseated by M. Ed. Verreaux, of Paris, through
Dr. Wilson.

A fossil fish from Oberstein. Presented by Mr. Weissmuller, of Paris, through
Dr. Wilson.

Specimen of labarynthine Coal, from England. Presented by the Bristol In-
stitution, through Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Fine specimen Solaster papposa, Pembrokeshire ; and two specimens Sphinx,
one species ; Metopsilis, one species; Smerinthus, one. From Pembrokeshire,
S. Wales. Presented by Mr. Edward Wilson.

January 16th.

Two specimens of Blennius punctatus, from Cape May, New Jersey. From
Mr. Theoph. Beesley.

February 6th.

Nine species Helix, one Helicina, one Physa, three Pupa, five Cylindrella, one
Succinea; from Florida and Cuba. Presented by Dr. A. A. Gould. ;

Fifty specimens, twenty-two species of Shells from Scotland, of the following
genera: Pecten, Mactra, Venerupis, Modiola, Alasmodonta, Nassa, Cardium,
Venus, Trochus, Cytherea, Natica, Bulla, Psammobia, Lima, Nerita, Lottia.
Received from Wm. Gourlie, Jr., of Glasgow, through Dr. Watson, in exchange.

Ten species of Shells, from Cape May. Seventy-three specimens,twelve spe-
cies, Crustacea, from Cape May, of the following genera: Platyonichus, Lupa,
Ocypode, Gelasimus, Hippa, Pagurus, Palamon, Capreila, Amphithoe, Stenoso-
ma, Spheroma. Presented by M. H. Griffith.

Four specimens Libinia dubia, and one of Platyonichus, from Beesley’s Point
N. J. Hight specimens, six species of Birds, from Great Egg Harbor, as follows:
Turdus, Calidris, Fringilla, Charadrius, Tringa. Presented by Mr. Samuel Ash-
mead.

Five specimens, two species, of Ammodytes and Lebias,—and the head of
Carcharias, Cape May ; three Sertularia, three Cirrhipeda, and three Annelida,
from Cape May. From M. E. Griffith.

”

164 [Fepruary,

Fourteen well conditioned skins of Mammalia, as follows: Cavia aguta,—var.
Stentor rufus, Cebus monachus, Eriodon hypoxanthus, Kerodon moco, Didel-
phis Azare, Didelphis cancrivora, Gulo barbara, do., var., Felis mitis, Canis
Azare, Felis jaguarondi, var. rufus, Procyon cancrivora, Simia ——? Received
in exchange trom M. Moricand, Geneva, Switzerland.

Fine specimen, in spirits, of Lachesis mutus, Demarara, Presented by Mr.
Wim. Hembel.

February 13th.

Two fine specimens of Columbite, Haddam, Connecticut. Presented by Prof.
Johnston, of Middletown, Conn.

Right half of inferior maxilla of Castor fibre, from marl of New Jersey. Pre-
seuted by Mr. Charles T. Budd.

February 20th.

Caprimulgus Nuttalii, And., and Colaptes Ayresii, Aud., fine specimens ; from
the Upper Missouri. Presented by Mr. J. J. Audubon.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

In January aNnp Fepruary, 1849,
January 2d.

Indicis generum Malacozoorum primordia: conscripsit A. N. Heermannsen.
fascic. 1—9. 8vo. From Mrs. Lucy W. Say.

Verzeichniss der Conchylien welche sich in der Sammlung von H. E. Anton.
4to. The same.

Enumeratio Molluscorum Sicilia. Auctore R. A. Philippi. 4to. Voll. The
same.

Historia Molluscorum Sueciz ; a Sv. Niillson. 8vo. The same.

Beskrivelse af nogle nye Slangearter, ved. J. Th. Reinhardt. 4to. From Dr.
S. G. Morton.

Fragmens d’anatomie sur l’organisation des Serpens: par G. L. Duvernoy.
8vo. The same.

Friedrich Tiedemann yon den Duvernoyschen, Bartholinschen oder Cowper-
schen Drtisen des Weibes, &c. 4to. From the same.

Observations on Belemnites and other fossil remains of Cephalopoda, disco-
vered by Mr. R. N. Mantell in the Oxford Clay in Wiltshire. By G. A. Mantell,
Esq., LL.D. 4to. From the author.

On the structure of the maxillary and dental organs of the Iguanodon. By G.
A. Mantell. 4to. From the author.

January 9th.

American Journal of Science and Arts. 2d series. No. 19. From the
Editors.
A statigraphical account of the section from Atherfield to Rocken-end on the

S. W. coast of the Isle of Wight. By Wm. Henry Fitton,M.D. 8vo.and Chart.
From the author.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following:

Isis von Oken. Hefty. 1848.

Phycologia Britannica. By Wm. Henry Harvey, M.D. Part 35. 8vo.
Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 20. 4to.
Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. Part 22. 4to.
Zoology of the voyage of the Samarang. No. 3. 4to.

History of British Mollusca. By Prof. Forbes and S. Hanley. Part. 11. 8vo.

Catalogue of the organic remains of the Permian rocks of Northumberland and
Durham. By Wm. King.

gett

1849.] 165

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 68. 4to.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Soviety of London. No. 16. 8vo.

Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. By Philip H. Gosse. Part 8. 8vo.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 2. New series. No. 11.

Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum of
practical Geology. Vol. 2. Pts. 1 and 2. 8vo.

A history of British Birds, indigenous and migratory. By W. Macgillivray.
3 vols. 8vo.

Voyages dan l’Amerique Méridionale par Don Felix de Azara: publies par
D. A. Walckenaer. 4 vols. 8vo. Atlas, 4to.

North American Sylva: by F. A. Michaux; Supplement by Thos. Nuttall.
Vol. 2. Part 2: and Vol. 2. Part 1. 8vo. :

Library of Useful Knowledge. Sheep, their breeds, management and diseases.
Same work. The Horser (Wm. Youatt ) 8vo.

Caroli Linnei Fauna Suecica: editio altera auctior. 8vo.

An account of the interior of Ceylon and of the Inhabitants. By John Davy,
M. D. 4to. .

Travels in Hungary. By Robert Townson, LL. D. 4to.

P. S. Pallas, M. D. Elenchus Zoophytorum. 8vo.

Catalogue of the Books, &c in the Library of tne Geological Society of Lon-
don: Do. of the works in Medicine and Natural History contained in the Rad-
cliffe Library.

West of England Joarnal of Science and Literature. Nos. 1—5—(in one vol.
8vo.)

Introductiou to Botany. By Priscilla Wakefield. 3d edition. 8vo.

Descriptions and figures of Petrifactions found near Bath. By John Walcott,
Esq. 8vo.

Introduction to the natural history and classification of insects. By Priscilla
Wakefield. 8vo.

January 16th.

The Vegetable Kingdom. By John Lindley, Ph. D. &. Svo. Deposited by
Dr. Griffith.

Hortus Collinsonianus. By L. W. Dillwyn. 8vo. From the author.

Materials for a Fauna and Flora of Swansea and the neighbourhood. ‘By L.
W. Dillwyn. 8vo. From the same.

Smithsonian contributions to knowledge. Vol. 1. Ancient Monuments of the
Mississippi. By E. G. Squier, and E. H. Davis, M. D. 4to. From the Smith-
sonian Institution.

Manual de Geologia: extractado de la Lethaea Geognostica de Bronn.; por
And. Man. del Rio. Folio. From Mr. Conrad.

Tabacologia: hoc est Tabaci seu Nicotiane descriptio: par J. Neandrum
Bremanum. 4to. Deposited by Dr. Griffith. :

Casparis Barlei Res Brasilia. Editio secunda. 12mo. From the same.

Angeli Sale Saccharologia, &c. 12mo. From the same.

The following were deposited by Dr. Wilson ;

Nouveau systéme de Minéralogie: par J. J. Berzelius: traduit du Swedois.
8yo.

Tableau de la distribution méthodique des especes minérales suivie dans le
cours de Minéralogie en 1833. Par M. Alex. Brongniart.

Cosmos, essai d’une description physique du monde, par Alex. de Humboldt.
2 vols. 8vo.

._ Principles of Physics and Meteorology. By J. Miller.

Revue Zoologique. No. 9. 1844.

Comptes rendus. Tome 27. Nos. 12—18, et index du Tome 26. 4to.

February 6th.

Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale, &c.
Par A. Risso. Tome 4. 8vo. (mollusques.) Mrs. L. W. Say.

166 [Fepruary.

Galerie des Mollusques, ou catalogue des mollusques et coquilles de museum
de Donai. Par M. M. Botiex et Michaud. Tomes | et 2, et Atlas. 8vo. From
the same.

Complement de histoire naturelle des Mollusques de la France de J. P. R.
Diapa naud. Far A, L. Gaspard Michaud. 4to. From the same.

Munograph of the fossil Squalidw of the United States. By Rubert W. Gibbes,
M. VD. 4to. From the author,

February \3th.

Report on the Geology of South Carolina. By M. Tuomey. 4to. From the
State of South Carolina.

Die Bernstein und de in ihm befindlichen, Pflanzenreste der Vorwelt von
Prof. H. R. Goeppert und Dr. G. ©. Berendt. Folio. From Dr. Berendt.

Neueste Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig. Vol. 4. Part
2. 4to. From the Society.

Gelehrte Anzeigen, herausgegeben von Mitgliedero der f. bayer. Acad, der
Wissenschaf en. 1847. Parts 24,26 4to. From the Academy.

Bulletin der Kénigl. Akad. der Wissenschaften. 1847. Nos. 8—34. 4to. From
the same. ’

Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Konig. Bayer.
Acad. der Wissench. Vol. 5. Part 1. 4to. From the same.

The following were deposited by Dr. Wilson :

Thesaurus Conchyliorum. By G. B. Sowerby, Jr. Part 9. 8vo.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. ‘I. J. Hussey. 4to.* Part 21.

Zoologia typica. By Louis Fraser. Parts 12 and 13. Folio.

The Genera of Birds. By George R. Gray. No. 46. 4to.

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. No. 23. Folio.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 2. Second series. No. 12.

History of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and8. Stanley,
Part 12. 8vo.

Contributions to Ornithology. 8vo. No. 2. 1848. (Sir W. Jardine.)

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 69. 4to.

Iilustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. By Philip H. Gosse. 8vo. No. 9.

Phycologia Britannica. By Wm. Henry Harvey, M.D. No. 36.

List of specimens of Birds in the collection of the British Museum. Part 2.
12mo.

The Ornithologists’ Guide to the Islands of Orkney and Shetland. By Robert
Dunn. 8vo.

An elementary treatise on Mineralogy. By Wm. Philips, 5th edition; by
Francis Alger. 8vo.

Panzoologicomineralogia, or a complete history of Animals and Minerals.
By Robert Lovell. 12mo.

North American Sylva. By A. Michaux. Supplement by T. Nuttall. Vol. 1.
Part 2. 8vo.

February 20th.

Reports of the Proceedings of the Geological and Polytechnic Society of the
West Riding of Yorkshire, 1847. From Henry Denny, Esq.

Twenty-eighth Report of the Leeds Philosophical Society. From the same.

Catalogue of the Unios, Alasmodontas and Anodontas of the Uhio and its
Northern Tributaries, adopted by the Western Acad. Nat. Sciences of Cincinnati.
From the Academy.

Second Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New
York, on the condition of the Cabinet of Nat. History. January, 1849. From
the Regents.

Researches critical and experimental upon the capillary circulation. By
Bennett Dowler, M. D. From the author.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following:

Phycologia Britannica. By Wm. H. Harvey, M.D. No. 37. 8yo.

1849.J 167

History of British Mollusca. By Prof. Forbes and Sylvanus Hanly. No. 13.
8vo.

Annals and Magazine of Nat. Hist. Vol. 2. New series. No. 13.

Illustration of the Birds of Jamaica. By Philip H. Gosse. No. 10.

Comptes rendus. Tome 27. Nos. 19, 20.

Ijlustrations of Indian Ornithology. By T.C. Jerdon. No. 4. 4to.

IiJustrations of British Micology By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. No. 22. 4to.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 70. 4to.

The genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. Part 24. 4to.

Jac. Theo. Klein Stemmata Avium. 4to.

J. Theo. Klein, Ova Avium. 4to.

Ornithologische Gallerie. Von C. F. Dubois. Nos. 1—16. 8vo.

Beitrage zur Ornithologie Griechenlands von. H. G. von der Miible. 8vo.

Die Wirbelthiere Europa’s von A. Graef. Keyserling and Prof. J. H. Blasius.
Part 1. 8vo.

Monographia Heliceorum viventium. Auctore Dr. Lud. Pfeiffer. Fascic. 1—’.
8vo.

Synopsis methodica Mulluscorum que in Museo Menkeano adservantur, Auc-
tore C. Theo. Menke, M. D.

Molluscorum Nove Hollande specimen scripsit C. Theo. Menke. 4to.

Museum Senckenbergianum. Vols. 1 and 2,and Vol. 3. Nos. 1 and 2. 4to.

Catalogue systematique et raisonne des curiosities de la nature et de l’art, qui
composent le cabinet de M. Davids. 3 vols. 8vo.

Traite élémentaire de mineralogie. Par S. F. Beudant. 2 vols. 8vo.

Prodromo della Mineralogie Vesuviana di T. Monticelli. Svo., and Atlas 8vo.

Recherches sur l’ostéologie et la myologie des Batraciens a leurs différens ages.
Par Ant. Dugés. 4to.

Iconologie de l’organe del’ouie: par S.T.Scmmering. Traduit de Latin par
A. Rivailié. S8vo., and Atlas folio.

Description figurée de l’oeil humain, traduit de l’ouvrage de S. T. Semmering.
Par A. F. Demours. 4to.

Memoire sur l’organization des Cirrepédes. Par G. J. Martin St. Ange. 4to.

The Nervous System of the Human Body. By Charles Bell. 4to.

Nachtriige zur Classification der Siugerthiere und Vigel. Von. J. J. Kaup.

sf .
" ’ 4 ‘

1849.] 169

March 6th, 1849.
Dr. Patterson in the Chair.

Dr. Gambel read a continuation of his “ Remarks on the Birds of
Upper California,” intended for publication in the Journal. Referred
to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Wilson, and Dr. Townsend.

Dr. Gambel also read a paper intended for publication in the Journal,
entitled, “* Notes on the Pidgeons, with descriptions of new species,”
which was referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Wilson, and Mr. Harris. _

Professor Agassiz made some remarks on the distinctions between
the fossil Crocodiles of the green sand of New Jersey, described by
Drs. Harlan and Morton, and characterized that of Dr. Harlan as a
distinct genus under the proposed name of Bottosaurus.

March 13th, 1849.
Dr. Brinces in the Chair.

Dr. Leidy presented a communication from Professor Haldeman, in-
tended for publication in the Proceedings, describing new species of
Cryptocephalus, &c., in the collection of Dr. J. L. Le Conte. Referred
to Drs. Zantzinger, Griffith, and Watson.

Dr. Keller read a memoir entitled “ On Ciliary cells of some marine
naked Mollusca, in embryo ;”” which was referred to a committee con-
sisting of Drs. Leidy, Goddard, and Hallowell.

Professor Agassiz made some observations upon the Crocodilus
clavirostris of Morton, and characterized it asa distinct genus under
the proposed name of Sphenosaurus. He also referred to the remains
of an immense fossil Chelonian, in the collection of the Academy, and
found in the green sand of New Jersey. Being allied to the Colosso-
chelys of India, Professor Agassiz proposed for it the name of
Atlantochelys Mortoni.

Dr. Leidy made some remarks on the intimate structure of the so-
called cartilages of the Cephalopoda, and pointed out their strong re-
semblance to bone.

March 27th, 1849.
Dr. Brincss in the Chair.

The Committee to whom was referred Professor Haldeman’s descrip-
tions of new species of Cryptocephalus, &c., reported in favour of pub-
lication in the Proceedings.

PROCEED. ACAD, NAT. SCI. OF PHILAEELPHIA.—VOL. IV. NO. VIII. 24

”

170 [Aprit,

Cryptocephalinarum Boreali-americae diagnoses, cum specishus novis muset
lecontiant.

Auctore S. S. Harpeman.

CRYPTOCEPHALUS.

C. aurratus. Laete rufus: capite flavo-maculato: pronoto subtiliter sparse
punctulato, canaliculato; margine angusto, maculis 2 basa]. flavis: el. nigris,
profunde punctato-striatis, singulo maculis flavis 4-2-2-1 positis: pygidio punctate,
apice utrinque macula flava. 2 lin.

C. srarsus. Rufus, capite pallido, muculis 3 rufis: pronoto margine antico
lateralique lato, maculisque 2 basalibus pallidis: el. pallida, sutura guttisque
paucis obscure rufis: ant. apice tarsisq fuscis. 3} lin.

C. avuicus. Rufus; pronoto valde convexo, punctulato; margine flavo, maculis
2 basal. confuse flavis: el. flava punctato-striata; vittarum 2 nigr. vestigiis.
3 lin.

C.stmprex. Rufo-brunneus; pronoto subtiliter punctato, lateribus maculis 2
basalib. flavis; el. flavis, punctato striatis ; sutura, epipleuris, punctoque humerali
nigerrimis : antennis pedibusq laete rufis. 24 lin.

C. rumitus. Supra flavescens, pronoto sparse minus subtiliter punctato,
macula discoidali rufa: elytra profunde punctato-striatis : subtus saturate rufus,
ped. pallidioribus. 1 lin.

C. ueotatus. Saturate rufus, pronoto punctato: lateribus, maculis 2 basal.
flavis: el. profunde punctato-striatis, vittis 2 flavis, apice convunctis, exteriori
irregulari. 14 lin.

C. virarus. Rufus, supra flavus; pronoto punctato, macula rotunda medio,
vittaq utring submarginali brunneis: el. punctato-striatis ; sutura, vitta lata ver-
sus marginem, alteraq inter media abbreviata atro-brunneis. 2 lin.

C. cissicotus. Habitu omnino C. venusri, at major: pronot. gibbosum, vix
punctulatum, limbo semicirculari. Long. 3, lat. 2 lin.

C.1nsertus. Pallide rufus; pronot. polito, punctulato, apice lateribusq mar-
gine angusto flavo, basi vix maculato: el. profunde seriatim punctatis ; es e
angusto, vittisq 2 latis confluentibus confusis nigerrimis; tarsis nigris: antennis
apice fuscis. 21.

C. avpicans. Laete rufus: pronoto obsolete punctulato, apice, lateribus,
maculisq 2 basal. obsolete flavis : el. seriatim punctatis ; sutura, vittisq 2 obscure
brunneis vel nigris: tarsis fuscis. 2? lin.

C.amatvs. Supra flavus: pronoto laterib. obsolete punctulato; vittis 4 laete
rufis : el. profunde seriatim punctatis seriebus perporia approximatis, interstitiis
alternatim nigricantibus ; subtus niger, ped. rufis, genubis flavis. 12 lin.

C. rurvirennis. Niger: ant. breviusculis, palpisq rufus: pronoto punctulato:
el. profunde seriatim punctatis, aurantiacis : pygydio punctato. 2 lin.

C. pistinctus. Niger, nitidus: capite punctato, ant. basi fusco: pronoto con-
vexo, obsolete sparsim punctulato: el. seriatim punctatis, fascia subbasali humeros
attingente, maculogq apicali flavis : pygidio carinato, punctato. 2 lin.

C.xevis. Violaceo-niger, nitidus: ore antennisq pallide rufis: pronoto laevi-
gato : el. seriatim punctatis, punctis minutis. # lin.

C. puncratus. Nigricans, supra flavus, brunneo variegatus, punctis impressis

1849,] 171

brunneis: antennis fuscis, articulorum basi flavescente: pronoto basi tenuiter
nigro: pygidio punctulato, apice flavo ; femoribus fiavo-annulatis. 1 lin.

C. rveicoiuis. Rufus, elongatulus: fronte scabro-punctata, orbitis flavis: pronoto
longitudinaliter ruguloso, lateribus grosse punctatis, flavescentibus: elytris flavis,
indistincte rufo-nebulosis, punctato-striatis, punctis rufis, approximatis. 2 lin.

PACHYBRACHIS.

P. carzonarius. Niger, disperse punctulatus : labro et antennarum basi brun-
neis : pronoto dense et distincte punctato, punctis parvis : elytris grosse punctatis,
externe irregulariter punctato-striatis. Long. 14 lin.

P. morosus. Niger, confertim scabro-punctatus; subtus punctatus, aftias?
sericeus: fronte plana: humeris prominulis, politis: pygidio confertim punctulato.
2 lin.

P. inraustus. Niger, rugose punctatus: capite punctato; labro, maculisque
indistinctis flavis : pronoto confertim punctato, punctis parvis: elytris irregulariter
punctatis; lineolis elevatis; maculis parvis flavis: femoribus intermedi macula
flava apicali. 141.

P. soprinus. Niger, punctatus: prothorace disperse punctato, flavo, brunneo-
variegato: capite, pedibus, pygidio, abdominis marginibusque flavis: elytris vix
seriatim punctatis, flavo lineolatis. 141.

P. motuis. Niger, punctatus: capite pedibusque flavis: pronoto flavo, maculis
3 nigris: elytris seriatim punctatis, fascia subbasali apiceque flavis: abdomine
flavo-marginato. 1} lin.

MONACHUS.

M. ater. Niger, nitidus: labro et antennarum basi flavescentibus: pronoto
laevi, cyanescente : elytris indistincte seriatim punctulatis. 14 lin.

M. arrinis. Cyaneus, laevis: labro, clypeo, antennis, pedibusque, dilute
rufis: elytris distincte seriatim punctulatis. 1 lin.

M. avurirus. Cyaneus, nitidus: labro, clypeo, fronte, antennis, pedibus, pros-
terno, pronoti lateribusque favis : pronoto impunctato: elytris distincte seriatim
punctulatis. Long. § lin.

The Committee on Dr. Gambel’s “ Remarks on the Birds of Cali-
fornia,’ reported in favour of publication in the Journal.

The Committee on Dr. Gambel’s “‘ Notes on the Columbidz in the
collection of the Academy,” reported in favour of publication in the
Journal.

The monthly Report of the Corresponding Secretary was read and
adopted.

On motion it was Resolved, That a new edition of the By-Laws of
the Academy be printed, and that a Committee be appointed to super-
intend the same. Committee, Dr. Zantzinger, Mr. Vaux, and Dr.
Bridges.

172 : [Arrit
April 3d, 1849.
Mr. Puitiirs in the Chair.

Letters were read :—

From Dr. Thomas Horsfield, dated Library of East India House,
London, March 8, 1849, notifying the Academy of the transmission,
by order of the Directors of the East India Company’s Museum, of plas-
ter casts of Himalaya fossils, to replace those which had been broken
in a former transportation ; together with a list of the same.

From the Secretary of the same Company, dated February 16, 1849,
to the same effect.

From the Assistant Secretary of the Directors of the British Museum,
dated February, 22, 1849, returning acknowledgments to the Academy
for the donation of a cast of one side of the inferior maxilla of
Mylodon.

From the Geological Society of London, dated Somerset House,
November 2, 1848, acknowledging the receipt of Part 2, Vol. 1, New
Series of the Journal of the Academy, and of other publications.

From Henry W. Ravenel, Esq., of Black Oak, South Carolina, dated
March 14, 1849, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as
a Correspondent.

From Dr. Mydleton Michel, dated Charleston, 8. C., March 20,
1849, also acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a
Correspondent.

April 10th, 1849.
Proressor HaLpemMan in the Chair.

A letter was read from James E. Fitzgerald, Assistant Secretary of
Directors of British Museum, dated March 2, 1849, acknowledging the
receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy for July to October, 1848.

A communication was read from Mr. E. George Squier, U. S.
Chargé d’Affaires to Central America, expressing his desire to attach to
his suite, on behalf of the Academy, a person competent to prosecute
scientific researches in that country, especially in Geology, Botany,
Zoology, &c.; and offering to such person every facility that his offi-
cial position could command.

Professor Meigs read a memoir entitled “ Observations on the repro-
ductive organs and on the fetus of the Delphinus Nesarnak.” Referred
to Drs. Leidy, Hallowell, and Griffith,

On motion the Corresponding Secretary was requested to make some
inquiries of Mr. Squier, respecting the character of the position which
would be occupied by the person proposed to be attached to his
mission.

,_=—_—

1849. ] 173

April 24th, 1849.
Mr. Puiturrs in the Chair.

The Committee to whom was referred the following communication

from Dr. Keller, reported in favour of publication in the Proceedings.

On Ciliary cells in some marine naked Mollusca, in embryo.
By Wituetm Keuier, M.D.

In following the development of the ova of different species of Eolis, of the
Acteon viridis, and of a little mollusk lately found and described by Mr. Agassiz
under the name of Cantops Harvardianus, I often noticed in the surrounding
transparent zona, which is falsely considered by authors generally as the white
of the egg, one or two, seldom more, small moving bodies, which were first ob-
served by Professor Volkmann,* who considered and described them as animals.

The circumstance that the motion is more a rythmic jumping, not very un-
like to that of the moving corpuscles of the sperm, and the observation that
it always occurs in the same degree of perfection, and only in those eggs in
which the cilia at the cephalic end of the embryo have attained their highest
development, caused me to think that those moving bodies might be nothing more
than detached ciliary cells of the embryo itself, an opinionwhich I afterwards
found advanced in a note by Professor Charles Vogt,f in his treatise on the devel-
opment of the Acteon viridis. To solve this question seemed to me important
enough to try the experiment of isolating some of the cells from the animal.

Before I describe the cell itself I will mention its development, and connection
withthe animal. So soon as the eggs of the above named animals are laid, they
begin immediately the process of division, and when this process has so far ad-
vanced that the yolk globules are so small that they seem to have disappeared,
ciliary motion appears at the edges of the yolk. The embryo, so soon as the
cilia are formed, rotates sometimes to the right side, sometimes to the left, and
changes the direction so soon as there is the least impediment opposed to it. The
rapidity of the motion varies; I counted seventy rotations ina minute. The next
change in the embryo is real cell formation. There appear cells towards the in-
ferior end, which I consider as liver cells; and which are mother cells, contrary
to Professor Vogt’s opinion; two cells in the head, the ear cells containing three
cells, and a ring of cells provided with long cilia around the head. In the mean
time the other cilia are disappearing. The embryo is now no more unconsciously
rotating, but the whole body is stretched out, and the only motion observed in it
is performed by the long cilia, which are seen folded together like a fan, or
playing like the wheel of rotiferous animals. This motion changes very often
and seems to be entirely under the control of the animal itself, notwithstanding
the animal does not show any formation of nerves, as it only consists of cells at this
period, and there is no fibrous structure to be perceived, so that the embryo
of these higher animals shows, at least apparently, voluntary motion without a
nervous system like the lowest orders of the animal kingdom. By some pressure

* Versuch einer Monographie des Tergipes Edwardsii,’’ read before the Acad-
emy of St. Petersburg, Feb. 9th, 1844. The author calls these cells Cosmella
hydrachnoides, and considers them as an instance of spontaneous generation.

t Recherches sur ’Embryogenie des Mollusques Gasteropodes pat M. C. Vogt,

presentees a l’Academie des Sciences le 2 Mar. i846. a

174 [Arrit,

the ring formed of the mentioned cells appears more distinctly, and by crushing
the animal with some care the cells may be isolated, and they will be seen to be
entirely identical with the animals described by Volkmann under the name of
Cosmella hydrachnoides. They are round cells with one or two nuclei, having
always four very long cilia, which are united in pairs and then fuse together in
the cell wall. The motion is a slow rythmica] jumping, produced by alternating
contraction and expansion of the cell by which the cilia, if not called otherwise for
distinction, are made to act like the motion of a whip. But this power of the cells
producing the movement, must cause the latter to be considered as something
entirely different from ciliary motion, and, in fact, it appears as if a great many
different motions were understood under this term, the real nature of which have
not yet been studied.

If we are led sometimes by first observations to the theory of generatio
wquivoca, as the facts here presented have done, repeated and more close obser-
vation brings us from this extraordinary theory always back to the old law>
Omne vivum ex ovo. The supporters of the generatio equivoca have certainly
lost in the separation of these cells frorm the number of animals, as much as by the
discovery that the so-called spermatozoa are but the changed nuclei of cells,
formed in the male genital organs of animals.

As regards the particular movements in organic formations independent of the
nervous system, and even for a certain time independent of the mother animal to
which they belong originally, we have, at the present time, not less than four.

1. The motion of corpuscles of sperm. Transformed nuclei of cells.

2. Ciliary motion, roundish or cylindrical, perfect cells of epithelium on
free surfaces, with a number of cilia, which are in constant motion independent
of the cell.

3. The Chromatophores of the Sepia. They cover the animal and produce by
their constant contraction and expansion, the beautiful colours which it presents.
For which reason, Rudolph Wagner, who first observed this interesting phenome-
non, called them Chromatophores?

4. The fourth isa simple cell with four long hair-like appendages, as I have
described them. Here the cells contract and the appendages are by this property
set in motion. ‘This form has only been observed till now in embryos, whilst
the first one belongs only to full grown animals, the ciliary motion is to be found
at any age, and the chromatophores only after the animal, which is provided with
them, has come to its last type.

The Committee on Prof. Meigs’ Memoir, entitled “‘ Observations on
the reproductive organs, and on the foetus of the Delphinus Nesarnak,”
reported in favour of publication in the Journal of the Academy.

The Monthly Report of the Corresponding Secretary was read and
adopted.

Dr. Leidy having stated that Prof. Agassiz was very desirous of
having a drawing and engraving made in Boston of the skull of a
Manatus, in the cabinet of the Academy, on motion of Dr. Elwyn,
Art. 1, Chap. viii. of the By-Laws was suspended for one month,
im order to comply with the request of Professor Agassiz,

ELECTION.
Thomas Pennant Barton, Esq., of Philadelphia, was elected a
Member of the Academy.

1849.] 175

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM,
In Marcu anp Aprir, 1849.

March 6th.

Four specimens of native Copper from Lake Superior. Presented by Mr. W. L.
Newbold.

The ‘“ Des Murs” collection of Bird’s eggs, containing 3449 specimens, com-
prising 1281 species, 1041 of which are named. Also the Gould collection of
Australian Birds eggs, containing 976 specimens, 295 species of whichare named
and § unnamed. Deposited by Dr. Wilson.

March 13th.

Stellate mass of Sulphuret of Iron in Lias, from England. Presented by Dr.
Wilson.

Twenty-five minerals from Hungary. Presented by Mr. Theodore F. Moss.

Two eggs of Struthio camelus, from Algoa Bay, Africa. Presented by Mr.
Jno. Watson through Dr. G. Watson.

April 3d.

Thallasseus regius, Gamb.; T. acuflavida; Sternula frenata, Gamb. Presented
by Dr. Heerman.

Xema Bonapartii; Callipepla elegans, male and female, (C. Douglassi;) Podi-
ceps Californicus; P. Dominicus; Fringilla Gambelii; Turdus olivaceus, 2 spe-
cimens; T.minor,4 specimens; T. Wilsonii; and a bird from the Marquesas
Islands. Presented by Dr. Gambel.

Bulimus Laurentii; os penis of Meles Labradorica; Sertularia, 3 species; from
California. From the same.

Actinia marginata, from Newport, R. I. From Miss E. C. Morris.

Thirty-four specimens of Shells of the genera Turbo, Haliotis, Trochus, Conus,
Patella, Fusus, Buccinum, Triton, from Algoa Bay. Presented by Mr. J. Watson
through Dr. Watson.

Six casts in plaster of portions of the Maxille and teeth of Basilosaurus
cetoides. In exchange from Dr. J. C. Warren, of Boston, through Dr. Wilson.

The following were received for exchange from the Australian Museum, through
Dr. Charles Nicholson, of Sydney, N. S. W., viz:—

Thirty-three specimens of Birds of the genera, Aquila, Jeracidea, Corvus,
Strepera, Struthidea, Oreica, Chlamydera, Pomatorhinus, Ardea, Sericulus,
Platycercus, Psephotus, Pezoporus, Trichoglossus, Tropidorhynchus, Acantho-
genys, Ptilotis, Meliphaga, Malurus, Pardalotus, Poephila, Amadina, Fringilla,
Geopelia, Columba, Vanellus, ;Hiaticula, and Podiceps. Two Reptilia, viz.,
Cyclodus flavigularis, Wagler, and Gramatophora 3 328 shells, viz., 137
fresh water and terrestrial, and 148 marine, from Australia, 10 do. New Zealand,
and 36 do.from South Sea Islands; 150 Australian Insects, and two crania of
Australian aborigines, male and female, from Moreton Bay. \

April 10th.

Four teeth and a vertebra of a Carcharodon, 19 other teeth of Squalide, 3 ver-
tebrz of fish, portion of beak of Coelorhynchus ?, portions of palatine teeth of two
species of Myliobates, large and perfect specimen of Exogyra costata, cast of
chamber of a Nautilus ?,2 specimens of Mesodesma, 1 Ovula, 3 Isocardium, 2
Venus, 8 Teredo, 4 Arca, 1 Cucull#a,.and 33 other shells; 3 Belemnites, and a
fine specimen of Phosphate of Iron; 1 Scalaria, 1 Salenia, tooth of Equus Ameri-
canus, and fragments of fossil wood, all from Burlington county, N. J. Presented
by- Dr. Charles T. Budd.

Mounted specimen of Ornithorynchus paradoxus. Presented by Captain W.
Miche! through Dr. Ruschenberger, U. 8. N.

Eleven serpents, of the genera Hydrophis, (from the Canton River,) Coluber,

«

176 [Apnit,

Dendrophis, and Bungaris; also a Gecko from Anger, Java. Presented by Dr.
Ruschenberger.

Skin of Mustela erminea. From the Rev. Mr. McFarland.

Muscicapa Cooperi. From Mr. S. Ashmead.

Spinelle from Monroe, N. Y., Zircon from Rossie, N. Y., Pyrope from New
York. From Mr. W. 5S. Vaux.

April 17th.

Triton dorsalis, numerous specimens ; Salamandra erythronota, S. symmetrica,
and Coluber vernalis, from Catskill, N. Y. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead.

Coluber vernalis. From Dr. Watson. “

Cyprinus auratus, from Fairmount Dam, large and fine specimen. From Mr.
J. Dundas.

A fine slab of flexible sandstone, 15 by 30 inches, mounted, from England.
Presented by Dr. Wilson.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY,
In Marcu anp Aprin, 1849.

March 6th.

Denkschriften der Allgemeinen, Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fir die ges-
ammten Naturwissenschaften. Vol. 1. Nos. 1 and 2. 4to. From Professor
Agassiz.

Neue denkschriften der Allgem. Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fiir die gesamm-
ten Naturwissenschaften. Vols. 1—9. 4dto. From the same.

Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchatel. Vols 2and3. 4to,
From the same.

Herbarium diluvianum collectum a Johanne Jac. Scheuchezo, M.D. Folio.
From Prof. Frazer.

Ninth Geological Report of the State of Tennessee. By Gerard Troost, M. D.
From the author.

Plante Findleriane Novi-Mexicane: an account of a collection of plants made
chiefly in the vicinity of Santa Fe, by Aug. Findler. By Asa Gray, M. D. 4to.
From the author.

Hierozoicon, sive bipertitum opus de animalibus S. Scripture, auctore Samuele
Bocharto. Folio, 1675. Deposited by Dr. Griffith.

Report of the select committee on the memorial of William T. G. Morton,
asking compensation for the discovery of the anesthetic property of Sulphuric
Ether. From the author.

March 13th.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following:

Voyage dans ’Amerique Meridionale, execute dans les annees 1826, °33: par
M. Alcide D’Orbigny: 9 vols. 4to.

Crustacés de la Meditterranée et de son littoral: par Polydore Roux. 9 Livs.
4to.

Exploration Scientifique de L’?Algérie pendant les anneés 1840, *41 et *42;
Articulata, Nos. 19—24; Botany, Nos. 7—11; Mollusca, Nos. 15—22; Geology,
No.1. 4to.

Traite elementaire de Conchyliologie; par G. P. Deshayes. No.9. Vol. 1.
Svo.

Manuel de Mammalogie; Par. R. P. Lesson. 12mo.

Histoire Naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe Meridionale, &c.
Par A. Risso. 5vols. 8vo.

Voyage en Sardaigne: par le Col. A.D. la Marmora. 2d edition. 2 vols. 8vo.
and Atlas folio:

Expédition scientifique de Morée. Par M. Bory de St. Vincent. 4 vols. 4to.
and Atlas folio.

EEO

1849.] 177

La Menagerie du Museum National d’histoire naturelle. Par MM. Lacépéde
et Cuvier. Folio.
The London Atheneum for January, 1849.

March 20th.

Reliquie conservate from the primitive materials of our present globe, with
popular descriptions of the prominent characters of some remarkable fossil En-
crinites. By George Cumberland. 8vo. From Miss Elizabeth C. Morris.

Notice sur la formation Keupériénne dans le Jura Salinois; par Jules Marcou.
From the author.

Calcutta Journal of Natural History, conducted by John McClelland. No. 8.
January, 1842. From the Editor.

Reports and abstracts of the proceedings of a Committee for investigating the
coal and mineral resources of India, to May, 1841. Folio. From the same.

April 3d.

American Journal of Science and Arts. 2d series. No. 20. From the Editors.

Index Molluscorum Grenlandiz : auctore H. P. C. Miller. From Mrs. L. W.
Say.

Das Thierreich, von D. L. F. Froriep. Part 5, Mollusca. 12mo. From the
same.

Enumeratio Molluscorum Regni Sicilie. Auctore R. A. Philippi. Vol. 2.
4to.

Verhandlungen der Russich-Kaiserlichen Mineralog. Gesellschaft zu St.
Petersburg, 1847. 8vo. From the Society through C. Cramer, Esq.

Constitution and By Laws of the National Institute, 1849. From Professor
Johnson.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following:

Contributions to Ornithology, for 1848. By Sir William Jardine. Part 3.

List of specimens of Dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum.
Part 1. 12mo.

De Linnzaceis, seu de Gasteropodis pulmonatis que nostris in aquis vivent.
Scripsit F. H. Trochel, Ph. D. 8vo.

Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Végel, von F. H. Von Kittlitz. Nos. 1,
2,3. S8vo.

The Zoological Miscellany. By John E. Gray. pp. 1—48. 8vo.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. No. 17.

Phycologia Britannica. By William H. Harvey, M.D. Part 38.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 3. 2d series. No. 14.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 71. 4to.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 23. 4to.

The genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. Part 25. 4to.

Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. By P. H. Gosse. Part 11. 8vo.

Museum Senckenbergianum. Vol 3. No. 3, and Supplement to Vol. 1. 4to.

Narrative of a Journey in the interior of China 1816-17. By Clarke Abel.
4to.

The Voyage of Governor Philip to Botany Bay. 4to.

An expedition of discovery into the interior of Africa. By Sir J. E. Alexander.
2 vols. 8vo.

A companion to the London Museum and Pantherion. By W. Bullock. 15th
edition. 8vo.

Reise um die Erde dursch Nord Asien und die beiden Oceane in 1828, ’29, °30,
ausgeftthrt von Adolph Erman. 2vols. S8vo.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson:

Manuel d’Ornithologie. Par C. J. Temminck. 2d edition. Part 3.

The Animal Kingdom. By the Baron Cuvier, with additions by E. Griffith.
Vols. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and Index 1 vol. 8vo.

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Nos. 81, 82, 83.

Dr. William Gambel presented the following works:

Genera et species plantarum vocabulis characteristicis definita, (De Wolf.) 8vo.

Os. Americe Septentrionalis. By Frederick Pursh. 2 vols. 8vo. Second
edition.

-

178 fAprin,

Summa Plantarum que hactenus innotuerunt methodo Linnwana per genera et
species descripta, &c., 4 Fulgentio Vitman. 7 vols. Svo.
Flore Frangaise, par MM. de Lamarck et de Candolle. 3d edition. 4 vols.
8vo.
Richardi Relhan Flora Cantabrigiensis. 3d edition. S8vo.

April 10th.

Index Molluscorum presentis evi Musei Principis Christiani Frederici. Auc-
tore H. Beck. From Mrs. L. W. Say.

Observations on the genus Unio. By Isaac Lea. Vol. 4. 4to. From the
author.

On the intimate structure and history of the articular cartilages. By Joseph
Leidy, M. D. From the author.

Sylva Sylvarum, or a natural history in ten centuries: written by the right
Hon. Francis Lord Verulam; published after the author’s death by W. Rawley,
D.D. 9thedition. Folio, Deposited by Dr. Griffith.

Adam in Eden, or Nature’s Paradise. By William Coles. Folio. From the
game.

Flora dietetica. By Charles Bryant. Svo. From the same.

The Companion for the Orchard. By Henry Phillips; new edition, 8vo, From
the same.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following :—

Isis von Oken. Nos. 6 and 7, for 1848. No. 9, for 1849.

Revue Zoologique. No. 10 for 1848,

Comptes Rendus. Tome 27, Nos. 21—26; Tome 28, Nos. 1, 2, 3.

The London Athenwum,. February, 1849:

Reise nach Brasilien inden Jahren 1815 bis 1817; von Maximilian Prinz zu
Wied-Neuwied. 2 vols. 4to, and Atlas folio.

Voyage autour du Monde sur la Coquille dans les an: 1822—’25. Botanique,
tome 1; Historique, tome 1; Hydrographie et Physique, tome 1. 4to.

Anatomie de l?Homme. Par Jules Cloquet. 10 vols. Folio.

Sur les functions du cerveau et sur celles de chacune de ses parties. Par F. T.
Gall. 6 vols. 8vo.

Eléméns d’Anatomie Générale ; par P. A. Béclard. 8vo.

Experiences sur le systéme nerveux, par P. Flourens. 8vo.

Recherches experimentales sur les proprietes et les functions du systéme_ner-
veux dans les animaux vértébres. Par. P. Flourens. 8vo.

De la Physiologie du systéme nerveux, et specialement du cerveau. Par M.
Georget. 2 vols. 8vo.

Traité des Membranes; Par Xavier Bichat; nouv. edition par M. Magendie.
8vo.

Recherches Physiologiques sur Ja vie et sur la mort. Par X. Bichat; nouv. ed.
par M. Magendie. Svo.

Traité d’ Anatomie descriptive ; par X. Bichat. 5 vols. S8vo.

Anatomie genérale, appliquee a la Physiologie et 4la Medecine. Par X.
Bichat.

Essays on the Anatomy and Physiology of expression. By Charles Bell. 2d
edition. Ato.

A short description of the human muscles. By John Innes. 12mo.

A compendium of the Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of the Horse. By
B. W. Burke. 12mo.

Manual of the Physiology of Man. By P: Huten. Translated from the French.
By Joseph Togno. 12mo.

Engravings of the arteries, illustrating the anatomy of the human body. By
Charles Bell. 8vo.

A system of Anatomy and Physiology, with the comparative anatomy of
animals. New edition. 3 vols. 8vo.

Narrative of the U.S. Exploring Expedition. By Charles Wilks, U.S. N.
6 vols. Imperial Svo.

The wonders of Geology. By G. A. Mantell, L.L.D. 2vols. 12mo.

A Dictionary of Archezic and Provincial words, &c., from the 14th century.
By James Halliwell. 2vols. S8vo.

1849.] 179

May 15th, 1849,
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

Dr. Leidy read “Some remarks on the fragments of the Tapirus
Americanus fossilis, deposited in the collection of the Academy by the
late Dr. William M. Carpenter, of New Orleans.’’ Referred toa com-
mittee consisting of Drs. Hallowell, Morton, and Keller.

May 22d.
Mr. ASHMEAD in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Edinburgh Geological Society, dated
Leith, April 20th, 1849, acknowledging the receipt of recent numbers
of the publications of the Academy.

Dr. Leidy read a paper by Prof. Haldeman, intended for publication
in the Journal, describing new species of Coleoptera of the family
Cryptocephaline ; an abstract of which paper was published in the
number of the Proceedings for March and April, 1849. Referred to
the former committee, viz., Drs. Zantzinger, Griffith, and Watson.

May 27th.
Dr. BrinGEs in the Chair.

The Committee to whom was referred Prof. Haldeman’s paper, read
at last meeting, reported in favor of publication in the Journal.

The Committee appointed to superintend the printing of a new edi-
tion of the By-Laws of the Academy, reported that 250 copies had
been printed, and were ready for distribution.

The resignation of Dr. William Gambel as recording Secretary, and
as a member of the Publication Committee, was read, Dr. Gambel
having left Philadelphia for California, where he proposes remaining
for one or two years. On motion the same was accepted, and the elec--
tion to supply the vacancies deferred until the next meeting for business.

ELECTION.

Bernard Henry, M. D., U.S. N., and Henry Belknap, Esq., were-
elected Members of the Academy.

June bth.
Vice President Morron in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Lyceum of Natural History of New York,.
dated April 24th, 1849, acknowledging the receipt of late numbers of
the Proceedings.

The Chairman announced the receipt of a letter from Dr. Gibbes, of

PROCEED. ACAD, NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA.—YVOL. IV., NO. IX. - 25

180 [JuNE,

Charleston, S. C., mentioning the discovery of a large quantity of
Mammalian remains on the banks of Ashley river in that State, com-
prising numerous extinct genera.

June 12th.
Dr. Bringes in the Chair.

Dr. Keller exhibited a calculus of considerable size, taken from the
bladder of a whale. He stated that calculi were frequently found in
this animal, and occasionally in large numbers. Dr. Keller promised a
full analysis of the present and other specimens of calculi in his posses-
sion, to be laid before the Society at a future meeting.

A communication was read from the Secretary of the American
Philosophical Society, acknowledging the receipt of the last number of
the Proceedings of the Academy.

June 26th.
Vice President Morron in the Chair.

The Committee to whom was referred Dr. Leidy’s remarks on the
fragments of the fossil Tapir, deposited in the collection of the Academy
by the late Dr. Carpenter, of New Orleans, reported in favor of publi-
cation in the Proceedings.

Tapirus Americanus fossilis.

By JoserH Lerpy, M. D.

There are three of these fragments ; one of them, being the crown of the fourth,
left, permanent premolar of the inferior maxilla, was found near Opelousas,
Louisiana, and was described by Dr. Carpenter, in Silliman’s Journal,* so early
as the year 1842. It does not differ from the same tooth in the recent Tapirus
Americanus. The other two fragments, consisting of the left half of an inferior
maxillary, and the posterior portion of the left superior maxilla, were found
on the banks of the Brasos river, near San Fillipe, Texas, and were described
by Dr. C., in Silliman’s Journal,f in the year 1846.

The two fragments did not belong to the same individual, as Dr. C. supposed,
from their having been ‘‘found within a few feet of each other.’’ The superior
fragment belonged to an older individual than the inferior one, as is indicated by
the condition of the teeth. They also differ in the character of their fossilization,
which would make one think they could hardly have been found so near to-
gether. The superior fragment has a white chalky aspect, is soft, rather friable,
and is readily cut with a pen-knife ; whilst the inferior fragment is hard,
compact, with a brown polished surface, and does not so readily yield to the
edge of the knife.

* Am. Jour. of Sci. and Arts. New series, Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 247.
{ Vol. xliii., p. 390.

1849.] 181

The superior fragment contains the three true molars and the last premolar.
The seventh, or most posterior molar, is fully protruded and well developed, and
the summits of its transverse eminences are worn sharp by trituration on their
anterior surface. The penultimate molar has the enamel of its transverse emi-
nences worn through, leaving two transverse irregularly outlined surfaces of ex-
posed dentine. The antepenultimate molar, as usual in accordance with its
order of development, is smaller, and more worn than the premolar preceding
it. Its two transverse eminences are worn to their base, and the dentinal sur-
faces of each communicate by anarrow isthmus. The posterior premolar is but
a little more worn than the penultimate molar. In comparing these teeth with
those of two adult crania, of the recent Tapirus Americanus, in the Academy’s
collection, I find that although they almost correspond in their antero-posterior
measurement, yet transversely they are somewhat larger, as may be observed
by the following table :

Tapirus Americanus fossilis.

Molars. Greatest transverse diameter. Antero-posterior diameter

7th . ; : : 1.15 2 ° . ° ales

6th ° ; 5 : 1.2 - . : : is

5th 2 : : : 1.1 r - - . 9

4th 4 : : = ial : . ; 5 8

Recent T. Americanus, adult.

wt 7s ‘ . : i SRS Ee : 9

6th 5 : : 5 ileal ° ; . . 1.

5th : : = : 95 5 : . . -85

4th > 5 : . 95 . 5 - . -85

The malar process of the fossil fragment is considerably more elevated above
the margin of the alveoli than in the recent specimens ; thus in the former, from
the margin of enamel on the neck of the penultimate molar to the malar pro-
cess at its posterior part where it enters into the composition of the orbito-
temporal fossa, it measures 1.3 in., whilst in the latter, from corresponding
points, it measures only .65 in. In the former also, the process curves up-
wards and outwards, whilst in the latter it forms a curve outwards, moderate-
ly upwards and downwards.

It also projects on a line posterior to the anterior transverse eminence. of the
last molar, and not at the dividing line between the sixth and seventh, as in
the recent crania.

The floor of the orbit is considerably more elevated than in the recent speci-
mens, being 1.9 in. above the enamel margin upon the neck of the penultimate
molar; in the other being 1.1 in. only.

The depth of the orbital fossa, as formed by the orbitar process of the max-
illary bone, has been the same in both the fossil and recent animal; but the
outer edge in the former is elevated into a smooth rounded ridge, which either
formed the inferior edge of the orbit, or else bounded an external smooth groove
about two lines in depth and width, along the line of the maxillo-molar suture
in the recent cranium ; while in the latter, the edge of the orbit is formed by
the malar bone, and presents no groove internally along the sutures, except at
its anterior part, just external to the entrance of the infra-orbitar canal. The
malar articulating surface in the fossil, is therefore not only external to, but

182 [JUNE

several lines below the external edge of the orbitar process of the maxillary
bone. This surface is also directed alittle more outwards, as it proceeds
backwards, than in the recent crania.

The line of the malar articulation would cause the head to appear somewhat
broader opposite the temporal fossw, and the elevation of the malar process,
and of the orbit, would probably make the posterior part of the face appear
higher in the fossil than in the recent animal. But the differences which I
have pointed out, especially the generally vertical increase of diameter of the
superior maxillary bone in the fossil specimen, may probably be dependent
upon the advanced age of the individual, and the excessive development of the
roots of the molars, which is a common occurrence in some animals, after the
body of the tooth has been nearly worn down, as in the horse, &c.

The left half of the inferior maxilla has the condyle, all the margin of the
bone below and posterior to it, and the coronoid process, broken off. As ob-
served by Dr. C., it belonged to an individual ‘‘just attaining to adult age,”’
as is indicated by its being about to lose the last of the temporary teeth, to be
replaced by the third permanent premolar, which latter, in the specimen, is
exposed from the former having been broken away. The sixth molar, or last
true molar, is not wanting, as supposed by Dr. C., but has not yet protruded
from the jaw. The roots only of the canines exist in the specimen. The in-
cisors, except a fragment of the root of the right internal one, as well as the
exterior of the alveoli are broken away; traces only of the alveoli of the lateral
or most external incisors exist. I can observe no difference of character be-
tween the specimen and the recent jaw, except that the ridge occupying the
interspace between the first premolar, and the canine, is not so strongly
curved as in the latter, making them a very little, but to an unimportant de-
gree, farther apart.

We have also in the collection of the Academy, the crown of a tooth of
Tapirus Americanus fossilis, deposited by Dr. M. W. Dickeson, and found by
him near Natchez, Mississippi. It is an inferior molar of the left side, appa-
rently the third temporary molar. Its transverse eminences are worn to their
base. Its proportions, and the fact of its being found associated with remains
of Equus Americanus, Mastodon, &c., are sufficient to justify the opinion that
it is fossil, and belonged to the same species as the inferior maxilla just
spoken of.

Dr. Harlan, in his Fauna Americana,* has described the superior left molar
tooth of a Tapir found in Kentucky, which he ascribes to a new species under
the name of Tapirus mastodontoides. Upon comparing his description with
the fossil fragments, and the recent specimens, I think there are not distinctive
characters enough in it to distinguish it as a different species from the recent
one, for the greater obliquity of the transverse eminences of the crown, and
the slight variation in the form of the disks occasioned by attrition, appear to
me to be nothing more than individual peculiarities.

*P. 224,

1849.] 183

The monthly report of the Corresponding Secretary was read and
adopted.

The Academy then, in accordance with the resolution adopted at
the last meeting for business, proceeded to an election for a Recording
Secretary and a Member of the Publication Committee, to supply the
vacancies occasioned by the resignation of Dr. Gambel, with the fol-
lowing result :—

Recording Secretary.—Theodore F. Moss.

Member of Publication Committee—Dr. Robert Bridges.

July 3d.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

Letters were read:

From William Jameson, Esq., dated Quito, May Ist, 1849,
announcing that he was preparing for the Academy another collection
of Plants from the Andes, more extensive and varied than that pre-
viously sent, and in which he designed to group the species, so as to
illustrate in some degree the modifications produced by elevation.

From Dr. Michel, of Charleston, S. C., dated June 25th, 1849,
stating his intention to furnish to the Society, some additional remarks
on the reproduction of the Opossum, “ having recently confirmed his
Opinion expressed in a former communication to the Academy, that
this Marsupial, like the Kangaroo, described by Owen, has no placental
connection whatever.”

From the Librarian of the British Museum, dated Ist June, 1849
returning acknowledgments for late numbers of the Proceedings.

From Edward Blythe, Esq., dated Calcutta, April 18th, 1849,
acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Correspondent.

From the Academy of Natural Sciences of Breslau, dated 13th April,
1849, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings from May to
September, 1848.

From M. Verreaux, dated Paris, April 14th, 1849, returning
acknowledgments for his election as a Correspondent.

Dr. Hallowell read a description of a new species of Eryx (2.
maculatus) from Madras, with a colored drawing of the same, intended
for publication in the Proceedings, which was referred to Drs. Keller,
Bridges, and Townsend.

Dr. Hallowell also stated that the Salamander described by him in
the sixth number, Vol. IV., of the Proceedings (Salamandra lugubris,)
was from the Sandwich Islands, and not from Upper California; the
error having arisen from a false label attached to the bottle comtaining
the specimen.

184 [ JULY,

July 10th.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A letter was read from Professor Eschricht, dated Copenhagen, June
7th, 1848, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a
Correspondent, and proposing exchanges of the publications of Danish
Societies for those of the Academy.

A letter was read from the Rey. Thomas 8. Savage, dated Sumter-
ville, Alabama, June 20th, 1849, addressed to Dr. Hallowell, and en-
closing an interesting communication on the Driver Ants of Western
Africa, intended for publication in the Proceedings. The latter was
referred to the following committee: Prof. Haldeman, Dr. Leidy, and
Dr. Hallowell.

July 31st.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

The Committee to whom was referred Dr. Hallowell’s description
of a new Eryx, from Madras, EOS in favor of publication in the
Proceedings.

Description of a species of Eryx, from Madras.
By Epwarp Hatiowe tt, M. D.
Eryx maculatus.

Description.—Head of moderate size, depressed, covered with scales, larger in
front ; rostral plate large, triangular ; a single nasal plate on each side ; nostril
small; thirteen labial plates margin the upper jaw ; pupil vertical, eye sur-
rounded by a circular series of plates ; iris brownish red; neck of same size as
head posteriorly ; body thicker in the middle, becoming somewhat slender
towards the tail ; scales small, carinated ; a row of single plates under the tail,
followed by others which are bifid; tail short, truncate, (mutilated ?)

Color.—Light brown above, with numerous spots ofthe same tint but darker ;
abdomen light slate color.

Observations.—This beautiful reptile was pointed out to me so long ago as
1840, by the late Dr. Harlan. It was brought from Madras, in the neighborhood
of which it was found upon a sandy soil. It appeared to be perfectly harmless.
The drawing was taken during life by Mr. Richard, and is remarkable for its
accuracy. The above short description is made up from it, the notes which were
written during its life having been mislaid. It, however, is so good that a de-
scription of any kind is almost unnecessary. The entire length was abont one
foot and ahalf. I have long hesitated to publish a description of this animal,
coming as it does from a part of the British possessions so well known as Madras,
but having recently observed in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History,
several species of reptiles described by Mr. Gray as new from the same locality,
not being found in the British Museum, and differing so entirely as it does from
any figure of Eryx hitherto published, I have ventured to present it to the Acad-
emy with the name I have given it.

ap
=)
H
xg
4
=)
I)
<q
=
bd
Pa
foal
fr]

1849.] 185

The Committee on Dr. Keller’s analysis of a calculus from the
bladder of a Whale, reported in favor of publication in the
Proceedings.

Chemical Analysis of a Calculus from the bladder of a Whale.
By Wiuuiam Keuier, M. D.

Whalers report that itis not unusual to find a number of calculi in the bladder
of the whale. These calculi are about the size of a hen’s egg, on the surface very
smooth, and of a white color. On breaking them they are seen to be formed of con-
centric layers, from the thickness of a sheet of paper to that of a quarter of an
inch; the chemical composition throughout being very nearly the same. Mr. Saul
Muller and myself took for analysis different layers, and found them of the same
composition. The chief constituent of the calculus is the double phosphate of
ammonia and magnesia. The quantity of ammonia could not be directly ascer-
tained, passing off at the summer temperature. But it will be seen that the
quantity of phosphate of magnesia found, will answer to the quantity of ammonia
and water found necessary for the formation of the double phosphate.

The pulverized stone was first exposed to tke heat of a water bath, to ascertain
the quantity of water; heated with ether and alcohol to find the quaatity of fat; then
dissolved in nitric acid, the residuum incinerated, the loss was organic matter and
uric acid, while the residuum was silicic acid. The quantity of magnesia was ascer-
tained as ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate, the phosphoric acid as phosphate of
iron. The carbonic acid, the quantity of which was very small, was found by
the apparatus of Will and Fresenius. The rest of the component parts were in
such small quantities that they could not be weighed: they were iron, lime,
chlorine and soda. The ammonia and water were ascertained by calculation.

Analysis.
Found, Calculated.

P2 O5 POM P2 O05 Dion
Mg O 15.75 Me G 15.75
Fat 0.39 NH4 6.08
U 2.66 HO 44.59
Si O2 2.18 Fat 0.89
HO 32.17 u 2.66
C02 0.05 Si Og 2.18
C02 0.05

80.41 cre

Traces of NaO, CaO, FeO, Cl. 98.81

1849.] 187

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM,
In May, Jone anp Jouny, 1849.
May 1st.

Specimen of Tropidonotus leberis, from Montgomery Co., Pennsylvania.
From Dr. Watson.

Several specimens of a fruit, popularly called Snake-nut, from Demerara.
From F. X. Gartland.

Seventy-one specimens of British Lepidoptera. From Mr. Hagedorn, of
Philadelphia, through Mr. Percival.

Dr. Morton deposited thirty Peruvian Crania, from the ancient cemetery of
the Temple of the Sun, near Lima, being a collection made by Mr. Wm. A.
Foster, now of Lima. Also an ancient Egyptian cranium from the Necropolis
of Memphis, whence it was brought by Dr. Huffnagle, of Calcutta.

May ldth.

The following fine collection of Skeletons and Crania, including sixteen of the
former, and ninety-six of the latter, was presented by Dr. Paul B. Goddard:
Skeletons.—Phoca vitulina, Delphinus delphis, Dasypus septemcinctus, Dasy-
procta acuta, Pteropus ——, Dicotyles torquatus, Macacus , scalops cana-
densis, Ara , Psittacus , Lutris , Rhamphastos ——, Phcenicop-
terus , Ibis , Chameleo, and Alligator Mississippiensis.

Crania.—Rhinoceros (2), Elephas, Phoca, Delphinus (4), Tapirus, Equus,
(10), Canis (10), Ursus (3), Felis (2), Simia (9), Lepus (6), Celogenys, Hy-
drocherus, Fiber (2), Hystrix (3), Hydromys, Didelphis (2), Lutra (3), Cas-
tor (2), Condylura, Camelus, Scincus (4), Arvicola, Mephitis (3), Cervus (6),
Bos (2), Geomys (2), Mustela (5), Myrmecophaga, Dasypus (2), Chelonia (3).

Also a cast of the cranium of Delphinus calvertensis. Presented by the same.

May 22d.

Two specimens of Ophiosaurus ventralis, from Beaufort, S. Carolina. Pre-
sented by Mr. James Read.

Numerous specimens of impressions of Fossil Plants from the coal fields of
Hazleton and Beaver Meadow. Presented by Mr. Samuel Powel.

The following additional collection in Comparative Anatomy was received
from Dr. Goddard, viz.: The scapula, humerus, four vertebre and two petrous
bones of the Whale ; cranium of Rhinoceros ; four do. of Bos ; two do. of Equus :
one do. of Capra; two do. of deformed Ovis; one do. of Alligator ; thirty do.
of Birds; three do. of Fish; exoskeleton of Diodon ; nine Shark jaws: two
bones of Mastodon ; and a cranium of Lepidosteus.

June 5th.

Fine and large specimen of Malachite, from Berks Co., Pennsylvania. De-
posited by Mr. Samuel Powel.

Two species of Lepidedendron, and one of Stigmaria. Presented by Mr. H.
Hazzard.

Juue 12th.

Skin of Pelecanus fuscus. From Mr. Harrison.
Very fine specimen, of large size, of Sulphuret of Iron from Elba. From M.
Verreaux, of Paris, through Dr. Wilson.
_ Two specimens of Palemon spinimanus, two of Pseudocarcinus Rhumphii,
Driphia gonagra, Goniopsis ruvicola, Gelasinus vocans, from Brazil. Presented
by Dr. Wilson.
June 19th.

The following collection was received from William Thompson, Esq., of Bel-
fast, Ireland, in exchange, viz.: Two species of Lepus, in skin ; one of Mustela
26

-

188 [July,

erminia, (summer pelage,) from Ireland; and numerous specimens of the fol-
lowing genera of Shells, Crustacea, Echinodermata, &c., viz.: Ostrea, Teredo,
Pholas, Saxicava, Limneus, Planorbis, Dentalium, Aplysia, Bullwa, Doris,
Chiton, Eolis, Acteon, Notodelphys, Chelura, Limnoria, Halarachne, Octole-
othrium, Pagurus, Adamsia, Tristoma, Cecrops, Halichondria, Spongilla, Gran-
tia, , Macropodium, Inachus, Hyas, Eurynome, Xantho, Cancer, Carcinus,
Portunus, Pinnotheres, Corystes, Pagurus, Porcellana, Galathea, Astacus,
Crangon, Pandalus, Palemon, Pyenogenum, Cecrops, Homarus, , Coma-
tula, Ophiura, Cribella, Soleaster, Asterina, Goniaster, Echinus, Echinocyamus,
Spatangus, Amphidolus, Cucumaria, Ocnus, Thyone, Holothuria, Sipunculus,
Uraster, Acamarchis, Anguinaria, Aleyonidium, Alcyonium, Antennularia,
Campanularia, Cellularia, Crisea, Cellepora, Discopora, Eudendrium, Farcimia,
Flustra, Hydractinia, Laomedea, Lepralia, Membranipora, Notamia, Paludi-
cella, Plumularia, Serialaria, Thoa, Sertularia, Thuiaria, Tubulipora, Valkeria,

Vesicularia, Virgularia, ——. Also 144 species of marine Alge, from the
Irish coast.

July 10th.

Goniaster reticulata ; from Maracaibo. Presented by Dr. C. D. Meigs.
_ Specimen of gray Sulphuret of Copper, from the Schuyler Mines, and-Red
oaee of do., from Washington Mine, New Jersey. Presented by Theodore F.
oss, Esq.
Leuciscus atronasus, in spirits. From J. D. Sergeant, Esq.
Vest and Eggs of Hirundo rufa. From Mr. J. Stalder.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

In May, Jung, AND JULY.
May 1st.

Twelve lectures on Comparative Anatomy, delivered before the Lowell Insti-
tute, January and February, 1849. By Jeffries Wyman, M.D. From the
author.

Researches upon the vital dynamics of civil government. By B. Dowler,
M.D. From the author.

Echinide, recent and fossil, of South Carolina. By E. Ravenel, M. D.
From the author.

Eloge historique de Jean Frederich Blumenbach- Par M. Flourens. From
Dr. Morton.

De Epidermide humana. Auctor Alphonsus Wendt. From the same.

Afferunter nonnulla ad Amiam calvam (Lin.) accuratius cognoscendam.
Auctor Henricus Franque. From the same.

Bibliothéque Zoologique et paleontologique. Par Louis Agassiz. Folio.
From the same.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following :-—

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 72. 4to.

History of British Mollusca. By Prof. Forbes and S. Stanley. Part 14. Syo.

Phycologia Britannica. By Wm. H. Harvey, M.D. Part 39. 8vo.

Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. By P. H. Gosse. Part 12.

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. Part 26. 4to.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 24. Ato.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 3. New Series. No. 15.

The Natural History of Ireland. Vol. 1. Birds. By Wm. Thompson, Esq.
8vo.

The Naturalist’s Repository. By E. Donovan. 5 vols. 8yo.

Abhandlungen aus dem gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von
dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg. Vol. 1.

Voyage of the Blonde to the Sandwich Islands in 1824, 25.

1349.] 139

Bulletinjde l’ Academie Royale des Sciences de Belgique. Vols. 1 to 11, Vol.
12, part 1, Vol. 13, part 1. 8vo.
Madras Journal of Literature and Science. Nos. 1 to 18.

May 18th.

™ The American Journal of Science and Arts. New Series, No. 21. May, 1849.
From the Editors.

Comptes rendus. Tome 28. Nos. 4, 5,6. Deposited by Dr. Wilson.

The London Atheneum. March, 1849. From the same.

May 15th.

Phrenologien bedémd frau en Anatomisk standpunkt. Af Prof. A. Retzius.
From the author.

Peruvianernas Craneiform af A. Retzius. From the same.

In systema nervorum sympatheticum Gadi lote Lin. observationes. Scripsit
O. E. A. Hjelt. From Dr. Morton.

Notice sur deux espéces de Brachiopodes du terrain paleozoique de la Chine.
Par L. De Koninck, D. M. From the same.

Memoir of Dr. Thomas Charles Hope. By Thomas Steuart Trail, M. D.
From the same.

Additional observations on a new living species of Hippopotamus, of Western
Africa, (H. Liberiensis.) By 8S. G. Morton, M.D. From the same.

Indices generum Malacozoorum primordia. Conscripsit A. N. Heermannsen.
No. 10. From Mrs. L. W. Say.

Experimental researches in Electricity. 22d series. By Michael Faraday.
4to. From the author.

Ueber die vorbedingungen zur entstehung einer Chronologie bei den Agyptern
und die Méglichkeit ihrer Wiederherstellung als einleitung zur Chronologie der
igypter. Von R. Lepsius. 4to. From the author.

Report by the Superintendent of the Coast Survey, on an application of the
galvanic circuit to an astronomical clock and telegraph register in determining
local differences of longitude, &. From Prof. A. D. Bache.

June 5th.

Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Nos. 39 to 42, July, 1848,
to March, 1849. From the Society.

A lecture on the mechanical industry and the inventive genius of America.
By Walter R. Johnson. From the Author

History and transformation of Corydalus cornutus. By S.S. Haldeman. In-
ternal anatomy ofthe same. By Joseph Leidy,M. D. From the Authors.

June 12th.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following :—

The London Atheneum, January to December, 1848. The same for April,
1849.

History of British Mollusca. By Prof. Forbes and S. Stanley. Part 16.

Revue Zoologique. No. 11 for 1848.

Phycologia Britannica. By. W. H. Harvey, M.D. Part 40.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 3. New series. No. 16.

Archiv fir Naturgeschichte. Von A. P. A. Wiegmann. Herausgeg: von Dr.
Erichson. No. 5 for 1847, and No. 2 for 1848.

‘Mémoires presentés 4 Academie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg.
Vol. 6. No. 2. 4to.

The Zoology of the Voyage of the Samarang. No. 4. 4to.

Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig gekannter Conchylien.
Von. Dr. R. A. Phillippi. Vol. 3. Part 4.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 25. 4to.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 28. Nos. 7—13.

Isis von Oken. Nos. 8 and 9 for 1848. z

190 [Juny,

The genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. Part 27. 4to.

Zeitschrift fir Malakozoologie. Von Karl Theo. Menke, M. D. and Dr. L.
Pfeiffer. Jan.—Dec. 1849, Jan.—July 1848.

Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. By P. P. Gosse. Part 13.

Zoologia Typica. By Louis Frazer. Part 14.

Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane in dem Jahren
1828, ’29,’30. Von Adolph Erman. Vol. 1. | 8vo.

Untersuchungen uber Trilobiten yon Dr. Ernst Beyrich. 4to.

Die bis jetzt bekannten arten aus der famille der Regenwtirmer. Von W.
Hoffmeister. 4to.

Symbole ad Erinacei Europ#i Anatomen. Auctore MauritiusSembert. 4to.

Incones Physiologice. Auctore Rudolpho Wagner. 4to.

Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica. Auctore Petro Pallas. 3 vols. 4to. Icones 6
fascic. 4to.

Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Wirbelthiere. Von Dr. R. Wagner. 2 vols.

A general synopsis of Birds, and Supplement. (J. Latham.) 8 vols.

Index Ornithologicus. Auctore Joanne Latham. 2 yols. 4to.

The Naturalist’s Library. Ichthyology, Vols. 2, 4,6. Entomology, Vols. 6
and 7. Mammalogy Vols. 7 and 8. 12mo,

Malacologia Monensis. A catalogue of the mollusca inhabiting the Isle of
Man. By Edward Forbes. 8vo.

A synoptical table of British organic remains. By Samuel Woodward. 8vo.

Getruen darstellung und beschreibung der Thiere die in der arzneimittellehre
in betracht kommen in systematischen folge herausgeg. Von J. F. Brandt und
J.T. CO. Retzeburg. 2 vols. 4to.

Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur la gestation des Quadrumanes.
Par G. Breschet. 4to.

Abbildung und beschreibung merkwurdiger Siugethiere von Dr. Weigmann
Nos. 1 and 2, 4to., and Atlas folio.

Recherches sur les animaux fossiles. Par L. De Koninck, D. M. Part 1.

Cours sur la génération, l’ovologie et l’embryologie, faitau Museum d histoire
naturelle en 1836, par M. Flourens. 4to.

Analecten fur Vergleichunde Anatomie. Von Dr. Mayer. 4to.

Beitrige zur kenntniss des Norddeutschen Oolithgebildes und dessen Verstein-
erangen. Von Fr. C. L. Koch und W.Dunker. 4to.

Incones Zootomice. Von Rudolph Wagner. Folio.

Deiectus Flore et Faune Brasiliensis. Auctore J.C. Mikan. Parts 1—4.
Folio.

June 19th.

Sixty-second Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of
New York. From the Regents.

The progress of Ethnology. By J. R. Bartlett. Second edition. 8vo. From
Dr. 8. G. Morton. of

American Ethnology. By E. G. Squier. From the same.

Catalogue of the plants of Cincinnati, collected by T.G. Lea, From Mr. J.
M. Lea.

July 3d.

Report of a Geological Reconnoisance of the Chippewa land district of Wis-
consin and the Northern parts of Iowa. By David Dale Owen. 8vo. From
Mr. J. Sergeant, jr.

The Hisfory of Mexico. By Abbe D. Francesco Clavigero. Translated from
the Italian by Charles Cullen, Esq. 2 vols. 4to. From Dr. R. Bridges.

The Natural History of Ireland. By William Thompson, Esq. Vol. 1. Birds.
8vo. From the Author.

Note on the Teredo Norvegica, Xylophaga dorsalis, &c., combined in destroy-
ing the submerged wood work at the harbor of Androssan, on the coast of Ayr-
shire. By W. Thompson. From the same.

Note on the effects of the hurricane of Jan. 8th, 1839, in Ireland, on some
birds, fishes, &. By W. Thompson. From the same.

1849.] 191

The Crustacea of Ireland, order Decapoda. By W. Thompson. From the
same.

Note on Pagurus Prideauxii. By W. Thompson. From the same.

Note on Argulus foliaceus, Jur. By W. Thompson. From the same.

On the species of Stickleback (Gasterosteus, L.) found in Ireland. By W.
Thompson. From the same.

On a new genus of Fishes, from India. By W. Thompson. From the same.

On Ova, believed to be those of the large spotted Dog fish, (Scillium catulus,
L.) From the same.

On some snow crystals observed on the 14th of January, 1838. By W.Thomp-
son and R. Patterson. From the same. ;

Comparison of the periods of flowering of certain plants in the early spring of
1546, in the Botanic Garden of Belfast, and the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. By
W. Thompson. From the same.

On a minute Alga which colors Ballydrain Lake in the County of Antrim.
By W. Thompson. From the same.

Note on the occurrence at various times of the bottle-nosed Whale Hyperodon
Butzkopf, Lac.,) on the coast of Ireland, &c. By W. Thompson. From the
same.

Report on the Fauna of Ireland. Div. Invertebrata. By W. Thompson. From
the same.

On an apparently undescribed species of Lepadogaster, and on the Gobius
minutus, Miller, and Cyclcpterus minutus, Pallas? considered as the young of C.
lumpus, Linn. By W. Thompson. From the same.

July 10th.

American Journal of Science and Arts. New series. No. 22. July, 1849,
From the Editors.

Archiv ftir Naturgeschichte. Von A. P. A. Wiegmann; Herausgeg. von Dr.
Erichson. No. 6, for 1847. Deposited by Dr. Wilson.

Comptes Rendus. Vol. 28. Nos. 14, 15,16. From the same.

London Athenzum, for May 1849. From the same.

Isis von Oken. No. 10, for 1848. From the same.

Revue Zoologique. No.12, for 1848. From the same.

United States Exploring Expedition. Atlas to Zoophytes, by J. D. Dana.
Folio. From the same.

On the Composition of the Schuylkill Water. By M.H. Boye,M.D. From
the Author.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 8. Nos. land 2.
From the Editors.

Monographie des Erotyliens. Par M. Th. Lacordaire. 8vo. From the Au-
hor.

mai 4
oes

,
eat ¥ ml

7 Bey

see be res GH BANE dany nw

mart A mi it TH awit svt Pri
eben Tater ek let een Ba ined nl ye .

} t mT i@ wie fht'. yim. a
meee : cys cia

1849] 193

Auyust Tth.

Dr. BrivGes in the Chair.

The Chairman read the following letter addressed to him by Dr. C.
D. Meigs, dated New Haven, Connecticut, Aug. 4th, 1849, relating
some experiments which he made to ascertain the effects of deep-sea
pressure on the uterus of the Cetacea ; and which resulted in confirm-
ing the views which he expressed in his paper on this subject, publish-
ed in the last number of the Journal of the Academy, (New Series,
Vol. 1, Part 3.)

“Yesterday, (May 3d,) I obtained permission to use the custom house boat, a
small sloop, to go out into the sound for the purpose of trying my experiment on
the effect of sea-pressure on the uterus.

I was fortunate in having as companion for the excursion, Mr. Theodore W.
Werner, of the Coast Survey, a gentleman who is occupied in this part of the
country, and was for a long time one of Mr. Haslar’s assistants. I had a gum-
elastic bag, shaped very much like the uterus in question. It was fitted with a
smooth neck, or goulot, stopped with a velvet cork that fitted accurately.

Mr. Werner was of opinion that the cork would not escape, but rather be
driven in; in which he coincided with yourself and others. The wind being
light, we could not find water over 94 fathoms.

Mr. Werner calculated that the pressure at 60 feet below the surface would be
over 1000 pounds.

We threw the sloop in stays, and hove the dipsy overboard, which carried the
uterustothe bottom. It cameup with the cork undisturbed; asecond and third
trial were followed by the same result. On the fourth trial, having inflated the
uterus, and adjusted the cork very lightly, it came up, having lost the stopper.

Now, you will please observe, that the experiment was a very fair one, for as
the throat of the bottle was tied to the dipsy line, the cork necessarily looked
downwards, and if floated at all, it must float towards the throat of the bottle.

I threw it over again, and by the time it reached the bottom, the cork wag
driven out with violence, and the whole of the air came rushing to the surface, so
as tomake me think, when I saw it coming from below, that a Dolphin was shoot-
ing upwards to the surface. F

Mr. Werner was very much gratified with the result, and I assure you I was
not less so; and I conclude that it justifies meia the rationale I have given of the
economical purpose of the double cervix of the Cetacean female.”

The Publication Committee announced the publication of Part 3,
Vol. 1., New Series of the Journal of the Academy.

August 14th.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A paper entitled “Qn several new Hymenoptera, of the genera
Ampulex, Sigalphus, Chelonus and Dorylus, by S. S. Haldeman,” was
read and referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Leidy, Zantzinger
and Keller. ?

The Chairman read an extract of a letter from Maximilian, Prince

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA.—VOL. IV. NO. X. i |

194 [ Ava.

de Wied, accompanying the copy of Dr. Riippell’s work on the Fauna
of Abyssinia, announced at last meeting.

On motion, it was Jesolved, That the Publication Committee be
authorized to present to the Prince de Wied, Part 2, Vol. VIII., First
Series, and Parts 1, 2 and 3, New Series, ofthe Journal of the Academy.

August 21st.
Dr. BripcEs in the Chair.

The following letter from Miss M. H. Morris, of Germantown, dated
July 21st, 1849, was read by the Corresponding Secretary.

‘T have delayed proposing a name for the Cecidomyia, that feeds in the culm of
the wheat, because I wished my communication to be accompanied by a complete
series of specimens from the egg to the perfect fly ; but since 1843, it has not
appeared in this neighborhvod in sufficient numbers for me to trace it through
its several changes: I am therefore obliged to offer the name of C. culmicola,
as an appropriate one, with a brief history of its habits, as I have seen it, and
trust I may be more fortunate in future in procuring specimens for exami-
nation and description.

The insect deposits its eggs early in June, on the grain, in or over the germ,
while the grain is in the softor milky state. The eggs remain unbatched until
the grain germinates, but when the plant has grown about three or four inches,
the worm may be seen, with the aid of a strong magnifying glass, feeding above
the top joint, in the centre of the culm, where it remains until it has arrived at
maturity. Should this occur before the culm has become hard, the worm eats its
way through the joints, inside of the straw, and makes its escape at the root,
ascends the straw on the outside, where it attaches itself firmly, and awaits its
change ; the outer skin becomes the puparium. In the pupa, or flax-seed state,
it closely resembles the C. destructor, and has heretofore been mistaken for that
species.

Should the culm of the wheat become prematurely hard before the worm hag
finished feeding, as is often the case, the insect will remain imprisoned for life,
passing through its changes inside the straw, and there perish without the power
to escape, unless some accidental passage be made for it. Ihave liberated hun-
dreds with my pen knife, and thousands make their escape after the grain has
been reaped and carried into the barn.

When the insect is thus unnaturally retarded, the time of its perfect develop-
ment is uncertain ; and I have found them on the straw, and in spiders, webs, in
and neara barn, from Juneuntil September. This destructive insect may there-
fore be carried in the straw from one country to another, as well as in the grain.”

Letters were also read :

From the Secretary of the Royal Academy of Sciences, of Brussels,
accompanying the donation of the numbers of the Bulletin of that So-
ciety, announced this evening, and soliciting an exchange of publica-
tions, which was accordingly ordered.

From M. Lacordaire, dated Liege, April 20, 1849, returning ac-
knowledgments for his election as a Corresponding Member, announc-
ing the receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy presented to him

1849.] 195

in return fora copy of his late work, in two volumes, ‘‘ Monographie des
Phytophages,” and also proposing an exchange of Coleoptera of North
America for those of Europe.

From M. Fischer de Waldheim, dated Moscow, 1st May, 1849, ac-
knowledging the reccption of his notice of election as a Correspondent.

Mr. Cassin called the attention of the Society to the specimen of Anas
Rafilesii, King, (Jard. and Selby, Ill. Orn. n.s., pl. 23,) presented this evening
by E. Pilaté, M. D., of Opelousas, La. This, Mr. C. stated, is the first: instance
of the capture of this species within the limits of the United States, to the fauna
of which it is an addition of the highest interest.

Dr. Pilaté, who obtained the present specimen in the neighborhood of his
residence, represents it as the only one which has come under his observation.
To this gentleman, who is ardently devoted to the study of Ornithology, the
Academy is highly indebted for this valuable specimen.

August 28th.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

The Committee to which was referred the paper of Dr. Savage, on
the Driver Ants of West Africa, reported in favor of its publication in
the Proceedings of the Academy, with some additional observations by
the Committee, suggested by the specimens sent by Dr. Savage with
the paper.

The Driver Ants of Western Africa.
By Tuomas 8. Savace, M. D.

These remarkable and interesting insects have been, till quite recently, with-
out their place in our systems of Natural History. Occasional, but very im-
perfect notices have been given from time to time of Smeathman and Afzelius
to the present, of one or two annoying features in their economy ; but till now,
no regular description either of their entomological character or habits.

In 1845, the author of this article, after a series of observations, sent, in com-
pliance with a promise, a detailed account of their habits, with numerous spe-
cimens, to J. O. Westwood, Esq., Secretary of the Entomological Society of
London.*

Mr. W. dissected with that minuteness and accuracy for which he is so re-
markable, individuals of the three classes into which they had been divided,
and published the results with illustrations, supplementary to the account, in
the Transactions of the Society.

The insect in its perfect state had not then been discovered. Neuters with
larve and pup only were sent. The former only (meuters), it seems, arrived
in a state for examination. This is the more to be regretted, since, soon after
sending his account to London, the author left the loeality for his health, with-
out the prospect of returning.

* See Vol. 5, First Part, Transactions of London Entomological Sociéty, for
remarks of Mr. W., and the account of the habits of the insects, more in detail.

196 [Avo.

The statement in the account that the insect was without eyes, (i. e. the
neuter, ) was confirmed by Mr. Westwood, which fact renders certain features
of their economy the more remarkable.

Mr. Shuckard gives, in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London,
a new species of the Formicide, on which he founds the genus Anomma. To
this Mr. Westwood assigns the Driver of West Africa, and describes it as a new
species under the name of arcens, in allusion to the remarkable habit which
has gained for it the significant name of Driver.

Since his communication to the Entomological Society of London, the author
has discovered a second species, which he denominates the Red Driver, a de-
scription of which follows that of the black species.

Description.—Family Formicide (Leach); Genus Anomma (Shuckard).

Species 1. Ancens ( Westwood).

Neutr.—Nigra, subnitida ; antennis (articulo basali excepto), coxis, geniculis,
tarsisque piceis; capite plus minusve oblongo-quadrato, in individuis maximis
postice magis angusto, margine postico emarginato; clypeo, inter basin anten-
narum, bicarinato; antennis impressionibus duabus insertis, 1l-articulatis ;
oculis obsoletis ; mandibulis elongatis, gracilibus, falcatis, ante medium dente
majori alterogue pone medium plus minusve distincto, interstitio serrato:
maxillis labiis duobus apicalibus, externo ad apicem setoso; palpis maxillari-
bus brevissimis, et, ut videtur, 3-articulatis ; labio magno carnoso striato,
palpis labialibus longitudine labii 2-articulatis, thorace e segmentis duobus
longitudine equalibus constanti, prothorace infero, lateribus dilatatis tamen
‘supra visis; meso-thorace antice latiore, meta-thorace parum compresso
utrinque spiracula instructo, apice recte truncata; abdominis pedunculo elon-
gato utrinque versus basin tuberculo minuto instructo; segmento sequenti
pedunculo latiori semi-ovali, reliquis parum constrictis.

Long. corp. lin. 13-5.

Habitat in Africa occidentali tropicali.

In Mus. Westw. Acad. et Nostr.

This species was captured at Cape Palmas, Lat. 4° 26’ N., and is to be found
throughout the West Coast; Cape Palmas, however, and a few hundred miles
east and west, being its proper locality.

Species 2. A. RUBELLA, Savage.

Neutr.—Rubra, subnitida; antennis, coxis, geniculis tarsisque rubris, versus
marginem diaphanis.

Long. corp. lin. 13-4.

Habitat in Africa occidentali tropicali.

In Mus. Acad. et Nostr.

The neuters of A. rudlela are less numerous than those of arcens, and, gen-
erally, of a smaller size. The mandibles are less faleate and pointed: their
habits the same.

This species I discovered in the Mpongive District, a section of the west coast
on the banks of the Gaboon river, near the Equator.

Habits —They are exceedingly ferocious. They have no permanent dwelling
place, but wander about in search of prey. Shallow cavities and crevices in
rocks, are adopted as their temporary habitations. The deepest cavity for this
purpose discovered, did not exeed two feet. The interior exhibits no mechani-

1849.) 197

cal contrivance for the depositing of food, or hatching of eggs ; for these pur-
poses, spaces between the stones, sticks, &c. found within, are adopted.

This absence of mechanical arrangement in their dwellings accords well with
their known predaceous habits.

Their sallies are usually made towards night, and in cloudy days. Should
they be detained abroad till late in the morning of a sunny day, they construct
for their protection against the heat, arches over their path, of earth, agglutinated
by a fluid secreted from their mouths. Should their course lie through thick
grass or projecting substances, the arch will be wanting, or more or less im-
perfect, depending on the degree of shelter thus afforded.

That this arch is designed to protect them against the heat, may be inferred
from its absence in cloudy or rainy days. Such is their extreme sensitiveness,
that, when exposed to the direct rays of the sun, especially if the heat be in-
creased by reflection from surrounding surfaces, they expire in the space of two
minutes. Even with the arch, when far from their domicil, they will retire in the
middle of the day to the thick grass, and there regale themselves in the shade
till the decline of the sun, when their work is renewed with characteristic vigor.

In migrating, protection is afforded to their pupe and young, by an arch con-
structed of the bodies of the larger class, or soldiers. Their mandibles and legs
are so curiously locked and intertwined, that a complete and formidable cover-
ing is presented ; at such times individual soldiers will be seen on the outside,
acting as guards and scouts, while others of the same class are within, appa-
rently performing the part of superintendents and commanders. In case of alarm
the arch is instantly broken, and the soldiers are seenrunning about in the most
confused and hurried manner, with their jaws extended and antenne working in
all directions, thus presenting a highly angry and ferocious aspect. Should the
alarm prove false, the victory be won, or danger passed, the arch is quickly re-
newed, the maincolumn brought again to order, and their march resumed in all
the regularity of intellectual, military discipline. Their paths present a beaten
appearance, with freedom from all moveable obstructions.

As to their relation sustained to the economy of the community, they may be
divided into three classes. It is the office of the first, or largest, which may be
called the soldiers, to defend the community, attack and disable the prey. Their
mandibles have long and slender points, well adapted to penetrate, and by their
strongly falcate shape, to hold fast the objects of attack.

The second class frequently act as aids to the first, but their chief office evi-
dently is, to lacerate the prey and reduce it to a portable condition. Their
mandibles are flatter than those of the first, sharp, and have their teeth more
developed.

The third are comparatively of very small size, and have their mandibles
developed in a manner similar to those of the second class. These sustain chiefly
the relation of carriers, and, perhaps, with the second class, may be properly de-
nominated laborers. This diminutive size of the laborers is seen also among the
Termites, or White ants, while the soldiers are comparatively of gigantic form.

There is occasionally an irterchange of offices among these different classes,
as when an individual is found inadequate to accomplish his task; but it is
very evident to an observer, that in general, they sustain the relation~to the
community above described.

198 [Aua.

As soon as the prey is disabled, preparations begin for its transportation.
While the class, whose duty it is, are lacerating the flesh, and reducing it toa
state proper for removal, others are engaged in clearing a path between the
locality and their domicil ; the whole under the conduct of individuals of the
first class.

This stage of their operations is intensely interesting to the observer. The
facility and rapidity with which these little creatures, without the aid of eyes,
overcome mountain obstacles, is surprising beyond expression ; the greater the
difficulty, the greater their effort and perseverance. One is seen dragging along
a straw or stick many times his own length and size ; another grasping, rolling,
then pushing along a stone far exceeding his own weight and bulk, and when
his own power is not sufficient, calling in the aid of others, each knowing that
a work is to be done, none idle, and every one doing promptly his part. At first,
in the preparatory stage, there is apparently considerable confusion, the differ-
ent classes commingled, running backwards and forwards, and many missing
the direct way to their domicil. But soon the soldiers are seen moving about
with great activity, evidently bringing the lines into order. After a while they
arrange themselves at different distances, on both sides of the path. The labor-
ers are then kept within, in two nearly right lines, one going and the other re-
turning; while on the outside are guards and scouts, intent upon the approach
of danger, and ready to give alarm.

The pupe and prey are carried longitudinally under their body.

Their bite is severe, and differs from that of the soldiers among the Termites.
The latter work their mandibles, which are fiat, in a cross direction, like scis-
sors. The former, with mandibles falcate, round and pointed, work them alter-
nately from side to side, penetrating deeper at each stroke, till they meet beneath
the flesh. So tenacious is their hold, that frequently it is broken only by a
separation of the head from the body, and even, then the head will often con-
tinue to work its jaws beneath the flesh with undiminished force.

The degree of sagacity manifested by this insect in time of difficulty is very
great. Onone occasion, having been driven from their domicil by the applica-
tion of fire, they congregated in vast numbers around and on the body ofa neigh-
boring tree. From the lower limbs, about four feet high, hung several chains
or festoons of these insects, their jaws locked and their legs twined, one with
another, till they reached the ground. One of these chains, on my arrival, was
in the act of completion. Ant after ant descended gradually, lengthening it out
till it reached the broad leaf of a plant (Canna coccinea) below. It then swung
to and fro, in a breeze blowing strongly from the sea, which rendered it diffi-
cult for the terminal ant to secure his hold, and thus complete the desired com_
munication. Aftera few unsuccessful trials, another ant of the same class (the
soldiers) ascended the plant, and taking his stand on the leaf directly uuder the
vibrating column, fixed his hind claws in the leaf, and raising his body on the
apex of his abdomen, reached forth his fore legs, opened wide his jaws, and closed
in with his fellow from above, thus completing the most curious ladder in the
world. Another fact of great interest: should a stream of water of small ex-
tent, intercept their course, they will compass it, but if this be difficult, they
will throw across a bridge of their own bodies, over which the main column
marches with freedom and safety.

Another habit of equal interest may be here stated. A like assertion has been

1849. 199

made of another species of South American Formicide, but doubted by some
“‘ in-door” naturalist or compiler.

The seasons in West Africaare divided into “wet” and “dry,” each making
up about half of the year. During the former, violent and continued rains often
occur, which, either directly, or from the rapid rise of the river, cause an over-
flow of thelow grounds. As the Drivers delight in rather low situations, usual-
ly little above the base of hills, they are often exposed to inundations. In such
emergency, they leave their domicils, throw themselves into a rounded mass,
deposit their eggs, &c. in the centre, and thus float on the water, till a place of
safety is reached, or the flood subsides. Even in situations beyond this over-
flow, so copions and incessant are the rains at times, that they must be deluged
for daysin their nests. Under such circumstances, one would suppose that
they would perish. Many undoubtedly do, for all communities of animal exist-
ences are exposed tocasualties. Butin this case, as throughout the kingdom of
nature, God has most graciously established a system of compensation, illus-
trating at once the minuteness of his Providence and his benevolence. As he
has endowed this insect with a high degree of vitality, so has he given to it
great tenacity of life and powers of endurance.

Individuals submerged in water have lived more than 24 hours ; and when
decapitated, 48 hours! The head separated from the body will bite for several
hours after, apparently with as much force as when in all its natural connections.

They are decidedly aggressive in their habits. The dread of them rests upon
every living thing. It isa statement literally true, that ‘‘ they drive everything
before them, capable of motion.”’ Their entrauce into dwellings is known by
the simultaneous movement of rats, mice, lizards, roaches, &c. &c. with which
they may be infested. Even man, styled ‘“ Lord of creation,” bows to this, a
more numerous foe; for let the Drivers enter one door and he quickly escapes at
the other.

So intense is the bite by accumulation, that the largest animal, if confined, is
overpowered and destroyed. The dread with which all animals are inspired,
of this diminutive creature, may be inferred from the statement universally made
by the natives on the coast, respecting their largest serpent, the Python natalen-
sis. After disabling its prey by the fearful process of constriction, the Python,
it is said, makes a wide sweep in the vicinity, to see if the Drivers are near;
should they not be, he returns to the work ofengorgement, but if near, he aban-
dons his prey to their more numerous jaws.

Donkeys, on coming to them, crossing the road, will suddenly turn, and
throw their rider to one side, and if urged onward will give a leap far over the line.

Dogs, rather than run the risk of a leap, will compass their track by going a
long distance round.

The smaller snakes, lizards, &c., are disabled very soon after the attack.
This easy victory seems to be accomplished by an early destruction of vision.
The mandibles of the Drivers being long and sharp-pointed, penetrate with great
ease the membranes of the eye. Domestic animals being generally confined at
night, are often destroyed by them.

When they enter a dwelling their movements are characterized with a good
degree of order. If they discover prey, they congregate upon it in vast num-
bers, when they may be easily destroyed by boiling water. *€

Their ascent into beds may be prevented by putting the feet of the bedsteads
into vessels of vinegar, or some other uncongenial fluid. This will be successful

200 [Avua.

if the rooms be ceiled, otherwise they will drop from above, bringing along with
them their noxious prey in the act of contending for victory.

For food they prefer fresh animal, or insectal matter. The larve of other
insects, and the young of all animals, are obnoxious to them, hence all heaps of
rubbish, and hiding places of such prey, when occurring in their route, are care-
fully explored. Hence, too, the Drivers, when returning from their predatory
excursions, afford some of the rarest and finest of the smaller specimens of Ento-
mology.

Newly expressed oils are also favorite articles of food, especially the vegetable,
that obtained from the fruit of the Elais guiniensis—the Palm oil of commerce.

The Drivers, though often a great annoyance, are not without their uses in the
economy of nature. They tend to keep down the rapid increase of noxious in-
sects and smaller reptiles. They consume much dead animal and vegetable
matter, which, constantly occurring in tropical climates, vitiates the atmosphere ;
and, which is not the least important, they compel the inhabitants to observe
habits of comparative cleanliness in their dwellings and on their premises, as 4
filthy town or house is the sure object of frequent visits.

The natives of Africa dread their approach, for being almost naked, wearing
a narrow piece of cotton around their loins only, they are the more exposed
to their bites; but more especially, say they, ‘‘ because they deprive us of two
things we love most, poultry and sleep.

~

On the identity of Anomma with Dorylus, suggested by specimens which Dr.
Savage found together, and transmitted to illustrate his paper on the Driver
Ants. By the Committee to which it was referred.

In the letter transmitting his paper on the Driver ants to the Academy, Dr.
Savage says, “In the small vial you will find specimens of rubella, with three
very large individuals, which I consider the perfect insect. Now here is pre-
sented an interesting point of investigation, viz., the true relation of these larger
individuals to the Driver ants.’ These specimens afford a solution to a prob-
blem which has engaged the attention of entomologists; namely, the relation of
the Dorylides to the Formicide, since the large ones alluded to belong to the
genus Dorylus. They are 13 lines long, and seem to be reterrible to D. nigri-
cans, and they had cast their wings. There is little to indicate an identity of
species between them andi rubella, as these want the holosericeous surfaces. The
color and texture of the head and mandibles agree, however, and the medial
and posterior cox# present a narrow excavation superiorly (for the reception of
the femora when elevated,) in place of the conspicuous cup-shaped one in the
corresponding limbs of the male. The mandibles in this sex are slender and
have the apex incurved, but not falcate, and they are without teeth. The fe-
mora are extremely compressed, and the abdominal peduncle is about as wide
as the succeeding segment.

There are two forms, both of arcens and rubella, one of which includes the
largest individuals, the mandibles of which are armed with one abrupt, erect
medial tooth ; the other and more abundant form is variable in size, and the
mandibles have two slender teeth directed forwards. The labial organs and
maxille are alikein both forms of both species. These organs cannot be com-
pared in ‘Dorylus,’ because, with the mouth, they are entirely wanting: the
margins of the labium and labrum being solidly united.

1849,] 201

The circumstances attending the capture of these insects are thus stated by
Dr. Savage.

“In the month of April, 1847, I visited the mission of the Am. Board Com. For:
Miss., at Gaboon, 15’ northoftheequator. Walking out at’7 o’clock onacloudy
morning, I saw a column of red drivers crossing the path. They consisted of
two lines, as is always the case, one going, the other returning to their domicil.
I stopped some time to compare them with the black species which abounds at
Cape Palmas and that part of the west coast generally. They were not as nu-
merous nor as large as arcens, but equally ferocious and offensive. Their ar-
rangements and movements were the same. I soon discovered within the lines
the large insects in question. I was here taken by surprise, as I had observed
nothing like them in the economy of the Black drivers. The first idea present-
ed tomy mind was, that they were captives, but on observing further, they
seemed to be no unimportant members of the community. Within a distance
of about two rods I discovered ten of this class. I was soon convinced that
they belonged to the drivers, and proceeded to test the truth of the conclusion-
I took one or two from the lines to a distance of six and ten feet. They seemed
at once to miss their companions, and manifested great trepidation, and made
continuous efforts to find a way ofreturn. At last they reached the lines and”
instantly resumed their places, displaying at the same time decided gratifica-
tion. Nor were the lines thrown into any confusion by their entrance, as they
would most surely have been in case of a foreign insect or body. On further
watching their motions, I perceived that they did not continue on with the
drivers, but after going a certain distancereturned. This they repeated, going
and returning. What office they performed I could not discover. My time
was limited, not permitting me to trace them to their domicil. It was with
regret that I left them; but from the observations made, it was evident that
they were members of thedrivercommunity. Icannot doubt that they are the
perfect state of the insect. Several natives recognized them as insects that flew
about, and into their houses at night. This is altogether probable when they
first attain their winged state. Similar insects closely allied to Dorylus, it is
known, fly at night into houses at Cape Palmas, undoubtedly bearing the
same relation to arcens or the Black driver.’’

The facts here stated are sufficient evidence that Anomma Shuckhard 1840, is
another condition of Dorylus Latr. 1802, which must take its place among the
Formic-ide, agreeably to the views of St. Fargeau. For the sake of convenient
reference, we may, with Dr. Savage, regard the larger form of the drivers
(Anomma) as soldiers, the intermediate ones as workers, and the smallest as
carriers.

In the same manner, Shuckhard’s view of the identity of Typhlopone with
Labidus is rendered probable, which would require the latter to be placed in
the Formic-ide, to which Mr. Westwood has shown that Typhlopone belongs.
Thus not only will Anomma and Typhlopone be superseded, but the supposed
family of the Dorylide will be suppressed.*

*Typhlopone pallipes Hald., 1844, Proceed. Acad. 2, 54, does not belong to
this genus, but rather to Amblyopone Er., Arch. Naturg., 1842, p. 260, pl. 5,
fig. 7: with the characters of which it agrees, except that the mandibles are
toothed from end to end, and the antenne are 12-articulate, instead of 11 as
required by his text, although his figure represents 12, The eyes are visible,
although small and indistinct.

202 (Aug.

The chief question remaining to be disposed of relates to the female. The
thorax of the soldiers presents no observable alar cicatrices, and as they are
anomalous in their small size when compared with the male Dorylus, we must
search for the normal female in some large unrecognized form.

The specimens named rubella, although distinct from arcens, resemble it very
closely, even to the details of the oral organs. The form of the labium, as de-
termined by a careful dissection, does not agree with Mr. Westwood’s figure.
His representation of the maxill« (in which he has omitted the mando and galea)
is more accurate. Both species have a posterior lateral spine on the thorax,
and a compressed sharp spine directed backwards and placed along the middle
of the abdominal peduncle, which has also a small lateral tubercle. In rubella
the sternum is carinated, and has aspine upon each side of the carina, between
the medial coxw. The head is rather less contracted posteriorly than in arcens.
The general similarity is sufficiently great to make the two species congeneric ;
and if Dorylus nigricans is taken as the male of rubella, it will be difficult to
assign a male to arcens from among the described species of Dorylus. The ab-
dominal peduncle of arcens is slightly smaller than in rubella, whilst the insect
is rather larger, so that a Dorylus with a small peduncle may be the correspond-
ing male: and among these D. glabratus Shk. might be chosen, as it is larger
than nigricans. There is, however, too much discrepancy inthe color to admit
such a conclusion without hesitation, arcens being black. Weare, therefore,
inclined to regard Dorylus arcens as a black species with a large peduncle, yet
to be discovered as a male. The last character is possessed by D. planiceps
Hald., which, although taken at Cape Palmas by Dr. Savage, is too small to
correspond with arcens, and its color is lighter than in nigricans.

Dr. Goheen brought specimens of rubella from Monrovia, a locality 1500
miles distant from that specified by Dr. Savage.

Explanation of the figures.
Fig. 1, 2, head of Dorylus nigricans, tha latter having the mandibles removed
to show the absence of the mouth: 3, half of the head ofasoldier: 4, mandible ofa
worker: 5, maxilla, and6, halfthe labium, froma soldier of rubella; all magnified.

1849.] 203

The Committee to which was referred the following paper by Prof.
Haldeman reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

On several new Hymenoptera of the genera Ampulez, Sigalphus, Chelonus and
Dorylus.

“ By S. S. Hatpeman.
AMPULEX Jurine.

2 Discoidal nervure having its origin near the posterior extremity olf Romand’s
subdiscoidal recurrent uervure (discoidal of Shuckard), it curves forward and
terminates in the cubital nervure beyond the lst transverso-cubital near the
middle of the 2d cubital area.

A. persyLvanicus Hald. Black, somewhat glossy, sparsely punctulate; an-
tenne fuscous ; mandibles and tibie dull rufous, tarsi paler : pronotum with the
medial line impressed; ale hyaline, external third dusky but becoming color-
less towards the apex and centre, basal third varied with pale dusky: metano-
tum exarate, with 9 longitudinal ridges, between which there are short trans-
verso sulci: abdomenpolished. 5 lines long, expanse about the same.

Inhabits woods, takenin S. E. Pennsylvania in September. On account of the
obliquity of the median recurrent nervure (Romand), the interior angles of the
Ist discoidal and 1st cubital are acute, and similar. Radial and cubital ner-
vures nearly parallel, the latter rectilinear.

SIGALPHUS Lair.
(Triaspis Haliday.)

S. rrpratis Hald. Dark fuscous: head, disk of the thorax, middle of the lst
and 2d segments of the tergum, exserted ovipositor, beneath and feet, flavous ;
eyes black; antenne flavous, base and apex pale fuscous; vertex, a mucula
behind the eyes, and the posterior tibiz and knees, fuscous. 2 lines long. S. E.
Pennsylvania. The flavous portion of the abdomen extends from the base to
the 2d impressed transverse line.

CHELONUS Jurine.

§ Eyes with hairs; 3 cubital arew, 2d triangular, with the external apex trun-
cate; abdomen coalite, without sutures.

Cu. BasinaRris Say. Bost. J. Nat. Hist. 1,266. S. E. Pennsylvania, in June.

Ca. sosrinus. Hald. Black, scabrous: abdomen with a subbasal flavous fas-
cia interrupted in the middle; surface minutely scabrous with a tendency to be-
come sulcate towards the base; antennz dark fuscous with the two basal artic-
ulations rufous: palpiand feet pale flavous; medial femora, and apex of the
tibie pale fuscous; posterior coxe, femora and tibia (except the base of both)
dark fuscous: tarsi obscure toward the apex, posterior ones entirely so. 2 lines
long. S. E. Pennsyivania, in June.

2 Eyes with hairs, 3 entire arew, 2dirregular, abdomen coalite with 1 indis-
tinct suture; metathorax with a spine upon each side.

Cu. tuyatus Hald. Black, scabrous, basal third of the abdomen pale flavous ;
tergum with numerous longitudinal sulci: mandibles and basal articulation of
the antenne rufous: feet flavous, apex of the tarsi black; exterior half of the

204 [Aua.

posterior femora and of the tibiw black: stigma black, nervures fuscous. 3 lin.
long. 8S. E. Pennsylvania, in June.

The abdomen has a single transverse impressed line near the base, beyond
which the flavous color extends in a convex lunar form.

DORYLUS Fabr.

§ Abdominal peduncle hemispherical, nearly the size of the succeeding Beg-
nient; mandibles incurved, antenne short.

D. puancirges J/ald. Glossy helvolus, fulvose pilose; wings faintly tinged ;
mandibles, base of antenna, ocelli and feet rufous ; eyes dark and prominent ;
hair long upon the head, thorax, apex and peduncle of the abdomen; mandibles
wide at base, but narrowed upon the inside from the middle to the apex, which
is well incurved, with the apex sharp and black. Long. 10, expanse 15, man-
dibles 1, antenne 2 lines.

Presented to the Acad. Nat. Sci. by Dr. T. 8. Savage, who brought it from
Cape Palmas, W. Africa. The feet are very short and the femora much com-
pressed. The antenne are slender, subulate, with 14 articulations, of which the
last is not readily distinguishable, the basal one is about one-third the entire
length.

On leave granted, a paper was presented from Prof. 8S. F, Baird, of
Carlisle, Penn., entitled, “‘ Revision of the North American tailed-
Batrachia, with descriptions of new genera and species,” which being
intended for publication in the Journal of the Academy, was referred
to a committee, viz., Drs. Bridges, Hallowell and Leidy.

1849.] 205

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM
In Avaust, 1849.

August 7th.

Very fine specimen of Ardea alba, from Chester Co., Pa. From Mr. William
Ayr, through Dr. Townsend.

Numerous specimens of Anatifa vitrea, in spirits, from Long Branch, N. J.
From Mr. John Cooke.

Scutella (Echinarachnius) trifaria, from the same locality. From Mr. Samuel
Powel.

August 21st.

Coluber venustus Hal., (C. occipito-maculatus Storer,) with five young, and
Coluber vernalis, from Luzerne Co., Pa. From Mr. Peter Walker through Dr.
Watson.

Mass of fossil Flustra from Long Branch, N. J. From Mr. Samuel Powel.

Two living specimens of Columba cyanocephala, and several insects, from
Cuba. From Mr. John G. Howard, of Cuba, through Mr. Cassin.

Mounted specimen of Anas Rafflesii King, from Opelousas, La. From Dr.
E. Pilate, of Opelousas, through Mr. Cassin.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY
In Aveust, 1849.
August 7th.

Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. New Series.
Vol. 1. Part 3. 4to. From the Publication Committee.

Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehérig ; von Dr. E. Ruppell.
Folio. From Maximilian, Prince de Wied.

Circular, prepared by direction of the Secretary of the Navy, in relation to the
Astronomical Expedition to Chili. By Lieut. M. F. Maury, U.S.N. From
Lieut. Gilliss, U. S. N.

Two lectures on the connection between the biblical and physical history of
Man. By Josiah C. Nott, M. D. From the Author.

Reports of the Smithsonian Institution, exhibiting the plans, operations, &c.,
to Jan. 1, 1849. From the Institution.

Proceedings of the American Association for the advancement of Science, at
its meeting in Sept., 1848. From Dr. Griffith.

Catalogue of the Library of South Carolina College. From Dr. R. W. Gibbes.

Address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Entomological Society of
London, 22d of Jan., 1849. By William Spence. From Major McCall.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following :—

The Genera of Birds, by G. R. Gray. — Part 48.

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By E. Doubleday. Part 28.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 26.

The Annals of Natural History. Vol. 3. 2d Series. No. 17.

Phycologia Britannica, By W. H. Harvey, M.D. Part 41.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 73.

Zeitschrift far Malakozoologie. Von R. T. Menké, M. D., und Dr. L. Pfeiffer.
Nos. 8, 9, 10, for 1848.

The Geologist, for the years 1842 and 1843. Edited by George Moxon, Esq.
8yvo.

Lehrbuch der Physiologie. Von R. Wagner. 8vo. 3 Nos,

206 (Ava.

An Ornithological Index, arranged according to the Synopsis Avium of M.
Vigors. By T. B. L. Baker, Esq. 8vo.

Ornithologischer Atlas der aussereuropiischen Vogel; von Dr. C. W. Habn.
Nos. 1—6; fortgesetzt von H. C. Kiister. Nos. 7—1l4. 8vo.

Die Kunst Vogel als Bilge zu berieten, auszustopfen, &c. VonC. L. Brehm.
12mo.

A compendium of the Ornithology of Great Britain. By John Atkinson. 8vo.

Théorie positive de l’ ovulation spontanée, et de la fecondation des Mammi-
feres et de l’espece humaine. Par F. A. Pouchet. 8vo. and Atlas 4to.

Ornitologia Toscana, del Dottore Paolo Savi. 3 vols, 8yo,

Les Oiseaux d’Europe décrites par OC. J. Temminck. 2 vols. &8vo.

Nattrliches System der Amphibien. Von Dr. J. Wagler. 8vo. and Atlas.

Agenda Geognostica. Von C.C. von Leonhard. 12mo.

A Natural History of the Mammalia. By G. R. Waterhouse. 2 vols. 8vo.

A general introduction to the Natural History of Mammiferous Animals, &c.
By W. ©. L. Martin. 2 vols. 8vo,

Descriptiones et icones Animalium Rossicorum. Auctore J. F. Brandt. Aves.
fascic. 1. 4to.

Déscription de plusieurs nouvelles espéces d’Orthoceratites et d’Ostracites.
Par M. Picot de Lapeirouse. Folio.

D. J. Chr. Schaffer’s Abhandlungen von Insecten. 3 vols. 4to.

Recherches sur les Ossemens fossiles decouverts dans Jes Cavernes de la pro-
vince de Liege: par le Dr. P.C. Schmerling. 2 vols. 4to, and Atias folio.

Recherches sur les Ossemens humatiles des Cavernes de Lunel-Viel. Par M.
de Serres. 4to.

System der Acalephen, von Dr. Fr. Eschscholtz. 4to.

An Introduction to the study of Conchology. By Samuel Brookes. 4to.

Recherches sur la rubéfaction des eaux et leur oxygenation par les animalcules
et les Algues. Par A.et C. Morren. 4to.

Entwickelungsgeschichte der Natter, (Coluber natrix.) Von Dr. H. Rathke.
4to.

Zur Morphologie reisebemerkungen aus Taurien, von H. Rathke, 4to.

Untersuchungen iiber die Bildung und Entwickelung des Flusskrebses von H.
Rathke. Folio.

Recherches sur l’histoire naturelle et l’anatomie des Limules. ParJ. Vander
Hoeven. Folio.

P. S. Pallas, M.D. Miscellanea Zoologica. 4to.

Entwickelungsgeschichte des Kaninchen-Eies. Von T. L. W. Bischoff. 4to.

Belemuites des Terraines crétacés inferieurs des environs de Castellan, (Basses
Alpes.) Par J. Duval jouve. 4to.

Entwickelungsgeschichte der Cephalopoden. Von Dr. Albert Kolliker. 4to.

Charakteristik der Schichten und Petrefacten des Sacksisch-béhmischen
Kreidegebirges. Von H.B. Geinitz. 4to.

Geognostische Beschreibung des Landes zwischen der Untern Saar, und dem
Rhine. Von J. Steininger. 2 vols. 4to and Atlas.

Beitrige zur Pflanzenkunde der Vorwelt. VonJ.G. Rhode. Folio.

J. T. Klein specimen descriptionis Petrefactorum Gedanensium. Folio.

Chloris Protogea. Beitrage zur Florader Vorwelt. Par F. Unger. No. 1—7.
Folio.

Faunula Indica. Concinnatus a J. Latham et H. Davis. Folio.

Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Von Dr. Miller et Dr. J.
Henle. 3 Nos. Folio.

August 21st.

Bulletin de l’Académie Royale des Sciences de Belgique Tomel5. Annuaire
de la meme ; Années 1846, ’47, 49. From the Society.

Flore Columbiane prodromus. By John A. Brereton, M. D., U.S.A. 12mo.
Deposited by Dr. Griffith.

Indications of the Creator. By W. Whewell, D.D. 12mo. From the same.

Dr. Wilson deposited the following :

1849.] 207

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By E. Doubleday. Part 29. 4to.
Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 27. 4to.

Mémoires présentes @ l’Academie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg.
Vol. 6. No. 3.

The Genera of Birds. By G.R. Gray. Part 49.

Esquisses Ornithologiques. Par M.du Bus. No.4. 4to.

A history of British Mollusca and their shells. By Prof. Forbes and S. Stan-
ley. Nos. 17 and 18.

Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, Von R. T. Menke, M. D., und Dr. L. Pfeiffer.
No. 11, for 1848.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. No. 18.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 3. New Series, No. 18.
Phycologia Britannica. By W. H. Harvey, M. D., No. 42.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 74.

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, with illustrations. Part 2.

Bulletin de l’Acad. Royale des Sciences de Belgique. Tome 12, pt. 1, Tome
14, pts. 1 et 2.

Das Geschlecht der Land und Wasserwanzen nach Familien geordnet mit Ab-
bildungen, von J. R. Schellenberg.

The Microscopic Journal. Edited by Daniel Cooper. Nos. 1-24. 8vo.

Literature Scientia rerum naturalium in Dania, Norvegia et Holsatia, usque
ad annum 1829. Scripsit M. Winther. 8vo.

Der Vogelfang nach seinem verschiedenen Arten praktisch nach der Erfah-
rung beschrieben von J.C. Heppe. 2 vols. 8vo.

Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Europiischen Vogel: von C. L. Brehm.
2 vols. 8vo.

Taschenbuch fur reisende Mineralogen, Geologen, Berg-u-Hutttenleute durch
die Hauptgebirge Deutschlands und der Schweiz. Von Carl Hartmann. 1 vol.
8vo. and Atlas. 7

J. L. Frisch Beschreibung von allerley Insecten in Deutsch-land, &c. 4to.

Helvetische Entomologie, oder Verzeichniss der Schweizerischen Insekten
nach einer neuen Methode geordnet. 2 vols. 8vo.

J. Basteri, M. D., opuscula subseciva. 2 vols. in one. 4to.
Micrographia illustrata. By George Adams. 4to. 2d edition.

Observationes d’histoire naturelle faites avec le Microscope. Par M. Joblet.
2 vols. in one. 4to.

Traité des Petrifactions. Par M. Bouguet. 4to.
Ornithologie de Dauphine. Par H. Bouteille. 2 vols. 8vo.

A Monograph of the Trochilide or Humming Birds. By John Gould. Part 1.
Folio.

Allgemeines polyglotten Lexicon der Naturgeschichte, von P. A. Nemnich.
8 vols. in 4. 4to.

Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Eingeweidewtirmer thieriscber Kérper :
von J. A. E. Goeze. 4to.

Caroli Clerck Aranei Suecici. 4to

Saggio Orittografico orvero osservazioni sopra la terre Nautilitiche ed Ammo-
nitiche della Toscana: dal Padre D. A. Soldani. 4to.

Essai sur les Cryptogames des Ecorces exotiques officinalis. Par A. L. A.
Fee. 4to.

Dr. Sulzer’s Abgektirzte Geschichte der Insekten. 4to.
The civil and natural History of Jamaica. By Patrick Brown, M.D. Folio.

. Histoire Naturelle gen. et partic. de tous les genres de Coquilles ; publié par
P. D. Duclos. Genre Olive. 6 livs. Folio.

Deliciz Flore et Faune Insubrice. Auctore J. A. Scopoli.
vols. Folio.

Y Naturgeschichte aus den besten Schriftstellern mit Merianischen Kupfern.
olio.

Saggio di Zoolegia fossile di Thomaso Antonio Catullo. Folio.

A selection from the most remarkable and interesting of the fishes found on
the coast of Ceylon. By J. W. Bennett, Esq. 2d edition. 4to.

Recherches anat. et morphologiques sur les Mousses. Par W.P. Schimper. 4to.

System der Pterylographie, yon Christian L. Nitzsch. 4to.

3 parts in two

ris4y.

208
Etudes progressiyes d’un Naturaliste pendant les années 1834 et 1835. Par
Geoff. St. Hilaire (Etienne,) 4to.
4to.

Zoologia Adriatica; dell’ Abate Guiseppe Olivi.
8vo,

Anales di Ciencias Naturales. (Madrid ) Vols. 1—7.
Abbildung und Beschreibung der Fische. Von J.C. Heppe. 8vo.
Abbildungen naturhistorischer Gegenstiinde. . Von J. F. Blumenbach.

Genera des Insectes. Par E. Guerin et A Pescheron. 8vo.

8yo.

1849.) 209

September 4th.
Mr. Paris in the Chair.

A letter was read from J. W. Dawson, Esq., of Pictou, Nova Scotia,
accompanying a communication on the “‘ Wheat Midge,’ as found in
that country. The letter was referred to Dr. Leidy, Prof. Haldeman
and Dr. Zantzinger.

Also a letter from the Rev. Thomas S. Savage, covering a commu-
nication entitled ‘“‘ Observations on the species of Termitide, of West
Africa, described by Smeathman as Termes bellicosus, and by Linnzeus
as 7. fatalis.” Meferred to Dr. Zantzinger, .Prof. Haldeman and Dr.
Hallowell.

September 11th.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

On leave granted, the Committee to which was referred Prof. 8. F.
Baird’s paper, entitled ‘Revision of the North American Tailed Batra-
chia,” presented a report, recommending the same for publication in
Part 4, New Series of the Journal, which was adopted.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Imperial Society of
Naturalists of Moscow, dated May, 1849, accompanying the donation
of Nos. 3 and 4, for 1848, and No. 1 for 1849, of the Bulletin of that
Society.

September 25th.

Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A yeport was presented from the Committee on Proceedings, in
reference to the sales of copies of Say’s American Conchology, effected
since 1844, and the purchase made with the proceeds, of works on.
Conchology, for the Library, in accordance with the instructions of the
donor, Mrs, Lucy W. Say.

The statement made in the present report and in a previous one in 1844,
exhibited a total of $85.50 received since 1841, for copies of Say’s
Concholgy, and a total of $78.30 expended for works on Conchology
added to the Library. The following isa list of the latter :—Donovyan’s
British Shells, 5 vols.; Herrmannsen’s Primordia (as far as published) ;
Nillson’s Hist. Molluse. Suecize ; Philippi’s Enumeratio Mollusc. Sici-
liz ; Anton’s Catalogue of Shells; Michaud’s completion of Drapar-
naud; Morelet’s Molluscs of Portugal ; Potiez and Michaud’s ‘ Galerie
des Mollusques ;’ Risso’s Molluscs of Southern Europe ; Beck’s Index
Molluscorum ; Froriep’s Mollusca; Miiller’s Index Molluscorum Gro-
enlandize, and the last volume of the Brussels reprint of Deshayes’
edition of Lamark.

The Committee to which was referred Mr. J. W. Dawson’s commu-

PROCEED, ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA.—VOL. IY. NO. XI. 29.

210 [Serr

nication on the “ Wheat Midge’”’ of Nova Scotia, reported in favor of
publication in the Proceedings.

Notices of specimens of the Wheat Midge from Nova Scotia.
By J. W. Dawson.

This destructive little creature has, within the last four or five years, extended
its ravages to Nova Scotia. It made its appearance first in the westeru counties,
and has gradually extended its limits eastward. It is now fourd in every part
of the Province, and has, in some districts, caused an almost total abandonment
of wheat culture. The specimens accompanying this notice, were reared from
the larva state; and as I believe this has not often been attempted with success,
I shall shortly state the means by which they were obtained.

When I first became acquainted with this insect, I procured specimens of the
full grown larve and placed them in a phial, with the view of observing their
assumption of the perfect state in spring. None of them, however, appeared,
and I subsequently learned that similar experiments had been tried without suc-
cess; the belief among entomologists being, that the larva descends into the
ground to complete its changes. I could not, however, ascertain that this be-
lief had been confirmed by actual experiment or observation.

To satisfy myself on this point, (obviously of importance in reference to the
means which may be devised for destroying these animals,) I obtained a fresh
supply of the larvze in that motionless and apparently torpid state in which they
are found in the ripe wheat in autumn. In the month of November, a few dozens of
these larvze were placed on the surface of moist soil in a flower pot, in which a
carnation was growing. In the course of two days they had, with the exception
of a few which were crushed or otherwise injured, descended into the ground,
leaving their delicate membranous cases on the surface. Their power of burrow-
ing having been thus ascertained, they were allowed to remain undisturbed du-
ing winter, the spot where they had disappeared being covered with a glass
shade. During winter the flower pot was watered as the growth of the carna-
tion required.

A similar experiment having been tried in another pot, the insects were sought
for in the ground after their disappearance. Very few were foand, and these had
still the larva form. They were, however, most flexible, and showed some de-
gree of activity. On being placed on the surface, they endeavored to burrow,
by means of a worm-like motion, and in doing so they seemed to have the power
of fixing the anterior part of the body pretty firmly to the soil. They were
found to have penetrated to the depth of about an inch. It thus appeared that
the stiffness and torpidity of the larve in the ripe grain, are but temporary, and
that when they fall from their place within the chaff scales, upon the moist
ground, and cast their skins, they acquire the activity and strength necessary
for penetrating into the soil, while still in the larva form.

The insects were not again seen until the last week in June, when they began
to appear in the imago state, and as early as the tenth of July the whole had
emerged. At that date there was no wheat in blossom in this vicinity, but the
development of the insects had probably been hastened by the warmth and shelter
of the house. The emergence of the midges appeared to take place in the eve-

1849.] 211

ning, but was not actually observed. After they had taken wing, their pupa
cases remained projecting from the ground, and were white and membranous.
When examined by the microscope, they showed the true chrysalis form, the
wings and other external organs being distinctly marked on them.

The remainder of the larve procured in autumn having been kept dry in a
paper box, have lost their orange color, and appear to be quite dead, moisture
being apparently absolutely necessary to their entering on the pupa stage.

The insects obtained in the above described manner, were of both sexes. The
females agree in their characters with the figures and descriptions of the European
Cecidomyia Tritici.* The males, which I have not seen figured or described,
are distinguished by their smaller size, differently formed abdomen, and longer
and more hairy antenne.

Iam not aware whether the mode of hybernation of the wheat midge or
““weevil,”’ is generally known to farmers in the United States. If not, itis well
worthy of attention, since, by cutting the wheat early, and carefully collecting
the lary contained in the chaff, and dust separated from the grain, a large pro-
portion of the ensuing year’s brood may be destroyed. On the other hand, if the
larvee be allowed to be scattered over the fields or barn-yard, a plentiful supply
of ‘‘ weevils” for the next crop is secured. This method was proposed several
years since by Prof. Henslow, but I have not been able to ascertain whether it
has been used extensively in America.

The Committee on the following paper, by Dr. Savage, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Observations on the species of Termitide of West Africa, described by Smeathman
as Termes bellicosus, and by Linneus as T. fatalis.

By T. S. Savaae.

Having read a condensed account and many extracts from the communication
of Dr. Smeathman to the Philosophical Society of London, on the insect in ques-
tion, it seemed to me that no room was left for the discovery of additional facts.
But, residing in the locality of the Termes, I felt a desire to know personally
their economy ; first, from motives of interest in the general subject of Natural
History ; and secondly, in order to discover some way of preventing their sup-
posed attacks on our buildings.

As I proceeded, I noticed some mistakes made by Dr. S., or his many copiers ,
which induced me to record my own observations. Of these the following is a
summary.

I would here remark, that I have never seen the original nor entire publication
of Dr. Smeathman’s paper; but, what I have seen, is sufficient to show that he
was an acute observer, a man of indomitable perseverance, and accurate to a re-
markable degree. The best account that I have read of his paper, is that of
Edward Newman, Esq., F. R.S., in his “ Familiar Introduction to the History
of Insects.’ It is free from the marks of a prurient imagination, and indicates

as

* Curtis, Journ. of Agric. Society, England.

212 (Serr.

more of a desire to relate the simple truth in the history of the insect, than any
that Ihaveseen. The figures, however, which stand at the head of his account,
are decidedly bad.

The first thing that strikes a visitor who is familiar with Adamson’s and
Smeathman’s observations, when he arrives on the coast of Africa, is the great
sparseness of the Termites’ hills. Instead of “acres so thickly covered, as to
appear like the huts of native settlements,” his eye may wander over acres with-
out seeing one; one cause of this sparseness may have arisen to some extent,
from the introduction of civilization. The visitor usually lands first at the Eu-
ropean or American settlement, where the hills in their immediate vicinity are
mostly destroyed. This has been done, first, from the notion that the insect
“ate down their dwellings ;” and, secondly, from the superiority of the clay of
which they are constructed, which is used for building purposes. Atno point,
however, between Cape Verd and the Gaboon river, will the stranger remark
them for their numbers.

They more frequently occur on plane and flat lands ; making their appearance
especially soon after the lands have been cleared for planting, at which time trees
are left girdled and prostrate to decay.

The features which first strike the beholder are their great size and form.
These have been well represented by Smeathman, though two hills cannot be
found exactly alike. Their contour is generally that of a hay-stack—the surface
never regular, always marked with protuberances and upward projections, often
not unlike “ turrets,” as termed by Smeathman.

Sometimes the hill presents the aspect of a mound having been worn down by
the heavy rains, or, if in the vicinity of a village, by children playing upon it-
In such cases they may be forsaken.

When they present distinct upward projections, or turrets, they are known to
be in the process of enlargement. This is always the mode in which these in-
sects increase their domicils. Turrets are projected one after another, and the
intervening space filled out, so as to make a continuous surface. Within each of
these turrets is a cavity which leads down as a passage, into the interior of the
hill, or terminates in some other passage, keeping up a free communication
throughout the structure. When hills present in their general outline the form
of a hay stack, they have arrived at their maximum size. Their height insuch
cases is from 12 to 15 feet perpendicular measurement, the circumference at
base from 50 to 60 feet; at two-thirds the height, or around the base of the
“ dome,” from 30 to 40 feet.

The materials have for their base clay generally strongly tinged with oxide of
iron in the recent state ; after exposure to the sun and atmosphere, it takes ona
light color, approaching a dull yellow, in some cases white. There is an ad-
mixture, more or less, of other subtances incidentally occurring, as gravel,
leayes, straw, &c.

Sometimes the clay presents a dark, slaty aspect, which is incorrectly stated
in books to be an indication of a different species of insects. This fact is owing
to different colored clays, existing in different localities.

The strength of these structures is incalculably great; as an evidence of this,
Smeathman states that they are often mounted by wild bulls,and four men were
known to stand on one to spy a vessel at sea. But more than this, they would

1849.] 213

sustain more wild bulls and men than could possibly mount them. The particles
of clay are cemented together by a fluid excreted from the mouth of the insect
(not as Smeathman says, by gums elaborated from the different kinds of wood
on which they feed). This, by exposure to the sun and atmosphere, becomes
exceedingly hard and tenacious on the surface, added to which, the action of the
well known principle in mechanical philosophy involved in the arched form of
the structure, gives to it a vast degreeof strength. This feature in the economy
of the Termes fatalis—the strength of the domiciles—is a wise provision in na-
ture. It guards the hills against the heavy, wasting rains of the country, and
enables them to resist the shock of decayed falling trees, which so often occur
on recently cleared grounds. When it is known that it is the practice of the
natives of Africa not to plant the same piece of ground two years in succession,
but let it lie fallow four or five years, and clear up a new spot every year, and
as many trees are girdled and left to decay and fall, the wisdom of this feature
will be understood.

On clearing away the shrubbery and grass around the base of a hill, several
covered ways or clay tubes will be seen leading to neighboring stumps and
decayed logs. These tubes, sometimes 12 inches in diameter at base, gradually
diminish, ramifying, as they proceed outward. If their connection with the hill
be broken, as many holes will be seen, constituting mouths of passages which
run ina sloping direction to a depth of 12 or 18 inches under the domicil. These
passages expand into basement rooms, bounded by clay pillars, supporting a
series of arch-work on which rest the ‘cellular work,” “royal apartments,”
and super-incumbent interior portions of the structure.

The exterior of the hill consists of a clay wall varying in thickness on the
different sides from 6 inches to 1} feet. Throughout this wall there are cavities,
cells and passages, anastamosing and running from the base to the apex, form-
ing acommunication with the dome.” Within, at the base, elevated to a
height of one to two feet above the surface of the ground, and central in respect to
the circumference of the hill, is the apartment of the king and queen, styled by
Smeathman ‘‘the royal chamber,” surrounded by many other apartments or
chambers, containing eggs and young of various sizes and stages of growth, all
supported by the arch-work mentioned.

It will be observed, that Mr. Smeathman states that the “royal apartments”
are on a level with the surface of the ground; but, in every case, I have found
them elevated from one to two feet, depending on the height of the structure.
Indeed, at certain seasons, this elevation becomes a matter of necessity in many
localities. Were it otherwise, the royal pair would be in danger of inundation
during the long and violent rains of that country.

Immediately above the royal apartments, extending acrossand up the sides of
the hill, to about two-thirds their height, are the “nurseries ” of Smeathman,
a yellow, dry, comb-like, granulated substance, enclosed in moist red clay, so
moist that it can be made by the handsintoballs. In this substance are nume-
rous narrow serpentine cavities, or cells, containing eggs and young in different
stages. Scattered on the surface are perceived, in a recent state, many minute
white globular fungi. Immediately above, and interior to the nurseries, lie the.
“magazines” of Smeathman, rising to the height of about a foot. These are a
cellular arrangement of soft clay, filled with a dark-brown granulated substance,

214 (Serr.

supposed by Mr. 8. to be the “ food.’’ It is very moist, and appears to be vege-
table substance, comminuted and reduced to this state by the insect.

Between the royal apartments and nurseries, is the first floor of Smeathman:
immediately above the magazines, is the second, then comes the “ dome,” a large
cavity in the upper part of the structure. With the dome there is a communica-
tion by numerous passages with the different parts of the hill, and thus a free
circulation of warm air kept up, giving a uniform temperature to the domicil.
The principles of philosophy known in the tendency of air to an equilibrinm, its
ascent when rarified, condensation and descent in coming in contact with a
colder medium, thus securing a uniformity of temperature, are all involved in
this peculiarity of structure.

The statement of Dr. Smeathman respecting the primary size and subsequent
mode of increase of the royal apartments, is a matter of deduction, though un-
doubtedly correct. In small hills the queen is found of corresponding size. As
the hills increase, the size of the queen and her apartments are known to in-
crease. The adjacent portions must be taken down to meet this enlargement.
This is true also of other portions of the structure. As the outer projections, or
turrets, are sent up from within, and the intervening spaces filled out, a portion
of what was previously the exterior, must be removed to admit of the expansion
of the interior arrangements, the nurseries, magazines, &. This change and
removal must be more er less true also, of almost all parts of the domicil.

The community was divided by Smeathman into three orders ; 1st, the workers,
2d, soldiers; 3d, the perfect insects, male and female, or king and queen; a fourth
order, or state was subsequently noticed by Latreille among other species in
the south of France, at Bordeaux,(Termes lucifigus.) It was afterwards observed
in the East Indies, and incidentally noticed by an anonymous writer in manu-
script on a Ceylonese species (Kirby and Spence’s Introduct., 2d vol. 33 p.)
This was the nympha or pupa state of the workers in which rudimental wings
were observed. The same state was inferred and averred of T. fatalis, by Messrs.
Kirby and Spence, and adopted by compilers. I have never known this inference
to be confirmed by any observer, writing on the African species; but, I am
happy in being able to assert the fact from personal observation, and, further-
more, to declare the same of the soldiers, I have seen both with rudimental
wings distinct. Messrs, Kirby and Spence suppose the pup to be equally ac-
tive with their respective larvee, which is not the case; they are exceedingly
delicate and sluggish.

Of these several orders, the laborers are by far the most numerous. They
seem to be susceptible of two divislons—darger and smaller laborers. The latter
exceed the former in numbers, and are found chiefly in the domicil. The work
about the hill, such as constructing, repairing, bearing away the eggs from the
maternal department, &c,, seems to be done by them. Of the larger size, some
few are found in the hill, but they exist in greater numbers in the covered ways,
about and in the objects of plunder. The mandibles of this division are very
hard and strong, and admirably adapted to the performance of what I suppose to
be their part in the community, which is the comminuting of the different kinds
of wood on which they prey, and the reducing of the clay from which their hills
are made, toa portable,condition, A like division of labor I have noticed among
the Driver ants of Africa, (Anomma arcens,and A. rubella); Messrs. Kirby and
Spence are incorrect when they say (Introduct., 2d vol., p. 40-41,) that “ they

1849.] 215

carry in their mouths a mass of mortar half as big as their bodies, ready tempered,
made of the finer parts of gravel, which, worked up to a proper consistence,
hardens to a substance resembling stone, of which their nests are constructed.”
The amount each insect carries at a time, is so small as to be hardly perceptible
to the naked eye. When the work is done, it presents a minutely granulated
appearance, like that of the “ nurseries.” Nor isit already ‘ tempered,” ready
to be laid. The insect, when it arrives at the place of deposit, stops for an
instant, and retaining his hold on the piece of clay, undergoes aslight tremulous
movement, more perhaps like the spasmodic action of vomiting, when a fluid
being seen to be excreted from the mouth over it, the clay is deposited. This cor-
rects the supposition of Smeathman, that the cementing medium was gum obtain-
ed from the trees on which they preyed. The outer surface of the work, when
recent, presents a red, moist, granulated appearance, but when acted on by the
sun and atmosphere, it approaches a dull white, or yellow, and is highly indura-
ted, more so than simple clay dried in the sun can be. It however, falls far
short of the hardness of stone; as the hill is penetrated, the clay becomes softer
until the interior is found to be so plastic that it can be made into balls under
the pressure of the hand. The young of this order are seen of all sizes: the
nymphe of Latreille differing from the others apparently in no respect but that
of their rudimentary wings.

Soldiers.—Of this order, there seems to be ground for two divisions also,
larger and smaller.

When a breach is made in the hill, the smaller soldiers are seen with the labor-
ers in small numbers, and retreat with them to the interior. Then appear the
larger soldiers, whose duty especially it isto defendthe community. Their con-
duct, ferocious aspect, &c., have been wel! described by Smeathman, and need
not be here repeated. It has been said, however, whether by Mr. 8. or not, I
cannot state, that in the act of biting, ‘‘ they never quit their hold even though
they are pulled limb from limb,” (Kirby and Spence, Introduct., vol. 2, p. 40.)

This assertion has been correctly made of the Driver ants of Africa, (Anomma
arcens and A. rubella,) but cannot be of the Termes fatalis. It is the habit of
this insect to let go immediately after biting, and strike as fiercely at another
place, doing this several times in quick succession. The manner in which its
jaws operate, will not admit of a continued hold. Like scissors, (unlike the
mandibles of the Anomma,) they cross each other, separating the fibres by a
clear cut through.

In about fifteen minutes after the attack of the enemy, the work of reparation
begins by the laborers, who, accompanied by a few of the smaller soldiers, and
oceasionally a larger, appear in great numbers. In view of the duty performed
by these two orders, it is a surprising fact that both males and females are
without eyes.

These at particular seasons, leave the hills in vast numbers. ‘The rains,”
as they are familiarly termed in Africa, begin in May, sooner or later, and continue
with some intermissions until October. During the month of July, and sometimes
extending into August, an intermission takes place under the name of ‘‘ middle
dries,” dividing them into “early and latter rains.” At the beginning of these
seasons—" early and latter rains,”—the Termes swarm (if it may be so called.)
inincalculablenumbers. At their exit, so rapid is their ascent, that they present
the appearance of smoke rising from all parts of the hill. The holes through

216 [Serr.

which they escape, are temporary, created for this purpose, and closed when the
swarming ceases. During this process, the atmosphere for many rods distant
seems to be filled with them. Birds are then seen whirling and darting through
the air in quick pursuit—all orders of insect-eating animals, are now on the alert.
Barn yard fowls are seen to jump up several feet from the ground to catch them
as they descend. Indeed, men as well as brutes, make them their prey. All
tribes of Africans, however, do not eat them. The Grebos, who inhabit Cape
Palmas, and among whom these observations were made, reject them as food.
Why, it is difficult to tell, unless it be from the trouble attending their capture’
It is not from any fastidiousness of taste, for they are known to eat snakes,
toads, grubs, beetles, and even putrid meat, with zest. Tribes about fifty
miles to the windward of Cape Palmas, use them as food. To catch them, bowls
of water are set on the ground, into which they fall as their wings drop off.
They are then roasted as shrimps, and the larger beetle (goliathi) are said to be
equally sweet.

The individuals of the two sexes appear to be about the same size when they
issue from the hill, not exceeding half an inch. The largest queen I have ever
seen at the head of a community measured 4% inches in length.

Messrs. Kirby and Spence state that the queen lives but two years, which is
incorrect. I have observed the yearly increase of hills for five years or more,
and, when dissected, they have yielded a queen of corresponding size. To say
that a successor to the original one might have been elected, would be gratui-
tous. Nothing is known of their habits to warrant such an assertion, while
everything we do know goes to prove that they live for many years.

It is stated also, that but one queen is ever found in a hill. This, too, is in-
correct. But one is generally found. I have known two tooccur. They were
contained in the same structure, called by Smeathman “ the royal chamber,” but
separated by a septum of clay. The hill was of the usual size. It was “ dug
down” by a colonist at Cape Palmas, who, knowing that I was investigating the
habits of the insect, kindly brought them to my residence. I regretted exceed-
ingly my inability to decide the question which arose to my mind at first sight,
‘Is it a case of bigamy?” The person who discovered them took no notice, and
was unable to say that he saw even one king. It occurred to me that it might
be ananomaly. I therefore made inquiries at Mont Serrado, and the different
European settlements that I visited, and ascertained that the same thing had
occurred at those points, though it was considered quite unusual.

I am able here to confirm the truth of Mr. Smeathman’s statement, that the
king and queen are permanently enclosed in their apartment, which has been
doubted by the eminent writer of the article Termitide, in the British Cyclope-
dia of Natural History, (understood to be J. O. Westwood, Esq.)

The sentence in which the doubt occurs, runs as follows: ‘“‘ The young queen
of the hive swarms, is followed by a portion of the community ; and the female
after swarming, and the loss of her wings, is guarded by the worker ants; there
is, therefore, so much analogy in these circumstances, that we are almost tempted
to consider that Smeathman must have erred in stating that the working Termites
imprison both the king and queen Termes. That itshould be necessary for the
latter to be carefully guarded, will be very evident; but why the king in his
helpless and wingless state, (for we consider that the loss of wings is consequent

1849.] 217

upon and not precedent to pairing, should be shut up, seems questionable. We
make these observations with hesitation, because Latrielle and Kirby and
Spence seem to adopt, without hesitation, this statement of Smeathman.”

I feel it my duty to notice particularly this doubt, coming as it does from a
source of such high respectability as the present Corresponding Secretary of the
London Ent. Soc., J. O. Westwood, Esq.

It should be remembered that in penning this doubt, Mr. W. was sitting within
doors at Hammersmith, Eng., many thousand miles distant from the scene of Mr.
Smeathman's patient and prolonged observation. Mr. S. states what he knew to
bea fact, and, respecting which, I can see no way in which he could .be mis-
taken. Mr. W. misapprehends a remark of Mr. Smeathman on their “swarm-
ing,” if it can be so called. I do not understand Mr. S. to state that the queen
is accompanied by any other individuals than those of the two sexes—other per-
fect males and females. He says that as workers are always to be found on the
surface of the ground, the king and queen are captured by them, and thus made
to become the heads of new communities. On what foundation this statement
rests, I know not; but must confess that in this part of their economy I think
there exists a lucuna yet to be filled. As to the statement, however, involving
the perpetual imprisonment of the king and queen, I have no doubt. The facts
respecting the structure of the “royal chamber” sufficiently prove it. Any one
who has seen a fully developed queen, will say that she is incapable of progres-
sion, and the fact that no aperture has been discovered in the “‘ chamber” among
the many hills dissected at different seasons, sufficient to admit of the ingress
and egress of the king, and hardly of the larger class of soldiers, must suffice.

It has been stated also by compilers of Smeathman, that the insect shrinks
from light, which is a reason for their constructing covered ways. But, if it be
remembered that the two orders—soldiers and workers—are perfectly blind, the
assertion must appear to be gratuitous. The true cause of their erection of
covered ways would seem to lie in the fact that the insect is a prey to a vast
number of other insects, reptiles, &.

Smeathman and others state that Termes bellicosus is the insect which de-
vours dwelling houses, furniture, &c. This also I consider an error. I doubted
its accuracy at the inception of my observations, and made inquiries subsequently
of intelligent observers at Sierra Leone and Montserrado, all of whom confirmed
me in my donbts. The white ants found in our houses, preying on our furniture,
books, &c., are smaller, and larger in proportion to their breadth than 7”. delli-
cosus. The soldiers which accompany the laborers and found with them in their
covered ways along the sills, floors and roofs of our houses, differ palpably in
these respects from those of 7. bellicosus. I made known my doubts on this
point to my correspondent, Mr. Westwood, of London, proving the truth of my
statement by specimens taken from my own dwellings, but, unfortunately, the
bottles containing them were broken, andI failed of my object. I consider these
house eaters as the 7. arborum of Smeathman. One of their nests, indeed, I
found in the roof of my office, and by them great damage was done to the build-
ing, besides many books were destroyed, having been eaten through and through.
Another nest also was found in a small outbuilding; the insects of these two
nests corresponded to those found in my dwellings, &c., while marked differences
existed between the latter and 7’. bellicosus. I regret exceedingly that the steps
to prove this opinion have failed in the manner above stated. I hesitate not,
however, to assert it, confirmed as it is by other observers.

218 (Serr.

TTills dissected.

First hill opened 22d March, 1842. General outlines very much like those
of a hay stack: situated in a valley.

Measurement.
Circumference at base, ; ‘ é ‘ , ; 34 ft.
os at % height from the base, . . . 25 ft.
Height from apex to base on the surface, 4 F : 13 ft.
i a ‘« perpendicular, A F ‘ 9 ft.

The work was begun with three men at 20 minutes past 4, P. M., and re-
quired 2} hours to accomplish it.

The material was red clay obtained about two feet below the surface soil, the
latter being a mixture of sand and decayed vegetable matter brought down from
the surrounding hills. The surface was highly indurated, receiving a slight
impression from a single blow of the mattock.

The order first seen was the workers, who instantly retreated on exposure
to the external air. They were succeeded by one and then another, and then
many of the larger class of soldiers, who, rushing out in great rage with jaws
extended, threatened vengeance on the intruders.

The experiment of permitting them to bite was tried several times, when it
was perceived that a drop of brownish fluid was exuded upon the part. The
sensation was like that of a minute sharp cutting instrument, the jaws moving
in cross direction like scissors.

On breaking several of the upward projections or “turrets,” they were per-
ceived to be hollow, leading into the ‘‘ dome,” and the main passages in the
walls down to the basement. These several passages were smooth, as if by
being well worn by constant tread, and it undoubtedly is through them that
their food is brought from below to the ‘‘ magazines.’ The first fragment of
the hill exposed numerous apparent perforations, from the size of a shot to
that of a dollar, which were increased by every stroke ; these were the different
passages, running in every direction aud anastomosing with each other, keep-
ing up a communication throughout the domicil.

The walls seemed to be about twelve inches thick, and contained numerous
cavities or cells of various sizes and shapes, with young in different stages of
growth, extremely white and delicate. They communicated with each other and
with the main passages. The number of young contained in them varied from
twelve to twenty. When several were found in one cell, they were regularly
and closely packed, with their heads converging towards the bottom. The first
idea which this arrangement presented to my mind, was that of pigs in an
autumnal night, stowed in the angle ofa ‘ Virginia fence.”

Having beaten away the wall of the hill, a layer of light brown spongy sub-
stance was seen, its structure irregularly cellular, and enclosed in red moist
clay of corresponding form; the “nurseries”? of Smeathman. The cells con-
tained young of different sizes ; on the surface were visible numerous scattered
minute white globular bodies, probably fungi. Messrs. Kirby and Spence sup-
pose them to belong to the genus Mucor. But the mucoridei are generated from
decayed animal and stercoraceous matter. Without a microscopic examination,
they seem to me to be assigned more naturally to the Trichocisti, perhaps 7’7i-
chia, the pin head fungi, which are known to spring from decayed vegetable
substance. It is highly probable that the material of which these nurseries are
made, is at base vegetable matter. Their extent, as thus observed, is from the

1849.] 219

base to two-thirds the height of the sides of the hill. Centrally to these, and
lying immediately under the floor of the “‘ dome,” was a series of cellular work,
entirely of clay, filled with a chestnut-brown substance, very moist, having the
appearance of rasped or gnawed wood, and other vegetable matter. These are
Smeathman’s “ magazines,” and “ food,” which, with the nurseries, constitute
almost two-thirds of the contents of the structure.

Throughout the nurseries were found young in different stages of growth ; those
in the external cells were smaller and mostly without rudimental wings ; those
in the interior cells were larger, with distinctly developed mandibles, and rudi-
mentary wings generally, the pupe of soldiers. The young in the interior of
this cellular work, with a few exceptions, were assuming the yellow color which
marks the head and thorax of the workers and soldiers in their perfect or active
state ; the exceptions were of a pure white.

As the larger passages were opened, a strong current of warm air from within
was perceptible. I attempted to look down the ‘‘ dome,” but was compelled to
withdraw immediately, my respiration being affected, and the glasses of my spec-
tacles coated with a film of moisture; a strong, peculiar, but not unpleasant,
odor was perceived. It was observed, that the deeper we penetrated, the more
numerous became the young, and the more advanced were they in growth.

The structure called the ‘‘ royal chamber” by Smeathman was discovered in
position central in respect to the circumference of the hill, and about eighteen
inches above the surface of the ground. Around and beneath it, was a connected
series of clayey cellular work, in which were found the young, as before stated.
The chamber was of an oblong shape, rounded at the ends and sides ; flattened
and thick above and below. It was supported on one side by two pillars, about
= of an inch in diameter ; on the other, it was attached to the surrounding clay
work. I accidentally broke open the enclosure, being misled by the statement
of Smeathman, that it was situated on a level with the surface of the ground.
The queen was discovered, surrounded by a large number of the larger laborers,
a few soldiers, and some of the more advanced pupz, all of whom were running
rapidly round her, manifesting the greatest perturbation. The queen made
great efforts at progression, constantly turning her head and thorax from side to
side, but without moving in the least her huge abdomen. Her whole length
was 4} inches. The king, evidently in great alarm, made repeated efforts to
conceal himself under the abdominal folds of his consort.

On examining further the ‘“‘ royal chamber,” a wide cavity was observed run-
ning horizontally along the upper part, or roof, externally, but without any signs
of communication with the interior. On the under surface of the roof, or ceiling
is along depression, corresponding in shape to the body of the queen, which
gives her that freedom of motion necessary to the extension of her eggs. This
motion is compound, first in a longitudinal, then transverse direction, alternate-
ly elongating, contracting and widening her body, being marked with short,
thick, transverse bands, the skin is thrown into folds, while these bands operate
as so many fixed points, or centres of muscular action, forcing the eggs through
their ducts to the place of exit.

For some time after exposure, the queen continued the expulsion of her eggs,
but, not as I am inclined to think, to the usual extent. They were white and
very minute, and left untouched by the workers, who evidently continfed in a
state of the greatest alarm.

The floor of the chamber was perfectly plane and smooth, exhibiting not the
slightest impression from the body of the queen. The roof in the centre was

220 [Serr.

} of an inch thick ; the floor about § ; at the line of conjunction about }. Poste-
riorly in the line of junction, between the roof and floor was a small aperture,
sheltered from above by a spur of clay running downwards, which was the only
way discovered of ingress and egress. It could not have admitted an insect
larger than the soldiers, and even to them, as it then appeared, it must have
been a “strait gate.’ The king could not have passed, and consequently not
the queen. It had the appearance of having been repeatedly closed and opened
by collections of clay around it.

That the queen is enclosed for life, is evident from the fact that she is, from
her great size, incapable of progression of herself, or of being transported by
any means within the power of the community.

On clearing away the refuse at the base of the hill, the orifices of the main
passages under the basement were discovered; descending in a sloping direc-
tion, they led to large vacant rooms, made by the pillars supporting the arch-
work; on which rests the interior of the structure. These pillars, or columns,
were of an irregular, rounded shape, from } to 2} inches in diameter, and stood
on the solid ground about six inches high.

On visiting this hill the next morning, all the passages in that portion of the
wall not dissected, were found well closed with fresh deposits of clay, and also
@ continuous layer spread over the remaining central cellular work. This was
done during the night by the surviving members of the community for their pro-
teetion against the cool air of the night, the rain, and hostile insects.

The opening of a hill is the signal for the gathering of all their foes,—ants,
reptiles, &c.; hence the speedy closing of their various entrances, is a step of
primary importance.

Another hill, previously dissected, was, after a time, so far repaired, as to be
externally perfect. On taking it down again, though the cellular work was appa-
rently restored,no queen was found, nor royal appartments;a few workers were all
the insects discovered, and they were collected in the cells in the walls of the hill.

Hill 2d.—Opened Feb. 34, 1847.

Circumference at base 26 ft. 10 in.
Height on the outer surface 8 ft. 6 in.

A diagonal section was made by a cross cut saw, beginning just below the
upper floor of Smeathman.

The walls were much the thickest on the north side, nearly double those on
the south, measuring 1} feet through.

It being ina locality where sand and gravel abounded, these materials were
freely mixed with the clay.

The covered ways leading from the base to objects of plunder at a distance,
were in this case larger and more numerous than any I have seen before. The
main one measured 12 inches in diameter, and gave off several branches, which
proceeded in various directions. These were traced to sticks, stumps and logs,
which afforded them prey.

In this case, the laborers in the hill were generally of the smaller class, while
those in the covered ways and in the stumps were larger, having strong stout
jaws, well adapted to the gnawing of wood. The ‘‘royal chamber” was found
raised about 1} feet above the level of the grouud.

Hill 3d.—Circumference at base, 50 feet. Height, 14 feet.

The notes do not state whether this is the perpendicular height ornot. Several
fresh turrets were erected on the top,having a moist,deep red,granular appearance.

1849.) 221

The structure called the “‘ royal chamber,” measured externally 10 inches in
length, internally 8 inches. Its height from the level of the ground was 2 feet
8 inches. The length of the queen 4 inches.

Shrubs or small trees are frequently seen growing up through the hills.
Such trees are never seen dead, consequently are not eaten by the insect.

On leave granted, Dr. John Neill presented an abstract of a paper writ-
ten for the American Journal of Medical Sciences, entitled ‘ Observations
on the Occipital and Superior Maxillary Bones of the African Cranium.”
A peculiarity in the condyloid process of the occiput was pointed out,
which is not generally noticed in works on Anatomy. It consists in
a division of the process into two parts by a ridge or groove; showing
a tendency in the basi-occipital bone of the fetal, or young head, to
be permanently retained. This peculiarity occurs oftener in the Afri-
can than in any other head. In this respect there is an analogy to the
lower orders of the vertebrata. The superior maxillary bone of the
African head is also defective in a ridge which is continuous with the
nasal process, and reaches to the anterior nasal spinal in the Caucasian
head. In the African, the lower edge of the anterior nares is flat, and
in this respect resembles the foetal head, and the heads of inferior animals.

On leave granted, Dr. Morton made the following observations on
the capacity of the skull in the different races of man.

Observations on the size of the Brain in various Races and Families of Man.
By Samurt Grorce Morton, M. D.

I have great pleasure in submitting to the Academy the results of the internal
measurements of six hundred and twenty-three human crania, made witha view
to ascertain the relative size of the brain in various races and families of Man.

These measurements have been made by the process invented by my friend
Mr. J. S. Phillips, and described in my Crania Americana, p. 253, merely sub-
stituting leaden shot, one-eighth of an inch in diameter, in place of the white
mustard-seed originally used. I thus obtained the absolute capacity of the cranium,
or bulk of the brain, in cubic inches; and the results are annexed in all those in-
stances in which I have had leisure to put this revised mode of measurement in
practice. Ihave restricted it, at least for the purpose of my inferential conclu-
sions, to the crania of persons of sixteen years of age and upwards, at which

period the brain is believed to possess the adult size. Under this age, the
capacity-measurement has only been resorted to for the purpose of collateral
comparison ; nor can I avoid expressing my satisfaction at the singular accuracy
of this method, since a skull of an hundred cubic inches, if measured any num-
ber of times with reasonable care, will not vary a single cubic inch.

All these measurements have been made with my own hands. I at one time
employed a person to assist me; but having detected some errors in his measure-
ments, I have been at the pains to revise all that part of the series that had not
been previously measured by myself. I can now, therefore, vouch for the accu-
racy of these multitudinous data, which Icannot but regard as a novel and im-
portant contribution to Ethnological science.

I am now engaged in a memoir which will embrace in detail the conglusions
that result from these data; meanwhile I submit the following tabular view of
the prominent facts.

222 (Serr.
TABLE,

Showing the Size of the Brain in cubic inches, as obtained from the internal
measurement of 623 Crania of various Races and Families of Man.

Skulls.| I. 0, I. C.

R AC E N A N D r A M I L I E N e No. of | Largest lsmatiest| Mean, | Mean,

MODERN CAUCASIAN GROUP.

Tevronic FAMILY.

Germans, 18 | 114 70

English, 5 | 105 91

Anglo- Americans, 7 | 97 82
Penasaic Faminy.

Persians,
Armenians,
Circassians.
Certic FAamIy.
Native Trish.
Inpostanic Famity.
Bengalees, §c.
Semitic Famity.
Arabs.
Nimotic Fammy.
Fellahs.

~_—wweroeereeeerr eo”
a
~©
aI
~I
oa
foe]
~T

ANCIENT CAUCASIAN GROUP.

Penaseic FamiLy.
Greco-Egyptians. i 18 | 97 74 88

From the
Catacombs.

MONGOLIAN GROUP.
CHINESE FAMILY. 6 91 70 82

MALAY GROUP.

Maayan Famity. 20 | 97 68 86
PoOLYNESIAN FAMILY. oO OF 82 83

AMERICAN GROUP.

ToLTECAN FAMILY.
Peruvians, 155 | 101 58 75
Mexicans. 22 | 92 67 79
BARBAROUS TRIBES.

Iroquois,

Lenapé, 161 | 104 70 84
Cherokee,

Shoshoné, &e.

NEGRO GROUP.

Native AFrrIcAN Famity. 62 | 99 65 83
AMERICAN-Born NEGROES. 12| 89 73 82
Horrentor FAMILY. 3 83 68 75
ALFORIAN FAMILY. \ g| 83 63 75

Australians.

Ninotic Famity.
Dts \ 55 96 | 68 | 80

1849.] 223

The measurements of children, idiots and mixed races are omitted from this
table, excepting only in the instance of the Fellahs of Egypt, who, however, are
a blended stock of two Caucasian nations,—the true Egyptian and the intrusive
Arab, in which the characteristics of the former greatly predominate.

No mean has been taken of the Caucasian race* collectively, because of the
very great preponderance of Hindu, Egyptian and Fellah skulls over those of the
Germanic, Pelasgic and Celtic families. Nor could any just collective comparison
be instituted between the Caucasian and Negro group in such atable, unless the
small-brained people of the latter division (Hottentots, Bushmen and. Austra-
lians) were proportionate in number to the Hindoos, Egyptians and Fellahs of
the other group. Such a computation, were it practicable, would probably re-
duce the Caucasian average to about 87 cubic inches, and the Negro to 78 at
most, perhaps even to 85, and thus confirmatively establish the difference of
at least nine cubic inches between the mean of the two races.*

Large as this collection already is, a glance at the Table will show that it is
very deficient in some divisions of the human family. For example, it contains
no crania of the Eskimaux, Fuegians, Californians or Brazilians. The skulls
of the great divisions of the Caucasian and Mongolian races are also too few
for satisfactory comparison, and the Sclavonic and Tchudic (Finnish) nations,
together with the Mongol tribes of Northern Asia and China, are among the
especial desiderata of this collection.

Among the facts elicited by this investigation are the following :

1. The Teutonic or German race, embracing, as it does, the Anglo-Saxons,
Anglo-Americans, Anglo-Irish, &c., possess the largest brain of any other people.

2. The nations having the smallest heads, are the ancient Peruvians and
Australians.

3. The Barbarous tribes of America possess a much larger brain than the
demi-civilized Peruvians or Mexicans.

*It is necessary to explain what is here meant by the word race. Further re-
searches into Ethnographic affinities will probably demonstrate that what are
now termed the five races of men, would be more appropriately called groups ;
that each of these groups is again divisible into a greater or smaller number of
primary races, each of which has expanded from an aboriginal nucleus or centre.
Thus I conceive that there were several centres for the American group of races,
of which the highest in the scale are the Toltecan nations, the lowest the Fuegi-
ans. Nor does this view conflict with the general principle, that all these
nations and tribes have had, as I have elsewhere expressed it, a common
origin; inasmuch as by this term is only meant an indigenous relation to the
country they inhabit, and that collective identity of physical traits, mental and
moral endowments, language, &c., which characterize all the American races.
The same remarks are applicable to all the other human races; but in the
present infant state of Ethnographic science, the designation of these primitive
centres isa task of equal delicacy and difficulty. I may here observe, that
whenever | have ventured an opinion on this question, it has been in favor of
the doctrine of primeval diversities among men,—an original adaptation of the
several races to those varied circumstances of climate and locality, which, while
congenial to the one are destructive to the other; and subsequent investigations
have confirmed me in these views. See Crania Americana, p. 3; Crania
gy ptiaca, p. 37; Distinctive Characteristics of the Aboriginal Race of America,
p- 36 ; Sidliman’s American Journal of Science and the Arts, 1847; and my Let-

ter to J. R. Bartlett, Esq., in Vol. 2 of the Transactions of the Ethnological
Society of New York. -

224 [Ocr.

4. The ancient Egyptians, whose civilization ante-dates that of all other
people, and whose country has been justly called ‘‘the cradle of the arts and
sciences,’’ have the least-sized brain of any Caucasian nation, excepting the
Hindoos ; for the small number of Semitic heads will hardly permit them to
be admitted into the comparison.

5. The Negro brain is nine cubic inches less than the Teutonic, and three
cubic inches larger than the ancient Egyptian.

6. The largest brain in the series is that of a Dutch gentleman, and gives
114 cubic inches; the smallest head is an old Peruvian, of 58 cubic inches ; and
the difference between these two extremes is no less than 56 cubic inches.

7. The brain of the Australian and Hottentot fall far below the Negro, and
measures precisely the same as the ancient Peruvian.

8. This extended series of measurements fully confirms the fact stated by
me in the Crania Americana, that the various artificial modes of distorting the
cranium, occasion no diminution of its internal capacity, and consequently do
not affect the size of the brain.

ELECTION.
Francis P. Porcher, M. D. of Charleston, South Carolina, was
elected a Correspondent of the Academy. :

October 2d.
Dr. BrinGEs in the Chair.

Letters were read:

From the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, dated Munich, Feb.
1, 1849, acknowledging the receipt of recent publications of this So-
ciety.

From the Secretary of the Lyceum of Natural _History of New York,
dated September 26th, 1849, acknowledging the receipt of the last
number of the Journal of the Academy.

From Mr. A. H. Morse, of New York, dated Sept. 15, 1849, offering
for sale a skeleton and skin of Manatus.

From Wm. F. Van Amringe, Esq., addressed to Dr. Morton, dated
New York, Sept. 12th, 1849, proposing a new system of Zoological
Classification, which was referred to Drs. Wilson, Leidy and Zant-
zinger.

October Oth.
Dr. McEwen in the Chair.

Letters were read :—

From the Secretary of the American Philosophical Society, dated
Sept. 24th, 1849, acknowledging the receipt of No. 3, Vol. 1, Journal
of the Academy.

From William Hembel, Esq., dated October 4th, 1849, accompany-
ing his donation of 41 vols. of the Transactions of a London Society
for the encouragement of arts, manufactures, c.—received this eve-
ning.

1849.] 225

Dr. Leidy offered the following observations :

From the opinion so frequently expressed that contagious diseases and some
others might have their origin and reproductive character through the agency
of cryptogamic spores, which, from their minuteness and lightness, are so easily
conveyed from place to place through the atmosphere, by means of the gentlest
zephyr, or even the evaporation continually taking place from the earth’s surface ;
and from the numerous facts already presented of the presence of cryptogamic
vegetation in many cutaneous diseases and upon other diseased surfaces, I was
led to reflect upon the possibility of plants of this description existing in healthy
animals, as a natural condition; or, at least, apparently so, as in the case of
entozoa. Upon considering that the conditions essential to vegetable growth
were the same as those indispensable to animal life, I felt convinced that ento-
phyta would be found in healthy living animals, as well, and probably as fre-
quently, asentozoa. The constant presence of mycodermatoid filaments growing
upon the human teeth, the teeth of the ox, sheep, pig, &c., favored this idea, and
accordingly I instituted a course of investigations, which led to the discovery of
several well characterized forms of vegetable growth, of which at present, I will
give but a short description, for the purpose of establishing priority, and propose
giving a more detailed account of them, with figures, in the second volume of
the Journal.

Enterobrus,* a new genus of Confervacee. Simple, attached, isolated filaments,
consisting of a long cylindrical cell, (containing protoplasma, granules, and
large translucent globules enveloped in a primordial utricle.) with a distinct
coriaceous peduncle or stipe of attachment, and at length producing at the free
extremity one or two, rarely three, shorter cylindrical cells, (filled with the same
matter as the parent cell.)

Enierobrus elegans. Filaments olive brown, brownish, yellowish, or color-
less, at first forming a single apical turn, and then passing ina straight or gently
curved line to the free extremity. Peduncle, or stipe of attachment, adhering
very firmly, coriaceous, uniformly brownish, narrower than the frond cell, papil-
lary, columnar, elongated, conical or pyramidal, expanded at base and at point
of attachment to frond cell, marked with longitudinal lines, and frequently with
transverse annular constrictions, with no definite interior structure. Length
from 1-3750th to 1-400th of aninch; breadth i-3200th to 1-666th. Frond cell
much elongated, frequently reaching the length of 2 or 3 lines, uniformly cylin-
drical, excepting at free extremity, where it is usually clavate; breadth in full
grown individuals pretty uniformly 1-935thof an inch. Contents consisting of-a
colorless protoplasma, with more or less numerous fine, translucent, yellowish or
colorless granules, measuring about 1-15,000th of an inch, and numerous large,
colorless, transparent globules or vesicles filled with fluid, averaging the 1-2870th
of an inch in diameter. End cells only existing in full grown individuals, one,
usually two, rarely three in number; the first one cylindrical, 1-86th of an inch
in length by 1-1000th in breadth, filled with more granules and less globules
than the parent cell; end cell clavate, 1-135th of an inch long by 1-750th broad,
at the clavate end 1-638th, filled with granular matter and a few globules,

eee

=
* Evrspoy et Bpvov.

31

226 [Ocr.

Length of full grown individual 2 to 3 sometimes 4 lines.

Habitat. Grows from the basement membrane of the mucous membrane of the
small intestine of Julus marginatus, Say, occasionally from the same membrane
at the commencement of the large intestine, and also from any part of the ex-
terior surface of Ascaris infecta and Aorurus: entozoa infesting these portions
of the intestinal canal of this animal.

The youngest individuals of Enterobrus which I ever detected, measured 1-380th
of an inch in length by 1-1060th in breadth, but the most usual sizes vary from
the 1-150th of an inch to the full grown iodividual. Atall ages they contain the
same character of contents, but in the younger ones, the large globules are usually
predominant, sometimes to such an extent as to exclude the other matters. When
quite young they are usually more or less clavate and straight, a little more ad-
vanced they form a gentle curve, about one-eighth of a circle. A little older, the
distal half or third becomes uniformly dilated, and forms an obtuse angle with
the other portion ; after this as it continues growing, it usually forms a single spi-
ral turn,becomes uniformly dilated,and thus advances to the full grown individual.
The cell contents consist principally of large transparent globules with granules
and protoplasma in the interstices. Frequently the cells are found distended with
the globules to such an extent that the other matters almost, and occasionally
evenentirely disappear. iodine turns the protoplasma and granules deep yellow
or very deep brown, and causes the rupture of the globules, whena clear fluid is
observed to exude; very slightly colored purplish, or nodergoing no change of
color from the iodine. Solution of iodine, acetic acid, salt water, or the pro-
longed action of water alone, causes a contraction of the cell contents from the
sides of the permanent cell wall, but they are still held together by an appa-
rent delicate membrane of the character of a primordial utricle. Frequently in
dead individuals, the interior contents shrink to two-thirds, occasionally to one-
third the diameter of the cell calibre, and almost 8 to 20 times the diameter of the
cell from each extremity, when they have the appearance ofa shrivelled granular
membrane. In these Jatter cases the characteristic globules and granules have
disappeared, and their place is more or less occupied with water, and yellowish
globular, highly refractive bodies, which resemble oil. These latter globules
vary in size from a mere point up to one-fourth the diameter of the cell. The
smaller ones are contained within the shrivelled primordial utricle with afew of
the larger ones, and a number of the latter occupy a position between the pri-
mordial utricle and the cell wall, apparently formed by a conjunction of the
smaller globules and an exudation through the primordial utricle during the act
of contraction conseqnent upon decomposition. They are insoluble in alcohol,
but are soluble in ether and a solution of potassa; in fact in all their properties
they resemble oil. Can these be oil globules, the result of decomposition ?

The protoplasma or fluid of the cells is colorless or faintly yellowish, contracts
or coagulates upon the application of alcohol, and is colored brown by iodine,
having all the characters usually possessed by that albuminoid fluid found in
all young vegetable cells and denominated protoplasma by H. von Mohl.

The clear granules are minute, yellowish and resemble fine oil globules. They
are turned deep brown by the action of iodine.

The clear globules appear to consist of a delicate vesicular membrane proba-
bly derived from the primordial utricle, filled with a colorless fluid.

1849.] 227

No circulatory or other movement as in Achyla prolifera, exists in the cell
contents. The end cells of the full grown individuals are usually two in number
a nd much shorter than the parent cell. Occasionally I have found three end
cells, more frequently but one. These cells are formed from the parent cells,
b y a contraction first taking place in their contents with the primordial utricle,
a partition from the permanent cell wall forming afterwards.

The end cells are probably spore cases; their contents are usually a dense

ass of fine granules, similar to those of the parent cell, with a few intermingled
globules. I never saw any movement, molecular or other, in the contained
matter, except during decomposition.

A question may arise as to the true situation of this plant among the crypto-
amia. Ihave placed it in the order Confervacez, from the diagnosis given
y Endlicher, in his Genera Plantarum: “ Fila capillaria, membranacea v. fila-

mentosa, intus v. extus articulata, simplicia v. ramosa, libera (i. e. haud in
frondem coalita,) interdum tamen reticulatim contexta, viridia v. rarius fusca
aut purpurea, in formis infimis hyalina, etc.”

Cladophytum,* a new genus of entophyta allied to the Mycodermata. Filaments
minute, attached by means of a roundish nucleus, simple, or compounded near
the base of attachment, with a minute lateral ramuli, inarticulate, and with no
evidence of interior structure.

Cladophytum comatum. Filaments delicate, regular, colorless, simple, more
frequently branched near the base at very acute angles, growing in more or
less dense bunches from a yellowish rounded or oval, attached, nuclear body,
varying in size from 1-7500th 1-600th of aninch. Lateral ramuli very minute,
measuring in length from 1-15,000th to 1-3000th of an inch, and passing off at

cute angles. No indication of articulation or interior structure.

Length from 1-666th to 1-120th of an ineh.

Habitat—Growing more or less profusely from the mucous membrane of the
small intestine of Julus marginatus, occasionally from the same surface at the
commencement of the large intestine, from any part of the exterior surface of
entozoa infesting those cavities, and also from any part of the surface of Entero-
brus elegans.

Arthromitus,t a second new genus of entophyta, allied to the Mycodermata.—
Filaments always simple, cylindric, articulated, without ramuli, attached by
means of a nuclear body, and with no evidence of interior structure.

Anthromitus cristatus. Filaments delicate, straight or inflected, growing in tufts
usally of moderate density, from minute, attached, yellowish rounded or oval
nuclear bodies. Articuli short, cylindric, uniform, measuring 1-9090th in. in
length by 1-15,000th in breadth, with no traces of interior structure.

Length 1-375th to 1-46th of an inch, breadth 1-15,000th in.

Habitat.—Same as Cladophytum comatum, but rarely growing in such dense
tufts.

The three genera of entophyta of which I haye now spoken, are all so con-
stantly found in the Julus marginatus, that I look uponit asa natural condition,
and should I hereafter meet with an individual without them, I will consider ita
rare exception, because, in one hundred and sixteen individuals which I have ex-

*Kaados et gurov. TAgoeou et pxsroc. >

228 [Ocr.

amined during the past thirteen months, in all seasons, and atall ages and sizes
of from one up to three inches of the animal,I have invariably found them. It
cannot be supposed that these are developed and grow after death, because I
found them always immediately upon killing the animal. Whilst the legs of
fragments of the animals were yet moving upon my table, or one half the body
even walking, I have frequently been examining the plants growing upon part
of the intestinal canal of the same individual. And upon the entozoa, these
entophyta will be frequently found growing, whilst the former are actively mov-
ing about. I found among an ascaris three lines long, which had no less than
than twenty-three individuals of Enterobrus averaging a line in length, besides &
quantity of the other two genera growing upon it, and yet it moved about in so
lively a manner that it did not appear the least incommoded by its load of vege-
tation. This specimen I have preserved in a glass cell in Goadby’s solution,
and exhibit it to the Academy.

The animals were uniformly enjoying good health, i. e. all the organic and
animal functions were natural; they eat, grew, reached their definite size, re-
produced, and in fact, presented all those actions characteristic of the normal
state of existence of the animal.

The genus Julus is an extensive one, and its species are found in all the great
parts of the globe, and as their habits are the same, the conditions for the pro-
duction of the entophyta will be the same, and I think I do not go too far when
I say they will be constantly found throughout the genus in any part of the
world, so that naturalists and others may, upon examination, readily verify or
contradict the statements which I have this evening presented.

From these facts we perceive that we may have entophyta in luxurious growth
within living animals, without affecting their health, which is further supported
by my having detected mycodermatoid filaments in the cecum of six young
and healthy rats, examined immediately after death, although they existed in
no other part of the body. These filaments were minute, simple, and inarticu-
late, measuring from 1-5000th to 1-1428th in. in length, by 1-16-000th of an
inch in breadth. With them were also found two species of Vibrio.

Even those moving filamentary bodies belonging to the genus Vibrio, Iam in-
clined to think, are of the character of algous vegetation. Theirmovement isno
objection to this opinion, for much higher conferve, as the Oscillatorias, are en-
dowed with inherent power of movement, not very unlike that of the Vibrio, and
indeed the movement of the latter appears to belong only to one stage of its exist-
ence. Thus, in the toad, (Bufo americanus,) in the stomach and small intestine,
there exist simple, delicate, filamentary bodies which are of three different kinds.
One is exceedingly minute, forms a single spiral, is endowed with a power of rapid
movement, and appears to be the Spirillum undula of of Ehrenberg; the second is
an exceedingly minute, straight and short filament, with a movement actively mole-
cular in character, and is probably the Vibrio lineola of the same author; the third
consists of straight, motionless filaments, measuring 1-1125th in. long, by
1-15,000th broad; some were, however, twice, or even thrice this length, but then
I could always detect one or two articulations, and these, in all their characters,
excepting want of movement, resemble the Vibrio. In the rectum of the same
animal, the same filamentary bodies are found, with myriads of Bodo intestina-
lis ; but the third species, or longest of the filamentary bodies, have increased
immensely in numbers, and now possess the movement peculiar to the Vibrio

1849.] 229

lineola, which, however, does not appear to be voluntary, but reactionary ; they
bend and pursue a straight course, until they meet with some obstacle, when
they instantly move in the opposite direction, either extremity forward.

But it must not be understood that these facts militate against the hypothesis
of the production of contagious diseases through the agency of cryptogamia. It
is as well established that there are microscopic cryptogamia capable of produ-
cing and transmitting disease, as in the case of the Muscardine, &c., as that there
are innocuous and poisonous fungi. But to suppose that they are the sole cause of
contagious disease, is to doubt the possibility of other causes, such as a change in
the chemical constitution of the atmosphere, the elements of our food, &., and
is as ridiculous as the psoric origin of most diseases of that miserable charlatanry
denominated homeopathy. In many instances it is difficult to distinguish their
character, whether as cause or effect, as upon diseased surfaces, in Tinea capitis,
apthous ulcers, &c. In a post-mortem examination, in which I assisted Dr.
Horner, a few weeks since, 28 hours after death, in moderately cool weather,
we found the stomach in a mucb softened condition. In the mucus of the
stomach, I detected myriads of mycodermatoid filaments, resembling those grow-
ing upon the teeth; simple, floating, inarticulate, and measuring from 1-7000th
to 1-520th of an iach in length, by 1-25,000th of aninchin breadth. It is pos-
sible they may have been the cause of the softened condition; but I would
prefer thinking that swallowed mycodermatoid filaments from the teeth, finding ©
an excellent nidus in the softening stomach, rapidly grew and reproduced them-
selves. In the healthy human stomach these do not exist.

In the stomach of a diabetic patient, I found so very few that they probably
did not grow there, but were swallowed in the saliva.

Dr. Leidy, after exhibiting numerous drawings of the entophyta described by
him, and also specimens, beneath the microscope, growing from the mucous
membrane of the small intestine of Julus, and from the exterior surface of ene
tozoa infesting that cavity, proceeded to exhibit and describe some new genera
and species of entozoa, as follows:

1. Ascaris cylindrica. Body nearly cylindrical throughout, anteriorly mode-
rately attenuated ; tail curved, 1-214th ofan inch in length from the anus, ceso-
phagus elongated, gibbous in the middle, with the esophageal bulb and pharynx
1-100th of an inch in length ; esophageal bulb pyriform,1-75th of an inch in diam-
eter; ventricle or intestine somewhat tortuous, cylindrical, dilated at both ex-
tremities ; rectum pyriform ; female generative aperture about half way between
the mouth and tail. Whole length 4-5th of a line, breadth 1-12th of a line.

Habitat.—Small intestine of Helix alternata.

Remarks.—I found the female only of this species in fifteen out of forty speci-
mens of Helix alternata, in numbers of from one to three. The ovaries in all
were distended with ova, the latter measuring 1-430th of an inch in length by
1-576th in breadth.

2. Ascaris infecta. Female, subcylindrical gradually diminishing towards the
extremities, white, with a brown streak down the lower two-thirds of the middle
line ; anteriorly obtusely rounded ; tail slightly curved, 1-80th of an inch long
from the anus. Thethree papille of the mouth projecting ; esophagus strongly

a

230 [Ocr.
muscular, thick, oblong, pyriform, 1-80th of an inch long,greatest breadth 1-175th
of an inch; esophageal bulb, cordiform, 1-166th of an inch long, by 1-66th of an
inch broad; ventricle slightly dilated at commencement, contracted posteriorly ;
generative orifice projecting, just below the middle of the body. Vagina fur-
nished with a large ovate seminal receptacle.

Male, dilated at both extremities ; tail thick, 1-174th of an inch long, furnished
upon its inner aspect with two minute tubercles. Above the anus are two rows,
each of four tubercles, connected by delicate folds of integument. M#sophagus
1-111th of an inch long, by 1-260th of aninch broad ; wsophageal bulb depressed
cordiform 1-214th of an inch long, by 1-250th of an inch broad. Penis formed
of two curved spicul#, measuring in length, in astraight line, 1-78th of an inch.

Length of adult female, 3 to 4} lines; breadth at origin of ventriculus 1-123d
of an inch; middle of body 1-83d to 1-60th of an inch; just above anus 1-144th
ofaninch. Ova 1-319th of an inch long, by 1-428th inch broad.

Length of male 2 lines; breadth at origin of ventriculus 1-176th of an inch;
middle of body 1-211th of an inch; just above anus 1-202d of aninch Sper-
matophori oval, 1-1391 inch long, by 4-1666th inch broad, with spermatozoa
1-3750th inch long, by 1-10,000th inch broad.

Habitat.—This species is found in numbers of from three up to fifty or more,
of various ages and sizes, pretty constantly in the smal] intestine of Julus mar-
ginatus, Say. The males are found in the proportion of about one in eight.

Aorurus,* a new genus of Nematoidee. Body cylindrical, strongly annulated,
with a tail nearly as long as the body, straight, or nearly so, inflexible, spicu-
late, ensiform, shining, and pointed. Mouth unarmed. Female generative
aperture near the middle of the body.

Remarks.—This genus is divisible, by several well marked characters, into
two distinct sub-genera.

lst sub genus. Streptostoma.t—Body cylindrical, very strongly marked with
broad annuli. Mouth moderately Jarge, round, bordered by a collar, (formed by
the second annulus projecting beyond the general outline of the body.) (so-
phagus divided into two distinct pyriform muscular bulbs, with a small inter-
mediate rounded bulb. Tail four-fifths the length of the body.

Streptostoma agile. Female.—Body larva-form, cylindrical, narrowed anteri-
orly and posteriorly, opalescent white, divided into from sixty-one to eighty-eight
broad annulations, of which there are twenty-one from the mouth to the com-
mencement of theventriculus. Tail very straight, occasionally slightly sigmoid,
or bent at the point, narrow and sharply pointed, inflexible and brittle. Mouth
moderately large, round, projecting ; pharynx almost null ; cesophagus consisting
of three bulbs: the first elongated pyriform,strongly muscular,measuring 1-197th
in. long, by 1-319th in. broad ; second bulb small, rounded, muscular, 1-882d in.
long, by 1-882d in. broad; third, or true cesophageal bulb, pyriform, 1-294th in.
long, by 1-312thin. broad. Ventriculus dilated at commencement to nearly the
diameter of the body, afterwards straight and cylindrical to near its termination,
where it is slightly dilated. Rectum elongate, pyriform. Generative aperture

* Aop et ovpa. { Srperres et crouc.

1849.] 231

situated about twenty-four rings above the anal aperture, which latteris placed
between the last two annuli of the body. Ovary double; ova 1-333d in. long,
by 1-400th in. broad.

Length of body from 1-13 to 1-11th inch ; breadth at commencement of ven-
triculus 1-118th inch ; at middle of body 1-97th inch. Tail from 1-16 to 1-15th
inch long, by 1-888th in. broad at its middle.

2nd sub-genus.—Thelastoma.*

Body cylindrical, attenuated anteriorly, strongly marked with moderately
broad annuli. Mouth small, opening at the extremity of a small papilla. Ciso-
phagus divided into two distinct portions, the first long and cylindrical, the
second constituting the true esophageal bulb. Tail more than half the length
of the body.

Thelastoma attenuatum.—Female. Body attenuated anteriorly to commence-
ment of the ventriculus, opalescent white, divided into from 140 to 160 annu-
lations, of which there are from fifty-two to fifty-seven from the mouth
to the commencement of the ventriculus. Tail very straight, or very lightly
curved or bent, slender, inflexible and brittle, and sharply pointed. Mouth
always projected, small, surmounting a small papillary elevation formed by
the first annulus of the body. Pharynx very short and narrow; csophagus
strongly muscular, cylindrical, 1-47th in. long, by1-533d in. broad; cesophageal
bulb pyriform, 1-178th in, long, 1-222d in. broad. Ventriculus dilated ale-
form at commencement, cylindrical throughout. Rectum short, pyriform.
Generative aperture 42 annulations above the anal. Ovary double, ova 1.333d
in. long, by 1.400th in. broad.

Length of body from 1-10th to 1-8th in. ; breadth at middle 1-95th in. Tail
1-15th in. long, by 1-111th in. broad at middle.

Habitat. and Remarks.—Streptostoma agile and Thelastoma attenuatum are
found together prinoipally in the commencement of the large intestine of Julus
marginatus, in numbers of from one to fifteen, and less frequently in the small
intestine with Ascaris infecta, in numbers of from one to six. It is remarkable,
that although I have found from one to fifteen of these two genera, in nine-
tenths of the animals examined, I have never yet been able to detect a single
male.

Thelastoma always has the mouth projected, whilst Streptostoma has it re-
tracted, producing, in some measure, but by no means wholly, the difference
in size of the oral aperture.

At first I was inclined to think these two animals were different stages of the
game species, but the adults uniformly correspond to the descriptions given, and
in all cases contained more or less perfected ova.

Their movements are active, wriggling the body in a sigmoid manner and
vibrating the delicate spiculated tail, which in sun-light resembles a shining
acicular crystal.

Thelastoma, from its form of esophagus and narrower annulations and shorter
tail than Streptostoma, occupies a position between the latter and Oxyuris.

Gregarina Dufour.

Body consisting of two distinct cells. Inferior cell the larger, marked

Onaa et oroue, -

232 [ Oct.

with delicate, parallel, longitudinal lines, (muscular?) and filled with a fine
granular matter, obscuring one or two nucleolo-nucleated-organic cells. Su-
perior cell placed in a depression of the inferior, surmounted by a slight
papilla in which may be detected two lines, apparently outlines, of an oral cana
to the interior of the cell which is filled with granular matter ; cell wall
amorphous and transparent.

Gregarina larvata, Body opaque white, cylindrical or fusiform, frequently
considerably dilated at the middle of the upper third. Superior cell! a flat-
tened or depressed sphere, received about one-half into a depression of the
inferior cell, surmounted by a papillary elevation with traces of a communi-
cation with the exterior; interior filled with a finely granular mass resembling
oil globules, and measuring from 1-15,000th to 1-7,500th in. Length of cell,
in smallest individuals 1-123d in.; in largest 1-80th by 1-61st in. broad.
Inferior cell elongated, cylindrical or fusiform, not communicating with the
exterior nor with the interior of the superior cell; filled with a mass of
granules resembling that of the superior cell, rendering the larger individuals
opaque, but translucent in the smaller ones, and usually obscuring one or
two comparatively large nucleolo-nucleated-organic cells, measuring from
1-888th to 1-308th in. in diameter. Cell-wall marked with exceedingly regular,
delicate, longitudinal, parallel lines about 1-9375th in. apart, apparently
muscular in character.

Length from 1-160th to 1-30th in., by 1-830th to 1-111th in. in breadth.

Habitat.—Found in numbers of from half a dozen to over a hundred, in the
ventriculus of Julus marginatus.

Gregarina is probably the larva condition of some more perfect animal, but in
the 116 individuals of Julus which I have examined, I have not been able to
detect any form which could be derivable from it. Creplin doubts its animal-
ity.* When I first discovered this body, thinking it to be a larva, I did not
examine it carefully, and it was not until some time afterward when, being
desirous of ascertaining its true nature, upon examining some fresh specimens
beneath the microscope, I detected movements of an animal character, and
this led me to seek for muscular structure, which resulted in the discovery of
the longitudinal lines of the inferior cell. These escaped the observations of
Siebold, for he says, ‘‘ Nach meine Beobachtungen bestehen die Gregarinen
aus einer harten glatten den Eihtllen der Insekten-Eir ahnlichen Hanut.’’t
The movements of the animal are exceedingly sluggish, and consist of a very
slow bending in any direction of any part of the inferior cell, most usually
above the middle, rarely at the inferior extremity, but most frequently near
the superior cell which is entirely passive. The superior cell is also frequently
drawn or contracted within the inferior, and again protruded by the con-
traction of the latter, and the propulsion of the granular contents against it.
The inferior cell is also frequently, more especially in younger individuals, in-
tussuscepted within itself through a partial contraction; and again relieved
by a general contraction of the cell.wall.

*Nachtrige zu Gurlt’s Verzeichness der Thiere bei welchen Entozoen gefun-
den worden sind. Wiegmann’s Archiv, 1846, 1 Band, S. 157.

tWiegman’s Archiv, 1838, 2 Band, S. 308.

1849.] 233

In the state in which Gregarina is found, it would probably hold a rank be-
tween the Trematoda and Trichina the lowest of the Nematoidea.
Nyctotherus,* a new genus of Polygastrica, allied to Plesconia.—Body ovate,
dilated posteriorly, compressed anteriorly, granulated, longitudinally lined,
with an apparent operculum covering its anterior half, and having a semi-circle
of cilia just within its margin inferiorly and posteriorly. Centre of the oper-
culated portion furnished with a large trapezoidal finely granular areola. Pos-
terior part of the body with a short fissure passing inwards and downwards.
Nyctotherus velor.—Body white, ovate, conoidal, anterior margin rounded,
obtuse ; posteriorly acute. Posterior margin of the apparent operculum passing
in a curved line upwards upon the middle of the body to within a short distance
of the back, and furnished inferiorly with a point projecting backwards. Witha
line passing down from the back about the middle of the operculum of the trape-
zoidal areola, giving the part of the body arterior to this the appearance of a
head. Trapezoidal areola, with curved sides, finely granular. Posterior fissure
communicating with the exterior, just above the acute termination of the body,
and passing inwards and downwa’ds, resembles an anal aperture. Areole of
the interior sarcous mass generally minute, one large and round pretty con-
stantly to be observed at the inner termination of the posterior fissure.
Length from 1-254th to 1-80th in.; breadth from 1-520th to 1-254th in.
Habitat—Commencement of the large intestine of Julus marginatus, often
found in considerable numbers.
Remarks.—This genus is closely allied to Plesconia, but possess no appendages
excepting the semi-circle of cilia, just within the edge of the apparent operculum.
The animal swims in water with great ease and grace. After being in this
fluid some time, the external investment bursts, and allows the protrusion of
globular masses of sarcous matter, as in Leucophrys, but not to such a great
extent.

Nore.—Since the above went to press, Dr. Leidy announced to the Academy
that he had discovered two new species of the entophyte Enterobrus; one of them
E. spiralis, 1-69th inch long, growing in the small intestine of Julus pusillus ;
the other, E. attenuatus, 1-24th inch long, growing more or less profusely with a
second species of Cladophytum, C. clavatum, in the ventriculus of a coleopterous
insect, Passalus cornutus. Thus has been established the law ‘‘that plants
may grow in the interior of the healthy animal as a normal condition,’’ and a
new field has been presented for the investigation of the Cryptogamo-naturalist.
[See forthcoming number of the Proceedings. ]

October 16th.
Mr. PEARSALL in the Chair.

Mr. Cassin read a paper describing some new species of Birds, of
the family of Caprimulgide, specimens of which are in the collection

*Nuxrobnpac.
32 si

234 [Ocr.”

of the Acad. Nat. Sci. of Philada. Referred to Drs. Wilson and Town-
send, and Mr. E. Harris.

October 23d.

Vice President Morron in the Chair.

A letter was read from Mr. Caspar Parkinson, dated Philadelphia,
Oct. 28d, 1849, offering for sale a collection of Marine Shells.
_ Dr. Leidy made the following observations on the characters and
intimate structure of the odoriferous glunds of the Invertebrata.

Nature has supplied most or all animals with some means of defence or protee -
tion, through which their destruction is rendered limited. The character of such
means varies exceedingly, some are encased in hard armour, some are endowed
with great muscular strength, some with great rapidity of movement, others trust
to their minuteness, some to their color, others feign death, many are furnished
with formidable instruments, suchas teeth, claws, aculei, &c.; others are sup-
glied with organs which emit an odour so offensive that an aggressor is frequently
compelled to leave what otherwise would have been its victim, &e. It is to the
last mentioned organs to which I at present wish to direct, for a few moments, the
attention of the members : to the organs denominated odoriferous glands of ani-
mals. Bodies of this, or of a homologous character, are possessed by nearly all
animals, but they are notin all used as a means of defence. They give origin
to the odour which appears to be more or less peculiar to each species of animal,
and which probably is in some way connected with the sexual instinct. The
scent bag of the Moschus moschiferus is the homologue of the glandul odori-
ferze Tysoni of the human prepuce; the tegumentary mucous glands of mollusca,
of annelides, of fishes, the tegumentary glands of reptiles, the perspiratory and
sebaceous glands of birds, and of mammals, the odoriferous glands of insects,
the anal of carnivora, &c., are all probably of a homologous character.

Although varying in the degree of their complexity in different animals, and
in the character of their secretion, yet the essential structure is the same through-
out. Consisting of tubes or follicles of basement membrane, their complexity
depends upon their greater or lesser length, their being simple or compound,
straight or more or less convoluted, and isolated or aggregated, in connection
with the mode of supplying to them their nutritive fluid.

On the interior these cavities or tubes are covered with a single layer of
nucleolo-nucleated organic cells, the true elaborators or manufacturers of the
secreted matters of the glandular bodies.

The secreted matter varies exceedingly in its properties in different animals ;
in odor being found from that of the perspiratory fluid of man, through a great
variety of shades, to that most powerful and odious of all odours, the secre-
tion of the anal glands of the Mephitis Americana ; in consistence from a semi-
fluid state to the gaseous fiuid of the Brachinus crepitans, &c. It is this which
constitutes the material contained within the organic cells intermediate to the
cell wall and the nucleus.

The cell wall and nucleus are the agents in connection with the organic
force which produce or elaborate the contained matter. And, indeed, this is the

1849] 235

ultimate fact of all organization ; for all the innumerable objects of living nature,
with such variety of form, composition, and color, from the simplest to the most
complex : from the vibrionic filament to the noble oak, from the bodo, or monas,
up to man, are the result of a force in connection with an amorphous
vesicle, the organic cell-wall, with the contained nucleus. Wonderful, in-
deed, is it that the human mind at length has been enabled to penetrate so
deeply into the mysteries of nature as to discover the starting point of
life, the stile at which an invisible intangible cause operates in the production
of all those beings wecall organized. From this digression I return once more
to the consideration of the odoriferous glands. In many of the higher animals,
the structure of these have been carefully investigated, but not to the same ex-
tent in the lower animals.

In Hemipterous insects these bodies are situated within the posterior part of
the metathorax or anterior part of the abdomen, and consists of one or two, more
or less long and convoluted coeca, which open exteriorly, usually between the
cox of the middle and posterior legs.

In the carnivorous Coleoptera they are situated in the posterior part of the
abdomen, on each side of the rectum, and usually open exteriorly upon the
membrane, connecting the inferior and superior plate of the last abdominal
segment on each side of the anal aperture. They generally consist of a number
of follicles, which converge to one or more ducts, which join the neck of a reser-
voir for containing the secreted fluid. A number of these are figured in the An-
nales des Sciences Naturelles for 1826.

In the genus of Myriapoda, Julus, the ordoriferous glands are placed upon
each side of the body, every segment which has a double pair of legs possess-
ing a pair of the glands, commencing anteriorly with the sixth segment, ex-
cepting the head, and terminating posteriorly with the penultimate segment.
As the number of segments of the animal varies with its age, so will also the
number of the odoriferous glands. The adult Julus marginatus has usually fifty
pairs, the Julus maximus, from New Grenada, 8. A., has fifty-eight pairs, &c.

The orifices of these glands opening exteriorly correspond toa row of minute
black dots on each side of the body, situated about midway between the supe-
rior and inferior median line.

The glands of Julus consist of a globular body or sac, with an elongated coni-
eal neck, and resembles in form a florence flask with the mouth drawn toa
point. In Julus marginatus they measure 1} lines long, the body being ? of a
line indiameter. In structure they consist of an amorphous transparent base-
ment membrane covered upon the interior surface with a single layer of secre-
ting cells. The cells are polygonal, from mutual pressure, measure 1-1612th
inch in diameter, and are filled with a yellowish fiuid, and a fine purplish
granular matter, which in mass gives them a dark purple color, and which, in
the aggregate of the cells, gives the glands a very deep purple or almost black
color. When the cells are compressed, or the contents pressed out, the gra-
nules exhibit lively molecular movement.

In the centre of the mass of granular matter of the cell, and only seen upon
compressing the latter, is a round, translucent nuclens, measuring the 1-5000th
inch in diameter, and containing a minute refractive nucleolus.

The secreting cells vary in color in different insects, and in the aggregate give

236 [Ocr.

the color to the glandular bodies. The reservoir also is lined with cells. In Upis
Pennsylvanica they are brownish, or nearly colorless, measure the 1-750th inch
in diameter, contain some finely granular brownish matter, and a large round
or oval, translucent, faintly granular nucleus, measuring 1-1250th inch, with
a large, round or oval nucleolus 1-2727th inch in diameter.

The secretion of the glands of Julus marginatus contained within the interior
of the body, is deep yellow in color, and contains a few of the purplish granules
of the cells. It resembles oil in consistence, but is soluble in water and alcohol.
It is neither acid nor alkaline, evaporates at a temperature of 250° F., without
residue; is acrid to the tongue; Schneiderian membrane, and conjunctiva,
smells like iodohydric acid, and stains the cuticle brown. The last two proper-
ties led me to suspect the existence of iodine, but the usual reagents presented
none. It probably belongs to a class of peculiar organic compounds, found in
the odoriferous principles of animals, not yet investigated.

Exteriorly the reservoirs of the odoriferous glands of insects are furnished
with transverse muscular bands, of a brownish color, about 1-1578th inch in
breadth, and separated by wide intervals.

In Julus, the body of the glands posesses no distinct muscular bands, but
the neck is provided with them.

References to the plate.

Fig. 1. Represents one of the odoriferous glands of Julus marginatus, much
magnified, exhibiting the secreting cells on the interior surface of the body, and
the muscular bands of the neck.

Fig. 2. Represents some of the secreting cells, highly magnified. a, cells in
which the nucleus is concealed from the quantity of granular matter ; b, nucleus ;
c, cells in outline.

Fig. 3. Three secreting cells very highly magnified. a, nucleus concealed by
granular contents ; 6, a cell burst with a portion of the contents escaping.

October 30th.
Dr. Bripces in the Chair.
The Committee on Mr. Cassin’s descriptions of new species of Capri-
mulgide, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptions of new species of birds of the Family Caprimulgide, specimens of
which are in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia.

By Joun Cassin.
Genus Hypropsaus, Wagler, Isis, 1832, page 1222.

1. Hydropsalis limbatus, nobis.

Adult 6 ?. Form. Wings long, pointed, with the shafts of the primaries
strong and slightly curved; first primary longest, second and third deeply
sinuated on their outer webs, and, with the first, having their external margins
distinctly serrated. Tail excessively long, graduated, the two external feathers
surpassing the next by about 14 inches ; others regularly receding to the two
in the middle, which are shortest. Tarsi feathered slightly below the knee.
Webs of outer tail feathers narrow.

1849.] 287

Dimensions.—Total length of skin, from the tip of bill to end of tail about 2
feet 5 inches, of the wing 9 inches, of the tail to end of external feathers, abuut
22 inches; length of two middle tail feathers about 3 inches.

Colors.—Upper surface of the head, body and wing coverts brownish black,
spotted and sparingly lined with pale fulyous. The wing coverts with round
spots at their points of the same color.

Superciliary region grayish white, every feather having narrow irregular lines
of black. Hind neck with a semicollar of bright and reddish fulvous. Under
the eye an irregular whitish stripe.

Scapular feathers with their external webs black, with a few curved lines of
fulvous remote from the tip, which is broadly margined with black, internal
webs of scapulars nearly white irregularly striped and spotted with black; other
scapulars nearly black, with pale fulvous margins externally.

Throat before with a white collar. Chin, breast and belly irregularly mixed
with brownish black and pale yellowish white, the latter color assuming upon
the breast the form of semicircular segments and lunular spots upon the tips of
the feathers, and the former (blackish) disposed to form very irregular narrow
bands upon the flanks and belly ; ventral region and under tail coverts paler.

Quills brownish black, having upon their internal webs four or five narrow
transverse lines of pale yellowish white, conspicuous when viewed from below;
and upon their external webs (except the first) several rounded or irregular
shaped spots of the same color. Second and third quills were sinuated upon
their outer webs, with a very slight margin of white. Secondaries obscurely
tipped with whitish.

First, second and third tail feathers throughout their whole length with their
outer webs and about two-thirds of their inner webs brownish black,—other por-
tion of the inner webs, being the internal margin of those feathers, white; a
few bright fulvous spots near the base upon the outer webs. Fourth and fifth
tail feathers with similar colors, but more broadly bordered with white, which
upon those, as well as the third, is sparingly spotted with brownish.

Young 9? Form.—Tail deeply emarginate, but not excessively long, exter-
nal feathers exceeding the next by about 14 inches only.

Dimensions.—Total length of skin, from tip of bill to end of tail about 12
inches, wing 8 inches, tail to end of external feathers 7} inches; length of mid-
dle tail feathers about 33 inches.

Colors.—Entire upper surface, tail included, brownish black, with numerous
rounded spots and lines of reddish fulvous, assuming upon the tail the form of
irregular or curved bands, which are more or less mottled and mixed with the
brownish black of the other predominating portion. Throat with a semi-collar
of yellowish white. Entire under parts, brownish-black, banded and spotted
with fulvous.

Hab.—South America.

Obs.—This very remarkable species may readily be distinguished by its very
long forked tail, the feathers of which are irregularly graduated. In the latter
respect it differs from the Hyd. psalurus, (Temm.) to which, however, it bears
but little resemblance.

There are in the collection of the Academy three specimens of this species,
two males in the Rivoli collection, and a female which was fortunatel¥ pro-
cured in Paris by Mr. Edward Wilson.

238 [Ocr.

2. Hydropsalis segmentatus nobis.

6 middle age? Form. Wings moderate, second primary slightly longest
second, third and fourth deeply sinuated on their outer webs; first with its
outer edges serrated, inner edges (of primaries) presenting a fringed appearance.
Shafts of primary quills strong and curved.

Tail very long, the two external feathers of which surpass the next by about
10 to 12 inches; second, third and fourth graduated; fourth and fifth about
equal—that is to say, the four middle feathers of the tail nearly equal.

Bill rather long and slender. Tarsi bare, slender. Webs of outer tail fea-
thers very narrow.

Dimensions.—Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 20
inches, wing 63, tail to end of external feathers about 154 inches; length of
four middle tail feathers about 4 inches.

Colors.—Upper surface of head, body, scapulars and wing coverts brownish-
black, spotted and obscurely lined with ferruginous rufous, which color almost
predominates upon the scapulars.

Neck, behind, with an obscure ferruginous semi-collar, before, with a semi-
collar of rufous white. Body beneath, brownish black, with rounded ferrugin-
ous spots upon the breast, and upon the belly with obscure bands and spots of
pale ferruginous and nearly white.

Wing feathers brownish-black; first primary with a narrow pale reddish bor-
der upon its outer web for about half its length, second and third with a pale
ferruginous spot at the point of sinuation. Secondaries with irregular bars
of reddish and with narrow tips of the same color.

The two external feathers of the tail with their shafts white upon the upper
surface, outer webs white, tinged with rufous, and handsomely marked (upon the
outer webs) with semicircular segments of black, having for their bases the shaft
of the feather. This marking is more conspicuous towards the base, and upon
the undersurface the black color of these semicircular segments extends to the
shaft of the feather. All the other tail feathers brownish black, with bars of fer-
ruginous rufous; upon the two middle feathers these bars are mottled with black.

Young 9? Form.—Tail ample, emarginate, and regularly graduated, the
two external feathers being but little longer than the second.

Dimensions.—Total length of skin, from tip of skin to end of tail about 9
inches; wing 6}; tail to end of external feathers, about 5 inches ; length of
middle feathers of the tail, about 4 inches.

Colors.—Entire plumage very similar to the male, but with all the tail feathers
brownish black, barred with ferruginous.

Hab. Bogata, New Grenada.

Obs. The two specimens now described belong to the Rivoli collection, and
have the appearance of being either young birds, or with the plumage of winter.
The male may, however, be easily recognized by the curious marks upon the
external webs of the outer tail feathers, described above. The colors in the
present specimens, black and ferruginous, are peculiar to this species, so far
as I have seen.

Genus Antrostomus, Gould.

3. Antrostomus serico-caudatis, nobis.
Adult g'. Form. Wings rather long, third primary longest ; second, third

1849.] 239

and fourth sinuated on their outer webs ; shafts slightly curved. Tail cuneiform,
four middle feathers equal and longest.

Bill rather long and flat ; tarsi short, slightly feathered below the knee,

Dimensions. Total length of skin, from tip of bill to end of tail, about 11
inches ; wing 72; tail 53 inches.

Colors. Head above, back, rump, scapulars and wing coverts variegated with
black and dark fulvous, the latter in rounded spots and narrow irregular lines,
predominating upon the wing coverts, but the former (black) upon the head and
seapulars. This color disposed to form a broad longitudinal band on the head.
Sides of the head, over the eyes, grayish ; every feather with transverse black
lines. Neck behind with a semi-collar of deep reddish fulvous ; before, with a
semi-collar of yellowish white, the feathers of which are tipped with black.

Throat nearly black, breast below the collar, with deep fulvous spots and irre-
gular lines, belly and ventral region with a predominating pale fulvous white,
and some nearly pure white spots, every feather transversely lined and barred
with black, under tail coverts fulvous, unspotted.

Wing feathers brownish black, primaries with about 10 to 12 irregular shaped
but rather triangular marks of deep fulyous upon their external webs, second-
aries with irregular bars of pale fulvous, which bars are mottled with black.

First, second and third feathers of the tail brownish black with several obscure
and badly defined bands of reddish fulvous, and obliquely tipped ina very con-
spicuous manner, with fine, silky white. Fourth feather of similar color, and
without the white tip, and with the reddish fulvous bands more definite. Two
middle tail feathers brownish black, and with about 10 to 12 bars on each web
of deep reddish fulvous, well defined, and which are disposed obliquely from the
shafts of the feathers, like a pinnate leaf, those bars broad and mottled with
black,—two middle feathers without white tips.

Younger? Form. As above described, but with the second primary slightly
the longest.

Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to the end of tail, about 10}
inches, wing 73, tail 54 inches.

Colors. Very similar to the above, but with the grayish color extending over
the whole of the head. Under parts much darker but with more numerous
white rounded spots. Under tail coverts fulvous with black lines. The fine
white tips of the external tail feathers tinged with fulvous,

Hab. South America.

Obs. The distribution of the colors upon the upper surface of the body, in
this handsome species resembles in some degree that of Scolopax rusticola, or of
S. minor.

It is not similar to any other species known to me, and can at once be recog-
nized by the silky white tips of the external tail feathers. These cross the fea-
thers obliquely, and are so arranged that when the cuneiform tail is expanded,
they form a contiguous margin upon the ends of those three feathers.

This is one of the few species of this family which have pretensions to beauty.
Two specimens are in the collection of the Academy.

ELECTION.

Octavius A. Norris, and Francis W. Lewis, M. D., of Philadel-
phia, were elected Members of the Academy.

a Pama aly ae
7

pA int 3 it a -

are fn rity! anti
Jattstve aye
toed pal loath han

‘1 fst tae bingy saftal fey moles

sFeaticngsam pnt witaver lief todas, a
aged onl nr det trea saiwe if anid Abslararoed mn hth,
(noose tii Team biies aiads, auge ear wt npoh Yeo rit: as eet ts
onl iby laf jtera oA. Bear Asay) | olog berm a ep
wrtioutn Loyow ntl w gonht Raiquend Sad meth te eit fall Fetinit Spar Sou atten,

Haan tae 4 ch bnert ehunrpilife Dae seer bal uleiber Ta cutee! boitiph of
‘on woloy valimty. Yo wyphlestt holla) wow alte antl. dd)aes odetawe "a

lolol apn ahah: syne li Frisbm, TU a aia

ive Abaz ih vial ai a} Of , eel #3) iy hii dum Ca lelawarte ; ‘A +

005 mT Le pai ts {omen ih ann Hobdy. bar tne ets bua paren ~, 77 ’
tie tral Pat, bbe Pray (at em, parts eek, ATTA poh een i / as > ;
awh ere sid Jondsln epdtaal eat: F " “oS
alte Ce an re v or ae ‘ sie heal ays ok ovuda : _ aa ia
t 94 dah tie) 2 ‘4. eh ont —-
- ao ee :
oy] Pao fia | ots 4 sill we tui dy git. wor ida) % iicaneh Intat m * pes = 7
| inden 8 ie keeps
greta] ith Oba ha se mu ed did w taal otodh, any ov casper o . - =

bab AFIS " uy Aw! iatyals tH ant ale rohan ee wheres -~,
i. wet 4 1), liter chase ti’ ahravd ‘eq soba

* watt b sam! oan | row baie lies incon om olden, =

4 — danrtand ' eet
. a ahd a a hh be raqga aif) epinae'sy te “wokiyreltaradb ead » a

ow ° Vows centr ee A beds were) (ite ofl aneers aha ara a

Wed

-j sy onl) Tél pp he at ree any alma! ge wdto af
mr =e vied lank Tins Inazutte HAN outta

tog? itt moe ted? Sypanegs oat fen

* ws i tapeytt ‘abies etguuelingl Ys

ot ait So astosge wale Yo ore ve

wr 1a watenettan alt A ate unclean

sais

1849.] 241

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM.
In SEPTEMBER AND OcToBER, 1849.
September 4th.

Twenty-two Skeletons of Birds, as follows: Cygnus atratus, Aquila fusca,
Milvus sphenurus, Talegalus Lathami, Centropus gigas, Calyptorynchus xantho-
notus, Dacelo gigantea, Podargus cinereus, Botaurus australis, Cracticus hypo-
leucus, Corcorax australis, Graucalus parvirostris, Myzantha pumila, Antho-
chera Lewinii, Hematopodus varius, Cuculus cinerascens, Platycircus palliceps,
Ceyx azureus, Acanthyza diemensensis, Coronica australis, Megapodius tremu-
lus, Diomedea exulans. From Dr, T. B. Wilson. ;

Coronella doliata, from Louisiana. From J. Coleman Fisher, Esq.

A species of Diodon, and several specimens of Corals and Shells from Long
Branch, N. J. From Samuel Powel, Esq.

September 11th.

Forty specimens of Gold, Silver and Lead Ores, from the mines of Cordova,
South America. From T. F. Moss, Esq.

Ichthyophilus from Sargus ovis, from Beasley’s Point, N. J. From Samuel
Ashmead, Esq.

September 18th.

A coilection of Shells and Minerals. From Dr. E. J. Lewis.

Stilbite, from Nova Scotia. From Dr. Hallowell.

Metatarsal bone of Anoplotherium commune, from Montmartre, France.
Deposited by same.

October 2d.

Mounted specimen of Lepidosteus ferox, from the Mississippi river. From
Mr. J. D. Anderson.

Teredo navalis. From R. Pitcher, U. S. N.

Coluber , from Trindad. From Dr. Watson.

Aragonite, from Styria, Native Mercury from Idria, Miargarite and Feather
Ore from Braundorff, White Antimony from do., Pecten from the Jura of —,
Pecopterus, from Saxony. Presented by Theo. F. Moss, Esq.

Fossil Wood from the Drift of New Jersey; from Long Branch. Deposited
by Mr. Samnel Powel.

Stone Adze, found in New Jersey. From the same.

October 16th.

A collection of Coleoptera aad Lepidoptera. Presented by Dr. John Neill.

Mounted specimen of Chlamyphorus truncatus, (the original specimen de-
scribed by Dr. R. Harlan in Vol. 1, Annals of Lyceum of New York). Also the
cranium of the same. Presented by Dr. Wilson.

Dwarf variety of Gallus Bankiva. From Dr. Wistar, of Germantown.

Hybrid between the Mallard duck and the Muscovy. From Mr. Edward Harris.

October 23d.

Panopeus, Grapsus, Dromia, Porcellana, Achelous, Sesarma, and two species
not named, from Brazil; Spondylus varius, and Bulimus hemastomus, from
Para, Pholadomya, and Mountain Limestone, from South Wales. Presented by
Dr. Wilson.

Coryctes, Piremela, Porcellana, from England; Uraster, Ophiscoma, from
Pembrokeshire, England. Presented by E. T.and ©. W. Wilson, of South Wales.

Fine fragment of the inferior maxilla with bases of four teeth, of Mosasaurus,
, from the Green Sand, Mount Holly, New Jersey. Presented by Dr. S. G.
Morton.

Dr. Morton also presented to the Society all those fragments of Mosasaurus,
heretofore deposited by him.

Taphozous rufus, Harlan, captured on Quercus ferruginea. From Dr. Alexander.

242 [Ocr.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.
In Serremper AND OcToneRr, 1849.
September 4th.

Conspectus Crustaceorum qu in Orbis Terrarum circumnavigatione Carolo
Wilkes e Classe Reipublice federat# duce lexit et descripsit J.D.Dana, From
the author.

Synopsis of the generaof Grammaracee. Prom J.D.Dana. From the same.

Dr. Wilson deposited:

, Zeitschrift ftir Malakozoologie. Von K. T. Menke und Dr. L. Pfeiffer. No. 1,
or 1849.

Comptes rendus: Tome 28, Nos. 17-26. Table des Comptes rendus, Tome 27.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie par M. Guérin-Méneville. Nos. 1-5. 8vo,

The London Atheneum, for June and July, 1849.

Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. 3. Parts 5 and 6.

September=11th.

The Pathology and treatment of cholera. By Samuel Cartwright, M. D.
From the author.

Some remarks on premedication: and the doctrine of a retrograde action from
collapsion of the absorbent and capillary vessels. By Samuel Cartwright, M. D.
From the same.

A glance at the Fossil Flora of the Carboniferous Epoch. By Henry Denny.
From the author.

Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, von K. T. Menke, M. D., und Dr. L. Pfeiffer.
No. 12 for 1848.

Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Zoologie und Vergleichenden Anatomie,
von H. Schlegel. Nos. 1 and 2. 4to.

Die Versteinerungen des Norddeutsch-Kreidegebirges. Von F. A. Roemer.

The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 4, new series. No. 10.

History of British Mollusca, &e. By Prof. E. Forbes and 8. Hanly. Part
19. 8yo.

Buffoni et Daubentoni figurarum Avium coloratarum nomina systematica col-
legit H. Kuhl.

Die Versteinerungen des Harzebirges. Beschrieben von F. A. Roemer.

Conchologia Iconica. By Lovel Reeve. Part 75.

Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neur oder wenig gekannter Conchylien, von
Dr. R. A. Philippi. Vol. 3, Part 5.

Paleontographia. Beitrige zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt. Von Dr. W.
Dunker and H. Von Meyer. Vol. 2, Part 1.

Illustrations of British Mycclogy. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 28. 4to.

The genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By E. Doubleday. Part 30. 4to.

Chloris Protogea. Von F. Unger. Nos. 8, 9, 10, folio.

Die Versteinerungen des Norddeutschen Ovlithen-Gebirges. Von F. A.
Remer. 4-vols. 4to.

Skandinaviske Foglar af M. Koner. 4to.

Végel aus Asien, Africa, America und Neuholland. Von Dr. C. W. Hanh,
19 parts. 40.

Ornithologischer Atlas der Aussereuropdischen Vogel. Von H. C, Kiister.
No. 15.

Narrative of an attempt to reach the North Pole, in 1827. under the command
of Capt. W. E. Parry, R. N. 4to.

Report of the sixteenth meeting of the British Association, 1846. Report for
1847, 2 vols. 8vo.

Die Insel Helgoland. Untersuchungen tiber deren Grésse in Vorzeit und Ge-
genwart. Von K. W. M. Wiebel. 4to.

Die Petrefactenkunde auf ihrem jetzigeu Standpunkte durch die Beschreibung

1849.] 243

seiner Sammlung versteinerter und fossiler Ueberreste des Thier und Pflanzen-
reichs der Vorwelt erlautert von E. F. Baron von Schlotheim. 1 vol. 8vo., and
atlas 4to.

Nachtriige zur Petrefactenkunde von Baron Von Schlotheim. 2 vols. 8vo.,
and atlas 4to.

Vermium Intestinalium, presertim Tanize humane, brevis expositio ; Auctore
P. C.F. Werner. 8 parts. 8vo.

North American Sylva. Nuttall’s Supplement. Vol. 3. Part 2.

On the nature of Limbs. By Richard Owen. 8yo.

On the Homologies of the Vertebrate Skeleton. By Richard Owen. 1 vol. 8vo.

Oriental Memoirs. By James Forbes. 4 vols.

Narrative of a voyage to the Pacific Ocean and Behring’s Straits in H. M. Ship
Blossom, in 1825-’28. 1 vol. 4to.

Portraits of rare and curious Birds, with their descriptions, from the Menagery
of Osterly Park. By W. Hayes and family. 2 vols. 4to.

A Natural History of Birds. By Eleazer Albin. 3 vols. 4to.

The English Entomologist. By Thomas Martyn. 4to.

A new Dictionary of Natural History. By Wm. F. Martyn, Esq. Folio.

Conchology, or the Natural History of Shells. By George Perry. Folio.

The Birds of Great Britain. By W. Lewin. 8 vols. in 4. 4to.

Seplember 18th.

Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 2. pp-
1-160. From the Academy.

American Journal of Science and Arts. 2d series. No. 23. Sept., 1849. From
the Editors.

Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Nos. 3 et 4,
1848, et No. 1, 1849. From the Society.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol.3,Nos.3, 4 and 5.
From the Editor.

October 2d.

Bibliotheca Animalis. Von Fr. E. Bruckmann. 8vo. Deposited by Dr. Griffith.

Thome Pancovii Herbarinm. 4to. From the same.

On the use of a new Micrometer, and its application to the determination of
the parallax of Mars. By Prof. Dr. Von Bogerslawski. From the author.

Uebersicht der Arbeiten and Veranderungen der Schlesischen Gesellschaft iir
vaterlindische Kultur im Jahr, 1849. 8vo. From Prof. Bogerslawski.

Gelehrte Anzeigen. Herausgeg. von Mitgliedern der k. bayer. Akad. der
Wissenschaften. Nos. 26, 27, 1848. 8yvo. From the Academy.

Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der k. bayer. Akad.
Vol. 5. No. 2. 4to. From the same.

Bulletin der k. bayer. Akad. der Wis. Nos. 1—52, 1848.

Die Chemie in ihrem Verhaltnisse zur Physiologie und Pathologie. Von D.
Max. Pettenkéffer. From the same.

Denkrede auf J. G. Zuccarini. Von C. F. P. V. Martius. From the same.

Rede bei Eroffnung der Sitzung der k. b. Akad. der Wis. 28 Marz, 1848, Von
Dr. Carl Fried. P. V. Martius. From the same.

Monograph of Steatoma, a new genus of new operculated land-shells. By C.
B. Adams. From the author.

Transactions of the Society instituted at London, for encouragement of Arts,
Manufactures and Commerce. 41 vols. 8yo. From Wm. Hembel, Esq.

Dr. Wilson presented the following:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from 1665 to 1840
inclusive, one hundred and eleven vols. 4to.

The same from 1665 to 1800; abridged by C. Hutton, LL. D., George Shaw,
M. D., and Richard Pearson, M. D. 18 vols. 4to.

The London Atheneum for Aug., 1849. f

Comptes Rendus, Nos. 1-4. Tome 29.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, No. 6.

244 [Ocr.

October 23d.

Memorials of John Bartram and Humphrey Marshall. By Wm. Darlington,
M.D. Royal 8vo. From Miss Percival.

Flora Carolinensis. By John L. E. W. Shecut. Vol. 1st. 8vo. Deposited
by Dr. Griffith.

De l’Homme Animal. Par le Dr. Felix Voisin. 8vo. From Prof. Haldeman.

Opuscoli Litterarii. 3 vols. 4to. From Dr. Isaac Hays.

Opuscoli Scientifici. 4 vols. 4to. From the same.

Notice of a remarkable hot wind in the Zillah of Purneah. By H. Piddington.
From the author.

Examination of some atmospheric dust from Shanghe, forwarded to the Asiatic
Society of Bengal by Dr. Macgowan. By H. Piddington. From the same.

Notice of the ferruginous Sphertiles imbedded in sand stone, brought from
Lulleetpore in Bundelcund, by Dr. Spilsbury. By H. Piddington. From the
same.

Examination and Analysis of the Ball Coal of the Bardwan Mines. By H.
Piddington. From the same.

On the great diamond in the possession of the Nizam. By I. Piddington.
From the same.

1849.J 245

November 6th.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

The Corresponding Secretary read a letter from Dr. T. Romeyn
Beck, dated Albany, October 24, 1849, acknowledging, on behalf of
the Trustees of the New York State Library, the receipt of Nos. 9 and
10, Vol. 4, of the Proceedings of the Academy.

Also, a letter from Francis Peyre Porcher, M. D., dated Charles-
ton, 8. C., October 1, 1849, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of
election as a Correspondent.

Also, a letter from the Secretary of the Western Academy of
Natural Sciences, dated Cincinnati, October, 1849, acknowledging
the receipt of the last number of the Proceedings.

The Recording Secretary read a letter addressed to Dr. Morton, by
Mr. Richard H. Kern, a member of this Institution, dated Santa Fé,
New Mexico, 1849, giving an interesting account of his recent Ethnolo-
gical and Archzeological exploration in New Mexico.

Dr. Bridges presented a paper by Dr. R. W. Gibbes, of South Caro-
lina, entitled “New species of Myliobates from the Eocene of South
Carolina, with other genera not heretofore observed in the United
States.” Referred to Drs. Bridges, Morton and Leidy.

Dr. Leidy made some remarks upon several new species of Ento-
phyta, Enterobrus spiralis, and E. attenuatum, and a new species of
Gregarina, discovered by him.

On leave granted, Dr. Bridges offered a resolution to appoint a com-
mittee to enquire into the expediency of appropriating the room ad-
joining the Library for the purpose of the same, and also what altera-
tions may be necessary, and to report to the Academy at next meeting.

The resolution was adopted, and a committee appointed consisting
of Drs. Bridges, Zantzinger and Wilson.

On motion of Mr. Cassin, it was resolved, that the Committee on
Proceedings be authorized to complete the copy of the Proceedings for
the Western Academy of Natural Sciences.

November 13th.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A letter was read, dated Niirnberg, July 24, 1849. from Messrs.
Frederick and J. W. Stiirm, announcing the decease of their father
Jacob Stiirm, a correspondent of the Academy. Also requesting an
exchange of publications with the Society. S

_ Dr. Hallowell remarked that recently, a living specimen of the serpent, des-
cribed in a former number of the Proceedings as Coluber venustus, was brought
to the Academy by Dr. Watson, and gave birth to seven young, the animal being
viviparous. They varied in length from two inches to three inches one and a half
lines. The color is dark slate above, darker upon the head and lighter upon the

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA.—YVOL. IV. NO. XI. 4

246 [ Nov.

abdomen. The white spots upon the occiput are very distinct. In four of the
specimens there are three spots; in the others they coalesce more or less, in one
of them forming a narrow irregular white band, the animal resembling very much
the adult Coluber punctatus. There is also a white spot upon the upper jaw-

The Chairman made some remarks upon a specimen of “bloody
bread,” the result of the Monas prodigiosa, given him by Prof. Bailey,
of West Point, and obtained by the latter from Prof. Ehrenberg, of
Berlin.

The Chairman also remarked, that the Charib Skull, deposited by
him this evening, had been obtained in the island of Nassau, by the
late Rev. Thomas Leaver, from whom it was derived by Dr. Te C.
Deans, of Newport, R.I., who presented it to Dr. Morton.

On leave granted, the Committee appointed at last meeting, to en-
quire into the expediency of altering the room adjoining the Library,
so as to adapt it to the purposes of the same, made a report, embracing
the details of a plan for the object proposed, and recommending that
authority be given for an immediate commencement of the work.

The report was adopted, and the Committee instructed to carry out
the plan as described.

November 20th.
Vice President Morron in the Chair.

The Corresponding Secretary read a letter from Mr. J. M. McMinn,
dated Milesburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania, addressed to Dr. Zant-
zinger, containing the following :—

‘<I send you some specimens of our ‘Snow bug.’ This insect occurs in great
numbers on the mountains of Pennsylvania. I have frequently noticed them in
mid-winter on the snow, but I never saw such a multitude of them together, as I
witnessed on the 17th of February, 1849, near the ‘“‘ Rattle Snake,” on the Alle-
ghany Ridge. The snow wasentirely covered for the fourth of a mile along the
road, and several rods oneither side. The mercury in F, was standing at about
15 degrees; the atmosphere was dry and clear.

These little animals were quite stupid, and to all appearance had been but a
short time there, and as it was about 9 o’clockin the morning, I judged that they
arrived in the night.

Their motion was slow, and those on the top were quietly endeavoring to get
under. They did not appear to be eating any thing. The weather was toocold
to remain and watch their movements, and the next day, when I again passed the
spot, I could not detect a vestige of them.

The wind had been strong from the north for several days, and I have noticed
that we had strong north winds whenever I had seen them.”

A letter was read froin the Librarian of the Smithsonian Institution,
dated Washington, November 1, 1849, acknowledging the receipt of
Part 3, Vol. 1, of the Journal, and other publications of the Academy ;
and also desiring that some deficiencies in the same be supplied.

1849. ] 247

November 27th.

Vice President Morton in the Chair.

The Committee to which was referred the paper of Dr. R. W.
Gibbes, describing new species of Myliobates from the Eocene of South
Carolina, &c., reported in favour of publication in the Journal of the
Academy.

The report of the Corresponding Secretary for October and Novem-
ber, was read and adopted.

The following communication was received from the Secretary of
the American Philosophical Society :—

“ At a meeting of the American Philosophical Society, held on Friday eve-
ning, November 2, 1849, the following resolution was unanimously adopted :

Resolved, That the Curators be authorized to deposit the fossil organic remains
belonging to the Society, with the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
provided the Academy will agree to accept the deposit, and take proper measures
for the preservation of the specimens, and by their proper officer sign a receipt
for the same, and agree to return them in good condition, when required by this
Society.”

Extract from the minutes. Cuartes B. Treeo, Secretary.

On motion of Mr. Cassin, the Curators of the Academy were autho-
rized to receive the collection of Organic remains belonging to the
American Philosophical Society, on the conditions proposed in the
above resolution, with some slight modification.

ELECTION.

William Parker Foulke, Esq., of Philadelphia, was elected a Mem-
ber of the Academy.

December 4th.
Mr. Vaux in the Chair.

A letter was read from Wm. P. Foulke, Esq., acknowledging the
receipt of his notice of election as a member.

A communication was received and read from William Hembel,
Esq., President of the Academy, declining a re-election to the office,
assigning as his motive, the increasing infirmities of age, and his in-
ability in consequence to perform properly the duties of the office, or
to take an active part in the affairs of the Society.

Dr. Leidy read a memoir, entitled “‘ Descriptions of two species of
Distoma, with the partial history of one of them, by Joseph Leidy,
M. D.,” accompanied by drawings, and intended for publication in the
Journal. Referred to Drs. Bridges, Morton and Hallowell.

-

248 (Dec.

December 11th.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. T. Romeyn Beck, dated Albany, Decem-
ber 7th, 1849, acknowledging, on behalf of the Regents of the Uni-
versity of the State of New York, the receipt of the last number of the
Proceedings.

Dr. Bridges presented a paper from Dr. Le Conte, of New York,
entitled “An attempt to classify the Longicorn Coleoptera of the
part of America north of Mexico,” by John L. Le Conte, M. D.,
and intended for publication in the Journal of the Academy. Referred
to Drs. Bridges, Leidy and Hallowell.

Dr. Leidy read a paper (accompanied by drawings,) intended for pub-
lication in the Proceedings, entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of new genera and
species of Entophyta,” by Joseph Leidy, M. D. Referred to Drs.
Hallowell, Morton and Zantzinger.

Dr. Morton read a portion of a paper designed for publication in the
Journal, entitled ‘‘ On the size of the Brain in various races and fami-
lies of Man, with Ethnological Remarks :’’ by S. G. Morton, M. D.;
which was referred to a committee consisting of Mr. Phillips, Dr.
Hallowell, and Mr. H. C. Lea

On leave granted, Dr. Bridges presented a report from the Commit-
tee on Dr. Leidy’s “ Description of two species of Distoma, with the
partial history of cne them,” recommending the same for publication
in the Journal.

By request, the letter of Wm. Hembel, Esq., President of the Acade-
my, presented at the meeting of the 4th inst., declining a re-election,
was again read, and after some remarks by Mr. Cassin, the latter offered
a series of resolutions, expressive of the great regret of the members at
the determination of the President, and their unanimous wish that he
would consent to retain the office.

The resolutions were unanimously adopted, and the Recording See-
retary directed to furnish a copy of the same to Mr. Hembel, signed by
the officers and members present at this meeting.

December 18th.
Vice President Morton in the Chair.

A communication was read from the Royal Society of London, dated
Somerset House, August 18, 1849, acknowledging the receipt of Parts
1 and 2, new series, of the Journal, and several recent numbers of
the Proceedings.

A letter was read from H. W. Ravenel, Esq., dated Black Oak,
Charleston District, S. C., December 7, 1849, announcing the trans-
mission to the Academy of numerous botanical specimens, collected by
himself, from that vicinity, including several new Cryptogamous plants.

1849.] 249

Also a letter from M. Victor Motchaulsky, proposing to exchange
Russian Coleoptera for those of America.

Also a communication from the President of the Academy, William
Hembel, Esq., reiterating his desire to decline a re-election to the
office, and expressing his acknowledgments for the sentiments contained
in the resolutions passed at the last meeting of the Society.

Dr. Morton read a continuation of his paper on the size of the Brain
in the various races of Man, the first portion of which was presented
at a former meeting. Referred to the same committee, viz., Messrs.
Phillips, Hallowell and H. C. Lea.

On leave granted, the Committee to which was referred Dr. Le
Conte’s memoir, ‘¢ An attempt to classify the Longicorn Coleoptera of
that part of America north of Mexico,” presented a report, recom-
mending the same for publication in the Journal.

December 25th.

Prof. W. R. Jounson, in the Chair.

The committee to which was referred the following paper, by Dr.
Leidy, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptions (accompanied by drawings,) of new Genera and Species of
Entophyta.

By JoserpH Lemmy, M. D.

Enterobrus spiralis. Yellowish, brownish, brown, or hyaline, forming a sin-
gle, double, or triple spiral. Peduncle brownish or yellowish, columnar,
1-2500th in. long, by 1-6000th in. thick. First or principal cell uniformly cylin-
drical, filled with granules and globuies, 1-4285th in. indiameter. Penultimate
cell cylindrical, filled wlth granules, 1-535thin. long, by 1-3333d in. at broadest
part.

Length from 1-70th to 1-50th in., by 1-4200th in. broad.

Habitat.—Grows from the mucous membrane of the small intestine of Julus
pusillus.

Remarks.—This species is found in varying quantity froma half dozen in-
dividuals up to fifty or more of various ages. The specimens of Julus pusillus
from which the plant was obtained, measured half an inch in length.

Enterobrus atienuatus. Faintly brownish, yellowish, or hyaline, forming a
double flexure or sigmoid curve, and then growing in a very straight course to
its termination. Peduncle yellowish, columnar, sometimes double, 1-666th in.
long, by 1-2300th in. broad. Principal cell attenuated at both extremities,
rounded or truncated at the discal end, and filled with varying quantity of
globules and granules. End cells?

Length 1-24thin.; diameter at middle 1-1500th in.; at sigmoid curve 1-2300th
in.; at distal extremity 1-2500th in.

Habitat.—Grows in profusion irom the mucous membrane of the ventriculus
of Passalus cornutus,

25) [ Dec.

Remarks,—This is a very graceful form, and is more disposed to grow in
bunches or close together, than the other species. I have not met with it
with the terminal two cells in twelve specimens of Passalus, which contained
over a hundred of the plants, although from some of the individuals appearing
truncated at the distal extremity, I think it probable that they may occur;
otherwise it would form a distinct genus.

Cladophytum ramosissimum. Filaments very long, very delicate, and very
much branched, growing in fasciculi of moderate density from granular masses.

Length 1-75th in.; thickness of principal filaments or trunks 1-15000th in.

Habitat.—Growing in moderate profuseness from the mucoas membrane of
Passalus cornutus.

New Genus. Corynociapvus.*

Filaments hyaline, inarticulate, very compound; branches thicker than the
trunk, clavate, without ramuli, growing from rounded or oval granular masses.

Corynocladus radiatus. Comatose, growing in very dense bunches, occasionally
straggling ; branches spreading, terminal ones very long, simple, clavate,
1-150th in, long.

Length 1-100th in., diameter of trunk 1-10,000 in., branches 1-600th in.

Habitat.—Growing profusely in the ventriculus of Passalus cornutus, from
the mucous membrane. -

New Genus. CrypropEsMA.f

Filaments ribbon-like, growing from attached granular masses. Consisting of
a single cell, with a very delicate cell wall, and minute granular contents.

C. tenuis. Filaments hyaline, compressed, attenuated at both extremities,
growing injdense bunches from rounded granular masses. Cell wall very thin
and delicate, granular contents of cell very fine and indistinct, measuring from
1-10,000th in. to 1-6000th in., with a few coarser granules, and occasionally a
few globules, measuring 1-1875th in.

Dimensions. Length of filaments 1-500th in. to 1-75th in.; greatest breadth
1-1700th in.

Habitat.—Grows in profusion from the mucous membrane of the ventriculus
of Passalus cornutus.

Besides the foregoing, I have found numerous free or floating entophyta in the
contents, usually of the posterior part of the alimentary canal, in mammalia,
aves, reptilia, pisces, mollusca, insecta, &c. These, at present, I do not feel at
liberty to describe as new or particular, from my want of acquaintance with
cryptogamic botany. A number of them, I have no doubt, if not peculiar, at
least continue to grow luxuriantly in the intestinal canal; such are various
Mycoderma, &c.; others very probably are swallowed with the food, and pass
from the intestinal canal unchanged. Numerous drawings of these I exhibit to
the Academy, and propose leaving them to future investigation, or to the con-
sideration of cryptogamic botanists, being a field well worthy of their researches.
I also have a number of others, the character of which is peculiarly entophytic ;
but these I have not yet studied out nor figured, but hope to present descrip-
tions of them to the Academy in a very short time.

*Kepive clava; Kaadye. tKpurris, occultus ; deux, fascis.

1849.] 251

The Recording Secretary read the following report :

REPORT
OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY.
For 1848, 749.

As there is no Report of the Recording Secretary for the year 1848 entered
upon the Minutes of the Academy, it will be proper to ‘give a short account of
the Transactions of the Society during the last two years.

There were elected, during 1848, fourteen Resident Members and eae -five
Correspondents ; and during 1849, eight Resident Members and six Corres
pondents. In the former year a corrected list of the Members and Correspon-
dents was published, which comprises 102 Life Members, and 143 Members
paying annually: of these, 63 are deceased; and 518 Correspondents, of whom
85 are deceased. Since the publication of the list, one member has resigned,
and another, Benjamin J. Kern, M. D., is deceased.

From October, 1847, to the end of the last year, besides numerous minor com-
munications, there have been fifty principal ones made to the Academy and
published in its Proceedings, as follows: in General Natural History, one by Dr.
Morton, two by Dr. Hallowell, two by Dr. Bachman, one by Dr. Michel, two by
Dr. Keller, and ten by Dr. Leidy ; in Mammalogy, one by Dr. Gambel; in Orni-
thology, ten by Mr. Cassin, two by Dr. Gambel, and one by Major McCall; in
Herpetology, four by Dr. Hallowell; in Paleontology, one by Mr. Lea and three
by Dr. Leidy; in Conchology, two by Mr. Conrad; in Entomology, three by
Mc. Haldeman, one by Miss Morris, two by Dr. Savage, and one by Mr. Daw-
son; in Botany, one by Mr. Nuttall; and in Geology, one by Mr. Pease.

With the beginning of 1848, a new series of the Journal of the Academy, in
quarto form, was commenced, and to it, during the past two years, there have been
twenty-seven articles contributed, as follow: in General Natural History, one by
Dr. Morton, one by Dr. Meigs, and two by Dr. Leidy; in Ornithology, five by Mr.
Cassin and two by Dr. Gambel; in Herpetology, one by Prof. Baird ; in Concholo-
gy, two by Mr. Conrad; in Entomology, two by Mr. Haldeman and two by Dr.
Le Conte; in Botany, one by Mr. Nuttall; and in Palzontology, four by Dr.
Gibbes, two by Mr. Conrad, one by Mr. Tuomey, and one by Prof. Owen. The
publication of the Journal hereafter will be much assisted by an annual income
derived from a legacy of two thousand dollars, bequeathed for that purpose to
the Academy in 1848, by the late Mrs. Elizabeth Stott, of this city.

During the same year the following amendment was made to the By-Laws,

iz.: “Chap. VIII. Art. IX. The Museum of the Academy shall be open to the
gratuitous admission of the public on the afternoons of Tuesday and Friday from
one o'clock until sunset.” And during the last year the following amendment,
‘yiz.: “Chap. VI. Art. I. There shall be fifteen standing committees, viz.—
1, The Ethnological Committee; 2, the Committee on Comparative Anatomy
and General Zoology ; 3, Committee on Mammalogy ; 4,0n Ornithology; 5, on
Herpetology and Ichthyology; 6, on Conchology ; 7, on Entomology; 8, on
Botany ; 9, on Paleontology; 10, on Geology and Mineralogy ; 11, on Physics;
12, on the Library ; 13, on the Proceedings; 14, the Auditors; each to consist

252 [Dec.

of three members ; and 15, the Publication Committee, to consist of five mem-
bers; whose term of service shall be one year. And all these, except the
Auditors and Publication Committee, shall be elected at the last meeting in
January of each year.”

After these alterations, a new edition of the Act of Incorporation and By-Laws
was published by order of the Academy.

With these few statistics, etc. of the transactions of the Academy, the Secre-
tary will conelude by stating, that the Society was never in a more flourishing
condition than at present, as is plainly indicated in its published Proceedings.
The Library and Museum have received, and continue to receive, constant large
and valuable additions, as may be seen upon referring to the reports of the
Librarian and Curators.

Josep Leipy,
Recording Secretary,

December 25, 1849. pro tempore.

The Treasurer read the annual report, which was referred to the
Auditors.

The Librarian read the following report :—

REPORT
OF THE LIBRARIAN,
For the year 1849.

In presenting the annual report on the state of the Library, the Librarian again
embraces the opportunity afforded him, of congratulating the Society on the
continued advancement which his department has made in the present year.

The additions to the Library will fully bear comparison in all respects with
those of any previous year, as the following table will exhibit, in which they
have been arranged in the usual form.

, jog. . |ooe.
3 (858 3 |ste
es m So. a as ~ or a
© IsHe |S S eff |s
alfa2 | = SelceS 15
4e8ee |4 42\se_ |
Ele ees 8 Bere es| 8
Zz |e 2 PS) By 5 \senal 3
General Natural History,:--| 90 19 14 Brought over---------- 445) 223
Mammalogy,-----+----+++--- 20 5)|Physical Sci. and Chemistry,, 5
Ornithology,----+++-++-++-- 47 69 3\|Medicine,------+-+-++«+-+++0+ 11
Herpetology,--+----+-+-++++-- 9 4)\Trans and Proceed. of Soc.,
Ichthyology,--+-+-++++++++ 13 8|| Annals, Journals, &c.----- 238} 269
Entomology and Crustacea,| 69 26 12|| Voyages and Trayels,------- 82 30
Conchology and Helmintho- History,.-+--------+---+-++- 2
9 Se 32 54 15|| Biosraphy,.----------—---- 2
Botany, +--+ eres ee eee eeeee 35 27 8)| Antiquities,---------------- 2
Geology,:---+++++eeereeeeee 60 18 22||Geography,.-------+-+----+- 1
Miueralogy,- ----+++++-+++++ 10 7||Bibliography,.------------++ 9
Anatoi y and Physiology,.--| 60 10 17|| Education,-++---+++++-+-+-- 2
— — || Miscellaneous,.------«+----- 1
445) 223 | 115 ——

1849.] 253

Of these, there were derived from authors 68; from editors 25; from mem-
bers, correspondents, &c. 150; from Societies and Corporations 59; from Dr.
Wilson 1158; making an aggregate of 1460 additions to the Library in 1849.

The additions in 1847 amounted to 1072; in 1848 to 1349, and in the present
year exceeding the last by 111.

With one exception these have been the most prosperous years for the Library
since the foundation of the Institution. In these three years the additions have
amounted to 3881; of which, 2773 are due to Dr. Wilson, and the remainder,
1108, have been deviced from other sources.

The Librarian has renewed gratification in calling attention to the continued
liberality during the year of Dr. Wilson. The Library has always received a
large share of the interest and zeal which this gentleman has steadily manifested
for the Institution, and the results have been recorded on our minutes almost
weekly for several years past, in the long list of varied, well selected, and
highly practical works which he has placed upon its shelves.

Until within a short period, these works have been entrusted to the Society
for the benefit of the members, without other restrictions than such as its rules,
and a due regard for the property, required. Dr. Wilson has, however, thought
proper to convert this splendid collection from a deposit into a donation, and I
have now the pleasure of announcing to the Society that we shall soon be in
possession of the whole collection, on the single condition that the use of the
works be restricted to the Hall: none of them, therefore, wiil be loaned from
the Hall on any pretext whatever. The numerous works in Mineralogy and
Geology, Entomology, Herpetology and Ichthyology, Conchology, Botany,
General Natural History, Mammalogy, Voyages and Travels, and the Periodicals
have already been presented. The remainder will follow as the time and leisure
of the donor will admit of his preparing the lists.

Among the additions this year are a number of works on Conchology, obtained
by‘purchase with the proceeds of the sale of several copies of Say’s Conchology,
tor which latter the Society is indebted to the liberality of Mrs. Lucy W. Say,
by whose instructions the fund is thus appropriated. We are under obligations
also this year, to Professor Agassiz, for a donation of numerous quarto volumes
of the Transactions of two Swiss Natural History Societies ; and to our venerable
President, William Hembel, Esq., for a valuable and scarce work in 41 vols. 8vo.
the Transactions of the London Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manu-
factures and Commerce. Dr. Wilson’s donation of the Transactions of the Royal
Society of London complete from the origin of the publication in 1665, to the
middle of 1849, in 119 quarto vols., with the abridgement of the same, from 1665
to 1800, in 18 quarto vols., by Hutton, Shaw and Pearson, has been received with
the highest gratification by the members.

In the last report, it was stated that further accommodations for the Books
would soon be required, the space in the present apartment becoming rapidly
occupied. This necessity has since greatly increased, and, in consequence a
plan has been submitted to the Society, and received its sanction, for adapting
one of the adjoining rooms to the purposes of a Library. The floor of this room,
and that of the entry beyond, will be lowered to a level with the present
Library, and laid on iron joist, with intervening brick arches, and a gallery,con-
structed similar to, and communicating with, that in the same. The work will

O54 [Dec.,

be commenced forthwith, and will be completed in a few weeks. The building,
with the exception of one room, will then be perfectly fire-proof. When this
improvement has been finished, did a new arrangement and distribution of the
Library made, the exact No. of vols. &c. in each department, with the aggregate,
which it was intended to have appended to the present report, will be made
known to the Society.

Wm. S. Zanrzineer,
Hall of the Academy, Dec. 25, 1849. Librarian.

; Dr. Leidy, Chairman of the Curators, read the annual report as fol-
OWS :

REPORT
OF THE CURATORS
For 1849.

It is with much pleasure the Curators, in presenting their Annual Report, can
say that the collections of the Academy, during the year 1849, have increased to
such an extent as to be indicative of a continuance of the extraordinary prosperity
which it enjoyed the two preceding years. Most of the departments have been
enriched through donation and deposit, with many rare and valuable objects.

Since the presentation of the last report of the Curators, there has been con-
structed a line of horizontal, centrally vertical, double cases, down the centre of
the Hall, for the further accommodation of the paleontological collection; a
large, deep, horizontal, double case at the east endof the same, for the reception
of the larger specimens of organic remains; a line of horizontal cases on the
outside of the railing of the lower gallery, on each side of the Hall, for contain-
ing the Oological collection ; and several vertical cases, occupying the landing
of the stair-case in the south-east corner, for the extension, of the Ornithological
collection.

A short account of the increase in the Museum during the past year we give
under the head of each department.

Mammalogy.—tIn this department, during the past year, we have received 22
species of Mammalia, among which may be particularly mentioned the original
specimen, described by Dr. Harlan, of Chlamyphorus truncatus, a magnificent
albino deer, Cervus virginianus, presented by Dr. Wilson, and a fine Ornitho-
rynchus paradoxus, presented by Dr. Michael.

Ornithology.—A special report upon this extensive department of our Museum
has been prepared by Mr. Cassin, on which account it is unnecessary for us to
make any remark upon it, except that during the past year there have been added
to it, from other sources than Dr. Wilson, 61 species, 76 specimens of birds.

In Oology we have been enriched by the deposit from Dr. Wilson of two very
large and celebrated collections of birds’ eggs. The first of these is a general
and very extensive collection, made through a long period of time, and at great
expense and trouble, by M. O. Des Murs, of Paris. This contains 1281 species,
2449 specimens, and 10 nests, of which 1041 species are determined. The
second is a collection of birds’ eggs, exclusively of Australia, made by Mr. John

1849.] 255

Gould of London. It comprises 303 species, 976 specimens, and 33 nests, of
which 295 species are determined.

In the latter collection of eggs are 58 species contained in the former ; deduct-
ing these, the number of species in the two collections amounts to 1526, of
which 1278 are determined. The whole number of specimens in the two col-
lections is 4425.

When we consider the difficulty of obtaining and determining oological
specimens, the delicacy required in their preparation, and the care necessary
for their preservation in transportation, we may in some measure form an esti-
mate of the value of this rich deposit.

Besides the above, we have received from several of the members 12 species
and 15 specimens of birds’ eggs, and 9 species of nests.

Herpetology and Ichthyology—tIn the past year these collections were re-
moved, and rearranged upon the flying gallery of theeast basementroom. Du-
ring the same time we have received 20 species, 50 specimens of reptilia, and
8 species, 11 specimens of fishes, among the latter of which is a very beautiful
specimen of Lepidosteus ferox, Raf., from the Mississippi, presented by Mr-
J. D. Anderson, of New Orleans.

Mollusca.—In this department, the donations during the past year are
unparalleled in America. To our generous and excellent fellow member, Dr.
R. E. Griffith, we owe lasting gratitude for the splendid gift of 4907 species,
over 12,000 specimens of shells, being the private collection made by this gen-
tleman at much cost and pains, during a long series of years. To Dr. T. B-
Wilson we are indebted, as ever, for the donation of 1707 species, over 3500
specimens of shells.

These two collections comprise 5405 species, of which the odd 405 may be
cast off as duplicate, certainly not more, as we are informed by Dr. Griffith, who
is Chairman of the Conchological Committee, and is engaged in arranging this
department, which would leave a balance of 5000 different species.

From the Australian Museum, in exchange, we received 111 species, 328
specimens, Australian, New Zealand, and South Sea Island shells.

From various other sources 105 species, 204 specimens of shells, principally
presented by Mr. McAndrew, of England, Dr. Gould, of Boston, Mr. Thompson,
of Belfast, Ireland, and Mr. Watson, of S. Africa.

Insecta, Crustacea, and Arachnida.—The Entomological cabinet has received
the addition of 200 species of insects, principally from Mr. Hagedorn, the Bava-
rian Consul, and in exchange from the Australian Museum.

Of Crustacea there have been obtained, by exchange and presentation, 59 spe-
cies, 163 specimens, principally from M. E. Griffith, Mr. Thompson, of Belfast,
Ireland, and Dr. Wilson.

Of Arachnida we obtained 2 species, 4 specimens of Scorpio.

Radiata.—Of these we have received an unusually large number, viz., 112
species, 120 specimens, principally from Mr. Thompson in exchange ; the others
presented by different members of the society. Most of them are Echinodermata
and Polypi.

Comparative Anatomy.—To this part of our Museum an extensive addition
bas been made, through the liberality of our fellow-member Dr, P. B. Goddard,
consisting of 106 crania of mammalia, 30 do. birds, 4 do. reptiles, and 3 do. fishes ;

256 { Dec.

8 skeletons of mammalia, 6 do. birds, and 2 do. reptiles ; and 21 other interest-
ing pieces in comparative anatomy.

Dr. Wilson also extended this collection by the donation of 22 mounted skele-
tons of birds, principally Australian, and 5 other anatomical pieces.

Besides the foregoing, there have been deposited and presented 39 other
crania and pieces, principally by Dr. Morton.

Botany.—The herbarium has received the addition, through exchange and
donation, of 160 species of Cryptogamia.

Paleontology.—A large collection of organic remains has been added to the
Museum by Dr. Wilson, consisting of 658 species, 1552 specimens of British
fossils, many of which are very beautiful and rare.

From other sources we have received 197 fossils, principally from Messrs.
Verreaux of Paris, Budd, McMinn and Morton.

A few weeks since our sister institution, the American Philosophical Society,
passed a resolution to deposit its Collection of Organic Remains with the
Academy. The large number of mammalian remains in this collection renders it
one of the most important deposits which has yet been made to our Museum.
When received, a more particular account of it will be given.

Mineralogy and G'eology.—The eabinet of Mineralogy contains over 3700
labelled specimens, exclusive of rocks. During the past year there were re-
ceived 206 specimens, chiefly from Messrs. Moss, Verreaux and Wilson.

We will finish this brief report by stating that the collections in all the de-
partments are, at the present time, in a good state of preservation, and are
gradually undergoing arrangement by the different committees.

JosepH LEIDy,
December 25th, 1849. Chairman of Curators.

Mr. Cassin, from the Curators, read the following special report on
the state of the Ornithological collection:

At the request of the Chairman of the Curators of this Academy, the under-
signed begs leave to offer a Special Report upon the department of Ornithology
in which, as Curator, he has been exclusively engaged.

Having had the honor of submitting a report of a similar character at the
annual meeting in December 1847, I have now the pleasure of stating that the
following collections, which had been partly received or were about to be re-
ceived at that period, have arrived, and have been completely arranged in our
Ornithological Galleries, within the past two years; viz. the very extensive col-
lection of the Prince Massena of Paris, the collection of Mr. Bourcier of Lyons,
Dr. Gambel’s North American collection, and all the very valuable and interest-
ing collections obtained by purchase and exchange in Europe by Mr. Edward
Wilson; while of the Australian collection of the distinguished Ornithologist
Mr. Gould, about two-thirds of the birds, and the entire collection of nests and
eggs, have been received. The detention of the latter, has arisen from the fact
that it was found expedient to have the specimens mounted in Europe, the col-
lection having been in skin at the time of purchase.

1849.] 257

It is perhaps unnecessary for me to again allude to the high scientific value of
these collections or to the excellent condition in which they have reached their
destination; I may state merely that all have fully answered the expectations of
the gentlemen of this Academy, and have afforded great instruction and gratifica-
tion to Zoologists and admirers of Natural History from all sections of our coun-
try. I beg toadd that the extensive collections formed in the cities of Europe,
expressly for this Society, by Mr. Edward Wilson, at the instance of his brother,
eur esteemed associate, Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, have proved to be of special inter-
est. These were intended to supply deficiencies in the already comprehensive col-
lections just named, an undertaking which appeared to me, I confess, very difficult
at least, if not hopeless, but Mr. Wilson’s success has been most remarkable. I
have frequently alluded to his specimens in the papers which I have had the honor
at various times of submitting to the Society ; itis sufficient to say further, that in
the course of my examinations of species, when I have found, as has often been
the case, aspecimen in an unusual stage of plumage, or some odd looking variety,
serving the most useful purpose of illustration, it was pretty certain to turn out
to be one of Mr. Wilson’s collecting. To him we are also indebted for several un-
described species, and a large number new fo the collection.

Our valued associate Mr. Edward Harris has presented to the Academy, during
the past year, his entire collection. This was formed during the long period of
his connection with Mr. Audubon, and embraces many specimens of the various
species described by the latter gentleman, and of many other rare or little known
American species ; in fact, never since the arrival of Dr. Townsend from the
Columbia river, in 1837, has a collection come into the possession of this Society
of a character so interesting to the student of North American Ornithology.
The peculiar character of Mr. Harris’ collection will readily be perceived when
I state that it contains the original specimens of several of the species described
by Mr. Audubon, such as Quiscalus Breweri, Sturnella neglecta, Fringilla Har-
risii and Lincolnii, Alauda Spraguei, Emberiza Bairdii, and Vireo Belli, numer-
ous specimens of Emberiza pallida and grammaca, Fringilla aurocapilla, amcena
and Townsendii, Pica hudsonica and Nuttallii, Alauda rufa, Erythrospiza fron-
talis, Sturnella hippocrepis, Pipilo oregona and arctica, Hirundo thalassina
Sialia arctica and occidentalis, Tyrannula Saya, Parus melanotis, Troglodytes
brevirostris and obsoletus, Vermivora Tolmzi, Lophortix plumifera. Tetrao ob-
scurus and phasianellus, and many others equally difficult to obtain.

I must specially mention, however, a series of no less than 25 specimens of
the intricately allied species of Colaptes, which inhabit our Western territory,
referable to C. auratus, mexicanus, and Ayresii, which illustrates the judicious
manner in which Mr. Harris formed his collection, and is additional, though
unnecessary evidence of his excellent judgment in Ornithological science.

The distinguished naturalist, Mr. J. J. Audubon, has presented the original
specimen of Caprimulgus Nuttallii, Aud., and Colaptes Ayresii, Aud., both of
which are valuable additions, and the former, as yet, an unique specimen of a
very remarkable species from California.

A collection of Asiatic birds, and an extensive collection of nests and eggs, have
been presented by Professor Spencer F. Baird of Dickinson College. A collection
of nests and eggs being then about to be formed in connexion with our Ornitho-
logical collection, this donation was peculiarly acceptable, and evinces thé con-

258 (Dec.

as

tinued desire of this talented and eccomplished young naturalist to serve this
Academy.

Wm. Gambel, M. D., has presented numerous specimens, among which are
suites of specimens of Merula minor (Gm.), Wilsonii (Bonap.), and olivaceus
(Giraud.), and other obscure American species ; in the study and elucidation of
which he has been eminently successful.

A. L. Heermann, M. D., has presented a large collection of eggs, collected by
bim in Florida, and numerous specimens of birds from the same locality. Of the
latter I may enumerate as possessing especial interest, several specimens of Cy-
mindis hamatus, Less., Vireo longirostris, Sw., Thalasseus regius, Gambel, Ster-
nula frenata, Gambel, and also numerous specimens of Ardea rufescens, Gm., and
of Ardea Pealei, Bonap., representing various stages of plumage, and demonstra-
ting that the latter is a distinct species as originally described by Mr. Bonaparte.

W. S. Jones, M. D., of Riceboro, Georgia, has deposited the original and yet
unique specimen of Picus Lecontei, Jones, a curious little tridactyle species dis-
covered by him in Georgia, and possessing great interest as an addition to the
fauna of this country.

Another addition to our fauna, the Anas Rafflesii, King, has been made this
year, by E. Pilate, M. D., of Opelousas, Louisiana, a specimen of which, being
the first ever observed within the limits of the United States, has been pre-
sented by him to this Society.

A specimen of Strix flammea, Linn., from Western Africa, very interesting on
account of its locality, has been presented by our esteemed correspondent Mr.
George N. Lawrence, of New York.

The Academy has also to acknowledge its indebtedness to Mrs. John B. Smith
of this city, for a beautiful specimen of Nycthemerus pictus, (Linn.); to C.
Wistar, M. D., for an interesting specimen of a dwarf variety of the common
fowl; to Mr. William Ayr for a specimen of the Egretta alba, (Linn.)—to our
valued associate Mr. Samuel Ashmead for various specimens collected by him
at Cape May: to John G. Howard for two living specimens of Columbia
cyanocephala, Linn., brought by him from Cuba, expressly for the Academy,
and for other donations.

One of the most remarkable as well as valuable additions recently made to
the Ornithological collection is the extensive collection of nests and eggs formed
by Mons. O. des Murs, of Paris, author of the “Iconographie Ornithologique,”
now in the course of publication, and well known as an Ornithologist. This
splendid collection, like nearly the whole of the present contents of our Orni-
thological galleries, came into possession of this Society through the influence
of Messrs. Thomas B. and Edward Wilson. It embraces no less than 3450 spe-
cimens, being the eggs of 1281 species, from all parts of the world, in very per-
fect condition, many of which are to be obtained only with great difficulty.

I may be allowed to state in connexion with this subject, that Mr. Gould's
collection of eggs previously alluded to, contain 976 specimens, or 303 species.
The entire collection now in the Museum of the Academy, is but partially
arranged, but deducting duplicates, it may safely be estimated as containing the
eggs of about 1500 species, about 1200 of which are named.

I consider it proper to state here, that in the arrangement of the collection re-
sulting from the combination of those above mentioned, the collection previously

1849.] 259

belonging to this Society has been carefully preserved. This will be found to
contain not only many specimens of rare scientific value, (such as the original
specimens of the species discovered by Dr. Townsend, many rare Mexican species
from Dr. Burrough, and the fine Surinam collection from Dr. Hering) but also
many highly prized mementoes of the friends and associates of our Society, to
whose kind exertions the formation of the nucleus of our present extensive col-
lection is to be attributed, such as Dr. Marmaduke Burrough, Dr. Ralph Ham-
mersly, Mr. Thomas Ryan, Dr. George C. Leib, Dr. Wm. Blanding, Mr. Wm. Hem-
bel, Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger, Dr. S. G. Morton, Dr. C. Hering, Dr. Jno. K.
Townsend, Mr. W. S. Warder, Dr. J. Trudeau, Dr. A. L. Heermann, Dr, E. A.
Abadie, Dr. C. Huffnagle, Mr. Richard C. Taylor, Mr. J. W. Rulon, Dr. Gayin
Watson, Mr. Wm. S. Vaux, Dr. Thomas McEuen, Mr. John Speakman, Mr. A.
F. Darley, Mr. Geo. W. Carpenter, Mr. Thomas Fisher, Mr. W. A. Foster, Dr. P.
B. Goddard, Dr. C. W. Pennock, Mr. Robert Pearsall, Mr. J. Price Wetherill,
Dr. S. W. Woodhouse, Mr. Samuel Ashmead, Mr. John G. Bell, and many
others.

There is at present another large addition about being made to the collection
of which a few specimens have already arrived. Itis a collection formed during
several years residence in the interior of India, by Captain Boys, of the British
Army, and contains about 1000 specimens, among which are many new and rare
objects. It is now in the hands of Mr. Gould, who wishes to make drawings of
various specimens for his forthcoming work on the birds of Asia, and will pro-
bably arrive in the course of the ensuing year.

There is also now in the possession of the Academy and intended for its
Museum, though not yet presented, a valuable collection made by our fellow
member Mr. E. L. Kern, who has been attached as artist to several of the expe-
ditions of Col. Fremont, and is now in California. This was collected by Mr.
Kern during the expedition of 1845, and contains numerous specimens of such
interesting species as Cathartes Californianus, Archibuteo regalis, Athene hypu-
gea, Nucifraga Columbiana and Cyanocephala, (De Weid), Picus scalaris and
melanopogon, Cyanocorax californicus and coronatus, Columba fasciata, Frin-
gilla oregona, Paris minimus, septentrionalis and montanus, and many others.

Arrangements for further additions have also been completed, which will en-
sure all attainable desiderata arriving in the cities of Paris and London, and
arrangements for exchange or purchase have been completed or are now in
progress with several distinguished ornithologists, or with commercial natural-
ists in other parts of Europe; and I may state in addition, that our Museum will
without doubt be further enriched by the researches of several of our members
who have availed themselves of facilities at present existing for visiting Cali-
fornia ; among whom are Messrs. E. W. and R. H. Kern, who were attached to
the late unfortunate expedition of Col. Fremont, Dr. Heermann, Mr. J. G. Bell
and Dr. Gambel, and also by the acquisitions of one of our own most talented
and enterprising young naturalists Dr. S. W. Woodhouse, now absent upon a
government expedition to the Arkansas river.

I am enabled to state that the number of specimens of birds actually exhibited
in the Museum of this Academy at the date of this Report, (Dec. 25th, 1849.) is
nineteen thousand seven hundred and seventy-one (19,771). The number of
species cannot at present be ascertained, but I hope to present such information

260 [Dec.,

~

to the Society at the earliest possible period ; I should state, too, that several
thousand duplicates are not exhibited.

The labelling and preparations for a catalogue of this immense collection are
constantly progressing. The necessary investigations for these purposes have
been found to embrace the examination of the descriptions of all known species,
as far as practicable, and very frequently involve critical comparisons of both
descriptions and specimens, which require the most diligent and cautious re-
search. In fact, the proper study of the collection of the Academy will be found
to demand little short of a general survey of the whole Ornithological kingdom,
as well as the entire literature of Ornithology, which it is hoped will be re-
garded as sufficient apology for any apparent tardiness on the part of those
engaged in that department.

Respectfully submitted by
Joun Cassin, Curator.

Hall of the Academy, December 25th, 1849.

The Society then went into an election for officers for the ensuing
year, with the following result :—

President, , ; - : SAMUEL GEORGE Morton, M.D.
Vice Presidents, 4 ‘ . J. Price Wetherill,

R. Eglesfeld Griffith, M. D.
Corresponding Secretary, ; John Cassin.
Recording Secretary, : - Samuel Powel.
Librarian, Wn. §, Zantzinger, M. D.
Treasurer, . : ‘ : George W. Carpenter.
Curators, Joseph Leidy, M. D.

Ww. S. Vaux,

Samuel Ashmead,
John Cassin,

Auditors, : : : é Wn. 8. Vaux,
Robert Pearsall,
Samuel Ashmead.

Publication Committee, . ; Wm. S. Vaux,
R. E. Griffith,
S. G. Morton,
Thomas B. Wilson,
R. Bridges, M. D.

Election of Member and Correspondents.

Ww. Robertson Grant, M. D., of Philadelphia, was elected a Member ;
and Mr. Wm. 8. Sharpey, of London, and Mr. John D. Goodsir, of
Edinburg, were elected Correspondents.

1849.] 261

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM.
In NovemsBer and DecemBer, 1849.

November 6th.

Skin of Estrelda amandava. From Mr. Thomas Desilver.

Mactra grandis, from Newport, R. I. From Dr. Morton.

Two hundred and seventy-five species of Fossils from the London Clay, Gault,
Spectron Clay, and Oolite of Great Britain. From Dr. Wilson.

One hundred and fifty-four additional species from the Bennett collection.
From the same.

November 13th.

A collection of Ferns from the Province of Veraguas, New Grenada. From
Richard C. Taylor, Esq.

Coluber sirtalis, from the vicinity of Philadelphia. From Dr. Watson.

A collection of Fossils, principally Silurian, from Centre county, Pennsylva-
nia. From Mr. J. M. McMinn.

Cranium of a Charib, from the Island of Nassau. Deposited by Dr. Morton.

November 20th.

Specimen of Testudinaria elephantopus, from South Africa. From Mr. John
Watson, through Dr. Watson.

Pickeringite, Alcaparosa, Hydro-borate of Magnesia, and Nitrate of Soda, from
Peru. From Dr. Joseph Leidy.

Numerous specimens, in spirits, of an insect, vulgarly termed ‘‘ Snow bug,
snow flea,’’ &c., taken from the surface of the snow, Feb. 18, 1849, on the moun-
tains, Centre Co., Pennsylvania. From Mr.J.M. McMinn of Centre county,
Pennsylvania.

A Finnish skull, a Sclavonic from Moravia, and a cast of another from Wal-
lachia, and a Narraganset Indian from the same. Deposited by Dr. S. G.
Morton.

December 4th.

Siren lacertina, a Scorpio, and a Hippocampus, from South Carolina. From
Dr. Bernard Henry.
A collection of Coleoptera, in spirits. From Dr. Watson.

December 18th.

Two specimens of Trigonocephalus contortrix, and one of Heterodon simus.
From Dr. Watson.

Massive specimen of Brown Garnet, from Sussex county, New Jersey. De-
posited by Mr. Vaux.

Three hundred and forty-eight specimens of Fossils from the coal formations
of Great Britain; 32 do. from the Carboniferous Limestone of do.; 61 do. from
the Magnesian Limestone of do.; 345 do. from the London Clay of do.; also six
specimens of Calymene Blumenbachii from the Dudley Limestone of Great
Britain. Presented by Dr. Wilson.

Dr. Wilson also presented 1596 species of recent shells of the following

enera:
; Nautilus, 2 species; Argonauta, 7; Carinaria, 1 ; Cleodora, 2; Conus, 165;
Cyprea, 84; Ovulum, 10; Cymba, 3; Melo, 7; Voluta, 31 ; Oliva, 61; Ancil-
laria, 16 ; Marginella, 55; Erato, 3; Mitra, 137; Columbella, 70; Eburna, 3 ;
Terebra, 50; Nassa, 61 ; Buccinum, 65 ; Planaxis, 12 ; Mangelia, 3 ; Strombus, 34;
Oniscia, 2; Pterocera, 3; Rostellaria, 1 ; Struthiolaria, 2 ; Murex, 71; Ranella,
25 ; Triton, 50 ; Dolium, 3; Magilus, 1; Harpa, 4 ;Monoceros, 5 ; Purpura, 5 ;
Ricinula, 19; Cassis, 19 ; Cerithium, 53 ; Turritella, 19 ; Turbinella, 15; Fas-

36

262 [ Dec.

violaria, 9; Fusus, 34; Pyrula, 16; Pleurotoma, 39 ; Cancellaria, 21; Phasianella;
2; Littorina, 33; Margarita, 3; Turbo, 31 ; Trochus, 85 ; Rotella, 8 ; Phorus, 3;
Solarium, 9; Delphinula, 12; Scalaria, 28 ; Eulima, 4; Rissoa, 34.

Dr. Robert E. Griffith presented 3698 species of recent Shells, of the following
genera :

Perna, 14 species ; Malleus, 2; Avicula, 13; Lima, 9; Hinnita,1; Pecten, 60,
Plicatula, 2; Spondylus, 15: Ostrea, 23; Vulsella, 2; Placuna, 2; Anomia, 9 :
Terebratula, 10; Lingula, 2 ; Orbicula, 2; Crania, 1; Hyalwa, 6; Cleodora, 1;

Chiton, 45 ; Patella, 63 ; Siphonaria, 6; Lottia, 2; Dentalium, 9 ; Cemoria, 2;
Umbrella, 2; Parmaphorus, 2; Emarginula, 10; Fissurella, 37; Pileopsis, 5;
Hipponix, 8; Calyptrwa, 10 ; Dispotwa, 14 ; Crepidula, 20; Ancylus, 7; Bullea,
1; Bulla, 38; Aplysia, 1; Vitrina, 3; Helix, 475; Helicina, 21; Pupina, 1:
Pupa, 72; Clausillia, 85 ; Bulimus, 102 ; Partula, 7; Achatinella, 22 ; Achatina,
38; Succinea, 20 ; Atricula, 32; Ringicula, 1; Scarabeus, 4; Cyclostoma, 68 ;
Truncatella, 8 ; Planorbis, 52; Physa, 22; Lymnza, 50 ; Melania, 130; Ancalosa,
22; Eulima, 6; Io, 2; Melanopsis, 9; Rissoa, 20; Pirena, 16; Valvata, 9; Pal-
udina, 64; Fossarus, 1; Ampullaria, 20; Ampullacera, 1; Navicella, 3; Neri-
tina, 91; Natica, 65; Ianthina,4; Velutina, 3; Sigaretus, 9; Stomatia, 2:
Haliotis, 32 ; Tornatella, 6; Pyramidella, 8; Vermetus, 5 ; Scalaria, 20; Skenea,
1; Delphinula, 7; Solarium, 9; Rotella, 5 ; Littorina, 32; Turbo, Trochus and
Monodonta, 216; Planaxis, 6; Monoptygma,1; Phasianella, 14; Turritella,
18 ; Cerithium, 64; Pleurotoma, 58; Turbinella, 32 ; Cancellaria, 16; Fascio-
laria, 12; Fusus, 66; Pyrula, 24; Struthiolaria, 1; Ranella, 40; Murex, 61:
Triton, 43 ; Rostellaria, 6 ; Pterocera, 10: Strombus, 66 ; Cassidaria, 8 ; Cassis,
28 ; Ricinula, 26 ; Purpura, 115; Trichotropis, 1; Monoceros, 10; Conchole-
phas, 1; Harpa, 9; Dolium, 14; Buccinum, 97; Eburna, 4; Terebra, 30; Co-
lumbella, 48 ; Mitra, 70; Voluta, 26 ; Marginella, 34; Ovula, 9 ; Cyprea, 136;
Terebellum, 1; Ancillaria, 5; Oliva, 75 ; Conus, 150; Spirula, 1 ; Nautilus, 2:
Argonauta, 4; Sepia, 1.

bo
o>
o9

1849.]

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.
In NovemBER AND DeEcEmBer, 1849.
November 6th.

Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 5, No. 43. April
to September, 1849. From the Society.

Descriptions of forty-four supposed new species and varieties of operculated
land-shells, from Jamaica. By C. B. Adams. From the Author.

Revision of the North American Tailed-Batrachia, with descriptions of new
genera and species. By Spencer F. Baird. From the Author.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on condition that they be not
taken from the Hall:

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. Par MM. Guerin-Meneville et Focilion. No.
7, for 1849.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 29. Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8.

The London Athenzum, for September, 1849.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 4. Second Series. No. 20.

Elements of British Entomology. By W. E. Shuckard. Part 1. 8vo.

Reports of the Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Seciety of Liv-
erpool, from 1845 to 1848 inclusive.

Reports of the Committee of the Liverpool Royal Institution, from 1837 to
1849 inclusive.

Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Literary and Philosophical Society at
Kingston upon Hull, for the session ending May, 1848.

An Essay on the credibility of the existence of the Kraken, Sea Serpent, and
other Sea monsters.

First Report of the Liverpool Natural History Society.

Address delivered at the meeting of the Proprietors of the Liverpool Royal
Institution, Feb., 1825.

Proceedings of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, for 1847 and 1848.

De Musca-Cerambyce seu Cerambyce spurio. Epistola J. C. Schefferi.

A decade of curious insects; some of them not described before. By J. Hill,

Lectures on Erpetology ; delivered at the British Institution, by Dr. Riley.

Die gattung Torpedo in ihren naturhistorischen und antiquarischen Be-
ziehungen erlautert. VonJ. F. M. v. Olfus. 4to.

Zur Naturgeschichte der Gattung Calandra, nebst Beschreibung einer neuen
Art: Calandra Sommeri. Von H. Burmeister.

Vorschlag zu einer neuen in die Classe der Glossaten einzufihrenden Gattung
Platypteryx. Von J. H Laspeyres.

Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Rankenflsser (Cirripedia). Von H. Bur-
meister.

An abstract of the characters of Ochsenheimer’s genera of the Lepidoptera of
Europe. By J. G. Children:

Dissertatio sistens conspectum Historie Entomologiw, &c. Auctor J. L. C,
Gravenhorst.
ns Dissertatio inauguralis de Coccionelle natura yiribus et usu. Auctore J. G.

inck.
ie. account of the rare fish Regulus glisne, caught off Cullercoats, 25th March,

Remarks on the Linnean Orders of Insects, forming a short and familiar-
introduction to the study of Entomology. By a member of the Manchester
Natural History Society.

Joh. Caspar Fucklin’s Verzeichness der ihm bekannter Schweizerisched In-.
sekten. 4 to.

264 [ Dec.

ig D. Philipp Jermin’s Abhandlungen von der Surinamischen Kréte oder Pipa,

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday. Part 31.

Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. 1. Part 2.

: Philosophical Transactions {of the Royal Society of London. 1841—1845.
to.

Observationes Oryctognostice et Chemicw de Hauyna, et de quibusdam fos-
silibus quas cum hee concreta inveniuntur. Auctore Leopold Gmelin.

Entdeckung einer dem Kreuz-steine. Von F. A. von Heinitz.

Traité Physique et Microscopique de 1’Asbeste, l’Amiante le Lin de Pierre
ou de Terre et de quelques autres fossiles qui y ont du rapport. Traduit de
l’Allemand de feu M. F. Ledemuller.

Berichte von der Kéniglichen Zootomischen Anstalt zu Wurzburg. Von Dr.
A. Kolliker.

: An essay towards a natural history of Serpents. By Charles Owen, D. D.
to.

Petri Artedi Synonymia Piscium Greca et Latina emendata, &c. Auctore
J.G. Schneider. 4to.

Monographie Curculionum, Caraborum et Staphylinorum Suecie. A. Gus-
tavo de Paykull. (In one vol. 8vo.)

Transactions of the Manchester Geological Society. Vol. 1. 8vo.

Les Genres des Insectes de Linné ; constatis par divers échantillons d’Insectes
d’Angléterre. Par J. Barbut. 4to.

The Entomologist ; conducted by Edward Newman. 8vo.

An account of the Fishes of the River Ganges and its branches. By Francis
Hamilton, (formerly Buchanan,) M.D. 4to, and Atlas 4to.

The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology. By J. 0. Westwood, Esq. 4to.

British Butterflies and their transformations. By H. N. Humphreys and
J. O. Westwood. 4to.

Descriptions and figures of two hundred Fishes collected at Vizagapatam, on
the coast of Coromandel. By Patrick Russell, M. D. 2 vols. folio.

Verzeichniss meiner Insecten-Samlung oder Entomologische Handbuch fur
Liebhaber und Sammler. Von Jacob Sturm. 8vo.

M. T. Brinnichii Entomologia Hafniw. 1764. Monographia Tenthredineta-
oy Pa extricata. Auctore Am. Le Pelletier St. Fargeau. (In one
vol. 8vo.)

Petri Artedi Sueci medici Ichthyologia, sive opera omnia de Piscibus vindi-
eavit, recognovit, &c. Carolus Linneus, M. D. 8vo.

J. Bapt. Schluga, M. D., prime linex cognitionis Insectorum. 8vo.

Fossils of all kinds digested into a method suitable to their mutual relations
and affinity. By John Woodward, M.D. 8vo.

Instructions for collecting, rearing and preserving British and foreign Insects.
By Abel Ingpen. Second edition. 12mo.

Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. First
series. Vols. 1—5; Second series, Vols. 1, 2and5. 8vo.

Memoirs of the Wernerian Society for the years 1831-’37. Vol. 7. 8vo.

Reports of the British Association for the advancement of Science, from 1831
to 1845 inclusive, and also for 1848. 8vo.

Memoires pour servir 4 Vhistoire des Insectes. Par Charles De Geer. 7
vols. 4to.

Serpentium Brasiliensium species nov, ou histoire naturelle des éspéces
nouvelles de Serpens recueillies et observées pendant le voyage dans l’intérieur
du Brésil dans les Années 1819-’20: publié par Jean de Spix. 4to.

Animalia nova ; sive species nove Testudinum et Ranarum quas in itinere per
Brasiliam an. 1817-’20 suscepto, collegit et descripsit Dr. J. B. de Spix. 4to.

Illustrations of British Entomology. By James F. Stephens. Haustellata,
Vols. 1—4, Mandibulata, vols. 1—7, and Supplement. 8yo.

British Entomology: being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of
eo found in Great Britain and Ireland. By John Curtis. Vols. 1—16.

v0.

1349.] 265

November 13th.

The Medical Examiner, conducted by F. G. Smith, M. D. and David Tucker,
M. D. Vol. 5. Nos. 1 toll. January to November, 1849. From the
Editors.

On Platygonus compressus: a new fossil Pachyderm. By John L. Le Conte,
M. D. From the Author.

Notice sur le Crioceras Voronzovii de Sperk: par M. Fischer de Waldheim.
From the Author.

Catalogue of Skulls of Man and the Inferior Animals in the collection of 5. G.
Morton, M.D. Third edition 1849. From the Author. ;

Contributions to Physiology. By Bennett Dowler, M. D. From the
Author.

Contributions to Conchology, Nos. 2and 3. Descriptions of new Helicide
from Jamaica. By C. B. Adams. From the Author.

The American Journal of Science and Arts. Second series. No. 24. From the
Editors.

Descriptions and Analyses ofseveral American minerals. By B. B. Silliman,
Jr., M.D. From the Author.

Deutschlands Fauna, &c. Von Jacob Sturm: 5 Abtheilung. Die Insekten
19th Bandchen. From F. & J. W. Sturm.

Zum Andenken an Dr. J. Sturm. Von J. W. Hilpert. From the same.

Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition :

Museum diluvianum quod possidet J. J. Scheuchzer, M. D. 8vo.

Manuel élémentaire de Géologie appliquée 4 1’ Agriculture et 4 1’Industrie.
Par Nérée Boubee. 12mo.

Scriptural Geology. 2 vols. 8vo.

Guide de Géologie-voyageur. Par Ami Boué. 2 vols. 8vo.

Uebersicht der geognostichen Verhiltnisse Thiringens und des Harzes.

Die Riesenthiere der Urwelt oder das neuentdeckte Missourium Theriste
caulodon und die Mastodontoiden im Allgemeinen und Besondern. Von Dr.
Abert C. Koch. 8vo.

Beitriige zur fossilen Flora der Juraformation Wurttembergs. Von J. G.
Kurr.

Naturgeschichte des Niederdeutschlandes und anderen Gegenden. Von J. W.
C. A. Freyhernn von Hupsch. Part 1. 4to.

Eduardi Luidii Lythophylacei Britannici Ichnographia. 8vo.

Meditationes physico-chemice de origine Mundi, imprimis Geocosmi ejus-
damque Metamorphosa: conscripta a J. G. Wallerio. 8vo.

Palxologica zur Geschichte der Erde und ihrer Geschopfe. Von H. von Meyer.
8vo. «=

Outlines of an attempt to establish a knowledge of extraneous fossils, on
scientific principles. By Wm. Martin. 8vo.

Palzontographical Society. Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the London
clay, part 1, Chelonia, by Profs. Owen and Bell. Do. of the Eocene Mollusca.
By F. C. Edwards. Part 1. Cephalopoda, (in one vol. 4to.)

Beschreibung murkwirdiger Krauter-Abdriicke und Pflanzen Versteinerun-
gen, Ein Beitrag zur Flora der Vorwelt. Von E.F.vonSchlotheim. No.1. 4to.

Ueber das Gebirgssystem der Sierra Nevada und das Gebirge von Jaen im
Sudlichen Spanien. Von J. F. L. Hausmann.

Neue Gattungen fossilen Krebse aus Gebilden von bunten Sandstein bis in die
Kreide. Von H. von Meyer.

Hohen Messung einiger Oste und Berge-Zwischen Gotha und Coburg, &c.
Von K. E. A. Von Hoff.

Fossilia Aigyptiaca Musei Borgiani Velitris descripsit Gregorius Wad.

November 20th.

Insecta Caffraria annis 1838-45, a J. A. Wahlberg collecta ; descripsit C. H.
heer Part 1. Fascic 1. Coleoptera. 8vo. From Prof. Retzius, of Stock-
olm.

266 [Dec.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition :

Extrait du cours de Zoologie du Muséum d’histoire naturelle sur les animaux
sans vertébres. Par M. De Lamarck. 8vo.

History of British Molluscaand their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and 8. Hanley.
Part 20. 8vo.

Insectorum sive minimorum animalium theatrum : olim ab Ed. Wattomo, &e.
inchoatum, tandem T. Morpeti perfectum. Folio.

Erd-und Stswasser-Gasteropoden der Schweiz. Von J. D. W. Hartmann.
1 Band. 8vo.

An Epitome of Lamarck’s arrangement of Testacea. By Charles Dubois.
8vo.

Die Land-und Siisswasser-Mollusken von Java. Von Albert Mousson. 8vo.
Die Stidafrikanischen Molluskenvon Prof. Dr. Ferdinand Krauss. 4to.

Die Blasenwiirmer. Ein Monographischer Versuch. Von Dr. A. Tschudi.

Abhandlung von einen Geschelte vichschalichter Conchylien mit sichtbaren
Gelenken weiche beym Linné Chitones heissen.

D. Edwardi Eichwaldi Geognostico-Zoologice per Ingriam Marisque Baltici-
Provincias nec non de Trilobitis observationes.

Maris Protogei Nautilos et Argonautas vulgo Cornna Ammonis in Agro Co-
burgico et vicino reperiundos: Descripsit, &c. D. J. G. M. Reinecke.

Descripto et iconica delineatio novi generis Vermium, Stomachide dicti in
corpore humano hospitantium. Auctore C. Perebroom.

Conchologia iconica. By L. Reeve. No. 76.

Histoire abrégéee des Coquillages de Mer. Par S. L. P. Cubieres. 4to.

December 14th.

Additional observations on the Osteology of the Iguanodon and Hylzosaurus.
By G. A. Mantell. From the Author.

Insunt J. F. Meckelii Additamenta ad historiam Molluscorum Piscium et
Amphibiorum. Deposited by Dr. Griffith.

J. F. Bolten, M. D., ad Carolum Linné Epistola de novo quodam Zoophytorum
genere. From the same.

Rariora Nature et Artis item de re medica: oder settenherten der Natur und
Kunstides Kundmannischen Naturalien-Cabinets, wie auch der Arkeney-Wissen-
schaft. Von D.C. Kundmann. Folio. From the same.

Dr. Wilson presented the folloming on the usual condition :

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. No. 8. 1849.

Comptes Rendus. Nos. 9—13. Tome 29.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 4. Second series. No. 21.

The London Atheneum, October, 1849.

Zeitschrift fir Malakozoologie. Von K. T. Menké und Dr. Pfeiffer. Nos. 3, 4,
1849.

Conchylogia iconica. By L. Reeve. Parts 77, 78.

Phycologia Britannica. By Wm. H. Harvey, M. D. Part. 43.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 29 and 30.

History of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and S. Hanley.
Part 21.

The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. Vol. 5. Part 1.

Ueber den charakter der Vegetation auf den Inseln des Indischen Archipels.

Von Dr. Reinwardt.
Die Golazberge in der Tschitscherei Ein Beitrag zur Botanischen Erdkunde

von L. von Heerfler. j
A calender of Flora composed during the year 1809 at Washingtion. By

George Crosfield.
Entozoorum sive Vermium Intestinalium historia naturalis: Auctore C. A.

Rudolphi. 2 vols 8vo.

Geological and Mining Surveys of the Coal Districts of the counties of Tyrone
and Antrim in Ireland. By Richard Griffith. 8vo.

Entozoorum synopsis. Auctore C. A. Rudolphi. $8vo.

aan

a

1849. ] 267

Erster Nachtrag zur Naturgeschichte der Eingeweidewiirmer von J. A. E-
Goeze. 4to.

Entomologische Beytrige zu des Ritter Linné zwélften ausgabe des Natursys-
tems von J. A. E. Goeze. 3vols.in6. 8vo.

Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Leipzig. Vol. Ist. 4to.

Tentamen Herpetologie : Auctore J. T. Klein. 4to.

The internal structure of fossil vegetables found in the Carboniferous and Ooli-
tic deposits of Great Britain ; described, &c., by H. T. M. Witham. 4to.

A Flora of Liverpool. By T. B. Hall ; and anappendix by Wilson Armistead.
Svo.

Joannis Raii de variis plantarum methodis dissertatio brevis. 8vo.

The Language of Botany. By Thomas Martyn. 8vo.

Primitie Flore Sarnice. By C. C. Babington. 8vo.

A botanical guide of the Flowering plants, &c., found indigenous within six-
teen miles of Manchester. By Richard Buxton. 8vo.

Flora Metropolitana. By Daniel Cooper. 8vo. and supplement 8vo.

December 11th.

Iconographie Ornithologique. Par O. Des Murs. 12th Liv. From Mr. Ed.
Wilson.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on condition that they be not taken from
the Hall.

The Naturalists’ guide for collecting and preserving subjects of Natural His-
tory and Botany. By William Swainson.

Catalogue of the Australian Museum, 1837.

Essay on the method of studying Natural History. By Richard Kentish.

Catalogue of the Mammalia in the museum of the Zoological Society of Lon-
don. 2d edition.

Notice of the subjects of Natural History in the Museum of the Liverpool
Royal Institution. 12mo.

List of Hymenopterous Insects in the British Museum. Part 2. Chalcidites :
list of Dipterous Insects in the same, part 2.

Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. 54th edition.

The Voyager’s Companion ; or Shell-collector’s Pilot, &c. By J. Mawe, 4th
edition, 12mo.

Treatise on the art of preserving objects of Natural History. By W. Bullock.
2nd edition.

Christoph. W. J. Gattereri Breviarium Zoologie. Pars 1. Mammalia. 8vo.

Short sketches of the wild sports and Natural History of the Highlands.
From the Journal of Charles St. John. 8vo.

The history of Brutes. By Wolfgangus Franzius, D. D., and row resolved
into English by N. W. 12mo. 1670.

British Annual and Epitome of the progress of Science, for 1837, 1838 and
1839. By Robert D. Thompson, M. D. 3 vols. 12mo.

Muszum Ludovice Ulrice Regine Suecorum, &. A Carolo v. Linné. $vo.

Elements of the natural history of the Animal Kingdom. By C. Stewart. 2d
edition. 2 vols.

A collection of letters illustrative of the progress of Science in England, from
the reign of Queen Elizabeth to that of Charles II. Edited by C. Halliwell. 8vo.

Nouveau tableau du Regne Animal. Par R. P. Lesson. Mammiferes. 8vo.

Martini Listeri Historie Animalium Angliz tres tractatus. 8vo.

Catalogue systematique du Cabinet d’Ornithologie et de la collection de
Quadrumanes de C. J. Temminck. 8vo.

Catalogue of the Museum of the Liverpool Royal Institution, 8vo.

The Zoological Magazine, or Journal of Natural History. 8vo.

Essai sur histoire naturelle par C. G. Chesnon. 8vo.

Zar Angewandten Naturgeschichte und Physiologie : Von H. G. Brown. 8yo.

The Sea-side book. By W. H. Harvey, M. D. 8vo.

?

268 [Drc.

Francisci Redi Experimenta circa res diverses naturales speciatum illas que
ex Indiis adferuntur. 12mo.

Fauna der Galizisch-Bukowinischen Wirbelthiere. Yon Dr. A. Zowadski. Svo.

Anfangsgriinde der Naturwissenschaft fir die Jugend von Dr. J. Brand. Svo.

The Natural History of Ireland, in three parts ; by several hands. 4to.

Saggio d’Osservazioni sopra C’isoladi Cherso ed Orsero d’ Alberto Fortis. 4to.

a Worte tiber den jetzigen Zustand der Naturgeschichte. Von Dr, C. V.
Baer. 4to.

Elenchus Tabularum Pinacothecarum atque nonnullorum Cimeliorum in Ga-
zophylacis Levini Vincint. 4to.

Arithmonomia naturalis seu de numeris in rerum natura tentamen e Mineral-
ogia, Botania et Zoologia illustratum. Auctore Alberto Sonnenberg. 4to.

An abridged catalogue of the Saffron Walden Museum. 8vo.

An history of the wonderful things of nature. Written by Johannas John-
stonus, and now rendered into English by a person of quality. 4to. 1657.

Produzione naturali che si retrovano nel museo Ginanni in Ravenna. 4to.

J. T. Klein summa dubiorum circa classes Quadrupedum et Amphibiornm in
celebris domini C. Linnei Systemate Nature. 4to.

Elements of Natural History, or an introduction to systematic Zoology. By
J. A. Hinton. 4to.

Gotthelf Fischer’s Naturhistorische Fragmente. 4to.

Notices sur les animaux noveaux ou peu connus du Musée de Genéve. Par
F. J. Pictet. 4. Livs. in 3. 4to.

Johannes Herrmann observationes Zoologice, opus posthumum edidit F. L.
Hammer. 4to.

Observations sur l’histoire naturelle sur la physique et sur la pointure. 2
vols. in one. 4to.

The Natural history of Oxfordshire. By R. Plot, LL. D. Folio.

A philosophical account of the works of Nature. By Richard Bradley. 4to.

Dell’ Historia naturale de Ferrante Imperato apolitano libri 28. Folio.

The Edinburgh Journal of Natural History, and of the Physical Sciences, con-
ducted by W. Macgillivray. The Animal Kingdom of the Baron Cuvier, enlarged
and adapted to the present state of Zoological Science, &c., (in one vol. folio.)

The Natural History of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Peak, in Derbyshire,
&c. By Charles Leigh, M. D. Folio.

Museum Wormianum: seu historia rerum rariorum gue Hasnie Danorumin
cedibus authoris serventur: adornata ab Olao Worm, M. D. Folio.

Museum Tessinianum. Folio.

Eight unpublished Plates to Indian Zoology by Major Hardwicke. Folio.

Abbildungen aus dem Thierreiche in Kupfergestochen von J. C. Susemihl.
Ornithologie 4 Hefts, Entomologie 1 Heft, Amphibiologie 1 Heft. 4to.

Die vollstindigste Naturgeschichte des In-und Auslandes. Von H. G. L.
Reichenbach. Aves Gallinacee. 4to.

Essays upon Natural History and other miscellaneous subjects. By George
Edwards. 8vo.

Medical Zoology and Mineralogy. By John Stephenson, M. D. 8vo.

The Naturalist’s Pocket-Book, or Tourist’s Companion. By George Graves.
8vo.

Elements of Natural History, adapted to the present state of the science. By
John Stark, 2 vols. 8vo.

Nachrichten von den Kaiserl.-dsterreicheschen Naturforschern in Brasilien
und den Resultaten ihrer Betriebsamkeit. Parts 1 and 2. 8vo.

An Essay towards a natural history of the County of Dublin. By John Rutty,
M. D. 2 vols. 8vo.

Synopsis of the Newcastle Museum. By George Townshend Fox, Esq. 8vo.

Mémoir instructif sur la maniere de rassembler, de preparer, &c., less diver-
ses curiosités d’histoire naturelle. Svo.

An essay towards a natural history of Cumberland and Westmoreland. By
Thos. Robinson. 8vo.

.
‘

1849.] 269

December 18th.

Om Lefverns Byggnad af A. Retzius. From the Author.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Hastern Asia. Vol.3. Nos. 6 and 7.
From the Editor.

Bulletin de la Societé Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. No. 4, 1814;
No. 1, 1845. From the Society.

Observations sur les phenoménes périodiques du Regne Animal, par Hd. de
Selys Longchamps. From the Author.

Additional MSS. of the late Prof. E. F. Rafinesgue. From Prof. Haldeman.

Dr. Wilson presented the following on condition that they be not taken from
the Hall.

Voyage en Abyssinie: par MM. Ferrett et Galinier; Texte, livs. Pete 8vo:
planches, livs. 9—12. Folio.

The Zoology of the Voyage of the Samarang. No. 5. 4to.

The History of Sumatra. By Wm. Marsden. 4to.

Discoveries in Australia; with an account of the coasts and rivers explored
and surveyed during the Voyage of the Beagle in 1837-’43. By J. Lort Stokes,
R.N. 2 vols. 8vo.

Narrative of a voyage round the world in H. M. S. Sulphur, 1836-’42. By
Capt. Sir Ed. Belcher, R. N. 2 vols. 8vo

Travels in South Africa. By the Rev. John Campbell. First Journey, 3d
edition. S8vo. 2d journey, 2 vols. 8vo.

Reisen in der Regentschaft Algier in den Jahren 1836, 3%, 738: von Moritz
Wagner, 3 vols. 8vo.

Herrn Carl Linnzi Reisen durch das Konigreich Schweden; Reisen durch
Geland and Gothland ; Reisen durch Westgothland, (in one vol. 8vo.)

A Tour through Sweden, Swedish-Lapland, Finland and Denmark, in a series
of Letters. By Matthew Consett, Esq. 4to.

Travels through Sweden, Finland and Lapland to the North Cape in 1798 and
799. By Joseph Acerhi. 2 vols. 4to.

Viaggio in Dalmazia dell’ Abate Alberto Fortis. 2 vols. 4to.

Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee. ‘By T. Ed. Bowditch, Esq. 4to.

Narrative of asecond voyage in search of a North-west passage ; and of aresi-
dence in the Artic Regions in 1829-’33. By Sir John Ross, R. N. 4to.

Reise durch Schweden, Norwegen, Lapland, Finland und Ingermannland in
den Jahren 1817-’20: von F. W. Von Schubert. 3 vols. 8vo.

De generis humani varietate natura: ed. 3ta: auctore J. F. Blumenbach,
M. D. 8vo.

Grundriss der Naturgeschichte der Menschenspecies. Von C. F. Ludwig. 8vo.

Commentatio philologica de Simiarium. Ab Auctore M. Anton A. H. Lich-
tenstein.

Synopsis of Quadrupeds. By Thos. Pennant. 8yo.

History of Quadrupeds. By Thomas Pennant. 2 vols. 4to.

The Natural History of the Sperm Whale. By Thomas Beale. 8vo.

Library of Useful Knowledge. Cattle, their breeds, management and diseases.
By Wm. Youatt. 8vo.

The Natural History of British Quadrupeds. By HE. Donovan. 3 vols. in one.
8vo.*

New Zealand; being a narrative of Travels and adventures during a residence
in that country in 1831-’37. By J. 8. Pollock, Esq. 2 vols. 8vo.

An account of the Arctic regions, with a history and description of the North-
ern Whale Fishery. By Wm. Scoresby, Jr. 2 vols. 8vo.

Narrative ofa Journey to the Zoolu Country, in South Africa. By Capt. A.
F Gardiner, R. N. 8vo. -

Narrative of the voyage of H. M. S. Samarang, in 1845-’46. By Capt. Sir Ed.
Belcher, R. N. 2 vols. 8vo.

270 (Dec.

Briefe aus der Schweiz nach Hanover geschrieben in dem Jahr 1763. Von
Andrew. 4to.

Nove species Quadrupedum e Glirium ordine. Auctore P. S. Pallas. 4to.

Dr. Wiison also presented to the Society at various periods during November
and December, 1849, all those works previously deposited by him, on Mineralo-
gy, Herpetology, Ichthyology, Entomology, Geology, Conchology, Botany, Gen-
eral Natural History, Mammalogy, Voyages and Travels, and the various Peri-
odicals, on condition that they be not taken from the Hall. The List comprises
1101 vols. and 666 parts, pamphlets, &c., the titles of which have been already
announced from time to time in the Proceedings.

CATALOGUE

OF THE

eee ta OU Da
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.
BY

JOHN CASSIN.

|

aaomanne thAueAM 1 uk

cM yun tnt

‘err ae]

nw witvancin my w f

AT Ai ww)

ee har’ :
7
Ateéko GAGL

Crass AVES.

I. Order RAPTORES.
I. Family VULTURID.
I. Subfamily VULTURIN ZL.

1. Genus VULTUR, Linn.

1. vuLtur monacuus, Linn. Syst. Wat. i. p. 122. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 2.
Vultur cinereus et cristatus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 247, 250.
Vultur vulgaris et chincou, Daudin. Traité d’Orn. ii. p. 12, 16.
Vultur arabicus, Briss. Orn. vi. Supp. p. 29. Edwards’ Birds.

pl. 290.
Vultur arrianus, Pic. La Peyr. Zool. des Pyrénées.
Vultur leporarius, Gesner.
Vultur niger et nigricans, Briss. Brehm Vig. Deuts. p. 9.
Vultur imperialis, Temm. Pl. col. 426.
Polypterix cupido, Hodgson. Gray, Zool. Misc. 1844.

1. Adult, Moldavia, from the Rivoli collection.
2. middle age, Moldavia, from the same.

3. younger, Europe, from the same.

4. Adult, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

2. vuLTtur occipitaLis, Burchell. Trav. in South Africa, ii. p. 310,
329. Le Vaill. Ors. d’Afr. pl. 12.
Vultur galericulatus, Temm. Pl. col. 13. Riipp. Atlas. pl. 22.

1,2. Adults, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli collection.
3. younger, Africa, from the same.

2. Genus OTOGYPS, G. R. Gray.

1. oTocyPs auricuLaRIs, (Daud.) Le Vaill. Ois. d’ Afr. pl. 9.
Vultur auricularis, Daudin, Traité d’Orn. ii. p. 10.
Vultur egyptius, Temm. Pl. col. 407.
Vultur nubicus, Ham. Smith. Griffith’s Cuvier, Aves. pl. 4.

1,2. Adults, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli collection.
3. younger, Africa, from the same.

2. oTocyps caLvus, (Scop.) Gray, Ill. Ind. Zoo. pl. 15.
_ Vultur calvus, Scopoli. Flora et Fauna Insubrice.
Vultur ponticerianus, Lath. Ind. Orn.i. p.7. Daud. Traité ii.
p- 11.

1. Adult, India, from the Rivoli collection.
2. Adult female, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

Il. Subfamily GYPINA.
1. Genus GYPS, Savigny.

1. cyps FuLvus, (Gm.) Gould, B. of Eur. pl.1. Buffon. Pl. Enl. 426.
Vultur fulvus, Gmelin. Syst. Nat. i. p. 249.
Vultur percnopterus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 2. (not Linn.)
Vultur leucocephalus, Meyer. Tasch. Deut. i. p. 7.
Vultur trincalos, Bechstein. Nat. Deut. ii. p. 479.
Vultur persicus, Pallas. Zoog. i. p. 377.
Vultur albicollis, Lindermayer. Isis, 1843, p. 3242

. Adult, Europe, presented by A. L. Heerman, M. D.
. middle age, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.

. Cape of Good Hope, from the same.

. young, Cape of Good Hope, from the same.

. Adult male, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

. Adult female, India, from the same.

3,

Nook Wwe

Vultur indicus, Temminck. Pl. col. 26, (plate not text.)
8,9. Adults? Cape of Good Hope? from the Rivoli collec-
tion.
10,11. younger, Africa? from the same.
Vultur Kolbii, Daudin. Traité d’Orn. ii. p. 15.
12,13. South Africa, from the Rivoli collection.

Gyps tenuirostris, Hodgson. (ubi?) Gray’s Genera, pl. 3.

14. India, from the Rivoli collection.
15. young female. 2

2. GyPs BENGALENSIS, (Gm.) Gray, Ill. Ind. Zoo. pl. 14, 15.
Vultur bengalensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 245.
Vultur chaugoun, Daud. Traité d’Orn. ii. p. 14. Le Vaill. Ois.
d’ Afr. pl. 11.
Vultur leuconotus, Gray. Ill. Ind. Zoo. pl. 15.
Vultur indicus, Lath. Ind. Orn.i. p. 7%

1. Adult male, Pondicherry, from the Rivoli collection.
2. Adult, India, from the same.
3, 4, 5. younger, India, from the same.

Ill. Subfamily GYPAETINZ.
1. Genus GYPAETOS, Storr.

1. GYPAETOS BaRBATUS, (Linn.) Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 4. Gray’s Genera,
pl.4-
Vultur barbatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 123.
Vultur niger et barbarus, Gm. Syst. JVat. i. p. 248, 250.
Falco barbatus et magnus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 252.

Vultur alpinus, Briss. Orn. i. p. 464.

Vultur aureus, Gesner.

Vultur beticus, Aldrovandus.

Gypaétos grandis, Storr.

Gypaétos castaneus, Daud. Traité d’Orn. ii. p. 26.

Gypaétos leucocephalus et melanocephalus, Meyer. Tasch. deuts.
Vog.i. p. 9, 10.

Gypaétos Hemachalanus, Hutton. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1838,

wwe. t
Gypaétus meridionalis, Blasius. Riipp. Uebersicht. pl. 1.%
Phene ossifraga et gigantea, Savigny.

1. Adult, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.
2,3. young, Europe, from the same.

4. G, meridionalis, Blas. Adult, Northern Africa, from
M. Riippell’s collection. Presented by J. k. Hol-
brook, M. D.

5. G. hemachalanus, Hutton? Adult male, India, from
Capt. Boys’ collection.

6. the same. Adult female, India, from the same.

IV. Subfamily NEOPHRINZ.
1. Genus NEOPHRON, Savigny.

1. NEOPHRON PERCNoPTERUS, (Linn.) Selby, Brit. Orn. pl. A. Gould.
B. of Eur. pl. 14.
Vultur percnopterus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 123.
Vultur fuscus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 248.
Vultur leucocephalos et egyptius, Briss. Orn. 1. p. 457, 465.
Vultur ginginianus, Daud. 11. p. 20, 21.
Vultur meleagris, Pallas.
Vultur stercorarius, Lu Peyrouse.
Percnopterus egyptiacus, Stephens. Gen. Zoo. xiii.

1,2. Adult, Africa, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult, Abyssinia, from M. Riippell’s collection. Pre-
sented by J. E. Holbrook, M. D.
4,5. young, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.
6. young, Europe?

2. NEOPHRON PILEATUS, (Burch.) Temm. Pl. col. 222.
Vultur pileatus, Burchell. Trav. S. Afr. p. 195.
Cathartes monachus, Temm. Pl. col. 222.
Percnopterus niger, Lesson. Traité d’Orn. i. p. 29.
Neophron carunculatus, 2. Smith. S. Afr. Quar. Jour. ii. p. 253%

1,2. Adult females, Africa, from the Rivoli collection.
3. young male, Country of the Ashantees, Western Africa.
2. Genus GYPOHIERAX, Rippell.

1. GYPOHIERAX ANGOLENSIS, (Gm.) Gray’s Genera, pl. 4. Jard, & Selby.
Ill. N.S. pl. 13.

-

Falco angolensis, Gmelin. Syst. Nat. i. p. 252.
Polyborus? hypoleucus, Bennett. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 1830,
p. 13.

1. Male, nearly adult, Rio de Bontry, coast of Guinea.
2, Adult fernale, Western Africa, from the Rivoli col-
lection.

V. Subfamily SARCORAMPHINZ.
1. Genus SARCORAMPHOS, Dumeril.

1, saRcornamPuus Grypuus, (Linn.) Temm. Pl. col. 133, 408, 494.
Vultur gryphus, Linn. Syst. Vat. i. p. 121.
Vultur magellanicus, Shaw. Mus. Leverianum. pl. 1.
Vultur Condor, Shaw. Gen. Zool. i. p. 2.

1. Adult male, South America, from the Rivoli collection.
2. Adult male, South America.
3. Adult female? South America, from the Rivoli col-
lection.
4. young male, Peru, from Dr. J. K. Townsend’s col-
lection.
5,6. young, from the Rivoli collection.

2. SARCORAMPHUS PaPa, (Linn.) Buff. Pl. Enl. 428, Vieill. Gal. pl. 3.
Vultur papa, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 122.
Vultur sacra, Bartram. Travels, p. 289. Lath. Gen. Hist. i.
p. ti?
Vultur monachus, Klein.
Vultur elegans, Gerint.

1. Adult male, South America, from the Rivoli collection.
2. Adult female, Peru. Presented by W. S. W. Ruschen-
berger, M. D., U.S. Navy.

2. Genus CATHARTES, Illiger.
1. CATHARTES CALIFORNIANUS, (Shaw.) Jud. B. of Am. pl. 411. Gray’s
Genera, pl. 2.
Vultur californianus, Shaw. Nat. Misc. ix. pl. 301.
Cathartes vulturinus, Temm. Pl. col. 51.

1. Adult, California.

ro

» CATHARTES JoTa, (Mol.) Jud. B. of Am. pl. 106. Wilson. Am. Orn.
pl. 75, fig. 2.
Vultur jota, Molina. Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili.
Vultur urubu, Vieill. Ois. de l’Am. Sept. pl. 2.
Vultur atratus, Bartram. Trav. p. 289.
Vultur fetens, [lliger. (Muct.) ubi?
“Vultur aura, Linn.” Vieill. Ois. de Am. Sept. i. p. 23.
“Cathartes aura,” Spir. Av. Bras. i. p. 2.

. Adult, Florida. Presented by Thos. McEuen, M. D.

. Adult female, United States. Presented by Mr. J. J.
Audubon.

3. Adult, South America? from the Rivoli collection.

4. nearly adult, South America, from the same.

woe

3. CATHARTES auRA, (Linn.) Aud. B. of Am. pl. 151. Wilson, Am.
Orn. pl. 75, fig. 1.
Vultur aura, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 122.
Vultur brasiliensis, Briss. Orn. i. p. 468. Sloane’s Jamaica, pl.
254.
Cathartes ruficollis, Spiz. Jv. Bras.i. p. 2. Catesby’s Carolina,
1. 6

ls
Cathartes septentrionalis, De Wied. Tschudi, Faun. Peruana. Orn.
p. 74.
1. Adult male, Florida. Presented by Thos. McEuen, M. D.
2. Adult, United States,

3. younger, from the Rivoli collection.
4. chick, South America ?

4, CATHARTES BURROVIaNUS, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. ii.
p- 212, (March, 1845.)

1. Adult, South America? from the Rivoli collection.
2. younger, Mexico. Presented by Marmaduke Burrough,
M. D.

raw: a ae wets 2 :
tq sade, | ae ectteghmoiivad. v9 seh rota ve

ff dina He irritagert aha se ie
Pe haath Noda
‘ datos Near ae tere

. ' Pony d alae as, +f

A mas “ rh, nf Rachie sv) .tibean') aepevony a sah
a he

a4 phe baat Te vie a1 A ‘yi? * echigurn Ne dojukh Stic t -
: agen ee iy ans AQ outa ir .

Pir y on A)
'
i 4 '
a J fall
§
- a F
f
a
, '
rs i :
\
. Ai a ae
¢
‘J « =
oes d a i 4 ~
rea A “>
. . o s Cz
Ir ~ 4
ad Ve sll
¥
aD
i « oJ de e 4
, Lal
j
.

CATALOGUE

OF THE

p fee Gaba
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

BY

JOHN CASSIN.

+s

’

AGO CRT AY

ae an

=m,

KC IHUTLONS

1 Yoon dios ant ot

aang danonAn 1 Cae ba

AMET | ae

va ;

~

»
- @

a
ALLEGED ANOL

rs *

<2
6.44

Cuass AVES.

I. Order RAPTORES.
I. Family VULTURID.
I. Subfamily VULTURINZ.

1. Genus VULTUR, Linn.

1. vuLtuR monacuus, Linn. Syst. Wat. i. p. 122. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 2.
Vultur cinereus et cristatus, Gm. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 247, 250.
Vultur vulgaris et chincou, Daudin. Traite d’Orn. ii. p. 12, 16.
Vultur arabicus, Briss. Orn. vi. Supp. p. 29. Edwards’ Birds.

L290,

Vultur ee Pic. La Peyr. Zool. des Pyrénées.
Vultur leporarius, Gesner.
Vultur niger et nigricans, Briss. Brehm Vig. Deuts. p. 9.
Vultur imperialis, Temm. Pl. col. 426.
Polypterix cupido, Hodgson. Gray, Zool. Misc. 1844.

1. Adult, Moldavia, from the Rivoli collection.

2. middle age, Moldavia, from the same.

3. younger, Europe, from the same.
4. Adult, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

2. vuLTuR occipiTaLis, Burchell. Trav. in South Africa, ii. p. 310,
329. Le Vaill. Ors. d’Afr. pl. 12.
Vultur galericulatus, Temm. Pl. col. 13. Riipp. Atlas. pl. 22.
1,2. Adults, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli collection.
3. younger, Africa, from the same.

2. Genus OTOGYPS, G. R. Gray.

1. oTocyps auricuLaRis, (Daud.) Le Vaill. Otis. d’Afr. pl. 9.
Vultur auricularis, Daudin, Traité d’Orn. i. p. 10.
Vultur egyptius, Temm. Pl. col. 407.
Vultur nubicus, Ham. Smith. Griffith’s Cuvier, Aves. pl. 4.

1,2. Adults, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli collection.
3. younger, Africa, from the same.

2. oTocyrs caLvus, (Scop.) Gray, Ill. Ind. Zoo. pl. 15.
Vultur calvus, Scopoli. Flora et Fauna Insubrice.
Vultur ponticerianus, Lath. Ind. Orn.i. p. 7. Daud. Traité ii.
p- 11.

1. Adult, India, from the Rivoli collection.
2. Adult female, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

-

\

6. strix personata, Vigors. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 1831, p. 60.
Gould, B. of Aust. i. pl. 29.
Strix cyclops, Gould. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 1836, p, 140.

1. Adult male, Western Australia, from Mr. Gould’s col-
lection.

2. Male, New South Wales, from the same.

3. Male, Southern Australia, from the same.

5. Adult female, S. Australia, from the same.

7. Females, Australia, from the Rivoli collection.

9. younger, Australia, from the same.

0. Strix cyclops, Gould. Swan River, Australia, from the
same.

7. sTRIX DELICATULA, Gould. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lon. 1836, p. 140. B.
of Aust. i. pl. 31.

1,2. Adult males, Australia, from Mr. Gould’s collection.
3. Female, Australia, from the same.

4,5. Australia, from the Rivoli collection.
6. Australia. Presented by C. Huffnagle, M. D.

8. stRix canpipA, Tickell. Jour. 4s. Soc. Bengal, ii. p. 57. Jerdon,
Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 30.
Strix longimembris, Jerdon. Madras Jour. Lit. and Sci. 1839,
p: 86.
1. Male, India.

9, strix Javanica, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 295. Gray & Mitch. Gen.
Birds, pl. 15.

. Female, India.

- India? from the Rivoli collection.

. Adult male, from Capt. Boys’ collection.
. Adult female, from the same.

mone

10. strix capensis, A. Smith. S. Af. Quart. Jour. 1836. Ill. S. Af.
Zoo. Aves, pl. 45.
Strix flammeoides. Catalogue of the Rivoli collection.

1,2. Adult females, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli
collection.

3. young female, Southern Africa, from the same.

2. Genus PHODILUS, Geoffroy.

1. pHopitus Bapius, (Horsf.) Temm. Pl. col. 318.
Strix badia, Horsfield. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xiii. p.139. Zool.
Res, Java, pl. 36.

1. Male, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

3. Genus OTUS, Cuvier.

1. orus vutearis, Fleming. Brit. 4n. p.56. Selby, Brit. Orn. pl.

to

20.
Strix otus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 132. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 39.
Otus albicollis, Daudin. Orn. i. p. 213.
Strix deminuta, Pallas. Trav. Russ. ii. p. 707?
Otus europeus, Stephens. Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 57.
Otus communis, Lesson. Tr. d’Orn. 1. p. 110.
Otus sylvestris, arboreus et gracilis, Brehm. Vig. Deuts. p. 121.

1, 2, 3, 4. Adults, France, from the Rivoli collection.
5, 6. younger, Europe, from the same.
7. very young, Europe, from the same.

. oTUS wiLsonraNnus, Less. Tratté d’Orn.i, p.110. Wilson, Am. Orn.

pl. 51, fig. 3.
Otus americanus, Bonap. Comp. List. p. 7.
Strix peregrinator, Bartram. Trav. p. 289?

1. Adult female, near Chester, Penna., from Mr. Cassin’s
collection.

2. Adult, near Philadelphia. Presented by J. K. Town-
send, M. D.

. OTUS MExIcaNUS, Gm. Jud. B. of Am. pl. 412.

Strix mexicana, Gmelin. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 288.
Strix americana, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 288 2
Strix longirostris, Spix. Av. Bras. pl. 9.

Bubo clamator, Vieill. Os. d’Am. Sept. pl. 20.

1,2. Adult females, Bahia, from the Rivoli collection.
3. younger, from the same.
4, Adult male, Cayenne.
5. Adult, Surinam. Presented by C. Hering, M. D.

. OTUS MADAGASCARIENSIS, A. Smith, Cat. S. Af. Mus.

1. Male, Madagascar, from the Rivoli collection.

. OTUS BRACHYoTUS, (Gm.) Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 40. Wilson, Am.

Orn. pl. 33, f, 3.
Strix brachyotos et accipitrina, Gmelin. Syst. Nat. i. p. 289.
Strix egolius et ulula, Pallas. Zoog. 1. p. 309, 322.
Strix caspia, Shaw. Gen. Zoo. vii. p. 272.
Strix tripennis, Schrank. Fauna Botca-
Strix arctica, Sparrman. Mus. Carlson.
Strix brachyura, JVillson. Fauna Suectca, p. 62.
Otus palustris et agrarius, Brehm. Vig. Deuts. p. 124.

1, 2, 3. Adult, France, from the Rivoli collection.
4. Male, France, from the same.
5. very young, France, from the same.
6. Adult, Europe. Presented by A. L. Heerman, M. D.

ve

7. Adult male, Pennsylvania. Presented by John K.
Townsend, M. D.
8. Adult female, New Jersey. Presented by William
Gambel, M. D.
9. Female, Cordilleras, South America.
10. Rio La Plata, South America. Presented by W.S. W.
Ruschenberger, M. D., U.S. Navy.
11. Male, Northern India.
12. Adult male, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.
13,14. Adult females, India, from the same.

6. orus GaLapaGoensis, Gould. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend. 1837, p. 10.
Voy. Beagle. Birds, pl. 3.

1. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands, from Dr. Townsend’s col-
lection.

7. oTus capensis, A. Smith. S. Af. Quart. Jour. 1835. Ill. S. Af.
Zool. Aves, pl. 67.
Otus abyssinicus, Guerin. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 321. Ferret & Gali-
nier. Voy. Abyss. Ors. pl. 3.

1. South Africa, from the Rivoli collection.
2. Adult, Morocco.

3. Genus SYRNIUM, Savigny.
1. syrnium aLuco, (Linn.) Selby’s Brit. Orn. pl. 25. Gould, B.of Eur.
]. 47

Strix alvens Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 132.

Strix stridula, Linn. Syst, Nat. 1. p. 133.

Strix soloniensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i, p. 293.

Strix sylvatica, Shaw. Gen. Zool. vii. p. 253.

Strix sylvestris, alba, noctua et rufa, Scopoli. Ann. Hist. Nat.
Syrnium ululans, Savigny. Egypte xxiil. p. 299.

1,2. Males, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Female, France, from the same.

4. very young, France, from the same.
5, 6, 7. Europe.

2. syRNIUM NEBULOsSUM, (Gm.) Wilson’s Am. Orn. pl. 33, f.2. De Kay,
Nat. Hist. New York, Orn. pl. 10.
Strix nebulosa, Gmelin. Syst. Nat. i. p. 291. Aud. B. of Am.
pl. 46.
Strix chichictli, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 296. Lath. Gen. Hist. i.
. 3642
Strix Fernandica, Shaw. Gen. Zool. vii. p. 263%

1. Adult female, Chester county, Penna. Presented by
Samuel W. Woodhouse, M. D.

. Adult, near Chester, Penna., from Mr. Cassin’s col-
lection.

3,4. Europe? from the Rivoli collection.

wo

- SYRNIUM URALENSE, (Pall.) Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 44.
Strix uralensis, Pallas. Travels Russia, Appendix, No. 25.
Strix liturata, Retz. Fau. Sue. p. 79. Temm. Pl. col. 27.
Strix macroura, JVatterer. Meyer Tasch. i. p. 84.

“Strix macrocephala, Meisner.” Brehm. Vig. Deuts. p. 115.

1. Adult, Sweden, from Mr. J. G. Kinberg’s collection.
2. Adult, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.

. SYRNIUM FuscEScENS, (Temm. & Schl.) Fauna Japonica, pl. 10.
Strix fuscescens, Temm. & Schl. Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 30.

1. Adult female, Japan.

. SYRNIUM CINEREUM, (Gm.) Rich. & Sw. Fauna Bor. Am. Birds, pl.
31. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 351.

Strix cinerea, Gmelin. Syst. Nat. i. p. 291.

Strix lapponica, Retz. Fau. Sue. p. 79.

Strix barbata, Pallas, Zoog. i. p. 318.

Strix acclamator, Bartram. Travels, p. 289.

Strix fuliginosa, Shaw. Gen. Zoo. vii. p. 244.

1. Adult, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Female, Russia.

3. Adult female, Rocky Mountains, from Dr. Townsend’s
collection.

. SYRNIUM LEPTOGRAMMIcUM, (Temm.) Pl. col. 525.
Strix leptogrammica, Temminck. Pl. col. 11. p. (liv. 88.)

1. Male, nearly adult, Sumatra.
2. Female, Sumatra, from the Rivoli collection.

. SYRNIUM HYLOPHILUM, (Temm.) Pl. col. 373.
Strix hylophila, Temminck. PI. co. ii. p. (liv. 63.)
1. nearly adult, Bogota, from the Rivoli collection.
2. younger, Bahia, from the same. .
3. nearly adult, Rio La Plata. Presented by W.S. W.
Ruschenberger, M. D., U.S. Navy.

. SYRNIUM FasciaTum, (Vieill.) Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. vi. p. 2117
Strix fasciata, Vieillot, (ut supra.) Ency. Meth. iii. ps 12887
Syrnium zonocercus. List of Spec. of Birds in Brit. Mus.?

1. South America, from the Rivoli collection.
2. younger, Bahia, from the same.

. sYRNIUM virGaTuM, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada. 1v.
p- 124. (Dec. 1848.)
1. Adult, Bogota, from the Rivoli collection.

2, younger, South America, from the same.
3,4. Mexico, from Mr. W. S. Pease’s collection.

®. Adult male? Trinidad, from Mr. Cassin’s collection.
6. Male, Cayenne.

7. Female, Cayenne.

10. s¥RNIUM ALBoGuLARIS, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada. iv.
p- 124. (Dec. 1848.)

1. Adult male? South America, from the Rivoli col-
lection.

2. Female, South America, from the same.
3. Female, South America.

11. syrnium seLoputo, (Horsf.) Temm. Pl. col. 230.
Strix seloputo, Horsfield. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xiii. p. 140.
Strix pagadorum, T'emminck. Pl. col. ii. p. (liv. 39.)
1,2. Adults, Java, from the Rivoli collection.
3. young female, Java.

12. sYRNIUM SINENSE, (Lath.) Gray’s Ill. Ind. Zoo. pl. 21.
Strix sinensis, Litho. Index Orn.
Strix orientalis, Shaw. Gen. Zoo. vii. p. 257.
Syrnium ocellatum, Lesson. Rev. Zoo. 1839, p. 289.
Strix j aaa Catalogue of the Rivoli collection.
1,2. Adult males, India, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult female, India.
4,5. Adults, India, from the Rivoli collection.
6. nearly adult, India, from the same.

13. syRNiuM NivicoLuM, Hodgson. Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, xiv. p. 155.
1. young female, Sumatra.

14. syrnium wooprorpi, (A. Smith.) J/l. Zoo. 8S. Africa, Aves,
pl. 71.

Noctua Woodfordii, 4. Smith. S. Afr. Quar. Jour. 1834.
1. Adult, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli collection.

4. Genus NYCTALE, Brehm.

1. NYCTALE FUNEREA, (Linn.) Gould’s B. of Eur..pl. 49.
Strix funerea, Linn. Fauna Suecica, p. 25, No. 75. Syst. Nat. i.
» 138.
Sirise Tones. Gmelin. Syst. Nat. i. p. 291.
Strix dasypus, Bechs. Orn. Tusch. p. 57.
“Strix noctua, Tengmalm.” Nillson. Faw. Sue. p. 66.
Nyctale pinetorum, abietum et planiceps, Brehm. Vig. Deut. i.
p. 112, 113.

2. Adults, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult, France. Presented by A. L. Heerman, M. D.

to

- NYCTALE acapica, (Gm.) dud. B. of Am. pl. 199.
Strix acadica, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 296.
Strix acadiensis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 65.
“Strix passerina, Linn.” Wilson, Am. Orn. iv. p. 66. pl. 34,
fig. 1.
“ Strix albifrons ¥? Wilson, 4m. Orn. iv. p. 67.
1,2. Adults, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult, near Chester, Penna., from Mr. Cassin’s col-
lection.
4, Adult, California, from Dr. Gambel’s collection.

3. NYCTALE HaRRISI, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada. | eb.
1849.

1. South America? from Mr. J. G. Bell’s coliection.

Il. Subfamily BUBONIN Z.
1. Genus BUBO, Sibbald.

1. BuBo maximus, Sibb. Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 37. Selby, Brit. Orn.

pl. 19.

Bubo maximus, Sibbald. Scotia illustrata, Pars ii. Lib. iii. p. 15.

Strix bubo, atheniensis, et scandiaca, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 131,
132.

Bubo italicus, Briss. Orn. i. p. 482.

Bubo albus, Daud. Traite ii. p. 210?

Bubo europeus, Lesson. Traite i. p. 115.

Bubo germanicus et septentrionalis, Brehm. Vig. Deut. p. 119,
120.

. Adult male, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.

. Adult female, Europe, from the same.

. Adult female, Switzerland, from the same.

- Male, France. Presented by A. L. Heerman, M. D.

moto

2. BUBO VIRGINIANUS, Briss. Orn. i. p. 484. Wilson, Am. Orn. pl. 50,
ie ;
Strix pythaules, Bartram. Travels, p. 289.
Bubo pinicola, Vieill. Ois. de Am. Sept. pl. 19. dud. B. of Am.
1. 61.
Bubo ludovicianus, Daud. Traité d’Or. ii. p. 210.

1,2. Adult. North America, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult female, New Jersey, from Mr. Cassin’s col-
lection.
Male, nearly adult, Pennsylvania, from the same.
. Adult female, Moorestown, N.J. Presented by Edward
Harris, Esq.
6. Adult female, New Jersey. Presented by Ralph Ham-
mersly, M. D.

2 -

one

.
—

7. Adult temale, Pennsylvania.
8. nearly adult.

9. very young, Pennsylvania. Presented by A. F.
Mickle, M. D.

3. puBbO MaGELLaNtous, (Gm.) Buffon, Pl, Enl. 385,

Strix magellanicus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. p. 286. (var. &.
S. age
Strix nacurutu, Vieil/. Nour. Dict. d' Hist. Nat. vii. p. 44.

1,2. From the Rivoli collection.
3. Kio Grande, South America, from the same.
4 California, from Dr. Gambel’s collection.
5. very old male, South America.

. BuBO crassirostris, (Vieill.) Temm. Pl. col. 62.
>

Strix crassirostris, Viei/lot. .Vouv. Dict. d’ Hist. .Nat. vii. p. 44.
Strix macrorhyncha, 7'emminck. Pl. col. ii. p. (tiv. 11.)

1,2. Adults, South America, from the Rivoli collection.

. BUBO CAPENSIS, Daud. Traité d’Orn. ii. p. 209. A. Smith. Ill. Zoo.

S. Afr. Aves, pl. 70.

1. Adult, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli collection.
2. South Africa, from the same.

. BuUBO MacuLosus, (Vieill.) Temm. Pl. col. 50.

Strix maculosus, Vieill, Nouv. Dict. vii. p. 44.
Strix africana, Temminck. Pl. col. ii. p. (liv. 9-)

1. Adult male, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli col-
lection.
2. Adult female, Cape of Good Hope, from the same.
3, 4, 5. South Africa, from the same.
6. young, South Africa, from the same.

» BUBO CINERASCENS, Guerin. Rev. Zoo. 1843, p. 321. Ferret & Gal.

Voy. Abyss. Ois. pl. 2.

1. Adult, Fazogloa, Eastern Africa, from the Rivoli col-
lection.

2, 3. Fazogloa, from the same.

. BUBO ASCALAPHUS, (Savigny :) Desc. del Egypte, Hist. Nat.i. p. 110.

Ois. pl. 3, f. 2
Strix ascalaphus, Savigny.
Ascalaphia Savigni, Geoffroy. Mem. du Mus. 1830, p. Gould,
B. of Eur. pl. 38.
. Adult male, Egypt, from the Rivoli ae etre
- Adult, Morocco, from the same.

J. BUBO BENGALENSIS, (Franklin.) Gouwld’s Century of Birds, pl. 3.

PA

13;

Otus bengalensis, Franklin. Proc. Zoo. Soc. London, 1831,
p- 115.
Bubo? cavearius, Hodgson. /1siatic Researches, xix. p. 169.
1,2. India, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult male, India.
4. Adult female, India.
5. Adult male, India, from Capt. Boys? collection.

- BUBO ORIENTALIS, (Horsf.) Temm. Pl. col. 174, 229.

Strix orientalis, Horsfield. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xiii. p- 140.
Strix sumatrana, Raffles. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xiii. p. 279.
Strix strepitans, Temm. Pl. col. ii. p. (liv. 30.)

Bubo nipalensis, Hodgson. Asiatic Researches, xix. p. 172.

1. Adult, Java, from the Rivoli collection.
2. young, Java.

BUBO CoromaNDDS, (Lath.) Gray, Ill. Ind. Zoo. pl. 20.
Strix coromanda, Latham. Ind. Orn.i. p.95. Daud. Traité @Orn.
i ips21 5;
Urrua umbrata, Blyth. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. xiv. p. 180.
1. Adult, from the Rivoli collection.
2. Adult male, India.
3. Adult female, India.

. BUBO LacTEvs, (Temm.) PJ. col. 4.

Strix lacteus, Temm. Pl. col. ii. p. (liv. 1.)

1,2. Adults, Senegal, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult, Fazogloa, from the same.

BUBO PECTORALIS, (Jerdon.) ?
1. Adult? Himalaya mountains.

2. Genus KETUPA, Lesson.

1. KETUPA CEYLONENSIS, (Gm.) Temm. Pl. col. 20.

9

~e

Strix zeylonensis, Gmelin. Syst. Nat. i. p. 287.

Strix Hardwickii, Gray. Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 31.

Strix Leschenaultii, Temm. Pl. col. ii. p. (liv. 4.)

Strix dumeticola, Tickel/. Jour. 4s. Soc. Beng. it. p. 571.
Sultrunguis nigripes, Hodgson. Jour. 4s. Soc. Beng. vi. p. 363.

1. Adult female, India, from the Rivoli collection.
2,3. Adults, India, from the same.

KETUPA JAVANENSIS, Lesson. T'ratte d’Orn. i. p. 114. Temm. Pl,
col. 74.
Strix ketupa, Horsfield. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xiii. p. 141.

“Strix ceylonensis, Lath.” Temm. Pl. col. ii. p. (liv. 13.) et Less.
Traite d’Orn. i. p. 114.
1,2. Adult, Java, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult, India. Presented by Gavin Watson, M. D.

- KETUPA FLavires, Hodgson.

1, Adult male, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.
2. Adult female, India, from the same.

3. Genus LOPHOSTRIX, Lesson.

- LOPHOSTRIX crisTaTA, (Daud.) Le Vaill. Ois. d’Af. pl. 48.
Strix cristata, Daudin. Traite d'Orn. ii. p. 207.
Strix griseata, Latham. Ind. Orn. Supp.

1,2. Adults, Guiana, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult, South America, from the same.
4. Adult, Cayenne. Presented by C. Hering, M. D.

4. Genus EPHIALTES, Keyserling & Blasius.

. EPHIALTEs scops, (Linn.) Selby’s Brit. Orr. pl. 22. Gould, B. of
Eur, pl. 41.
Strix scops, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1 p. 132.
Strix pulchella, Pallas. Trav. Russia.
Strix giu, Scopoli. Annus. Hist. Nat.
Strix zorca et carniolica, Gm. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 289, 290.
“Scops Aldrovandi, Ray.” Selby.
Scops europreus, Lesson. Traite i. p. 106.
Scops ephialtes, Suv. Egypte xxiii. p. 291.
1,2. Adult females, France, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult female, Europe, from the same.
4,5. younger, from the same.
6,7. Scops pennata, Hodgson? India, from the Rivoli col-
lection.

. EPHIALTES SuNTA, (Hodg.) Jerdon’s I/l.2Ind. Orn. pl. 41.
Scops sunia, Hodgson. 4s. Res. xix. p. 175.

1, 2, 3. India, from the Rivoli collection.

. EPHIALTES SENEGALENSIS, (Swains.)
Scops senegalensis, Swainson. B. of W. Af. (Nat. Lib.) 1.
p- 127.

2. Senegal, from the Rivoli collection.

3. Adult, Western Africa, from Mr. Cassin’s collection.

5. Adult, Western Africa.

8. Scops capensis, A. Smith, South Africa, from the Rivoli
collection.

9. the same, Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Gavin
Watson, M. D.

4. EPHIALTES LEMPIJI, (Horsf.) Temm. Pl. col. 99%
Strix Lempiji, Horsfield. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xiii. p. 140.
Scops lettia, Hodgson. As. Res. xix. p. 1764
Scops javanicus, Less. Traité i. p. 107?

1,2. Adult males, India, from the Rivoli collection.
3,4. Adult females, India, from the same.
5. Adult male, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.
6. Adult female, India, from the same.
7,8. young, India, from the Rivoli collection.
9,10. “Strix noctula, Reinw.” Temm. Pl. col. 99. India,
from the Rivoli collection.

5. EPHIALTES LOPHOTES, (Less.) ?
Scops lophotes, Lesson. Traité d’Orn.i. p. 107?

1. Adult, India? from the Rivoli collection.
2,3, 4. younger.

6. EPHIALTES SaGiTTaTus, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada. iv.
p. 121, Dec. 1848,

1. Adult? India?
2. young, Malacca?

7. EPHIALTES SEMITORQUES, (Temm. & Schl.) Fauna Japonica, pl. 8.
Otus semitorques, Temm. & Schl. Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 25.

1. Adult, Japan, from the Rivoli collection.
2. Adult male, Japan.

8. EPHIALTES LEucoTis, (Temm.) PJ. col. 16.
Strix leucotis, Temminck. Pl. col. ii. p. (liv. 3.)

1,2. Adult, Fazogloa, from the Rivoli collection,
3,4. Adult, Senegal, from the same.

9. eputaLtes asto, (Linn.) Aud. B. of Am. pl. 97, Wilson, Am. Orn.
pl. 19, 42.
Strix asio, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 132.
Strix nevia, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 259.
Scops carolinensis, Brisson. Orn. i. p. 497.
“Strix albifrons ?”’ Bonaparte. Obs.
“ Bubo striatus? Vieill.” Bonaparte. Obs.

1,2. North America, from the Rivoli collection.

3. New Jersey. Presented by Ralph Hammersly, M.D.

4, Male, Pennsylvania. Presented by W. S. Zantzinger,
M. D.

5. Female, Chester county, Penna. Presented by Samuel
W. Woodhouse, M. D.

6. very young male, Chester county, Penna., from the
same,

7

7. Strix nevia, Gm. Pennsylvania, from Mr. Cassin’s col-
lection.
8. the same, North America, from the Rivoli collection.
9. the same, female, near Philadelphia.
10. the same, female, Pennsylvania.

10. eputavtes cHoLipa, (Vieill.) Spix. .4v. Bras. ves, pl. 9. Des
Murs, Pl. peint. (Icon. Orn.) pl. 26.
Strix choliba, Vietllot. Nouv. Dict. vii. p. 39.
Strix crucigera et undulata, Spix. Jv. Bras. pl. 9, 10.
Strix decussata, Lichtenstein. Cal. Dup. Berl. Mus. p. 59.
Scops portoricensis, Lesson. Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 107.
Strix tolchiquatli, Gm. Syst. Nal. i. p. 296% Azara Voy. iii.
p- 126.
1,2, 3,4. Adult, South America, from the Rivoli collection,
5,6. Brazil, from the same.
7. young, Cayenne.
8. young, South America.

11. EpMIALTES WaTsont1, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada. iv.
p- 123, (Dec. 1848.)

1. Rio Orinoco, South America, from the Rivoli col-
lection.

2. South America.

3. Surinam. Presented by C. Hering, M. D.

12. EPHIALTES ATRICAPILLA, (Natt.) Temm. Pl. col. 145.
Strix atricapilla, Vatterer. (ubi?) Temm. Pl. col. ii. p. (liv. 25.)
1. nearly adult, Mexico, from Mr. W. S. Pease’s col-
lection.

13. EPHIALTES NupIPES, (Vieill.) Ois. Am. Sept. pl. 22?
Strix nudipes, Vieillot ?

1,2. Bogota, from the Rivoli collection.

Ill. Subfamily NYCTEININ_E.
1. Genus NYCTEA, Stephens.

1. nycTea Nivea, (Daud.) Jud. B. of Am. pl. 121. Selby, Brit. Orn.
1.22.
Strix an Daudin. Traité d’Orn. it. p. 190. Faun. Franc.
Verteb. pl. 23.
Strix nyctea, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 132. Fau. Sue. p. 25.
Strix candida, Lath. Ind. Orn. Supp.
Strix erminea, Shaw. Gen. Zool. vii. p. 251.
Nyctea erminea et cinerea, Stephens.
Strix wapacuthu, Vieil. Fauna Bor. 4m. Birds, p. 99?
Strix arcticus, Bartram. Trav. p. 289.

7 EEE eee, hr eee

a ee ———— ee

to

a)

1,2. Europe? from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult, New Jersey, from Mr. Cassin’s collection.
4. younger. Presented by J. Trudeau, M. D.
5. Adult female, New Jersey.

IV. Subfamily ATHENINZ.
1. Genus ATHENE, Boie.

. ATHENE Noctua, (Retzius.) Gould's B. of Eur. pl. 48.

Strix noctua, Refzius. Fauna Suecica, p. 85.
‘“‘Strix passerina, Gm.” Temm. Man. 1. p. 93.
“Strix passerina, et accipitrina, Linn.” Meyer Tasch. i. p. 81.
Strix nudipes, Villson. Orn. Suec. p. 68, pl. 2.
Noctua glaux, Savigny. Egypte.

1,2. Adult, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult female, Algiers, from the same.
4,5. Adult, France.

ATHENE PASSERINA, (Linn.) Gouwld’s B. of Eur. pl. 50.
Strix passerina, Linn. Syst. Nat.i. p. 133. Faun. Suec. p. 20.
Strix pusilla, Daudin. Traité d’Orn. ii. p. 205. Le Vaill. Ors.
d’ Af. pl. 46.
Strix pygmea, Bechstein. Nat. Deut. ii. p. 978.
“Strix acadica, Linn.” Temm. Man. 1. p. 96.

1. Adult, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.

ATHENE PassERINOIDES, (Temm.) Pl. col. 344. dud. B. of Im.
pl. 432.
Strix passerinoides, Temm. Pl. col. i. p. (liv. 58.)
1. Adult? New Grenada, from the Rivoli collection.
2. Adult? Brazil, from the same. -
3, 4, 5. South America, from the same.

So)

. ATHENE PUMILA, (Illig.) Temm. Pl. col. 39.

“Strix pumila, Illiger.”? Temm. Pl. col. it. p. (liv. 7.)
Strix pumila, Licht. Cat. Dup. Ber. Mus. p. 60.
Strix ferox, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. vii. p. 22.
Strix minutissima, de Wied. Beitrage zur Nat. Bras. ii. p. 242.

1,2. South America, from the Rivoli collection.

. ATHENE sisv, (D’Orb.) De Ja Sagra’s Cuba, Ois. pl. 3.

Noctua siju, D’Orbigny. De la Sagra’s Hist. de U ile de Cuba, Orn.
p- 33.
1. Adult, Cuba. Presented by Richard C. Taylor, Esq.

. ATHENE FERRUGINEA, (de Wied.) Temm. PI. col. 199.

Strix ferruginea, de Wied. Beit. Nut. Bras. iu. p. 234.

Strix phala:noides, Daud. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 206! Vieill. Ois.
d’Am. Sept. pl. 15?
“Strix pumila, Illig.?* de Wied. (ut supra.)

1,2, 3. Adult males, Brazil, from the Rivoli collection.
4,5, 6. Adult females, Brazil, from the saine.
7. Adult, Rio Negro, from Mr. Cassin’s collection.
8,9. younger, South America, from the Rivoli collection.
10. Female, Trinidad.
11. younger, South America. Presented by Gavin Watson,
M. D.

12. S. ferruginea? Caraccas, from the Rivoli collection.

7. ATHENE NANA, (Vig.) Gray & Mitch. Genera, pl. 12.
Strix nana, Vigors. Zoo. Jour. iii. p. 426.

1. America, from the Rivoli collection.
1,2. A. nana? Mexico, from M. Bruzin’s collection.
1,2, 3,4. A. nana? South America.

8. ATHENE BRAMA, (T'emm.) PI. col. GX.

Strix brama, Temm, Pl. col. ii. p. (liv. 12.)

Noctua indica, Fruaklin. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 1831, p. 115.

Noctua tarayensis, Hodgson. 1s. Res. xix. p. 175.

Strix persica, Vieidl. Nouv. Dict. vii. p. 26. ?

1,2,3. Adult females, India, from the Rivoli collection.

4. Adult male, India. Presented by M. Burrough, M. D.
3. young, India, from the Rivoli collection.

9. ATHENE RADIATA, (Tickell.)
Strix radiata, Tickell. Jour. 4s. Soc. Beng. i. p. 572.
Strix eyrthroptera, Gould. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 1837, p. 136.
Athene undulatus, Blyth. Jour. Js. Soc. Beng. xi. p. 457.

1,2. Adult females, Himalaya mountains, from the Rivoli
collection.
3. Adult male, Himalaya mountains, from the same.
4,5. younger, India.

10. aTHENE cucuLoivEs, (Vig.) Gould’s Century, pl. 4.
Noctua cuculoides, Vigors. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1820, p. 8.

1. Adult male, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

2. Adult female, India, from the same.

3. India, from the Rivoli collection.

4. A. cuculoides? India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

11. ATHENE caSTaNEOoPTERA, {Horsf.) Temm. PI. col. 98.
Strix castaneoptera, Horsfield. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xiii.
p- 140.

1, 2, 3. Adults, Java, from the Rivoli collection.

12. ATHENE BRODIEI, (Burt.)
Noctua Brodiei, Burton. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 1835, p. 152.
Noctua tubiger, Hedgson. As. Res. xix. p. 175.

1. Adult male, India, ftom Capt. Boys’ collection.
2. Adult female, India, from the same.
3. India.

13. aTHENE scuTeLLATA, (Raff.) Temm. Pl. col. 289.
Strix scutellata, Raffles. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xiii. p. 280.
Strix hirsuta, Temm. Pl. col. ii. p. (liv. 49.)
Strix lugubris, Tickell. Jour. 1s. Soc. Beng. ii. p. 572.
Athene malaccensis, Eyton. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi.
p. 228 2
1,2. Adults, India, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult, Sumatra, from the same.
4. younger, Ceylon, from the same. ‘
5. Adult, India. Presented by M. Burrough, M. D.
6. Adult female, India.

14. atHeNE Pertata, (Vieill.) Le Vaill. Ois. Af. pl. 284. Temm.
Pl. col. 34.
Strix perlata, Vieillot. Nouv. Dict. vii. p. 26.
Strix occipitalis, Temm. Pl. col. ii. p. (liv. 4.)

1. Adult, Western Africa. Presented by Edward Harris,
Ksq.
2, 3,4. Adults, South Africa, from the Rivoli collection.
5. younger, Cape of Good Hope, from the same.
6,7. Adult, Senegal, from the same.
8. younger, Africa, from the same.
9. Female, Cape of Good Hope.

15. aTHENE cunicuLariA, (Mol.) ud. B. of Am. pl. 412. (from S. A.
specimens. )
Strix cunicularia, Molina. Sagg. Chili.
Strix grallaria, T’emm: PI. col. ii. p. (liv. 25.) pl. 1462
Strix californica, dud. B. of Am. pl. 412. (name on plate.)
Noctua coquimbana, Brisson. Orn. i. p. 155. i

1,2. Adult females? South America, from the Rivoli col-
lection.
3. younger, Rio La Plata. Presented by W. S. W.
Ruschenberger, M. D., U. S. Navy.
4, Female, Peru.
D. Strix grallaria, Temm. South America, from the Rivoli
collection.

16. ATHENE HyPUGa&A, (Bonap.) Bonaparte’s Am. Orn. i. pl. 7.
Strix hypugea, Bonaparte. Am. Orn. i. p. 72.
Asthene socialis, Gambel. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada. iii. p. 47.
a

kas

18.

19.

1. Male, Columbia River. Presented by Edward Harris,
Esq.

. Adult male, Platte River. Presented by A. L. Heer-
man, M. D.

3. very young, Western North America. Deposited by
Mr. E. M. Kern, and collected by him during Coi.
Fremont’s Expedition of 1845. ;

4. Adult, Columbia River, from Mr. John G. Bell’s col-
lection.

to

aTHENE? strenua, Gould. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 1837, p, 142.
B. of Aust. i. pl. 35.

1,2. Adults, Australia, from the Rivoli collection.
3. New South Wales, from Mr. Gould’s collection

ATHENE? CONNIVENS, (Lath.) Gould’s B. of ust. i. pl. 34.
Falco connivens, Latham. Ind. Orn. Supp. p. 12.
Athene? fortis, Gould. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 1837, p. 141.

1,2. Australia, from the Rivoli collection.
3. Adult male, Western Australia, from Mr. Gould’s col-
lection. .
. Adult female, Western Australia, from the same.
. Male, New South Wales, from the same.
. Female, New South Wales, from the same.

out

ATHENE BooBOOK, (Lath.) Gould’s B. of Aust. i. pl. 32.
Strix boobook, Latham. Ind. Orn. Supp.

1. Adult, Swan River, Australia, from the Rivoli collec-
tion.
2,3. Males, Western Australia, from Mr. Gould’s collection.
4. Female, do. from the same.

ATHENE MacuLaTA, (Vig. & Horsf.) Gould’s, B. of Aust. i. p. 33.
Noctua maculata, Vigors & Horsfield. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.
XV. 'p.,i 9.
1. Adult, Van Dieman’s land, from the Rivoli collection.
2,3. New Zealand, from the same.
4. Male, Van Dieman’s land, from Mr. Gould’s collection.
5. Female, Van Dieman’s land, from the same.

. ATHENE MARMORATA, Gould. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 1846, p. 18.

1. Male, Southern Australia, from Mr. Gould’s collection.

. ATHENE nuFaA, Gould. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 1846, p. 18, B. of

Aust. i. pl. 36.

1. Port Essingtor, Australia, from Mr. Gould’s collection.

23. ATHENE MAUGEI, (Temm.) Pl. col. 46.
Strix Maugei, Temm. PI. col. ii. p. (liv. 8.)

1. Adult male.

2. Genus CICCABA, Wagler.

1. ciccaba HUHULA, (Daud.) Le Vaill. Ovs. @ Af. pl. 41.
Strix huhula, Daudin. Tr. d’Orn. il. p. 190.
Strix lineata, Shaw. Gen. Zoo. vii. p. 280, pl. 36.
Strix albomarginata, Spix. Jv. Bras. pl. 10 a.

1,2. Adults, South America, from the Rivoli collection.
3. younger, South America, from the same.

2. ciccaBA PerspiciLLATA, (Lath.) Le Vaill. Ois. d’ Af. pl. 42, 44.
Strix perspicillata, Latham. Ind. Orn.1. p.58. Gen. Hist. i. pl. 15.
Strix personata et torquata, Daudin. Tr. d’Orn. ii. p. 192, 193.
Strix superciliosa, Shaw. Gen. Zool. vil. p. 251, pl. 32.

Strix larvata, Shaw. Nat. Misc. pl. 801.

. Adult, Surinam, from the Rivoli collection.

. Adult, South America, from the same.

. middle age, South America, from the same.

. middle age, Surinam. Presented by C. Hering, M. D.
. younger, South America, from the Rivoli collection.

. very young, South America.

CO. Ot WN Re

V. Subfamily SURNINE.
1. Genus SURNIA, Dumeril.

i. suRNIA uLuLA, (Linn.) Jud. B. of Am. pl. 378. Gould’s B.of Eur.
1. 45.
Strix alla, Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 26. Syst. Nat. i. p. 133.
Strix uralensis et hudsonia, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 295. Buff. Pi.
Enl. 463.
“Strix funerea, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 133°? Nillson, Faun. Suec.
p. 65, (et al. uct.) :
Strix canadensis et freti-hudsonia, Briss. Orn. 1. p. 518, 520.
Strix nisoria, Meyer Tasch. i. p. 84.
Strix doliata, Pallas. Zoog. i. p. 316.
Strix arctica, Sparrm. Mus. Car.
Surnia borealis, Less. Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 100.

1, 2, 3,4. Adults, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.
5. Adult male, Nova Scotia.
G. Adult female, Nova Scotia.

frit.

| Ky
‘ Bihan evel, a ee oe aes van
; eR ARR ee de

ans ase 2 rT a0 earvll oflaaetatvcus! girs) hy cheaviois -
a wis. ¥au 4 OF ae al) «A fowl obi meekie

Pail “gins ak aes
. F x

WLM, howd re abated py
we tol atinbway): ANE thy alVp hehehe meet

OBS Mpa Wrst 288 ig Tem Sahel antl
AX Auth

Bs

'

; sli Rat 92% raced) Ae ooh Hib al”

-

5 . ‘ota :
+ .
i ~~) s ene

}

Lia ¥-

‘ TA mt
> ’ oftaiy T. A bof ,

ao?) Leth) | mate i

au ; a

WY sig tT lays ly wintnth ts cherie
Oe

Ko ay bee oes a ae) ‘\, «fnilel
tale Fie Diem en, NEA .eyth, eet:
. athe et Mk RNY VL inet adanaad

tatet Sahin oe aPaH olen tubs a

> i eg sae Bette es 9 ae
as

Pa Si sping ba ‘oudht's aul

a -

fig.7

9

1

k

~

>
‘
F :
{
~~ @
>
4
Pa ae
ie
' 7
Pt
wit y

~ a= «

Sat:

fig. fF

>

BINDING SEZCT. JAN 25 1971

QH Academy of natural sciences
1 of Philadelphia
A2 Proceedings

Biological
& Medical
Serials

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
Ee ca nea eens

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY

a

I _ —— a

STORAGE